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How Late You Stay Up May Affect Your Food Choices
asweatlife_How Late You Stay Up May Affect Your Food Choices_featured
Would you say you’re a morning person, rolling out of bed most mornings in a happy, well-rested state? Or are you a night person, finding yourself more productive at night and staying up late on a regular basis? Turns out, the answer might have an impact on your diet.
In Finland, researchers monitored the diets of nearly 2,000 participants and labeled them as morning people or evening people using a tried-and-true questionnaire. From there, adjusting for variables like age, sex, BMI, smoking and sleep time, they found that both groups took in about the same amount of calories. Case closed, right?
Not exactly. The researchers discovered that the two groups gravitated towards different dietary choices. For example, on weekdays, the night owls ate less in the morning, and when they did eat, they chose foods that were higher in sugar (read: doughnuts) and lower in fiber, carbs and fats, including saturated fats (aka that amazing avo toast you crave every time someone Instagrams it).
On weekends, night owls got even more off track. They ate significantly more sugars and fats, had more irregular mealtimes and ate meals and snacks twice as frequently as the AM crew.
The researchers’ reasoning? By staying up later, night owls are rebelling against their biological clocks – the thing that tells us to wake up when the sun comes up and go to bed when it goes down. Reaching for high-sugar foods and eating more frequently are short-term fixes for getting an energy spike to get through the morning or stay up for one more episode of Shameless.
So if you’re a night person, are you resigned to a lifetime of doughnuts, Snickers and snacks? (I mean, twist my arm) Probably not. Chances are, you have the power to tweak your routine a little bit to live more of a Ben Franklin-style way of life (early to bed, early to rise).
Some of our favorite tricks to be more of a morning person:
• Go to bed and get up at the same time every day (yep, even on weekends – I know)
• Skip the snooze and get out of bed as soon as your alarm goes off
• Get some sort of physical activity every day
• Eat a nutritious diet designed to give you lasting energy throughout the day (foods that are high in fiber, protein, and healthy fats) – and turn down that late afternoon coffee, no matter how tempting it is
Even if you don’t make the leap to being a total morning person, don’t despair. Just by being aware of your sleep type and how it might affect your diet could be enough to keep your food choices in check. Just save the doughnuts for special occasions.
Let us know!
Eat Food Trends
About Kristen Geil
A native of Lexington, Kentucky, Kristen moved to Chicago in 2011 and received her MA in Writing, Rhetoric, and Discourse from DePaul while trying to maintain her southern accent. Kristen grew up playing sports, and since moving to Chicago, she’s fallen in love with the lakefront running path and the lively group fitness scene. Now, as a currently retired marathoner and sweat junkie, you can usually find her trying new workouts around the city and meticulously crafting Instagram-friendly smoothie bowls. Kristen came on to A Sweat Life full-time in 2018 as Editor-in-Chief, and she spends her days managing writers, building content strategy, and fighting for the Oxford comma. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Fed's Brainard warns about high asset prices even after the stock correction
Even with this year's correction, stocks and other assets are still high by historical standards, Fed Governor Lael Brainard said in a speech Tuesday. Speaking shortly after the stock market closed and reversed some of the steep losses from Monday, Brainard became the latest central bank official to express caution about the level of the 9-year-old bull market. "Valuations in a broad set of markets appear elevated relative to historical norms, even after taking into account recent movements," Brainard said during a speech in New York, according to prepared remarks. Prices for multi-family homes and commercial real estate also have risen, while capitalization rates, a key determinant for how properties are performing value wise, "have reached historical lows," she added. In addition to stocks and real estate, Brainard also issued a warning about cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, which have seen huge price declines this year after soaring in 2017. "These markets may raise important investor and consumer protection issues, and some appear especially vulnerable to money-laundering ... concerns," she said. "As in other highly speculative markets, individual investors should be careful to understand the possible pitfalls of these investments and the potential for losses." The Federal Reserve, where Brainard is considered one of the bigger proponents of low rates, has been slowly tightening policy as officials look to keep the economy from overheating. Since December 2015, the Fed has approved six quarter-point hikes for its benchmark interest rate, the most recent being in late March. Along with her warnings about potential overvaluations in markets, Brainard said Fed policy has helped stem the type of excessive risk-taking that led to the financial crisis of 2008. For instance, she said stock market valuations don't look so bad compared to the still-low level of Treasury yields, and pointed out that lenders appear aware of the danger for property value to reverse. She also said there are few signs that crypotcurrencies would pose a widespread threat to the financial system. "Despite elevated asset valuations, overall risks to the financial system remain moderate in no small part because important financial reforms have encouraged large banking institutions to build strong capital and liquidity buffers," Brainard said. However, she seemed to caution about the push for cutting back on some of the post-crisis financial reforms. "In the wake of the 2007-09 financial crisis and recession, we learned important lessons about the critical necessity of monitoring emerging financial vulnerabilities in a systematic fashion and taking corresponding prudential, macroprudential, and countercyclical policies to build resilience," she said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Sears' slow death is a gift to Walmart and Home Depot
New York (CNN Business)The battle for Sears customers is underway. Walmart, Target, Kohl's, Home Depot, and Best Buy are poised to capitalize from Sears' bankruptcy filing. Sears and Kmart have a combined 700 stores. The company has brought in $8.7 billion in revenue over the past year, leaving market share opportunities and sales of home appliances, TVs, tools, and clothing up for grabs. About 20% of Sears and Kmart stores will close by the end of the year, and rivals could face short-term pressure if the company heavily marks down merchandise. But big-box players, department chains, and discount stores are in strong positions to win former Sears' shoppers for years to come. Many companies, including Walmart (WMT), Amazon (AMZN), and Target (TGT), are hoping for a repeat of how they benefited from Toys "R" Us' liquidation earlier this year. The three are gunning to sweep up a chunk of the $7 billion in sales Toys "R" Us has left behind. Target's chief executive has noted how Toys "R" Us has already helped his company. Retailers have feasted off Sears' troubles for years and positioned their businesses for an environment without the once-dominant company. JCPenney (JCP), for example, made a big push into selling home appliances under former CEO Marvin Ellison. Appliances made up 16% of Sears' sales in 2017. Home Depot (HD) will gain $500 million in sales from Sears' continued losses in 2018 and Lowe's (LOW) will pick up $330 million, estimated MoffettNathanson retail analyst Greg Melich. Best Buy (BBY) will get a $175 million lift this year from shoppers who once bought TVs, iPhones and home speakers at Sears. Other companies will get a sales boost from shoppers who go to Sears for clothes and home decor. Kohl's (KSS), Macy's (M), and JCPenney share middle-age customers with Sears. The average age of both Kohl and Sears' shoppers is 50, while Macy's and Penney's average is 48, according to John Mercer, a senior analyst at retail think tank Coresight Research. Sears shoppers are most likely to shop at Walmart and Target. 92% of Sears customers visited Walmart, while 75% hit up Target, according to a Cowen research report. Walmart, Burlington Stores, JCPenney, and Ross Stores also have similar middle-income core customers. The average Sears customer had a $59,000 household income, while Walmart customers' average income was $55,000. Penney and Ross' were $61,000, Cowen found. A big factor in the race for Sears' customers will come down to where the company decides to shut down stores. Sears is expected post that list Monday afternoon. Here, TJX Companies (TJX), which owns Marshalls, TJ Maxx, and HomeGoods, has more than 1,300 stores within five miles of Sears', followed by Walmart and Target. Both have more than 500 stores within five miles of a Sears, according to Cowen. But the fight for the scraps at Sears' will be crowded. Retailers will need to bolster their relationships with Sears' suppliers and raise customer awareness about their brands and merchandise, according to Melich. "We believe the fight for share gains will be highly competitive, shares will be likely somewhat fragmented, and prior [Sears] shoppers could also just stay home and not shop for items that were more discretionary," Cowen analysts said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Bug 120933
Summary: tr not multibyte aware at all
Product: [Fedora] Fedora Reporter: Victor Ashik <victor>
Component: coreutilsAssignee: Tim Waugh <twaugh>
Status: CLOSED WONTFIX QA Contact: Brian Brock <bbrock>
Severity: medium Docs Contact:
Priority: medium
Version: rawhideCC: gajownik, mfabian, mitr, nscheibl
Target Milestone: ---
Target Release: ---
Hardware: All
OS: Linux
Whiteboard:
Fixed In Version: Doc Type: Bug Fix
Doc Text:
Story Points: ---
Clone Of: Environment:
Last Closed: 2005-05-09 08:19:04 EDT Type: ---
Regression: --- Mount Type: ---
Documentation: --- CRM:
Verified Versions: Category: ---
oVirt Team: --- RHEL 7.3 requirements from Atomic Host:
Cloudforms Team: ---
Description Victor Ashik 2004-04-15 09:01:03 EDT
Description of problem:
Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
How reproducible:
Steps to Reproduce:
1.
2.
3.
Actual results:
Expected results:
Additional info:
Comment 1 Victor Ashik 2004-04-15 09:09:18 EDT
Description of problem:
some of locale definitions are possibly incorrect: cannout
transliterate from [:lower:] to [:upper:]
Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
How reproducible:
Always
Steps to Reproduce:
1. export LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
2. date | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
3. export LANG=uk_UA.UTF-8
4. date | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
Actual results:
lower case of non-latin letters
Expected results:
upper case of non-latin letters
Additional info:
Sorry for pressing commit by mistake ;-)
Comment 2 Victor Ashik 2004-04-23 12:53:55 EDT
It seems that this is not a problem in glibc locale, this is a
problem in tr.
I found explanation here:
http://mail.nl.linux.org/linux-utf8/2003-08/msg00224.html
That's why I am trying to change component in this bug info.
Comment 3 Victor Ashik 2004-04-23 13:01:26 EDT
Here are problematic code lines in tr.c from coreutils-4.5.3 (RHEL3):
1969 if (class_s1 == UL_LOWER && class_s2 == UL_UPPER)
1970 {
1971 for (i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
1972 if (ISLOWER (i))
1973 xlate[i] = toupper (i);
1974 }
1975 else if (class_s1 == UL_UPPER && class_s2 ==
UL_LOWER)
1976 {
The problem is in usage of tolower() and toupper().
1977 for (i = 0; i < N_CHARS; i++)
1978 if (ISUPPER (i))
1979 xlate[i] = tolower (i);
1980 }
Comment 4 Tim Waugh 2004-04-30 06:44:00 EDT
Thanks. Actually there are other utilities in coreutils (like sort)
that are still using toupper/tolower for things as well.
Comment 5 Tim Waugh 2004-12-15 10:40:42 EST
Actually sort seems to be fine because even though it mistakenly uses toupper()
on a wchar instead of towupper, it so happens that collation usually (always?)
ignores case in non-C locales.
Anyway, I've fixed the small issue in sort.
tr is trickier, since it knows nothing about non-ASCII encodings..
Comment 6 Miloslav Trmač 2005-04-26 17:09:07 EDT
I have no idea how to write Unicode-aware tr "well".
Consider
tr '!"-@' '"-@!"
where @ is U+E007F. The range has 917599 code points,
among those roughly 26238 (probably fewer) are currently defined
characters. That's an awfully large table. If you sacrifice the
O(1) conversions and decide to do that by parsing the translation
tables for each input character, you still have to know how many
characters there are in the range (and do code points reserved
for surrogates count as characters?).
Now consider non-Unicode multibyte encodings (CJK...).
The set of characters in that range is smaller, but there
doesn't seem to be any way to enumerate them in "encoding-lexicographic"
order (that's what tr currently does for single-byte encodings) without
knowing the structure of the encoding, other than attempting to convert
every unicode character to that encoding, sorting the results lexicographically
and using a subsequence as the range.
Similar issues arise with character classes.
The only "reasonable" way to define the behavior I can see is
requiring that each range/character class has its counterpart
in the other set, using the same number of characters.
Comment 7 Tim Waugh 2005-05-09 08:19:04 EDT
Hmm, complicated. :-(
Perhaps best to leave this to upstream then.
Comment 8 Tim Waugh 2006-02-28 06:34:20 EST
*** Bug 183332 has been marked as a duplicate of this bug. *** | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What is fascism? A Yale philosopher explains how it works
“Fascism” is a word that gets tossed around pretty loosely these days, usually as an epithet to discredit someone else’s politics. One consequence is that no one really knows what the term means anymore. Liberals see fascism as the culmination of conservative thinking: an authoritarian, nationalist, and racist system of government organized around corporate power. For conservatives, fascism is totalitarianism masquerading as the nanny state. A new book by Yale philosopher Jason Stanley is the latest attempt to clarify what fascism is and how it functions in the modern world. Stanley focuses on propaganda and rhetoric, so his book is largely about the tropes and narratives that drive fascist politics. I spoke with him recently about what fascism looks like today, why the destruction of truth is so essential to fascist movements, and whether he thinks it’s accurate to call President Donald Trump a fascist, as some have. A lightly edited transcript of our conversation follows. Almost everyone means something different when they use the word “fascism.” What do you mean by it? I think of fascism as a method of politics. It’s a rhetoric, a way of running for power. Of course, that’s connected to fascist ideology, because fascist ideology centers on power. But I really see fascism as a technique to gain power. People are always asking, “Is such-and-such politician really a fascist?” Which is really just another way of asking if this person has a particular set of beliefs or an ideology, but again, I don’t really think of a fascist as someone who holds a set of beliefs. They’re using a certain technique to acquire and retain power. So fascism isn’t a discrete category — it’s a spectrum? Or a sliding scale? Right. And my book identifies the various techniques that fascists tend to adopt, and shows how someone can be more fascist or less fascist in their politics. The key thing is that fascist politics is about identifying enemies, appealing to the in-group (usually the majority group), and smashing truth and replacing it with power. We’ll get into some more of those techniques, but I’m curious why you think fascism is so hard to pin down as an ideology. People on the left see fascism as the endpoint of right-wing reactionary thinking, and people on the right see fascism as nanny-state totalitarianism. Obviously, it can’t be both of these things. I think it’s clearly right-wing. Part of the problem is that “right” and “left” are tricky to talk about, and it’s true that there are dangerous forms of extremism on both sides, but fascism tilts pretty heavily to the right in my view. If you think about fascism as a sliding scale, ordinary conservative politics is going to find itself somewhere on that scale — which is not to say that it’s fascist at all, any more than ordinary Democratic politics is communist. But just as extreme versions of communism suppress liberty on behalf of radical equality, so too do extreme versions of right-wing politics, namely fascism, suppress liberty in favor of tradition and dominance and power. Your specialty is propaganda and rhetoric, and in the book you describe fascism as a collection of tropes and narratives. So what, exactly, is the story fascists are spinning? In the past, fascist politics would focus on the dominant cultural group. The goal is to make them feel like victims, to make them feel like they’ve lost something and that the thing they’ve lost has been taken from them by a specific enemy, usually some minority out-group or some opposing nation. This is why fascism flourishes in moments of great anxiety, because you can connect that anxiety with fake loss. The story is typically that a once-great society has been destroyed by liberalism or feminism or cultural Marxism or whatever, and you make the dominant group feel angry and resentful about the loss of their status and power. Almost every manifestation of fascism mirrors this general narrative. Why is the destruction of truth, as a shared ideal, so critical to the fascist project? It’s important because truth is the heart of liberal democracy. The two ideals of liberal democracy are liberty and equality. If your belief system is shot through with lies, you’re not free. Nobody thinks of the citizens of North Korea as free, because their actions are controlled by lies. Truth is required to act freely. Freedom requires knowledge, and in order to act freely in the world, you need to know what the world is and know what you’re doing. You only know what you’re doing if you have access to the truth. So freedom requires truth, and so to smash freedom you must smash truth. There’s a great line from the philosopher Hannah Arendt, I think in her book about totalitarianism, where she says that fascists are never content to merely lie; they must transform their lie into a new reality, and they must persuade people to believe in the unreality they’ve created. And if you get people to do that, you can convince them to do anything. I think that’s right. Part of what fascist politics does is get people to disassociate from reality. You get them to sign on to this fantasy version of reality, usually a nationalist narrative about the decline of the country and the need for a strong leader to return it to greatness, and from then on their anchor isn’t the world around them — it’s the leader. This is partly why I think of fascism as a kind of anti-politics. I remember reading a quote from Joseph Goebbels, who was the chief propagandist for the Nazis, and he said that what he was doing was more like art than politics. By which he meant their task was to create an alternative mythical reality for Germans that was more exciting and purposeful than the humdrum reality of liberal democratic politics, and that’s why mass media was so essential the rise of Nazism. That’s so interesting. The thing is, people willingly adopt the mythical past. Fascists are always telling a story about a glorious past that’s been lost, and they tap into this nostalgia. So when you fight back against fascism, you’ve got one hand tied behind your back, because the truth is messy and complex and the mythical story is always clear and compelling and entertaining. It’s hard to undercut that with facts. This is probably a good time to pivot to the glittering elephant in the room: Donald Trump. Is he a fascist? I make the case in my book that he practices fascist politics. Now, that doesn’t mean his government is a fascist government. For one thing, I think it’s very difficult to say what a fascist government is. For another thing, I think the current movement of leaders who use these techniques (Vladimir Putin in Russia, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, Viktor Orbán in Hungary, to name a few) all seek to keep the trappings of democratic institutions, but their goal is to reorient them around their own cult of personality. Again, I wouldn’t claim — not yet, at least — that Trump is presiding over a fascist government, but he is very clearly using fascist techniques to excite his base and erode liberal democratic institutions, and that’s very troubling. But the blame there is as much on the Republican Party as it is on Trump, because none of this would matter if they were willing to check Trump. So far, they’ve chosen loyalty to Trump over loyalty to rule of law. In the book, you imply that there’s something inherently fascist about American politics, or at the very least that fascism has always been a latent force in America. Can you elaborate on that? Well, the Ku Klux Klan deeply affected Adolf Hitler. He explicitly praised the 1924 Immigration Act, which severely limited the number of immigrants allowed to enter the US, as a useful model. The 1920s and the 1930s was a very fascist time in the United States. You’ve got very patriarchal family values and a politics of resentment aimed at black Americans and other groups as internal threats, and this gets exported to Europe. So we have a long history of genocide against native peoples and anti-black racism and anti-immigration hysteria, and at the same time there’s a strain of American exceptionalism, which manifests as a kind of mythological history and encourages Americans to think of their own country as a unique force for good. This doesn’t make America a fascist country, but all of these ingredients are easily channeled into a fascist politics. And yet at the same time there are countervailing forces that push us in the opposite direction, and so America exists in this perpetual tension between liberal democracy and reactionary fascism. Absolutely. America is exceptional in good ways as well. We have an exceptional devotion to liberty and equality, as embodied in our struggle for civil rights and our fight against fascism in World War II. I’m corny about these things, and I believe America has had truly great moments and has made a lot of progress. But, as you said, the fascist threat is always lurking, and we just have to be aware of it. What does your book have to say about the way forward? If we are indeed threatened by fascist movements, both here and abroad, what can citizens and governments do about it? We should heed the warning of the poem on the side of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, which says, “First they came for the socialists, and I did not speak out because I was not a socialist. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I did not speak out because I was not a trade unionist. Then they came for the Jews, and I did not speak out because I was not Jewish. Then they came for me and there was no one left to speak for me.” At a certain point it’s too late. We learned first from that poem who the targets are. The targets are leftists, minorities, labor unions, and anyone or any institution that isn’t glorified in the fascist narrative. And even if you’re not in any of those groups, you have to protect those who are, and you have to protect them from the very beginning. Simple acts of courage early on will save you impossible acts of courage later. To be clear, this isn’t alarmist. We’re not on the brink of some fascist takeover. But there are reasons to be concerned, and we should always be on guard — that’s the lesson of history. Our weapons are our high ideals of liberty and equality, and we have to fight to keep those American ideals. We’re fortunate enough to have liberty and equality baked into our founding ideals. We have a long history of people appealing to those ideals and saying, “We might disagree on a number of things but we agree that truth, liberty, equality are things we stand up for.” So whatever happens, we have to continually double down on those ideals — that’s what will save us. This article was originally published on September 19, 2018. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Volume I Part 1.djvu/567
PLAN OF CARTHAGE (MANNERT).
such a manner that the determination of its position goes far to settle the chief doubt already referred to. It jutted out from the isthmus (JLvi tsI aGxcm), towards the W. between the lake and the sea (liiiii Kifirrit f lol T^i 3iiXiiiT0i)i), and in the closest proximity to the harbours, and also at the weaker extremity of the strong landward wall of the city. (See below.) All the particulars of Appian's description seem to point to the sandy tongue of land which extends SW. from the S. extremity of the peninsula to the Goletta, or mouth of the Lagoon of Tunis, and divides in part this lagoon (the Af/int of Appian) from the open tea. That this tongue of land is larger than he describes it, is a confirmation of the identity, considering the changes which we know to have been going on; and the slight discrepancy involved in his making the taenia jut out from the isthmus, whereas it actually proceeds from the peninsula, it surely hardly worthy of discussion. No room would have been left for doubt, had Appian told us what lake (Miim) he meant; hot that he omits to tell us this, seems of itself a strong proof that he meant the Lagoon of Tunis. The other and much less probable opinion is that the lake was on the N. side of the isthmus, where we now find the salt marsh of Sebcha-es-Subara: this view of course inverts the whole topography of the peninsula, by involving the necessity of seeking the Byrsa and the harbours on its N. side. Those writers, including even Ritter, who have adopted the latter view, seem to have been misled by Shaw, who, finding on the N. side the village now called El-Meria, i.e. the Port, in a position which, though now inland, must anciently have been on the sea shore, proceeds to identify this site (though indeed rather by implication than positive assertion) with the ancient harbour of Carthage. (Shaw, Travels, &c., p. 150.) 2. The Walls are especially difficult to trace with any certainty. At the time when the city wasmost flourishing, it is pretty clear that they encompassed, as might have been expected, the whole circuit of the peninsula, speaking generally; and Appian informs us that on one side (evidently towards the sea, but the words are wanting) there was only a single wall, because of the precipitous nature of the ground; but that on the S., towards the land-side, it was threefold. But when we come to particulars, first, as to the sea-side, it is not certain whether the two eminences of C. Ghamart and C. Carthage were included within the fortifications, or were left, either wholly or in part, unfortified on account of their natural strength. In the final siege, we find Mancinus attacking from the side of the sea a part of the wall, the defence of which was neglected on account of the almost inaccessible precipices on that side, and establishing himself in a fort adjacent to the walls (Appian. Pun. 113). On the whole, it seems probable that on both the great heights the walls were drawn along the summit rather than the base, so that they would not include the N. slope of C. Ghamart, nor the E. and S. slopes of C. Carthage. (Barth. pp. 83, 84.) The land side presents still greater difficulties. The length of the wall which Scipio drew across the isthmus to blockade the city, and which was 25 stadia (or 3 M. P.) from sea to sea (Appian. Pun. 95, 119; Polyb. i. 73; Strab. xvii. p. 832), gives us only the measure of the width of the isthmus (probably at its narrowest part), not of the landface of the city, which stood on wider ground. Strabo (xvii. p. 832) assigns to the whole walls a circumference of 360 stadia, 60 of which belonged to the wall on the land side, which reached from sea to sea. Explicit as this statement is, it seems impossible to reconcile it with the actual dimensions of the peninsula, for which even the 23 M. P. assigned to it by Livy (Epit. ii.; Oros. iv. 22, gives 22 M. P.) would seem to be too much (Barth, p. 85). Attempts have been made to obtain the 85 stadia of Strabo by taking in the walls along the N. and S. sides of the peninsula, as well as that across it on the land side, which is quite inconsistent with the plain meaning of the writer; or by supposing that Strabo gives the total length of the triple line of wall, a most arbitrary and improbable assumption. Besides, the language of Strabo seems obviously to refer to the actual width of that part of the isthmus across which the wall was built (t^ 4(i]iro>TatfTd3ior ^^irar aurht 6 aux^r iwix"i taBnttr Ml 3aAitm)i M 3ifAaTT»'). The only feasible explanation seems to be, that the wall was not built across the narrowest part of the isthmus, but was thrown back to where it had begun to widen out into the peninsula; and it seems also fair to make some allowance for deviations from a straight line. A confirmation of the length assigned to the wall by Strabo is found in Appian's statement, that Scipio made simultaneous attacks on the land defences of Megara alone at points 20 stadia distant from each other, the whole breadth of the isthmus being, as we have seen, only 25 stadia.
Be this as it may, we know that this land wall formed by for the most important part of the defences of the city. It consisted of three distinct lines, one behind the other, each of them 30 cubits high without the parapets. There were towers at the distance of 3 plethra, 4 stories high, and 30 feet deep. Within each wall were built two stories of vaulted chambers, or casements, in the lower | WIKI |
How did Helen learn the word "water"?
At the very beginning of the book, Keller tells us that the word "water," which was one of the few words she had learned before her illness, remained with her even after she went deaf and blind. She continued to make some form of this word until she learned how to spell it out, indicating that this was a fundamental concept for her and that she had some existing understanding of it as a word.
Later, Helen's teacher named Ms. Sullivan begins to teach Helen to spell out words by spelling letters into her hand and then putting Helen's hand in contact with the object the word describes. This works to an extent, but it is only when she learns the word "water" that Helen has a true breakthrough.
Ms. Sullivan takes her outside into the warm sunshine, and the two walk down to a well house, where water is jetting from a spout in a "cool stream." Placing Helen's hand under this stream, Ms. Sullivan begins to spell the word "water" into Helen's other hand, over and over. Suddenly, Helen realizes that the water flowing over her hand is represented by the symbols being written into her other hand, and the previously lifeless symbols suddenly become real to her.
check Approved by eNotes Editorial | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Gr33nGr4c3
Introduction to Ernest Gaines’ A Lesson Before Dying
Kaplan
Use the following websites to answer these questions.
http:aalbc.com/authors/ernest.htm
1. Where is Ernest Gaines from? He is from Parish louisanna
2. How does his hometown relate to his writing? Gaines published his first short story in 1956. Since then he has written eight books of fiction, including Catherine Carmier, Of Love and Dust, Bloodline, The Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman, A Long Day in November, In My Father's House, and A Gathering of Old Men, most of which are available in Vintage paperback editions. A Lesson Before Dying, his most recent novel, won the 1993 National Book Critics Circle Award. He has also been awarded a MacArthur Foundation grant, for writings of "rare historical resonance."
3. Why did he leave the South? Gaines divides his time between San Francisco and Lafayette, Louisiana, where he is writer in residence at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. He is married to the lawyer Dianne Saulney
4. What was his childhood like? he was without any parental unit at all
Go to http://cajunculture.com/Other/creole.htm. Read about Creole.
5. Define the term Creole in your own terms. it means to create
Go to http://cmgww.com/sports/louis/louis.html
6. What years did Jackie Robinson play professional baseball? he played from 1947-1956
7. Why is he an important figure in history? because he was a six time all star 8. Who is Joe Louis? an english soccor player
9. Why would he be considered a hero? Following a knee injury to Paul Crichton, 16-year-old schoolboy keeper Lewis was handed a first team squad number and a place on the bench for victories over Crystal Palace and Reading in the 2003–04 season.
Go to http://www.aclu.org/DeathPenalty/DeathPenaltyMain.cfm
10. What is capital punishment? death
11. How does the race of a victim a decisive factor in sentencing? The ACLU opposes capital punishment as a clear violation of the Eighth Amendment's ban on cruel and unusual punishments. One reason the death penalty presents such a clear Eighth Amendment violation is that it is routinely imposed based on wholly improper factors, such as race, class, venue, the quality of counsel, whether the defendant is a resident of or a visitor to the jurisdiction in which the case is tried. Unequal justice is no justice at all.
12. Today, what percent of death row inmates are Black? 75%
Go to http://www.nhmccd.cctx.us/contracts/lrc/kc/decades40.html
13. What major event defined the 1940s? the depression
14. What dominated popular music at the beginning of the decade? jazz
15. Who was Duke Ellington? a jazz singer
16. Who was Ella Fitzgerald? a jaz singer
17. What was the average teacher’s salary?
18. What was the average salary? 2$ an hour
19. What percentage of the population was unemployed? 87% | WIKI |
Daniël van Vlierden
Daniël van Vlierden (1651, Hasselt – 1716, Hasselt) was a Flemish sculptor who is mainly known for his Baroque sculpture in churches in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. The style of van Vlierden is characterized by a sober realism in both the decorative elements as the figure sculptures.
Life
Daniël van Vlierden's father was the sculptor Mark van Vlierden, who had moved from his presumed native town Antwerp to Hasselt around 1641–1642 to set up a workshop there. Mark van Vlierden had likely been attracted by the opportunities that Hasselt offered to a sculptor and the limited local competition. Hasselt was the principal town of the Dutch speaking part of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. It had recovered from the aftermath of the iconoclastic fervour of the Calvinists in the 16th century and could provide sufficient employ for a sculptor working in the latest style of Antwerp, the leading artistic centre in Flanders. Mark van Vlierden mainly worked on religious commissions.
The mother of Daniël van Vlierden was Elisabeth Pijlmans. Daniël had two brothers and two sisters. He was barely seven years old when his father died. There is no information about his training as a sculptor. Daniël married Catherine Gielen in Hasselt on 9 May 1676. Seven children were born from this marriage between 1678 and 1691. After their marriage, the couple moved to the 'Witte Haen' (White cock) in the Demerstraat in Hasselt. Van Vlierden was appointed steward of the Saint Quentin Church in Hasselt in 1678, a position he held until 1685.
He participated as a member of the Chamber of Bachelors in the battle of the Planck Meadow on New Year's Day 1682. He made a hole in the city walls so that the guns could be brought out. Apparently his actions were not held against him for long after the cessation of hostilities and he could take advantage of the general amnesty.
Work
Van Vlierden was more than a skilled woodworker although he lacked the virtuosity of his contemporary Flemish Baroque sculptors.
He received a major commission for sculptures in the St. Peter in Chains Church in Beringen, Belgium pursuant to a contract signed in 1686. The Baroque paneling, altars and at least three of the confessionals in the church in Beringen were produced by van Vlierden in collaboration with cabinetmaker Tillman Janssens from Hasselt. Three of the four confessionals can be attributed with certainty to van Vlierden on the basis of stylistic similarities with the confessionals that he made for the Dominican church in Maastricht (now in the Basilica of Saint Servatius). The facial expressions and the arrangement of the figures point in the direction of van Vlierden. One confessional in the northern transept is probably the work of the eminent Antwerp sculptor Artus Quellinus II, given the similarity with the design drawn by Artus Quellinus II. The sculpture of the Holy Sepulchre in the north aisle of the church can also be attributed with certainty to van Vlierden. The main altar displays certain characteristics of van Vlierden's expressive forms. However, it cannot be attributed to him with certainty. The execution of the pulpit is certainly the work of another, less skilled sculptor.
Van Vlierden sculpted in the period 1682–1683 and in 1689 four side altars in the St. Catherine Church in Tongeren, which he completed with the assistance of Jan Caproens, a local carpenter.
The only work that has been signed by van Vlierden are seven confessionals that he made for the Dominican church in Maastricht and are now in the Basilica of Saint Servatius. One of the seven confessionals has a sculpture of King David holding a harp. On the body of the harp is written: d. van vlierden fecit hasselen. This ensemble can be dated between 1695 and 1706 on the basis of the dates that are painted on the confessionals. The iconography of the confessionals constitutes a coherent whole. This was in line with the requirements of the Counter-Reformation which demanded that artists created paintings and sculptures in church contexts that would speak to the illiterate rather than to the well-informed. The Counter-Reformation stressed certain points of religious doctrine, as a result of which certain church furniture, such as the confessional gained an increased importance. The Dominicans for whom van Vlierden made the confessionals in Maastricht also subscribed to the view that the confessionals should clarify the deeper meaning of the confession to the faithful. A similar programmatic scheme of confessionals and interior decoration had been implemented previously in the St. Paul's Church in Antwerp. The seven Maastricht confessionals follow this example.
H. Jaminé and J.-G. the Corswarem attribute to van Vlierden the equestrian statue of St. George and the Dragon above the altar in the chapel of St. Sebastian and St. George along the south portal of the St. Quentin Cathedral in Hasselt.
Van Vlierden also created a side altar in the St. Quentin Cathedral together with Tillman Janssens. This side altar that was likely similar to the main altar in the church in Beringen was sold at the end of the 19th century and has disappeared.
The emblem and escutcheon of the chamber of rhetoric De Roode Roos (The Red Rose) of Hasselt was also by his hand as it incorporates his own escutcheon.
Style
Van Vlierden's style is represented most clearly in the confessionals he made for the churches in Beringen and Maastricht. The treatment of garments typical of the high Baroque was alien to him. He draped the garments of the figures in a natural way around the bodies, without, however, accentuating the bodyparts. At the height of the hip of the static leg the busy folds, along with the movement of the arm, compensate the dynamics of the moving leg. The Contrapposto pose is used in all the figures of the confessionals and the two figures on each side of the confessionals always mirror each other. The muscles of the upper body, abdomen, arms and legs are represented in an almost anatomically exact manner. By respecting the general proportions and a natural posture the sculptures appear lifelike. Each figure is typified as an individual through the appropriate clothing and attributes. In the small-scale sculptures van Vlierden dared to emphasize movement which he, however, downplayed in the life-size sculptures.
The style of van Vlierden is characterized by a sober realism in both the decorative elements as the figure sculptures. In Beringen he worked after a design by Artus Quellinus II. As a result he was confronted directly with the prevailing high Baroque idiom which he followed faithfully in the decorative elements but not in the depiction of the angels and saints. These are as austere as the images of the penitents, which he executed some 15 years later in Maastricht where he even omitted the high Baroque decorative elements. Compared to his contemporaries from Flanders and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, he lacked the exuberant flourish and movement. His decorations and figure sculptures aimed to be functional within the macro-framework of the church and the micro-context of the confessional and the altar. The Baroque element was clearly present, but did not dominate. | WIKI |
Page:EB1911 - Volume 12.djvu/879
Rh anatomical, pathological and physical institutes, hospitals, an agricultural institute—one of the foremost institutions of the kind in Germany—a meteorological institute, an observatory and a library of 180,000 printed volumes and 800 manuscripts. Among other educational establishments must be mentioned the Francke’sche Stiftungen, founded in 1691 by August Hermann Francke (1663–1727), a bronze statue of whom by Rauch was erected in 1829 in the inner court of the building. They embrace an orphanage, a laboratory where medicines are prepared and distributed, a Bible press from which Bibles are issued at a cheap rate, and eight schools of various grades, attended in all by over 3000 pupils. The other principal institutions are the city gymnasium, the provincial lunatic asylum, the prison, the town hospital and infirmary, and the deaf and dumb institute. The salt-springs of Halle have been known from a very early period. Some rise within the town and others on an island in the Saale; and together their annual yield of salt is about 8500 tons.
The workmen employed at the salt-works are of a peculiar race and are known as the Halloren. They have been usually regarded as descendants of the original Wendish inhabitants, or as Celtic immigrants, with an admixture of Frankish elements. They wear a distinct dress, the ordinary costume of about 1700, observe several ancient customs, and enjoy certain exemptions and privileges derived from those of the ancient Pfannerschaft (community of the salt-panners).
Among the other industries of Halle are sugar refining, machine building, the manufacture of spirits, malt, chocolate, cocoa, confectionery, cement, paper, chicory, lubricating and illuminating oil, wagon grease, carriages and playing cards, printing, dyeing and coal mining (soft brown coal). The trade, which is supervised by a chamber of commerce, is very considerable, the principal exports being machinery, raw sugar and petroleum. Halle is also noted as the seat of several important publishing firms. The Bibelanstalt (Bible institution) of von Castein is the central authority for the revision of Luther’s Bible, of which it sells annually from 60,000 to 70,000 copies.
Halle is first mentioned as a fortress erected on the Saale in 806 by Charles, son of Charlemagne, during his expedition against the Sorbs. The place was, however, known long before, and owes its origin as well as its name to the salt springs (Halis). In 968 Halle, with the valuable salt works, was given by the emperor Otto I. to the newly founded archdiocese of Magdeburg, and in 981 Otto II. gave it a charter as a town. The interests of the archbishop were watched over by a Vogt (advocatus) and a burgrave, and from the first there were separate jurisdictions for the Halloren and the German settlers in the town, the former being under that of the Salzgraf (comes salis), the latter of a Schultheiss or bailiff, both subordinate to the burgrave. The conflict of interests and jurisdictions led to the usual internecine strife during the middle ages. The panners (Pfänner) of the Tal, feudatories or officials, became a close hereditary aristocracy in perpetual rivalry with the gilds in the town; and both resisted the pretensions of the archbishops. At the beginning of the 12th century Halle had attained considerable importance, and in the 13th and 14th centuries as a member of the Hanseatic League it carried on successful wars with the archbishops of Magdeburg; and in 1435 it resisted an army of 30,000 men under the elector of Saxony. Its liberty perished, however, as a result of the internal feud between the democratic gilds and the patrician panners. On the 20th of September 1478 a demagogue and cobbler named Jakob Weissak, a member of the town council, with his confederates opened the gates to the soldiers of the archbishop. The townsmen were subdued, and to hold them in check the archbishop, Ernest of Saxony, built the castle of Moritzburg. Notwithstanding the efforts of the archbishops of Mainz and Magdeburg, the Reformation found an entrance into the city in 1522; and in 1541 a Lutheran superintendent was appointed. After the peace of Westphalia in 1648 the city came into the possession of the house of Brandenburg. In 1806 it was stormed and taken by the French, after which, at the peace of Tilsit, it was united to the new kingdom of Westphalia. After the battle between the Prussians and French, in May 1813, it was taken by the Prussians. The rise of Leipzig was for a long time hurtful to the prosperity of Halle, and its present rapid increase in population and trade is principally due to its position as the centre of a network of railways.
See Dreyhaupt, Ausführliche Beschreibung des Saalkreises (Halle, 2 vols., 1755; 3rd edition, 1842–1844); Hoffbauer, Geschichte der Universität zu Halle (1806); Halle in Vorzeit und Gegenwart (1851); Knauth, Kurze Geschichte und Beschreibung der Stadt Halle (3rd ed., 1861); vom Hagen, Die Stadt Halle (1866–1867); Hertzberg, Geschichte der Vereinigung der Universitäten von Wittenberg und Halle (1867); Voss, Zur Geschichte der Autonomie der Stadt Halle (1874); Schrader, Geschichte der Friedrichs-Universität zu Halle (Berlin, 1894); Karl Hegel, Städte und Gilden der germanischen Völker (Leipzig, 1891), ii. 444–449.
HALLECK, FITZ-GREENE (1790–1867), American poet, was born at Guilford, Connecticut, on the 8th of July 1790. By his mother he was descended from John Eliot, the “Apostle to the Indians.” At an early age he became clerk in a store at Guilford, and in 1811 he entered a banking-house in New York. Having made the acquaintance of Joseph Rodman Drake, in 1819 he assisted him under the signature of “Croaker junior” in contributing to the New York Evening Post the humorous series of “Croaker Papers.” In 1821 he published his longest poem, Fanny, a satire on local politics and fashions in the measure of Byron’s Don Juan. He visited Europe in 1822–1823, and after his return published anonymously in 1827 Alnwick Castle, with other Poems. From 1832 to 1841 he was confidential agent of John Jacob Astor, who named him one of the trustees of the Astor library. In 1864 he published in the New York Ledger a poem of 300 lines entitled “Young America.” He died at Guilford, on the 19th of November 1867. The poems of Halleck are written with great care and finish, and manifest the possession of a fine sense of harmony and of genial and elevated sentiments.
His Life and Letters, by James Grant Wilson, appeared in 1869. His Poetical Writings, together with extracts from those of Joseph Rodman Drake, were edited by Wilson in the same year.
HALLECK, HENRY WAGER (1815–1872), American general and jurist, was born at Westernville, Oneida county, N.Y., in 1815, entered the West Point military academy at the age of twenty, and on graduating in 1839 was appointed to the engineers, becoming at the same time assistant professor of engineering at the academy. In the following year he was made an assistant to the Board of Engineers at Washington, from 1841 to 1846 he was employed on the defence works at New York, and in 1845 he was sent by the government to visit the principal military establishments of Europe. After his return, Halleck delivered a course of lectures on the science of war, published in 1846 under the title Elements of Military Art and Science. A later edition of this work was widely used as a text-book by volunteer officers during the Civil War. On the outbreak of the Mexican War in 1846, he served with the expedition to California and the Pacific coast, in which he distinguished himself not only as an engineer, but by his skill in civil administration and by his good conduct before the enemy. He served for several years in California as a staff officer, and as secretary of state under the military government, and in 1849 he helped to frame the state constitution of California, on its being admitted into the Union. In 1852 he was appointed inspector and engineer of lighthouses, and in 1853 was employed in the fortification of the Pacific coast. In 1854 Captain Halleck resigned his commission and took up the practice of law with great success. He was also director of a quicksilver mine, and in 1855 he became president of the Pacific & Atlantic railway. On the outbreak of the Civil War he returned to the army as a major-general, and in November 1861 he was charged with the supreme command in the western theatre of war. There can be no question that his administrative skill was mainly instrumental in bringing order out of chaos in the hurried formation of large volunteer armies in 1861, but the strategical and tactical successes of the following spring were due rather to the skill and activity of his subordinate generals Grant, Buell and Pope, than to the plans of the supreme commander, and when he assumed command of the united forces of these three generals before Corinth, the methodical slowness of his advance aroused much criticism. In July, however, he was called to Washington as general-in-chief of the armies. At headquarters his administrative powers were conspicuous, but he proved to be utterly wanting in any large grasp of the military problem; the successive reverses of Generals McClellan, Pope, Burnside and Hooker in Virginia were not infrequently traceable to the defects of the general-in-chief. No co-ordination of the military efforts of the Union was seriously undertaken by Halleck, and eventually in March 1864 Grant was appointed to | WIKI |
Page:Supplement to harvesting ants and trap-door spiders (IA supplementtoharv00mogg).pdf/97
Auss. (formerly called N. meridionalis), has already been partially made known by the figures and description given of it in Ants and Spiders (Plates IX., X., and XI., pp. 98, 100, and 104); but I have to confess, with great regret, that when these illustrations and descriptions were published, I was not fully acquainted with the true structure of this nest, having overlooked the existence of a short descending cavity which leaves the main tube a little above and on the opposite side to the ascending branch. This cavity is always present, but the very largest and oldest spiders usually allow it to become filled up with remains of food and particles of earth, and sometimes even spin silk across its entrance, in which case it can only be traced on very close examination.
It was from an old nest such as this, in which the descending cavity had been closed up, that the large drawing at fig. A on Plate IX. of ''Ants and Spiders'' was made, and this figure, therefore, still remains substantially correct.
But in the case of the other illustrations—namely, fig. B, Plate IX., fig. A, Plate X., and figs. B and B 1, Plate XI., where nests of young spiders, or of spiders | WIKI |
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* Extremely long cycle life: after more than 150 cycles, more than 90% of rated capacity remained ;
* High safety Li-polymer battery reaches international advanced level, overcoming the fatal problem of safety,in line with development tendency of the world regulations,above;
http://www.fentbattery.com/en/Cylindrical.asp?id=467&pid=108 | WIKI |
PyTut: (Teminology) To clone, copy, or spawn -- that is the question!
Discussion in 'Python' started by Rick Johnson, Jan 16, 2013.
1. Rick Johnson
Rick Johnson Guest
PyTut: (Teminology) To clone, copy, or spawn -- that is the question!
I've many time seen these three words applied improperly as symbols and believe i should explicitly define these terms in a programming context so that we all might use them correctly.
Also notice that i did not mention "deepcopy". I did so for good reason because i believe the term "deepcopy" should NEVER be used in a programming context anymore (maybe anywhere).
Firstly let's understand the English definitions of clone, copy and spawn:
--------------------------------------------------------
Define: Clone
-------------------------------------------------------
1. A cell, cell product, or organism that is
genetically identical to the unit or individual from
which it was derived.
2. Something that duplicates, imitates, or
closely resembles another in appearance, function,
performance, or style: All the fashion models seemed to
be clones of one another.
[Disambiguation] In the first definition, a clone is an object that is created by building an new object whos' internal structure is perfectly /identical/ to the internal structure of the existing object. In the second definition an object imitates another object so closely that an observer cannot distinguish between the individuals of a group and consequently refers to all members as a whole. Both are correct within their respective relativities, however, the first definition is based upon /tangible facts/ and the second depends on an observers' /interpretation/.
--------------------------------------------------------
Define: Copy
--------------------------------------------------------
A thing made to be similar or identical to another.
[Disambiguation] I believe this definition is self-defeating. Maybe even expressing circular reasoning. Can something be similar or identical? I thinknot! identical and similar are NOT interchangeable. My /strong/ opinion isthat ALL copies must be /identical/. Not only in appearance, but in every possible detail; internal structure, state, EVERYTHING!
--------------------------------------------------------
Define: Spawn
--------------------------------------------------------
To bring forth, or generate.
[Disambiguation] This definition is the correct base definition of "spawn".However, the definition does disqualify specific use of the word leaving only general usage. Sure, we are creating (or "spawning") /something/, but what /exactly/ are we creating? Also, we have no hint as to which paradigm will be used to do the creating; will the result of this "spawning" be an *exact* copy of "something", or a /similar/ copy of "something", or somethingnew that is based on a paradigm of creation for which we are oblivious? Who knows?
--------------------------------------------------------
Terminology Transformation
--------------------------------------------------------
If you ever find yourself in a situation where you need to create a new object from an existing object, be sure you use them following these simple and intuitive rules:
* Clone: Only use "clone" when you intent to create a new object that is an exact replication of the existing object (interface) but NOT an object that will be initalized with the existing objects' state! The new clone should look like the old object and interface like the old object, HOWEVER, the new clone's state should be a default, NOT A COPY!
* Copy: Only use "copy" when you intend to create a new object that is an EXACT copy of the original object. Yes, that means all the way down to the deepest nesting, farthest corners, and smelliest nether-regions of the object! I don't like the term "deepcopy" because there is only ONE type of copy, and that is the *EXACT* copy.
* Spawn: This term is so general that usage of it should be limited to /very/ generic interfaces. Interfaces that need to create something in a "factory" type manner would be a good example. These interfaces should be low level. Interfaces existing above should provide more specifics and use the copy or clone terminology appropriately.
-rr
Rick Johnson, Jan 16, 2013
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Articles
Mailbox versus Journal Archiving
Frederic Bourget, VP of Product at IPRO
Organizations archive emails for various reasons. Some do it for storage management, others do it for retention compliance, while others do it to enable eDiscovery & Search. Over time, the reasons for archiving, as well as the technology behind archiving, have significantly evolved. From on-premise only systems to cloud systems, different vendors have offered two ways to archive emails: Journal Archiving and Mailbox Archiving. The choice of the type of archiving you want depends on your objectives for archiving. Both have benefits and drawbacks. In this blog post, I’ll review the differences between the two so that you can make the best decision for your organization.
What is Journal Archiving?
Journal Archiving is catching emails as they circulate. Typically set up as a forwarding rule in the mail system’s MTA, which is the part of the mail system that sends emails from one mailbox to another, this part of the server has the capability to copy any emails to another recipient or mailbox. So the journal mailbox is the location where all of the emails that have been transferred by the MTA are copied. In this scenario, the mail server takes the original message and sends it as an attachment to another email that is addressed to the archiving server. This allows for the original content to be kept as is. So for every email that the MTA sends, the archiving solution receives an email and is then able to unwrap the email, remove the attachment, and store this attachment in the archive.
A journal archive from a specific server contains all of the emails that the server has sent. The majority of email archiving cloud vendors use journal archiving as it requires minimal infrastructure. Basically, an email server could be used as a simple archiving solution, as long as it has search capabilities.
What is Mailbox Archiving?
Mailbox Archiving is copying emails from the mailbox. Mailbox Archiving solutions have the ability to capture data in users’ mailboxes. This is usually done through APIs provided by the server vendor. Over the years, most email server vendors have added capabilities to connect to their mail store in order to enable advanced collaboration applications. These APIs can be used to connect to the mailbox and copy any new content that is in it and move it to an archive. These APIs are flexible enough that criteria can be set as to what should be archived and what should not.
A mailbox archive will have any content that is found in the mailbox according to the filters set in the archiving solution. Advanced enterprise on-premise archiving solutions were the first to employ this method which requires a combination of APIs and archiving jobs to pull the data from the mailbox.
What are the benefits of Journaling?
One of the major benefits of Journal Archiving is that it provides data immediately after the email has been sent. As soon as data is sent, it is copied to the archive, which is very useful for auditing purposes or urgent investigations. There is no need to wait for an archiving job to run a search to find an item. The search can usually be run within a few minutes of the message being sent or received.
The other major benefit of Journal Archiving is the simplicity of setup. Only a simple rule needs to be set up within the email system to start forwarding all emails to an archiving solution. When using a cloud archiving solution, the service provider will simply provide an email address to forward the email to – the rest is done through the magic of standard internet protocols with no APIs to configure and no special admin accounts to create.
What are the benefits of Mailbox Archiving?
Mailbox Archiving also provides a number of interesting benefits. The first, and in my opinion the most important benefit, is the capability to archive everything in a user’s mailbox. That includes, not only the email that was sent or received but also all the other information that populates the modern mailbox of collaboration systems. For example, any personal items, appointments, tasks, draft emails, and notes that are not sent can only be captured within the mailbox. For example, a doctor’s appointment may provide a missing alibi in an investigation and that item would only be found in the mailbox. The folder structure of the mailbox can also be a good indication of the intent in processing an email, and this can obviously only be captured in the mailbox.
The other piece of information that lawyers and auditors often find very useful is the metadata. Has the item been read? Was it forwarded to someone? Or was it promptly deleted to hide evidence? All this information can be found attached to the item which is captured and then searched when mailbox archiving is done.
Another benefit of Mailbox Archiving is the capability to filter what is to be archived. Some organizations may want to only archive data that is in specific folders, and not want to archive the trash or a personal information folder. Other organizations that are trying to reduce the size of their live mailbox can set time constraints on which emails are archived and deleted (optional) from the live mailbox.
One of the benefits often pointed out in Journal Archiving is that it is the only way to guarantee 100% retention, however, I think this does not apply anymore. First, most modern mail systems guarantee that all emails are captured even if users have deleted them through the use of special hidden folders or item tags. Second, if you are using journal archiving, you only receive a copy of what was sent so you are already missing some information.
100% Retention
On the topic of 100% retention, the question of reliability often comes up. Did all the emails get captured through the archiving process? In general, Mailbox Archiving provides the capability to re-try archiving an item. For example, if communication between the server and the archiving solution is interrupted, the email will be archived on the next job pass. Provided the mail system is not corrupt, the email system will keep the email until the issue is resolved. In Journal Archiving, standard protocols provide some reliability, but occasionally email never reaches its destination. From a technical standpoint, it is hard to guarantee 100% retention in real-time archiving systems (like journal archiving) than store and forward systems (like mailbox archiving).
Which Type of Archiving Should You Choose?
Smaller organizations generally prefer journal archiving for its ease of setup. However, most enterprise customers, when presented with both possibilities, choose mailbox archiving. We do see organizations that enable both capabilities for audit reasons or simply to be equipped with “belt and suspenders” should an emergency arise. When using both for audit reasons, most organizations only keep the journal email to cover the period of time until the item is captured through mailbox archiving since the information is much richer coming from the mailbox and deleting journals minimizes the duplication of data. Whichever method you choose, you should evaluate your needs to select the one that is most appropriate for you. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Is Xenical Used for Weight Loss? Benefits, Effectiveness, and Comparisons
Is Xenical Used for Weight Loss?
Is Xenical Used for Weight Loss?
When it comes to shedding those extra pounds, many of us search for effective solutions. One name that often pops up is Xenical. But what exactly is Xenical, and how does it fit into our weight loss journey? Known for its active ingredient, Orlistat, Xenical works by blocking the absorption of fats in our diet.
Understanding how Xenical aids in weight loss can help us make informed decisions about its use. It's not just about popping a pill; it's about integrating it into a comprehensive weight loss plan. Let's explore how Xenical can be a part of our strategy to achieve a healthier lifestyle.
Key Takeaways
• Xenical (Orlistat) aids weight loss by blocking the absorption of dietary fats, which helps create a calorie deficit when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and exercise.
• FDA-approved for weight loss, Xenical must be used as part of a broader weight management plan, highlighting its role in comprehensive lifestyle changes.
• Health benefits extend beyond weight loss, as using Xenical can lead to improved cholesterol levels, lowered blood pressure, and better lipid profiles.
• Common and severe side effects should be considered, and users must consult healthcare professionals to weigh the benefits and risks.
• Ideal for those struggling with obesity or related health conditions, Xenical supports significant weight reduction, especially when traditional methods like diet and exercise are not enough.
• Combining Xenical with supplements such as Resveratrol, NMN, Spermidine, and Fisetin can enhance weight loss results and overall well-being, making it a synergistic solution in a weight management strategy.
What Is Xenical?
Xenical, known generically as Orlistat, functions as a lipase inhibitor. Its primary aim is to assist with weight loss by preventing the absorption of fats from the diet. This medication operates by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for breaking down fat, ensuring a portion of dietary fat passes through the body undigested.
Approved by the U.S. FDA, Xenical is typically prescribed alongside a reduced-calorie diet and exercise regimen. By targeting dietary fats, it complements lifestyle changes focusing on weight management. Given its mechanism, it helps reduce calorie intake from fat, further aiding in weight loss efforts.
Xenical remains a prominent choice for those needing medicinal support to reach weight goals. Although we offer various supplements like nmn, resveratrol, and fisetin that promote well-being, Xenical holds a unique position specifically for weight management.
How Does Xenical Work?
Xenical, also recognized as Orlistat, targets dietary fat absorption to promote weight loss. This medication functions as a lipase inhibitor, meaning it blocks the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in the intestine. By preventing fat breakdown, Xenical reduces the amount of fat absorbed into our bodies.
When we consume fat, our body uses enzymes called lipases to break it down before absorption. Xenical binds to these lipases and stops them from breaking down a portion of the dietary fat. With this fat not absorbed, it passes through our digestive system and gets eliminated.
Incorporating Xenical into a weight management plan optimizes the reduction of calorie intake from fats. Alongside a balanced, reduced-calorie diet and exercise, this medication enhances our efforts to achieve our weight goals without compromising the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.
Maintaining a comprehensive strategy for weight management often includes various supplements alongside prescribed medications. In this context, integrating products like Resveratrol and NMN can support overall well-being. By focusing on our unique physiology, we ensure consistent progress in our weight management journey and benefit from the synergistic effects of modern health solutions.
Benefits Of Using Xenical For Weight Loss
Xenical offers multiple benefits for those aiming to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Effective Weight Loss
Xenical aids in weight loss by decreasing the absorption of dietary fats, making it a powerful tool in weight management. Clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy, with participants experiencing significant reductions in body weight when incorporating Xenical into their routines. By blocking a substantial percentage of fat intake, it helps to create a calorie deficit, which, when coupled with a balanced diet and exercise, leads to more efficient weight loss.
Improved Health Markers
Using Xenical not only facilitates weight loss, but it also positively impacts various health markers. Weight reduction achieved through Xenical usage has been linked to better cholesterol levels, lowered blood pressure, and improved lipid profiles. Enhancing these aspects of health contributes to an overall sense of well-being and can reduce the risk of obesity-related conditions. When paired with NMN and Resveratrol, users may also benefit from additional anti-aging and metabolic improvements, making weight management even more effective.
Considering the integration of supplements like Spermidine and Fisetin can further support the overall wellness strategy, enhancing the positive impacts of Xenical on weight loss and health.
Potential Side Effects
Common Side Effects
Xenical aids weight loss by blocking fat absorption, enhancing metabolic health, and supporting healthy aging. This medication, combined with diet and exercise, promotes substantial results.
Integrating NMN and Resveratrol enhances the advantages of Xenical. These supplements boost metabolism, contributing to a holistic strategy for weight management. Including Spermidine and Fisetin further complements Xenical's impact, enhancing our overall well-being and anti-aging efforts.
Severe Side Effects
Xenical offers impactful benefits for weight loss, improving markers like cholesterol levels and blood pressure. Its integration with NAD+ and NAD supplements can further support metabolic health and effective aging strategies. We recommend combining Xenical with a balanced regimen for optimal wellness.
Who Should Consider Xenical?
Individuals seeking significant weight loss may find Xenical beneficial. This medication particularly suits those who have struggled with other methods like diet and exercise alone. Xenical supports weight loss efforts by reducing fat absorption, which complements lifestyle changes for enhanced results.
Adults with Obesity
Obesity, defined as a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher, often necessitates additional intervention beyond diet and exercise. Xenical provides an effective tool for those needing substantial weight management support.
Individuals with Health Conditions
Certain health conditions, such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, or dyslipidemia, may improve with weight loss. For these individuals, Xenical can aid in achieving weight loss goals, thereby potentially improving related health outcomes.
People Committed to Lifestyle Changes
Xenical works best when combined with a low-calorie diet and regular physical activity. Individuals dedicated to adopting these healthy habits are prime candidates for Xenical, as this combination enhances the medication’s efficacy.
Enhanced Outcomes with Supplements
Combining Xenical with NMN or Resveratrol supplements can further support metabolic health. These supplements offer benefits that synergize with Xenical’s action, promoting overall well-being.
Older Adults
Older adults focusing on healthy aging and weight management might consider Xenical. Together with anti-aging supplements like Spermidine and Fisetin, Xenical fosters a comprehensive approach to maintaining a healthy weight and enhancing longevity.
Comparing Xenical To Other Weight Loss Methods
Xenical’s efficacy is more pronounced when compared to other weight loss strategies. Let’s explore how it stands up against diet and exercise, prescription medications, and over-the-counter supplements.
Diet And Exercise
Diet and exercise remain foundational for weight loss and healthy aging. A balanced diet rich in whole foods and regular physical activity enhances metabolism. When combined with Xenical, these lifestyle changes amplify weight loss outcomes. While diet and exercise alone can lead to gradual weight loss, Xenical accelerates this process by blocking fat absorption, making it a more potent option when combined with a healthful lifestyle. Incorporating lower-calorie diets with consistent exercise can improve overall metabolic health, effectively complementing Xenical’s role.
Prescription Medications
Several prescription medications are available for weight management. However, Xenical distinguishes itself by its unique mechanism of action. Unlike appetite suppressants, Xenical works by preventing fat absorption, which directly impacts calorie intake. This makes it suitable for people who prefer a non-stimulant approach. Used alongside doctor-recommended lifestyle changes, Xenical can achieve significant weight loss, potentially greater than many other prescription options.
Over-The-Counter Supplements
Various over-the-counter supplements support weight loss and healthy aging. Resveratrol, Spermidine, and Fisetin aid metabolism and cellular health. The NMN supplement boosts NAD+ levels, crucial for energy metabolism and anti-aging. While these supplements provide valuable benefits, they work best when paired with comprehensive strategies like Xenical. These combinations optimize weight loss, enhance metabolism, and promote overall well-being.
