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A subsumption lattice is a mathematical structure used in the theoretical background of automated theorem proving and other symbolic computation applications.
A term t 1 is said to subsume a term t 2 if a substitution σ exists such that σ applied to t 1 yields t 2 . In this case, t 1 is also called more general than t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsumption_lattice |
A subsurface dyke is a structure that is built in an aquifer with the intention of obstructing the natural flow of ground water, thereby raising the ground water level and increasing the amount of water stored in the aquifer . Acting as an underground barrier impermeable to water, it controls the groundwater flow in an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_dyke |
Subsurface engineers (also known as "completion engineers" [ 1 ] ) are a subset within Petroleum Engineering and typically work closely with Drilling engineers . The job of a Subsurface Engineer is to effectively select equipment that will best suit the subsurface environment in order to best produce the hydrocarbon re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_engineer |
Subsurface flow , in hydrology , is the flow of water beneath Earth's surface as part of the water cycle .
In the water cycle, when precipitation falls on the Earth's land, some of the water flows on the surface forming streams and rivers . The remaining water, through infiltration , penetrates the soil traveling unde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_flow |
Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems , or "SLIMEs" (also abbreviated "SLMEs" or "SLiMEs"), are a type of endolithic ecosystems . They are defined by Edward O. Wilson as "unique assemblages of bacteria and fungi that occupy pores in the interlocking mineral grains of igneous rock beneath Earth's surface." [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_lithoautotrophic_microbial_ecosystem |
Subsurface Utilities are the utility networks generally laid under the ground surface. These utilities include pipeline networks for water supply, sewage disposal, petrochemical liquid transmission, petrochemical gas transmission or cable networks for power transmission, telecom data transmission, any other data or sig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_utilities |
Subsurface utility engineering ( SUE ) refers to a branch of engineering that involves managing certain risks associated with utility mapping at appropriate quality levels, utility coordination, utility relocation design and coordination, utility condition assessment, communication of utility data to concerned parties,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_utility_engineering |
Subtelomeres are segments of DNA between telomeric caps and chromatin.
Telomeres are specialized protein – DNA constructs present at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which prevent them from degradation and end-to-end chromosomal fusion. Most vertebrate telomeric DNA consists of long ( T T A G G G )n repeats of vari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtelomere |
In geometry , an angle subtended (from Latin for "stretched under") by a line segment at an arbitrary vertex is formed by the two rays between the vertex and each endpoint of the segment.
For example, a side of a triangle subtends the opposite angle.
More generally, an angle subtended by an arc of a curve is the angl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtended_angle |
Subterranean fauna refers to animal species that are adapted to live in an underground environment . Troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna. Both are associated with hypogeal habitats – troglofauna is associated with terrestrial subterranean environment ( caves and underground spaces above t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterranean_fauna |
A subterranean river (also known as an underground river ) is a river or watercourse that runs wholly or partly beneath the ground , one where the riverbed does not represent the surface of the Earth. [ 1 ] It is distinct from an aquifer , which may flow like a river but is contained within a permeable layer of rock or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterranean_river |
A subterrene ( Latin : subterrina , Russian : Подземная лодка ) is a vehicle that travels underground (through solid rock or soil) much as a submarine travels underwater, either by mechanical drilling, or by melting its way forward. Subterrenes existed first in fiction as mechanical drillers, [ citation needed ] with r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterrene |
In electronics , a subtractor is a digital circuit that performs subtraction of numbers, and it can be designed using the same approach as that of an adder . The binary subtraction process is summarized below. As with an adder, in the general case of calculations on multi-bit numbers, three bits are involved in perform... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtractor |
A subtropical climate vegetated roof ( SCV roof ) is a type of green building practice that employs a planted soil media installed above a waterproof roof deck to obtain environmental benefits and address sustainability concerns, similar to traditional green roofs located in northern continental United States. Soil med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical_climate_vegetated_roof |
A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic , or necessary to elicit a protective immune response . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, [ 3 ] in which case it is a recombinant subunit va... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subunit_vaccine |
A subvariety (Latin: subvarietas ) in botanical nomenclature is a taxonomic rank . They are rarely used to classify organisms.
