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This generationallist of Intel processorsattempts to present all ofIntel'sprocessorsfrom the4-bit4004(1971) to the present high-end offerings. Concise technical data is given for each product.
An iterative refresh of Raptor Lake-S desktop processors, called the 14th generation of Intel Core, was launched on October 17... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_processors |
The following is apartiallist ofIntelCPUmicroarchitectures. The list isincomplete, additional details can be found in Intel'stick–tock model,process–architecture–optimization modelandTemplate:Intel processor roadmap. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures |
This article listsx86-compliant microprocessors sold byVIA Technologies, grouped by technical merits: cores within same group have much in common. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_VIA_microprocessor_cores |
x86-compatible processors have been designed, manufactured and sold by a number of companies, including:
In the past:
In the past:
In the past:
Early Intel x86 CPU designs (up to the 80286) have in the past beensecond-sourcedby the following manufacturers under licence from Intel:[24][25]
Manufacturers that have s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_x86_manufacturers |
In acomputer, aninterrupt request(orIRQ) is a hardware signal sent to the processor that temporarily stops a running program and allows a special program, aninterrupt handler, to run instead. Hardware interrupts are used to handle events such as receiving data from amodemornetwork card, key presses, or mouse movements... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrupt_request |
Transient execution CPU vulnerabilitiesarevulnerabilitiesin which instructions, most often optimized usingspeculative execution, are executed temporarily by amicroprocessor, without committing their results due to a misprediction or error, resulting in leaking secret data to an unauthorized party. The archetype isSpect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speculative_execution_CPU_vulnerabilities |
Tick–tockwas a production model adopted in 2007 bychipmanufacturerIntel. Under this model, every new process technology was first used to manufacture adie shrinkof a provenmicroarchitecture(tick), followed by a new microarchitecture on the now-proven process (tock). It was replaced by theprocess–architecture–optimizati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tick%E2%80%93tock_model |
Virtual legacy wires(VLW) are transactions over theIntel QuickPath InterconnectandIntel Ultra Path Interconnectinterconnect fabrics that replace a particular set of physical legacy pins on Intel microprocessors. The legacy wires replaced include the INTR, A20M, and SMI legacy signals.[1]
This computing article is astu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_legacy_wires |
Jossmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joss_(disambiguation) |
Joosmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joos_(disambiguation) |
In computing,autonomous peripheral operationis a hardware feature found in somemicrocontrollerarchitectures to off-load certain tasks into embeddedautonomous peripheralsin order to minimizelatenciesand improvethroughputinhard real-timeapplications as well as to save energy inultra-low-powerdesigns.
Forms of autonomous... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_peripheral_operation |
Acontrol systemmanages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems usingcontrol loops. It can range from a single home heating controller using athermostatcontrolling a domestic boiler to largeindustrial control systemswhich are used for controllingprocessesor machines. The control systems... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_system |
In adistributed computingsystem, afailure detectoris acomputer applicationor asubsystemthat is responsible for the detection ofnodefailures orcrashes.[1]Failure detectors were first introduced in 1996 by Chandra and Toueg in their bookUnreliable Failure Detectors for Reliable Distributed Systems. The book depicts the f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failure_detector |
TheICL Series 39was a range ofmainframeandminicomputercomputersystems released by the UK manufacturerICLin 1985. The original Series 39 introduced the "S3L" (whose corrupt pronunciation resulted in the name "Estriel"[1]: 341) processors andmicrocodes, and a nodal architecture, which is a form ofNon-Uniform Memory Acces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodal_architecture |
Data processing modesorcomputing modesare classifications of different types of computer processing.[1]
This computing article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing_modes |
ThePtolemy Projectis an ongoing project aimed at modeling, simulating, and designingconcurrent,real-time,embedded systems. The focus of the Ptolemy Project is on assembling concurrent components. The principal product of the project is the Ptolemy IImodel based designand simulation tool. The Ptolemy Project is conducte... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_Project |
Real-time data(RTD) is information that is delivered immediately after collection. There is no delay in the timeliness of the information provided. Real-time data is often used for navigation or tracking.[1]Such data is usuallyprocessedusingreal-time computingalthough it can also be stored for later or off-linedata ana... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_data |
Real-time computer graphicsorreal-time renderingis the sub-field ofcomputer graphicsfocused on producing and analyzing images inreal time. The term can refer to anything from rendering an application's graphical user interface (GUI) to real-timeimage analysis, but is most often used in reference to interactive3D comput... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computer_graphics |
Areal-time operating system(RTOS) is anoperating system(OS) forreal-time computingapplications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS is distinct from atime-sharingoperating system, such asUnix, which manages the sharing of system resources with a scheduler, data buffers, o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_operating_system |
Real-time testingis the process oftestingreal-time computer systems.