Xenical excels as a weight loss method when paired with diet, exercise, prescription medications, and select over-the-counter supplements.
Conclusion
Xenical offers a unique and effective approach to weight loss by blocking fat absorption. When paired with a reduced-calorie diet and regular exercise, it significantly improves health markers and supports metabolic health. For those with obesity or conditions like hypertension and diabetes, Xenical provides a promising solution.
Combining Xenical with lifestyle changes and supplements like NMN, Resveratrol, Spermidine, and Fisetin can enhance weight loss outcomes and overall well-being. This makes Xenical a potent option for those seeking healthy aging and effective weight management.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Xenical?
Xenical is an FDA-approved weight loss medication that helps prevent fat absorption in the body. It is most effective when combined with a reduced-calorie diet and regular exercise.
How does Xenical work for weight loss?
Xenical works by blocking an enzyme called lipase, which breaks down fats in your diet. This prevents up to 30% of dietary fat from being absorbed, helping you lose weight more effectively.
Who can benefit from taking Xenical?
Xenical is beneficial for individuals with obesity or health conditions like hypertension and diabetes. It can help improve metabolic health and support healthy aging when combined with lifestyle changes.
Is Xenical safe to use?
Yes, Xenical is FDA-approved and considered safe when used as directed. However, it is important to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new medication.
How does Xenical compare to other weight loss methods?
Xenical specifically targets fat absorption, unlike other methods that may focus on reducing appetite or increasing caloric burn. This makes it a unique and effective option when combined with diet, exercise, and supplements.
Can Xenical be used with other supplements?
Yes, Xenical can be combined with supplements like NMN, Resveratrol, Spermidine, and Fisetin to enhance weight loss outcomes, improve metabolism, and support overall well-being.
What are the side effects of Xenical?
Common side effects include gastrointestinal issues such as oily stools, flatulence, and stomach discomfort. These are generally mild and can be managed by following a low-fat diet.
How quickly can I expect to see results with Xenical?
While individual results can vary, many people start seeing weight loss results within the first few weeks of taking Xenical, especially when combined with a healthy diet and exercise routine. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Plotting trajectories
#1
Hi,
I wanted to plot trajectories around a planet and therefore cut out a circle in the middle of the plot (PyPlot). I tried it with fill, but I can still see the trajectories :frowning:
Also I want to plot 3D trajectories and a 2D density map with PyPlot. Has anyone an idea how to do that?
Best,
Hannes
#2
I think that the zorder keyword argument should help you:
julia> using PyPlot
julia> xx = linspace(0, 2pi)
0.0:0.1282282715750936:6.283185307179586
julia> plot([0, 2], "b", zorder=1)
1-element Array{PyCall.PyObject,1}:
PyObject <matplotlib.lines.Line2D object at 0x129216b10>
julia> fill(sin.(xx), cos.(xx), "k", zorder=2)
1-element Array{PyCall.PyObject,1}:
PyObject <matplotlib.patches.Polygon object at 0x1293a7f10>
#3
yes, thanks! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
mass priest
Noun
* 1) A Roman Catholic secular priest, distinct from those living under a rule.
* 2) Later, a priest retained in chantries etc. to say masses for the dead.
* 3) A Roman Catholic priest generally. | WIKI |
Page:Resolutions and Theses of the Fourth Congress of the Communist International (1922).djvu/113
became ever more pronounced. The working class stood divided and helpless. The bourgeoisie kept the upper hand with the help of the reformists. It was then that the political and economic offensive of capital really began. It took two full years of defeats and of the blackest betrayals on the part of the reformists to convince the leaders of the Centre, under the pressure of the masses, of their irreparable error, and induce them to draw the consequence of their actions.
It was not until October, 1921, at the Congress of Rome, that the reformists were expelled from the Socialist Party. It had come so far that the most prominent leaders of the reformists were boasting openly that they had been able to sabotage the revolution by remaining in the Socialist Party of Italy, and forcing it to inactivity at every decisive moment. The reformists went openly from the ranks of the S.P.I. into the camp of the counter-revolution. They left the masses powerless, discouraged, and greatly weakened the Socialist Party, both numerically and politically.
These sorry, but instinctive examples of Italian history must convince the class-conscious workers of every country that—(1) reformism is their chief enemy; that (2) the oscillations and hesitations of the Centrists are dangerous to the existence of a working-class party; and that (3) the existence of a determined and alert Communist Party is the first condition for the victorious struggle of the proletariat. These are the lessons of the Italian tragedy.
Considering the resolutions of the S.P.I. in Rome (October, 1922), expelling the reformists from the Party, and declaring itself ready to adhere unconditionally to the Communist International, the Fourth World Congress of the Comintern resolves:—
(1) The general situation of Italy, especially since the victory of the Fascist reaction, requires imperiously the rapid union of all revolutionary forces of the proletariat. The Italian worker will come to his feet again when, after the many defeats and splits, a new rallying of all revolutionary forces is started.
(2) The Communist International sends its brotherly greeting to the hard-pressed working class of Italy. It is thoroughly convinced of the honest revolutionary spirit of the Socialist Party of Italy, now it is freed from its reformist elements, and resolves to admit the S.P.I. to the Communist International.
(3) The Fourth World Congress regards the fulfilment of the 21 conditions as something which is self-understood, and in view of events in Italy, charges the Executive Committee to insist upon their being carried out with the utmost rigour and with all resulting consequences.
(4) The Fourth World Congress resolves that, after his speech at the Congress of Rome, the representative Vella and | WIKI |
Page:Works of Jules Verne - Parke - Vol 6.djvu/42
shore, glass-wort, ficoides, and all those fucaceæ which form wrack. A large quantity of these plants was collected, first dried, then burnt in holes in the open air. The combustion of these plants was kept up for several days, and the result was a compact gray mass, which has been long known under the name of "natural soda." This obtained, the engineer treated the fat with soda, which gave both a soluble soap and that neutral substance glycerine.
But this was not all. Cyrus Harding still needed, in view of his future preparation, another substance, azote of potash, which is better known under the name of salt of nitre, or of saltpetre. He could have manufactured this substance by treating the carbonate of potash, which would be easily extracted from the cinders of the vegetables, by azotic acid. But this acid was wanting, and he would have been in some difficulty, if nature had not happily furnished the saltpetre, without giving them any other trouble than that of picking it up. Herbert found a vein of it at the foot of Mount Franklin, and they had nothing to do but purify this salt
These different works lasted a week. They were finished before the transformation of the sulphuret into sulphate of iron had been accomplished. During the following days the settlers had time to construct a furnace of bricks of a particular arrangement, to serve for the distillation of the sulphate of iron when it had been obtained. All this was finished about the i8th of May, nearly at the time when the chemical transformation terminated. Gideon Spilett, Herbert, Neb, and Pencroft, skillfully directed by the engineer, had become most clever workmen. Before all masters, necessity is the one most listened to, and who teaches the best.
When the heap of pyrites had been entirely reduced by fire, the result of the operation, consisting of sulphate of iron, sulphate of alumina, flint, remains of coal, and cinders, was placed in a basin full of water. They stirred this mixture, let it settle, then decanted it, and obtained a clear liquid, containing in solution sulphate of iron and sulphate of alumina, the other matters remaining solid since they are insoluble. Lastly, this liquid being partly evaporated, crystals of sulphate of iron were deposited, and the not | WIKI |
iHeartRadio’s new service mixes streaming radio with on-demand music
In a bid to provide a more flexible service that can draw in customers who haven’t yet picked an on-demand streaming service, iHeartRadio is rolling out two new offerings today. The first, iHeartRadioPlus, costs $4.99 a month and lets you search, save, replay, and skip songs you hear playing on a live digital radio stream. The second, iHeartRadio All Access, costs $9.99 a month and has all the features of the first package, but adds an on-demand library where users can simply search for songs they would like to hear at the moment. The erstwhile music service Napster, formerly Rhapsody, is providing the underlying technology. iHeart says this service offers “millions” of songs, but we don’t know if its comparable to the collections offered by Spotify or Apple Music. All Access does give users features like the ability to craft playlists or download music for offline listening. Having live radio as a part of your on-demand streaming service is a nice way around the exclusives we’re increasingly seeing on Apple Music or Tidal. And iHeart is working to position these new offerings not as a direct competitor to Spotify or Apple Music, but as an alternative that will appeal to people who have never tried an on-demand streaming service before. "Ten times more Americans listen to radio every month than use a subscription service so the debut of iHeartRadio Plus and iHeartRadio All Access powered by Napster is a unique opportunity to capture these non-music subscribers with an on demand service built around radio," said Bob Pittman, chairman and CEO of iHeartMedia. "Whereas the LP, CD and music downloads are the ancestors of all current on demand services, the ancestor for our new on demand offerings is broadcast radio. By combining radio's popularity and reach with interactive on demand functionality, we have created the first fully differentiated streaming music service for consumers." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The orange-yellow diamond by Fletcher, J. S. (Joseph Smith).djvu/31
30 With this friendly assurance, Melky plunged his hand into a hip-pocket, and drew out some gold, which he held towards Lauriston on his open palm.
"Two or three pound on account, now, mister?" he said, ingratiatingly. "You're welcome as the flowers in May!"
But Lauriston shook his head; he had already decided on a plan of his own, if the expected remittance did not arrive next morning.
"No, thank you," he answered. "It's uncommonly good of you—but I can manage very well indeed—I can, really! Next Friday, then—I'll go with you. I'm very much obliged to you."
Melky slipped his money into his pocket—conscious of having done his part. "Just as you like, mister," he said. "But you was welcome, you know. Next Friday, then—and you can reckon on cash down for this job."
The Monday morning brought neither of the expected letters to Lauriston. But he had not spoken without reason when he said to Zillah that he had a bit of property to fall back upon—now that he knew how ready money could easily be raised. He had some pledgeable property in his trunk—and when the remittances failed to arrive, he determined to avail himself of it. Deep down in a corner of the trunk he had two valuable rings—all that his mother had left him, with the exception of two hundred pounds, with which he had ventured to London, and on which he had lived up to then. He got the rings out towards the end of Monday afternoon, determining to take them round to Daniel Multenius and | WIKI |
Papers by Andreas Pitsillidis
Taster’s Choice: A Comparative Analysis of Spam Feeds
Here’s another paper about spam; this time it’s email spam, and they are interested not so much in the spam itself, but in the differences between collections of spam (feeds) as used in research. They have ten different feeds, and they compare them to each other looking only at the domain names that appear in each. The goal is to figure out whether or not each feed is an unbiased sample of all the spam being sent at any given time, and whether some types of feed are better at detecting particular sorts of spam. (Given this goal, looking only at the domain names is probably the most serious limitation of the paper, despite being brushed off with a footnote. It means they can’t say anything about spam that doesn’t contain any domain names, which may be rare, but is interesting because it’s rare and different from all the rest. They should have at least analyzed the proportion of it that appeared in each feed.)
The spam feeds differ primarily in how they collect their samples. There’s one source consisting exclusively of manually labeled spam (from a major email provider); two DNS blacklists (these provide only domain names, and are somehow derived from other types of feed); three MX honeypots (registered domains that accept email to any address, but are never used for legitimate mail); two seeded honey accounts (like honeypots, but a few addresses are made visible to attract more spam); one botnet-monitoring system; and one hybrid. They don’t have full details on exactly how they all work, which is probably the second most serious limitation.
The actual results of the analysis are basically what you would expect: manually labeled spam is lower-volume but has more unique examples in it, botnet spam is very high volume but has lots of duplication, everything else is somewhere in between. They made an attempt to associate spam domains with affiliate networks (the business of spamming nowadays is structured as a multi-level marketing scheme) but they didn’t otherwise try to categorize the spam itself. I can think of plenty of additional things to do with the data set—which is the point: it says right in the abstract most studies [of email spam] use a single spam feed and there has been little examination of how such feeds may differ in content. They’re not trying so much to produce a comprehensive analysis themselves as to alert people working in this subfield that they might be missing stuff by looking at only one data source. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:C++ Programming/Exercises/Static arrays/Pages
Exercise 7
Is it really a good idea to encourage readers to implement their own sorting algorithm, without a discussion of why this is a bad idea in general? If the aim is to build the reader's understanding of static arrays, rather than to teach Algorithms 101, perhaps it would be better to specify a sorting algorithm in pseudocode. --Fishpi (discuss • contribs) 17:16, 15 February 2011 (UTC)
* Isn't it covered on the theory side of the book ? If not you can add that information, you can also like to a Wikibook on algorithms or the Wikipedia page (but I thing it may have a solution included). Probably looking into the STL implementation (add the required information on the algorithm and link to that section) this would address all your issues... --Panic (discuss • contribs) 22:57, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
Exercise 7 mistakes
It has been a long time without programming, and actually this is the first time I find myself programming in C++ (for teaching a friend), but I think there are some mistakes on the sorting exercise (1st selection algorithm and bubble sorting). I had to change one of the operators in the second "for". I've replaced the << by < in order to avoid a segmentation fault. At the moment I am not 100% sure of what << does, but I am quite sure that its functionality is not what is needed there.
On the other hand, there were two lines in the 2nd selection algorithm that wouldn't work with my compiler (g++ on linux). These are:
system("pause"); fflush(stdin);
Both things are lines of code stated as to be avoid in C/C++ programming as you can check easily running a quick search on any searching engine. I don't see the need of pausing the program before exiting (and not at all using a function that is not C/C++ standard but a function of the OS, so not portable). And the fflush one, as you can check on the Internet, is absolutely pointless.
Obviously I might be wrong making any of these points, but at the moment I am quite sure they are all mistakes.
What do you think?
Thanks for the wiki anyway. It is being quite helpful for me :-)
Vicisbue (discuss • contribs) 21:30, 16 November 2011 (UTC)
* The system("pause") would disqualify the proposed solution. I have to look at the example, so I'm talking without looking (I will give it a closer look as I have time) fflush(stdin) may be necessary if the code uses the stdin to read the input since the pause requires a return (it would cause issues in a loop). I would appreciate if you moved that non compilable solution to a new section to be fixed (see the top of the exercises as example). You do not need to give clues to the problems and/or you could yourself take to the job of fixing it as an exercise :) . The << is explained in the theory section of the book.
* As you go through the exercises do the same for others you find that do not compile, take the right input or give the proper solution. Thanks for the help. --Panic (discuss • contribs) 22:54, 16 November 2011 (UTC) | WIKI |
Support Questions
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What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
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What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
Explorer
Hi, I have a general question. All of our metadata (CM, Hive MS, Oozie, Navigator, etc) is stored in a local MySQL instance on the Cloudera Manager host (see list of DB's below). If this host were to fail, or the MySQL service were to become unavailable for a period of time, would all of the core cluster services (excluding CM services) continue to function? I am unclear if we need to look at implementing a MySQL cluster to maintain cluster uptime. Thank you!
Edit: I should add that we are currently replicating MySQL to a slave.
amon
rman
metastore
metastore
sentry
nav
navms
oozie
sqoop
hue
1 ACCEPTED SOLUTION
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Highlighted
Re: What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
Guru
@DataMike,
If MySQL is out of service, all roles that need to use MySQL will stop to function, this includes roles like CM itself, Hive, Sentry, Oozie, Hue etc. HDFS and YARN should still function.
You should have Database HA setup, as mentioned here:
https://docs.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/latest/topics/admin_cm_ha_dbms.html
So if MySQL master is down, at least the read from Slave can still function, while you fix the master. Or have the MySQL backup and replicated to another MySQL instance that is ready to take over should the current one fail.
Cheers
Eric
View solution in original post
3 REPLIES 3
Highlighted
Re: What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
Guru
@DataMike,
If MySQL is out of service, all roles that need to use MySQL will stop to function, this includes roles like CM itself, Hive, Sentry, Oozie, Hue etc. HDFS and YARN should still function.
You should have Database HA setup, as mentioned here:
https://docs.cloudera.com/documentation/enterprise/latest/topics/admin_cm_ha_dbms.html
So if MySQL master is down, at least the read from Slave can still function, while you fix the master. Or have the MySQL backup and replicated to another MySQL instance that is ready to take over should the current one fail.
Cheers
Eric
View solution in original post
Highlighted
Re: What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
Explorer
Thank you @EricL . Makes sense. We currently have MySQL set up in a master/slave config. But it looks like even with that... if the Master is offline, you have to manually edit the CM config to point to the slave. There is no where in CM (that I see) to add a slave/secondary MySQL hostname.
So I assume that is why you reference setting up MySQL in a "cluster" configuration and not just master/slave replication - correct? Thank you.
Highlighted
Re: What if MySQL Metadata Host Failed?
Guru
Hi @DataMike,
Yes, once CM is down, you can't update the configuration unless you "hack" into CM's backend database, which is also down in our scenario.
So if you setup MySQL in such a way that CM will connect to LB / VIP host, which will route to the MySQL host that you want to, so in the event of one MySQL instance is down, simply update LB to only go to the working one. This avoids the needs to update the CM config.
Hope that can help.
Cheers
Eric
Don't have an account? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
rotation time
Noun
* 1) The time allowed to elapse between successive occurrences of a stand of trees being logged. | WIKI |
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On this page
Coercable Components
Most times a feature has some sort of dynamic display, it'll allow you to pass a "Coercable Component", or rather, something that can be coerced into a Vue component. This page goes over the different types of values you can use
Template Strings
If you provide a string, it will be wrapped in a component using it as the template. This is the simplest method, although not suitable for complex displays, and realistically cannot use Vue components as none are registered globally (by default). Recommended for static or simple dynamic displays, such as displays on features.
Template strings need to be wrapped in some HTML element. By default, they'll be wrapped in a <span> element, although certain features may wrap things in div or header elements instead, as appropriate.
Render Functions (JSX)
You can provide a render function and it will be wrapped in a component as well. The intended use for this is to write JSX inside a function, which will get automatically converted into a render function. You can read more about that process on the Vue docs on Render Functions & JSX. Note that JSX must be returned in a function - it does not work "standalone". The CoercableComponent type will enforce this for you. Also of note is that you can use <> and </> as wrappers to render multiple elements without a containing element, however keep in mind an empty JSX element such as jsx(() => <></>) is invalid and will fail to render.
JSX can use imported components, making this suited for writing the display properties on things like Tabs or Layers. There are also built-in functions to render features (either as their own or in a layout via renderRow and renderCol), so you don't need to import the Vue component for every feature you plan on using.
Typically a feature will accept a Computable<CoercableComponent>, which means functions would (normally) be wrapped in a computed (see Computable for more details). This would break render functions, so when passing a render function as a CoercableComponent it must be specially marked that it shouldn't be cached. You can use the built-in jsx function to mark a function for you.
Example
tsx
{
display: jsx(() => (
<>
<MainDisplay resource={points} color={color} />
{render(resetButton)}
{renderRow(upgrade1, upgrade2, upgrade3)}
</>
)),
}
Slots and Models
Modals and other features that utilize slots are a bit trickier in JSX, as each slot must also be JSX. Here's an example utility for creating modals that correctly uses slots:
tsx
function createModal(title: string, body: JSXFunction, otherData = {}) {
const showModal = persistent<boolean>(false);
const modal = jsx(() => (
<Modal
modelValue={showModal.value}
onUpdate:modelValue={(value: boolean) => (showModal.value = value)}
v-slots={{
header: () => <h2>{title}</h2>,
body
}}
/>
));
return { modal, showModal, ...otherData };
}
That example also shows how to use models in JSX, which are a concept in vue for allowing a component to read and write a value. It requires specifying both the model value as well as a function to update it's value.
Components
This one might be the most obvious, but you can also just give it a Vue component to display outright. Keep in mind it will not be passed any props, so it should not depend on any. You can read more about creating Vue components on Components Basics. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Jimborus
Jim Russell is an award-winning journalist, producer and executive who has created successful national programs for all three public radio networks: National Public Radio, Public Radio International and American Public Media, as well as for PBS. His experience encompasses more than thirty years, in commercial radio, print, public radio, and television. Programs he has invented include Marketplace[1] and Weekend America and public tv’s Newton’s Apple, NightTimes, Electronicle and America After Vietnam. He also helped develop NPR’s Morning Edition and All Things Considered, and PRI’s The World. Jim has won every major award in broadcasting.
Jim is now the President of his own consulting company, Jim Russell Productions[2].
Contact Information:
Jim Russell 445 Ridge Springs Drive Chapel Hill, NC 27516<PHONE_NUMBER>
email<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
web site: www.programdoctor.com | WIKI |
Raúl Asencio (footballer, born 2003)
Raúl Asencio del Rosario (born 13 February 2003) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a defender for Real Madrid Castilla.
Early life
Asencio joined the youth academy of Spanish La Liga side Real Madrid at the age of thirteen.
Career
Asencio plays Real Madrid's reserve team Real Madrid Castilla, where he is regarded as one of the most important players.
Style of play
Asencio mainly operates as a defender and has been described as "decisive with the ball and with great physical conditioning".
Personal life
Asencio is a native of Canary Islands, Spain.
Career statistics
. | WIKI |
Miracles of Life
Miracles of Life is an autobiography written by British writer J. G. Ballard and published in 2008.
Overview
The book describes Ballard's childhood and early teenage years in Shanghai in the 1930s and the early 1940s, when the city is ravaged by the Second Sino-Japanese War in the Battle of Shanghai and World War II. After the happy years spent with his well-to-do family in the Shanghai International Settlement, Ballard experiences the horrors of war and then the deprivations of an internment camp, Lunghua, where he is imprisoned with his parents, his sister, and hundreds of other British, Belgian, Dutch and American nationals.
After being liberated by the Americans in 1945, James "returns" to England with his mother and sister, but the return to a country which he has never known, being born in Shanghai, is made difficult by the dismal atmosphere of post-war Britain and the difficulty of integrating into British society. After beginning medical studies at a prestigious Cambridge college, Ballard suddenly quits the university and enlists in the R.A.F.
The stint with the air force in a Canadian air base will prove to be a wrong move, and Ballard then quits the R.A.F. and returns to Britain. The autobiography subsequently describes his happy marriage, the birth of his children (the "miracles of life" that the title hints at), his wife's sudden and unexpected death, and the ensuing difficulties, which Ballard faces by deciding to raise his children as a single parent.
The book also describes the beginning of his literary career, his friendship with pop artist Eduardo Paolozzi, his experimentation culminating in his destructured novel The Atrocity Exhibition, though less space is devoted to the Sixties and the Seventies than to the 15 years spent in Shanghai. The story of the success of Empire of the Sun and the making of Spielberg's film based on it is told, re-telling in non-novelistic style events already covered in his previous autofiction The Kindness of Women.
The book ends with Ballard's return to Shanghai in 1991, and with a very short and moving epilogue wherein he announces that he is sick with a terminal illness.
Throughout Miracles of Life Ballard compares the events of his life as he remembers them and the more or less inventive way in which he has told them in his previous life narratives Empire of the Sun and The Kindness of Women.
Importance of the book
As soon as the publication of Miracles was announced in 2007, Ballard scholars and experts looked forward to it, expecting it to clarify some aspects of Ballard's life that had been fictionally reworked in his previous books, especially in the partly autobiographical novel Empire of the Sun and in the autofiction The Kindness of Women. Ballard has repeatedly declared that those two books are a mix of real events and fictional elaboration. Since Ballard has interwoven real life experiences (especially the time spent in the Lunghua camp) in many of his works (even the overtly non-realistic ones, such as his science-fiction novels and short stories), many readers were interested in the opportunity to read Ballard's own possibly ultimate version.
The book offers important biographical details about Ballard's crucial period in Shanghai, 1930–1946, but does not cover in detail other parts of his life (e.g. the 1970s and 1980s). However, many elements of Miracles show Ballard's intention to present it as a truthful narrative of his life, such as the pictures of his parents, his wife, his children, and his partner, Claire Walsh. A remarkable difference of this narrative from both Empire and Kindness is the presence of Ballard's parents, who had been edited out from these earlier works. With regard to Empire, Ballard explains:
In my novel the most important break with real events is the absence from Lunghua of my parents... I felt it was closer to the psychological and emotional truth of events to make 'Jim' effectively a war orphan.
Much of the added value of the book is to be found in Ballard's witty and insightful remarks that comment on his experiences, but also tie the facts of his childhood and teenage years to the realities of today's globalised world. Shanghai, the city he was born in and the one he gets back to in his 1991 visit, is envisioned as a prototype of our late-modern or postmodern world.
Criticism
* Rossi, Umberto. "Mind is the Battlefield: Reading Ballard's 'Life Trilogy' as War Literature", J. Baxter (ed.), J.G. Ballard, Contemporary Critical Perspectives, London, Continuum, 2008, 66–77. | WIKI |
John Tydeman
John Peter Tydeman OBE (30 March 1936 – 1 April 2020) was an English producer of radio and director of theatre plays. He was responsible for commissioning and directing the early plays of Caryl Churchill, Joe Orton, Tom Stoppard and Sue Townsend.
Tydeman was the head of BBC Radio Drama from 1986 to 1994.
Education and military service
Tydeman was educated at Hertford Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He served as a 2nd Lieutenant in the 1st Singapore Regiment of the Royal Artillery in Malaya, 1954–1956.
Early BBC career
Even before joining the BBC as a general trainee, following his graduation from Trinity in 1959, Tydeman had received a credit on the BBC Third Programme, as an actor. He appeared in the radio broadcast of the Cambridge University Marlowe Society’s production of Christopher Marlowe's Edward II. Tydeman played the Archbishop of Canterbury in a cast led by Derek Jacobi as Edward II, and student contemporaries including John Drummond, Clive Swift and Richard Cottrell, directed by Trinity alumnus Toby Robertson. Edward II was broadcast on 31 March 1959, and Tydeman joined the BBC as a general trainee later in the year, working in various parts of the corporation, until he settled into the Radio Drama department. There he would cut his teeth on productions that would include many episodes of the popular radio soap, The Dales, as well as forays into the classics. His first radio production credit in drama was Operation Toothless, by Tom Waldron, on the BBC Home Service on 20 July 1959.
Within four years. he would establish himself as one of the most dynamic new talents in radio drama, progressing through soap opera and the relentless demand for popular afternoon entertainment to the challenges of Jean Genet’s The Maids (with Sian Phillips), and working with many of the leading actors of the time, from radio stalwarts such as Mary Wimbush to rising talents such as Michael Bryant and John Wood.
He also put his hand to adapting works such as Rudyard Kipling's Kim, Henry James's The Turn of the Screw and Jane Austen's Emma. Among the writers he would produce were David Rudkin, Cries from Casement as His Bones are Brought to Dublin (1973), Edward Bond (Narrow Road to the Deep North), William Trevor (Scenes from an Album) and David Cregan and Tom Stoppard on many occasions. Although Caryl Churchill’s first play for radio, The Ants (produced by Michael Bakewell, was broadcast three times in 1962-63, the recording was not retained in the BBC Archives. For Churchill, as for Stoppard, the freedom of the radio form was significant in the development of their writing. Churchill’s work with Tydeman shows an unfettered imagination at work. The plays Identical Twins, Shreber’s Nervous Illness, Henry’s Past, Abortive, Not, Not, Not, Not, Not Enough Oxygen and Perfect Happiness do survive in the BBC, and foreshadow the freedom and discipline of her later stage work. Kenneth Haigh’s performance as twin brothers in Identical Twins, a 'duologue', is a tour-de-force of radio acting and writing.
Association with Joe Orton
Early in his BBC career, Tydeman became inextricably linked with Joe Orton, whom he was widely seen to have discovered. Tydeman saw his championing of Orton as more of a successful rescue from the rejection pile, as he recorded his memories for the BBC at the time of retirement as Head of Radio Drama in 1994.
"The truth of that particular story is that I was in the Drama Department, very fresh from university, on an attachment basis as a trainee and a very extraordinary fresh script arrived, which was about to be sent back ... It wasn't like anything else I’d read. It was called The Boy Hairdresser ... By some chance I read it, and I went to Donald McWhinnie, who was then Assistant Head of the radio drama department, and I said, 'I think it's remarkable, I think it's quite wrong that it should be sent back.' Donald read it and said, 'Yes, there's a talent here. Why don’t you see the young man'?"
Tydeman also told that story to Brian Jarman of the Fitzrovia News in 2011, in an interview when he was still living in his flat in Great Titchfield Street, parallel to BBC Broadcasting House where he had worked for more than 30 years. He talked about Orton's first appearance at Broadcasting House: "Joe was wearing bovver boots and khaki. He said he’d just come out of prison. He’d been had up for defacing library books. He was revolutionary. I was a bit daunted."
Orton had been released from prison in September, 1962, where he had written much of The Boy Hairdresser, the first script he had written independently of collaborations with his lover, Kenneth Halliwell. The couple had been sent to different prisons for the same offence of defacing library books.
After the script's journey through the radio drama department, Tydeman then guided it through three revisions, and when Orton came in to discuss the final draft, now called The Ruffian on the Stair, he presented Tydeman with a new script. As Tydeman tells it on the BBC History website, Orton said, "I don’t think it’s a radio play."
Tydeman flicked through it: it was Entertaining Mr Sloane. "I was just dazzled by what I saw. 'Have you got an agent?' And he said, 'No. I haven’t' and I said, 'The best agent is, in my opinion, is Margaret Ramsay, Peggy Ramsay. Get in touch with her, say that I sent you. And she can be a bit of a cow. But if the chemistry’s right, it’ll be terrific'."
"About a week later the phone rang, and it was Peggy, and Peggy Ramsay and I had a very good relationship, and she said, 'What’s this, darling? You’ve been calling me a cow all around London'."
"I said, I’ve done no such thing, Peggy. 'Yes, you have. A young man came to see and he said you said I was a cow. I may be a perfect bitch at times, but I’m not a cow. Darling, it’s absolutely brilliant. I’ve been on to Michael Codron and we’re going to put it on in eight weeks'. "
"And they got that play on in at the Arts Theatre, directed by Patrick Dromgoole, before I got the radio play on. I would say it was about ten weeks of Joe Orton having been in my office that they got the play on. As a result of that, Joe and I remained friends all of his short life." Entertaining Mr Sloane opened at the Arts Theatre, London, on 6 May 1964. The Ruffian on the Stair was first broadcast on the Third Programme on 31 August 1964, with the 19-year-old actor Kenneth Cranham as the ‘ruffian’.
Later BBC career
One of the most prolific of radio directors, Tydeman directed 27 of Rhys Adrian’s more than 30 plays for radio, including the Prix Italia winning Evelyn (1970) and Prix Futura winning The Clerks (1979). (Michael Bakewell directed five of Adrian's plays, and Ronald Mason directed two.)
He commissioned and directed Sue Townsend’s first Mole script for BBC Radio 4, when the character was still known as Nigel, in The Diary of Nigel Mole Aged 13 ¾, and he then entered into a correspondence with the fictional Adrian who submitted his poetry efforts to Tydeman at the BBC. It was Tydeman who brought Townsend together with the publisher Methuen after that first broadcast. Tydeman himself became a quasi-fictional character in Townsend's Mole novels.
Tydeman became Assistant Head, Radio Drama (AHDR) in 1979, and succeeded Ronald Mason as Head of Radio Drama (HDR) in 1986. He retired from the BBC in 1994, but continued to produce radio plays as an independent.
Other activities and honours
Tydeman's association with Peggy Ramsay continued after he introduced her to Joe Orton. After Ramsay died in 1991 he became a trustee for the Peggy Ramsay Foundation, leading to his continued support for new writing after he left the BBC, particularly through administering the Foundation's annual grant to the Pearson Playwrights' Scheme, (originally the Thames Television Theatre Writers Scheme and later to become the Channel 4 Playwrights Scheme).
Tydeman's stage productions included Caryl Churchill's Objections to Sex and Violence (Royal Court Theatre, 1975), David Buck's dramatisation of Robert Nye’s Falstaff (Fortune Theatre, 1984) and Emlyn Williams's Night Must Fall (Haymarket Theatre, 1996).
He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2003 New Year Honours for services to radio broadcasting. He received numerous other awards, including the Radio Academy’s Lifetime Achievement Award for 2010.
Tydeman died from COVID-19 in April 2020. | WIKI |
untape
Verb
* 1) To detach the adhesive tape from.
* 2) * 2008,, "Burgling" (series 5 episode 1)
* JEZ: We might need to tidy up a bit. And we may have to untape the DVD and video and TV and Sky remotes.
* JEZ: We might need to tidy up a bit. And we may have to untape the DVD and video and TV and Sky remotes. | WIKI |
Why This Zoom Video Communications Bear Changed His Mind
Go back to New Year's Day 2020. Did you know what Zoom Video Communications (NASDAQ: ZM) was? Did you know what it meant to "Zoom"?
Be honest.
It's easy to fool yourself and say, "Of course I did." But go back and take a look, via a journal or by simply monitoring your internet usage. Was Zoom even on your radar? Don't be ashamed if it wasn't. On January 1, the word "Zoom" had an interest level of 4 (out of 100) on Google Trends. By April 1, it was all the way up to 100. In other words, it increased 25 times!
At least that gives you an excuse for not investing in the growth stock back in January before its big run higher this year. I don't have such an excuse. I've long been bearish on Zoom Video. But that's about to change. Despite shares tripling this year, I'll soon be buying some. Here's why.
Image source: Getty Images
What was I thinking?
At first, it seemed like a ridiculous stock to get excited about. Sure, making a great video app is valuable, but how hard is that? If Alphabet's Google wanted to make a competing product (it has one!), it could throw some of its $100 billion+ war chest at it. So could Microsoft, which also has Skype under its wing.
In short, I thought Zoom's moat was mighty narrow. As more and more companies started to value high-quality video meetings, the interest from tech giants would probably crush Zoom.
But then, I decided to dig a little deeper. After going through the prospectus and the first few quarters of results, I was thoroughly impressed with what I found. A dollar-based net retention rate of 138% was amazing. That meant Zoom was not only holding on to its customers; it was getting them to spend roughly 40% more on Zoom every year.
That's evidence of high switching costs. That's a real moat. Combine that with the network effects that come with Zoom (the more of your company using Zoom, the more likely the entire company needs to use it), and you've got a serious competitive advantage.
So why did I pass? This quote from an article of mine holds the answer: "There is a line past which something is simply too expensive to buy." At the time, when Zoom was trading for nearly 70 times sales, I thought it was appropriate to pass.
My take now: Zoom is very antifragile
In the past, I've said that when a company has a wide moat and optionality (more on that in a second), I don't care about valuation. Clearly, making an exception to this rule for Zoom has not worked out favorably for me.
Recently, I decided it was time to run Zoom through my antifragile framework. It scored phenomenally well -- so high that I am forced to ask myself, "Why in the world don't I own this stock?"
Why did it score so well?
Mission statement: It has a simple and inspiring mission statement: "to make video communications frictionless."
Moat: Zoom benefits from the aforementioned switching costs and network effects, and has seen its brand value go through the roof.
Optionality: This means there's multiple ways to fulfill the mission. The different layers of subscription -- with additional tools for each level -- make it clear Zoom has optionality.
Financial fortitude: Zoom has about $1.4 billion in cash, almost no long-term debt, and has brought in $350 million in free cash flow over the past year. That gives Zoom flexibility to take advantage of opportunities as they arise.
Customer concentration: Zoom has hundreds of thousands of customers and won't be hurt if any single one decides to leave.
Founder-led: Eric Yuan founded and still leads Zoom. I've long believed founders are inherently incentivized to build something of lasting value.
Insider ownership: But if being a founder wasn't enough, as of the last proxy statement, insiders owned roughly 24% of shares and controlled 51% of voting rights. That means they'll benefit -- or not -- to the same degree shareholders do.
Company culture: It's not just about the C-suite. Everyday employees are happy. They give Zoom 4.7 stars on Glassdoor.com, with 94% saying they'd recommend working at the company to a friend, and Eric Yuan garnering a 97% approval rating.
The narrative shift in my head
If all those bullet points aren't enough to convince you, I'll tell you how my own narrative around the company has changed.
Before, I believed the mass adoption of video conference would take a decade. As such, there would be time for the tech giants to develop their own tools. Brand value wasn't worth much.
Today, I believe that decade of adoption has been squeezed into a few months. Zoom had the best product -- and the brand value is through the roof. It will take a much better product or an equally effective product costing much less to steal business away. That's a huge moat!
Don't believe me? Here's the number of customers Zoom has with at least 10 employees over time.
Chart by author. Data source: SEC filings.
This type of growth is mind-boggling. And I don't think we're done yet. Yes, face-to-face meetings still have a place and will return. But a more hybrid model that includes remote work is here to stay. It's cheaper; it's more convenient for families; it's better for the environment; it taxes our infrastructure less.
Some may say the stock is too expensive. Don't count me among that choir. When Motley Fool trading rules allow, the stock will be entering my own personal portfolio.
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Suzanne Frey, an executive at Alphabet, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Teresa Kersten, an employee of LinkedIn, a Microsoft subsidiary, is a member of The Motley Fool's board of directors. Brian Stoffel owns shares of Alphabet (A shares) and Alphabet (C shares). The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Alphabet (A shares), Alphabet (C shares), Microsoft, and Zoom Video Communications and recommends the following options: long January 2021 $85 calls on Microsoft, short January 2021 $115 calls on Microsoft, and short August 2020 $130 calls on Zoom Video Communications. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Balpakram National Park
Balpakram National Park is a national park to the south of Garo Hills in Meghalaya, India, located at an altitude of about 3000 ft close to the international border with Bangladesh. It was inaugurated in December 1987 and provides habitat for barking deer, Asian golden cat, Bengal tiger, marbled cat, wild water buffalo, red panda and Indian elephant. Balpakram means "land of the eternal wind" according to the myth of the Garo people.
UNESCO tentative list
The Central government of India has nominated the Garo Hills Conservation Area (GHCA), straddling South and West Garo Hills district in Meghalaya, as a World Heritage Site, which includes Balpakram National Park. It has been listed in UNESCO World Heritage tentative list.
Flora and fauna
Balpakram National Park is home to wide species of plants and animals. Its vegetation consists of subtropical, grassland, bamboo forest, tropical deciduous trees and carnivorous plants like the pitcher-plant and Drosera.
Species recorded include Indian elephant, chital deer, wild water buffalo, red panda, Bengal tiger, and marbled cat. The rivers and lakes in the wildlife reserve are home to various species of birds.
Balpakram myths
A Schima wallichii tree has a depression on its trunk. Local people believe that it was caused by spirits that take rest here on their way to their abode of the dead and tether animals killed on their funeral.
Visitor information
The best time to visit Balpakram National Park is from late October to May, when the weather is pleasant without rainfall. The park can be reached from Shillong by road from Guwahati airport to Tura and Baghmara. Entry fees will have to be paid at the park's gate. | WIKI |
On determining multiple positions and velocities from bistatic measurements - fast bistatic association in AASR
Authors:
• Herberthson Magnus
Publish date: 2003-01-01
Report number: FOI-R--0815--SE
Pages: 19
Written in: English
Abstract
This report considers a method for fast bistatic association and positioning of targets in a radar system like AASR - Associative Aperture Synthesis Radar. AASR consists of a network of distributed radar stations where the stations may be used in both monostatic and bistatic modes. The stations are not assumed to have any angular resolution, which means that the sensor information is range (both monostatic and bistatic) and the corresponding doppler information. The problem of correctly matching data from one sensor with data from another sensor, where data should be matched if they stem from the same target, is called the association problem. In this report we describe a new method for fast association which uses bistatic measurements only. The main advantage, besides the fact that bistatic configurations are more numerous than monostatic ditto, is that bistatic measurements has a much better capacity to detect stealth targets. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2015 December 15
Category:Deceased Filipino actors and actresses
* The result of the discussion was: delete. Good Ol’factory (talk) 02:15, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
* Propose deleting deceased filipino actors and actresses
* Nominator's rationale: Wikipedia doesn't have this type of category for other nationalities, and it doesn't seem like a significant characteristic. ... disco spinster talk 23:53, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete per nom; we don't need every human category divided between the living and dead, which this appears to begin. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 00:45, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Comment In case no one noticed: The CfD template has been removed from Category:Deceased Filipino actors and actresses. Ottawahitech (talk) 02:16, 17 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* Merge back to Category:Filipino actors and actresses: we do not normally allow present/former category splits; likewise living/dead. Peterkingiron (talk) 14:32, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* Peterkingiron: there is no Category:Filipino actors and actresses to merge to. If anything, it would be Category:Filipino actors. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:01, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Wikipedia does not subdivide occupational categories by whether the people are living or dead. Bearcat (talk) 22:32, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete, not merge this time, because the category creator added this as an additional category, and the member pages are already more specifically categorised by gender and medium. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:01, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete The contents are all in more specific male actor or actress categories. We do not create seperate categories for living people and deceased people with the exception of Category:Living people.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:20, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. We do have birth year and death year trees and, but it is not helpful or valuable to start comprehensively separating the living from the dead in every individual occupation category. Bearcat (talk) 23:01, 6 January 2016 (UTC)
* Delete Unnecessary form of overcategorization. Trivial to generate as a query on wikidata. Example Mduvekot (talk) 20:44, 11 January 2016 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. I do not need to list down this one, so much trivial and waste time. - Supergabbyshoe (talk2me) 19:16, 8 January 2016 (UTC)
Category:English astronauts
* The result of the discussion was: merge. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:46, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Propose deleting english astronauts
* Nominator's rationale: The wp:commonname is Category:British astronauts, see for example Tim Peake launch: The seven Britons to go to space, BBC and British space programme § British astronauts. The nationality of the astronauts follows British nationality law. Deletion of the Category English astronauts has been contested before at Category talk:English astronauts, but the rationale for deletion seems sound. Whizz40 (talk) 22:21, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Upmerge to Category:British astronauts We don't need two. There are no Welsh, Scots or Ulstermen in orbit. There are not enough Ulstermen in orbit.
* Even though I wouldn't over-emphasise the nationality aspect (as many had to take US citizenship to join NASA), British is clearer than English. Andy Dingley (talk) 10:48, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Query How many more Ulstermen would Andy like to see in orbit? Just a few or we talking total genocide here? Laurel Lodged (talk) 12:52, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* I have a list... Loudest first. Andy Dingley (talk) 13:01, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete and upmerge to Category:British astronauts. As far as I can see, all the astronauts in the category are described as British. None of the news coverage about Tim Peake, for example, describes him as the first Englishman to visit the ISS. Sionk (talk) 13:42, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge back to Category:British astronauts. There have not been enough to warrant a split into the four home nations. Peterkingiron (talk) 14:34, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:ASB Classic
* The result of the discussion was: rename per move of ASB Classic. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:32, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Propose renaming Category:ASB Classic to Category:WTA Auckland Open
* Nominator's rationale: per move of parent article, WTA Auckland Open. Mattlore (talk) 22:15, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:Heineken Open (tennis)
* The result of the discussion was: rename. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:42, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Propose renaming Category:Heineken Open (tennis) to Category:ATP Auckland Open
* Nominator's rationale: Not sure if this should be a speedy or not? Rename to remove old sponsor and match with parent article, ATP Auckland Open. Mattlore (talk) 22:12, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:Festivals by name
* The result of the discussion was: speedy delete (G7) including all sub-cats. – Fayenatic L ondon 11:04, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Propose deleting festivals by name
* Nominator's rationale: Do we need a new tree of Category:Festivals by name and all its children? What is wrong with Category:Festivals? How else does the default categorization work, if not by name? Andy Dingley (talk) 14:40, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete all categories of the Festivals by name tree. Festivals are already categorized by name, this is just a duplication of categories. Liz Read! Talk! 17:42, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Keep - since festivals are not currently organized by name, despite what Andy says. :) The tree actually prioritizes location of festivals, not festival name. If you take a look, for example, at Category:Festivals in the United Kingdom, you'll see a very good example of the utter chaos that is the festival tree. There are dozens of subcategories for genre and county, and no way to make it easy for people to scan the list of all UK festivals in one place, without clicking away dozens of times. The goal would be, using UK-focused templates, to have Category:Festivals in the United Kingdom by name, list every UK festival in one easy list.
* Anyways, I think the new "name" category makes scanning possible and more reasonable, and also meshes well with the "name" festival tree already on Wikimedia. It also allows various Category:Festival templates to be used to build the name sections, and make it pretty straightforward and simple for future updaters (just add, for example, a "Template:Rock Festival" template to a rock festival, and it is automatically placed in Category:Rock festivals by name, which would otherwise be an impossibly large category to ever fill up - but if each festival page eventually gets an appropriate template (my dream :b), the category will be nice and complete one day. Earflaps (talk) 20:19, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* We need festivals organised by name, and grouped by types. MediaWiki categorization will happily do both, in the same categories. The subcategories (implying the types) will be in the upper half of the page, the individual pages (the festivals by name) in the lower half. We don't need to hide "festivals by name" away in a separate sub-cat. Andy Dingley (talk) 10:52, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete this and its by-name subcategories. Other categories created by this editor (several hundred in the last couple of weeks) should also be checked. DexDor(talk) 20:40, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete the entire tree per nom. By the way it seems like creator doesn't understand the difference between lists and categories; furthermore, List of festivals in the United Kingdom already exists. Marcocapelle (talk) 21:37, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete the entire tree per nom. This is not a good idea and the creation of this 'by name' tree would not conceivably gain any sort of consensus. (The template "Template:Rock Festival" could put a rock festival into Category:Rock festivals: no need for any new subcat.) Oculi (talk) 11:57, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Note - I stand corrected, and clearly took a category tree found I found on wikimedia and erroneously thought it might help here. I've only created a few "name" categories on wikipedia so far, and they can all be easily undone by removing the categories on several templates, and then deleting the category (plus manually removing from a few festival categories). I will cease making any in the future, and follow Oculi's tip above if needed. Earflaps (talk) 15:27, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Very pertinent question - the "festival by name" category was pre-existing on wikimedia when I found it - should I avoid that tree on wikimedia entirely as well? Earflaps (talk) 15:27, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Tree emptied - to make it easier to delete. Earflaps (talk) 16:05, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete all per nom. One of the reasons topics are subcatted by country and type of festival and the like is because an undifferentiated megalist of all festivals, without distinction for nationality or type, would be a massively unbrowsable megacategory — and even if we did want that for some reason, other categories that we already have could serve that function without a "by name" tree existing as a separate thing from the existing structure. Bearcat (talk) 23:45, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete all - fell the whole tree -- Someone seems to have created a whole tree of unnecessary empty categories. Peterkingiron (talk) 14:37, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete all - confusing, empty, does not aid in navigation or classification. 19:00, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* Speedy delete of the tree per WP:G7 and the creator of the category already emptied the whole tree. This overturns my previous vote. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:25, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:Districts of Pakistani Punjab
* The result of the discussion was: merge. It is merge rather than delete, because the convention for places is option 1 as listed under WP:EPONYMOUS. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:42, 1 January 2016 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Districts of Pakistani Punjab to Category:Districts of Punjab, Pakistan
* Nominator's rationale: Duplicate categories <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:51, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support rationale. Presumably the nominated category can even be plainly deleted, since the target contains all districts as subcategories instead of as articles. Marcocapelle (talk) 09:37, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge per nom, they cover the same thing.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:21, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:Founders of companies of the United States
* The result of the discussion was: merge as nominated. There seems to be a consensus that the location of the company founded is not a defining characteristic of the person being categorized, but the nationality of the founder is, and since there is a major overlap between the two, the nationality ones should be kept and the others deleted. It looks to me like Bearcat in good faith felt that these categories were essentially duplicates and that this is the reason he redirected them; it doesn't seem to me to be an attempt to get around having a CFD and I wouldn't call it an error on his part. Good Ol’factory (talk) 08:55, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of the United States to Category:American company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of Canada to Category:Canadian company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of France to Category:French company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of Ireland to Category:Irish company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of Japan to Category:Japanese company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of Spain to Category:Spanish company founders
* Propose merging Category:Founders of companies of the United States to Category:American company founders
* Propose merging Category:Company founders by country to Category:Company founders by nationality
* Nominator's rationale: I caught "Founders of companies of the United States" about an hour ago and categoryredirected it to "American company founders" as a duplicate of an existing category — but this was challenged on the basis that they weren't duplicates, as the key characteristic of "American company founders" was the nationality of the person while the key characteristic of "Founders of companies of the United States" was the location of the company. But the majority of the potential entries for this category are American citizens anyway, meaning that they would end up sitting in both of these categories simultaneously with each other — and for the small minority who aren't American citizens, the location of the company fails to be a WP:DEFINING characteristic of the person in the manner necessary to support a category for it. (For example, if I as a Canadian start a company here in Toronto, and then it gets bought out a year later by an American investor who moves the head office to New York City, then I've suddenly become a "founder of a company of the United States" without ever actually leaving Canada at all — so the company certainly becomes defined by its relocation, but that relocation doesn't magically turn into a defining characteristic of me.) So I still consider it a pointless duplication, and I'm not even remotely convinced by the counterargument. What say the rest of you, though? Bearcat (talk) 07:11, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support per nom, a clear case of WP:OVERLAPCAT. Marcocapelle (talk) 07:18, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support (assuming that any articles about non-US people forming a US company aren't miscategorized by the merge). This is overcategorization. DexDor(talk) 07:21, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge what? The category was completely emptied before the CfD was initiated. Ottawahitech (talk) 16:30, 21 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* @Ottawahitech. Merge whatever articles are in the category when CFD is closed. Fyi it wasn't empty when I added the above cmt. DexDor(talk) 05:58, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
* Keep and repopulate with all of the entries that Bearcat preemptively removed before he renamed/redirected this category to Category:American company founders without discussion. This is a categorization by location, not by nationality. The belief that the founding of a company in the United States by someone who is not an American citizen is not a defining characteristic of that person is a very idiosyncratic opinion (and could be perceived as U.S.-centric chauvinist one as well; see WP:SYSTEMICBIAS). This category is part of Category:Company founders by country ( not Category:Company founders by nationality ) and Category:Companies of the United States. To delete, redirect or rename it would violate the standard "by location" versus "by nationality" category breakdown system we have. Softlavender (talk) 07:29, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* We don't have any "standard 'by location' versus 'by nationality' category breakdown system". We don't have any categories where "American X" and "X of the United States" coexist simultaneously with each other, containing 90 to 95 per cent the same topics anyway — we have topics subdivided by nationality ("American") or by country ("of the United States"), depending on which makes more natural sense in that particular topic area, but there's nowhere in Wikipedia's entire category system where those things both exist as siblings of each other for the same topic.
* And just by the by, I'm Canadian. So the idea that I'm coming from a US-centric bias here? I have to bring "ROTFLMAO" back for that one. Bearcat (talk)
* You are erroneously conflating company and person there, in my opinion. As I mentioned above, we have a Category:Company founders by country (or we did until you just now removed it from all subcats and redirected/renamed it without discussion) and Category:Company founders by nationality, distinguishing company location from nationality of founder. To remove one large and important subset of the former violates the system, or the system that existed until you summarily dismantled it without discussion. Softlavender (talk) 07:50, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* "Company founders by country" and "company founders by nationality" are not two separate topics. Considerably more than 90 per cent of the people involved end up having to be in both trees simultaneously with each other — violating WP:OVERLAPCAT — and for the very few who aren't doubling up in both, the location of the company is a defining characteristic of the company, and not of the individual person. So I'm not "conflating" anything, erroneously or otherwise. And again, we don't have any topic, anywhere in all of Wikipedia, where "X by country" and "X by nationality" both coexist as siblings of each other for the same "X". So this standard scheme you claim I'm violating simply does not exist.
* And, for the record, not all changes to the category system require discussion first; spelling errors and duplicates, for example, can be speedied without having to come to CFD first. Completely empty categories can be deleted on sight by anybody with access to the deletion function. Categories that aren't consistent with the applicable naming conventions (e.g. if somebody uses "women" in a category tree where the established expectation is "female", or vice versa) can be renamed on sight without needing to be debated. And on and so forth. The correct process after you challenged it was to take it to CFD, which I did — but given that I considered the categories to be duplicates to which our speedy CFD/CFR/CFM criteria were applicable, there was no requirement for me to take it to CFD before I could act on my original judgement — the only requirement was that I take it here for review if somebody objected. Which I did. Bearcat (talk) 08:04, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Did you know I created this category tree? Ottawahitech (talk) 16:39, 21 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* Why would it who did or didn't create something have any relevance to the matter either way? The includability or deletability of anything in Wikipedia is a question of whether the content fits with Wikipedia's established consensus about whether the content is includable or deletable under our content policies. Except occasionally in some extreme vandalism circumstances, the identity of any given content's creator has no bearing either way on the question of whether it's keepable or not. Bearcat (talk) 21:52, 26 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete: I agree that this scenario would make you a "Canadian company founder". The additional information that your company is American belongs on the company page, not in the list of categories that describe you. Connor Behan (talk) 16:29, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support, for the compelling reason outlined by the nominator, that the location of the company is not a defining attribute of the person. Sionk (talk) 13:47, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support but merge both to new target -- The distinction between the nationality of a company (where it is incorporated) and what the founder's nationality was is too fine a distinction to be useful. Yes an Englishman may have emigrated and founded a company in America, but it is not useful to categorise him as an English company founder, when his achievement was in fact in America. Thus Category:Founders of American companies etc. should be the target. They may need purging of foreign nationals. Peterkingiron (talk) 15:20, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
* Will Pfizer still be an American company after it merges with Allergan / Actavis (based in Dublin and Parsippany-Troy Hills) which is now the property of Teva Pharmaceuticals (based in Petah Tikva) after it was sold to it in July 2015? Ottawahitech (talk) 23:25, 20 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me ... and is Aditya Julka an Indian company founder (this is how he gets classified when I try to classify him as a founder of companies of India)? Ottawahitech (talk) 23:34, 20 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* Manual merge in order to exclude any expatriates who would not belong in the target categories. I do not consider that it would be useful to populate both hierarchies. Let us categorise company founders only by their own nationality and not also by the country of the company. – Fayenatic L ondon 11:52, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Why are we wasting time discussing these virtual categories that have already been emptied out of process and redirected? How can editors make informed decisions when the evidence is gone? Why does the list of categories under discussion keep growing while we "discuss"?
* I tried to retrieve as much as I could from the devastation left behind, but I do not have access to any automated tools so it takes me exponentially longer to revert all the actions that took the nominator only minutes to accomplish. As it stands now I have only been able to revert a subset of the categories which were redirected by the nominator on Dec15, but those categories are mostly empty because the nominator emptied them also on Dec 15.
* This "discussion" is not only a waste of my time (including the time it took me to build this category in the first place), but also the time of the nominator and the rest of the editors involved here. Ottawahitech (talk) 15:00, 24 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* Bearcat may yet prove to be in error and help to reverse the damage. Even if he does not, consensus may be reached just by considering the points of principle, although it is of course often useful to be able to look at examples. – Fayenatic L ondon 20:53, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* I don't see bearcat trying to reverse his error. Am I missing something? AND while this CfD is still open other editors (In addition to bearcat nominations of categories I created) are jumping in with further nominations that will wipe the history of bearcats actions of December 15, 2015. See for example: Category talk:Businesspeople of companies in Canada, a page deleted by bearcat without discussion. Ottawahitech (talk) 22:12, 27 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* agreed, Bearcat is evidently not going to help, and has expressed a personal view of CFD process which is not shared by anyone else as far as I know. If the general view is not sufficiently clearly documented, this will have to be addressed at WT:CFD. – Fayenatic L ondon 22:52, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
* There is not and has never been any consensus that redirection is considered equivalent to deletion, or that a redirect must always be taken to CFD first unless it fits the exact same criteria that would allow it to be speedy deleted — for instance, if already exists, and then somebody not cognizant of the naming convention creates alongside it, there is no rule or convention that requires a full seven days of CFD debate before somebody can redirect the new category to the existing one and refile the articles accordingly. If any such consensus does exist that redirection is the same as deletion, and is therefore subject to the same rules about when it can be speedied versus when it has to go to a full XFD instead, then it certainly hasn't been documented anywhere (and thus represents an error on the community's part in failing to document it properly, and not an error on my part in failing to follow an undocumented rule.) If there's a new consensus established by which that should become the new rule going forward, then that's one thing — but it is not the consensus rule that pertains to redirects as of now, and accordingly I will not tolerate this situation being branded as any form of error on my part. Maybe this rule needs revision, maybe the consensus needs to change; I can accept that. But I absolutely, unconditionally will not brook any attempt to claim that I acted improperly under any existing rule pertaining to redirects. Bearcat (talk) 02:37, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
* Here is another category that was deleted with no discussion: Category:Chairmen of corporations by country. Ottawahitech (talk) 20:17, 28 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
* On further reflection, I change my view to reverse merge. The case of founders is different from Chief executives, which I think should be categorised by the nationality of the person – see 1st discussion at Categories for discussion/Log/2015 December 18. Being a "company founder" is not an occupation, and is better sub-categorised according to the country of the company rather than the person. IMHO it should be the country where the company was based when founded, and the category should not change in the event of a foreign takeover. – Fayenatic L ondon 20:53, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge in either direction, with a weak preference for Fayenatic london's alternative for a reverse merge to prioritize country of the company over nationality of the founder (which is a slight reinterpretation of my earlier merge vote). Marcocapelle (talk) 00:50, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
THE FOLLOWING IS TRANSCLUDED text from Category talk:Company founders by country. Ottawahitech (talk) 22:44, 18 December 2015 (UTC)please ping me
--start transclusion--
--end transclusion--
* The fact that somebody has worked on populating a category is not, in and of itself, a reason why that category would automatically get kept. The category system does not exist as a way to create lists of every single thing it might be possible to create a list of — it exists as a classification system to group topics on WP:DEFINING characteristics. We do not, for example, maintain categories of people by hair colour or eye colour, or by unencyclopedic hobbies, even though all of those would certainly be possible — we categorize people by characteristics that are defining of why they have an encyclopedia article, such as their occupation and nationality, and not on characteristics that constitute trivia. Nobody owes you a cookie for having worked hard on something, without regard to whether that something has encyclopedic value or not — people are allowed to look at a category, believe that it constitutes a duplication of another category that already exists, and act accordingly without asking for your personal permission first. Bearcat (talk) 23:00, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Unless a change to a category is non-controversial – e.g. prompted by vandalism or duplication – please do not amend or remove the category from pages before a decision has been made. (from WP:CFD). Marcocapelle (talk) 23:42, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* You're entirely misunderstanding the order of events here if you think I ever did anything that violated CFD rules in any way. The categories in question had already been redirected and depopulated under the speedy criteria by which a duplicate category can be immediately redirected and depopulated, and thus in full accordance with "prompted by duplication". Only after all of that was done did anybody express an objection to my reading of the situation — at no point in this entire matter has a single article been removed from any of the categories in question after they were restored and taken to CFD for wider discussion, so at no point whatsoever has any CFD rule been violated at all. Bearcat (talk) 23:53, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* While admitting that I had meanwhile forgotten about the sequence of events, I wonder if there are any speedy criteria like that. Don't get me wrong, I do support the nomination, but I'd rather also keep some consensus about procedures. Marcocapelle (talk) 08:31, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* Bearcat: I am not aware of speedy criteria for duplicate categories permitting immediate merging. WP:CSD includes A10 for duplicate articles, but no equivalent under General or Categories, unless there is consent from the category's creator. – Fayenatic L ondon 11:42, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* CSD criteria have no bearing on what can or cannot be merged or redirected to another article or category; redirecting is not deletion and is not subject to deletion-process rules, so what is or isn't a speedy deletion criterion has no bearing on a redirect. There is no rule that one must always initiate a full AFD/CFD discussion before a duplicated-topic article or category can be redirected to the existing topic or category. The only hard and fast rule that applies to redirection of duplicated content is to take it to CFD for wider discussion if you're challenged on it after the fact, which I did — but there's no rule by which my original action was improper. Bearcat (talk) 21:52, 26 December 2015 (UTC)
* You seem to have interpreted this category in good faith as duplicated, so I can see how you might conclude the above from the lead section of WP:CFD: Unless a change to a category is non-controversial – e.g. prompted by vandalism or duplication – please do not amend or remove the category from pages before a decision has been made.
