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Southeast Asean Rainforest
Photograph by © WWF-Canon/William F. RODENBURG
The Southeast Asian rainforests are the oldest, consistent rainforests on Earth, dating back to the Pleistocene Epoch 70 million years ago. It has a biological richness and diversity unequaled by that of the Amazon or African rainforests. Yet Southeast Asia is losing its rainforests faster than any equatorial region, and has the fewest remaining primary rainforests. It is projected that most of the primary rainforests of Southeast Asia will be destroyed in the next 10 years.
Southeast Asia is a 3,100 mile long chain of about 20,000 islands strung between Asia and Australia. It covers and area of 1,112,000 square miles, almost twice the size of Alaska. The area lies from latitude 20° north and 16° south, and longitude 95° to 105° east. The average daily temperature varies from 70°F to 90°F. Humidity is always high.
Millions of years ago, as the rest of the world went through cooling and warming periods, the climate of the Southeast Asian region remained more or less the same. This was due mainly because of its location on the equator and being surrounded by water. Because the climate on the equator doesn’t change much and the surrounding oceans provide plenty of moisture in the form of rain, the region was able to have consistent forests over very long periods of time. As sea levels rose and fell through warming and icing cycles, small pockets of forests survived as “forest refugia”, or reservoirs of wildlife from which various species could reestablish themselves. Malaysia and the islands of Borneo, Sumatra and Java were all part of the same landmass during the last ice age. When the glaciers melted and sea levels rose many of these reservoirs were cut off from each other. This forced species to developed their own distinctive evolutionary paths in response to local environments, leading to an amazing diversity of species of every kind.
One interesting feature of the lowland rainforests of Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra is the dominance of one family of trees, the Dipterocarpaceae. Dipterocarp are emergent trees and can reach heights of 120 feet. Their crowns are supported on large straight trunks. Many epiphytes, like orchids and ferns grow on the trees. Lianas, vines and strangler figs cling to the trees as they grow towards the sunlight. The emergent species is the tualang (Koompassia excelsa)which can reach heights of 280 feet. It is the 3rd tallest tree species in the world, and is almost never cut down because of its hard wood and massive buttresses. But most importantly it is home to large honey bees (Apis dorsata)whose honeycombs hang like enormous wedges from the underside of its branches. These trees are worth more money when left standing.
Trees and shrubs in the lower canopy have elongated crowns as the leaves reach for light. Shade tolerant species flourish here. Leaves are set at the best angle to receive light. Special swollen joints at the base of the stem, called pulvinus, rotate the leaf to follow the sun.
On the forest floor the soil is shallow with most nutrients close to the surface. Leaf litter and dead trees are quickly consumed and broken down by fungi, insects, and other decomposers. The nutrients decomposition creates are immediately taken up by the biomass of the forest. Because the nutrients are close to the surface, roots don’t grow down very far, and trees have adapted by growing buttressed roots up to 30 ft high, or stilt roots which hang down from their trunks and branches.
There are many mutualistic relationships within the ecosystem of the rainforest. Dawn Bats are the prime pollinators of the durian tree. Each of the hundreds of fig species have their own species of pollinating wasp (Agaoninae spp), without which they would quickly fade into extinction and vise versa. Silvery Gibbons (Hylobates moloch)live their entire lives in the high canopies of the dipterocarp forests, never descending to the ground. Their survival depends on the dipterocarp and fig trees which house and feed them throughout the year. Links within the tropical rainforest ecosystem extend to thousands of plants which support mammals and birds. If a keystone species is eliminated, additional losses will be triggered and create a dominoes effect of extinctions.
Trees don’t flower and come into fruit at the same time in the Southeast Asian rainforest. Some trees only fruit once every three years, some only every ten year. The short nutrient cycle makes it difficult for trees to produce large amounts of fruit at regular intervals. Many trees complete the flowering cycle in only one day, and are only receptive for a few hours during the day or night. Very few trees depend on the wind for pollination since there is little air under the dense canopy. These trees depend on animals and insects to pollinate and disperse their seeds. Emergent trees like the Kapok (Ceiba pentandra), dipterocarps, or Tualang which can grow to heights of 240 ft, can afford to have air-borne seeds. Their crowns grow high above the canopy and are exposed to the winds that blow there.
When seeds drop to the ground they almost always need to germinate in shady conditions. The forest floor is a difficult place to begin life, and many seeds surround themselves with fleshy, aromatic pulp as an immediate source of food. Smell plays an important part of a plant’s life cycle, and many plants will have strong smelling flowers and fruits. The Rafflesia smells like a rotting corps, and the durian fruit smells almost too bad to eat, although it is known as the King of Fruit and tastes delicious. The powerful smell attract animals and insects that eat and disperse the seeds far from their parent tree.
Hundreds of animal and plant species are on the brink of extinction in Southeast Asia. The critically endangered two-horned Sumatran rhinoceros survives in small forest pockets of Sumatra and Borneo. Their entire population is thought to be only 300 to 500 individuals. The Javan rhinoceros has already slipped into extinction. The Sumatran tiger, like its cousin the Javan tiger will soon be extinct as well. The Asian elephant is another large forest herbivore which needs large amounts of forest to survive. Human encroachment and logging are shrinking their habitat to the extent that they can no longer support the elephants. The Malayan tapir is the largest of the 4 species of tapir still alive and no more than 50 animals still live in the wild. Another animal found only on Sumatra and Borneo is the orangutan, or “man of the forest”. They were once found on mainland Asia from Thailand to southern China. They feed mostly on fruit and move through the forest following the fruiting trees. There are thirteen separate species of primates in Borneo’s lowland forests alone. Most have overlapping home ranges but have different diets and foraging methods.
The climate of Southeast Asia is classified as a tropical wet climate in the Köppen climate zone system. The climate is influenced by maritime wind systems which originate in the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It has two monsoon seasons. The northeastern monsoon occurs from October to February and brings heavy rains to the eastern side of the islands. These storms carry the same punch as Atlantic hurricanes but spend much of their energy over the Phillipines. The southwestern monsoon is more powerful and occurs from April to August. Heavy rains saturate the western side of the island chain. Rain shadow effects create dryer but windy conditions on the opposite sides of the islands and the Malaysian peninsula during monsoon seasons. There are two inter-monsoon seasons between the two main monsoon seasons. Southeast Asian rainforests get an average of 79 inches of rain annually.
Any change in the monsoon cycle can have devastating results. In 1992-1993 one of the largest fires ever burned in Kalimantan. Widespread logging had degraded the primary forest and made it prone to fire. The drought brought on by the El Niño of that year created a catastrophe when agricultural fires got out of control. Twentyseven thousand square km burned out of control.
The same events unfolded in 1998. The El Niño of that year created a very weak monsoon season. Thousands of forest fires burned over Malaysia and the Indonesian archipelago, destroying rainforests and the plants and animals within them. A haze of smoke spread for thousands of miles across the region. Untold mutualistic relationships may have been destroyed, keystone species eliminated. It is still unclear what effects the events of 1998 had on the ecosystem of the rainforests. Unfortunately, in the year 2002 another strong El Niño is developing over the Pacific.
Political instability in the Indonesian archipelago has resulted in little law enforcement within protected wildlife areas. In 1992, feeling betrayed by the government of President Suharto, local people took control of the land and began indiscriminate logging and farming in the dipterocarp rainforests. Little regard has been given for the long-term environmental effects, and at the present rate of destruction there will be no primary lowland rainforests remaining in Indonesian Borneo by the next decade.
In Indonesia illegal logging has led to a “biological catastrophe” affecting thousands of plant and animal species and upsetting the natural biologic equilibrium that keeps a rainforest healthy and stable. The mutualism that sustains numerous species has been destabilized and could lead to massive extinctions. For the plants and animals and the myriad species that inhabit the rainforests of Southeast Asia it may be too late and there is no “forest refugia” left from which to replenish their species. Fragmentation of habitats will cause more interaction of animals with humans, and many animals will be killed or captured for the pet trade. Huge numbers of species will become extinct before their role in the rainforest will have become known, and the rainforest ecosystem of Southeast Asia will collapse.
source:http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org
About Rashid Faridi
I am Rashid Aziz Faridi ,Writer, Teacher and a Voracious Reader.
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Severe Peanut Allergies Are on the Rise—Here's What to Know
Peanuts
canacol/Moment/Getty Images
Key Takeaways
• The prevalence of peanut allergies is increasing significantly, and affects both children and adults.
• A new study shows significant and lifelong quality-of-life issues among those with peanut allergies.
• Severe allergies can cause stress, anxiety, and more.
• The reason for a rise in allergy prevalence isn't known yet, but may include genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
Peanuts are one of the most abundant and important food and oil crops on the planet—grown on approximately 42 million acres worldwide, according to data published by Purdue University in 2013. But peanuts are also one of the top food allergens, and according to a recent study published in the journal Allergy, quality of life for individuals suffering from peanut allergies may be getting worse.
Researchers looked at survey results from 1,300 individuals with peanut allergies in eight European countries as part of the APPEAL-1 (Allergy to Peanuts imPacting Emotions And Life) study. They found that both children and adults with peanut allergies experience considerable levels of stress, anxiety, and uncertainty, as do caregivers of those who live with peanut allergies.
In the 30-minute survey, 76% of individuals with peanut allergies were also allergic to other foods, with another 42% suffering from asthma and 50% having allergic rhinitis.
They rated their stress levels as follows:
• 40% reported living with high uncertainty and stress
• 90% reported stress due to peanut allergy (with 40% saying they were "very" frustrated and "very" stressed)
• 36% reported feelings of anxiety
• 30% reported experiencing tension
This follows a 2017 study that estimated 2.5% of children in the U.S. may have a peanut allergy, about a 20% increase from 2010.
"Peanut allergies are absolutely on the rise and have been for the last 30 years, to the point where it almost feels like an epidemic now," says Susan Schuval, MD, division chief of allergy and immunology at Stony Brook Children's Hospital, New York. "We are also seeing a rise in severe reactions, along with other food allergies on top of peanut allergies. That means parents, and even adults, need to be aware that this is a major issue."
Those who live with peanut allergies experience the following symptoms, which range from moderate to severe to deadly:
• Breathing difficulties
• Throat tightness
• Swelling in the tongue, lips, and eyes
Why This Matters
Peanuts are one of the most common foods associated with anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal if left untreated with an epinephrine shot and emergency care.
Beyond the Physical Reactions
Making the effort to plan ahead for potential allergy exposure, especially around food-based events like ordering from a restaurant or going to a family cookout, can be very helpful in reducing frustration for both kids and parents as well as adults with peanut allergy.
In the European APPEAL-1 study, quality of life difficulties cited by respondents included the following:
• 65% report feelings of isolation (avoidance of uncertain social settings is a common tactic)
• 43% report being bullied by their peers at least once because of their allergy
• 71% of parents and caregivers of children with peanut allergies experience high levels of anxiety in situations where food is involved
• General uncertainty around the use of an autoinjector
The prevalence of foods containing peanuts along with the severity of allergic reactions is having a significant impact on the quality lives of those who live with a peanut allergy.
Trying to Determine a Cause
One of the biggest challenges with peanut allergies in both children and adults is that it's difficult to predict who will develop an allergy, especially because some children outgrow the allergy, while others will have it for life. Also, adults who may have been able to eat peanut butter every day for decades can suddenly have an allergic reaction.
Prediction is nearly impossible, in large part because no one knows exactly why peanuts are so problematic, which makes it difficult to understand why prevalence is rising so quickly, says Schuval. There are several theories, though, and many experts believe multiple factors are involved.
For example, Schuval says changes in agricultural practices may play a role, or higher rates of inflammation from eating a Western-style diet that's high in sugar and saturated fat. Another key idea is the "hygiene hypothesis," says Jeffrey Neal, MD, an otolaryngologist at Abingdon Ear, Nose & Throat Associates in Virginia.
"There's an idea that we now have less exposure to viruses and bacterial infection throughout our lives," he says. "Essentially, because we live in more sterile environments with air conditioning and that we're not outside as much, this leaves our immune system unbalanced and predisposes us to allergic reaction. This is true for both adults and children."
Peanuts also contain a unique protein not found in other foods, he adds, and this may set off an aggressive immune response—but like other theories, this also hasn't been proven as a reason for such a big spike in cases.
Despite the uncertainty around potential causes, there are two factors that make kids at higher risk, Schuval says:
1. If one or both parents have a severe peanut allergy
2. The presence of an egg allergy
In those cases, the likelihood of a child having or developing a peanut allergy is serious enough that she suggests being more cautious with introducing peanuts, and getting allergy tests at least yearly.
What Parents Need to Know
Previously, the advice from allergists and pediatricians was to avoid any allergenic foods, including peanuts, until children were at least 3 years old, according to David Stukus, MD, specialist in allergy and immunology in Columbus, Ohio, and advisor to the Asthma & Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA). Then, doctors realized that advice was backfiring.
"Unfortunately, we now have strong evidence demonstrating that avoidance is linked with food allergy development, whereas early introduction along with ongoing inclusion in the diet is an effective prevention strategy for many infants," he says.
Another misconception that's been recently corrected: In the past, women were advised not to eat peanuts during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, due to concerns about food allergies being passed on to their infants. Stukus believes too many mothers were told they had caused the allergies based on what they ate, when there's no evidence of that, he says.
At this point, parents are encouraged to introduce allergenic foods, including peanuts to an infant's diet beginning around four to six months of age, Stukus says, ideally after they can chew and swallow other solids.
"It is also very important to keep these foods in their diet consistently as well," he adds. "This can prevent food allergy from ever developing in many children, and more importantly, it's safe to do as well. We need babies eating a diverse array of foods with different tastes and textures, and help them expand their diet as early as possible."
There's a common misconception that infants are at risk of having a life-threatening allergic reaction the first time eating a peanut, says Stukus. But when babies have food allergy reactions, it most often presents with a sudden onset of rash, hives, or vomiting that occurs within minutes of eating the food. This is the reaction to notice, he advises.
Keep in mind that about 25% of children grow out of the condition, he adds, but the rest tend to be stuck with the allergies for life.
A Word From Verywell
If you or your children are living with peanut or other food allergies, education and planning are of the utmost importance. Know that many people are dealing with this issue, and that there are numerous resources available to help you lead a safe and nutritious life.
"Adjusting for peanut allergies, like all food allergies, can feel overwhelming sometimes, especially since the best treatment is avoidance," says Schuval. "But making a plan for when you go out, shopping carefully, and letting others know about the allergy does go a long way."
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Article Sources
Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.
1. Benedé S, Blázquez AB, Chiang D, Tordesillas L, Berin MC. The rise of food allergy: Environmental factors and emerging treatments. EBioMedicine. 2016;7:27-34. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.012
2. D.H. Putnam, E.S. Oplinger, T.M. Teynor, E.A. Oelke, K.A. Kelling, and J.D. Doll, Peanut, Alternative Field Crops Manual, Purdue University, 2013.
3. Blumchen K, Dunngalvin A, Timmermans F, et al. APPEAL-1: A pan-European survey of patient/caregiver perceptions of peanut allergy management. Allergy. 2020; doi:10.1111/all.14414
4. Gupta R, Warren C, Blumenstock J, Kotowski J, Mittal K, Smith B, The prevalence of childhood food allergy in the United States: an update. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(5). doi:10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.060
5. Sicherer SH, Muñoz-furlong A, Godbold JH, Sampson HA. US prevalence of self-reported peanut, tree nut, and sesame allergy: 11-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(6):1322-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.03.029
6. American College of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology. Peanut Allergy. Updated March 14, 2019.
7. American College of Asthma, Allergy & Immunology. Can a nut allergy develop after the age of 40?.
8. Gaffin JM, Sheehan WJ, Morrill J, et al. Tree nut allergy, egg allergy, and asthma in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011;50(2):133-9. doi:10.1177/0009922810384720
9. Chan ES, Abrams EM, Hildebrand KJ, Watson W. Early introduction of foods to prevent food allergy. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018;14(Suppl 2):57. doi:10.1186/s13223-018-0286-1
10. Ogbogu P. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. How to know a food allergy has been outgrown. December 1, 2017. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Des van Rooyen
David Douglas "Des" van Rooyen (born 20 November 1968) is the former Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs and Minister of Finance of the Republic of South Africa. He took office on 13 December 2015 and was dropped from cabinet on 27 February 2018 by President Cyril Ramaphosa.
Political career
Van Rooyen served as an operative and soldier of the African National Congress's paramilitary force, Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), which was integrated into the South African National Defence Force by 1994. Van Rooyen has also held various leadership positions in labour and student organisations such as the COSAS, Khutsong Student Congress, United Democratic Front and National Union of Mineworkers.
Van Rooyen also held a number of leadership positions in the ANC from 1994 to 2007, during which he was elected as mayor of Merafong City Local Municipality in the central Gauteng province. He has been a National Assembly member since 2009 for Westville Westonaria City. Van Rooyen was the party whip at the National assembly from 2009 to 2014 and the Whip on the Standing Committee on Finance and of the Economic Transformation Cluster of the National Assembly from 2014 to 2015.
Van Rooyen was appointed the Minister of Finance by President Jacob Zuma on 9 December 2015 after the removal of Nhlanhla Nene from the position. Van Rooyen was sworn in the next day, beginning his time in office. The markets reacted extremely negatively to his appointment as the South African rand dropped as much as 5.4 percent against the dollar in a single day. President Jacob Zuma reversed his decision late on 13 December 2015 when he announced that Van Rooyen would switch positions with then Minister of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs, Pravin Gordhan. Van Rooyen and Gordhan took their new positions the next day without swearing in ceremonies as they were both already ministers in the government. Van Rooyen's four-day tenure as Minister of Finance earned him the nickname "Weekend Special" in South African media.
Education
Van Rooyen attended high school at Badirile High in Khutsong, Carletonville. There, he led the student body in a youth movement, which led him to be detained several times before he fled South Africa. He also has a MSc in Finance (Economic Policy) from the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London (2014) and a master's degree in Public Development and Management from the University of the Witwatersrand (2009). He also holds a certificate in investment analysis and portfolio management from UNISA, as well as several other qualifications including Diplomas in Business Management, Municipal Governance, Councillor Development, Municipal Finance, and Economic & Public Finance.
Business interests
According to the Parliament Register of Members' Interests, van Rooyen is partner or director of the following corporations
* Late Bloomer Enterprise
* Muziovulile Mining Projects
* Sukuta Enterprise
* Walinzi Protection Services
* Phambili Services- A Waste Management company established in 1996 in recognition of the growing need for sustainable integrated Waste Management solutions in the Waste Management sector in South Africa.
Private life
Van Rooyen owns a property in Suideroord, Johannesburg. He has personal interests in soccer, golf, tennis, reading and hunting. | WIKI |
Found this as a result of searching the NetBSD mail archives.
When I had an Arch Linux VirtualBox install on my work's laptop I used to occasionally use that in framebuffer only mode, mostly as a novelty, but sometimes when we were running really low on bandwidth at home and so "forcing" myself to use something as low as bandwidth as possible. Not that I use much anyway: on my ye-olde NetBSD laptop I've no choice but to run things quite minimally using dwm and then pretty much just st to ssh into Linode; only occasionally taking advantage of this setup to run Surf or Dillo or look at images on Twitter, but most of the time I'm simply ssh'd into Linode and so it seemed silly to be running X, dwm and st just for that.
I found out that it was really easy to change the "resolution" of the framebuffer for NetBSD wscons, but it was not pretty when ssh'd in. As far as I could tell there isn't anyway to make wscons behave nicely with unicode; it seems that at some point there was something called uwscons being developed, but I don't think it's available any more.
mlterm-fb, however, is great. It was easy to set-up. And as far as customisation goes all I have are Solarized dark colours:
# ~/.mlterm/color
# Solarized dark colours
black=#073642
red=#dc322f
green=#859900
yellow=#b58900
blue=#268bd2
magenta=#d33682
cyan=#2aa198
white=#eee8d5
hl_black=#002b36
hl_red=#cb4b16
hl_green=#586e75
hl_yellow=#657b83
hl_blue=#839496
hl_magenta=#6c71c4
hl_cyan=#93a1a1
hl_white=#fdf6e3
and this to get the foreground and background the right way round with Solarized: (Note: My choice of colours for 'fg_color' and 'bg_color' might not be exactly right for Solarized yet, but it is working well enough for me at the moment; by default mlterm-fb has them reversed which wasn't good at all).
# ~/.mlterm/main
# To work with Solarized dark
fg_color = white
bg_color = black
and efont-unicode (as recommended in the setup):
# ~/.mlterm/font-fb
DEFAULT = /usr/pkg/share/fonts/X11/efont/b14.pcf.gz
It's so much harder for me to waste time now. I should probably find someway of blocking myself from feeds; curse Snownews for still working so well.
Important note to self: if my ssh session hangs, I can no longer just close the terminal. I now need to remember CTRL+~+. (Which is CTRL+SHIFT+~ followed by . on this keyboard; Also CTRL+SHIFT+~ followed by CTRL+Z to suspend; I love Unix).
[EDIT: 2015-04-07] I've got my ssh shortcuts wrong above. I don't know where I got the requiremnent for CTRL from, but actually you need ENTER followed by ~ followed by ., etc. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cefuroxime Axetil
This is a duplicate of the 'Cefuroxime axetil' article. Duplicate text will now be replaced by a forward to that article.--Ernsts (talk) 19:54, 23 July 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Portland Cenotaph
The Portland Cenotaph is a war memorial located on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, England. It is situated at New Ground, looking down to Underhill of the island and overlooking Chesil Beach, as it stands in front of Portland Heights Hotel. The monument is dedicated to the local soldiers who died during both the First and Second World Wars. It has been a Grade II Listed Monument since May 1993.
History
Portland sent upwards of 1000 men to fight during the Great War. In the years following World War I, the local people of Portland expressed their desire to retain the memory of those who made the supreme sacrifice. However, the communities of Underhill and Tophill continually argued that there should be two separate war memorials to honour the dead. In the end, a compromise was reached by placing the memorial where it could be seen by both communities at New Ground.
It was unveiled on 11 November 1926 by ex-Private Crispin – a local ex-soldier who had lost three brothers in the war. The featured title reads "In memory of our glorious dead 1914–1918". After World War II, those who died in the war were recorded underneath those from World War I, with the title "And of those who made the supreme sacrifice in the Second World War 1939–1945". The memorial records 237 Portland soldiers who had died in World War I and lists 108 local soldiers who died in World War II.
The memorial is the place of gathering each year for Remembrance Day, and in 2012, local newspaper Dorset Echo reported that more than 400 people gathered at the war memorial for the Portland Royal British Legion service – one of the biggest crowds ever to attend.
HMS Sidon Memorial and Olympic Rings
Nearby to the memorial is another smaller memorial which was erected in 2005 for the men who died in the explosion of a faulty torpedo on board the submarine HMS Sidon (P259) whilst docked alongside Portland Harbour in 1955. In 2012, a sculpture of the Olympic rings, carved to celebrate the summer's sailing events at Weymouth and Portland, was placed close to the memorials. It had been in Weymouth during the games, greeting passengers at the town's railway station. | WIKI |
Eudaphisia
Eudaphisia is a genus of longhorn beetles found in Asia. It was first identified by Pic in 1926 with the two species, Eudaphisia longicornis and Eudaphisia albonotata, the type species. In 1968, the species Eudaphisia albonotatipennis was identified by Breuning. Individuals have been identified in both Laos and Vietnam. In 1991, Eudaphisia longicornis was recorded in China, but was actually an incorrectly identified Neoserixia sp. | WIKI |
BAD state/State failure with large number of requests
Rolf Grossmann grossman at progtech.net
Thu Sep 28 14:30:54 PDT 2006
Hi,
I'm trying to use pf in a load-balancing setup, but it's giving me touble.
So I have set up a simple test scenario that looks like this (not really
balancing anything ;)):
Client -- Balancer -- Server
10.25.0.100 em0: 10.25.0.41
em1: 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2
On the server I'm running apache (on port 8080) with a static page.
On the Client, I'm running Apache's ab benchmark to generate a lot of requests.
Now, if have a route to 10.1.1.2 and I'm running
ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://10.1.1.2:8080/index.html.en
(i.e. not using the nat/rdr rule, see below) everything works fine.
However, if I'm running
ab -n 10000 -c 100 http://10.25.0.41:8080/index.html.en
it hangs around between 1000 and 3000 requests and on the balancer I
get lots of messages like those:
Sep 28 23:56:56 balancer kernel: pf: BAD state: TCP 10.1.1.2:8080 10.25.0.41:8080 10.25.0.100:52209 [lo=2341692840 high=2341759447 win=33304 modulator=0 wscale=1] [lo=2919421554 high=2919488162 win=33304 modulator=0 wscale=1] 9:9 S seq=2345137961 ack=2919421554 len=0 ackskew=0 pkts=6:5 dir=in,fwd
Sep 28 23:56:56 balancer kernel: pf: State failure on: 1 | 5
(Values for lo, high, seq and ack (obviously) and sometimes pkts are varying.)
I've been searching the 'net and looking at similar reports, but so far
I haven't found any suggestions. I've of course increased the states limit
to handle the number of requests (see ruleset below), however I can't
figure out if it's a bug or a limit or what else I'm running into here.
Anyone, help, please?
Thanks, Rolf.
Here's the pf.conf:
# tables (for load balancing)
table <server> persist { 10.1.1.2 }
table <balanced> persist { 10.25.0.41 }
# options
set optimization conservative
set block-policy drop
set limit states 200000
set debug misc
# load balancing
rdr inet proto tcp to <balanced> port 8080 -> <server> port 8080 round-robin
# filter rules
# we're not trying to be a firewall, so just allow all traffic
pass all
More information about the freebsd-pf mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Jesus of Nazareth the story of His life simply told (1917).djvu/98
When Jesus, therefore, was twelve years old, He accompanied His parents to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Pasch, joining the caravan which was going up from Galilee.
For greater safety against robbers many thousands travelled together, the men and the women in separate companies, the children with either father or mother. As they neared Jerusalem and fell in with other caravans, the concourse of pilgrims grew more and more dense, and in the neighbourhood of the Holy City husbands and wives reunited and finished the journey together.
See Mary and Joseph walking with Jesus between them. There is bustle and noise all around, but they are not distracted; their eyes are ever turned towards Him; their ears catch each sound of His voice. We are told of Him at this age that He advanced in wisdom and grace before God and men; that is, He showed more and more of the wisdom and grace which were perfect in Him from the first. If ordinary neighbours perceived this, how much more Mary and Joseph. Each day He was more beautiful and more winning, more lovable and more loving. The Temple to which they were journeying held nothing so holy as this Child of theirs, this little Pilgrim of twelve, and when from the summit of Mount Olivet the dazzling roof of the Holy Place appeared to view, and a shout of joy broke from every heart, they turned to the Boy between them and worshipped Him with profoundest adoration.
Yet they were glad to go to the Temple, and, during the seven days the Feast lasted, the blessed Three were seen continually at the various services.
The Paschal lamb had to be without blemish; to be slain in the evening and carefully prepared for the sup | WIKI |
Postglacial sequence stratigraphy of Lake Melville, Labrador SCIE SCOPUS
Cited 22 time in WEB OF SCIENCE Cited 0 time in Scopus
Title
Postglacial sequence stratigraphy of Lake Melville, Labrador
Author(s)
Syvitski, JPM; Lee, HJ
Publication Year
1997-11
Abstract
In Lake Melville, Labrador, the Quaternary glacimarine sediments reflect a single retreat phase of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the early Holocene. Based on extensive airgun and high-resolution seismic surveys, sediment deposits are subdivided into thirteen units that are associated with glacial, paraglacial, and postglacial styles of deposition. Their distribution patterns reflect: paleo-positions of a retreating ice margin during the period between 10,000 and 9000 years before present; formation of paraglacial deltas during the early to mid-Holocene (6-9 ka); and postglacial tidal-influenced deposition during the late Holocene (<6 ka). Discontinuous ice-contact sediments (unit 1) are encountered at the base of the lake's stratigraphy, overlain by thickly stacked wedges of morainal (ice-proximal) sediments (units 2 through 7) associated with ice-marginal stillstands and minor retreats and readvances of the ice terminus. Subsequent and rapid retreat of the terminus landward resulted in deposition of ice-distal muds (units 8-10). Once the ice sheet retreated on land, rapid ablation led to meltwater-influenced deltaic sequences with common mass-failure deposits (units 11 and 12) and progradation of the coastline. With the ice sheet fully ablated, postglacial, organic-enriched muds (unit 13) were deposited across much of the marine basin. A sequence stratigraphic model for the generally continuous retreat of an ice margin involves three ice-sheet stages: tidewater, ablation on land, and a fully ablated period. The tidewater stage of the ice sheet is divided further into substages: (1) rapid terminus retreat periods yielding ice-distal, fine-grained sediment, and (2) slower retreat periods involving terminus readvances and localized deposition of coarser ice-proximal sediment. Stages of ice-sheet ablation on land and the fully ablated period correspond with the deposition of paraglacial and postglacial sediments, respectively. These last two stages are characterized by basin-wide sedimentation, in contrast to sediment distribution for the tidewater stage that is largely controlled by basin bathymetry. The proposed model provides an aid to interpreting from seismic records the position and relative speed of ice-margin movement in glaciated coastal basins. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
ISSN
0025-3227
URI
https://sciwatch.kiost.ac.kr/handle/2020.kiost/6363
DOI
10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00090-X
Bibliographic Citation
MARINE GEOLOGY, v.143, no.1-4, pp.55 - 79, 1997
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
Subject
CANADA; SEDIMENT; DEGLACIATION; DEPOSITION; GEOLOGY; RECORD
Keywords
glaciers; seismics; sequence stratigraphy; sediments
Type
Article
Language
English
Document Type
Article
Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
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Rupert Campbell-Black
Rupert Edward Algernon Campbell-Black is a fictional character in the Rutshire Chronicles series of romance novels written by Jilly Cooper. He is the eighth-generation descendant of Rupert Black (who married Miss Campbell). Campbell-Black's first appearance is in the novel Riders, which follows the lives and loves of a group of horse riders and show-jumpers. Although initially portrayed as a brutish, womanizing, adulterous cad, Campbell-Black's character is later somewhat redeemed through his triumphant winning of an Olympic gold medal for Great Britain. His loyalty is also highlighted through his friendships with Billy Lloyd-Foxe, Ricky France-Lynch and Declan O'Hara, as well as his gentle courtship of his second wife Agatha 'Taggie' O'Hara. He has five children: Marcus and Tabitha from his marriage with Helen Macaulay, adopted children Xavier and Bianca with Taggie, and the illegitimate Perdita.
Cooper has acknowledged that the character of Campbell-Black was inspired by David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort, Andrew Parker Bowles, the former husband of Queen Camilla, and Michael Howard, 21st Earl of Suffolk.
In September 2016, Bantam Press published Mount! with the strap line 'Rupert Campbell-Black is back...'.
Appearances
* Riders (1986 novel) and Riders (1993 film)
* Rivals (1988 novel)
* Polo (1991 novel)
* The Man Who Made Husbands Jealous (1993 novel and 1997 television miniseries)
* Appassionata (1996 novel)
* Score! (1999 novel)
* Pandora (2002 novel)
* Wicked! (2006 novel)
* Jump! (2010 novel)
* Mount! (2016 novel)
* Tackle! (2023 novel) | WIKI |
Talk:Suharto/Archives/2006/August
Politics and Dissent
I noticed a POV regarding a sentence in the politics and dissent section of this page. I removed the sentence 'This authoritarianism became an issue in the 1980s. ' due to the bias of such a statement. Were the hundreds of thousands of deaths in 1975-1976 simply not an issue in terms of Suharto's authoritarianism until years later?
— Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSenah (talk • contribs) 06:22, 15 August 2006 (UTC) | WIKI |
User:Pg.ak61/sandbox
2016
Consolation game between Ferris State and BC was decided in a shootout for the tournament, however the game was officially a tie. BC def. Ferris in the shootout 2-1
2014
On Day 1 (December 29), the Colgate Raiders defeated the Western Michigan Broncos 2-1, and the Robert Morris Colonials beat the Penn State Nittany Lions by a margin of 4-2.
On Day 2 (December 30), in the consolation game, the Western Michigan Broncos beat the Penn State Nittany Lions 4-1. In the championship game the Colgate Raiders beat the Robert Morris Colonials 6-1, to win their first title.
2013
On Day 1 (December 27), the Boston College Eagles beat the Bowling Green Falcons 5-0, and the Penn State Nittany Lions beat the Robert Morris Colonials 3-2.
On Day 2 (December 28), in the consolation game the Bowling Green Falcons beat the Robert Morris Colonials 3-2. In the championship game the Boston College Eagles beat the Penn State Nittany Lions 8-2, to win its first title.
2012
On Day 1 (December 28), the Robert Morris Colonials beat Penn State Nittany Lions 6-0, and the Miami RedHawks beat the Ohio State Buckeyes 1-0.
On Day 2 (December 29), in the consolation game, the Penn State beat the Ohio State Buckeyes 5-4. In the championship game, the Robert Morris Colonials beat the Miami RedHawks 1-0, to win their first title.
Recent results
The following table shows the results of the U.S. national team in official test matches during the previous 24 months, as well as upcoming fixtures.
Valley School of Ligonier is an independent preparatory school located in Rector near Ligonier (suburban Pittsburgh). Founded in 1946 as an private day school.
Valley School of Ligonier enrolls approximately two hundred students annually and is a member of the National Association of Independent Schools.
Campus
Valley School of Ligonier campuses is in Ligonier with a total area of 400 acres.
History
Valley School of Ligonier was founded in 1946 by Constance Prosser Mellon and General Richard King Mellon. On September 24, 1947, the doors opened for 43 children. Mrs. Mellon envisioned Valley as a nurturing community where students build their academic skill and learn to become responsible and compassionate adults. She felt that children learn best in small classes with skilled teachers who know and care about each child. She wanted a school with students from diverse backgrounds and she made sure that tuition was moderate and financial aid was available. An athlete, Mrs. Mellon knew the benefits of physical fitness and team play. Hoping children would feel at home in nature, she selected the School's 400 acre wood setting.
Academics
Academic life at Shady Side Academy operates on a trimester system, dividing the year into three thirteen to fourteen-week terms. Classes begin each year before Labor Day with Convocation in late August and finish with Commencement exercises in early June. Second Term begins in late November, and Third Term begins in early April. At the Senior School, regular classes begin each day at 8:15 a.m. and end at 3:00 p.m., punctuated by a late-morning assembly period. All-school assemblies take place every Monday and Friday in the Hillman Center's Rauh Theater, and every Wednesday students meet with their advisory groups. The academic day is divided into six periods filled with at least five classes, a lunch period, and intermittent free periods. Athletic practices follow the school day from 3:45 p.m. to late afternoon. Class periods are determined by an eight-day rotating schedule.
Each term students enroll in a minimum of five classes, both year-long courses and one-term electives, taught by seven academic departments—Arts, Computer Science, English, History, Mathematics, Science, and World Languages. Many departments, particularly the English and History Departments, make extensive use of the Harkness table, as the majority of rooms in Rowe have large, oval tables. This is a teaching style similar to the Socratic method. Students receive midterm grade reports during the year's first term and subsequently at the conclusion of each term, followed by a cumulative grade report at the end of the year. The grade for each class has three parts—a letter grade, an effort grade, and a paragraph of written remarks. The quality grade, assigned on the A+ (4.3333) to F (0.0) scale, is used to calculate the student's GPA. Effort grades for each class consist of a number from 5, indicating "exemplary effort," to 1, indicating "unacceptable effort." Effort grades of 2—"inconsistent effort"— or below result in a student's placement on Academic Warning and likely an interim report to the student's parents. The Academy uses the student's GPA and effort grades each term and at the end of the year to award academic Year and Term Honors, ranging from "Honors" (B+ average) to "Highest Honors" (A average), as well as other school and departmental prizes. Established in 1929, Shady Side Academy's chapter of the Cum Laude Society elects members from the top fifth of the graduating class based on academic performance in the junior year and in the first two terms of the senior year.
Academic and Personal Counseling
The Senior School campus offers college, academic, and personal counseling through a variety of resources. Every upperform student is assigned a personal college counselor to navigate the college applications process. College counselors help students write applications and choose between offers of admission through regular meetings in the Kassling College Counseling Center in Rowe Hall. Every student graduating from Shady Side proceeds to study at a four-year college or university. The Academy's advisory program also provides every student with a year-long academic advisor. Students are assigned a new advisor specific to their form for each academic year, and each advisor supervises an advisory group of approximately 5 to 6 students. Advisory groups meet as a homeroom once each week, usually to share a midday snack and read the week's announcements, and sit together at least twice a week in all-school assemblies. Each student also meets individually with their advisor during a free period to discuss their academic life and any academic difficulties they may be having. Advisors meet with their advisees' parents twice every year, and write reports summarizing their advisees' academic and personal progress—which form one part of each student's grade report—at the end of each term. An on-campus personal counselor is also available.
Academic and personal counseling is offered at the Middle School. Students are assigned an advisor and meet in homerooms regularly, as well as in weekly all-school assemblies. Each term a conference with the student, parent(s) and advisor is held to discuss the student's progress, achievements and challenges.
The Junior School provides personal counseling, as well as academic counseling in reading, math and overall learning support. All-school assemblies are held weekly. Each student has at least one opportunity per academic year to speak in front of the school at these assemblies starting in Pre-Kindergarten. This provides early experience in public speaking and helps students, at a young age, to overcome fear associated with speaking on front of a large group of people in a supportive, non-judgmental environment. Fifth grade students, in preparation for the Middle School, serve as leaders in the school, giving tours to prospective families, assisting students getting on and off the bus in the morning and afternoon, and leading assemblies. These additional responsibilities help prepare them for the transition to the Middle School.
Financial aid
Shady Side has a financial aid program. In 2013, over $2.8 million in need-based financial aid was distributed to 159 students.
Boarding program and residential life
Boarding at Shady Side Academy dates back to the school's relocation from the Shadyside neighborhood in the 1920s. The number of boarding students living on campus and the number of buildings serving as dormitories have fluctuated over the Academy's history. Four buildings on the Senior School campus—Bayard House (1924), Croft House (1931), Ellsworth House (1922) (now Hunt Hall), and Morewood House (1922)—all served as residence halls at one point in the school's history. The names of Bayard, Morewood, and Ellsworth Houses reference the names of three out of the four streets encircling the site of the Academy's original campus, now the site of the Winchester Thurston School. At one time nearly 200 students, both Senior and Middle School students, boarded full-time in a seven-day boarding program. In the 1960s the Academy transitioned to housing Senior School students in a five-day boarding program, one of six schools nationwide to offer such a program to its students. Because students spend weekends at home, boarders almost always came from the three-state area of eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania, and northern West Virginia. In the fall of 2014, the Academy announced it would start offering a seven-day boarding option beginning in 2015, in addition to its current five-day boarding program. Shady Side's boarding program now hosts approximately fifty students every year in two residence halls—Croft House, the boys' dormitory, and Morewood House, the girls' dormitory. The Academy also houses residential faculty representing almost every academic department, both in apartments in the dormitories and in homes on the Senior and Middle School campuses.
Extracurricular activities
Student-run clubs at Shady Side exist as collaborations between a group of students and a sponsoring faculty member. Numerous language clubs exist both in collaboration with language programs offered by the World Languages Department, such as the German, Spanish, and French clubs, and for languages not taught at Shady Side, such as the Italian Club. Nationality clubs, such as the Jewish Student Union and Black Student Union, celebrate various global cultures and often present performances during the Academy's annual GlobalFest week. There are also many established service and philanthropic clubs, such as Service Learning and Meals on Wheels. There are also religious clubs, activist clubs, academic competition teams, student government organizations, performance groups, departmental programs such as the peer-tutoring Scribe Office for writing, and publications.
Academic
Shady Side participates in Model United Nations conferences, National Academic Quiz Tournaments and other quiz bowl competitions, the Western Pennsylvania Math League, Science Olympiad, North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad, National Science Bowl, and forensics competitions, principally in the National Forensics League. The Academy has sent also sent a team annually to the Pittsburgh Regional event of the FIRST Robotics Competition since 2008. In 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2007, Shady Side was the season champion of Pittsburgh-based game show Hometown High-Q. At the 2006 NAQT Nationals, the team finished 5th overall. Shady Side Academy's Speech and Debate team competes principally in the National Forensics League, but also regularly sends students to the National Catholic Forensics League and the Pennsylvania High School Speech League. The Shady Side Academy Speech and Debate team is coached by Mary Krauland, who has won multiple coaching awards, and Sherri Hallgren assists with speech competitors.
In 2004, Shady Side Middle School placed third in the nation at the National Science Olympiad Tournament at Juniata College, a tournament with over fifty schools from all around the nation. They did this after placing 1st at both the Regional and State Science Olympiad Tournament, which earned them a position in the National tournament. In 2005, the team also placed 1st in the Regional and State Science Olympiad Tournaments, which got them into the National Tournament again, this time held in the University of Illinois. The team placed ninth at the national tournament. In the 2007 State Tournament, Shady Side's team placed second, as runners up to Sewickley Academy, once again securing a place in the 2007 National Science Olympiad Tournament in Wichita, Kansas. Also, in 2009 the Middle School team placed second in the state tournament at Juniata College. They later went on to place 20th in the nation at Augusta State University in Georgia, in which 60 teams participated in. In 2011 the Middle School team returned to Nationals at Madison, Wisconsin, placing 18th in the nation. In 2012, the team placed 26th at the national competition held at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. In 2013, the Middle School team won the Pennsylvania State Tournament for the second year in a row, and they went on to place 11th, missing 10th place by just one point, at Nationals at Wright State University. They won for the third consecutive year in 2014, going on to place 14th at Nationals.
The Pittsburgh Japanese School (ピッツバーグ日本語補習授業校 Pittsubāgu Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a weekend supplementary Japanese school, uses the middle school facilities of Shady Side Academy. The school, established in 1993, originated from a group of parents starting a Japanese class system in 1977.
Arts, theater, and music
Since 2003 Shady Side has sponsored a benefit concert called "Untucked"—an homage to the school dress code, which, before 2004, required all shirts to be tucked in. Members of the Untucked Committee include students selected annually from a competitive applicant pool and a member of the faculty. Recent bands to appear at Untucked include Rusted Root, The Clarks, Robert Randolph and the Family Band, Better than Ezra and Sister Hazel. Untucked is usually held at the end of the year in the Roy McKnight Hockey Center and includes food and carnival games.
Shady Side Academy's main theater, the 650-seat Richard E. Rauh Theater, is named after local teacher, actor and arts patron Richard Rauh. It resides in the newly constructed Hillman Center for Performing Arts on the Senior School campus. There is also a blackbox theater (The Kountz Theater), which holds many smaller productions, such as the annual Fall Play and the Spring Original Works Theatre Festival. Recent theater performances include: Grease, An Enemy of the People, West Side Story, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Music Man, Romeo and Juliet, Kiss Me, Kate, and The Importance of Being Earnest. The debut musical in the Hillman Center for the Performing Arts was Oliver! which took place in the spring of 2005, starring Danielle Papincak (Nancy, Class of '05) and Bernard Balbot (Fagin, Class of '05). In 2006, the Academy launched the Hillman Performing Arts Series with the Golden Dragon Acrobats, River City Brass Band, and Pittsburgh Ballet Theatre.
Publications
The Academy's campus newspaper, the Shady Side News, is written and produced by an editorial staff of Senior School students and releases five issues each academic year. It contains campus news, commentary, political opinion, and photographs. The Academian, the Shady Side Academy yearbook, has been published annually since the time of the school's founding by a committee of student editors. The Egerian, the school's literary magazine, publishes student-written prose and poetry at the end of each academic year. Established in 1928, it is released exclusively online by a committee of student editors, and is available at Angles, the school's other literary magazine, collects the best of student-written nonfiction and also publishes—in print—at the end of every year. A science magazine, SSA Frontiers of Science, helps to relay to the community significant scientific advances; it is produced once per term under the leadership of a student committee. The Forum, a collaboration between the Senior School History Department and a committee of student editors, contains political commentary and policy analysis.
Athletics
Fall
* Girls 5th/6th Field hockey
* Girls JV Field hockey
* Girls Varsity Field hockey
* Boys 4th/5th soccer
* Boys 5th/6th soccer
* Boys JV soccer
* Boys Varsity soccer
Winter
* Boys 5th/6th Green/Gold basketball
* Boys 5th/6th Travel basketball
* Boys JV basketball
* Boys Varsity basketball
* Girls 5th/6th Green/Gold basketball
* Girls 5th/6th Travel basketball
* Girls JV basketball
* Girls Varsity basketball
Spring
* Boys 4th/5th lacrosse
* Boys JV lacrosse
* Boys Varsity lacrosse
* Girls 4th/5th lacrosse
* Girls JV lacrosse
* Girls Varsity lacrosse | WIKI |
Sadako Yamamura
Sadako Yamamura (山村 貞子), reimagined as Park Eun-seo and Samara Morgan for their respective adaptations, is the main antagonist of Koji Suzuki's Ring novel series and the film franchise of the same name. Sadako's fictional history alternates between continuities, but all depict her as the vengeful ghost of a psychic who was murdered and thrown into a well. As a ghost, she uses nensha, her most distinctive power and weapon, to create a cursed video tape. Whoever watches the tape will die exactly one week later unless the tape is copied and shown to another person, who must then repeat the same process.
Sadako Yamamura has been played by a number of actresses in films, including Rie Inō in Ring and Ring 2, Hinako Saeki in Rasen, Yukie Nakama in Ring 0: Birthday, Ayane Miura in Ring: Kanzenban, Tae Kimura in Ring: The Final Chapter and Rasen, and Ai Hashimoto in Sadako 3D. Foreign adaptations renamed the character, with Bae Doona portraying Park Eun-suh in the South Korean film The Ring Virus, and Daveigh Chase portraying Samara Morgan in the American films The Ring; Bonnie Morgan would later take over the role in Rings. The character also appears in Kōji Shiraishi's 2016 crossover film Sadako vs. Kayako portrayed by Elly Nanami, alongside Ju-On and The Grudge antagonist Kayako Saeki, both serving as principle inspirations for the webtoon series Erma.
Novel series
Sadako was born in 1947 to Shizuko Yamamura and Dr. Heihachiro Ikuma in Oshima Island. The year before, Shizuko gained psychic powers after retrieving an ancient statuette of En no Ozuno from the ocean. Shizuko also gave birth to a baby boy, but he died four months later due to an illness. Planning to move to Tokyo with Ikuma, she entrusted her mother to take care of baby Sadako. At Ikuma's encouragement, Shizuko displayed her psychic powers during a publicized demonstration. However, Shizuko bowed out of the demonstration due to migraines brought on by her powers. The press denounced Shizuko as a fraud because of this. Depressed, Shizuko eventually returned to Oshima Island and committed suicide by jumping into Mount Mihara. Meanwhile, Ikuma attempted to unlock psychic powers of his own by meditating beneath a waterfall, which ended up causing him to contract tuberculosis, requiring him to recuperate in a sanatorium in the Izu Peninsula, leaving Sadako to be raised by Shizuko's relatives. Like her mother, Sadako was a powerful psychic; whereas Shizuko could only burn images onto paper, Sadako could also project images into electronic media, such as TV.
At the age of nineteen, Sadako joins a Tokyo-based acting troupe. As revealed in the short story Lemon Heart, she falls in love with the sound operator, Hiroshi Toyama. He learns of her powers, but he accepts them. However, an early form of the curse is created in the form of a sound recording that kills four people, including the troupe's director, resulting in a heartbroken Sadako leaving Toyama. Eventually, Sadako visits Ikuma in the Izu sanatorium, only to be raped by a doctor named Jotaro Nagao, who is unknowingly infected with smallpox. During the assault, he discovers that Sadako has testicular feminization syndrome, and has the genitalia of both sexes. Sadako bites him on the shoulder, causing her to be infected by the smallpox virus that Nagao contracted. Finally, Nagao throws her down a nearby well and seals her within. Foreseeing herself being reborn years later, Sadako vows revenge on the world before she dies. Her psychic powers mutate the smallpox virus into a new strain of virus, called the "ring virus", one that causes anyone who contracts it to die, seemingly of fright, within a week.
By Ring, in 1991, the Izu sanatorium, including the well that Sadako was thrown into, has been rebuilt into a mountain resort. The well is located right below a TV screen of one of the resort's cabins. When a vacationing family forgets to bring home their videotape after one night, Sadako projects the new virus onto the TV screen, taking the form of a video, and the VCR records it into the tape. The next visitor at the cabin, 17-year-old Tomoko Oishi, inadvertently discovers and watches the tape, leading Sadako to kill her. Tomoko's uncle, journalist Kazuyuki Asakawa, begins investigating her death and watches the tape, leading to him being cursed by Sadako. He learns about Sadako's origin and writes a journal detailing his investigation.
As revealed in Spiral, the ring virus originally had an escape clause that allowed it to propagate itself, but Tomoko and her friends, not believing any of it, mischievously overwrote the part where the tape gave the solution as a prank. As a result, the virus had no means to inform its viewers on how to multiply itself, so it mutated when the next viewer of the tape, Kazuyuki, watched it and copied it for his friend, Ryuji Takayama. Two strains then emerged: a ring-shaped one, which would invariably kill its viewers within a week, and a spermatozoon-shaped one, which would lay dormant within the viewers unless they were ovulating women, whose ovum would be infected by the virus and transformed into a Sadako clone. This was because Sadako wanted to be reborn, something she could not biologically do because she was intersex. Finally, though the original tape and its copies had been disposed of by the events of Spiral, the virus found its way into a new media: Kazuyuki's journal, which his brother published after his death in a car accident. Kazuyuki's survival was actually not because he copied the tape for Ryuji, but rather because he unwittingly helped the virus propagate. This was why Kazuyuki survived where his wife and daughter, who also copied the tape per his instruction, did not.
The dormant virus infects the ovulating Mai Takano when she watches the tape, causing her to give birth to a Sadako clone who assumes the name Masako. She is described as a "complete hermaphrodite" as she has fully functional male and female reproductive organs. After her identity is revealed, Sadako tells Mitsuo Ando that she made a deal with Ryuji: in exchange for his resurrection, he would help her be reborn, something he did when he attracted Ando into the case. She then blackmails Ando: in exchange for not activating the dormant ring virus that he contracted when he read Kazuyuki's journal, he would refrain from stopping it from being published. As an incentive, Sadako, who has the ability to clone a person by implanting their genes into her, will birth his deceased son, Takanori, back to life. Realizing that Sadako would win no matter what he does, Ando reluctantly cooperates.
In the third novel, Loop, which revealed that the events of the previous two books were set in a virtual reality called LOOP, it is stated that the ring virus unwittingly escapes into the real world after its creators clone Ryuji, who is dying from the virus. The virus separates from Ryuji and mutates with a bacterium, creating a highly dangerous cancer called the Metastatic Human Cancer (MHC), which threatens all life. The cloned Ryuji, who is raised as Kaoru Futami and has no memories of his life in LOOP, eventually has to reenter the virtual reality to get the cure for both the ring virus and the MHC. In the short story "Happy Birthday", Kaoru finds a cure that neutralizes all clones in the virtual reality, causing both himself and the Sadako clones to rapidly age and die within a matter of years.
The fifth novel, S, reveals that Masako was impregnated by Ryuji and gave birth to a girl named Akane Maruyama. Akane, unlike the Sadako clones, does not inherit the defective genes that had imperiled the clones, including Masako, who dies a few years after she is born. Meanwhile, Ryuji tries to stop the ring virus from propagating through Kazuyuki's journal but relents to allow four Sadako clones to continue existing, thinking that they have short lives and therefore pose no threat. However, the clones are killed off one by one by Ryuji's student Hiroyuki Niimura, who feels it is his duty to destroy Sadako once and for all.
Manga series
In Sadako-san and Sadako-chan, set after the 2019 film Sadako, Sadako seeks to move on from her tragic past and spread the curse via videotape by navigating the modern era of YouTube and social media with a young girl known as "Little Sadako", a reincarnation of herself. Little Sadako, a young child and fledging YouTuber who spends all day in a small closet at her mother's request, befriends Sadako when she arrives seven days after watching her tape and not being afraid of her, creating a joint YouTube channel with her dubbed "Twodako".
In the post-apocalyptic Sadako at the End of the World, Sadako is summoned after two young girls watch her videotape to find that an apocalypse has occurred since she was last summoned, and that the two girls are apparently the last humans alive. Conflicted over what to do when the girls' seven-day period is up, Sadako assists the pair in searching the world for more victims for her under the guise of friendship, as the trio's growing bond increases the possibility of Sadako herself finding peace and her curse being broken. Ultimately, after killing the last hairdresser on the planet after having their hair done and meeting with Okiku, Sadako reluctantly elects to take both girls' lives on the seventh day, ending her own curse and reuniting with them in the afterlife.
Film series
Her past is portrayed differently in the film series. In this continuity, Sadako is not the biological child of Dr. Ikuma and Shizuko but is implied to be the result of sexual intercourse between Shizuko and an enigmatic sea demon after Shizuko spent hours staring at and talking to the ocean. Shizuko's brother Takashi later learns of her psychic prediction of Mount Mihara's eruption and tells everyone about it, making her an instant celebrity. Dr. Ikuma, eager to prove the existence of ESP, encouraged her to participate in a demonstration at Tokyo. During the demonstration, Shizuko was successfully able to prove her psychic abilities but a spiteful journalist, Miyaji, accused Shizuko of being a fraud, inciting other journalists to join in the slanderous uproar. Sadako, who watched from backstage, snapped and killed Miyaji, to stand up for her mother.
Sadako eventually split into identical twins, one good and innocent, and the other wrathful and destructive. After Shizuko committed suicide, Ikuma moved to Izu with the twins. The good Sadako grew into an adult and became an actress, while the evil twin was locked up by Ikuma and drugged to stunt her growth. Akiko Miyaji, the fiancé of the journalist whom Sadako killed, leads an angry mob to kill the evil Sadako, only for the twins to merge into one and slaughter her tormentors. Ikuma then wounded and threw Sadako down the well behind his house. Sadako survived within for 30 years, dying shortly before the events of Ring, creating the cursed videotape.
At the end of the Sadako 3D 2, it is revealed that Sadako has a daughter, who is briefly described as "the seed of despair, growing, and ready to bloom".
Sadako appears in the crossover film Sadako vs. Kayako, encountering Kayako Saeki, the antagonist of the Ju-On films. Sadako's cursed videotape, in this version, is reduced to a two-day deadline instead of the traditional seven days. She is also shown to be much stronger and more violent this time, forcing people who try to hinder her curse or escape to kill themselves in brutal ways. The two ghosts battle each other to kill two women who are under both of their respective curses, they are lured to an old well with the help of psychics Keizo Tokiwa and Tamao in an attempt to destroy them both. However, it ends up causing the two ghosts to fuse into a huge, monstrous entity called Sadakaya. Furthermore, prior to the battle and subsequent fusion, Sadako's curse is inadvertently transferred from the cursed videotape to the Internet, potentially unleashing it upon the entire world.
Appearance
Sadako appears as a young woman whose face is hidden under her long black hair, and she wears a white dress that has water stains on it that is also frayed at the end. This appearance is typical of yūrei. Specifically, Sadako is a type of yūrei known as an onryō, bound by a desire for vengeance. In Sadako 3D, Sadako appears as her human self while still displaying traits of an onryō, in addition to the standard yūrei appearance. Ring: Kanzenban was the only rendition that differs from a traditional yūrei appearance. She is shown similarly as a young woman, yet her hair barely covers her face, and is frequently portrayed nude as opposed to a white garment. Sadako is also an amalgamation of two famous Japanese ghosts, Oiwa and Okiku. From Oiwa, Sadako takes the single, misshapen eye. From Okiku, the style of murder, of being thrown down a well and then having the ghost rise from the well to seek vengeance.
The success of the 1998 film Ring brought the image of the yūrei to western popular culture for the first time, although the image has existed in Japan for centuries. This image is often used in J-Horror films, such as Ju-on (and its remake The Grudge), One Missed Call and Dark Water.
In the original Japanese film, Sadako's face is never seen aside from her one-eyed glare, employing the fear of the unknown. In Ringu 2, her skull is sculpted over with forensic clay in an attempt to reproduce her face. The Western remakes show Samara Morgan's face clearly.
Sadako is also based on the life of early-20th century psychic Sadako Takahashi, an apparent practitioner of nensha, the art of projecting images onto film by thought alone. In 1931 Takahashi was studied by psychologist Tomokichi Fukurai for his book, Clairvoyance and Thoughtography. Fukurai also worked with psychic Chizuko Mifune, who inspired the backstory of Sadako and her mother Shizuko.
In 2022, she appears as a playable character in Dead by Daylight, and cameoed in Erma (a webtoon loosely inspired by Ju-On and The Ring).
Powers
Sadako has a variety of psychic powers throughout all the Ring cycle books and films. The most famous is her ability to create the "cursed" video tape.
Videotape
In the films her method of killing with the video curse is not explained, but when someone is killed by it she is seen climbing out of a nearby surface, often a television screen, and approaching them. The corpses are discovered with looks of unearthly anguish on their faces.
In Spiral, the curse is explained in detail and is discovered to be a virus. When someone watches the cursed tape (or something else carrying the curse) some of their DNA is changed to become that of the Ring Virus (a hybrid of Sadako's DNA and that of the smallpox virus). This travels throughout their body and in most cases causes a sarcoma to form on one of the arteries of their heart. If the curse has not been appeased within seven days, the sarcoma detaches from the artery and clogs it, causing heart failure. Eventually, however, the virus is able to infect people through means other than videotapes, such as a report detailing the events of Ring written by Kazuyuki Asakawa in which the virus had entered from Asakawa's body, a novel version of the report was published by Asakawa's brother, a movie based on the novel (which Sadako was cast as herself in), and finally the Metastatic Human Cancer virus that appears in the third novel, Loop.
Each version of the video tape contains disturbing imagery. The novel version features messages at the start and end of the tape, though the method to removing the curse was recorded over. Most of the footage is from Sadako's perspective, including being sexually assaulted by Nagao Jotaro. The films' incarnation has more abstract imagery, and features an enigmatic figure whose face is obscured by a towel, pointing out to something off-screen. He is collectively referred to as the "Towel Man", and is speculated to symbolize Sadako's unknown, possibly otherworldly biological father. He appears in Ring, directing Reiko to Yoichi watching the tape, and later points out the copy she made of the tape, implying he may actually be Ryuji Takayama following his death. The final shot of the tape is of the well, which extends with each viewing, until the deadline of the curse where Sadako emerges from the well and then crawls out of the nearest reflective surface to kill her victim.
An alternate version of the tape was featured in Ring: The Final Chapter, portrayed as being recorded during pop singer Nao Matsuzaki's music video, and the deadline for the curse was extended to thirteen days. The American film incarnation is probably the longest, and mostly consists of abstract imagery or exaggerated visions that Samara Morgan has seen, but still adapts a lot from the Japanese version including the infamous final sequence where Samara emerges from television to kill her victims.
Park Eun-Suh
Sadako was the source for the character Park Eun-Suh in Korean remake film The Ring Virus (1999), portrayed by Korean actress Bae Doona.
Park Eun-Suh more closely resembles the Sadako from the novels. She appears to be about the same age as Sadako, though her age is never confirmed; she is only said to have disappeared after high school. She and her mother both had supernatural powers (similar to Sadako and Shizuko) and were rumored to be witches. After Eun-Suh's mother throws herself off a cliff into the sea, Eun-Suh's powers mysteriously disappear. As she grows older, she works at a nightclub under the name "Sunny Park". Her powers return. She is able to turn on an unplugged TV and murders a man with her abilities after she catches him peeping on her showering.
Eun-Suh is raped by her half-brother shortly before her death, during which he discovers that she is a hermaphrodite. She is ashamed and telepathically threatens him. Horrified, he chokes her unconscious and drops her in a nearby well at the Sanitarium he was staying at for smallpox.
Samara Morgan
Sadako was the main influence on Samara Morgan from the 2002 American remake, The Ring and its sequels, The Ring Two and Rings. She was played by Daveigh Chase, Kelly Stables and Bonnie Morgan, respectively. Samara Morgan is depicted as an otherworldly little girl, responsible for the creation of the cursed videotape from the American version of the Ring story. Her usual appearance is of a girl with long, dark hair covering her face and wearing a white dress. Samara possesses the power of nensha like Sadako, capable of burning images onto surfaces and into the minds of others. Unlike Sadako, Samara psychically disfigures her victims' faces before they finally die of a heart attack.
Samara's history is covered through the American films. The Ring states that Anna and Richard Morgan (Shannon Cochran and Brian Cox), who own a horse ranch on Moesko Island, Washington, claimed to have adopted Samara from unknown parents on the mainland after numerous unsuccessful attempts to have a child on their own. As Samara grows older, her powers burn horrible images into Anna's mind, nearly driving her insane. Richard banishes Samara to live in the ranch's barn, but she uses her powers to drive Anna's beloved horses to suicide after they "kept her up at night". At some point, Samara is taken to a psychiatric hospital but the doctors are unable to explain her powers. During a family vacation on Shelter Mountain, Anna attacks Samara as she stands before an old well, suffocating her with a garbage bag and then dropping her down the well. Anna then commits suicide by jumping off a cliff. However, Samara clings to life for seven days alone in the well before dying from a combination of starvation and hypothermia. Eventually, a set of rental cabins are built near the well, one on top of it. This allows Samara to project her visions into a VCR tape, creating the seven-day curse. Samara's curse kills Katie (Amber Tamblyn), the niece of journalist Rachel Keller (Naomi Watts), who investigates the tape's origins. Rachel, her ex-boyfriend Noah Clay (Martin Henderson) and their son Aidan (David Dorfman) all watch the video. Rachel meets Richard, who warns her to stay away and then kills himself via electrocution. Rachel and Noah eventually find Samara's corpse in the well and bury it. This however does nothing to appease Samara as hoped by Rachel and Noah and she kills Noah as per the rules of the curse. Rachel destroys the original videocassette in a fit of rage but uses a copied version of the video to continue the curse in order to save Aidan.
The Ring Two expands upon Samara's backstory: her mother, a woman named Evelyn (portrayed by Mary Elizabeth Winstead in her youth and by Sissy Spacek as an older woman), believed that her daughter had a demon inside her and tried to drown the girl, but she was prevented by nuns. Evelyn is sent to an insane asylum, while Samara was put up for adoption. In the film's present timeline, Samara deliberately manipulates the tape to get back to Rachel, having decided to make Rachel her new mother. After Rachel burns the tape, Samara possesses Aidan. Rachel drugs Samara and then nearly drowns Aidan to exorcise her. Samara retreats into a television set, and Rachel allows herself to be pulled into Samara's visionary world and down the well. Rachel climbs out of the well with Samara pursuing her, but Rachel covers the seal on the well just in time.
In Rings, the film expands further back on Evelyn's backstory. Evelyn (Kayli Carter) was kidnapped by a local priest, Galen Burke (Vincent D'Onofrio), who raped and impregnated her, which led to Samara's conception during Evelyn's captivity. Years after his daughter's death, Burke sealed Samara's remains in a wall of his house at some point after the events of the first film, knowing her spirit would still plague those who have encountered her. He also blinded himself so Samara could not kill him. Samara has been looking for a compassionate host in order to be reborn, which she finds in a teenage girl named Julia (Matilda Lutz). Burke tries to kill Julia, but Samara rises out of Julia's iPhone, restores Burke's sight, and kills him. After the cremation of her remains, Samara's spirit now resides in Julia. In the film's closing scenes, Samara's video begins spreading online and goes viral.
Portrayals
A number of actresses have portrayed Sadako in the numerous films and television adaptations of the novels, as well as in foreign adaptations.
Sadako Yamamura
* Ayane Miura – Ring: Kanzenban
* Rie Inō – Ring, Ring 2
* Hinako Saeki – Rasen (1998)
* Tae Kimura – Ring: The Final Chapter, Rasen (1999)
* Yukie Nakama – Ring 0: Birthday
* Ai Hashimoto – Sadako 3D
* Elly Nanami – Sadako vs. Kayako
* Ayaka Minami - Sadako
Park Eun-Suh
* Bae Doona – The Ring Virus
Samara Morgan
* Daveigh Chase – The Ring (The Ring Two & Rings (2017) (archival footage))
* Kelly Stables – The Ring (stunts), The Ring Two and Rings (2005)
* Bonnie Morgan – The Ring Two (stunts) and Rings (2017)
Reception
The characters of Sadako Yamamura and Samara Morgan have been well received by audiences and film critics alike. The Movie Book describes Sadako as influencing the whole Japanese horror genre, making the mythological image of the yurei popular in film. British film critic Mark Kermode lists Sadako's iconic crawl out of a television set as his seventh scariest moment from the horror film genre. The scene also came sixth in Channel 4's 100 Greatest Scary Moments. On August 10, 2002, Sadako was given a public funeral at the Laforet Museum in Harajuku, Tokyo, to tie-in with the opening of a Ring exhibit at the museum and the release of The Ring, with Koji Suzuki attending the funeral. Empire's Mark Dinning described Samara as one of the film industry's most "unrelenting, unreasonable, plain uncontrollable baddies ever". Daveigh Chase has been praised for her performance as Samara Morgan, and won the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain at the 2003 ceremony. | WIKI |
B. Jaya (actress)
Basappa Jaya (3 September 1944 – 3 June 2021), commonly known as B. Jaya, was an Indian actress, known for her work in Kannada cinema. She acted in over 200 films before turning to Directing. For her performance in the movie Gowdru, Jaya won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2004-05.
Biography
Jaya has her roots in Kollegal, a town in the present-day Chamarajanagar district of India's Karnataka State. She was the fourth of seven children to Mahadevamma and Basappa. Father Basappa was a stage artist who went to appear in over 100 films. Jaya followed her father into stage and subsequently into films. Beginning in the 1950s, she went to work on stage till 1992. She made her film debut as a child actress in Bhakta Prahlada (1958).