Subvariety is ranked:
Subvariety is an infraspecific taxon . [ 1 ]
Its name consists of three parts:
To indicate the subvariety rank, the abbreviation "subvar." is put before the infraspeci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subvariety_(botany) |
A subwoofer (or sub ) is a loudspeaker designed to reproduce low-pitched audio frequencies , known as bass and sub-bass , that are lower in frequency than those which can be (optimally) generated by a woofer . The typical frequency range that is covered by a subwoofer is about 20–200 Hz for consumer products, [ 1 ] bel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subwoofer |
Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is a technique a receiver uses in a wireless data transmission that allows decoding of two or more packets that arrived simultaneously (in a regular system, more packets arriving simultaneously cause a collision).
SIC is achieved by the receiver decoding the stronger signal f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successive_interference_cancellation |
In mathematics , the successor function or successor operation sends a natural number to the next one. The successor function is denoted by S , so S ( n ) = n + 1. For example, S (1) = 2 and S (2) = 3. The successor function is one of the basic components used to build a primitive recursive function .
Successor operat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Successor_function |
Microbial production of Succinic acid can be performed with wild bacteria like Actinobacillus succinogenes , [ 1 ] Mannheimia succiniciproducens and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens or genetically modified Escherichia coli , Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Understanding of the central car... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinic_acid_fermentation |
Succinimidyl 4-( N -maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate ( SMCC ) is a heterobifunctional amine-to-sulfhydryl crosslinker, which contains two reactive groups at opposite ends: N-hydroxysuccinimide -ester and maleimide , reactive with amines and thiols respectively. SMCC is often used in bioconjugation to link prot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinimidyl_4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate |
Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase ( SCS , also known as succinyl-CoA synthetase or succinate thiokinase or succinate-CoA ligase ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of succinyl-CoA to succinate . [ 3 ] The enzyme facilitates the coupling of this reaction to the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate molec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinyl_coenzyme_A_synthetase |
Sucrose esters or sucrose fatty acid esters are a group of non-naturally occurring surfactants chemically synthesized from the esterification of sucrose and fatty acids (or glycerides ). This group of substances is remarkable for the wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) that it covers. The polar sucrose m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sucrose_esters |
Suction is the day-to-day term for the movement of gases or liquids along a pressure gradient with the implication that the movement occurs because the lower pressure pulls the gas or liquid. However, the forces acting in this case do not originate from just the lower pressure side, but also from the side of the higher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction |
Suction caissons (also referred to as suction anchors , suction piles or suction buckets ) are a form of fixed platform anchor in the form of an open bottomed tube embedded in the sediment and sealed at the top while in use so that lifting forces generate a pressure differential that holds the caisson down. They have a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction_caisson |
A suction excavator , or vacuum excavator , is a construction vehicle that removes heavy debris or other materials from a hole on land using vacuuming. Suction excavators are meant to be less destructive than regular excavators . [ 1 ] The suction excavator uses suction fans for the airflow to suck up the material that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction_excavator |
Vacuum filtration is a fast filtration technique used to separate solids from liquids .
By flowing through the aspirator , water will suck out the air contained in the vacuum flask and the Büchner flask . There is therefore a difference in pressure between the exterior and the interior of the flasks : the contents of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suction_filtration |
Suctorial pertains to the adaptation for sucking or suction, [ 1 ] as possessed by marine parasites such as the Cookiecutter shark , [ 2 ] specifically in a specialised lip organ enabling attachment to the host.
Suctorial organs of a different form are possessed by the Solifugae arachnids , enabling the climbing of sm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suctorial |
In the theory of computation , the Sudan function is an example of a function that is recursive , but not primitive recursive . This is also true of the better-known Ackermann function .