* However, you recognised in your nomination that you later realised it was controversial after all, as others see this case as a strong degree of overlap rather than a duplication.
* I'm spelling this out here in case other editors read this discussion and take it as a precedent for controversial merges without following the WP:CFD process. Where effort has been put into building a debatable category or hierarchy by an editor who is still active, it would be good practice to ask that category's creator whether they agree that there is duplication. Even if this leads to a disagreement which then comes to CFD as a merger proposal, it is better to have a discussion of full categories than empty ones. – Fayenatic L ondon 22:06, 1 January 2016 (UTC)
* "Controversy" about a redirection (or a speedy deletion, for that matter) is not something that can always necessarily be foreseen or predicted in advance of an objection actually getting raised after the fact — sometimes it is, sure, but it isn't always the case. Wikipedia does not expect its editors or administrators to be clairvoyant or psychic, so my failure to have had advance foreknowledge that an objection was going to be raised after the fact still does not represent any negligence on my part. When an objection was raised, I acted correctly in taking it to CFD for wider discussion — but it was not my responsibility to have already known that such an objection was in the offing before I acted, because this is not a situation in which the potential controversy was plainly obvious right off the bat. Bearcat (talk) 23:16, 1 January 2016 (UTC)
* Keep the new category tree and rename it to the scheme Category:Founders of Canadian companies, Category:Founders of French companies not just for simplicity and brevity, but also because it's often more about the gravitational center (by history, factories etc.) of a company than about the jurisdiction a company is currently registered in, which is better captured this way. Can peacefully coexist with the long-standing category tree and may even be combined (given it contains enough member articles) to Category:Greek founders of American companies, Category:Turkish founders of German companies etc. --PanchoS (talk) 21:58, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
* "Keep the new category tree ... for simplicity ..." - ?! "it's often more about the gravitational center ... of a company" - this isn't categorization of companies; it's categorization of people. DexDor(talk) 05:58, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
* Didn't state or presuppose the opposite. --PanchoS (talk) 21:15, 28 December 2015 (UTC)
* Rename/Merge to Category:Founders of companies in the United States etc. I think making it "in" instead of "in" will avoid any dispute. For example if two British Army officers started a company in Bombay (now Mumbai) in 1902, what category would it belong in? The most direct formulation is to categorize people by where they founded the company. If they founded companies in Russia, then in the United States, then in Mexico, then in Argentina, then in Australia, they can be in those five categories. If on the other hand they were born in Germany, came to the United States, and founded a company 20 years later, they should not be categorized as a German company founder. We do not need the two trees, they create lots and lots and lots of overlap, which leads either to under-built categories or category clutter, the later of which we already have way too much of.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:26, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* Comment I think we should also limit this to people who were involved in running the company, and exclude those who only put up money to start a company but were not involved in its operations. I am not even sure this is a worthwhile way to categorize people at all.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:28, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* Comment Someone continues to empty these categories while this CfD is still not decided. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:51, 28 January 2016 (UTC)please ping me
Category:Wikipedia Selected picture files
* The result of the discussion was: Delete. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 22:09, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
* Propose deleting wikipedia selected picture files
* Nominator's rationale: Selected by whom? We have categories such as Category:Wikipedia Picture of the day and Category:Wikipedia featured pictures which are part of established processes, but I've been unable to find any Wikipedia process that refers to this category. For info: This CFD is part of an attempt to tidy up the category structure below Category:Wikipedia images. DexDor(talk) 07:00, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete, and empty it by editing Template:SP Massachusetts. Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:SP_Massachusetts matches the contents of this category. The template does not seem to be part of a series. User:MGA73 coded this category in the template stating, "Adding category to avoid that files end up in Special:UncategorizedFiles"; well, these files are now in other categories via other templates, so that should not happen again. – Fayenatic L ondon 09:02, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
Subcats of Category:Populated places established in the 1370s
* The result of the discussion was: merge. Marcocapelle (talk) 09:39, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
Propose upmerging
* Category:Populated places established in 1370 to Category:Populated places established in the 1370s and Category:1370 establishments
* Category:Populated places established in 1373 to Category:Populated places established in the 1370s and Category:1373 establishments
* Category:Populated places established in 1375 to Category:Populated places established in the 1370s and Category:1375 establishments
* Rationale: We don't generally have such categories for years before 1500, and these categories aren't necessary to keep their parents at a reasonable size. עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 06:56, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support per nom. Also, from Category:Populated places by year of establishment, "Where reliable foundation dates exist, articles should be categorised by year for 1500 and later, by decade from the 1300s to the 1490s, by century from the 10th century BC to the 13th century and by millennium for the 2nd millennium BC and earlier. Prior to 1500, where greater dating accuracy exists, articles should also be placed in the appropriate Establishments by year category." Greenshed (talk) 13:54, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support -- very specific annual categories at dates in the remote past are rarely useful. Furthermore, I would question the veracity of the content: I checked the basis for several of them. Some failed to mention the date. Others gave it as "first mentioned in", which is not necessarily a date of foundation. One said it was first mentioned in an imperial land register at a certain date. Unless the date relates to an imperial grant for the land to be settled, it could be significantly older. 14:51, 20 December 2015 (UTC)
Category:Executed generals and admirals
* The result of the discussion was: Rename to . עוד מישהו Od Mishehu 08:38, 13 January 2016 (UTC)
* Propose renaming Category:Executed generals and admirals to Category:Executed marshals, generals and admirals
* Nominator's rationale: This category contains marshals as well as generals and admirals. Greenshed (talk) 05:42, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Oppose - better to keep the category name simple and use text to explain its scope than to attempt to have a comprehensive list in the category name. Possibly rename to something like Category:Executed senior military commanders . DexDor(talk) 07:07, 15 December 2015 (UTC) DexDor(talk) 06:57, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* That's a good point. What about Category:Executed military leaders as Category:Military leaders is the top level category for admirals, air marshals, generals and marshals? Greenshed (talk) 18:42, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Yes, that's better. DexDor(talk) 06:57, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Rename to Category:Executed military leaders "Leadership" and "military" are the only crucial aspects, not rank or branch of service. If some lucky sergeant wins out in a short-lived coup, they belong here. Andy Dingley (talk) 10:50, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Presumably to Category:Executed military leaders which gets my support as well. Marcocapelle (talk) 19:39, 16 December 2015 (UTC)
* Yes, thanks. Andy Dingley (talk) 01:02, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Comment. We're looking at renaming a category not changing its purpose. As per its hat note, the Category:Military leaders is intended for those who exerted strategic level military leadership, including those without formal rank. Of course a sergeant who led a military coup could be doing this but his strategic or national-level leadership would be far in excess of his rank. Were the "lucky" sergeant then to be executed, his biographical article might get included in the category under discussion. We could of course create Category:Executed military officers, Category:Executed non-commissioned personnel, etc as subcategories of Category:Executed military personnel if required but that is not what we're here to discuss. Greenshed (talk) 00:24, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete do we really need to split executed military folks by rank? Carlossuarez46 (talk) 00:48, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Comment. Do you mean up-merge to Category:Executed military personnel? (incidentially I was not arguing for the creation of Category:Executed military officers, Category:Executed non-commissioned personnel, etc - just pointing out that it was a possible option). Greenshed (talk) 01:57, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* Rename to Category:Executed military leaders. Neutralitytalk 07:06, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Rename/repurpose to ex mil leaders a good idea. - üser:Altenmann >t 16:57, 19 December 2015 (UTC)
* Upmerge to Category:Executed military personnel. That category is not large enough to justify such a split.04:30, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* Executed generals and admirals has 92 articles and a subcategory while Executed military personnel has even more. How many articles would be needed to justify having a separate category? Greenshed (talk) 05:19, 2 January 2016 (UTC)
Category:Pro-Assadists
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* The result of the discussion was: delete; merge contents to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. Good Ol’factory (talk) 02:17, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
* Propose deleting pro-assadists
* Nominator's rationale: Redundant, non-definitive. Upmerge into parent category:Pro-government factions of the Syrian Civil War - üser:Altenmann >t 03:02, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support merge per WP:OVERLAPCAT. Marcocapelle (talk) 21:44, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 00:49, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete/upmerge per nom - redundant. Neutralitytalk 16:24, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Objection to merge: these are individuals, and therefore cannot be categorised as "factions". I suggest a rename instead, e.g. category:Pro-government people of the Syrian Civil War. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:54, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* You have a point against upmerging, but if these people are not from any factions, just don't upmerge. The categorystill does not fit our rules about persons. - üser:Altenmann >t 21:59, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* It's correct that the merge target doesn't fit individual people. A better merge target would then be its other parent Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. This more neutrally-phrased category also fits better with the fact that these people are not necessarily pro-Assad or pro-government – rather, they are fighting on the side of Syrian government because they happen to have common interests with the Assad government (common enemies in particular). 00:35, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
* Agree with the last anonymous comment. Though a case could be made that Assad's collaborators are slightly more homogenous in their aims than his various antagonists, "pro-Assadists" clearly is no usable category scope. In this particular case I'm abstaining for now, as a good proposal might still pop up during discussion, but would otherwise propose deletion or upmerge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. PanchoS (talk) 18:01, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
* OK, merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War instead. – Fayenatic L ondon 19:15, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. In a Civil War such as is going on in Syria, with lots of factions fighting lots of other factions, some people are bound to change sides, so we are best off not subdividing by side. Considering we only have 3 articles in this category there is no reason to keep it at this time.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:32, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War as per Johnpacklambert. LavaBaron (talk) 18:33, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
Category:Anti-Assadists
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* The result of the discussion was: delete; merge contents to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. Good Ol’factory (talk) 02:21, 12 February 2016 (UTC)
* Propose deleting anti-assadists
* Nominator's rationale: Redundant, non-definitive. Upmerge into parent category:Anti-government factions of the Syrian Civil War . - üser:Altenmann >t 03:03, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Support merge per WP:OVERLAPCAT. Marcocapelle (talk) 21:44, 15 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge per nom. Carlossuarez46 (talk) 00:49, 17 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete/upmerge per nom - redundant. Neutralitytalk 16:24, 18 December 2015 (UTC)
* Objection to merge as above; consider renaming instead. – Fayenatic L ondon 21:55, 24 December 2015 (UTC)
* Delete. Not redundant but misleading and impossible to handle. Almost everybody who is or might be called an "anti-Assadist" primarily follows their own agenda which may be incompatible with Ba'ath rule, but goes beyond that. The common grounds are rather limited and may be of tactical rather than strategic nature. And while the common interests and values may be a basis for present or future cooperation, they are not sufficiently captured by a pro- vs. anti-Assad dichotomy. --PanchoS (talk) 12:42, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War instead, as above. – Fayenatic L ondon 22:16, 27 December 2015 (UTC)
* Merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War. That category even if this and the pro-Assadists categories are merged in will still have only about 120 or less articles, which is not enough to justify a split unless some other reason compels one. The nature of the Syrian Civil War is that of a complex war with multiple factions and high probability that some people will change sides.John Pack Lambert (talk) 04:34, 30 December 2015 (UTC)
* LOL, "120 not too much" is a funny reason, and your cited risk of people changing sides is neither a problem for our categorization nor informed by the complexity of a conflict that doesn't follow such a simplistic dichotomy. But in the end, what we can agree on is that these two categories should be upmerged. --PanchoS (talk) 23:59, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
* Merge to Category:People of the Syrian Civil War as per Johnpacklambert. LavaBaron (talk) 18:33, 6 February 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Pan'an, Gangu
Pan'an is a town in Gangu County, Tianshui, China.
The history of Pan'an can be traced back to the Tang dynasty, when it was a stop on the Silk Road. The present town was founded in 1718 as a marketplace after the 1718 Tongwei–Gansu earthquake destroyed the historical town called Yongning.
Nowadays it is known for the cultivation of chives. | WIKI |
Quickstart: Analyze a remote image using the Computer Vision REST API and Java
In this quickstart, you analyze a remotely stored image to extract visual features by using Computer Vision's REST API. With the Analyze Image method, you can extract visual features based on image content.
If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin.
Prerequisites
Create and run the sample application
To create and run the sample, do the following steps:
1. Create a new Java project in your favorite IDE or editor. If the option is available, create the Java project from a command line application template.
2. Import the following libraries into your Java project. If you're using Maven, the Maven coordinates are provided for each library.
3. Add the following import statements to the file that contains the Main public class for your project.
import java.net.URI;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.json.JSONObject;
4. Replace the Main public class with the following code, then make the following changes in code where needed:
1. Replace the value of subscriptionKey with your subscription key.
2. Replace the value of uriBase with the endpoint URL for the Analyze Image method from the Azure region where you obtained your subscription keys, if necessary.
3. Optionally, replace the value of imageToAnalyze with the URL of a different image that you want to analyze.
public class Main {
// **********************************************
// *** Update or verify the following values. ***
// **********************************************
// Replace <Subscription Key> with your valid subscription key.
private static final String subscriptionKey = "<Subscription Key>";
// You must use the same Azure region in your REST API method as you used to
// get your subscription keys. For example, if you got your subscription keys
// from the West US region, replace "westcentralus" in the URL
// below with "westus".
//
// Free trial subscription keys are generated in the "westus" region.
// If you use a free trial subscription key, you shouldn't need to change
// this region.
private static final String uriBase =
"https://westcentralus.api.cognitive.microsoft.com/vision/v2.0/analyze";
private static final String imageToAnalyze =
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/" +
"1/12/Broadway_and_Times_Square_by_night.jpg";
public static void main(String[] args) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
try {
URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(uriBase);
// Request parameters. All of them are optional.
builder.setParameter("visualFeatures", "Categories,Description,Color");
builder.setParameter("language", "en");
// Prepare the URI for the REST API method.
URI uri = builder.build();
HttpPost request = new HttpPost(uri);
// Request headers.
request.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
request.setHeader("Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key", subscriptionKey);
// Request body.
StringEntity requestEntity =
new StringEntity("{\"url\":\"" + imageToAnalyze + "\"}");
request.setEntity(requestEntity);
// Call the REST API method and get the response entity.
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(request);
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
if (entity != null) {
// Format and display the JSON response.
String jsonString = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonString);
System.out.println("REST Response:\n");
System.out.println(json.toString(2));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// Display error message.
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Compile and run the program
1. Save, then build the Java project.
2. If you're using an IDE, run Main.
Alternately, if you're running the program from a command line window, run the following commands. These commands presume your libraries are in a folder named libs that is in the same folder as Main.java; if not, you will need to replace libs with the path to your libraries.
1. Compile the file Main.java.
javac -cp ".;libs/*" Main.java
2. Run the program. It will send the request to the QnA Maker API to create the KB, then it will poll for the results every 30 seconds. Each response is printed to the command line window.
java -cp ".;libs/*" Main
Examine the response
A successful response is returned in JSON. The sample application parses and displays a successful response in the console window, similar to the following example:
REST Response:
{
"metadata": {
"width": 1826,
"format": "Jpeg",
"height": 2436
},
"color": {
"dominantColorForeground": "Brown",
"isBWImg": false,
"accentColor": "B74314",
"dominantColorBackground": "Brown",
"dominantColors": ["Brown"]
},
"requestId": "bbffe1a1-4fa3-4a6b-a4d5-a4964c58a811",
"description": {
"captions": [{
"confidence": 0.8241405091548035,
"text": "a group of people on a city street filled with traffic at night"
}],
"tags": [
"outdoor",
"building",
"street",
"city",
"busy",
"people",
"filled",
"traffic",
"many",
"table",
"car",
"group",
"walking",
"bunch",
"crowded",
"large",
"night",
"light",
"standing",
"man",
"tall",
"umbrella",
"riding",
"sign",
"crowd"
]
},
"categories": [{
"score": 0.625,
"name": "outdoor_street"
}]
}
Clean up resources
When no longer needed, delete the Java project, including the compiled class and imported libraries.
Next steps
Explore a Java Swing application that uses Computer Vision to perform optical character recognition (OCR); create smart-cropped thumbnails; plus detect, categorize, tag, and describe visual features, including faces, in an image. To rapidly experiment with the Computer Vision API, try the Open API testing console. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:C.recalde/sandbox5
= UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development = The UNESCO World Conference on Education for Sustainable Development is an international conference organized by UNESCO once a year. The event brings together international experts and stakeholders to discuss the topic of education for sustainable development.
List of conferences
The first conference took place in XX in (city). So far, XX have been organized. Below a list:
Bonn (Germany) | WIKI |
Tepco Wants to Hasten Start of Kashiwazaki Reactor to Ease Power Shortages
Tokyo Electric Power Co. wants the
government to hasten approvals for the restart of a reactor shut
by an earthquake in 2007 as Japan grapples with power shortages
after last month’s disaster. Three of seven reactors at the Kashiwazaki Kariwa station
remain closed while the utility known as Tepco carries out work
to strengthen their resistance to earthquakes. Reinforcement
work could continue at two of the units, while a third is
restarted, Tepco President Masataka Shimizu said yesterday. “Though I can’t give a detailed timeframe, I would like to
get approval to restart the No. 3 reactor early, this year if
possible,” Shimizu said. Tepco has battled to stop radiation leaking from the
Fukushima Dai-Ichi station amid hundreds of aftershocks since
the March 11 earthquake and tsunami triggered the worst nuclear
crisis since Chernobyl. Japan is facing the prospect of power
shortages this summer after the disaster cut national generating
capacity by 8 percent as of April 8. Kashiwazaki Kariwa, the world’s biggest power plant, was
shut in July 2007 after a quake bigger than anticipated in its
design struck Niigata, northwest of Tokyo , triggering a fire and
radiation leaks. Kashiwazaki Mayor Hiroshi Aida said there will be no
progress on starting the three reactors until Tokyo Electric
resolves the Fukushima incident, according to a report by Kyodo
News . City spokesman Takehiko Katagiri confirmed Aida’s comments
on April 6. Local government approval is required for a restart. Shimizu today confirmed that Fukushima Dai-Ichi reactors 1-
4 will be decommissioned, while the fate of two remaining units,
which were shut at the time of the disaster, remains undecided. Companies including Toshiba Corp., Hitachi Ltd. and Areva
SA are vying for contracts to dismantle the reactors, work that
may take three decades and cost more than 1 trillion yen ($12
billion), according to engineers and analysts. To contact the reporter on this story:
Tsuyoshi Inajima in Tokyo at
tinajima@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Will Kennedy at
wkennedy3@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Microbiome testing service uBiome puts its co-founders on administrative leave after FBI raid – TechCrunch
The microbiome testing service uBiome has placed its founders and co-chief executives, Jessica Richman and Zac Apte, on administrative leave following an FBI raid on the company’s offices last week. The company’s board of directors have named John Rakow, currently the company’s general counsel, as its interim chairman and chief executive, the company said in a statement. Directors of the company are also conducting an independent investigation into the company’s billing practices, which is being overseen by a special committee of the board. It was only last week that the FBI went to the company’s headquarters to search for documents related to an ongoing investigation. What’s at issue is the way that the company was billing insurers for the microbiome tests it was performing on customers. The FBI searched the offices of microbiome startup uBiome “As interim CEO of uBiome, I want all of our stakeholders to know that we intend to cooperate fully with government authorities and private payors to satisfactorily resolve the questions that have been raised, and we will take any corrective actions that are needed to ensure we can become a stronger company better able to serve patients and healthcare providers,” Rakow said in a statement. ”My confidence is based on the significant clinical evidence and medical literature that demonstrates the utility and value of uBiome’s products as important tools for patients, health care providers and our commercial partners.” added Mr. Rakow. It’s been a rough few weeks for consumer companies working on developing microbiome testing services and treatments based on those diagnosis. In addition to the FBI raid, the Seattle-based company, Arivale, was forced to shut down its “consumer program” after raising more than $50 million from investors, including Maveron, Polaris Partners and ARCH Venture Partners. UBiome is backed by investors including Andreessen Horowitz, OS Fund, 8VC, Y Combinator, DNA Capital, Crunchfund, StartX, Kapor Capital, Starlight Ventures and 500 Startups. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Zeroconf Branch Sharing with Bazaar
Bazaar logoAt Canonical, one of the approaches taken to accelerate development is to hold coding sprints (otherwise known as hackathons, hackfests or similar). Certain things get done a lot quicker face to face compared to mailing lists, IRC or VoIP.
When collaborating with someone at one of these sprints the usual way to let others look at my work would be to commit the changes so that they could be pulled or merged by others. With legacy version control systems like CVS or Subversion, this would generally result in me uploading all my changes to a server in another country only for them to be downloaded back to the sprint location by others.
In contrast, with a modern VCS like Bazaar we should be able to avoid this since the full history of the branch is available locally – enough information to let others pull or merge the changes. That said, we’ve often ended up using a server on the internet to exchange changes despite this. This is the same work flow we use when working from home, so I guess the pain of switching to a new work flow outweighs the potential productivity gains.
The Solution
Bazaar makes it easy to run a read only server locally:
bzr serve [--directory=DIR]
However, there is still the issue of others finding the branch. They’d need to know the IP address assigned to my computer at the sprint, and the path to the branch on the server. Ideally they’d just need to know the name of the my branch. As it happens, we’ve got the technology to fix this.
Avahi logoAvahi makes it trivial to advertise and browse for services on the local network without having to worry about what IP addresses have been assigned or what people name their computer. So the solution is to hook Avahi and Bazaar together. This was fairly easy due to Avahi’s DBus interface and the dbus-python bindings.
The result is my bzr-avahi plugin. You can either download tarballs or install the latest version directly with from Bazaar:
bzr branch lp:bzr-avahi ~/.bazaar/plugins/avahi
To use the plugin, you must have at least version 1.1 of Bazaar, the Python bindings for DBus and Avahi, and a working Avahi setup. Once the plugin is installed, it hooks into the standard “bzr serve” command to do the following:
• scan the directory being served for branches that the user has asked to advertise.
• ask Avahi to advertise said branches
You can ask to advertise a branch using the new “bzr advertise” command:
bzr advertise [BRANCH-NAME]
If no name is specified, the branch’s nickname is used. The advertise command sends a signal over the session bus to tell any running servers about the change, so there is no need to restart “bzr serve” to see the change.
At this point, the advertised branches should be visible with a service browser like avahi-discover, so that’s half the problem solved. From the client side two things are provided: a special redirecting transport and a command to list all advertised branches on the local network.
The transport allows you to access the branch by its advertised name with most Bazaar commands. For example, merging a branch is as simple as:
$ bzr merge local:BRANCH-NAME
local:BRANCH-NAME is redirected to bzr://hostname.local:4155/path/to/branch
...
All changes applied successfully.
$
If you want to get a list of all advertised branches on the network, the “bzr browse” command will print out a list of branch names and the URLs they translate to.
I believe using these tools together should offer a low enough overhead for direct sharing of branches at sprints that people would actually bother using it. It should be quite useful at the next sprint I go to.
This Post Has 5 Comments
1. Stuart Colville
This is such a brilliant way of taking full advantage of de-centralisation and perfect for sharing branches between localised teams. The only downside is that Avahi is Linux only and a cross platform solution would be even better!
2. Mathieu Cadet
Woa! Just tested it. That’s really awesome. Great job here!
This should be included by default in bazaar.
3. James Henstridge
Stuart: Avahi is not Linux only, but I catch your meaning: this isn’t going to work with the mDNS responder on MacOS X, and Avahi has not been ported to Windows.
As there is no standard mDNS API for Python, I programmed to the API of the responder I could test things on. I am sure that the ideas from my plugin could be used to write a similar plugin for Apple’s Bonjour client library, but I am not sure how much code it would share (bzr-avahi is almost entirely glue code).
4. Antono Vasiljev
Awesome idea! I’ll try to make something similar for git.
5. Stuart Metcalfe
This is an great use of Zeroconf – well done! It’s worth noting that Apple’s mDNS responder has both Mac OSX and Windows versions which share a common API.
Comments are closed. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gravitation (Kent song)
"Gravitation" is a song by Swedish alternative rock band Kent. It was released in September 1996 as the third single from the album Verkligen. It includes the two b-sides, "Verkligen" and "Livrädd med stil", which were produced and recorded by Kent and Heikki Kiviaho.
The music video of the song won the 1997 Swedish Grammy Awards in the "Music video of the year" category. | WIKI |
Sean Nicholas Savage
Sean Nicholas Savage is a Canadian musician, singer, songwriter, and musical playwright. He has been described by Emilie Friedlander in an article for The Fader as "a singer-songwriter, madcap philosopher, and all-around scene-pillar in the particular freak-flag-flying sector of the Canadian music community. He is known for his prolific output, poetic lyrics and varied musical style.
Sean Nicholas Savage has released exclusively on Arbutus Records, and was one of the first artists to join the label after its inception in 2009. Savage has had a number of notable collaborations, including a production and vocal credit on Solange's number-one album on the Billboard 200 in the United States.
Musical plays
* Please Thrill Me Montreal, Canada, February 17th – March 1st (2020)
* The Fear Berlin, Germany, August 24 (2022)
* The Fear Los Angeles, USA, October 30 (2022)
Discography
* Summer 5000 (2008) CD
* Spread Free Like A Butterfly (2009) Vinyl
* Movin Up in Society (2010) Cassette
* Mutual Feelings of Respect And Admiration (2010) Vinyl
* Tripple Midnight Karma (2011) Cassette
* Won Ton Jaz (2011) Cassette
* Flamingo (2011) Cassette
* Other Life (2013) Vinyl, CD
* Bermuda Waterfall (2014) Vinyl, CD
* Other Death (2015) Vinyl, CD
* Magnificent Fist (2016) Cassette
* Yummycoma (2017) Cassette
* Screamo (2018) Cassette
* Life Is Crazy (2020) Vinyl, CD
* Shine (2022) Vinyl
Collaborations
In 2017, Savage was credited a featured artist on Kirin J. Callinan's song ' ''My Moment feat. Sean Nicholas Savage ' from the 2017 album 'Bravado'' '. | WIKI |
Clarify Medical CEO Jim Sweeney Steps Down
--Board Member Rex Bright Assumes Interim CEO Role--
SAN DIEGO--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- San Diego-based Clarify Medical, the developer and marketer of Clarify Medical™ Home Light Therapy System, announced today that its CEO Jim Sweeney has resigned for health reasons. Rex Bright, a current Board member of Clarify Medical, has agreed to serve as interim President and CEO until the company is prepared to announce a permanent Chief Executive appointment.
Executive Chairman David Hale said, “Under Jim’s leadership, the Company has made significant strides, including the development, FDA clearance and commercial launch of the Clarify Medical™ Home Light Therapy system for the treatment of psoriasis, vitiligo and other skin conditions. We appreciate his contributions to the development of the Company and wish him the best success and health in the future.”
“Rex Bright is an ideal person to assume the interim role,” said Hale. “Rex’s background includes over 20 years as a CEO with a focus on dermatology. He led Johnson & Johnson’s dermatology division, served as president of Allergan Skincare and recently co-founded and served as President & CEO of SkinMedica, Inc., which was acquired by Allergan in 2012.”
“As a Clarify board member, I have seen the significant progress of the Company, the strong management team and the clinical results of the Home Light Therapy System in the treatment of patients with psoriasis and vitiligo,” commented Rex Bright. “I look forward to finalizing our Series 3 investment, recruiting a permanent CEO and working with the Clarify team, to move forward with the successful commercialization of the Home Light Therapy System.”
Clarify Medical is a private San Diego-based medical device company focused on developing innovative technology, products and services that improve care for people with chronic skin conditions. Its Clarify Home Light Therapy System is now available nationally in the US. Learn more at www.clarifymed.com .
View source version on businesswire.com : http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180130006486/en/
for Clarify Medical
Paul Williams, 310-569-0023
paul@medialinecommunications.com
Source: Clarify Medical | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Remote Network Access: Understanding Remote Network Access Protocols & Types
1,014
Remote Network Access
Image Credit: oonal / Getty Images Signature
Today, businesses are faced with use cases that require accessing resources like servers, files, and applications over a network. IT professionals find remote network access useful in managing servers and components without visiting the data center physically, while employees can use this ability to access business files from the comfort of their homes.
The ability which is gaining increasing popularity these days is called remote network access. In this post, we discuss what exactly remote access is, the common types of remote access, and some of the popular remote network access protocols.
What is Remote Network Access?
Remote Network Access means allowing others to access resources over a network even if they are not connected directly to the system. These resources can be anything from files, applications, and devices to desktops and servers. The network can be either LAN or even a WAN like the internet.
The ability to access a network remotely makes it possible for people to use resources from any location, anywhere across the globe. Remote access networks have also expanded their scope to different forms of remote work and processes across locations. With the use of remote network access, employees can work efficiently even when away from the office premises.
Whenever you work with remote network access, one or more remote network access protocols come into play. We talk about some of these protocols.
Remote Network Access Protocols
Protocols for remote access are a set of rules defining how data should get transmitted between devices – the client requesting remote access and the host providing the access.
There are many remote access protocols available. Here are the most common ones:
Internet Protocol Security (IPSec)
It refers to a set of security protocols governing data transmission over public networks like the internet. It supports various functions like data integrity, encryption, and authentication. This protocol is generally used with VPN tunneling protocols like L2TP, whereby it provides security to the VPN connection for remote access.
IPSec is extremely secure if set up correctly but can be difficult to configure. Before rolling out a solution with the IPSec protocol, make sure you test the interoperability with the existing solutions you want to use it with.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
A protocol for direct communications, PPP is used for dial-up or leased lines. It can work over a wide range of communication media like cellular networks, serial cables, phone lines, ISDN, fiber optic lines, etc.
PPP can be used to establish communication between two systems located at different places. Internet service providers can use it as a way to transmit data packets between two modems.
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)
This remote network access protocol is based on the point-to-point protocol that is used for VPNs. However, as it doesn’t support authentication or encryption, it is not suitable for every type of business.
Though some businesses use PPTP for its compatibility and speed, it is advisable to choose other options.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
This is an old protocol developed for UNIX but is still used widely today. SLIP can be used to transmit TCP/IP over serial connections, but it lacks advanced capabilities like error checking and packet addressing. This is why it has gone obsolete and been replaced by other protocols.
Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
L2TP is a remote access protocol used for VPNs, just like PPTP. It is somewhat more secure compared to PPTP as it encrypts the control data.
However, as it does not encrypt the content, it is used with IPSec for the required security. The remote access connections established through L2TP/IPSec are quite secure, which means this protocol is a good choice if you want remote device access.
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Finally, RDP is a remote access protocol that lets users interact with a Windows system from any remote location. It is generally used by remote workers to access files and applications in their offices.
It can also be used by tech support teams to resolve device problems from remote locations. The protocol supports a variety of features that allow remote users to interact with systems as if they are in the same location.
You can even use it for multiple displays, content copying between two locations, and printing on local printers, among other tasks.
Types of Remote Network Access
There are three different types of remote network access most commonly used. These are – remote access to applications, remote access to files, and remote access to desktops.
However, there are remote access solutions supporting all three, and some of these focus on only a specific use case. Let us talk about these types of remote network access in detail.
Remote Access to Desktops
When talking about remote access, a desktop refers to any operating system running on a machine location away from the user accessing it.
For example, an individual in Paris might be trying to access a Windows system in London. With remote access, he should be able to interact with the desktop as if it was running locally.
To remotely access a desktop on a different network, you can either use Windows RDP protocol or go with one of the third-party solutions that provide this functionality. These services add to the cost, so it is advisable to pay attention to the price when deciding on a solution to access a remote desktop.
Remote Access to Applications
This is quite similar to remote access to desktops, but here, the user accesses only a particular application and not the entire desktop.
The user need not go to a remote desktop to use an application, say Excel running on it. Instead, he launches the browser or client software and opens remotely running Excel right from there.
For this type of remote access, you can use the same solutions that allow access to remote desktops. In most cases, you need to configure the solutions to display applications instead of desktops.
Remote Access to Files
Not every business requires giving users access to remote applications or desktops. In some cases, you want your users to access business files. For such use cases, there is no need to use RDP or other solutions but get a VPN solution instead.
Virtual Private Networks allow you to provide users with remote network access to files via a secure connection, even if it is done through the internet. This is because most VPNs have built-in encryption to prevent any interception of data sent over them.
Remote Network Access: In Summary
For the majority of businesses and individuals, remote work is no longer a foreign concept. Employers and enterprises must, however, safeguard their employment due to the increasing expansion of remote working tools and chances.
One can no longer rely on conventional network security methods for their teams and enterprises when there is scattered access to the network.
If you don’t take the necessary precautions when it comes to remote operations, it could completely disrupt the access, causing all kinds of problems. Remote access is undoubtedly convenient, but users should have a better overall experience if they are aware of the best tools and solutions.
Securing remote access can be overwhelming, but doing it little by little should assist to guarantee a calm workplace. You will continually discover new ways to make the process easier as the demand for remote work increases.
The best course of action is to continually look into more unusual options for securing remote access while maintaining simplicity and convenience.
You might also like | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Advice to young ladies on their duties and conduct in life - Arthur - 1849.djvu/58
50 after taking a good hearty cry to herself, she went to work, and, after two or three days of steady application, got the carpets made and tacked down. It is not to be denied that some of the figures were a long ways from matching, and that a number of rough places in the seams attested the young lady’s want of skill in such matters. But the work was done, after a fashion, and that was a good deal. The bedsteads were then put up, the furniture arranged, and the young couple took possession of their new home.
But here a new and undreamed-of difficulty arose. A servant could not be had for love nor money. There was not a woman in the village who had any help, unless she were fortunate enough to have a grown-up daughter, a niece, or an unmarried sister living with her.
“What am I to do?” asked the bride in despair, after she fully understood the disabilities with which housekeeping was to be attended. “I can’t cook and do all the work about the house. I never got a meal’s victuals in my life.”
“We can go back to the tavern and continue boarding, I suppose,” said the young husband, uttering what he did with great reluctance; for the accommodations at the stage-house were little better than no accommodations at all. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Mmmaniroy/Archive
12 May 2015
* Suspected sockpuppets
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
Master's userpage is identical to the article Anirban Roy Ron created by the puppet. Master contested the A7 speedy nom of the article. Drm310 (talk) 17:07, 12 May 2015 (UTC)
* Added User:Mmmaniroy as it appears he was the original creator. He deleted the speedy notice and replaced it with the article content left for him - User:Anirban Roy Ron II appears to have re-created it after the first speedy delete. User:Mmmaniroy also edited the userpage of the master, left a WikiLove message on the master's talk page , and contested the second speedy nom of the article . --Drm310 (talk) 17:32, 12 May 2015 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* All are blocked and tagged. Closing the case. Vanjagenije (talk) 18:27, 15 May 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Paid Notice: Deaths MAYER, EDWARD F.
MAYER-Edward F., 92. Died Tuesday at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. He was born in Brooklyn, New York on October 1, 1907, son of Frederick and Frieda (Pless) Mayer. He graduated City College of New York and was a Budget Analyst for Exxon Corporation for forty years. After retirement from Exxon Corporation, he was Director of Development for CW Post College in Brookville, New York. Survivors include his wife of 53 years, Jean B. (Wilson) Mayer, of Lebanon; a sister, Gladys Quist of Holiday, FL.; two daughters, Carol Keeney, of Hampden, MA., and Deborah Buehler of Tewksbury, MA; ten grandchildren and six great grandchildren. He was pre-deceased by a brother, Harold Mayer, a son, Russell A. Mayer and a daughter Patricia J. Amatuccio Mr. Mayer was founder and President of the Parents and Friends Association at CW Post College and a member of Kappa Delta Rho fraternity. He was a member of the Commonwealth-Greenpoint Lodge # | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Marigold (Dave Grohl song)
"Marigold" (originally titled "Color Pictures of a Marigold") is a song written and composed by American rock musician Dave Grohl, that was first released on Pocketwatch, an album Grohl issued under the pseudonym Late! in 1992.
A version was recorded and released in 1993 by Nirvana as a B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. A live version was later featured on the Foo Fighters' release Skin and Bones in 2006, garnering "Marigold" the distinction of being the only song released by both Nirvana and Foo Fighters, Grohl's two most distinguished bands.
Pocketwatch
"Marigold" was originally recorded by Dave Grohl during a session at Upland Studios in Arlington, Virginia with producer Barrett Jones on February 16, 1991, taking place a number of months after Grohl joined Nirvana. The session was executed in a similar way to how the Foo Fighters' debut album would later be conceived, with all vocal and instrumental parts done solely by Grohl. With Late! as the moniker, the session was combined with four songs recorded in the summer of 1991 to create the album Pocketwatch, released on Simple Machines in 1992 as part of the label's Tool Cassette Series. The song is listed in the liner notes under its original title, "Color Pictures of a Marigold," and is one of just two songs on the album to feature only vocals and guitar.
Nirvana
In February 1993, Grohl entered Pachyderm Studios in Cannon Falls, Minnesota with bandmates Kurt Cobain and Krist Novoselic, to record what would eventually become In Utero, the third and final studio album from Nirvana, produced by Steve Albini. Towards the end of the session, Grohl decided to re-record "Marigold," this time with a more detailed arrangement including bass and drums. Like the Late! version, lead and backing vocals and guitar were done by Grohl, who also recorded the drum parts. Although Novoselic contributed bass, Cobain did not play on the released version. There were, however, versions of the song that Cobain did play on - these remain unreleased. The song did not make the final album, but would see limited release in August 1993 as a B-side, along with "Milk It", to "Heart-Shaped Box", the first single from In Utero (Grohl is credited for playing drums and singing lead vocal on "Marigold", but not guitar or backing vocal). The song would later appear on the third disc of the posthumous rarities box set With the Lights Out in 2004 and on 20th anniversary editions of the In Utero album in 2013. The song received some airplay on US alternative and active rock radio in 1996,
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
* after it appeared on the import release of Nirvana's European Singles box set as the B-side to the "Heart-Shaped Box" single. KROQ Music Director Lisa Worden, introduced “Marigold” to the radio waves after discovering the B-side on the single in the import box set. The song was then picked up by alternative radio stations in New York, Chicago, and Atlanta. Despite the spontaneous success of the song, Geffen Records and Grohl refused to capitalize on it and made it known that copies of the song would not be sent out to radio stations to promote airplay.
Foo Fighters
"Marigold" was performed live for the first time by Grohl during the Foo Fighters set at the Berkeley Community Theatre on July 14, 2006, and would be played throughout the rest of the tour. A performance the following month at Pantages Theatre in Hollywood, California, featuring the song with an eight piece band, was released on the live album Skin and Bones on November 7, 2006. This version, recorded over twelve years after the previous Nirvana version, garnered further recognition of the song. "Marigold" would be the third song taken from Pocketwatch to be re-recorded and released by the Foo Fighters, along with "Winnebago" and "Friend of a Friend".
Releases and personnel
The following is a list of the only official releases to feature the song "Marigold" and the personnel that contributed to them. | WIKI |
Marshal (university)
A Marshal in a Sri Lankan University is an official tasked with maintaining discipline within the university premises. The role played by Marshals is similar to that of campus police, however they are not law enforcement officials. They intervene in instances of misconduct and breakdown of law and order and report the incident to the police. Each university has a Chief Marshal heading its marshals with the assistance of a Deputy Chief Marshal. The appointment of Marshals are done by the University Act.
History
The units of Marshals were formed in the campuses of the University of Ceylon and thereafter continued in the University of Sri Lanka. They were units responsible for maintaining student discipline on instructions of the vice-chancellor and the senior faculty and providing security for university students and property. They did not carry firearms and law enforcement within the university was provided by the police.
After the University of Ceylon was dissolved, its former campuses became independent universities and maintained the Marshals units. These were dropped in the 1980s and replaced by private security guards who did not have the authority to maintain student discipline. Subsequently, clashes between student groups and ragging resulting in student deaths were blamed on the lack of disciplinary or actual control applied by the security guards. In recent years units of Marshals were re-instituted in several universities.
Universities with Marshals
* University of Ceylon (dissolved in 1972 to establish the University of Sri Lanka.)
* University of Sri Lanka (dissolved in 1978)
* University of Colombo (Western Province)
* University of Peradeniya (Central Province)
* University of Sri Jayewardenepura (Western Province)
* University of Kelaniya (Western Province)
* University of Moratuwa (Western Province)
* University of Jaffna (Northern Province)
* University of Ruhuna (Southern Province)
* Eastern University, Sri Lanka (Eastern Province)
* Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (North Central Province)
Ranks
* Chief Marshal
* Deputy Chief Marshal
* Marshal (Grade I)
* Marshal (Grade II)
Uniform
Marshal's wear a dark blue uniform with a peak cap in the style of police uniforms. Ex-police and military personnel wear medal ribbons. | WIKI |
Egypt–South Sudan relations
The Arab Republic of Egypt and the Republic of South Sudan established relations in 2011.
History
Egypt recognised South Sudan on 9 July 2011, making it the second country to do so. In addition, Prime Minister Essam Sharaf made his first foreign visit to Khartoum and Juba in the lead-up to the country's secession.
Following an outbreak of violence in South Sudan, Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy stated that over the past few days Egypt "had paid close attention to the developments of the crisis in South Sudan, its security and humanity situation, valuing the stability of fraternal South Sudan and the strategic relations between both countries on governmental and non-governmental levels". He also added that a special envoy will be sent to South Sudan on an urgent diplomatic mission to ease talks and reassure their South Sudanese counterparts that Egypt would help them overcome the crisis. The delegation later arrived on December 27 led by Deputy Minister for African Affairs Hamdi Sanad Loza and met with South Sudan's President Salva Kiir announcing that Egypt "will support all regional efforts aimed at reaching a quick solution to the current crisis and has full confidence that all parties want to contain the crisis before it escalates". In addition, Egyptian Defense Minister Abdel Fattah el-Sisi dispatched a military aircraft that took off from an airbase on Friday morning in Egypt carrying humanitarian aid to South Sudan which was described by Loza as "a small contribution to help overcome the emergency humanitarian crisis the people of South Sudan are going through". The shipment contained urgent aid consisting of eight tonnes of food and medical supplies aimed at helping its people amid the current humanitarian crisis.
In November 2020, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi visited South Sudan, making him the first President of Egypt to do so. | WIKI |
Category:International Federation of Societies for Microscopy
* International Federation of Societies for Microscopy — International federation of microscopical societies. | WIKI |
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Chromosomal architecture changes upon cell differentiation
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Background
The recently developed Hi-C method provides a comprehensive whole-genome picture of physical contacts between distal loci. Analysis of these data has begun to reveal determinants of 3D genomic organization. However, the similarities and differences in chromosomal organization between cell-types remain unexplored.
Materials and methods
To analyze chromosomal architecture between cell types, it is crucial to have a consistent way of analyzing Hi-C data and removal of experimental biases. To this end we developed a comprehensive method of Iterative Correction and Eigenvector decomposition (ICE)2. ICE maps Hi-C reads to the genome, filters mapped reads and obtains a Hi-C map of relative contact probabilities free of experimental biases. It then decomposes the maps into a set of genomic tracks characterizing high-order chromatin organization.
Results
Using ICE, we analyze Hi-C data3 from human embryonic stem cells, and IMR90 lung fibroblast cells. We focus our analysis on the compartment profile, which has been shown to partition the genome into transcribed gene-rich regions, enriched in active chromatin marks (“active” regions), and “inactive” gene-poor regions. First, we show that ES cells have a gradual transition between “active” and “inactive” chromatin interaction preferences, as demonstrated by a broad unimodal distribution of values of the compartment profile. In contrast, differentiated IMR90 cells show one inactive chromatin state and a range of states at the active end. Second, we find that chromatin interactions in embryonic cells are best described by GC content of a genomic region. Conversely, for the differentiated cell line IMR90, transcription data (CAGE) is a much better predictor of chromatin interaction preferences than sequence-derived features. Lastly, we analyze changes in chromatin interactions upon differentiation, and find that regions which belonged to an active compartment in ES cells often switch to inactive compartment in IMR90, while the opposite rarely happens.
Conclusions
Taken together, our results show that genome-wide chromatin interactions change upon differentiation of ES cells into IMR90, and suggest that sequence-dependent chromatin interactions in embryonic stem cells get overridden in a cell-type-specific manner. We show that upon differentiation regions change from an active to an inactive compartment, suggesting that change in chromatin interactions reflects cell-type-specific silencing of genomic regions.
References
1. 1.
Lieberman-Aiden E, van Berkum NL, Williams L, Imakaev M, Ragoczy T, Telling A, Dekker J, et al: Comprehensive mapping of long-range interactions reveals folding principles of the human genome. Science. 2009, 326 (5950): 289-293. 10.1126/science.1181369.
2. 2.
Imakaev M, Fudenberg G, McCord RP, Naumova N, Goloborodko A, Lajoie BR, Mirny LA, et al: Iterative correction of Hi-C data reveals hallmarks of chromosome organization. Nature Methods. 2012, 9 (10): 999-1003. 10.1038/nmeth.2148.
3. 3.
Dixon JR, Selvaraj S, Yue F, Kim A, Li Y, Shen Y, Ren B, et al: Topological domains in mammalian genomes identified by analysis of chromatin interactions. Nature. 2012, 485 (7398): 376-338. 10.1038/nature11082.
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Correspondence to Maxim Imakaev.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Keywords
• Embryonic Stem Cell
• IMR90 Cell
• Chromatin Interaction
• Chromosomal Architecture
• Differentiate Cell Line | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Warning Signs of Diabetes
Diabetes Warning Signs
warning signs of diabetes
Some of the warning signs of diabetes in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are the same. In both Types there is just to much sugar in the bloodstream and not enough being absorbed in the cells of your body. High glucose levels in Type I are due to a lack of insulin because the insulin producing cells have been destroyed.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body's cells become resistant to insulin that is being produced. Type 2 can be cured with diet, exercise and supplements. What is happening is the cells aren't able to get the glucose that they need. And these warning signs of diabetes is your body letting you know that something is wrong. Early Symptoms of Diabetes.
Some of the Warning Signs of Diabetes
• Unable to quench thirst
• Fatigue
• Increased trips to the bathroom
• Dry mouth
• Blurred vision
• Frequent headaches
• Increased appetite
What is the Yearly Cost of Diabetes
Diabetes costs our nation more than the conflicts in Iraq, Afghanistan, and the global war on terrorism combined- and estimated $174 billion per year.
warning signs of diabetes
What Percentage of Americans Have Diabetes
With over 60 percent of Americans overweight or obese, one million new cases are added a year. If current trends continue, 1 in 3 people born in 2000 and 1 in 2 members of minorities will develop diabetes in their lifetime.
What Causes Diabetes
Today approximately twenty-one million Americans or 7 percent of the population, suffer from diabetes. Overeating, starchy diets, and lack of exercise are the primary causes of diabetes. If you have constantly high blood sugar and insulin levels due to a high-GI diet you may literally wear out your pancreas over time.
What Does Illness Does Diabetes Cause
Diabetes can cause blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, strokes, poor wound healing, infections, blood sugar complications, and amputated limbs is inestimable.
What Can Help With Diabetes
A low Gi diet or low Glycemic diet can help prevent diabetes and it's symptoms. Mainly more fruit and vegetables, whole grains, fiber, pasta and lentils.
Resveratrol Can Help
Resveratrol and other polyphenols can help with sugar being absorbed in the cells of our body, protein and fiber complex carbohydrates help slow the sugar being absorbed in the blood stream.
Resveratrol and Diabetes
What is the relationship between Resveratrol factors and diabetes? Through their action of decreasing insulin resistance, enhancing glucose's ability to enter the cells, and stabilizing weight polyphenols provide a complementary way to attack the disease,
Resveratrol and AGE Proteins
resveratrol and anti aging
Additionally, studies have confirmed that resveratrol and the
polyphenols are potent anti-inflammatories, that they reduce free radicals, and that they inhibit the formation of damaging advanced glycation end products, or AGE proteins.
There is only one Resveratrol product on the market that affects the AGE proteins.
From Warning Signs of Diabetes to Home Page Resveratrol and Anti Aging | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gregorio Barbarigo
Gregorio Giovanni Gaspare Barbarigo (16 September 1625 – 18 June 1697) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal who served as the Bishop of Bergamo and later as the Bishop of Padua. He was a frontrunner in both the 1689 and 1691 papal conclaves as he had distinguished himself for his diplomatic and scholastic service. He became noted as a scholar for his distinguished learning and as an able pastor for his careful attention to pastoral initiatives and frequent parish visitations.
Barbarigo's beatification was celebrated in 1761 under Pope Clement XIII, while Pope John XXIII canonized the late cardinal in 1960; the latter pope held Barbarigo as a great role model and fostered a devotion to him since the pope had hailed from Bergamo. His liturgical feast is on 17 June in the General Roman Calendar of 1960. On the General Roman Calendar of 1969, it is observed on 18 June.
Childhood and education
Gregorio Giovanni Gaspare Barbarigo was born on 16 September 1625 in Venice as the eldest of four children to the nobles Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo (a senator) and Lucrezia Leoni (d. 19 March 1631 - plague). His father brought a cousin - Franchesina Lippomani - to look after the children after the death of his wife. His sister was Elena and his two brothers were Pietro and Antonio. He was a relative of the cardinal Marcantonio Barbarigo and the uncle of Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo. He was also a relation of Cardinal Angelo Barbarigo. His ancestors included the two Venetian doges Marco Barbarigo and Agostino Barbarigo. His father instructed him in philosophical studies and in mathematics while preceptors taught him Latin and Greek; he also received the rudiments of music.
In 1643 he accompanied as secretary the Venetian ambassador Aloise Contarini to Münster for the negotiations to prepare for the Peace of Westphalia which was signed on 24 October 1648. There he became acquainted with Archbishop Fabio Chigi (the future Pope Alexander VII) - the nuncio to Cologne and a participant in the negotiations. He then went to Holland and Flanders and then to Paris. In July 1648 he returned to Venice and continued his studies in Padua.
In 1650 he was elected as a member of the Collegio dei Savi and initiated his political career which he did not find to be good for him. In the winter in 1653 he went to Rome to ask the advice of Cardinal Chigi who recommended that he not retire as a hermit but follow the ecclesiastical career and begin obtaining a doctorate in law.
Priesthood and Bishop of Bergamo
Barbarigo obtained a doctorate in "utroque iure" both canon law and civil law on 25 September 1655 and received his ordination to the priesthood on 21 December 1655 from the Cardinal Patriarch of Venice Gianfrancesco Morosini. He left for Rome in late February 1656 for Chigi - now Pope Alexander VII - initiated him into the papal service. He was named a domestic prelate of His Holiness and on 21 April 1656 was appointed as the Referendary of the Tribunals of the Apostolic Signature of Justice and of Grace. On 9 June 1665 he was given a canonicate in the cathedral chapter of Padua without the requirement of residence and in 1656 - at the request of the pope - he organized the assistance to the Romans in the Trastevere area who had been stricken with the plague. He oversaw the care of the mothers and their children and the funerals of the deceased in this work. He nursed the sick, buried to dead, and comforted those frightened and in mourning.
On 9 July 1657 the pope appointed him as Bishop of Bergamo and he received his episcopal consecration as such on 29 July 1657 from Marcantonio Bragadin. But before he accepted the post he decided to celebrate a Mass to discern the will of God when he felt the concrete call to take on the see during the Mass. Barbarigo took possession of his new episcopal see on 2 September through his procurators Rodolfo Roncalli the archdeacon and the vice-capitular Giovanni Battista Lavezzali while he himself arrived there on 27 March 1658. He inspected each of the 279 parishes of the diocese.
Cardinalate
He was a successful bishop and his fame spread through the ranks so much to the point that his old friend Alexander VII elevated him to the cardinalate on 5 April 1660 at the Quirinale Palace. He was made the Cardinal-Priest of San Tommaso in Parione on 21 June 1660 but later opted to become the Cardinal-Priest of San Marco on 13 September 1677.
In 1664 he was made Bishop of Padua and upon entrance into his new diocese he strove to model himself upon the example of Charles Borromeo. His procurator the Archpriest Galeazzo Mussato took possession of the see on Barbarigo's behalf on 24 April before the cardinal entered the see on 22 June. He was a strong supporter of the work of the Council of Trent. He made the seminaries of Padua and of Bergamo larger and added an archive and printing press in Padua. He celebrated a diocesan synod from 1–3 September 1683 and wrote the "Regulae Studiorum" in 1690 for ecclesial studies. He also visited all 320 parishes in his diocese.
The cardinal soon learned in 1678 that Elena Cornaro Piscopia was pursuing a theological course and he refused this on the basis that she was a woman. But he allowed for her to obtain a philosophical degree which she did.
In his role as a cardinal he participated in his first papal conclave in 1667 and also attended those in 1676 and that of 1689 when he emerged as a potential contender though falling short of the votes needed to become pope. The same was said for 1691 which saw him emerge as a greater threat to other contenders. He did not attend the 1669-70 conclave. The election of Pope Innocent XI in 1676 saw the pope ask Barbarigo to remain in Rome until 1679 as his counselor and entrusted Rome's education to him and the reunification of the Eastern Churches. One of his episcopal acts was to consecrate as a bishop Niels Stensen on 19 September 1677 and he also ordained the convert Thomas Nicholson a priest in Padua.
In the 1689 conclave his candidature received little support from his compatriots with Cardinal Flavio Chigi not supporting his candidature. Cardinal Francesco Maria de' Medici had put his name forth as per an elaborate ruse with the intent of never having Barbarigo elected. Medici's aim was to indeed have a Venetian elected but decided to settle on Pietro Vito Ottoboni who was elected as Pope Alexander VIII. But the 1691 conclave shifted Barbarigo's status as a potential contender for he gained greater ground and almost succeeded in becoming pope. Cardinal d'Estrées included him in his list of potential candidates in light of the impending death of Alexander VIII while Cardinal Leandro Colloredo decided to throw his support behind Barbarigo. Even Chigi - who had blocked his candidature back in 1689 - thought well to advocate Barbarigo's name. But the French were not all that enthralled with Barbarigo since he was considered a leading 'creature' of Alexander VII who had not been too lenient with the French. Cardinals Pietro Ottoboni and Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri were opposed to his candidature and in the end was elected Antonio Pignatelli as Pope Innocent XII.
Cardinal Barbarigo fostered catechetical instruction and he travelled to each village in his diocese in order to teach and to preach to the people. His compassion to the poor was well known for he gave his household goods and his clothes to the poor for their comfort. He even sold his bed on one occasion to help them.
Barbarigo died after a brief illness on 18 June 1697 in Padua where he was interred in the diocesan cathedral.
Veneration
Bishop Barbarigo was distinguished by his piety and heroic patience and miracles quickly bore witness to his sanctity. His holiness was observed in his life enough to the point that the faithful started to press the competent ecclesial authorities to launch the process for sainthood with the informative phase of the investigation ending on 11 July 1716; the formal introduction to the cause came under Pope Innocent XIII on 3 July 1723.
His remains were exhumed on 25 May 1725 and allegedly found to be incorrupt with his nephew Bishop Giovanni Francesco Barbarigo leading the exhumation initiative. However, the report of the examining physicians was actually equivocal. While medical professionalism prevented them form saying the body was incorrupt, popular opinion and ecclesiastical expectations were otherwise. The report stated that the condition of the body was "wondrous" which fell short of miraculous, a distinction largely lost upon those interested. Pope Benedict XIV beatified Barbarigo on 20 September 1751. The future Pope John XXIII, while still only a priest, signed a petition in 1911 addressed to Pope Pius X requesting Barbarigo's cause go forward for the late cardinal to become a saint; Pius X did so on 28 February 1912 when he issued the decree to resume the cause.
John XXIII is said to have felt a close kinship with the late cardinal and was also said to have manifested a lifelong devotion to him and his work as a model and so included him in the General Roman Calendar of 1960 while assigning 17 June as the liturgical feast since 18 June was assigned to another. But the 1969 revision to the calendar saw the removal of his name which left his feast to a celebration in local calendars. His liturgical feast remains affixed at present to 18 June.
