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Fifteen-ball pool
Fifteen-ball pool, also known as sixty-one pool, is a pocket billiards game developed in America in the nineteenth century from pyramid pool. Created by members of the Bassford's Billiard & Chess Rooms in Manhattan during the late 1830s or 1840s, it is the ancestor to many American pool games.
Rules
The game is played on a six pocket table with a standard set of fifteen numbered and colored and a white. During the game's peak popularity from the 1870s to the 1880s, the object balls were uniformly red, though now a standard set of multi-color solids-and-stripes pool balls are used. Object balls are racked in a triangle with the 15-ball as the ball, placed at the. Behind it are the other high numbered balls with the rest in the back rows, usually in descending order.
A number on a ball pocketed by a player on a legal shot scores that number of points and entitles shooter to continue at the table until failing to do so. The object is to be the first player to score at least 61 points (this being more than half of the total of all the ball numbers combined), to win a. If there are more than two players, a frame is won by the player having the highest number of points when all the balls have been pocketed.
In 1880, a rule was introduced to discourage, which requires the cue ball to make contact with an object ball in each shot, and either cause an object ball to be pocketed, or at least one ball to hit a cushion. Failure to meet this condition results in a. Three points are subtracted for each foul, and three consecutive fouls will cost a player the frame.
Because scoring depends not on the number of balls pocketed, but on the point values of the balls pocketed, it is possible to sink twice the number of balls as the opponent and still lose the frame.
Legacy
This game was the inspiration behind rotation which shares the point system.
The first tournament was held in 1878 at the Union Square Billiard Rooms in New York City which was won by the Canadian Cyrille Dion who defeated Gotthiel Wahlstrom of Sweden. Alfredo de Oro recalled that in 1887, an English spectator pointed out that Albert M. Frey won despite pocketing fewer balls than his opponent John L. Malone. He offered 200 dollars for a rematch in which the first person to pot a hundred balls would win; Frey won again. This game became known as continuous pool and its first tournament was held in 1888 which was also won by Frey. Continuous would go on to become 14.1 continuous after Jerome R. Keogh's reforms in 1910. | WIKI |
Kroger Tells Investors It Is Winning Momentum
Kroger (NYSE: KR) recently announced third-quarter results that did little to change the growth picture for investors. The supermarket chain's rebound strategy is producing faster sales gains, yet it continues to lose ground to rivals such as Walmart (NYSE: WMT), which have found more success in their multichannel retailing investments.
Kroger's executive team discussed that turnaround plan and the competitive landscape during a conference call with investors. Below are a few highlights from that presentation.
Image source: Getty Images.
Gaining momentum
Kroger reported identical sales without fuel of 2.5% during the third quarter, marking our strongest quarter since we launched Restock Kroger. -- CFO Gary Millerchip
Kroger's sales growth sped up slightly to just under 3%. That success was powered by strong demand in the produce department, in Kroger's store-brand franchises, and in the chain's digital segment that includes online orders for pick up and delivery. That e-commerce channel accounted for nearly a full percentage point of the retailer's sales gains.
Kroger's growth wasn't as strong as Walmart's or Target's, though, suggesting it is still losing market share almost two years into its turnaround strategy. But management is happy that sales gains are improving. "Underlying trends were very robust," Millerchip said.
Adding efficiency
We remain on track to achieve over $1 billion of cost savings in 2019 on top of a $1 billion savings achieved last year. -- Millerchip
The consumer staples specialist announced a slight drop in gross profit margin, which management said was tied to the pharmacy business. The decline was less severe than a year ago, though, and Kroger is expecting that moderating trend to continue into the fourth quarter.
Meanwhile, the company achieved lower selling expenses thanks to better efficiency at stores and a cost cut program that is on pace to slash $3 billion from its annual expense burden by 2020. The savings are coming from reduced waste and from improvements Kroger has made to the supply chain. These wins are lifting cash flow and profitability metrics, right in line with the financial forecasts management updated in early 2019.
Looking ahead
This year we provided guidance for 2020 several months early [and] we remain confident in the 2020 guidance that we shared last month. -- Millerchip
Kroger is still aiming to achieve comparable-store sales gains of about 2% for the full year, or a bit below the 3% Walmart is seeing. The company's 2020 outlook confidently predicts that growth will accelerate for a second straight year, too.
The main takeaway is that the supermarket giant's operating trends continue to trail peers, and investors are only seeing hints of improving earnings power today. Yet management believes the business is still on the right track, and they point to metrics like free cash flow and direct shareholder returns as support for their claim that the rebound plan is working, albeit slowly.