In 1926, David Hilbert conjectured that every computable function was primitive recursive. This was refuted by Gabriel Sudan and Wil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_function |
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets [ 1 ] and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudarsky's_gas_giant_classification |
Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome ( SADS ) is a sudden unexpected death of adolescents and adults caused by a cardiac arrest . However, the exact cause of the cardiac arrest, and thus the exact cause of death, is unknown. These deaths occur mainly during sleep or at rest. [ 7 ] One type of conduction defect known as Bru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden_arrhythmic_death_syndrome |
The Suess effect is a change in the ratio of the atmospheric concentrations of heavy isotopes of carbon ( 13 C and 14 C) by the admixture of large amounts of fossil-fuel derived CO 2 , which contains no 14 CO 2 and is depleted in 13 CO 2 relative to CO 2 in the atmosphere and carbon in the upper ocean and the terrestri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suess_effect |
Sufficient similarity is a 20th-century para- legal concept used in the chemical industry for toxicological studies. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term was first employed in a restricted sense to assess surrogacy of chemical mixtures by the EPA , and has descended from there into the scientific argot. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
The concept is som... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufficient_similarity |
In statistics , sufficiency is a property of a statistic computed on a sample dataset in relation to a parametric model of the dataset. A sufficient statistic contains all of the information that the dataset provides about the model parameters. It is closely related to the concepts of an ancillary statistic which conta... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufficient_statistic |
Suffix Tree Clustering , often abbreviated as STC is an approach for clustering that uses suffix trees . [ 1 ] A suffix tree cluster keeps track of all n-grams of any given length to be inserted into a set word string , while simultaneously allowing differing strings to be inserted incrementally in a linear order. This... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffix_tree_clustering |
Sugar signal transduction is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism used by organisms to survive. Sugars have an overwhelming effect on gene expression . In yeast , glucose levels are managed by controlling the mRNA levels of hexose transporters, while in mammals , the response to glucose is more tightly controlled with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_signal_transduction |
Sugars in wine are at the heart of what makes winemaking possible. During the process of fermentation , sugars from wine grapes are broken down and converted by yeast into alcohol ( ethanol ) and carbon dioxide . Grapes accumulate sugars as they grow on the grapevine through the translocation of sucrose molecules that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugars_in_wine |
The Suhua Highway Improvement Project ( Chinese : 蘇花公路改善計畫 ; pinyin : Sū-Huā Gōnglù Gǎishàn Jìhuà ; colloquially 蘇花改, pinyin : Sūhuāgǎi ) was a major highway project in northeast Taiwan to improve and bypass dangerous sections of the Suhua Highway , part of Provincial Highway 9 . [ 1 ]
The Suhua Highway is the main ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhua_Highway_Improvement_Project |
Suksin Lee ( Korean : 이석신 ; Hanja : 李錫申 ; 6 October 1896/7 – 12 December 1944) was a Korean biochemist and physician . He is considered a pioneer of biochemistry in Korea, [ 3 ] having been the first Korean to obtain a Ph.D. and to hold a full-time professorship in that field. [ 4 ] His studies of glucose metabolism a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suksin_Lee |
In biological morphology and anatomy , a sulcus ( pl. : sulci ) is a furrow or fissure ( Latin fissura , pl. : fissurae ). It may be a groove, natural division, deep furrow, elongated cleft, or tear in the surface of a limb or an organ, most notably on the surface of the brain , but also in the lungs , certain muscles... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus_(morphology) |
In organic chemistry , sulfamoyl fluoride is an organic compound having the chemical formula F−SO 2 −N(−R 1 )−R 2 . Its derivatives are called sulfamoyl fluorides .
Examples of sulfamoyl fluorides include:
(S=O)
Sulfamoyl fluorides are contrasted with the sulfonimidoyl fluorides with structure R 1 -S(O)(F)=N-R 2 .
... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfamoyl_fluoride |
Sulfarsazene is a chemical compound with the formula C 18 H 12 AsN 6 Na 3 O 8 S , a metal indicator. [ 1 ]
Sulfarsazene is used as a metal indicator for the spectrophotometric and titrimetric determination of Pb 2+ ions at pH 9.8–10.0 and Zn 2+ at pH 9.3–9.6 (color transition from orange-pink to lemon yellow). [ 2 ] [... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfarsazene |
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms ( SRM ) or sulfate-reducing prokaryotes ( SRP ) are a group composed of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfate-reducing archaea (SRA), both of which can perform anaerobic respiration utilizing sulfate ( SO 2− 4 ) as terminal electron acceptor , reducing it to hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_microorganism |
Sulfate conjugates are a heterogeneous class of polar , anionic organosulfate compounds containing an ester of sulfuric acid . Sulfate conjugates commonly result from the metabolic conjugation of endogenous and exogenous compounds with sulfate (-OSO 3 − ). [ 1 ]
Biosynthesis of sulfate esters requires an activated sul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_conjugate |
Sulfate crust is a zone observed in the axial (central) parts of burning coal dumps and related sites. It is a zone built mainly by anhydrous sulfate minerals, such as godovikovite and millosevichite . The outer zone can easily be hydrated giving rise to minerals like tschermigite and alunogen . The zone forms due to i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfate_crust |
In organosulfur chemistry , sulfenamides (also spelled sulphenamides ) are a class of organosulfur compounds characterized by the general formula R−S−N(−R) 2 , where the R groups are hydrogen , alkyl , or aryl . [ 1 ] Sulfenamides have been used extensively in the vulcanization of rubber using sulfur . They are relate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfenamide |
In organosulfur chemistry , a sulfenyl chloride is a functional group with the connectivity R−S−Cl , where R is alkyl [ 1 ] or aryl . Sulfenyl chlorides are reactive compounds that behave as sources of RS + . They are used in the formation of RS−N and RS−O bonds. According to IUPAC nomenclature they are named as alkyl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfenyl_chloride |
Sulfidation (British spelling also sulphidation ) is a process of installing sulfide ions in a material or molecule. The process is widely used to convert oxides to sulfides but is also related to corrosion and surface modification.