Software testing is performed to detect and help correctbugs(errors) in computer software. Testing involves ensuring not only that the software is error-free but that it provides the required functionality to the user. Static and conventional method... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_testing |
Remote diagnosticsis the act ofdiagnosinga given symptom, issue or problem from a distance. Instead of the subject being co-located with the person or system done diagnostics, with remote diagnostics the subjects can be separated by physical distance (e.g.,Earth-Moon). Important information is exchanged either throughw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_diagnostics |
The termscheduling analysisinreal-time computingincludes the analysis and testing of theschedulersystem and thealgorithmsused in real-time applications. Incomputer science, real-time scheduling analysis is the evaluation, testing and verification of thescheduling systemand thealgorithmsused in real-time operations. For... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheduling_analysis_real-time_systems |
Asynchronous programming languageis acomputer programming languageoptimized for programmingreactive systems.
Computer systemscan be sorted in three main classes:
Synchronous programming, also calledsynchronous reactive programming(SRP), is a computerprogramming paradigmsupported by synchronous programming languages. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronous_programming_language |
Stephen J. Mellor(born 1952) is an Americancomputer scientist, developer of the Ward–Mellor method forreal-time computing, theShlaer–Mellor method, andExecutable UML, and signatory to theAgile Manifesto.
Mellor received aBA in computer sciencefrom theUniversity of Essexin 1974, and started working atCERNin Geneva, Sw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_J._Mellor |
Theworst-case execution time(WCET) of acomputationaltask is the maximum length of time the task could take to execute on a specifichardwareplatform.
Worst case execution time is typically used in reliablereal-time systems, where understanding the worst case timing behaviour of software is important for reliability or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worst-case_execution_time |
Incomputer science, thedining philosophers problemis an example problem often used inconcurrentalgorithm design to illustratesynchronizationissues and techniques for resolving them.
It was originally formulated in 1965 byEdsger Dijkstraas a student exam exercise, presented in terms of computerscompeting for accesstota... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dining_philosophers_problem |
TheUnixcommandfuseris used to show whichprocessesare using a specifiedcomputer file,file system, orUnix socket.
For example, to check process IDs and users accessing a USB drive:
The command displays theprocess identifiers(PIDs) of processes using the specified files or file
systems. In the default display mode, e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuser_(Unix) |
lsofis a command meaning "list open files", which is used in manyUnix-likesystems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. Thisopen sourceutility was developed and supported by Victor A. Abell, the retired Associate Director of thePurdue UniversityComputing Center. It works in and supports... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lsof |
AFile Control Block(FCB) is a file system structure in which the state of an openfileis maintained. A FCB is managed by the operating system, but it resides in the memory of the program that uses the file, not in operating system memory. This allows a process to have as many files open at one time as it wants, provided... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Control_Block |
Extended file attributesarefile systemfeatures that enable users to associatecomputer fileswithmetadatanot interpreted by the filesystem, whereas regular attributes have a purpose strictly defined by the filesystem (such aspermissionsor records of creation and modification times). Unlikeforks, which can usually be as l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_file_attributes |
Ext2Fsd(short forExt2 File System Driver) is afreeInstallable File Systemdriver written inCfor theMicrosoft Windowsoperating system family. It facilitates read and write access to theext2,ext3andext4file systems.