"Restock Kroger is the right framework to reposition our business to create value for all our stakeholders," McMullen said, "both today and in the future." That reference to future quarters highlights the fact that investors will likely have to wait until at least late 2020 before seeing Kroger begin stealing back market share from its major grocery store rivals.
10 stocks we like better than Kroger
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*Stock Advisor returns as of December 1, 2019
Demitrios Kalogeropoulos has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Health
Paleo vs Keto: What you don’t know about these diets
There are many current trends that determine what you should eat to lose weight and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Usually these trends don’t last long, and people end up defeated by a restricted diet. There are, though, three currently trending diets which people swear by.
So, the question is which of these diets works the best? Each diet has pros but also health risks that you need to consider.
Intermittent fasting
The intermittent fasting method involves creating an eating plan where you switch between fasting and eating. This method has become very popular with people as it takes a different approach to the concept of dieting. Instead of choosing what to eat, you focus on when you eat.
There are five different ways to approach intermittent fasting, which is again different from most diets.
• 16:8
This is the most popular way of intermittent fasting. This involves fasting for 16 hours during the day and then eating any time during the remaining 8 hours.
• 5:2
This dieting ratio involves eating normally for 5 days out of the week but only eating 500-600 calories for the other 2 days.
• Eat-stop-eat-stop
This method is a bit more complex which involves eating normally however, you fast for around 24 hours two times in a week. People who choose this method usually fast from one dinner to the next.
• Warrior diet
Typically, you fast during the day however, some small portions of vegetables and fruit are allowed. You then “feast” at night during a four-hour timeframe.
Intermittent fasting allows drinks such as water and coffee. It is only solid foods which are banned during fasting.
You may think that fasting is bad for you and the answer is yes, it is. According to the experts at House Call Doctor, there are numerous health dangers involved with fasting such as fatigue, sleeping troubles, dehydration and an increase in stress levels.
Fasting is only a ‘quick fix’ to losing weight. When you fast, you only lose fluids and not any substantial weight. So, this dieting trend won’t last long term.
Ketogenic diet
The ketogenic (keto) method is a low-carb and high fat diet. The name of the diet comes from the term “ketones” which are molecules produced, which our bodies rely on when our blood sugar levels are low.
This diet can be very appealing to most people because it makes the body consume and run only on fat, which then increases the burn off rate.
There are many foods that are recommended for this diet such as:
• Meat
• Avocados
• Nuts and seeds
• Seafood
• Cheese
• Eggs
• Vegetables (those which don’t have carbs).
There aren’t as many health risks associated with this diet, however people who have high blood pressure, diabetes or breast feeding, are recommended to not participate. The reason is because by avoiding carbohydrates, your blood sugar levels will decrease and affect doses of insulin, increase the chance of side affects (such as headaches) and will impact the already lowered levels of insulin from breastfeeding.
Before starting this keto diet, consult your doctor if you’re unsure of your suitability and how it will affect you.
Palaeolithic Diet
The Palaeolithic (paleo) diet stems from the concept that if a caveman didn’t eat it, you shouldn’t either. Another concept is that if your child can’t name all of the ingredients in your food, all the more reason why you shouldn’t eat it.
It involves not eating any packaged or processed foods, instead dieting on meat, nuts and seeds, eggs, seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables and healthy oils (such as coconut oils and olive oil).
Many foods that can’t be eaten on the paleo diet include:
• Soft drinks
• Chips
• Legumes
• Refined sugar
• Salt
• Potatoes
• Cereal grains
• Refined oils
• Dairy
Even though this might appear as the healthiest diet, there are many risks involved. For instance, there is potential for deficiencies in vitamin D and calcium because of the decrease in consuming dairy. This is a controversial diet and is not entirely ‘new’.
All of these trendy diets have different risks that should be considered. So, consult your doctor to see if you’re eligible and raise any questions or concerns you may have.
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Night Sweats
Night Sweats is a Canadian animated anthology series with live-action/CGI filler segments hosted by Bart Batchelor and Chris Nielsen. It is a compilation of the animated shorts created as part of the Bite on Mondo program, a joint venture of Blue Ant Media's BiteTV (now Makeful), and Mondo Media, in which Canadian animators pitched ideas for new shows. The show consists of 26 episodes.
The series was originally intended to air on Teletoon at Night but instead premiered on Adult Swim on September 4, 2015, and later aired on Teletoon at Night on February 29, 2016.
Only the animated segments were also aired on El Rey Network as a part of the "Mondo Animation Hour." | WIKI |
Webinar 70 by Jonathan Wong: Calculating NMR Shielding with GIAO
Please use this topic to ask any questions related to Q-Chem Webinar 70 (presented by Jonathan Wong on July 27, 2023).