The Church of San Gregorio Barbarigo alle Tre Fontane in Rome is dedicated to him. | WIKI |
@article {Mart{\'\i}nez-Ezquerro215798, author = {Mart{\'\i}nez-Ezquerro, Jos{\'e} Dar{\'\i}o and Rend{\'o}n-Mac{\'\i}as, Mario Enrique and Zamora-Mendoza, Gerardo and Serrano-Meneses, Jacobo and Rosales-Rodr{\'\i}guez, Beatriz and Escalante-Bautista, Deyanira and Rodr{\'\i}guez-Cruz, Maricela and Gonz{\'a}lez, Ra{\'u}l S{\'a}nchez and Arellano-Pineda, Yessica and L{\'o}pez-Alarc{\'o}n, Mardia and Zampedri, Mar{\'\i}a Cecilia and Rosas-Vargas, Hayde{\'e}}, title = {Association between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met polymorphism and overweight/obesity in Mexican pediatric population}, elocation-id = {215798}, year = {2018}, doi = {10.1101/215798}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {Background The functional brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) rs6265 (G196A; Val66Met) single nucleotide polymorphism has been associated with eating disorders, BMI and obesity in distinct populations, both adult and pediatric, with contradictory results involving either Val or Met as the risk variant.Aim of the study To determine the association between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and BMI in Mexican children and adolescents.Methods BDNF Val66Met genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism and nutritional status characterized by their BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) from pediatric volunteers recruited in Mexico City (n=498) were analyzed by Fisher{\textquoteright}s exact test association analysis. Standardized residuals (R) were used to determine which genotype/allele had the major influence on the significant Fisher{\textquoteright}s exact test statistic. Odds ratios were analyzed to measure the magnitude and direction of the association between genotype and normal weight (>= -2 SD \< +1 SD) and overweight (>= +1 SD, including obesity, Ow+Ob) status with 95\% confidence intervals to estimate the precision of the effect as well as 95\% credible intervals to obtain the most probable estimate.Results Comparisons between GG (Val/Val), GA (Val/Met) and AA (Met/Met) genotypes or Met homozygotes vs. Val carriers (combination of GG and GA genotypes) showed significant differences (p=0.034 and p=0.037, respectively) between normal weight and the combined overweight and obese pediatric subjects. Our data showed that children/adolescents homozygous for the A allele have increased risk of overweight compared to the Val carriers (Bayes OR= 4.2, 95\% CI**[1.09-33.1]).Conclusion This is the first study showing the significant association between the BDNF rs6265 AA (Met/Met) genotype and overweight/obesity in Mexican pediatric population. Mexico has one of the highest pediatric overweight and obesity prevalenceBDNF has been associated with body weight regulation.The BDNF rs6265 SNP (G196A; Val66Met) has been associated with eating disorders, BMI and obesity, with contradictory results in both adults and children.We found significant associations between BDNF Val66Met AA (Met/) genotype and overweight/obesity in Mexican pediatric populationMet homozygote children/adolescents increased four times the risk of being classified in the overweight group (Ow+Ob) relative to Val carriers AbbreviationsBDNFbrain-derived neurotrophic factorWHOWorld Health OrganizationCNScentral nervous systemRFLPrestriction fragment length polymorphismSNPsingle nucleotide polymorphismBAZBMI-for-age z-scoreSDstandard deviationOwoverweightObobesityORodds ratioCIconfidence intervalCI**credible interval}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/21/215798}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/02/21/215798.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} } | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Cry of the Owl
The Cry of the Owl is a psychological thriller novel by Patricia Highsmith, the eighth of her 22 novels. It was first published in the US in 1962 by Harper & Row and in the UK by Heinemann the following year. It explores, in the phrase of critic Brigid Brophy, "the psychology of the self-selected victim".
Composition
Highsmith wrote The Cry of the Owl between April 1961 and February 1962. She considered it to be one of her weaker efforts, calling its principal character "rather square ... a polite sitting duck for more evil characters, and a passive bore".
Highsmith drew on her own experience as a stalker; years before, when employed by a New York City store, she became obsessed with a woman she had waited on. She adapted these events for her novel The Price of Salt (1952).
The setting for this book is much like the area where Highsmith was currently living in New Hope, Pennsylvania.
The title refers to Jenny's belief that foreboding incidents precede events in her life, which are determined by fate. She considers the owl a harbinger of death. She also believes that, just as years ago an unknown man appeared in her family's house before her younger brother's death, so Robert's appearance foretells a death.
Highsmith ended her relationship with Marijane Meaker about the time she started work on this novel, in April 1961. Meaker told an interviewer that Highsmith modeled the character of Nickie after her as an act of "retaliation".
The novel is dedicated only to "D.W.", an apparent reference to Daisy Winston, Highsmith's former lover and neighbor in New Hope.
Plot summary
Following a painful divorce from his wife Nickie, Robert Forester leaves New York and moves to small-town Langley, Pennsylvania, where he develops an obsession for 23-year-old Jenny Thierolf. He spies on her through her kitchen window, enjoying "the girl's placid temperament, her obvious affection for her rather ramshackle house, her contentment with her life". He is surprised when she invites him into her house after spotting him one night. Each seems to represent something more for the other than it appears, to embody a larger emotional force than a mere personality. Robert explains to his therapist: "'I have the definite feeling if everybody in the world didn't keep watching to see what everybody else did, we'd all go berserk. Left on their own, people wouldn't know how to live.'"
Jenny sees their chance meeting as an act of fate and breaks off her engagement to hot-tempered Greg Wyncoop, who is resentful and begins spying on the pair; he plans to learn more about Robert so as to find a way to get even with him. Greg picks up information from Nickie as well, and she encourages him to find a way to punish her ex-husband. During the next weeks, Jenny pursues Robert, contacting him at his home and at his job at Langley Aeronautics. Robert is offered a promotion at work that requires him to relocate to another city, and he hopes this will put an end to Jenny's advances, which are making him increasingly uneasy.
One night, on a road, Greg starts a fight with Robert that ends when Robert knocks Greg unconscious and leaves him on a river bank. When Greg is reported missing, the police suspect Robert has murdered him, though Robert in fact was the victim of Greg's attack and had last seen Greg alive. The police feel that their suspicions about Robert are confirmed when Nickie tells them that he once threatened her with a weapon. After a newspaper publishes an article about the case, Robert's promotion is withdrawn. A badly decomposed body is found in the river and the police think it is Greg's, but identification proves difficult. Jenny comes to believe that Robert has murdered her former fiancé and, in spite of loving him, accepts that he represents death and that it is preordained that she should die; she commits suicide.
Nickie's new husband Ralph Jurgen informs Robert that Greg is alive, that Greg and Nickie have staged Greg's disappearance in order to frame Robert. Greg then begins stalking Robert at his home and taking shots at him. One of the bullets eventually hits Robert; the police do not seem to believe that Greg is alive and Robert's neighbors condemn him for 'leading a young girl astray' and 'leading her to her death'. The doctor who tends to him invites him to stay at his home to recover. There, Greg fires a shot which wounds the doctor, eventually resulting in the man's death.
The police finally see the truth and arrest Greg, but release him on bail. He goes to see Nickie and together they go to Robert's home, which he is about to leave for good, and a final confrontation occurs. Greg tries to knife Robert but instead kills Nickie. Robert will again be front and center in a death investigation.
Reception
In the New York Times, Thomas Lask wrote that "Miss Highsmith starts in low gear and the first fourth of the book marks time as she goes through some preliminary passes. Her characters are only puppets. But once it starts rolling the tale accelerates rapidly, dangers and suspense pile up and the reader goes along very willingly to the conclusion. And a gory one it is, too."
In 1967, British writer and critic Brigid Brophy stated that, of the novels written in the last twenty years, five or six stood out, including Highsmith's The Cry of the Owl and Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita.
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
Highsmith's novel was the premise for the French film Le Cri du hibou (1987) directed by Claude Chabrol and starring Mathilda May.
Also in 1987, German writer-director Tom Toelle directed an adaption for West German television titled Der Schrei der Eule.
A third film adaptation written and directed by Jamie Thraves and starring Julia Stiles and Paddy Considine was released in 2009.
German director Wim Wenders sought to buy the rights for a screen adaption in the 1970s, but finding the rights unavailable chose to make Highsmith's Ripley's Game into the film Der Amerikanische Freund.
A 4-part radio dramatisation was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 in 2002. Adapted by Shaun McKenna it starred Joanne McQinn, John Sharian and Adrian Lester. | WIKI |
Sofia Fölster
Sofia Catharina Margarita Fölster (born 17 December 1991) is a Swedish politician for the Moderate Party, and member of the Riksdag from 2014 to 2018. She was the first vice president of the Moderate Party youth group (MUF) from 2016 to 2018. Her father is author Stefan Fölster. | WIKI |
CES 2017: It Isn't About the Gadgets
One of the most enduring views of CES happens to be one of the first things anyone sees there. You squeeze through the crowds of businessmen, hangers-on, and professional conference-goers, and push through the doors of the Las Vegas Convention Center. You walk down the hallway that's somehow already filthy, even though the show started just 16 seconds ago, and you look to your right. You can't help it: It's impossible to not notice LG's preposterous array of 112 TVs that covers the walls and ceiling just outside its hangar-sized booth. Each high-def set moves and changes and glows bright enough to send your retinas running out the back of your head. There's no particular point to the setup, except LG wants to blow your freaking mind with technology. Every year, every resolution bump and color-spectrum upgrade, it does just that. What really happens in Vegas is that, if you stand back just far enough and squint your eyes a little, you can get a sense of what's on the mind of the tech industry. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Vegetarianism/Archive 18
Etymology
May I quote the earliest know use of the word 'vegetarian' in this section although the original meaning may not strictly be etymology? Let me apologise in advance if the following reference has been discussed before. Edouard Albert (talk) 21:50, 15 August 2013 (UTC)
* No comments were made. After a few days I decided to move forward. Again, let me apologise if this contribution doesn't fit in this section or if it is written in poor English. Feel free to correct. Edouard Albert (talk) 08:49, 23 August 2013 (UTC)
Etymology or Varieties of vegetarianism?
"The original meaning of 'a vegetarian' at Alcott House was someone following an entirely plant food diet." is a quotation from the International Vegetarian Union's history section again. For a vegan like me, it sounds like a very interesting thing, but I may be too subjective. I'm also hesitating about the section this information should go to... Can anyone discuss this with me please? Edouard Albert (talk) 18:20, 29 August 2013 (UTC)
* For what it's worth, I always refer to the Oxford English Dictionary in such cases. Here's the entry for "vegetarian":
Pronunciation: Brit. /ˌvɛdʒᵻˈtɛːrɪən/, U.S. /ˌvɛdʒəˈtɛriən/ Etymology: Irregularly < veget- (vegetable n.) + -arian suffix. Compare German Vegetarianer, noun (1853), Vegetarier, noun (1852), French végétarien (1875 as noun, 1878 or earlier as adjective). The general use of the word appears to have been largely due to the formation of the Vegetarian Society at Ramsgate in 1847.
* Bob98133 (talk) 18:51, 29 August 2013 (UTC)
Thank you very much Bob. Doesn't the OED say that the 'vegetarian' word dates from 1839 anymore? changing subjects: I believe the OED may have made a mistake about the introduction of the word in the French language. Much earlier uses of 'végétarien' in print have been found such as 'Journal des connaissances médico-chirurgicales' in 1851. Do you think OED should be the only reference? Thank you again for your reply. Edouard Albert (talk) 19:16, 29 August 2013 (UTC)
Definitions of vegetarianism
I saw many discussions are about what is vegetarianism. The definitions are different. It is a fundamental nature of the topic. There were surveys of more than 4500 people from 12 nations about the definitions. Surveys are more neutral source of definition, compare to the agreements of a few people, organizations or 'experts'. If we take democracy seriously, public opinions are the most important. The definitions of a few 'experts', should not override the definitions of the public.
Some public opinion of the definition found by the surveys are My reference is <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:26, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* many think veganism is part of vegetarianism
* some eat seafood,fish, egg, etc
* In reality, some vegetarians(self-reported) even eat red meat from time to time
Flyer22 assumed, defamed my identify, and does not respect freedom of speech
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:31, 14 September 2013 (UTC) http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vegetarianism&diff=572827056&oldid=572826887 It's unfortunate that some people prefer war over science and academic debate. Flyer22 violates
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_articles
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith
Please see my paragraph below for more information. What I am trying to do is drawing attention to the diversity of the definitions. There isn't enough presentation of the diversity in the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:05, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* First, you were strict about what vegetarianism means (which was settled, and then settled again above without you). That is your IP range I mentioned in the linked discussion of this paragraph. Now you are all about diversity of the definitions? We already mention "the diversity of the definitions" in the lead and lower in the article, with WP:Due weight. However, that text/source about vegetarians in different nations, which has been in the lead long before you WP:Edit warred at this article, fits better in the demographics section (though the part about the consumption of animal products fits better in the part of the lead speaking of how vegetarians' opinions vary on the consumption of animal products). And, no, surveys are not a "more neutral source." And it's not a few people who exclude meat from the definition of vegetarianism. If it were only a few, there would be no such thing as vegetarianism, considering that vegetarianism is mainly about eating no meat at all. When you speak of eating meat in association with vegetarianism, that is more accurately referred to as semi-vegetarianism (and I'm sure you know it), which is already sufficiently covered in this article. Your bullet-point list above? Yes, veganism is a subset of vegetarianism; that is common sense. As for eggs, that is covered in the second paragraph; many or most vegetarians eat eggs. As for fish? Many people don't consider fish to be meat, which is why fish-eating is commonly considered vegetarianism (though authorities on vegetarianism and most WP:Reliable sources on the topic exclude fish, red meat and any other meat from the definition of vegetarianism); this (fish-eating and semi-vegetarianism in general) is mentioned in the final paragraph of the lead and lower in the article. Red meat is considered meat, plain and simple. This edit you made is WP:Undue weight, not to mention WP:Weasel wording. No one has been more about covering the different definitions of vegetarianism than me at this article, but WP:Due weight is important. See the "giving equal validity" part of WP:Neutrality, which is an aspect of WP:Due weight. Being neutral does not mean giving "equal validity" to things that are not on equal footing.
* As for your accusations toward me, wrong. You are the warrior here, who does not understand WP:Due weight (which is about giving proper weight to science and academic debate, among other topics). Per Talk page guidelines, I also moved your sections down, and took my name out of one of the headings.
* Also, remember to sign your username at the end of the comments you make on Wikipedia talk pages. All you have to do to sign your username is simply type four tildes (~), like this: . I signed your posts for you above. Flyer22 (talk) 01:23, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* LOL, assumptions make people look unintelligent. Can you listen warrior? How many times I have to tell you that you assumed and defamed my identity? You said ' Now you are all about diversity', it's not now and then, because it's two different people who have different views. In regards of your comment about IP address and identities, I can tell you don't even understand how IP system works, your comment is very unscientific. Judging by how you respond to different views, you probably have made plenty of enemies on the page. But I can assure you, I am not one of them. STOP connect me with your past dramas, let's talk about science, if you understand what science is. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:47, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* Flyer22， I can tell you have limited experience with serious science, because you don't seem to understand that reference based on scientific approaches, such as numbers and math (see scientific method), carries more weight. The reference of my editing is like that. If this kind of discussions are beyond your ability, please refrain from stopping other editors. Let me make things simple for you, my edit is based on the opinions of 4500 random people from 12 nations. Which parts of the lead are based on the views of more people? Can you answer? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:15, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* Wrong on all accounts. And I still don't believe that I have mistaken you for the previous IP range (who nitpicked at the lead just like you and WP:Edit warred just like you, and happens to have the same first three digits as you). I don't know how the IP system works? Tell that to some of the people (registered Wikipedians or IPs) whose identities I easily connected to past identities that edited this site. As for science, what should or should not go in this article is not a matter of science...except for with regard to health information (per Identifying reliable sources (medicine), simply known as WP:MEDRS). But, and not that I need to validate myself to you, science and math are not subjects that I am lacking in (which is pretty much acknowledged on my user page). And I see that you violated WP:Undue weight again (which was reverted) and WP:TALK again. Okay, I think that I'm done talking with you, as you clearly have trouble communicating without violating WP:No personal attacks and WP:Civil, and because I'm convinced that you are a WP:Troll or someone who can't even begin to understand Wikipedia policies and guidelines. And now that the article is WP:Semi-protected (as seen here), I can forget you all the easier (again). Flyer22 (talk) 02:22, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* What I wrote was factual descriptions of your conducts, if you don't like, don't do it. And thank you for remind me that you are also violating WP:No personal attacks and WP:Civil.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:54, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
* Flyer22 wrote "As for science, what should or should not go in this article is not a matter of science." I like this sentence in particular, because it show how little Flyer22 knows about science. Flyer22, can you go to read this article first and actually try to understand it? Although I knew it may be difficult for you http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science#Mathematics_and_formal_sciences
After that, your comments will be more appreciated. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:16, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
Ownership, censorship of the article and the internal inconsistency of the first paragraph
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:03, 14 September 2013 (UTC) "Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat – red meat, poultry, seafood and the flesh of any other animal; it may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.[2][3][4][5]"
It should change to
"The results of a 2009 International survey found that the common definition of vegetarianism is different in different nations and that vegetarians in some nations consume more animal products than those in other nations.[9] Vegetarianism IS CONSIDERED BY SOME the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat – red meat, poultry, seafood and the flesh of any other animal; it may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.[2][3][4][5]. "
Because citation [2][3][4][5], none of them are academic sources, and other academic sources in the article shows there are no universal agreements of the definitions. But right now only some views are presented, which is major undue
Flyer22, your response is no surprise. I predicted that you won't be able to respond to my academic question of the lead. That is enough to prove you are wrong. What showed up on the page is not important. I am writing for people who can actually think. Feel free to continue your ownership and censorship of this article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:55, 14 September 2013 (UTC)
Biblical passage
Editor Rklawton added a biblical passage to the christianity section. I believe it shouldn't be there not only because it lacks context and biblical passages are known for being vague (and most of the times actually contradicting themselves with other passages), but also because that same passage is already present in the main article Christian_vegetarianism in much more detail and within a context. Because of this I believe it would be better to remove it from Vegetarianism. Regards. Gaba (talk) 22:21, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* Agreed. It made no sense to me. Is it about welcoming new followers? Or dealing with 'weak' people? Is it saying that vegetarians are weak people? It completely baffles me. --Nigelj (talk) 22:33, 24 September 2013 (UTC)
* I hadn't noticed that it was in the main article. Rklawton (talk) 01:09, 25 September 2013 (UTC)
"vegetus"
I removed the "vegetus" bit, traced to some random pdf hosted by the Vegetarian Society. This was mentioned on QI, and apparentls Stephen Fry failed to note the tongue-in-cheek nature of the "claim" (Fry often messes up in matters of etymology (as he does in other matters, but that's beside the point)). The statement is that "vegetarian is derived from Latin vegetus, which means vigorous, lively". This is completely true, but it is not to be read as claiming that "vegetarian" is somehow not derived from "vegetable". It's just a tongue-in-cheek mention of the fact that the word vegetable itself is derived, undisputedly but indirectly and via semantic shifts in medieval Latin and Old French and Middle English, from this Latin adjective. "vegetarian" is still and has always been "vegetable + -arian", they just stumbled across the fact that "vegetable" itself has the etymology of "something that is vigorous". --dab (𒁳) 21:06, 19 February 2014 (UTC)
Clarification on animal byproducts
By animal byproducts, I mean items besides meat, such as leathers, silk, wool, honey, drug hormones derived from animals and other such items. The article could be a little more clear on the general consensus of vegetarian attitudes toward these byproducts.
My understanding is that vegetarians would generally avoid any items that involve animal slaughter — e.g. leathers — but they wouldn't necessarily be opposed to honey, wool or any other such byproducts that arguably don't result in harm to the animal(s) under ideal conditions. Vegans on the other hand seem to be much more strict, avoiding animal byproducts altogether, regardless of whether or not those byproducts are derived from slaughter. In fact, it seems vegans also try to avoid brands that have a reputation for animal labor or testing.
That said, I'm not sure the statement about vegans in the opening section is very accurate:
* "Some vegans also avoid animal products such as leather for clothing and goose-fat for shoe polish."
Only some vegans? I thought this was supposed to be one of the distinctive differences between vegetarians and vegans. The only exception I've personally encountered was a vegan woman who would occasionally buy leather shoes or clothing from thrift stores because she felt it was a more economical approach, and she wouldn't actually be increasing the demand for animal slaughter since the items were purchased from second-hand vendors. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:11, 17 June 2014 (UTC)
* See Talk:Vegetarianism/Archive 17, which documents the most recent discussion, before this one, about animal by-products and vegetarianism. Basically, the thing is: "As many vegetarians are unaware of certain animal-derived products hidden in their foods or do not care if they consume them [as long as they don't think of the animal products as meat], and others are vegetarians not for ethical reasons, it was decided that [... we] should not definitively state that vegetarianism excludes by-products of animal slaughter. We based this on WP:Reliable sources noting that many vegetarians aren't aware of or don't care what type of cheese they eat and on WP:Reliable sources mentioning that some vegetarians (whether one simply wants to call these people self-identified vegetarians or not) do consume by-products of animals slaughter. For example, many vegetarians chew gum, which may have a by-product of animal slaughter in it. And, of course, many vegetarians eat eggs, which may or may not be a result of animal slaughter (though eggs often are not classified as a by-product of animal slaughter). So, no, not all (and perhaps not most) vegetarians generally avoid (or always avoid) any items that involve animal slaughter. As the lead notes, there are different reasons for being vegetarian, even health reasons; in other words, not all vegetarians are vegetarians because of animal ethics (animal rights). As for vegans specifically, see the lead of the Veganism article, which notes that distinctions are sometimes made between types of vegans. A dietary vegan, for example, only avoid animal products when it comes to consumption, but may wear a leather coat. By contrast, an ethical vegan avoids the use of animal products for any purpose. That is why the wording "Some vegans also avoid animal products such as leather for clothing and goose-fat for shoe polish." is more accurate than "Vegans also avoid animal products such as leather for clothing and goose-fat for shoe polish." Flyer22 (talk) 19:54, 17 June 2014 (UTC)
* As for distinguishing vegetarianism and veganism, I think it's always best to keep in mind that veganism is an aspect of vegetarianism, like the Vegetarianism article notes. Flyer22 (talk) 20:26, 17 June 2014 (UTC)
Murky definition
Vegetarian means you just eat plants/don't eat animal products. Vegan is a newer word that means you try to avoid anything to do with animal (ab)use, not just when it comes to food, like wearing leather. You have to prefix vegetarian if you're going to use it and still eat animal products, otherwise you're misusing the word or just being dishonest. The prefixes I know of are lacto/milk, ovo/eggs, meli/honey, porcine/pig, ovis/sheep, bovine/cow, pollo/chicken, and pesco/fish (pescetarian for short). A bit of history on the word: http://iheartar.com/2012/06/07/the-shifting-definition-of-veganism/ Damian Pound (talk) 04:22, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
* Hello, Chinoto1 (Damian Pound). Why did you create this section? As for you stating "Vegetarian means you just eat plants/don't eat animal products.", see the section above. Vegetarianism does include animal products (not all animal products, of course). For example, your "lacto/milk" prefix relates to animal products that vegetarians may consume. And as for veganism, like the Veganism article notes, some people (dietary vegans) follow the vegan diet only; this means that they don't follow the vegan philosophy of avoiding all animal products, such as leather. Flyer22 (talk) 05:28, 17 July 2014 (UTC)
Vegetarian glues?
Some vegetarians object to the content of traditional animal-based glues, and have used plant-based glues, such as sticky rice. Should this be covered here, or elsewhere? I am not an expert on this subject, but I notice that there seems to be no coverage of this in Wikipedia. Reify-tech (talk) 16:18, 8 September 2014 (UTC)
Vegetable diet
I think it would be good and appropriate to mention a diet of vegetebles, fruits and nuts, at the beginning. I'm going through the archives. However the discussion about excluding this diet should be left, mentioned here instead of archived. --Jondel (talk) 00:00, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
* Hello, Jondel. For the lead of the Vegetarianism article, including what vegetarians eat and what vegetarians don't eat have been a problem for editors in the past. For the most relevant discussions on these matters, so that you don't have to search much through the archives, see Talk:Vegetarianism/Archive 16 (which is the latest discussion before this one about including in the lead what vegetarians eat -- vegetables, fruits, etc.) and Talk:Vegetarianism/Archive 17 and Talk:Vegetarianism/Archive 17 (which are the latest discussions that are more about what vegetarians don't eat). As you know, days ago, I reverted you here, with a followup note here, stating, "Keep simple, per past discussions; when we get into adding what vegetarians eat, people want to add nuts, etc., etc. It is mainly about abstaining from meat, similar to how veganism is about abstaining from animal products in general." and "WP:Dummy edit: Furthermore, varieties are addressed in the second paragraph. So if there is a need to mention vegetables, fruits, nuts, and all that other stuff, we can summarize it there."
* As you can see, for some time, editors of the article have been going with a "what vegetarians don't eat" approach for the first paragraph of the lead, which is also what the Veganism article does regarding veganism (strict or very strict vegetarianism). I think that's better than the "what vegetarians eat and don't eat" approach; for example, you added, "consuming mainly or only fruits and vegetables." But there are people who are vegetarians who don't eat fruits and/or vegetables, or who don't actively eat them anyway. For instance, they might get fruit or vegetable intake via other means. I don't see a need to mention the "plant-based diet" aspect for the first paragraph, especially since it's already clarified in the infobox with the picture of vegetables, fruits and dairy; that infobox sentence states: "A vegetarian diet is derived from plants, with or without eggs or dairy." I'm not wholly opposed to including the plant-based diet aspect in the lead, but I don't think we should go into significant detail about it for the lead, and I think that, if we do include it, it should go in the second paragraph that addresses the varieties of vegetarianism. So changing the "There are varieties of the diet as well:" line to "There are varieties of the diet as well, which may or may not be plant-based:" works for me. Flyer22 (talk) 19:53, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
* Long story short: a diet of "vegetables, fruits and nuts" leaves out several foods some vegetarians eat: eggs, milk and dairy products, honey, mushrooms, seaweeds, bacteria, yeast, salt, edible soils and clays, etc. Reliable sources define vegetarianism as a diet of exclusion. As a result, so do we. - Sum mer PhD (talk) 21:30, 23 November 2014 (UTC)
Ok. I guess it's like AAAAAAHH, here we go again. (Some vegies drink milk, some don't, yada yada.)--Jondel (talk) 13:29, 25 November 2014 (UTC)
Vegetarianism and Gender (particularly pregnancy and birth gender)
I looked up the citation and original documents and found that the theory that vegetarian women give birth to more girls than boys has no reliable empirical support. The journal referred to in the cited BBC article has no academically rigorous peer review process, and the study's author does not hold a doctorate. I feel this section should be reworded to better reflect the spuriousness of the cited evidence, given the sources. In favour? --User:Ramapyjama (talk) 21:19, 18 December 2014 (UTC)
* The relevant policy is WP:RS (reliable sourcing), specifically WP:SCHOLARSHIP (which journals count as "reliable"). I agree that this material should be removed, because it comes from a primary source and is not uncontroversial. However, I don't think it's appropriate to reject the journal entirely. Its editorial board consists primarily of credentialed academics at accredited universities, and if you follow the "cited by #" links at this Google Scholar search, you'll find that some of its articles have been cited by papers published in Obstetrics & Gynecology, the CMAJ, and other widely-respected journals; this establishes that the Practising Midwife is at least not wholly disregarded my the mainstream academic medical community. So, get rid of the reference to this study but don't necessarily reject the journal in general.
* We on Wikipedia like to be able to follow conversations. To that end, we sign our talk page posts; this can be done automatically by typing four tildes after your comment, like this: ~ Thanks for your help, and for considerately bringing this up on the talk page instead of altering the article! If you want more of an introductory tour of WP, see the information I'll add to your talk page. FourViolas (talk) 01:19, 19 December 2014 (UTC)
Health effects.
Hello. I recently added information about mental health problems and vegetarianism, but Flyer22 deleted it saying "poor sourcing". Since all the sources are from pubmed I don't quite understand the reasoning. In general the entire health section is incredibly biased towards vegetarianism, when you look at the pros and cons. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Martin Madsen (talk • contribs) 10:03, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
* Yes,, I reverted you and the account, and I cited why. I stated, "Revert per WP:MEDRS. Poor sourcing."
* It does not seem that you have read WP:MEDRS, such as what it states about WP:Primary sources. Read it. If you or the WP-rtrafford account re-add your material, I will revert again and query WP:Med to weigh in on this matter. Flyer22 (talk) 12:44, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
* Some other health content in the article should be cut as well. Looking again at your additions, it's not very poor sourcing; I've seen worse. For example, this source offers background information on previous studies and acts as a WP:Secondary source in that regard. But your sourcing should generally be better. Pinging medical editor Alexbrn, who has been working on the Veganism article, for his take on your and the WP-rtrafford account's sourcing on this matter. Flyer22 (talk) 12:54, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
* Looking around I also see we have Vegetarian nutrition and Vegan nutrition articles, both with their share of problems too ... Alexbrn talk 13:14, 11 March 2015 (UTC)
* (Add) I've started pecking at this. The whole "Health effects" section seems rather bloated, often with not-great sourcing. The "Longevity" subsection for example is hardly a crisp digest ... Alexbrn talk 08:15, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
* Thank you for the help. Flyer22 (talk) 10:28, 12 March 2015 (UTC)
Template:Veganism and vegetarianism
Opinions are needed on the following matter: Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism. A WP:Permalink for it is here. Flyer22 (talk) 21:20, 18 March 2015 (UTC)
Pictures at the top of the article
I object to using pictures of fruit, vegetables and diary near the title of the article. It suggests vegetarianism is about eating a certain thing, whereas it is actually about NOT eating a certain thing. An equivalent of this would be to use an illustration of the big bang with the article on Atheism. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:34, 22 May 2015 (UTC)Subodai
* The main lead image is fine. A lead image usually is not going to represent everything about a topic, since there is usually so many aspects of a topic. Its representative enough, there is a second lead image beneath it, and (via the use of its text) the article is clear on what vegetarianism encompasses. Flyer22 (talk) 15:40, 22 May 2015 (UTC)
* Also, your analogy does not make sense to me. Flyer22 (talk) 15:43, 22 May 2015 (UTC)
Vegetarianism - Class assignment
I am currently taking LIBR 2100, and as part of a course assignment, I will be finding the citation needed from the following passage:
Proteins are composed of amino acids, and a common concern with protein acquired from vegetable sources is an adequate intake of the essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesised by the human body. While dairy and egg products provide complete sources for ovo-lacto vegetarian, several vegetable sources have significant amounts of all eight types of essential amino acids, including lupin beans, soy,[51] hempseed, chia seed,[52] amaranth,[53] buckwheat,[54] pumpkin seeds[55] spirulina,[56] pistachios,[57] and quinoa.[58] However, the essential amino acids can also be obtained by eating a variety of complementary plant sources that, in combination, provide all eight essential amino acids (e.g. brown rice and beans, or hummus and whole wheat pita, though protein combining in the same meal is not necessary[citation needed]).
I will also be adding a short passage of new information with appropriate citations.
Char916 (talk) 13:48, 20 July 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20131007043230/http://www.buddhanet.net/budsas/ebud/ebdha069.htm to http://www.buddhanet.net/budsas/ebud/ebdha069.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20131105032808/http://www.webspawner.com/users/tathagatagarbha18/index.html to http://www.webspawner.com/users/tathagatagarbha18/index.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150626124658/http://www.sdada.org/Pyramid-Vegetarian-01.jpg to http://www.sdada.org/Pyramid-Vegetarian-01.jpg
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20140301215408/http://www.vsc.org/spiritual.htm to http://www.vsc.org/spiritual.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20131002010300/http://www.jainuniversity.org/jainism.aspx to http://www.jainuniversity.org/jainism.aspx
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150626123857/http://www.evb.ch/en/p5785.html to http://www.evb.ch/en/p5785.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20150626103051/https://www.worldwatch.org/press/news/1998/07/02 to https://www.worldwatch.org/press/news/1998/07/02
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Insects in the lead.
Insects are a bigger source of confusion than "poultry" so it makes far more sense to mention insects than poultry which btw is not mentioned in the sources either. I mean quien carajos thinks that you can be vegetarian while eating chicken? If anything poultry should be removed from the definition or, just to make the introduction shorter say that its just soone who doesnt eat meat.
Melissa fire brasileirinhas681 (talk) 22:10, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
* Melissa fire brasileirinhas681, I reverted you here and here because whether or not we should mention insects in the lead was discussed before and it was decided that mention of that aspect was not needed in the lead. This is because vegetarianism is not usually described as a diet that excludes insects, and the "flesh of any other animal" part covers insects and any other animal not named in the lead. You assert that the insect issue is the bigger issue. But sources show that the "Can a person eat white meat (as in fish or chicken) and still be a vegetarian?" aspect is the bigger issue, which is why we have the Vegetarian Society's statement on that in the lead and cover the matter well enough lower in the article. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 22:25, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
* Also, people usually do not eat insects. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 22:32, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
* As you just said: the definition from that organization is biased because it is aimed at parts of the world where people dont eat insects. Therefore we cant say that insects doesnt belong there just because of the biased views of the workers of the Vegetarian Society and its source of donations. Melissa fire brasileirinhas681 (talk) 23:11, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
* That's not my argument; it is your argument. My arguments for not including "insects" in the lead are that "vegetarianism is not usually described as a diet that excludes insects, and the 'flesh of any other animal' part covers insects and any other animal not named in the lead," and "people usually do not eat insects." The insect aspect is not made into as big of an issue as the white meat aspect is. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 23:57, 23 January 2016 (UTC)
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Lower Overall Mortality Rate?
The first sentence in the "Health Effects" section needs to be modified. As is, it implies that fewer vegetarians die than omnivores. In fact the "overall mortality rate" for any group is always 100% (i.e.: everyone dies). The statement needs to be qualified as to the cause of the mortality as related to vegetarianism. This is specified further down in the paragraph, but the initial sentence should be clarified. Garyvp71 (talk) 14:01, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
* Garyvp71, what wording do you propose? We should stick to what the sources state. And, really, that section should be using good medical sources, per WP:MEDRS. Any poor sources should be removed, along with the content sourced to them. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 12:40, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
Highlight the definition please
The section of definition maybe needed as some of the fruits are not eatable — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:20, 23 September 2016 (UTC)
The definition of "poorly planned"?
In the second paragraph under Health Effects, please elaborate on the idea of "poorly planned". There are so many interpretations and concepts for the idea of something being planned poorly, and each person's idea of "poorly planned" is different. In terms of vegetarianism, poorly planned could be described in the concept of food amount, food quality, when the food is consumed, etc. Therefore, a further explanation of the term should be provided. Thank you. Andrewkcli (talk) 17:57, 3 October 2016 (UTC)
Recent edits
I'm bringing this matter to the talk page because it is clear that NightShadow23 will keep reverting instead of creating a discussion section to make his case. He is clearly aware of the WP:Edit warring policy, like I am.
I twice reverted NightShadow23 on a lead matter, seen here and here, because it makes more sense and flows better to note what an ovo-vegetarian diet includes, what a lacto-vegetarian diet includes, and then what an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes. I also reverted because of the following sentence: "One of the main differences between a vegan and a lacto-vegetarian diet is the avoidance of dairy products." Not only is that sentence unsourced, it is completely unneeded. There is no need to differentiate a vegan diet from a lacto-vegetarian diet in the lead. Furthermore, the lead already makes clear what a vegan diet entails; it states, " A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy."
I also reverted NightShadow23 on this table because it is redundant. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:37, 28 December 2016 (UTC)
* I reverted myself on the table since it gives a quick breakdown of the categories. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 22:04, 28 December 2016 (UTC)
* I removed the difference, but leave the correct order (see Semi-vegetarianism). Please do not touch the table. Federal Chancellor (NightShadow) (talk) 09:43, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
* NightShadow23, what are you even talking about? This order is not any more correct than the order that was there. I gave my reason for liking the previous order. You've given no reason for why the order you reverted to is better. All you have done is pointed to the Semi-vegetarianism article, which lists lacto vegetarianism first, ovo vegetarianism next, and ovo-lacto vegetarianism third; it places the ovo-lacto vegetarianism mention last, just like the lead did before you came along and tinkered with it. I don't like that your change starts out talking about ovo-lacto vegetarianism without first separately noting what the combinations are. As for telling me not to mess with the table, I can if I want to. That stated, I do not have the patience to debate you further on these minor issues. If I see you making other unnecessary or silly edits, I will challenge you on those, and the fact that you are an edit warrior will be to your disadvantage. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 19:50, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
* Read WP:GF and WP:CIV. Federal Chancellor (NightShadow) (talk) 19:57, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
* I don't need to. I essentially have those pages and a number of other Wikipedia pages memorized. But I suggest you read up on what a valid argument is. And thoroughly read WP:Edit warring. And read the WP:BRD essay after that. You were reverted on changes to longstanding material; it was your job to make a valid case for the changes. You did not. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:52, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
* Okay. Did you read WP:WAR? Federal Chancellor (NightShadow) (talk) 22:44, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
* Sigh. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 22:52, 1 January 2017 (UTC)
Primary studies
There has been some edit warring over inclusion of “Vegetarian diet and mental disorders: results from a representative community survey” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3466124/. As this is a human health related study, WP:MEDRS applies. This study is based on analysis of a single German Health Interview and Examination Survey and its Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS). The study size was: Completely vegetarian (N = 54) and predominantly vegetarian (N = 190) participants were compared with non-vegetarian participants (N = 3872) and with a non-vegetarian socio-demographically matched subsample (N = 242). MEDRS strongly favors avoiding primary sources in favor of reviews, though it does describe the possible inclusion of conclusions from 'large RCTs with surprising results'. I don't think this study meets the threshold of weight for inclusion. I would like to see what others think. Dialectric (talk) 22:37, 18 January 2017 (UTC)
* Don't forget the primary source on IQ. If one stays, so does the other. These sources of are equal quality and equal importance. If one goes, so does the other.Petergstrom (talk) 22:42, 18 January 2017 (UTC)
* Yup - not reliable source: removed. the other source relates IQ and vegetarianism and it's debatable whether this is WP:Biomedical information and so whether WP:MEDRS applies. Per WP:SCIRS we probably should not use it; it also seems undue and its use smacks of WP:ADVOCACY. Your edit-warring has seemed rather WP:POINTy and that is disruptive. Alexbrn (talk) 06:51, 19 January 2017 (UTC)
So removal?Petergstrom (talk) 07:25, 19 January 2017 (UTC)
* I've removed the IQ info as I agree that we should be consistent and per WP:SCIRS we shouldn't be citing primary research, especially in such a broad article as this. SmartSE (talk) 11:31, 19 January 2017 (UTC)
* One might also want to keep an eye on Petergstrom's edits to the Veganism article. tweaked one of his additions, which misrepresented data. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 03:22, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* The current wording for that edit should also be tweaked since the source is not about veganism in the general population. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 03:24, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
Nothing was misrepresented, veganism in Hong Kong and India is a pretty good sample, and makes up a considerable percentage of the vegan population.Petergstrom (talk) 04:32, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* It is indeed a misrepresentation to state "Vitamin B-12 deficiency occurs in roughly 80% of the vegan population.", when the source is specifically talking about one or two parts of the world. If the source is specifically about the United States, for example, we are not supposed to state "Vitamin B-12 deficiency occurs in roughly 80% of the vegan population." We are supposed to state, "In the United States, Vitamin B-12 deficiency occurs in roughly 80% of the vegan population." Bottom line is that you repeatedly give me reasons not to trust your editing and, if I continue to see this type of poor editing from you, I will be taking the matter to WP:AN or WP:ANI. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 05:25, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* That is a debatable guideline, not a policy as you are pushing it to be. You might want to check out WP:ESDOS if you have time. Also, this is the vegetarian article talk page, the talk page of the vegan article to which this discussion is relevant is herePetergstrom (talk) 06:39, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* Trying to turn around what I stated to you does not work. My objecting to you misrepresenting a source is not based on WP:MEDRS. And there is no WP:Civility violation in my above post. I stand by what I stated above. I will only warn an editor so many times before I report that editor. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 06:47, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
Again, not a misrepresentation. The statement was not misleading, and was corroborated as within the range of values cited in the study below it. Petergstrom (talk) 07:16, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* You can keep repeating that it was not a misrepresentation or misleading all you want, but I'm certain that the vast majority of editors would disagree. And that you do not understand that the edit was problematic is all the more reason to scrutinize your edits. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 08:14, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* I think there's a problem here too: supporting "one study found" with a citation to a review is distinctly NNPOV. (And the markup is mucked-up too.) Alexbrn (talk) 08:36, 20 January 2017 (UTC)"
How so? A review is a study, but I guess that may be misleading language.Petergstrom (talk) 08:43, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* If you don't know that calling a review "one study" is a problem, then Wikipedia has a problem. Alexbrn (talk) 08:46, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
* Alexbrn, as you may know, Jytdog has tried to mentor Petergstrom. One reason that Petergstrom keeps running into trouble is because he will interpret an editor's words either too strictly or not strictly enough. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 08:53, 20 January 2017 (UTC)
So, in the end, does "Vitamin B-12 deficiency occurs in roughly 80% of the vegan population"? And what article was that passage included in? El_C 23:41, 6 February 2017 (UTC)
New article: Banana island (diet)
Just letting you know in case anyone wants to edit it.
Banana island (diet)
Bk33725681 (talk) 05:05, 16 April 2017 (UTC)
Mentioning in the lead that some people who eat fish or poultry consider themselves vegetarians
I reverted on the removal of the following sentence: "Those with diets containing fish or poultry may define meat only as mammalian flesh and may identify with vegetarianism." I reverted because, like I explained in the edit summary, this information is not solely supported by that one study, and, since this information is addressed in the Varieties section, it should be noted in the lead as well (see WP:Lead). That some people who eat fish or poultry consider themselves vegetarians is a significant aspect of the topic of vegetarianism. It's why the lead even mentions semi-vegetarianism and states, "The common use association between such diets and vegetarianism has led vegetarian groups such as the Vegetarian Society to state that diets containing these ingredients are not vegetarian, because fish and birds are also animals." Yes, the fact that some of these people don't consider fish or poultry, but especially fish, to be real meat is why they state that they are vegetarian. It's why other people consider them vegetarians, or confuse vegetarianism with pescetarianism. The Pescetarianism article briefly comments on the vegetarian vs. pescetarianism aspect as well.
This has been discussed times before and we have retained this information in this article because reliable sources cover it. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 06:58, 25 April 2017 (UTC)
, was this some type of WP:POINTY edit by you? If so, stop it. Vegetarianism is not the same thing that as semi-vegetarianism. The fact that we acknowledge semi-vegetarianism in the article does not make it vegetarianism. There is still the WP:Due weight policy to consider. The vast majority of WP:Reliable sources on vegetarianism are clear that vegetarianism excludes meat (including fish and poultry). So, per the WP:Due weight policy, we give most of our weight to that viewpoint. We give a little weight to the alternative view (semi-vegetarianism). That is the way Wikipedia works. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:36, 25 April 2017 (UTC)
I see that your latest edit was stating "no" to those aspects you added to the table, but, per my "21:36, 25 April 2017 (UTC)" commentary above, that is not needed. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 21:43, 25 April 2017 (UTC)
Vegan
The word Vegan appears 65 times in this article....Vegetarianism is distinct from it — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:646:8780:5D0:51E8:DD02:B560:FC2E (talk) 17:47, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
* Veganism is an aspect of vegetarianism. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 02:30, 17 June 2017 (UTC)
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* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.adventist.org/mission_and_service/health.html.en
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090820234942/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.html to http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikh-dharma-manual.html
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Pronunciation
For your question here, you can read this: "For English words and names, pronunciation should normally be omitted for common words or when obvious from the spelling; use it only for foreign loanwords (coup d'etat), names with counterintuitive pronunciation (Leicester, Ralph Fiennes), or very unusual words (synecdoche)." You can also use common sense and skip over all that stuff and save everyone's time — I would prefer the latter. — ObZorD T 20:25, 12 October 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001728/http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/Chapter5.pdf to http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/Publications/DietaryGuidelines/2010/PolicyDoc/Chapter5.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20151016051622/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=606 to http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=606
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110720113316/http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~manishk/vegetarianism.htm to http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~manishk/vegetarianism.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20090525060825/http://www.sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism4.asp to http://sgpc.net/sikhism/sikhism4.asp
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120529062331/http://sdada.org/position.htm to http://www.sdada.org/position.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20130513031730/http://www.sdada.org/sdahealth.htm to http://www.sdada.org/sdahealth.htm
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110412054210/http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/docs/meatCultureLiteratureReviewV81.pdf to http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/contentPages/docs/meatCultureLiteratureReviewV81.pdf
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Could someone add the following topic.....
* Vegetarian dim sum — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:13, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
POV issue with the "Ethics of killing for food" section
As seen with this edit, I added a Template:POV because the 2605:e000:c7cd IP range has expanded the section solely from a "killing animals for meat is bad" perspective. I also fixed WP:Said violations. I might at some point add some balance to this section if no one beats me to it, but I do not yet have time to focus much on this and do that. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 23:15, 22 April 2018 (UTC)
* I agree with Flyer22. Not only is this section POV, it had a source added to it by a SPA over an edit war. The source is a book from the author it is quoting, the publisher is either very small or is the author's own publishing company. -- VViking Talk Edits 13:25, 23 April 2018 (UTC)
For consistency, someone should either add in that McMahan is a philosophy professor at Oxford, or take out that Singer is a professor at Princeton. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:E000:C7CD:4900:4DFE:4120:7F6D:7006 (talk) 04:57, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
Also, there is no explanation for why "Opponents of ethical vegetarianism argue that animals are not moral equals to humans". To expand the "killing animals for meat is good" perspective, someone should explain why opponents take this stance. Most importantly, the "killing animals for meat is good" portion would address 1) why proponents of this view do not consider people and animals of equal cognitive ability to have any moral equivalence, 2) why proponents of this view believe it is permissible to kill a non-human animal, outside of a survival situation, for the sake of pleasure (eg taste), while (presumably) also believing it is impermissible to kill a human of equal or lesser cognitive ability (eg a mentally disabled homeless person with no friends or family) for the same reasons, and 3) why proponents of this view support killing some animals for the sake of palette pleasure, such as pigs, while condemning the breeding and killing of various other animals, such as dogs, cats, horses, etc., for the same reasons, despite pigs being smarter than these animals.
You may also want to link to the Wiki page on "carnism" or the Wiki series on discrimination. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2605:E000:C7CD:4900:4DFE:4120:7F6D:7006 (talk) 05:03, 24 April 2018 (UTC)
Lietzmann
In the health effects section, directly under a paragraph of multiple meta analyses showing conflicting results, there is a sentence which is almost word for word taken from the abstract of Vegetarian diets: what are the advantages?. The abstract states "In most cases, vegetarian diets are beneficial in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, renal disease and dementia, as well as diverticular disease, gallstones and rheumatoid arthritis" versus "Vegetarian diets have been shown to prevent and treat gallstones, cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis, dementia, diverticular disease, renal disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, cancer, and diabetes." This statement is contradictory to the paragraph above it, and uses strong language to make big claims relative to the weak sourcing. The actual article is written like a personal opinion essay, contains a whopping 17 citations, and conflates research about vegetarianism with veganism The article is also somewhat more conservative than its abstract, saying, for example, " However, the data with vegetarians are not consistent"(pg. 154). I would be for removing that sentence entirely, seeing as it doesn't really add a whole lot, even with rewording it.Petergstrom (talk) 23:51, 5 May 2018 (UTC)
Gallery
Geoffreyrabbit, I reverted the gallery section. Per WP:Gallery, we usually do not include galleries. I also do not see why a gallery is needed or is an improvement for this article. I'll also go ahead and note that we do not have a gallery at the Veganism article either. I ask you to take the time to discuss this here on the talk page instead of revert and re-add the gallery. On a side note: Per MOS:HEAD, the section should not have been titled "Vegetarian Gallery"; it should have simply been "Gallery." Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 06:50, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
I think to collecting the vegetarian picture in gallery, I just want to said that collect all pictures in there , I don't know why you removed it from the wikipedia page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Geoffreyrabbit (talk • contribs)
* Geoffreyrabbit, you have not justified including the gallery. I also sense a language barrier, but you seemingly included the gallery simply because you like it. I've started an RfC on the matter below. We will see what others have to state about it. You can vote below. Remember to sign your username using four tildes. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 13:13, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
RfC: Should the gallery be included?
The dispute concerns Vegetarianism. One view is that we usually do not include galleries, per WP:Gallery, which is also why there is no gallery at the Veganism article, and the gallery does not appear needed. The other view is that a collection of vegetarian diet pictures in a gallery is an improvement. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 13:13, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
Survey
* No. Galleries can be nice or fun to look at it, but they usually are not needed and they often grow out of hand, as can be seen, for example, at the Blond article (its "Historical cultural perceptions" section). There were a lot more pictures there than is seen now, but they were reduced after the excessive pictures were complained about. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 13:13, 4 July 2018 (UTC)
* No Obviously there is such a wide range of vegetarian food that a gallery in this case is simply decorative. It has no encyclopedic value whatsoever. Betty Logan (talk) 05:56, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
* No Gallery not needed. Waddie96 (talk) 15:38, 13 July 2018 (UTC)
* No : Two or three images and photos within the article provide context and all the information needed within it. No gallery as such is required; last time I checked, Wikipedia is not a restaurant menu. -The Gnome (talk) 05:55, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
* Weak No : However more images could be used to illustrate regional vegetarian dishes etc, in the way that French Cuisine does. I would prefer to see some of the images used in context like this rather than just removed.-- Q Chris (talk) 07:42, 20 July 2018 (UTC)
* No - Summoned by bot. A gallery is unnecessary and opens the page up to everyone adding images they see fit. Meatsgains (talk) 23:03, 23 July 2018 (UTC)
Discussion
Yes, I think Vegetarianism is have gallery to collect the all vegetarian food or about the vegetarianism picture is set in gallery, So I think vegetarian is other Wikipedia article is have gallery to collecting the same photographs in gallery. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:11, 6 July 2018 (UTC)
* We need an image for this. -The Gnome (talk) 05:55, 19 July 2018 (UTC)
Thanks, I dream of horses. I don't see that re-opening it would be necessary. The WP:Consensus on this matter is clear. Flyer22 Reborn (talk) 06:45, 29 July 2018 (UTC) | WIKI |
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July 2020: Hold my state - Creating Workflows with Azure Durable Functions by Maxime Rouiller
July 2020: Hold my state - Creating Workflows with Azure Durable Functions by Maxime Rouiller
Check out the video to this session here:
https://youtu.be/KkxudCUYB30
Do your functions have asynchronous dependencies or long running requirements? Fan out and fan in? Jumping through hoops or creating additional overhead trying to maintain state? Take a load off, Durable Functions has your back. Come learn how to simplify complex workflows and win your weekends back.
Bio:
I've been in the tech industry since the 2000s. I've always been working with .NET for as far as I can remember. I've built my profile on being a master of all trade. I've setup VMs, SharePoint environments, built servers and what not. I've coded from desktop apps to server apps, but I've truly found my passion around the web, however. Since then, I've been consulting independently for 3 years before seeing an opportunity to join Microsoft. I co-manage a local user group in Montreal, I own my own blog.
If you want to talk bread and bicycling, I'm your man.
You can find him at
https://blog.maximerouiller.com/
https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/advocates/maxime-rouiller
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Transcript
1. Author functions in C#, F#, Node.JS, Java, and more Code
Events React to timers, HTTP, or events from your favorite Azure services, with more on the way Outputs Send results to an ever- growing collection of services
2. Language 1.x 2.x 3.x C# GA (.NET Framework 4.7) GA
(.NET Core 2.2) GA (.NET Core 3.1) JavaScript GA (Node 6) GA (Node 8 & 10) GA (Node 10 & 12) F# GA (.NET Framework 4.7) GA (.NET Core 2.2) GA (.NET Core 3.1) Java N/A GA (Java 8) GA (Java 8) PowerShell N/A GA (PowerShell Core 6) GA (PowerShell Core 6) Python N/A GA (Python 3.6 & 3.7) GA (Python 3.6, 3.7, & 3.8) TypeScript N/A GA1 GA1 https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/azure-functions/supported-languages
3. // calls functions in sequence public static async Task<List<string>> Run(DurableOrchestrationContext
context) { var outputs = new List<string>(); outputs.Add(await context.CallActivityAsync<string>("SayHello", “Seattle")); outputs.Add(await context.CallActivityAsync<string>("SayHello", “Amsterdam")); // returns ["Hello Seattle!", "Hello Amsterdam!"] return outputs; }
4. // calls functions in sequence module.exports = df.orchestrator(function*(context){ const output
= []; output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Seattle")); output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Amsterdam")); // returns ["Hello Seattle!", "Hello Amsterdam!"] return output; });
5. # calls functions in sequence def orchestrator_function(context: df.DurableOrchestrationContext): task1 =
yield context.call_activity("SayHello", "Seattle") task2 = yield context.call_activity("SayHello", "Amsterdam") outputs = [task1, task2] # returns ["Hello Seattle!", "Hello Amsterdam!"] return outputs main = df.Orchestrator.create(orchestrator_function)
6. “Hello Amsterdam!” [“Hello Amsterdam!”] Orchestrator Function Activity Function Execution History
var outputs = new List<string>(); outputs.Add(await context.CallActivityAsync<string>("SayHello", “Amsterdam")); return outputs; Orchestrator Function ? Activity Function “Hello Amsterdam!” Orchestrator Started Execution Started Task Scheduled, SayHello, “Amsterdam” Orchestrator Completed Task Completed, “Hello Amsterdam!” Orchestrator Started Execution Completed, ["Hello Amsterdam!"] Orchestrator Completed
7. F1 F2 F3 F4 // calls functions in sequence public
static async Task<object> Run(DurableOrchestrationContext ctx) { try { var x = await ctx.CallFunctionAsync("F1"); var y = await ctx.CallFunctionAsync("F2", x); var z = await ctx.CallFunctionAsync("F3", y); return await ctx.CallFunctionAsync("F4", z); } catch (Exception) { // global error handling/compensation goes here } }
8. public static async Task DurableOrchestrationContext var new int // get
a list of N work items to process in parallel object await object "F1" for int Task int int "F2" await Task // aggregate all N outputs and send result to F3 int await "F3"
9. public static async Task Run(DurableOrchestrationContext ctx) { await ctx.CallActivityAsync<object[]>("RequestApproval"); using
(var timeoutCts = new CancellationTokenSource()) { DateTime dueTime = ctx.CurrentUtcDateTime.AddHours(72); Task durableTimeout = ctx.CreateTimer(dueTime, 0, cts.Token); Task<bool> approvalEvent = ctx.WaitForExternalEvent<bool>("ApprovalEvent"); if (approvalEvent == await Task.WhenAny(approvalEvent, durableTimeout)) { timeoutCts.Cancel(); await ctx.CallActivityAsync("HandleApproval", approvalEvent.Result); } else { await ctx.CallActivityAsync("Escalate"); } } }
10. [FunctionName("ProvisionNewDevices")] public static async Task ProvisionNewDevices([OrchestrationTrigger] DurableOrchestrationContext ctx) { string[]
deviceIds = await ctx.CallActivityAsync<string[]>("GetNewDeviceIds"); // Run multiple device provisioning flows in parallel var provisioningTasks = new List<Task>(); foreach (string deviceId in deviceIds) { Task provisionTask = ctx.CallSubOrchestratorAsync("DeviceProvisioningOrchestration", deviceId); provisioningTasks.Add(provisionTask); } await Task.WhenAll(provisioningTasks); // ... }
11. List<SampleLinks> links = await context.CallActivityAsync<List<SampleLinks>>("LinkResolving_SampleLinks_GetAllLink s", null); List<Task<List<(int id, string
resolvedLink)>>> tasks = new List<Task<List<(int id, string resolvedLink)>>>(); foreach (IEnumerable<SampleLinks> batch in links) { tasks.Add(context.CallActivityAsync<List<(int id, string newLink)>>("LinkResolving_ResolveLinkBatch", batch.Select(link => (link.Id, link.Link)))); } await Task.WhenAll(tasks); // . . . | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
NAME
CAF::ObjectText - Base class for handling text
SYNOPSIS
Define subclass via package SubClass; use parent qw(CAF::ObjectText);
sub _get_text
{
my ($self) = @_;
return "actual text";
}
And use it via my $sc = SubClass->new(log => $self); print "$sc"; # stringification
$sc = SubClass->new(log => $self);
# return CAF::FileWriter instance (text already added)
my $fh = $sc->filewriter('/some/path');
if (!defined($fh)) {
$self->error("Failed to retrieve filewriter: $sc->{fail}");
return;
}
$fh->close();
DESCRIPTION
This class simplifies text handling via stringification and produces a FileWriter instance.
Methods
• _initialize_textopts
Handle some common options in the subclass _initialize method.
• log
A Reporter object to log to.
• eol
If eol is true, the produced text will be verified that it ends with an end-of-line, and if missing, a newline character will be added. By default, eol is true.
eol set to false will not strip trailing newlines (use chomp or something similar for that).
• usecache
If usecache is false, the text is always re-produced. Default is to cache the produced text (usecache is true).
• _get_text_test
Run additional tests before the actual text is produced via get_text. Returns undef in case of failure, SUCCESS otherwise.
The method is called in get_text before the caching is checked.
Default implementation does not test anything, always returns SUCCESS. This method should be redefined in the subclass.
• _get_text
Produce the actual text in get_text (or call another method that does so).
Returns 2 element tuple with first element the resulting text (or undef in case of failure). The second element is an error message prefix (ideally, real error message is set via the fail attribute).
This method needs to be defined in the subclass.
• get_text
get_text produces and returns the text.
In case of an error, get_text returns undef (no error is logged). This is the main difference from the auto-stringification that returns an empty string in case of a rendering error.
By default, the result is cached. To force re-producing the text, clear the current cache by passing 1 as first argument (or disable caching completely with the option usecache set to false during the initialisation).
• filewriter
Create and return an open FileWriter instance with first argument as the filename. If the get_text method fails (i.e. returns undef), undef is returned.
The text is added to the filehandle. It's up to the consumer to cancel and/or close the instance.
All FileWriter initialisation options are supported and passed on. (If no log option is provided, the one from the current instance is passed).
Two new options header and footer are supported to respectively prepend and append to the text.