Jaya has won awards for the films Prathigne, Bettada Huli, ,Nyayave Devaru and Gowdru, the last of which was from the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Death
Jaya died on 3 June 2021, in Bangalore from age related ailments.
Partial filmography
* Bhakta Prahlada (1958)
* Dashavathara (1960)
* Nagarjuna (1961)
* Vidhi Vilasa (1962)
* Chandra Kumaara (1963)
* Kanyarathna (1963)
* Mana Mecchida Madadi (1963)
* Sathi Shakthi (1963)
* Valmiki (1963)
* Veera Kesari (1963)
* Chinnada Gombe (1964)
* Prathigne (1964)
* Shivagange Mahathme (1964)
* Beratha Jeeva (1965)
* Bettada Huli (1965)
* Chandrahasa (1965)
* Ide Mahasudina (1965)
* Sathi Savithri (1965)
* Mantralaya Mahatme (1966)
* Premamayi (1966)
* Emme Thammanna (1966)
* Beedi Basavanna (1967)
* Bellimoda (1967)
* Gange Gowri (1967)
* Bhagyada Bagilu (1968)
* Gowri Ganda (1968)
* Mannina Maga (1968)
* Mysore Tanga (1968)
* Makkale Manege Manikya (1969)
* Namma Makkalu (1969)
* Odahuttidavaru (1969)
* Eradu Mukha (1969)
* Arishina Kumkuma (1970)
* Kallara Kalla (1970)...Jaya
* Sri Krishnadevaraya (1970)
* Baala Bandhana (1971)
* Bhale Adrushtavo Adrushta (1971)
* Hennu Honnu Mannu (1971)
* Hoo Bisilu (1971)
* Kasidre Kailasa (1971)
* Kula Gourava (1971)
* Mukthi (1971)
* Naguva Hoovu (1971)
* Nyayave Devaru (1971)
* Sri Krishna Rukmini Satyabhama (1971)
* Thayi Devaru (1971)
* Jaga Mecchida Maga (1972)
* Kulla Agent 000 (1972)
* Sipayi Ramu (1972)
* Bharathada Rathna (1973)
* Devaru Kotta Thangi (1973)
* Gandhada Gudi (1973)
* Mooruvare Vajragalu (1973)
* Swayamvara (1973)
* Bangaarada Panjara (1974)
* Sampathige Savaal (1974)
* Sri Srinivasa Kalyana (1974)
* Daari Tappida Maga (1975)
* Devara Gudi (1975)
* Mahadeshwara Pooja Phala (1975)
* Shubhamangala (1975)
* Bahaddur Gandu (1976)
* Makkala Bhagya (1976)
* Premada Kanike (1976)
* Raja Nanna Raja (1976)
* Babruvahana (1977)
* Banashankari (1977)
* Bhagyavantharu (1977)
* Giri Kanye (1977)
* Pavana Ganga (1977)
* Kiladi Kittu (1978)
* Vasantha Lakshmi (1978)
* Vamsha Jyothi (1978)
* Seetharamu (1979)
* Rahasya Rathri (1980)
* Gowdru (2004)
* Auto Shankar (2005)
* Milana (2007)
* Hatrick Hodi Maga (2009)
* Aithalakkadi (2010)
* Murari (2015)
* Kalpana 2 (2016)
* ''Cinema My Darling (2016) | WIKI |
Aligider
Ali Ghider (علي قدر) is located nine kilometers to the west of Teseney in the country of Eritrea. It is part of the Teseney sub-zone and has a diverse population. It is considered the last settlement in Eritrea before reaching the Sudanese Border and is located in the lowlands.
Agriculture, livestock raising, and trade are vital to the area's economy. Ali Ghider has access to potable water from both the Gash River and underground water resources. The irrigation process has created an artificial marsh near the Gash River, which provides a large habitat for many bird species.
Ali Ghider was once an Italian frontier village. Ali Ghider was an agricultural area that grew cotton and other crops, including sorghum, millet, and taff, and was managed by the Societa Impresse Africana (SIA). SIA helped develop Ali Ghider into a company town, housing tenant farmers and other workers on the plantation. A school and clinic were set up, and by the 1950s, the plantation employed 2,000 Eritreans and 15 Italians and "provided a residence for another 12,000 part-time workers and family members."
A well-known Italian business that was established for many years in Ali Ghider was the Barattolo cotton plantation, which was established in 1965 by Roberto Barattolo in a purchase from SIA. This acquisition from the SIA allowed Barattolo to export knitwear to Europe and the Middle East.
Ali Ghider received significant damage from the sacking by Ethiopian forces. Many of the Italian artifacts left from its time as a frontier village were destroyed in 2001 through Ethiopian military actions. | WIKI |
Percy Bradshaw
Percy Venner Bradshaw (27 November 1877 – 13 October 1965), who often signed PVB, was a British illustrator who also created the Press Art School, a correspondence course for drawing.
Biography
Percy Bradshaw was born in Hackney, part of London, on 27 November 1877, the son of William Bradshaw, a warehouseman, and his wife Frances Ann. He was baptised in Dover on 27 January 1878. He attended Newport Road School in Leyton where he reached fourth class. He then attended Ivydale Road School from 12 March 1888 to 30 March 1889, moving to Haberdashers' Aske' Boys School at Hatcham. He dropped out of Aske's when he was 14 years old and started working at an advertising agency. Meanwhile, he followed evening courses in art at Goldsmiths College and Birkbeck College.
Bradshaw had his first drawing published in The Boy's Own Paper when he was 15 years old, and moved to the art department of the advertising agency. Three years later he became a full-time cartoonist, with his work also appearing in magazines like Bystander (magazine), Home Chat, Sunday Companion, Tatler, The Sketch and The Windsor Magazine. He also worked for a while for the Daily Mail. Bradshaw so closely resembled the Prime Minister, Asquith, that people would doff their hats to him when he went for walks in the park.
Bradshaw married Mabel Alice Bennett (6 January 1881 – 17 February 1966) , the daughter of the late Edmund Hellyer Bennett (1841–1883) and Mary Anne Gardner (1841–1904), at St Peter's Church in Brockley, Lewisham on 27 July 1910. The wedding was choral, and 160 guests attended the reception at St. Peter's Hall. Among the wedding gifts was a grand piano (from the bride's sister). The couple left for a honeymoon in Switzerland. By 1911 the census shows the newly-weds living at 37 Dacres Road, Forest Hill, London, where they were to remain their entire lives.
The couple had one child, Denise M.
The Press Art School
He also wrote articles on drawing, appearing in the Daily Graphic and in The Boy's Own Paper, where his series Black and White Drawing as a Profession was so successful that he decided to create his own art correspondence course, the Press Art School, in 1905. He remained principal of the school for more than 50 years, first from his home, later from Tudor Hall in Forest Hill, London.
The school was quite well regarded. Not the least of the advantages that Bradshaw's school offered was that Bradshaw not only offered training, but also introduced the work of his pupils to those editors he considered most likely to use of the sketches. Thus Bradshaw helped Leo Cheyney to sell drawings to The Boys' Own Paper, Bystander and other publications.
Bradshaw though that the outbreak of the First World War doomed his school, but clever advertising turned the War to his advantage, swelling the ranks of his students. He enrolled over 1,100 new pupils by the end of 1914, over 1,500 in 1915, and averaged over 3,000 enrollments a year for the 1916–1918. By 1918 he had 22 full-time assistants and the GPO needed a special van to deliver his mail. Bradshaw once remarked that The only difficulty I had was keeping going between wars.
Later life
During the First World War, Bradshaw was a special constable; during the second, he worked as a firewatcher. After the first war, he created hundreds of illustrated postcards for specialized companies like Raphael Tuck & Sons, worked again for an advertising agency, and for Sun Enravings from Watford. During the Second World War, he wrote articles about cartoonists for the London Opinion, and published humorous poetry.
Bradshaw was a member of the London Sketch Club and in 1958 wrote the history of the Savage Club where he was a committee member. He died in on 13 October 1965 at Hither Green Hospital, Lewisham in London. His estate was valued at £25,000. Mabel Alice survived him by less than six months, dying at Levisham Hospital, London on 17 February 1966. Her estate was valued at £26,543.
The Art of the Illustrator
The Art of the Illustrator was probably Bradshaw's most important work. It consisted of a series of portfolios based on twenty leading illustrators. Bradshaw commissioned each of them for a special illustration. Each artist was free to choose the subject, so long as the illustration was representative of the artist's normal technique and that five preliminary stages in its composition should be shown. It is not absolutely clear when the portfolios were published. The Jisc catalogue shows them being issued from 1900 to 1920. However, notices from the press show them as just issued in June 1917.. The Graphic noted that twelve of the portfolios had already been published by mid-June 1917. Therefore, the dates should probably be 1917–1918. Some of the illustrations are dated 1915 and one may even be dated 1914. This makes sense as some illustrators were bound to take longer to complete their commissions and it took Bradshaw, who was dealing with a huge surge in enrolments, time to write the descriptions.
The portfolios were not cheap, for what they were: a set of six plates and less than thirty pages of text. A review in The Connoisseur: An Illustrated Magazine for Collectors in August 1918 gives the cost of the set of twenty portfolios as £7. 7s. (seven guineas) or £8. 8s. (eight guineas) if purchased in monthly instalments. A single portfolio on its own cost 10s 6d. (half a guinea).
Each of the twenty portfolios dealt with the personality and working methods of a leading illustrator with: Six of the illustrators worked in watercolour, five in pen and ink, two in wash-painting, and one in body-colour. The subjects of the portfolios, and they were:
* 1) a biography of the illustrator
* 2) an illustration or photograph of the illustrator at work in their studio
* 3) an explanation by the illustrator describing what they have done in each stage of the preparation of the illustration
* 4) a plate showing an illustration typical of their work
* 5) five other plates showing the work at five earlier stages of its production, from the first pencil rough to the just before the finished drawing or colour sketch.
* Henry Mayo Bateman (1887–1970)
* Charles Edmund Brock (1870–1938)
* Cyrus Cuneo (1879–1916)
* William Russell Flint (1880–1969)
* Dudley Hardy (1867–1922)
* William Hatherell (1855–1928)
* Fortunino Matania (1881–1963)
* J. Bernard Partridge (1861–1945)
* Gerald Spencer Pryse (1882–1956)
* Warwick Reynolds {1880–1926)
* Frank Reynolds (artist) (1876–1953)
* W. Heath Robinson (1872–1944)
* Harry Rountree (1878–1950)Harry Rountree: Harry Rountree and His Work: The Art of the Illustrator (Limited Edition Prints)
* Claude Allin Shepperson (1867–1921)
* E. J. Sullivan (1869–1933)
* Balliol Salmon (1868–1953)
* Bert Thomas (1883–1966)
* Frederick Henry Townsend (1868–1920)
* Louise Wright (illustrator) (active: London 1910)
* Lawson Wood (1878–1957)
Other books by Bradshaw
As with The Art of the Illustrator most of Bradshaw's other writing was either didactic, helping art students to learn new techniques and so on, or biographic, such as his Nice People to Know or the history of the Savage Club.
Faculty
Faculty (consulting staff) of the Press Art School included
* Fred Pegram
* W. Heath Robinson
* Harry Rountree
* Bert Thomas
Alumni
Students of the Press Art School included
* Barry Ernest Appleby (1909–96)
* Honor C. Appleton
* Mary Baker
* Albert Edgar Beard
* Molly Brett
* Luis Chan (1904-1995)
* Leo Cheney
* Alan D'Egville
* Phiny Dick
* Fougasse Pseudonym for Cyril Kenneth Bird (1887–1965)
* D. L. Ghilchik
* Charles Grave
* Joseph Booth Lee (1901–1974)
* Kin Maung
* Norman Pett
* Bertram Prance
* William Ridgewell
* Ralph Steadman | WIKI |
User:JacobStClare
JacobStClare is a Wikipedia user-account. The username, JacobStClare, is a combination of two names, namely, Jacob and St. Clare, "St." being an abbreviation for "saint". The name Jacob refers to the person Jacob found in the Hebrew Bible, who most regard as the Patriarch of the Israelites. St. Clare refers to the fictional character of the same name who is in the 1852 novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. | WIKI |
0 ×
Line Chopper
StreamableKNIME Nodes for Wide Data (many columns) version 3.7.0.v201808081048 by KNIME AG, Zurich, Switzerland
This node takes a string that consists of tokens which are separated by a certain patter (e.g. TAB, space, etc.) and separates a certain number of these tokens from the beginning of the string. It converts them either in floating point numbers or keeps them as strings. The new values are stored in one new column (as a collection or a vector) or each in a separate new column. If the string consists of more than the extracted tokens, the remaining part of the string can be stored in a new column for further processing.
The string must be comprised of simple tokens; there is no support for quoted tokens, different decimal separators, or comment lines in the file.
The node operates row-based. It can be executed in streaming mode.
Options
Column with string to split
Select the column that contains the string with the tokens that should be extracted and converted. Only columns of type String can be selected.
Number of items
Enter the number of tokens that should be extracted from the string. Tokens are taken from the start (from the left) of the string. If less tokens are in the string, an empty string or NaN (Not a Number) is inserted.
Select the type of the items
Specify if the tokens extracted should be converted to a Double (floating point) or should be stored as string.
Select the type of new appended column(s)
The extracted tokens are stored in a new column. Either in one new column in a Vector or a Collection, or in multiple columns (Cells) - one for each token of type Double or String (depending on the selected type of the items from above).
Prefix/name of new column(s)
Specify the name of the new column that contains the extracted tokens. If multiple columns are appended (option type of appended column above), this serves as prefix for the generated column names.
Keep column with left over string
If this option is selected the rest of the string (after chopping off the extracted tokens) is stored in a new column for further processing.
Input Ports
DataTable with column to extract tokens from
Output Ports
DataTable with additional column(s) carrying the extracted items from the input column
Best Friends (Incoming)
Best Friends (Outgoing)
Installation
To use this node in KNIME, install KNIME Nodes for Wide Data (many columns) from the following update site:
Wait a sec! You want to explore and install nodes even faster? We highly recommend our NodePit for KNIME extension for your KNIME Analytics Platform. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Making Waves
A breakdown of the Pacific’s most treacherous tidal phenomenon and the strategy for not getting sucked in
575
A riptide is a powerful mass of shallow ocean water that moves anywhere from one to eight miles per hour. That may not sound fast, but more than 100 people drown in riptides every year nationwide, and 80 percent of the country’s riptide rescues occur in California. Here’s a breakdown of the Pacific’s most treacherous tidal phenomenon and the strategy for not getting sucked in.
1. The Uprush
Large waves, or occasionally wind, cause excess water to build up on the beach. The water in a rip current is choppy and often brown from whirling sand. As more breakers push toward the shore, the water has nowhere to go.
2. The Safety Zone
Rip currents can be spotted from the shore; they are the distinct spaces between breaking waves. The key to escaping a riptide is to swim out of—not against—it and parallel to the shore. Once outside of the rip, swimmers can use the waves to navigate to shore.
3. The Route
The rip flows sideways, searching for a route back to sea. It runs parallel to the shore until it finds a break in the surfline, or a trough.
4. The Trough
The sideways-flowing water rushes quickly seaward, along the trough and out past the breaking waves. A current is formed and pulls anything in its path with it. This is where a swimmer can get trapped.
5. The Current
Developing close to the surface, the current (often erroneously dubbed the “undertow”) drags a swimmer out to sea, not underwater. The danger in swimming against a fast-moving rip is fatigue. Eventually the current runs its course and a swimmer can return to shore.
6. The Obstructions
Man-made objects in the surf increase the chance of riptides. Troughs are created in breaks in the sandbar, along the edges of a jetty, or beneath a pier.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:STGame/sandbox
ST-Game as an e-sports plantform based on the strategic-survival game.It’s established with the development of the e-Sports industry. Players can enroll to participate in the competitive race by finishing payment at smartphone and computer terminals. The winner can obtain bonuses and prizes. The appearance of ST-Game reflects the major development direction that e-Sports as a recreational activity will gradually rise. | WIKI |
Walter C. Williams
Walter Charles Williams (July 30, 1919 – October 7, 1995) was an American engineer, leader of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) group at Edwards Air Force Base in the 1940s and 1950s, and a NASA deputy associate administrator during Project Mercury.
Biography
Walter Charles Williams was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on July 30, 1919. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from Louisiana State University (LSU) in 1939, and worked for Glenn L. Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland. He joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), in August 1940. During World War II he served as a project engineer on projects to improve the performance and handling of fighter aircraft such as the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt, North American P-51 Mustang and Grumman F6F Hellcat.
In September 1946 Williams became the NACA project engineer on the Bell X-1, a rocket-propelled research aircraft. He assembled a team which moved from NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory in Hampton, Virginia, to the Muroc Army Air Base in California's Mojave Desert. His detachment at Muroc became the Dryden Flight Research Center in 1976, and the Armstrong Flight Research Center in 2014. He was involved in the testing of the X-1, the aircraft in which United States Air Force (USAF) Captain Chuck Yeager carried out the first piloted supersonic flight at Muroc on October 14, 1947.
Williams went on to direct test programs for the new generation of jet aircraft, including Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket, the first aircraft to fly at twice the speed of sound; the Bell X-5, which pioneered the variable-sweep wing; the Convair XF-92, which pioneered the delta wing, and the Century Series of supersonic aircraft which were the fruits of his research in supersonic flight. In January 1958, he became chairman of the Flight Test Steering Committee for the hypersonic North American X-15. He was the author of many NASA technical papers, including "The Comparison of Flight Measurement of High-Speed Airplane Stability and Control Characteristics", which he presented in Brussels in August 1956, and "The X-15 Research Airplane Program", which was presented at the American Rocket Society Space Exploration Regional Meeting in San Diego, California, in 1958.
Along with other NACA facilities, Williams' research station at Muroc was absorbed into the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) when it was formed on October 1, 1958. In September 1959, he returned to Langley, Virginia, as the Associate Director of the Space Task Group, which had been formed to carry out Project Mercury, the United States' first manned space program. He became the project Director of Operations at Cape Canaveral, and as such supervised all the Project Mercury missions, including Alan Shepard's first American spaceflight, Mercury-Redstone 3 in 1961, and John Glenn's first American orbital flight, Mercury-Atlas 6 in 1962.
In 1963, Williams became deputy associate administrator in the Office of Manned Space Flight at NASA Headquarters. He left NASA in April 1964, and became vice president and general manager of the Vehicle Systems Division at The Aerospace Corporation, in which capacity he was responsible for systems engineering and technical direction of the Project Gemini Titan II launch and Atlas-Agena target vehicles, the Titan III launch vehicles, and the USAF Manned Orbiting Laboratory, along with Aerospace Corporation activities at both the Eastern and Western Test Ranges. He returned to NASA Headquarters as chief engineer in 1975, a position he held until he retired in July 1982.
Williams was twice a recipient of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal, and received the Sylvanus Albert Reed Award in 1962, the John J. Montgomery Award in 1963. Haley Astronautics Award in 1964, the American Astronautical Society Space Flight Award in 1978, and the Federal Engineer of the Year Award from the National Society of Professional Engineers in 1981. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree by LSU in 1963. In 1997 he was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame.
Williams died at his home in Tarzana, California, on October 7, 1995. He was survived by his wife Helen Manning Williams; sons Charles M. Williams and Howard L. Williams; and daughter, Elizabeth Ann Powell. On November 17, 1995, Kenneth J. Szalai, the director of the Dryden Flight Research Center renamed the Integrated Test Facility (ITF) there the Walter C. Williams Research Aircraft Integration Facility in his honor. | WIKI |
UPDATE 1-Canada adds 9,300 jobs, unemployment rate stays at all-time low
(Adds details of release, background) OTTAWA, Jan 4 (Reuters) - Canada added 9,300 jobs in December on an increase in part-time hiring, slightly more than markets had expected, while the unemployment rate remained at an all-time low, Statistics Canada data indicated on Friday. Analysts in a Reuters poll had forecast a gain of 5,500 positions in December and for the jobless rate to increase to 5.7 percent from 5.6 percent in November, a month when a record 94,100 jobs were created. The economy shed 18,900 full-time jobs in December while part-time positions grew by 28,300. Employment as a whole in 2018 rose by 163,300 position, or just 0.9 percent, the lowest yearly increase since the 0.9 percent seen in 2015. December’s data seem unlikely to sway the Bank of Canada, which analysts expect will leave interest rates unchanged on Jan 9 after five hikes since July 2017. Governor Stephen Poloz said on Dec. 17 that the pace of tightening could be interrupted or sped up depending on the economic circumstances. The average year-over-year wage growth of permanent employees - a figure closely watched by the central bank - remained at 1.5 percent in December, the lowest since the 1.2 percent seen in July 2017. Reporting by David Ljunggren
Editing by Susan Thomas | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Pur (Russia)
The Pur (Пур) is a river in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It has a length of 389 km —1024 km counting the length of the Pyakupur at its head. The area of its basin is 112000 km2.
The Urengoy gas field and Gubkin gas and oil field are located in the basin of the Pur.
Course
The Pur is formed at the confluence of the Pyakupur and Ayvasedapur rivers, which have their sources in the northern slopes of the Siberian Uvaly. It flows roughly northwards across the northern West Siberian Plain, meandering strongly. In its lower course its channel divided into branches. Purovsky District is named after the river. Just a few miles west of the mouth of the Taz, the Pur flows into the Taz Estuary, which is connected through the Gulf of Ob with the Kara Sea. The river freezes up in November and stays icebound until May. | WIKI |
Terrance A. TREUER, Plaintiff, v. SHOP-RITE, INC. d/b/a/ Pick ‘N Save Warehouse Foods and United Food and Commercial Workers Union, Local No. 1444, Defendants.
No. 97-C-0585.
United States District Court, E.D. Wisconsin.
Jan. 8, 1999.
Frank Terschan, Milwaukee, WI, for Plaintiff.
Naomi Soldon, Scott Soldon, Oyvind Wis-trom, Allen Levy, Milwaukee, WI, for Defendants.
DECISION AND ORDER
ADELMAN, District Judge.
On May 3,1996, an employee of defendant Shop-Rite, Inc. (doing business as “Pick ‘N Save Warehouse Foods”), improperly weighed and labeled T-bone steaks. Plaintiff Terrance A. Treuer, a co-employee, did not report this error to the employer. As a result, Shop-Rite fired Treuer. Until his discharge, Treuer had been employed for about ten years as a meat-cutter at Shop-Rite, pursuant to the terms of a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between Shop-Rite and Treuer’s union, defendant United Food and Commercial Workers Union Local 1444. Among the provisions of the CBA in effect at the time of Treuer’s termination were several indicating that employees may be fired only upon “just cause.” Treuer sues Shop-Rite for breach of the termination provisions of the CBA and he sues the union for failure to represent him fully and fairly before the employer by taking his grievance to arbitration. Both employer and union have filed separate, but related, motions for summary judgment. For the reasons set forth below, both motions will be denied.
I. THE FACTS
At the time of the events leading to his termination, Treuer worked as a “journeyman meat-cutter” for Shop-Rite at its Sunset Street Pick ‘N Save grocery store in Wauke-sha, Wisconsin, having worked his way up from “apprentice meat-cutter” to “journeyman meat-cutter.” The journeyman position was defined in the CBA as follows:
A journeyman is a skilled meat cutter who has served his apprenticeship in accordance with a period of time set forth in this agreement. His or her skills shall consist of the ability to order, receive, handle, prepare, cut, cure, grind, slice, process, wrap, display and sell beef, veal, lamb, pork, poultry, sausage or fish, whether frozen, cooked, smoked, barbecued or irradiated, and the performance of all work incidental thereto, including the cleaning of all power equipment, tools and the work area. As part of his or her duties, he or she may be required to perform any or all of the above listed functions.
(CBA at 29.) Shop-Rite asserts that this definition was not the exclusive source of the journeyman meat-cutter job description, however, and Treuer admits that he, as well as other journeyman meat-cutters, also historically assisted apprentice meat-cutters when problems or questions arose. It is undisputed, though, that as part of his job Treuer was involved in all facets of meat preparation, including cutting, packaging and weighing meat for sale to the public.
The process of packaging cut meat at the Sunset store involved a machine called a “Hobart” machine, which weighed and priced packaged meat. To account for the weight of the packaging material — Styrofoam tray, soaker pad and plastic wrap — the Hobart machine needed to be programmed with a “tare” weight allowance, which resulted in the subtraction of the weight of the packaging material from the total weight so the customer was charged for meat only. The tare weight allowance varied depending on the specific type and size of packaging material being used.
As a journeyman meat-cutter, Treuer was aware of the importance of packaging meat with the proper tare weight allowance and that specific laws regulated weighing and pricing meats. Treuer had been employed in another store when a state inspector noticed that certain steaks were improperly weighed and required that the meat be repackaged and repriced. Treuer also was familiar with the wrapping process and knew how to manually override the Hobart machine so that it reflected the proper tare weight allowance.
At work in the early afternoon of May 3, 1996, Treuer was packaging T-bone steaks along with apprentice meat-cutter Jason Quinlan and journeyman meat-cutter David Mortle. According to Treuer and Mortle, journeyman meat-cutter Bill “Otto” Bauer also was working with them. (Defendants say, however, that Bauer either told them he was not in the room at the time or else was unaware of what was happening.) Treuer was sawing the T-bone steaks, Mortle was next to him trimming the steaks with a knife, Bauer (accepting Treuer’s version that Bauer was present) was on the other side of Mortle scraping and placing the steaks in styrofoam trays, and Quinlan was last in line after Bauer, wrapping and weighing using the Hobart machine. A few feet separated each of the employees in the line, with Treuer and Quinlan the furthest apart.
After packaging approximately fifty steaks, Quinlan noticed and announced, in a tone louder than a conversational tone, that the Hobart machine was improperly set at a “0” tare and that he was changing it to a “.06” tare. Quinlan testified, though, that on May 3, 1996 he in fact had not been certain of the proper tare weight allowance, but he knew zero was certainly wrong — the packaging had to weigh something. Quinlan did not expressly ask for help in correcting the tare reading, nor did he expect anyone to come over and help him do anything to fix it.
Quinlan did not go back and repack or relabel the fifty or so improperly weighed steaks nor did he mark those packages to inform others that the weights were incorrect. In fact, none of the employees in the cutting room, except perhaps Mortle, took any steps to prevent the improperly weighed steaks from making their way into the cooler for sale to the public. Mortle says he told Quinlan to reweigh the already-packaged steaks, although Quinlan’s testimony contradicts Mortle on this point, and that he attempted to find meat manager Jim Borders, but was not able to locate him. It is undisputed that unless store management was informed about the miscalculations there was no way for the management to discover the problem from simply examining the labeling of the packaged meat.
Treuer, the furthest away from Quinlan, admits that over the noise of the saw he heard Quinlan announce the incorrect zero tare and then heard someone say the machine should be set at six. Treuer also admits, though, that he did nothing to remedy the situation and continued sawing T-bone steaks. He did not help to correct the setting on the machine, repack the improperly weighed meat, ensure that the meat was not made available to the public, or notify Borders, whom he believed was present at the store at the time of the infraction. Treuer says he thought that when Mortle left the room for a while perhaps he had gone to tell management, he assumed Quinlan knew how to and had corrected the problem, and in addition he did not think it was his responsibility to do anything about it.
Quinlan testified that he put the packaged steaks on a cart that went into the meat cooler. The ordinary procedure at the store for display of steaks was “first in/first out” of the meat cooler.
Treuer, Quinlan, and Mortle all worked until about 2:30 p.m., as Borders specifically told them not to put in overtime. Bauer’s shift lasted past the others, and he remained at the store for several more hours.
At approximately 3:30 p.m. on May 3,1996, the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (WDATCP) received a telephone call reporting that a tare weight infraction occurred at the Sunset store that afternoon. Although he did not give his name to the WDATCP, Mortle placed the call. As a result of the call an investigator from the State of Wisconsin appeared at the store later that day and found displayed for sale a number of improperly weighed T-bone steaks, in violation of state law. The potential penalty to the Sunset store for the tare weight infraction of May 3, 1996 was approximately $600,000.
Shop-Rite conducted an investigation into the tare weight violation. Greg Leifer was the union’s business representative for the Sunset store. On or about May 8, 1996, Leifer became involved in the investigation and participated in numerous meetings with the individuals involved in the May 3, 1996 incident, as well as company representatives. Leifer spoke with each of the four employees questioned by Shop-Rite before their interviews with the store’s investigator on May 13, 1996, and was there to represent and assist the employees during questioning.
In their interviews with Shop-Rite’s investigators, Treuer, Mortle, and Quinlan all admitted to Shop-Rite that they were present in the cutting room during the May 3, 1996 incident. Shop-Rite was looking for the individual who placed the call to the WDATCP, but none, including Mortle, admitted making it. Treuer stated’ at the interview that he went directly home after work on May 3. Shop-Rite threatened Treuer with fines of up to $32,000, a nine-month suspension, a civil suit, and possible criminal prosecution.
Treuer and Mortle and were placed on an unpaid suspension effective May 14, 1996. Even though Treuer had come in on his day off and answered the investigator’s questions, the reason given for his suspension, as well as Mortle’s, was failure to cooperate with the investigation. The union filed grievances challenging the action, and Leifer advised Mortle and Treuer to file for unemployment compensation benefits. Afterward, Leifer had ongoing discussions with company representatives seeking to have Treuer brought back to work with full back pay.
On June 3, 1996, Treuer, Mortle and Quin-lan were terminated due to their involvement with the tare weight infraction. Shop-Rite’s official reasons for Treuer’s termination were stated in a termination letter:
Pick ‘N Save has determined that you were aware that product was run with the wrong tare weight, but you failed to report this to your manager or other store supervision [sic], and thereby, placed Pick ‘N Save in violation of Wisconsin Statutes
pertaining to tare weights. As a result, Pick ‘N Save suffered actual financial damage and was and continues to be exposed to future damage by your reckless disregard for the foreseeable consequences of your actions____Your-conduct constituted a breach of Pick ‘N Save’s work rules and policies but, more important, it represented a breach of a basic and fundamental condition of your employment: loyalty to the business interest of your employer. Accordingly, as a result of your conduct and its actual and potential ramifications, Pick ‘N Save is constrained to terminate your employment.
(Turowski Aff., Ex, A.) Shop-Rite did not discipline Bauer, who at all times denied any knowledge of the tare weight violation.
On June 6, 1996, the union converted Treuer’s and Mortle’s suspension grievances into ones challenging the termination, and filed a grievance on behalf of Quinlan. Leif-er participated in further meetings and interviews with Treuer, Mortle, Quinlan, and other store employees. At some point Shop-Rite obtained WDATCP’s telephone records showing that Mortle placed the tip-off call, and, according to Leifer, during one meeting in July 1996, Mortle indicated that Treuer had gone to Mortle’s house after work on May 3, suggesting that Treuer was present when Mortle called the WDATCP. Leifer also obtained a legal opinion indicating that Shop-Rite likely would prevail at arbitration. Leifer did not, however, review personnel files of any of the employees, time cards regarding Bauer in particular, or security tapes to see if they identified who placed the mislabeled steaks on display. Leifer did not contact Treueris wife to verify that Treuer went home immediately after work on May 3 or attempt to determine who- had prepro-grammed the Hobart machine for a zero tare reading.
Leifer, though, did continue conversing with the company and pushing for Treuer’s reinstatement with full back pay. The discussions led to a proposal by Shop-Rite on or about June or July 12, 1996, which provided that the company would pay Treuer $15,000 and he would be reinstated, although at a different store owned by an independent operator. The deal was not finalized. Treuer found it unacceptable; he told Leifer he wanted his “job back.” In addition, Shop-Rite’s position was that it would either settle all three grievances or none at all, and Mor-tle had already rejected his offer. Meanwhile, the union and Shop-Rite went through a selection process for assigning an arbitrator to Treuer’s case.
During this time period, Leifer also represented Treuer, Mortle and Quinlan in their respective unemployment compensation appeal hearings. During the first day of hearings, August 13,1996, Mortle still denied that he called the WDATCP, but Shop-Rite presented telephone records showing otherwise. At the start of the second day of hearings, September 30,1996, Leifer brought Treuer a new offer from Shop-Rite, referred to as the “Last Chance Settlement Agreement and General Release.” The proposal provided that Treuer’s seniority would remain intact, he would work at a corporate store other than the Sunset store, and Shop-Rite would drop its appeal of Treuer’s unemployment compensation benefits, but if a similar incident regarding a tare weight infraction recurred, Treuer would be terminated without recourse to the grievance system, and Treuer had to waive any right to sue the union or Shop-Rite over the matter.
The last chance agreement was independent of settlement proposals offered to Mor-tle and Quinlan — at some point Shop-Rite had dropped the “all or none” settlement requirement. While Treuer’s proposed settlement agreement varied significantly from Mortle’s, it was virtually identical to Quin-lan’s. Quinlan accepted his deal. Quinlan, though, had committed a previous tare weight violation back in October 1995, and possibly had signed a tare weight policy sheet before May 3, 1996. In regard to Mortle, Shop-Rite refused to offer him reinstatement, but agreed to an early retirement package and disability pension and refrained from challenging his unemployment benefits eligibility. Mortle eventually accepted his deal as well.
When Leifer presented Treuer with the last chance agreement on September 30, 1996, Leifer read through each paragraph with Treuer and asked Treuer whether he had any questions about the settlement proposal. Treuer, though, refused to sign, thinking it too harsh because he would not get back pay and could be terminated without recourse. According to Treuer, Leifer then became hostile and intimidating and screamed and swore for five or ten minutes. Treuer indicated he wanted an attorney to look at the agreement “[a]nd that’s when he got more hostile and stuff and stated that he put his ass on the line for me and this is the best they can come up with.” (Treuer Dep. at 96.) Treuer asserts that he told Leifer he wanted to go to arbitration and Leifer, in a rage, told Treuer he would make sure Treuer’s grievance never went to arbitration. Leifer denies that he became hostile and says he merely recommended that Treuer take the deal and informed Treuer that Leif-er would recommend that the grievance not be arbitrated. I take Treuer’s version as true for present purposes, however.
The CBA set forth a grievance procedure by which union representatives and Shop-Rite officials first were to attempt to settle each grieved matter. (CBA art. VII § 1(A) & (B).) In the event settlement attempts failed, “the matter shall be submitted” to arbitration. Despite this mandatory language, however, the CBA also provided that the union’s executive board “ha[d] the right to determine whether or not the employee’s grievance is qualified to be submitted to arbitration by the Union.” (CBA art. VII § 1(F).) The parties do not dispute that the more specific language of section 1(F) controls. The union’s constitution and bylaws echo that the executive board has the sole authority to make final decisions regarding arbitration; thus, union representatives like Leifer may make only recommendations to the board.
At some point Treuer decided to hire his own attorney, Gary Williams, for advice. Williams on several occasions asked the union’s counsel and Leifer why they felt Treuer’s arbitration could not be won; Williams expressed his view that the union and Treuer would succeed at arbitration. According to Williams, Leifer, union officials and the union’s attorney kept saying they had good reasons for not arbitrating, but refused or were reluctant to pass those reasons or supporting evidence on to Williams. Leifer, though, apparently did tell Williams that Treuer had given inconsistent testimony during his unemployment compensation hearing and that Mortle had implicated Treuer in the wrongdoing. Leifer told Treuer that the union was worried that Mor-tle would not be a good witness in an arbitration case. Apparently, Williams eventually was given the tapes or transcripts from the unemployment compensation benefits hearings for his own review.
On October 10, 1996, Treuer challenged Leifer’s adverse recommendation to the union’s executive board. Williams (with the union’s knowledge) and Shop-Rite continued settlement discussions, which culminated in revisions to the last chance agreement to reflect the specific company-owned store to which Treuer would be assigned and the new fact that Treuer had been denied unemployment compensation benefits.
Treuer’s request for arbitration was to be heard at the next executive board meeting. Williams asked that either he or Treuer be allowed to attend the meeting personally, but the request was denied by union president and executive board member Daniel R. Welch; the union’s standard procedures, bylaws and constitution did not provide for personal appearances before the board and Welch knew of no exceptions to the rule. Welch, however, did allow Treuer to — and Treuer did — submit to the board a written letter setting forth his position regarding his grievance and asking that the matter proceed to arbitration. Treuer admitted at deposition that there were no facts, arguments or issues that he failed to put into his letter to the board.
The executive board met on November 19, 1996, at which time Leifer summarized the circumstances surrounding Treuer’s discharge, answered questions from the board, and recommended that the grievance not be taken to arbitration. After Leifer left the meeting, the executive board considered the matter and voted not to arbitrate but rather to settle Treuer’s grievance by accepting the last chance agreement on Treuer’s behalf, which it had authority to do. Treuer admits that the executive board “carefully reviewed all of the evidence and arguments presented by both Mr. Leifer and Mr. Treuer.” (Union’s Proposed Findings of Fact ¶ 31 (unopposed).)
Treuer thereafter filed this case in May 1997 under section 301 of the Labor Management Relations Act, 29 U.S.C. § 185. The case was initially assigned to Magistrate Judge William E. Callahan, but was reassigned to me upon my appointment as district judge.
II. SUMMARY JUDGMENT STANDARD
As is well known, summary judgment is proper if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with any affidavits, show that there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c); Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). In analyzing whether a question of fact exists, the court construes the evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the motion. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 255, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).
The mere existence of a factual dispute does not defeat a summary judgment motion; “the requirement is that there is a genuine issue of material fact.” Id. at 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505. “Material” means that the factual dispute must be outcome-determinative. Contreras v. City of Chicago, 119 F.3d 1286, 1291 (7th Cir.1997). “ ‘[Fjacts not outcome-determinative under the applicable law, though in dispute, may still permit the entry of summary judgment.’ ” Id. at 1292 (quoting Wainwright Bank & Trust Co. v. Railroadmens Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 806 F.2d 146, 149 (7th Cir.1986)). Whether a material issue of fact is “genuine” necessarily requires some qualitative determination of sufficiency of the evidence. To defeat a properly supported motion for summary judgment, the opposing party must present specific and sufficient evidence that, if believed by a jury, could actually support a verdict in its favor. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(e); Anderson, 477 U.S. at 249, 106 S.Ct. 2505. A “metaphysical doubt” as to the facts is insufficient to defeat a motion for summary judgment. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986); Regensburger v. China Adoption Consultants, Ltd., 138 F.3d 1201, 1205 (7th Cir.1998). “A district judge faced with [a summary judgment] motion must decide ... whether the state of the evidence is such that, if the case were tried tomorrow, the plaintiff would have a fair chance of obtaining a verdict. If not, the motion should be granted and the case dismissed.” Palucki v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 879 F.2d 1568, 1572-73 (7th Cir.1989) (citations omitted).
III. ANALYSIS
A. Treuer’s Claims
Treuer sues Shop-Rite for wrongful discharge under the terms of the CBA. He also sues the union for breach of its duty to represent him fairly in his grievance before the employer, making his lawsuit a so-called “hybrid” action. In a hybrid lawsuit the employee’s claims against the union and employer are interlocked. Because in the CBA the employer and union, on behalf of its members, agreed to a grievance and arbitration procedure as the exclusive way of obtaining a remedy for breach of the contract, Treuer is bound by those terms. See Vaca v. Sipes, 386 U.S. 171, 184, 87 S.Ct. 903, 17 L.Ed.2d 842 (1967). Nevertheless, an employee covered by a CBA may seek judicial enforcement of his contractual rights when the union has the sole power to invoke the higher stages of the grievance or arbitration procedures and the union wrongfully fails to do so. Id. at 185-86, 87 S.Ct. 903. Treuer thus can win his lawsuit against Shop-Rite only if he first proves that the union as bargaining agent breached its duty of fair representation toward him. See id. at 186, 87 S.Ct. 903.
B. The Union’s Duty of Fair Representation
As the exclusive bargaining representative of the employees in Treuer’s bargaining unit, the union had a statutory duty to fairly represent all of those employees in its enforcement of the CBA. Vaca, 386 U.S. at 177, 87 S.Ct. 903. A breach of a union’s duty of fair representation occurs only when the union’s conduct toward a member of the collective bargaining unit is “arbitrary, discriminatory, or in bad faith.” Id. at 190, 87 S.Ct. 903. Plaintiffs may argue each component separately. See Garcia v. Zenith Elecs. Corp., 58 F.3d 1171, 1176 (7th Cir.1995); Ooley v. Schwitzer Div., Household Mfg. Inc., 961 F.2d 1293, 1302 (7th Cir.1992). Here, Treuer pursues only the arbitrariness and bad faith prongs.
1. Arbitrariness
A union’s actions are arbitrary “only if, in light of the factual and legal landscape at the time of the union’s actions, the union’s behavior is so far outside a ‘wide range of reasonableness,’ ... as to be irrational.” Air Line Pilots Ass’n v. O’Neill, 499 U.S. 65, 67, 111 S.Ct. 1127, 113 L.Ed.2d 51 (1991). Whether a union’s actions are arbitrary requires inquiry into the objective adequacy of union action. Trnka v. Local Union No. 688, United Auto. Workers, 30 F.3d 60, 63 (7th Cir.1994); see Air Line Pilots, 499 U.S. at 73-78, 111 S.Ct. 1127.
Treuer asserts first that the union acted arbitrarily by not “conducting] a complete investigation into the circumstances of Treuer’s termination.” (Pl.’s Br. in Opp. at 10.) A union must provide “some minimal investigation of employee grievances,” Garcia, 58 F.3d at 1176 (internal quotation marks omitted); it acts arbitrarily if it ignores an employee’s complaint or processes a grievance in a perfunctory manner, see Vaca, 386 U.S. at 194, 87 S.Ct. 903. But “the thoroughness of this investigation depends on the particular case, and ‘only an egregious disregard for union members’ rights constitutes a breach of the union’s duty.’ What is required to be shown goes considerably beyond the requirements of a malpractice suit.” Garcia, 58 F.3d at 1176 (quoting Castelli v. Douglas Aircraft Co., 752 F.2d 1480, 1483 (9th Cir.1985)). The union is not held to the standard of the ideal lawyer. Garcia, 58 F.3d at 1178.
On the facts of this case Treuer cannot establish that the union gave his complaint only perfunctory investigation or consideration. Treuer’s union representative, Leifer, became involved the week after the tare weight events occurred and remained involved for over six months, attending the employer’s investigative interviews of Treuer, negotiating at least two versions of settlement agreements on Treuer’s behalf, and representing Treuer at the unemployment compensation hearing. In his brief opposing summary judgment, Treuer admits that Leifer “spent a considerable amount of time on the case.” (Pl’s Br. in Opp. at 6.) The union went so far as to initiate the arbitration procedure by beginning the selection of the arbitrator and, as is undisputed, “carefully” considered the matter of whether Treuer’s grievance should go to arbitration as opposed to ending with the last chance agreement. Even taking all inferences in Treuer’s favor, the union’s time commitment and amount of activity on his behalf were not inadequate.
Neither was the substance of Leifer’s investigation inadequate. Treuer attacks Leif-er’s completeness, asserting that Leifer should have reviewed personnel records, looked at Bauer’s time cards, obtained and reviewed security tapes to find out who put the misweighed meat into the display case, and investigated who set the Hobart machine at zero. It is undisputed that Bauer’s time cards would have shown only that he was in the store, not exactly where in the store he was, thus they were irrelevant to the investigation and matter before the executive board. The same is generally true of the Hobart programming and security tapes, as finding someone else also potentially culpable would not have changed the fact that Treuer, Mortle, and Quinlan all left the store without correcting the tare weight violation or informing management. Personnel records likewise are irrelevant regarding what Treuer, Mortle, and Quinlan did or did not do on May 3, 1996. Although they may have revealed to Leifer and the executive board that Quinlan had a prior tare weight infraction (it is unclear whether they knew that fact already) and therefore should have been more careful or should have known to report the incident, adding further justification for Quinlan’s termination, they would not have changed Shop-Rite’s view that the actions of Mortle and Treuer constituted just cause. As stated above, the union is not held to the standard of an ideal lawyer and only an egregious disregard of its investigative duties violates the duty of fair dealing. Here, the additional benefit to Treuer, Leifer, and the executive board of having one more item showing that Quinlan may have been more deserving of termination than Treuer or Mortle was minimal at best. Leifer’s failure to look at any of these items simply was not an egregious error in investigation.
Next, Treuer argues that the union acted arbitrarily in accepting the last chance agreement rather than going to arbitration, because the arbitration could not be lost. This argument collapses the union’s and the employer’s possible liability into one discussion, as it brings into question the merits of the grievance itself, and, therefore, the issue of whether the CBA was breached at all.
A union does not breach its duty of fair representation merely because it settled a grievance short of arbitration, yaca, 386 U.S. at 192, 87 S.Ct. 903. An individual employee has no absolute right to have his grievance taken to arbitration unless the CBA so provides, yaca, 386 U.S. at 191, 87 S.Ct. 903, which, here, by virtue of Article VII section 1(F) of the CBA, it does not. Instead, again, the court still looks at whether the union’s representation of the employee was adequate. See Air Line Pilots, 499 U.S. at 73-78, 111 S.Ct. 1127.
“[I]n cases such as this where the employee complains that the Union breached its duty of fair representation by refusing to take the grievance to arbitration, the court must look at least to the arguable merits of the grievance, which necessarily involves looking at the contract.” Crider v. Spectrulite Consortium, Inc., 130 F.3d 1238, 1241-42 (7th Cir.1997). The court may even examine the terms of a CBA or settlement agreement in search of evidence that a union did not adequately represent its member. See Air Line Pilots, 499 U.S. at 74, 111 S.Ct. 1127.
Review of whether a union acted arbitrarily in deciding not to pursue a grievance or arbitration is “highly deferential.” Air Line Pilots, 499 U.S. at 78, 111 S.Ct. 1127; McKelvin v. E.J. Brach Corp., 124 F.3d 864, 867 (7th Cir.1997). Courts should not substitute their judgment for that of the union, even if, with the benefit of hindsight, it appears that the union could have made a better call. McKelvin, 124 F.3d at 867; Ooley, 961 F.2d at 1302. Because the union represents the majority of employees, even while it represents a single employee in a grievance proceeding, the union’s own credibility, integrity as a bargaining agent and the interests of all its members are considerations the union may take into account. The union therefore is “entitled to enjoy a somewhat different perspective than the individual employee it represents in a grievance matter.” Garcia, 58 F.3d at 1176.
A union’s decision that a particular grievance lacks sufficient merit to justify arbitration does not constitute a breach of the duty of fair representation merely because a judge or jury would find the grievance meritorious. See Vaca, 386 U.S. at 192-93, 87 S.Ct. 903. The question before me is not whether a reasonable jury could find that Shop-Rite violated the CBA, but instead whether a reasonable jury could conclude that the union’s decision not to arbitrate was irrational. McKelvin, 124 F.3d at 868. Arbitrary or irrational does not mean “just possibly incorrect.” See Trnka, 30 F.3d at 62. With the high degree of deference given to the union, “so long as a colorable argument could be made at the time of the union’s decision to drop its support that the grievance is meritless (and the union did not then treat substantively similar grievances differently from the plaintiffs), the decision cannot be regarded as arbitrary.” Id. at 61. The employee-plaintiffs burden on summary judgment
is not merely to demonstrate that his favored reading of the labor contract is as plausible as the union’s, thus creating an issue of material fact regarding the correct interpretation, but rather to show that the union’s reading could eventually be deemed not even colorable, thus creating an issue of material fact regarding arbitrariness.
Trnka, 30 F.3d at 61-62. In other words, Treuer must sufficiently support a finding of “the manifest incorrectness of the decision as an assessment of the merits of the grievance at the time it was made.” Id. at 62.
I believe Treuer has met this high standard, allowing him to survive summary judgment on the possible arbitrariness of the decision to settle rather than arbitrate. The CBA does not define “just cause.” Nor does it state anywhere that “loyalty to the business interest of your employer” is a “basic and fundamental condition of your employer,” as quoted from Treuer’s termination letter. Further, although it is undisputed that pursuant to custom, journeymen meat-cutters assisted apprentices, pursuant to the CBA, such assistance was a required job duty only of head meat-cutters, not journeymen. Nothing in the CBA itself requires journeymen to correct every mistake made by an apprentice. Therefore, Treuer’s failure to report or correct Quinlan’s error does not violate any express provision of the CBA.
Certain definitions, concepts, and rules of law are implied by or incorporated into the CBA, however. As Shop-Rite itself recognizes, “[j]ust cause is a flexible concept that embodies notions of equity and fairness.” (Br. of Def. Shop-Rite at 18 (citing Crider, 130 F.3d at 1242).) “[F]or a penalty to be just it must be in keeping with the seriousness of the offense.” Crider, 130 F.3d at 1242 (internal quotation omitted). And I am willing to assume that although no duty of loyalty is explicitly provided in the CBA such a duty does exist — a remaining question, however, is what that duty entails.
The Pick ‘N Save Employee Handbook provides some guidance as to what constitutes just cause and what the duty of loyalty includes. The handbook contains a section on employee honesty and integrity, but speaks only to an employee’s responsibility to advise management of thefts of merchandise or other company property and to handle sums of money and confidential information honestly. Violation of that policy, under the terms of the employee handbook, justifies termination. The “Guidelines of Discipline” attached to the handbook list several other offenses and their resulting discipline. Theft of company property, like the failure to report others’ thefts, is cause for termination. But the infractions sounding most like what Treuer did — failure to report defective equipment, shortage/overage (although likely targeted at cashiers not meat-cutters), and substandard quality of work (what Quinlan was written up for in October 1995) — all merit only a reprimand on the first offense and some even on the second offense, with termination not occurring until at least the fourth infraction.
The handbook also sets forth Shop-Rite’s general use of three levels of discipline. First, a written reprimand could issue “[a]d-vising an employee of certain actions that were not acceptable to established operating policies ---- This is the first step of discipline to be administered.” (R. at 40, Ex. C at 21.) Next, an employee would receive a disciplinary lay-off without pay. (Id.) And, lastly, an employee would be terminated: “This is the final step of discipline and is to be followed after the first two means of counseling have not corrected the employee’s behavior, and when the offense is of such a serious nature that it requires this action at the first offence.” (Id., Ex. C at 22.)
These provisions from the handbook suggest that just cause for termination of employment at Shop-Rite’s store could range from very serious offenses such as theft and the failure to report theft to the accumulation of smaller infractions, and that the duty of loyalty to the employer includes the duty to report direct losses of merchandise or money. The Guidelines of Discipline, though, show that the small infractions meriting mere reprimands generally were not just cause for termination or considered serious breaches of any duty of loyalty.
Shop-Rite contends that Treuer showed a “flagrant disregard for the business interest of his employer.” (Reply Br. of Def. Shop-Rite at 7.) But Treuer has presented even other evidence that Shop-Rite’s reaction to his infraction — failure to report “Quinlan’s tare weight violation — was not “in keeping with the seriousness of the offense” as understood at the time — evidence that his failure to report did not rise to such a serious level as to merit termination”. Treuer has presented evidence that he was terminated for failing to report or correct an error that itself merited only a warning or written reprimand not only by the terms of the employee handbook but in practice as well. An employee contact sheet regarding Quinlan’s October 1995 tare weight violation indicated that “[o]n 10-24-95 Jason was wrapping meat, using wrong tares on packages. Jason must use correct tares on all packaged meat at all times. If he does not know the tares for meat product boats he should ask his supervisor.” Quinlan received a verbal warning for his October 1995 error and was warned that if the incident occurred again he would get a written reprimand. (R. at 40, Ex. A.) Quinlan appears to have done the same thing on May 3.
Together, the handbook and the discipline sheet for Quinlan’s prior infraction show that Treuer’s termination for failing to report a tare weight violation was excessive. Unlike the situation of theft, for which termination is the punishment for the offender and for anyone failing to report it, all of this evidence shows that consistent with the CBA and handbook, tare weight violations themselves usually merited mere verbal warnings or written reprimands. Yet Treuer’s failure to report such a violation or correct its results, according to defendants, constituted just cause for termination?
The difference between a tare weight violation such as Quinlan’s in October 1995 and that of May 3,1996, says Shop-Rite, was that the May 3 incident was not caught internally, but instead resulted in the involvement of the WDATCP and a fine, which cost Shop-Rite money and made the matter public and therefore likely more serious in the eyes of the employer. It is undisputed that Shop-Rite wanted to know who made the call to the WDATCP. But while Mortle’s call to the WDATCP rather than his employer may indeed be considered a violation of an implied duty of loyalty, Treuer did not do that. From his standpoint, his failure to report Quinlan’s May 3 error was just a passive disregard of another’s mistakes, not an intentional act to get his employer in trouble. Neither the CBA nor the handbook put Treuer on notice that this type of passive failure to report another’s mistakes would constitute such disloyalty as to justify termination. If just the commission of the tare weight violation is as serious as Shop-Rite suggests, then harsher treatment merely because the WDATCP actually finds out about the problem is unjustified.
The union says there was a possibility that Treuer was actively disloyal, as Mortle at one point during the investigation suggested that Treuer was with him when the call to the WDATCP was placed, although Mortle later recanted that story. Mortle’s implication of Treuer and poor credibility are the main factors the union gave Williams and now gives to me for its decision not to arbitrate Treuer’s case. According to Leifer, Mortle’s story kept changing and his testimony would be damaging at an arbitration hearing.
But who would call Mortle as a witness? If the union thought Mortle would be a bad witness, it would not call him. But from the union’s standpoint, changes in Mortle’s story should have helped Treuer, as they made the truth of his suggestion that Treuer was with Mortle when he called the WDATCP even less likely. Shop-Rite likely would not call Mortle either, as Mortle exhibited signs of hostility toward his employer by informing the WDATCP of the tare weight violation rather than notifying the employer first, and gave as his reason the fact that in his experience the company would not do anything about tare weight violations anyway.
The union apparently also gave to Williams the excuse that Treuer’s own testimony at his unemployment compensation hearings was inconsistent with other statements, although the union now has dropped that explanation for its failure to arbitrate and currently points to no specific contradictions made by Treuer himself.
Finally, the union indicated that Treuer’s admission that he did nothing to correct the tare weight violation made winning at arbitration unlikely. But adding up the fact that the CBA and employee handbook do not expressly require workers to report their coworkers’ infractions or impose a duty of loyalty on each employee to police all other employees’ violations of law or policy; the fact that under the CBA and in prior practice first-time tare weight violations themselves usually merited only a verbal warning or •written reprimand; and the fact that Mortle likely would not have been a witness at the arbitration, and, if he had testified, would probably have testified favorably to Treuer and his recanted testimony placing Treuer at the scene of the call would hardly have been credible; I think the union should easily have won Treuer’s arbitration.
That takes us then to the last chance agreement and whether accepting it was rational in light of the fact that a win at arbitration was virtually guaranteed; the union says that it thought the last chance agreement was a pretty good deal in light of the uncertainty of arbitration. Through the last chance agreement Treuer retained his seniority and position as journeyman meat-cutter at a company-owned store — equivalent to what he would have obtained at arbitration. The last chance agreement, however, indicated that the period of his suspension would remain marked in his personnel records as being a disciplinary suspension and final warning, meaning not only that Treuer received no back pay for that time but also that he had a serious blot on his employment record. This permanent stain on his record is a significant change for someone who, the evidence indicates, did nothing violative of the CBA or his job description. Most importantly, though, the last chance agreement provided that any “similar conduct” would result in immediate discharge. Although Treuer would be able to challenge the facts related to any such accusation, an arbitrator would have no authority to modify the penalty. It is this last matter that clinches my assessment that the last chance agreement gave up substantial rights that Treuer would have retained had he won at arbitration.
The union argues to me that its decision not to arbitrate cannot have been arbitrary because it also refused to arbitrate Mortle’s or Quinlan’s grievances. It appears, though, that Quinlan accepted his last chance agreement before the others, so the union never had to make an arbitration choice regarding him. In addition, Treuer was not in substantially the same position as either of the other men, and therefore the comparison is unpersuasive. Taking the facts in Treuer’s favor, Quinlan committed the violation, had committed a similar violation before yet had not learned from it, did not know the correct tare for T-bone steak packaging yet set the Hobart machine to .06 anyway, failed to report the problem to his supervisor as he had been instructed after the October 1995 violation, and knowingly allowed the incorrectly marked steaks to be put into the meat cooler for rotation into the display case. On these facts, he was clearly more culpable than Treuer in the incident and therefore the last chance agreement — identical to Treuer’s— was justified. Mortle was the senior employee in the cutting room, made the call to the WDATCP rather than notifying Shop-Rite first, and his changing story labelled him a liar and possible saboteur, justifying settlement of his grievance as well. Treuer had none of these problems. On the facts of this case it was more arbitrary to treat him just like the other two than it would have been to treat him individually.
I am not merely saying that I, or a jury, could reasonably find the grievance meritorious. I am saying instead that, taking all facts in Treuer’s favor, the' union’s success was virtually guaranteed and the defendants have made no colorable or rational argument supporting the union’s decision to settle the grievance through the last chance agreement rather than taking it to arbitration. The union’s decision to settle the grievance on terms that were substantially less than Treuer could have received had he won at arbitration was manifestly incorrect and thus irrational.
A union’s decision not to arbitrate a merit-less grievance can rarely, if ever, be considered irrational or arbitrary. Ooley, 961 F.2d at 1302. This case is the opposite end of the spectrum. Treuer’s grievance clearly was not meritless. Here, again taking all facts in Treuer’s favor, where the union chose not to arbitrate a grievance that had so much merit it was a virtually guaranteed winner, the decision was indeed irrational and arbitrary. I recognize that because of the extremely deferential standard of review, unions rarely lose summary judgment motions regarding arbitrariness, but they do not as a result have unfettered power to drop grievances having extremely strong merit. The claim will proceed to trial.
B. Bad Faith
Unlike the objective analysis of arbitrariness, allegations of bad faith trigger inquiry into the subjective motivation behind union action. Trnka, 30 F.3d at 63. Summary judgment is generally inappropriate where questions of motive and intent are in dispute, but if the union sufficiently demonstrates facts that belie the claim that its conduct was improperly motivated, the employee must come forward with sufficient contradictory evidence from which a reasonable jury could infer an unseemly intent. Richardson v. Kraft-Holleb Food Serv., Inc., 774 F.Supp. 1108, 1111 (N.D.Ill.1991), aff'd, 998 F.2d 1016 (7th Cir.1993).
Treuer first asserts that Leifer’s hostility on September 30, 1996 and afterward through the decision to settle rather than arbitrate establishes the bad faith necessary to survive summary judgment— according to Treuer Leifer grew to have a personal stake in denying Treuer the right to go to arbitration. A union’s refusal to handle a grievance on the basis of personal animosity violates the duty of fair representation. Conn v. GATX Terminals Corp., 18 F.3d 417, 420 (7th Cir.1994); see Ooley, 961 F.2d at 1303 (“[T]he union representatives put their personal interests ahead of the plaintiffs’ interests. Such self-protectionist motives are not appropriate for fiduciaries.”).
Whether in fact Leifer turned on Treuer when Treuer refused to sign the last chance agreement on September 30, 1996, is definitely disputed. Treuer states that Leifer yelled profanities at him, stated that he could not represent him any longer, and heatedly threatened to make sure Treuer’s grievance never went to arbitration, while Leifer says he never raised his voice at Treuer or threatened him at all.
But even assuming that Treuer’s version is true, Leifer’s anger by itself does not mean that the union acted in bad faith. Leifer did not make the decision not to press Treuer’s grievance to arbitration; Leifer could make only a recommendation to the union’s executive board. It is undisputed that the executive board had the final authority as to whether Treuer’s grievance would go to arbitration, and Treuer has presented no evidence that even one member of the executive board was affected by any hostility Leifer felt toward Treuer. In Conn, the Seventh Circuit held that even if a union representative’s animus underlies a recommendation not to arbitrate, the union does not breach its duty of fair representation where the union’s executive board makes its own assessment of the case and decides not to arbitrate. Conn, 18 F.3d at 420. “[T]he causal element that is a required part of every tort case is missing.” Id.
With one exception, the present case in this regard is the same as Conn. The exception is that Conn appeared before the board in person to tell his story, whereas here Treuer was not allowed to make such a personal plea. I find that difference immaterial. Treuer has conceded that his letter to the board contained his entire explanation and argument and there was nothing substantive that he would have added if he had appeared in person before the board. Similar to the situation in Conn, Treuer does not suggest that union representative Leifer withheld or misrepresented any of the actual facts or prevented the executive board from exercising a truly independent judgment. See also McKelvin, 124 F.3d at 868-69, in which the fact that the union representative was angry did not support any inference of bad faith where no evidence suggested that the anger affected representation of the employee. The causal element between Leifer’s anger and the board’s decision therefore is missing.
If Leifer’s hostility on September 30, 1996, was all Treuer had to go on, the bad faith claim would fail. Other evidence, though it is scant, does suggest, however, that the board did act against Treuer based on animosity when deciding not to arbitrate Treuer’s grievance.
Faced with his situation back in 1996, Treuer hired himself an attorney, which, taking all facts and inferences in his favor, did not sit well with the union. According to Treuer’s hired attorney, Gary Williams, in a discussion with union president Welch on October 9, 1996, Welch told Williams that there were “a lot of cooks in the kitchen,” which Williams took to refer to his own involvement in the case. This comment and its implication was echoed in an October 9,1996, letter from Leifer to Treuer in which Leifer stated on behalf of the union that “this Local Union does not believe that you need an agent to represent you to your agent of your employer.” The letter continued:
Therefore, please give us clear direction as to who represents you. If it is the Local Union or if it is Attorney Williams. If you elect to have Attorney Williams represent you, then this Local Union is hereby requesting that you sign a release absolving the Local Union of representing you any further.
(Letter from Leifer to Treuer of 10/9/96.)
The Seventh Circuit has recognized that while unions do have the right to limit the role of outside attorneys in the grievance process itself, the employee nevertheless has an important right to seek the advice of an attorney:
Employment disputes often involve complex issues of labor law, and it is understandable than an employee receiving union representation would also wish to speak to a private attorney about his case.... [U]nion attorneys not only represent individual employees, but the union as a whole. They are rightfully motivated by potentially conflicting concerns for the union and the collective bargaining process. Accordingly, union priorities may sometimes adversely affect the interests of the individual employee. Employees thus have an interest in retaining an attorney with no such conflict of interest to advise them of the process, their options and the merits of the case.
Garcia, 58 F.3d at 1179 (citing Seymour v. Olin Corp., 666 F.2d 202, 208 (5th Cir.1982).) In Seymour, the union told the employee it would not pursue his grievance unless he fired his attorney. He refused to do so and the union refused to pursue his claim. The Fifth Circuit found that that union’s refusal to process the grievance because Seymour had an attorney violated the union’s duty of fair representation.
There is a difference between merely restricting an attorney’s involvement in the actual grievance process and interfering with a union member’s right to consult outside counsel. Leifer’s letter can be interpreted either way. Taking everything in Treuer’s favor, however, Treuer received a letter that can be read to request that he choose between consulting with his attorney and continuing forward with union representation before Shop-Rite. Welch’s comment and Leifer’s letter together could support a reasonable jury finding that Treuer’s exercise of his right to seek the advice of counsel was a factor taken into consideration when the union addressed Treuer’s grievance. Welch was the union president and an executive board member, providing the causal link to the board’s actual decision. Treuer did not drop his attorney, and the union’s executive board soon thereafter chose not to pursue arbitration; an unseemly connection can reasonably be inferred.
Moreover, taking the reaction to Treuer’s hiring of an attorney by Welch as well as Leifer together with Leifer’s hostility on September 30, 1996, Treuer has provided enough support for a jury to reasonably find that personal animosity against him was the basis for the decision not to arbitrate his grievance.
C. The Employer’s Breach of Contract
As stated above, I believe the union had a sure-fire winner against Shop-Rite. Neither the CBA nor the employee handbook nor past practice indicated that Treuer’s actions constituted just cause for termination as opposed to a verbal warning or written reprimand. And at this time, Shop-Rite has not provided me with sufficient facts indicating that Treuer’s failure to report or correct Quinlan’s tare weight infraction was otherwise so serious and harmful to its business that it justified termination. Taking all facts and inferences in Treuer’s favor, he did not play any part in committing the infraction or causing the WDATCP to fine Shop-Rite. A jury could reasonably find that Treuer was not terminated with just cause and therefore a breach of the CBA occurred.
IV. CONCLUSION
THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that both the union’s and Shop-Rite’s motions for summary judgment are DENIED.
. See, e.g., CBA Art. Ill § 1(F)(1) (seniority broken by discharge for just cause), Art. VII § 3 (grievance procedure does not prohibit employer from discharging any employee for just cause), Art. XV (employer has exclusive right to suspend or discharge an employee for just cause).
. The CBA defines the apprentice position as follows:
An apprentice must be eighteen (18) years of age or older, learning all the details and developing the skills for performing the duties of a meat cutter. The company agrees to assign each apprentice to various jobs in order to give him/her the opportunity to qualify as a meat cutter at the end of forty-eight (48) months.
(CBA at 29.)
.By the terms of the CBA job descriptions, assistance to apprentices is implied as being part of the job of head meat-cutter:
The head meat cutter is a person assigned to run the department at store level and shall be a qualified journeyman meat cutter. Because of the greater working skill and experience, the head meat cutter must possess, he/she shall in the performance of their work direct, organize, and control the movements and operations of the less skilled employees in the department.
(CBA at 29.)
. The proper tare weight allowance for T-bones being packaged on May 3, 1996 was actually .03, so Quinlan went from overcharging the customers to undercharging them.
. At the time, however, Treuer did not know for a fact that Mortle had gone looking for the meat manager; Mortle told him only after the events of May 3 had unfolded.
. According to defendants, Leifer probably did ask Shop-Rite to see the security videotapes, but the company refused.