Abstract
Molecular property calculations have long been a cornerstone of computational chemistry, providing invaluable insights for experimental work. Among these properties, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shieldings play a crucial role in characterizing chemical environments. Conventionally, these calculations rely on the often tedious derivation and implementation of the analytical form of the energy derivative. On the other hand, the energy derivative can be carried out in a numerical manner. In this webinar, I will present a method-independent, fully numerical finite difference approach for NMR shielding calculations, utilizing gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAO), that is recently implemented in Q-Chem. This effectively leverages the abundant quantum chemistry methods in Q-Chem, without the need for analytical derivative implementation.
In the first part, I will introduce the theory underlying our Q-Chem implementation of the GIAO calculations, including the new matrix elements required, fully complex SCF and post-SCF calculations, and finally the numerical derivative. In the second part, I will present proof-of-concept results with κ-regularized MP2 and MP2.X, where a variable fraction X of third-order correlation (MP3) is incorporated. Results show significant improvements with κ-MP2 for 13C and 15N shieldings. Surprisingly, MP2.6 outperforms CCSD for all heavy nuclei, indicating potential renormalization of double amplitudes to account for neglected triple substitutions. Lastly, I will use a few examples to demonstrate how to use this new module in Q-Chem, as well as exciting ongoing developments.
About the Presenter
Jonathan Wong received his B.A. in Chemistry from Cornell University in 2017 and his PhD in Chemistry from the University of California Berkeley in 2023, advised by Prof. Martin Head-Gordon. He is currently working as a researcher at AIMdyn Inc, exploring designer AI and its computational chemistry applications. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:BrokenSquarePiece/sandbox
Chunithm (チュウニズム) (stylized in all caps) is an arcade rhythm game developed and published by Sega. Location tests for the game were held from November 2014 and the game was officially released on 16 July 2015. The game's title is a portmanteau of "chūnibyō" and "rhythm".
Gameplay
During each song, various objects travel down towards the judgement line at the bottom of the screen. The player must hit these objects in time with the music by pressing on their position on the ground slider. The object types are:
* Tap: Colored bars that require a single tap.
* Hold and Slide: Trails behind a bar that must be held down until they fully dissapear.
* Air: Arrows attached to objects that require the player to move their hands towards the air sensors.
* Air-Action: Lines following an arrow that requires the player to keep their hand within the sensors until they disappear. Purple blocks can also appear on the lines that are hit by waving hands up and down.
* Flick: Black and blue bars that require the player to tap and flick either left or right.
After each song, the player is shown a breakdown of their performance, including a score and a letter grade. Each round of Chunithm typically consists of three songs.
An e-Amusement card can be scanned in order to save the player's data. Alongside the standard mode, the game also offers courses of songs to let the players test their ability.
Development
Ken Kobayakawa, the game's director, following development of Maimai, stated that he wanted to make a rhythm game that caters more to the traditional rhythm game players. Part of this design involved keeping the playfield and the hit area close to each other to make the game more intuitive.
Music and characters
The game includes a variety of japanese pop music including anime themes and Vocaloid songs.
Original songs composed for Chunithm often feature the game's characters in their box art.
Release
Various location tests for the game where held, including in Akihabara and the 2015 Japan Amusement Expo.
Outside of Japan
An official version for countries outside of Japan, initially titled Chunithm Superstar was first released on November 26, 2020.
In addition, many Round1 locations in the United States feature deprecated cabinets running the Chunithm Paradise Lost version. These cabinets are offline and have a limited selection of songs. | WIKI |
Claire Heliot
Klara Haumann (née Pleßke; 3 December 1866 – 9 June 1953), known professionally as Claire Heliot, was a German lion tamer.
Biography
Klara Pleßke was born in Halle on 3 December 1866. Her father was a government postal official.
In April 1897, she caused a sensation when she first performed at a zoo in Leipzig. She toured extensively. Accompanied by ten lions, she performed at the London Hippodrome in 1901. In America, Heriot's act was part of A Yankee Circus on Mars, appearing at the New York Hippodrome for 20 weeks in 1905 and 1906, and in Chicago in 1906. The high point of her act was carrying her ten-year-old, 159 kg lion Sicchi on her back and shoulders. In 1907, a nervous Heliot was attacked by her lions and severely injured while performing at the Circus Orlando in Copenhagen; she was rescued by three attendants. After she retired, she was reported working as a hairdresser in 1930.
She died in Stuttgart on 9 June 1953.
The Heliot restaurant at the Hippodrome Casino in London is named after her. | WIKI |
What is Golgi apparatus?