The driver can be installed onWindows 2000,Windows XP,Windows Server 2003,Windows Vista,Windows 7,Windows ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2Fsd |
Next3is ajournaling file systemforLinuxbased onext3which addssnapshotssupport, yet retains compatibility to the ext3 on-disk format.[2][3]Next3 is implemented asopen-sourcesoftware, licensed under theGPLlicense.
A snapshot is aread-onlycopy of the file system frozen at apoint in time. Versioning file systems like Next... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next3 |
Btrfs(pronounced as "better F S",[9]"butter F S",[13][14]"b-tree F S",[14]or "B.T.R.F.S.") is a computer storage format that combines afile systembased on thecopy-on-write(COW) principle with alogical volume manager(distinct from Linux'sLVM), developed together. It was created by Chris Mason in 2007[15]for use inLinux,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs |
e2fsprogs(sometimes called thee2fs programs) is a set of utilities for maintaining theext2,ext3andext4file systems. Since those file systems are often the default forLinux distributions, it is commonly considered to be essential software.
Included with e2fsprogs, ordered byASCIIbetical order, are:
Many of these util... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2fsprogs |
Journaled File System(JFS) is a64-bitjournaling file systemcreated byIBM. There are versions forAIX,OS/2,eComStation,ArcaOSandLinuxoperating systems. The latter is available as free software under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).HP-UXhas another, different filesystem named JFS that is actually an OEM ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFS_(file_system) |
Defaultfile systemused in variousoperating systems.
openSUSE10.2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_default_file_systems |
0x83(MBR)
Reiser4is acomputerfile system, successor to theReiserFSfile system, developed from scratch byNamesysand sponsored byDARPAas well asLinspire. Reiser4 was named after its former lead developerHans Reiser. As of 2021[update], the Reiser4 patch set is still being maintained,[3][4]but according toPhoronix, it is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4 |
XFSis a high-performance64-bitjournaling file systemcreated bySilicon Graphics, Inc(SGI) in 1993.[7]It was the default file system in SGI'sIRIXoperating system starting with its version 5.3. XFS was ported to theLinux kernelin 2001; as of June 2014, XFS is supported by mostLinux distributions;Red Hat Enterprise Linuxus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFS |
ZFS(previouslyZettabyte File System) is afile systemwithvolume managementcapabilities. It began as part of theSun MicrosystemsSolarisoperating systemin 2001. Large parts of Solaris, including ZFS, were published under anopen source licenseasOpenSolarisfor around 5 years from 2005 before being placed under a closed sou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS |
Incomputing,BIOS(/ˈbaɪɒs,-oʊs/,BY-oss, -ohss;Basic Input/Output System, also known as theSystem BIOS,ROM BIOS,BIOS ROMorPC BIOS) is a type offirmwareused to provide runtime services foroperating systemsandprogramsand to performhardwareinitialization during thebootingprocess (power-on startup).[1]The firmware comes pre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS |
CPU modes(also calledprocessor modes,CPU states,CPU privilege levelsand other names) are operating modes for thecentral processing unitof mostcomputer architecturesthat place restrictions on the type and scope of operations that can be performed by instructions being executed by the CPU. For example, this design allows... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_modes |
The Linuxbootingprocess involves multiple stages and is in many ways similar to theBSDand otherUnix-style boot processes, from which it derives. Although the Linux booting process depends very much on the computer architecture, those architectures share similar stages and software components,[1]including system startup... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_user_space |
Memory protectionis a way to control memory access rights on a computer, and is a part of most moderninstruction set architecturesandoperating systems. The main purpose of memory protection is to prevent aprocessfrom accessing memory that has not been allocated to it. This prevents a bug ormalwarewithin a process fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_protection |
OS-level virtualizationis anoperating system(OS)virtualizationparadigm in which thekernelallows the existence of multiple isolateduser spaceinstances, includingcontainers(LXC,Solaris Containers, AIXWPARs, HP-UX SRP Containers,Docker,Podman),zones(Solaris Containers),virtual private servers(OpenVZ),partitions,virtual en... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS-level_virtualization |