Sulfidation is relevant to the formation of sulfide minerals . [ 1 ]
A large scale ap... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfidation |
Sulfide (also sulphide in British English ) [ 2 ] is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S 2− or a compound containing one or more S 2− ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds , e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide . ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide |
In ecology, sulfide intrusion refers to an excess of sulfide molecules (S 2- ) in the soil that interfere with plant growth, often seagrass . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Seagrass bed sediment (soil) is typically anoxic, containing a reduced form of sulfur: hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). H 2 S is a phytotoxin that results from anaer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide_intrusion |
Sulfide stress cracking ( SSC ) is a form of hydrogen embrittlement which is a cathodic cracking mechanism. It should not be confused with the term stress corrosion cracking which is an anodic cracking mechanism. Susceptible alloys , especially steels , react with hydrogen sulfide ( H 2 S ), forming metal sulfides (MeS... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfide_stress_cracking |
In chemistry , a sulfilimine (or sulfimide ) is a type of chemical compound containing a sulfur -to- nitrogen bond which is often represented as a double bond ( S=N ). In fact, a double bond violates the octet rule , and the bond may be considered a single bond with a formal charge of +1 on the sulfur and a formal char... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfilimine |
In organosulfur chemistry , sulfinamide is a functional group with the structure R−S(O)−NR 2 (where R = alkyl or aryl ). [ 1 ] This functionality is composed of a sulfur - carbon ( S−C ) single bond , a sulfur- nitrogen ( S−N ) single bond , and a sulfur-oxygen (S-O) bond (see Sulfoxide for the nature of this bond). [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfinamide |
Sulfinic acids are oxoacids of sulfur with the structure RSO(OH). In these organosulfur compounds , sulfur is pyramidal . [ 1 ]
Sulfinic acids RSO 2 H are typically more acidic than the corresponding carboxylic acid RCO 2 H. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Sulfur is pyramidal, consequently sulfinic acids are chiral. The free acids are t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfinic_acid |
A sulfite ester (also known as an organosulfite ) is a functional group with the structure (RO)(R'O)SO. They are in principle the esters of sulfurous acid , however as the acid cannot be produced they are in practice made via other routes.