What Does Golgi apparatus Mean
The notion of apparatus can refer to the grouping of elements that, acting in a coordinated way and together, perform the same function. There are multiple apparatuses: among them, the Golgi apparatus .
The Golgi apparatus is the organelle found in eukaryotic cells, which is responsible for completing the production process of certain proteins. This apparatus is made up of about eighty dictyosomes , which are groups of small sacs known as saccules . Dictyosomes, flattened in shape, are located one on top of the other and are protected by a membrane.
Golgi apparatus, also called the Golgi apparatus , Golgi body and golgisoma , was discovered by Santiago Ramon y Cajal in 1897 . Later, Camillo Golgi was in charge of accurately describing everything related to this organelle, which ended up adopting the name of the Italian doctor.
The saccules can be grouped in several ways: usually, groups of four to eight saccules are formed, which make up the dictyosomes. Through different tubes, substances can pass from one saccule to another. The external face of the saccules is directed towards the system known as the endoplasmic reticulum .
Among the functions developed by the Golgi apparatus are the production of the acrosome that is part of the sperm and the development of primary lysosomes; the elaboration of plasma membrane; cell secretion; and the alteration of the substances that the rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes . In general it can be said that the Golgi apparatus modifies and distributes the macromolecules synthesized by the cell .
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles
Vesicles are formed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum that, when joined, create tube-vesicular aggregates that are carried towards the cis region of the Golgi apparatus by means of motor proteins. The latter, for their part, can advance thanks to the guidance of some microtubules and, when they fuse with the membrane of the device, they empty their content into the lumen.
The molecules entering the Golgi apparatus are changed, are marked and then are sent to their ultimate destination. Proteins that are carried to distant parts of the apparatus reach the trans region , and enter a complex network of vesicles and membranes. This is where most of them are marked and sent to their respective destinations through one of the following three types of vesicles, depending on their marker:
* Exocytosis vesicles : are those that contain proteins that will be released into the extracellular environment . After internalization of the proteins, the vesicle closes and goes immediately to the plasma membrane, with which it binds to release the content, in a process known as constitutive secretion . An example of this can be seen when antibodies are released by activated B lymphocytes;
* Secretion vesicles : these are those that also contain proteins that must be released into the extracellular environment, although it is important to note that, after their formation, these vesicles are stored in the cell and are kept there waiting the signal that tells them to start their activity. At that moment, they move towards the plasma membrane, where they discharge their contents, just as exocytosis vesicles do. The name of this process, which takes place when neurons release neurotransmitters, is regulated secretion ;
* Lysosomal vesicles : these vesicles are responsible for transporting proteins to lysosomes, small organelles that contain a large number of acid hydrolases. Regarding the type of proteins, they can be membrane or digestive enzymes. To transfer its contents to the lysosome, the vesicle must fuse with a late endosome, as occurs when digestive proteases are delivered to the lysosomes.
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The Birth of the “Neanderthals”
There it was—exactly the type of clue I was looking for. I was sitting in the library of the Royal College of Surgeons in London, an elegant, high-ceilinged room lined to the rafters with impeccably organized old books, like a frozen set piece from the 19th century. I was there to examine the papers and photographs of George Busk, a man who was once president of the college. Busk spent much of his working life at the Royal College lecturing on biology, and his papers and other materials have resided in the archives since his death in 1886.
I had been flipping through Busk’s photographs of fossils, many of which were of fragmented cave bear bones, when I came upon an image of the Gibraltar Neanderthal skull. Its large, hollow eye sockets stared up at me. Without thinking, I raised the photo toward my face for closer examination. It was then that a voice from across the room brought me back to reality, reminding me that photos must be kept on the table. These precious images are not to be held or breathed upon. I carefully placed the picture back on the table and continued to stare at it in awe.
In addition to being a surgeon, a lecturer, and a photographer of cave bear remains, Busk was the man who first introduced Neanderthals to the English-speaking world. The photograph that made me gasp had likely been taken in 1864, when Busk was most engaged in describing the skull. It captivated me not simply because it was a beautiful shot, but also because it was evidence of an important moment in the story of scholarship on Neanderthals. The Gibraltar skull had appeared as a crucial piece of evidence at precisely the moment when scientists were first attempting to discern what a Neanderthal was.
In 1856, a fossilized skull had been found in the Neander Valley in Germany, and it soon ended up in the hands of the well-regarded German anatomist Hermann Schaaffhausen. The skull looked vaguely human, with a big brain, but also different, somewhat apelike. In order to explain this peculiar skull, which became known as the “Neanderthal man,” many scientists argued that it was merely a diseased idiot who died in a cave. Others maintained that it was truly something novel—a new, humanlike creature never seen before. Busk brought the debate from Germany to the United Kingdom by translating Schaaffhausen’s scholarly paper about the fossil into English, adding his own comments to the translation. He recognized that settling the debate would require more evidence. More fossils needed to be discovered.