Inabstract algebra, anelementaof aringRis called aleft zero divisorif there exists a nonzeroxinRsuch thatax= 0,[1]or equivalently if themapfromRtoRthat sendsxtoaxis notinjective.[a]Similarly, an elementaof a ring is called aright zero divisorif there exists a nonzeroyinRsuch thatya= 0. This is a partial case ofdivisib... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_divisor |
Zero to the power of zero, denoted as00, is amathematical expressionwith different interpretations depending on the context. In certain areas of mathematics, such ascombinatoricsandalgebra,00is conventionally defined as 1 because this assignment simplifies manyformulasand ensures consistency in operations involvingexpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_to_the_power_of_zero |
L'Hôpital's rule(/ˌloʊpiːˈtɑːl/,loh-pee-TAHL), also known asBernoulli's rule, is a mathematical theorem that allows evaluatinglimitsofindeterminate formsusingderivatives. Application (or repeated application) of the rule often converts an indeterminate form to an expression that can be easily evaluated by substitution.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital%27s_rule |
In acomputeroperating systemthat usespagingforvirtual memorymanagement,page replacement algorithmsdecide which memory pages to page out, sometimes called swap out, or write to disk, when apageof memory needs to be allocated. Page replacement happens when a requested page is not in memory (page fault) and a free page ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_replacement_algorithm |
I do considerassignment statementsand pointer variables to be among computer science's "most valuable treasures."
Incomputer science, apointeris anobjectin manyprogramming languagesthat stores amemory address. This can be that of another value located incomputer memory, or in some cases, that ofmemory-mappedcomputer h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming) |
W^X(write xor execute, pronouncedWxorX) is a security policy inoperating systemsandsoftware frameworks. It implementsexecutable space protectionby ensuring everymemory page(a fixed-size block in a program’svirtual address space, the memory layout it uses) is either writable orexecutable, but not both. Without such prot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%5EX |
Incomputer storage,Bélády's anomalyis the phenomenon in which increasing the number of page frames results in an increase in the number ofpage faultsfor certain memory access patterns. This phenomenon is commonly experienced when using thefirst-in first-out(FIFO)page replacement algorithm. In FIFO, the page fault may o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9l%C3%A1dy%27s_anomaly |
Incomputer architecture, thememory hierarchyseparatescomputer storageinto a hierarchy based onresponse time. Since response time,complexity, andcapacityare related, the levels may also be distinguished by theirperformanceand controlling technologies.[1]Memory hierarchy affects performance in computer architectural desi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_hierarchy |
Incomputer science,instruction schedulingis acompiler optimizationused to improveinstruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines withinstruction pipelines. Put more simply, it tries to do the following without changing the meaning of the code:
The pipeline stalls can be caused by structural hazar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superblock_scheduling |
Memory management(alsodynamic memory management,dynamic storage allocation, ordynamic memory allocation) is a form ofresource managementapplied tocomputer memory. The essential requirement of memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to programs at their request, and free it for re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management |
Incomputing,Page Size Extension(PSE) refers to a feature ofx86processors that allows forpageslarger than the traditional 4KiBsize. It was introduced in the originalPentiumprocessor, but it was only publicly documented byIntelwith the release of thePentium Pro.[1]TheCPUIDinstruction can be used to identify the availabil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_Size_Extension |
Incomputing, avirtual address space(VAS) oraddress spaceis the set of ranges of virtual addresses that anoperating systemmakes available to a process.[1]The range of virtual addresses usually starts at a low address and can extend to the highest address allowed by the computer'sinstruction set architectureand supported... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_address_space |
This article catalogs comparable aspects of notableoperating systemshells.