. The parties have differing interpretations of what Treuer meant or what Leifer understood when Treuer said he wanted his “job back.” Although mentioned often, the details of that dispute are immaterial for present purposes. All that is important is that Leifer thought the last chance agreement did obtain Treuer’s "job back” and Treuer thought it did not.
. In his brief opposing summary judgment, Treuer suggests Welch did not forward Treuer’s letter to the board members. Treuer, though, has no evidence to support that accusation and the burden was his — he for instance could have deposed Welch or another executive board member on the issue.
. The union thought that by its acceptance of the agreement Treuer retained any individual rights he had against the company, which was one of his concerns. The union pursued a separate grievance for Treuer relating to Shop-Rite’s alleged violation of the last chance agreement.
.In reviewing the documents in this case, I noted that I am mentioned in paragraph 45 of Treuer’s August 14, 1997 affidavit, which was prepared for the National Labor Relations Board; the affidavit is attached as exhibit A to document 43. In the affidavit, Treuer testifies that
[o]n about 1/14/97, Mortle spoke with State Representative Lynn Adelmann about the WDATCP report. The State Representative’s office indicated to Mortle that the Employer and WDATCP were sleeping together. Mortle also said that the State Representative’s office also provided him with the open records statute. I mailed a copy of the WDATCP report to the Governor’s Office in about 9/96. Mortle spoke with someone in the Governor's Office, who recommended that Mortle contact Adel-mann.
Even assuming that the WDATCP report to which Treuer refers regards the inspection of May 3, 1996, and disregarding the fact that Treuer is testifying to something that Mortle did and the hearsay of something thereafter related to Mortle (and ignoring the fact that the affidavit gets both my former title — state senator — and the spelling of my name wrong), I do not believe this mention of my office merits my recusal from this case under 28 U.S.C. § 455(a) or (b)(3). In regard to section 455(b)(3), if Mortle did indeed call I have no recollection of speaking with him directly, and it was my practice to let my staff members deal with such constituent concerns. There is no reference to any action my office, let alone I personally, took. In regard to section 455(a), the parties obviously do not think my impartiality may reasonably be questioned, as I have had this case for more than one year yet they never raised the issue. (Paragraph 45 was never referenced by either party and was buried in a thick attachment to one of plaintiff’s attorney's affidavits.) At the final pretrial conference held on January 6, 1999, all parties confirmed that they see no conflict justifying reassignment of the case.
. While the collective bargaining system as set up by Congress by necessity subordinates the interest of an individual employee to the collective interests of all employees in the bargaining unit, "the duty of fair representation has stood as a bulwark to prevent arbitrary union conduct against individuals stripped of traditional forms of redress by the provisions of federal labor law.” Vaca, 386 U.S. at 182, 87 S.Ct. 903.
. There is no proof, by the way, as to whether Quinlan's October 1995 mistake was corrected before meat was displayed or sold to the public.
. At deposition Treuer admitted that prior to September 30, 1996, Leifer had expressed no hostility toward him. And since the denial of arbitration Leifer and the union pursued a separate grievance for Treuer and Treuer has no complaints about bad faith in that matter.
. Shop-Rite contends that Leifer was merely making forth comments about the merits of Treuer’s case, which cannot justify a bad faith finding. I reject that argument. Leifer’s tone transformed any statement about the merits into hostility that can be considered.
.Williams’s testimony indicates he told union president Welch about Leifer’s hostility, but no evidence establishes that Welch concurred with Leifer’s reaction or that his own opinion was in any way affected by that knowledge.
. The Fifth Circuit actually analyzed whether the union’s action constituted arbitrary behavior rather than bad faith. In this case, however, the right to seek counsel’s advice falls under the bad faith prong, as it impacts whether the union felt animosity toward Treuer.
| CASELAW |
gyro
Definitions
• WordNet 3.6
• n gyro rotating mechanism in the form of a universally mounted spinning wheel that offers resistance to turns in any direction
• n gyro a Greek sandwich: sliced roast lamb with onion and tomato stuffed into pita bread
• ***
Usage
In literature:
Why, even the gyro compass has to be adjusted for latitude error.
"Where the Blue Begins" by Christopher Morley
Inside was a gyro-stabilizer to keep the whole device upright.
"Tom Swift and The Visitor from Planet X" by Victor Appleton
The gyros on each projectile had been preset for a circular flight of fifteen minutes' duration.
"Sabotage in Space" by Carey Rockwell
When the Platform was being built, its pilot-gyros had been built by a precision tool firm owned by Joe's father.
"Space Tug" by Murray Leinster
When more weight is taken aboard, or weight leaves the station, we have to adjust the gyro's speed.
"Danger in Deep Space" by Carey Rockwell
That gyro is necessary, too.
"Islands of Space" by John W Campbell
Or had he completely lost gyro synch?
"The Best Made Plans" by Everett B. Cole
Inside the ship Tom and Johnny strapped down while Greg made his final check-down on the engines, gyros and wiring.
"Gold in the Sky" by Alan Edward Nourse
The autopilot consulted its gyros, took some star sights, and asked the navigation computer some questions.
"Pushbutton War" by Joseph P. Martino
They weighed many times what the pilot gyros did, but even when they were spinning the pilot gyros stirred them.
"Space Platform" by Murray Leinster
Gyros were caged; the tapes were set to roll.
"Next Door, Next World" by Robert Donald Locke
He started the gyro motors, got the great wheels to spinning, and thus stopped the slow, end-over-end turning of the flier.
"Salvage in Space" by John Stewart Williamson
The room was spinning like the cabin of a gyro-gravved ship.
"Death of a Spaceman" by Walter M. Miller
Leaped from the gyro-van, sweeping his men out into a fan for the neighborhood.
"Zero Data" by Charles Saphro
His compass was out, the gyro-horizon had been removed and both clocks were stopped.
"A Yankee Flier Over Berlin" by Al Avery
The gyros are leaning her out over the sea.
"The Lost Kafoozalum" by Pauline Ashwell
The little gyro-car bumped down the road on its single wheel, down into a gorge, then out onto the flats.
"Martyr" by Alan Edward Nourse
But now it had gyroed broadside and was continuing to turn as it drifted slowly toward Brad and the box.
"Spillthrough" by Daniel F. Galouye
The car was equipped with an electrically operated gyro-compass, of no possible use to him.
"Sense of Obligation" by Henry Maxwell Dempsey (AKA Harry Harrison)
***
In poetry:
Mouth fills w/taste of copper.
Chinese paper. Foreign money. Old posters.
Gyro on a string, a table.
A coin spins. The faces.
"Wilderness" by James Douglas Morrison
In news:
Ole Town Gyros & Kabobs 402 E Main, Norman 447-0884.
There's only parking for six vehicles in front, but a window placard by the pink neon light promising " gyros " advises to head behind the building for more parking.
Better than a year-round Greek festival, the Z Café's gyro sandwich is amazingly pleasing, and well it should be.
There are gyro sandwiches, and then there are gyro sandwiches.
Julie Wheeler's chicken gyro salad.
Fire at gr gyros gyrosfire71411.
Health officials say anyone who ate at Tom's Gyros and Burgers between Aug 2 and 14 may have been exposed to the virus that causes inflammation of the liver.
However You Say It, Gyros Express Has What You're Looking For.
At the Alley Theater's Princess Bride Experience on Saturday, I discovered Gyros Express.
Food and Drink Features Greg Elwell I love gyros.
Lechler Inc.'s Gyro Tank Cleaning Nozzle is its largest free spinning model and is designed to clean medium to large size tanks from 10-20 feet in diameter.
Black & Decker has introduced the GYRO 4V MAX Lithium-ion Rechargeable Screwdriver (BDCS40G), a motion-activated screwdriver that controls variable speed and direction.
One of these was the Gyro, a compact 4-volt lithium-ion screwdriver.
One of these was the Gyro, a compact 4-volt lithium-ion screwdriver .
Restaurant Reviews Carol Smaglinski Enduring, simple favorites like gyros, kebabs and falafel are drawing customers into Edmond's Let's Do Greek.
***
In science:
Problem 2 In all derivations of the relativistic Fermi acceleration mechanism, the downstream magnetic field is required to be strongly turbulent on scales smaller than the typical gyro-radius (e.g.
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Collisionless Shocks and Synthetic Spectra
For an ion with a Lorentz factor γ = 15, this length corresponds roughly to 40 ion gyro radii in the average strength of the generated magnetic field.
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Collisionless Shocks and Synthetic Spectra
The theory predicts that the emitted energy spectrum should consist of a collection of peaks, positioned at the gyro-frequency and higher harmonics.
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Collisionless Shocks and Synthetic Spectra
As expected, the peaks are found at harmonics of the gyro eigenfrequency and the low energy part follows a power-law slope ω 2/3 .
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Collisionless Shocks and Synthetic Spectra
Relativistic Fermi acceleration requires the downstream magnetic field to be strongly turbulent on scales comparable to the gyro-resonant scale (e.g., Ostrowski and Bednarz 2002).
Gamma-Ray Bursts, Collisionless Shocks and Synthetic Spectra
Maleki, L., and Prestage, J. D., “SpaceTime Mission: Clock test of relativity at four solar radii”, in Gyros, Clocks, and Interferometers: Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space, vol. 562 of Lecture Notes in Physics, 369, (Springer, Berlin, Germany, 2001).
The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
We have tested this implementation of radiative cooling against the analytical result for a gyro-orbiting electron in a homogenous magnetic field and find excellent agreement (Hededal 2005).
Gamma-Ray Burst Synthetic Spectra from Collisionless Shock PIC Simulations
Further progress towards simpler models is achieved by showing that, for parallel scales smaller than the electron diffusion scale, kkλmfpi ≫ (me/mi )1/2 , and perpendicular scales larger than the electron gyroscale, k⊥ρe ≪ 1, the electrons are a magnetized isothermal fluid while ions must be treated (gyro)kinetically.
Astrophysical gyrokinetics: kinetic and fluid turbulent cascades in magnetized weakly collisional plasmas
It was anticipated in the development of gyro fluid moment hierarchies by Dorland & Hammett (1993).
Astrophysical gyrokinetics: kinetic and fluid turbulent cascades in magnetized weakly collisional plasmas
It is interesting to note the connection between the entropy cascade and certain aspects of the gyro fluid closure formalism developed by Dorland & Hammett (1993).
Astrophysical gyrokinetics: kinetic and fluid turbulent cascades in magnetized weakly collisional plasmas
The reason is that their gyro-orbits, after having suffered reflection from the shock ramp, lie completely upstream, outside the shock ramp, such that they do not touch the shock ramp again after reflection.
Fundamentals of Non-relativistic Collisionless Shock Physics: IV. Quasi-Parallel Supercritical Shocks
Indicated are the bulk upstream flow, field-ligned ion beam, and the gyro-phase bunched residue of the diffuse upstream ions [after 57].
Fundamentals of Non-relativistic Collisionless Shock Physics: IV. Quasi-Parallel Supercritical Shocks
Moreover, since magnetic fields are weak and the ratio ωpe /ωec > 1 of electron plasma to electron cyclotron frequency is larger than one, gyro-synchrotron emission is unimportant.
Fundamentals of Non-relativistic Collisionless Shock Physics: IV. Quasi-Parallel Supercritical Shocks
The horizontal line upstream at 300 Hz is the electron gyro-frequency, downstream of the shock it fluctuates strongly around 1 kHz.
Fundamentals of Non-relativistic Collisionless Shock Physics: IV. Quasi-Parallel Supercritical Shocks
It is interesting to note that this factors appears in Eqs. (15)-(18) as a multiple of Γ0 , although they come from different sources (F from the propagator and Γ0 from gyro-average of the mode potential).
Trapping, anomalous transport and quasi-coherent structures in magnetically confined plasmas
*** | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
John Barnes
John Charles Bryan Barnes (born 7 November 1963) is a former professional football player and manager. Often considered one of the greatest England players of all time, Barnes currently works as an author, as well as a commentator and pundit for ESPN and SuperSport. Initially a quick, skilful left winger, he moved to central midfield later in his career. Barnes won two League titles and two FA Cups with Liverpool. He was also an FA Cup runner-up with Watford, Liverpool and Newcastle United. He earned 79 international caps for England.
Barnes was born and raised in Jamaica as the son of a military officer from Trinidad and Tobago and a Jamaican mother. He moved to London, England, with his family when he was 12 years old. He joined Watford aged 17 in 1981, before playing 296 competitive games for them, scoring 85 goals. He debuted for England in 1983, and in 1987 joined Liverpool for £900,000. In his ten seasons there, Liverpool won the then-top-flight First Division twice and the FA Cup twice. He scored 106 goals in 403 matches. By the time of his last cap, in 1995, he had more caps than any other black England player. After two years at Newcastle United, he ended his playing career at Charlton Athletic in 1999. Barnes had eight months as Celtic head coach when his former Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish was director of football. He has since managed the Jamaica national team, in 2008–09, and English club Tranmere Rovers, for four months in 2009.
Barnes was the PFA Players' Player of the Year once (in 1987–88) and the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year twice (in 1987–88 and 1989–90). In 2005, he was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame. In 2006, in a poll of Liverpool fans' favourite players, Barnes came fifth; a year later, FourFourTwo magazine named him Liverpool's best all-time player. In 2016, The Times readers voted him England's greatest-ever left-footed player.
Barnes has published two books: John Barnes: The Autobiography (1999), which was followed by The Uncomfortable Truth About Racism (2021), both of which were met with a largely positive reception. In 2022, he returned to Liverpool as an official Club Ambassador.
Early life
Barnes was born in Jamaica, to Roderick Kenrick "Ken" Barnes (a Trinidadian) and Frances Jeanne Hill (a Jamaican). Ken Barnes hailed from Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago emigrating to Jamaica in 1956 as a member of the West India Regiment. He joined the Jamaica Defence Force when formed after the nation's 1962 independence when he was initially commanding officer of the 1st Battalion Jamaica Regiment. In 1973, he was promoted to colonel remaining in the army until retiring in 1989. While in the army, he was a semi-professional footballer for a Jamaica National Premier League club and also captained the Jamaica national football team. Barnes spent his early childhood living in Jamaica's biggest military base, playing football and living a disciplined life. His father was president of the Jamaica Amateur Swimming Association and later formed Jamaica's first bobsleigh team.
Barnes' father was a huge squash and football fan who encouraged his son to pursue sports, having named him after Welsh footballer John Charles. Ken Barnes, who was promoted to Colonel in 1973, was appointed Defence adviser to the High Commission of Jamaica, London (1976–1981), and Barnes moved to London with his family in January 1976, when he was 12 years old. He attended the rugby-playing St Marylebone Grammar School then a short stint at Haverstock School, Camden Town. While at school he played four years of youth football at the Stowe Boys Club in Paddington.
Watford
Barnes was noticed by Watford as a teenager while playing for Middlesex League club Sudbury Court. After a successful trial game in Watford's reserves, Barnes signed on 14 July 1981 for the fee of a set of kits.
Barnes debuted aged 17 as a substitute on 5 September 1981 in a Football League Second Division 1–1 home draw with Oldham Athletic. With manager Graham Taylor, Watford were eight months away from completing a five-year rise from the Fourth Division to the First.
Barnes quickly established himself as a regular player and scored 12 Second Division goals as Watford were promoted, as runners-up to fierce rivals Luton Town to the top flight of English football at the end of season 1981–82. Watford finished runners-up for the League title to Liverpool the season after. Watford lost the 1984 FA Cup final as under-dogs 2–0 to Everton. Watford lost a 1986–87 FA Cup semi-final to Tottenham Hotspur.
At the end of the 1986–87 season, Taylor called time on his 10-year spell as Watford manager to take charge at Aston Villa. His successor, Dave Bassett, resigned to losing Barnes to a bigger club, gave Alex Ferguson the chance to sign Barnes for Manchester United. Ferguson rejected the offer still having faith in United's left winger Jesper Olsen. Ferguson later admitted that he regretted not signing Barnes, especially as Barnes helped extend Liverpool's dominance in England by three seasons, while Olsen fell out of favour at Old Trafford and had left by the end of 1988, with his successors Ralph Milne and Danny Wallace failing to live up to expectations. Ferguson's United waited until 1990 to win a major trophy and 1993 to win the league title. Barnes left Watford after scoring 65 goals in 233 league appearances.
Liverpool
Barnes arrived at Kenny Dalglish's Liverpool in the same close season as England teammate Peter Beardsley and linked up with new signings John Aldridge and Ray Houghton. He signed for the club on 9 June 1987. He debuted for the Reds along with Beardsley on 15 August in the 2–1 league win at Arsenal at Highbury. After nine minutes, Barnes and Beardsley combined to set up Aldridge to score. Barnes' first Liverpool goal was on 12 September beating Oxford United 2–0 at Anfield.
In Barnes' first Liverpool season, they won the League title, remaining undefeated for the first twenty-nine games of the season. Barnes' fifteen Liverpool league goals in his first season there was second only to John Aldridge. The 2–1 defeat at Nottingham Forest on 2 April was the last of only two league defeats that season. Eleven days later, Barnes, Beardsley, Houghton and Aldridge were instrumental in Liverpool's 5–0 home win over Forest described by Tom Finney as "One of the finest exhibition I've seen the whole time I've played and watched the game. You couldn't see it bettered anywhere, not even in Brazil." The double however was thwarted by Lawrie Sanchez' Wimbledon goal beating Liverpool 1–0 in the 1988 FA Cup final. Barnes was a key performer on the "Anfield Rap"; the club's cup final song that UK charted at number 3. Barnes was voted PFA Player of the Year.
In the summer of 1988, Ian Rush re-signed for Liverpool. Following the death of 96 Liverpool fans in April 1989 as a result of the Hillsborough disaster, Barnes attended several funerals and visited the injured in hospital. He pulled out of an England international friendly in order to fulfil these public duties. Liverpool won the 1989 FA Cup final with a 3–2 victory over Merseyside rivals Everton, with Barnes creating goals from the left wing for Rush. In the 1988–89 title decider at Anfield, Arsenal's Michael Thomas' 92nd minute, league winning goal occurred in their counter-attack 17 seconds after Barnes lost ball possession attempting to dribble past Kevin Richardson.
Barnes played in the 1990 title winning side at Liverpool and scored 22 league goals from the left wing – the highest goal tally of his career. Ian Rush scored four fewer league goals than Barnes. Barnes was voted Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year, and expectations from England manager Bobby Robson were also high, seeing Barnes as a key component in the buildup to the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Beardsley has since said Barnes at the end of the 1980s was "The best player I ever played with, bar none. For three or four years at the end of the '80s, John was possibly the best player in the world."
Barnes continued to play regularly for Liverpool and England into the 1990s. In the 1990–91 season, he scored 16 league goals. Arsenal were league champions in the season of Dalglish's resignation and his replacement by Graeme Souness as manager. Liverpool had qualified for the 1991–92 UEFA Cup, being readmitted to European competitions a year after the ban on all other English clubs in European competitions since the Heysel disaster in 1985 had been lifted. This was the first time Barnes had played in European competitions since Watford's 1983–84 UEFA Cup campaign. However, Barnes missed most of the 1991–92 season due to a succession of injuries and played just 12 league games, scoring once, as Liverpool finished sixth in the league – their lowest finish in two decades and the first time since 1981 that they had failed to finish champions or runners-up. Liverpool won the 1992 FA Cup final, but Barnes missed the game through injury. The next month in June he was injured playing for England in Helsinki in a warm up game before Euro 92. Barnes was out injured for five months. He never recovered his explosive burst of speed that had been a key element of his play. He was now past his playing peak.
Barnes and several other senior players had frosty relationships with Souness during this period as the manager tried to impose new methods quickly. Many senior pros resented his hard discipline approach as well as the increased pressure in training. Barnes also once had to make a public apology to Souness after he gave an interview criticising the tactics employed by the manager before an important match. Young teammate Robbie Fowler also said in his autobiography that Souness felt at the time Barnes was past his best, but in Fowler's (and others') opinion he still had a lot to offer and was still one of the most talented players at the club.
Souness later stated in his autobiography that Barnes, due to his injuries, was now taking a "less demanding" central midfield playmaker's role as opposed to a goalscoring winger. Despite the effects of the injuries, Barnes was still regarded as one of the club and country's best players and Souness noted that Barnes "Retained his quality on the ball, using it well and rarely losing possession". Mark Walters, who had played for Souness at Rangers, had been purchased as cover/competition for Barnes but failed to displace him.
After Liverpool's league title in 1990, they were usurped by Arsenal, Leeds United, Manchester United and Blackburn Rovers each winning the league at least once. Under Roy Evans, Barnes and younger players like Steve McManaman, Jamie Redknapp and Fowler (who had been given their debuts by either Dalglish or Souness) won the 1994–95 Football League Cup and were 1996 FA Cup final runners-up due to Eric Cantona's goal that gave United a second league and FA Cup double in three seasons. Liverpool's Spice Boys team drew stinging criticism for wearing matching cream Armani suits to the final.
By the mid-1990s, Barnes had been moved from the left wing to the position of a holding midfielder. He often captained the side in 1995–96 when regular captain Rush lost his place to new signing Stan Collymore. When Rush departed to Leeds United at the season's end Barnes became full-time captain. Barnes created the final goal after a dribble and passing movement for Collymore during Liverpool's 4–3 win against Newcastle at Anfield, which is often considered the greatest game in Premier League history.
Jamie Carragher debuted for the Liverpool first team in January 1997 and said that despite the 33-year-old Barnes now being past his peak, he was still the best player at the club. "Technically, he's the best player I've ever trained or played with, he was great with both feet, they were both exactly the same. I'd say he's the best finisher I've ever played with (including Torres, Fowler, Owen). Barnes never used to blast his shots – they'd just get placed right in the corner. You speak with the players from those great Liverpool sides and ask them who the best player they played with was and they all say John Barnes," Carragher commented.
On 13 August 1997, three months before his 34th birthday, after 10 years at Liverpool with 407 appearances, 108 goals, and five major trophies, Barnes left on a free transfer. He had missed just three Premier League games in his final season at Anfield, scoring four goals (including a memorable late winner against Southampton just after Christmas) as they had led the table for much of the first half of the season before being overhauled by eventual champions Manchester United at the end of January and having to settle for a fourth-place finish. Paul Ince, with a completely contrasting combative style, was signed from Inter Milan to replace Barnes in central midfield.
Newcastle United
Barnes was subsequently snapped up by former teammate and manager Kenny Dalglish, who was managing Newcastle United. Although an approach had already been made by Harry Redknapp of West Ham United, Barnes had agreed in principle to join them, until at the final moment Dalglish called him, and Barnes changed his mind. In the 1997–98 season, Barnes played up front, mostly, deputising for Alan Shearer after he was injured for most of the season, and Barnes ended up Newcastle's top league scorer with six goals, highlighting the Magpies' lack of ability to score in the absence of the injured Shearer, while Les Ferdinand and Peter Beardsley had both been sold. Former Liverpool colleague Ian Rush and England colleague Stuart Pearce were also drafted in for the 1997–98 season. Pearce has since stated in his autobiography, Psycho, that he felt Barnes was overweight by the time he joined Newcastle and that both Barnes and Rush had less desire than himself to win at that stage in their careers as they had already won everything, and that they could have had more of an edge to them.
Newcastle (the previous season's Premier League runners-up) endured a disappointing league campaign and finished 13th, although they did reach the 1998 FA Cup final, and Barnes went onto the field for the fourth FA Cup final of his career as the club finished runners-up. Additionally, Barnes played in the UEFA Champions League, including in the club's 3-2 victory over Barcelona. Following the sacking of Dalglish early in the 1998–99 season, he was left isolated and shunned along with a number of Dalglish and Keegan era players including Pearce and Rob Lee. Barnes with many others was dropped from the first team by new manager Ruud Gullit and spent several months in the reserves despite, in his opinion, "excelling in training" and showing he had lost none of his quality if some of his pace. He felt that himself and others were deliberately being cold shouldered to make it known Gullit wanted his own players in; Barnes had worked briefly with Gullit during the 1998 World Cup ITV commentary team, and they had played numerous international matches played against each other in the 1980s and 1990s, but they were not friends. Barnes knew it was the last straw when even his MBE from the Queen was overlooked by Gullit after a presentation had been given to Pearce for receiving one – this was in the winter of 1998 and he knew he was unwanted. Barnes left the club on a free transfer to newly promoted Charlton Athletic on 10 February 1999.
Charlton Athletic
Barnes made his debut for Charlton Athletic on 13 February 1999, coming on as a substitute in a 1–0 home win over Liverpool. He made a further 11 league appearances that season, mostly as a substitute, and did not score any goals. Defeat on the final day of the season relegated the Addicks back to Division One, and Barnes announced his retirement as a player after 20 years.
Celtic
During his short spell as Celtic manager, Barnes would later register as a player, although he did not make an appearance for the Scottish side.
Racism
During his playing career, Barnes (like other Black players of his era) was frequently the target of racial abuse from the terraces. At one of his first appearances at Anfield, Barnes said that the tea lady had, intentionally or unintentionally, served tea to all the players in the lounge except him, and he made a joke about it by asking light-heartedly, "Is it because I'm Black?" As well as being abused by opposition players, on occasions Barnes reported overhearing teammates making racist remarks towards other black players in opposition teams. One instance of racial abuse by a section of Everton supporters in the Merseyside derby at Anfield led to Everton chairman Philip Carter disowning the offending supporters, branding them "scum".
The highest profile racial incident of his career was captured in a photograph where Barnes, in full Liverpool kit and mid-match, casually backheeled away a banana which had been hurled at him during a 1988 match with Everton at Goodison Park.
International career
Although born in Jamaica, Barnes had no intention of representing Jamaica at international level as the "Reggae Boyz had not yet made a significant mark on world football and he was eager to get to the game's biggest stage".
At the time of Barnes' international career, FIFA's national team eligibility criteria allowed British passport holders to represent one of the British football associations if they had no blood ties to the United Kingdom. Barnes had already planned to represent England where he had lived since the age of 12. Barnes said: "the only reason I played for England was because they were the first to ask...if Scotland had asked [first]...You go and play for Scotland."
Barnes debuted for Bobby Robson's England on 28 May 1983 as a second-half substitute for Watford teammate Luther Blissett in a 0–0 draw at Northern Ireland's Windsor Park in the British Championship. Blissett was the fifth and Barnes the seventh black full England football internationals.
England failed to qualify for the 1984 European Championships, so instead toured South America. On 10 June 1984, against Brazil, Barnes dribbled through several Brazilian defenders and rounded Roberto Costa to score in a friendly match at Rio de Janeiro's Estádio do Maracanã. In his early England days, he and fellow black player Mark Chamberlain were subjected to threats from racist groups. Barnes was abused by supporters of the National Front on the plane back from South America in June 1984; with the group claiming that England had only won 1–0 against Brazil because Barnes' goal "didn't count".
Robson did not use Barnes at the 1986 World Cup until the quarter-final with 15 minutes left when trailing 2–0 against Argentina. (BBC commentator Barry Davies shouted: "Go on! Run at them!" when Barnes was given the ball), setting up a goal for Gary Lineker and laying on another chance denied by the head of Lineker's Argentine marker. England were eliminated with Barnes praised for his contribution and many asked why he had not played more nor in previous games. It was after the World Cup that Barnes became a British passport holder. Speaking in 2008, Barnes said "I don't even know if the English F.A. didn't know that I wasn't born there and wasn't brought up there...maybe I played (for England) illegally, right?"
As part of a front four with Lineker, Peter Beardsley, and Chris Waddle, England lost all three of their group games at the 1988 European Championships. However, Robson stayed in his job.
Barnes pulled out of England's first international game after the Hillsborough disaster due to grief he felt at the time. In his absence, England won the World Cup qualifier against Albania 5–0 at Wembley on 26 April 1989.
In the lead up to the 1990 World Cup, Barnes played several times as a forward alongside Lineker, and in a warm up game against Uruguay played well and scored a half volley from a Stuart Pearce cross. Barnes again rapped this time in New Order's UK Number 1, "World in Motion", tie-in song. At the World Cup, he injured his groin against Belgium, shortly after his volleyed goal was wrongly disallowed for offside. England went out to West Germany on penalties in the semi-final.
In June 1992 against Finland in Helsinki in England's last warm up game before the 1992 European Championships, he tore his achilles tendon. He was injured for five months. In his absence England were eliminated at the group phase. On his return he had lost his explosive burst of speed and was now past his peak.
In a Wembley 1994 World Cup qualifier against San Marino, Barnes was booed by an entire section of England fans after the whole team played poorly. Barnes later believed an article attributed to Jimmy Greaves in the Daily Mirror, which cited his supposed support for the West Indies cricket team and questioned his loyalty to the England team, had influenced the crowd to boo.
He earned a surprise England recall in 1994 under Terry Venables and was in the squad in the run up to Euro 96 after improved form for Liverpool, although he was not selected for the final tournament squad despite England not having an established left-sided alternative.
Barnes' 79 caps (10 goals) made him England's record capped black player for a time. Compared to his club form, he was never seen as a player who peaked wearing an England shirt. Robson described him as the "Greatest enigma" of his career; whilst including him for his all time dream team England squad of all the players he had picked as manager in his 1990 book "Against All Odds" (placing him on the bench), he was baffled at Barnes's inconsistency. He described Barnes as being a player of "the highest calibre" but sometimes being unable to reach for that bit extra when he or captain Bryan Robson shouted at him to take more players on.
Barnes has since said he felt the systems England played were "rigid" focusing on speed, aggression, and attacking through the centre rather than patient, passing play. He also said he could receive the ball as few as six or seven times in a game whereas at Liverpool he may receive it more than twenty times, and he had more freedom under Kenny Dalglish who did not ask him to stay on the left wing all the time. England also had a very different system to Liverpool at the time, who were much more free-flowing, and later said that to have got the best out of him, they would have needed a similar system to the one used by Dalglish, which was never likely to happen. He also cited Glenn Hoddle and Chris Waddle as players he felt England were unable to get the best out of.
Newspapers at the time of his England career even queried whether his disciplinarian upbringing in Jamaica to a military family and rumoured beatings as a child from his parents had contributed to his underperformance as an England footballer.
After 12 years Barnes won his 79th and last cap on 6 September 1995 in a 0–0 friendly draw with Colombia at Wembley that contained extrovert Colombian goalkeeper René Higuita's 'Scorpion Kick.' Barnes was in the top ten most capped players list for eleven years until David Beckham and then Gary Neville edged him from ninth to 11th.
In 1999, Tony Adams picked Barnes to be in his England dream team in his book Addicted, citing that Barnes "could pass, move, dribble, had Brazilian style movement... what more could you want?" He also backed Barnes's view that England at times used rigid systems.
Celtic
In a "dream ticket" style move, Barnes was appointed head coach of Celtic on 8 June 1999, working under Kenny Dalglish as director of football. After his appointment he later re-registered himself as a player but never played a competitive game for Celtic. He was sacked 8 months into his tenure following a home 3–1 1999–2000 Scottish Cup defeat by lower division Inverness Caledonian Thistle in February. The result led to the newspaper headline, "Super Caley go ballistic, Celtic are atrocious". Dalglish took over first-team duties until the end of the season. Although Dalglish won the League Cup in the process, his contract was not renewed and the board decided to replace him with Martin O'Neill.
Jamaica
Barnes entered discussions with the Jamaica Football Federation in September 2008 regarding the possibility of him managing the Jamaica national team. On 16 September 2008, Barnes was appointed as manager of Jamaica announcing Mike Commane as his assistant. Barnes guided his new Jamaican charges to a first-place finish in the 2008 Caribbean Championships, qualifying as the top Caribbean side for the 2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup.
In February 2009, Barnes told Sky Sports that he wanted to return to club management if the opportunity arose. It was reported in May 2009 that Barnes contacted English League Two side Port Vale to see whether he could replace out-going manager Dean Glover. Ultimately, though, the potential move to Port Vale did not happen. Instead, on 14 June 2009 he confirmed that he was to be appointed manager of League One side Tranmere Rovers.
Tranmere Rovers
Barnes was officially named as manager of Tranmere Rovers on 15 June 2009, with Jason McAteer assisting him. He got off to a disastrous start, with Tranmere only winning three of their first fourteen games. On 9 October 2009, Barnes was sacked by the club six days after a 5–0 defeat at Millwall and a run of just two wins from eleven league games.
Accolades
Former England international Tom Finney remarked that "players like John Barnes come along just once in a lifetime." Twice in his career, Barnes was voted Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year. He also won the PFA Players' Player of the Year. Barnes was voted England's "greatest left foot" by readers of The Times in 2016, ahead of Chris Waddle and Jimmy Greaves. Barnes was inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame in 2005 in recognition of his contribution to the English game.
The Liverpool fans' adoration for "Digger" (he was nicknamed after the character Digger Barnes in the American soap opera Dallas) was emphasised when he finished in the top 5 of the poll 100 Players Who Shook The Kop which was conducted by the official Liverpool Football Club web site in the summer of 2006. More than 110,000 supporters worldwide voted for their 10 favourite players of all time, Barnes finished 5th behind Robbie Fowler (4th), Ian Rush (3rd), Steven Gerrard (2nd) and the man that signed him three times (for Liverpool, Newcastle and Celtic) Kenny Dalglish (1st).
He also appears frequently as a selection in FourFourTwo magazine's Perfect XI, a choice in which current and former professional footballers select the best 11 players they have ever seen, played with or against, including selections by Michael Owen, Steve McManaman, Peter Beardsley, Ian Wright and Jamie Carragher.
Music career
He performed the Keith Allen-penned rap section of New Order's "World in Motion" as well as appearing on the track "Anfield Rap", a Liverpool FA Cup final song, rapping the lyrics "Liverpool FC is hard as hell/United, Tottenham, Arsenal", and performing lead rap in Liverpool's '96 cup final song "Pass & Move (It's the Liverpool Groove)".
"World in Motion" reached #1 in the charts and spent 18 weeks in the UK top 75 (including re-releases in 2002 and 2010) although Barnes was only paid a flat rate of £200 and received no royalties. "Anfield Rap" reached #3 and spent 6 weeks in the top 75, and "Pass & Move" reached #4 and spent 4 weeks in the top 75.
The rap portion of "World in Motion" is the most remembered part of the original song, becoming an iconic piece of English football culture in its own right, familiar to subsequent generations of England football fans not yet born by 1990.
Personal life
Barnes was first married to and subsequently divorced Suzy, with whom he has two sons and two daughters. Barnes' second wife is called Andrea and they have two daughters and a son.
With fellow former footballers Les Ferdinand and Luther Blissett, he founded Team48 Motorsport, a team aiming to promote young racing drivers of African-Caribbean background. In 2008, the team entered the British Touring Car Championship, running Alfa Romeos for white Jamaican Matthew Gore and 18-year-old black Briton Darelle Wilson. However, the project never got off the starting line and the team failed to show up for any of the races.
A few days after being sacked by Tranmere, Barnes was declared bankrupt. He has described the bankruptcy as a technicality, saying: "The bankruptcy issue is a tax oversight which is being dealt with." Barnes' claims of the bankruptcy being a "tax oversight" proved true and the order was quickly overturned.
Media, charity work and politics
As a sporting icon in England in the early 1990s Barnes appeared in a commercial for the energy drink Lucozade, launching their Lucozade Sport drink. Barnes became a pundit on ITV and a presenter of the football coverage on Five as well as having his own weekly football discussion show on LFC TV called The John Barnes Show, every Thursday. He also worked as an ambassador for Save the Children. Barnes has appeared on several shows and media outlets to promote his charity work, including a notable appearance on Soccer AM in February 2009 performing the "World in Motion" rap and a parody of the mistimed advert by ITV in the previous week's Everton vs. Liverpool FA Cup tie, with Barnes' "Under-11 World Champion Baton-twirling" routine missed by mock commercials. In 2001, Barnes appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank.
In 2000, Barnes presented a one off soccer special with Lisa Rogers entitled The Pepsi World Challenge, devised and produced by Nathan Carey and airing on Channel 5 in the UK. The show was edited with local presenters around the world.
He was the subject of a This is Your Life programme in 2001, when he was surprised by Michael Aspel.
Barnes competed in the fifth series of Strictly Come Dancing which started in October 2007. His dance partner was Nicole Cutler. They finished in seventh place. He was also the first male celebrity to receive a ten from the judges, which he got for his salsa.
After an absence of nearly eight years, Barnes returned to football in late 2007. He agreed to run several coaching clinics across the Caribbean for young players with the possibility of them joining Premier League side Sunderland on trial.
He made a guest appearance as himself in episode 10 of Series 6 of Waterloo Road that was aired on BBC One on Wednesday, 27 October 2010.
He has been used as a pundit in ESPN's coverage of the 2009–10 FA Cup, and in SuperSport's coverage of the 2010–11 UEFA Champions League, in South Africa.
He appeared on Russell Howard's Good News best bits show on Thursday, 15 December 2011, as his Mystery Guest. In the show he was dressed as Santa Claus and along with Russell Howard he performed his famous rap from New Order's "World in Motion".
On 17 October 2012, Barnes featured in series 9, episode 9 of the BBC series Who Do You Think You Are?.
Barnes has suggested the Rooney Rule, used in the National Football League (NFL), which requires teams to interview minority candidates for coaching positions, should be adopted by the Premier League.
In 2016 in the run-up to the 2016 EU referendum, Barnes refuted Michael Gove's claim that he wished the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, clarifying that he supports continued UK membership of the EU.
In January 2018, Barnes participated as a housemate on the twenty-first series of Celebrity Big Brother.
On 21 February 2019, Barnes was a guest on Question Time, commenting on racism and discrimination in society.
International
* Source:
* Scores and results list England's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Barnes goal. ''
Managerial statistics
* As of 6 September 2009
Player
Liverpool
* Football League First Division: 1987–88, 1989–90
* FA Cup: 1988–89, 1991–92
* Football League Cup: 1994–95
* FA Charity Shield: 1988, 1989, 1990
Manager
Jamaica
* Caribbean Cup: 2008
Individual
* PFA Players' Player of the Year: 1988
* FWA Footballer of the Year: 1988, 1990
* PFA First Division Team of the Year: 1987–88, 1989–90, 1990–91
* PFA Team of the Century (1977–1996): 2007
* Member of the Order of the British Empire: 1998
* Inducted into the English Football Hall of Fame: 2005 | WIKI |
Basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates survival of nonneuronal cells developing from trunk neural crest
Chaya Kalcheim*
*Corresponding author for this work
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
64 Scopus citations
Abstract
The influence of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a central nervous system (CNS)-derived molecule, on survival of trunk neural crest cells was investigated. As previously shown (C. Kalcheim and N. M. Le Douarin, 1986, Dev. Biol. 116, 451-466), the interposition of untreated silastic membranes between neural tube and neural crest cells of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) anlage led to selective death of neural crest cells that remained distally located with respect to the implants. Membranes were then treated with laminin and bFGF (100 ng/ml) and implanted. Under these conditions, rescued cells were observed for over 30 hr after grafting in 15 of 19 embryos. In contrast, no surviving cells could be found in any of 10 control embryos implanted with laminin-treated silastic membranes. We have also investigated the effects of bFGF on survival of identified subpopulations of trunk neural crest cells cultured with somite cells in a serum-free, chemically defined medium. bFGF promoted a dose-dependent increase in the number of HNK-1-positive nonneuronal cells in 1- to 4-day-old cultures (1.8- to 8.2-fold over controls using FGF at concentrations of 10 pg/ml to 1 ng/ml, respectively). FGF had no mitogenic effect on the neural crest-derived nonneuronal cells since the number of HNK-1-immunoreactive nonneuronal cells having incorporated [3H]thymidine into their nuclei remained unchanged in control as compared to treated cultures. However, the same concentrations of FGF were found to stimulate the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into acid-insoluble material in somite cultures devoid of neural crest. Moreover, bFGF significantly enhanced survival of nonneuronal cells in pure neural crest cultures established from neural crest clusters, thus demonstrating a direct effect of bFGF on survival and/or differentiation of neural crest-derived nonneuronal cells. These data support the hypothesis that CNS-derived molecules influence early development of selective subsets of neural crest cells developing into sensory ganglia.
Original languageAmerican English
Pages (from-to)1-10
Number of pages10
JournalDevelopmental Biology
Volume134
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1989
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:
The author is grateful to Professor Israel Vlodavsky for helpful suggestions. The excellent technical assistance of Ms. Chana Carmeli is warmly acknowledged. We also thank Ms. Mindy Slupski for the preparation of the typescript and the Takeda Co. (Japan) for kindly providing recombinant bFGF. This work was supported by grants from the Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA) and the Israel Academy for Sciences and Humanities.
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Rudd's New Selection
Rudd's New Selection is a 1921 Australian silent film directed by Raymond Longford based on the Dad and Dave stories by Steele Rudd. It is a sequel to On Our Selection (1920). The plot concerns the marriage of Dave Rudd (Tal Ordell) and introduces a sister, Nell (Lottie Lyell).
Although popular on release, the movie is now considered lost.
Synopsis
The movie is set eight years after the events of On Our Selection. The Rudd family are now more prosperous, but Dad is as autocratic as ever. His children are grown up and the baby twins are up to mischief Dave is married and tries to do as little work as possible, but is forced to do so by his wife and domineering mother.
Dave's sister Nell is pursued by the Regan brothers, the younger of whom, Jim, was a decorated returned soldier, the elder, Jack, a drunkard. The two brothers fight over Nell and Jack commits suicide. Jim is arrested for his murder but the truth comes out at the end and he and Nell are married.
There are other comic subplots, including one where Mr Dandelioon, a prohibitionist candidate for parliament, visits the Rudds and Joe laces his tea with rum.
Cast
* J.P. O'Neill as Dad Rudd
* Ada Clyde as Mum
* Tal Ordell as Dave Rudd
* Lottie Lyell as Nell
* Charlotte Beaumont as Sarah
* Gilbert Emery as Mr Dandelion
* Louis Fors as Joe
* Billy Williams as Jack Regan
* Ernest T Hearn as Jim Regan
* Dick Varley as storekeeper
* Clyde Marsh as Trooper Brady
* May Renne as Lily
* William Coulter as Grogan
* Ada St Claire as Mrs Banks
* Meadow Peel as Matilda
* Anne Parsons as Mrs McFluster
Production
Shooting began in late 1920 on location in the Megalong Valley, with interiors shot in the Carrolls' Studio at Waverly. The romantic male lead was Ernest Hearne, an ex-soldier from Queensland.
Rudall Hayward worked on the film as an assistant.
Reception
Reviews were good.
Box Office
Steele Rudd later claimed the film earned £2345 in one cinema alone, from which the producers earned £519. This sort of return helped disillusion him with the film industry. | WIKI |
Version Matrix
Play prometheus filters
Build Status Coverage Status This play library provides four types of filters that collect prometheus metrics.
Two of these filters are also compatible with the lagom framework.
A simple hello world application using these filters can be found in the following repo: https://github.com/stijndehaes/play-prometheus-filters-example-app
To use the library add the following to you build.sbt:
libraryDependencies += "com.github.stijndehaes" %% "play-prometheus-filters" % "0.5.0"
This latest version supports play 2.7. For more info on play version compatibility see the releases matrix.
Releases
Release Play version
0.1.x 2.5.x
0.2.x 2.5.x
0.3.x 2.6.x
0.4.x 2.6.x
0.5.x 2.7.x
The filters
Request counter
This filter counts all the requests in your application and adds a label for the status. This filter is compatible with the lagom framework.
Latency filter
This filter collects the latency of all requests. This filter is compatible with the lagom framework.
Route Latency Filter
This filter collects the latency for all requests and adds a label called RouteActionMethod. This action method is the method name of the method you provided your routes file. This filter makes it possible to measure the latency for all your routes. This filter is not compatible with the lagom framework, since it does not provide the RouteActionMethod.
Status and Route Latency Filter
This filter collects the latency for all requests, adds the following labels:
• RouteActionMethod - Function method name in the controller for the request
• Status - Response code of request
• Controller - Controller that serviced the request
• Path - Path of request
• Verb - Verb of request (GET, PUT, etc.) This filter makes it possible to measure the latency for all your routes and the status of the response for this route. It thus combines all the above filters into one. This filter is not compatible with the lagom framework, since it does not provide the RouteActionMethod.
Status and Route Counter Filter
This filter collects the counts of all requests, adds the following labels:
• method - Function method name in the controller for the request
• status - Response code of request
• controller - Controller that serviced the request
• path - Path of request
• verb - Verb of request (GET, PUT, etc.) This filter makes it possible to measure the counts for all your routes and the status of the response for this route. It thus combines all the above filters into one. This filter is not compatible with the lagom framework, since it does not provide the RouteActionMethod.
Status and Route Latency and Counter Filter
Combines the StatusAndRoute Latency and Count filters.
Example:
GET /metrics play.prometheus.controllers.PrometheusController.getMetrics
The RouteActionMethod for the above example would be getMetrics
How to enable the filters
See the documentation of play
You should make a filters class:
import javax.inject.Inject
import play.api.http.DefaultHttpFilters
import com.github.stijndehaes.playprometheusfilters.filters.LatencyFilter
import com.github.stijndehaes.playprometheusfilters.filters.StatusCounterFilter
class MyFilters @Inject() (
latencyFilter: LatencyFilter,
statusCounterFilter: StatusCounterFilter
) extends DefaultHttpFilters(latencyFilter, statusCounterFilter)
And the enable this filter in the application.conf
play.http.filters=com.example.MyFilters
Customizing metrics or building your own filters
The setup of a filter is very simple: extend the MetricFilter class and define a metrics property with a list of metrics you want your filter to use.
E.g. the LatencyFilter looks like this:
@Singleton
class LatencyFilter @Inject()(registry: CollectorRegistry, configuration: Configuration)(implicit mat: Materializer, ec: ExecutionContext) extends MetricsFilter(configuration) {
override val metrics = List(
LatencyOnlyRequestMetricsBuilder.build(registry, DefaultUnmatchedDefaults)
)
}
The @Singleton annotation ensures the application creates only a single instance of it. Via the @Inject annotation, Play will automatically pass available instances into the contructor (using Guice DI). The CollectorRegistry is needed to register a metric. The Configuration may contain information about paths to exclude for metrics. This is handled by the MetricsFilter class.
You can customize a filter in different ways
• Define one or more metrics in the metrics list (other than in the filters already provided). See CounterRequestMetrics and LatencyRequestMetrics for provided metric types.
• You can define you own metric. E.g. currently only Counter and Histogram (Latency) metrics are provided. If you'd like to use Prometheus's Summary or Gauge metric, you can implement your own metric by creating a RequestMetric implementation and a corresponding RequestMetricBuilder.
See CounterRequestMetrics and LatencyRequestMetrics for how to implement your own builder and metric.
The builder, builds sets up the metrics instance with a name, help, labels, etc and registers the metric. Then it returns a RequestMetric instance which uses the metric. Implement the mark function to pass labels to the metric using data from either the request or response, then call the 'metric'-function like observe or inc to apply the metrics.
• Customize the handling of defaults in case a certain label cannot be found. This can be done by providing a custom UnmachedDefaults implementation. The default implementation always returns a fixed string like unmatchedPath if the path property cannot be determined.
E.g. a custom implementation could use the 'uri' property from the request, which is always available, instead of just a fixed string. Using this on a Counter metric would give you insight into which non-existing urls are being used. A country creates a single metric bucket per unique uri.
You probably would not want to use dynamic default properties on a Latency or Summary metric since that would give many metric buckets per unique url`
case object DynamicUnmatchedDefaults extends UnmatchedDefaults {
val unmatchedPath: RequestHeader => String = _.uri
}
Excluding paths from metrics
A path can be excluded from metrics by adding it to the play-prometheus-filters.exclude.paths property in the application.conf. E.g. when using the PrometheusController you might want to exclude the path on which you configured the controller in the routes file.
By default, the /metrics is excluded.
play-prometheus-filters {
# exclude /metrics endpoint assuming PrometheusController is routed to this uri
exclude.paths = ["/metrics"]
}
Prometheus controller
The project also provides a prometheus controller with a get metric method. If you add the following to your routes file:
GET /metrics com.github.stijndehaes.playprometheusfilters.controllers.PrometheusController.getMetrics
You should be able to immediately get the metrics
Default Hotspot metrics
The Prometheus Hotspot library provides some default collectors for garbage collection, memory pool, etc. Default these collectors are not registered. This can be changed by setting the configuration property to true.
play-prometheus-filters.register-default-hotspot-collectors = true | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2 Ways Bacopa Helps Your Brain
Bacopa ayurvedic
In this article, we are going to show you 2 ways that Bacopa Helps Your Brain. Bacopa Monnieri is an ancient plant which has been used in India for thousands of years. It is part of the Indian traditional medicinal philosophy called Ayurveda.
Ayurveda focuses on determining your individual constitution and then choosing a diet and medications and supplements that will work with your own unique biological needs. They call Bacopa “Brahmi” in India, and they have considered it as one of the best natural herbs and treatments that are sometimes even better than pharmaceutical, man-made drugs that are available today.
Bacopa’s benefits are mainly regarding its ability to help your memory and your cognition. Cognition is the process of thinking, and how you think and how well you think. If you have cognitive problems (especially common as we age), you may notice that you have a brain fog and are easily confused or forgetful.
Forgetfulness can be especially debilitating to older people and is one of the common first warning signs that an elderly person is getting dementia, or Alzheimer’s disease. Dementia is a cluster of symptoms that do not necessarily mean you have Alzheimer’s disease, but that you have many symptoms that fit under the umbrella-term of dementia. Dementia can cause problems with short-term and long-term memory.
You can see that it’s important to keep your cognitive health in the front of your mind when you are selecting herbs, supplements, diet, and medications to support you as you get older. Turning towards natural solutions that have been around for many thousands of years is an easy way to improve your cognitive faculties safely.
Enter Bacopa:
Bacopa is extremely beneficial for your brain, and it helps it in more than 2 ways, but we are going to focus on the way that it helps your brain in 2 ways.
#1: The first way that Bacopa helps your brain is through the mechanisms of its active ingredients. Some of its active ingredients are Bacosides A and B. These bacosides have been studied, and they actually repair neurons. Neurons are the nerve cells in your brain, and they communicate with one another and transmit information throughout your body.
Bacosides A and B can repair damaged neurons, and they can also protect them. This is called a neuroprotective mechanism of action. Many of the neurons inside your brain can become damaged or faulty as the effects of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease become apparent. Bacosides A and B can also help the communication between neurons be more efficient. The connection between neurons is called a synapse.
#2: The second way that Bacopa helps your brain is that it can help your brain with neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters do what they sound like they do: they help transmit messages between your neurons. The two neurotransmitters that Bacopa works to enhance are serotonin and acetylcholine.
Serotonin is the neurotransmitter associated with happiness, and many pharmaceutical medications to treat depression or anxiety use medications that increase serotonin. Bacopa increases levels of serotonin and also work at the receptor sites in the brain for serotonin. Acetylcholine is technically just an organic chemical that acts like a functional neurotransmitter. It works at the motor neurons in the nervous system to help you move your muscles but also communicates with other neurons. Acetylcholine is found in large amounts in the parts of the brain that help you learn and make memories and is one of the neurotransmitters that declines as people age, and diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s can surface.
Bacopa keeps the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine from working. If there is no enzyme to break down the levels of acetylcholine in the brain, more acetylcholine is available to keep transmitting messages throughout the body.
With more messages being communicated in the parts of the brain that work with memory and learning, your cognitive functions will improve as the communication will make it easier for your brain to function.
With the special functions of the Bacosides acting as a neuroprotective agent and enhancing the communication between neurons, and the ability of Bacopa to keep acetylcholine from breaking down, it’s clear that these 2 ways Bacopa works means better cognitive health for your brain.
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How to Search IF Cell Contains in Google Sheets
Glad that you decided to check out TeqTog’s article on how to search IF cell contains in Google Sheets. In this article, I will try to introduce this cool feature to you available in Google Sheets, tell you different approaches to it, summarize a short list of their pros and cons and explain to you, how you can use this feature.
So, let’s get right to it, then?
The IF Cell Contains Feature
I think the name of this feature in Google Sheets is pretty self-explanatory. The IF cell contains is a tool which lets you search a cell to identify if it contains a certain value in Google Sheets.
This is very useful, right? Imagine a sea of data on your spreadsheets and you need to check a cell for a certain value- well, this is where Google Sheet’s IF cell contains will come in handy.
So, I am going to show three different approaches to using this tool and explain to you how you can apply all of them on your own.
How to Search IF Cell Contains in Google Sheets
Methods of using the IF Cell Contains Tool
Basically, there are three ways you can work with this tool and they would be:
1. REGEXMATCH
2. IF7SEARCH
3. COUNTIF
I will start with the first method, okay?
The REGEXMATCH Method
1. You should have a set of data like the one shown in my example below:
The REGEXMATCH Method
As you can see, I have the first column which has a list of my data and the second column is for applying IF Cell Contains formula and getting its results.
The syntax of the REGEXMATCH method would be:
=regexmatch (text, regular_expression)
1. The equal sign is given before any formula input
2. Text refers to the cell I am searching.
3. Regular expression means the certain data that I want to see in that cell.
2. Suppose that, I want to search the cell A:2 for the expression “Covid”. Now, to do that, I will give my formula.
syntax of the REGEXMATCH method
cells contains the expression at one glance
Now, I can view which of the cells contains the expression “Covid” at one glance.
Remember, that the REGEXMATCH formula is sensitive to exactly how you type your expression. If I had typed in “covid” instead of “Covid”, then the formula would have returned FALSE for every cell; because then, it would be searching for “covid” with a lower case C and not an uppercase C.
Pros of REGEXMATCH
1. It is very easy to learn and utilize.
2. It gives you results in very short time.
Cons of REGEXMATCH
1. It does not search numerical values.
Since, REGEXMATCH does not search and identify numbers; you can always change the cells with the numerical values to “Plain Text” from the “Format” option from the top menu bar.
The IF & SEARCH Method
This technique is actually a clever combination of the “IF” and “Search” function in Google Sheets. Google Sheets will search a cell to see if it contains that particular data and, if it does- Google Sheets will return me with positive text and if not, a negative text.
The syntax of this formula will be:
=IF (SEARCH(“Covid”, A:2) > 0, 1, 0)
1. If is seeing whether the cell has that value.
2. Search is searching if the cell has that value.
3. “Covid” is the value I am searching for.
4. A:2 is the cell I am searching in.
5. 1 is what I would like Google Sheets to return, if the cell contains the value “Covid”.
6. 0 is what I would like Google Sheets to return, if the cell doesn’t contain the value “Covid”.
1. I will take the dataset from my example:
IF SEARCH Method
2. In the cell no. B:2, I will give the input for my formula.
input of IF SEARCH Method formula
input of IF SEARCH Method formula part 2
final input of IF SEARCH Method formula
3. As you can see, in my example, I have given all of the inputs for each parameter of the entire formula.
the inputs for each parameter of the entire formula
So, Google Sheets has generated “1” for every cell which contains the expression “Covid” and generated the “Value” error symbol for every cell it could not identify “Covid” in.
If “#VALUE!” does not look very visually appealing to you, then you can apply filter to the column which has the results for your IF & SEARCH formula, filter out all the value errors and simply change all of them into something else- for instance, “no”.
• It can identify numerical expressions.
• It is not sensitive to upper case and lower case values.
• It returns the “#VALUE!” symbol for every negative search result.
The COUNTIF Method
Coming to the last, but not the least method, is the “COUNTIF” method. The syntax for the CountIF formula will be:
=COUNTIF (range, criterion)
1. Range would mean the cell I am searching in.
2. Criterion is the data I am searching for.
Note: Make sure to caption your criterion into the star mark symbols (*)
1. As usual, I put in my formula.
COUNTIF Method
formula input for COUNTIF Method
results of COUNTIF Method
2. For each positive search result my spreadsheet gave me “1” and for every negative result it gave me “0”.
Pros of COUNTIF
• The COUNTIF formula is not case sensitive.
Cons on COUNTIF
• This function cannot search numbers like the REGEXMATCH. You will need to convert your numerical values into “Plain text”.
So there you are! Three ways in how you can search if your cell contains a certain value on Google Sheets.
Best of luck!
You May Love To Read Our More Google Sheets Tutorial Articles on:
Related More Articles
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0 Replies Latest reply on Feb 15, 2007 3:20 PM by nprzybylo
Data Grid wilth Multiple ArrayCollections
nprzybylo
I am using an array collection to store a month name and a list of the monthly sales for a list of people, which are in their own array collection. Adding an item to the array collection looks something like this:
myCollection.add({month:"January",salesArray:someArrayCollection});
Where someArrayCollection has the January sales for a number of people. The point of setting it up this way is that the size of the embedded array collection (the number of people to display) changes depending on what geography the user selected. Simply binding this to a data grid leaves me with two columns, one listing the months, and the other listing all the people's sales for that month separated by commas within the grid tile. How can I break these out into separate columns?
I know that you can list out the DataGridColumns within a DataGrid and specify which field the column refers to. I'm trying to find a way to set the dataField attribute to a particular item within the embedded array. I would think that the code would be:
dataField="salesArray.getItemAt(0)"
to return the first person's sales in it's own column, but this doesn't work. Any advice would be greatly appreciated. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:FBAS
FBAS is a term that is regulary used in Television technology and I could not find an explanation for it on Wikipedia. It is however mentioned in the KC 85 article.
It stands for
Farb-Bild-Austast-Synchron
And is a standard used in central europe, 99% compatible with composite video
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:50, 13 December 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bellanca Viking
The Bellanca Viking and Super Viking are a series of single-engine, four-seat, high performance, retractable gear aircraft manufactured in the USA during the 1960s and 1970s. The aircraft developed through modifications of classic designs by the aviation pioneer Giuseppe Bellanca. A total of 1,356 Vikings have been produced with most production between 1968 and 1975 (1019 planes).
Development and design
The Viking is a derivative of the Bellanca Cruisair, a retractable gear taildragger with two extra vertical fins on the tips of the horizontal stabilizer. The 14-13 Cruisair series was developed into the larger, more powerful 14-19 Cruisemaster in the early 1950s. After the original Bellanca company went out of business, Downer Aircraft took over the type certificate and built the 14-19-2 Cruisemaster by mating the airframe with a Continental O-470 of 230 hp. In 1958, Downer redesigned the airplane with a nosewheel and fuel injected IO-470 of 260 hp, and redesignated it the 260. The 14-19-3 260 retained the wire-braced triple tail into the 1962 model year. After that year, the triple tail design was modified to a single tail with the same aggregate surface area, and manufactured as the Model 260A. The later Vikings retain the oversized vertical fin that contributes to the distinctive flying characteristics of the aircraft. The Viking model was born out of discussions at Downer for a bigger version of the "Model 260" with at least 300 horsepower. The company was based in Minnesota and employed skilled craftsmen who manufactured the wing from spruce, and the new 300 hp model was named the "Viking" in respect to the many Scandinavians of the area.
The first Model 17 Viking appeared in 1967 called the "17-30." It was powered by a 300 hp Continental IO-520-K. In 1969, a Viking powered by a 290 hp (later 300 hp) Lycoming IO-540 was introduced, either normally aspirated (17-31) or turbocharged (17-31TC).
Over the years there were a number of refinements to the aircraft. The original hydraulic gear and flap actuation system was redesigned in 1968 introducing electric flaps. In 1969, the FAA issued Type Certificate A18CE and the aircraft built under that design were designated the "A" series "Super Vikings". Aside from refinements already made to late Viking 300 models, the new 300A Vikings (17-30A, 17-31A and 17-31ATC) had a gross weight increase to 3,325 lbs. The original complex fuel system with five tanks and two fuel selectors allowing eight possible combinations of selector settings was simplified to a left, right and auxiliary system in 1974. After several years of financial losses, Viking sales became profitable again in 1978. In 1979, Continental-powered Vikings sported a fully enclosed nosewheel thanks to a redesign of the engine mount. This necessitated the use of cowl flaps for the first time on the Viking but resulted in a 12 mph increase. In 1979 production of the Lycoming-powered 17-31A ceased. In 1996, the Continental IO-550 was made available as an option.
Since 2002, the company has been operated by a group of six Bellanca enthusiasts who bought the company from the state of Minnesota and established Alexandria Aircraft Co. LLC. They provide technical support and parts to owners and A&Ps in the field. They have sold one new aircraft, manufactured in 2005.
The aircraft fuselage is constructed from tubular steel overlaid with fabric, while the wings are fashioned from spruce with a plywood skin.
Bill Cox, an aviation journalist at Plane and Pilot Magazine commented regarding the flying qualities of Vikings that they "have long been famous for control response and harmony that seems almost psychic in nature", and asserted, "Owners almost unanimously pronounce the Viking the best handling airplane they've ever flown."
In 2022, the company moved to Sulphur, OK.
Variants
* 17-30 Viking 300: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Continental IO-520-K piston engine.
* 17-31 Viking 300: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Lycoming IO-540 piston engine.
* 17-31TC Viking 300: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Lycoming IO-540 piston engine, the aircraft is fitted with turbocharger.
* 17-30A Super Viking 300A: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Continental IO-520-K piston engine.
* 17-31A Super Viking 300A: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Lycoming IO-540-K1E5 piston engine.
* 17-31ATC Turbo Super Viking 300A: Four-seat light cabin aircraft, powered by a 224-kW (300-hp) Lycoming IO-540-K1E5 piston engine, the aircraft is fitted with two Rajay turbochargers. | WIKI |
The name “monster” was given because of his anger filled retaliation towards Victor and his family. The monster was neglected from the second he was created and nobody ever gave him a chance to learn what life was about and help guide him. Imagine all of the wrong choices you would have made with no parents telling you what was right and what was wrong? Or people not only wanting to stay as far away from you as they can but also have another group of people that want to kill you because of your physical appearance. “Life, although it may only be an accumulation of anguish, is dear to me, and I will defend it.” (Shelley, 114) Not one person ever felt sympathy for the monster.
Everytime he saw people they would get scared of him. He was happy at first when he met new people but then got sad and angry when he saw people
When the creature was just brought to life he was confused about the surroundings around him. Victor never explained to the creature about his situation. Humans were afraid of the creature and did not want to be near him. The creature did not have a companion or any other human being that felt the same manner as him and grew each day more angry and full of revenge towards Frankenstein. Mary Shelley did have a husband but she felt that he was not a responsible companion and doing his share of the relationship.
The monster found himself lost and on his own in nature without anyone to help him, “I knew, and could distinguish, nothing;” (Shelley, 71) When someone is left with no information about themselves or how to do something they can feel helpless. This is exactly like how Frankenstein gave the monster no help on how to survive in the real world. Once you try to do something multiple times and still are not able to get it right, you begin to feel helpless and inferior to others. This can cause frustration because you feel like everyone understands what is going on around you, but you are clueless of your surroundings. Altogether the monster in Frankenstein feels betrayed by his creator, lonely while he was alone in the woods with no one around him and helpless when he was not able to understand what was going on in the world he was living in.
As his own creator had abandoned him and left him to face the reality of what society brings, he wanted to fit in and be loved and cared for but was instead was faced with ruthless attacks, and became a victim of abuse for his hideous features. Society no longer defines whom a person is by their internal traits, but instead their external features. Every minute and every second there someone out there in the world being judged for not meeting society standards and are treated as trash just like the creature had been treated and it, unfortunately, comes to a breaking point where people just act out. If physical traits were not an important factor in society would society act any differently towards the creature would it have prevented what the creature had
Bryan Stevenson never knew what could happen and he was full of fear of the possibility of jail time or death. Herbert Richardson was a mentally ill person who didn’t get the help he needed, and due to that, he killed little girl and was executed. During that time, the mentally ill lost most of its funding, and because of that, those who needed help couldn’t get it. Richardson and other mentally ill people didn’t have much money and lived in poverty. Without justice, the world would become nothing but poverty, despair and fear, and the only ones who wouldn’t be affected are the
unfortunately this dating finished appallingly when de silky's family again and felix pursued the animal away and struck him "brutally with a stick. "(129) this made the animal comprehend that he may all the time be rejected from society. "i had no cash, no companions, no sort of assets. i used to be, in addition, enriched with a perceive terribly disfigured and
“Somebody was fool enough to do it, but I took it off again. If calico an’t good enough for such a purpose, it isn’t good enough for anything. It’s quite as becoming to the body. He can’t look uglier than he did in that one.” Scrooge listened to this dialogue in horror.” People gather and talk (and even laugh) about how bad a person Scrooge was. The theme fits in here because, Scrooge was a grumpy, selfish person, and as a result, people don’t remember, or talk about him well after he’s dead.
Frankenstein creates the monster he neglects him. The monster has no idea of what is right and wrong so can we really be surprised that he killed someone? Although killing someone can hardly be vindicated it can be explained. The monster was rejected by everyone he met leaving him [moved right hand from left to right to show how monster’s pushed away] completely alone and isolated. [Point towards audience] Now how would that make you feel? | FINEWEB-EDU |
Home » All You Need To Know About Orthodontics Toronto
Orthodontics Toronto
All You Need To Know About Orthodontics Toronto
by malinaross143
Some people are blessed with straight teeth were, as some have a genetic issue with their teeth. In these cases, orthodontics Toronto may help you get perfect these. People with straight teeth line with each other; however, many have teeth that don’t line up correctly. However, the good news is that you can straighten your teeth and correct your bite by using the correct tricks suggested by your orthodontist Toronto. In this acritical, we will look into the benefits of orthodontics Toronto and what it could do to benefit you?
What Exactly Is Orthodontics Toronto?
Orthodontist Toronto is a sub-discipline of dentistry that addresses malocclusion. The teeth are not correctly positioned when closing the mouth in this condition, leading to an incorrect bite. Orthodontist Toronto is a specialized branch of dentistry. Is the term that refers to “orthodontics” could be divided into 2 Greek words, namely “orthos,” which means straight or perfect, and “donations,” which means teeth. Orthodontics also refers to the practice of straightening teeth that are misaligned or malocclusions. Specialists in Orthodontics can assist in resolving the problem of improper positioning of the jaws, teeth, and facial features.