An answer to Busk’s call appeared almost immediately in the form of the Gibraltar skull. Originally found in 1848, the skull had been sitting in a library cupboard, collecting dust, for over a decade—until Busk’s call to action moved someone to send it to him. The fossil was strikingly similar to the Neander specimen, making it the key to settling the debate. Recognizing the fossil’s significance, Busk quickly published a paper arguing that the Neander fossil was not a “mere individual peculiarity” but instead a new type of creature whose range once stretched “from the Rhine to the Pillars of Hercules.”
The story of Busk and the Gibraltar Neanderthal zeros in on the moment when scientists first recognized that Neanderthals were something unique. The nature and meaning of the discovery—a new species perhaps, or a new variety of human—were still open. But thanks to the Gibraltar skull, scientists had determined that these creatures were not simply unhealthy humans: They were something worth paying close attention to.
This is the story that brought me to the reading room in 2014; I was hoping to learn more about this moment in history. Who sent Busk the skull? How did he go about studying it? What measurements did he take, and how did he determine the skull’s similarity to the Neander specimen? The photo gave me a glimmer of hope that I could answer these questions.
Intertwined with the 19th-century study of Neanderthals were issues of their identity and relationship to modern humans. Busk and other scientists wanted to know: Did Neanderthals have art or language? Were they humans, or were they something else? These questions likely seem familiar. Although our knowledge of Neanderthal anatomy, DNA, and behavior has grown dramatically since the 1860s, many of the questions we ask about our closest relatives are very much the same.
Like Busk, paleoanthropologists today want to know the extent of Neanderthals’ relationships and similarities with humans. They also want to know how Neanderthals lived, whether or not they had symbolic culture, and how intelligent they were. As a historian and philosopher of science, I maintain that in order to truly understand what we think we know about the Neanderthals, we must also ask, “How do we know?”
Although I don’t yet have all the answers for how Busk “knew” the Neanderthals, I have clues. This photo of the Gibraltar skull tells me more about Busk’s recognition of the skull’s importance: Photography was rare at the time, and only truly important things were photographed. A notebook he kept on his trip to Gibraltar, which I also found in his archives, illuminates his attempts to learn more about the skull. By searching through old photographs and scribbled notes, I can answer questions about how Busk and others went about “knowing” the Neanderthals. This in turn can help us appreciate how we have come to understand this sister species.
The materials buried in libraries give historians clues that help us answer questions about how we know what we think we know. Busk’s archives are a window into how he attempted to understand fossils. By studying his papers, I can view the Gibraltar skull through his eyes, and I can experience some of the wonder and fascination he must have felt when he first lifted it out of a box back in 1864. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Author:Wilhelm Philipp Martin Christian Ludwig Liebknecht
Works
* Was die Sozialdemokraten sind und was sie wollen (1891)
* Translated as Socialism: What It Is and What It Seeks to Accomplish by May Wood Simons (1899)
* Karl Marx zum Gedächtnis (1896)
* Translated as Karl Marx. Biographical Memoirs by Ernest Untermann (1901)
* Kein Kompromiß—Kein Wahlbündnis (1899)
* Translated as No Compromise, No Political Trading by Marcus Hitch and A. M. Simons (1900)
Works about Liebknecht
* Wilhelm Liebknecht and the Social-Democratic Movement in Germany by Edward Aveling (1896)
* Studies in Socialism by Jean Jaurès, translated by Mildred Minturn (1906) | WIKI |
Page:The Galaxy, Volume 5.djvu/486
HAT is this worldly spell of Paris, sister?" writes Cornelia, an investigating Christian (wife of the Rev. H. Bunyan Constant, settled in Marblehead), to her elder maiden relative, who remains at home, and convinced that Paris is synonymous with perdition. "Horatio and I," continues the chaste Cornelia, have seen the Tuileries and the monuments, the Louvre and the paintings, and have done Sévres, the Gobelins, and the arts in general. We have made few acquaintances here, but have peeped in at the opera, the gardens, and Philippe's. Horatio, too, presented to the Emperor his translation of the book of Job, and we went to Court at Compiégne. All this, we agreed, was wonderful, or grand, or naughty, or gay, and that the environs of Paris are superb; still we found no spell, my dear!"