Background execution allows a shell to run a command without user interaction in the terminal, freeing the command line for additional work with the shell. POSIX shells and other Unix shells allow background execution by using the&character at ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_command_shells |
Human–computer interaction(HCI) is the process through which people operate and engage with computer systems. Research in HCI covers the design and the use ofcomputer technology, which focuses on theinterfacesbetween people (users) andcomputers. HCI researchers observe the ways humans interact with computers and design... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%E2%80%93computer_interaction |
AnInternet Explorer shellis a class of computer program (web browseror otherwise) that uses theInternet Explorerbrowser engine, known asMSHTMLand previously Trident. This engine isclosed-source, but Microsoft has exposed anapplication programming interface(API) that permits the developers toinstantiateeither MSHTML or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Explorer_shell |
Ashell accountis a user account on a remoteserver, typically running underUnixorLinuxoperating systems. The account gives access to a text-basedcommand-line interfacein ashell, via aterminal emulator. The user typically communicates with the server via theSSHprotocol. In the early days of the Internet, one would connec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_account |
In computing, ashell builtinis acommandor afunction, exposed by ashell, that is implemented in the shell itself, instead of an externalprogramwhich the shell would load and execute.[1][2][3][4]
A shell builtin starts faster than an external program because there is no program loading overhead. However, its implementat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_builtin |
In computing, thesuperuseris a special user account used for system administration. Depending on the operating system (OS), the actual name of this account might beroot,administrator,adminorsupervisor. In some cases, the actual name of the account is not the determining factor; on Unix-like systems, for example, the us... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser |
Awindow managerissystem softwarethat controls the placement and appearance ofwindowswithin awindowing systemin agraphical user interface.[1]Most window managers are designed to help provide adesktop environment. They work in conjunction with the underlying graphical system that provides required functionality—support f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_manager |
Aread–eval–print loop(REPL), also termed aninteractive toplevelorlanguage shell, is a simple interactivecomputer programmingenvironment that takes single user inputs, executes them, and returns the result to the user; a program written in a REPL environment is executed piecewise.[1]The term usually refers to programmin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93eval%E2%80%93print_loop |
Acommand-line interface(CLI) is a means of interacting withsoftwareviacommands– each formatted as a line of text. Command-line interfaces emerged in the mid-1960s, oncomputer terminals, as an interactive and more user-friendly alternative to the non-interactive mode available withpunched cards.[1]
For a long time, CLI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_line_interface |
Aprogramming languageis a system of notation for writingcomputer programs.[1]Programming languages are described in terms of theirsyntax(form) andsemantics(meaning), usually defined by aformal language. Languages usually provide features such as atype system,variables, and mechanisms forerror handling. Animplementation... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language |
This is a list of theshellcommandsof the most recent version of the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) –IEEEStd 1003.1-2024 which is part of theSingle UNIX Specification(SUS). These commands are implemented in many shells on modernUnix,Unix-likeand otheroperating systems. This list does not cover commands for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_POSIX_commands |
Therestricted shellis aUnix shellthat restricts some of the capabilities available to an interactive user session, or to ashell script, running within it. It is intended to provide an additional layer of security, but is insufficient to allow execution of entirely untrusted software. A restricted mode operation is fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restricted_shell |
Ashell scriptis acomputer programdesigned to be run by aUnix shell, acommand-line interpreter.[1]The various dialects of shell scripts are considered to becommand languages. Typical operations performed by shell scripts include file manipulation, program execution, and printing text. A script which sets up the environm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_script |
Exceptionalitymay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exceptionality_(disambiguation) |
Exemptionmay refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exemption_(disambiguation) |
Acceptoften refers to:
Acceptcan also refer to: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accept_(disambiguation) |
Incomputeroperating systems,demand paging(as opposed toanticipatory paging) is a method ofvirtual memorymanagement. In a system that uses demand paging, the operating system copies a diskpageinto physical memory only when an attempt is made to access it and that page is not already in memory (i.e., if apage faultoccurs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demand_paging |
InDOS memory management,expanded memoryis a system ofbank switchingthat provided additional memory toDOSprograms beyond the limit ofconventional memory(640 KiB).