They adopt a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry due to the presence of lone ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfite_ester |
The sulfite process produces wood pulp that is almost pure cellulose fibers by treating wood chips with solutions of sulfite and bisulfite ions. These chemicals cleave the bonds between the cellulose and lignin components of the lignocellulose. A variety of sulfite/bisulfite salts are used, including sodium (Na + ), ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfite_process |
Sulfoglycolysis is a catabolic process in primary metabolism in which sulfoquinovose (6-deoxy-6-sulfonato-glucose) is metabolized to produce energy and carbon-building blocks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Sulfoglycolysis pathways occur in a wide variety of organisms, and enable key steps in the degradation of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglyc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoglycolysis |
Sulfolene , or butadiene sulfone is a cyclic organic chemical with a sulfone functional group . It is a white, odorless, crystalline, indefinitely storable solid, which dissolves in water and many organic solvents. [ 3 ] The compound is used as a source of butadiene . [ 4 ]
Sulfolene is formed by the cheletropic react... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolene |
Sulfolipids are a class of lipids which possess a sulfur -containing functional group . An abundant sulfolipid is sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol , which is composed of a glycoside of sulfoquinovose and diacylglycerol . In plants, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides (SQDG) are important members of the sulfur cycle . [ 1 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolipid |
In organic chemistry , the sulfonamide functional group (also spelled sulphonamide ) is an organosulfur group with the structure R−S(=O) 2 −NR 2 . It consists of a sulfonyl group ( O=S=O ) connected to an amine group ( −NH 2 ). Relatively speaking this group is unreactive . Because of the rigidity of the functional gr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonamide |
In organic chemistry , a sulfonanilide group is a functional group found in certain organosulfur compounds . It possesses the chemical structure R−S(=O) 2 −N(−C 6 H 5 )−R' , and consists of a sulfonamide group ( R−S(=O) 2 −NR'R" ) where one of the two nitrogen substituents (R' or R") is a phenyl group ( C 6 H 5 ). It c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonanilide |
In organosulfur chemistry , a sulfonate is a salt , anion or ester of a sulfonic acid . Its formula is R−S(=O) 2 −O − , containing the functional group − S (= O ) 2 −O − , where R is typically an organyl group , amino group or a halogen atom. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids. Sulfonates are generall... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonate |
In organic chemistry , a sulfone is a organosulfur compound containing a sulfonyl ( R−S(=O) 2 −R’ ) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. The central hexavalent sulfur atom is double-bonded to each of two oxygen atoms and has a single bond to each of two carbon atoms, usually in two separate hydrocarbon substi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfone |
In organic chemistry , sulfonic acid (or sulphonic acid ) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −OH , where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O) 2 (OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide. [ 1 ] As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group . A sulfonic acid ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonic_acid |
In organosulfur chemistry , a sulfonyl group is either a functional group found primarily in sulfones , or a substituent obtained from a sulfonic acid by the removal of the hydroxyl group, similarly to acyl groups . [ 1 ] : 1470–1476
Sulfonyl groups can be written as having the general formula R−S(=O) 2 −R′ , where th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonyl_group |
In chemistry , a sulfonyl halide consists of a sulfonyl ( >S(=O) 2 ) group singly bonded to a halogen atom. They have the general formula RSO 2 X , where X is a halogen. The stability of sulfonyl halides decreases in the order fluorides > chlorides > bromides > iodides , all four types being well known. The sulfonyl c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfonyl_halide |
In biochemistry , sulfotransferases ( SULTs ) are transferase enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group ( R−SO − 3 ) from a donor molecule to an acceptor alcohol ( R−OH ) or amine ( R−NH 2 ). [ 1 ] The most common sulfo group donor is 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). In the case of alcohol as acc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfotransferase |
in chemistry , sulfoxidation refers to two distinct reactions.
In one meaning, sulfoxidation refers to the reaction of alkanes with a mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen . This reaction is employed industrially to produce alkyl sulfonic acids , which are used as surfactants . The reaction requires UV-radiation . [ ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoxidation |
In organic chemistry , a sulfoxide , also called a sulphoxide , is an organosulfur compound containing a sulfinyl ( >SO ) functional group attached to two carbon atoms. It is a polar functional group. Sulfoxides are oxidized derivatives of sulfides . Examples of important sulfoxides are alliin , a precursor to the com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoxide |
Sulfur assimilation is the process by which living organisms incorporate sulfur into their biological molecules. [ 1 ] In plants, sulfate is absorbed by the roots and then transported to the chloroplasts by the transipration stream where the sulfur are reduced to sulfide with the help of a series of enzymatic reactions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_assimilation |
Sulfur concrete , sometimes named thioconcrete or sulfurcrete , is a composite construction material, composed mainly of sulfur and aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate made of gravel or crushed rocks and a fine aggregate such as sand ). Cement and water, important compounds in normal concrete , are not part of sulf... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_concrete |
The sulfur cycle is a biogeochemical cycle in which the sulfur moves between rocks, waterways and living systems. It is important in geology as it affects many minerals and in life because sulfur is an essential element ( CHNOPS ), being a constituent of many proteins and cofactors , and sulfur compounds can be used as... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_cycle |
Sulfur diimides are chemical compounds of the formula S(NR) 2 . Structurally, they are the di imine of sulfur dioxide . The parent member, S(NH) 2 , is of only theoretical interest. Other derivatives where R is an organic group are stable and useful reagents.