What Are The Ways Toronto Orthodontists Help You Straighten Your Teeth?
Fixed Appliances
They are the most commonly used appliances employed in orthodontics, and they are utilized when precision is crucial. It is possible to eat as normal using a fixed device; however certain foods and drinks should not be consumed, like carbonated beverages, hard candy gum, and sticky food items.
Anyone who plays contact sports should inform their dentist that they might require specific gum protection.
Braces
These are wires, brackets, and bands. Bands are secured to the teeth and anchor the device, while frames are generally linked with the tooth’s front.
Wires shaped like an arch are passed through the brackets before being secured onto the elastic bands. When the archwire is tightened, the tension is applied to the tooth. As time passes, this forces the teeth into the proper place.
The follow-up visits are scheduled every month to tighten or adjust the braces. The treatment can last from a few months to several years.
Orthodontics Toronto
Fixed-Space Maintainers
Suppose an infant loses a tooth as a baby. In that case, a space maintainer stops the teeth on each side of the space from being able to move into the area till the tooth of an adult emerges. A band is attached to the tooth close to the room, and a wire is connected from the bar to the opposite tooth.
● Removable space maintainers.
● These are alternatives to maintainers with fixed spaces.
● Fixed appliances with unique characteristics.
They can be used to control the thrust of your tongue or sucking your thumb. They can be uncomfortable, mainly when eating. Thus, they are only utilized in the event of a need.
Unfixed Orthodontics Toronto
There are some unfixed Orthodontics Toronto that helps people improve their teeth alignment. They are known as the aligner. They allow you to fix your teeth while not constantly resting in your mouth. People can use these aligners or Invisalign to help their teeth look better. The shape will be altered, yet people don’t have to worry about having something in their mouths. They may also feel more confident as Invisalign are hardly visible.
How Do I Tell If I Need Orthodontics Toronto?
Here are a few issues you may have with your teeth that could require Toronto Orthodontics:
✔ In this situation, the front teeth on the upper end seem to protrude above the teeth of the bottom.
✔ The lower teeth appear to be too ahead, while the upper teeth are too far back.
✔ You can tell you have an upper and lower crossbite because they are positioned between your lower teeth when the mouth shuts.
✔ Some patients have a gap vertically between their upper and front lower teeth when they bite down. This is known as an open bite.
✔ This is where the centers of your lower and upper front teeth aren’t aligned.
✔ In this instance, your teeth don’t appear to cover your mouth. There are what appear to be gaps or gaps between teeth.
Conclusion
Orthodontics Toronto is often one of the most popular fields of dental therapy. However, it is no longer desirable when you think about the impact on self-esteem that a stunning smile that is correctly aligned with teeth has and the improved confidence in yourself that this treatment produces—the therapy which a specialist in orthodontics in Toronto usually provides. You can find us at Balsam Dental, where we are available for a moderate cost, without risks or issues. It should be considered when required to enhance the appearance of your smile and the effectiveness of the chewing mechanism and improve confidence in the patient.
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North East London NHS Foundation Trust
North East London NHS Foundation Trust (NELFT) is an NHS foundation trust which provides mental and community health services. It runs Foxglove Ward, Goodmayes Hospital and Sunflowers Court in Ilford, Phoenix House in Basildon, Heronwood & Galleon Inpatient Facility in Wanstead, Grays Court Community Hospital in Dagenham, and Hawkwell Court in Chingford. Altogether it operates from more than 150 sites.
History
The trust was established as the North East London Mental Health NHS Trust on 5 June 2000, and became operational on 1 April 2001. It became an NHS foundation trust in 2008.
In April 2014 Staff at Hawkwell Court in Colvin Gardens, Chingford planned to shut down the facility, which offers long-term stay for older patients with mental health problems and learning disabilities. It was saved from closure a decade ago after relatives of service users and Chingford MP Iain Duncan Smith intervened.
In April 2014 as part of the redevelopment of Goodmayes Hospital it closed and proposed to demolish the Goodmayes Hospital Staff Social Club, provoking a protest from Mr Fin Robinson. He was supposed to hand the keys back but said he will remain inside, with the doors chained shut, "until they do the right thing".
Services
The trust provides community health and mental health services, including forensic services, psychiatric intensive care units and services for people with learning difficulties in the North East London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Havering, Redbridge and Waltham Forest, as well as some services for people in Essex and Kent.
Patient entertainment
The Trust receives hospital radio services operated by Bedrock Radio
In 1977 The Goodmayes Hospitals Radio Association was formed as a registered charity to provide entertainment and information to the patients and staff, with studios located within the original Goodmayes Hospital building.
In 1993 the station began broadcasting into neighbouring King George Hospital, In 2004 the station's on-air name became 'The Jumbo Sound' and began streaming online in 2006 to serve all NELFT locations.
In April 2016, flood damage caused by a failed radiator forced The Jumbo Sound off-air creating an estimated £30,000 of damage. Volunteers of the Goodmayes Hospital Radio Association (Jumbo Sound) voted to merge with Bedrock Radio.
Performance
The trust NELFT took over children and young people's specialist and targeted mental health services in Kent in 2017. In May 2018 there were 3,869 young people in Kent waiting for treatment. 144 had been waiting more than a year, with 19 more in Medway. 1,481 had been waiting for more than 18 weeks for treatment to start. In 2019 the Trust was downgraded by the CQC from Good to Requires Improvement.
There have been numerous deaths as a result of NELFT's failings. In the first half of 2021 alone, there was a coroner who found failings in the care of Paul Tufton leading to his death. In May an inquest found neglect in the care of Neil Challinor-Mooney, again leading to a death. In June, Ellis Murphy-Richards' suicide was deemed to have been because of failings in care. In July, Anita Mandalia took an overdose as a result of NELFT failing to refer her for mental health treatment. There have been hundreds of NELFT's mental health patients who have gone missing; in the two years prior to 2020, 100+ such patients went missing.
NELFT, together with Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust and other mental health providers in Essex were subject an independent inquiry set up by Parliament into mental health services in Essex following numerous failings of these services. The inquiry was upgraded to a statutory inquiry in 2023 given the lack of cooperation the inquiry got from the trusts and is now the Lampard Inquiry. | WIKI |
User:Whatever748/sandbox
The Ancient Berber language(s) also known as Old Libyan or simply Libyan were a set of languages spoken by the various Berber People of North Africa during antiquity. It was part of the Afro-Asiatic family. It was a transitional stage between the Proto-Berber and the modern Berber languages. It included various ancestors or primitive forms of the modern Berber languages, and now extinct languages. These languages are mostly poorly attested.
Regional variations
Similar to modern times, the Ancient Berber languages too were divided into several individual dialects/languages. The difference between them and their similarity is very badly understood, as even the best known language, the Numidian, is still very badly understood and is little decyphered.
Writing systems
The Ancient Berber scripts, known as Libyco-Berber scripts were divided into 3 main sub-scripts: Eastern, Western and Saharan.
Eastern script
The best decyphered script, it's use stretched from modern day Kabylia (Both western and eastern scripts have been found in Kabylia) to the border of modern day Tunisia and Libya. It is mainly known from use and inscriptions from under the Kingdom of Numidia. 22 out of it's 24 letters have been decyphered.
Western script
Possessing 13 supplementary letters, stretching from southern Morocco to Kabylia, this script is often thought to be more primitive compared to the Eastern script | WIKI |
Talk:Khanyi Mbau
Who's the name
Of khanyi mbau child <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:48, 26 February 2022 (UTC)
Age?
Why is her age wrong… she is CLEARLY not 36 or born in 86. 2603:7000:3302:9C83:C5D4:B1D9:F2F2:4B5F (talk) 08:50, 30 May 2022 (UTC)
* 39 WP UUF (talk) 18:56, 25 May 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
Ride in the Whirlwind
Ride in the Whirlwind is a 1966 American Western film edited and directed by Monte Hellman and starring Cameron Mitchell, Millie Perkins, Jack Nicholson, and Harry Dean Stanton. Nicholson also wrote and co-produced the film with Hellman. A trio of cowboys are forced to become outlaws due to a case of mistaken identity by the local authorities.
The film was shot in 1965 in the Utah desert, back-to-back with Hellman's similar The Shooting, which also starred Nicholson and Perkins.
Plot
A gang of outlaws led by Blind Dick (Harry Dean Stanton) stop a stagecoach, kill the guard and rob the occupants. Another trio of cowboys, Vern (Cameron Mitchell), Wes (Jack Nicholson) and Otis (Tom Filer), unknowingly come upon the gang's remote hideout and stop to rest for the night. Neither group of men trusts the other. In the morning, they all find themselves surrounded by a vigilante hanging party, and a shootout ensues. The outlaws are burned out of their shed and Blind Dick and Indian Joe are hanged by the vigilante posse. Otis is shot as Vern and West flee, becoming fugitives in a case of mistaken identity and guilt by association.
Vern and Wes take refuge at a farm belonging to Evan (George Mitchell), who lives with his wife and daughter. Although innocent and not villains, the two hold the family hostage until they can make an escape. After a member of the vigilantes passes by and questions Evan, the two try to escape taking Evan's horses. Evan shoots and wounds Vern, and Wes shoots and kills Evan.
Wes and Vern ride off together on one horse with the posse in pursuit. Eventually Vern can go no further and falls off the horse, saying "I've bought it." Dying, he tells Wes to ride off alone, that the horse cannot carry both of them.
As he dies, Vern holds off the posse and Wes rides off.
Production
Hellman said that Roger Corman had agreed to put up funds for a Hellman-directed western at a lunch meeting at the old Brown Derby on Vine Street, just south of Hollywood Boulevard, one of a small chain of famous restaurants in Los Angeles (the famous hat-shaped location was on Wilshire Boulevard). By the end of the lunch, Corman had allowed that since Hellman was making one western, he might as well make two – presumably because, in the mind of the budget-conscious Corman, this would allow them to make two films for less than the usual cost.
The Shooting and Ride in the Whirlwind were made back-to-back, with The Shooting in production first. Hellman said that the crew and some cast members stayed on location, and, after taking a week's break, they began filming Ride in the Whirlwind. However, other than travel costs, shooting the two films back-to-back did not result in appreciable savings. Hellman stated that both films were made for under US$75,000 each (approximate total of $150,000 for two, provided by Roger Corman). Hellman and Jack Nicholson, who produced, wrote, and acted in Ride in the Whirlwind, and had a smaller role in The Shooting, had agreed that if they went over budget on either film, they would pay the overage out of their own pockets. Thus they were very careful to keep within the budget for each.
The films were shot in Eastman Color in Utah, in an area that has since been filled in with an artificial lake. Parts of the film were shot in Kanab Canyon, Calvin Johnson Ranch, Paria, and Glen Canyon in Utah. Hellman said that producers would sometimes hire him to find out where he had shot the films, then fire him once they knew. He stated that he was the last to film there because it was filled with water soon after. Both Ride in the Whirlwind and The Shooting feature the same reddish low mountains with white lines in the rock (possibly water marks from a past age when the area was a sea or lake).
Hellman said that he tended to cut out as much dialogue as he could. He preferred to tell the story visually. He avoided the obvious in terms of dialogue. Hellman stated that he oversaw the daily progress by the writers of the two films – and that they rented an office in the Writer's Building in Beverly Hills on little Santa Monica Blvd. One personal thrill for Hellman was that their rented office was next door to Fred Astaire's.
Distribution
Hellman stated that both films were sold to a distributor who then sold them as part of a larger package of films to be shown on television. The films did play theatrically in France in 1969 and Hellman said they were hits, with The Shooting playing for a year in Paris and Ride in the Whirlwind playing for six months. Hellman stated that in the late sixties it meant a lot in Hollywood to be lionized in France and thus Hellman had a brief time of being very much in demand in Hollywood.
Thematic similarities
Both films involve a hunt. In the case of The Shooting, Nicholson is a hired gun and Warren Oates is an ex-bounty hunter turned miner. Both men are working for a woman who is tracking someone. The entire film and the suspense is largely based on this mysterious hunt. In Ride in the Whirlwind, vigilantes that began by tracking a gang who robbed a stagecoach end up mistakenly hunting down the Nicholson character and another man, innocent cowboys. Both films are considered acid westerns that express a rather bleak, minimalist quality that does not sentimentalize the Wild West. Both films end with the Nicholson character's facing bleak outcomes, almost certain death in The Shooting but a tinge of optimism the Whirlwind one will escape the leader of the posse's prediction that "They've seen their last sunrise." | WIKI |
Baylor College of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) is a medical school and research center in Houston, Texas, within the Texas Medical Center, the world's largest medical center. BCM is composed of four academic components: the School of Medicine, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; the School of Health Professions, and the National School of Tropical Medicine.
The school is part owner, alongside Catholic Health Initiatives (CHI), of Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, the flagship hospital of the CHI St. Luke's Health system. Other affiliated teaching hospitals and research institutes include Harris Health System's Ben Taub Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TIRR Memorial Hermann, the Menninger Clinic, the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and the Children's Hospital of San Antonio. On November 18, 2020, Baylor College of Medicine announced a new affiliation with Baylor Scott & White Health. This will result in the development of a new regional medical school campus in Temple, Texas, which will enroll 40 students per year starting in fall 2023.
History
Baylor College of Medicine was founded in 1900 in Dallas, Texas, by a group of Dallas physicians as the University of Dallas Medical Department, despite the absence of any institution under the University of Dallas name. This occurred following a meeting of Dallas area physicians on August 16, 1900, for the purpose taking the preliminary steps to establish a medical college. The majority of physicians in attendance opposed the creation of a medical college; however, the remaining physicians in favor set up a committee of medical professional and three laymen to secure a board of directors for the proposed college.
The school's charter was filed with the Texas Secretary of State on September 15, 1900, with three physicians as the incorporators: Drs. Samuel E. Milliken, J. B. Titterington, and Lawrence Ashton. The school opened on November 19, 1900, with 81 students in a former synagogue, Temple Emanu-el, located at 292 Commerce Street (today 1306 Commerce Street).
In 1903, an alliance with Baylor University in Waco was formed and the name was changed to Baylor University College of Medicine.
By 1918, Baylor University College of Medicine was the only private medical school in Texas.
Relocation to Houston
The M.D. Anderson Foundation invited Baylor to join the newly formed Texas Medical Center in Houston in 1943. The school opened in the medical center July 12, 1943, in a converted Sears, Roebuck & Co. warehouse, with 131 students. Four years later, Baylor moved to its present site in the Roy and Lillie Cullen Building, the first building completed in the Texas Medical Center.
In 1948, Michael E. DeBakey joined the faculty as chair of the Department of Surgery, and the following year, the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences was established. Baylor's rise in prominence began in the 1950s when DeBakey's surgical techniques garnered international attention. In the 1960s, the college underwent its first major expansion.
Independence and expansion
In 1969, the college separated from Baylor University and became an independent institution, which allowed it access to federal research funding, changing its name to Baylor College of Medicine. That same year, BCM negotiated with the Texas Legislature to double its class size in order to increase the number of physicians in Texas.
Disaffiliation from Houston Methodist Hospital
In 2004, Baylor did not renew its affiliation agreement with Houston Methodist Hospital, the school's primary private adult teaching hospital, following contentious discussions between the two institutions. This split is notable as the only instance in American medical history of a medical school and one of its primary teaching hospitals parting ways.
Recent history
In 2005, Baylor College of Medicine began building a hospital and clinic, to be called the Baylor Clinic and Hospital, slated to open in 2011. In 2009, the college postponed construction for financial reasons, with the outer shell of the hospital completed but the interiors remaining unfinished. In March 2012, BCM decided to convert the building to an outpatient clinic center. In 2009, BCM entered into discussions with Rice University regarding a potential merger between the two Houston institutions. After extensive meetings, the boards at both institutions decided that each school would remain independent. In 2010, Baylor University entered into talks with BCM to strengthening ties to each other; however, the merger did not occur. Baylor University Board of Regents appoints 25% of the Baylor College of Medicine's board of trustees.
On June 21, 2010, Dr. Paul Klotman was named as the President and CEO of the Baylor College of Medicine.
In January 2014, BCM and CHI St. Luke's announced they would become joint owners of Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center, a hospital at the Texas Medical Center (formerly known as St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, then St. Luke's Medical Center after it was purchased by Catholic Health Initiatives in 2013). A partially completed hospital building on the BCM–McNair Campus is slated to open in 2015 and will become BCM's acute-care hospital and main medical teaching facility.
On November 18, 2020, Baylor College of Medicine announced a new affiliation with Baylor Scott & White Health that will result in the development of a new regional medical school campus in Temple, Texas which will enroll 40 students per year starting in fall 2023.
Reputation
The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences is among the top 25 graduate schools in the United States. Within the School of Health Professions, the Nurse anesthetist program ranks 2nd and the physician assistant program ranks 3rd. A program in Orthotics and Prosthetics began in 2013, with 18 students in the first class. The National School of Tropical Medicine is the only school in the nation dedicated exclusively to patient care, research, education and policy related to neglected tropical diseases. A program in Genetic Counseling began in 2018, with 8 students in the first class.
School of Medicine
Each year the medical school matriculates around 185 students, around 75% of whom are Texas residents. As of April 2020, Baylor College of Medicine is the third least expensive private medical school in the country in terms of tuition.
Curriculum
The MD curriculum consists of 1.5 years of preclinical foundational sciences, followed by 2.5 years of clinical curriculum.
It is one of the few medical schools in the United States that is structured with an accelerated 1.5 year preclinical curriculum.
Dual degree programs
Baylor offers four programs that give medical students the opportunity to earn a second degree alongside the Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree.
* MD/PhD with the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
* MD/MPH with the UTHealth School of Public Health
* MD/MBA with the Rice University Jesse H. Jones School of Business
* MD/JD with the University of Houston Law Center
Baylor College of Medicine is one of only 51 medical institutions in the United States to offer a Medical Scientist Training Program. This federally sponsored and highly competitive program allows exceptionally well-qualified students to study for a combined MD and Ph.D. in a medical science to be earned in 7–9 total years. Typically, 8–12 students matriculate into this program per year and receive free tuition in addition to a stipend of $29,000 per academic year.
Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
The GSBS ranks 25th for best Ph.D. program in the biological sciences. Overall, in 2018 BCM ranked 20th in terms of research funding from the National Institutes of Health based on rankings done by the Blue Ridge Institute.
School of Health Professions
Physician Assistant
The School's Physician Assistant Program which began in 1971 as a certificate program, was elevated to Bachelor of Science status in 1975, and on to a Master of Science program in 1989. Today, this program ranks 3rd among the nation's physician assistant programs according to U.S. News & World Report.
Nurse Anesthesia
The 2012 graduates of the Graduate Program in Nurse Anesthesia Program were the first to earn their doctorate of nursing practice from the Program. Developed from a 1968 a certificate program that was offered by the Harris County Hospital District, now the Harris Health System, in 1983, it became a Master of Science degree program under the auspices of Baylor. This program ranks 2nd in the nation among training programs in nurse anesthesia according to U.S. News & World Report.
Orthotics and Prosethetics
The Orthotics and Prosthetics Program welcomed its first students in June 2013. It is a 30-month program, where the first 12 months are dedicated to the didactic curriculum, and the following 18 months are spent on clinical rotations and research. It Is the only program in the country to integrate a series of full-time clinical rotations exposing students to six core areas of expertise designed to meet the requirements of the NCOPE-approved residency.
Genetic Counseling
In 2018, the Genetic Counseling Program welcomed its first students. It is a 21-month program consisting of didactic coursework, clinical rotations, and a student thesis. Genetic counseling students rotate through prenatal, pediatric, adult, cancer, and specialty clinics at Baylor College of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals in and around the Texas Medical Center.
Residency training
Baylor College of Medicine sponsors Graduate Medical Education in more than 80 ACGME-accredited, and 40 Texas Medical Board (TMB)-approved training programs.
At Baylor College of Medicine residents and fellows learn from one of the most diverse patient populations anywhere in the country. This is partially due to the diversity found within the city of Houston, which has no single majority ethnic group. The hospitals of the Texas Medical Center and Houston's status as a hub for international industry also draw patients from every corner of the globe. Adding to this diversity are the many and varied settings in which residents and fellows have the opportunity to train, including Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center and Baylor's many affiliated hospitals.
Biomedical research
In 2013, Baylor College of Medicine ranked 19th in terms of research funding from the National Institutes of Health based on rankings done by the Blue Ridge Institute,.
Hospital affiliations
BCM is affiliated with many of the hospitals of the Texas Medical Center. BCM's affiliations include:
Notable faculty members
* Christopher Amos, PhD — Genetic epidemiologist (cancer)
* Sharmila Anandasabapathy, MD — Gastroenterologist, global health
* Oluwatoyin Asojo, PhD — Crystallographer, tropical medicine
* John C. Baldwin, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon. First successful heart "auto-transplantation" to repair a cardiac tumor
* Andrea Ballabio, MD — Geneticist
* Arthur L. Beaudet, M.D. — Geneticist, member of the National Academy of Sciences.
* Christine Beeton, PhD — Immunologist
* Hugo J. Bellen — Developmental biologist; Howard Hughes Medical investigator.
* Malcolm Brenner, MD, PhD. Geneticist.
* William "Bill" R. Brinkley — Cell biologist and early contributor to discovery of mitotic spindle apparatus
* William E. Brownell, PhD — Biophysicist, researcher into mammalian hearing
* F. Charles Brunicardi, MD — Surgeon. Editor-in-Chief of Schwartz's Principles of Surgery
* Nathan Bryan — Industrial researcher and adjunct assistant professor
* Janet S. Butel, PhD — Molecular virologist
* Selma Calmes, MD — Anesthesiologist.
* C. Thomas Caskey — Internist, geneticist and biomedical entrepreneur. Discovered/investigated universality of the genetic code and its stop/start mechanism. Howard Hughes Medical Investigator.
* Wah Chiu, PhD — Biophysicist
* Denton Cooley, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon. Innovations include aortic aneurysm repair, heart valve replacement, bloodless cardiac surgery for Jehovah's Witnesses, 1st successful implantation of artificial heart. Founder of the Texas Heart Institute. Winner, Presidential Medal of Freedom.
* Michael E. DeBakey, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon. Innovations include coronary bypass, carotid endarterectomy, artificial heart, ventricular assist device, aortic aneurysm repair. Winner, Presidential Medal of Freedom, National Medal of Science, Congressional Gold Medal.
* David Eagleman, PhD — Neuroscientist, popular writer
* Hashem El-Serag, MD — Internist and gastroenterologist
* Ralph Feigin, MD — Pediatrician (infectious diseases). Editor-in-Chief, Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
* Charles Fraser, MD — Pediatric surgeon
* O. H. Frazier, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon (heart transplants).
* Glen Gabbard, MD — Psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
* Richard A. Gibbs, PhD — Geneticist
* Margaret Goodell, PhD — Cancer biologist (stem cells)
* Wayne Goodman, MD — Psychiatrist. Co-developer, Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale
* David C. Hilmers, MD, MS, MPH — Astronaut, internist, pediatrician
* Donald Holmquest, MD, PhD, JD — Astronaut, radiologist (nuclear medicine), attorney
* Peter Hotez, MD, PhD — Pediatrician (infectious diseases), tropical medicine
* Mohit Khera F. Brantley Scott Chair in Urology.
* Mark Kline, MD — Pediatrician (infectious diseases, HIV/AIDS).
* Peter H. Lin, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon
* James R. Lupski, MD, PhD — Molecular geneticist. Co-discoverer, Potocki-Lupski syndrome
* Kenneth Mattox, MD — Surgeon
* Elizabeth McIngvale, PhD — Social worker (OCD advocate)
* Read Montague, PhD — Neuroscientist
* Daniel Musher — Microbiologist.
* David L. Nelson, PhD — Cancer researcher
* Bert W. O'Malley — Geneticist. National Medal of Science winner. Member, National Academy of Sciences.
* C. Kent Osborne, MD — Oncologist.
* David Poplack, MD — Pediatric oncologist.
* Lorraine Potocki, PhD — Medical geneticist. Co discoverer, Potocki-Lupski syndrome and Potocki-Shaffer syndrome
* Michael J. Reardon, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon. First successful cardiac auto transplantation for cardiac sarcoma.
* JoAnne S. Richards, PhD — Cell biologist (ovarian cancer). Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* Susan M. Rosenberg, PhD — Cancer researcher (DNA mutations)
* Kevin Slawin, MD — Urologist
* David Sugarbaker, MD — Cardiovascular surgeon
* Huda Zoghbi — Neuropsychiatrist. Member of National Academy of Sciences; Howard Hughes investigator
* Blaž Zupan, PhD — Computer scientist
Affiliated schools
* Michael E. DeBakey High School for Health Professions
* Baylor College of Medicine Academy at Ryan
* Baylor College of Medicine Biotech Academy at Rusk | WIKI |
How to Improve Your Thruster (Part 2) - Cycling
by Grace Lin
In the last post, we talked about how to improve your thrusters by identifying your limiting factor(s). Maybe it’s various mobility limitations (hip, front rack, overhead), or possibly it’s the transition between the front squat and overhead press. In this post, we will go over tips on how to cycle thrusters efficiently. The ability to cycle thrusters efficiently is crucial in maintaining stamina during high volume thruster workouts. Increased efficiency results in larger sets and less fatigue during those sets. So, here are some tips on how to cycle thrusters efficiently.
Keep the bar on your shoulders. Pretty self-explanatory here - don’t get sloppy elbows! They don’t need to be high like a front squat, but they do need to remain in front of the bar to create a shelf the bar can sit on. The lower that bar sits on your shoulders, the more energy you are expending to hold the bar up or resist it from sliding down even more. Once the bar slides down your shoulders, the thruster will own you.
Pull the bar down and lead with the elbows. Actively pulling the bar down helps get the bar in the correct position on the shoulders, rather than letting it fall on the shoulders. Take advantage of gravity here, and help that bar a bit by pulling it down – this also increases the speed of your thrusters. Additionally, if you don’t pull the bar down, you may be resisting the weight on the way down which will burn out your triceps.
Keep the order of operations. The order of operations for the thruster is front squat and then shoulder press. One very common fault in the thruster is pressing too early, which leads to shoulder burnout. Be patient in the press; use the power generated from your legs to drive the bar off the shoulders and then finish the second half of the press with an arm punch. The first half of that press should come from the momentum generated by the legs. Another common fault is squatting too early on the way down. Don’t start to squat until you feel that bar touch your shoulders.
Breathe. Maintaining a good breathing pattern is always important in any movement. In the thruster, pause in the overhead position to take a breath. When it comes to high volume, light weight thrusters, I like to take two breaths per thruster. I take a breath at the top and another at the bottom. Everyone is different, so figure out what works for you!
Squat clean the first rep. I’ll keep it short here – it saves time!
Know your limits. Find different rep schemes that work for you, both physically and mentally. These will be dependent on the thruster weight and your own capacity. Many people like descending rep schemes, like 8-7-6, and some prefer even sets, like 3 sets of 7. For some people, quick sets with short rests work best, but be warned, this ONLY works if you are strict with your rest time.
So, now you’re ready to tackle all the thrusters, right?! Hopefully these tips will help you the next time thrusters come up in a workout. Try testing these out and see what works for you! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Things that happen to your body when you wait too long to pee
As newborns, infants and toddlers, we eventually start to learn how to control our bladders. Our brain only knows that when we have to go, it's time to go, and for many of us, we'll need to go around 6 or 7 times a day
After some training we learn to control when we go, and how long we're able wait before we get to a bathroom. And sometimes we wait a little too long. There may not be facilities nearby, or we're just too busy. But holding it in isn't necessarily a bad thing, until it becomes a habit. That's when problems begin to arise, some more severe than others.
Your bladder can only take so much
Your bladder is only capable of holding so much — roughly two cups of water (16 ounces) — comfortably. For kids it's even less: only four ounces
Think of your bladder as a muscle because, well, that's exactly what it is. When your bladder is overworked, it can affect other things: for example, your pelvic floor. Your pelvic floor muscle is what controls whether or not you're going to keep urine in, or let it out. (Imagine going back to your infant days!) So, you want your bladder to be in great shape.
Your brain won't know it's time to go
Believe it or not, the more you put off emptying your bladder, the more it stretches out. Dr. Chamandeep Bali, a naturopathic doctor at the Toronto Naturopathic Health Clinic told the Huffington Post that once the bladder stretches, your brain can lose its ability to know when you have to go.
That critical message your bladder sends to your brain when it's time to go, can go unnoticed. Which could potentially mean...
You could actually pee your pants!
Now that would be embarrassing, and in my opinion, could possibly be a worst-case scenario. OB/GYN, Lauren Streicher M.D. told Redbook, "As your bladder gets fuller and fuller, there's a good chance you aren't going to make it to the bathroom on time." Yikes!
Many of us have been there: that "just barely made it" scenario, where the bathroom line may have been just slightly too long, after you sprinted to get there. It's more likely to happen to young children and the elderly, but that doesn't mean it can't happen to you if you push your bladder too far. (Cue the adult diapers!)
You could get a U.T.I.
About half of all women have had a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) at least once in their lives. These infections occur because bacteria has made its way into the urinary tract, which then causes symptoms like burning, the need to urinate frequently, and pelvic pain, among others.
But UTI's aren't actually a direct result of holding in your pee. If you don't empty your bladder enough, your body becomes a breeding ground for bacteria which can then cause a UTI.
Bacteria can create other problems
UTIs aren't the only thing that can occur if bacteria makes itself at home in your urinary tract. Different adverse effects can include further infections, fever, pain, cramping, and more. It's definitely a domino effect. Save yourself the hassle and just go!
Other organs can become damaged
Your bladder connects to your urinary system, which includes your kidneys. The kidneys create urine from the excess water in the blood stream, and by filtering waste. The Kidney and Urology Foundation says that if urine travels back up the tubes that connect your bladder to your kidneys, it can cause infections and kidney damage.
New York Urologist Alex Shteynshlyuger, M.D. also explained in an interview that in long term cases of holding in your pee, elastic tissue can become damaged and eventually be replaced by scar tissue, which then can cause kidney damage down the road.
Avoid alcohol and caffeine
Alcohol will cause you to use the bathroom more and so will coffee and caffeinated drinks because they are diuretics, meaning they can increase urine production. So if you're worried about having to use the bathroom often — maybe you're on a road trip, or you're stuck in a meeting — don't drink them.
Just go
The more holding it in becomes a habit, the more you're going to see the problems it can create. It's important to make sure you get to the toilet, not just because of the sheer embarrassment of a potential accident, but because of the fact that some of the health consequences can be very severe. Allow yourself ample time in your day to free your pee, and you'll be golden in more ways than one! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chōsen Railway Class 660
The Class 660 was a class of steam tender locomotives with 2-6-2 wheel arrangement operated by the Chōsen Railway (Chōtetsu) in colonial Korea.
Description
With the completion of the Ryesong River bridge in 1932, the importance of Chōtetsu's Hwanghae Line grew significantly, and by 1935 the company was looking at the possibility - unusual for a narrow-gauge railway - of running limited express trains on the line between Gyeongseong and Haeju. Tests were conducted in 1935 with a Class 630 locomotive, in which it was found that speeds of 70 km/h could safely be reached (the engine's drivers, with a diameter of 940 mm, reached a rotational speed of 400 rpm).
As a result of the tests, Chōtetsu ordered a 2-6-2 tender locomotive with a driver diameter of 1,100 mm to pull express trains at 70 km/h through Hwanghae Province. Designated Class 660, six were built at the end of 1937 by Kisha Seizō (road numbers 660-663, works numbers 1490-1492) and Nippon Sharyō (road numbers 663-665) of Japan.
Postwar
After the Liberation and partition of Korea, these locomotives were divided between the Korean State Railway of North Korea and the Korean National Railroad of South Korea. None are known to survive. | WIKI |
Kid's Halloween Candy Buyback: Tues Nov 1st - Fri Nov 11th
Restoring Missing Teeth
Options: Bridges, Partials, Dentures, and Implants
There are some obvious consequences of missing teeth such as the aesthetic of large gaps and difficulty with chewing or speech, however there are a host of other consequences which not everyone may be familiar with. 70% of the population in the United States is missing a tooth; typically a molar in the back of the mouth. Missing teeth will impact the shape and size of the alveolar bone (responsible for surrounding and holding the tooth sockets in place) as well as the actual jaw bone. In fact, the alveolar bone experiences a decrease of 25% in width within the first four years of tooth loss. The constant stimulation of chewing with your teeth causes continual reformation in the bones. 1 Without this process the bone actually melts away, a process referred to as resorbing. Over years, this can cause drastic changes in appearance of the face, structure of the mouth, and arrangement of remaining teeth. Appearance-wise cheeks become hollow, the jaw shrinks and shifts forward, lips can sag, and the lower portion of the face actually shrinks making people look prematurely old. Inside the mouth teeth will shift which may cause more issues with speaking and chewing. The tongue can also expand to fill the space that teeth once occupied. Of course the number of missing teeth as well as individual variables will affect the path of these changes.
Partial Dentures Replacing Missing Teeth at Door County Dental Care
For many years the best option for restoration of missing teeth was bridges, partials, or dentures. During a bridge procedure the two teeth surrounding the missing tooth are prepared in order to cement permanent crowns on top. Between and affixed to the crowns is a pontic, which is a porcelain or ceramic tooth that fills the void from the missing tooth. Sometimes bridges are also call fixed partials. A partial denture is removable and made to replace several teeth, but not a whole mouth. The replacement teeth are attached to a pink base made to resemble the natural gum and usually clipped into place. Dentures are similar to partials, however they are for the replacement of a full set of teeth on the top or bottom. Both partials and dentures do take some time to get used to and require special care. Although all of these procedures are still widely performed and aid in chewing, speech, appearance, and maintaining tooth placement they won’t prevent the bone loss that occurs from missing teeth. In addition they will require adjustment over time as bone loss occurs and the inside structure of your mouth changes.
Implants are a relatively recent advance in dentistry and have the advantage of preventing the bone loss that would occur from missing teeth. Implants insert titanium into the jaw bone which actually fuses to the bone and provides the stimulation to the bone similar to that of a normal tooth. An artificial tooth is affixed to the titanium similar to how a crown is placed over a normal tooth. If a patient is missing multiple teeth Implants can also be used to fashion a bridge with the implants supporting either side of the center pontic. Implants can also be cared for similar to natural teeth and don’t have the special maintenance needs of partials and dentures. One drawback to an implant is price. They are much more expensive than the restoration options covered, however they are typically the longest lasting option. Implants also involve multiple steps and the whole process takes longer than the other options. Although it is rare, it is possible that the implant can be rejected by the body.
Implants, Bridges, and Partials, Modern Dentistry and Replacing Missing Teeth at Door County Dental Care
A video of one of our patients running over his no longer needed partial with his truck!
Sources
1. http://www.deardoctor.com/articles/hidden-consequences-of-losing-teeth/index.php | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:Urdu-language literary movements
This category may include the literary movements in both in India and Pakistan and some other Urdu speaking countries. | WIKI |
1881 Columbia football team
The 1881 Columbia football team represented Columbia University in the 1881 college football season. | WIKI |
In this videocast/podcast, Donna Reish (Intermittent Fasting blogger, IF course teacher, and recipe creator) teaches listeners ways to speed up weight loss while Intermittent Fasting. She tackles how and why fasting longer (20-24 hours) decreases insulin, increases human growth hormone, puts body into ketosis, shortens eating window to lessen calories, and more. Her second tip includes dividing OMAD (one meal a day) into three parts for OMAD/3—or SED: Snack/Entrée/Dessert. This is a natural boundary without specific restrictions. Her third tip is to examine what you might be consuming during your fasting window and making sure that nothing you are consuming is causing a spike in insulin or a desire for food. Donna’s fourth tip includes reducing carbohydrates by even a little—and why you shouldn’t try to “kind of keto.” Her fifth tip to speed up weight loss is to go on a ketosis diet for a short period of time. Sixthly, Donna describes how exercising in the fasted state can be “basically a rapidly-stimulated form of fasting” and how morning exercise can affect fat burning and weight loss. Lastly, Donna tackles the counting calories/points/MyFitnessPal tip—explaining how you might lose fast with this but also helping listeners realize the detriments from going too low in calories during fasting. Donna’s sponsor this week is her beloved new Hunger Control Slim, aka the pink drink. She describes how this helps her with fasting during the sponsor portion of the program at the very end.
A. Our Experience
a. 7 months for me=2 pounds a month
b. 6 months for Ray=10 pounds a month
c. Averaging 20 hours a day of fasting
d. Eating salads and veggies or something low carb and healthier to open our windows; eating anything/not everything in our eating window
B. Ways to Lose Weight Faster With IF
1. Fast longer
a. Lowers insulin
b. Causes fat deposits to be used as fuel for your body (since no food is present for a longer period of time)
c. Causes Human Growth Hormone (a good thing that helps with fat burning!) to spike more frequently (not just the normal bedtime and rising), which can up to double the fat burning during the fast
d. Automatically creates a shorter eating window, which will usually yield fewer calories overall
e. Puts body into fast-induced ketosis, which helps the body to work WITH you for weight loss rather than against you (like eating every two hours does)
2. Bring in the natural boundary of OMAD/3
a. OMAD/3 is dividing the One Meal a Day into 3 parts—
b. Also called SED—Snack/Entrée/Dessert
c. Grazing can cause large increase in calorie intake
d. OMAD/3 is a boundary without restrictions or counting
e. Usually works better in shorter eating windows
f. If longer eating window is desired, be sure Snack is truly a snack and not a meal (for calorie counters, this is probably 300 to 400 calories, not based on WHAT the snack is
3. Water and Coffee/Tea Only Fasting
a. If you think cream or stevia or lemon juice or Zevia or anything else in your fasting window is causing you to not lose weight, take it out one at a time to see if it makes a difference
b. Be sure you never consume anything in your fasting window that triggers hunger or desire to eat
4. Reduce carbohydrates a little
a. Doesn’t always have to be an all or nothing low carb thing
b. Do not “kind of keto”
c. Natural way to do this is to have opening snack always be low carb—your overall carbs will be reduced by 25% and you won’t illicit cravings as you open your eating window
d. Have some low carb/real food only days if you have a lot of celebratory type days
5. Go Keto
a. Keto and fasting together best way to lose weight really fast
b. Hard to do—don’t kind of keto
c. 75% fat; 15% protein; 10% carbs
d. Can do this temporarily for rapid weight loss then go back to IF without keto for maintenance
6. Exercise
a. Exercising during the fast is “basically a rapidly-stimulated form of fasting”
b. In other words, it burns through glycogen stores just like fasting does—but fast!
c. Exercise mobilizes fatty acids that are then turned into ketones
d. This is called exercise-induced ketosis
7. Count calories or points
a. Can work with laws of thermodynamics (calories in/calories out) but also has detriments to it
b. As we lower our caloric intake, we also lower our metabolism—this is why we use the law of thermodynamics to our benefit in order to skim calories off of our daily intake gradually with IF—not severe calorie restriction
c. Lower calories while fasting can cause a lot of weakness, burning of muscles instead of fat—making it harder to fast
d. Can cause extreme hunger during the fat because you don’t have fats to sustain you
e. Also can’t really have “party” days as you have lowered your metabolism to burn the lower calories all the time
C. Plexus Slim Hunger Control
1. Ingredients—
a. All plant-based designed to regulate blood sugar, reduce carb cravings, give energy, sleep, pain relief, feeling of well being, and more.
b. Chromium, garcinia cambogia, green coffee bean extract (non caffeine), alpha lipoic acid, beet root, mulberry extract, stevia, clinically-proven levels of polydextrose
c. Polydextrose is the difference between HC Slim and Gut Health Slim
d. Polydextrose is at levels clinically-proven to result in weight loss, hunger control, and appetite
2. Hunger control
a. Takes away hunger immediately and keeps it at bay for several hours
b. Mixes with water in the stomach and expands to make you feel full faster
3. When to take
a. May use during the fast if you don’t mind 2 net carbs (doesn’t cause an insulin spike because it is an blood-glucose metabolism product)
b. Takes away hunger and makes you feel amazing immediately
c. May take with or right before your big meal to fill up the stomach and cause you to eat less
4. Info sheet: Click HERE to view.
5. Hunger Control Slim video:
6. Order HERE as Preferred Customer for a great price!
a. Middle price
b. No quotas—may cancel next month’s order at any time
c. Call or text for help ordering: 260-433-4365
7. Email for a free sample: donnareishplexus@gmail.com
8. Email or call to order a seven day trial pack!
Below are a couple of links to books I use and love. I am an affiliate for Amazon.com. If you click on the links below I will earn a small commission. Thank you for your support of this blog!
6 Ways to Find Me and Find Out More About Daily Intermittent Fasting!
Sign up for my month-long, step-by-step course (starts the first Monday of each month)
Subscribe to the blog and get free IF start up charts
Join my private FB group where I teach IF!
Subscribe to iTunes
Subscribe to Youtube channel
Get my IF app
Resources
1) “Delay, Don’t Deny” book (amazing!)
2) “The Obesity Code” book
3) “Feast Without Fear” book
4) “The Complete Book of Fasting” (Jason Fung)
5) “Appetite Correction” book
6) “9 Facts About Plexus Slim” article
7) Free sample Plexus Slim
8) Our Plexus store
9) “Fasting Inferno” blog post with fun YouTube song and lyrics!
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Powered by Social Snap | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 23.djvu/175
Rh though distant extinction of quackery is to be hoped for; it forms a fragment of that final triumph of reason and virtue which is the secret consolation of every philanthropist."
O one who beheld the great auroral displays of last year can ever forget the impression that they made. They were among the most glorious celestial spectacles that have been witnessed in our latitudes. The first one occurred on the night of Sunday, April 16th. On the afternoon of that day I was watching with a telescope two complicated sun-spots, or groups of spots, one of enormous size, which had made their appearance on the solar disk several days before. My attention had been particularly attracted to these spots, both on account of their great size and because I thought I could perceive changes going on in them under my eyes. After watching them through the afternoon I became satisfied, about an hour before sun-down, that the smaller spot, which was considerably in advance of the other, and was rapidly approaching the sun's meridian, had visibly increased in size while I had been watching it, and that perceptible changes had taken place in the complicated cluster of nuclei constituting the black center of the greater spot. It was evident that a tremendous outburst of solar forces was occurring; but, although I knew of the well-established connection between such convulsions in the sun and the condition of the earth's magnetic elements, I was not prepared for the spectacle that followed.
The sun had been below the horizon only long enough for the lengthening spring twilight to fade from view, when a pale-green arch of light was seen spanning a broad arc of the northern horizon, while above it the mysterious streamers and curtains of the aurora were waving and coruscating in the sky. So quickly had the earth responded to the magnetic impulse from the storm on the sun. The popular excitement caused by this aurora was remarkable, especially among those who were not aware of the nature of the strange illumination in the sky. People gathered in knots at the street-corners, and in the little parks of the city, and gazed wonderingly at the flaming heavens. Many seemed to be seized with a mingled feeling of admiration and dread. I crossed the Fulton Ferry after midnight, when the auroral streamers were yet shooting from horizon to zenith, and Arcturus was shining brilliantly in the center of a complete crown of greenish-yellow light near the zenith. A throng gathered at the bow of the boat to watch the display, which was much more brilliant when | WIKI |
Page:The Zoologist, 3rd series, vol 2 (1878).djvu/381
Rh Wild Dog, Sambur, Spotted Deer, Barking Deer or Muntjac, Indian Antelope (Antilope bezoartica), Indian Gazelle or Ravine Deer (Gazella Bennettii), Wild Hog, Crocodile, Jackal, Fox, Jungle Cat (Fells chatis), Leopard Cat (F. bengalensis), Otter, Porcupine, Mouse Deer (Memimna indica), and Hare.
Of these the Cheetah is said to be "exceedingly rare," and neither the Antelope nor the Gazelle is considered numerous, but the rest are apparently common enough.
Of most of these Mr. Sanderson has a good deal to say, and in regard to the more dangerous animals relates some very stirring adventures. The elephant naturally receives the largest share of his attention, and the chapters devoted to this animal are full of useful statistics and information brought down to the present year.
Contrary to what is occurring in Africa, where elephants are getting every day scarcer from continued persecution, the Indian wild elephant is protected by Government, and enjoys perfect immunity throughout the Western Ghats and the vast jungles which extend for hundreds of miles along the foot of the Himalayas into Burmah and Siam.
The mode of catching wild herds in kheddahs, as practised by the author to supply the Government of India with beasts of burden, is fully described, and the description is rendered the more attractive and instructive by the maps, plans, and nicely- executed photo-tints which accompany.
The largest elephant measured by Mr. Sanderson stood nine nine feet ten inches at the shoulder, and the biggest he ever killed, a dangerous rogue-elephant in the Kakankote jungle, was nine feet seven inches at the shoulder, and measured twenty-six feet two inches and a half from tip of trunk to tip of tail. The tusks alone weighed seventy-four pounds and a half.
The price of elephants has risen enormously. In 1835 it was £45 per head ; tuskers of any pretensions are now worth from £800 to £1500 a-piece, and nothing is to be had, as a rule, under £150. The chief mart in India for the sale and purchase of elephants is at Sonepoor on the Ganges, where a great fair is annually held for the purpose.
It would scarcely be supposed that so unwieldy a creature as an elephant could swim well, and yet it does so probably better than any other terrestrial mammal. In November, 1875, Mr. Sanderson made seventy-nine elephants swim across the Ganges and several | WIKI |
Igraine
In the Matter of Britain, Igraine is the mother of King Arthur. Igraine is also known in Latin as Igerna, in Welsh as Eigr (Middle Welsh Eigyr), in French as Ygraine (Old French Ygerne or Igerne), in Le Morte d'Arthur as Ygrayne—often modernised as Igraine or Igreine—and in Parzival as Arnive. She becomes the wife of Uther Pendragon, after the death of her first husband, Gorlois.
Legend
In Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, Igerna enters the story as the wife of Gorlois, Duke of Cornwall. In Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, her daughters by Gorlois are Elaine, Morgause and Morgan le Fay. In other works, the names, roles and even number of Arthur's half-sisters vary depending on the text (including none in the Historia, in which Arthur has only a younger sister). In the Brut Tysilio, Cador of Cornwall is their son. John Hardyng's Chronicle calls Cador Arthur's brother "of his mother's syde".
Geoffrey describes her as one "whose beauty surpassed that of all the women of Britain." High King Uther Pendragon falls in love with her and attempts to force his attentions on her at his court. She informs her husband, who departs with her to Cornwall without asking leave. This sudden departure gives Uther Pendragon an excuse to make war on Gorlois. In Layamon's Brut, Igraine "was sorry and sorrowful at heart / that so many men should be lost for her".
Gorlois conducts the war from the castle of Dimilioc but places his wife in safety in Tintagel Castle. Disguised as Gorlois by Merlin, Uther Pendragon is able to enter Tintagel to satisfy his lust. He manages to rape Igraine by deceit – she believes that she is lying with her husband and becomes pregnant with Arthur. Her husband Gorlois dies in battle that same night. Geoffrey does not say, and later accounts disagree, as to whether Gorlois died before or after Arthur was begotten. Uther Pendragon later marries Igraine. Geoffrey says "from that day on they lived together as equals, united by their great love for each other". Geoffrey does not indicate whether Igraine ever learned of Uther's deception. Layamon says "Uther greeted Ygaerne, noblest of wives, and sent her token what they had spoken in bed; he commanded her that she should give up the castle quickly – there was no other way, for her lord was dead."
Malory has Arthur, who had been raised by Sir Ector, meet his mother for the first time after he had grown to manhood and become king. According to Geoffrey, Igraine also bore a daughter to Uther Pendragon: Arthur's full sister Anna, the future mother of Gawain and Mordred. Igraine is indirectly mentioned several times in the 11th/12th-century Welsh text Culhwch and Olwen as the unnamed mother of Arthur. Culhwch is given as Arthur's cousin, though it is not said whether this is through his father Cilydd (son of Celyddon) or his mother Goleuddydd (daughter of Amlawdd Wledig), nor whether through Igraine or Arthur's father. Culhwch and Olwen lists several brothers of Arthur's mother: Llysgadrudd Emys, Gwrbothu Hen, Gweir Gwrhyd Ennwir, and Gweir Paladyr Hir. It also says she had another son, Gormant, to Ricca, the chief elder of Cornwall. The 12th-century Life of St Illtud says Illtud was the son of Rieingulid (daughter of Amlawdd Wledig), and cousin to Arthur, reinforcing the connection between Igraine, Rieingulid, and Goleuddydd as three of the many children of Amlawdd Wledig, which was set out in later genealogies. When combined with the two previous sources, the Brut Dingestow suggests that Arthur's mother was named Eigyr. Welsh genealogies list Eigyr's mother as Gwen (daughter of Cunedda Wledig), and her father Amlawdd Wledig is made a descendant of Joseph of Arimathea's sister Enigeus. Around 1400, Glastonbury monks modified the genealogies to make the Maimed King either Igraine's grandfather or great-grandfather through Amlawdd Wledig.
In Robert de Boron's poem Merlin, Igraine's previous husband is an unnamed Duke of Tintagel and it is by him that she becomes the mother of two unnamed daughters. One marries King Lot and by him becomes the mother of Gawain, Mordred, Gaheriet, and Guerrehet. A second daughter, also unnamed in some variants but in some named Morgaine, is married to King Nentres of Garlot. According to Robert de Boron, Igraine died before her second husband. A third illegitimate daughter of the Duke of Tintagel is sent to a school and there learns so much, she becomes the great sorceress Morgan the Fairy (no other medieval accounts state that Morgan is illegitimate and therefore, as in this version, Arthur's stepsister).
In the Lancelot-Grail cycle's Vulgate Merlin, Igraine is provided with two earlier husbands, one named Hoel (Gorlois) who is the father of two daughters: Gawain's mother and a daughter named Blasine who marries King Nentres of Garlot. After Hoel's death, Ygraine marries the Duke of Tintagel and by him becomes mother of three more daughters: a third daughter who marries a King Briadas and becomes mother of King Angusel of Scotland (in no other extant text made Arthur's nephew), a fourth daughter named Hermesent who marries King Urien of Rheged and becomes mother of Ywain the Great, and a fifth daughter, Morgan. In other accounts, Ywain is not Arthur's nephew, although sometimes, he is Gawain's cousin when their respective fathers are presented as brothers.
Le Morte d'Arthur names the first daughter Margawse, the second Elayne and the third Morgan. Lancelot is the son of Arthur's sister Clarine in Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's Lanzelet, Caradoc is Arthur's sister's son in the Prose Lancelot, Percival is son of Arthur's sister Acheflour in the English romance Syr Percyvelle. Arthurian tales are not consistent with one another and sisters of Arthur seem to have been created at desire by any storyteller who wished to make a hero into Arthur's nephew. Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall (1602), drawing on earlier sources, mentions a sister of Arthur called Amy born to Igerna and Uther.
Some romances show her alive after Uther's death. In Chrétien de Troyes' Perceval, the Story of the Grail she and her daughter, Gawain's mother, are discovered by Gawain in an enchanted castle named the Castle of Marvels, after he had thought both his mother and grandmother to be long dead. This same account appears in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival and in Heinrich von dem Türlin's Diu Crône. In both of these, it is explained that Igraine was abducted (and it is hinted that she was willingly abducted) by the magician who has enchanted the castle. In the French Livre d'Artus, an incomplete alternate conclusion to the French Vulgate Merlin, it is mentioned that Ygraine dwells hidden in Corbenic, the castle of the Holy Grail. This is apparently a version of the same tradition since in the late Lancelot-Grail, the enchantments of the Grail castle are very similar to and seem to be based on the enchantments found in Chrétien's Castle of Marvels.
Bosigran promontory fort in Zennor parish, Cornwall, was suggested by Henry Jenner to mean the Dwelling of Igerna. Jenner also noted the proximity of Bosigran to Bosworlas (in St Just parish) the Dwelling of Gorlois, who he believed was a real petty-chief in fifth or sixth-century Dumnonia.
Modern fiction
* Jack Whyte's A Dream of Eagles portrays Igraine as the daughter of Athol, a ruler from Ireland. She is married off to Lot, the Duke of Cornwall and flees the cruel Lot for his arch enemy, Uther Pendragon.
* In the BBC series Merlin (S02 E08: "The Sins of the Father"), Ygraine is the wife of Uther, but dead for many years by the time the events of the series begins. She could not conceive, and so Uther asked for the help of the sorceress Nimueh so that they could have a child. Igraine gives birth to Arthur, but because magic was invoked in his conception, Uther had to pay the price of asking for a life from magic—that of losing the life of someone he treasured equally, his wife. It is Igraine's death that sparks Uther's hatred and persecution of all magic users within his kingdom.
* In Guy Ritchie's 2017 film King Arthur: Legend of the Sword, Poppy Delevingne plays Igraine, Uther's wife. | WIKI |
United States Code/Title 10/Subtitle E/Part V
Title 10—Armed Forces
Subtitle E—Reserve Components
Part V—Service, Supply, and Procurement
* Chapter 1801—Issue of Serviceable Material to Reserve Components [No present sections]
* Chapter 1803—Facilities for Reserve Components
* Chapter 1805—Miscellaneous Provisions | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Senkaku Islands
Case Opened on 14:38, 17 August 2011 (UTC)
Case Closed on 21:21, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Case amended by motion on 22:53, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
Watchlist all case pages: [/index.php?title=&action=watch 1], [/index.php?title=/Evidence&action=watch 2], [/index.php?title=/Workshop&action=watch 3], [/index.php?title=/Proposed_decision&action=watch 4]
Please do not edit this page directly unless you are either 1) an Arbitrator, 2) an Arbitration Clerk, or 3) adding yourself to this case. Statements on this page are original comments provided when the Committee was initially requested to Arbitrate this page (at Requests for arbitration), and serve as opening statements; as such, they should not be altered. Any evidence you wish to provide to the Arbitrators should go on the /Evidence subpage.
Arbitrators, the parties, and other editors may suggest proposed principles, findings, and remedies at /Workshop. That page may also be used for general comments on the evidence. Arbitrators will then vote on a final decision in the case at /Proposed decision.
Once the case is closed, editors may add to the as needed, but this page should not be edited otherwise. Please raise any questions at Requests for arbitration, and report violations of remedies at Administrators' noticeboard/Arbitration enforcement.
Involved parties
* , filing party
Statement by Qwyrxian
Senkaku Islands and Senkaku Islands dispute have been the subject of dispute as far back as 2003 (See Talk:Senkaku Islands/Archive 1). Senkaku Islands has been protected 5 times, including twice in the past year, and is currently fully protected. Senkaku Islands dispute has been protected 5 times since its creation in October 2010, and is currently fully protected. The issues being debated range from individual word and grammatical choices, to identifying and interpreting RS's, to overall organization. One of the most persistent arguments revolves around the article title itself. The page has been moved unilaterally several times (see page logs), but was moved back each time. Various steps of dispute resolution have been taken; none have succeeding in ending the disputes. Specifically:
* July 2007—Talk:Senkaku Islands/Archive 3: Request to move to "Pinnacle Islands".
* September 2010—Talk:Senkaku Islands/Archive 3: Request to move to "Pinnacle Islands".
* November 2010—Talk:Senkaku Islands/Archive 6: RfC on the article title.
* May – July 2011—Requests for mediation/Senkaku Islands: MedCom mediation.
Also, issues relating to these pages have been raised on noticeboards and Wikitalk pages, including WP:NORN (No original research/Noticeboard/Archive 15), WP:NPOVN (Neutral point of view/Noticeboard/Archive 20), WP:ANI (Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive8, Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive644, Administrators' noticeboard/IncidentArchive712), WT:NCGN (4 discussions, see search results), and possibly others.
The aforementioned Mediation failed. It closed after numerous editors were unable to behave and stay on topic; eventually, several editors abandoned mediation and it closed without any useful result. These behavioral problems have been rampant on the article talk pages and related user talk pages since 2010. Some editors have held that no matter what consensus says, the current article title will never be acceptable. Others have used baiting and borderline personal attacks. Others overwhelm the talk page with extremely complex and nearly impossible to follow philosophical arguments and graphics. One editor was taken to WQA for xyr behaviors on these pages (Wikiquette assistance/archive99); another was the subject of an RFC/U (Requests for comment/Tenmei). While in the past I had hoped to use the DR process to solve our problems, I have come to believe that until the behavioral problems are corrected, we will be unable to make constructive progress on the article content.
Finally, I would like to state that I am aware of the fact that ArbCom does not rule on content; however, if the committee accepts this case, and has any suggestions about how to settle the naming issue such as a binding RfC, a site-wide vote as happened for Liancourt Rocks, etc., input would be appreciated. The name has been one of the sticking points that keeps us from progressing on to actual article improvement, and so a lasting solution is highly desirable. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Qwyrxian (talk • contribs)
Statement by Magog the Ogre
Pardon me if I get any of this wrong... never filed an RFAr request before. Hopefully I don't miss anything important.
I entered the dispute through WP:AN3, a board which at times I frequent as a deciding admin. Since then, Senkaku Islands dispute has been subject to numerous locks, and Senkaku Islands has been on indefinite protection. The page has gone through failed RFCs, a mediation, and requests at ANI to help, not to mention numerous pleas on my talk page surrounding the issue (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13).
At a few times, I may not have given the issue the proper consideration it was due (cf. 2, where I was a bit unnecessarily rude about it as well). Nevertheless, I have done what's in my power to try to further the resolution in a way amenable to all parties. Recently, I took the unorthodox step of placing Senkaku Islands dispute on mandatory WP:BRD watch - any party breaking BRD would be subject to a block. This was an unusual step, granted, but it was a last ditch effort on my part to come up with a solution short of indefinite full-protection and/or Arbcom intervention (oh, and it did have community support!).
Nevertheless, it has not worked. Since, it has been quite clear to me that:
* All attempts at dispute resolution will continue to fail, as parties have and will continue to talk right past each other.
* None of the players in the dispute has been acting poorly in an overt enough fashion that the community would support bans/blocks for any one deed, or even for behavior as a whole without an Arbcom ruling.
* Certain figures have been acting in ways that has inflamed rather than alleviated the dispute.
* The situation would be helped greatly and possibly solved altogether with the censure of non-helpful parties in a way which Arbcom can accomplish, but which the community at large cannot. "Cast out the scorner, and contention shall go out; yea, strife and reproach shall cease."
On the case of figures acting poorly: in the past, I have called out specifically two editors:
* User:Tenmei for his unnecessarily loquaciousness, which I believe has often been used (unintentionally) to cover up a case of WP:IDIDNTHEARTHAT. I also believe Tenmei exhibits a severe case of MPOV, and possibly a lack of necessary WP:COMPETENCE (it is hurtful, and it pains me to say, but I have no other explanation).
* I have also called out User:Bobthefish2 for what I believe to be a desire to do nothing but troll and cause controversy. At every step of the way, his actions have seemed tailored to cause more strife, not less. Examples can be provided should Arbcom accept this case.
* It is important to note that these are not the only editors I have seen problems from; these are simply the two I have dealt with the most, and most recently.
Finally, I would like to echo Qwyrxian's statement that Arbcom does not, and should not, rule directly on content (this is kind of important, in light of a careless comment I made which was copied and mailed to the Arbcom list, a comment which I was completely incorrect in making). However, some rules/guidelines for conduct and censure of the bad apples from Arbcom would be quite helpful. Magog the Ogre (talk) 12:26, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* (Moved and redacted by clerk) @David Fuchs: I just want to say that they are based on user conduct. Magog the Ogre (talk) 22:25, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by John Smith's
It's a shame to see the matter go to arbitration, but I had a feeling that it would. Although I haven't withdrawn from the discussions on the relevant talk pages, I've been so baffled by some discussions or disheartened by the lack of ability to agree on almost anything that I have contributed less than I used to. There is a problem that clearly can't be resolved without either:
a) mass community input from uninvolved editors that reaches "inviolable consensus"; or b) sanctions and/or decisions on particular users that could allow the remainder to make progress
We have tried to get outside views, but no editors are willing to stick around and help move things forward. Which is understandable, and Wikipedia can't force people to come along to resolve problems. I also think that we've also got to the point where if action isn't taken, tensions could rise and more bitter actions take place that would be unfortunate. Sometimes prevention is better than cure, so I hope that the Arbitration Committee looks at this as an opportunity to stop escalation and having to hand out more severe sanctions later. John Smith's (talk) 17:46, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
EDIT: To reiterate, I would say that the problems are largely down to user behaviour. John Smith's (talk) 21:55, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Tenmei
Qwyrxian's open-ended request for help is a kind of trick question. It resists parsing. In our context of squandered opportunities, it is timely for ArbCom to acknowledge broader issues which are not made explicit.
* More awareness of a growing issue that is poisoning the very essence of collaborative editing that makes Wikipedia possible: real-world factions that vie for control over articles, turning them into polemical battlegrounds where surface civility is used to cover bias, tendentiousness and even harassment .
* Opportunity : ArbCom could choose to take a strong stance against that sort of "polite disruption" and those who use our rules of civility as weapons, recognize that long-term warriors are toxic, not vested, and investigate beyond surface behavior issues.
* Less timidity in addressing issues related to contents ( POV warring, tag teams, academic dishonesty).
* Opportunity : ArbCom could choose to be more active at curtailing content disputes. Academic integrity should become a priority; unlike "simple" incivility, the damage caused by editors misquoting, plagiarizing and editorializing destroys the credibility of our encyclopedia.
* Increased transparency in the dispute resolution process is needed .
* Opportunity : ArbCom could choose to explain decision-making in better detail, including reasons and justification. It is important that the participants in dispute resolution and the wider community understand why ArbCom decides to intervene -- or not to intervene, because this suggests a way to approach similar problems in other contexts.
These are not all my words, but I adopt them as if they were my own. That said, ArbCom should decline to endorse the framing which Qwyrxian presents.
Conventional dispute resolution tools are available, but we have seen these opportunities ignored, marginalized, thwarted, frustrated, etc. We have no good reason to hope for something better or different in this venue. --Tenmei (talk) 21:09, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
@ Qwyrxian -- are you unable or unwilling to re-frame and sharpen the focus of your statement in paragraphs and bullet points which are congruent with Coren's comment here? --Tenmei (talk) 16:09, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
@ SirFozzi and David Fuchs -- responding to requests, is it constructive to suggest that your ability to appreciate of the marriage of "content" and "conduct" may be better informed by two related concepts? These concepts are illustrated in the diffs of Qwyrxian and Bobthefish2 in one resolved thread here. The instructive value of this thread was highlighted by a proximal suggestion:
* Information asymmetry (ja:情報の非対称性)
* Moral hazard (zh:道德风险)
* "...Let's just get the two pages locked so that they will move on ...." -- Bobthefish2 08:45, 27 January 2011
This is complicated, but not inconsistent with problems Coren proposes to address here? --Tenmei (talk) 19:15, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Penwhale
A lot of the dispute resolution has not result in participation by parties. In addition, the fact that the romanized-name of both Senkaku and Diaoyu(tai) are often misspelled adds to the difficulty of using other sources to see which one is more commonly used. You can see the various attempts at using web search hits to determine the name being used more on the article talk page.
If this request is accepted, then just like it was in the Liancourt Rocks case, only editor conduct should be looked into. In addition, perhaps a community input can be requested by Arbitration Committee to seek broader input. - Penwhale | dance in the air and follow his steps 23:25, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by STSC
There are some "edit-warlords" constantly preventing any NPOV edit on the article; an intervention is needed to find a satisfactory solution. STSC (talk) 04:38, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Lvhis
Eventually this case has been brought here. Took me for a while to be familiar with the procedure of ArbCom. I am still not sure if I have understood this procedure fully correctly. So please correct me if I am incorrect or inappropriate doing my part here.
I am a relative newer one involved in this topic since I did not touch these pages until February 21, 2011 when I just came across that page. I think the substantial reason for such hardly resolvable dispute mainly due to that the dispute is tightly related to an international territory dispute like what happened in the case of the page Dokdo/Takeshima/Liancourt Rocks (or Islands). So I would like to echo Penwhale that this case is like Liancourt Rocks case. The fundamental problem that has caused this dispute being unresolvable so far is NPOV problem, like what is stated in the guideline WP:NCGN "to avoid giving the impression of support for a particular national point of view", compromise should be reached between editors, and thereafter consensus can be reached. Unfortunately, certain users attitude (and conduct?) towards to NPOV policy and the particular guideline has made this kind of compromise or consensus almost impossible. (sorry, not yet finished and may add more later). --Lvhis (talk) 04:57, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Improper conduct 1: Pushing a wrong concept like "a non-English name is the real Enlish name" in this disputed issue with Original Thought/Researches, even when several reliable sources have been provided that there is a real and pure English name originated from English language itself, to refuse to reach consensus not only for the naming issue, but also for editing certain part of the page (1, 2). The main aim of such improper conduct is POV pushing. Recently such improper conduct was led by user Qwyrxian.
Improper conduct 2: Double standards that made certain editting-war prevention effort ineffective or in vain. For instance, a unorthodox sanction was set by admin Magog the Ogre recently for the page Senkaku Islands dispute and worked quite well at beginning that some sort of consensus for editing some part had even been reached (3, 4, 5), but later this sanction became actually ineffective, not only by user Tenmei's violation (6) but also by user Qwyrxian's cooperative "revert" (7) and a "discussion" (8) which interrupted another ongoing discussion (9) obeying the sanction, rather than reporting this to admin Magog the Ogre. User Qwyrxian also made an excuse for user Tenmei (10). When user Tenmei came back from his "wiki pausing", he challenged the saction bolder and bolder (11), and eventually has made admin Magog the Ogre fully protected that page (12). The lesson here I think is no matter what kind of sanctions, or block, or ban will be enforced, the more important or key point here is how to enforce it. Unbalanced enforcement of rules will ruin any efforts of such sanctions, bans, etc.