Expanded memoryis an umbrella term for several incompatible technology variants. The most widely used variant was theExpanded Memory Specification(EMS), whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_memory |
Memory segmentationis anoperating systemmemory managementtechnique of dividing acomputer'sprimary memoryintosegmentsorsections. In acomputer systemusing segmentation, a reference to a memory location includes a value that identifies a segment and anoffset(memory location) within that segment. Segments or sections are a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_segmentation |
Apage,memory page, orvirtual pageis a fixed-length contiguous block ofvirtual memory, described by a single entry in apage table. It is the smallest unit of data for memory management in an operating system that uses virtual memory. Similarly, apage frameis the smallest fixed-length contiguous block ofphysical memoryin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_(computer_memory) |
In computing, apage cache, sometimes also calleddisk cache,[1]is a transparentcachefor thepagesoriginating from asecondary storagedevice such as ahard disk drive(HDD) or asolid-state drive(SSD). Theoperating systemkeeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of themain memory(RAM), resulting in quicker access to th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page_cache |
Computer data storageordigital data storageis a technology consisting ofcomputercomponents andrecording mediathat are used to retaindigital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers.[1]: 15–16
Thecentral processing unit(CPU) of a computer is what manipulates data by performing computations. In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_memory |
Incomputing,virtual memory, orvirtual storage,[b]is amemory managementtechnique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine"[3]which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory".[4]
The computer'soperating system, using a combination ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_memory |
Chu spacesgeneralize the notion oftopological spaceby dropping the requirements that the set ofopen setsbe closed underunionand finiteintersection, that the open sets be extensional, and that the membership predicate (of points in open sets) be two-valued. The definition ofcontinuous functionremains unchanged other tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_space |
Theclient–server modelis adistributed applicationstructure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, calledservers, and service requesters, calledclients.[1]Often clients and servers communicate over acomputer networkon separate hardware, but both client and server may be on the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server |
Clojure(/ˈkloʊʒər/, likeclosure)[17][18]is adynamicandfunctionaldialectof theprogramming languageLispon theJavaplatform.[19][20]
Like most other Lisps, Clojure'ssyntaxis built onS-expressionsthat are firstparsedintodata structuresby aLisp readerbefore beingcompiled.[21][17]Clojure's reader supports literal syntax form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojure |
Acomputer clusteris a set ofcomputersthat work together so that they can be viewed as a single system. Unlikegrid computers, computer clusters have eachnodeset to perform the same task, controlled and scheduled by software. The newest manifestation of cluster computing iscloud computing.
The components of a cluster ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_computing |
Ininformation technologyandcomputer science, especially in the fields ofcomputer programming,operating systems,multiprocessors, anddatabases,concurrency controlensures that correct results forconcurrentoperations are generated, while getting those results as quickly as possible.
Computer systems, bothsoftwareandhardw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_control |
Concurrent computingis a form ofcomputingin which severalcomputationsare executedconcurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead ofsequentially—with one completing before the next starts.
This is a property of a system—whether aprogram,computer, or anetwork—where there is a separate execution point or "thread of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_computing |
Concurrent object-oriented programmingis aprogramming paradigmwhich combinesobject-oriented programming(OOP) together withconcurrency. While numerous programming languages, such asJava, combine OOP with concurrency mechanisms likethreads, the phrase "concurrent object-oriented programming" primarily refers to systems w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_object-oriented_programming |
Insoftware engineering,concurrencypatternsare those types ofdesign patternsthat deal with themulti-threadedprogramming paradigm.