A particularly stable derivative is di- t -butyl sulfurdi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_diimide |
Selenium dioxide Polonium dioxide
Sulfur dioxide ( IUPAC -recommended spelling) or sulphur dioxide (traditional Commonwealth English ) is the chemical compound with the formula S O 2 . It is a colorless gas with a pungent smell that is responsible for the odor of burnt matches. It is released naturally by volcanic act... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide |
A sulfur globule is an intracellular, and sometimes extracellular, aggregate used by various sulfur oxidizing bacteria as storage for elemental sulfur . Sulfur globules were first explained in 1887 by Sergei Winogradsky , [ 1 ] and their complete structure and chemical composition has been a debate since then. [ 1 ] Mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_globule |
Esaflon Sulfur(VI) fluoride
Sulfur tetrafluoride
Sulfuryl fluoride Tellurium hexafluoride Polonium hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride or sulphur hexafluoride ( British spelling ) is an inorganic compound with the formula SF 6 . It is a colorless, odorless, non- flammable , and non-toxic gas. SF 6 has an octahedral geo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_hexafluoride |
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry is the study of the distribution of sulfur isotopes in biological and geological materials. In addition to its common isotope, 32 S, sulfur has three rare stable isotopes: 34 S, 36 S, and 33 S. The distribution of these isotopes in the environment is controlled by many biochemical and phy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_isotope_biogeochemistry |
Sulfur mononitride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula SN. It is the sulfur analogue of and isoelectronic to the radical nitric oxide , NO. It was initially detected in 1975, in outer space in giant molecular clouds and later the coma of comets. [ 1 ] This spurred further laboratory studies of the compo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_mononitride |
Sulfur monoxide is an inorganic compound with formula S O . It is only found as a dilute gas phase. When concentrated or condensed, it converts to S 2 O 2 ( disulfur dioxide ). It has been detected in space but is rarely encountered intact otherwise.
The SO molecule has a triplet ground state similar to O 2 and S 2 ,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_monoxide |
Sulfur tetrachloride is an inorganic compound with chemical formula SCl 4 . It has only been obtained as an unstable pale yellow solid. The corresponding SF 4 is a stable, useful reagent.
It is obtained by treating sulfur dichloride with chlorine at 193 K:
It melts with simultaneous decomposition above −20 °C. [ 1 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_tetrachloride |
Sulfur tetrafluoride is a chemical compound with the formula S F 4 . It is a colorless corrosive gas that releases dangerous hydrogen fluoride gas upon exposure to water or moisture. Sulfur tetrafluoride is a useful reagent for the preparation of organofluorine compounds , [ 3 ] some of which are important in the pharm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_tetrafluoride |
Sulfur trifluoride is the inorganic chemical compound with the formula SF 3 . It is a radical . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Sulfur trifluoride is predicted to be pyramidal. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
SF 3 is generated by irradiation of crystals of trifluorosulfonium tetrafluoroborate [SF 3 ] + [BF 4 ] − with gamma rays . [ 1 ]
A derivative forma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_trifluoride |
Sulfur trioxide (alternative spelling sulphur trioxide ) is the chemical compound with the formula SO 3 . It has been described as "unquestionably the most [economically] important sulfur oxide ". [ 1 ] It is prepared on an industrial scale as a precursor to sulfuric acid .
Sulfur trioxide exists in several forms: gas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_trioxide |
Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex is the compound with the formula C 5 H 5 NSO 3 . It is a colourless solid that dissolves in polar organic solvents. It is the adduct formed from the Lewis base pyridine and the Lewis acid sulfur trioxide . The compound is mainly used as a source of sulfur trioxide, for example in the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_trioxide_pyridine_complex |
Sulfur vulcanization is a chemical process for converting natural rubber or related polymers into materials of varying hardness, elasticity, and mechanical durability by heating them with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds. [ 1 ] Sulfur forms cross-linking bridges between sections of polymer chains which affects the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_vulcanization |
Sulfur water (or sulphur water ) is a condition where water is exposed to hydrogen sulfide gas, giving it a distinct "rotten egg" smell. This condition has different purposes in culture varying from health to implications for plumbing.