User Qwyrxian is a newly elected admin. He has been involved in this dispute for quite a long time and in a very deep extent. Although he did not use his admin tool in this dispute after getting his adminship, the situation for the disputed page after his back from a recent short break of him seemed has been deteriorated. In his RfA I made a firm "Oppose" vote (Oppose #5) and expressed my worry and concern. Although thereafter I once ever ignited a hope that his election would improve him and help to solve this dispute (13, 14), now I have been totally disappointed. He is also the requester of this RfAr. I know I challenged an admin but I hope for the sake of Wikipedia and of resolving the hardly resolvable dispute, the improper conducts mentioned above can be reprimanded. --Lvhis (talk) 21:37, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Zscout370
I forgot how I was asked to look into the article, but I was involved with trying to steer the discussion on the title of the article. I have brought up the title "Pinnacle Islands" because it was similar to the result of the Laincourt Rocks (an issue that I have dealt with in the capacity as an OTRS agent by answering emails about the subject). I have not blocked any users over the issue, but I knew my involvement could have been seen as a possible POV problem because of my involved with the Japanese on and off wiki (ja-3). I also did not sanction any user with regards to the article or provided any article protections. User:Zscout370 (Return Fire) 05:30, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Feezo
As the appointed mediator in the Senkaku Islands formal mediation case, I affirm the Mediation Committee supports arbitration regarding the Senkaku Islands. I am of the opinion that the problems which this case addresses are almost exclusively user conduct. As mediator, I have a duty to ensure that conduct within the closed mediation case remains privileged: to that end, I have deleted the case talk pages for at least the duration of this arbitration. This is unlikely to have any influence on these proceedings, as conduct within the case was substantially similar to conduct without; examples have already been provided. Feezo (send a signal | watch the sky) 18:30, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
Statement by Bobthefish2
Since this is just an initial statement, I will keep it short.
Tendentious editing is, by far, the most severe problem suffered by these pages. Almost every major discussion about content is paralyzed by this issue. Tenmei is, among all, the chief offender. He has a stubborn tendency of derailing debates and piling in tremendous amounts irrelevant and hard-to-parse arguments. Since this issue has already been described by other parties in an appropriate amount of detail, I’d leave it at that for now.
Despite Magog the Ogres and Qwyrxians’ complaints about civility, they’ve been party of substantially worse offenses recently. While I have had no problems with Magog in the past, he has recently mishandled a situation – an allegation confirmed by another admin – but refused to correct the matter. When asked for clarification, he said the matter was getting on his nerves and then forcibly closed off the discussions to prevent more questions being asked. Later, when asked another question about his handling of another situation, he refused to address the question and instead complained that the requesting party does nothing but troll.
Qwyrxian has often fancied himself as a neutral party and a civility crusader, but he has an unfortunate habit of WP:HOUNDing other people (such as myself). He has noted on an occasion that he held a personal bias against me and implied that he found content to be offensive partly because I was the author. He is also a party to Magog’s recent inappropriate handling of issues and gamed the system in a very obvious manner.
That’s about all I would say for now. I will provide diffs, examples, and details in the next stage of the arbitration. --Bobthefish2 (talk) 02:11, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
Arbitrators' opinion on hearing this matter (7/0/1/1)
* I could go either way on this. As stated, we avoid content rulings, but possibly what we could do is see who is preventing consensus from being reached and if they are acting in ways contrary to Wikipedia's norms and policies, remove them from the topic area. I could also see the area being placed under discretionary sanctions. If folks wouldn't mind, I'd like to see statements about how much of this dispute is conduct, and how much of the dispute is content. SirFozzie (talk) 15:37, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept SirFozzie (talk) 18:39, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Recuse. I would think the various editors concerned would think this counted as sufficiently sticking my oar in already. --Elen of the Roads (talk) 22:25, 13 August 2011 (UTC)
* I echo SirFozzie's queries to the parties. I see that many dispute resolution methods have been tried, but if the underlying issues are not based on conduct then there's little we can really do. @Tenmei, I don't think single cases are the places to broaden or modify ArbCom's scope--that's something that should start with the community. Der Wohltemperierte Fuchs ( talk ) 20:40, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
* (Inline comment moved to own section by clerk) By convention, parties and arbs reply to each other in our respective sections. Jclemens (talk) 23:46, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept John Vandenberg (chat) 23:36, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
* Awaiting statements Jclemens (talk) 23:46, 14 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept anything that MedCom defers and throws our way should be accepted by default. Jclemens (talk) 02:21, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
* Awaiting further statements, leaning toward acceptance and the expectation that this could be a relatively quick case. Newyorkbrad (talk) 01:17, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept. Newyorkbrad (talk) 18:34, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept Casliber (talk · contribs) 13:06, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept; this is a relatively simple case where it's likely consensus could be reached if everyone behaved and where Arbcom could help by making sure everybody does. — Coren (talk) 14:11, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept. PhilKnight (talk) 22:18, 15 August 2011 (UTC)
* Accept. – xeno talk 02:21, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
Temporary injunction (none)
=Final decision=
Purpose of Wikipedia
1) The purpose of Wikipedia is to create a high-quality, free-content online encyclopedia. This is best achieved in an atmosphere of collegiality, camaraderie, and mutual respect among contributors. Use of the site for other purposes, such as advocacy or propaganda, the furtherance of outside conflicts, publishing or promoting original research, and political or ideological struggle, is prohibited.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Neutral point of view and undue weight
2) All Wikipedia articles must be written from a neutral point of view, with all relevant points of view represented in reasonable proportion to their importance and relevance to the subject-matter of the article. Undue weight should not be given to aspects which are peripheral to the topic. Relying on synthesized claims, or other "original research", is also contrary to this principle.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Decorum
3) Wikipedia users are expected to behave reasonably, calmly, and courteously in their interactions with other users. Unseemly conduct, such as personal attacks, incivility, assumptions of bad faith, harassment, disruptive point-making, and gaming the system, is prohibited. Making unsupported accusations of such misconduct by other editors, particularly where this is done repeatedly or in a bad-faith attempt to gain an advantage in a content dispute, is also unacceptable.
* Passed 11 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Consensus
4) Wikipedia relies on a consensus model. When there is a good-faith dispute, editors are expected to participate in the consensus-building process, in lieu of soapboxing, edit warring, or other inappropriate behavior. Abuse of the consensus model and process, such as misrepresenting consensus or poisoning the well, is disruptive. Specific forums, such as those for deletion and page move discussions, have been created to seek and where possible attain consensus on specific types of content disagreements.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Talk pages
5) The purpose of a talk page is to provide a location for editors to discuss changes to the associated article or project page. Article talk pages should not be used by editors as platforms for their personal views on a subject. Editors should aspire to use talk pages effectively and must not misuse them through practices such as excessive repetition, monopolization, irrelevancy, advocacy, misrepresentation of others' comments, or personal attacks.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Role of the Arbitration Committee
6) It is not the role of the Arbitration Committee to settle good-faith content disputes among editors.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Disruptive and tendentious editing
7) Contributors who engage in tendentious or disruptive editing – such as sustained and aggressive point-of-view pushing – may be subjected to editing restrictions on the articles in question or be banned from the topic or the site.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Edit wars are harmful
8) Edit-warring is harmful. When disagreements arise, users are expected to discuss their differences rationally rather than reverting ad infinitum. Revert rules should not be construed as an entitlement or inalienable right to revert, nor do they endorse reverts as an editing technique.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Disputes regarding article titles
9) Article titles are based on the name by which reliable English-language sources refer to the article's subject. In determining which of several alternative names is most frequently used, it is useful to observe the usage of major international organizations, major English-language media outlets, quality encyclopedias, geographic name servers, major scientific bodies and scientific journals. When there is no single obvious term that is obviously the most frequently used for the topic, as used by a significant majority of reliable English-language sources, editors should reach a consensus as to which title is best by considering recognisability, naturalness, precision, conciseness and consistency.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Focus of the dispute
1) The dispute centers around the name or names to be used on English Wikipedia when referring to the Diaoyu/Senkaku/Pinnacle Islands, in order that Wikipedia content is neutral on this real-world territorial dispute. Specifically, the dispute focuses on what name to use as the title of the Senkaku Islands article and related articles.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Real-world catalyst
2) The topic of the correct, neutral designation has been disputed on Wikipedia since 2003; however, interest in the dispute was renewed and increased after the 2010 Senkaku boat collision incident in September 2010.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Mediation unsuccessful
3) Since September 2010, the pages currently titled Senkaku Islands and Senkaku Islands dispute have frequently been protected in response to edit-warring, such as the edit war in February over of the inclusion of tag NPOV-title on these articles. The dispute was taken to the Mediation Committee (Requests for mediation/Senkaku Islands), but the mediation did not achieve a satisfactory resolution of the dispute.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Tenmei's history
4) was topic-banned from a particular topic for six months as a remedy to the Tang Dynasty arbitration case of 2009, and thereafter, following a review, was permitted to edit Wikipedia only with the guidance of six publicly identified mentors.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Tenmei and disputes
5) Although Tenmei was counselled on this issue during the prior case, his manner and style of communications during disputes has not improved. Whether intentional or not, Tenmei's involvement in the current dispute has frustrated involved and uninvolved editors alike, amplifying and prolonging the dispute resolution process.(Requests for comment/Tenmei (see views by HXL49 and Taemyr); Evidence section "Tenmei", provided by Qwyrxian; )
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Bobthefish2's history
6) registered an account in September 2010, and the user states that he or she was "new and was condescending".(User:Bobthefish2/ArbComEvidence) Since October 2010, Bobthefish2 has focused heavily on the Senkaku Islands dispute. Bobthefish2 has a limited number of contributions to other topics on Wikipedia.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Bobthefish2
7) Bobthefish2 has engaged in a pattern of disruptive use of talk pages.(Evidence section "Bobthefish2", provided by Qwyrxian)
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
STSC's history
8) became an active user in October 2010, and was focused heavily on the Senkaku Islands dispute until June 2011. STSC is now contributing to a broader range of topics; however, a large proportion of these topics are similar territorial disputes, including Wikipedia article-naming disputes.(Talk:Swallow Reef; Talk:Spratly Islands)
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
STSC
9) STSC has made inappropriate sexualised comments about parties involved in this dispute.(User_talk:STSC#Please_immediately_change_your_remarks; ; )
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Remedies
Note: All remedies that refer to a period of time, for example to a ban of X months or a revert parole of Y months, are to run concurrently unless otherwise stated.
Tenmei topic banned indefinitely
1B) Tenmei is indefinitely topic banned from the subject of Senkaku Islands, widely construed. The topic ban includes talk pages, wikipedia space and userspace.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Tenmei advised
2A) Tenmei is advised that his unusual style of communication has not been conducive to resolving this dispute. Accordingly, Tenmei is urged to develop a different style of communication, which is more similar to that used by experienced Wikipedia editors. Until this happens, Tenmei is advised not to engage in topics which are the subject of a dispute.
* Passed 7 to 4, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Tenmei banned for one year
3A) Tenmei is banned for one year.
* Passed 10 to 1, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Bobthefish2 topic banned
4A) Bobthefish2 is topic banned from the subject of Senkaku Islands, widely construed, for one year . The topic ban includes talk pages, wikipedia space and user space.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
STSC warned
5) STSC is warned to avoid any sexualisation of discussions, especially during disputes.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Parties reminded
6) The parties are reminded that attempts to use Wikipedia as a battleground may result in the summary imposition of additional sanctions, up to and including a ban from the project.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
Discretionary sanctions
7) The topic covered by the article currently located at Senkaku Islands, interpreted broadly, is placed under standard discretionary sanctions. Any uninvolved administrator may levy restrictions as an arbitration enforcement action on users editing in this topic area, after an initial warning.
* Passed 12 to 0, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
* Rescinded by motion at 22:53, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
Discretionary sanctions for naming of disputed islands in East Asia
8A) An uninvolved administrator may, after a warning given a month prior, place any set of pages relating to a territorial dispute of islands in East Asia, broadly interpreted, under standard discretionary sanctions for six months if the editing community is unable to reach consensus on the proper names to be used to refer to the disputed islands.
While a territorial dispute is subject to discretionary sanctions due to this remedy, any uninvolved administrator may levy restrictions as an arbitration enforcement action on users editing in these topical areas, after an initial warning.
* Passed 9 to 2, 21:19, 5 October 2011 (UTC)
* Vacated [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Motions&oldid=606946990#Motion:_DS_.282014.29_housekeeping_provisions by motion] 12 to 0, 21:27, 3 May 2014 (UTC)
Senkaku islands (February 2022)
Remedy 7 of the Senkaku Islands case ("Discretionary sanctions") is rescinded. Any actions previously taken in accordance with the discretionary sanctions authorization remain in force and are governed by the discretionary sanctions procedure.
* Passed 9 to 0 by motion at 22:53, 1 February 2022 (UTC)
Log of blocks, bans, and restrictions
Any block, restriction, ban, or sanction performed under the authorisation of a remedy for this case must be logged in this section. Please specify the administrator, date and time, nature of sanction, and basis or context. Unless otherwise specified, the standardised enforcement provision applies to this case. All sanctions issued pursuant to a discretionary sanctions remedy must be logged at Arbitration Committee/Discretionary sanctions/Log.
* 21:33, 5 October 2011 was blocked for 1 year by Timotheus Canens per remedy 3A "Tenmei banned for one year" logged here by Thryduulf (talk) 16:30, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
* 18:44, 6 October 2011 was prohibited from editing his talk page or emailing users through Wikipedia until the expiry of the ban (21:33:09 5 October 2012) by AlexandrDmitri with the reason: "Arbitration enforcement: Per talkpage comments and email replies about WP:BAN" logged here by Thryduulf (talk) 16:30, 7 October 2011 (UTC)
* Note: Tenmei was renamed on 2 June 2013, also see. | WIKI |
Time traveling through Git history
Posted on May 4, 2020
Bad things happen
GIT is a version control system which one of the most widespread among developers around the world.
While using it day by day, bad things can happen:
• you can commit something not useful (by accident)
• you may want to change commit name (due to mistake)
You may also want to keep commit history clean instead of filling up with a bunch of redundant information, like this:
Project Structure
Changing commit if it hasn’t been pushed to the remote
In case if there is only one commit made and it has not been pushed to a remote repository - it is possible to modify multiple things for a given commit:
• Change commit message:
git commit --amend
After executing the command, you should manually edit the commit message:
Project Structure
• Revert last commit (number after ~ states number of commits to get back):
git reset --soft HEAD~1
Turn multiple commits at one
Making multiple commits as one called squashing.
Here is how to do it via the command line:
1. First of all, you need to have either default text editor installed on working machine or install a new one.
It can be for example Notepad++, Sublime Text, vim, etc. Before changing the history, we need to tell Git, which editor to use (for example Notepad++):
git config core.editor "'C:\Program Files (x86)\Notepad++\notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"
2. Start the squashing process by executing an interactive rebase process in a working branch:
git rebase -i HEAD~3
3. After executing the command, Git will open a text editor and offer you to perform actions on a given number of commits.
Project Structure
You can either check commit as ‘pick’ or ‘squash’. In case of marking commit as ‘squash’ it will be included into one which marked as ‘pick’.
In the end, it is better to leave one commit as ‘pick’ and mark others as ‘squash’.
Project Structure
4. The next step is to modify commit message after squashing. You can use the same text editor.
Project Structure
5. In the end, instead of three commits, in Git history will be displayed only one. Project Structure
Conclusion
There is no need to worry if something wrong included in the commit or too many commits have been added. Git lets you change history in many ways.
Do you often change your commit history? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Alternative Methods Of Pain Relief Essay
2699 words - 11 pages
"Oww! &%$%!"
Pathways of Pain and Alternative Methods of Pain Relief
Have you ever wondered why when you stub your toe on the chair in the living room, it helps tremendously to yell out an expletive or two and vigorously rub the area? I may not be able to discuss the basis for such language in this paper, but we will explore the analgesic response to rubbing that toe, in addition to the mechanism of pain and alternative treatments such as acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
In the two previous papers for this class I have chosen to focus upon the inherent power of the brain in relation to healing. Studies of the placebo effect and psychoneuroimmunology have ...view middle of the document...
We would not be able to change our behavior in any way when touching the burning hot dish in the oven, resulting in potentially serious burns. We could not recognize that perhaps we twisted an ankle when walking down the stairs, thus continued walking on that foot would exacerbate the injury to the point of not being able to walk at all. Indeed, pain is not pleasant, but in many cases it is an important way for our nervous system to learn from and react to the environment.
Mechanisms of Pain
What is the mechanism for pain sensation and response? Pain is a sensation characterized by unpleasant perceptual and emotional experiences that trigger various autonomic, psychological, and somatomotor responses. It is believed that this sensation consists basically of two types: 1) rapidly conducted action potentials carried by large- diameter myelinated axons, resulting in the sensation of sharp, well-localized pricking or cutting pain; 2) more slowly propagated action potentials carried by smaller, less heavily myelinated axons, resulting in the sensation of burning or aching pain (1). Variations in pain sensation result from the differences in integration of action potentials from pain receptors and the mechanisms by which pain receptors are stimulated. Usually, pain information originates in the periphery, for example, stubbing the toe. The change in tissue results in the release of substances from neurons adjacent to that tissue, possibly neuropeptides, serotonin, histamine, proteolytic enzymes, and prostaglandins, that activate pain fibers in the skin (2). It is believed that pain receptors are activated by the same stimuli that affect tactile and mechanoreceptors (1), since there may not be any specialized receptors or fibers that respond to noxious stimulation. Action potentials from tactile receptors probably help localize the source of pain and monitor changes in stimuli (1). This may explain why superficial pain is highly localized and perceived as sharp, since there is a high concentration of tactile receptors in the skin which are stimulated simultaneously as the pain receptors. Deep or visceral pain is often perceived as diffuse due to the absence of many mechanoreceptors in more deeper structures (1). Certain receptors have been identified which respond solely to noxious stimulation, called nociceptors. It has become possible to record the discharge frequency of these fibers and directly correlate the activity with the perceived intensity of pain (3).
The exact form of stimulus- response function is not known, but I we will look at some of the commonly accepted explanations. Concurrent activity in nociceptive and non-nociceptive fibers can strongly affect the perceived intensity of pain, demonstrating that convergence of afferent activity onto neurons in the spinal cord is key for pain mediation (3). Afferent fibers carry the nociceptive information from the periphery to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Several tracts in the...
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sport Your Argument
The result was no consensus. (WP:NPASR). North America1000 09:39, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
Sport Your Argument
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Doesn't seem to have met WP:BCAST. The claim of large audience (heard nationally) is not verified, has no established history and is not an unique program. Guess this should be deleted. — ☮ JAaron95 Talk 12:03, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of United States of America-related deletion discussions. — ☮ JAaron95 Talk 12:05, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Washington-related deletion discussions. — ☮ JAaron95 Talk 12:05, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Radio-related deletion discussions. — ☮ JAaron95 Talk 12:05, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
I helped created the Sport Your Argument Page, so I would vote to Keep it. The show's replay podcast averages over 1000 downloads, as you can see on their homepage. The usual rule of thumb is 10x more live listeners than archived listeners. While the show is the most listened to on an all sports podcast channel of Blog Talk Radio, it's also the main weekly show of a TuneIn Radio station. While I would have to reach out to the show for verification, on October 7th the show released their Top 5 metropolitan areas of listeners which was (according to them): Miami, Seattle, San Jose, Washington DC and Philadelphia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by WikiSports1982 (talk • contribs) 16:04, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
I would Keep this page as well, they posted their audience stats a few months ago on the website blog, showing the reach of the audience. I heard of the show on my TuneIn Radio Station even though I live in Seattle, Washington. Sprts4566 (talk) 16:24, 15 October 2015 (UTC) Sprts4566 Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Note. and are ✅ socks. See Sockpuppet investigations/WikiSports1982.--Bbb23 (talk) 17:36, 15 October 2015 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, -- Sam Sailor Talk! 16:56, 22 October 2015 (UTC)
JAaron95 this is M. Potter one of the hosts and creators of Sport Your Argument. I can confirm that our show has over 1,346 downloads off our website this week, excluding the listens when our show airs on Blog Talk Radio and TuneIn Radio. We can also confirm the cities above and if you would like any additional information please feel free to reach out to us using the contact information found on our website. SYA was very pleased to be a part of Wikipedia and hope to continue being included on this website. A special thank you to WikiSports1982 for creating the page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by SYAsportstalk (talk • contribs) 20:02, 23 October 2015 (UTC) — SYAsportstalk (talk • contribs) has made few or no other edits outside this topic. Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, — UY Scuti Talk 18:35, 29 October 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Florida-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 05:30, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Washington, D.C.-related deletion discussions. • Gene93k (talk) 05:30, 6 November 2015 (UTC)
* Comment – Struck content from confirmed socks above, per WP:SOCKSTRIKE. (See Sockpuppet investigations/WikiSports1982/Archive.) North America1000 09:38, 7 November 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Talk:Narendra Modi/Archive 16
Caste in the lead
Regardless of sourcing for Modi's caste, which has been discussed to death here over the years, it is inappropriate to mention it in the lead section. There is nothing about it that is of significance, except in the minds of people obsessed with this artificial construct - unlike, say, an activist in the Dalit movement. It is mentioned in the body and has been for a long time. Hence my removal of the (malformatted) recent addition. - Sitush (talk) 06:10, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
Modi is a mass OBC leader and the OBC face of the BJP with a huge following amongst other backward castes, which also serves BJP's poll strategy and makes absolute sense to have it in the main part of the article. I DO NOT agree with Sitush's views that its an artificial construct, caste is a government policy of India to dole out reservations and Modi has been flip flopping on the aspect of enforcing promotions based on caste based reservations, In India people don't caste their vote but vote their caste. No doubt CASTE is the most important aspect of Indian life and Wikipedia has so many baseless articles on Castes, where Sitush is a regular contributor where he incites hatred and keeps inflaming peoples passions. Everyone can check his deliberate commissions and omissions on caste based articles and talk pages. There are many editors who regularly complain against user Sitush. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:30, 9 May 2017 (UTC)
Honorific in infobox
added "the honorable MP" as a title in the infobox. There are fields for this. removed it.
Is it not preferable to list a person's title in the infobox? Why should this not be added? Blue Rasberry (talk) 11:50, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
No because that's not really an official title like MBE Akhiljaxxn (talk) 12:45, 21 June 2017 (UTC)
Changes without consensus
made controversial lead changes earlier without gaining consensus. And edits are rather clearly BLP violation, because they spread the false notion that Modi's administration is still considered to have been complicit in 2002 Gujarat riots. Scholarly consensus is now that Modi/Government was "accused" or "alleged" and that they were cleared by court Other than that Vanamonde93 had also changed "reducing bureaucracy" to "encourages efficiency in the bureaucracy", despite the source saying otherwise. I am not seeing any discussion in archives for these edits. I am seeing for edits from January though, that were made to reach GA status, but not for these from Vovember. Capitals00 (talk) 05:28, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* The content you removed here is patently not a BLP vio because it is thoroughly sourced. The consensus for the content in question was established through lengthy discussions; the lead needs to accurately summarize the body, which is what my edits did. The article has been through a GA review by, who has written more biographies of major political figures than any other Wikipedian I know of. The content in question does not say Modi was complicit; it says his government was considered to be. If you cannot tell the difference between these statements, that is your problem, not mine. Finally, you have breached the 1RR restriction on this page: self-revert, or expect to find yourself at AN3. Vanamonde (talk) 05:34, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* Yes I did acknowledged the GA status, but I haven't seen discussion for this lead edit from November mentioned anywhere on talk page or GA disucssion. I have restored the material that is not coming under this dispute (foreign direct investment, twitter followers). Back to complicity issue, you can see that this is causing confusion, can we change the word "considered" to "alleged"? Capitals00 (talk) 05:48, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* Sorry, you do not get to game 1RR because material is in dispute: it is precisely because material is in dispute that the 1RR restriction exists in the first place. Self-revert to the last stable version, ie this version, and I'd be perfectly willing to discuss specific wording issues. My warning about AN3 still stands, as you are still in violation. Vanamonde (talk) 05:52, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* Okay, now we are getting somewhere. Here are what I see as the broad strokes in the picture, supported by basically all the scholarly sources in the article: 1) Modi was accused of complicity; 2) A supreme court investigation found insufficient evidence against Modi; 3) The Gujarat government has been described as complicit by a number of scholars; 4) Individuals of the government have been prosecuted, and in one prominent case, sentenced, for participating in the riots. Points 1, 2, and 3 are made in the lead. Point 4 is made in the body, but not in the lead. All of the points here are sourced. Which ones do you take issue with? Vanamonde (talk) 06:08, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
* Now here are the issues:-
* (1) There should be no problem with this edit.
* (2) "His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots, or otherwise criticised for its handling of it, although a court found no evidence to prosecute Modi. His policies as chief minister, credited with encouraging economic growth, have received praise. His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty, and education indices in the state.{{efn|Sources stating that Modi has failed to improve human development indices in Gujarat." 'It should be changed to:" His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty, and education indices in the state and its handling of 2002 Gujarat riots." Reasons are given above. Or it should be "administration was alleged".
* (3)"tried to raise foreign direct investment in the Indian economy, increased spending on infrastructure, and reduced spending on healthcare and social welfare programmes. Modi has attempted to improve efficiency in the bureaucracy, and centralised power through the abolition of the planning commission. He has begun a high-profile sanitation campaign, and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws." 'It should be changed to: "focused on reforming and modernising India's infrastructure and government, reducing bureaucracy, increasing foreign direct investment, improving national standards of health and sanitation and improving foreign relations." Because the source state as these things happened, than they are in process. I also provided a latest source for the heavy increase in foreign investment.
* (4) Linking smart cities to Smart Cities Mission. For more accuracy.
* (5) Updating Twitter follower count, it is 30 million as of June 2017. I had also provided source of Washington Post. Capitals00 (talk) 13:56, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
{{od}} To take your points in order: 1) That is a completely unhelpful edit, because the fact that he is the MP for Varanasi is already in the first paragraph of the lead. It is totally redundant. 2) Why? You simply say it "should." The version I have written is supported by reliable sources; a whole lot of reliable sources. The majority of scholarly sources on the subject consider the government complicit. Per WP:DUE, we need to give this view weight; we cannot reduce it to "allegedly" simply because you don't like it. If you want to change this, you need to bring sources of equal weight that dispute this narrative; and by equal weight I mean scholarly sources, not newspaper Op-Eds. 3) This is messier. "reforming and modernising" are peacock terms that mean nothing. I'd be okay with changing "improve efficiency in the bureaucracy" to "reducing bureacracy"; that is also supported by the source. "increasing foreign direct investment" is not okay, because Modi cannot increase private investment. He can encourage it; he can incentivize it; but he cannot increase it. You don't seem to have provided any reasons for the other changes, which are replacing more specific things with vague phrases. 4) Assuming you want to link to it in the body, go ahead. 5) That's fine. Vanamonde (talk) 14:30, 22 June 2017 (UTC)
External Link additions
WP:ELNO specifically forbids the use of search aggregates in the external links, and I'm afraid all of the links you just added fall into this category. Can you please self-revert? Vanamonde (talk) 08:34, 24 June 2017 (UTC)
* Alright, but then how come search aggregates are provided in articles such as Barack Obama, Donald Trump or David Cameron. Please check those article.--Anandmoorti (talk) 08:46, 24 June 2017 (UTC)
* The fact is a good many of those are not search results, but are actually profiles of a sort created by those websites, or in some cases lists of works. Those links that are search aggregates should be removed, but that's an issue to be raised there. Vanamonde (talk) 09:41, 24 June 2017 (UTC)
* Alright.--Anandmoorti (talk) 13:56, 24 June 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 July 2017
Naidu.v (talk) 16:05, 19 July 2017 (UTC)
* ✅--regentspark (comment) 16:46, 19 July 2017 (UTC)
Lead
I have edited the lead, it was talking about his ideology and Gujarat riots for 2nd time at the end of the lead. It needs not to repeat stuff, hence I replace it with his approval ratings that show a balanced view about him. Orientls (talk) 09:13, 23 July 2017 (UTC)
about yoga teacher
sir with due respect and humble submission this is to bring to your kind and enlightened attention that,the yoga teachers who were worked as contractual in all kendriya vidyalaya.They were worked on temporary basis and there is no certainity on thier job, kindly see the above matter and do the needful action from your end.
THANK YOU (contractual yoga teacher) (WEST BENGAL) MOB; — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:28, 18 July 2017 (UTC)
* Hello, I have removed your personal details because this is not a place for such things. MPS1992 (talk) 10:31, 23 July 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 21 September 2017
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:43, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
* Padlock-silver-open.svg Not done: According to the page's protection level you should be able to edit the page yourself. If you seem to be unable to, please reopen the request with further details. Sparkling Pessimist Scream at me! 04:10, 21 September 2017 (UTC)
Demonetisation
The recent RBI report appears to have been scathing regarding the effects of the demonetisation exercise. Or is that just the way the writer has interpreted it here? - Sitush (talk) 19:21, 31 August 2017 (UTC)
Sorry, I should clarify the above comment. My point is that the article currently seems to imply that the program was a success because of various percentage improvements relating to tax returns etc. But that wasn't the purpose and, according to my link, it did not succeed in the sense that was indeed the purpose. - Sitush (talk) 00:27, 1 September 2017 (UTC)
* That is pretty much what the bank is saying, yes. And it's a news story which is still being featured in multiple sources, so at some point it should go in this article. Vanamonde (talk) 03:25, 1 September 2017 (UTC)
* Ok, thanks. I think there may be stuff to be gleaned from this BBC summary also, although perhaps not much of it could be used directly because it may seem a bit op-edish. The issue of his portrayal by major news media in India, in particular. - Sitush (talk) 11:19, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
* I hadn't seen that source before, I'll take a look at it. Bit busy at the moment, though. Vanamonde (talk) 12:45, 20 October 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 26 September 2017
"repeated again" to "repeated" to avoid repetition. 2605:E000:9161:A500:3832:5234:5BA4:7DB6 (talk) 06:22, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done DRAGON BOOSTER ★ 06:37, 26 September 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 30 September 2017
Thakurajitsingh (talk) 17:04, 30 September 2017 (UTC) 3 years journey and led to super hero of indian history
* ❌ - unsourced, unclear PoV - Arjayay (talk) 17:14, 30 September 2017 (UTC)
Updated Modi
BBC ,Telegraph ,Washington Post and Guardian all speak in same voice say he has moved Pariah status to rock star status.old Ref were before he became PM .Now it has changed.He was denied US visa Once banned from the U.S., India’s Modi set for historic address to Congress as per Wahsington Post HE NO LONGER REMAIN CONTROVERISAL ONLY WAS CONTROVERISAL BEFORE HE BECAME PM
BBC Pariah to friend: Narendra Modi and the US come full circle Telegraph From pariah to 'rock star' world leader: Narendra Modi prepares to visit Britain Washington Post Once banned from the U.S., India’s Modi set for historic address to Congress Guardian Narendra Modi: from international pariah to the G20's political rock starChantrises (talk) 13:51, 13 November 2017 (UTC)
* um. From your linked articles. But controversy will attend his every move in Australia, Mr Modi’s British visit will not be without controversy. Not to mention this linked article from the washington post one: U.S. senators attack India’s human rights record before Modi’s Capitol Hill address. Controversial still, me thinks. --regentspark (comment) 16:41, 13 November 2017 (UTC)
* I do think that while Chantrises may not be totally accepted, his edits can be modified to consider a compromised version. Capitals00 (talk) 16:44, 13 November 2017 (UTC)
* I have modified the statement earlier links relate to before he became the prime minister. Modi is seen as a figure of controversy over his Hindu nationalist beliefs and his role during the 2002 Gujarat riots as per NPOV hopefully this should be fine .Every World leader faces protesters over human rights that does not make him controversial.the term internally is clearly disputed now it was earlier true.Chantrises (talk) 15:14, 14 November 2017 (UTC)
* Folks seeking to modify these statements would do well to read up on past discussions in the talk page archives, and also to read the dictionary definition of "controversial". Oh, and read the source material, too. The scholarly material in particular. Vanamonde (talk) 06:16, 16 November 2017 (UTC)
My edits
Not very surprised to see the team work here, I just made one more edit about the APCO. The article stated that Modi used APCO in 2002 election which is wrong. Event the source doesn't say that. Removed the fiction, hope the person who would revert will have some courtesy to reply here. I am sure there are more such misinterpretation of the facts and source here. -sarvajna (talk) 12:17, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
* Have removed an invalid ref -sarvajna (talk) 14:17, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
* Have made a small edit here, just trying to clarify had Modi has been kept saying. Either the apology thing should not be here or should be stated in whole and not make it biased. -sarvajna (talk) 14:36, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
* Chronology issue, I am not sure what does the section "second term" consists, technically his second term was from 2002-2007 and third from 2007 to 12. At the end of the section it says that BJP won 122 seats in the assembly election which is also wrong as the reference talks about the by-polls where BJP increased the tally from 117 to 122. So it should say BJP won 117 in the assembly elections. -15:00, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
* The section Defence policy says The Modi government issued a notification allowing Hindu, Sikh, and Buddhist illegal immigrants from Pakistan and Bangladesh to legalise their residency in India there is no notification but a proposal to make the amendments to a law which has not been passed but waiting for JPC confirmation. I do not have access to the source but if the source says that there is a notification/law then I feel the source is wrong and should not be used. -sarvajna (talk) 15:32, 26 November 2017 (UTC)
Emblem of India in side bar.
The use of Emblem of India should not be at the bottom of the Template talk:Narendra Modi sidebar, but it should be on the top.-- . Shlok talk. 18:25, 29 December 2017 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 2 January 2018
narendra modi is indias 15 prime minister but its written 14 its wrong as on wikipedia another place its written 15nth prime minister of india narendra modi
* Comment: this is weird as List of Prime Ministers of India seems to say he is 16th. Not sure what is going on but it looks like we need some clarification somewhere. - Sitush (talk) 14:47, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
* Agree it needs clarifying - Modi is the 14th person to become Prime Minister, but, as Indira Gandhi and Atal Bihari Vajpayee were both PM twice, his is the 16th Prime Ministerial term of office. Not sure how that can be worded succinctly - suggestions welcome - Arjayay (talk) 15:01, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
* I think we should go by the ordering in the List of Prime Ministers of India. Which would make him the 16th. That's also the way Presidents of the US are listed (not that we should necessarily follow WP:OTHERSTUFF!). --regentspark (comment) 16:06, 2 January 2018 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Spintendo ᔦᔭ 14:35, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
* ✅ Relabelled him as 16th PM, as per the above discussion, and since the 16th in the first line links to the List of Prime Ministers of India which shows him in that position. Returning to the original request, the only 15th I can see is "15th most powerful person in the world 2014" which we will not change. - Arjayay (talk) 15:11, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks. Capitals00 (talk) 16:11, 3 January 2018 (UTC)
Hi, Narendra Modi should be marked as 14th Prime Minister of India and not the 16th Prime minister. Manmohan Singh's Page says 13th Prime Minister of India and I.K. Gujral as 12th Prime Minister of India. In between I.K. Gujral and Manmohan Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee was Prime minister but his page still says 10th Prime Minister of India as Mr. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for the first time after P.V Narsimha Rao. As for justification given above for President of the United States is not relevant here as all the Presidents of the United States have served in continuous terms. In case of Prime minister of India this is not the case. List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom does not mention any number for the Prime Ministers. My opinion is to change this as 14th Prime Minister of India. Pratty (talk) 23:58, 12 January 2018 (UTC)
Adding Citations supporting Narendra Modi as 14th Prime Minister of India - Pratty (talk) 00:10, 13 January 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 January 2018
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:31, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Ivec os (t) 16:14, 19 January 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 20 January 2018
This article is not doing justice, it is written as a critic not as a fair article. The person who written may be belong to the opposition or may be by the person who dont like BJP. Raj2480 (talk) 18:10, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
* The edit request template is for suggesting specific changes to the article, in the format of "change X to Y". It isn't necessary to use the edit request template to make a general comment about the article. Regarding that, please indicate which specific information you feel is unfair or biased. Please note that articles on Wikipedia contain information found in independent reliable sources. If that information is not being written accurately, please indicate which changes you want. However, you can't turn the article around and make it friendly to Mr. Modi. 331dot (talk) 18:14, 20 January 2018 (UTC)
WP:Weight
Why is 2002 riots covered twice in lede. How is that more important than anything and everything else in this article? Also worth noting is the absolute silence on foreign policy of Narendra Modi in lede. Capankajsmilyo (talk) 04:22, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
* The third lede paragraph is about his chief ministership; the fourth covers, among other things, his image and legacy. The riots are associated with both these items. Vanamonde (talk) 04:41, 18 March 2018 (UTC)
Mahurkar source
I'm seriously concerned about giving this source any weight. The author's views on Modi's policies is not in itself a reason for concern. But, the tone of the forward is essentially hagiographic, suggesting that the book is much the same. Vanamonde (talk) 13:41, 25 March 2018 (UTC)
* Yes, it does not look great. - Sitush (talk) 12:41, 26 March 2018 (UTC)
* It is not clear which source and what content/context we are talking about here. --G (talk) 07:24, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
* The source in question is this one. Vanamonde (talk) 11:46, 7 April 2018 (UTC)
* Why is it there when it is not used in the article, it is confusing. It is recent work, is that the reason for including it? --G (talk) 11:04, 9 April 2018 (UTC)
* It was cited at the time by a Modi fanatic who in my opinion should be topic banned. - Sitush (talk) 14:58, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* who in my opinion should be topic banned ---right. I have no doubts how supportive that comment was of POV, censorship and ignorance. I guess you should apply for adminship. You qualify for that cent percent. User:Capankajsmilyo(Talk 15:34, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* You have displayed a long-term inability to source well regarding anything to do with Modi, and you have pursued a clearly political agenda regarding him for a long time. In fact, I think you're probably due a topic ban from Indian politics, period. I may well pursue this over the weekend. Will let you know. - Sitush (talk) 15:41, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* That particular addition was probably not needed, there are so many articles around Modi, not everything needs mention. Nevertheless the source for it was made a non-contentious claim. It is no good judging a book by its cover, we are less burdened by not doing so. --G (talk) 09:56, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
Intent of 'a' court
This is in context of this revert: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narendra_Modi&type=revision&diff=837226151&oldid=837174003
I believe it should be court, was there any other court that superseded and pronounced a different verdict? The 'a' there hints like there were other courts with different verdict. --G (talk) 04:21, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* It absolutely does not suggest that. We say "a court" rather than "court" because, as with most democracies, India has multiple courts that are not required to agree with each other. There is no monolithic "court". Vanamonde (talk) 13:13, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* ^^ What Vanamonde said ^^. - Sitush (talk) 14:56, 20 April 2018 (UTC)
* Are you talking about high court, supreme court and such thing? I guess every country will have it. Courts don't have to disagree with each other. When there is an appeal to a higher court, it may give a revised verdict, but at any given point of time there will be only one verdict of the judiciary, not multiple. And they do not make comments in passing. 'court' usually signify the judiciary system, rather than a particular court, in which case we also have the option of telling Goa High Court if we want to be specific. We can mention the court if we want to do that but the intent here looks like the judiciary rather than court of place a or place b, if there were contradictory verdict by higher court that actually needs mention. --G (talk) 02:43, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* I agree with G's analysis above. The local court or courts are a part of the judicial system and represent the Indian judiciary as a whole. Also, the current version is a misrepresentation of the sources: it is the Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team (SIT) that found no evidence to indict Narendra Modi or the Modi administration, which would form the basis for the prosecution proceedings, and not the court itself. The court simply stated that the SIT had found no evidence to indict Narendra Modi or senior officials in his administration. — Nearly Headless Nick {c} 05:39, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* Not sure what you people are arguing about but, looking at the diff above, one never says "although court found". It should always be either "a court found" or "several courts found". At least in the English language. Additionally, shouldn't it read "although a court found that there was insufficient evidence"? Judgements are rarely a categorical no. --regentspark (comment) 12:27, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* Examples at oxford or webster use "court" rather than "a court". I think it is acceptable usage. In given context 'court' represents judiciary (the court). On google, "the court found no evidence" phrase has 256000 hits and "a court found no evidence" has 4 results of which this article is one. We can also go by the suggestion of . G (talk) 12:57, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* You're misreading the examples. Every reference is preceded either by a "the", or "a", or the preposition "to". One can say "Although Tom found ..." but cannot write "Although person found". You need an article before "court" in this context. --regentspark (comment) 14:21, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* I would be fine with mentioning either the specific court or the SIT (both details were omitted when I rewrote the lead, to keep it brief). I am not okay with just "court". It reads wrong, period. Vanamonde (talk) 14:00, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* I am also okay with Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team (SIT) like suggests. G (talk) 17:39, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 14 May 2018
He left home after graduating from school Please replace school with college Anshulkush (talk) 19:49, 14 May 2018 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 20:19, 14 May 2018 (UTC)
Recent updates to healthcare section
I had made small update to this section, one example, It was reverted in these two edits: Because previous years are reported, this half a sentence only brings the article up-to-date. The lancet article has mistakes and its budgetary data is contradicted in other sources. Similarly this edit was reverted here. Business Today had this report. And repeating same thing in consecutive sentence is not good writing. G (talk) 18:01, 21 April 2018 (UTC)
* Reliable sources say healthcare budget increased in 2016, 2017 , 2018 . Some lower quality sources report different percentage but none report decrease. The 2015 percentage reported by Lancet is unreliable and contradicted in other sources, given that the article had other mistakes too, it is a medical journal not very reliable for political or budget analysis. --G (talk) 07:16, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
* When media sources are contradicting each other, the solution is to find higher quality sources. The Lancet is a medical journal (and is often considered the premier medical journal); it is thus an excellent source for analysis of health policy. If we wish to remove that source and/or add contradictory information, we need other sources of equal weight. Similarly, for your "updated" numbers, adding random media sources will not work. You need to demonstrate that there is consistent support for a certain figure when you add it. Vanamonde (talk) 14:22, 25 April 2018 (UTC)
* You may be editing in a hurry. The source for 15% decrease actually stated that it increased marginally. Lancet is not more reliable than Business Today or Economic Times for Budget. Lancet can have mistake like I demonstrated about the political commentary on Harsha Vardhan. --G (talk) 16:11, 25 April 2018 (UTC)
* Let me retry the few things I am feeling needs change: 25% is in Lancet (written as 'almost quarter'), it is 20% in Business Today which I think is reliable for budget. 15% decrease in Lancet is different in Economic Times (tells of increase) which, again, I think is more reliable for budget. I have less trust on Lancet for budget or political notes, evidently because it did make mistake in reporting a fairly easily verifiable statement. The summary about 2016 is similar to the third sentence, almost exactly same repeated. I think it is plausibly acceptable to not mention number, it is not a strict necessity. There were other research paper that analyzed health care differently from Lancet but I didn't pursue them (they were less focused on politics than Lancet though), because this article is more BLP than Healthcare. --G (talk) 16:37, 25 April 2018 (UTC)
* BMJ concurs with Business Today on 20%, Lancet is demonstrably wrong here too. --G (talk) 16:53, 25 April 2018 (UTC)
* To be entirely honest, you're throwing some numbers around without describing what you are referring to. I can guess, but I'd rather not; so let me make some general points. "this article is more BLP than Healthcare" Yes, absolutely; and I'm not sure you, or several of the other folks here, understand this point. As a BLP, this should not be a blow-by-blow account of Modi's government; it should document substantive policy, as determined by reliable sources. The media is going to cover each and every action of the government on a daily basis. As such, media sources are terrible for determining due weight; we should instead focus on scholarly sources, and rely on media sources only for things which obviously deserve inclusion, but are absent from more reliable sources. For instance, in a growing economy, virtually every portion of the budget will be hiked every year. Therefore, that the health budget increased for three years means nothing. Similarly, every new government announces new initiatives and schemes. More often than not these are repackaged versions of previous programs. What is worthy of inclusion (Up to a point; we have too much policy detail anyway) is the substance of these changes. At the moment, the only substantive points are the following: a universal health insurance scheme, the sanitation program, slashing the health budget initially (highly unusual, that), and a shift in emphasis from public to private healthcare. All the points, of course, require a little more fleshing out than I've given them here. Virtually all else is trivia. Vanamonde (talk) 13:24, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
* I never questioned due weight, I am telling, with reliable reference, that the Lancet data is wrong, we should correct it. I pointed very specifically and you know what you have reverted me twice for, I gave links above, here it is a third time when I self-reverted. --G (talk) 03:13, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Sorry, that isn't going to fly. You've removed the Lancet source, and the sentence about a 15% reduction, several times. You have yet to correct it. Vanamonde (talk) 12:13, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Please review this edit, maybe this tells you exactly what I am saying. --G (talk) 12:47, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* References should be at the end of the sentence unless there's a specific reason to place them elsewhere, but otherwise, that's fine. Vanamonde (talk) 13:41, 27 April 2018 (UTC)
* Thanks for reviewing. I think I was able to convey my point clearly by the edit. The second remark was about sourcing 15% to the Lancet article when 1. The Lancet article has been shown to have got two mistakes already. 2. Economic Times is a highly reliable source for budget, also contradicts it. Please understand I am not talking about weight here but I am saying that the data needs to be corrected. --G (talk) 06:04, 28 April 2018 (UTC)
* Totally forgot this. Hi Vanamonde93 can you look at my comment? --Gian (talk) 13:09, 19 May 2018 (UTC)
* Any thoughts? -- Gian ❯❯ Talk 06:40, 6 June 2018 (UTC)
* I do apologize. I am busy for the next 24-48 hours, but will take a look after that. Regards, Vanamonde (talk) 17:10, 6 June 2018 (UTC)
* Okay, I finally got around to looking at this. Taking a few steps back, it seems to me the best way to go forward is to drop the budget numbers altogether, and to drop mentions of any policies that we don't also provide analysis for. The Lancet source is still a heavyweight source; let's just use it for analysis. Newspapers, as I've said elsewhere, are really bad for this sort of thing because they write in-the-moment, without historical perspective, and so might be okay for factual details but are terrible for the big picture. Vanamonde (talk) 05:49, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
* I think this particular Lancet article is not so reliable. There are three factual mistakes already. It is by a non-specialist journalist on contract in a tone that reeks of political commentary. Even if other sources are reporting in-the-moment they got their facts right. I would not overlook the mistakes selectively and still use this source. -- Gian ❯❯ Talk 06:14, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
* The Lancet is going to trump newspapers every time. It also far more likely to issue corrections in the event that it does get something wrong. But, as was said near the top of this thread, this article is supposed to be about the man, not his government's policies. Please note that Modi is not a dictator and any policies will be the outcome of internal discussions etc rather than all springing from his own mind. I think we're losing sight of this. - Sitush (talk) 06:19, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
* From where are you getting "non-specialist journalist"? The Lancet has stringent editorial oversight, after all; it doesn't publish any old thing. And I'm still not seeing blatant errors; the decrease in the budget does not seem to have a consensus figure elsewhere. Vanamonde (talk) 06:23, 11 June 2018 (UTC) (Added post-ec) I agree that we may be getting bogged down in details. I rewrote this in 2016, when the Modi government was relatively new and a lot of the sources were focusing on policy details. Two years down the line we can probably prune this a good bit, and add some bigger-picture material. Vanamonde (talk) 06:23, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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* Narendra Damodardas Modi (cropped).jpg
Add another category to this article
Narendra Modi was Pracharak of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. Hence, the category "Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh pracharaks" should be added.
Nealhooper (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 18:22, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
, That category is already added in the article, see the bottom category section on the article main page.. Also see he is listed in --Adamstraw99 (talk) 18:56, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
Thanks
Extended-Confirmed Protection Request
I would like to put forward my request of granting this article extended protection, as this is about Sri Narendra Modi, the Indian Prime Minister and the head-of-government of the world's fastest growing economy. Plus, the article is also a good article. Other articles about other leaders of republics, such as P.O.T.U.S. Donald Trump, already have extended protection. Regards, AnotherHomoSapein (talk) 16:04, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
* Hi. We don't grant protection based on the nature of the article but rather on the nature of the editing that goes on in the article. I don't see any serious vandalism or blp issues with this article (presumably that's why D.T.s article is protected) that makes extended confirmed protection necessary. --regentspark (comment) 16:30, 26 September 2018 (UTC)
"Good article" classification
Not sure why this article has been rated a "good article."
It is filled with grammatical errors, unverified and biased information, and a lack of adequate citations.
Tejas Subramaniam (talk) 13:29, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
* Hi. Feel free to clean up the grammatical errors. If you think the information is biased, you should point to specific pieces that are, in your opinion, biased. Other editors can then try to address the problem. FYI, WP:Good article criteria. --regentspark (comment) 13:33, 16 October 2018 (UTC)
Hindu nationalist
. The source describes Modi, not the RSS, as a Hindu nationalist. But your edit summaries (both of them) imply that the source is describing the RSS as a hindu nationalist organization and we're making the leap to Modi being one. If you want to remove "Hindu nationalist" because you think it is unnecessary, then you should address that directly with your reasons. Perhaps here? Misleading edit summaries are never a good idea.--regentspark (comment) 13:54, 25 October 2018 (UTC)
* Quite aside from the misleading edit-summary; "Hindu nationalist" is likely the most common descriptor applied to Modi's ideology in reliable sources (and I've read a fair few of those). There's absolutely no basis to remove it. Vanamonde (talk) 23:31, 25 October 2018 (UTC)
RTI Reports
As per RTI there is no official record of Narendra Modi being a tea seller nor graduated from Delhi university Please update the same accordingly. Akhiljaxxn (talk) 14:41, 27 November 2018 (UTC)
* That's a bit of an overstatement, . The news stories say the government has no record of Modi being a tea-seller. So what? We have reliable sources saying he was a tea-seller, and no one has really contested the substance of this. Vanamonde (talk) 16:12, 27 November 2018 (UTC)
Adding some information from Forbes
I want to add the information from Forbes, i.e. Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People and Modi is in #9 position. --RamgarhDaily (talk) 04:46, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
* This information is already in the article. If there is additional information that needs to be added, please make a new request with specific details. ‑‑ El Hef ( Meep? ) 17:43, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 8 January 2019
until 2001, rising to the rank of General Secretary. after a lot of hard work. School Wiki Group Leader (talk) 18:19, 8 January 2019 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: WP:PEACOCK. — KuyaBriBri Talk 03:40, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
Mother/no bribes/sin/impact on Modi
This content is inappropriate for a number of reasons. It's completely ungrammatical, it is saying in Wikipedia's voice something which at best can be attributed to Modi, and by its nature it's basically a sound byte, which we decided to remove from this article quite a while back; the discussion is in the talk page archives. Vanamonde (Talk) 23:24, 4 February 2019 (UTC)
* You can correct the grammar yourself. -- Abhijeet Safai (talk) 14:34, 5 February 2019 (UTC)
* You are obligated to reach consensus here, per WP:BRD. You haven't answered my other objections, which are more serious. You need to self-revert and discuss the content here. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:18, 5 February 2019 (UTC)
* No, the info is not encyclopedic in nature and annot be verified by third party sources. Additionally, I have reservations against using Times Now since I feel that it's reportage is a bit right winged biased << FR (mobileUndo) 05:23, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
* Lets consider that the reverts are in good faith! I am happy that at least some discussion has started here. I request other editors to kindly opine. Thanks in advance. -- Abhijeet Safai (talk) 14:22, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
* I have reverted you again. The grammar is the least of the issues there, as Vanamonde notes above. And, frankly, it sounds like legend-building, similar to the story of Washington and the tree. - Sitush (talk) 14:49, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
* I have reverted your revert. -- Abhijeet Safai (talk) 15:45, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
* I am trying to add following information which is well referenced but it is being removed.
Modi's mother, Heeraben told him never to accept the bribe and commit this sin. This had great impact on Modi.
Abhijeet Safai, three experienced editors gave their opinion regarding this above, including me. For what it is worth, I I will add that just because something is published is not a reason to include it. We have to be wary of how we deal with extraordinary claims. - Sitush (talk) 08:17, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
* I have no issues if one thinks that it is extraordinary claim! I am a researcher and I know that extraordinary claim requires extraordinary evidence. But I am just interested to know how we define extraordinary claim here. Kindly do share about it as you would get time. Thanks. -- Abhijeet Safai (talk) 05:47, 14 February 2019 (UTC)
Infobox
Under the PM's name in the info box, it lists two persons under 'President' heading. There is only one President, the first name on the list is the former President, left office in 2017.
* - Modi came to office in 2014 when Pranab Mukherjee was president, and is still in office under Ram Nath Kovind, so he has served under 2 presidents, and the infobox is correct - Arjayay (talk) 09:12, 18 February 2019 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 26 February 2019
I am going to change entire passage Modidon (talk) 12:05, 26 February 2019 (UTC) search
Please request your change in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to, or changed in, any article. - Arjayay (talk) 12:15, 26 February 2019 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a specific change.
Trimming and revising the Prime Minister section
This section was written a couple of years ago. Since then, a few of the Modi government's activities, such as the GST and the demonetization, have received considerably more attention in reliable sources, while others, such as the Smart Cities initiative, made a splash when announced, but are barely mentioned in recent sources. The section is also too long (and I take some responsibility for that, although there has been a persistent tendency to add WP:CRUFT to this page). Over the next few weeks, I intend to both trim this to address issues of recentism, and to update some of the material. If anyone has any issues with my changes, I am happy to discuss them here. Vanamonde (Talk) 23:41, 6 February 2019 (UTC)
* There's a full paragraph on what all was reduced in a single budget. However, as per WP:COMMONSENSE, that reduction must have been accompanied with transfer of allocation to other areas which find no mention. Further what about other budgets, why's only 1 budget important and not others? There are 3 lines on opposition from certain unions and no line on support from international organisations. Also, there's no mention of ease of doing business ranking and fiscal deficit. Does this qualify neutral representation norms? Capankajsmilyo(Talk 00:39, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
* Also please consider if mention of changing budget presentation date and merger of railway budget qualify your standards of notability as they were major changes to budget procedure. Capankajsmilyo(Talk 00:43, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
* I haven't finished with the section. I reworked the material about GDP growth to encompass all the years we have data for, and I intend to do the same for the specific budgetary allocations. The Labour law is too minor to describe every specific reaction. Even the labour union criticism wouldn't have received the press it did, had it not been from a BJP ally. Vanamonde (Talk) 03:39, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
* Capankajsmilyo, I've not been following the in's and out's but why does a reduction in a budget imply a reallocation? I don't see why governments can't just decide not to spend. In fact, many worldwide have done just that at various times. I don't want to drag this out but I'm not seeing why it is common sense. Perhaps that is because I lack it? - Sitush (talk) 08:12, 7 February 2019 (UTC)
Complete?
Its been almost 2 months. Is your intiative complete ? Capankajsmilyo(Talk 15:12, 24 March 2019 (UTC)
* I'm afraid not; RL intervened. I hope to work more on this in the coming weeks. Vanamonde (Talk) 17:11, 27 March 2019 (UTC)
Edit request for Extended-Confirmed protection
Please change the name of Modi's wife from Jashodaben to Jashodaben Narendrabhai Modi, her full name. It feels better. Thanks! Justlookingforthemoment (talk) 06:20, 6 April 2019 (UTC)
Electoral Performances and Positions Held
Someone removed the edits, it is important to have the information of prime minister's own electoral performances in the past. There is no vandalism and it just gives brief information quickly on a wikitable to see when and where he contested with the results. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lesenwriter (talk • contribs) 14:44, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
* Such information would perhaps be useful, but only if accompanied by additional detail (the numerical results of each election, for instance). The table you added was completely redundant; the elected positions Modi held are already listed in the infobox. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:52, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
Okay, thanks for the feedback. I will work on the numerical results (Votes he got and the margin details). Is that okay ?--Lesenwriter (talk) 17:09, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
* That would certainly be better; I'm not 100% convinced it's necessary, because many of the margins of victory are already in the article. If we could move them into a compact table, though, it wouldn't be the worst thing. Vanamonde (Talk) 17:30, 10 April 2019 (UTC)
The Honorable
Why The Honorable cannot be used as prefix since 2016? Prime Minister of India clearly states the formal style is The Honorable. All the prime ministers before have been named with it! Manthara (talk) 14:20, 15 April 2019 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 4 April 2019
Add UAE awards PM Narendra Modi with highest civilian honor for boosting ties in "Honors & Awards" section Source http://www.msn.com/en-in/news/newsindia/uae-awards-pm-narendra-modi-with-highest-civilian-honour-for-boosting-ties/ar-BBVBGh7?ocid=ientp Raj wip (talk) 10:27, 4 April 2019 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done MrClog (talk) 11:32, 30 April 2019 (UTC)
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* Bharatiya Janata Party (icon).svg
A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
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* Lotos flower symbol.svg
Modi and Amit Shah
Some people(including german) related modi and amit shah with modi and magni(son of thor). Egyptian Kratos (talk) 07:20, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
* Some relate them as Ram (Amit Shah) and Hanuman (Modi) <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:20, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
Confusing
I did not understand the sentence under 2002 Riots that says "Modi has not offered an apology for the riots and has stated that he should be rather punished and not forgiven if he is guilty."
Either it needs more context or rewriting because it doesn't read well or make sense without more information or context.
* I agree. I've removed it for the time being. --regentspark (comment) 13:48, 23 May 2019 (UTC)
A section on stupidities
A section should be added on the stupidities said by Narendra Modi.
* 1) The cloud-radar remark.
* 2) Remark that he used e-mails and digital cameras in late eighties, when an average Indian was still unaware of something called water closet existed.
* 3) Remark that gravitational waves would be renamed "Narendra Modi waves"
And a lot more he said on history. The section could even be created as a separate article as it would be very long to mention everything. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:43, 21 May 2019 (UTC)
* 1) The cloud-radar remark.- Military radars use high frequency for accurate pinpointing of the target. Higher the frequency, higher the chance it is susceptible to attenuation by humidity and rainfall.
* 2) Remark that gravitational waves would be renamed "Narendra Modi waves"- reference provided is wrong, the ref provided was: . Cite proper sources, I couldn't find any source claiming he said that. rationalwikiuser 18:17, 30 May 2019 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rationalrogu (talk • contribs)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 31 May 2019
The predecessor is mentioned as incumbent however the predecessor is Dr. Manmohan Singh who held the post before Narendra Modi was sworn in on 26 May 2014. TropicOfCancer06 (talk) 10:31, 31 May 2019 (UTC)
* Yes check.svg Done MrClog (talk) 12:45, 31 May 2019 (UTC)
Please edit that PM Modi has now held the office as the 15th PM since 30th May 2019. Shiv2004 — Preceding unsigned comment added by Shiv2004 (talk • contribs) 10:16, 1 June 2019 (UTC)
Multiple problems with the wording and sources
* 1) Born to a Gujarati family in Vadnagar, Modi helped his father sell tea as a child, and has said he later ran his own stall. - No source provided here, there is proper source in the later section. Should be cited here as well. Also could be changed to later ran a tea stall with his brother.
* 2) Modi left home after finishing high-school in part due to an arranged marriage to Jashodaben Chimanlal, which he abandoned, and publicly acknowledged only many decades later- source not provided here, there is a proper source mentioned later, should be cited here as well.
* 3) and weakened or abolished environmental and labour laws. should be changed to criticised to have weakened environmental laws at behest of his office. - source : ; The claim that he has weakened or abolished labour laws was made by his opponent with no reference or source provided hence can't be used.
* Please read WP:CITEKILL, WP:YESPOV, and WP:DUE, which will help you understand why those changes are unnecessary and not appropriate. Also, please sign any posts you make on a talk page. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:55, 1 June 2019 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 8 June 2019
Update his profile from being 14th PM of India to 15th as he has been reelected to office. User8573 (talk) 17:49, 8 June 2019 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. MrClog (talk) 18:15, 8 June 2019 (UTC)
Citation for His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty, and education indices in the state
was looking at the citations for the statement.His administration has been criticised for failing to significantly improve health, poverty, and education indices in the state.[c] and the sources I believe there are some better sources for this like this. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/edit-page/Gujarat-Myth-and-reality/articleshow/14032015.cms @RkoC — Preceding unsigned comment added by RkoC (talk • contribs) 14:46, 4 January 2019 (UTC)
* We generally prefer scholarly sources to news sources, when the former are available; see WP:RS. Vanamonde (Talk) 04:56, 21 July 2019 (UTC)
Owner Of Ship Seized By Iran Writes To PM Modi To Intervene, Save Crew
All India Indo-Asian News Service The British-flagged oil tanker Stena Impero was seized by Iran while passing through the Hormuz Strait. It was done in retaliation, after Iran's own tanker Grace 1 was detained by Britain in the Strait of Gibraltar. British-flagged oil tanker Stena Impero was seized by Iran while passing through the Hormuz Strait
New Delhi: The owner of British-flagged oil tanker Stena Impero, which was seized by Iran on July 19 with 23 crew, including 18 Indians on board, has appealed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to personally intervene to seek the release of the vessel. In a letter to the prime minister, Stena Bulk's chief executive and president Erik Hanell, said since the ship was seized by the Iranian Revolutionary Guards while passing through the Hormuz Strait, the crew members, - 18 Indian, three Russian, one Filipino and one Latvian - have been detained on the vessel at anchor off Bandar Abbas.
Mr Hanell said while the seafarers are proud professionals, "they are becoming increasingly concerned about their fate and their families, increasingly worried about the continued detention of their loved ones, particularly as they are guilty of no crime".
He said that Stena Impero and the crew acted in a professional manner and broke no rules or regulations whether local or international. "Despite our repeated requests for access to the vessel, so far this has not been permitted for evidence gathering."
He added that the ship has no involvement in geo-political matters, nor wishes to have any.
He thanked the prime minister for the visit by Indian Embassy officials in Tehran to the vessel in Bandra Abbas to meet the crew.
"However, before the situation with those on board and with their families becomes more distressing, I would request you to personally intervene and ask for the release of the crew back to their families, who anxiously await their safe return."
Advertisement Earlier, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said the Indian embassy in Tehran is in "constant contact" with the Iranian authorities for the release and repatriation of the 18 Indian crew members on board Stena Impero.
The ship was seized by Iran in retaliation after its own tanker Grace 1 was detained by Britain in the Strait of Gibraltar. Osama Razi (talk) 06:12, 11 August 2019 (UTC)
* So what? We're not a news website and, if anything, this would be about Iran-India relations, not Modi. I am tempted to revert or collapse this and would have no objection if someone does. - Sitush (talk) 06:15, 11 August 2019 (UTC)
Kindly add a section on rise of antiscience and pseudoscience
Kindly add a section on rise of antiscience and pseudoscience in the dynasty of this ruller and its party. 2405:204:4313:D858:B1C4:B00D:32F2:5146 (talk) 16:54, 24 August 2019 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 20 August 2019
A minor change, I'm requesting for File:Narendra Modi being conferred on the Highest Civilian Honour of Afghanistan (Amir Amanullah Khan Award) by the President of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Mr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, in Herat, Afghanistan.jpg image to be put on the right align side in the Awards and recognition section. --ChandC (talk) 12:46, 20 August 2019 (UTC) ChandC (talk) 12:46, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. The photo is just two people shaking hands. It may not be illustrative enough for an Awards section. Please discuss to obtain consensus first. – Jonesey95 (talk) 15:47, 14 September 2019 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 17 September 2019
Please change Ganchi(X) to Gandhi(Y) in Personal Life section. In accordance with Ghanchi tradition,... Mohitm15 (talk) 00:59, 17 September 2019 (UTC)
* ❌. Please provide reliable sources for your claim. -- Kautilya3 (talk) 16:32, 18 September 2019 (UTC)
Please add a criticism section including decline in education
Particularly higher education is highly polarised; the state run universities are "bloodless". There is incredible cut in research seats and research funding. 2405:204:4313:D858:B1C4:B00D:32F2:5146 (talk) 16:36, 24 August 2019 (UTC)
Agree too. A crticism section must be added. Edward Zigma (talk) 09:07, 19 November 2019 (UTC)
* While any article should not exclude relevant, well-sourced (especially important in WP:BLP:s) criticism in WP:PROPORTION, separate criticism sections are often a bad idea, they tend to become shit-magnets. Relevant critiicsm should be included in the appropriate section or sub-article, for example criticism of his foreign policy goes in that section or, if that is to much detail for this article, Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government. Gråbergs Gråa Sång (talk) 11:41, 19 November 2019 (UTC)
Bad english usage -- please correct
Please change:
He was the third of six children born to Damodardas Mulchand Modi (c. 1915–1989) and Hiraben Modi (born c. 1920).
to
He is the third of..... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:26, 23 December 2019 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 1 January 2020
Rachyrachy828 (talk) 13:23, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
I edit some valuable thing about their great personality Rachyrachy828 (talk) 13:24, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. -- LuK3 (Talk) 13:25, 1 January 2020 (UTC)
Updates required
The elections section mentions three paras about elections 2014 and nothing about 2019. Also recent development in Kashmir and the two strikes need proper mention. Capankajsmilyo(Talk 01:11, 16 August 2019 (UTC)
* The reason for that is simple; there is substantive scholarly analysis of the 2014 elections in a way that there still isn't for the 2019 elections. The bare bones are there. If you find substantive sources that are not plagued by RECENTISM or POV issues, go ahead and add them. Vanamonde (Talk) 03:36, 16 August 2019 (UTC)
There needs to be a little atleast about 201 elections. The page is incomplete in this regard Jamailfaroukh (talk) 07:55, 5 January 2020 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 7 January 2020
Hi, can someone remove "nationality" and "citizenship" parameter from the Infobox of the article as the person was born and brought-up in India moreover he hasn't taken any other country's citizenship. It sounds bit chauvinistic or jingoistic by putting those parameters. You can check Boris Johnson, Donald Trump or Angela Merkel none of the articles have these parameters in the infobox. Another point there are too many awards mentioned in the Infobox, some of them are as quite irrelevant or unimportant. Notable awards such as Nobel Prize / Bharat Ratna can be mentioned while the rest can be scraped.--Isak.lund (talk) 08:41, 7 January 2020 (UTC)
* : did not remove the infobox parameters (per your user talk, not restating here), but did streamline by anchoring it to the same section in article body. -- Nemoschool ( talk to me ) 14:54, 7 January 2020 (UTC)
* Why have you kept "citizenship" parameter when he is born and brought-up in India moreover he hasn't taken any other country's citizenship. "Nationality" parameter too should be removed. It is utter foolish to keep these two parameters especially when he is head of a state. Check other high profile WP:BLP articles eg. Vladimir Putin, Emmanuel Macron or Shinzō Abe or Xi Jinping. please help us.Thanks--Isak.lund (talk) 05:13, 8 January 2020 (UTC)
False claims made should be another Wiki article or a section of this article? Trump's false claims are collected in a separate Wiki page.