"What is the mysterious spell of Paris?" repeated to me the unfearing Mrs. C., as she, Horatio and myself stood at a window of Madrid, looking down upon the park and the diners in the open air. "You, who are so fanatically French, can tell me what draws Americans from many larger cities than Marblehead to take up their abode in modern Babylon." And Horatio smiled through his spectacles his acquiescence in the queries of his catechising spouse. I cleared my throat and said: "The spell of Paris, madam, is the French themselves, who are born a civil people. Their geniality makes them charming folks to live among, just as a sunny morning contents a peevish child. Their politeness engenders amiability, and an amiable man is near of kin to a kind-hearted one. Courtesy is parcel of their nature, as the smile is a feature of their face. The very peasant is reared to know his station, and is proud and proficient in the manners that befit it. Such u all the spell, madam, according to my idea.
"We are a travelled people, yet hold general notions about other people that assuredly are often primitive. About European, or, more especially, Continental society, our minds were long since made up, and sometimes upon most imperfect data. The flippant correspondents of newspapers and magazines do more toward vitiating a superficial appreciation than the residence in Europe of our cultured or moneyed countrymen can effect to correct or strengthen it. The old prejudice as to the sabler dye of French immorality is as firm and broadcast to-day, and our conviction as to the purer sphere in which we float ourselves as sure, as | WIKI |
How to create a new Admin RBAC roles for a User in 365 to only manage Shared Mailboxes and Room Mailboxes in 365
Add Management Scopes to only allow access to those types of Mailboxes
New-ManagementScope -Name "Shared Mailbox Management" -RecipientRestrictionFilter {RecipientTypeDetails -eq "SharedMailbox"}
New-ManagementScope -Name "Room Mailbox Management" -RecipientRestrictionFilter {RecipientTypeDetails -eq "RoomMailbox"}
Add Role groups for those ManagementScopes
New-RoleGroup -Name "Shared Mailbox Admins" -Roles "Mail Recipients" -CustomRecipientWriteScope "Shared Mailbox Management"
New-RoleGroup -Name "Room Mailbox Admins" -Roles "Mail Recipients" -CustomRecipientWriteScope "Room Mailbox Management"
Add the Users to the Roles in 365
”Add-RoleGroupMember "Shared Mailbox Admins" -Member Test.User
Add-RoleGroupMember "Room Mailbox Admins" -Member Test.User
After this , the user can then go to Exchange admin center (microsoft.com) and login , they will see a list of users , but they will only be able to change delegation for SharedMailbox and Rooms
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Talk:Woketopia
RFV discussion: September–December 2020
No durably-archived citations. To qualify as a hot word this would have to have reached wide use. The quotations provided demonstrate the exact opposite. WordyAndNerdy (talk) 17:44, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* This should be at RFV, not RFD. It is clearly a word people use with meaning. The question is whether it is used enough. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 18:47, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* Moved to RFV. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 18:55, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* If the only citations are Breitbart (which is not durable, and never will be) and a smattering of similar online fringe sources, it belongs at RfD. I'd argue it should be speedied. WordyAndNerdy (talk) 19:10, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* There are five uses from people or sites notable enough to make Wikipedia. That doesn't make them durable, but they aren't "fringe" unless you live in a filter bubble. Fox News has been one of the major video news sources for about two decades. Congressman Matt Gaetz' repeated use of the word is widely quoted there and elsewhere. Apparently he said it during the recent RNC (mentioned on CNN) and I would expect video of that to be readily available. A Meet the Press podcast episode is another use. Freely available podcasts should be as durable as commercially available digital music, which is citable, but there is no specific rule on the subject. Vox Sciurorum (talk) 20:23, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* "In a filter bubble" is a description more aptly applied to anyone who views Breitbart as a non-fringe outlet. In any case, that makes 2/5 that pass CFI (Meet the Press, the Matt Gaetz quote). This shouldn't have been added as a hot word. There aren't a year's worth of CFI-compliant cites, and in order to qualify as a hot word, it would need to be in wide – not niche – use. WordyAndNerdy (talk) 22:50, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* At global Alexa rank 230 Breitbart News is far more popular and influential than the vast majority of news or opinion sites. I haven't hesitated to quote from the liberal Mother Jones, which at rank 12,651 is far more obscure, and nobody has ever challenged me on that. I have seen no policy on "hot" words other than that they are exempt from the requirement that the durable citations span a full year; I welcome other editors' thoughts on what the policy should be. One could browse https://twitter.com/hashtag/woketopia to see that Woketopia is in use. Example: Somebody tweeted about Matt Gaetz "Awe, Matty wants to build his own #Woketopia", which I count as a non-durable use of Woketopia. It looks like it's more widely used than hot word sturddlefish (appearing briefly in a burst of news stories) or hot word wokefish (which people are trying to make a thing without much traction). Vox Sciurorum (talk) 19:45, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
* I found one lowercase cite:
* 2020 June, review of Ezra Furman's "Sex Education", in Q (UK magazine), page 99:
* Could there be a more perfect person to soundtrack the funny, sad, silly, serious woketopia that is Netflix's Sex Education?