If eol was set during initialisation, the header and footer will also be checked for EOL. (EOL is still added to the get_text if eol is set during initialisation, even if there is a footer defined.) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Cuba's Raul Castro attends interment of younger sister
HAVANA (Reuters) - Cuban President Raul Castro participated in an “intimate and simple family ceremony” on Tuesday interring the ashes of his sister Agustina del Carmen Castro Ruz, according to state television. Agustina was the youngest of the seven Castro siblings, including Raul and Fidel, who together have run the island nation for nearly 60 years. Agustina, who kept a low public profile, died on Sunday in Havana at the age of 78, according to Cuba’s state television. Her death came four months after that of Fidel, who led Cuba’s 1959 revolution and built a communist state on the doorstep of the United States. Her cremated remains were interred at the cemetery of the family home in Biran in eastern Cuba, the broadcaster said. Raul Castro, 85, has vowed to step down as president in 2018 at the end of his second five-year term. However he will remain first secretary of the Communist Party for three years after he steps down as president, retaining significant power. Reporting by Sarah Marsh; Editing by Bill Trott | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 23.djvu/499
FOBTY·IGHTH CONGRESS. Sess. II. OH. 359. 1885. 47] TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Tr2asnryDepart· 111611 . Internal revenue: Internal revenue. For redemption of stamps, prior to July first, eighteen hundred and R°‘l€mPl7l°T\ of eighty-two, four hundred and eighty-seven dollars and twenty-seven ““"“‘I‘“· cents. For refunding taxes illegally collected, prior to July first eighteen Refund oftsxes. hundred and eighty-two, eight thousand two hundred and sixteen dollars and eighty-three cents. For refunding taxes illegally collected under the direct tax laws, prior to July iirst, eighteen hundred and eighty-two, twenty four dollars and two cents. For expenses of assessing and collecting internal revenue, eighteen Asscssmentiuetc., hundred and seventy-five and prior years, one hundred and two dollars °f ’°"°¤°°°· and fortyeight cents. For salaries and expen es of collectors of internal revenue, eighteen Collectors. hundred and eighty-two and prior years, forty-ibur dollars and sixty- one cents. For salaries and expenses of supervisors and subordinate officers ot supervisors, etc, internal revenue, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven and prior years, twelve dollars and fifty cents. For salaries and expenses of agents and subordinate officers of in- Agents, etc. ternal revenue, eighteen hundred and eighty-two and prior years, four hundred and forty-tour dollars. For punishment for violation of internal-revenue laws, eighteen hun- Vi¤l¤*i°¤ <>f i¤· dmi and eighty-two and prior yom, evo dollars. §’,,¥,'"*"’°'°““° Miscellaneous objects: ~ ` For labor and expenses of engraving and printing, eighteen hundred hlngraving and and eighty-two and prior years, two hundred and thirty-four dollars, and P“”*'“8· sixty-seven cents. For refunding to national banking associations excess of duty, prior Refund excess of - to July first, eighteen hundred and eighty-two one thousand and nine dut-V. *° ¤“·*'°'!‘1 dollars and five cents. _ ,,'{°°k‘°0m,_ g °°°°°"" mm210B DEPARTMENT. , Inzorioi- Depart- - lll0D. For contingent expenses, General Land Onice, eighteen hundred and Contingent oxeighty-two and prior years, nineteen dollars and fifty cents. £_;D“d“8gm?°“°m Public-land service. · icilhibliclandserv- For contingent expenses of land·offices, eighteen hundred and eighty- Contingent extwo and prior years, thirty five dollars and thirty two cents.P¤¤¤¤¤J¤¤d·°m¤¤¤· For salaries and commissions of registers and receivers, eighteen nogimrsnndm- . hundred and eighty-two and prior years, tour hundred and ninety-five ¤¤1'¤¤- dollars and thirty-one cents. For depredations on public timber, eighteen hundred and eighty-two Dopi-edntions on and prior years, two hundred and fiftymhree dollars and fifteen cents. P¤bli<> ¤i¤¤l>¤¢· For examinations of the public surveys, eighteen hundred and eighty- Examinations of two and prior years, one hundred and thirty-one dollars. P“bh° ““"°Y“· For contingent expenses office of surveyor-general of Louisiana, Contingent sx. eighteen hundred and eighty-two and prior years, one dollar. P¢¤¤¤¤» °*h*>° ¤i i.`?.I22li’§.L‘°“°“" For contingent expenses office of surveyor-general of Utah, eighteen Contingent oxhundred and eighty-two and prior years, twelve dollars and thirty cents. gspxgzrfgcggmgf · I - Utah. For surveying the public lands, eighteen hundred and eighty-two and Surveyingpnbiic prior years, two thousand four hundred and thirtyseven dollars and we P'“"'°° “”d“· nfty-seven cents. For surveying public and private lands, eighteen hundred and seventy- nine and prior years, ninety-eight dollars. For five, three, and two per centum fund to States, prior to July nrst, Five, three, ::1 eighteen hundred and eighty two, except the claim numbered thirty- ggd i’0°§'m‘;°;_ | WIKI |
Talk:Gun violence/Archive 1
Significant figures
The authors of this table should review the concept of significant figures, especially the section on superfluous precision. Reporting values such as 114.5083 for a given country implies an absurd degree of accuracy, which could only be obtained if there were millions of murders per year that were exactly counted. Reporting 114 (or maybe 114.5) is enough. --Itub 08:21, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
Incomplete list?
Why is it that only European and other white countries are listed? Is this not a form a discrimination? I thought ALL countries should be included in this... LOTRrules (talk) 02:18, 19 January 2008 (UTC)
There are a few problems with this table. Firstly, not all of the figures given match those in the linked UNODC document, and I'd echo the complaint about the number of decimal places. (Surely this must be original research? The UNODC quotes figures to 2 decimal places.) Secondly, I don't think the UNODC survey itself is entirely clear without an attached explanation of their figures and definitions. For example, the stats for South Africa include homicides and attempted homicides and a "firearms homicide" statistic which presumably includes attempted homicides. So you can't really compare this to (for example) the US, where only "completed homicide" figures are given. Plevyman (talk) —Preceding comment was added at 09:00, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
From the UN's own study "The statistics cannot take into account the differences that exist between the legal definitions of offences in various countries, of the different methods of tallying, etc.Consequently, the figures used in these statistics must be interpreted with great caution. In particular, to use the figures as a basis for comparison between different countries is highly problematic.". This is a fatal flaw in the design of this article. Brontide (talk) 14:19, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
South Africa's are very suspect, as they are on Nationmaster. Plevyman's theory is probably true that they include firearm homicide attempts. My idea is going to each individual source of the country itself as these studies that cover many cities or countries tend to contain several statistical errors. I prefer just going to the police force or medical institute of each country/city etc. Obviously this means more than one source has to be fitted somewhere on the page but, I would argue, it's more accurate. Power Society (talk) 01:14, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
Inconsistent definitions
This page uses at least two differeing definitions of the topic at hand.
Gun violence is the broadly defined category of violence and crime committed with the use of a firearm; it does not include the safe lawful use of firearms for sport, hunting, target practice, law enforcement, or self-defense The homicide statistics listed below are for "intentional homicide", which is "death deliberately inflicted on a person by another person",[5] including justifiable homicide and criminal homicide.
These two are very different since one includes all deliberate homicides including law enforcement and self-defense and the other does not. This is on top of the fatal flaw that the UN survey specifically warns against using the data as a point of comparison because each country has differing methods of tallying and legal definitions that are not controlled for this survey. Brontide (talk) 14:40, 19 June 2008 (UTC)
legal VS illegal guns
please add info comparing homicide cases involving illegal guns and homicide cases with guns that are carried with license (there should be also an attention to the requirements of the weapon owner in every country). 09:13, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
loose firearm laws
Currently there is a sentence in the article that states: "The United States has the highest rates among developed countries, which some account to the loose firearm laws in the U.S. compared to other developed countries." What does "loose firearm laws" mean? and should that not read "most other developed countries"? --PBS (talk) 10:21, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
I agree that these imprecise terms are not helpful. "Loose firearms laws" could just as easily be rewritten as "constitutionally protected right to individual firearm ownership", yet I doubt that either term serves to advance the discussion much. Furthermore, the comparison to "other developed countries" needs citation. I feel the sentence in question therefore violates NPOV and should be amended or deleted. NDM (talk) 00:01, 20 December 2008 (UTC)
Why is only homicide data mentioned?
Presentation of only homicide data in this article makes it woefully inadequate. This establishes a presumption that all usage of firearms is "evil" and "illegal", which is patently false.
At the very least, this article needs sections on other criminal uses of firearms such as assault, robbery involving firearms, etc, as well as non criminal uses of firearms such as justifiable homicide, non-fatal self defense shootings and self-defense involving the use of a firearm in which the weapon is not discharged. (self defense episodes could also be broken down into civilian and official, i.e. police, uses) All of these uses clearly involve "violent" use of a weapon, and should be analyzed in the scope of this article. NDM (talk) 00:11, 20 December 2008 (UTC)
* I agree, the disproportionate focus on criminal gun violence and the underemphasis on suicidal gun violence is a major neutrality bias error. This must be fixed. In the meantime I am adding a notice to the article to alert readers to this problem. SaltyBoatr (talk) 19:37, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
* It may not be intentional, but the focus on crime violence mirrors the gun-rights advocacy that self defensive weapons against criminals is virtuous. Regardless the encyclopedia should avoid the appearance of mirroring the 'party line' that self defensive weapons are good. Increasing the focus on the suicidal gun violence would help to alleviate this improper POV skewed appearance. SaltyBoatr (talk) 19:48, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
* do you have some reliable sourcing that supports what you are opining above, or is it merely your personal opinion? neither should this article mirror the 'other' party line that self defensive weapons are bad - that should go without saying.Anastrophe (talk) 05:50, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
The article is about gun violence. Suicides and homicides are just the most easily countable forms of violence because accidents would be very difficult to count. What form of accident is an accident and how could statistics be collected? If we have reliable sources for "justifiable homicides" then they should be included. These should come from official sources such as police records, not repeated from secondary sources such as books unless the original source for that data is given also. I think the claim that the inclusion of the statistics we do have "establishes a presumption that all usage of firearms is "evil" and "illegal" " is wrong. I see nothing in the article that suggests this.--Hauskalainen (talk) 05:31, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* you may wish to spend some time reading WP:RS. your suggestion that primary sources are preferable to secondary sources is the opposite of what WP:RS states.Anastrophe (talk) 05:50, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
"homicide" (in U.S.) is a manner of death, considered separate from accident and suicide - false claim of uniqueness
I deleted the following text, only for User:Yaf to reinstate it.
It should be noted that, in the US, "homicide" is a manner of death, considered separate from accident (even accident with firearm) and suicide.
The reason for deleting it is that the text seems to imply that the U.S. is exceptional for its not considering accidents or suicides as a homicides. User:Yaf has added it back in saying that it is properly referenced, but there is not even any evidence for this claim in the reference! This is just a brief report from one local coroner in the U.S. which makes NO reference to gun violence at all and does not support the claim implied in the text. Please explain in clear and concise English why this text is important to the topic of Gun Violence. In the absence of a suitable explanation the text will be deleted again. And provide WP:RS to support the claim that the police outside the U.S. count accidents or suicides as homicides --Hauskalainen (talk) 14:24, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
* The US and the UK do count homicides differently. As noted by Joyce Lee Malcolm,"“The murder rates of the U.S. and U.K. are also affected by differences in the way each counts homicides. The FBI asks police to list every homicide as murder, even if the case isn't subsequently prosecuted or proceeds on a lesser charge, making the U.S. numbers as high as possible. By contrast, the English police 'massage down' the homicide statistics, tracking each case through the courts and removing it if it is reduced to a lesser charge or determined to be an accident or self-defense, making the English numbers as low as possible.”"
* Also, it is worth noting that:"“Cultural differences and more-permissive legal standards notwithstanding, the English rate of violent crime has been soaring since 1991. Over the same period, America's has been falling dramatically. In 1999 The Boston Globe reported that the American murder rate, which had fluctuated by about 20 percent between 1974 and 1991, was 'in startling free-fall.' We have had nine consecutive years of sharply declining violent crime. As a result the English and American murder rates are converging. In 1981 the American rate was 8.7 times the English rate, in 1995 it was 5.7 times the English rate, and the latest study puts it at 3.5 times.”"
* So, it is important to be clear about the differences among various jurisdictions regarding definitions of what counts as a homicide, lest we mislead readers. Incidentally, concealed carry first became legal in many states commencing in 1986, and has spread to most states, concurrent with the large drop in homicide rates. Yet, 20% of the homicides in the US occur among 6% of the population in 4 cities where guns are banned. Is the change in concealed carry laws the reason for the large drop in the US homicide rate, while the UK has seen a rapidly rising rate with the banning of private firearms for self defense? Not clear, but correlation seems evident. Yaf (talk) 19:52, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
* On every point that Joyce Lee Malcolm makes, she gives no supporting evidence. Its also interesting to note that she is associated with George Mason University which is a hotbed of academics with extreme right wing views with many academics holding right wing positions and the university itself is funded by right wing sponsors such as Richard Mellon Scaife with. Hardly a normal academic background then. This is not a normal academic institution.
* On the one case I am familiar with, the Martin case, Joyce Lee Malcolm does not reveal the reason Martin was found guilty. This was that he clearly shot the intruder in the back. He had no reason to shoot to defend himself because his alleged assailant was on his way out of the premises. What's more, Martin knew he had done wrong and tried to pretend that he wasn't even there at the time. Which reinforces my suspicion that Joyce Lee Malcolm may not be a reliable source, as she does not tell the full story. I have looked for the original "The Mirror" story but cannot find it. Where do these statistics come from? I think we should verify them. I am particularly concerned to check out the US/UK classification statistic and am puzzled by the reference to the FBI. Where can this be checked? The FBI surely does not investigate most murders in the U.S. and neither would it collate data from police in the individual states. Thats a DoJ function. It seems a little odd to me for her to refer to the FBI.
* Notwithstanding anything you have claimed, the article reference you added back simply has no relevence to gun violence and you have not established a connection even between the claim you make above and the content of the referenced article. I am therefore going to delete it.--Hauskalainen (talk) 23:22, 11 March 2009 (UTC)
* Have added the new reference that I mentioned above, as it more clearly makes the point than the Manner of Death paper from California that shows the effect of the FBI policy, in categorizing homicides, accidents, and suicides. As for George Mason University and Joyce Lee Malcolm, GMU is well respected university, judging from the numbers of published peer-reviewed papers coming out from there, and Joyce Lee Malcolm is a well respected historian, cited in numerous Federal court cases in court transcripts. More details are available from her numerous published books, if we need more cites and verification. As for your insults on a great university and professor, that is your opinion, but constitutes Original Resarch. It has no relevance here. Please stick to what reliable sources properly cited say, rather than make up stuff. OK? Yaf (talk) 04:31, 12 March 2009 (UTC)
* Also, the FBI does collect homicide and other assorted data in their annual Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs). These are available online, going back a number of years. Older ones are not online, existing in hard copy only, but even they are available in most any large library in the US. For more on these, look here. Yaf (talk) 05:16, 12 March 2009 (UTC)
* I thought I remembered in talking with other academics that Professor Malcolm had taught at Cambridge, and I was right. A quick check shows she has previously taught at Princeton University, Bentley College, Boston University, Northeastern University and Cambridge University. She was also a Senior Advisor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Security Studies Program, a Visiting Scholar at Massachusetts Center for Renaissance Studies, and is a Bye Fellow at Robinson College, Cambridge University. So, I presume you now include Cambridge University, Bentley College, Boston University, and Northeastern University as being similarly extreme right wing view universities, too, and lest we forget, those Bye Fellow scholars must be extreme right wing types, too. The paranoia needs to stop. Yaf (talk) 21:40, 12 March 2009 (UTC)
No. I continue to challenge your edits. I am working on the claim that British police "massage" down statistics as they follow cases thru the courts. I have read this evening read the guidance to police in England and Wales on the collation of crime statistics. There is no provision in the guidance to reclassify recorded crime as the case progresses thru the courts which Malcolm claims. However, just to be sure, I have therefore fired off an enquiry to determine if the claim Malcolm makes is true. If it is not true, we will have to either remove the claim or highlight her error to the reader.--Hauskalainen (talk) 02:25, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* Just to throw in my 2c - because it seems kind of necessary - can anybody find examples of times when a murder/manslaughter was changed to accidental killing in the UK given that there are very few legal reasons why a civilian should own a firearm? Sure maybe it works like that, but where are the examples of it happening in reality. People in the UK don't shoot themselves because they don't have easy access to firearms. When it does happen it's often farmers with shotguns, and even that is rare. What I'm saying is - maybe the numbers aren't as absurd as the way the article is worded suggests they are - being as there's no evidence any of the recording differences are statistically relevant --Streaky (talk) 14:57, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
UNODC data is way out of date
the article relies upon UNODC data from 2000 - but the most recent results are for 2005-2006 ( http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/Tenth-CTS-annotated.html ). the chart should probably be updated. yes, yes, i'm the one mentioning it, i'm the one who should do it. if only i had the time right now. if some other intrepid editor has the inclination, it would certainly be worthy of a 'good on ya'. i'll have more time in a month or so, if it's not done by then maybe i'll have a go at it. Anastrophe (talk) 07:00, 15 March 2009 (UTC)
* A quick look at the data shows some to be missing.. If anyone does compile a new table it will have to have data from other years for some sub-sets. This should be OK as long as it is properly annotated. Some big countries such as France are not shown!--Hauskalainen (talk) 00:16, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
edit war over suicide research sourcing
I object to the edit warring forcing suppression of naming the sources of research in the text of the article. The National Science Foundation and the New England Journal of Health versus research by gun advocate John Lott and Gary Kleck. The article reads as if these two opposing groups of researchers were in the same league. Come on! The first group have a platinum reputation and the later group much less so, indeed they have a reputation considered by some to be questionable. Reputations matter, and giving them equal billing in the article wrongly deprives the reader of important context. SaltyBoatr (talk) 21:54, 3 April 2009 (UTC)
* can you please explain what a "platinum reputation" is? who bestows this title? Anastrophe (talk) 04:04, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
* and if i'm not mistaken, weren't you arguing elsewhere that what mattered is the material itself, not the reputation of the author, in regard to bellisiles? Anastrophe (talk) 04:06, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, there is a HUGE difference in the reputation of Gary Kleck's publisher the Journal of Law and Economics and John Lott's publisher the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency and Kellerman's publisher the New England Journal of Medicine and the report of the executive committee of the National Academy of Science. The article gives them equal billing, and that does a disservice to the reader and is a POV push creating the false impression that there is a equal disagreement about firearm suicide statistics. Can you tell us if the pro-gun advocacy authors used peer-reviewed journals, or are these vanity press publishers? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:17, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* The Journal of Law and Economics and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency appear to be WP:Fringe sources. Can dispel this appearance? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:19, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* you have twice referred to the article 'giving equal billing ' to the sources. what policy is this directed from? i know that WP:RS requires reliable sources, but i'm not aware of a requirement that some sources are so exceptionally good that they are deserving of 'special billing' within the article to show that they're better than others. please note: i am only referring to the contention that you've made that "suppression of naming the sources of research in the text of the article" is somehow contrary to policy. sources are sources, article space is article space. now, as to the latter contention, i do not know what the quality is of the latter sources. i haven't read them. i don't know if they're fringe or vanity press or whatnot. if you have evidence that shows that to be the case, then by all means present it. Anastrophe (talk) 22:07, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* Thank you for acknowledging that the Journal of Law and Economics and the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency are of unknown reputation. The burden of proof is not on me to show the extent of reliability of these publishers. SaltyBoatr (talk) 23:08, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* um, all i acknowledge was that I didn't know their reputation. i spent a few seconds researching it: the journal of law and economics is published by the university of chicago; i believe that garners a "platinum reputation". . the journal of research in crime and delinquency is published by Rutgers School of Criminal Justice – Center for Law and Justice, and the abstract is found at the national criminal justice reference service, which is administered by the office of justice programs, US department of justice. i don't think you have a claim for "dubious"; please remove the tag, thanks. Anastrophe (talk) 23:37, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* I think that the weight of authority is dubious considering the POV advocacy reputations of the authors. And in the case of John Lott there appears to be a history of questionable ethics. I do not see evidence of a reputation for peer review. Do you? SaltyBoatr (talk) 02:58, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* Additionally, the Lott/Whitney paper seems to be speaking to the efficacy of "safe storage laws" and suicides, not household firearm ownership and suicide. This confusion needs to be cleared up. SaltyBoatr (talk) 03:13, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* Neither does the Kleck paper speak whether household firearm ownership is correlated with suicide rate, his conclusion seems to be simply that with the existing data, answering that question is not feasible. (see pg 26). Unless someone else has a better understanding of the dense Kleck paper? Please let us know. SaltyBoatr (talk) 03:34, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
Thailand . erroneous and suspicious data
I have been checking the data in the table for a few countries against the source table. There was a relatively minor error in the table for England and Wales, quite a major one for the USA, both of which I have fixed. I then looked at Thailand. The Thai data looks decidedly suspect in the source document and is wronlgly carried over into the table here. According to the source data there were fewer total homicides reported (5140) than firearm homicides (21635). Clearly a misunderstanding by the reporting country because that means that the percentage of homicides carried out with a gun is 421% of the total (and not 79.6 as in the table in our article). Clearly this is nonsensical. Should we just correct the figure as reported (even though it would be nonsensical) or should we just remove the country from the table?
Remove from the table is my own preference. --Hauskalainen (talk) 22:17, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
* it would be better instead to update the entire table from the most recent UNODOC. Anastrophe (talk) 23:11, 4 April 2009 (UTC)
* um, this isn't how wikipedia works. where did you derive the value for thailand? you say the source has this discrepancy, so where's the new value from? your commentary added as a "ref" is also not how wikipedia works - talk page discussion is not, and never is, a "reference". please revert yourself. if you have another source for these figures, then you must provide it. altering the table to conform to your interpretation of the data simply won't fly. yes, errors in the source are a shame. but doing your own OR and altering the sourced data isn't acceptable. Anastrophe (talk) 17:59, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* The table in this article shows the percentage of all homicides reported as gun homicides. The source table has total homicides and homicides with a firearm. The percentage of total homicides from firearms must be total firearm homicides divided by all homicides and expressed as a percentage. The Thailand figure (and so on further examination does the South Africa data) illogically shows more firearm homicides than total homicides. The percentage therefore is more than 100%. That's why the explanatory note is required. My explanatory note is no different in principle to the explanatory note about using dates from different years. I am sure most WP readers will want to understand why we have included a figure in excess of 100% even if we cannot explain why the source data contains apparently inconsistent data. I have not altered any source data other than to bring it into line with the table in the source. I resent your accusation that I am somehow interpreting the data.--Hauskalainen (talk) 05:17, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* can we boil this down into clear answers, please? have you altered the data in the table in the article such that it is not exactly as shown in the table in the source? if yes? please revert. if no, then there is no issue. Anastrophe (talk) 05:42, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* The Firearms and total homicde rates are taken directly from the table. The Non-Firearm homicide rate is the total homicide rate MINUS the firearm homicide rate (logically) and the % Firearm deaths are the total number of Firearm homicides divided by the total homicides and expressed as a percentage. For England and Wales 62 divided by 766 is 8.09%, for Thalians it is 2032 divided by 3140 or 389.73% (illogical I know, but reflects the statistics presented) and for the US 8259 divided by 12,658 is 65.24%. I have reinstated these correct figures in the table--Hauskalainen (talk) 19:01, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* you're welcome to add a note indicating that the source's figures are questionable and the basis; you are not welcome to modify the source's details. i am reverting this change. once more, with feeling: you cannot modify sourced statistics to conform to your calculations derived from same. it's misleading to the reader. the source doesn't contain the values you have derived, thus the article doesn't match the source, wrong as the source may be. i again encourage you to perhaps look to transcribing the statistics from the latest UNODOC, which might not suffer these errors. Anastrophe (talk) 19:05, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* . You are being ridiculous. I have not modified any statistic. If you believe the derivation is wrong answer these questions. (1) Why is the non-firearm homicide rate not equal to the total homicide rate less the firearm homicide rate and (2) why is the percentage of homicides not equal to the total number of homicides committed with a gun divided by the total number of homicides expressed as a percentage? This is, in effect, what you are arguing. Also, if you have modified the corrections I put in the article, how can you justify the numbers you are adding? Where do they come from? At least I have a source for the data I have added.--Hauskalainen (talk) 20:10, 7 April 2009
* please refrain from personal attacks. see WP:NPA. i don't understand what you are saying. i have restored the values in the chart to what they were a month or so ago, before you started making changes. are you saying that the numbers you entered into the chart are exactly the values found in the source data? that doesn't sound like what you're saying, since you describe "derivation". if you are interpreting how you believe the data should be displayed in order for it to be correct, then you must not do so. having "a" source is not the same as correctly displaying "the" source from which the chart is derived. so which is it? are you restoring the table to the exact data as in the original UNODOC source, or are you modifying the values to something you've derived? if the latter, sorry. that simply won't fly. it's not how wikipedia works. you must present the data exactly as the source provides it. if there are obvious errors, then you may make a note of the errors, but you can't just change the data. Anastrophe (talk) 21:28, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* Lets take this one a step at a time. If there were 8259 gun homicides in the United States out of a total of 12658 homicides (both figures from the source), how can the percentage of gun homicides in the US be 39% (your figure)? 65.24% is the correct answer. I can justify my figure. This is because 8259 divided by 12658 and multiplied by 100 is 65.24 (the number you deleted). How do you justify your 39%?--Hauskalainen (talk) 23:16, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* sorry, i'm not going to play another iteration of this game. the chart must reflect the data exactly as it appears in the source. period. that's an incontrovertible wikipedia policy. stop playing calculator-brinksmanship, that's not what the issue is. the chart must reflect exactly the data that's in the source. period. end of discussion. if you dispute that, you're welcome to take it up on the appropriate noticeboard. everything else is just noise. if the changes you are making bring the chart in the article into exact conformance with the source's data, then there is no issue.Anastrophe (talk) 23:26, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* Incontrovertable WP policy? Poppycock! See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:OR#Routine_calculations. Your editing is showing bias and is totally unacceptable. --Hauskalainen (talk) 23:31, 7 April 2009 (UTC)
* i finally understand what the problem is. the table in the article employs columns of data derived from the source via routine calculation ("% homicides with firearms"). as well, the 'non-firearm homicide rate' is derived by subtracting the firearms homicide rate from the total homicide rate columns extant in the source data. so half of the columns in the chart in the article are derivative, and not present in the source data. the difficulty in seeing this was mine, the source data has a plenitude of other statistics within it, making it a bit of a task to figure out just what the heck is what.
* on that basis, i withdraw my objection, and i apologize for not fully seeing what was at work here. it is questionable having a chart in which half the data is derivative of the source, but not necessarily out of bounds.
* you're welcome to correct data in the "% homicides with firearms" and "non-firearm homicide rate" columns. Anastrophe (talk) 01:55, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* That table should be moved into a stand alone article Gun violence statistics or some such, it clutters up the flow of the article. SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:01, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* I do not understand this! It does not clutter the article at all. What can be more relevent to an article on gun violence than statistics on the rate of gun homicides? It is a crude measure, but one that surely has a better international agreeable definition and reliablity than a degree of injury neasure for example.--Hauskalainen (talk) 05:17, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* that may or may not be a laudable goal; that said, and keeping on topic: until such time as the stats may be forked to another article, do you support ad hoc modification of the presentment of a source's data in this manner? i don't know how this matches policy in any way. the statistics should be restored, and if a source can be found that shows that they're in error, by all means add it. but modifying the data in the table wily nily cannot stand. Anastrophe (talk) 22:09, 5 April 2009 (UTC)
* forked?!!!! Content forking should not be our aim. --Hauskalainen (talk) 05:17, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* I agree with SaltyBoatr that the table should be moved into its own article.
* I also agree with Anastrophe that in no case should the statistics be "modified." They should be presented exactly they are in the source. If a source is proven incorrect my one or more other sources, then we can defer to the "more correct" sources.--Hamitr (talk) 04:16, 6 April 2009 (UTC)
* I also agree with Anastrophe; it is OR for an editor to calculate new numbers to replace what is cited, to "correct" a cited source. Yaf (talk) 00:11, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* Where does the number you added come from? How did you calculate 39%? --Hauskalainen (talk) 01:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* tHE TABLE SHOULD NOT BE REMOVED. iT IS TOTALLY RELEVANT!!--Hauskalainen (talk) 01:02, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* Please refrain from shouting your opinion (IN ALL CAPS) with no mention of your rationale. It adds nothing to the discussion and doesn't help to improve the article. Thanks. --Hamitr (talk) 01:31, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, I seem to have hit caps lock in error. I have raised the statistics/WP:OR dispute at No original research/noticeboard seeing as we seem to have 3 editors claiming one thing and one claiming another. Lets wait and see what comes out of that.--Hauskalainen (talk) 01:39, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
* i withdraw my objections, as it was my error in reading the differences between the chart in the article and the source data. Anastrophe (talk) 01:55, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
Rather than amending the data for Thailand I have simply deleted it from the table. There are many other UN countries mot listed in the table and it avoids the nonsensical inclusion of a statistic that would appear to show that gun homicides are more than 100% of total homicides. I see that in the tenth UN survey, some attempt has been made to confirm the data given by the respondent countries using statistical checks or cross reference data from other sources. However, until someone can incoporate the newest data, this table should stand.--Hauskalainen (talk) 10:44, 8 April 2009 (UTC)
Lead sentence
The lead sentence states that gun violence does not include "the safe lawful use of firearms for sport, hunting, target practice, law enforcement, or actions ruled as self-defense." This sentence needs attention for a few reasons. The first of which is that self-defense is considered "safe", as per the sentence. Certainly it is not "safe" for obvious reasons, and this shouldn't be glossed over. Lawful is a much more appropriate explanation, and would also enable the hunting, law enforcement, and self-defense sections to remain unchanged. More importantly, if we include such a stringent definition, even notwithstanding the "safe" part...we must be pretty certain any citations referenced incorporate this definition, or otherwise note it. I think that would be incredibly difficult, especially given cross-border studies. Obviously we should note study distinctions whenever noted, but as a practical matter, this lead sentence is written to suggest the sources in this article are vetted similarly (much like the inclusion criteria on a list would be written), and unless this is strictly followed, we cannot be so distinct. I welcome comments before any changes are implemented. Shadowjams (talk) 06:29, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* If a policeman shoots someone in the course of his duties and causes injury or death, why is that not gun violence? It is in my eyes. One could also argue from a definition point of view that gun violence includes the killing of animals. Apart from using guns to start races and other forms of signalling (by show or by firing), the main purpose of a gun is surely to inflict violence. --Hauskalainen (talk) 11:08, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* The gun was not created to inflict violence. Violence is a consequence of using a gun for its intended purposes, but guns were not created to inflict violence.Prussian725 (talk) 12:59, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* If the gun was not invented to inflict violence, what purpose do you think it was invented for? The Collins dictionary defines violence as "the use of physical force, usually intended to cause injury or destruction" and the gun is a perfect weapon for this. Whether used against animals or people. --Hauskalainen (talk) 19:19, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Have re-ordered the lead sentence structure to clarify its meaning. Law enforcement actions, taken to shoot a criminal trying to murder someone else, for example, is not legally considered gun violence. On the other hand, criminal acts committed by a rogue policeman with a gun could easily be gun violence, being an illegal use of a gun, but this would be an extreme rarity. Gun violence is not legally defined as the harvesting of animals for food, either. In short, the legal definitions of gun violence are what matter here; they are also easily cited. Yaf (talk) 14:59, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf, could you restate yourself using references to your sources? "not legally considered gun violence", where do you read this? As if, legal violence is not a subset of violence. Logically, I question whether legal violence is a type of violence too? In Peter Squires book ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> (pg 208) he writes of how the the British Police have both a policy and a culture of the police profession which eschews gun violence, in contrast with other styles of policing which use gun violence and the threat of gun violence as 'legal' tools. Lets stay away from original research Yaf. SaltyBoatr (talk) 15:25, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Have added another cite for the legal aspect of it. There are many sources that have stated the legal basis for defining gun violence. "Legal violence" or even "legal gun violence" are simply left-wing catch phrases. Admittedly, police brutality, describing acts committed illegally, have occurred in the past. However, to define all actions by police as "legal violence" or "legal gun violence" is simply not the case. The rule of law prevents this from continuing, once despicable acts become known. Lets stick to facts here, rather than besmirch the thin blue line out of habit, OK? (The 2009 Oakland police shootings is a case in point; was it gun violence for police to shoot/kill the cop killer? No. Was it gun violence for the cop killer to shoot/kill 4 cops? Yes.) Looks rather simple and workable as a definition to me, to focus on the illegal aspects associated with actions with a gun to determine gun violence. As for Peter Squires' book, I think it is safe to say that all police eschew gun violence, i.e., illegal acts committed with guns. Lets not twist the meaning of sources, OK? Yaf (talk) 17:11, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Can you include "accidental" and "suicide" giving them top emphasis, considering that those are the two most common forms of gun violence? The article gives far too much emphasis on the criminal form of gun violence which is less common. This POV push mirrors the pro-gun advocacy work which also seeks to justify the personal carrying of guns to combat crime. SaltyBoatr (talk) 17:17, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Suicide is a crime in most states, being illegal. Hence, in most states where it is illegal, there is no disconnect with the illegal aspects of suicide with a gun aligning with defining suicide as gun violence, for the percentage of suicides committed with a gun. However, in those states where suicide or assisted suicide is legal, there are generally proscribed methods mandated for euthanasia that permit only drugs. To the best of my knowledge, there are no jurisdictions that permit assisted suicide with a gun, or even consider suicide with a gun legal. So, this is not a problem, either -- still an illegal act, hence suicide with a gun is considered gun violence in all jurisdictions to the best of my knowledge. A reliable source would still be needed for all this, of course, equating suicide assisted with a gun or with a gun as gun violence before considering adding any article text.
* As for accidental deaths, these are often a failure to secure a gun against access by children or other unresponsible parties. Again, this is a crime in many US jurisdictions, so there is no real disconnect here, either. An illegal act by someone to fail to secure a gun properly, resulting in a death, would be gun violence, too. I do take issue with your claim that the criminal form of gun violence is possibly less common than suicide. It rather looks like you are simply confusing homicide statistics with suicide statistics, for all "successful" offings. A better measure would be homicide statistics + gun crime injuries + gun crime acts vs. gun-assisted suicides. I doubt seriously that suicides would figure high in this at all, equating to somewhere around 13K to 15K deaths 17K a year by suicide in the US with guns, depending on the year . As for accidents, for cases where a responsible firearm owner has an accident (dropping a hunting rifle from a tree stand while deer hunting, failing to unload a shotgun before crossing a fence and snagging the trigger, etc.), these are not illegal acts. This is the reason they are not generally categorized as gun violence. Ascribing the title of "gun violence" to an accident seems rather improper, being no illegal act occurred. So, no, your proposal for the categories of "accidental" and "suicide", giving them top emphasis, seems out of proportion to the majority of acts of gun violence, being one is not illegal, and the other (suicide) is a very small percentage of the total incidents of illegal gun usages. You are certainly welcome to look for cited sources that support alternative claims, if such exist, but I rather suspect that no such sources exist. Yaf (talk) 17:58, 9 April 2009 (UTC) Yaf (talk) 19:23, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* How does this solve the problem of POV push? SaltyBoatr (talk) 18:16, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf - Where is the legal definition of gun violence you're referring to? Title 18 § 921 of US code defines most federal firearms terms, and the term gun violence is not among them. States also have other definitions, as do other nations, but I can't find a source, at least in the US code. Shadowjams (talk) 18:56, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
(outindent) Violent crime in the US is specifically defined to include just rape, robbery, aggravated and simple assault, and homicide. Gun violence in the US at the federal and state level is usually associated just with these violent crimes, including woundings, that would fall under assault, of course.
However, there is no precise legal definition of gun violence, being it is not a US CFR or FBI UCR term, but, rather, being just a political term used by politicians and various advocacy groups. Everyone is for “apple pie” and everyone is against “gun violence”. But the definitions of gun violence do run the gamut from violent crime associated acts with a gun (most common, and mainstream) to a slightly more simplified set of acts, while neglecting crime, and focusing on hoplophobia.
For example, some fringe advocacy groups do include suicide and accidents as being a form of gun violence, primarily for political purposes, while ignoring the definitions of violent crime that include many more violent acts, but this is not generally done except by just a few small fringe advocacy groups., e.g., Wounded in America, who for example states, “Gun violence is defined as gun suicides and attempts, gun assaults and homicides, and gun accidents.” Note the total omission of “crime” here, and criminals, with instead the focus on “guns” themselves being bad. It is worth noting that this is not a reliable and verifiable source, being but a self-published private website. Yaf (talk) 19:55, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Why focus just on "legal definition". Except, I am guessing, that it mirrors the hypothesis that persons carrying their own guns is a good thing in society to defend against crime. Calling suicide a crime is laughable, and appears to be a contrived argument by you to suppress coverage of the true weight of suicide gun violence. When has a suicide victim been prosecuted for a crime?
* I welcome your question about sources, will you agree to an open discussion of this? Your lead sentence seems to be researched by doing Google searches repeatedly until you find one that matches the point of view you want to push. Are your sources really a defunct website from an obscure Michigan gun violence organization visible only at archive.org and The Beaver County Times? Come on! Lets use some more or less neutral mainstream reliable sourcing while writing this article, scholarly works published by well respected publishing houses, ideally from major universities. Let us first read the sources, and then craft an article that matches the sourcing. You appear to put your personal opinion first, then you search Google for sourcing that matches your advocacy for your POV.
* As a start, lets look at some books. Perhaps Gun Violence by Philip Cook ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>842 published 2002 by Oxford University Press? Will you agree to read that book with me and then lets get together and write an article based on neutrality balance found in mainstream quality reliable sourcing? SaltyBoatr (talk) 19:48, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Hardly a laughable matter. Suicide is a punishable felony crime in North and South Dakota. (They are unique, to the best of my knowledge, in this. Don't ask me how they actually prosecute this felony crime, though :-) Suicide is a misdemeanor crime, although not a felony, in most states. Assisted suicide is a crime in most states. Suicide is also a mortal sin in many religions, and is the equivalent of a felony in many areas where religious law is the law of the land. Yaf (talk) 20:06, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf are you willing to approach this article by reading a book together, like the Philip Cook book published by Oxford University Press, and patterning the POV balance roughly based on the book? I see that that book 'ex library' sells for $1 on the used book market, (just mailed ordered away for my own shelf copy). This would be vastly preferable to taking our own personal POV and then doing Google searches to find cites which match a personal POV advocacy position. Do you agree? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:11, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* It's not a very good book, the authors being caught up in pushing a false factoid throughout the book. There is a good reason it only costs $1 on the used market :-) Still, it has some interesting points. A more mainstream book, one not pushing the extreme gun control viewpoint, would be much better for you to read, if you really are interested in a balanced approach. Yaf (talk) 21:14, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* 'False factoid' being published by Oxford University Press. OK, and you cite this as 'fact' based on an opinion piece written by Paul Blackman who works for the National Rifle Association. No wonder this article has NPOV problems! SaltyBoatr (talk) 21:31, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* I didn't say it wasn't considered reliable and verifiable. Only that it is extremely biased to the pro-gun control side of the ledger. If that is what you consider to be balanced, read it. But, this is clearly another example of you pushing a mainstream point of view out of the article, while focusing yet again on extreme anti-gun rights viewpoints. This is clearly not the right book for you to read if you truly are interested in a balanced point of view. Would you think I were proposing a balanced treatment if I proposed you read a book by Wayne LaPierre for representing a balanced point of view? You undoubtedly could easily find a Paul Helmke piece critical of every book that Wayne has published, too. No wonder this article is perceived by you to have NPOV problems. You only read books from one side of the ledger. Yaf (talk) 21:43, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
* That is the difference. You conclude that the book "is extremely biased" after reading an opinion piece published by Paul Blackman who works for the National Rifle Association. I am willing to first read the book, (coming now in the mail), and read a few other books yet to be chosen and then form an opinion whether the book is biased. I am willing to read books across the spectrum of POVs. Yaf, can you suggest a reading list of books which span the full spectrum of POV's on this topic? SaltyBoatr (talk) 14:08, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, there is a difference, in that I read this book once, back when it first came out, and I haven't tried to push its one factoid or its extremely biased POV into articles on Wikipedia while portraying it as "balanced". (I don't currently have a copy, having seen no need to keep a copy, much the same as the libraries that are getting rid of theirs for $1 each seem to be following as well.) I added a cite to a reference in my comment, above, showing a similar opinion to what I had felt while reading it, knowing full well your tendency to assume bad faith and accuse others of quoting gun-blogs for their opinions and presumably being unable to read books. (There are lots of fairly well-read editors here on Wikipedia, contrary to your continued accusations.) I, too, have read books across the spectrum, probably most of the books that have been in print on this topic at some time in the last 20 years, as well as many if not most of the books on the topic back through the early 1900's, along with court case transcripts dating back to before the mid-1830's. If an editor wishes to become more informed, he should read a wide range of books and sources, not just the books from one side of the issue such as this one. (And, you really should stop trying to portray books from just one side of the divide as representing the "bulk of the reliable sources".) Yaf (talk) 16:46, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Asking again: Yaf, can you suggest a reading list of books which span the full spectrum of POV's on this topic? SaltyBoatr (talk) 17:21, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* How about the book by Alexander DeConde, Gun violence in America, published 2001 by Northeastern University Press ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER> ? SaltyBoatr (talk) 16:31, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* It's but another book from the same point of view, but additionally containing much support for the fraudulent Michael Bellesiles and his book, Arming America. The books you have proposed are hardly from a broad spectrum :-) But, if you haven't read it, it is worth a quick read, too, to understand the one side of the ledger better. And, knowing your preferences/bias, you probably will enjoy it! (I didn't, though.) Yaf (talk) 17:12, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* This book is biased too, based on the opinion piece published by the www.sacfla.org political advocacy blog. OK. Can you please suggest a specific list of reliable sources span both sides of the ledger? SaltyBoatr (talk) 17:29, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* And, yet again, you assume bad faith. As I said previously, I didn't enjoy this book. And, I didn't enjoy reading the Arming America book by Bellesiles when it came out, either, being it was obviously full of statements that went counter to my own readings of historical records. As for suggesting a summer reading list, WP:NOTDIRECTORY, and this includes talk pages. Read 'em all, I would suggest, or as many as you can find, buy, borrow, etc.. But, be sure to read books from across the spectrum, not just more books from the anti-gun side of the ledger as you seem so wont to do. Yaf (talk) 17:38, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Sorry, you misunderstood me. I am trying to negotiate with you a list of the prominent reliable sources representing fairly the full spectrum of opinion on this topic. This is needed in order to properly represent the balance of opinion found in reliable sources. See NPOV which requires us to write neutrally "in proportion to prominence". The first step of that process is to survey the sources. Hence my question of you to describe the available reliable sourcing. Until we answer that question we cannot do the work needed to remove the NPOV warning tag on the article. So, I ask again: Can you please suggest a specific list of reliable sources spanning both sides of the POV ledger? SaltyBoatr (talk) 18:04, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf? Will you answer my question? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:35, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
There remains huge POV push problems with the lede sentence and lede paragraph. Contrast the article lede paragraph with the definition of the term "gun violence" given by Greg Lee Carter on page 262 of the book Guns in American Society ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>684. Greg Carter attempts to define the term, and takes the bull by the horns by declaring loud and clear that the term "gun violence" is used politically by gun control advocates "politically speaking" to summarize the harm caused by gun misuse. We should stop dancing around this key point. The definition of the term is central to the politics. Any attempt we make to hide that axiom is skirting the central issue of this topic. The other side of the coin is that gun-rights advocates seek to emphasis the issue of criminal use of guns, because it bolsters their preferred hypothesis (see the published work by Gary Kleck, and others) that carrying of guns by law abiding citizens is good for society because it deters crime. SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:35, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Seeing no objection, and being WP:BOLD, I just floated a rewritten opening paragraph based on the Carter summary definition, and added a POV balancing sentence drawn from Hemenway to paragraph two. SaltyBoatr (talk) 21:58, 12 April 2009 (UTC)
* while i didn't perform the revert of your BRD new text, i support it, if only because it was very carelessly written, with a number of mispelled words, and bad grammar. please use greater care when publishing to the public article.
* further, your text made characterizations which i'm not sure are in the sources used (not sure simply because i haven't read the sources). did the sources actually claim that it was only gun rights advocates who hold these opinions? talk-page OR here, but i've heard people who were certainly not gun rights advocates also take issue with the 'gun violence' term, along with the rampant news reporting jingo "so and so was killed by a gun". it's not only gun rights advocates who are bothered by such nomenclature.Anastrophe (talk) 01:34, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
False and misleading claim in "Homicides by country" section
The pre-amble to the data in the "Homicides by country" section includes the following claim:
* "Unlike the practice seen in the US, homicide rates in the UK are ultimately a manner of ruling, rather than death, such that a death initially recorded as a homicide may subsequently be ruled as being other than a homicide. This methodology tends to lower the homicide rate from the rates initially estimated as more accurate details come out on deaths in most cases."
Going back to the UN source data, the numbers of homicides quoted for England and Wales are:
* 1998 - 750
* 1999 - 766
* 2000 - 850
The 2001/02 Home Office statistical bulletin on Homicide and Firearms Crime (page 7, Table 1.01) states that the offences "initially recorded as homicide" for financial years were:
* 1998/99 - 744
* 1999/00 - 763
* 2000/01 - 849
The same table shows that the offences "currently recorded as homicide" for the same years were:
* 1998/99 - 652
* 1999/00 - 682
* 2000/01 - 783
It is self-evident that the data used by the UN is far more closely based on the "initially recorded" figures (in fact, slightly higher) and not the adjusted "currently recorded" ones, so it is highly misleading to cover the issue in the pre-amble as it is. I am therefore deleting the misleading text. Nick Cooper (talk) 19:09, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* It is Original Research to dispute cited data using original sources, as above. This "false and misleading claim" statement is cited. Do you have another source that claims a different practice is followed in the UK? Yaf (talk) 19:17, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* We do not need "another source," since the Home Office statistical bulletins clearly publish both "initially recorded" and "currently recorded" figures, and the UN data we use for the table is clearly based on the former, not the latter. In fact, as they are actually slightly higher, it is a nonsense to include text which suggests that the E&W figures have been reduced by some sort of statistical sleight-of-hand. Nick Cooper (talk) 19:21, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* But, the "currently recorded as homicide" numbers are noticeably lower than the "initially recorded as homicide" numbers. This exactly follows the cited article text that you removed. Looks like the cited article text you removed is more accurate than your Original Research interpretation of the data. Yaf (talk) 19:35, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, the "currently recorded" are lower than the "initially recorded," but both are published in parallel. More importantly, it is clear that the UN-sourced data is based on the "initially recorded" data, so it is misleading to have text in the pre-amble which has a high potential for misleading the reader into thinking that the figures that follow are so adjusted "currently recorded" ones. Nick Cooper (talk) 20:24, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
* So, the real question is whether we have the right sourced data in the table. If the "massaged" data are the real data, shouldn't we find another source for the tabular data, that reflects actual UK historical data ("massaged" down and all)? Why should we go with the initial, inaccurate data? Yaf (talk) 20:38, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
Coming from the Third Opinion page: I agree with Nick Cooper here. The previous text was definitely misleading. At some point we must ask ourselves, do we want to be factual and accurate to the truth, or do we want to mislead people with technically acceptable, but misleading information. I think sanity, fairness, and reality overrule any other argument here. Todavia no se (talk) 19:46, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
definition of "gun violence"
This revert by Yaf 23:27, 12 April 2009 with the edit summary "rv per WP:BRD cycle; law enforcement, hunting, and legal gun uses are not gun violence" seems wildly off base.
1) rv per WP:BRD cycle? - Yaf's revert was a wholesale revert versus an incremental revert and was not accompanied by or followed up by any discussion. How is this WP:BRD? Rather, it has appearance of edit warring.
2) The Yaf revert deleted the relevant reliable sourced citation, which shows that gun violence is defined as including governmental, quasi-governmental, law enforcement, hunting, and legal gun uses. Therefore, just how are then 'not' forms of gun violence?
Yaf, please explain this odd behavior. SaltyBoatr (talk) 18:55, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
* Nothing odd at all here. You made a Bold edit, which I Reverted. Now, we are Discussing. By definition, this is the essence of WP:BRD. The primary issue with the Bold proposal you made was that it was representative of but one side of the debate. Yet, there were cites that established the other side of the debate which were removed in the Bold proposal you made. The article text should be neutral, not representative of but one side of the divide. Hence the reason for the Revert. I did add your cite to the "may include" side of the debate, however. Yaf (talk) 19:21, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
* OK then. Can you suggest a compromise? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:16, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf, iF we are going to WP:BRD discuss this, then let us discuss this. SaltyBoatr (talk) 14:11, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* chiming in here: i've never heard the term "gun violence" applied - in common/popular vernacular - to hunting, or to the actions of law enforcement. it is widely and uniformely used - in popular media such as newspapers, television news, magazine articles, etc. - to refer to criminal violence employing guns. without exception. the term, as is pointed out in the article, is a political/social advocacy construct. there is no dictionary definition for it. that one or two authors have conflated hunting and non-criminal employment of firearms with "gun violence" doesn't really validate the suggestion that it has this broader meaning. further, i think it clouds the understanding of the term to use these fringe definitions. Anastrophe (talk) 15:54, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Do you dispute that the Carter book is a reliable source? Do you really find the definition that Yaf deleted, taken almost verbatim from Carter: "Gun violence defined literally means the use of a firearm to threaten or inflict violence or harm." to be fringe? It seems to cover both sides of the POV well. SaltyBoatr (talk) 16:02, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf also deleted this sentence based on Carter: "The term 'gun violence' is also used politically within context of the debate surrounding gun politics to describe the harm inflicted by gun misuse." Judging from Anastrophe comment "without exception...the term is a political/social construct", I am assuming you favor the the Carter based "used politically within" sentence which Yaf deleted. SaltyBoatr (talk) 16:06, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* as long as the fringe definition that wraps hunting, law enforcement, and justifiable defensive uses into it is excluded (per wp:fringe) i have no problem with the material. Anastrophe (talk) 16:25, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Ditto. Yaf (talk) 16:36, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* In order to know whether WP:Fringe applies here we need to know if your selection of "newspapers, television news, magazine articles" are representative and reliable. Which "newspapers, television news, and magazine articles" have you surveyed to make your determination? SaltyBoatr (talk) 16:41, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* One reason I ask is that I suspect that you two are not reading the feminist press. When I look I see a bookshelf full of books discussing the gun violence aspects of hunting in context of societal violence. As just one example, this book published by Indiana University Press,ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>159, solidly a reliable source and clearly not fringe, makes the strong association that gun violence during hunting as a relevant form of gun violence. Perhaps you two are systemically biased by your gender, and your subconsciously biased choice of newspapers, TV and magazines? SaltyBoatr (talk) 17:06, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* perhaps you could avoid personalizing your arguments, making grossly inappropriate suggestions of bias, and dime-store psychoanalyzing of our subconscious? how about avoiding all speculation about your fellow editors, pretty please? it's uncivil to do so, and you violate this policy time and time again. and please - spare me the nth iteration of 'but you haven't answered my question, so all i can do is speculate!'. no, failure to answer your questions is not justification for speculation. speculating about me or other of your fellow editors bias is violative of AGF. simply. don't. do. it. PLEASE.
* that said, merely being published in a reliable source is but one leg of a structure that's required for the material to be represented within article space, as you well know. this is an obscure anthology, certainly not representative of mainstream POV's. your linked quote doesn't support your argument, by the way.
* i occasionally watch local and national evening television news, to wit KRON, KTVU, KPIX, KGO, and ABC, NBC, and CBS news. i gave up newspapers years ago, though my wife still reads the local paper. i get my daily news fixes from AP and Reuters. the only paper magazines i read regularly any more are CPU and Wired, betraying my bias for technology. there's your answer. i think it's shockingly free of bias, but what do i know - my brain is all clouded by gender bias, apparently. Anastrophe (talk) 07:08, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yesterday you based your reasoning as to 'fringe definition' on what you saw in mainstream newspapers. Today you say you gave up newspapers years ago. Faced with that inconsistency, is very hard to assume good faith. It is also hard to collaborate to achieve a good article here. In light of this inconsistency, may I now conclude that what you wrote yesterday is voided by what you wrote today? SaltyBoatr (talk) 14:48, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* a purely ridiculous claim. please reread exactly - and carefully - what you just linked to. to wit "it is widely and uniformely used - in popular media such as newspapers, television news, magazine articles, etc.". i gave up reading newspapers daily years ago, that doesn't mean that i don't occasionally read newspaper content, nor does it mean that newspaper content isn't available online, nor was my statement predicated on my regular reading of only newspapers. are you familiar with the concept of 'examples'? that's how i phrased it - 'in popular media such as '. can you point to any mainstream media that is referring to hunting when speaking of gun violence? jesus, stop with the tendentious badgering and wikilawyering, it's impossible to collaborate with you. Anastrophe (talk) 15:24, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* i'm sorry, i'm really pissed off about this. salty, this is textbook bad faith on your part. you suggest that because i don't read daily paper media, that my claim is void? even though i provided you with exactly what you requested an answer to, a listing of my mainstream news sources. are you suggesting that AP and Reuters aren't mainstream news sources? that they're unreliable? that the AP and Reuters content online is somehow a direct feed into the evil NRA's byline, while the paper versions of the same information are pure as the driven snow? this is absurd. no, you may not conclude that what i wrote yesterday is void, what you may do is stop bickering, badgering, wikilawyering, personalizing, and displaying bad faith at every juncture, and try to collaborate. you've so far cited one obscure anthology of feminist writings. you're seriously going to claim that this one fringe source (or your other fringe vegan and feminist sources) trump the near daily vernacular usage of the term 'gun violence' to refer to people criminally harming other people with guns? this isn't collaboration, it's obstructionism. Anastrophe (talk) 15:40, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* You are claiming WP:Fringe as your justification. Yet, you are very vague at how you reach that opinion. When I asked for specifics, you remain vague, and shift to the theme of personal outrage. Can you suggest another way to put metrics to your claim of WP:Fringe? Or, shall we just go with your personal opinion about this? Or, would you prefer to not talk any more about your assertion of WP:Fringe and instead talk about your personal offense taken mixed with smears pointed at me? Which shall we discuss here? SaltyBoatr (talk) 15:58, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* WP:SOUP. my outrage is due to your bad faith misrepresentation of what i wrote. you won't be getting an apology for that one, and frankly i'm about ready to move for sanctions - i'm on firm ground here, whereas your misrepresentation above is quintessential bad faith. i answered your question, and there's nothing vague about it. i stand by my assessment of your source as fringe. now, can you point to mainstream sources that are referring to hunting when speaking of gun violence? the burden is upon you to provide mainstream reliable sources that use this term with the meaning you suggest. or, here's a thought, we could stop wikilawyering this matter and use common sense, and use the mainstream definition that you know as well as i do, which is what is being referred to by the political/advocacy term 'gun violence' - criminal use of guns to harm people. do any advocacy groups - CSGV, brady, etc - use the term gun violence to refer to hunting? do mainstream newspapers, magazines, television news, etc etc etc etc mean hunting when they say 'gun violence'? no. you know this. please stop playing the bickering, tendentious, wikilawyering, badgering game - and collaborate. provide non-fringe sources to justify what you claim. please stop behaving like a troll. Anastrophe (talk) 16:33, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
(outdent) still awaiting your mainstream sourcing that contradicts anything i've written. frankly, i've no idea why fringe sources are even being mentioned. vegans and radical feminists make up a tiny proportion of the population - vegans less than 1% of the US population, feminists less than 25% of the US population, radical feminists a tiny fraction of that. classic fringe opinions. granted, this isn't a US-specific article, there's a significant vegan population in India. do they refer to hunting or law enforcement use or military use of guns as "gun violence" in their mainstream sources? Anastrophe (talk) 19:57, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf, Anastrophe, can we keep discussing this to reach a conclusion? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:35, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* According to Jimbo Wales:
* I see no evidence that both sides accept that hunting, or law enforcement in general, or other legal and long-accepted activities (e.g., right of self defense where legal) are considered gun violence by both sides. Looks like the classic definition of WP:Fringe to me, to equate gun violence with legal and long-considered mainstream accepted activities. From Jimbo's view, it looks like this is a classic case for omission, or no additional content, being that there is already content (cited) in the article that gun violence "may" or "may not" include legal activities. Even this inclusion, that it "may" include legal activities, is beyond what Jimbo has advocated. Doesn't look like there is any remaining issue, with the appearance of us having already reached a conclusion. Yaf (talk) 20:50, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* A central question that remains unanswered is what 'newspapers, TV and magazines' are you using to determine what is mainstream? The problem appears to be that your view of mainstream is not actually a true view of mainstream. So, please reveal what we should be using to determine 'mainstream'. Bear in mind that I have pointed to two scholarly books solidly reliable sources. I could give you a dozen more, would that pass your "fringe" threshold? Is your 'fringe' test subjective or objective? SaltyBoatr (talk) 20:59, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* Regarding the Jimbo "the minority view presented in such a fashion that both sides could agree to it". It seems that both sides could agree with a statement along the line, that "some people, including vegans and feminists, hold the view that hunting is a form of gun violence" or some such. You cannot be disputing that some people hold a view that gun violence includes hunting can you? SaltyBoatr (talk) 21:03, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* 'some people' isn't the test however. are we talking mainstream vegans and feminists, or extreme vegans and radical feminists? one could argue that veganism and feminism - which are both for the most part outside of the mainstream - don't represent even minority POV's here.