Examples of this class of patterns include:
Recordingsabout concurrency patterns from Software Engineering Radio:
Thiscomputer sciencearticle is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency_pattern |
CADP[1](Construction and Analysis of Distributed Processes) is a toolbox for the design of communication protocols and distributed systems. CADP is developed by the CONVECS team (formerly by the VASY team) atINRIARhone-Alpes and connected to various complementary tools. CADP is maintained, regularly improved, and used... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_and_Analysis_of_Distributed_Processes |
GDC,
D, also known asdlang, is amulti-paradigmsystemprogramming languagecreated byWalter BrightatDigital Marsand released in 2001.Andrei Alexandrescujoined the design and development effort in 2007. Though it originated as a re-engineering ofC++, D is now a very different language. As it has developed, it has drawn in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D_(programming_language) |
Distributed computingis a field ofcomputer sciencethat studiesdistributed systems, defined ascomputer systemswhose inter-communicating components are located on differentnetworked computers.[1][2]
The components of a distributed system communicate and coordinate their actions bypassing messagesto one another in order ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_computing |
Elixiris afunctional,concurrent,high-levelgeneral-purposeprogramming languagethat runs on theBEAMvirtual machine, which is also used to implement theErlangprogramming language.[3]Elixir builds on top of Erlang and shares the same abstractions for buildingdistributed,fault-tolerantapplications. Elixir also provides tool... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elixir_(programming_language) |
Erlang(/ˈɜːrlæŋ/UR-lang) is ageneral-purpose,concurrent,functionalhigh-levelprogramming language, and agarbage-collectedruntime system. The term Erlang is used interchangeably with Erlang/OTP, orOpen Telecom Platform(OTP), which consists of the Erlangruntime system, several ready-to-use components (OTP) mainly written ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language) |
Gois ahigh-levelgeneral purpose programming languagethat isstatically typedandcompiled. It is known for the simplicity of its syntax and the efficiency of development that it enables by the inclusion of a large standard library supplying many needs for common projects.[12]It was designed atGoogle[13]in 2007 byRobert Gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_(programming_language) |
Andrew Gordon Speedie Pask(28 June 1928 – 29 March 1996) was a Britishcybernetician, inventor andpolymathwho made multiple contributions to cybernetics,educational psychology,educational technology,applied epistemology,chemical computing,architecture, andsystems art. During his life, he gained three doctorate degrees. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Pask |
TheInternational Conference on Concurrency Theory(CONCUR) is anacademic conferencein the field ofcomputer science, with focus on the theory ofconcurrencyand its applications. It is the flagship conference forconcurrency theoryaccording to theInternational Federation for Information ProcessingWorking Group on Concurrenc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Conference_on_Concurrency_Theory |
OpenMPis anapplication programming interface(API) that supports multi-platformshared-memorymultiprocessingprogramming inC,C++, andFortran,[3]on many platforms,instruction-set architecturesandoperating systems, includingSolaris,AIX,FreeBSD,HP-UX,Linux,macOS,WindowsandOpenHarmony. It consists of a set ofcompiler directiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenMP |
Incomputer science,partitioned global address space(PGAS) is aparallel programming modelparadigm. PGAS is typified by communication operations involving a global memoryaddress spaceabstraction that is logically partitioned, where a portion is local to each process, thread, orprocessing element.[1][2]The novelty of PGAS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitioned_global_address_space |
Pony(also referred to asponylang) is afreeandopen source, object-oriented,actor model,capabilities-secure, high performance programming language.[6][7]Pony's reference capabilities allow even mutable data to be safelypassed by referencebetween actors.Garbage collectionis performedconcurrently, per-actor, which eliminat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pony_(programming_language) |
Incomputing, aprocessis theinstanceof acomputer programthat is being executed by one or manythreads. There are many different process models, some of which are light weight, but almost all processes (even entirevirtual machines) are rooted in anoperating system(OS) process which comprises the program code, assigned sys... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_(computing) |
Rustis ageneral-purposeprogramming languageemphasizingperformance,type safety, andconcurrency. It enforcesmemory safety, meaning that allreferencespoint to valid memory. It does so without a conventionalgarbage collector; instead, memory safety errors anddata racesare prevented by the "borrow checker", which tracks the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust_(programming_language) |
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