* and that's it; nothing on Google Books or Scholar, nor in other (university-hosted) academic papers or journals or print newspapers AFAICT. - -sche (discuss) 19:50, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* Good find. But heads-up that doesn't appear to be a legitimate upload. People sometimes upload unauthorized copies of magazines to Issuu, and while I'll use them for finding cites, I avoid linking to them for obvious reasons. WordyAndNerdy (talk) 22:50, 2 September 2020 (UTC)
* By the way, it's not too big of a deal, but I try to keep the fora separate, seeing as this is a question of existence, rather than of dictionary-worthiness. (Obviously, there's a subjective RFD-appropriate side to it as well, in that even if it just barely passes, that likely means that it doesn't deserve hot word status, but that's still a matter of assessing how widely it's used and making a prediction.) —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 21:23, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
RFV-passed (as a hotword) Kiwima (talk) 20:09, 21 December 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Christianity in Odisha
Followers of Christianity are a significant minority in Odisha state of India. According to the 2011 Census, Christians make up about 2.77% of the population (about 1,160,000 people). Kurukh, Sora, Kharia and Panos are notable ethnic groups with a significant Christian population.
Denominations
Church of God (Anderson), Evangelical Missionary Society in Mayurbhanj and Jeypore Evangelical Lutheran Church are among the Protestant denominations of Odisha. Christ Church the full Gospel Church, Gospel Outreach Ministries, India Evangelistic Association, Orissa Baptist Evangelistic Crusade and The Pentecostal Mission are among the non-Catholic denominations of Odisha as well. The Church of North India is present in Odisha as well with the dioceses of Cuttack, Phulbani, and Sambalpur. The diocese of Chota Nagpur also serves a small part of Odisha. and Christian Revival Church is also serving.
Bible translations into Odia
The first version in the Odia language of India was translated by William Carey in 1808 and was distributed among pilgrims at Puri to introduce them to Christianity. Then came the standard version by Amos Sutton in the 1840s.
Roman Catholic Church
The archbishop of Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar is Archbishop John Barwa. Its suffragan dioceses are:
* Balasore
* Berhampur
* Rourkela
* Sambalpur
* Rayagada
Demographics
The Christians are mostly from the adivasi or tribal communities of the state with 8,16,981 Christians among STs and the major tribes are as below with number of Christians and percentage of Christians in each tribe.
Places with the largest proportions
The figures indicate % of Christians within the districts:
* Gajapati
* Serango– 84%
* Adava– 75%
* R.Udayagiri– 50%
* Kandhamal
* Brahmanigaon– 72%
* Daringbadi– 64%
* Kotagarh– 58%
* Sundargarh
* Raiboga– 62%
* Rayagada
* Puttasing– 80%
* Chandrapur– 51% | WIKI |
samičí
Etymology
From.
Adjective
* 1) female of animals and plants
Usage notes
* "Female sex" is rendered as "ženské pohlaví" when referring to humans. Likewise, "female sex organs" are rendered as "ženské pohlavní orgány" in that case. See also ženský. | WIKI |
In 1865, after the Civil War ended, America needed a plan to get back up to where it once were. Which is when Reconstruction era began. It refers to the period following the war of rebuilding the United States. Many successes emerged from 1865-1876, The thirteenth amendment ended slavery. The fourteenth gave a person born in the United States the rights of citizenship. But with this, the country is now left with a population amongst near four million slaves, who were now free men after the war, most having no idea how to make a living on their own. Political leaders were called up to have their say on what should be done. Abraham Lincoln being president, had the first word. His blueprint for Reconstruction included the ten-percent plan, which offered a tolerable way for Southern States to rejoin the Union. Lincoln unfortunately was assassinated before the plan was put into action. The two Radical Republicans, Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and the newly admitted president Andrew Johnson were next on the list. Each of them having their own plans of Reconstruction, but generally the overall goal was to help give the slaves an opportunity for their newly gained citizenship rights. It was their job to find a way to make these men and women feel they have a place in this changing country. Andrew Johnson had other plans however, being more focused on trying to initiate putting the blame on the South for problems occuring after the war. Because of differences with their policies, this arisen problems amongst the three.The Radical Republicans wanted to impeach Johnson so that they instead could have full control on the course of Reconstruction and pass the laws that focused more on their support to give the slaves all equality and citizenship. Their plans were actually considerably made through, with President Johnson being taken out of office after committing the mistake of firing the secretary of war, Edwin M. Stanton, a violation of the Tenure of Office Act. These disputes sidetracked the Union from real progress and did not help to bring the South back nor accomplishing any of their goals. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Brazil prosecutors hit ex-president Lula with more corruption charges