* virtually every major gun-control advocacy group claims support for curbing "gun violence" while claiming to support the 'right' to hunt. do the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence and Coalition to Stop Gun Violence consider hunting, law enforcement use, governmental and quasi-governmental actions part of their drive to stop 'gun violence'? no. that's the mainstream gun-control view on the matter. Anastrophe (talk) 02:10, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Yaf also deleted the wording that governmental and quasi-governmental actions such as war and ethnic cleansing are a form of gun violence. Is this controversial? Why did you delete that Yaf? SaltyBoatr (talk) 21:06, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* This was deleted on the basis that it was original research. Consider for example the Rwandan ethnic cleansing with machetes. There are also chemical/biological weapons, fires that burn villages, etc. War and ethnic cleansing are not "gun violence" in many (most?) cases; equating them with gun violence is definitely OR. -- Yaf (talk) 21:19, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
* How could it be considered original research? Explain yourself. It is taken as a close paraphrase from the Carter book ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>684 page 262. Do you dispute that book qualifies as a WP:RS? SaltyBoatr (talk) 01:44, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
* Yaf, could you please answer my questions? Thanks. SaltyBoatr (talk) 14:43, 15 April 2009 (UTC)
Evidently false report by The Observer re gun crime in Manchester
Another strange claim comes from the Observer article which claims that the gun murder rate in 3 suburbs of Manchester have a gun murder rate of 140 per 100,000. Which is statistically highly improbable because the population of those 3 areas is 35,916 which means an annual gun death in those 3 small districts of about 50 people per year. HOWEVER, THE TOTAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE KILLED BY A FIREARM IN THE WHOLE OF ENGLAND AND WALES (pop. 53.4 million) IS ALSO ABOUT 50 PER YEAR! Which means almost nobody gets murdered with a gun outside those 3 districts! I can only conclude that the Observer has its statistical knickers in a twist. Again, we should delete it because it patently cannot be true.--Hauskalainen (talk) 02:25, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* I tend to believe the latter, namely, that the majority of all homicides in the whole of England and Wales does tend to occur in this rather small part of Manchester, which is but a small part of Manchester that in totality some call "The Second City". This would tend to agree with the 0.09/100,000 rate that some sources claim in the rest of England and Wales. Admittedly, this is just speculation, and has no real bearing, of course. Based on the ethnicity makeup of these 3 areas, though, and the countries of origin of the immigrants, it does tend to track, in that people tend to continue the customs from whence they come, after immigration, and the points of origin also have high homicide rates. Hence, Manchester's nickname of "Gunchester". It agrees, too, with stories I have heard. None of this is acceptable, of course, for use in the article, as Original research has no place in Wikipedia. The goal of Wikipedia is verifiability. The current source is cited and is reliable and is verifiable. If alternative information is found, from reliable and verifiable sources, then that would be fine too, as would any indication that the problems have lessened since 2002. I sincerely hope that they have. In the US, homicide rates have noticeably lessened since 2002. Perhaps they have in these parts of Manchester, too. Truth is not the ultimate authority on Wikipedia; and, yes, I tend to have problems with this policy, too. Rather, verifiability is the watchword on Wikipedia. Lets hope we find verifiable data from reliable sources that indicate the problems in these parts of Manchester have lessened since 2002. I will look as well. Yaf (talk) 03:10, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* A 2002 report on gun violence in Manchester, the Home Office reported (for a large part of Southern Greater Manchester) that there were 46 known victims of gun crime in the region, of which nine had been shot dead. see Victims (page 19) at http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs2/crrs13.pdf There were 29 gun related deaths between 1997-2000 (table 5 page 36). The data covers not the entire Greater Manchester area, but a substantial part of it (a large swathe of Southern Manchester, including all 3 areas mentioned in the Observer report. So 140/100k seems way to high. Another report http://www.crimeandjustice.org.uk/opus713/ccjs_gun_crime_report.pdf shows that gun crime did show a falling trend after 2002 but a rise before then. Three reasons for the rise in the presence of guns are suggested from ballistics testing. 1) souvenir (or worse, official army issue) guns coming back from Afghanistan and Iraq. 2) Guns no longer needed in Northern Ireland being sold on the mainland and 3) Guns coming from Eastern Europe and Russia now that there is more contact with these countries where weapons were prevalent. A lot of work as gone into programs to cut gun violence and the falling numbers are a positive sig. Are you OK now if I delete the reference? These data do not support the Observer report. --Hauskalainen (talk) 06:12, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* In addition, it's worth noting the regional breakdown in the Home Office report I've referenced below (Table 1.13, page 34). This shows homicides in Greater Manchester running at between 52 & 56 for the last four years; the anomalous high figure for 2002/03 includes 172 victims of Harold Shipman - without them it would have been 52. Nick Cooper (talk) 11:29, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* Malcom's "massage down" claim is highly misleading, bordering on being wilfully so. In its statistical bulletins on homicide, the Home Office actually provides two sets of figures: "offences initially recorded as homicide," and "offences currently recorded as homicide" (my emphasis). The most recent exmaple is here, with Table 1.01 (page 18) showing both together in columns 1 & 3 respectively. Nick Cooper (talk) 10:47, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* True. And of course the reverse is true. Presumably if a suicide in the US is later discovered to be a murder, so this issue rubs both ways. As to regional homicide data, of course it is unlikely that all the homicides in GM will involve a firearm. Typically in the UK firearms are implicated in eight percent of murders. No doubt that rate will be higher in a few parts of GM but overal it is unlikely to be 100 percent. And GM is a huge area, encompassing not just the city of Manchester, but also large towns such as Rochdale, Stockport, Bolton, Wigan, Salford and Oldham.--Hauskalainen (talk) 17:15, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* Very interesting points. Have attempted to address all of the potential NPOV sticking points in my latest edits. Comments? Are there still issues? Yaf (talk) 17:45, 13 March 2009 (UTC)
* Yes, there is still the huge issue with the claimed rates for Greater Manchester and specifically Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme. The Observer text runs:
* "Despite recent slight falls in the levels of gun crime, inner south Manchester remains one of the most dangerous parts of the country. In 2002 the firearms murder rate for England and Wales was 0.09 per 100,000 head of population, compared with 5.4 per 100,000 for the US.
* "In Greater Manchester the rate was to 10 per 100,000, while in Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme it was 140 per 100,000."
* According to the page history, Greater Manchester had an estimated 2002 population of 2,513,468. If the firearms homicide rate really was 10 per 100,000 that would suggest 251 homicides with firearms, which would be pretty spectacular given that the Home Office's bulletin covering homicide and firearms crime for 2002/03 says (Table 1.03, page 11) that only 58 people were fatally shot in the whole of England & Wales for that year! 2001 Census figures show the following population:
* Longsight - 16,007
* Moss Side - 10,977
* Hulme - 8,932
* TOTAL = 35,916
* As Hauskalainen notes, if these had a firearms homicide rate of 140 per 100,000 it would account for 50 deaths. The aforementioned Home Office bulletin doesn't tabulate homicides by police force area, but the following year's (i.e. 2003/04 - ) does, and includes the 2002/03 numbers. This shows total homcides in Greater Manchester as 224 in 2002/03 and 55 in 2004/05. However, the 224 includes 172 victims of Shipmen, so would have been 52 otherwise. The inescapable conclusion is that the figures quoted by the Observer are clearly wrong, as the one for Greater Manchester exceeds that for all homicides in the region including Shipman's anomalous 172, while the three sub-areas would account for the bulk of both the non-Shipman killings in that area and firearms homicides in the whole country. Although the Observer is a reputable source, we simply cannot rely on figures that are self-evidently wrong, so I am deleting them. Nick Cooper (talk) 12:51, 16 March 2009 (UTC)
* All original research. You are confusing rates with varying choices of population areas. You chose the entire area, not the area where the rate was found. The rate is 1.4 per 1,000 in the original Operation Chrome report, subsequently reported in the Home Office paper that I have just added the cite for; this equates to 140 per 100,000 when converted into the normal statistical norm of per 100,000. Have restored the properly cited information, based on finding not one, but two sources, that agree exactly on the rate of 140 per 100,000. Yaf (talk) 20:00, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* Published Home Office and police statistics demonstrably refute the claims in the Observer article. The part of the Bullock/Tilley report you have quoted is talking about ALL shootings, not just homicides. It may well be that the Observer claim is based on a mis-reading of the same, but it is still wrong. This document clearly shows 224 homicides in Greater Manchester in the year in question, 172 of which were Shipman's victims, leaving 52 others. The idea that 50 of them could be fatal shootings and it not be a matter of wide media comment and record is utterly preposterous. Nick Cooper (talk) 21:33, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* You are again using Original Research in conflating the rate for the whole of Greater Manchester with the rate among sub-sets of the population. The original Operation Chrome reports were for individual sub-sets of communities in GM. The rate is correct at 1.4/1,000, or, converting to the common norm, 140/100,000. You are confusing rates with totals. Yaf (talk) 21:44, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* You are wrong. The numbers of GM homicdes (i.e. 224, 172 and 52) I quoted above are the actual numbers, not interpretions from rates, althouygh they do disprove the rates quoted in the Observer article. Nick Cooper (talk) 22:09, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* And, you are assuming that the 52 gun homicides were equally distributed over all of GM. They specifically were not. In the small areas where they were committed, the rate was 1.4/1000. Yaf (talk) 21:50, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* Wrong again. The part of the Tilley/Bullock report you have quoted is dealing with ALL shootings, not just homicides, and covers the four years from 1997 to 2000. The Observer piece referred to a single year (2002) only, so the figure are inherently incompatible. Nick Cooper (talk) 22:09, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* I am not saying that there were any specific numbers of gun homicides in GM or in the small areas within GM where the vast majority of gun homicides occur. I am just saying that there were gun homicide/murder rates of 1.4/1000 (140/100,000) in the small areas in GM where nearly all the gun homicides were committed. You are clearly doing Original Research in claiming that not one, but that two reliable sources are in error. Is there a need for a 3rd and a 4th cite, too, to prove that the rate at 140/100,000 is correct? You are arguing against the inclusion of article text that is properly cited with reliable sources, based on your assumption that the data are wrong because you know better than the reliable sources. This is not the way Wikipedia works. It is vandalism to remove properly cited content just because you disagree with the reliable sources. Yaf (talk) 22:25, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* Your two "reliable sources" are not compatible. The Observer article claims 140 homicides per 100,000 for a single year (2002) for Longsight, Moss Side, and Hulme; while the Tilley/Bullock report (page 16) is for all shootings (i.e. not just homicides) in a four year period (1997-2000) in Longsight and Greenheys (Hulme). As shown above, the Observer rates in relation to the known populations of the identified districts (i.e. Greater Manchester as a whole, and Longsight, Moss Side, and Hulme specifically) produce figures that are utterly incompatible with homicide statistics for England & Wales as a whole, and Greater Manchester in particular. If you want to rely on the Tilley/Bullock report, you must not only covert the rate to per 100,000, but also divide it by four. Nick Cooper (talk) 22:37, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* Read the report again. You are wrong. The peak rate was in 2002, and is the 140/100,000 rate. You are conflating the rate in a small area with the rate for the country as a whole. There is no incompatibility. Yaf (talk) 22:42, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
* No I'm not. I'm looking at the Observer report right now and it say:
* "In 2002 the firearms murder rate for England and Wales was 0.09 per 100,000 head of population, compared with 5.4 per 100,000 for the US.
* In Greater Manchester the rate was to 10 per 100,000, while in Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme it was 140 per 100,000."
* The implication is that the figures for Greater Manchester and Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme are for murders/homicides. The population of Greater Manchester in 2002 was 2,513,468 so the claimed 10/100,000 rate equates to a number of approximately 251. Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme have a collective population of 35,916 so the claimed 140/100,000 rate would equate to a number of 50. The Home Office statistical bulletin on Homicide and Gun Crime for 2003/04 clearly states in Table 1.13 (page 24) that there were 224 homicides as a whole in Greater Manchester and that 172 of them were victims of Shipman, leaving 52 others. The Homicide and Gun Crime statistical bulletin for 2002/03 shows (Table 2.13/page 55) that there were only 81 fatal shootings in that year in the whole of England and Wales, so clearly 251 could not have been shot dead in Greater Manchester. Likewise, if 50 of the actual 81 were commited in Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme, don't you think it would merit at least a mention to that effect? It would be so hugely against the national trend that someone would have to be seriously deluded to think that it would not be remarked upon, if it were true. The bottom line is that 251 were not shot dead in Greater Manchester in 2002/03, nor were 50 shot dead in Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme. Nick Cooper (talk) 00:00, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
No Yaf, Nick is right and you are wrong. And even if you were right (which you are not) I would seriously question the meaningfulness of murder statistics in very small areas. Taking an extreme example, if a resident in a street of 50 homes with 100 residents is murdered, the murder rate for that street would be 1 per 100 or 1000 per 100,000. Selectively choosing small parts even of big cities is not very meaningful statistically speaking. I suggest that you drop this one as the Observer report was not right about the Manchester figure and as Nick has already suggested, may well have mistaken the the "shootings" statistic of 1.4 per 1000 residents as equating to gun deaths. An easy mistake for a journalist to make if the deadline is pressing. I am sure we have all made similar mistakes ourselves here. If you continue to press for this by re-inserting it I am sure that Nick and I will continue to revert it. Why not take this to Editor Assistance for an independent view? --Hauskalainen (talk) 23:36, 18 March 2009 (UTC)
I have at long last received had a long and detailed re-mailed eply about this matter (the GM gun crime rate) and one other (allegations of massaging down of statistics) from the statistician at the Home Office responsible for the crime data. It is pleasing that our government can help out when asked for help. In essence, I can summarise this as being that for GM as a whole, the gun homicide rate has varied between 0.16 and 0.36 (between 4 and 9 shooting homicides per year over the period 2002-2008 (compared to 0.09 and 0.14 gun homicides per 10000 population for England and Wales). As to overall homicides, the Shipman murders are included in into the statistics on the year the crime was reported, not the year in which it happened. Thus there is a blip of excess homicides recorded in certain recent years reflecting the Shipman murders which actually happened over a much long period but only got reported in the year that the death was re-assigned to Shipman. On the Observer quotation she says
"The rates for Manchester do not, though, correspond with the figures quoted by the Observer in March 2004. And from the data collected centrally by the Home Office, it is not possible to show figures for more local levels such as Longsight, Moss Side and Hulme."
On the issue of "massaging statistics", the answer is simply that statistics published by the police are never changed, but those by the Home Office are amended (either up or down) as more accurate information becomes available.
"Section C of the current document, released in April 2009, shows the criteria that need to be satisfied before a force can ‘no crime’ an offence already recorded (http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/countrules.html).
Numbers of homicides are included on the general statistical data returns that the Home Office receives from each force in England and Wales. Forces are also required to provide us with demographic data and information about the circumstances surrounding each offence initially recorded as homicide on a separate return, which is stored on our Homicide Index. As with the ‘no criming’ process for the general stats return, forces may also apply for offences initially recorded as homicide to be no crimed from the Homicide Index if it becomes clear during the police investigation that no offence was committed, i.e. that the death was due to natural causes, an accident, was self-inflicted or where it becomes clear that no death occurred. Only a very small number of offences are no crimed from the Homicide Index each year.
The general police recorded crime figures that are published each July do not take into account the results of court proceedings. However, the Homicide Index does have the capacity to differentiate between offences initially and currently recorded as homicide. If, after further investigation, a force (in conjunction with the Crown Prosecution Service) considers a lesser offence to have taken place (e.g. assault, dangerous driving) rather than a homicide, they continue to provide us with information about the case, through to court proceedings, and the database will re-classify the case as ‘no longer recorded as homicide’. As you’ll note from table 1.01 of the most recent homicide chapter, between 80 and 125 cases per year have been re-classified in this way since 1983 (http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/hosb0209.pdf). Figures for later years tend to be lower since investigations and court proceedings may be ongoing, and may be revised upwards as further information is received."
I hope that settles the matter.--Hauskalainen (talk) 18:21, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
Removal of cited data
The following was copied from Yaf's talk page:
Kindly explain why WP:BRD applies to the reverts you made.
The article is about gun violence but you re-inserted material that is not about GUN violence but about violent crime in general. Violent crime may have risen in the UK but violent crime does not necessitate use of a gun. Indeed most violent crime in the UK will definitely not involve a gun, though that may be the case in the US (I am not sure).
Similarly the text about homicides in general. A homicide does not necessitate a gun. Hence the text you added back is irrelevant.
Your cite of WP:BRD in this instance is inappropriate. Please reconsider and revert the edit you made.--Hauskalainen (talk) 21:08, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
* WP:BRD is clearly appropriate, being that you made a bold deletion, I reverted, and now a discussion should take place. The table on the article below the text in question lists homicides. The prefatory text, that you removed, is entirely appropriate in identifying the limits of the data contained in the table of homicides, being that the rate given per each country is not indicative of the variances that exist in rates within each country. (Much the same as homicide statistics that apply in Manchester in the UK, versus across the country as a whole, are considerably higher in Manchester.) Removal of properly cited data to "massage" the message is not appropriate, although such "massage" is apparently common amongst UK statisticians, as noted by one of the references you removed. Neutral point of view does not mean "white-washed". It means that properly cited data, from reliable and verifiable sources, is needed. But, instead, you removed considerable cited content and that appears to be censorship. I therefore reverted this apparent "censorship". Yaf (talk) 20:09, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
* I was happy to leave the issue of variability in the article and actually did so. I don't think anyone doubts that within a country there will be variability from place to place. Its not a controversial statement. The rate of gun homicides in Greater Manchester is double that of the England and Wales average, which I would think was entirely within the realms of normal variation for a given country, so the describing it as "considerably higher" is wrong (as was the Observer article I guess you are alluding to). But you over exaggerate the effect of national variation. Manchester is, after Britain's third largest city and has a gun homicide rate of just 0.23 per 100,000 compared to New York's 7.3. New York, let me remind you has a relatively low number of homicides (it was way down in 50th place in the list of America's 73 least safe cities) which, assuming the US national statistic of guns causing 67% of all gun deaths, still makes Manchester 21 times safer in this regard than one of America's safest cities. The Home Office does not "massage" statistics, it records them accurately. As the Home Office statistician said, if a road accident victim is initially recorded by the police as the victim of a homicide but the person responsible is found guilty of the lesser charge of dangerous driving, it is quite right to re-classify the death. The Home Office simililarly "massaged upwards" (p.s. this is irony) to record the murders by Harold Shipman. This is merely more accurate reporting, not an exercise in massaging statistics.
* As for "massaging the message" that is what these references you added back do. They do not support the data in the table in any way, which is the prime reason I deleted them. But they do serve as means to an end.. the means being to use Wikipedia to convey messages that "gun crime and gun ownership rates are not linked and that Britain's statistics on gun deaths are inaccurate". Therefore, on the grounds of accuracy this was the secondary reason why I deleted those references. Those are pro-gun lobby arguments, and neither is true on the grand scale of things. Sure, there are exceptions such as Wyoming, but exceptions do not make the rule. In any case, the table IS accurate and does not really need a lot of explanation. We can make the points you wish to make without using references which tell subliminal tales. --Hauskalainen (talk) 01:21, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
End of content copied from Yaf's talk page.
Multiple editors need to discuss the proposed deletion of cited data. Discussions on one's talk page hardly constitutes consensus building to support removal of a major section with cited data in accordance with WP:BRD. Yaf (talk) 22:07, 7 May 2009 (UTC)
Have restored properly cited data, while also removing uncited claims. Also, the interpretation of absolute numbers of deaths was entirely false. Rates are more indicative of urban vs. rural risks, being that crime rates in general are down markedly in the US over the last decade. It is false to claim OR interpretations based upon absolute numbers of deaths in cities, for example, being that deaths in general are down. Additionally, there were no cites for the contentious material that was added. Original Research POV commentary is not appropriate for inclusion in this article, and all claims must be cited. Yaf (talk) 12:56, 8 May 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Larne gun-running
The Larne gun-running was a major gun smuggling operation organised in April 1914 in Ireland by Major Frederick H. Crawford and Captain Wilfrid Spender for the Ulster Unionist Council to equip the Ulster Volunteer Force. The operation involved the smuggling of almost 25,000 rifles and between 3 and 5 million rounds of ammunition from the German Empire, with the shipments landing in Larne, Donaghadee, and Bangor in the early hours between Friday 24 and Saturday 25 April 1914. The Larne gun-running may have been the first time in history that motor-vehicles were used "on a large scale for a military-purpose, and with striking success".
Background
In November 1910 the Ulster Unionist Council formed a secret committee to oversee the creation of a force in Ulster to fight against the imposition of Home Rule, which was proposed to give Ireland self-government within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Council approached Major Frederick H. Crawford to act as its agent to purchase the guns needed to equip such an organisation. Crawford wrote to five arms manufacturers, including the Austrian Steyr and the German Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken, seeking quotations for the purchase of 20,000 rifles and one million rounds of ammunition.
In January 1913, the Ulster Unionist Council instituted the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), consisting of men who had signed the Ulster Covenant. They wanted to co-ordinate the paramilitary activities of Ulster’s unionists, as well as to give military backing to the threats of the Ulster Covenant to resist implementation of the Third Home Rule Bill, which had been introduced on 11 April 1912 by Prime Minister H. H. Asquith. These threats had been regarded as a "gigantic game of bluff and blackmail" by Irish nationalist leader John Redmond. The British government took the threat of armed rebellion seriously: on 18 March 1914 orders were sent to Ireland to move troops and ships into position to guard arms depots and prevent the theft of weapons in Ulster. The Admiralty ordered that Carrickfergus Castle (a major military depot) be defended against attack with the use of Navy vessels as needed. When British Officers were notified of their transfer to duty in Ulster some decided to resign their commissions. Their actions were referred to as the Curragh incident or Curragh mutiny. On 30 March 1914 Winston Churchill made his feelings clear on the possibility of an armed rebellion in Ulster: "We have been confronted with an avowed conspiracy to defy Parliament and the law, leaving a great army practising preparations for rebellion and for the setting up of a provisional Government, which would be an outrage against the realm and the Empire."
UVF membership grew to around 90,000 members, led by retired officers of the British Army, with the organisation under the charge of Lieutenant-General Sir George Richardson KCB, a veteran of the Afghan Wars. By 1913 the UVF had over £1 million pledged to it, and £70,000 invested in attempts to import arms. Throughout 1913 Major Crawford, with the use of aliases and disguises, had attempted to smuggle in arms bought in Great Britain and Imperial Germany, but vigilant customs officials had seized the goods at the docks. In one instance, patrol boats thwarted a gun-running attempt to Carrigart in northern County Donegal carried out by Lord Leitrim. Lord Leitrim had been carrying out a weekly small-scale gun-smuggling operation since February 1913, run by his chauffeur.
In early June 1913, around seven thousand rifles being stored by Crawford in a disused inn in Hammersmith were seized by police. The inn was being rented out to Crawford by a brother-in-law of staunch Unionist Sir William Bull, 1st Baronet. One week later, with the intention of forcing the government to accept that there was a real risk of armed resistance to Home Rule in Ulster., Crawford openly transported weapons to Belfast from several locations across England. These were intercepted by customs officials,
Major Crawford convinced the Ulster Unionist Council that he could provide the weapons and ammunition needed "to equip the entire UVF". Money was made available to purchase the weapons and two ships to transport them. Funding apparently came from both British and Belfast Tory organizations, most senior Conservative leaders in London were aware of the plan. In early February 1914, Crawford met with Edward Carson (the Leader of the Ulster Unionist Party 1910-1921) in his home in London, Carson said "I'll see you through this business even if I should go to prison for it. You are the bravest man I have ever met."
Preparations and transport
Crawford secured the services of the SS Fanny to transport 216 tons of guns and ammunition which he had purchased from Benny Spiro, an arms dealer in Hamburg. Included in this cache was: 11,000 Mannlicher rifles brought from the Steyr works in Austria; 9,000 Gewehr 1888s; 4,600 Italian Vetterli-Vitali rifles; and 5 million rounds of ammunition in clips of five — much of which was transported from Hamburg via the Kiel Canal.
On 30 March 1914, these weapons were being loaded onto the steamship Fanny on the Baltic island of Langeland when Danish customs officials seized the papers of the ship. The customs officials suspected that the cargo might contain weapons to arm militant Icelandic home rulers who sought independence from Denmark. The SS Fanny managed to escape into a gale and sailed outside Danish territorial waters. In covering the incident on 1 April, The Times newspaper predicted that the guns were destined for Ulster rather than Iceland.
In a bid to evade the authorities as the Fanny neared Ireland, Major Crawford purchased the SS Clyde Valley in Glasgow. On 19–20 April off Tuskar Rock, County Wexford, the entire cache of weapons was transferred from the Fanny to the Clyde Valley. On 24 April, the Clyde Valley was renamed the "Mountjoy II", with the use of 6 ft strips of canvas painted with white letters on a black background. This referred to the Mountjoy that broke the boom across the River Foyle during the Siege of Derry in 1689, providing historic symbolism for unionists.
In Ulster, the UVF were given instructions for a full test-mobilisation. The UVF Motor Corps was summoned by the County Antrim commander, General Sir William Adair, and instructed as follows: "It is absolutely necessary that your cars should arrive at Larne in the night of Friday-Saturday 24th-25th instant at 1 a.m. punctually but not before that hour for a very secret and important duty..." This was all part of a "meticulous" and "elaborate" plan to ensure that the operation succeeded; only 12 people knew the full details and reason for the mobilisation of the UVF members. This was officially only a "test mobilisation". Captain F. Hall, the military secretary to the UVF, recorded details of these plans in a memorandum. These included tapping the private telephone line connecting Hollywood Barracks to Exchange, short-circuiting phone and telegraph wires into Larne after the last train, and "shorting" the main rail lines to force the signal system to halt train movements.
On the date of the landings, UVF members manned pickets and patrols along the length of the coast road between Belfast and Larne, as well as the roads leading to the towns of Ballyclare, Ballymena, and Glenarm amongst others. The men at these pickets were to give directions to any who needed them and were provided with reserve supplies of petrol and tools for repairing any vehicle that had problems. In Larne, UVF members wearing armlets stood "in line silent as soldiers on parade", and manned cordons that blocked the roads, preventing vehicles without a special permit from entering or departing Larne.
Captain James Craig took command of the operations in Bangor, with Adair taking command in Larne. Sir George Richardson, overall commander of the UVF, remained in Belfast on the night of the landings and was kept fully informed of proceedings by dispatch-riders.
Hoax and real landings
On the date for the UVF Motor Corps "test" operation, a decoy ship, the tramp steamer SS Balmerino, was dispatched into Belfast Lough as a decoy to attract attention from authorities, to investigate it for smuggled armaments, in what the UVF leadership called the Hoax.
In addition, the UVF arranged for a large truck to be waiting at the Belfast docks as if for an incoming load. The captain of the Balmerino ensured that by making his ship's approach as suspicious as possible, the authorities would be alerted. Once the ship was docked, the captain set about stalling the authorities for as long as possible with excuses, and the authorities believed that they had intercepted the real cargo. Eventually the authorities searched the ship's contents, discovering its papers were in order and it was carrying only coal as described.
Whilst this was happening, twenty miles away the "Mountjoy II" brought the real arms cache into Larne harbour unhindered. After the "Mountjoy II" docked, a motor-boat came alongside and cranes transferred thousands of rifles to it. After it had motored away, a second vessel came up to receive more arms. These vessels transported their loads to Donaghadee.
There the weapons were transferred to the motor vehicles; each batch was counted and its destination noted by counting clerks. Due to the volume of weapons, temporary arms-dumps had been set up in the surrounding districts so that the vehicles could return as quickly as possible to receive another load. The Belfast Evening Telegraph remarked that all present "put their backs into it" and that it "illustrated the old adage, 'One Volunteer is worth three pressed men'" and they "toiled like galley slaves". The local population of Larne were noted as having lined the streets exchanging salutes and running makeshift canteens to supply the workers with refreshments throughout the night.
At 5 am the Mountjoy set sail from Larne harbour for Bangor to unload the rest of its cargo. Three cheers for "The King" and three more for "the Volunteers" were let out by the ship's skipper and its crew as they stood to attention, with the cheers reportedly reciprocated by all those ashore.
By 8:30 am the "Mountjoy II" had completed its mission, and it set course for the River Clyde to confuse any coast-guards. On its way, crew cut away the canvas sheets bearing the name Mountjoy II, revealing the ship's real name, Clyde Valley, and it proceeded south along the Irish Sea. After offloading Major Crawford at Rosslare, County Wexford, the Clyde Valley set sail for the Baltic Sea, travelling along the coasts of France and Denmark. It rendezvoused with the Fanny to bring back the Ulstermen contingent of its crew. After that was done, the Fanny was disposed of at Hamburg.
Aftermath and consequences
One of the key figures in the operation was Captain Wilfrid Spender, a member of the UVF headquarters staff who is alleged to have been responsible for the entire scheme and helped in the Hoax masquerade. His wife recorded details of the landing in her diary for the dates 24–25 April: "... The whole proceedings are almost incredible, and nothing but the most perfect organisation, combined with the most perfect and loyal co-operation on the part of all concerned, could have carried it through without a single case of bloodshed..."
The Belfast Evening Telegraph reported on the events on 25 April: "...There was no rush or bustle in the doing of it. It was accomplished with celerity, yet without fuss or splutter, because it was done in pursuance of a well-formed plan, executed as perfectly as it had been preconceived...So exactly had this mobilisation been arranged that these hundreds of motors reached the assembly point at an identical moment. It was an amazing sight to see this huge procession of cars nearly three miles in length descending upon the town with all their headlights ablaze...."
For the Unionist leaders, the Larne gun-running was even more of a political coup than a military feat. The Ulster Volunteers remained inadequately armed, as the weapons shipment contained three types of weapon and insufficient proper ammunition for them. The Larne delivery markedly increased the amount of arms for the UVF. Many much smaller weapons purchases had resulted in the UVF as having just over 37,000 rifles by June 1914.
The Larne gun-running put the gun back into Irish politics. The Irish Volunteers had been working on their own plan to acquire weapons, and the success at Larne heightened nationalist suspicions that the authorities were acquiescent towards unionist militants in Ulster. After the events in Larne, the nationalist Irish Volunteers, formed in late 1913, attracted many new members.
At the outbreak of the First World War, the government requested all arms and ammunition of the UVF for the war effort. By 1916 the ammunition had largely been transferred, but none of the rifles. In 1920 after the outbreak of the Irish war of Independence, the rifles were used to arm the new Ulster Special Constabulary that was formed (by the same Wilfrid Spender). The USC was largely recruited from former Ulster Volunteers. In 1940 the rifles were released to arm the British Home Guard after the Battle of France. They were first fired in action during the East African Campaign of 1940-41, arming the militias of Haile Selassie I.
The Irish Volunteers arranged their own gun-running operation in July 1914, transporting the guns on a private yacht and unloading in daylight at the harbour, in front of a crowd. The Dublin Metropolitan Police (DMP), aided by troops of the 2nd King's Own Scottish Borderers, tried unsuccessfully to confiscate the weapons. On their return to their barracks in Dublin, some troops, baited by a hostile crowd, killed three people and wounded 38. A fourth man died later. Some nationalists interpreted the contrast between the inactivity of the police and military in Larne (which operation took place in the middle of the night) and the heavy-handed response in the middle of the day in Dublin that authorities were biased in favour of the UVF. The whole episode heightened tensions in Ireland, pulling it closer to the brink of civil war.
Representation in media
* The events of the Larne gun-running and the voyages of the SS Fanny and SS Clyde Valley are remembered in the loyalist songs, "Gunrunners" and "Gallant Clyde Valley". | WIKI |
SciELO - Scientific Electronic Library Online
vol.31 issue1Evaluation of nursing records on the physical examinationThe daily routine of women infected with HIV/AIDS: way of being in the face of the impossibility of breastfeeding author indexsubject indexarticles search
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Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem
On-line version ISSN 1983-1447
Abstract
BAGGIO, Maria Aparecida; BAZZI, Fernanda Cardoso da Silva and BILIBIO, Cassia Alcionara Conte. Peripherally inserted central catheter: description of its utilization in Neonatal and Pediatric ICU. Rev. Gaúcha Enferm. (Online) [online]. 2010, vol.31, n.1, pp. 70-76. ISSN 1983-1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1983-14472010000100010.
The purpose of this descriptive, retrospective, documental study is to describe the use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) in a neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit regarding their insertion, maintenance, and removal. This study also characterized the population which received the catheter through descriptive and statistical analysis of 176 instruments filled out by nurses, in a two year period. The population attended consisted of 125 patients, mainly premature (43.2%) and male (60%). The basilic and cephalic (43.2%) veins were primarily used for the insertion of a 1.9Fr (85.8%) catheter. The success rate was 98.9% in the punctures, but anticipated removal occurred due to obstruction (25%), infiltration (18%), suspected contamination (16,6%), traction (13,9%), rupture (11,2%), accidental removal (8,3%), phlebitis (4,2%), cyanosis (1,4%), and migration (1,4%), with an average period of permanence of 14.5 days. In order to maintain the catheter, professional education and preparation are required to qualify care.
Keywords : Catheterization, peripheral; Catheterization, central venous; Nursing care; Intensive care units; Pediatric nursing.
· abstract in Portuguese | Spanish · text in Portuguese · pdf in Portuguese
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Gustave Eiffel was born in Dijon in 1832 was a French Civil Engineer. He graduated from Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufacturers in 1855. He was famous for building several bridges for the railway network of France. But he is best known for designing and building of world famous Eiffel Tower in 1889. He also made contribution towards building of Statue of Liberty.
He was renowned for his metal structural work and his career took outstanding turn after building of Twin Edifices of The Porto Viaduct and The Garabit Viaduct in Central France.
Eiffel Tower in Making
Design of Eiffel Tower was firstly made by Emile Nouguier and Maurice Koechlin for 1889 Exposition Universelle.
Gustave Eiffel showed little interest in the tower but sanctioned funds for further studies. Maurice and Emile then asked Stephen Sauvestre to add decorative embellishments. Decorative arches at the base, glass pavilion at first level, cupola at the top enhanced grandeur of the project.
Gustave bought rights to patent on design and in 1887 got the contract for construction of the tower. One and a half million francs were granted for construction. The tower was estimated to be costing six and a half million francs. The money came from commercial exploitation of the tower during exhibitions for 20 years.
The structural work was completed on March 31, 1889 and Eiffel tower hosted a large tricolor flag of France in celebration.
Disaster in Career
In 1887 Gustave Eiffel agreed to build the locks of Panama Canal which resulted in one of the biggest scandal of the century. It greatly affected the aspirations of Gustave and brought change to his path.
In 1889, Compagnie du Canal, the canal construction company went into liquidation. Gustave Eiffel was accused for fraud and was sent to prison with a penalty of 2000 francs.
The ruling was later annulled by Cour de Cassation, highest appeal court in France. All accusations and charges were withdrawn and he was released. After the scandal Gustave submitted himself to academics and worked as a scientist for next thirty years of his life.
Gustave Eiffel died on December 27, 1923 at an age of 91 leaving behind legacy that embodies love for millions of people. | FINEWEB-EDU |
A quick guide to making your own supplements
Understand Your Needs
Understanding what you want or need to improve when it comes to your health is the first step to making your own supplements. Before you purchase anything, you should do your research into the potential ingredients you can purchase to support certain areas of your health. This will allow you to find the most sustainable, economical and effective products for your homemade supplements.
Get Your Ingredients
Once you know what you need, it is time to purchase the ingredients and any other materials required to process the materials for your homemade supplements. The great thing about making your own supplements is that you can add a range of ingredients that will benefit and support your health the way that you want it to. Bulk buying your ingredients will usually save you money in the future.
Choose Your Capsules
The next step to making your own supplements is choosing the capsules right for you. If you have specific dietary requirements, then you need to make sure you do your research into the capsules you are buying, and to purchase gelatin-free or vegetable-based capsules if you are vegan or vegetarian. It may be more expensive to begin with, but buying capsules in bulk saves money over the long haul.
Mix Your Ingredients
Now that you understand your needs, have your ingredients and have chosen your capsules, you will need to mix them. Certain materials will work better when taken with others and will improve the effects of the substances than if they were taken alone This is known as a synergistic reaction. The materials you buy will determine how to prepare them, so make sure you research this beforehand.
Filling a Capsule
As soon as your ingredients have been mixed together, you will need to fill your capsules, which is pretty simple. Before you start filling, you should open up the entire empty capsule first. This will make it easier to load them up later. Now they are all open, all you need to do is pour the powder or liquid into the capsule’s base. When joining the capsule together, press down on the top and lock it.
Capsules Vs. Tablets
This guide tells you how to make supplements in capsule form, but you can make them as tablets if you prefer to do so. The main issue with making your own supplements in tablet form is that you need a press in order to make it, which can be expensive. If you don’t mind paying for the equipment, but you can’t decide whether to make capsules or tablets, then you should explore the pros and cons.
Making your own supplements is easy enough as long as you have the time and energy to explore what is best for you. It may feel more expensive when you start, but with time, you will notice that making your own will save you money in the future.
7 Supplements That Help You Thrive on a Plant-Based Diet
#1. Calcium
Let’s start with calcium. There are many calcium-rich plant-based foods, but dairy is the main natural source, which means that vegans usually lack this essential nutrient in their diets. Calcium is required for the formation of bones, function of muscles, healthy blood pressure and nerve transmission. For your body to absorb it, you need to take it alongside vitamin D, which we will look into later. If you need to buy supplements, check out Future Kind as these are perfect for those living a vegan lifestyle.
#2. Iodine
Iodine is a trace mineral required for the optimal function of the thyroid. It is also a vital component of the thyroid hormone. This hormone is accountable for many enzymes, protein syntheses and the development of the nervous and skeletal system in babies. The main sources for iodine are dairy, fish and shellfish. If you follow a strict vegan diet, then you put yourself at risk of iodine deficiency. You can consume iodine through certain types of seaweed, but taking a supplement is recommended.
#3. Iron
Iron can be found in both animal and plant-based products. It is essential for carrying the correct levels of oxygen in your blood, creating new DNA, growth and is used in energy metabolism. There are two forms of iron; heme, which is from animals, and is more bioavailable in humans compared to non-heme iron (which is from plants). If you don’t consume enough iron, it can lead to fatigue and anemia, so as a vegan, you should definitely be taking iron supplements alongside cooking with iron-rich plant foods.
#4. Omega-3
Omega-3 fatty acids are important for the health and development of your nervous systems, brain and eyes. It is also a strong anti-inflammatory. There are many different types of omega-3s, but the three that we know the most about are docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Although some plant-based foods contain omega-3, the main source is oily fish. The human body cannot produce omega-3, so vegans must take it in supplement form.
#5. Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is naturally found in animal products, from meat, to eggs and dairy. This water-soluble vitamin supports the function of the nervous system and helps with the formation of red blood cells. Despite its water solubility, stores of vitamin B12 can circulate throughout the body for many years. This means that it can take up to five years to develop a deficiency. Even though it naturally occurs in animal products, vitamin B12 can be produced synthetically, so no cruelty needs to be involved.
#6. Vitamin D
When it comes to taking care of your immune function and bone health, consuming enough vitamin D is crucial. This vitamin is fat-soluble and acts as a hormone in your body. Its role is to promote the absorption of calcium, support the correct levels of blood pressure and a healthy heart. Vitamin D can be found in some food products, but its main source is the sun. Whether you eat meat or not, if you don’t spend 20-30 minutes in the sun each day, you should take a vitamin D supplement.
#7. Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that is required for the optimum function of the immune system. It also sustains your sense of taste and smell, growth and supports hormones. You cannot store zinc and your body needs it for over 100 enzyme reactions, so taking this mineral daily is critical. Zinc deficiency is fairly common in the US, especially amongst the vegan community. There are many vegan foods that contain zinc, but animal products aid absorption, so taking a supplement is advised.
Whether you do or don’t consume animal products, many people take supplements to support certain body functions and our health. If you are sticking to a plant-based diet, then taking daily supplements is more crucial, but in the grand scheme of things, it is not something that should put you off being a vegan. Always speak to your doctor or a nutritionist if you have any questions or concerns. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nutrition
Does Your Child Need Probiotics?
Bubs Australia
I’ve Heard About Gut Bacteria, But What Exactly Is It?
Living inside the digestive system are trillions of different types of bacteria. It’s thought that the first bacteria arrive in the gut at birth, growing in number and diversity until 3-4 years of age1. After this, the colonies mature and change throughout life, dependent on diet and lifestyle.
Why is Gut Bacteria So Important?
Gut bacteria play a significant role in your little one’s growth and development. Collectively they aid in digestion and gut health, enhance immunity, synthesise vitamins, making them an essential factor for wellbeing and healthy function.
What Are Probiotics?
Probiotics are live, beneficial strains of bacteria that help to maintain and enhance healthy flora in the digestive system, and support general health and wellbeing.
When Can I Give My Child A Probiotic Supplement?
While most gut bacteria come from our diet and environment, providing your little one with a boost from a probiotic can be valuable for their health and development.
Sometimes ‘bad’ bacteria can grow and cause an imbalance, leading to poorer health and sometimes illness. However, the good news is that balance can be re-established with a healthy diet and good quality probiotics for kids, specifically formulated for young ones.
Infant Probiotics Might Be A Good Option If:
1. Your Child Is A Fussy Eater
Fibrous vegetables, whole grains and other plant-based foods enhance the development of healthy gut bacteria, while processed foods can cause harmful bacteria to flourish. Unfortunately, many fussy-eaters lack the right amount of healthy foods in their diet, leading gut bacteria to become imbalanced. A children's probiotic can help quickly restore this balance, especially in the early years.
2. Your Child Has Been On Antibiotics
Sometimes when your little one is sick, they will need to take antibiotics to get on top of the infection. Unfortunately, antibiotics destroy good bacteria as well as harmful bacteria and can sometimes lead to an imbalance. A good quality children's probiotic can assist in restoring balance after antibiotic use.
3. Your Child Gets Sick Regularly
Healthy gut bacteria benefit immunity by boosting the immune response and minimising the growth of harmful bacteria. They also help strengthen the gut wall so microorganisms and large food molecules cannot pass across the digestive lining into the bloodstream and cause problems around the wider body. Clinical trials suggest probiotics may help reduce the incidence and duration of illness, including those of the upper respiratory tract, minimise antibiotic use, and reduce allergy and intolerance symptoms2.
4. Your Child Has Digestive Problems
The live microorganisms in probiotics support a healthy digestive system by strengthening the gut wall, enhancing nutrient uptake and protecting against inflammation. Reestablishing beneficial gut bacteria with infant probiotics may help restore healthy gut flora and reduce gastrointestinal symptoms, including irritation, diarrhoea and constipation.
¹ Stewart, C.J., Ajami, N.J., Petrosino, J.F. (2018). Temporal development of the gut microbiome in early childhood from the TEDDY study. Nature 562, 583-588
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0617-x#Abs1
² Sanders, M., Merenstein, D., Merrifield, C., & Hutkins, R. (2018). Probiotics for human use. Nutrition Bulletin, 43. 212-225
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nbu.12334
³ 14. Xiao, L., Ding, G., Ding, Y., Deng, C., Ze, X., Chen, L., Zhang, Y., Song, L., Yan, H., Liu, F., & Ben, X. (2017). Effect of probiotics on digestibility and immunity in infants. A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine 2017 Apr; 96(14): e5953.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5411182/
If you have a story about trying goat milk, send it to hello@bubsaustralia.com. We’d love to chat to you! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
THE CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE AND ST. PAUL RAILWAY COMPANY v. THE UNITED STATES.
No. 12361
April 16, 1883.
Tlie claimant corporation, a land-grant railroad, transported over its road officers and men of the Army with Indian prisoners, under a special contract made with the Quartermaster-General of the Army as to the price to he paid therefor; which price it was provided should not he reduced on account of the road having aland grant, that fact having been taken into consideration in m airing the contract. The company had been so paid tor tlie transportation of the Indians, but 50 per cent, of the amount due for transporting officers and men was retained.
The company also claimed payment for other transportation under a time contract at the rate specified therein, after Congress had passed an. act reducing the compensation of all land-grant roads for carrying the mails.
Held:
I.The Act of March 3, 1875, cb. 133 (18 Stat. L., 453, and 1 Suppl. Rev. Stat., 171),-took from the Quartermaster-General the power to agree upon rates of transportation on land-grant roads and conferred it upon this court.
II.The contract rates in this case being, in the opinion of the court, very near to those which the company would be entitled to under the rules heretofore laid down in other cases (15 C. Cls. R., 126, 428), the court adopted and allows them,' disregarding the slight difference between them as not to be cared for.
III.Upo'n the authority of the rulings of .the Supreme Court in the case óf the Chicago, Milwaulcee and Saint Paul Railroad Company (104 U. S. R., 687) and the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company (104 U. S. R., 680), the reduction of the rate of pay to land-grant roads by act of Congress did not apply to time contracts previously made with the Postmaster-General.
The following are the facts found by the court:
I. In November, 1877, the claimant transported three officers and sixty-eight men belonging to the Army of the United States, one interpreter, two hundred and sixty-seven adult Indian (Nez Percé) prisoners, and fifty-two Indian prisoners between the ages of five and twelve years, from Saint Paul, Minn., to Fort Leavenworth, Kans., by railroad.
And said transportation was had under a special contract made with the claimant by the Quartermaster-General at the following rates, namely: For each, adult, $10.84; for the children, $5.42 each; and with the condition that no deduction should be made on account of “ land grant, ” as the special rates given fell below the rates charged to the public after due allowance for land-grant distance.
II. The distance from Saint Paul to Fort Leavenworth by the route over which the transportation occurred, and which was the shortest route between those points by rail, was 542 miles, and the ordinary tariff or through rate for adults then charged was $19.70.
III. The claimant was the owner of but 141 miles of the railroad, namely, from Saint Paul to Mason City, Iowa, over which said transportation took place, and ran its cars the remainder of the distance to Fort Leavenworth by arrangement with the railroad companies owning such roads.
IY. Of the 141 miles of road belonging to the claimant, 113 miles thereof were built with the aid of a grant of lands by the United States upon the condition that the same should remain a public highway, free from toll or other charge upon the transportation of property and troops of the United States.
Y. The claimant has received from the Government compensation, at the coutraet rates, for the transportation of the Indian prisoners, and also 50 per cent, only of the contract rate for the transportation of the said officers, soldiers, and interpreter.
YI. The following contracts, numbered, respectively, 26009, 26010, and 27025, were made and entered into between the claimant and the defendants at the time of their respective dates:
No. 26009.
The article of contract, made the eight day of September, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, between the United States of America (acting in this behalf by the Postmaster-General) and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad company, by Alexander Mitchell, its president, and Alexander Mitchell and Sherburn S. Merrill, as sureties, witnesseth:
That whereas the said railroad company has been acceptod, according to law, as contractor for conveying the mail on route No. 26009, from Minneapolis (Minn.), by Minnehaha, Mendota, Rosemount, Farmington, Castle Rock, Northfield, Dnndas, Fairbault, Medford Clinton Falls, Owatonna, Aurora, Blooming Priarie, Lansing, Ramsey, Austin, Rose Creek, Adams, Taopi, Leroy, Chester (Iowa), Glen Roy, Lime Springs, Cresco, Conover, Calmar, Ossian, Castalia, Postville, Luana, Monona, and Beulah, to North. McGregor and hack six times a week, or as much oftener as trains may run, by a schedule satisfactory to the Department, at twenty thousand fourhun-•drecl and ninety-one and fifty hundreths dollars per year (being at tie rate •of ninety-five dollars per mile per annum) for and daring the term beginning July first, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine:
Now, therefore, the said Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Company, as contractor, and the said Alexander Mitchell and Sherburn S. Merrill, as sureties, do jomtly and severally undertake, covenant, and agree with the United States, and do bind themselves—
1st. That the mail (including British, Canada, and other foreign mails) shall be convoyed in a secure-and safe manner, free from wet or other injury, in a separate and convenient car, or apartment of a car, suitably fitted up, furnished, warmed, and lighted, under direction of the Post-Office Department, and to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General, or of his authorized agent, at the expense of the contractor, for the assorting and saef-keep-ing of the mails, and for the exclusive use of the Department and its mail agent, if the Department shall employ such agent; and' such agent is to be conveyed free of charge. When there is no agent of the Department the railroad company shall designate a suitable person, upon each train, to be sworn, to receive and take charge of the mails, and of way-bills aecom-paying and describing them, and duly deliver the same. And the mail ¡shall be taken from and delivered into the post-offices at the ends of the route, and also from and into the intermediate offices on the route, or that may hereafter bo established on the route, provided the latter are not over one-quarter of a mile from a depot or station, or from the railroad track when no station has been established.
2d. That if the company shall run a regular1 train of passenger cars more frequently than is required by the contract to carry the mail, the same increased frequency shall be given to the mail, and without increase of compensation, and the like as to the increase spoed of the mail trains, if desired by the Postmaster-General.
3d. That the company shall convey, free of charge, all mail-bags and post-office blanks; and also all accredited special agents of the Department, on exhibition of their credentials.
4th. That the company shall not, by itself nor by its agents, transmit nor be concerned in transmitting commercial intelligence more rapidly than by mail, nor carry out of the mail any letters not inclosed in postage-stamped envelopes, except such as may have relation solely to some article at the same time conveyed.
5th. That in every case of failure to perform the trip (unless it is shown that the same was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want of proper skill) there may be a forfeiture of tiie pay for the trip; and a failure to arrive at the end of the route, so as to lose the connection with a depending mail, shall be considered as equal to a whole trip lost, unless the detention or delay be the result of unavoidable causes.
6th. That the company shall be subject to fine for failure to take or deliver a mail, or any part of a mail; for suffering the mail to be wet or otherwise injured, or lost or destroyed, irnless it shall appear that such failure or other incident as aforesaid was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want of proper skill on the part of the company or its officers.
7th. That the company shall he answerable for the adequacy of the means, of transportation; for the faithfulness, ability, and diligence of its agents and for the safety, due receipt, and delivery as aforesaid of the mails.
8th. That the company will collect quarterly, if required by the Postmaster General, of postmasters on the route, the balance due from them to the-United States on their quarterly returns, and faithfully render an account-thereof to the Postmaster-General in the settlement of its quarterly accounts,, and will pay over to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Department, on the order of the Postmaster-General, all balances remaining in its. hands.
9th. That the Postmaster-General may discontinue or curtail the service,, in whole or in part, whenever the public interests, in his judgment, shall-require such discontinuance or curtailment for any cause; he allowing as a full indemnity to the contractor one month’s extra pay on the amount of service dispensed witb, and a pro rata compensation for the amount of service retained and continued.
10th. The said United States covenant with the said company to pay as-aforesaid, at the rate aforementioned, quarterly, in the months of November, h'ebruary, May, and August, or in the preceding months, at the option, of the Department.
Provided always, that this contract shall, in all its parts, be subject to-the terms and requisitions of an act of Congress passed the twenty-first day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, entitled “An-act concerning public contracts.”
In witness whereof the said Postmaster-General has caused the seal of the-Post-Office Department to be hereto affixed, and has attested the same by his signature; and the said railroad company, by its president and sureties, have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year set opposite-their names respectively.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the Postmaster-General in the presence! of—
Marshall Jewell, Postmmter-G-merat.
Milwaukee, Jan’y 11, 1876.
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R’y Co.—
Signed this-day of-, 187-, by
Alex. Mitchell, [affix seal of co.]¡
President.
Signed this-day of-, 187-.
Alex. Mitchell, [seal.] ) January 18, 1876.
Signed this-day of-, 187-. > Sureties.
S. S. Merrill, [seal.] S January 18, 1876.
This aritcle of contract, made the eighth day of September, in the year-one thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, between the’United States of America (acting in this behalf by the Postmaster-General) and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Company, by Alexander Mitchell., its president, and Sherburn S. Merrill, as sureties, witnesseth:
That whereas the saicl railroad company has been accepted, according to law, as contractor for conveying the mail.on route No. 26010, from Hasting». (Minn.), by Vermillion, Empire City, Farmington, Lakeville, Prior’s Lake, Shakopee, Chaska, Carver, Dahlgren, Benton, Bougard, Young America,, and Norwood, to Glencoe and hack six times a week in summer and three-times a week in winter, or as much oftener a_s trains may run, by a schedule satisfactory to the Dej>artment, at two thousand nine hundred and eighty-three and sixty-hundredths dollars per year (being at the rate of' forty dollars per mile per annum) for and during the term beginning July first, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine:
Now, therefore, the said Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad Company, as contractor, and the said Alexander Mitchell and Sherburn S. MeT-ril, as sureties, do, jointly and severally, undertake, covenant, and agree with the United States and do bind themselves—
1st. That the mail (including British, Canada, and other foreign mails)1' shall be conveyed in a secure and safe manner, free from wet or other injury, in a separate and convenient car, or apartment of a car, suitably fitted up, furnished, warmed, and lighted, under the direction o£ the Post-Office Department, and to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General or of his authorized agent, at the expense of the contractor, for the assorting and. safe-keeping- of tho mails and for the exclusive use of the Department and. its mail agent, if the Department shall employ such agent; and such agent is to be conveyed free of charge. When there is no agent of the Department the railroad company shall designate a suitable person upon each train to be sworn to receive and take charge of the mails, and of way-bills, accompanying and describing them, and duly deliver the same. And the-' mail shall be taken from and delivered into the post-offices at the ends of the route; and also from and into the intermediate offices on the route, or-that may hereafter be established on the route, provided the latter are not over one-quarter of a mile from a depot or station, or from the railroad track when no station has been established.
2d. That if the company shall run a regular train of passenger cars more-frequently than is required by the contract to carry the mail, the same increased frequency shall be given to the mail, and without increase of compensation, and the like as to the increase speed of the mail trains, if desired, by the Postmaster-General.
3d. That the company shall convey free of charge all mail-bags and post-office blanks; and also all accredited special agents of the Department, on. exhibition of their credentials.
4th. That the company shall not, by itself nor by its agents, transmit-nor be concerned in transmitting commercial intelligence more rapidly than by mail, nor carry out of the mail any letters not inclosed in postage-stamped envelopes, except such as may have relation solely to some article at the same time conveyed.
5th. That in every case of failure to perform the trip (unless it is shown that the same was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want of proper skill) there may be a forfeiture of the pa.y for the trip; and a failure to a-r— rive at the end of the route, so as to lose the connection with a depending mail, shall be considered as equal to a whole trip lost, unless the detention or delay be the result of unavoidable causes.
6th. That the company shall he subject to line for failure to take or deliver a mail, oranypart of a mail; for suffering the mail to be wet or otherwise injured, or lost or destroyed, unless it shall appear that such failure or other incident as aforesaid was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want of proper skill on the part of the company or its officers.
7th. That the company shall be answerable for the adequacy of the moans •of transportation; for the faithfulness, ability, and diligence of its agents; and for the safety, due receipt, and delivery as aforesaid of the mails.
8th. That the company will collect quarterly, if required by the Postmaster-General, of postmasters on the route, the balances due from them to the United States on their quarterly returns, and faithfully render an account thereof to the Postmaster-General in the settlement of its quarterly accounts, .and will pay over to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post-Office Depart-men fc, on the order of the Postmaster-General, all balances remaining in its hands. *
9th. That the Postmaster-General may discontinue or curtail the service, in whole or in part, whenever the public interests, in his judgment, shall require such discontinuance or curtailment for any cause, he allowing as a full indemnity to the contractor one month’s extra pay on the amount of service dispensed with, and a pro rata compensation for the amount of service retained and continued.
10th. The said United Statos covenant with the said company to pay as aforesaid, at the rate aforementioned, quarterly, in the months of November, February, May, and August, or in the preceding- months, at tho option of the Department.
Provided always, that this contract shall in all its parts bo subject to the terms and requisitions of an act of Congress passed the twenty-first day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, entitled “An act •concerning public contracts.”
In witness whereof the said Postmaster-General has caused the seal of the Post-Office Department to be hereto affixed, and has attested the same by his signature; and the said railroad company, by its president and sureties, have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year set opposite their names respectively.
Signed, sealed, and delivered hy the Postmaster-General in the presence of—
Maksiiall Jewell, Postmaster-General.
Milwaukee, January 11, 1876.
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul E’y Co.—
Signed this-day of-, 187-, by
Alex. Mitchell, [affix seal of co.]
President.
Attest:
E. D. JenNings, Secretary.
:Signed this-day of-, 187-.
Alex. Mitcheix, [seal.] ') January 18,1876.
■Signed this-day of-, 187-. >Sureties.
S. S. Merrill, [seal.] ) January 18,1876.
No. 27025.
This article of contract, made the 9th day of September, iu the year one-thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, between the United States of' America (acting in this behalf by the Postmaster-General) and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Eailroad Company, by Alexander Mitchell, its-president, and Alexander Mitchell and Sherburn S. Merrill, as sureties, witnesseth:
That whereas the said railroad company-has been accepted, according to-law, as contractor for conveying the mail on route No. 27025, from Calmar-(lowa), by Port Atkinson, Navan, New Alba, Lawler, Jacksonville, New Hampton, Ionia, Chickasaw, Bassett, Charles City, Eudd, Nora Springs,. Portland, Mason City, Clear Lake, Garner, Britt, and Wesley Station, to Algona and back, by railroad, six times a week, or as nmch oftener as trains-may run, by a schedule satisfactory to the Department, at seven thousand two hundred and eighty-four and sixty one-hundredths dollars per year-(being at the rate of fifty-seven dollars per mile per annum), for and during the term beginning July first, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and ending June thirty, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine:
Now, therefore, the said Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Eailroad Com-peny, as contractor, and the said Alexander Mitchell and Sherburn S. Merrill, as sureties, do, jointly and severally, undertake, covenant, and agree with the United States, and do bind themselves—
1st. That the mail (including British Canada and otherforeign mails) shall, be conveyed in a secure and safe manner, free from wet or other injury, in a separate and convenient car, or apartment of a car, suitably fitted up, furnished, warmed, and lighted, under direction of the Post-Office Department, and to the satisfaction of the Postmaster-General, or of his authorized agent, at the expense of the contractor, for the assorting and safekeeping of the mails, and for the exclusive use of the Department and its mail ageut, if the Department shall employ such agent; and such agent is-to be conveyed free of charge. When there is no agent of the Department,, the railroad company shall designate a suitable person upon each train to be sworn to receive and take charge of the mails, and of way-bills accompanying and describing them, and duly deliver the same. And the mails-shall be taken from and delivered into the post-offices at the ends of the route; and also from and into the intermediate offices on the route, or that may hereafter be established on the route, provided the latter are not over one-quarter of a mile from a depot ,or station, or from the railroad track when no station has been established.'
2d. That if the company shall run a regular train of passenger cars more-frequently than is required by the contract to carry the mail, the same increased frequency shall be given to the mail, and without increase of compensation, ánd the like as to the increase speed of the mail trains if desired by the Postmaster-General.
3d. That the company shall convey free of charge all mail-bags and post-office blanks, and also all accredited special agents of the Department on exhibition of their credentials.
4th. That the company shall not, by itself nor by its agents, transmit nor-lie concerned, in transmitting commercial intelligence more rapidly than by mail, nor carry out of the mail any letters not inclosed in postage stamped envelopes, except such as may have relation solely to some article at the ■ same time conveyed.
5th. That in every case of failure to perform the trip (unless it is shown that the same was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want of proper skill) there may be a forfeiture of the pay for the trip; and a failure to arrive at the end of the route, so as to lose the connection with a depending mail, shall be considered as equal to a whole trip lost, unless the detention -or delay be the result of unavoidable causes.
6th. That the company shall be subject to fine for failure to take or deliver a mail, or any part of a mail; for suffering the mail to be wot or otherwise injured, or lost or destroyed, unless it shall appear that such failure or •other incident as aforesaid was not caused by misconduct, neglect, or want ••of proper skill on the part of the company or its officers.
7th. That the company shall be answerable for the adequacy of the means of transportation; for the faithfulness, ability, and diligence of its agents; ..and for the safety, due receipt, and delivery as aforesaid of the mails.
8th. That the company will collect quarterly, if required by the Postmaster-General, of postmasters on the route, the balance due from them to the United States on their quarterly returns, and faithfully render an ac■•count thereof to the Postmaster-General in the settlement of its quarterly accounts, and will pay over to the Auditor of the Treasury for the Post--Office Department, on the order of the Postmaster-General, all balances remaining in its hands.
9th. That the Posmaster-General may discontinue or curtail the service, in whole or in part, whenever the public interests, in his judgment, shall .require such discontinuance or curtailment for any cause; he allowing as a .full indemnity to the contractor one month’s extra pay on the amount of .service dispensed with, and a pro rata compensation for the amount of service retained and continued.
10th. The said United States covenant with the said company to pay as .aforesaid, at the rate aforementioned, quarterly, in the months of November, February, May, and August, or in the preceding months, at the option ■of the Department.
Provided always, that this contract shall in all its parts be subject to the' . terms and requisitions of an act of Congress passed the twenty-first day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, entitled “An act -concerning public contracts.”
In witness whereof the said Postmaster-General has caused the seal of the Post-Office Department to be hereto affixed, and has attested the same by his signature; and the said railroad company, by its president and sureties, have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year set opposite their names respectively.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the Postmaster-General in the presence -of—
Marshaju, Jjswell, Postmaster-General.
Milwaukee, January 11, 1876.
Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul R’y Co.—
■ Signed this 11th day of Jan’y 1876, by
Alex. Mitchell, [seal.]
President.
Attest:
R. D. Jennings, Secretary.
Alex. Mitchell, [SEAL.] ) Jan’y 18, 1876. Sureties.