Request to change picture
The US flag is really distracting and should not be the first thing to see behind the Prime Minister of India. It's a good pic though.-Abhinavsiddharth321 (talk) 17:35, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
* Good point. Are there other candidate pictures? --regentspark (comment) 17:44, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
* ✅-- Padavalam Kuttan Pilla Talk 17:58, 13 February 2020 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 18 February 2020
Hey there, can someone please update the article's "Health and sanitation" or "Hindutva" section with Modi's views on ancient Indian reproductive genetics and plastic surgery? Thanks.
Sources: , ,
3hunna (talk) 19:49, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. The key word here is "specific". Giving us sources is great but we can't read your mind and determine exactly what in those sources is supposed to be added. I hope this helps. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 21:58, 18 February 2020 (UTC)
Request for concerned lead section
The latter part of lead section have tried hard to put the man in question in negative light as much as possible without highlights the actual achievements. Mere opinions doesn't kill democracy. Lead section doesn't looks like NPOV by any means.
What he has done by bringing electricity to almost all of the villages plus connect masses with banks and transparency in credit system should be there. I will provide sources very soon. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:45, 15 March 2020 (UTC)
Wrong terminology
Could be changed to ? The source referenced uses the term ‘world leader’ and Modi is a head of government, not head of state anyways. Friendly neighbourhood platypus (talk) 05:28, 19 March 2020 (UTC)
* ✅. P.I. Ellsworth ed. put'r there 14:24, 19 March 2020 (UTC)
Date of photograph
The caption under Modi's picture says "Modi in 2019", when the picture was taken in 2018 — Preceding unsigned comment added by ThePickeringtonian (talk • contribs) 18:34, 28 February 2020 (UTC)
* ✅ Sanyam.wikime (talk) 04:07, 11 April 2020 (UTC)
Student
Hello sir U v thakur 00 (talk) 06:30, 20 April 2020 (UTC)
Birthdate Descrepancy
The Birthdate written here is Controversial, and cant said accurate and is https://m.telegraphindia.com/india/pm-caught-in-birth-date-row/cid/1515911 Saifullah.vguj (talk) 16:45, 26 April 2020 (UTC)
Removing of word
The word controversial politician should be removed. Arjunuws (talk) 12:33, 28 February 2020 (UTC)
User:Arjunuws, I totally agree! This propaganda piece is a sack of junk. --Akb20 (talk) 18:11, 3 May 2020 (UTC)Akb20
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 28 May 2020
I think the honorific prefix of His Excellency should be added above Modi's name. Josharaujo1115 (talk) 15:49, 28 May 2020 (UTC)
* The convention on Wikipedia is not to do that. --regentspark (comment) 15:55, 28 May 2020 (UTC)
* You can see the Manual of Style for more information. Eggishorn (talk) (contrib) 19:08, 28 May 2020 (UTC)
India-China border dispute
It might be a good idea to mention the ongoing border dispute in Ladakh between India and China, as well as the infrastructure buildup pursued by Modi on India's side of the border. --1990'sguy (talk) 20:52, 28 May 2020 (UTC)
* Should be listed as another failure from Narendra Modi. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:50, 30 May 2020 (UTC)
Timeline
The timeline is, in my opinion, entirely redundant to the lead, and does not belong in the article. No consensus for its use has been established here, so pinging other major authors of this page for their views. your views would be appreciated. Vanamonde (Talk) 03:34, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
* I agree that a timeline should not be in the article. Not only because it is redundant but also because we would need reliable sourcing for the inclusion of each event in the timeline. A source that not only says an event was important but that it was also a defining moment. Otherwise, the timeline is just another example of WP:OR. --regentspark (comment) 13:50, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
* I have also sent the template to TfD. These are somewhat separate discussions (does this article need a timeline, vs should such a timeline exist) but it's probably worth mentioning here. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:32, 3 June 2020 (UTC)
* Late to this party but I agree: not needed, not useful, not even compliant. - Sitush (talk) 17:10, 4 June 2020 (UTC)
Agreed. Mohit Singh (talk) 23:48, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
Merge Indian general election in Prime Minister
The Indian general election is totally correlated with his premiership and mostly includes about election results. Hence they should be merged. Manasbose (talk) 11:44, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
* Could you link to the article you refer to? --regentspark (comment) 13:48, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
* I'm referring to Narendra Modi be merged with Narendra Modi. Hope I cleared the confusion. Manasbose (talk) 05:38, 8 June 2020 (UTC)
* I disagree. There's a number of sources discussing the election, and Modi's strategy during it; and Modi was not prime minister during the election, Manmohan Singh was. That's how elections work. Vanamonde (Talk) 16:36, 8 June 2020 (UTC)
"Hindu nationalist beliefs" should be removed
Prime Minister Modi is not Hindu Nationalist. He includes all cultures and minorities of India. Who ever wrote this propaganda is definetely not neutral because he/she is pointing out flaws against the Prime Minister. He/she is extremely biased and he/she should write his/her opinions in some other forum. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Akb20 (talk • contribs) 07:09, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
* ❌. The content is reliably sourced. (By the way, your use of the Shift key on your keyboard requires serious attention.) -- Kautilya3 (talk) 16:18, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
Yeah, whatever. "ReLiAbLy SoUrCeD." Half the articles in this propaganda page are BIASED. The editors made sure to pick articles that are attacking Prime Minister Modi. A lot of these articles are coming from Pakistan and China: the 2 countries that dislike India the most. Make sure to put articles that are actually COMING from India. People who write this article have a lack of knowledge.
Do you mention that Modi is favourable by 80% of the Indian population and won a landslide in 2019? NO Do you mention that Modi includes all minorities? NO. Do you mention that Modi celebrates all holidays of all religions? NO. See, this just proves that the writers of this article have a negative attitude to the Prime Minister. You only like to point out the "bad stuff" of his administration.
I am considering reporting this stupid article for its bias and lack of knowledge. Please reply at your convenience :) -- Akb20 (talk) 20:25, 2 May 2020 (UTC) Akb20
* "Reporting" to whom, exactly? Remember that legal threats are not allowed on Wikipedia. M Imtiaz (talk · contribs) 22:08, 2 May 2020 (UTC)
User:M Imtiaz, what are you going to do about my request for this article? Do you not have a strong argument? --Akb20 (talk) 03:52, 3 May 2020 (UTC)Akb20 ❌ go right ahead in reporting this article for being "biased" -- despite coverage in reliable sources and you actually not pin-pointing what exactly needs to be changed and adequately explaining why. Also, feel free to report yourself for your incivility to other users (as demonstrated here and elsewhere) -- or don't, because either way, if you continue to behave this way: your time on Wikipedia as an editor will be short. You've mentioned that this article doesn't reflect on the "favourable" ratings of Modi; go have a read of → Narendra_Modi. Secondly, re his election win in 2019: that's discussed in the article multiple times, again, will just require you to read. Thirdly, re the minorities: you've not articulated how or why this needs to be addressed. So my sincere suggestion would be that you pin-point what needs to be changed/improved (so we can all fix the issue) — or that you stop wasting your time and everyone else's. Regards, —MelbourneStar ☆ talk 04:54, 3 May 2020 (UTC)
User:MelbourneStar, there are a few changes needed to improve this so-called "article." One, I suggest you put the approval ratings in the summary section. That way, new people who read the article will have a positive image of Modi and continue to read more (remember, most read the summary first). Two, his election win should also be included in the summary section.
Let me just say one thing before I sign off, you are. --Akb20 (talk) 18:02, 3 May 2020 (UTC)Akb20
* "new people who read the article will have a positive image of Modi" I'm sorry, but that most certainly is not what we do on Wikipedia. Please read our policy on always observing a neutral point of view. We're not here to promote the subject of the article -- you can do that on social media, a forum, or in some other capacity, just not on Wikipedia. I can't emphasise the latter point to you enough. The lead section of the article is supposed to summarise key points of the article; his opinion polling is clearly not a key point. His election winnings are already mentioned in paragraphs 4 and 5 of the article lead. I acknowledge you're currently on a block, but when you return please be civil — it's really unnecessary to attack other editors, especially when all they want to do is help. Kind regards, —MelbourneStar ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 05:53, 4 May 2020 (UTC)
* , these editors did not want to help! They are extremely biased! All I did was give my suggestions on an article. It's extremely sad to see that some Wikipedians don't like to accept feedback/criticism. You can block me, I don't care! I don't have time for stubborn Wikipedians.
Also, you DID NOT summarise the "key points" of the article. These people only make sure to mention the negatives of Prime Minister Modi's administration. If you do want to summarise the key points, make sure to be neutral and keep a balance of positives and negatives.
User: Kautilya3 said to me "By the way, your use of the Shift key on your keyboard requires serious attention." That's a personal attack. Why are you not blocking him? This just proves your bias and arrogance.
--Akb20 (talk) 05:19, 5 May 2020 (UTC)Akb20
* Kautilya3's comment was not a personal attack (I don't see how it could possibly be construed as one). The lead accurately summarises the key points of the article, you just don't like it. Your last comment contained a personal attack against me, so at this point I'm discontinuing this conversation with you. —<b style="color:#E22">Mel</b><b style="color:#F20">bourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 05:26, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
* For those interested, it turns out that Akb20 is a sock of a blocked "vandalism-only" account. Boing! said Zebedee (talk) 07:39, 5 May 2020 (UTC)
* , why are you bullying Akb20? He just wants to help improve the article. And yes, this article is somewhat biased. Not going to lie. PUNJABI CHIEF (talk) 23:12, 11 June 2020 (UTC)
* he's also an indefinitely blocked sockpuppet. With your first edit on Wikipedia being to conveniently defend him and his personal attacks, I'd be curious to know whether you both are the same person. Also, never confuse "bullying" with taking to task someone over their uncivil conduct. Thank you, —<b style="color:#E22">Mel</b><b style="color:#F20">bourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 12:39, 12 June 2020 (UTC)
* , are you kidding me? This is the first article I stumbled on. I decided to check this talk page because I had no idea how talk pages work. I never expected to see such harassment and disrespect to a person who wants to put in his suggestions. It's so sad that it's my first time here and I had to see garbage behaviour from you. PUNJABI CHIEF (talk) 16:07, 12 June 2020 (UTC)
* very sad indeed. Not only did I not "harass" or "disrespect" the person you speak of, but the person you speak of has been blocked for said harassment and abusing multiple accounts. If you can't substantiate your claims about my editing here, can't discuss the subject of the article (it's an article's talk page after all) — I'll open a discussion here about your behaviour. Your first edit was to make unfounded accusations against another editor, the least you could do is back them up. —<b style="color:#E22">Mel</b><b style="color:#F20">bourne</b><b style="color:#F73">Star</b> ☆ <sup style="color:#407">talk 03:37, 13 June 2020 (UTC)
Extended-confirmed-protected edit request on 30 June 2020
2409:4053:613:EE53:FDC0:BE5A:DACE:6128 (talk) 09:29, 30 June 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Megan Barris (Lets talk📧) 10:10, 30 June 2020 (UTC)
Changing 'caste' to 'jati'
In the 'Early life and education' section, I propose to update the line "Also in Narendra Modi's childhood, in a custom traditional to his caste, his family arranged a betrothal to a girl,..." to "Also in Narendra Modi's childhood, in a custom traditional to his jāti, his family arranged a betrothal to a girl,..."
Reason being the cited sources don't use the term 'caste' they use 'community'. Hence, 'jāti' is correct description, not 'caste' - which is a colonial Eurocentric terminology, perspective and understanding of Indian systems and traditions.
Also, since article clearly declares it is in Indian English. Therefore, there should be no objection about it not being a word in English. Dhawangupta (talk) 17:05, 7 June 2020 (UTC)
* ❌ ~ Amkgp 💬 18:34, 25 June 2020 (UTC)
* @ Amkgp, Please provide reason. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dhawangupta (talk • contribs) 22:18, 12 July 2020 (UTC)
Child Marriage
The article today reads and I quote: Modi left home after finishing high-school in part due to an arranged marriage to Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi, which he abandoned and publicly acknowledged only many decades later. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narendra_Modi&oldid=968122014
Per NDTV (https://archive.is/w9Yu3), the marriage is said to have consummated at age 17, which qualifies it as Child marriage. I am proposing to change the article to reflect that. I feel, given the nature of the claim, this change is subject to WP:NPOV and WP:DUE and so I want to check with editors here. My stance is, it is apt to mention child marriage in the article.
Thoughts? -Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 11:01, 17 July 2020 (UTC)
* , I am not able to found any statement in the ref that you provided that suggests that the marriage was consummated, which makes this claim baseless. Please complete the research next time before making such misleading claim.
* On the other hand, I found several reliable sources suggesting the opposite:
* https://www.indiatoday.in/india/west/story/narendra-modi-marriage-jashodaben-188381-2014-04-10
* https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140410/nation-current-affairs/article/narendra-modi-declares-himself-married-man
* https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/04/10/why-did-narendra-modi-keep-his-wife-secret-for-almost-50-years/
* https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-secret-wife-of-narendra-modi-and-what-she-tells-us-about-the-man-who-might-become-indias-next-pm-9254883.html Zoodino (talk) 14:46, 17 July 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks.
* > which makes this claim baseless.
* No it doesn't. The marriage wasn't consummated, okay, let us agree on that; but it is still qualifies as child marriage since Jashoda was barely 17? Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 14:51, 17 July 2020 (UTC)
* I guess there's no qualms about this. Making changes per WP:BOLD, to solicit more discussion if nothing else. Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 10:21, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* Do you have sources explicitly describing this as a child marriage? If not, using that term isn't appropriate. Arguing that it must be child marriage because Jashoda was 17 is original research. Vanamonde (Talk) 15:53, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks. I do not think attributable facts are original research. A marriage before 18 is generally agreed upon as Child marriage. That's literally the first line on the Wikipedia page on it, which goes Child marriage is a marriage or similar union, formal or informal, between an adult and a child under a certain age, typically age eighteen.
* As for sources: https://www.livemint.com/Politics/F9qalnEojrmMdMXcaxZH2H/Narendra-Modis-inlaws-laud-his-acceptance-of-marriage-afte.html
* "“Growing up in rural Gujarat, Narendra and Jashoda were engaged as children in a ceremony arranged by their parents,' according to Ashok Modi, one of Jashoda’s two brothers. They married a month before Jashoda’s 17th birthday in a traditional Hindu Vedic ceremony on 10 May 1968, he said, recalling the date from memory." Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 19:49, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* here's another one: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10758070/India-election-2014-Narendra-Modi-reveals-he-is-married.html
* "Narendra Modi's family confirms for the first time he has a wife and says the BJP leader was forced into a child marriage at 17 years old." Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 19:53, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* Actually, no, the term carries POV connotations, and cannot be used unless reliable sources explicitly apply it here. The Telegraph source is the only one that's acceptable, as far as I can see. You will need more, to address the concern that this is undue weight. Vanamonde (Talk) 20:45, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* I agree with Vanamonde. Though marriage with a minor is, by definition, child marriage, we should only say so if reliable sources also say so. If reliable sources predominantly say "arranged marriage", then so should we. --RegentsPark (comment) 21:18, 21 July 2020 (UTC)
* and Thanks. Here's why I don't agree:
* How can an attributable fact be classified as undue weight? I'd appreciate if you could elaborate with examples because the policy, WP:DUE doesn't explicitly say anything about this. The threshold for child marriage at age 18 isn't a minority viewpoint.
* Wrt majority sources putting it as "arranged marriage": This child marriage was arranged, but, presence of one thing isn't absence of another here, just that, one thing is more apt than another, especially given wikipedia aims to be neutral and not deal in weasel words like "teenage/arranged marriage". I must point out, almost all reliable sources mention the age and most mention underage marriage.
* Here's another source that mentions "Modi's unfortunate child marriage": https://books.google.co.in/books?id=fejOBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA24
* This is beyond undue weight in my honest opinion. And demonstrably multiple sources explicitly mention the term child marriage and multiple sources mention the "underage" bride and/or weasel word it "teenage marriage".
* That said, I get your concerns, only that, given the above, I'm not able to specifically agree why stating Modi's marriage as child marriage violates NPOV or DUE (even though I suspected it would: see my first post); if anything it emphasizes DUE and NPOV. Murtaza.aliakbar (talk) 04:32, 22 July 2020 (UTC)
* I'm not going to get into a lengthy debate involving examples; the fact is that "Modi had a child marriage" is a controversial assertion, and therefore requires sources to support it. That's how NPOV works. The publisher of your second source looks extremely suspect. I would object to the use of that source for absolutely anything in this article. Vanamonde (Talk) 06:17, 22 July 2020 (UTC)
* "the fact is that "Modi had a child marriage" is a controversial assertion" <- this is an assertion that's baseless. I've sourced telegraph that explicitly mentions 'child marriage'. Here are some more sources that took me literally 5 minutes to unearth:
* "For the uninitiated, Modi was forced to marry by his parents when he was a teenager, keeping with the old tradition of child marriage."
* "Later on, Modi's brother, Somabhai Modi released a statement saying that the arranged child marriage was forced by his family adding that Modi left the marriage after it was solemnized."
* And, straight from the horse's mouthpiece:
* "“He quit the family and left the house at an early age. His child-marriage with Jashodaben remained a mere formality,” wrote Somabhai (in his statement, which was circulated by the BJP)."
* "Brother clarifies: Modi was married as a child, walked away to serve country"
* "I'm not going to get into a lengthy debate involving examples" You're not getting in to a debate, but helping me understand your concerns through an informed discussion. I am requesting because I genuinely care and believe in the editorial spirit of Wikipedia.
"Indian trump" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Indian trump. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 July 30 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 00:49, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
"Trump of India" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Trump of India. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 July 30 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. Steel1943 (talk) 00:54, 30 July 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 6 August 2020
Remove the New Delhi Riot section <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:26, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 12:40, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
"Background" section for elections
Speculation about a politician becoming prime minister is hardly an uncommon thing. Unless it's referred to by reliable sources writing substantially after the fact, such speculation falls foul of NOTNEWS, and does not belong in the article. Vanamonde (Talk) 14:22, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
* I'd argue, even if there are RS writing about the past election runup now, why do we need that in this article? Who cares what, for instance, Raj Thackeray, had to say about Modiji then. Every politician and their grandmother had something to say about Modiji. Why include that non-sense? WP:BALASPS is very clear about this. Maybe has something to say. - hako9 (talk) 15:24, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
Hi. I believe giving a background is very much needed. In the CM section there is already a brief description how modi became CM choice of the party. But for PM it just starts with Modi was announced PM candidate. No background is given. He was definitely a notable politician in 2013. But that doesn't answers why many senior officials of the party were avoided and Modi was chosen? India does not have any internal party primaries. And Modi was also opposed by many (even long time alliances broke due to that). And about notability of endorsements, Raj Thackeray is a opposition leader of BJP, hence I believe his statement was significant. And one more thing, I also plan to add some opinion polls about Modi in that segment. Manasbose (talk) 15:52, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
* And if anyone finds some of the sentences not notable enough that's ok. But a background is very much needed. Manasbose (talk) 15:59, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
* The background you added does not conform to WP:DUE or WP:SYNTH. Modi has been a major political figure for nearly twenty years now. Business people and other politicians have been producing soundbytes about him for at least that long. They are generally undue weight in the article, because they are reported on when they are said and never mentioned afterwards. If you wish to write a background section for his electoral history, at the very least you need to base it on sources looking retrospectively. Vanamonde (Talk) 17:49, 11 August 2020 (UTC)
Please consider for inclusion
Can this image of Modi from the Ram Mandir bhoomi puja on 5 August 2020 be included? - File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi performing Bhoomi Pujan at ‘Shree Ram Janmabhoomi Mandir’, in Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh on August 05, 2020.jpg DTM (talk) 15:12, 5 August 2020 (UTC)
* Include in Hindutva sub section with a brief detail about the event. Manasbose (talk) 10:09, 12 August 2020 (UTC)
Image in Infobox
We should come to a consensus on what image should be used in the Infobox to avoid edit wars. Manasbose (talk) 09:01, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* I nominate File:Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on August 08, 2019 (cropped).jpg. Manasbose (talk) 09:11, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* you might want to comment on this. Manasbose (talk) 09:14, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* * File:Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on August 08, 2019 (cropped).jpg on Narendra Modi
* * File:Shri Narendra Modi.jpg on Prime Minister of India
* I will recommend File:Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on August 08, 2019 (cropped).jpg for article Narendra Modi and File:Shri Narendra Modi.jpg for article Prime Minister of India. The file being pushed by is yet to be reviewed any reviewer. Further, any wikipedia policy doesn't mandate us to keep official portraits on articles. Licensed image without any copyvio in public domain in highest available resolution is what I recommend. The photo I and Manasbose back for Narendra Modi is recent, covers him upto his body, having camera at inclination and not opposite to face, hence provides an entire profile of his face and looks better. Meanwhile the one given by Sdg100 is a straight standstill mirror image that won't even allow to recognise the character in other expressions. For Prime Minister of India, File:Shri Narendra Modi.jpg is strongly backed from me given its nice resolution and Indian flag in background (for representative of Indian republic). Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 14:53, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
I recommend File:PM Narendra Modi.jpg for both Narendra Modi and Prime Minister of India pages because this is the official portrait of him. Sdg100 (talk) 15:19, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
I recommend File:PM Narendra Modi.jpg for both Narendra Modi and Prime Minister of India pages because the image is very good and this is the official portrait and can be used anywhere easily. Sdg100 (talk) 15:21, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* We were not using copyrighted portraits earlier either, and those were much better than this one with just front elevation plus no background. I don't find any Wikipedia policy necessitating use of official portraits. You should stop reverting to an unreviewed file. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 10:00, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
* CC-by-SA photos are best, avoids copyright.--Hippeus (talk) 11:00, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
* I'd suggest a mug shot (passport style) portrait for the Modi article. It is customary (imo) to use a straight passport style photograph for the infobox and, both the ones nominated by Akg, are sideways shots. If you can find a straight shot that is cc-by-sa, that would probably be better. --RegentsPark (comment) 13:08, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
* As told before, I back so for profile for face. Still there are many other images available than this unreviewed file if concensus tilts in favour of a photo with front elevation of face. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 07:57, 5 September 2020 (UTC)
* We should not be using a copyrighted photo when so many free-use images are available. I don't see how a copyrighted portrait of Modi would qualify for an WP:NFUR in any case. Vanamonde (Talk) 17:07, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
Request for the image to be applied on the page.
I request to use the file File:PM Narendra Modi.jpg in this page because this is the official portrait of the Prime Minister of India. Apart from that, this image is also used in the Prime Minister of India page. Sdg100 (talk) 09:25, 21 September 2020 (UTC)
Gujrat Riots
@RegentsPark what kind of stupidity is this? You have reinstated these lines "It was considered that his government was complicit with the riots" while supreme court and other agencies did not find any evidence. Why are you trying to keep false information? ManojAvadhani (talk) 17:33, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
* If reliable sources consider him complicit in the riots, then we say just that. Court rulings can be mentioned (and, clearly, they are in this case) but we stick to reliable secondary sources for our main points. Please read up on WP:RS. --RegentsPark (comment) 17:41, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
@RegentaPark Is what you are doing not against contempt of court? Who ever writes filth will that become reliable source? So you are ready to tarnish image of a person who has got astounding mandate of people of India twice because your "reliable source" says so? ManojAvadhani (talk) 17:48, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
* Please read WP:RS, as RegentsPark asked you to, and also read WP:DUE, which is very relevant here. Please also remember that making legal threats is not permitted on Wikipedia, and if you didn't intend to imply a threat of legal action, you should choose your words more carefully. Vanamonde (Talk) 18:03, 25 September 2020 (UTC)
President order
My edit was reverted despite providing proper details not sure why Mods don't take time to read and mull over it. Anyways, all the previous prime minister and president profile has their counterpart listed inorder of office held. So, in case of current PM the order should be Pranab Mukherjee and then Ram Nath Kovind and after 2022 whoever holds the office not the other way around. Shashpant (talk) 08:49, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
* Hi, I reverted them because I was not sure if that was the preferred way to order them. However, it does seem like most other pages order them chronologically. Maybe someone else can help us clarify this. <span style="font family:Lobster;text-shadow: 4px 4px 20px mediumturquoise, -4px -4px 20px darkorchid"> Pro lix 💬 09:32, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
* A chronological order would make sense to me, if only because if we do it some other way without explaining why, readers may well assume it's chronological. Vanamonde (Talk) 17:08, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks for clarifying, . I'll make the change <span style="font family:Lobster;text-shadow: 4px 4px 20px mediumturquoise, -4px -4px 20px darkorchid"> Pro lix 💬 17:32, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
Narendra modi image
Hello Freinds I recently update photo of modi From 2013 event but a user revert it kindly dont revert such friendly changes, I am re adding that photo please dont do that its ok to have photo of few years back, Hope u all agree with me. Aristocratic 536 (talk) 11:45, 10 November 2020 (UTC)
* The 2019 photo is a better photo, clearer and better colour balance, besides just being more recent.--Hippeus (talk) 11:12, 17 November 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 22 November 2020
AhadChattha (talk) 21:47, 22 November 2020 (UTC) There are some things I want to add e.g some of his new achievements and overall give an update to the data.
Yours Sincerely, Ahad Chattha
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. You need to be specific about what you want added. Alternatively, you can make the changes yourself when you account becomes autoconfirmed, which usually happens after your account is at least four days old and you have made 10 edits. RudolfRed (talk) 21:59, 22 November 2020 (UTC)
Indiscriminate removal of peer-reviewed research – Whitewashing
The editor "HalfdanRagnarsson" indiscriminately removed a number of peer-reviewed studies and other expert assessments that point to the undisputed democratic backsliding that has occurred in India under Modi's leadership. The removal is nothing short of whitewashing, and the content should be restored ASAP. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 14:19, 28 November 2020 (UTC) Added link to the removal. Kautilya3 (talk) 14:20, 9 December 2020 (UTC)
* Now, now, calm! First off, it is not "undisputed". It is undisputed that Orban's Hungary has backslid, it is undisputed that Erdogan's Turkey has backslid, but there is no such consensus on India. What you cited were a lot of conjectures, studies and claims supporting the theory that Modi's India is experiencing democratic backsliding. Of course, you may reinsert them as a claim - but not a fact. Words matter - this is the world's largest encyclopedia. Happy editing! HalfdanRagnarsson (talk) 14:25, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
* If you want to dispute that democratic backsliding has occurred, you need to present reliable sources to that end. As it stands, you've removed peer-reviewed academic studies, expert assessments and data by relevant bodies (such as the V-Dem Institute), which all say that democratic backsliding has occurred. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 14:39, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
* Now, that may be a problem. You won't find publications saying "Boris Johnson is not authoritarian" just because a guardian article (or, for that matter, well-sourced content like this ) says he is. Of course, I will be happy if what you ask for is satisfied by another editor. So that's about it - I guess I've said everything I had to say on this. HalfdanRagnarsson (talk) 15:45, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
* That's one random op-ed and it doesn't even say Johnson is an authoritarian. I presented multiple peer-reviewed studies, expert assessments, and an expert authority on democracy (the V-Dem Institute dataset). Snooganssnoogans (talk) 15:53, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
* The relevant question is how many studies have examined democratic institutions in India during Modi's tenure, and what they have to say about it. If there are very many contradicting the findings of the ones in dispute here, then they may constitute undue weight, but I'm not seeing evidence of that. Vanamonde (Talk) 16:15, 28 November 2020 (UTC)
* This is a BLP about a person over a long period, due weight has to be considered otherwise this will become a novel. This is a highly edited topic also, no surprise that new sections keep coming. I see a source from 2007 also used to make a point about 2014-2020? Several academicians have written about improved elections (which is self-evident from increasing voter turnout percentage), improved women's participation in elections in recent times. (2018) Deepening Democracy in India: The Role of Women Parliamentarians and Their Challenges. In: Ahmed N. (eds) Women in Governing Institutions in South Asia. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. (2016) Democracy and human development: recent legislation in India. Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute. The democratic institutions in India, the election commission, the judiciary, the parliament hasn't lost credibility. Research with numeric data is superior to opinions with feelers. We should have a consensus here on how much of it is due weight, and how to present it following the neutrality aspect. It could add value to an existing section if done right. Cheers! Jaydayal (talk) 09:38, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
* What do those sources have to say about the Modi administration specifically? Vanamonde (Talk) 23:02, 30 November 2020 (UTC)
* I agree with and . This material seems (extremely) well-sourced, appropriate weight, and encyclopedic, and the phrasing is appropriate. Obviously, the issue of democracy in India is a complex one, but I see no reason why we should omit descriptions of well-sourced expert assessments. Neutralitytalk 23:53, 29 November 2020 (UTC)
* I also agree with, if the content is well sourced and phrased right, it should definitely be placed on the page. We should also try to find well sourced information that democratic backsliding has not occured, just to be safe and not have undue weight. Chariotrider555 (talk) 06:23, 5 December 2020 (UTC)
* I appreciate what you're trying to do with your most recent edit, but please be careful to avoid false balance problems; in-text attribution for this content is likely justified; but attributing it to unspecified "critics" isn't; if the authors are scholars (I haven't verified this yet) that's likely what should be used; or possibly just "described as" as a qualifier, similar to what's been done above with the Godhra riots content in the lead. Vanamonde (Talk) 01:31, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* None of the cited sources are critics (e.g. op-eds by Modi's opponents). The sources are all academic, except I think one Economist article. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 01:34, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
Hello, I can't see any of citations provided here verifying "Critics have stated that under Modi's tenure, India has experienced democratic backsliding." even remotely except an article from V-Dem. His administration has took an approach to pursue a centralised structure power or has a relatively more autocratic regime in nature is somewhat best what is verifiable but nothing on "Democratic backsliding". I don't see how we could include the term for attribute when it isn't even utilised in any significant number of sources. This article is GA and depends on quality scholarly sources for such claims. We should not lower the article's quality. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 10:03, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* That's nonsense. Democratic backsliding is a decline in democracy, which all the cited sources support either explicitly or through synonymous wording. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 13:40, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* Strictly speaking, any unverifiable content only deteriorates quality of the article. Backsliding has been the attribute of mere a handful of cases for a very good reason and can't be introduced just because of personal tendencies. Democratic backsliding includes actual dysfunctional state of democratic machinery of a state. Again, if there is situation that nearly or most of or even a significant number of sources use word "Democratic backsliding" or Republic of India is no longer mentioned as a democracy prevalently. Unless there is so, the content serves no purpose except debauching of the article and here we don't even have enough sources to give it even a mention in article. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 15:29, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* You're engaging in original research. Democratic backsliding does not necessarily entail "Republic of India is no longer mentioned as a democracy". Snooganssnoogans (talk) 16:00, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* Original research Not by a long shot. I'm mere responding to "they still criticise". Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 18:51, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* Your first comment is a little concerning, because there's several inaccuracies in it. First, the article you point to isn't by V-Dem, it's in the journal Democratization; it uses data from V-Dem, but that website is simply hosting the paper. Second, the other source from Democratization explicitly uses the term "democratic backsliding" as well; did you read it? Third, the other sources are still criticizing the Modi administration's effect on India's democratic institutions. You seem to argue that because they do not use a specific term, they do not belong in the article, whereas really they ought to be integrated into a paragraph about the more general topic. We need to evaluate the material about the Modi administration and democracy, and decide what that paragraph looks like. Erasing those sources completely isn't an option. Vanamonde (Talk) 16:27, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* My view: I agree with that the "critics" should be named if the content is to be added. Moreover, I encourage adding the views opposite to the views of these "critics" to maintain neutrality. Furthermore, please don't create a separate section about this in accordance with WP:CSECTION. Try to add the content within existing sections. Also, "democratic backsliding" is a bit too strong phrase, so I encourage a more neutral-sounding substitute for it. —  Vaibhav afro  💬 16:29, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* That's...not quite what I said, but I actually agree that a section is a bad idea; we have a section about governance; this is very much on topic there. Incidentally, that and other sections could use some heavy pruning; they're reading like a list of initiatives at the moment, and it's easy to fill the article with that sort of stuff, but given that we're trying to reduce an (at present) six-year administration to a few paragraphs, only the most noteworthy things, ie those that are mentioned in scholarly sources or retrospective analyses, are worth mention. Vanamonde (Talk) 16:55, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* My bad that I didn't read out second source. Yet the issue with the prevalence of use of term remains. Although, the centralisation of power and a more authoritarian approach to issues remains a characteristic of his administration and is supported by nearly all sources, is ought to be added as it is. Further making a new section especially for it again is vanity as governance section serves purpose even now IMO. WP:NPOV is paramount and such sections about his initiatives or criticism only makes it a anti or pro Modi PoV piece. Issue remains with whether it is needed in lead or not. I don't find it necessary but don't have any problem with it either if it quotes what most sources say as it is. For the good of article, governance section should be groomed, trimmed, expanded and rewritten to summarise his premiership like an expanded lead. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 18:51, 8 December 2020 (UTC)
* The governance section should absolutely not summarize his premiership; we do not need a second summary. Governance is about governance. Effects on democratic institutions fits well. Also, you need to be more specific by what you mean when you say "supported by nearly all sources"; of course all sources about Modi aren't going to mention this, just as they aren't going to mention demonetization, or the Time PotY, or anything else. The question is about sources discussing governance during his premiership. Vanamonde (Talk) 00:58, 9 December 2020 (UTC)
* By summary, I meant that we we could skip some point to point news what's incorporated there. As for Democratic backsliding, it wasn't an administrative action like demonetisation but a scholastic term for characteristic. It widely may include rampant corruption and essentially election frauds etc.. If there is a widespread concensus for it terming transition as "Democratic backsliding" which is not there at the moment, term would be considered. For sure the authoritarian lead culture and centralised power etc. find sufficient covered for inclusion. So, unless it can be verified that they refer same as "Democratic backsliding", the term remains nothing more than a critical metaphor. I'm afraid that inclusion of every randomly used term just for sake of being critical, would further push article into a "cry baby" piece than a good one with actual assessments. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 07:27, 9 December 2020 (UTC)
* AKG, please read the linked scholarly sources, and other material about governance under Modi. They are not discussing corruption and election fraud; they are discussing centralization of power and erosion of democratic institutions, which is also what the sources using the term "backsliding" discuss. This does not mean the term must be used, but if you think the sources are not all making the same point, you need to read them more carefully. Vanamonde (Talk) 18:46, 9 December 2020 (UTC)
* I as have told earlier, the nature of his regime which has centralised power or authoritarian nature is being discussed straight away by sources are quite safe to add. Term "Backsliding" should be based upon prevalence and as even that topic would include a broad approach on all aspects. Aman Kumar Goel (Talk) 06:52, 10 December 2020 (UTC)
Path forward
Is there a path forward here or should I put this to a RfC? In my view, it's not acceptable to attribute these as studies as "critics", so I wouldn't agree with that as a compromise. Some editors above say that the backsliding description is contested, but haven't provided any evidence to that end, so to exclude the studies on a NPOV-basis seems unsubstantiated. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 18:55, 18 December 2020 (UTC)
* I agree, if no evidence exists that democratic backsliding hasn't occurred, then it should be kept in the article. Chariotrider555 (talk) 19:35, 18 December 2020 (UTC)
Godhra Riots
Hello The Article still Says that Modi alleged involvement in Gujarat riots,Well he got Clean chit from Supreme Court 2 times And once during NDA Govt So how on Earth U can accuse Him of Such Invlovement Is beyond Me, Kindly remove this allege involvement word its highly Misguiding. Thanks. Samboy 01681 (talk) 06:49, 2 December 2020 (UTC)
No Response Yet ??? Samboy 01681 (talk) 15:54, 2 December 2020 (UTC)
* That content appears to be well sourced and the "clean chit" is also mentioned in the article. --RegentsPark (comment) 18:23, 2 December 2020 (UTC)
RegentsPark Ok, So If thats the Case why in The lead its says Narendra Modi Allged Invovlement In Godhra Riots ??????? It shouldn't be mention the lead as it made Article Controversial Indicating that Modi has a Role To Play In Gujarat Riots Which is wrong indeed Its a request to discuss About It Or He got Clean Chit So Please dont Mention So Called Allged Invovlement We should mention Like this That He was alleged by Left wingers to Play a part in Godhra Riots however he got Clean chit from Supreme court. Its a request Mate. Samboy 01681 (talk) 08:02, 3 December 2020 (UTC)
* The exact statement is "His administration has been considered complicit in the 2002 Gujarat riots,[a] or otherwise criticised for its handling of it. A Supreme Court-appointed Special Investigation Team found no evidence to initiate prosecution proceedings against Modi personally." Reliable sources consider him complicit but the Supreme Court hasn't found evidence. I cannot think of a better way to state this. --RegentsPark (comment) 16:12, 3 December 2020 (UTC)
I was thinking to Post a link from Relaible sites like OpIndia but it was removed saying it is in blacklist.Samboy 01681 (talk) 02:45, 4 December 2020 (UTC)
* , it's blacklisted because it's anything BUT a reliable source. Ravensfire (talk) 02:51, 4 December 2020 (UTC)
You can upload this to reliable website — Preceding unsigned comment added by SARFARAZ SAMIN 123 (talk • contribs) 16:06, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 21:54, 30 December 2020 (UTC)
* The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi celebrating Diwali with the jawans of the Indian Army at Longewala in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan on November 14, 2020 (2).jpg
RfC: Democratic backsliding under Modi
1. Should the article include text on "democratic backsliding" under Modi's tenure as Prime Minister? 2. If yes, should it be written in Wikipedia's voice (e.g. "Under Modi's tenure, India has experienced democratic backsliding") rather than be attributed to "critics" (e.g. "critics say India has experienced democratic backsliding under Modi's tenure")? Snooganssnoogans (talk) 08:24, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
Sources for "democratic backsliding"
Survey
* Yes to both. The text is sourced to high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed research and the V-Dem Institute's measures of democracy. The subject of democracy under Modi has been a notable part of his premiership, as reflected in RS coverage. Content on the subject has long-term encyclopedic value. If attribution is needed, it should at the very least be attributed to "political scientists" or "experts" rather than "critics" because the scholarly works that are cited are not by critics. Snooganssnoogans (talk) 08:29, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Yes It should be included and be attributed to "scholars have noted that India has experienced democratic backsliding" or "experts have noted that...". Chariotrider555 (talk) 22:45, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Yes to both. This is extensively covered in the academic literature and high-quality journalistic sources, so it must be included in order to make the article appropriately comprehensive. "Critics have..." language should not be included because it is inappropriate/inaccurate: as the cited sources reflect, the discussion of democratic backsliding covers from scholars and experts, not mere political critics. Neutralitytalk 23:38, 24 December 2020 (UTC)
* Neutral on 1, No to 2 - I have nothing to say about it being included or not. However, if it is to be included, then it must be attributed to critics. Yes, they are high-quality sources, but they are high-quality sources that are critical of him. "Critics have..." language would certainly fit well here. HalfdanRagnarsson (talk) 08:56, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
* Yes to both per Snooganssnoogans - Idealigic (talk) 20:23, 26 December 2020 (UTC)
* Yes to both widely reported in a variety academic and expert analysis. No question about it really. Bacondrum (talk) 00:59, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
* Tentative support for both per Neutrality, but I have a fairly strong preference for avoiding the jargon-ish term "backsliding" and instead saying in plainer language what that means. Vanamonde (Talk) 23:27, 29 December 2020 (UTC)
* Yes to both. Striking the right balance on Neutrality is always tricky with current events, but on this matter there is widespread agreement among sources from across the political spectrum. --Tserton (talk) 03:31, 1 January 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Have You Been Able To Parse SEC Filings Prior To The XBRL Format?
I have been working to parse company filings so I can build my own database of company fundamentals. That being said, it has been a royal pain.
I have been primarily working in Python, and have tried various different methods to extract this data. The biggest issue is naming conventions because it changes company to company, year after year. Past 2010-2011 is a lot easier because they utilize XBRL and have formatted tables available, but beyond that I have been stumped.
The most recent method that has worked the best is converting the filing to a PDF and extracting table data that way, but still the table data is not formatted properly sometimes, there is missing data sometimes, and again with the naming conventions. The naming conventions isn’t a huge issue with this method, it’s more the formatting and missing some of the data.
I have been doing research on this sub, and all of Reddit to be honest, and there have been some various different methods posted. One being using the Quantmod R package, but I tested this last night and got an error because google stopped supplying the data for balance sheets, income statements, etc. Another method talked about parsing XMLs in parallel and dumping extracted fields into an SQL database, but I have not tested this yet and don’t want to waste more time if it’s not going to be successful.
I am going to re-assess my process today and I wanted to reach out you all to see if you have been successful in parsing these filings, beyond the XBRL formatting. I am not looking for a how-to or to copy anyones work, but I would love some tips, ideas, guidance, etc. Anything helps! | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Complete Works of Henry George Volume 3.djvu/277
OPEN LETTER TO POPE LEO XTTT. 85
In assuming that laborers, even ordinary manual laborers, are naturally poor, you ignore the fact that labor is the producer of wealth, and attribute to the natural law of the Creator an injustice that comes from man's impious violation of his benevolent intention. In the rudest stage of the arts it is possible, where justice prevails, for all well men to earn a living. With the labor-saving appliances of our time, it should be possible for all to earn much more. And so, in saying that poverty is no disgrace, you convey an unreasonable implication. For poverty ought to be a disgrace, since in a condition of social justice, it would, where unsought from religious motives or unimposed by unavoidable misfortune, imply recklessness or laziness.
The sympathy of your Holiness seems exclusively directed to the poor, the workers. Ought this to be so? Are not the rich, the idlers, to be pitied also ? By the word of the gospel it is the rich rather than the poor who call for pity, for the presumption is that they will share the fate of Dives. And to any one who believes in a future life the condition of him who wakes to find his cherished millions left behind must seem pitiful. But even in this life, how really pitiable are the rich. The evil is not in wealth in itself in its command over mate- rial things ; it is in the possession of wealth while others are steeped in poverty ; in being raised above touch with the life of humanity, from its work and its struggles, its hopes and its fears, and above all, from the love that sweetens life, and the kindly sympathies and generous acts that strengthen faith in man and trust in God. Consider how the rich see the meaner side of human nature; how they are surrounded by flatterers and sycophants; how they find ready instruments not only to gratify vicious impulses, but to prompt and stimulate
�� � | WIKI |
Latino (singer)
Roberto de Souza Rocha (born February 2, 1973), also known by the stage name Latino, is a Brazilian recording artist and entertainer. Latino has sold more than four million albums along his career.
Biography
Rocha was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In 1988 he moved to the United States, where his mother was living with his stepfather. Rocha stayed there for four years, working as barman, magician, cook, dancer and even as waiter. He was also roadie for David Copperfield, and started performing in bars and nightclubs. Being repeatedly referred as a "Latin Boy" at work, Rocha decided to use "Latino" as his stage name.
After going back to Brazil, Latino started his artistic career in 1994, recording his first CD Marcas de Amor. The tracks "Me Leva" and "Só Você" attracted attention owing to their dance rhythm. The album sold over 100 thousand copies and certified gold.
His next album was Aventureiro resulting in singles "Eu Amo Você" and "Louca". In 1997, he ventured into Spanish releasing a Spanish CD version of his album in Mexico. 1998 saw release of "Vitrine", a big radio hit. In 1999, he released Latino 2000 with the resulting single "Solidão é Demais".
At this point, Latino started to get flak in the media for the emptiness of his lyrics, and was shunned by other artists, who made music satirizing him. With the 2000s, Latino started producing some artists and becoming host of TV program Sábado Show on Rede TV. "Tô Nem Aí" ('I Don't Care'), co-written by Latino and Luka, became a No. 1 hit in Brazil and Portugal, and appeared on European charts in Italy, Germany, Spain and other countries. He was cover model in G Magazine in July 2000.
Xeque Mate came in 2003. The songs on the playlist, such as "Você Já Foi Mais Humilde" ('You Used To Be More Humble'), "Cartão Vermelho" ('Red Card') and "Medo Meu" ('My Fear') portrayed the biography of his last and enduring relationship. In 2003, Latino had a cameo appearance in Kubanacan, a Rede Globo television soap opera. In the same year he released his first live CD: Latino Ao Vivo – 10 Anos de Sucessos. It was produced by Up In The Air Produções, distributed by Som Livre (Globo TV Organization record company) and joined all the greatest hits of his career. "Me Leva", "Não Adianta Chorar" ("There's No Use Crying"), "Só Você" and "Eu Amo Você", are some of them.
Despite his successful career, Latino's practice of taking hits from other countries and re-recording them has been met with wide criticism from the musical community in Brazil, mostly because his lyrics have no relation whatsoever to the original music.
On September 17, 2012, Latino posted in his YouTube channel a video containing a Brazilian version of the Korean hit "Gangnam Style" with the name "Despedida de Solteiro (Laçar, Puxar, Beijar)". After it, YouTube closed Latino's account, with more than 100,000 dislikes on his video and numerous complaints from users saying that the song was plagiarized and spoils the original version.
Monkey
In February 2014 the singer was given a robust capuchin monkey as a wedding present by a businessman who worked with Latino. He named the monkey Twelves. The name Twelves was a tribute to the singer's fascination with the number 12, and because Twelves was born on "12/12/12".
On March 17, 2016, Latino posted a photo showing Twelves on his shoulder, while the Latino placed a hookah's hose to the monkey's mouth. The caption read: "Even Twelves wants to take a gangster-style photo". This caused controversy, with many followers criticizing his behavior. The post was deleted after the negative reaction, but the criticism continued.
Sampled and covered songs
Latino sampled Earth, Wind & Fire's song "Let's Groove" in his song "Provoca", he also sampled Backstreet Boys’ song "All I Have To Give" in his song "Solidão É Demais", Evelyn "Champagne" King’s "Shame" in his song "Divinas",and his secondary sample of P.M. Dawn’s "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss" (from original song True by Spandau Ballet) in his song "Carta Canção", from the album Latino 2000.
His song "Festa no Apê" is a remix of "Dragostea Din Tei", from the Moldavian band O-Zone. The song "Sem Noção" is a remix of "Chacarron" from the singer El Chombo.
Studio albums
* Marcas de Amor (1994)
* Aventureiro (1996)
* Latino (1997)
* Latino 2000 (1999)
* Xeque Mate (2002)
* Latino Apresenta as Aventuras do DJ L (2004)
* Latino Apresenta as Novas Aventuras de DJ L (2005)
* Sem Noção (2007)
* Junto e Misturado (2008)
* James Bom de Cama (2014)
* Soy Latino (2015) | WIKI |
Adam Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz
Adam Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz is an American designer and educator, who teaches at Michigan State University. He has designed both virtual reality and serious games.
History
Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz received an MFA from SUNY Buffalo and a PhD from the USC Interactive Media & Games Division. He has taught game design and theory at the University of California, Los Angeles. As a student, he developed a theory about popular games, specifically FarmVille, as a cultural phenomenon.
Theory of Virtual Reality
Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz has connected Absurdism with virtual reality (VR) as part of the philosophy regarding human imagination in VR environments. He has referenced the absurdist Fluxus art movement in this theory. He has also discussed the importance of Relational Aesthetics in VR, emphasizing human-to-human relationships outside the VR headset as crucial to the experience.
Sulzdorf-Liszkiewicz designed the VR game Hot Dogs, Horseshoes & Hand Grenades, released in 2017. | WIKI |
Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 90.djvu/235
Millionaire Vagabonds h of Florida's Waters
��The American millionaire finds a substitute for his trip to Europe
��By A. M. Jungmann
���The houseboat of a millionaire is really a kind of luxxirious river steamer. This one is a one hundred and thirty-foot craft which can carry two thousand five hundred gallons of gasoline
��WHEN we wish to think in the superlativ^e of luxury, our minds, curiously enough, hark back to the glories of the ancients — Xero fiddling to the accompaniment of burning Rome; Cleopatra wooing Mark Antony as they drifted down the Nile in her slave-driven silk-hung barge. Yet it is safe to assume that the most gorgeous queen of history would have paled with envy could she have compared her barge with that new- toy of wealthy America — the power house- boat. Yet these same houseboats may not be such an extravagance as they seem. It may be cheaper to move than to pay rent or taxes, when you can afford to live in a floating palace. A few years ago the general conception of a houseboat was a square, rather ugly structure, mounted on a number of barrels lashed together. Today the modern houseboat is a sort of glorified combination of a Fifth Avenue mansion and the latest cry in steam yachts.
Since the war broke out in Europe, many of our wealthy pleasure-seekers have been forced to forego their annual European pilgrimage. Our own resorts, especially in the South, do not afford the luxurious accommodations that the American million- aire has been accustomed to obtain on the other side. And so the war was followed by a boom in power-houseboat building. Larger than ever is the fieet of these boats that has gone to Florida this winter. Most of them are equipped with gasoline engines which enable them to make the trip under their own power.
The houseboat of a millionaire is really a kind of luxurious river steamer. She may be anywhere from fifty to one hundred and fifty feet in length, and she may
��accommodate from ten to forty wealthy vagabonds, depending on her size.
Do not confuse the houseboat with a yacht. A houseboat is not so much a ship as a home. Her living and dining rooms are commodious and bright. A number of the staterooms are sure to have private bath- rooms, with all the requirements of vanity.
Sudi a boat is lighted by electricity. She has a hot-water plant, a ventilating plant and an excellent refrigerating system. The fish caught by the guests are kept absolutely fresh in a special tank supplied with fresh sea water. Of course the guests want to talk to one another without screaming down the corridors, and so a telephone system is usually considered indispensable. Besides there is an alarm system, to be used in case of fire or accident, an electric bilge pump and a complete fire fighting apparatus.
A big houseboat, a one hundred and thirty footer, will carry 2500 gallons of gasoline, for which a type of tank has been devised with filling and vent pipe so arranged that no gasoline will get below deck when the tank is filled. Her large refrigerator will carry 7000 pounds of ice. Storerooms, pantries and lockers are so big and numerous that she can carry supplies enough for months. If her owner desires to escape civilization, all he has to do is to sail away for a year and a day and have all the comforts of life without any of the modern inconveniences.
There are numbers of these houseboats which have gone to Florida this winter. Some are wonderfully complete and com- fortable though only half the size of others. All are able to travel under their own power. The majority have gasoline motors.
��219
�� � | WIKI |
Talk:Edgar
where is the artocle about the edgar kid who fell into the water in the video?
Edgar Cheung in the "People called Edgar" list is the same as "Edgar's Falls". One of them must be erased Edgar is a wonderful name Edgar mankge
* 1) Edgar
* 2) wonderful name — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lepanta (talk • contribs) 17:18, 3 August 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Constipation Puts You at Risk for Chronic Disease
Constipation is a health risk for chronic disease. One of the major functions of your GI tract is to eliminate toxins. Regular bowel movements are extremely important for your health because, without them, toxins accumulate and are recirculated in your bloodstream. Toxin accumulation can lead to much more serious health complications like autoimmune disease, high cholesterol, poor gut health, diabetes, heart disease and much more. In fact, a recent study found links between chronic constipation and rectal cancer, gastric cancer, diverticulitis, and ischemic colitis. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/853239
What causes constipation?
15% of Americans suffer from constipation. One of the primary causes of constipation has to do with your diet. Particularly if you are eating one high in processed foods and low in fiber. Some of the other common causes include hypothyroid function, intestinal infections, dehydration, magnesium deficiency, and ignoring the urge to go. If you constantly ignore the urge to go, you will eventually stop feeling the urge. Certain medications can also contribute to constipation; pain relievers, anti-depressants, antacids, and blood pressure medications to name a few.
What can you do to combat constipation?
At Balanced Well-Being Healthcare, we take constipation very seriously. The toolbox we use with our client’s includes:
1. Increase fiber in the diet with fruits and vegetables, chia and flax seeds, and/or a supplement of psyllium husk fiber. Fiber both feeds good bacteria in your gut AND pulls water into your stool making it easier to pass, both of which are essential for combating constipation.
2. Increase fluid intake to 8-10 glasses of water per day. Hydration makes it less likely to have hard dry stools that are difficult to pass.
3. Increase physical activity and movement. The movement helps increase the motility in your digestive tract and can stimulate the urge to have a bowel movement. When you do feel the urge, don’t wait. The longer the stool sits in your colon, the more water is removed and the more difficult it is to pass.
4. Abdominal massage can increase motility and stimulate the urge to go.
5. Supplement with Magnesium citrate. Magnesium has a laxative effect because it draws water into the stools, making them softer and easier to pass. Magnesium can also make you sleepy so we typically recommend taking it at night before bed.
6. Supplement with Vitamin C. Vitamin C also has a laxative effect. We typically recommend increasing the dose until you see that effect.
7. Meditation/relaxation exercises. Stress can be a huge barrier to having regular bowel movement. Stress reduction techniques can help remove this barrier.
8. Dedicate time to allow for a bowel movement each day.
9. Supplement with probiotics and fermented foods as they improve gut health overall.
If the above approaches do not seem to be working for you it may be time to dig a little deeper into the root cause of your constipation. We would recommend beginning by looking at thyroid and gut health with advanced testing. Call us if this interests you as we are happy to help!! 970.631.8286 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Indonesia's MNC Sky Vision to sell up to 10 pct stake in private placement
JAKARTA, March 24 (Reuters) - Indonesian cable television operator PT MNC Sky Vision Tbk said on Thursday it plans to sell up to a 10 pct stake in a private placement for business expansion. The company will sell up to 706.38 million shares and parent company PT Global Mediacom Tbk will act as stand by buyer for the sale, MNC Sky Vision said in a stock exchange filing. The price for the sale is yet to be set, it said. A shareholder meeting to seek approval for the plan is scheduled in May, it said. (Reporting by Fransiska Nangoy; Editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
-- Group: Haiti Earthquake Camps Expose Women to Sex Violence
Sexual violence against Haitian women
who have been living in camps since the January earthquake is
increasing, in part because the United Nations isn’t doing
enough to protect them, Refugees International said. “More experienced United Nations personnel and resources
for humanitarian protection are urgently required,” the
Washington-based group said in a report released today.
“Protection should be considered a greater priority.” More than 1 million Haitians have been living in about
1,300 camps since the 7.0-magnitude earthquake killed an
estimated 300,000 people and caused $7.8 billion in damages. Refugees International said 70 percent of the camps lack
proper management and incidents of rape and abortions performed
on children as young as 10 years old have tripled in Haiti since
the earthquake. The report cited gang-related violence and cases
of women trading sex for food. “No one is saying this is in perfect order,” Martin
Nesirky, spokesman for UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon , told
reporters in New York. “It is not. It is obvious that more can
be done.” The UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti increased its presence
in the largest camps last month, according to Nesirky. He said
559 UN police and 600 soldiers are stationed in six of the
largest camps, and that 704 soldiers and five mobile police
units are carrying out random patrols. Sexual violence was a “serious problem” in Haiti before
the earthquake, Nesirky said. More Protection Stephanie Bunker , spokeswoman for the UN Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, said the agency wants to
“see an increased capacity to protect” women in the camps. The UN has 11,848 soldiers and civilian police in Haiti. Refugees International was also critical of the general
state of the camps, citing a lack of translators to enable UN
staff and other aid workers to communicate with Haitians. “Living in squalid, overcrowded and spontaneous camps for
a prolonged period has aggravated levels of violence and
appalling standards of living,” the Refugees International
report said. The humanitarian response to the earthquake
“appears paralyzed.” Emilie Parry, a co-author of the report, said problems
range from the $2 billion in aid and reconstruction money
received, out of $10 billion pledged, to lack of coordination
among private aid groups, the UN and Haiti’s government. Haiti’s army and police, “under resourced” before the
earthquake, were “overwhelmed” by the demands of the recovery
effort, she said. Congo Violence The UN is also under fire for not protecting women from
sexual violence in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. UN
peacekeepers based a few miles away failed to prevent some of
the attacks on 303 civilians there in July and August, Atul
Khare, deputy head of the mission, told the Security Council on
Sept. 7. Refugees International said the handling of food aid in
Haiti has contributed to problems for women. The UN World Food
Program in April discontinued general food distribution that
reached as many as 4 million Haitians after the earthquake
struck. The Rome-based agency has since targeted food
distribution at pregnant women and children and is feeding about
1.6 million Haitians. This has created the problem of other women feeling the
need to trade sex for food, the report said. Haiti’s ambassador to the UN, Leo Merores, didn’t respond
to a request for a comment on the Refugees International
assessment. To contact the reporter on this story:
Bill Varner at the United Nations at
wvarner@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Mark Silva in Washington at
msilva34@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Wikiu26/Evaluate an Article
Enriqueta de Landaeta
The content of the article is composed of a small range of details and information. The article introduces Enriqueta de Landaeta as a Venezuelan professor who focused on helping education for young girls and women. The article includes unbiased statements and facts as it recalls her past. The structure of the article is short yet direct and concise. However, as the article is ranked as stub-class, there is an extreme lack in content regarding Enriqueta de Landaeta's life. Moreover the page has only been updates once or twice a year since 2015 and there are no conversations within the "talk page." The citations primarily consist of text written in Spanish produced in 2015. It can be inferred that information has since been translated and there may be a lack of English sources regarding Enriqueta de Landaeta. If available, information from more recent sources should be incorporated alongside images and information relating to her personal background. Regardless, the absence of accessible information on her life contributes to the underrepresentation of female historical figures. Overall there are many improvements that can be made to enhance the biographic detail of Enriqueta de Landaeta and her accomplishments.
Which article are you evaluating?
(Enriqueta de Landaeta)
Why you have chosen this article to evaluate?
(Briefly explain why you chose it, why it matters, and what your preliminary impression of it was.)
Evaluate the article
(Compose a detailed evaluation of the article here, considering each of the key aspects listed above. Consider the guiding questions, and check out the examples of what a useful Wikipedia article evaluation looks like.) | WIKI |
Twisted geometries
Twisted geometries are discrete geometries that play a role in loop quantum gravity and spin foam models, where they appear in the semiclassical limit of spin networks. A twisted geometry can be visualized as collections of polyhedra dual to the nodes of the spin network's graph. Intrinsic and extrinsic curvatures are defined in a manner similar to Regge calculus, but with the generalisation of including a certain type of metric discontinuities: the face shared by two adjacent polyhedra has a unique area, but its shape can be different. This is a consequence of the quantum geometry of spin networks: ordinary Regge calculus is "too rigid" to account for all the geometric degrees of freedom described by the semiclassical limit of a spin network.
The name twisted geometry captures the relation between these additional degrees of freedom and the off-shell presence of torsion in the theory, but also the fact that this classical description can be derived from Twistor theory, by assigning a pair of twistors to each link of the graph, and suitably constraining their helicities and incidence relations. | WIKI |
CANADA STOCKS-Futures lower as U.S.-China trade spat escalates
June 19 (Reuters) - Futures pointed to a lower opening for Canada’s main stock index on Tuesday as the latest tariff threat on Chinese goods by the United States intensified a trade dispute between the world’s two largest economies. U.S. President Donald Trump on Monday threatened to impose a 10 percent tariff on $200 billion of Chinese goods to which Beijing warned it would fight back with “qualitative” and “quantitative” measures. June futures on the S&P/TSX index were down 0.61 percent at 7:15 a.m. ET. The Toronto Stock Exchange’s S&P/TSX rose 69.21 points, or 0.42 percent, to 16,383.63, on Monday. Dow Jones Industrial Average e-mini futures were down 1.43 percent at 7:15 a.m. ET, while S&P 500 e-mini futures were down 1.15 percent and Nasdaq 100 e-mini futures were down 1.1 percent. Canada’s ruling Liberals suffered a setback on Monday when they lost a parliamentary seat in the province of Quebec, where party officials say they need to pick up support to bolster their chances of retaining power in 2019. Baytex Energy Corp: Credit Suisse raises price target to C$5.50 from C$4.50 Terago Inc: Desjardins raises target price to C$6 from C$5.75 COMMODITIES AT 7:15 a.m. ET Gold futures: $1278; fell 0.16 percent US crude: $64.87; fell 1.49 percent Brent crude: $74.8; fell 0.72 percent LME 3-month copper: $6837; fell 1.82 percent 0830 Building permits: number for May: Expected 1.350 mln; Prior 1.364 mln 0830 Build permits: change mm for May: Prior -0.9 pct 0830 Housing starts number for May: Expected 1.310 mln; Prior 1.287 mln 0830 House starts mm: Change for May: Prior -3.7 pct TSX market report Canadian dollar and bonds report Reuters global stocks poll for Canada Canadian markets directory ($1= C$1.33) (Reporting by Debanjan Bose in Bengaluru; Editing by Shounak Dasgupta) ) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
8 Replies Latest reply on Sep 25, 2003 1:34 PM by mattygiedt
JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
mattygiedt Newbie
I am having a rather hard time getting the JMS service to use the org.jboss.mq.pm.jdbc2.PersistenceManager. I'm getting the following exceptions when trying to start JBoss 3.2.1 with Java 1.4.2 using an XA DataSource for the connections:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
17:01:35,239 INFO [PersistenceManager] Starting
17:01:36,761 WARN [WrappedConnection] Closing a statement you left open, please do your own housekeeping
17:01:36,761 WARN [WrappedConnection] Closing a statement you left open, please do your own housekeeping
17:01:36,831 WARN [TransactionImpl] XAException: tx=TransactionImpl:XidImpl [FormatId=257, GlobalId=sandbox//1, BranchQual=] errorCode=XAER_RMERR
javax.transaction.xa.XAException: [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]xa_rollback (0) returns -4
[snip]
17:01:37,963 ERROR [PersistenceManager] Starting failed
org.jboss.mq.SpyJMSException: Could not resolve uncommited transactions. Message recovery may not be accurate; - nested throwable: (java.sql.SQLException: [Microsoft][SQLServer 2000 Driver for JDBC][SQLServer]Distributed transaction completed. Either enlist this session in a new transaction or the NULL transaction.)
-----------------------------------------------------------
I have manually created the two DB tables: (blob_type=image, but why do you have to define that at the top of the SqlProperties AND in the create_message_table sql?)
CREATE_MESSAGE_TABLE = CREATE TABLE JMS_MESSAGES (MESSAGEID INTEGER NOT NULL, DESTINATION VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, TXID INTEGER, TXOP CHAR(1), MESSAGEBLOB IMAGE, PRIMARY KEY (MESSAGEID, DESTINATION))
CREATE_TX_TABLE = CREATE TABLE MS_TRANSACTIONS (TXID INTEGER)
-----------------------------------------------------------
I have included my jbossmq-service.xml file, would somebody please point out what I'm doing wrong?
TIA,
-Matt
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!-- Invocation Layers -->
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!--
| InvocationLayers are the different transport methods that can
| be used to access the server.
-->
<depends optional-attribute-name="Invoker">jboss.mq:service=Invoker
java:/ConnectionFactory
java:/XAConnectionFactory
0
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!-- JBossMQ Interceptor chain configuration -->
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!-- To tune performance, you can have the Invoker skip over the TracingInterceptor -->
<!-- and/or the SecurityManager, but then you loose the ability to trace and/or enforce security. -->
<depends optional-attribute-name="NextInterceptor">jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
<!--
| The destination manager is the core service within JBossMQ
-->
<depends optional-attribute-name="PersistenceManager">jboss.mq:service=PersistenceManager
<depends optional-attribute-name="StateManager">jboss.mq:service=StateManager
<!--
| The MessageCache decides where to put JBossMQ message that
| are sitting around waiting to be consumed by a client.
|
| The memory marks are in Megabytes. Once the JVM memory usage hits
| the high memory mark, the old messages in the cache will start getting
| stored in the DataDirectory. As memory usage gets closer to the
| Max memory mark, the amount of message kept in the memory cache aproaches 0.
-->
50
60
jboss.mq:service=PersistenceManager
<!-- The PersistenceManager is used to store messages to disk. -->
<!--
| The jdbc2 PersistenceManager is the new improved JDBC implementation.
| This implementation allows you to control how messages are stored in
| the database.
|
|
-->
<depends optional-attribute-name="MessageCache">jboss.mq:service=MessageCache
<depends optional-attribute-name="ConnectionManager">jboss.jca:service=XATxCM,name=XAMSSQLDS
BLOB_TYPE=IMAGE
INSERT_TX = INSERT INTO JMS_TRANSACTIONS (TXID) values(?)
INSERT_MESSAGE = INSERT INTO JMS_MESSAGES (MESSAGEID, DESTINATION, MESSAGEBLOB, TXID, TXOP) VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)
SELECT_ALL_UNCOMMITED_TXS = SELECT TXID FROM JMS_TRANSACTIONS
SELECT_MAX_TX = SELECT MAX(TXID) FROM JMS_MESSAGES
SELECT_MESSAGES_IN_DEST = SELECT MESSAGEID, MESSAGEBLOB FROM JMS_MESSAGES WHERE DESTINATION=?
SELECT_MESSAGE = SELECT MESSAGEID, MESSAGEBLOB FROM JMS_MESSAGES WHERE MESSAGEID=? AND DESTINATION=?
MARK_MESSAGE = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET TXID=?, TXOP=? WHERE MESSAGEID=? AND DESTINATION=?