Sulfur water is made out of dissolved minerals that contain sulfate. These include ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur_water |
Sulfuric acid ( American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name ) or sulphuric acid ( Commonwealth spelling ), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol , is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur , oxygen , and hydrogen , with the molecular formula H 2 SO 4 . It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid |
Sulfuric acid poisoning refers to ingestion of sulfuric acid , found in lead-acid batteries and some metal cleaners, pool cleaners, drain cleaners and anti-rust products.
For superficial injuries, washing ( therapeutic irrigation ) is important. Emergency treatments include protecting the airway, which might involve a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuric_acid_poisoning |
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Sulfurospirillum ( /ˌsʌlfɜːroʊspɪˈrɪlʌm/ SULF-ur-oh-spə-RIHL-um ) is a genus of the gram-negative , aerotolerant , rod-shaped bacteria in the family Campylobactaeraceae . [ 2 ]
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [ 3 ] and National Ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurospirillum |
Sulfuric(IV) acid ( United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid ), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous ) acid and thionic acid , [ citation needed ] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3 .
Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfurous_acid |
In inorganic chemistry , the sulfuryl group is a functional group consisting of a sulfur atom covalently bound to two oxygen atoms ( S(=O) 2 X 2 ).
It occurs in compounds such as sulfuryl chloride , SO 2 Cl 2 and sulfuryl fluoride , SO 2 F 2 .
In organic chemistry , this group is found in sulfones ( RSO 2 R′ ) and su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuryl |
Sulfuryl fluoride (also spelled sulphuryl fluoride ) is an inorganic compound with the formula SO 2 F 2 . It is an easily condensed gas and has properties more similar to sulfur hexafluoride than sulfuryl chloride , being resistant to hydrolysis even up to 150 °C. [ 3 ] It is neurotoxic and a potent greenhouse gas , bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfuryl_fluoride |
The sulfur–iodine cycle (S–I cycle) is a three-step thermochemical cycle used to produce hydrogen .
The S–I cycle consists of three chemical reactions whose net reactant is water and whose net products are hydrogen and oxygen . All other chemicals are recycled. The S–I process requires an efficient source of heat.
Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur–iodine_cycle |
In mathematics , Sullivan conjecture or Sullivan's conjecture on maps from classifying spaces can refer to any of several results and conjectures prompted by homotopy theory work of Dennis Sullivan . A basic theme and motivation concerns the fixed point set in group actions of a finite group G {\displaystyle G} . The m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_conjecture |
The Sullivan reaction is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of cysteine or cystine in proteins. A red colour appears when a protein with cysteine or cystine is heated with sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate ( Folin's reagent ) and sodium dithionite under alkaline conditions. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This was p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_reaction |
A sulphobe is a film composed of formaldehyde and thiocyanates alleged to have lifelike properties. The name is a portmanteau of sulphur microbe . Sulphobes were a subject in the researches of Alfonso L. Herrera , a biologist who studied the origin of life . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This chemistry -related article is a stub . You ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulphobes |
The Sulston score is an equation used in DNA mapping to numerically assess the likelihood that a given "fingerprint" similarity between two DNA clones is merely a result of chance. Used as such, it is a test of statistical significance . That is, low values imply that similarity is significant , suggesting that two DNA... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulston_score |
In chemistry , a sultine is a cyclic ester of a sulfinic acid . This class of organosulfur compounds has few applications. These compounds are typically prepared by the dehydration of hydroxy-sulfinic acids or their equivalent. Illustrative of an alternative route, xylylene dibromide reacts with sodium sulfoxylate (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultine |
Sum-frequency generation ( SFG ) is a second order nonlinear optical process based on the mixing of two input photons at frequencies ω 1 {\displaystyle \omega _{1}} and ω 2 {\displaystyle \omega _{2}} to generate a third photon at frequency ω 3 {\displaystyle \omega _{3}} . [ 1 ] As with any χ ( 2 ) {\displaystyle \chi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum-frequency_generation |
The sum activity of peripheral deiodinases ( G D , also referred to as deiodination capacity , total deiodinase activity or, if calculated from levels of thyroid hormones, as SPINA-GD [ a ] ) is the maximum amount of triiodothyronine produced per time-unit under conditions of substrate saturation. [ 1 ] It is assumed t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum_activity_of_peripheral_deiodinases |
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