S. S. MERRILL, [seal.] )Jan’y 18, 1876.
VII. The claimant duly performed the service called for by <each of said contracts, as required thereby during the contract term of each.
VIII. The following circulars were sent by the Post-Office .Department to the claimant at the time of their respective -dates:
[Circular.]
.Beadjustment of pay for mail service on railroad routes under act of Congress of ' June 17, 1878.
Post-Office Department,
Office of the Second Ass’t P. M. G-en’l,
Washington, P. C., Aug. 2, 1878.
Sir : Tlie act of Congress making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes, approved June 17,1878, ■contains the following proviso, namely:
“That the Postmaster-General he, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to he paid from and after the first day of ■July,'eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, for transportation of mails on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies for the transportation of mails five per centum per annum from the rates for the transportation of mails, on the basis of the average weight fixed and ¡allowed by the first section of an act entitled ‘An act making- appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June ¡thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,’ approved July twelfth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six.”
Therefore, please take notice that the Auditor of the Treasury for this 'Department has been directed to decrease the pay of your company for the conveyance of the mails on route 26010,'between Hastings and Glencoe, Minn., from July 1, 1878, to June 30, 1879, $107.41 per annum, leaving the pay from the first-named date $2,040.78 per annum, being a reduction of five per centum from the rates fixed for weight of mails in accordance with the proTision of the act of June 17, 1878, above quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Thos. J. Beady,
Second Ass’t P. M. Gen’l.
S. S. Merrill, Esq.,
Gen’l Man’g. Chicago, Mil. St. Paul B’w’y,
Milwaukee, Wis.
[Circular.!
Readjustment of pay or mail service fon railroad routes under aet of Congress of
June 17, 1878.
Post-Oottce Department,
Oeeice op the Second Ass’t P. M. G-en’l,
Washington, D. G., Aug. 2, 1878.
Sir: The act of Congress making appropriations for the service of the. Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine, and for other purposes, approved Jane 17,1878, contains the following proviso, namely :
“That the Postmaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, for transportation of mails, on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies for the transportation of mails fine per cenlumper annum from the rates for the transportation of mails, on the basis of the average weight fixed and allowed by the first section of an act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending-June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purjioses/' approved July twelfth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six.”
Therefore, please take notice that the Auditor of the Treasury for this-Department has been directed to decrease tho pay of your company for the conveyance of the mails on route 26009, between Minneapolis, Minn., and North McGregor, Iowa, from July 1, 1878, to June 30, 1879, $232.56 per an-num, leaving the pay from the first-named date $18,424.49 per annum, being a reduction of five per centum from the rates fixed for weight of mails in accordance with the provision of the act of June 17, 1878, above-quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Thos. J. Brady,
Second Ass’i P. M, Gen’h
S. S. Merrill, Esq.,
Gen’l Man’g. Chicago, Mil. and St. Paul R’w’y,
Milwaukee, Wis.
[Circular.] -
Readjustment of pay for mail service on railroad routes under act of Congress of June 17, 1878.
Post-Office Department,
Office op the Second Ass’t P. M. Gen’d,
Washington, D. C., July 31, 1878.
Sir: The hot of Congress making- appropriations for tlie service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seveñty-nine, and for other purposes, approved June 17,1878, contains the following proviso, namely':
“That the Postmaster-General he, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-eight, for transportation of mails on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies for the transportation of mails five per centum, pen- annum from the rates for the transportation of mails, on the basis of the average weight fixed and allowed by the first section of an act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth,, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes, ’ approved July twelfth, eighteen hundred and seventy-six.”
Therefore, please take notice that the Auditor of the Treasury for this Department has been directed to decrease the pay of your company for the ■conveyance of the mail on route 27025, between Calmar and Algona, Iowa, from July 1, 1878, to June 30, 1879, $291.38 per annum, leaving the pay from the first-named date $5,536.30 per annum, being a reduction of five per centum from the rates'fixed for weight of mails, in accordance with the provision of the act of June 17,1878, above quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Thos. J. Brady,
iSecond Ass’t P. M. G-en’l.
Alex. Mitchell, Esq.,
Chicago, Mil. and St. Paul R’w’y Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
[Circular.!
Reduction of pay for mail service on land-grant railroads under act of Congress of July 12, 1876.
Post-Office Department,
Office of the Second Ass’t P. M. Gen’l,
Washington, D. C., Oct. 20, 1876.
Sir: The act of Congress entitled “An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,” approved July 12, 1876, section 1, contains the following proviso, namely t
“Provided, That the Postmaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, for transportation of mails on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies for the transportation of mails ten per centum per annum from the rates fixed and allowed by the first section of an act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and for other purposes,’ approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, for the transportation of mails on the basis of the average weight.”
The same act also contains the following section:
“ Sec. 13. That railroad companies whose railroad was constructed, in whole or in part, by a land grant made by Congress, on the condition that the mails should he transported over their road at such price as Congress should by law direct, shall receive only eighty per centum of the compensation authorized by this act.”
Consequently, for mail service performed on and after July 1,1876, on your road, route 26010, between Hastings, and Glencoe, Minn., the compensation will be reduced from |2,983.60 per annum (the amount warranted by the latest returns under the act of March 3, 1873) to |2,386.88 per annum, the reduction amounting to $596.72 per annum, of which the sum of $-is due to the proviso in the first section and the sum of $596.72 to the thirteenth section of the act of July 12, 1876, above quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
Thos. J. Brady,
Second Ass’t P. M. Gen’l.
S. S. Merrill, Esq.,
Gen’l M’n’g’ Chicago, Mil. and St. Paul R’w’y, Milwaukee, Wis.
[Circular.]
Reduction of pay for mail service on land-grant railroads under aet of Congress of July 12, 1876.
Post-Office Department,
Office of the Second Ass’t P. M. Gen?l,
Washington, P). C., Oet. 20, 1876.
Sir: The act of Congress entitled “An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,” approved July 12, 1876, section 1, contains the following proviso, namely:
“Provided, That the Postmaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to be paid from and after the first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, for transportation of mails on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railioad companies for the transportation of mails ten per centum per annum from the rates fixed and allowed by the first section of an act entitled ‘An act making appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and for other purposes,’ approved March third, eighteen hundred and seventy-three, for the transportation of mails on the basis of the average weight.”
The same act also contains the following section:
“Sec. 13. That railroad companies whose railroad was constructed, in whole or in part, by a land grant made by Congress, on the condition that, the mails should be transported over their road at such price as Congress, should by law direct, shall receive only eighty per centum of the compensation authorized by this act.”
performed on and after July 1, 1876, on. your road, route 26009, between Minneapolis, Minn., and McGregor, Iowar the compensation will be reduced from $20,491.50 per annum (the amount-warranted by the latest returns under the act of March 3,1873) to $16,393.20‘ per annum, the reduction amounting to $4,098.30 per annum, of which the sum of $-is due to the proviso in the first section and the sum of $4,098.30 to the thirteenth section of the act of July 12,1876, above quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,,
Thos. J. Beaut,
Second Asa’t P. M. Gm’l.
S. S. Merrill, Esq.,
and St. Patel B’w’y, Milwaulcee, Wis.
[Circular.]
Seduction of pay for mail service on land-grant railroads under aot of Congress of July 12, 1876.
Post-Office Department,
Office of the Second Ass’t P. M. Gen’l,
Washington, D. C., Oot. 13, 1876.
Sir: The act of Congress entitled “An act mating appropriations for th© service of the Post-Office Department for the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-seven, and for other purposes,” approved July 12, 1876, section 1, contains the following proviso, namely:
Postmaster-General be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to readjust the compensation to be paid from and after the. first day of July, eighteen hundred and seventy-six, for transportation of mails on railroad routes, by reducing the compensation to all railroad companies'for.the transportation of mails ten per centum per annum from the rates fixed and allowed by the first section of an act entitled 'An act mating appropriations for the service of the Post-Office Department for .the fiscal year ending June thirtieth, eighteen hundred and seventy-four, and for other purposes,’ approved March third, eighteen hun dred and seventy-three,, for the transportation of mails on the basis of the average weight.”
same act also contains the following section:
companies whose railroad was constructed, in whole or in part, by a land grant made by Congress, on the condition "that the mails should be transported over their road at such price as Congress-should by law direct, shall receive only eighty per centum of the compensation authorized by this act.”
Consequently, for mail service performed on and after July 1, 1876, om your road, route 27025, between Calmar and Algona, Iowa, the compensation will be reduced from $7,284.60 per annum (the amount warranted by the latest returns under the act of March 3, 1873) to $5,827.68 per annum,, the reduction amounting to $1,456.92 per annum, of which the sum of $- is due to the proviso in the first section and the sum of $1,456.92 to the thirteenth section of the act of July 12, 1876, above quoted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. L. French,
Aot’g Second Ass’t'P. M. Gen’l.
Mr. Alex. Mitchell,
Pres’d’t CMaago, Mil. and St. Paul R’io’y Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
IX. The following sums were deducted by the Post-Office Department from the pay of the claimant as prescribed in the contracts for the transportation of the mails over said routes between July 1,1876, and June 30,1879, on account of the said railroads being land-grant roads, and the same is withheld from the claimant, namely: On route No. 26009, $8,200.23; on route No. 26010, $2,613.63, and on route No. 27025, $6,381.32.
X. The railroads upon which the said mails were transported in pursuance of the said contracts were built with the aid of grants of public lands of the United States, which were granted upon the condition (amongst others), viz, that the mails should be carried over the said roads at such rates as Congress should by law provide, but that the Postmaster-General should have power to fix the rates until Congress should determine them.
Mr. John F. Farnsworth for the claimant.
Mr. John S. Blair (with whom was Mr. Thomas Simons, Assistant Attorney-General) for the defendants.
OPINION.
Davis, J.,
delivered the opinion of the court:
This claim consists of two items, which have no connection with each other.
The first claim is described as follows in the findings:
In November, 1877, the claimant transported three officers and sixty-eight men belonging to the Army of the United States, one interpreter, two hundred and sixty-seven adult'Indians (Nez Percé) prisoners, and fifty-two Indian prisoners between the ages of five and twelve years from St. Paul, Minnesota, to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, by railroad.
And said transportation was had under a special contract made with the claimant by the Quartermaster-General at the following rates, namely: For each adult, $10.84; for the children, $5.42 each; and with the condition that no deduction should be made on account of “land grant,” as the special rates given fell below tbe rates charged to the public after due allowance for land-grant distance.
The claimant has received from the Government compensation, at the contract rates, for the transportation of the Indian prisoners, and also 50 per cent, only of the contract rate for the transportation of the said officers, soldiers, and interpreter.
In tbe case of tbe Northern Pacific Railroad Company (15 C. Cls. R., 428) we bad before us a claim similar to tbis, and we said:
' It is admitted that these contracts were made in good faith, and it is apparent that the parties, in fixing the entire through rate, took into consideration the discount on the transportation _over the land-grant road. It might and probably would have been better if they had had the power to do this. But Congress has seen fit to confide that power to this court. There is enough in the record, however, to satisfy us that the amount allowed to the land-grant roads gave them substantially what they would have received under the rule laid down by us in the Atchison, Topelea and Santa Fé. Case (15 C. Cls. R.,' 126), and we are not disposed to disturb the agreement of the parties for this small difference. Deminimis non curat lex.
We accordingly gave tbe claimant judgment for tbe 50 per cent, retained by tbe Government in that case, and can see no reason why we should not do the same in tbis case. Tbe amount is $390.24.
Tbe second claim is for deductions made from tbe contract price for- transportation of mails under a time contract. ’ Tbe legal questions raised by tbe findings differ in no respect from those already decided by tbe Supreme Court in tbe cases of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway Company (104 U. S. R., 680) and the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railway Company (104 U. S. R., 687). We are constrained by tbe rulings in those cases to give-judgment for tbe claimants for tbe full amount of tbis branch- of their claim, viz:
Retention on route 26009 .. $8,200 23
Retention on route 26010 . 2,613 63
Retention on route 27025 . 6,381 32
Total. 17,195 18
The judgment of tbe court is that tbe claimants recover of the defendants tbe sum of $17,585.42.
The Chief Justice took no part in the decision of tbis case. | CASELAW |
Talk:Luke O'Neill (scientist)
Removal?
This revert claims that information was removed by switching templates. However, on examination, it appears that no inappropriate removal ensued; the switch largely reduced redundancy and improved accessibility. The two exceptions were Strangeways, which was a postdoctoral position only, and the awards parameter - the PhD is not an "award" as we usually consider them, and similarly EMBO is a membership rather than a typical "award". Happy to hear opinions on how best to approach representation of the EMBO issue. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:11, 25 December 2016 (UTC)
* You must have missed this query about awards - how do you think we should represent EMBO? Nikkimaria (talk) 15:11, 30 December 2016 (UTC)
Twitter references - Ivor Cummins
There are two references using links to the twitter account of Ivor Cummins, whose views are WP:FRINGE. Are there reliable sources that can be used instead? WP:TWITTER limits usage of Twitter as a reference - in particular it says it can be used it does not involve claims about third parties; and it does not involve claims about events not directly related to the source;. However, given those restrictions thy cannot be used in this article. Autarch (talk) 03:56, 5 January 2021 (UTC)
* I agree. I was very surprised to see this video mentioned at all in the article, while at the same time his work during the COVID-19 pandemic has barely been discussed at all. I don't see how this video is even relevant to this article and looks like someone trying to push a certain agenda. Oisin1001 (talk) 22:00, 30 January 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Edit Article
The Microsoft visual programming environment known as Visual Basic has a specific type of clear syntax for adding numbers and doing other operations with integers and other valuations. Adding two numbers together isn't complicated, but you have to know how Visual Basic works. Here are the steps you can use to add two numbers in Visual Basic using any version of this programming language.
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Steps
1. 1
Set up the program to recognize the two numbers as values. Programmers can do this either by defining the numbers as constants or variables. Variables are desired over constants for many reasons, mainly because they can be changed easily. For example, a variable can be changed by a user entering a number in a visual text box, whereas a constant cannot.
• Defining items in Visual Basic requires a "dimension" command, abbreviated as "dim". To define your two numbers as integers, write the following code "above the fold" in the initial load sequence before functions are described: dim A as integer, dim B as integer. Here, A and B will be your two numbers.
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2. 2
Identify your numbers. After dimensioning the two numbers, you'll need to either enter values for them in code, or provide instructions for users to populate them during the program. A simple command like A = 5 is sufficient.
3. 3
Create another variable for the sum. Write this code into the same pre-functional prefix code: dim C as integer
4. 4
Write the code needed to identify the third number as the sum of the first 2. With the above example, your code is this: C = A + B
5. 5
Provide for the display of results. You can include a visual text box to display the sum and create a command like: textbox1.text = val<c>
6. 6
Work with the result. Add the variable C back into other equations for more functionality within the program. There are many ways that programmers can take advantage of an added number to further influence outcomes within an executable program.
• Run the program to catch bugs. Sometimes, small errors can produce bugs. Run the program and any available diagnostics to make sure the program works and values the sum correctly.
7. 7
We can define new variable as Dim Sum As Integer
Sum=Val(Textbox1.text)+Val(Textbox2.text)
textbox3.text=Sum
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Video
Tips
• Experts have shown that, in addition to the above simple operation, more sophisticated addition in Visual Basic can bypass common elements of this task. The basic idea is to create not 1, but 3, text boxes, entering a command like: textbox3.text = val(textbox1.text) + val(textbox2.text).
Sources and Citations
• www.devdos.com/vb/lesson2.shtml
• support.microsoft.com/kb/148317
Article Info
Categories: Visual Basic
In other languages:
Español: sumar dos números en Visual Basic.Net, Italiano: Sommare Due Numeri in Visual Basic.NET, Русский: сложить два числа в Visual Basic.NET, Português: Somar Dois Números no Visual Basic.NET
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Born into a royal family, Oedipus was one of the bearers of a disastrous generational curse. He had no idea what he was born into, or what he would become. Poor Oedipus was put into to the world to serve as an example from the gods. Although Oedipus was said to be a victim of fate, he contributed to his own fate more than the gods. He was placed into the world to with a prophecy that he will kill his father and married his mother and conceive children with her, but that was just a prophecy not his destiny. Oedipus could have determined a new destiny for himself, but instead he did more things to make the prophecy true rather than false. The life of Oedipus was a great tragedy, not only for him but for his entire family. Although the gods may have set a prophecy for Oedipus future, Oedipus contribute mostly to his destiny.
Oedipus is depicted as a “marionette in the hands of a daemonic power”(pg150), but like all tragic hero’s he fights and struggles against fate even when the odds are against him. His most tragic flaw is his morality, as he struggles between the good and the evil of his life. The good is that he was pitied by the Shepard who saved him from death as a baby. The evil is his fate, where he is to kill his father and marry his mother. His hubris or excessive pride and self-righteousness are the lead causes to his downfall. Oedipus is a tragic hero who suffers the consequences of his immoral actions, and must learn from these mistakes. This Aristotelian theory of tragedy exists today, as an example of what happens when men and women that fall from high positions politically and socially.
His pride gets him into a lot of bad situations. The ultimate downfall of Oedipus is that he is unwilling to accept is fate. This drives him throughout the whole story to get down to the bottom of numerous questions. Such as, who killed his father? What is his fate and how can he avoid it? Also he was questioning the loyalty of his brother-in-law, Creon. Oedipus is genuinely concerned by the damage the plague is doing to his people and seeks to help. Creon informs him that the plague is the result of King Laius's murder and that the murderer must be found and killed or expelled. Oedipus seeks counsel from Teiresias the prophet. However, the prophet is afraid of divulging the truth about the situation. Reason being is because the prophet knows that Oedipus is guilty of killing his father. However, even though Oedipus has done many things that are frowned upon, the reader has to
However, consumed by his desire to seek knowledge, Oedipus ironically ignores all of the signs that point toward the truth. One such instance is when he is speaking to Jocasta, and she mentions how “[Oedipus is] doomed / – may [he] never fathom who [he is]!” (Sophocles, 1173-1174). Regardless of how closely related and similar both his and Laius’s predictions from the Oracle of Delphi are, Oedipus ignores the absolute truth. Another such instance is when Jocasta mentions how Laius had been “killed by strangers,/ thieves, at a place where three roads meet” (Sophocles 789-790). Although Oedipus recognizes that he had also killed a man at a crossroads, he refuses to believe the truth. Mr. Weil mentions how, despite most scholars believing Oedipus journeys from ignorance to knowledge, “his ignorance is self-willed. Oedipus has been told the truth and he has refused to recognize it-or even test it” (Weil). Anyone can see the validity of this statement once all of the hints and comments of Oedipus’s heritage are presented. He is consistently given the opportunity to accept the truth but he rejects any possibility. “The play is a tragedy not of divine fate but of human knowing”
As a tragedy Oedipus the King spends the majority of the play discovering who he is, without knowing exactly what is occurring. The tragedy was that he suffered the improbabilities of murdering his father and then marrying his mother, it is a tail of his revelations about his past, and the events that led him to his ultimate fall. In this play, Sophocles illustrated a world of human frailty, pride, and punishment, which helped to propel, with dreadful inevitability, a protagonist moving toward catastrophe. Oedipus is the direct cause of his own undoing, however it is not because he is evil, proud, or weak, but simply because he does not know his true past or who he is. The facts that he believes to be true are unraveled, thus revealing his fate. Oedipus meets the first criterion of a Greek tragedy, which is that the protagonist is a good person. Oedipus has both a good he...
In the story of “Oedipus the King” by Sophocles portrays theme, symbolism, and imagery. With these in mind, they had influence the character to do a few things we wouldn’t normally be doing in today’s society. By showing us the way he acts leads us to knowing the difference between what is right and wrong. Back in the day, we never knew what was shown as being truthful unless someone told you. So not realizing the importance role Oedipus plays is has a significant impact on the audience’s reactions.
Sophocles uses a mixture of both visual and emotional imagery to create the morally questioning, Greek tragedy ‘Oedipus Tyrannos’. He presents the audience with an intense drama, which addresses the reality and importance of the gods that the Greeks fervently believed in. The play also forces the audience to ask themselves if there is such a concept as fate.
Even though Oedipus is praised by many for his courage against the Sphinx, he is still human like everyone else, and every human has flaws. Oedipus’s flaws sadly lead to his death and shame to his family. His daughters would now suffer the burden of being related to Oedipus, the man who killed his own father and married his wife. With the supporting evidence it is obvious that Oedipus’s arrogance, stubbornness, and blindness brought him down to misery in Sophocles’s surprising play Oedipus Rex.
The Greeks were one of the most powerful empires of early civilizations with the well documented conquest, legends, gods, etc. One of their most significant things left of their empire, is their theatrical style, none bigger than Tragedy. The Greek Tragedy was their basis of Drama and is still studied today. Their view of the world and life could be personified in the plays and by the personages. It is the case in the play Oedipus Tyrannos. The play, written by Sophocles, represents the typical Greek view of the world with all the values that the Greeks wanted to show. This play is probably the best example to represent the typical tragic hero, in that case Oedipus. The dominant theme that Sophocles wanted to demonstrate in the play was the concept of fate and how nobody was able to escape it, not even the most prestigious people. Fate was extremely important for the Greeks because it related directly from the gods, the most powerful aspect of their existence. As a typical tragic hero, Oedipus has doomed himself to have a fatal fate by his consistent efforts to avoid his fate and also because of the human side in him that tried to protect him from it. Eventually, Oedipus could not escape what the Gods had written in time for his life. This paper will try to prove this statement by looking at Oedipus as the tragic hero and the representation of the concept of fate in Oedipus Tyrannos by looking at Oedipus.
Throughout the story, Oedipus' haste or lack of patience is most evident. Wishing to end this mystery of the death of Laios as quickly as possible, Oedipus passes an edict to kill or exile anyone who withholds information. Teiresias tested Oedipus' patience in the beginning of the story with the information he was holding; "You'd try a stone's patience!
(Sophocles 1.375-1.377) In hopes of having the prophecy changed, Oedipus argued to Tiresias that what he was being told was a lie. At this point in the story, Oedipus was searching for answers of who murdered Laius, the former king of THEBES. Based on the actions Oedipus has taken during his argument with Tiresias, his true character traits are revealed. Oedipus displays stubbornness during this conversation because of his denial of the situation. It is made clear the Oedipus is blind from the truth, however, it is his denial of the truth that ultimately causes his stubbornness. It can be assumed that Oedipus will still attempt to change his fate because of his disbelief in his fate. Although Oedipus will try to prevent his fate from coming true, one can clearly acknowledge it will be leading Oedipus to his
In the play Oedipus we can see how Oedipus innocence leads him to his tragic destiny. The main universal conflict is man vs himself. Tiresias, or the wise old man plays a curtail part . Tiresias is ancient, but knows all...he appears in the story to advise Oedipus. As Tiresias said in a menacing tone, “How terrible it is to know...no good comes of knowing,”(Sophocles 14). If Oedipus just would just have put his curiosity to the side maybe things would have not taken such a harsh turn. Oedipus is the tragic hero who is blinded by his own innocence. In addition, his anger and stubbornness which is part of morals/personality is a key detail. This leads to him killing his father unknowingly at a young age fulfilling the prophecy and contributing to the resolution. Another archetype that is relevant is that of Laios and Jocasta which is bad parenting. They get rid of Oedipus as a child and by doing this they play out the prophecy. This shows their clearly shows how ignorant they are. Instead of taking on the “problem” they simply throw it away and let it grow up into a even bigger problem. This is prime example of a key detail contributing to the tragic hero’s journey. If it was not for abandoning Oedipus he would have not have been presented the same situations, thus leading to the end resolution. Since the key details were presented in this way they molded their morals thus giving us the tragic
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, the dramatic tragedy of a cursed king, describes the flawed character of a tragic hero through many literary elements to evoke catharsis upon its third person audience. At his birth, the gods bestow a particular curse upon Oedipus that would lead to future utter destruction upon himself and those surrounding him. His presence as king implants famine, barrenness, and disease upon Thebes and its people. However, Oedipus is not always aware that he is the pollution of the land, even when the audience is. The irony and theme throughout the tragedy of Oedipus help describe the character of Oedipus himself, thus identifying his tragic flaws of ignorance, arrogance, and anger that ultimately lead to his destruction.
Through the character of Oedipus, Sophocles shows the futility and consequences of defying the divine order. Oedipus served Thebes as a great ruler, loved by his subjects; but it is his one tragic flaw, hubris, which dooms his existence, regardless of the character attributes that make him such a beloved king. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Alberto Isaac
Alberto Isaac (18 March 1923 – 9 January 1998) was a Mexican freestyle swimmer and later a film director and screenwriter. He competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics.
In 1969, he directed the documentary film The Olympics in Mexico which was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. In 1980 he was a member of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival. In 1987, he was a member of the jury at the 15th Moscow International Film Festival. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Amin Jensen
The result was Delete, with no prejudice for recreation if reliable sources can be found. Tim Vickers (talk) 00:20, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
Amin Jensen
* – (View AfD) (View log)
I, as the creator of the article, think that he is notable as a stand-up comedian and actor, but it was tagged as csd and I would rather have consensus decide this article's fate rather than one admin. Editorofthewiki (talk) 19:19, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
* Delete. Notability isn't a matter of opinion - the guidelines are set out in Notability (people). The article doesn't show that he meets them. JohnCD (talk) 20:15, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
* If someone could translate the many websites about him in Danish then I'm sure he would be cerified notable. Editorofthewiki (talk) 22:17, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
* Delete unless evidence of notability via reliable sources are provided. Terraxos (talk) 03:59, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
* Delete It is not notable, but I commend the nominator for nominating the article for AfD instead of just removing the csd RogueNinja talk 19:28, 28 January 2008 (UTC)
* keep until it is shown that none of the 166 hits on google news and over 30,000 on google are reliable sources or more than trivial mentions. --Paularblaster (talk) 00:54, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* Comment Please read WP:V, in particular, the burden of proof section. RogueNinja talk 01:15, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* Just as soon as you read Deletion policy :o) --Paularblaster (talk) 10:25, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* I did. And I quote: "## Subject fails to meet the relevant notability guideline (WP:N, WP:BIO, WP:MUSIC, WP:CORP and so forth)" RogueNinja talk 11:55, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* But you somehow missed "All attempts to find reliable sources in which article information can be verified have failed": if you don't do that first, you can't know whether it fails WP:N or not. --Paularblaster (talk) 12:04, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
* You dont have to do that. Its a list of reasons. The article needs to only meet one reason, not all of them. RogueNinja talk 00:10, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
* I'd suggest that you do have to do that, as recommended by Guide to deletion: "You must look for, and demonstrate that you couldn't find, any independent sources of sufficient depth." --Paularblaster (talk) 00:47, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Dubai Opera Ball
The result was no consensus. and none likely to emerge by relisting again. StarM 02:16, 4 November 2008 (UTC)
Dubai Opera Ball
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
As near as I can tell by Googling, this event has been held only in 2005 and 2006. The Vienna Opera Ball, as the original, is clearly notable, and because of its longevity the Viennese Opera Ball in New York is probably also notable; but this one has apparently not turned out even to be an annual event. There are news sources announcing the two years' balls, but I doubt that these establish notability. Deor (talk) 22:56, 25 October 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - no independent evidence of notability (both links come from a government-owned source). Merely being held by a member of the government is insufficient for demonstrating sufficient importance or notability of the activity. Ironically, the mention of the host in the article was an assertion of notability that keeps it out of speedy delete territory. B.Wind (talk) 02:22, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Middle East-related deletion discussions. -- • Gene93k (talk) 04:41, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
* Keep. There are independent reliable sources available via a Google search: . Phil Bridger (talk) 11:35, 26 October 2008 (UTC)
* Merge into the article Vienna Opera Ball, as it has been reported as being associated with or part of that event, and is already mentioned in that article. Raven1977 (talk) 21:27, 28 October 2008 (UTC)
* Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion so that consensus may be reached. Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Ron Ritzman (talk) 00:02, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Keep. The German-language references added recently seem to be in reliable sources. I think they establish notability. -- Eastmain (talk) 02:51, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Keep As per Phil and Eastmain (if I got here earlier, I would've said the same things as they did!) Ecoleetage (talk) 03:20, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Delete. A bunch of rich guys donned penguin suits and brought their wymmyn and performed a quaint 19th-century ceremony for their own amusement. Nothing wrong with that, but, uh, so what? Should Wikipedia have articles on, say, individual package tours? Tama1988 (talk) 11:49, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Keep. Many reliable sources establish notability. --Gene_poole (talk) 22:48, 30 October 2008 (UTC)
* Comment. Reliable sources establishing notability my whatever. Let's look at the independent reliable sources available via a Google search conveniently listed above by Phil Bridger: mywire.com/a/AlBawaba/Opera-Ball-comes-to-Madinat/777162?extID=10051 recycled PR fluff; themorningleader.lk/20060315/Assets/imgs/Hipmagazine/hip-10.pdf society page stuff; austriantrade.org/ae/news/local/archive/news_3858.en.jsp doesn't even pretend to be anything more than a PR release; dubaimagazineonline.com/opera.htm PR blather, in the future tense; zeit.de/2006/07/oe_draussen now this is a real newspaper, and a first-rate one to boot, but the page is unavailable ; salzburger-fenster.at/rubrik/lokales/0105/sandra-tanzt-auf-zwei-opernbaellen_255.html article about one Sandra Gitau that mentions this Dubai bash only in passing; tma-online.at/?id=2596 some travel company's advert for this do. Or is my comprehension of German even worse than I think? Tama1988 (talk) 09:14, 31 October 2008 (UTC) slightly amended 07:39, 1 November 2008 (UTC)
* Comment. Society pages may not be reliable sources for quantum physics or medieval history, but for society events they are perfectly acceptable, in the same way that sports pages are used as sources for sport, business pages for business and review pages for the arts. Also I just tried the link to Die Zeit again and it worked fine for me. Phil Bridger (talk) 12:06, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
* The link works for me too, but what one finds at the end of it hardly constitutes "significant coverage" as described in WP:N. Whether any of the other cited sources do is debatable, I guess, but I wouldn't have nominated the article here if I thought they did. Deor (talk) 12:29, 31 October 2008 (UTC)
* Except that society articles, as far as I'm aware, don't even attempt to investigate, evaluate, etc. (Would it be unkind to suggest that they're to actual society what horoscopes are to the actual future?) The writer simply says what the hostess says, or effuses. And another point: PDF linked to above, which I carelessly suggested was reporting (of a feeble kind), doesn't even purport to report on this momentous occasion. Instead, it announces it for the future: '"these 10 debutantes will also take part in the Dubai Opera Ball at the Madinat Jumeriah on March 16. For this great event, Emirates will fly 40 Austrian debutantes to Dubai who will open the ball together with the 60 local debutante couples. Stars of the Vienna State Opera Ballet will perform together with the Vienna Symphony Orchestra at the event which promises to be a truly spectacular' evening which will bring old world European charm to Dubai. [etc. etc.]" So it's a mere press release. Tama1988 (talk) 07:53, 1 November 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:The Semi-detached House.djvu/210
observed that he never saw the use of putting a naval gentleman on the top of a horse, he never offered to go and navigate their ships, so why could not they let his horses alone. Finally, the gentlemen lit their cigars, and sauntered along the bank, where the sight of Mr. Harcourt in an outrigger roused the Captain to give some strong opinions on the dangers of the river, and the foolhardiness of young men. To those who are not like Wordsworth's primrose, "dwellers on the river's brim," it may be necessary to explain that an outrigger is an apology for a boat, and, apparently, a feeble imitation of a plank—that the individual who hazards his own life in it, is happily prevented, by its absurd form, from making any other person a sharer in his danger—that he is liable to be overset by any passing steamer, or by the slightest change of his own posture—that it is difficult to conceive how he ever got into such a thing, or how he is ever to get out of it again, and that the effect he produces on an unprejudiced spectator, is that of an aquatic | WIKI |
Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research
The Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research (CICAR) was a major collaborative relationship between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and Earth Institute, Columbia University.
The CICAR research themes were: CICAR was sunset at the end of a 10-year cooperative agreement on June 30, 2014.
* Modeling, understanding, prediction, and assessment of climate variability and change
* Development, collection, analysis, and archiving of instrumental and Paleoclimate data
* Development of the application of climate variability and change prediction and assessment to provide information for decision makers and assess risk to water resources, agriculture, health, and policy | WIKI |
Patents by Inventor Emile K. Oshima
Emile K. Oshima has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
• Publication number: 20210278330
Abstract: A system and method for estimating the shear wall stress of an aerodynamic surface using a tuft visualization technique combined with a physics-informed neural network. The tuft visualization technique is a simplified method of generating velocity profile data of an aerodynamic model that can subsequently be used to generate a shear wall stress profile of the model. Systems and methods described herein also provide for additional input data using an augmented tuft and taps inputs for the physics-informed neural network to generate the shear wall stress profile.
Type: Application
Filed: March 8, 2021
Publication date: September 9, 2021
Applicant: California Institute of Technology
Inventors: Morteza Gharib, Emile K. Oshima, Pablo Hermoso Moreno | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Upper lumbar thigh pain
There is a strong correlation between upper lumbar thigh pain; the lower back and leg are intimately connected; and it moves in both directions via the femoral and superior cluneal nerves on the one hand, and the psoas muscle on the other, making it often difficult to decide which is chicken and what is egg.
The superior cluneal nerves emerge from the L1, L2 and L3 nerve roots; the posterior rami for anatomical boffins, whereas the femoral originates from the anterior fibres of L2, L3 and L4.
Between the two, the nerves supply the skin of the upper part of the buttock, the side of the upper leg, the front of the thigh and the groin.
• Superior cluneal nerves; posterior rami of L1, L2 and L3.
• Femoral nerve; anterior rami of L2, L3 and L4.
This may not interest you particularly but you have upper low back pain, radiating to the buttock and the thigh.
This complex scenario may be further complicated by hip conditions; for example a hip dysplasia or impingement syndrome frequently causes uppert thigh and groin pain, quite independent of what is happening in the lumbar spine.
Furthermore, the sacroiliac joint syndrome often also causes buttock and groin pain.
Not infrequently these conditions form a complex syndrome of lower back, buttock and groin pain. Identifying the individual components of the syndrome is vital if treatment is to be successful, as each has to be addressed and an exercise programme for the various parts devised. A "cure" is unlikely, but most patients who have chronic, unresolved pain are not unhappy with a 60-90 percent reduction in pain and disability, coupled with daily specific exercises and an acceptance that certain activities are verboten; the vacuum cleaner, for example.
This page was last updated by Dr Barrie Lewis on 7th December, 2018.
Upper lumbar thigh pain
Upper lumbar thigh pain is a complex and often mysterious syndrome.
Upper lumbar and groin pain.
This may be further complicated by the presence of a short leg, causing a distortion in the pelvis and a lumbar scoliosis extending up into the mid back and cervical spine where further problems are caused. It is not unusual for these patients to have neck and thoracic pain, in addition to lower back and thigh symptoms.
An orthotic in the shoe may help to correct the short leg and subsequent scoliosis, but the making of inserts is an art form in itself. Frequently, if not correctly done, they add to the problem causing knee, hip and lower back pain.
All in all, it's a complex scenario requiring your chiropractor to carefully evaluate the various components of these upper lumbar thigh pain syndromes; the femoral nerve may radiate to the lower leg too.
Mrs L is a 50 year old woman with chronic right buttock and lower back pain; the latter has two foci, one at L5/S1 and the other at the thoraco lumbar junction. A tightness in the calf, anterior thigh pain and upper buttock numbness are features of this case.
It's a upper lumbar thigh pain case study.
The pain began some two years previous, with no known cause. Her doctor had only anti inflammatories to offer.
She is a lithe and otherwise healthy lady; her weight is perfect. She is active and busy but has annoying upper lumbar and buttock pain. Two days before the first consultation she went for a run, developing acute right upper leg pain.
An lateral xray of the lower back reveals an unusual alteration in the normal lordosis at the thoraco lumbar junction; nothing specific but confirming her extreme sensitivity in the region.
Upper lumbar lateral x-ray.
On examination of this upper lumbar with thigh and calf pain case, the pelvis appeared mildly low on the right giving a right convex scoliosis.
On motion palpation, there was a right sacroiliac fixation. That in itself is unusual; normally the fixation is on the opposite side to the short leg.
In the lumbar spine there were no obvious lower lumbar spine fixations but at the thoraco lumbar junction L1 was markedly fixed on the right and extremely tender. L5 was also particularly tender on the right, but not fixated.
On forward flexion there was no lumbar pain or restriction but tightness in the posterior right thigh and calf suggestive of a low grade sciatica. This was confirmed by a positive Slump test with pain in the calf. Lasegue's test verified this with restriction in the lower leg at 60*, but no LBP, with a positive Braggard's test. Motor findings were NAD with normal reflexes and muscle strength.
In addition, the femoral stretch test was positive giving pain in the anterior thigh.
On pinwheel testing, there was distinct hypoanalgesia in the upper buttock, the distribution of the superior cluneal nerves, confirming a Maigne's syndome as being a major part of the whole pain complex. Upper lumbar thigh pain is not uncommon.
Lumbar AP spot
A closer look at the spot of L5/S1 reveals the presence of a large spatulated transverse process of L5 on your reading left (black arrow), together with a sagittal facet (red arrow); on the right is the conventional coronal facet.
Again, on the lateral spot, there is the suggestion of incomplete union between S1 and the remainder of the sacrum; fortunately the disc space at L5-S1 is normal. Or, using other conventions, the partially fused segment is in reality L5, making this a sacralisation.
The irritation of the sciatic nerve is almost certainly not for a bulging disc, but that could only be confirmed by MRI scan. Rather, this is the release of noxious chemicals from the joint cartilage.
The mild lumbar scoliosis continues up into the torso, resulting in pain in the midback and neck.
Rudimentary ribs are seen at T12, a common feature of a sacralisation or lumbarisation. Naming is not important; whether the last discrete vertebra is L4 or 5 makes no difference. What is significant is the presence of a transitional segment, asymmetrical facets, a transverse ilio anomalous joint and those little appendages arrowed at the thoraco lumbar junction.
These anomalies sometimes produce quite unusual and even bizarre patterns of lower and upper lumbar pain with diverse thigh and calf radiation.
Treatment of this two year old pain consisted of
• Prone drops on the pelvis using the Thompson protocol.
• Side posture adjustments of L2 and L5.
• Prone P to A adjustment of T12.
• Stretching out of the sciatic nerve in the posterior thigh and calf.
• Soft tissue therapy to the active trigger point in the quadratus lumborum muscle.
• An inexpensive heel lift in the right shoe.
• Home exercise program.
The response was dramatic with 80 percent less pain after only three treatments but after a long car trip some pain has returned, and clearly a course of treatment is indicated. A cure is unlikely and she will join the group of people for whom an occasional but regular treatment is vital.
It's simply an unproven opinion, but I'm convinced that if EVERYONE did these lower back exercises before arising from bed every morning, we would halve the surgery on the lumbar spine; it would put a great many chiropractors and surgeons out of business. Most stop though once the pain and stiffness has gone.
Other conditions
Due to the scoliosis and other injuries, midthoracic pain, tingling in the right arm due to a first rib fixation, with a mildly positive Adson's test but negative upper limb tension test, and headaches are also being treated.
Useful links
Femoral nerve supplies mainly the upper leg.
Low back pain is what keeps chiropractors and many surgeons in business. The economics are frightening.
Femoral nerve @ Wikipedia.
› upper lumbar thigh pain
Did you find this page useful? Then perhaps forward it to a suffering friend. Better still, Tweet or Face Book it.
Interesting challenges of the day
1. Mr S is a 76 year old man with neck pain of some 9 months duration. Luckily, most of the discomfort is upper cervical which is only rarely arthritic; his lower cervical spine is a degenerative mess that I have left alone. After seven treatments his pain and stiffness is 50 percent better, and he is happy in the circumstances. He can sleep through the night now and that makes a huge difference.
2. Mr P is 32 year old man with very severe lower back pain radiating to the big toe which is 30 percent numb. He had an episode three weeks ago, took anti-inflammatories and was soon better as is typical of the medial disc herniation. But before it healed, after a trivia it came roaring back, much worse. The characteristic crossed sign was evident; sitting in a chair, straightening the right leg provoked severe left back pain and tingling in the leg. He is doing well.
3. Severe lower back pain is scary; just ask Mrs P. Just watching her get out of the car I she was in trouble; she had a slipped disc at L4 making her lean towards the opposite side; luckily she had no pain in the leg. Despite family pressure that this was far too severe for a chiropractor, she persevered. Within five days she was standing upright, and after two weeks almost pain-free.
Despite a hectic job, she wisely took my advice and stayed home for what I call exercising bed rest.
4. Mr S has had lower back, groin and back of thigh and calf pain for fourth months.
He has a pincer deformity in the hip causing the stabs in the groin, and a degenerative facet causing the sciatica. Both are responding well to chiropractic and he is well pleased; sixty-five percent better after three treatments.
5. Mr T is a wise man; he has taken a warning TIA seriously and has lost 15 pounds, and has at least as much again to lose. A change to a low starch diet and half hour daily stroll has made the difference; but the walking is making his foot and back miserable. The expensive orthotic is hopeless; luckily his hips and back are fine, but he needs a simple heel lift; he has a short leg.
6. I too have had serious lower back issues, luckily fixed by my own chiropractor; so I too have to do my exercises, take care when lifting supers full of honey, gardening and using the chainsaw. Regaining the function of your spine is just as important as the pain.
7. My own granddaughter, only 7 is hypermobile giving her pelvic, knee and ankle issues. X-rays show a mildly dysplastic hip. Years ago we would have called it growing pains. She too regularly needs chiropractic care and luckily responds well. Increased range of motion is more difficult than too stiff in my opinion. Our care is for kids too.
8. This 65-year old lady is a serious gardener; every day she is bending, lifting and digging for 2 to 3 hours a day. It regularly catches her in the sacroiliac joint, so she has a treatment once a month that sorts it out. She does her lower back exercises faithfully.
9. This 88-year old lady is an inspiration; every day she is busy in the community. With a nasty scoliosis she manages very well with a chiropractic adjustment every six weeks and exercises faithfully done.
10. Mr X is a 71-year old retired man who wants to continue with maintenance care every six to eight weeks; he had suffered from two years of lower back pain when he first came a few months ago. He has no discomfort now after 8 chiropractic treatments, but is aware that danger lurks.
11. Mrs C has been having severe headaches, and taking a lot of analgesics. It is a non-complicated upper cervical facet syndrome, and she is doing well.
12. Mr D is a 38-year old year man with chronic shoulder pain after a rotator cuff tear playing cricket. It responded well to treatment, but he knows he must do his exercises every day; for two years he could not sleep on that shoulder.
13. Mr D, a 71-year old man, has a severe ache in the shoulder and midback since working above his head. Trapped nerve tests are negative but he has advanced degenerative joints of Luschka; after just two treatments he is 50 percent better. Can we reach 90?
And so the day goes; chiropractors should not be treating the elderly most medical sites state but that is so much bunkum.
Do you have a problem that is not getting better?
Are you looking for a different slant on your pain?
Do you want to pose a question?
Interesting questions from visitors
CLS writes:
Greetings, Dr B.
You helped me quite some time back with a soothing and professional response which turned out to be exactly correct. I now consult a local chiropractor. You write a superb newsletter, too.
Your own unresolved problem. Pose a question
Knowing that up to 70 percent of the time the correct diagnosis is made with no examination, no special tests, no xrays, but just from the history, there is a fair chance I can add some insight to your unresolved problem. But at least 30% of the time, I may be quite wrong. Give plenty of detail if you want a sensible reply.
You visited this chiropractic help site no doubt because you have a problem that is not resolving and want to know more about what a DC does.
The quickest and most interesting way is to read one of my eBooks of anecdotes. Described by a reader as gems, both funny and healthful from the life and work of a chiropractor, you will love them. Priced right at $2.99, though Kindle fiddles the amount without telling me. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Gesta Romanorum - Swan - Wright - 1.djvu/179
Rh
My beloved, the Emperor is our Heavenly Father, who hath drawn away his children from the jaws of the devil by the sufferings of his blessed Son. He is the King of kings, and Lord of lords. Deut. xxxii. "Is he not thy Father who hath obtained thee by conquest, made, and established thee?" The only daughter is the human soul, which is delivered to five soldiers, that is, to the five senses, to guard; being armed by powers received in baptism. These senses are, sight, hearing, &c. which have in charge to preserve it from the devil, the world, and the flesh. The burning lamp is the will, subjected in all things to the control of God, and which in good works should shine out brilliantly, dispersing the gloom of sin. The barking dog is Conscience, which has to struggle against error; but, alas! the soul, desirous of gazing upon the objects of this world, looks abroad as often as it acts contrary to the divine command; and then is willingly seduced by a duke—that is, by the Infernal Ravisher. | WIKI |
Matthew 14:36 “and begged Him they might only touch the hem of His garment. And as many as touched it were made perfectly well.”
The word hem means tassel, border of a garment, or fringe. It was customary to wear tassels on the corners of the garments for the men throughout their generations. God instructed the Jewish men to make blue thread tassels and put them on the edges of their robes. Numbers 15:38-39 says that they would remember all the commandments of the LORD and do them when they recall the tassels. The woman with the issue of blood touched the hem of Jesus’ garment and healed. How was it possible for the woman to be restored? First, faith in being healed, and if she could touch HIS garment, then she knew healing would ensue. Second, Jesus is the Son of God, so he was part deity and part man, and HE had divine power from HIS FATHER, Almighty GOD. Jesus’s power was used to heal the sick of mind and body.
He did not use HIS power all the time because the religious leaders tried to kill Him. Jesus’s main goal was to please the Father while on earth and complete HIS mission to die for our sins on the cross, then resurrect on the third day to complete the cycle so that humankind would live with Jesus in eternity. As I have studied more about the hem of the garment of Jesus, it was one complete robe, and when He was on earth, most garments had two pieces during this time in antiquity. Jesus’s garment was like those of the priest one-piece according to John 19:23-24. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve
Ría Lagartos Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de la Biósfera Ría Lagartos) (established 2004) is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. The reserve is located at the eastern end of the coastal strip of the Yucatán Peninsula, with the Gulf of Mexico at its northern limit. The area encompasses coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico and includes important wetlands designated under the Ramsar Wetlands Convention. The site presents a rich diversity of landscapes and ecosystems, such as mangroves, small estuaries, medium semi-evergreen forest, low deciduous forest, coastal dune vegetation, coastal lagoons, marshes (petenes) and savanna represented by tular vegetation, grasslands and reed beds that are the main nesting sites for marshland and sea birds.
The reserve's surface area (terrestrial and marine) is 60,348 ha. The core area is 23,681.55 ha, surrounded by buffer zone(s) of 36,666.28 ha.
Ecology
Ría Lagartos extends throughout a large wetland area which is a good example of a community characteristic for a coastal tropical savanna climate. The area is considered a globally unique wetland due to its high biological productivity, which in turn is due to conditions of marine to hypersalinity in a karst environment. Given its geographic position, the peninsula keeps a floristic relation with the neighboring regions of Central America, the river basin of the Caribbean Sea and southeastern Mexico.
Flora and fauna
The wetlands is home to at least 2,477 species and 98 varieties of vascular plants. At least 554 vertebrate species can be seen in the reserve, amongst them 142 endemics. Some of the more common animal species include:
* American crocodile
* American flamingo
* American pygmy kingfisher
* American white pelican
* bare-throated tiger heron
* black ctenosaur
* black skimmer
* black vulture
* black-bellied plover
* black-bellied whistling-duck
* black-necked stilt
* brown basilisk
* brown pelican
* common black hawk
* double-crested cormorant
* golden-fronted woodpecker
* great blue heron
* great kiskadee
* great-tailed grackle
* green heron
* green sea turtle
* hawksbill sea turtle
* hooded oriole
* killdeer
* laughing falcon
* laughing gull
* little blue heron
* magnificent frigatebird
* mangrove swallow
* morelet's crocodile
* muscovy duck
* neotropic cormorant
* northern cardinal
* northern jacana
* northern mockingbird
* northern waterthrush
* olive-throated parakeet
* osprey
* peregrine falcon
* raccoon
* red-winged blackbird
* royal tern
* snowy egret
* tricolored heron
* tropical kingbird
* turquoise-browed motmot
* vermilion flycatcher
* wood stork
* Yucatan jay
* Yucatan woodpecker
Human impact
In the last years, the vegetation has been strongly affected by human activities, particularly by agriculture and livestock raising, practices that imply the destruction of vast surfaces of vegetation. Also, it has been affected by natural catastrophes like the hurricanes that regularly hit this region and the subsequent forest fires. The communities located in the biosphere reserve are San Felipe, Río Lagartos, Las Coloradas and El Cuyo. 6,916 permanent residents live in the buffer zone. The use of natural resources dates back to the pre-Hispanic period. The main productive activities today include fishing, agriculture, livestock rearing, salt extraction, tourism, aquaculture and urban development. The ecotourism activity is stimulated to promote the participation of local inhabitants in the conservation of the natural, archaeological, historical and cultural heritage of the biosphere reserve, providing appropriate economic and social benefits.
From a cultural point of view, the territory includes an important Mayan zone dating back to the period of 300 to 50 years BC. The territory belonged to the chieftainship of Ecab in the pre-Hispanic period. Eighteen of the 1,585 identified archaeological sites in Yucatán are located in this area. In addition, the reserve counts three of the eight concheros (banks of marine shells) that exist in the state. | WIKI |
Talk:Barbed wire
Untitled
I'm not too sure about my phrasing of "Farmers" to include homesteaders, nesters, and ranchers using enclosed ranges. See here for more info:
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/FF/auf1.html
Ben Brumfield
- By "soft spans" do you mean "short spans"? -phma
I thought Lucien B. Smith invented it? i ave a book in fornt of me saying he did.
Type of Post
In the western United States we often use Incense Cedar (pseudosuga taxifolia)for fence post material. In particular, we use the core of the tree and receive the benifit of the toxic quality of the wood to repel inscects.
Regards, Edwin Dyer
historiacally native tress, such as poplar were used in Canada, softwoods are perferable though, ceder and spruce are common. In Montana expence of wood has lead to the use of steel posts.
Brett Knoss
Barbed wire in professional wrestling
Probably doesn't belong in the article. It probably needs to be a part of an article about professioanl wrestling instread. Pschemp | Talk 16:37, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
I saw the match in question on PPV and I can say with confidence that JBL did indeed 'test' the barbwire with his forearm (he wasn't actually cut I don't think) with a scared look on his face (probably all kayfabed even though the barbwire was real)
Identity of demonstrator
''Pete McManus is said to have demonstrated barbed-wire in Alamo Square, San Antonio, Texas in 1876. The demonstration showing cattle restrained by the new kind of fencing was followed immediately by invitations to the Menger Hotel to place orders. Within 25 years, nearly all of the open range had been fenced in under private ownership.''
* Various web bios of John "Bet-a-million" Gates say he is the one who, as a saleman for Glidden's barbed wire, set up the pen. I'm thinking "Pete McManus" is not the correct name here. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by StanZegel (talk • contribs) 14:16, 5 February 2006 (UTC)
Fencing humans
During the Soviet-Afghan War, the accommodation of Afghan refugees into Pakistan was controlled in Pakistan's largest province, Balochistan, under General Rahimuddin Khan, by making the refugees stay for controlled durations in barbed wire camps.
The sentence above needs a reference supplied before inclusion in the article. It is not a unique example, we just need to be more careful about specfiing the source of our additions. --Blainster 20:29, 1 August 2006 (UTC)
Ellwood
You cannot really discuss barbed wire without mentioning, Isaac L. Ellwood and probably Jacob Haish. Glidden and Ellwood partnered on the barbed wire venture because they both held patents on it, I am not entirely sure how Haish was involved, but he was.
* Haish's patent is linked at the end of the article. More detail might take some digging. --Blainster 22:07, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
Also I think this article could use some reorganization, maybe some different subheads and some text moved around, what do you folks think? A mcmurray 17:49, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
* It is difficult to comment without knowing what you have in mind re: organizing. How would you respond if someone else asked the same question? Either explain what you want to do if you think it's a big change, or just be bold and take a stab at it. --Blainster 22:07, 20 September 2006 (UTC)
* A history section describing the development in the DeKalb area would be good to add, with the contributions of Rose, Haish, Ellwood, and Glidden. --Blainster 16:33, 21 September 2006 (UTC)
* Didn't mean to fall off on this one, just got occupied with other tasks. I will try to do a review of the article soon and post a to do list or something, maybe an improvement drive is warranted, considering the importance of barbed wire.A mcmurray 22:49, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
Military usage
Somehow the importance of barbed wire, razor wire, and concertina wire in military usage seems not to be reflected in the article. It was particularly important in the Trench warfare of World War I. LeadSongDog come howl 17:57, 23 September 2009 (UTC)
Human Bridges
I'm removing this as it lacks any source. It falls in the category of "things likely to be challenged," and so I'm removing it outright rather than tagging.
I think it may be a reference to exceptional behavior at e.g. Cowra and the Golan Heights, but it's very definitely not standard behavior, much less something soldiers are trained to do.
* Been there, done that. British Army cadets, 1970s. I've restored it as it needs citation, but it's not as outlandish as all that.
* The trick is thick clothing, and not moving at all sideways. You also can't get up easily afterwards (without causing entanglement), so it's best to have comrades lift you clear. Andy Dingley (talk) 19:48, 3 October 2010 (UTC)
* I stand corrected, thank you. Unfortunately I don't know where to find a citation either. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:29, 4 October 2010 (UTC)
Installation
I think this sentence needs some amendment: "If an 8" post is * feet in length is driven four feet into the ground the brace post assembly can be omitted." I'm not really sure what is intended here. If it is just my obtuseness, I apologise in advance. Dawright12 (talk) 12:50, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
* I think what is meant is that if a corner post is driven deeply enough into the ground it does not need bracing. However, the phrase is not only garbled but plain wrong: it would only work in very hard ground, and only while the post retains its full strength. Either it will pull over, or the post will snap when it begins to soften. A strut or guy means it will stay up very much longer, because it does not rely on the strength of the ground nor the rigidity of the post. An unbraced post can only really be used for very shallow corners of 5 degrees or perhaps 10 at a pinch. I have one fence with a corner post made of a telegraph pole 11 feet long and 10 inches wide, driven 8 feet into the ground – and it still needs struts... I've removed the sentence. Richard New Forest (talk) 21:49, 14 April 2011 (UTC)
Bans
Use is banned for animal fences at least in some countries, for safety and animal welfare reasons. Finland at least, can't say for others. Pitke (talk) 18:51, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
* Not in the USA, Not sure the laws back east, but it's actually the only "legal" wire fence allowed in Montana, technically (rail fences also being legal, but stuff like high tensile smooth wire is a legal gray area here). Which, as a horse owner, drives me nuts -- my neighbor keeps insisting that I should rip out my smooth wire and electric and replace it with barbed wire. Yeah, right! =:-O Montanabw (talk) 21:06, 27 August 2012 (UTC)
BBC Radio documentary
Hi all. I don't know much about editing Wikipedia, or whether radio documentaries count as a source, but the documentary of the week on the BBC website this week (radio, unlike TV, should be available in all countries) is called The Devil's Rope, and might be helpful as another reference source for the article... — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:44, 15 July 2014 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Barbed wire. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive http://web.archive.org/web/20080212162858/http://www.bmj.com:80/cgi/content/full/324/7333/317 to http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/324/7333/317
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 16:27, 27 February 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
Thomas, Celtics shoot past Rockets
Thomas, Celtics shoot past Rockets BOSTON — The chants of “M-V-P” are becoming a regular event during Boston Celtics games at TD Garden. However, the crowd chant Wednesday night came with Isaiah Thomas outplaying one of the other MVP candidates. Boston’s little big man put on another fourth-quarter show, outplaying Houston’s James Harden and leading the Celtics to a 120-109 victory over the Rockets. The Celtics ended a three-game losing streak and produced their first win over an NBA Elite this season. And when it was over, Thomas, asked if the chants meant more coming with Harden on the floor, said, “No. It always means a lot with the best fans in the world. It doesn’t matter who is in the building. “The fans are great, and they treat me really good.” Thomas scored 11 consecutive Boston points in the fourth quarter as the Celtics (27-18) came back from 11 points down in the first half and scored 68 points in the second half. Thomas said it felt like a big game, a playoff atmosphere, adding, “It was a game we needed. It was a must-win for us, and we played like it. “We got to be a little more consistent in playing that way and we’ll be all right.” Harden scored 30 points, but he struggled all night, even with the Celtics missing Avery Bradley to guard him. Jae Crowder was the main defender, but every time Harden looked up, there was another Celtic in his face, switching on screens. “I got a couple good looks,” said Harden, who shot just 6 of 18 from the floor and needed to make the last three just to get to 33.3 percent. “The major part about it, we didn’t get stops defensively. “They created a lot of mismatches. Isaiah made big plays — whether it was scoring or making the right pass. Every time we messed up defensively, they made us pay for it. Credit to them. They made shots.” And they rebounded. The Celtics, not known for their board work, ran up a 48-30 margin on the glass, improving to 13-1 in games where they have either topped or equaled the opposition. Harden was 16 of 19 from the foul line, making him 34 of 37 in two games against Boston this season. The game turned on a bizarre play that saw Harden get fouled by Crowder on a drive after getting out of a double team. As the whistle blew, Harden threw his left hand out and caught Jonas Jerebko behind him, knocking the Celtic down and cutting him. Jerebko needed four stitches on his upper lip. Harden was called for a flagrant-1 foul. He made his free throws to tie the game, and Thomas went down to the other end and hit two free throws, triggering a 13-2 run that put the game away. Thomas, notching his 29th straight 20-point game, added nine assists and five rebounds in the win. He leads the league in fourth-quarter scoring, hitting 10 a game before his 13 Wednesday. Harden had 12 assists and six rebounds but turned the ball over seven times. He was 2 of 11 from 3-point range. Crowder logged 23 points, 10 rebounds and four assists, and Al Horford scored 20 and added nine assists in the win. Horford was limping at the end of the game, and he told Celtics radio, “We’ll see what it is. I think it’s the groin. It was a very weird feeling.” The Rockets (34-15) absorbed their sixth loss in nine games. They now have only their second two-game losing streak of the season. Ryan Anderson scored 19 points and Sam Dekker came off the bench to contribute 15 for Houston. “We scored enough. We just didn’t stop them enough,” Rockets coach Mike D’Antoni said. The Rockets led by as many as 11 in a first half that saw the Celtics guilty of 19 personal and three technical fouls, one of them to the normally mild-mannered Stevens. Houston sixth man Eric Gordon, averaging 17.4 points per game, missed the game, D’Antoni saying, “He just went out to shoot and felt good. Then during the shooting, something just caught him and he was a late scratch.” NOTES: Celtics G Marcus Smart apologized for arguing with assistant coaches over wanting to go back into Tuesday night’s game. Asked about punching a hole in a wall in Washington, he said, “If it’s a hole in the wall, I guess I put it there.”.... Boston G Gerald Green, who missed the Tuesday loss at Washington because of illness, was back and scored seven points in 16:14 on Wednesday. ... Celtics G Avery Bradley (Achilles) remained out, and coach Brad Stevens changed his starting lineup to include Fs Jonas Jerebko and Jaylen Brown as Smart and Amir Johnson did not start. Jerebko had seven points and seven rebounds. ... The Rockets rested F Nene, who is averaging 7.9 points and 3.7 rebounds per game off the bench. ... The Rockets continue their four-game road trip on Friday night at Philadelphia. The Celtics host the Orlando Magic the same night. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
MIDEAST STOCKS-Gulf may have firm tone; CIB earnings could boost Egypt
DUBAI, July 20 (Reuters) - Gulf stock markets may have a modestly firm tone on Thursday because of an overnight rise in oil prices and strong global equities, while positive earnings at Egypt’s biggest bank could buoy the market there. Brent oil gained 1.8 percent on Wednesday to above $49.50 a barrel, while Wall Street hit record highs on the back of strong earnings reports. Qatar’s stock market has been rebounding in recent days as quarterly bank earnings and macroeconomic data show the impact of the country’s diplomatic crisis on the economy so far is not as bad as some had feared. Non-Arab foreign investors have been net buyers of stocks, while Gulf investors have continued to cut holdings in Qatar. Egypt’s Commercial International Bank reported second-quarter consolidated net profit after minority interests of 1.83 billion Egyptian pounds ($102 million) versus 1.46 billion pounds a year ago, with consolidated revenue surging to 3.55 billion pounds. However, part of the rise is due to devaluation of the Egyptian pound, while the stock is already up 18 percent this year in anticipation of good earnings. (Reporting by Andrew Torchia) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Prophetstown State Park
Prophetstown State Park commemorates a Native American village founded in 1808 by Shawnee leaders Tecumseh and his brother Tenskwatawa north of present-day Lafayette, Indiana, which grew into a large, multi-tribal community. The park features an open-air museum at Prophetstown, with living history exhibits including a Shawnee village and a 1920s-era farmstead. Battle Ground, Indiana, is a village about a mile east of the site of the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, a crucial battle in Tecumseh's War which ultimately led to the demise of Prophetstown. The state park was established in 2004 and receives about 335,000 visitors annually.