UPDATE_MESSAGE = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET MESSAGEBLOB=? WHERE MESSAGEID=? AND DESTINATION=?
UPDATE_MARKED_MESSAGES = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET TXID=?, TXOP=? WHERE TXOP=?
UPDATE_MARKED_MESSAGES_WITH_TX = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET TXID=?, TXOP=? WHERE TXOP=? AND TXID=?
UPDATE_MESSAGE = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET MESSAGEBLOB=? WHERE MESSAGEID=? AND DESTINATION=?
UPDATE_MARKED_MESSAGES = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET TXID=?, TXOP=? WHERE TXOP=?
UPDATE_MARKED_MESSAGES_WITH_TX = UPDATE JMS_MESSAGES SET TXID=?, TXOP=? WHERE TXOP=? AND TXID=?
DELETE_MARKED_MESSAGES_WITH_TX = DELETE FROM JMS_MESSAGES WHERE TXID IN (SELECT TXID FROM JMS_TRANSACTIONS) AND TXOP=?
DELETE_TX = DELETE FROM JMS_TRANSACTIONS WHERE TXID = ?
DELETE_MARKED_MESSAGES = DELETE FROM JMS_MESSAGES WHERE TXID=? AND TXOP=?
DELETE_MESSAGE = DELETE FROM JMS_MESSAGES WHERE MESSAGEID=? AND DESTINATION=?
CREATE_MESSAGE_TABLE = CREATE TABLE JMS_MESSAGES (MESSAGEID INTEGER NOT NULL, DESTINATION VARCHAR(150) NOT NULL, TXID INTEGER, TXOP CHAR(1), MESSAGEBLOB IMAGE, PRIMARY KEY (MESSAGEID, DESTINATION))
CREATE_TX_TABLE = CREATE TABLE JMS_TRANSACTIONS (TXID INTEGER)
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!-- System Destinations -->
<!-- ==================================================================== -->
<!-- Dead Letter Queue -->
<depends optional-attribute-name="DestinationManager">jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
• 1. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
Adrian Brock Master
You don't need an XA driver for jdbc2
Is IMAGE correct for SQLServer Blobs?
Regards,
Adrian
• 2. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
mattygiedt Newbie
Adrian,
I have created a non-XA DS and am using it for the PersistenceManager. This seems to work well.
<depends optional-attribute-name="MessageCache">jboss.mq:service=MessageCache
<depends optional-attribute-name="ConnectionManager">jboss.jca:service=LocalTxCM,name=MSSQLDS -->
The PersistenceManager now starts successfully, however does not do so cleanly:
[MSSQLDS] Bound connection factory for resource adapter for ConnectionManager 'jboss.jca:service=LocalTxCM,name=MSSQLDS to JNDI
[TxConnectionManager] Started
[PersistenceManager] Starting
[WrappedConnection] Closing a statement you left open, please do your own housekeeping
[WrappedConnection] Closing a statement you left open, please do your own housekeeping
[PersistenceManager] Started
I realize that message is coming from the CachedConnectionManager but why?
----------------------------------------------------
The server still does not start correctly, as I get the following (only) exception:
[DLQHandler] Creating
[DLQHandler] Initialization failed
javax.jms.JMSException: Error creating the dlq connection: XAConnectionFactory not bound
What's really confusing, is the JMSProviderLoader is dependent upon the XAConnectionFactory, and starts just fine:
[JMSProviderLoader] Creating
[JMSProviderLoader] Created
[JMSProviderLoader] Starting
[JMSProviderLoader] Bound adapter to java:/DefaultJMSProvider
[JMSProviderLoader] Started
The following is my MBean deployment summary:
MBeans waiting for other MBeans:
[ObjectName: jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=listenerQueue
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
Depends On Me: user:service=ListenerService
, ObjectName: jboss.mq:service=InvocationLayer,type=JVM
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=Invoker
Depends On Me: user:service=ListenerService
, ObjectName: jboss.mq:service=Invoker
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
Depends On Me: jboss.mq:service=InvocationLayer,type=JVM
, ObjectName: jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=PersistenceManager
jboss.mq:service=StateManager
Depends On Me: jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=listenerQueue
jboss.mq:service=Invoker
jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=DLQ
user:service=ListenerService
, ObjectName: jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=DLQ
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
Depends On Me: , ObjectName: user:service=ListenerService
state: CONFIGURED
I Depend On: jboss.mq:service=DestinationManager
jboss.mq:service=InvocationLayer,type=JVM
jboss.mq.destination:service=Queue,name=listenerQueue
Depends On Me: ]
----------------------------------------------------
Finally, is the BLOB type supposed to be NTEXT? Put differently, where can I find what that value is supposed to be, seeing as it's not in the paid documentation...
TIA,
-Matt
• 3. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
Adrian Brock Master
The warnings have been fixed and don't cause any problems.
Have you fixed the "RecursiveSearch"=true in
conf/jboss-service.xml
A known issue with the 3.2.1 release and answered many
times in this forum!
I have no idea what your last question means?
Regards,
Adrian
• 4. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
mattygiedt Newbie
Yes. My URLDeploymentScanner contains the following attribute:
True
So that's not the problem. I had JMS working with an MDB until trying to move to the JDBC PersistenceManager...
---------------------------------------------------
The last question, is in reference to your question in your first post back to me... I can't tell if its rhetorical or if you really don't know what the blob type should be for SQL Server 2K. (Seeing as you know everything, I figured rhetorical. My apologies if this is not the case.)
TIA,
-Matt
• 5. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
Adrian Brock Master
Go back in the log to where it started JMS, you should
see an exception saying why it cannot start.
For the last question, I have forgotton more than
I ever knew, which wasn't much when it came to SQLServer :-)
Regards,
Adrian
• 6. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
mattygiedt Newbie
Attached is the server.log file. Again, the first exception is trying to load the DLQHandler.
• 7. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
Adrian Brock Master
You have the MessageCache as an attribute on the PersistenceManager.
jdbc2 implements the cache store so the dependency should
be the other way around.
jboss.mq:service=PersistenceManager
Regards,
Adrian
• 8. Re: JMS PersistenceManager on SQLServer 2K
mattygiedt Newbie
The problem I was having was that my DestinationManager was dependent upon a StateManager, which wasn't present in the jbossmq-service.xml file.
Adding
<!-- This file is pulled from the configuration URL of the server -->
jbossmq-state.xml
fixed the problem.
I'm going to test my implementation using blob-type of NTEXT and will post a working SqlProperties for SQL Server 2000 when I'm confident that it works.
Thanks for the help.
-Matt | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Rheumatology and the role of physical therapy in relieving pain, Rheumatism is one of the most famous diseases that cause severe pain in the joints and after other parts and systems of the body. Specialist doctors describe rheumatic disease as a disease of the immune system that can affect all parts and different organs in the human body with rheumatic disease, Where the infection can cause some chronic inflammation in all the joints in the body as well as the connective tissues, especially, Which leads to the occurrence of some types of swelling and severe pain that possesses the affected person.
What is the cause of the body’s injury to rheumatism?
Where the rheumatic patient gets sick due to the defect in the immune system, because the immune system does not attack foreign bodies and bacteria and goes to fight the connective tissues in the joints of the human body. It can also affect the heart, leading to bone erosion due to the severity of infections and swellings that occur due to a defect in the immune system, as many abnormalities occur in the human body, especially the joints, In some cases, rheumatism causes physical disability and reduces the functioning of the patient’s organs and systems in a healthy and sound manner.
Health problems caused by rheumatism
There are many health problems that rheumatic patients suffer from, because rheumatism is one of the most dangerous and difficult injuries to which a person is exposed, because the injury changes and malfunctions in the functions of various organs in the human body, such as the function of the heart, where severe rheumatism affects the heart and its ability to perform Its function and also affect the respiratory system and the skin and affect the eyes and many other areas in the human body, because rheumatism is a systemic disease that affects all parts and organs of the body and does not affect a specific part of the body, and therefore it is one of the most dangerous diseases that a person is exposed to throughout his life Among the health problems that a rheumatic patient is exposed to are the following:
cartilage destruction
The destruction of cartilage is one of the problems that rheumatism patients suffer from, because the immune cells can attack the cartilage in the joints of the body and work to damage those cartilage, which leads to the erosion of the cartilage and thus the bones of the joints become attached without the presence of the cartilage barrier that withstands the shocks that the joints are exposed to and movement becomes very difficult This is because the bones of the joints slide over each other and the friction of the bones increases with each other, which leads to a feeling of severe pain in the bones and the emergence of infections and swellings that occur in the bones and in this case the joints become painful and unstable. other problems.
Therefore, it is necessary to go to the attending physician to identify and diagnose the disease in the first place to reduce the health problems facing the patient, as the patient can be treated for rheumatism, but at the beginning of the infection. Therefore, early diagnosis is one of the most important treatment methods that help to get rid of infection with one of the diseases and also helps Early detection in reducing joint inflammation and limiting its wear and damage, which helps to get rid of rheumatic joint disease, Where the disease affects the human body in the area of the hands and feet or the heel of the foot and affects the joints regularly on both sides and also can affect a number of other joints in the sick human body.
Rheumatology and the role of physical therapy in relieving pain
Studies and scientific research have proven that rheumatic disease does not have a fixed and specific treatment, but there are a group of medicines and exercises that are appropriate to the patient’s disease condition and help relieve pain caused by swelling and inflammation of the bones and joints. These medicines and healthy exercise help reduce the development of the disease and work on Stopping the effects resulting from infection with this disease, but the main role of chemical drugs and anti-inflammatories is to control the spread of the disease and reduce the development of infection and the negative impact that the disease has on the patient’s body. .
The role of physical therapy in relieving pain
Physiotherapy is considered an effective treatment in many sick cases and health problems, but in the case of rheumatism, the role of physiotherapy is limited to relieving pain and relieving pain, due to the absence of studies and research conducted on a number of cases affected by rheumatism, which proved that physiotherapy has an effective role in treating rheumatism. Therefore, the physiotherapist develops a set of exercises and daily activities that the patient must adhere to in order to relieve pain and limit the spread of the disease, in addition to devices that help reduce the pressures and effort that the joints and bones exchange in movement and walking, and the physiotherapist also adds more activities And the exercise plan and some necessary advice that the patient and the patient’s family must follow mainly in order to obtain the necessary result, stop the activity of the disease, and reduce the development of rheumatism in the patient’s body.
Physiotherapy An important role in the treatment of rheumatic patients, because early diagnosis helps to get rid of the disease, stop it and limit its spread. Physiotherapy helps in treating patients with spondyloarthritis. In this case, it is preferable for the patient to start early treatment as soon as possible in order to obtain a healthy result. Which is preferred by the patient and achieves the best possible therapeutic result in addition to his ability to maintain the movement of the joints and the patient’s ability to move and strengthen the muscles and nerves of the body, Physiotherapy can reduce the risk of joint deformities in general and also helps to strengthen the back and respiratory muscles. Exercise is of paramount importance that resists articular and muscular stiffness and also prevents its appearance. Therefore, the attending physician determines exercises that do not stress the joints of the body and cause pain to the patient.
Departments of drug therapy for rheumatic patients
But there are two different types of palliative treatments for rheumatic patients. These treatments include chemical drugs that help relieve pain. The disease must be diagnosed and the extent of its need for therapeutic analgesics that stop rheumatic activity and reduce pain. Different joints can be injected into the body, according to the focus of the disease and in the case of The disease is concentrated in a few joints of the body. Those joints are injected with cortisone. The cortisone injection period lasts for a long time in the patient’s body, which reduces the pain that the patient feels.
There are some other therapeutic medicines that relieve pain caused by rheumatism. They are also anti-inflammatory and swelling that occurs in the bones and joints due to rheumatism, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic drugs. Some studies have shown that antimalarials help treat rheumatism and help relieve pain and reduce the development of rheumatism in the patient’s body.
Communication and inquiries :
To inquire about medical clinics, physiotherapy and medical tourism | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Teva Says Clinical Programs Reinforce AJOVY Can Have For Patients Living With Migraine
(RTTNews) - Teva Pharmaceuticals USA Inc., a U.S. affiliate of Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. (TEVA), announced new data from clinical and real-world analyses examining the efficacy of AJOVY or fremanezumab-vfrm for the treatment of migraine. It will be presented at the American Headache Society (AHS) annual meeting, taking place virtually on June 3-6.
AJOVY data presentations span 11 posters and include a 12-month extension study from the HALO clinical program, which examines the long-term response of episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) patients treated with AJOVY.
The company noted that forty percent of migraine patients could benefit from preventive therapies, however only about 13 percent of these patients are currently on preventive treatment. It's important for patients and the healthcare community to know their treatment options in managing their disease. It is pleased to see the data presented at AHS is examining subgroups of patients who may experience fewer migraine days with AJOVY.
The company noted that the analyses and extension studies of landmark HALO and FOCUS clinical programs, evaluating AJOVY over the course of 15 months and the efficacy in patients who've failed prior treatments, reinforce the potential AJOVY can have for patients living with migraine.
AJOVY is the first and only long-acting anti-CGRP subcutaneous injection approved in the US for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults that offers both quarterly and monthly dosing options.
Both quarterly and monthly doses of fremanezumab exhibited clinically meaningful response in episodic migraine and chronic migraine, based on the reduction from baseline in MMD, the duration of this response, and the proportion of participants with response over up to 15 months.
The real-world study demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in anti-depressant prescription use for patients with comorbid depression and in anxiolytic prescription use for patients with comorbid anxiety. Among patients with comorbid HTN, no increases were observed in mean SBP and DBP levels with AJOVY treatment.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Phacelia phacelioides
Phacelia phacelioides, the Mt. Diablo phacelia, is a species of phacelia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from about 20 occurrences in the coastal mountain ranges of the inner San Francisco Bay Area, including Mount Diablo. It is a resident of chaparral and woodland habitat.
The Mt. Diablo phacelia, Phacelia phacelioides, is an annual herb growing an upright, mostly unbranched stem up to 20 centimeters long. It is coated in soft and stiff hairs. The leaves are up to 8 or 10 centimeters long with rounded or oval blades borne on petioles. The hairy inflorescence is a one-sided curving or coiling cyme of narrow bell-shaped flowers. Each flower is roughly half a centimeter long and white to lavender in color, sometimes with darker purple streaks. It is surrounded by a calyx of long, densely hairy sepals. | WIKI |
Page:Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, vol. 25.djvu/345
mere analogical resemblances give no assistance in determining systematic position, but rather tend to lead astray, as they have done in the genus in question. There is one point in which the fossil differs from the living plants, which must at once, if it can be established, separate them widely in systematic position. I refer to the absence of medullary rays in the vascular cylinder of Stigmaria. This cylinder is composed entirely of scalariform tissue pierced only by meshes for the passage from the inner surface of the cylinder of the vascular bundles that supply the rootlets.
It is important to remember that medullary rays are composed entirely of muriform cellular tissue, and keep up the connexion between the internal and external cellular structures — the pith and bark. Medullary rays are confined to and characteristic of exogenous stems. They break up the wood into innumerable fine meshes. But, besides these, there are in exogenous stems other and larger meshes for the passage outwards of the vascular bundles which supply the axial appendages — the leaves and branches. In some stems, as in Phytocrene, Tupa, Cycas, Euphorbia, Cactus, &c., from the size of the vascular bundles these meshes are very large ; but in ordinary trees those formed by the leaves early disappear, because, the leaves being deciduous and produced only on the younger portions of the tree, the vascular bundles supplying them are not continued through the whole woody cylinder. It is of the utmost importance to notice these two sets of horizontal radiating structures in the dicotyledonous stem — the one, entirely cellular, being the medullary ray, the other, vascular, being the vessels of the axial organs.
Among recent cryptogams the only plants which have anything like a continuous woody cylinder in their stems are the Ferns. In the Lycopodiaceoe and Equisetaceoe, as represented among living plants, the vascular bundles of the stem are symmetrically arranged in a large mass of parenchyma, and there is consequently no true separation between the cellular tissue of the medulla and that of the cortical layer. It is however different in many tree ferns, which are composed of a mass of parenchyma traversed by vascular bundles of scalariform tissue, which form a closed circle separating the medulla in the interior from the cortex of the exterior. The tissue of this vascular cylinder is entirely destitute of medullary rays ; but it is penetrated by large meshes, through which pass the vascular bundles that supply the fronds and invariably rise from the inner surface of the cylinder.
The trunk of the cryptogam differs from that of the dicotyledon, as regards the points in question, in having its vascular cylinder penetrated by only one kind of horizontal tissue, namely, the vascular bundles belonging to the fronds, while the exogenous stem has, be- sides, another horizontal tissue of a very different structure and performing a totally different function.
The woody cylinder of Stigmaria possesses only the vascular horizontal layer ; but from not distinguishing aright these two structures, this has been described as a medullary system. Where a medullary ray has been described in addition to the vascular system. | WIKI |
Arch Linux
Please read this before reporting a bug:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Reporting_Bug_Guidelines
Do NOT report bugs when a package is just outdated, or it is in Unsupported. Use the 'flag out of date' link on the package page, or the Mailing List.
REPEAT: Do NOT report bugs for outdated packages!
Tasklist
FS#64028 - [base] Remove compressors
Attached to Project: Arch Linux
Opened by Sébastien Luttringer (seblu) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 10:14 GMT
Last edited by Sébastien Luttringer (seblu) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 10:25 GMT
Task Type Bug Report
Category Packages: Core
Status Assigned
Assigned To No-one
Architecture All
Severity Low
Priority Normal
Reported Version
Due in Version Undecided
Due Date Undecided
Percent Complete 0%
Votes 2
Private No
Details
I suggest to remove compressors, they have to be pulled by deps by packages which require them.
This task depends upon
Comment by Eli Schwartz (eschwartz) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 13:46 GMT
They are tiny packages -- a hundred kilobytes here, a hundred kilobytes there -- which represent the "standard" compression algorithms. I don't see much point in removing them, and especially especially not removing gzip.
Anyway, it's not like a valid archlinux system can do without them as they are required by libarchive and therefore pacman.
Comment by Bruno Pagani (ArchangeGabriel) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 13:47 GMT
That’s not the point: if someday pacman stop using libarchive but directly e.g. zstd, then they won’t be required anymore.
To be on that `base` list, they should be required by themselves.
Comment by Eli Schwartz (eschwartz) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 14:32 GMT
Well, yes, that is sort of the point. gzip is pretty much considered the standard compressor, and it's exceedingly useful to not be rendered unable to use basic compressed files.
xz is quite standard in a linux-specific way, but I'd argue even bzip2 is sufficiently useful that you don't want to be rendered unable to even read some fairly common file distribution formats out of a desire to save 150 kilobytes. Hence "required for itself".
The fact that pacman requires them simply means that any desire to remove them from base must be based on ideological purity rather than an actual desire to remove it from minimal systems in practice.
Comment by Sébastien Luttringer (seblu) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 15:02 GMT
If by linux standard you mean LSB[1], gzip is inside but not bzip2 and xz.
Would be easier/simpler to rely on that standard, but the cost would be to pull command like lp (from cups), mailx (from s-nail) which are not really necessary nowadays and with a lot of dependencies.
[1] http://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/LSB_5.0.0/LSB-Common/LSB-Common/rcommands.html#TBL-CORECMD
Comment by Eli Schwartz (eschwartz) - Sunday, 06 October 2019, 15:25 GMT
I'm not referring to the LSB :p I'm referring to the somewhat more useful standard rule of thumb.
xz and gzip is what people in practice will overwhelmingly use when they want to compress files and move them around, depending on whether they care more about portability and CPU time, or bandwidth.
bzip is not overwhelmingly used, though -- it is merely technology that has been around since 1996 and been stable since 2000, available on most/all Linux systems, and therefore used by lots of people if not most people. (And also before xz came on the scene, it was *the* popular go-to for "better compression than gzip at the cost of a bit more processing time".) So there will still tend to be an awful lot of places where bzip2 is used, and it's valuable to be interoperable with that. But I could potentially hear the argument that it's not quite as important these days. (I still think 150KB is a very cheap price to pay for ensuring data portability.)
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North Macedonia Air Brigade
The North Macedonia Air Brigade (Воздухопловен ВИНГ) is the air warfare and air defense force of the Army of the Republic of North Macedonia.
History
The development of the Macedonian Air Brigade began in 1992.
The UTVA-66 and UTVA-75 were the first aircraft types to be introduced into the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces. Upon its creation, the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces operated one UTVA-66 and four UTVA-75 A21 two-seat trainers, all leased from the Macedonian Aeronautical Union (Makedonski Vozduhoploven Sojuz).
After full-scale conflict began in 1991 in the newly independent republics of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution, requesting an immediate UN arms embargo on Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Macedonia and Slovenia. This resolution was viewed by Macedonia as unfair, because Macedonia was the only one of the former Yugoslav Republics that had gained its independence as a state through peaceful means. In 1994, the Macedonian Air Force and Air Defence Forces acquired four biplanes built in the 1920s from Ukraine. Because of the arms embargo they were delivered to the Macedonian Air Force and Air Defence Forces with civil registrations. In 1996, the Security Council excluded Macedonia from the UN arms embargo. Shortly after this all four Mi-17 helicopters of the Macedonian Air Force and Air Defence Forces were painted in camouflage schemes and received military serial numbers.
Four Zlin 242L two-seat trainers were acquired from the Czech Republic in 1995. They are suitable for basic, aerobatic, navigation, instrument and night flying, for formation flying and combat maneuvers. One Zlin 242L was lost on April 7, 1999 when it crashed about 1 kilometer west of Mantovo Accumulation Lake, near Radoviš, with the pilot escaping with minor injuries.
In recent years, rumours have surfaced about possible fresh acquisitions by the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces. However, all of these rumours appeared either to be untrue or the acquisitions failed to materialise. The Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces will not take delivery of new build L-59, second-hand Turkish F-5, second-hand Bulgarian MiG-21bis and Mi-24D. The delivery of 16 ex-German Army Bo-105M helicopters will also not take place.
During the Kosovo crisis, the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces relocated all its aircraft to relatively safe locations, deep within Macedonian territory, from where it was actively involved in monitoring the troubled borders with Kosovo and Albania, as well as supplying a number of Kosovar Albanian refugee camps with food, water, and medical care.
After the withdrawal of Yugoslav Army from Kosovo and the deployment of KFOR in Kosovo, the UN began the process of disarming the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Beginning in spring 2000, Albanian insurgents launched a large scale of frontal assaults on police stations, checkpoints, and border outposts in southern Serbia and Macedonia. All of these events indicated that a large part of already disbanded KLA was still active in a form of two new liberation armies: The Liberation Army of Preshevo, Medvedja, Bujanovac in southern Serbia, and the National Liberation Army in Macedonia.
The crisis between ethnic Albanian insurgents and Macedonian government forces broke out in March 2001. During the fighting, the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces rapidly expanded itself through the delivery of an additional twenty aircraft. The first large-quantity delivery of new aircraft to the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces was made on March 23 with Ukraine donating four Mi-8MT combat helicopters, that served with Ukrainian contingent of KFOR on Kosovo, as well as an additional two Mi-24V Hind-E attack helicopters. The Greek government delivered two UH-1H Huey helicopters to the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces as well. On April 15, two more Mi-24 gunships were delivered followed by another shipment of four on June 15 and two on September 4. In June 2001, four Su-25 (three Su-25 and one Su-25UB) arrived from Ukraine, making them the first combat fighters for the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Force. In December 2001, the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Force received two Mi-24K Hind-G2 (photo-reconnaissance and artillery spotting version of Mi-24) helicopters from Ukraine.
On the dawn of 25 March, as a response to assaults by Albanian insurgents on the town of Tetovo in northern Macedonia, government security forces launched a full-scale offensive in order to neutralize and eliminate them. In this operation, Macedonian Security forces used Mi-17 transport helicopters and recently acquired Mi-8MT combat helicopters. This was the first time that Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Force aircraft were involved in combat operations. On June 23, one Su-25 took off from Petrovec Air base and conducted a reconnaissance over Arachinovo village where heavy fighting was underway. This was the first time in the history of Macedonia that a fixed wing Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces combat aircraft had operated from a Macedonian air base.
According to the Macedonian Ministry of Interior Affairs, Albanian insurgents in Macedonia were in possession of large stockpiles of anti-aircraft weapons that included a number of FIM-92 Stinger and Strela-2M (NATO: SA-7b Grail) man-portable, low-altitude SAM systems, 100+ anti-aircraft cannons and 500+ anti-aircraft heavy guns. Despite this large quantity of anti-aircraft weapons in the hands of the insurgents, no aircraft of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces was lost to ground fire. The only loss of an aircraft incurred by the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces was the crash of the Mi-17 helicopter on March 17, after the helicopter's rotor blade struck a flag pole during takeoff at a hotel in the Popova Shapka ski resort.
During the fighting, a number of rumors circulated about possible acquisitions by the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces. This included the reports that Macedonia was attempting to acquire six J-21 Jastreb ground attack aircraft from Yugoslavia and ten Pilatus Britten-Norman BN2T-4S Defender 4000 multi-sensor surveillance from an unnamed country. On a few occasions there were also reports that Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces was operating two Kamov Ka-50 Hokum close-support helicopters acquired from Russia. The Macedonian Ministry of Defence denied these reports. More questionable reporting arose in June when Macedonian media reported that the country was negotiating with Ukraine to buy six MiG-29 Fulcrum fighters. This was followed in early August by Greek media reports that Turkey was offering Macedonia a lease of two squadrons of F-16C/D Fighting Falcon fighter aircraft. Additional rumours circulated in early August when the Sunday Times reported that Macedonia was contemplating purchasing the Su-25 Scorpion, a new "retrofit" version of the Frogfoot, complete with Israeli avionics fitted in the former Soviet republic of Georgia.
As a part of succession of property and equipment of the former Yugoslav People's Army, on October 18, Yugoslavia offered Macedonia a litany of weapons and equipment that the country was ready to deliver to the Macedonian Army. According to initial Macedonian media reports, the country, among others, would receive four G-4 Super Galeb jets, one An-26 transport aircraft, one Yak-40 transport aircraft, cabinets for pilot training for the Macedonian Military Academy "General Mihailo Apostolski", and surface-to-air missile systems. As of today, there are no updates regarding the possibility of delivering Yugoslav weapons and equipment to Macedonia which raised doubts about the credibility of the reports.
In December 2001, a new organizational structure of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces was implemented. Until then, the Macedonian Air Force and Air Defence Forces Aviation Brigade (Avio Brigada) was organized in three squadrons: 101. AE, 101 Attack Fighter Squadron (101. Avijaciska Eskadrila), 201. POHE, 201 Anti Armour Helicopter Squadron (201. Protiv Oklopna Helikopterska Eskadrila) and 301. TRHE, 301 Transport Helicopter Squadron (301. Transportna Helikopterska Eskadrila). With the latest changes in the organization of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces, Aviation Brigade (Avio Brigada) became Airborne Battalion (Avio Bataljon), and Squadron (Eskadrila) became Company (Cheta), and AE became 101. ACh, 101 Aviation Company (101. Avijaciska Cheta), 201. POHE became 201. POHCh, 201 Anti Armour Helicopter Company (201. Protiv Oklopna Helikopterska Cheta) and 301. TRHE became 301. TRHCh, 301 Transport Helicopter Company (301. Transportna Helikopterska Cheta). As part of this reorganization of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces, new companies were also established. Named as 401. ShTCh, 401 Training Company (401, Shkolsko Trenazna Cheta), this company now operates four Zlin 242Ls, a single Zlin 143L and two UH-1Hs. Before coming part of the 401. ShTCh, the four original Zlin 242L two-seat trainers were part of the 101. AE and UH-1H helicopters were part of the 301. TRHE. In 2003 a four-seat Zlin 143L and one more two-seat Zlin 242L were acquired from the Macedonian Authority for Civil Aeronautical Transport and Traffic. Training on the new Zlins will start early 2004 when the original three Zlin 242s will go to Moravan Aeroplanes in the Czech Republic for overhaul.
The Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defense Forces elite 501st Special Parachute Detachment (501. Padobransko Diverzantski Odred) or "501. PDO" called "Falcons" (Sokoli) was officially revealed during a military exercise that took place at the Cojlija military range, near Petrovec Air Base, on May 28, 2002.
The exercise activities of 501 Special Parachute Detachment" The "Falcons" encompassed a technical presentation of the equipment and the weaponry, combat search and rescue (CSAR) of pilots in hostile territory with a tactical operation called "Small Diamond. The 501 Special Parachute Detachment" The "Falcons" also demonstrated the capability of directing Macedonian Air Warfare aircraft and cannon/rocket artillery fire towards enemy positions as a Joint Operations Terminal Attack Control (JOTAC) Team, marksmanship skills from Mi-8MT and Mi-24V helicopters, parachute jumps using static line and high-altitude low-opening (HALO) parachutes, and concluding with a simulated raid and capture of air base facilities.
The 501. PDO is under the command of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Force and its main task is search and rescue, medical evacuation of downed aircrew, and pathfinding for follow on air mobile and vehicle mounted forces. In the event of a natural disaster, its objective is to assist the civilian population. Members of the 501. PDO are all experienced professional soldiers who have participated in missions involving NATO and Partnership for Peace member states. According to Major Goran Grujevski, the 501.PDO aim is to become the most elite unit of the Macedonian Army.
The creation of 501. PDO has resulted in the need for equipping the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces with transport aircraft. Macedonian media reported that the Macedonian government, on its session held on April 2, 2002, decided to refuse the initiative for buying one An-74 Coaler transport aircraft from Ukraine for a price of approximately US$6 million. In December 2002 the Russian government proposed to pay off some old debts to Yugoslavia that were inherited by Macedonia with a transport aircraft (An-74?). Because of uncertainty regarding Macedonian acquisition of An-74, Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces acquired one An-2 transport aircraft from Macedonian aviation club "Kumanovo" in 2003. The An-2 will be used for parachute training of the 501. PDO until a new An-74 or other transport aircraft becomes part of the Macedonian Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces. 501. PDO uses Mi-24V, Mi-8MT, An-2R, and sometimes UH-1H aircraft
North Macedonia was one of nine Central and Eastern European countries that are actively seeking membership in NATO. In a desire to meet all obligations for full integration and membership in NATO, North Macedonia equipped its Air Warfare and Air Defence Forces with fighters and helicopters with NATO compatible communication systems. For better protection of its borders with Kosovo and Albania, especially at night, North Macedonia plans to equip a few Air Force and Air Defence Forces helicopters with FLIR equipment. Priority in acquisitions for the North Macedonia Air Brigade and Air Defence Forces in the future will be equipping utility helicopters. The four Su-25 Frogfoots were withdrawn from use in 2004. North Macedonia has no intention of operating jet fighters in the future and will depend on its NATO allies for air cover.
Retired
North Macedonia purchased four Sukhoi Su-25 close air support jets in 2001 during the Albanian insurgency. Of the four, three were one-seat models from Ukraine, while the last was a two-seat model from Belarus (but sold via Ukraine). These aircraft were out of service by 2004 and left outside in non-flyable condition at Skopje International Airport for several years. The aircraft were donated to Ukraine in 2022 during the Russian invasion of the country.
North Macedonia purchased twelve Mil Mi-24 attack helicopters in 2001, probably all where retired and donated to Ukraine by 2024.
Utva-75 trainers were once on loan from the local aeroclubs, all where retired by 2000.
Two UH-1H/D Hueys were donated by Greece in 2001 and retired by 2009. | WIKI |
High-speed rail in Iran
High-speed rail in Iran may refer to:
* Arak-Qom High Speed Rail
* Tehran–Qom–Isfahan High Speed Rail
* Tehran–Mashhad High Speed Rail | WIKI |
Read more
stress
How Stress Affects the Whole Body
Stress manifests so differently for each individual and we all perceive stress in our own unique way. Occasional worry and situational stress is a normal human experience; it's when worry becomes self-perpetuating and uncontrollable that issues start to arise!
When we are challenged and overwhelmed we feel stressed - it is more than just an emotion. There are a plethora of biochemical reactions taking place when we perceive, sense and feel stress.
Stress and Heart Disease
Stress is advantageous, but when activated for too long or too often your primitive fight-or-flight response not only alters your brain chemistry but also damages other organs and cells. In response to a stressor, the adrenal glands release the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine. As these hormones surge through your bloodstream at a rapid rate, they travel to your heart. Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and can make you feel jittery and out of sorts. These hormones also raise your blood pressure, which over time can lead to hypertension.
Diabetes
Cortisol can also cause the endothelium or inner lining of blood vessels to function abnormally. Research has found that this is an early step in triggering the process of atherosclerosis also known as cholesterol plaque buildup in your arteries! Adrenaline also increases blood glucose for the necessary burst of energy you need to fight or flee. Considering the link between high cortisol and blood sugar dysregulation, glucose can stay elevated, predisposing a person to type 2 diabetes. Thanks, but no thanks, to all of the above!
IBS and Gut Problems
When your brain senses stress alarm bells sound activating your autonomic nervous system. Through this network of nerve connections, your main brain communicates stress to your enteric or intestinal brain and nervous system. Aside from causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can disturb the natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut leading to irritable bowel syndrome and can increase your gut's sensitivity to acid, making you more likely to feel heartburn. Via the gut's nervous system, stress can also change the composition and function of your gut bacteria which, as we know, not only affects our digestive health but our overall health, too! It may well be the case that it is not always so important whether the state of stress is reported by the gut or the brain. Both organs are able to use the nervous system and messenger substances in the blood to stimulate the adrenal glands. Yes, your body is that sophisticated, although not exactly the fireworks you want to bring to the party every day!
Stress Can Cause Weight Gain?
As if things weren't already bad enough, stress can also make you gain weight! Seriously?! Here's how. Stress of any kind affects our insulin and cortisol, and when they're not happy they store weight as a protective mechanism! Cortisol affects your appetite - it tells your body to replenish your energy stores with energy-dense foods such as carbohydrates and sugar causing you to crave more of these comfort foods. Sure these guys comfort you in the short term, but in the long term not so much because when you're trying with all your might to burn them off at the gym you won't be having comforting thoughts! High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on fat as visceral fat, the worst kind of all! This type of fat doesn't just make it hard for you to button your pants, it is an organ that actively releases hormones and immune-based chemicals called cytokines that can increase your risk of developing chronic diseases!
Stress, Immunity, and Toxicity
Stress affects immune cells in a myriad of ways. Initially, they help to fight invaders and heal after injury, however chronic stress can dampen the function of some immune cells making the body more susceptible to infections and slow the rate at which you heal. Stress also increases your pH making it more acidic, which in turn creates more waste and toxins for your body to deal with. While your nervous system is essentially governing what is going on in the body as it prepares to fight off the big scary monster or run away from said monster, your liver and kidneys cannot work efficiently to filter the blood and remove wastes and toxins. Your blood supply has been hijacked by your extremities in an effort to survive. Now, with an abundance of waste and toxins circulating in the body, this places further stress on the body to eliminate them - there really is no escape!
The Remedy
No matter how nice our lives may be, we will all have stressors from time to time. Those who tend to react to such catastrophes by dwelling on their problems will find that our modern world has plenty of quirks and problems to weigh you down! If we engage in it enough, dwelling over problems that we cannot control or change can result in feelings of stress. It becomes increasingly difficult to see anything beyond our own problems, in turn, creating more stress. And before you know it you're caught up in a vicious cycle!
Want to have a long, happy existence? You have to curb your chronic stress! Life will always be filled with stressful situations, but what matters most to your brain and the rest of your body is how you respond to that stress! If you can view challenges that present as obstacles you can overcome and master, rather than threats that pose a life-or-death situation, you will not only stay sane in the short term but you will be much healthier in the long term, too!
References
• Haddad J, Saade N et al 2002 Cytokines and neuro-immune endocrine interaction: a role for the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal revolving axis, Journal of Neuroimmunology, vol.133, pp.1-9
• Hechtmann L 2012 Clinical Naturopathic Medicine, Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier
• Miller D, O’Callaghan J 2002 Neuroendocrine aspects of the response to stress, Metabolism : Clinical and Experimental, vol.51, pp. 5-10
• Lam J et al 2018 Greater Lifetime Stress Exposure Predicts Blunted Cortisol but Heightened DHEA Responses to Acute Stress, Stress Health, pp.2835
• Sarris, J Wardle, J 2010 Clinical Naturopathy - An evidence-based guide to practice, Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone
• Schneiderman N, Ironson G and Siegel S 2005 Stress and Health : Psychological, Behavioural and Biological Determinants, Annual Review Clinical Psychology, pp.607-628
• Vanitallie T 2005 Stress: a risk factor for serious illness, Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, vol. 51, pp.40-45
• Vitetta L et al 2005 Mind-body Medicine: stress and its impact on overall health and longevity, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1057, pp. 492-505 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jenna Russell
Jenna Russell (born 5 October 1967) is an English actress and singer. She has appeared on the stage in London in both musicals and dramas, as well as appearing with the Royal Shakespeare Company. She performed the role of Dot in Sunday in the Park with George in the West End and on Broadway, receiving the Tony Award nomination and the 2006 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her role. She has also appeared in several television series, including Born and Bred and EastEnders.
Life and career
Russell was born in London, grew up in Dundee, and attended the Sylvia Young Theatre School. She has said she had a "tricky childhood".
In 1985, Russell appeared as Matthew's girlfriend Christine in the ITV comedy Home to Roost.
Russell also sang the theme tune to the BBC sitcom, Red Dwarf, with her version of the song being used in all series of the show. Russell began her career as an understudy for Eponine and Fantine and later took over Fantine in Les Misérables and performed with the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC) for the first portion of her career. Plays there included The Beggar's Opera as Lucy Lockit in April 1992 and again in April 1993 at the Barbican Centre. She also appeared in the RSC production of Alan Ayckbourn's Wildest Dreams at the Barbican in December 1993.
From 1990 to 1992 she played one of the lead characters, Maggie Lomax, in primetime BBC TV comedy On the Up.
She performed in three shows at The Bridewell Theatre: On a Clear Day You Can See Forever as Daisy (January 2000), Hello Again (March 2001) and a concert, The Cutting Edge in June 2000. Other stage work includes Samantha Lord in High Society at Sheffield Crucible, Young Sally in Follies at the Shaftesbury Theatre in 1987, Bertrande in Martin Guerre at the West End's Prince Edward theatre (1998), Felicity in Landslide at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds, and Three Sisters at the Royal Court.
She left the cast of Songs for a New World during rehearsal to play Deborah Gilder in the television series Born and Bred in 2002 through 2005.
In 2005 she appeared as the Floor Manager in the Doctor Who episodes "Bad Wolf" and "The Parting of the Ways". Also in 2005, she played the lead role of Sarah Brown in the West End production of Guys and Dolls opposite (at various times) Ewan McGregor, Nigel Harman, Sarah Lancashire, Jane Krakowski and Nigel Lindsay. She received a nomination for the 2006 Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for this role. In 2006, she took over from Anna-Jane Casey as Dot/Marie in the London revival of Sunday in the Park with George, by Stephen Sondheim for which she won the 2007 Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical.
She subsequently played Amy alongside Felicity Kendal in the West End revival of the play Amy's View in 2006. In 2008, Russell reprised her role as Dot in the Broadway transfer of Sunday in the Park with George. The production opened on 21 February 2008 and ran until 29 June 2008 at Studio 54. Russell won the Theatre World Award and received Drama Desk Award and Tony Award nominations for Best Actress in a Musical, losing to Patti LuPone.
In 2009 she appeared in the inaugural episode of the resurrected TV series Minder as Petra.
Russell has appeared in Into the Woods twice. For the Donmar Warehouse production in 1998, she played Cinderella. For the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre in 2010, she played the role of the Baker's Wife.
In August 2012, Russell took to the London stage again at the Soho Theatre in Soho Cinders. She then played the role of Mary in Stephen Sondheim's Merrily We Roll Along at the Harold Pinter Theatre in London's West End, following a run at the Menier Chocolate Factory.
From February 2014 she appeared as Penelope Pennywise in the London production of Urinetown: The Musical at the St. James Theatre. She reprises the role for the West End production at the Apollo Theatre from September 2014.
In January 2016 she starred with Sheila Hancock in the first UK production of Grey Gardens at The Southwark Playhouse to sell-out audiences.
In December 2016 she took over from previous actress Susan Tully in the role of Michelle Fowler in BBC One soap-opera EastEnders. In 2018 Russell decided to leave EastEnders to pursue other work. Her last appearance aired on Tuesday 17 April 2018.
In September 2022, Russell led the cast in Alan Ayckbourn's Woman in Mind at Chichester Festival Theatre.
Personal life
Russell is the partner of actor Ray Coulthard, and they are the parents of a girl. Russell revealed that she was in the early stages of her pregnancy when she appeared in Sunday in the Park with George on Broadway. | WIKI |
Naked ambition on Capitol Hill
Washington, D.C. By Jonathan Ernst Police were shutting down intersections. Tensions were high as I begged an officer to let me down a back alley to a secret parking lot I know about – this is Capitol Hill, but it's also my home. I found my way to the church's back lot, threw open my trunk, grabbed a pair of bodies and lenses and made sure I had a few memory cards. The U.S. Capitol was a blur on my right behind the pulsing lights of police cruisers as I hustled over to Pennsylvania Avenue. In the tony northwest quadrant of the city, the White House is this street's most important landmark, but here in the gritty Southeast is where the real city rubs up against the federal government. It was brisk, and the wind was really blowing through the breaks in the buildings around me. I was excited. My blood was pumping. This is the city where important people do important things. A city of naked ambition, exposed agendas, bold truths and bald lies. This is the city built on Jefferson, Lincoln, Roosevelt and, well, Washington. I could see the four of them up ahead me, in fact. In their boxer shorts. Surrounded by mostly naked people. Who had been drinking. Which is also, if you dig up a collection of the city's more sordid headlines, pretty much par for the course. The four ex-presidents, the Washington Nationals baseball mascots known as the Rushmores, had joined about 1,000 runners in their skivvies as they poured out of bars and taverns to start Cupid's Undie Run, an annual charity event to raise money for the Children's Tumor Foundation. Co-founder Bobby Gill corralled runners with a bullhorn, wearing a bright red top hat, bright (and tight) red I'm with Cupid briefs and nothing else. He told me they had filled all 1,000 slots for this year's run in Washington, and since starting the event in 2010, have already expanded to 18 cities. Runners across the country raised over $1 million on Saturday, Gill told the cheering crowd. A modest few wore their underwear over running clothes, but apparently it didn't take an act of congress to get the rest of them into bikini briefs, bras, panties, lacy things, and other assorted unmentionables – most in Valentine's Day shades of red and pink. They took off at a very modest pace, past the venerable Library of Congress, north to the Supreme Court, which, ironically, is not naked these days, but covered with a construction tarp. There were many stops along the way for runners to take snapshots in front of the Capitol dome as they passed it on the way out and back on the 1.5-mile (2.4 km) route. This is a neighborhood where serious breaches of decorum can get you indicted, disbarred, censured, recalled or even impeached. But on this day, for these cheeky Capitol Hill mischief-makers, they bypassed the usual tearful press conferences and simply retired at the end of their term. All were re-admitted to the bar. We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/ | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Cookbook:Nigerian Cheesy Sausage Masa
| Cuisine of Nigeria Cheesy sausage masa is a variety of Nigerian masa. It is very easy to make in no time and can be served with any fruit juice. The sausage is a great source of vitamins and minerals, and cheese is a source of protein and fat.
Ingredients
* Sausage
* Cheese
* Nigerian rice masa batter
Special equipment
* Masa pan
Batter
* 1) Cut the sausage into small, evenly-sized pieces. Do the same for the cheese.
* 2) Mix the sausage and cheese pieces with the masa batter.
* 3) Cook the masa using either the oven or stove method below.
Cooking – Oven method
* 1) Grease the masa pan.
* 2) Fill each divot to the brim with the batter.
* 3) Bake in a preheated oven until puffed, golden, and cooked through.
* 4) Serve hot.
Cooking – Stove method
* 1) Heat the masa pan on the stovetop.
* 2) Add some oil to each divot, and let it get hot.
* 3) Fill each divot to the brim with batter.
* 4) Cook on one side until golden brown.
* 5) Flip the masa over, and cook on the other side until golden brown and cooked through.
* 6) Serve hot.
Notes, tips, and variations
* For this recipe, you will need a masa pan, which is a specialized pan with divots in it used to cook the masa. | WIKI |
User:Suagger13/Sandbox
branches of biomechanics
statics dynamics kinematics kinetics
[]
Biomechanics Biomechanics is the science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces.
The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms. |15875|texas+colleges||S|b|16326924589 WGU Texas offers this program for students.
sports biomechanics
Sports biomechanics sets out to generate knowledge to improve human performance and reduce the incidence of injury, and to communicate this knowledge to scientists, coaches, clinicians, teachers, and participants. The target performance realms include not only the conventional areas of sports and exercise, but also fundamental motor skills and other highly specialized human movements such as dance (both sport and artistic).
plant biomechanics
Plant biomechanics The application of biomechanical principles to plants and plant's organs has developed into the subfield of plant biomechanics.
Biotribology
BiotribologyThe main aspects of tribology are related with friction, wear and also lubrication.
Suagger13 (talk) 14:51, 21 October 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency
Bhagalpur (Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 40 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Bhagalpur in Bihar state in eastern India.
Vidhan Sabha segments
Presently, Bhagalpur Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following six Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments:
Members of Lok Sabha
The following is the list of the Members of Parliament elected from this Lok Sabha constituency
^ by-poll
1957 election
* Banarshi Prasad Jhunjhunwala (INC) : 93,315 votes
* Chhabinath Singh (CPI) : 43,876 | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 45 Part 1.djvu/1785
xxxiv INDEX. Bubonic PltJtnu, 1'.. .. appropriation for prevention of epi- deuUc ____________________ 17~ 1040 BucTefllGlUr N «Te, M ... pier aDd wharf in the DeeI' Island thoroughfare at, leaUleeL_____ 764 Bvdqd Burfl4u (... Bureau of the Budpt). Buell, W. B ., time extended for bridgin« Pori Waah- =~. TarmstroBot (talk)_~_::TarmstroBot (talk) 1159 Buena ViIto, Va., deficiency appropriation for publlc . buRciiriC at___________________ 1656 Buffalo! W!fO., deficiency appropriation for public buildirig at.__________________ 32 BWal, 1tlu.ho, patent to, for publio dumping groun~, of land8 deeded to the Unitec1 States by State of Idaho_______ 644 BuAma~ CANt etc., may brid«e Ml.;i;dppl River, at Alma, WlB. 289 Buildi1l(l afllii.;;;';'-A~:M~ exempt from fnoome tax_____________ 812 Buildift(1 A~, D. C., shareiJ of &took issued by, in the names of two or more persoDS, or either of them the interest, etc., may be paid ~ either person, whether the other living or not_________ 533 asaoclatlon released on such payment 533 Buildift(1 lfUlpection ~, D. C., appropriation for salaries _________ 645,1263 Buildift(1 MateriGla, etc., appropriation for investigations etc__ 91, 1121 for investigating fire resisting prop- erties, etc.J.Of-- 91,1122 Buildi"9" F~ l5mrice, . appropriation for acquisition of, in foreign countries. __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 69,1100 Bulgaria, appropriation for minJster to_______ 65, 1096 Bullard, John R., name placed on yellow fever honor roll and presented gold medal______ 1409 to receive $125 monthly_____________ 1410 Bullion and Coin appropriation lor transportation of, be- tween mints and assay offices_ 175,1041 Buogage, etc., appropriation for_________________ 95,1125 Burch1 _Md., briage authorized across Patuxent River, near__________________ 1490 Bur64u, Children', (lee Children's Bureau, ~entofLabo~. Bur64U, Customs Ta.riff, (1188 International Customs Tariffs Bureau). Bureau, Federal Form Loan (lee Federal . Farm Loan Bureau, Treasury Department). B_u fur Protection of IndUlltrial Prop- my, lnUmational (lee Inter- national Bureau for Protection of Industrial Property). Bur64u, lnUmational Trade MarTe (lee International Trade Mark Reg- istration Bureau). Bureau 0/ AecoumsJ. POItaZ SBrfJice (,ee Accounts Hureau, Post Office Department) . Buf'IIIJU of Aeronautics, Na1J1/, . 1'.... appropriation for aviation expenses_ 636, 1465 for aircraft factory, air atations, catapults, helium, etc______ 636,1465 for developing types, etc., employfn(( scientists, etc_____________ ~ 637,1463 for new construction, equlpment, etc_ 1~ paybig incurred obligations___ 637, 1465 construction of rigid airship ___ 637, 1465 contracts for new airplanes, etc_ 637,1465 shore atations limited________ 637,1465 use for airplane factory forbidden_ 63 .!,! 1400 adjusting, etc., claims for dam- ages, to private property not exceeding $250, report to Con- ~- 637,1465 for Civilian personnel, Navy Depart- IOent _____________________ 642,1470 deficiency appropriation for, field serv- 01:00, 25 September 2010 (UTC)_~__01:00, 25 September 2010 (UTC)TarmstroBot (talk) 1648 Bureau oj AgrWultural EconomiCII (IIU Agrioultural Economics Bureau, Department of Agriculture). Bureau oJ BiologicolSun61/ (,ee Biological BurveYt Department of Agri- culture). B_u oj Chemiatry and Soils (lee Chem- istry and 80ila Bureau, De- partment of Agriculture). Bureau Of COfUItf'Udion and Repair, Ntw1/, appropriation for construction and re- pair of vessels ____________ 629,1458 Intermittent employment of tech- nion, etc________________ 630,1458 equipment supplies___________ 630, 1458 clerical, etc., services_________ 630, 1458 for civilian personnel, Navy De- partment_________________ 642, 1470 for construction of vessels heretofore authorized________________ 640,1468 amount for construction of the second of five light cruisers____ 1468 deficiency appropriation for construc- tion and repair _______ 24,42,47,1618 for field service, increased compensa- tion, 1929____________________ 1648 Bureau of CUIItom3 (,ee Customs Bureau, Treasury Department). Bureau of CUIItom3 Tariff' (see Interna- tional Bureau for Publication of Customs Tariffs). Bureau oj Education (lee Education Bu- reau, Interior Department). Bureau of Eflicimc1I (lee Efficiency Bureau). Bureau of Engineering, N tw1/, appropriation for machinery repairs, etc_______________________ 629, 1457 coast signal service___________ 629,1457 equipment supplies___________ 629, 1457 intermittent employment of tech- nioist&, etc ________________ 629,1457 new tools and machinery _________ 1457 clerical, etc., services _________ 629,1457 for engineering experimental station_ 629, 1458 for civilian personnel, Navy Depart- IOent _____________________ 642 1470 for additional employees___________ 642 for machinery of vessels heretofore authon.ed________________ 640,1468
� | WIKI |
Moyamoya Center
Moyamoya Angiopathy
Is a neurological disorder in which the major arteries of the brain progressively narrow and disappear over time. Nature tries to compensate for the impaired circulation by forming compensatory vessels deep in the brain. Japanese neurosurgeons J. Takeuchi and K. Shimizu, who first described the disease in 1957, named it Moyamoya which means small clouds or puff of smoke in Japanese describing this compensatory vessel formation seen typically at the base of the skull, deep in the brain.
moyamoya research
Moyamoya Angiopathy
In Nippon, around three in every 100,000 inhabitants suffer from Moyamoya. These include a remarkable number of five-year-old children and adults around forty years of age. In Europe only one tenth of the number of patients have been documented, although recent to-date epidemiological surveys are unfortunately lacking. This is attributable to the fact that Moyamoya is still largely unknown in the Western world. It still remains unappreciated and un- or misdiagnosed. The consequence of this lack of awareness therefore results in lost time during which period those affected suffer from repeated strokes leading to severe neurological (sensorimotor, speech, visual deficits, mental retardation) deficits, progressive physical disabilities and at times even death. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Albert Hyman
Albert Salisbury Hyman (1893 - 1972), a Harvard-trained New York cardiologist, together with his brother Charles, constructed in 1930-1932 an electro-mechanical device which was one of the earliest artificial pacemakers. The device was, reportedly, tested on experiment animals and at least one human patient.
The first artificial pacemaker was invented by Australian anaesthesiologist Dr Mark C Lidwell, and was used by him to resuscitate a newborn baby at the Crown Street Women's Hospital, Sydney, in 1926. However it was Hyman who used and popularised the term "artificial pacemaker", which remains in use to this day.
Lidwell did not patent his invention and chose to remain anonymous for many years to avoid public controversy, and Hyman's machine did not gain general acceptance from the medical community, which opposed him in his attempts to popularise the use of his version of the invention. | WIKI |
James K. Bredar
James Kelleher Bredar (born February 6, 1957) is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. He previously served as a United States magistrate judge of the same court.
Early life and education
Bredar was born on February 6, 1957, in Omaha, Nebraska and he was raised in Denver, Colorado, where he attended parochial and public schools. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1979 from Harvard College and a Juris Doctor degree in 1982 from the Georgetown University Law Center. From 1981 until 1982 he was a Visiting Student at the Yale Law School.
Career
Bredar clerked for Judge Richard P. Matsch of the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. He then served as a deputy district attorney in Moffat County, Colorado, from 1984 to 1985, and as an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Colorado from 1985 to 1989. He later served as an assistant federal public defender in the District of Colorado from 1989 to 1991. During 1991 and 1992, Bredar served as a project director for the Vera Institute of Justice, a research organization based in New York. Bredar served in London, England. Bredar served as the federal public defender for the District of Maryland from 1992 to 1998.
Federal judicial service
Bredar served as a United States magistrate judge from January 26, 1998, to December 17, 2010.
On April 21, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated Bredar to be a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. His nomination was confirmed in the Senate by unanimous consent on December 16, 2010. He received his commission on December 17, 2010, and was sworn in on December 22, 2010. He served as chief judge from October 6, 2017 to April 30, 2024. Bredar assumed senior status on April 30, 2024.
Notable cases
In April 2017, Bredar approved a consent decree signed by the Mayor of Baltimore; the Baltimore Police Department; and the U.S. Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division. The consent decree called for major reforms within the police department. Negotiation of the decree had followed an investigation by the Department of Justice of the police department, as requested by the city in 2015. Bredar denied a request by then-recently appointed Attorney General Jeff Sessions to postpone signing for thirty days in order to give the new administration time to review the decree; Bredar said the Court was satisfied with the decree and that it was time to get the changes underway.
Bredar was one of three judges assigned to a case captioned Benisek v. Lamone, No. 1:13-cv-03233-JKB (D. Md.). The case challenged Maryland's 2011 congressional redistricting map, and specifically Maryland's 6th congressional district, as an unconstitutional partisan gerrymander. The district court entered summary judgment in Plaintiffs' favor in late 2018, and the State sought review by the Supreme Court of the United States. The case was consolidated with Rucho v. Common Cause, a case that challenged the North Carolina congressional map as a partisan gerrymander. In a 5–4 decision issued in June 2019, the Supreme Court held that partisan gerrymandering claims present nonjusticiable political questions. Justice Kagan, dissenting, observed that "[f]or the first time ever, th[e] Court refuses to remedy a constitutional violation because it thinks the task beyond judicial capabilities."
In an opinion at an earlier stage in the Benisek proceedings, Bredar had noted that "[p]artisan gerrymandering is noxious, a cancer on our democracy." | WIKI |
Tag Info
Hot answers tagged
18
Yes, It is possible to download the Bootcamp drivers outside of the Bootcamp tool: UPDATE : Apple have published a table of 'which download you need for which model' at http://support.apple.com/kb/HT5634 For WinXP, see robmathers' answer. The hard way, taken from http://www.cafe-encounter.net/p682/download-bootcamp-drivers is, I think, no longer ...
9
First of all, connect the adapter and reboot. In many cases, it will solve the problem. You need to reboot because the adapter is not hot-pluggable. For the same reason, if you remove and re-insert the adapter, it won't work until you reboot. If you still have difficulties, I've found driver information while looking at the Thunderbolt to Gigabit Ethernet ...
7
To expand on what CajunLuke said about changing the configuration on a per app basis. If you have Logitech Control Center for OS X installed you can use Advanced click settings for just VMFusion using the following steps. System Settings > Control Center Click the Plus button next to the global settings drop down and navigate to VMFusion and click ...
6
Try this: Apple DL1443: Boot Camp Software Update 3.3 for Windows. It's called an update, but I suspect it doesn't require any pre-existing installed drivers. That said, it's probably worth your while to keep a minimal OS X install, even if it's just on a spare external drive (you could probably get away with a 16 GB USB drive even). It gives you a good ...
4
I've fixed this my using Fusion's "Key Mappings" feature. CajunLuke is correct: Windows was receiving "Win+Left" and "Win+Right", I simply re-mapped "Cmd+Left" to "Alt+Left" and "Cmd+Right" to "Alt+Right", and Explorer et al. seem to work correctly now.
3
Since you didn't mention you had a backup of the system or if you are equipped to troubleshoot a driver issue, you should probably not update things unless you have a problem. Apple vets the drivers it provides to be sure they work well with Mac hardware - so although you are free to update drivers, you are skipping that vetting process. Unless the driver ...
3
The first place you'll most probably want to look at is the Print & Scan option within System Preferences. There you'll see a list of all printers that you have installed. You can optionally uninstall each of them by clicking on the minus '-' at the bottom of the list. Also, if you are troubleshooting printer issues, you might want to try ...
3
Your wife has excellent taste in input devices. I use the same trackball daily, and if I can't also find a solid Lion solution, I'll be heartbroken (not to mention much less productive). History: Kensington shipped four models of this type. The Expert and Turbo versions had slightly different coloring, and each came in wired and wireless versions. ...
3
Use Better touch tool. Freeware. You can assign macros to any button with this wonderful tool.
3
If it was easy to find all of the system items associated with an application, Migration Assistant would've done it for you; generally, if it can't figure it out, the easiest solution is to reinstall the software that didn't come over cleanly. There is an alternative, however: clone the entire volume with something like Carbon Copy Cloner. This'll get all ...
2
Found a quicker answer for myself... I figured out that only the URL to the pkg is HTTP. So I just start the download with Wireshark capture active, and use the "follow TCP stream" option to get the URL when I see an IP address show up lots of times during the download. Add host and URL together and you have your Mac's specific URL.
2
According to the official Boot Camp support page: http://support.apple.com/kb/DL1638 Boot Camp 5 adds support for Windows 8 (64-bit) and the new drivers support both Windows 7 (64-bit) and Windows 8 (64-bit). Unfortunately, Boot Camp 5 doesn’t support 32-bit Windows 7 and Windows 8. So, Mac users have no option but to install 64-bit Windows using Boot ...
2
Apple does not support this officially, but I've used the windows 7 one and installed Windows 8 without any problem. I can start my Windows bootcamp without any issue and Windows 8 runs like a charm.
2
Mac OS X home and end keys do not function the same way as they do on other systems. On Mac, the Home and End keys go to the top and bottom of a document, instead of to the beginning or end of a line. Check out this Lifehacker article which shows how to remap the functionality of the home and end keys to make them perform like they do on other ...
2
That happens with Canon but also with HP printers as far i know Your printer is not from this world! :) What I mean by that it is not supported on USA sites. But the good news is it is supported on Asian sites. So go here and get your driver. ...
2
I haven't tried it myself, but I've heard good things about USB Overdrive. While the name of the utility implies that it's USB-only, it also works for devices connected via Bluetooth. Another possible option is SteerMouse.
2
Possible? Yes. Available? Not yet. There have been plenty of reports of people using the Kinect with OSX but no one as of yet has release any definitive software package that allows for gestures to be used. Most people don't seem to be releasing their software. Check out this video: http://www.kinecteducation.com/blog/2011/04/20/kinect-controls-mac-os-x/ ...
2
No, because of completely different executable-architectures. Only if you're willing to recompile them for OSX and they're Darwin based.
2
There is a list of such cards on Low End Mac up to 10.4 But I believe better way would be just to go to ebay for native Airport Extreme if your particular model is aluminum one. If it is Titanium then CardBus is the way to go since original Airport 802.11b cards are rare, pricier and don't support WPA2. P.S. And I wouldn't recommend 10.5 on Titanium ...
2
It seems like VMware is sending the buttons to Windows as Win-← and Win-→. Go to VMware's preferences (as opposed to the individual VM's settings) -> Keyboard & Mouse toolbar tab -> Mouse Shortcuts tab. You may be able to modify the settings in there. Alternatively, you may be able to change the keypress generated by the mouse button in OS X on a ...
2
This article over on the Apple KB has links to some driver/software updates for Windows 7, but the drivers are from Bootcamp 3.2 This is the direct link to the Bootcamp drivers for x64. Even though you are not running a Mac, the Bootcamp drivers will install regardless. Bootcamp 4 is however available for download (for OSX users only) You should be able ...
2
Most updates come from Apple through the Software Update process, but there are some updates where it's been fine to download / install the manufacturer's drivers. If you go to the intel site and look for this graphic card, if there is a Mac updater, I believe you'll be ok using it. Make sure that the model type and OS version match. Finally, the OS is ...
2
There are no driver updates for components found within a MacBook Pro (or any Mac for that matter) found anywhere but through Apple's own update system. And as you say, it's not something you need to worry about. They retain tight control over their components and mainly make driver changes through OS updates rather than parse everything into individual ...
2
The Kensington Expert Mouse PRO and Lion do work together, including all 6 DIRECT LAUNCH buttons and the 4 mouse buttons around the track ball. I haven't figured out how to get the scroll wheel to work, but that can most likely work as well. You do NOT need the Kensington software in order to make it work either. My solution was to use Keyboard Maestro ...
2
Run this in the Terminal: lpinfo -m -h 127.0.0.1:631 It will list all drivers for the local host.
2
Ok, I got it to work. I would not recommend using this technique, but it works, I hope someone posts a better solution. Set up gioteck VX-1: Get a Sony controller and set it up (See Next Section, if you don't have a Sony controller, you can copy my values, which may work, just remember that the steps below will be slightly different since you will be ...
2
Unlike on a Windows gaming machine you don't have many choices to fix such issues on a Mac. As far as I know there are no dedicated drivers sections on the NVIDIA or ATI pages and no possible beta-drivers from Apple. After a couple of years I ended up with a separate Bootcamp partition for the gaming fun because (forgive the harsh words) all the CrossOver, ...
2
You are in luck. Your printer is supported by the Gutenprint open source printer drivers. http://gimp-print.sourceforge.net/MacOSX.php Install these and you should be OK. You may find not all functions of the printer are supported but usually with Gutenprint they come close.
2
Please note that the solution above - "If you have Logitech Control Center for OS X installed you can use Advanced click settings for just VMFusion" - causes 5-10 second hangs with Mac OS X Mavericks + VMWare Fusion 6 when switching between VMFusion (a particular set mouse settings for VMWare Fusion only) and another Mac OS X program (the global set of ...
Only top voted, non community-wiki answers of a minimum length are eligible | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Byrd at the Gate
Byrd at the Gate is an album by jazz guitarist Charlie Byrd, recorded at The Village Gate in 1963 and released on the Riverside label.
Reception
S. M. Haney of AllMusic wrote, "This is a listening pleasure to the first degree. Unlike any other, Charlie Byrd sincerely knows how to make his instrument speak, sending graceful chords and melodies to this attentive audience... Cheers to the Charlie Byrd Trio for a dynamic effort during this May 1963 gig. Applause, applause." The Penguin Guide to Jazz commented that the addition of a trumpeter and saxophonist to Byrd's normal trio format of the time contributed little.
Track listing
All compositions by Charlie Byrd except as indicated
* 1) "Shiny Stockings" (Frank Foster) - 4:57
* 2) "More" (Nino Oliviero, Riz Ortolani) - 2:53
* 3) "Blues for Night People" - 7:07
* 4) "Butter and Egg Man" (Percy Venable) - 3:40
* 5) "Ela Me Deixou" - 3:34
* 6) "Broadway" (Billy Bird, Teddy McRae, Henri Woode) - 4:42
* 7) "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (George Cory, Douglass Cross) - 2:59
* 8) "Some Other Spring" (Arthur Herzog Jr., Irene Kitchings) - 4:18
* 9) "Where Are the Hebrew Children? (Traditional) - 8:20
* 10) "Let's Do It (Let's Fall in Love)" (Cole Porter) - 4:26 Bonus track on CD reissue
* 11) "Jive at Five" (Count Basie, Harry "Sweets" Edison) - 7:11 Bonus track on CD reissue
Personnel
* Charlie Byrd - guitar
* Keter Betts - bass
* Bill Reichenbach - drums
* Clark Terry - flugelhorn, trumpet (tracks 4, 6, 8)
* Seldon Powell - tenor saxophone (tracks 2, 4, 5, 8) | WIKI |
Peter J. LIZZIO, Petitioner, v. DEPARTMENT OF the ARMY, Respondent.
No. 2007-3224.
United States Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit.
July 16, 2008.
Lawrence A. Berger, Mahon & Berger, of Glen Cove, NY, argued for petitioner.
Hillary A. Stern, Senior Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for respondent. With her on the brief were Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, and Todd M. Hughes, Deputy Director.
Before NEWMAN, SCHALL, and LINN, Circuit Judges.
SCHALL, Circuit Judge.