History
The park was first proposed in 1989 but did not receive funding from the Indiana legislature until 1994. Land acquisition continued through 1999 when the legislature funded $3.7 million to create the park. Indiana Governor Joe Kernan formally dedicated the park in 2004. The campground opened the following year and was a partnership with Lafayette as part of the Lafayette Inn tax proceeds. Construction of the aquatic park began in October 2012 and was completed in 2013 after lobbying by local officials to drive more visitors to the park and Tippecanoe County.
The Farm at Prophetstown is a non-profit organization that rents approximately 125 acre from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources to show farming life as it was in the 1920s.
Facilities and activities
* Historic Prophetstown farmstead, a 1920s living history farm.
* Woodland Indian settlement with replicas of a Shawnee council house and medicine lodge
* Hiking trail (2.75 mi)
* Bicycle trail (2.4 mi)
* Interpretative naturalist services
* Picnic areas and shelters
* Camping, with 110 campsites and a dumping station | WIKI |
ES6 templates, empty HTML vs creating tags in a template
ES6 templates, empty HTML vs creating tags in a template
0
#1
When doing projects, specially using APIs, I find myself sometimes creating empty HTML where I know I will add later my API requests results. Now ES6 gives us the possibility to create big chunks of HTML easily so I find myself not knowing which is the best approach now. Imagine the API returns a header, a paragraph and an image, should I create those tags in html, give them a class or an id and leave them there empty to later append the API results? Or should I simply create a template and append all that to a parent element?
Thanks for any feedback.
#2
I always recommend handlebars for templating. There is no benefit to writing your HTML out in JavaScript, so creating templates that you compile with handlebars is a great solution. I’ve got a simple example with your usecase here:
#4
I’ve heard about that, I’m actually doing a test for a job position, I have to use the Github API to create a simple API to search for users: I got that working and I have to deliver it Monday with Unit testing which I know nothing about and I’m currently studying that on full speed : ) , I can’t really get myself to learn how to use handlebars right now but I appreciate the feedback, I’ll check it in the future.
basically to display a list of the user repos I’m doing:
const li = document.createElement("LI");
li.innerHTML = `<h3> ${responseObj[i].name} </h3> <span> <i class='fa fa-star' aria-hidden='true'></i> ${responseObj[i].stargazers_count} <i class='fa fa-code-fork' aria-hidden='true'> </i> ${responseObj[i].forks_count} </span> `;
list.appendChild(li);
Is that horrible? (I have to say I like to use templates like this, but I don’t know if it’s frowned upon).
#5
No, template strings are just fine, especially for something as simple as an interview question. I actually got this same sort of question in a recent interview. I did just what you’re doing and got the job.
#6
Ah well it’s a project I have to deliver actually : ) But good to know, thanks again. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
This is the era of whole-genome sequencing; DNA sequence data are becoming available at a rate unanticipated even a few years ago, providing biologists with both tremendous opportunities as well as serious challenges (because of the overwhelming mass of data). Comparative genomics is greatly aided by taking a phylogenetic approach: systematically relating nested sets of genomes on an evolutionary tree, using complex new computer algorithms. Natural history museums, and the research they enable, are thus poised to take an increasingly important role in collaborations with genomic biologists and computer scientists.
A recent synthesis of phylogenetic systematics and molecular biology/genomics – two fields once estranged – is beginning to form a new field that could be called “phylogenomics.” Something can be learned about the function of genes by examining them in one organism. However, a much richer array of tools is available using a phylogenetic approach. Close sister-group comparisons between lineages differing in a critical phenotype (e.g., desiccation or freeze tolerance) can allow a quick narrowing of the search for genetic causes. Dissecting a complicated, evolutionarily advanced genotype/phenotype complex (e.g., development of the angiosperm flower or the vertebrate backbone), by tracing the components back through simpler ancestral reconstructions, can lead to quicker understanding. Hence, phylogenomics allows one to go beyond the use of pairwise sequence similarities, and use phylogenetic comparative methods to confirm and/or to establish gene function and interactions. Most importantly for the systematist, the new comparative genomic data should also greatly increase the accuracy of reconstructions of the Tree of Life.
Berkeley Natural History Museums researchers are involved in an increasing number of genomics collaborations. Current projects include: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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problem getting specialized method to be used
No replies
Matthew Pocock 3
Joined: 2010-07-30,
User offline. Last seen 42 years 45 weeks ago.
Hi,
I'm having real trouble getting a specialized version of a def to be used. I have 3 different factory methods for making instances of one of the matrix types in scalala.
def apply[@specialized(Int, Long, Float, Double) V: Scalar: ClassManifest: DefaultArrayValue](domain: TableDomain): CCSMatrix[V]def apply[R, @specialized(Int, Long, Float, Double) V](rows: R*)(implicit rl : LiteralRow[R, V], scalar: Scalar[V]): CCSMatrix[V] def zeros[@specialized(Int, Long, Float, Double) V](rows: Int, cols: Int)(implicit s: Scalar[V]): CCSMatrix[V]
The first and third of these seem to behave just fine. When you invoke them from code, it runs one of the specialized defs and returns the right implementation. E.g.
val m3 = CCSMatrix.apply[Double](TableDomain(3,3)) // scalala.tensor.sparse.CCSMatrix$mcD$spval z3 = CCSMatrix.zeros[Double](3,3) // scalala.tensor.sparse.CCSMatrix$mcD$sp
However, the 2nd one refuses to behave itself.
val mSq = CCSMatrix.apply((1.0, 2.0), (3.0, 4.0)) // scala.tensor.sparse.CCSMatrix
In the bytecode, you can see that it's pulled in all the 'right' implicits. We can even fill them in manually with the exact same ones as the compiler injects above:
val mSq = CCSMatrix.apply[(Double, Double), Double]((1.0, 2.0),(3.0, 4.0))(LiteralRow.tuple2, Scalar.scalarD)
Still no joy. Yet, when I look in the bytecode I can see, plain as day, the specialized versions for this apply() are present, and both the tuple2 and scalarD are the specialized versions of those type classes. Yet, at the call-site, it's using the non-specialized version.
At one point I thought it could have been R* confusing things, but when I wrote a version that uses R, still no joy. I'm stuck over how to debug this further. I'm really not sure why it is failing to bind to the specialized version of apply() here, particularly as it seems to work in the other two cases.
This is with scala 2.9.0-1.
Matthew
--
Dr Matthew PocockVisitor, School of Computing Science, Newcastle Universitymailto: turingatemyhamster [at] gmail [dot] com gchat: turingatemyhamster [at] gmail [dot] commsn: matthew_pocock [at] yahoo [dot] co [dot] uk irc.freenode.net: drdozertel: (0191) 2566550mob: +447535664143
Copyright © 2012 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Nightmare Creatures
Repeating
How many times must the essential plot be repeated?
Lots42 23:26, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
Adrenaline Bar in Port Differences
That paragraph is a bit confusing. Does it mean that the bar can be turned on and off in all versions or just for the N64? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:13, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
Survival Horror? Under what definition?
I think, by definition, this is not a survival horror game. While the adrenaline mechanic is somewhat conceptually similar to inventory management, it is used to emphasize combat. Emphasis on combat is definitely not a feature of survival horror, nor is platforming. GiantBomb (https://www.giantbomb.com/nightmare-creatures/3030-584/) lists it as an Action-adventure game. I think it should be listed the same here. LordVanya (talk) 07:34, 8 June 2017 (UTC)
* GiantBomb is a wiki, i.e. a WP:USERG source; editors of GiantBomb could just as easily argue that they should list the game as survival horror because that's how it is listed on Wikipedia. Your reasoning that platforming and emphasis on combat are incompatible with being survival horror is baffling, not only because it's not apparent how those elements interfere with the genre's nature, but because by that reasoning even series like Resident Evil, Dead Space, and Fatal Frame don't have a single installment that can be classified as survival horror. Are there any reliable sources that classify Nightmare Creatures as anything other than survival horror? Martin IIIa (talk) 02:02, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
3 now means 2?
I wanna hear a detail explanation on how a third game, even though it was cancelled, counts as a "second sequel" to game that already had a 2nd sequel?--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:20, 12 July 2021 (UTC)
* Can you clarify what the three sequels you are referring to were? I may have missed something, but looking at the article I saw mention of only two sequels, "Nightmare Creatures II" and "Nightmare Creatures III: Angel of Darkness". What was the other one?JBW (talk) 08:04, 12 July 2021 (UTC)
* Don't know how I overlooked this thread before, but yes, to reiterate JBW's point, if you insist on editing the article to refer to a "third sequel", surely you must be able to name three sequels. Otherwise, how can you be sure that a third sequel even exists, much less that Nightmare Creatures III is it? Martin IIIa (talk) 02:06, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
Voice actors
Is there any known list of the voice actors for this game. Even IMDB doesn't have any info. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:54, 2 January 2023 (UTC)
* It doesn't matter; we can't list voice actors in this article per WP:VGSCOPE point 11. Martin IIIa (talk) 02:08, 3 March 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Neon Genesis Evangelion (video game)
Neon Genesis Evangelion (新世紀エヴァンゲリオン), also referred to as Neon Genesis Evangelion 64, is a 1999 fighting game released for the Nintendo 64 in Japan by Bandai. It is based on the Gainax anime series Neon Genesis Evangelion and the 1997 film that serves as its conclusion, The End of Evangelion. Players control a mech named Evangelion Unit 01 to destroy a race of aliens known as the Angels before they eradicate the rest of the human race. The game is known for its alterations to the source material in order to make its dystopian and unsettling atmosphere suitable for an action game, and features unique endings and plotlines not present in other Evangelion media.
Evangelion 64 was developed by BEC, a company formed as a joint venture between Bandai and Human Entertainment, and supervised by Gainax. The game received mixed reviews, though it was a moderate commercial success. Reviewers were primarily critical of its lack of player involvement and reliance on button-tapping sequences. Several have identified its graphics and cutscenes as being of higher quality than other games on the Nintendo 64, with some saying it was one of the system's best from a technical standpoint. A PlayStation 2 sequel, Neon Genesis Evangelion 2, was released three years later.
Gameplay
Neon Genesis Evangelion 64 is a fighting video game similar to games such as Cyber Troopers: Virtual On (1995). Its plot is loosely based on the anime, taking place in 2015 where 75% of Earth's population has been wiped out by alien beings known as Angels. The organization "NERV" assigns three teenage pilots—Shinji Ikari, Rei Ayanami, and Asuka Langley Soryu—to pilot a cyborg named the Evangelion to destroy the Angels before they eradicate the rest of the human race.
The player controls one of these pilots through a series of levels, each being based on a specific episode of the anime. The pilots faces can be seen during battle and change their facial expression in reaction to events just like in the original anime. The Evangelion must defeat an enemy Angel through melee and projectile attacks, while preventing the Angel from inflicting damage on the Evangelion. The Evangelion begins with standard kicking and punching attacks; later levels allow it to use weapons such as machine guns and knives. Inputting specific button commands enacts a short cutscene showing the Angel being heavily damaged in battle. One mission in the game plays similarly like Bust a Groove.
The player has to be aware of several other factors in battle. If the Evangelion is at low health, it can become "berserk" and temporarily increase its strength and power. Also, the Evangelion has an umbilical cord which if severed will then only have five minutes of battery power to operate. Additionally, a temporary shield called an "AT Field" can be generated to defend against attacks. There is also the "synchronization rate" which shows the bond between the pilot and mech and is indicated by a graph on the screen. It increases with successful attacks, giving the player more powerful attacks. Outside the main game, meeting certain conditions will result in unlocking additional gameplay modes. One mode is a shooting gallery minigame where players use the Evangelion to shoot formations of Angels, and a multiplayer mode where players fight against each other using multiple Evangelions. The player can also play as Rei and Asuka. After progressing through the game, players are given a mode to view 3D models of all characters in the game.
Development and release
The Neon Genesis Evangelion anime was a very popular series after its release in Japan making video game adaptions inevitable. Neon Genesis Evangelion 64 was developed for the Nintendo 64 by BEC, a video game development subsidiary of Japanese toymaker Bandai. BEC was founded in 1990 as a joint venture between Bandai and Human Entertainment, with most of its staff being employed from Human's game design school. Evangelion 64 is a loose adaptation of the Gainax-produced anime series and its 1997 film adaptation The End of Evangelion.
Most video game adaptions of robot anime series tend to be action focused, but Evangelion 64 instead opted to reproduce scenes from the anime, which depending on players choices could produce a different outcome. The game is known for its heavy alterations to the source material in order to make the anime's dystopian and unsettling atmosphere suitable for an action game; as such, it includes plotlines and endings that are not present in other Evangelion media. Gainax supervised its development, with company co-founder Shin Unozawa being assigned to project director. Bandai worked to implement most of the characters from the series into the game, though several were relegated to small background cameos. The game's audio was created by Jun Enoki, who replicated a number of musical themes from the anime in MIDI. However, the game lacks the song "Fly Me to the Moon" from the show's closing sequence. The audio incorporates archive footage of the characters' voices from the anime, which was limited in use by the low storage size of N64 cartridges.
Evangelion 64 was announced in October 1998 and demonstrated at the Tokyo Game Show the same month, where it generated the longest player lines at the tradeshow. The game was released in Japan on June 25, 1999, and was bundled with a pack of three Evangelion-themed cards that were compatible with Carddass card vending machines for amusement arcades. A strategy guide published by Kadokawa Shoten was also released for the game that included an overview of each mech in the game, as well as gameplay tips. Bandai's North American division considered releasing Evangelion 64 in the United States if it deemed its gameplay suitable for Western audiences. Ultimately, the game was not released outside of Japan.
Reception
Famitsu reports that Neon Genesis Evangelion 64 sold over 38,000 copies by the end of 1999. Reviewers were primarily critical of the game's lack of player involvement. Christian Nutt of GameSpot believed its redeeming qualities were overshadowed by the limited interactivity: "The serious problem here is that the game fails to do what a game should do — deliver an engaging play experience." Nutt disliked its combat and button tapping sequences. N64 Magazine writer Jes Bickham had the same opinion and showed disappointment in its quality. Nick O'Shea, a reviewer for Hyper, described the game as "interactive anime" with limited moves in combat and battles that often were reduced to "button mashing". Reviewers for GameFan echoed these same complaints, and suggested it would have been much better as a standard fighting game.
Multiple reviewers have found Evangelion 64 impressive from a technical perspective. Gamers' Republic, which listed it as being among the best import games in its 1999 Video Game Buyers Guide and Y2K Preview, commended Bandai for successfully translating the anime's atmosphere and drama into a video game. Nutt showed admiration towards the voice acting and graphics for being "surprisingly well represented" by the Nintendo 64's limited capabilities. Several believed only fans of the series would enjoy it. Lionel Coen, writing in X64, remarked that those with no knowledge of the series would have very limited interest in the game while those who are fans would delight in seeing scenes from the series translated into a video game. Bruno Sol of Superjuegos also commended the title for faithfully reproducing most of the events from the anime series and the film Death & Rebirth.
Retrospective commentary has been equally mixed. Some reviewers regretted that the game was not released outside of Japan. Play magazine went so far as to say that it was "sheer madness" that the game was not released outside of Japan and listed it as the 10th best anime game of all time. Daniel Quesada of Hobby Consolas felt it was a good adaption of the series with well-designed graphics, and more interesting than the majority of Evangelion video games. Others were more critical, such as USgamer, which called the game mediocre and suggested Evangelion fans should play Super Robot Wars V instead. Kotaku's Richard Eisenbeis was critical of its button-tapping sequences and the slow movement speed of the Evangelion. Writing for Hardcore Gaming 101, Brian Crimmins found its cutscenes and graphics impressive for the console, and saw it as a game that could have potentially given the Nintendo 64 an edge over its competitors. Despite this, Crimmins was critical of the game's handling of its source material, particularly removing the anime's unsettling and psychologically dampening tone in favor of one that was more lighthearted. He described it as being "best remembered as a technical curiosity, and perhaps as a lesson in how to adapt existing franchises to video game form". | WIKI |
Talk:Focus city
Origins of term "Focus City"
I removed reference to TWA being the 1st to start using the term in mid-1990s. Firstly, I could not verify it. Secondly, San Juan as TWA "focus city" was only announced in 1999 so there's no way it was the first one, as the unsourced reference claimed. However, it would be interesting to find out where the term really came from. Gb6819 21:06, 21 June 2007 (UTC)
Focus City
This is a bit of a gray term.... as traditional carriers with reduced costs due to just plain smart business plans, along with Legacy carries which due to bankruptcy reorganizations are no longer truely legacy carriers, as they have now adapted to airline deregulation.
Both of these types of carriers also fly point to point and with low fares. Alaska Airlines for example has a very low cost structure similar to other low-cost carriers like Southwest Airlines and some of those mentioned in the article, but is a traditional full service airline.
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:20, 11 June 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Equity Indeces Reverse Losses; Crude Oil Falls Hard
Heading into the final hour before the close Friday, the Dow reversed losses and is trading up 0.12 percent to 16,934.83 while the NASDAQ gained 0.43 percent to 4,415.18. The S&P also reversed losses to trade up 0.12 percent to 1,966.96.
Leading and Lagging Sectors
Telecommunications services shares gained around 0.25 percent in today's trading. Top gainers in the sector included NQ Mobile (NYSE: NQ ), Allot Communications (NASDAQ: ALLT ), and SK Telecom Co (NYSE: SKM ).
In trading on Friday, energy shares were relative laggards, down on the day by about 0.40 percent. Top losers in the sector included Callon Petroleum Company (NYSE: CPE ), down 5.67 percent, and Tesco (NASDAQ: TESO ), off 3.99 percent.
Top Headline
Wells Fargo & Co (NYSE: WFC ) reported a gain in its second-quarter profit.
Wells Fargo's quarterly profit surged to $5.7 billion, or $1.01 per share, from a year-ago profit of $5.5 billion, or $0.98 per share.
Its revenue declined 3.4% to $21.1 billion from $21.4 billion. However, analysts were expecting a profit of $1.01 per share on revenue of $20.84 billion.
Equities Trading UP
ChannelAdvisor (NYSE: ECOM ) shares shot up 4.40 percent to $24.18. Deutsche Bank upgraded Channel Advisor from Hold to Buy. ChannelAdvisor is expected to release its Q2 financial results on August 4, 2014.
Shares of Lorillard (NYSE: LO ) got a boost, shooting up 4.31 percent to $65.81. Lorillard confirmed that Lorillard and Reynolds American (NYSE: RAI ) are engaged in discussions regarding RAI's potential acquisition of Lorillard. Cowen & Company initiated coverage on Lorillard with a Underperform rating.
Amazon.com (NASDAQ: AMZN ) shares were also up, gaining 5.27 percent to $345.21. Amazon.com's June same-store sales grew 34 percent, according to the e-commerce market research shop ChannelAdvisor.
Equities Trading DOWN
Shares of Kofax (NASDAQ: KFX ) were down 10.89 percent to $7.20 after the company reported selected preliminary unaudited results for FY14. Kofax expected FY14 sales of $295.0 million to $298.0 million.
Rent-A-Center (NASDAQ: RCII ) shares tumbled 11.08 percent to $25.83 after the company issued a downbeat guidance for the second quarter. The company expected adjusted earnings of $0.36 to $0.38 per share on revenue of around $773 million.
MGIC Investment (NYSE: MTG ) was down, falling 10.82 percent to $8.24 following the FHFA proposal. The company released monthly operating statistics for June.
Commodities
In commodity news, oil traded down 2.40 percent to $100.46, while gold traded down 0.13 percent to $1,337.50.
Silver traded down 0.20 percent Friday to $21.47, while copper gained 0.08 percent to $3.27.
Eurozone
European shares were mostly higher today.
The eurozone's STOXX 600 rose 0.14 percent, the Spanish Ibex Index surged 0.05 percent, while Italy's FTSE MIB Index climbed 0.62 percent.
Meanwhile, the German DAX rose 0.07 percent and the French CAC 40 climbed 0.35 percent while UK shares gained 0.07 percent.
Economics
The U.S. Treasury monthly budget report for June was released at 2:00 p.m. ET and showed Total Receipts were $324.0B with Total Outlays at $253.0B and a Surplus of $71.0B. Full Report Link here: http://fms.treas.gov/mts/mts0614.pdf
© 2014 Benzinga.com. Benzinga does not provide investment advice. All rights reserved.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How Sleep Disorder May Make Your Life Hell
By | March 15, 2018
Sound sleep without any disorder is a great boon to mankind. People however do suffer from sleep disorder. They are going to bed but they are really unable to have sound sleep. If you suffer from sleep disorders then some basic knowledge about it is essential. Sleep disorder is also known by the name Somnipathy. Sleep disorder may be defined as such kind of desire by which an individual becomes unable to perform his or her normal sleep conventions. These disorders may occur regularly to sometime or it may happen occasionally also. Mental and emotional fatigue is mainly caused by such disorders. Physical imbalance may also be caused by it.
I. There are various kinds of sleeping disorders.
II. The overall growth of a human being depends on sound sleep. Improper sleep may be the cause of hypertension, anxiety, depression etc.. It is impossible to perform daily routines without proper sleep.
III. People are not aware of the problems of sleep disorder. There are various forms and symptoms of sleeping disorder. A person suffering from sleep disorder will show constant fatigue, dire need for caffeine etc.
IV. The symptoms may vary from person to person. Insomnia may be the cause of these disorders.. The main causes of insomnia symptoms are bad habits, irregular sleeping time, massive working pressure, tension or addiction to caffeine or tobacco. Sleeping disorder cannot be cured without a patient’s good intentions.. When bad habits like addiction, irregular sleeping time are given up together with incorporation of good habits like physical exercise, relaxation etc, sleeping disorders can be overcome.
Read More: Kill The Addiction Built The Conviction With Generic Zyban
V. Another form of sleeping disorder is sleep apnea. . The main symptoms of this disorder are, snoring, breathing problems, panting and choking. The patient may feel still tires even he or she had a good and sound sleep over the night.
VI. Restless leg syndrome is another irritating kind of sleep disorder. This syndrome is caused by alcoholism, anemia, Parkinson’s disease etc.
I. Whatever, sound sleep is the most important factor to lead a healthy life. ` A healthy life is determined by sound sleep. If you suffer from problems like bed wetting, hypertension, sleepwalking etc you are suffering from sleep disorder. If you suffer from any one of the above symptoms consult your physician immediately.
Author is an expert writer on sleep disorder articles and you can find more information on types of sleep disorders and sleep disorders. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of airports by ICAO code: O
Format of entries is:
* ICAO (IATA) – Airport Name – Airport Location
OA - Afghanistan
* OAAK – Andkhoy Airport – Andkhoy, Faryab
* OABN (BIN) – Bamyan Airport (Shahid Mazari Airport) – Bamyan
* OABT (BST) – Bost Airport – Lashkargah
* OACC (CCN) – Chaghcharan Airport – Chaghcharan
* OADS (SBF) – Sardeh Band Airport – Sardeh Band, Ghazni
* OADY – Dwyer Airport (military) – Lashkargah
* OADZ (DAZ) – Darwaz Airport – Darwaz
* OAEM – Eshkashem Airport – Ishkashim, Badakhshan
* OAFR (FAH) – Farah Airport – Farah
* OAFZ (FBD) – Fayzabad Airport – Fayzabad
* OAGA – Ghaziabad Airport – Ghaziabad, Nangarhar
* OAGN (GZI) – Ghazni Airport – Ghazni
* OAGZ (GRG) – Gardez Airport – Gardez, Paktia
* OAHN (KWH) – Khwahan Airport – Khwahan
* OAHR (HEA) – Herat International Airport (Khwaja Abdullah Ansari International Airport) – Herat
* OAIX (OAI) – Bagram Airfield – Bagram near Charikar
* OAJL (JAA) – Jalalabad Airport – Jalalabad (currently military only - new civilian airport being planned)
* OAKB (KBL) – Kabul International Airport (Khwaja Rawash Airport) – Kabul
* OAKN (KDH) – Ahmad Shah Baba International Airport – Kandahar
* OAKS (KHT) – Khost Airport – Khost
* OAMK – Muqur Airport – Muqur
* OAMN (MMZ) – Maymana Airport – Maymana
* OAMS (MZR) – Mawlānā Jalāl ad-Din Muhammad Balkhī International Airport – Mazar-i-Sharif
* OANL – Nili Airport – Nili, Daykundi
* OAON (URN) – Urgun Airport – Urgun, Paktia
* OAPJ – Panjab Airport – Panjab, Bamyan
* OAQA (APH) – Qalat Airport – Qalat, Zabul Province
* OAQN (LQN) – Qala i Naw Airport (Qala Nau Airport) – Qala i Naw
* OARG (URZ) – Uruzgan Airport – Khas Uruzgan District, Uruzgan Province
* OARZ (KUR) – Razer Airport – Kuran wa Munjan, Badakhshan
* OASA (OAS) – Sharana Airstrip – Sharana, Paktia
* OASD (OAH) – Shindand Air Base – Shindand, Herat (military)
* OASG – Sheberghan Airfield – Jowzjan Province
* OASL (OLR) – Forward Operating Base Salerno – Khost
* OASN (SGA) – Sheghnan Airport – Shighnan
* OATN (TII) – Tarinkot Airport – Tarinkot (Tereen)
* OATQ (TQN) – Taloqan Airport – Taloqan
* OATW – Taywara Airport – Taywara
* OAUZ (UND) – Kunduz Airport – Kunduz
* OAYQ – Yangi Qaleh Airport – Yangi Qala District, Takhar Province
* OAYW – Yawan Airport – Yawan District, Badakhshan
* OAZI – Camp Bastion Airfield – Helmand near Lashkargah (military)
* OAZJ (ZAJ) – Zaranj Airport – Zaranj
OB - Bahrain
* OBBI (BAH) – Bahrain International Airport – Manama
* OBBS – Sheik Isa Air Base
OE - Saudi Arabia
* OEAA – Abu Ali Airport – Jubail (owned by Aramco)
* OEAB (AHB) – Abha International Airport – Abha
* OEAH (HOF) – al-Ahsa International Airport – Hofuf
* OEAO (ULH) – Prince Abdul Majeed bin Abdulaziz International Airport – Al-'Ula
* OEBA (ABT) – al-Baha Domestic Airport – al-Baha
* OEBH (BHH) – Bisha Domestic Airport – Bisha
* OEBQ – Abqaiq Airport – Abqaiq (owned by Aramco)
* OEDF (DMM) – King Fahd International Airport – Dammam
* OEDR (DHA) – King Abdulaziz Air Base (formerly Dhahran International Airport) – Dhahran
* OEDW – Dawadmi Domestic Airport – Dawadmi
* OEGN (GIZ) – Jizan Regional Airport (King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Airport) – Gizan (also known as Jizan or Jazan.)
* OEGS (ELQ) – Prince Naif bin Abdulaziz International Airport – Buraidah, Gassim (also known as al Gassim or al Qasim)
* OEGT (URY) – Gurayat Domestic Airport – Gurayat (also known as Guriat)
* OEHL (HAS) – Ha'il Regional Airport – Ha'il
* OEHR – Haradh Airport – Haradh (owned by Aramco)
* OEJB (QJB)– Jubail Airport – Jubail
* OEJF – King Abdulaziz Naval Base – Jubail
* OEJL – King Faisal Naval Base – Jeddah
* OEJN (JED) – King Abdulaziz International Airport – Jeddah
* OEKK (KMC) – King Khaled Military City Airport – King Khalid Military City
* OEKM (KMX) – King Khalid Air Base – Khamis Mushait
* OEKN – Khurais Airport – Khurais (owned by Aramco)
* OEMA (MED) – Prince Mohammad bin Abdulaziz International Airport – Medina (Mecca)
* OENG (EAM) – Najran Domestic Airport – Najran (also known as Nejran)
* OENN (NUM) – Neom Bay Airport – Neom
* OEPA (AQI) – Al Qaisumah/Hafr Al Batin Airport – Qaisumah (also known as Qaysumah)
* OEPK – IPSA-3 Airport – Al-Sadawi (owned by Aramco)
* OERF (RAH) – Rafha Domestic Airport – Rafha
* OERK (RUH) – King Khalid International Airport – Riyadh
* OERM – Ras Mishab Airport – Ras Mishab (military)
* OERR (RAE) – Arar Domestic Airport – Arar (also known as Ar'ar)
* OERT – Ras Tanura Airport – Ras Tanura (owned by Aramco)
* OERY – Riyadh Air Base – Riyadh (formerly Riyadh International Airport)
* OESB – Shaybah Airport – Shaybah (owned by Aramco)
* OESH (SHW) – Sharurah Domestic Airport – Sharurah (also known as Sharorah)
* OESK (AJF) – Al-Jouf Domestic Airport – al-Jouf (also known as al-Jawf)
* OETB (TUU) – Tabuk Regional Airport (Prince Sultan bin Abdulaziz Airport) – Tabuk
* OETF (TIF) – Ta’if Regional Airport – Ta’if
* OETH – Thumamah Airport – Ath Thumamah
* OETN – Ras Tanajib Airport – Tanajib (owned by Aramco)
* OETR (TUI) – Turaif Domestic Airport – Turaif
* OEUD – Udhayliyah Airport – Udhailiyah (owned by Aramco)
* OEWD (WAE) – Wadi al-Dawasir Domestic Airport – Wadi al-Dawasir
* OEWJ (EJH) – Al Wajh Domestic Airport – Wedjh (also known as Wejh)
* OEYN (YNB) – Yanbu Airport (Prince Abdul Mohsin Bin Abdulaziz International Airport) – Yanbu (also known as Yenbo)
OI - Iran
* OIAA (ABD) – Ayatollah Jami International Airport – Abadan
* OIAD (DEF) – Dezful Airport – Dezful
* OIAE – Behbahan Airport – Behbahan
* OIAH (GCH) – Gachsaran Airport – Dogonbadan
* OIAI – Shahid Asiyaee Airport – Masjed Soleyman
* OIAJ (OMI) – Omidiyeh Air Base – Omidiyeh
* OIAM (MRX) – Mahshahr Airport – Mahshahr
* OIAW (AWZ) – Ahvaz International Airport (Lieutenant General Qasem Soleimani International Airport) – Ahwaz
* OIBA (AEU) – Abu Musa Airport – Abu Musa
* OIBB (BUZ) – Bushehr Airport – Bushehr
* OIBH (IAQ) – Bastak Air Base – Bastak
* OIBI (YEH) – Asalouyeh Airport – Asalouyeh (military)
* OIBJ (KNR) – Jam Airport – Bandar Kangan
* OIBK (KIH) – Kish International Airport – Kish Island
* OIBL (BDH) – Bandar Lengeh Airport – Bandar Lengeh
* OIBP (PGU) –Persian Gulf Airport – Khalije Fars, Assaluyeh
* OIBQ (KHK) – Khark Airport – Kharg
* OIBS (SXI) – Sirri Island Airport – Sirri Island
* OIBV (LVP) – Lavan Airport – Lavan Island
* OIBX – Tunb Airport – Greater and Lesser Tunbs
* OICC (KSH) – Kermanshah Airport (Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani Airport) – Kermanshah
* OICD – Abdanan Airport – Abdanan
* OICI (IIL) – Ilam Airport – Ilam
* OICK (KHD) – Khorramabad International Airport – Khorramabad
* OICS (SDG) – Sanandaj Airport – Sanandaj
* OIFE (IFH) – Hesa Air Base – Isfahan (Esfahan)
* OIFK (KKS) – Kashan Airport – Kashan
* OIFP – Badr Air Base – Isfahan (Esfahan)
* OIFM (IFN) – Isfahan International Airport (Esfahan Shahid Beheshti Int'l) – Isfahan (Esfahan)
* OIFS (CQD) – Shahrekord International Airport – Shahrekord
* OIGG (RAS) – Rasht Airport (Sardar Jangal Airport) – Rasht
* OIHH (HDM) – Hamadan International Airport – Hamadan
* OIHR (AJK) – Arak International Airport – Arak
* OIHS (NUJ) – Hamedan Air Base (Shahrokhi Air Base) – Hamadan
* OIIA – Qazvin-Azadi Airport – Qarpuzabad
* OIIC – Kushke Nosrat Airport – Qom Province
* OIID – Doshan Tappeh Air Base – Tehran
* OIIE (IKA) – Imam Khomeini International Airport – Tehran
* OIIG – Ghale Morghi Airport – Tehran
* OIII (THR) – Mehrabad International Airport – Tehran
* OIIK (GZW) – Qazvin Airport – Qazvin
* OIIP (PYK) – Payam International Airport – Karaj
* OIIQ – Qom International Airport – Qom (under construction)
* OIIR – Garmsar Airport – Garmsar
* OIIS (SNX) – Semnan Municipal Airport – Semnan
* OIKB (BND) – Bandar Abbas International Airport – Bandar Abbas
* OIKJ (JYR) – Jiroft Airport – Jiroft
* OIKK (KER) – Kerman Airport (Ayatollah Hashemi Rafsanjani Airport) – Kerman
* OIKM (BXR) – Bam Airport – Bam
* OIKP (HDR) – Havadarya Airport – Bandar Abbas
* OIKQ (GSM) – Qeshm International Airport – Dayrestan
* OIKR (RJN) – Rafsanjan Airport – Rafsanjan
* OIKY (SYJ) – Sirjan Airport – Sirjan
* OIMB (XBJ) – Birjand Airport – Birjand
* OIMC (CKT) – Sarakhs Airport – Sarakhs
* OIMJ (RUD) – Shahroud Airport – Shahrud
* OIMM (MHD) – Mashhad International Airport (Shahid Hashemi Nejad Airport) – Mashhad
* OIMN (BJB) – Bojnourd Airport – Bojnourd
* OIMQ – Kashmar UltraLight Airport – Kashmar
* OIMS (AFZ) – Sabzevar Airport – Sabzevar
* OIMT (TCX) – Tabas Airport – Tabas
* OIND – Babolsar Airport – Babolsar
* OINE (KLM) – Kalaleh Airport – Kalaleh
* OING (GBT) – Gorgan Airport – Gorgan
* OINJ (BSM) – Bishe Kola Air Base – Amol
* OINN (NSH) – Noshahr Airport – Noshahr
* OINR (RZR) – Ramsar International Airport – Ramsar
* OINZ (SRY) – Dasht-e Naz Airport – Sari
* OISA – Abadeh Airport – Abadeh
* OISD – Darab Airport – Darab
* OISF (FAZ) – Fasa Airport – Fasa
* OISJ (JAR) – Jahrom Airport – Jahrom
* OISL (LRR) – Larestan International Airport – Lar
* OISO – Zarqan Airport – Zarqan
* OISR (LFM) – Lamerd International Airport – Lamerd
* OISS (SYZ) – Shiraz International Airport (Shiraz Shahid Dastghaib Int'l) – Shiraz
* OISY (YES) – Yasuj Airport – Yasuj
* OISZ – Firuzabad Airport – Firuzabad
* OITH (KHA) – Khaneh Airport – Piranshahr (Khaneh)
* OITK (KHY) – Khoy Airport – Khoy
* OITL (ADU) – Ardabil Airport – Ardabil
* OITP (PFQ) – Parsabad-Moghan Airport – Parsabad
* OITR (OMH) – Urmia Airport – Urmia
* OITT (TBZ) – Tabriz International Airport – Tabriz
* OITU (IMQ) – Maku International Airport – Maku
* OITZ (JWN) – Zanjan Airport – Zanjan
* OIYY (AZD) – Shahid Sadooghi Airport – Yazd
* OIZB (ACZ) – Zabol Airport – Zabol
* OIZC (ZBR) – Chabahar/Konarak International Airport – Chabahar
* OIZH (ZAH) – Zahedan International Airport – Zahedan
* OIZI (IHR) – Iranshahr Airport – Iranshahr
* OIZJ (JSK) – Jask Airport – Jask
* OIZS – Saravan Airport – Saravan
OJ - Jordan
* OJAI (AMM) – Queen Alia International Airport – Amman
* OJAM (ADJ) – Marka International Airport – Amman
* OJAQ (AQJ) – King Hussein International Airport – Aqaba
* OJJR ( JRS ) – Jerusalem International Airport, under Jordan from 1948 till 1967, closed since the Second Intifada – West Bank
* OJMF (OMF) – King Hussein Air Base, Mafraq – Mafraq Governorate
OK - Kuwait
* OKAJ – Ahmad al-Jaber Air Base
* OKAS – Ali Al Salem Air Base
* OKKK (KWI) – Kuwait International Airport – Al-Maqwa, near Kuwait City
* OKDI – Udairi Army Airfield – Camp Buehring
OL - Lebanon
* OLBA (BEY) – Beirut Air Base/Rafic Hariri International Airport (formerly Beirut International Airport) – Beirut
* OLKA (KYE) – Rene Mouawad Air Base – Kleyate
* OLRA – Rayak Air Base – Rayak
OM - United Arab Emirates
* OMAA (AUH) – Abu Dhabi International Airport – Abu Dhabi
* OMAB – Buhasa Airport – Buhasa
* OMAD (AZI) – Bateen Airport – Abu Dhabi
* OMAF – Futaysi Airport – Al Futaisi
* OMAJ – Jebel Dhana Airport – Jebel Dhana
* OMAL (AAN) – Al Ain International Airport – Al Ain
* OMAM (DHF) – Al Dhafra Air Base – Muqatra
* OMAQ – Qarnayn Airport – Qarnayn
* OMAR – Arzanah Airport – Arzanah
* OMAS – Das Island Airport – Das Island
* OMAZ (AUH) – Zirku Airport – Zirku Island
* OMBY (XSB) – Sir Bani Yas Airport – Sir Bani Yas
* OMDB (DXB) – Dubai International Airport – Dubai
* OMDL (ZDY) – Dalma Airport – Dalma
* OMDM (NHD) – Al Minhad Air Base – Dubai
* OMDW (DWC) – Al Maktoum International Airport (Dubai World Central Airport) – Dubai
* OMFJ (FJR) – Fujairah International Airport – Fujairah
* OMNK (XXX) – Sas Al Nakheel Air Base – Abu Dhabi
* OMRJ – Al Jazeirah Airport (private) – Al Jazirah Al Hamra
* OMRK (RKT) – Ras Al Khaimah International Airport – Ras al-Khaimah
* OMRS – Al Saqr Field Airport (private) – Ras al-Khaimah
* OMSJ (SHJ) – Sharjah International Airport – Sharjah
OO - Oman
* OOAD (AOM) – Adam Airport (proposed civil airport) – Adam
* OOBB – Butabul Airport – Ramlat Bu Tabul
* OOBR (RMB) – Buraimi Airport – Al-Buraimi
* OODQ (DQM) – Duqm International Airport – Duqm
* OOFD (FAU) – Fahud Airport – Fahud
* OOGB (RNM) – Qarn Alam Airport – Qarn Alam
* OOHA – Haima Airport – Haima
* OOIA – Ibra Airport – Ibra
* OOII – Ibri Airport – Ibri
* OOIZ – Izki Air Base – Izki
* OOJA (JNJ) – Ja'Aluni Airport – Duqm
* OOKB (KHS) – Khasab Airport/Khasab Air Base – Khasab
* OOLK (LKW) – Lekhwair Airport – Lekhwair
* OOMA (MSH) – RAFO Masirah – Masirah
* OOMK (UKH) – Mukhaizna Airport – Mukhaizna Oil Field
* OOMN – RAFO Musannah – Barka
* OOMS (MCT) – Muscat International Airport – Muscat
* OOMX (OMM) – Marmul Airport – Marmul Heavy Oil Field
* OORH – Ras al Hadd Airport – Ras al Hadd
* OORQ (MNH) – Rustaq Airport – Rustaq
* OOSA (SLL) – Salalah International Airport – Salalah
* OOSH (OHS) – Sohar International Airport – Sohar
* OOSQ – Saiq Airport – Saiq
* OOSR (SUH) – Sur Airport – Sur
* OOTH (TTH) – RAFO Thumrait – Thumrait
* OOYB – Yibal Airport – Yibal
OP - Pakistan
* OPBN (BNP) – Bannu Airport – Bannu
* OPBW (BHV) – Bahawalpur Airport – Bahawalpur
* OPCH (CJL) – Chitral Airport – Chitral
* OPCL (CHB) – Chilas Airport – Chilas
* OPDB (DBA) – Dalbandin Airport – Dalbandin
* OPDG (DEA) – Dera Ghazi Khan Airport – Dera Ghazi Khan
* OPDI (DSK) – Dera Ismail Khan Airport – Dera Ismail Khan
* OPFA (LYP) – Faisalabad International Airport – Faisalabad
* OPGD (GWD) – Gwadar International Airport – Gwadar
* OPGT (GIL) – Gilgit Airport – Gilgit
* OPIS (ISB) – Islamabad International Airport – Islamabad-Rawalpindi
* OPJA (JAG) – PAF Base Shahbaz (Jacobabad Airport) – Jacobabad
* OPJI (JIW) – Jiwani Airport – Jiwani
* OPKC (KHI) – Jinnah International Airport – Karachi
* OPKD (HDD) – Hyderabad Airport – Hyderabad
* OPKH (KDD) – Khuzdar Airport – Khuzdar
* OPKT (OHT) – PAF Base Kohat – Kohat
* OPKW (KCF) – Kadanwari Airport – Kadanwari gas field
* OPLA (LHE) – Allama Iqbal International Airport – Lahore
* OPLH – Walton Airport – Lahore
* OPMA (XJM) – Mangla Airport – Mangla
* OPMF (MFG) – Muzaffarabad Airport – Muzaffarabad
* OPMI (MWD) – PAF Base M.M. Alam – Mianwali
* OPMJ (MJD) – Moenjodaro Airport – Mohenjo-daro
* OPMP (MPD) – Sindhri Airport – Sindhri
* OPMR (MSR) – PAF Base Masroor (Karachi Air Base) – Karachi
* OPMS (MNS) – PAF Base Minhas (Kamra Air Base) – Kamra
* OPMT (MUX) – Multan International Airport – Multan
* OPNH (WNS) – Nawabshah Airport – Nawabshah
* OPOR (ORW) – Ormara Airport – Ormara
* OPPC (PAJ) – Parachinar Airport – Parachinar
* OPPG (PJG) – Panjgur Airport – Panjgur
* OPPI (PSI) – Pasni Airport – Pasni City
* OPPS (PEW) – Bacha Khan International Airport – Peshawar
* OPQS (DHM) – Dhamial Army Airbase – Rawalpindi
* OPQT (UET) – Quetta International Airport – Quetta
* OPRK (RYK) – Shaikh Zayed International Airport – Rahim Yar Khan
* OPRN (NRK) – PAF Base Nur Khan – Rawalpindi
* OPRQ (RAF) – PAF Base Rafiqui (Shorkot Air Base) – Shorkot
* OPRS – PAF Academy – Risalpur
* OPRT (RAZ) – Rawalakot Airport – Rawalakot
* OPSF (FSL) – PAF Base Faisal – Karachi
* OPSB (SBQ) – Sibi Airport – Sibi
* OPSD (KDU) – Skardu Airport – Skardu
* OPSK (SKD) – Sukkur Airport (Begum Nusrat Bhutto Airport Sukkur) – Sukkur
* OPSN (SYW) – Sehwan Sharif Airport – Sehwan Sharif
* OPSR (MSF) – PAF Base Mushaf (Sargodha Air Base) – Sargodha
* OPSS (SDT) – Saidu Sharif Airport – Saidu Sharif
* OPST (SKT) – Sialkot International Airport – Sialkot
* OPSU (SUL) – Sui Airport – Sui
* OPSW (RZS) – Sawan Airport – Sawan Gas Field
* OPSX (SWN) – Sahiwal Airport – Sahiwal (maybe defunct)
* OPTA (TLB) – Tarbela Dam Airport – Tarbela Dam
* OPTU (TUK) – Turbat International Airport – Turbat
* OPZB (PZH) – Zhob Airport – Zhob
OR - Iraq/Kurdistan Region
* ORAA (IQA) – Al Asad Airbase – Al Anbar
* ORAI – Al Iskandariya Airport – Iskandariya
* ORAN – An Numaniyah Airport – An Numaniyah
* ORAT – Al Taqaddum Airbase – Habbaniyah
* ORBB (BMN) – Bamarni Airport – Bamarni - Kurdistan
* ORBD – Balad Air Base (Al-Bakir Airbase) – Balad
* ORBI (BGW) – Baghdad International Airport – Baghdad (changed from ORBS in 2003)
* ORBM (OSM) – Mosul International Airport – Mosul
* ORBR – Bashur Airport / Harir– Kurdistan
* ORER (EBL) – Erbil International Airport – Erbil (Hewlêr), - Kurdistan
* ORJA – Jalibah Southeast Air Base – Jalibah
* ORKK (KIK) – Kirkuk Airport (Al-Hurriya Air Base) – Kirkuk
* ORMM (BSR) – Basrah International Airport – Basrah
* ORNI (NJF) – Al Najaf International Airport – Najaf
* ORQT – Qasr Tall Airport – Qasr Tal Mihl
* ORQW – Qayyarah Airfield West – Qayyarah
* ORSH – Camp Speicher (Majid al Tamimi Airbase/Tikrit Air Academy) – Tikrit
* ORSU – Sulaimaniyah International Airport – Sulaimaniyah (Silêmanî) - Kurdistan
* ORTF – Tal Afar Air Base – Tal Afar
* ORTI – Camp Taji (Camp Cooke) – Taji
* ORTK – Tikrit East Airport – Tikrit
* ORTL (XNH) – Nasiriyah International Airport (formerly Tallil Air Base) – Nasiriyah
* ORTS – Tikrit South Airport – Tikrit
* ORUB – Ubaydah Bin Al Jarrah Air Base – Al-Kut
* ORUQ – Umm Qasr Airport – Umm Qasr
OS - Syria
* OSAP (ALP) – Aleppo International Airport – Aleppo
* OSDI (DAM) – Damascus International Airport – Damascus
* OSDZ (DEZ) – Deir ez-Zor Airport – Deir ez-Zor
* OSKL (KAC) – Qamishli Airport – Qamishli
* OSLK (LTK) – Bassel Al-Assad International Airport – Latakia
* OSPR (PMS) – Palmyra Airport – Palmyra
OT - Qatar
* OTBD (DIA) – Doha International Airport – Doha
* OTBH – Al Udeid Air Base (Abu Nakhlah Airport) – Doha
* OTBK – Al Khor Airport – Al Khor
* OTHH (DOH) – Hamad International Airport – Doha
OY - Yemen
* OYAA (ADE) – Aden International Airport – Aden
* OYAB (EAB) – Abbs Airport – Abbs
* OYAT (AXK) – Ataq Airport – Ataq
* OYBI (BYD) – Al Bayda' Airport – Al Bayda
* OYBN (BHN) – Beihan Airport – Beihan
* OYBQ (BUK) – Albuq Airport – Al Bough
* OYGD (AAY) – Al Ghaydah Airport – Al-Ghaidah
* OYKM (KAM) – Kamaran Airport – Kamaran
* OYHD (HOD) – Hodeidah International Airport – Hodeidah
* OYMB (MYN) – Marib Airport (construction suspended) – Marib
* OYMK (UKR) – Mukeiras Airport – Mukeiras
* OYQN (IHN) – Qishn Airport – Qishn
* OYRN (RIY) – Riyan International Airport – Mukalla
* OYSH (SYE) – Saadah Airport – Saadah
* OYSN (SAH) – Sanaa International Airport – Sana'a
* OYSQ (SCT) – Socotra Airport – Socotra
* OYSY (GXF) – Seiyun Hadhramaut Airport – Sayun
* OYTZ (TAI) – Ta'izz International Airport – Taiz
* OYZM – Al Hazm Airport – Al Hazm | WIKI |
Bikeshare conference brings pedal power to the people – TechCrunch
As the North American Bikeshare Association begins its annual conference in Austin, Texas, participants will be focusing on social equity. If you’re wondering what that means, wonder no more, thanks to a statement from the NABSA’s project manager, Matt Martin: “Social equity in bikeshare means making a healthy and versatile form of transportation accessible to those who really need it, from students on a budget to mothers in low-income communities.” I also spoke with the organization’s president at length about bikesharing and how it fits into a changing transportation landscape. “Many people that use bikeshare are people commuting in multiple ways,” she said. “They take the train and bus and then hop on a bike in the end. It’s so convenient and cost effective, and people are using it for practical reasons.” Bikesharing has been popular in European countries for decades, but now more North American cities are seeing racks of shared bikes at busy intersections. There are dozens of US cities with bikeshare programs, including Portland’s new Nike-sponsored Biketown system, Ford’s sponsorship of expanding bikeshare availability in San Francisco, and Washington DC’s Capital Bikeshare. “It’s proven successful in almost 100 cities at this point,” Freedman said. “We hear a lot about large cities’ [programs], like New York and Chicago. But the reality is many midsized cities have run successful bikeshares.” There were early attempts at Euro-style bikesharing, but many times bikes were stolen or trashed rather than shared nicely. The difference in these latest systems, Freedman said, is the thing that’s making a difference in almost every aspect of transportation: technology. “What made bikeshare succeed is the same as with Uber and Lyft. There’s a software system with a hardware component and sophisticated software on the back end. You can’t steal a bike; you need a credit card to get access. But technology makes it so easy – just swipe a key or card and you have a bike. With the Portland system, you can use your cell phone.” She noted that the success of a bikeshare program is different in every city, and even in each community being served. “Is the system reaching people regardless of race, income, and nationality, or is it just serving a slice of the market? As you expand your service area outside the core of the city, you’re going to do that for equity reasons. It’s public transportation. Outside the core, there will be fewer riders per station and per bike, but it’s a public service for the public good.” Freedman predicts that in the next couple of decades, most people will not be driving, nor will they own their transportation. “People will be mode agnostic,” she went on. “What an individual cares about is getting from point A to point B the fastest way possible, the least expensive way possible, with the most comfortable experience.” Users will mix bikeshare, walking, public transit, and rideshare every week — and maybe even every day. “You’ll see all of the modes intertwine,” Freedman said. “And that will be made possible by better tech that allows a single payment for all systems.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
LA L-CARNITINA L-TARTRATO, INSIEME AL PASTO POST WORKOUT INCREMENTA UPTAKE DEL TESTOSTERONE
-by Dott.Andrea Rizzo-
2015-09-06_122706
La L-carnitina migliora l’assorbimento nel tessuto muscolare del testosterone o altri androgeni dopo un allenamento intenso. L’effetto è leggero, ma secondo gli scienziati dello sport presso l’Università del Connecticut, spiegano che può essere abbastanza intenso per ottenere grandi guadagni in potenza e costruzione muscolare grazie ad allenamenti per la forza.
La L-carnitina stimola l’incremento del numero di recettori per gli androgeni. Inoltre la carnitina stimola anche la produzione di LH e di conseguenza quella del testosterone.
——————
Carnitine plus a meal boosts post-workout testosterone uptake
L-carnitine boosts the uptake in muscle tissue of testosterone or other androgens after intensive training. The effect is subtle, but according to sports scientists at the University of Connecticut, it may be big enough to achieve bigger gains in muscle power and mass from strength training.
In 2006 the researchers published the results of an experiment they carried out with 10 experienced male strength trainers. The men trained their most important muscle groups by doing squats, bench press, bent-over rows and shoulder press. They did 4 sets of 10 reps for each exercise. The subjects trained in the mornings before breakfast. On one occasion they drank water after their training session, on the other they consumed a meal substitute, which provided 8 kcal per kg bodyweight. This contained 1.1 g carbohydrates, 0.3 g whole protein and 0.25 g fat. On top of that the researchers gave the men 2 g L-carnitine daily in the form of L-carnitine-L-tartrate [divided into two portions per day]. The supplement was given for a period of 3 weeks. Carnitine tartrate is believed to be more stable in the body than ordinary carnitine. On another occasion the men were given a placebo. When the researchers examined muscle cells from the men’s legs, they noticed that the carnitine supplementation had raised the manufacture of androgen receptors.
Eating a meal after the training session also increased the number of androgen receptors, but the effect was stronger when the men took carnitine as well.
The increased activity of the androgen receptors as a result of the meal plus supplement led to a significant decrease in the amount of bioavailable testosterone. The post-workout meal led to an increase in the production of LH after the training session. LH induces the testes to secrete testosterone. The effect was stronger when the men also took carnitine. Carnitine has become a forgotten supplement, and unjustly so. This maybe because researchers didn’t realise that carnitine needs carbohydrates to be able to enter muscle cells.
Source: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Jul; 38(7): 1288-96
Passione, conoscenza, esperienza nonostante la giovane età e la voglia di aggiornarmi costantemente sono alla base della mia professionalità in questa famiglia che è SCIENTIFIC TRAINING.
Mattia Simonetti
mattia
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
IPs#
About IPs#
The IPs API allows users to manage the IP addresses assigned to their accounts. In the future they will be able to fully manage dedicated IPs.
The common use case is adding proxy IPs that must be used when routing calls to upstream resources. If the upstream requires traffic to come from a specific set of IPs, adding those IPs here will cause outbound calls to carriers to be routed through the IP(s) supplied.
Schema#
IP addresses assigned to the account
Key Description Type Default Required Support Level
ips.[] string() false
ips List of IP addresses array(string()) false
Fetch#
GET /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips
This can take an optional query string parameter zone to filter the results.
curl -v -X GET \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": [
{
"ip": "1.2.3.4",
"zone": "us-east"
}
],
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Assign IPs to the account#
POST /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips
curl -v -X POST \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
-d '{"data":["1.2.3.4"]}' \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": [
{
"assigned_to": "{ACCOUNT_ID}",
"host": "proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com",
"id": "1.2.3.4",
"ip": "1.2.3.4",
"status": "assigned",
"type": "dedicated_ip",
"zone": "us-east"
}
],
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Remove an IP assignment#
DELETE /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
curl -v -X DELETE \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": {
"host": "proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com",
"id": "1.2.3.4",
"ip": "{IP_ADDRESS}",
"status": "available",
"type": "dedicated_ip",
"zone": "us-east"
},
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Fetch details of the assignment#
GET /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
curl -v -X GET \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": {
"assigned_to": "{ACCOUNT_ID}",
"host": "proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com",
"id": "{IP_ADDRESS}",
"ip": "{IP_ADDRESS}",
"status": "assigned",
"type": "dedicated_ip",
"zone": "us-east"
},
"request_id":"{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision":"{REVISION}",
"status":"success"
}
Assign a single IP to the account#
POST /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
curl -v -X POST \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
-d '{"data": {}}' \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/{IP_ADDRESS}
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": {
"assigned_to": "{ACCOUNT_ID}",
"host": "proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com",
"id": "{IP_ADDRESS}",
"ip": "{IP_ADDRESS}",
"status": "assigned",
"type": "dedicated_ip",
"zone": "us-east"
},
"request_id":"{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision":"{REVISION}",
"status":"success"
}
Fetch hosts#
GET /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/hosts
curl -v -X GET \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/hosts
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": [
"proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com"
],
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Fetch zone listings#
GET /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/zones
curl -v -X GET \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/zones
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": [
"us-east"
],
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Fetch IPs assigned to this account#
GET /v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/assigned
curl -v -X GET \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips/assigned
{
"auth_token": "{AUTH_TOKEN}",
"data": [
{
"ip": "1.2.3.4",
"zone": "us-east"
}
],
"request_id": "{REQUEST_ID}",
"revision": "{REVISION}",
"status": "success"
}
Adding IPs to the system#
Via SUP#
IPs can be configured by the system admin using the sup kazoo_ips_maintenance add {IP} {ZONE} {HOST} command:
sup kazoo_ips_maintenance add "1.2.3.4" "us-east" "proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com"
added IP 1.2.3.4 to available dedicated ips
Key Description Type Default Required
{IP} The IP address of the proxy string true
{ZONE} The Kazoo zone this proxy is assigned string true
{HOST} The Hostname associated with the IP string true
Once you've added IPs to the system, you can assign those to different customer accounts to proxy their calls through using the below Crossbar APIs.
Via API#
This requires a superduper admin auth token:
PUT /v2/ips
curl -v -X PUT \
-H "X-Auth-Token: {AUTH_TOKEN}" \
-d '{"data":{"ip":"1.2.3.4", "zone":"us-east", "host":"proxy1.us-east.myswitch.com"}}'
http://{SERVER}:8000/v2/accounts/{ACCOUNT_ID}/ips
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