Peter J. Lizzio petitions for review of the final decision of the Merit Systems Protection Board (“Board”) that dismissed for lack of jurisdiction his appeal of the action of the Department of the Army (“agency”) removing him from his position as a special agent with the Major Procurement Fraud Unit of the agency’s Criminal Investigation Command (“CID”). Lizzio v. Dep’t of the Army, 105 M.S.P.R. 322 (2007) (“Final Decision”). The agency removed Mr. Lizzio from his position because it determined that he had breached a last chance agreement that he entered into with the agency in settlement of a previous removal action. The last chance agreement contained a waiver of appeal rights. Mr. Lizzio appealed his removal to the Board. Following a hearing on the issue of jurisdiction, the administrative judge (“AJ”) to whom the appeal was assigned issued an initial decision in which she held that the waiver of appeal rights in the last chance agreement was unenforceable. She did so after ruling that Mr. Lizzio had established that he had not committed the breach of the last chance agreement asserted by the agency in its Notice of Intention to Invoke the last chance agreement (the “notice of breach”). Lizzio v. Dep’t of the Army, PH-0752-06-0546-1-1, slip op. at 14 (M.S.P.B. Oct. 18, 2006) (“Initial Decision ”). She therefore reversed the removal action. Id. Following the Initial Decision, the Board granted the agency’s petition for review, reversed the Initial Decision, and dismissed Mr. Lizzio’s appeal. See generally Final Decision. Contrary to the AJ, the Board determined that Mr. Lizzio had failed to establish that the waiver of appeal rights was unenforceable by demonstrating that he had not breached the last chance agreement. Id. at 331.
Because we hold that the Board erred in its analysis by relying on a ground for breach of the last chance agreement different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach, we vacate the Final Decision. The case is remanded to the Board for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
BACKGROUND
I.
On October 6, 2005, Wesley Kilgore, the Director of the Major Procurement Fraud Unit, issued a decision to remove Mr. Liz-zio from his position as a special agent. Id. at 324-25. The grounds asserted for the action were that Mr. Lizzio had been insubordinate and had engaged in conduct unbecoming a federal employee. Id. Rather than immediately remove Mr. Lizzio, however, the agency entered into a last chance agreement with him. Id. at 325. In paragraph 2a of the agreement, Mr. Lizzio agreed to “[ajvoid any misconduct” in exchange for the agency’s agreement to hold in abeyance his removal for a period of one year and to cancel the proposed removal if he refrained from “misconduct” for the one year period. Id. The last chance agreement further provided that any “misconduct” on the part of Mr. Lizzio would constitute a breach of the agreement and would permit the agency to immediately execute its original decision to remove him from employment. Id. In that regard, paragraph 4 of the agreement stated: “If the employee fails to comply with any of his obligations under this Agreement, the Agency will end the abeyance agreed to in this Agreement, and execute the original decision to remove the employee.” Finally, the last chance agreement provided for a waiver of Mr. Lizzio’s appeal rights. Id. Specifically, in paragraph 2b(2) of the agreement, Mr. Lizzio agreed “not to contest or appeal any subsequent removal action and other actions taken under this agreement.” In addition, in paragraph 2b(3), he waived “his right to file a grievance, appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board and appeal to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for actions taken under the agreement and actions prior to the signing of this agreement.”
II.
On April 10, 2006, after he had entered into the last chance agreement, Mr. Lizzio and two other agents visited a General Electric (“GE”) facility in Fairfield, Connecticut, in order to interview a GE employee who was a witness in a procurement fraud investigation. Id. As discussed more fully below, while attempting to gain access to the witness, Mr. Lizzio engaged in a confrontation with GE security officers. Id. The following day, a GE employee reported the incident to the Major Procurement Fraud Unit, which led to an inquiry by the agency’s Standards of Conduct Office (“SOCO”). Id. The SOCO inquiry ultimately produced a report concluding that Mr. Lizzio had ‘“failed to maintain the highest standards of personal conduct and professionalism to avoid embarrassment to the Army and the government,’ ” in violation of Army Regulation (“AR”) 195-3 and Criminal Investigation Division Regulation (“CIDR”) 195-1. Id. at 325-26. As a result, on June 2, 2006, Mr. Kilgore issued to Mr. Lizzio the notice of breach. The notice stated:
On 9 May 2006 I received a report of an investigation from the Standards of Conduct Office (SOCO), U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command, conducted as a result of allegations made against you for failing to maintain the standards of personal conduct and professionalism as directed by AR 195-3 and CIDR 195-1 and a possible violation of the Joint Ethics Regulation and CIDR 195-1. The SOCO conclusion was that you engaged in misconduct by failing to maintain the standards of personal conduct and professionalism required by AR 195-3 and CIDR 195-1. I have reviewed the investigation and the supporting documentation and have determined that you did engage in misconduct. As a result of that misconduct I also concluded that you failed to comply with paragraph 2a of the Last Chance Agreement you signed on 15 December 2005.
On June 8, 2006, the agency removed Mr. Lizzio. Id. at 326.
III.
Mr. Lizzio appealed his removal to the Board, arguing that he had not breached the last chance agreement and that the agency therefore was not entitled to invoke the waiver of appeal rights in paragraph 2b against him.
Before the Board, Mr. Lizzio bore the burden of establishing, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the Board had jurisdiction to consider his appeal. Link v. Dep’t of the Treasury, 51 F.3d 1577, 1581 (Fed.Cir.1995); 5 C.F.R. § 1201.56(a)(2) (2006). Though the Board lacks jurisdiction whenever a person waives his or her appeal rights in a last chance agreement, Link, 51 F.3d at 1581; McCall v. United States Postal Serv., 839 F.2d 664, 668 (Fed.Cir.1988), an appellant may nonetheless establish jurisdiction by demonstrating that he or she complied with the agreement, that the agency breached it, or that he or she did not knowingly and voluntarily enter into the agreement. Link, 51 F.3d at 1582.
As noted, following a hearing on jurisdiction, the AJ issued an initial decision reversing the agency’s removal action. Initial Decision at 14. In her decision, the AJ considered Mr. Lizzio’s conduct on April 10, 2006. As noted, on that date, Mr. Lizzio and two other agents drove to a GE facility in Fairfield, Connecticut, in order to interview a GE employee who was a witness in a procurement fraud investigation. Id. at 5. Upon arrival at the GE facility, Mr. Lizzio and the other agents presented their credentials to a security guard at the entrance. Id. at 9. After a fifteen minute delay, Mr. Lizzio exited his vehicle, whereupon he encountered a supervisory security officer, who directed Mr. Lizzio to return to his vehicle. Id. Though the testimony before the AJ differed as to Mr. Lizzio’s precise conduct during his in-person discussions with the security guards following his exit from his vehicle, he acknowledged that he took an “ ‘insistent’ and ‘persistent’ approach” with the security guards. Id. at 11. After returning to his vehicle, Mr. Lizzio telephoned a GE finance manager. Id. at 10-11. The manager testified that Mr. Lizzio acted in a “ ‘rude and condescending’ ” and “ ‘unprofessional’ ” manner during the telephone conversation. Id. at 11.
The security officers with whom Mr. Lizzio dealt testified that, though Mr. Liz-zio’s conduct may have been “ ‘an embarrassment to himself [Mr. Lizzio],’ ” they did not conclude that Mr. Lizzio represented all federal employees or otherwise embarrassed the federal government. Id. At the same time, an eyewitness to the events described Mr. Lizzio as “ ‘heated’ ” and “ ‘aggravated’ ” during his exchange with the security guards, but he stated that Mr. Lizzio did not raise his voice or abuse his authority. Id. at 13.
Although Mr. Kilgore’s letter cited both AR 195-3 and CIDR 195-1, the AJ determined that, based on Mr. Kilgore’s testimony, the agency relied solely upon AR 195-3 in determining that Mr. Lizzio had committed misconduct in violation of the last chance agreement. Id. at 8 (noting that Mr. Kilgore admitted that “embarrassment to the agency and the government constitutes a ‘material’ element to his finding [Mr. Lizzio] engaged in misconduct,” and further noting that the only standard cited in the notice letter which refers to “embarrassment” to the agency and the government is AR 195-3, paragraph 4 — 1(a)(3)). Despite the notice letter’s explicit references to CIDR 195-1, the AJ stated that she was “unimpressed with [Mr. Kilgore’s] testimony that he gave significant weight to any other agency standards of conduct because such testimony conflicts with the actual notice of intention to invoke the [last chance agreement] issued to [Mr. Lizzio].” Id. Thus, the AJ confined her analysis to the question of whether Mr. Lizzio had breached the last chance agreement by engaging in conduct that embarrassed the government. After considering the evidence, the AJ found that, although Mr. Lizzio’s conduct on April 10, 2006 was “rude and obnoxious,” it was not embarrassing to the government. Id. at 12. The AJ stated:
The appellant may have been rude in the dispatch of his responsibilities as a federal law enforcement official conducting an investigation during a brief encounter with various individuals at GE. However, the agency did not find the appellant had failed to avoid rudeness when it issued the appellant notice of his removal for violation of the [last chance agreement]. Instead, the agency’s determination the appellant violated the [last chance agreement] was based on its regulation which requires that individuals assigned to the CID Program maintain the highest standards of personal conduct and professionalism to avoid embarrassment to the Army and the Government.
Id. at 13. Accordingly, the AJ concluded that Mr. Lizzio had not breached the last chance agreement and that the agency could not invoke the appellate rights waiver in the agreement. Id. at 14. The AJ therefore reversed the agency’s removal of Mr. Lizzio. Id.
The agency petitioned for review of the Initial Decision. In so doing, it argued, inter alia, that Mr. Lizzio’s conduct was in fact embarrassing to the government and that his removal was therefore proper under AR 195-3. In the Final Decision, the Board reversed the Initial Decision and dismissed Mr. Lizzio’s appeal for lack of jurisdiction. Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 331. The Board stated:
The agency has challenged the administrative judge’s finding that the appellant’s conduct on April 10, 2006 did not violate AR 195-3. We need not decide this issue, however, as we find that the administrative judge erred in limiting the issue of the appellant’s compliance to the grounds relied upon by Mr. Kilgore in his determination that the appellant had engaged in misconduct.
The principle that the Board is required to review an agency’s decision on an adverse action solely on the grounds invoked by the agency does not apply to the agency’s notice of intention to invoke the [last chance agreement]. Where a removal action is held in abeyance by [a last chance agreement], and the appellant commits a breach of the [agreement], the result is not a new adverse action, but reinstatement of the removal that had been held in abeyance. The penalty of removal is then a product of the former misconduct, rather than the breach itself. Thus, there are no due process concerns at stake with regard to the agency’s invocation of the [last chance agreement], as it is undisputed that the appellant received notice and an opportunity to respond to the charges that were the basis of the original removal action.
Id. at 330 (internal citations omitted). The Board rejected Mr. Lizzio’s argument that relying on a ground for breach of the last chance agreement different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach constituted a violation of due process. Id. at 331. The Board stated:
Thus, we conclude that we are free to rely on a different ground than the agency did in determining whether the appellant established by a preponderance of the evidence that he complied with the [last chance agreement]. Regardless of whether the appellant violated AR 195-3, rude and discourteous behavior toward members of the public constitutes misconduct. See, e.g., Lednar v. Soc. Sec. Admin., 82 M.S.P.R. 364, 371-72 (1999). Thus, the finding of the administrative judge that the appellant was “rude and obnoxious” during his encounter with the GE security guards on April 10, 2006, is sufficient to establish that the appellant failed to meet his burden of showing that he did not breach the agreement. Accordingly, we uphold the waiver provision at ¶ 2(b)(3) of the [last chance agreement], and dismiss the appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 331.
DISCUSSION
We have jurisdiction over Mr. Lizzio’s appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1295(a)(9). Pursuant to 5 U.S.C. § 7703(c), we must affirm the Board’s decision unless we find it to be (1) arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law; (2) obtained without procedures required by law, rule, or regulation having been followed; or (3) unsupported by substantial evidence. See also Kewley v. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 153 F.3d 1357, 1361 (Fed.Cir.1998). The determination of whether the Board has jurisdiction over an appeal is a question of law that we review de novo. Hayes v. United States Postal Serv., 390 F.3d 1373, 1376 (Fed.Cir.2004).
I.
On appeal, Mr. Lizzio argues that he established before the AJ that he had not breached the last chance agreement, thereby preventing the agency from invoking the waiver of appeal rights in paragraph 2b of the agreement. Turning to the Final Decision, he contends that the Board improperly relied upon a ground for breach that was neither cited by the agency in its decision to remove him nor adjudicated by the AJ in the Initial Decision. Mr. Lizzio notes that the AJ concluded that the only ground for breach properly cited by the agency was a violation of AR 195-3, which requires CID employees to “maintain the highest standards of personal conduct and professionalism to ... [ajvoid embarrassment to the Army and the Government.” Mr. Lizzio contends that Board case law makes it clear that the Board must review a removal action based upon the grounds cited by the agency and cannot substitute what it deems a more appropriate justification. See, e.g., Shaw v. Dep’t of the Air Force, 80 M.S.P.R. 98, 106-107 (1998) (“[T]he Board is required to adjudicate an appeal solely on the grounds invoked by the agency, and it may not substitute what it considers to be a more appropriate charge.”). According to Mr. Lizzio, since the Board relied upon a different ground for breach than the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach, he was deprived of due process.
The government responds that Mr. Liz-zio’s alleged misconduct on April 10, 2006 was not a separate charge upon which the agency relied to remove him. Rather, it was merely the event that triggered the agency’s decision to proceed with the removal action originally proposed. According to the government, Mr. Lizzio was not entitled to “pre-termination notice” in connection with the agency’s decision to implement the provisions of the last chance agreement. The government states: “Mr. Lizzio received pre-termination notice and an opportunity to respond to the charges upon which the agency based his removal which led to the [last chance agreement].” Appellee’s Br. 14. The government cites our decisions in Girani v. Federal Aviation Administration, 924 F.2d 237 (Fed. Cir.1991), and Baker v. Department of Transportation, 418 F.3d 1369 (Fed.Cir.2005) for the proposition that an employee who breaches a last chance agreement is removed as a consequence of the initial misconduct that led to the entry of the agreement. The government reasons that an employee who signs a last chance agreement has no due process rights with respect to later misconduct justifying invocation of the agreement.
II.
Paragraph 4 of the last chance agreement provided in pertinent part as follows: “If the employee fails to comply with any of his obligations under this Agreement, the Agency will end the abeyance agreed to in this Agreement, and execute the original decision to remove the employee.” In short, if Mr. Lizzio breached the agreement, the agency would put back into place the October 6, 2005 removal for insubordination and conduct unbecoming a federal employee. Thus, as the government notes, a breach of the last chance agreement on Mr. Lizzio’s part would serve as a trigger for reinstatement of the previous removal action. At the same time, in paragraph 2b of the last chance agreement, Mr. Lizzio waived his right to appeal the reinstated removal action.
That does not resolve the matter, however. Mr. Lizzio could render unenforceable the waiver of appeal rights and thereby enable the Board to exercise jurisdiction by establishing that he did not breach the last chance agreement. “[T]o establish Board jurisdiction, [an appellant has] the burden of proving that he did not breach the agreement.” Gilbert v. Dep’t of Justice, 334 F.3d 1065, 1070 (Fed.Cir.2003); see also Link, 51 F.3d at 1582 (“[Appellant] could overcome his waiver of appeal rights by proving that he complied with the last-chance agreement....”); Rogers v. United States Postal Serv., 59 M.S.P.R. 647, 651 (1993) (“[T]he appellant was required to show that the appeal-rights waiver should not be enforced against him because he did not violate the agreement. ...”).
If, as a matter of law, an appellant may establish Board jurisdiction in the face of a last chance agreement by establishing that he or she did not breach the agreement, it necessarily follows that, to be able to exercise that right, the appellant must be told in what way he or she allegedly breached the agreement. Otherwise, the appellant will not know what he or she has to prove was not done. This is nothing more than what due process requires. See Licausi v. Office of Pers. Mgmt., 350 F.3d 1359, 1363 n. 1 (Fed.Cir.2003) (pointing out that both this court and the Board have recognized “the due process principle that a person must be given notice of the charge on which the action against him is based”). This principle applies when an employee is charged with breach of a last chance agreement. Otherwise, an employee will not be able to exercise his right to “overcome his waiver of appeal rights by proving that he complied with the last chance agreement.” Link, 51 F.3d at 1582.
Thus, we agree with the Board and the government that the alleged breach of the last chance agreement in this case was not a separate charge, but rather the event that triggered the reinstatement of the original charge. However, we do not agree with them that Mr. Lizzio was not entitled to notice with respect to the alleged breach. He was entitled to notice in the form of being told what his alleged breach was. In this case, the agency met that obligation when it sent Mr. Lizzio the notice of breach, informing him that he had breached the agreement on April 10, 2006 “by failing to maintain the standards of personal conduct and professionalism required by AR 195-3 and CIDR 195-1.” AR 195-3 requires employees to “[a]void embarrassment to the Army and the Government,” while CIDR 195-1 provides for the elimination of agents “considered substandard in performance or conduct, deficient in character, or otherwise unsuited for the [United States Army Criminal Investigation Division Command] program.” As noted, the AJ found, based upon the testimony of Mr. Kilgore, that the ground asserted by the agency in the notice of breach was that Mr. Lizzio had engaged in conduct embarrassing to the government, in violation of AR 195-3.
The AJ concluded that Mr. Lizzio had not breached the last chance agreement. Initial Decision at 14. Focusing upon the alleged breach cited by Mr. Kilgore (misconduct in failing to comply with AR 195— 3), the AJ concluded that, though “rude and obnoxious,” Mr. Lizzio’s conduct could not have embarrassed the government and therefore did not justify invocation of the last chance agreement. Id. at 12-14. Thereafter, in response to the agency’s petition for review, rather than disturbing the AJ’s finding that the agency asserted in the notice of breach that Mr. Lizzio breached the agreement by engaging in conduct embarrassing to the government or her finding that Mr. Lizzio’s conduct did not embarrass the government, the Board relied upon a ground for breach different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach. Thus, the Board concluded that “rude and obnoxious” behavior comprised “misconduct” within the meaning of the last chance agreement and therefore justified the agency’s invocation of the agreement and removal of Mr. Lizzio for his prior misconduct. Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 331.
We hold that, in the Final Decision, the Board erred in its reliance on a ground for breach different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach. In Gose v. United States Postal Service, 451 F.3d 831 (Fed.Cir.2006), where an employee was removed pursuant to a last chance agreement, we rejected the government’s argument that we could sustain the removal action on the basis of statutory provisions that the employee may have violated but that were not cited as grounds for removal in the proceedings, id. at 839 n. 4. We stated: “We reject the agency’s argument that we can sustain its removal action based on Gose’s alleged violations of other statutory provisions. Agency action must be sustained, if at all, on the actual grounds relied on by the agency.” Id. As we noted in Licausi, “[although that principle has frequently been recognized by this court and the Board, it is not so much an application of the Chenery doctrine as an application of the due process principle that a person must be given notice of the charge on which the action against him is based.” Licausi, 350 F.3d at 1363 n. I. Here, the AJ found, as a matter of fact, that the agency’s asserted ground in the notice of breach for breach of the last chance agreement was conduct “embarrassing” to the government. Significantly, the Board did not disturb that finding. By not disturbing that finding and by relying upon a ground for breach (“rude and obnoxious” behavior) different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach (conduct “embarrassing” to the government), the Board effectively deprived Mr. Lizzio of his right to establish Board jurisdiction by proving that he did not breach the last chance agreement by engaging in the conduct found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach.
We do not agree with the government that our decisions in Girani and Baker compel a different result. In Girani, an employee of the Federal Aviation Administration (“FAA”), Robert Girani, entered into a last chance agreement in lieu of being removed for using cocaine. 924 F.2d at 239. Under the agreement, the FAA agreed to delay Girani’s removal pending successful completion of a rehabilitation program. Id. The agreement required Girani to attend Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and to refrain from reporting for work under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Id. The agreement further provided that “ ‘any further involvement ... with illegal mind-altering substances, or failure to adhere to any of the terms of this letter, will result in separation.’ ” Id. Less than a year after entering into the agreement, Girani was arrested for driving under the influence. Id. Consequently, the FAA removed him for having violated the conditions of the last chance agreement as they related to his rehabilitation program. Id. Girani submitted his case to arbitration. Id. at 240. After the arbitrator sustained his removal, Girani appealed to this court, arguing that the FAA removed him without providing notice under 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b) that he was being removed for alcohol consumption. Id. at 240-41. Specifically, though Girani conceded that he received all process required by section 7513(b) insofar as the original proposed removal for cocaine usage was concerned, he argued that the FAA violated section 7513(b) by removing him for a reason for which he was never given notice, i.e., alcohol consumption. Id. at 241.
We affirmed the arbitrator’s decision sustaining Girani’s removal. Id. at 241-42. In so doing, we rejected Girani’s argument that he was entitled to the procedural safeguards of 5 U.S.C. § 7513(b) in connection with his alcohol usage. Id. at 241. We stated:
We are unpersuaded by petitioner’s argument. It is based on the faulty premise that alcohol consumption was a separate disciplinary charge against him, therefore entitling him to a new notice of proposed removal and all of the other procedural safeguards of § 7513(b). Alcohol use, however, was not a separate charge, but was merely the evidence relied on by the FAA to demonstrate that petitioner had breached the “last chance” agreement.
Id. Finally, we added that there was substantial evidence in the record that Girani was aware that his alcohol consumption was the FAA’s reason for removing him. Id. at 242.
In Baker, Rex Baker, an Air Traffic Control Specialist with the FAA, entered a substance abuse rehabilitation/treatment program following his arrest for possession of a controlled substance and his proposed removal by the FAA for that offense. 418 F.3d at 1371-72. In a memorandum that he received, Baker was informed that, in deciding whether to remove him, the FAA would give consideration to his successful completion of the treatment program. Id. at 1372. Subsequently, after Baker was discharged from a treatment facility for alleged use of drugs, the FAA removed him from his position. Id. at 1373. Baker appealed his removal to the Board, arguing, inter alia, that the FAA committed harmful procedural error by removing him following his failure to complete the rehabilitation program without issuing a second notice of proposed removal. Id. at 1374. The Board affirmed Baker’s removal. Id. The Board determined that the FAA was not required to issue a second notice of proposed removal in that Baker conceded that the FAA removed him on the basis of his prior controlled substance possession, not on the basis of his discharge from the treatment facility. Id. Baker then appealed his removal to this court.
On appeal, we affirmed the decision of the Board, rejecting Baker’s argument that he was entitled to a second notice of proposed removal. We stated:
The reasoning of Girani applies here. Mr. Baker’s failure to complete the rehabilitation/treatment program was not a separate charge upon which the agency relied in order to remove him. Instead, Mr. Baker’s discharge from [the treatment facility] was merely the event that triggered the agency’s decision to proceed with the removal action originally proposed.... Accordingly, we conclude that Mr. Baker was not entitled to a new notice of proposed removal.
Id.
The government’s reliance on Gira-ni and Baker is misplaced. Both cases simply stand for the proposition that, when an agency removes an employee from his or her position following breach of a last chance agreement, the breach is the trigger for the reinstatement of the original removal action and, consequently, a second formal notice of removal is not required. Neither Girani nor Baker involved the situation presented in this case: the Board rejecting an AJ’s finding that there was no breach of a last chance agreement by relying on a ground for breach different from the one found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach, a finding not disturbed by the Board.
CONCLUSION
In sum, the Board erred when, in the Final Decision, it relied on a ground for breach of the last chance agreement — conduct on Mr. Lizzio’s part that was “rude and obnoxious” — different from the ground found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach — conduct on Mr. Lizzio’s part that was “embarrassing” to the government, a finding not disturbed by the Board. In so doing, the Board deprived Mr. Lizzio of due process. See Gose, 451 F.3d at 839 n. 4; Licausi, 350 F.3d at 1363 n. 1. We therefore vacate the Final Decision and remand the case to the Board so that, after receiving the views of the parties, the Board may consider anew the grounds for reversal of the Initial Decision advanced by the agency in its petition for review. We do so because the Board rested the Final Decision solely upon the ground that Mr. Lizzio engaged in rude and obnoxious behavior. Among other things, it declined to review the AJ’s finding that the agency charged Mr. Lizzio with breaching the last chance agreement by engaging in conduct that embarrassed the agency, or her finding that his conduct on April 10, 2006 did not embarrass the agency. Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 330 (“The agency has challenged the administrative judge’s finding that the appellant’s conduct on April 10, 2006 did not violate AR 195-3. We need not decide this issue, however, as we find that the administrative judge erred in limiting the issue of appellant’s compliance to the grounds relied upon by Mr. Kilgore in his determination that the appellant had engaged in misconduct.”). The agency is entitled to have the Board decide, under the proper standard, the arguments it presented in its petition for review. Finally, if on remand the Board affirms the Initial Decision, after receiving the views of the parties, it should determine the relief to which Mr. Lizzio is entitled.
VACATED and REMANDED.
. AR 195-3 provides in relevant part that all agency employees must "maintain the highest standards of personal conduct and professionalism to ... avoid embarrassment to the Army and the Government.” CIDR 195-1 provides in relevant part that “any agent who is considered substandard in performance or conduct [or] deficient in character ... can be eliminated.”
. As noted, AR 195-3 provides in relevant part that all agency employees must "maintain the highest standards of the personal conduct and professionalism to ... avoid embarrassment to the Army and the Government."
. Prior to the hearing, the AJ determined that the waiver of appeal rights in paragraph 2b(2) of the last change agreement (“Employee waives the right to appeal or contest a supervisor’s determination of future misconduct and agency action based upon misconduct for one year.”) was unenforceable as a matter of public policy, on the grounds that “ 'operation of such a waiver would supplant the Board's authority to determine its own jurisdiction over the challenged employment action.’ ” Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 327. The Board agreed with the AJ’s ruling on this point, id. at 328, and neither party has raised the issue on appeal.
. The government's position is similar to the Board’s in the Final Decision. As seen, the Board stated:
Where a removal action is held in abeyance by [a last chance agreement], and the appellant commits a breach of the [agreement], the result is not a new adverse action, but reinstatement of the removal that had been held in abeyance. The penalty of removal is then a product of the former misconduct, rather than the breach itself. Thus, there are no due process concerns at stake with regard to the agency’s invocation of the [last chance agreement], as it is undisputed that the appellant received notice and an opportunity to respond to the charges that were the basis of the original removal action.
Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 330.
. The Chenery cases, Securities & Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corp., 318 U.S. 80, 63 S.Ct. 454, 87 L.Ed. 626 (1943), and Securities & Exchange Commission v. Chenery Corp., 332 U.S. 194, 67 S.Ct. 1575, 91 L.Ed. 1995 (1947), stand for the proposition that "a reviewing court, in dealing with a determination or judgment which an administrative agency is alone authorized to make, must judge the propriety of such action solely by the grounds invoked by the agency,” id. at 196, 67 S.Ct. 1575.
. Lednar v. Social Security Administration, 82 M.S.P.R. 364 (1999), cited by the Board, is inapposite. The Board recognized there that rude and discourteous behavior by a government employee may constitute misconduct. Id. at 371-72. The issue presented by this case is entirely different: whether, in the Fi
nal Decision, the Board erred by relying on a ground for breach of the last chance agreement not found by the AJ to have been asserted by the agency in the notice of breach.
. Section 7513(b) provides that an employee is entitled to (1) 30 days’ written notice of the proposed removal, (2) a "reasonable time” to respond to the notice, (3) legal representation, and (4) a written decision from the agency of the "specific reasons” for the removal.
. In the Final Decision, the Board stated that, in its petition for review, the agency argued
that the Initial Decision should be reversed for the following reasons:
(1) the administrative judge erred in ruling ¶ 2(b)(2) of the [last chance agreement] unenforceable and proceeding to address the appellant’s claim that he did not engage in misconduct;
(2) the administrative judge improperly limited the issue of the appellant's compliance with the [last chance agreement] to the specific misconduct cited in the [Standards of Conduct Office] report;
(3) the administrative judge misapplied AR 195-3 by inquiring as to whether the appellant’s action caused embarrassment, instead of whether the appellant failed to “maintain the highest standards of personal conduct and professionalism”;
(4) the administrative judge erred in concluding that the appellant’s conduct, which she found to be "rude and obnoxious,” was insufficient to establish embarrassment to the agency and the government;
(5) the administrative judge failed to apply the principle that law enforcement officers are held to a higher standard than ordinary employees;
(6) the administrative judge erred in her credibility determination by relying upon selected witnesses; and
(7)the agency acted in good faith in accordance with the provisions of the [last chance agreement].
Final Decision, 105 M.S.P.R. at 327. After receiving the views of the parties, the Board should address arguments (2)-(7) above in the agency’s petition for review. In so doing, the Board should first consider any challenge by the agency in the petition for review to the AJ’s presently undisturbed finding that the agency asserted in the notice of breach that Mr. Lizzio breached the last chance agreement by engaging in conduct embarrassing to the government. The Board should also consider any challenge to the AJ’s presently undisturbed finding that Mr. Lizzio’s conduct on April 10, 2006 was not embarrassing to the government. That is because, as seen, these findings of fact have been determinative of our disposition of this appeal. Finally, argument (1) above is not to be considered by the Board because it was rejected in the Final Decision and has not been raised by either party on appeal. See supra note 3.
| CASELAW |
Colonial Hotel (Seattle)
The Colonial Hotel is a historic building in Seattle located at 1119-1123 at the southwest corner of 1st Avenue and Seneca Streets in the city's central business district. The majority of the building recognizable today was constructed in 1901 over a previous building built in 1892-3 that was never completed to its full plans.
Built as a response to the boom created by the Yukon Gold Rush, the Colonial operated as a single resident occupancy hotel into the 1970s and in the 1980s it was restored into apartments and connected to its southern neighbor, the Grand Pacific Hotel. Both were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 and later became Seattle city landmarks. Today they are known collectively as the Colonial Grand Pacific.
History
Following the Great Seattle Fire of 1889, the northward expansion of Seattle's business district from Pioneer Square, already in progress prior to the fire, took on a rapid pace. A quick glut of new office space and a shortage of building materials created by the boom however left many buildings incomplete and many more lots undeveloped as the economy began to cool in 1891. The 4-story Starr Building, built in 1890 on the west side of 1st Avenue between Spring and Seneca Streets, stood alone on the block until a second wave of construction began in 1892.
The Kenyons
Jacob Gardner Kenyon, a traveling ventriloquist and magician, first passed through Seattle in the early 1880s and with the ticket sales from his first show at Yesler Hall, purchased several lots on 1st Avenue before leaving town, purchasing even more on his second tour. The value of his property skyrocketed following the great fire but he refused all offers to lease it. In mid-1892, Kenyon commissioned prominent architect John Parkinson to design a six-story building of granite and white pressed brick to be built on his corner lot adjoining the Starr Building. John McConnell won the contract for brickwork while G.W. Webster was put in charge of the carpentry. Construction began in July 1892 on the basement levels but was paused multiple times, and was ultimately only completed to the first floor on 1st Avenue, with Kenyon citing the lack of demand for office or lodging space as well as the benefit of allowing the foundation to settle. Kenyon died on December 22, 1892, without finishing the building and the property, along with all of Kenyon's Seattle holdings was willed to his son, Benjamin Kenyon. Litigation involving unpaid loans and under-compensated heirs soon followed along with the Panic of 1893, preventing the completion of the building for the rest of the decade. During this time the ground floor, designed to be split into 3 storefronts, was mostly occupied by the Seattle Outfitting Company, a home furnishings store, and the salesroom of the Seattle Woolen Mill Company, specializing in Flannel blankets for Yukon miners while the two basement levels were rented out for storage.
Clise, Chapin and Collins
In December 1900, Prominent Seattle businessman and attorney James Clise, representing Charles R. Collins (a civil engineer) and Herman Chapin (president of the Boston National Bank), purchased the incomplete Kenyon Building and one other nearby lot from the Kenyon Estate for $430,000. Collins and Chapin immediately made plans to complete the building to house a hotel to meet the demands of a city once again booming as a result of the Yukon Gold Rush. They commissioned architect Max Umbrecht, who had come to Seattle from Syracuse, New York earlier in the year under the employ of L.C. Smith. He designed several buildings for Smith's Pioneer Square properties and would go on to design several more for Clise and many more buildings in Seattle over the next two decades. For this project Umbrecht chose an eclectic Federal motif executed with buff brick trimmed with stone and glazed terra cotta for the top 3 floors of the building that would be built on top of the existing Kenyon building and inspire the hotel to be called the Colonial. The original design included a parapet above the cornice composed of open balustrades and a central pediment bearing the Colonial name, long since lost to deterioration. The building's retail tenants were evicted and a building permit was issued on January 20, 1901. Work was completed by September when new ground floor tenants began advertising and the hotel opened with Florence M. Burke as proprietor. Among the earliest ground floor tenants in the completed building were the Abbo Medical & Surgical Institute, the Rainier Hardware Co., and the Keystone Liquor Co. In 1906, Clise sold the hotel to Schwabacher Hardware Company treasurer Sigmund Aronson and prominent local attorney Harold Preston for $180,000.
Weyerhaeuser
By the 1950s the businesses in the neighborhood began to reflect a seedier nature as Seattle's commercial core had long since moved north. During this time the ground floor of the Colonial was occupied by second-hand shops and the Sportsland Arcade, which several times had been raided by police for showing and transporting adult films. In the mid 1960s, while many small downtown hotels in Seattle were being closed by the city's Nuisance abatement board, The Colonial Hotel, recently purchased along with its neighbor the Grand Pacific Hotel by the Kerry Timber Company and operated under lease by Tetsuo Kuramoto, was deemed to still be in fine condition and was allowed to stay open while the Grand Pacific was shuttered. The Colonial would only operate as a hotel for a few more years; its furnishings were sold at auction in 1972. Beginning in the late 70s, The Colonial and other historic buildings in the area were restored and redeveloped by Cornerstone Development Co, a subsidiary of Weyerhaeuser (which had absorbed the Kerry Timber Company) as part of the Waterfront Center project, which combined new construction with older buildings restored for housing. During restoration, The Colonial Hotel was interconnected with the Grand Pacific Hotel to the south and the complex became known as the Colonial Grand Pacific Apartments. The Colonial Hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 13, 1982. | WIKI |
KFBR (Arizona)
KFBR was a radio station on 1340 AM serving Nogales, Arizona. It operated from 1967 to 1993 and was the successor to KNOG, which broadcast on the same frequency from 1948 to 1965. KNOG was the first radio station in Nogales, Arizona, and for its entire existence until 1978, KNOG/KFBR was the only English-language radio station in the city.
KNOG
KNOG went on the air July 25, 1948, as the first radio station in Nogales, Arizona. It was owned by the Border Broadcasting Company and established studios in the Rancho Grande Hotel. The new station broadcast on 1340 kHz with 250 watts. Originally slated for a June 1 launch, the station did not hit the air until July 25. Shortly after going on air, on August 1, it joined the Don Lee Network and Mutual Broadcasting System through its regional affiliate: the Arizona Network, led by KOOL in Phoenix. KNOG joining Don Lee occurred simultaneously with the launch of another Arizona Network station, KCKY in Coolidge. Within its first six months of operation, KNOG had a bone to pick with its Mexican competition, alleging that XEHF in Nogales, Sonora, had illegally retransmitted the Mutual broadcast of the 1948 World Series that KNOG was carrying, though XEHF said it had picked up reports of the Series from a Mexico City shortwave section. Mexican authorities issued a warning to the station, which then proceeded to rebroadcast Associated Press news reports from the Arizona Daily Star (KNOG was a United Press station), prompting the wire service to lodge a formal complaint with Secretary of State Dean Acheson. The United States Department of State also made a formal complaint in the World Series piracy case. The investigation revealed that XEHF had secured permission direct from Gillette, the sponsor of the broadcasts, to carry them, bypassing KNOG and Mutual completely.
KNOG was not in operation a year before it was sold, the first of many station sales in the station's history. Landon Young of La Quinta, California, acquired Border in June 1949 and immediately took over management. However, the sale was never finalized, and in August 1950, Young sued Border to recover the $2,100 loss he had incurred running the radio station for a month. Border was able to successfully sell KNOG in 1952, when the Old Pueblo Broadcasting Company, owners of KOPO in Tucson and 95 percent of KOOL, paid $20,000 for the station. During this time, KNOG also carried programs from the short-lived Liberty Broadcasting System.
KOPO owned KNOG for less than two years, though Old Pueblo wasted little time realigning KNOG into its hookup. On November 2, 1952, it changed the station's network affiliation to CBS, bringing it into the Radio Network of Arizona fold and matching its new sister stations. The Radio Network of Arizona during this time consisted of KOOL, KOPO, KOLD in Yuma, KCKY, and KNOG, alongside the TV stations owned by KOOL and KOPO.
KNOG was sold in 1954 to Charles F. and Alice B. Montano, owners of a Phoenix advertising firm, who paid $20,000. Montano ownership would be the longest-lived in KNOG's history, lasting four. During this time, in 1957, the station ran a "Mystery Tune" contest, only to learn that the winner, Julieta de la Fuente, was the daughter of the owner of a competing station. However, in 1958, the Montanos sold the station to veteran southern Arizona broadcaster Carleton W. Morris for $20,000, with the Federal Communications Commission granting the application in January 1959. Carlos Montano went to work for KOOL after the sale. By this time, KNOG had gone back to the Arizona Network (now led by Phoenix's KOY) and Mutual; when said network switched wholesale to ABC Radio in 1959, KNOG was included in the affiliation switch. Later in 1959, Morris sold the station for $40,000—doubling his investment—to Robert F. Baltrano and Lloyd Burlingham, owner of KCVR in Lodi, California. Just days after the sale was approved, tragedy struck when 19-year-old announcer Frank V. Robles was killed in a traffic accident while returning to Tucson.
As the 1950s turned into the 1960s, KNOG continued to experience ownership turnover. In 1961, Baltrano and Burlingham sold KNOG to Madelon H. Cowling of Van Nuys, California, for $60,000. Cowling owned the station for two years before selling it to Richard H. Ward for $65,000 in 1963. During Ward's ownership, in 1964, KNOG presented 30 hours a week of Spanish programming. It also sued the Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Company for $10,000 in damages, alleging the phone company failed to do checks and caused the station to miss an hour of a 1963 high school football game being sent to the station from Eloy.
Ward's ownership of the radio station, however, drove him into bankruptcy. He stopped operating KNOG on April 9, 1965—the last day the station would operate under that license and call letters—and filed a bankruptcy petition that August, showing $88,000 in debts to just $10,000 in assets. That May, he had filed to sell the silent KNOG for $80,000 to John W. Bonnett Jr., Peter O'Crotty, and Kenneth Hemmerle. By the time the application had hit the FCC, a new partner had entered: Lloyd Burlingham, who had owned the station between 1959 and 1961. The new owners would have relocated the station from the La Hacienda Motor Hotel, to which KNOG had moved, back to the Rancho Grande. However, this application was never consummated, and the license was canceled.
The KNOG call letters were assigned on June 30, 1978, to a college radio station in Havre, Montana, which changed to KNMC in 1985. The call letters would return to Nogales when KNOG, a noncommercial Christian FM station, signed on December 16, 1995.
KFBR
Before 1965 was over, an applicant had stepped into the void formed by KNOG's closure. Frank Baranowski, a motel and restaurant owner, filed with the FCC on November 1 for a construction permit for a new station on 1340. Baranowski's application was granted on February 1, 1967. KFBR acquired the former KNOG facilities in a sheriff's auction and went on the air September 29, 1967. The new station carried English-language programming during the daytime hours and Spanish-language shows at night and was affiliated with KTAR's Arizona Broadcasting System.
KFBR signed on September 29, 1967. Baranowski died in 1975. In 1981, KFBR had a format of middle-of-the-road music with a handful of Spanish programs, as well as affiliation with the ABC Information network and CBS. It was a small operation, with just three full-time and three part-time employees. KFBR finally got competition in Nogales, Arizona, when Top 40-formatted KAYN 98.3 signed on in 1978; the station later moved toward Tucson.
The station remained on the air throughout the 1980s with a country format, finally being reported silent in April 1993. The license renewal was dismissed and KFBR call letters deleted in August 1993. | WIKI |
From Fedora Project Wiki
Description
This test case tests the Retrace Server's command line interface.
Setup
1. Ensure you have the plugin installed with the following command:
• su -c 'yum install abrt-retrace-client'
2. Make sure you have ABRT crashes caught by CCpp (crashes in C and C++ applications) that need retrace (i.e. you haven't already retrieved the necessary debuginfo packages and generated the full backtrace) available. If you do not have any, run a C or C++ application and crash it using kill -SIGSEGV (pid) or pkill -SIGSEGV (processname)
3. The crash reports will be under /var/tmp/abrt; you can identify them by the date and time
How to test
1. Run abrt-retrace-client create -d /path/ABRT_crash_directory
2. Run abrt-retrace-client status -t task_id -p task_password with task_id and task_password obtained from create action
3. Run abrt-retrace-client status -t task_id -p task_password with a wrong combination of task_id and task_password
4. Run abrt-retrace-client log -t task_id -p task_password while the job is still PENDING
5. Run abrt-retrace-client log -t task_id -p task_password after the job is finished (by success or failure)
6. Run abrt-retrace-client backtrace -t task_id -p task_password after the job is finished successfully
7. Run abrt-retrace-client backtrace -t task_id -p task_password after the job is finished by failure
8. Run abrt-retrace-client batch -d /path/ABRT_crash_directory
9. Run abrt-retrace-client create -d /path/ABRT_crash_directory, replacing coredump, executable or package file by some random content
10. Try to upload a larger crash (eg. kill JVM).
11. Try to replace coderump, executable or package file by some special file (device, symlink)
Expected Results
Note.png
In order
The expected results match the commands - the first expected result is for the first command, the second is for the second command, and so on
1. The job should be started, task_id and task_password returned on stdout
2. One of the values PENDING, FINISHED_SUCCESS, FINISHED_FAILURE should be returned on stdout together with a more detailed description
3. HTTP 404 Not Found or 403 Forbidden error code should be returned depending on whether task with task_id exists or not. Should be the same with log and backtrace actions
4. HTTP 404 Not Found error code should be returned. Should be the same with backtrace action
5. Plaintext log should be returned on stdout
6. Plaintext backtrace should be returned on stdout
7. HTTP 404 Not Found error code should be returned
8. All actions should happen at once - create, periodically ask for status, download log (print to stdout) / backtrace (save into crash directory) depending on whether the result was successful or not
9. The task should finish by failure
10. If the upload size is larger than 8 MB, you should be prompted to confirm
11. The request should be denied | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dive into Yourself
"Dive into Yourself" is a single released by High and Mighty Color on July 26, 2006
Overview
"Dive into Yourself" is the band's seventh single and the first after the release of their second album Gou on Progressive. "Dive into Yourself" was used as an advertisement theme for the PlayStation 2 game Sengoku Basara 2 and Sengoku Basara 2 Heroes, while the B-side "Flying Music" was used as the theme song for Harmony with the Earth ID. Included on the single was a paper form that allowed one to enter a contest when filled out and mailed in. The winner of the contest won the prize of having their voice recorded and added to the album version of "Dive into Yourself" (see San). The first press edition of the single came with a wristband selected from a variety of colors. The hook-line is a cover from 2 Unlimited - "Twilight Zone" from 1992.
Sample of the translated lyrics:
* Wow...!
* I'll break through the clouds
* That hang over the sky as it moves
* Wow...!
* And become a wind
* That blows everywhere
Music video
The music video for "Dive into Yourself" first aired on MTV Japan, and was directed by Tomoo Noda. It immediately starts off with the band bouncing around in a garage-like setting, each member playing his or her respective instruments and/or singing. Large lights and screens surround them, and photographers and camera men can be seen taking photos and recording them. Just before the second chorus, Maki starts to walk away from the other band members, all the while, the cord to her microphone uncoiling until it's almost coming out of the socket. Yuusuke finally pulls the cord, forcing the microphone out of Maki's hands, and back to the other members. Maki quickly runs back and grabs the microphone from the ground just in time to sing the chorus after the instrumental break. The video finally ends with Maki yelling, "Perfect!"
Track list
* 1) "Dive into Yourself" – 3:48
* 2) "Flying Music" (フライングミュージック) – 3:44
* 3) "Haitoku no Jounetsu ~Urgent Immoral Passion Mix~" (背徳の情熱 〜Urgent Immoral Passion Mix〜, remixed by 1.DT of Nat) – 5:08
* 4) "Dive into Yourself (Less Vocal Track)" - 3:46
* All songs written by High and Mighty Color.
Personnel
* Maakii & Yuusuke — vocals
* Kazuto — guitar
* Meg — guitar
* Mackaz — bass
* Sassy — drums
Production
* Through – art direction & design
* Hidekazu Maiyama – photographer
* Tsukushi Ichikawa (Mild) – hair & make-up
* Toshio Takeda (Mild) – styling
TV performances
* July, 2006 - Music Express
Charts
Oricon Sales Chart (Japan) | WIKI |
Jepson eFlora: Taxon page
Key to families | Table of families and genera
Previous taxon Index to accepted names and synonyms:
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Next taxon
Eriogonum polycladon
SORREL WILD BUCKWHEAT
Higher Taxonomy
Family: PolygonaceaeView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: BUCKWHEAT FAMILY
Habit: Annual to shrub [tree]. Stem: nodes swollen or not. Leaf: simple, basal or cauline, generally alternate; ocreae present or 0, generally scarious, persistent or not. Inflorescence: flower clusters in axillary to terminal cyme-, panicle-, raceme-, spike-, umbel- or head-like arrangements, entire inflorescence or main inflorescence branches generally subtended by bracts ("inflorescence bracts"); peduncles present or 0; flower clusters in Eriogoneae-Eriogonoideae subtended by involucre of >= 1 free or +- fused, sometimes awn-tipped bracts ("involucre bracts") or, in Polygonoideae and rarely in Eriogonoideae, not (if bracts completely fused, involucre "tubular"); pedicels in Eriogoneae each often subtended by 2 free, transparent, linear bractlets or in Polygonoideae all subtended by 2+ fused, membranous, wide bractlets. Flower: generally bisexual, small, 1--200 per node; perianth parts 2--6, generally in 2 whorls, free or basally fused, generally petal-like, often +- concave adaxially, often darker at midvein, often turning +- red or +- brown in age; stamens [1]3 or 6--9 in 2 whorls; ovary superior, 1-chambered, ovule 1, styles 1--3. Fruit: achenes, included in or exserted from perianth, generally 3-angled, ovoid or elliptic, generally glabrous.
Genera In Family: 48 genera, +- 1200 species: worldwide, especially northern temperate; some cultivated for food (Coccoloba, sea-grape; Fagopyrum, Rheum, Rumex) or ornamental (Antigonon, lovechain; Coccoloba; Muehlenbeckia; Persicaria; Polygonum), a few timbered (Coccoloba; Triplaris). Several (Emex; Fallopia; Persicaria; Polygonum; Rumex) are weeds. Note: Treatment of genera in Eriogonoideae based on monographic work of James L. Reveal. Involucre number throughout is number (1--many) per ultimate grouping, at tips of ultimate branches; flower number is per flower cluster or involucre, unless otherwise stated. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench not naturalized, considered an historical waif (or garden weed +- presently), therefore not treated.
eFlora Treatment Author: Mihai Costea, except as noted
Scientific Editor: Thomas J. Rosatti, Bruce G. Baldwin.
Genus: EriogonumView DescriptionDichotomous Key
Common Name: WILD BUCKWHEAT
Habit: Annual to shrub, matted or not. Stem: prostrate to erect, occasionally 0, glabrous or hairy, occasionally glandular. Leaf: basal, sheathing (on stem above basal, beneath other, +- non-sheathing cauline), or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled; blades linear to +- round, generally longer than wide, margins flat, wavy, or rolled under; ocreae 0. Inflorescence: variable, glabrous or hairy, occasionally glandular; peduncles 0 or erect to reflexed (pointed down); involucres 1 or in clusters, tubular, glabrous or hairy, teeth generally 4--10, awns 0. Flower: (2)6--100(200), with a stalk-like base ("flower stipe" or "stipe") or not; perianth generally white to red or yellow, glabrous or hairy, occasionally glandular, lobes 6, generally entire; stamens 9. Fruit: generally brown or black, generally obconic, glabrous or hairy; embryo curved or straight.
Species In Genus: +- 250 species: temperate North America. Etymology: (Greek: woolly knees, for hairy nodes of 1st sp. named) Note: One of largest genera in California; stem in descriptions refers to the main stem(s), not branches of inflorescence. A perennial herb allied to Eriogonum austrinum (S. Stokes) Reveal and Eriogonum moranii Reveal of east-central Baja California, with spreading (rather than reflexed or erect) involucres on peduncles < 2 mm, occurring in DMtns (Bristol, Granite mountains), has been known for nearly 25 years yet remains undescribed. Eriogonum puberulum moved to Johanneshowellia.
eFlora Treatment Author: James L. Reveal & Thomas J. Rosatti
Eriogonum polycladon Benth.
EXTIRPATED ALIEN
Habit: Annual (0.5)1--6 dm. Stem: (0.3)1--3 dm, tomentose. Leaf: cauline; blades (0.7)1--3 cm, 0.5--1.5 cm wide, tomentose. Inflorescence: (5)10--50 cm, 10--25 cm wide; branches tomentose; peduncles 0; involucres appressed, 1.5--2.5 mm, 1--2 mm wide, generally tomentose. Flower: (1)1.5--2 mm, glabrous; perianth white to pink or red, outer lobes widely fan-shaped, inner oblanceolate. Fruit: 1--1.3 mm. Chromosomes: n=13.
Ecology: Sand; Elevation: (200)500--2200 m. Bioregional Distribution: se DMoj (near Needles, San Bernardino Co.); Distribution Outside California: Arizona, southern Utah, to western Texas, northern Mexico. Flowering Time: All year Note: Introduced as roadside waif in 1930s, now extirpated.
Synonyms: Eriogonum densum Greene; Eriogonum polycladon var. crispum Gand.; Eriogonum polycladon var. mexicanum Gand.; Eriogonum vimineum Douglas ex Benth. var. densum (Greene) S. Stokes; Eriogonum vimineum subsp. polycladon (Benth.) S. Stoke
eFlora Treatment Author: James L. Reveal & Thomas J. Rosatti
Jepson Online Interchange
Previous taxon: Eriogonum plumatella
Next taxon: Eriogonum polypodum
Name Search
Contact/Feedback
Citation for this treatment: James L. Reveal & Thomas J. Rosatti 2017. Eriogonum polycladon, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=24909, accessed on August 20, 2017.
Citation for the whole project: Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2017. Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html, accessed on August 20, 2017.
Geographic subdivisions for Eriogonum polycladon:
se DMoj (near Needles, San Bernardino Co.);
Markers link to CCH specimen records. Yellow markers indicate records that may provide evidence for eFlora range revision or may have georeferencing or identification issues. Purple markers indicate specimens collected from a garden, greenhouse, or other non-wild location.
READ ABOUT YELLOW FLAGS
map of distribution 1
(Note: any qualifiers in the taxon distribution description, such as 'northern', 'southern', 'adjacent' etc., are not reflected in the map above, and in some cases indication of a taxon in a subdivision is based on a single collection or author-verified occurence).
View elevation by latitude chart
Data provided by the participants of the Consortium of California Herbaria.
View all CCH records
CCH collections by month
Duplicates counted once; synonyms included.
Species do not include records of infraspecific taxa.
Blue line denotes eFlora flowering time. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gonville Bromhead
Major Gonville Bromhead VC (29 August 1845 – 9 February 1891) was a British Army officer and recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for valour in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to members of the British armed forces. He received the medal for his part in the defence of Rorke's Drift in January 1879, in which a small British garrison of 139 soldiers successfully repulsed an assault by some 4,000 Zulu warriors. Bromhead was portrayed by Michael Caine in the film Zulu, which depicted the battle.
Born into a notable military family, Bromhead was brought up in Thurlby, Lincolnshire. He entered the 24th Regiment of Foot as an ensign in 1867 and was promoted to lieutenant in 1871. Bromhead's battalion was deployed to southern Africa in 1878 and subsequently served in the Ninth Cape Frontier War and the Anglo-Zulu War. He spent most of the remainder of his career in south Asia, where he was promoted to major in 1883 and saw service in the Third Anglo-Burmese War. He died in 1891 in Allahabad, India, at the age of 45.
Early life
Gonville Bromhead was born on 29 August 1845 in Versailles, France. He was the youngest child born to Maj. Sir Edmund de Gonville Bromhead, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Judith. He came from a notable military family: his great-grandfather, Boardman Bromhead, fought under Major General James Wolfe at Quebec; his grandfather, Sir Gonville Bromhead, was a lieutenant general who fought in the American Revolutionary War; his father was a veteran of the Battle of Waterloo; and his three older brothers were officers in the British Army.
His family resided at Thurlby Hall in Thurlby, Lincolnshire, and he was educated at Magnus Grammar School in Newark-on-Trent. After purchasing an ensign's commission he entered the 2nd Battalion 24th Regiment of Foot on 20 April 1867, and was promoted to lieutenant on 28 October 1871. Nicknamed "Gunny" by his colleagues, Bromhead was an accomplished boxer and cricketer for the regimental team, and was popular with the men under his command. During his career he developed hearing problems which became progressively worse. However, according to historian Ian Knight, contrary to popular belief, Bromhead's deafness did not affect his ability to command his men. Nevertheless, Bromhead was not highly regarded by his commanding officer, Lieutenant Colonel Henry James Degacher, who privately described him as "hopeless".
On 1 February 1878, Bromhead's battalion was dispatched to the British Cape Colony in response to a request for reinforcements to assist in the Ninth Cape Frontier War. Arriving at East London on 9 March, Bromhead's B Company took part in several offensive operations at the conclusion of the war. During an assault on a Xhosa position in May, the company's commanding officer, Captain A.G. Godwin-Austen, was wounded by a shot accidentally fired by one of his own men. He was consequently sent back to England to recover, and command of the company temporarily passed to Bromhead. In August the battalion was sent to Pietermaritzburg, Natal, to prepare for the invasion of Zululand.
Rorke's Drift
At the outbreak of the Anglo-Zulu War, Bromhead's battalion was assigned to Lord Chelmsford's main invasion column which entered Zulu territory on 11 January 1879. The column crossed the border on the Buffalo River near an isolated mission station named Rorke's Drift, which was used as a staging post, and advanced 10 mi to the east where it set up camp at Isandlwana. However, along with a large contingent of Natal Native Contingent (NNC) troops, Bromhead's company was ordered to stay behind and guard the mission station until they were replaced by a detachment from the 2nd Battalion 4th Regiment which was en route from the rear.
At noon on 22 January the garrison's senior officer, Major Henry Spalding (Chelmsford's quartermaster general), received news of a Zulu presence in the area, and departed from Rorke's Drift in order to ascertain the whereabouts of reinforcements due from Helpmekaar. Consequently, Lieutenant John Chard, a Royal Engineer who had been given the task of maintaining the cable ferry across the river, was left as the senior officer. At around 15:00 a small number of dishevelled horsemen appeared with news that the camp at Isandlwana had been overwhelmed by a Zulu army that was probably on its way to attack Rorke's Drift. Acting Assistant Commissary James Dalton, an experienced former sergeant in the 85th Regiment, persuaded Bromhead and Chard that the best option was to remain at the station rather than make a fighting retreat. Rorke's Drift comprised two single-storey buildings approximately 30 m apart: the western building was being used as a makeshift hospital and the eastern building had been converted into a storehouse. Moving swiftly, the garrison erected a defensive perimeter between the two buildings using 200 lb mealie bags from the storehouse while the hospital walls were loopholed.
The appearance of some 4,000 Zulu warriors approaching the station just after 16:00 caused the contingent of NNC troops to panic and flee, reducing the number of defenders to approximately 139 men. Armed primarily with assegais the Zulus charged at the garrison but were cut down by the British volley fire. Nevertheless, the Zulus pressed on with repeated charges, particularly along a weak point to the north of the hospital where Bromhead and his men became embroiled in fierce hand-to-hand combat with their opponents. At around 18:00, with the thinly manned perimeter becoming increasingly difficult to defend, Chard ordered the defenders to abandon the perimeter around the hospital and withdraw to a smaller second line of defence by the storehouse.
Bromhead took up a position alongside Private Frederick Hitch at the corner of the barricade most exposed to Zulu sniper fire, and "[used] his rifle and revolver with deadly aim" while encouraging his men "not to waste one round". At this point Bromhead had a near miss when, unbeknownst to him, a Zulu warrior jumped the barrier intending to spear him. However, his attacker threw himself back over the wall when Hitch presented his unloaded rifle. Hitch was later shot through the shoulder and after he was bandaged up Bromhead gave him his revolver which enabled Hitch to continue shooting with one arm. Waves of Zulu attacks continued during the night but, by the early hours of the morning, their enthusiasm for battle waned and they departed from the area. British reinforcements arrived later that morning.
Aftermath
Bromhead and the other uninjured survivors remained at Rorke's Drift for several weeks after the battle. Wary of another Zulu attack, the garrison constructed crude stone walls around the perimeter and named the fortification "Fort Bromhead". During this time Bromhead became withdrawn and lethargic, possibly experiencing psychological trauma from the battle. Major Francis Clery, who was garrisoned at Rorke's Drift with Bromhead after the battle wrote, "the height of [Bromhead's] enjoyment seemed to be to sit all day on a stone on the ground smoking a most uninviting looking pipe. The only thing that seemed equal to moving him in any way was an allusion to the defence of Rorke's Drift. This used to have a sort of electrical effect upon him, for he would jump up and off he would go, not a word could be got out of him. When I told him he should send me an official report on the affair it seemed to have a most distressing effect on him."
After news of the disastrous defeat at Isandlwana, the successful defence of Rorke's Drift was celebrated by the British press and public. As the officers in command, Chard and Bromhead were singled out for particular praise. However, some of their fellow officers resented the plaudits bestowed on the pair, believing that they merely performed their duty by defending the outpost. Chelmsford's successor, Lieutenant-General Sir Garnet Wolseley, described the praise as "monstrous". A bemused Clery remarked that "Reputations are being made and lost here in an almost comical fashion... [Bromhead is a] capital fellow at everything except soldiering" while Lieutenant Henry Curling, who was also at Rorke's Drift with Bromhead after the battle, wrote "It is very amusing to read the accounts of Chard and Bromhead... Bromhead is a stupid old fellow, as deaf as a post. Is it not curious how some men are forced into notoriety?" Nevertheless, on 2 May it was announced that as a result of the action Bromhead had been promoted to captain and brevet major, and he had been awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest decoration for gallantry that could be awarded to British troops. The citation for the award was published in the London Gazette:
"THE Queen has been graciously pleased to signify Her intention to confer the decoration of the Victoria Cross on the undermentioned Officers and Soldiers of Her Majesty's Army, whose claims have been submitted for Her Majesty's approval, for their gallant conduct in the defence of Rorke's Drift, on the occasion of the attack by the Zulus, as recorded against their names, viz.:—
For their gallant conduct at the defence of Rorke's Drift, on the occasion of the attack by the Zulus on the 22nd and 23rd January, 1879.
Royal Engineers Lieutenant (now Captain and Brevet Major) J. R. M. Chard
2nd Battalion 24th Regiment Lieutenant (now Captain and Brevet Major) G. Bromhead
The Lieutenant-General commanding the troops reports that, had it not been for the fine example and excellent behaviour of these two Officers under the most trying circumstances, the defence of Rorke's Drift post would not have been conducted with that intelligence and tenacity which so essentially characterised it.
The Lieutenant-General adds, that its success must, in a great degree, be attributable to the two young Officers who exercised the Chief Command on the occasion in question."
Later career and death
On Bromhead's return to England, the villagers of Thurlby presented him with an illuminated address and a revolver, and the citizens of Lincoln awarded him a sword in recognition of his services in the Zulu campaign. He and Chard were invited to dine with Queen Victoria at Balmoral, but Bromhead was fishing in Ireland and did not receive the invitation until the date had passed. The Queen did not invite him again, but instead sent him a photograph of herself. Bromhead was posted to Gibraltar in 1880, and in August was dispatched to India, where he remained until March 1881. He then returned to England, where he attended the School of Musketry, Hythe, between October and December 1882, and gained a First Class Extra Certificate. He returned to India in 1883 with his battalion, which was based at Secunderabad, and was promoted to full major on 4 April that year. From 27 October 1886 to 24 May 1888 he served in Burma, where the battalion took part in the Third Anglo-Burmese War, being used to pacify the north of the region. The battalion was subsequently posted to Allahabad, India, where Bromhead died of typhoid fever on 9 February 1891.
Legacy
Bromhead was buried in the New Cantonment Cemetery in Allahabad. His Victoria Cross medal is owned by his family, and is displayed at the Regimental Museum of The Royal Welsh in Brecon in Wales.
Michael Caine, in his first major film role, portrayed Bromhead in the 1964 film Zulu, which was based on the Battle of Rorke's Drift. In the film Caine depicts him as a foppish aristocrat who fought well when the battle began. Bromhead is a main character in Peter Ho Davies's story "Relief", which appeared first in The Paris Review and was later published in Davies's 1997 collection The Ugliest House in the World. | WIKI |
KIXR
KIXR (1400 AM, "Kix Radio 1400 AM") is a radio station licensed to Provo, Utah. The station originates from a studio located in Orem, Utah. The station airs a talk radio format. KIXR also has a sister station, 96.7 KUTN. The station is owned by Sanpete County Broadcasting Co.
History
This station originally signed on as KCSU on November 23, 1947, and was owned and operated by Frank and Harold VanWagenen. The callsign changed to KIXX in 1958. The VanWagenens operated the station with studios and a transmitter at the edge of a golf course south of Provo until 1972 when it was sold to Mesa Broadcasting Corp., with headquarters in Grand Junction, Colorado. Former KOIL air personality Larry Cobb, was CEO of the 3-station chain, with sister stations in Grand Junction and Cheyenne, Wyoming. In early 1973 it became a country music station. The original country Program Director was Les Bagley, who later went on to WPOC in Baltimore, Maryland.
In 1976, the station was sold again, this time to country music singer and songwriter Whispering Bill Anderson of Nashville, Tennessee. The call letters were changed to KFTN, which emphasized the frequency of 1400 ("FTN" was fourteen, abbreviated). While the station was owned by Bill Anderson, the official title of ownership was "Whisper Communications of Nashville, a division of Stallion Music." Stallion Music was Bill Anderson's music publishing company.
The station again sold in 1981, still playing country, and changed its calls to KXYC on March 1, 1985. From May 1, 1985, to January 1, 1995, the station played nonstop Sunday music. On January 2, 1995, the station played show tunes, and then settled on soft adult contemporary music. The station has played the "Sounds of Sunday" for 20 years.
The station changed ownership in 1986, while the station was still known as KXYC. Many listeners heard the call letters as KXYZ, so in 1987, the calls became KSRR. This last change took effect on October 1, 1987.
The call sign KSRR was previously used by an FM rock music station operating at 96.5 MHz in Houston, Texas, up until October 15, 1986. That station is currently known as KHMX.
In 2017, the station went silent after the original tower near I-15 collapsed, while owned by Zeta Holdings, LLC. The station was then sold to a Utah County-based company Lucky Dog Broadcasting on December 20, 2018. The sale was consummated on May 21, 2019. On January 29, 2021, the station returned to air while a new tower was being built by the current owners. The previous tower collapse brought about several STAs with the FCC while the station worked to replace it. As of November 16, 2021, KWLO 1580 and its FM translator on 99.9 began broadcasting a repeating message telling listeners that "Utah's Goat" had moved to 96.7 FM, KQMB flipped to a classic hit format branded as Utah's Goat 96.7. Lucky Dog Broadcasting had been leasing the 1580 and 99.9 frequencies from owner RAMS III under a local marketing agreement (LMA); and due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Lucky Dog was unable to consummate the sale of KWLO and its associated translator. The new owner of 1580 and 99.9 was scheduled to take over operations of those frequencies beginning December 1, 2021. However, the transfer of station ownership was delayed by several months. Programming from Iglesia Pentecostal Vispera Del Fin began airing on KWLO on April 13, 2022. On March 31, 2022, it was announced that Sanpete County Broadcasting Co. had filed with the FCC to purchase KQMB and KSRR from Frank Mueller's Lucky Dog Broadcasting for $170,000. On August 31, 2022, the sale of KSRR, KQMB and K244DH from Lucky Dog Broadcasting to Sanpete County Broadcasting was consummated with the FCC. On October 6, 2022, Sanpete County Broadcasting applied to change the KSRR call letters to KIXR, then KIXR changed its branding to KIX Radio 1400 AM, and it joined the Fox News Radio. The KIXR call letters were assigned by the FCC on October 27, 2022. On October 13, 2022, KQMB was granted a "license to cover" by the FCC. On November 2, 2022, Sanpete County Broadcasting submitted a request to the FCC to change KQMB's call sign to KUTN. The change was approved by the FCC on November 9, 2022. On November 7, 2022, KUTN changed its branding to "Flashback 96.7" or in other words "96.7 Flashback".
Signal
The station's signal reaches throughout Utah County and into southern Salt Lake County. It broadcasts 1,000 watts in a non-directional pattern from a tower located in Provo, Utah. | WIKI |
Page:Harold Lamb--Marching Sands.djvu/101
swept the plain. Hardship brings out the strength and weakness of men. In his case it was weakness. Yet he seemed curiously alarmed at leaving Gray. Twelve hours ago he had implored his companion to give up the venture into the Gobi.
"Why are you doing this?" he asked.
"For two reasons. I don't want a sick man on my hands. And—you tried to destroy the maps. There's another reason" Gray hesitated, and broke off. "I don't claim to be your judge. Every man follows his own course in life. But yours and mine don't fit any longer. It's good-by, Professor."
He rose, knocking the ashes from his pipe. Delabar gave an exclamation of alarm.
"Suppose the men of Wu Fang Chien find me?"
"You'll be safer than here with me."
Delabar stared into the steady eyes of his companion, and his gaze shifted. "I can't go back. I must go with you."
"I've said good-by. Your coolie knows what he's to do. Choose your two mules."
"No. I'll be better now"
Gray smiled slightly.
"I doubt it. I've been watching you. Closer than you thought. Which mules do you want?"
Delabar flushed, and turned his animal back to the waiting group. He was muttering to himself uncertainly. Gray walked beside him. Once he | WIKI |
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