SAO PAULO (Reuters) - Prosecutors on Thursday charged former Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, his wife and a former finance minister with more corruption charges in the investigation of graft at state-run oil company Petrobras. It is up to federal judge Sergio Moro to decide if the new charges will result in another trial for Lula, who is already accused in Moro’s court in southern Brazil with separate corruption charges. A ruling on those charges is not expected before late January or early February. Lula, an extremely popular two-term president who left office in January 2011, faces another trial on graft charges in a Brasilia court, but a start date has not been set. Lula’s lawyers have repeatedly said that he is innocent of all accusations. In an emailed statement Thursday night, lawyer Cristiano Martins called the latest charges “a work of fiction.” In bringing the new charges, prosecutors said in a statement that Lula oversaw a scheme in which Latin America’s biggest construction firm, Odebrecht, paid 75 million reais ($22.18 million) in bribes to win eight Petrobras contracts. Prosecutors said Lula orchestrated the political appointment of Petrobras executives who would carry out the kickback scheme, with the money being funneled back into the campaign coffers of Lula’s Workers Party and its allies, including Brazil’s current ruling party, the Democratic Movement Party. Lula’s wife, Marisa, was also charged in the case with money laundering, while Lula’s former finance minister, Antonio Palocci, was charged with corruption and money laundering. Both already face separate charges and trials in the Petrobras case. Prosecutors said part of the illicit money made its way to Lula and his wife and that they benefited by surreptitiously using Odebrecht money to purchase and renovate real estate. The so-called Car Wash investigation is the biggest graft probe yet carried out in Brazil. So far, 200 people have been charged and 81 have been convicted . The charges involve at least 6.4 billion reais in bribes. Marcelo Odebrecht, the former chief executive of his family’s construction firm, who is serving over 19 years in prison after being found guilty on other Car Wash charges, was also hit with more corruption charges on Thursday. But he has turned state’s witness, along with nearly 80 other executives from the firm, and their statements are expected to implicate more than 200 politicians. Odebrecht is expected to remain imprisoned until the end of 2017 and remain on probation for several years in exchange for his testimony. Reporting by Brad Brooks; Editing by Grant McCool and Leslie Adler | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
2017 Rugby Americas North Championship
The 2017 Rugby Americas North Championship, the 10th edition of the tournament, is a rugby union championship for Tier 3 North American and Caribbean teams. Pool play takes place between 22 April and 1 July. With the 2017 edition not being part of World Cup qualifying, non World Rugby full member teams return to take part in the tournament.
The North Zone returns to the 2015 format with a higher Championship level and a lower Cup level, however the South Zone has been reduced to one level of three teams.
Teams
Notable changes from last year: Turks and Caicos Islands and USA South return after being absent from the 2016 tournament. 2016 participants Jamaica and St. Vincent and the Grenadines did not enter. Dominican Republic will compete for the first time.
Format:Each division plays a single round robin. After pool play is complete, the winners play in the final on July 1.
It was originally planned for Barbados and Curaçao to play a qualifier on April 22 to decide the third team in the South Zone. However, it was cancelled and Barbados was added to the main tournament.
Championship
Matches
Cup
Matches
South Zone
Matches | WIKI |
Quintessence Records (Canadian label)
For the label of the same name, formed by Pickwick International, see Quintessence Records
Quintessence Records was a Canadian independent record label, notable for releasing a number of records by punk rock bands in the Vancouver area between 1978 and 1981.
History
Quintessence Records was an independent record label that evolved from a Vancouver independent retail record store of the same name, located in the Kitsilano neighbourhood. The store was the only local record store selling punk and new wave music at the time. The record label were started by store owner Ted Thomas in 1978, at the instigation of store employee Gerry Barad Barad during this time also became a well-known concert promoter of local punk bands. He later became the chief operating officer of Live Nation Entertainment.
The label was primarily known for releasing music by Vancouver punk bands, most notably music by the Subhumans, D.O.A., Pointed Sticks and early recordings by Art Bergmann. The first EP released by Quintessence Records, was Hawaii, by the Young Canadians. The band, which featured Art Bergmann, had previously been known as the K-Tels, prior to being served with a cease and desist order by K-tel Corporation. The label also was involved in releasing the early recordings of Canadian country rock band Blue Northern.
Both the record label and related record store ceased operations in 1981. The record store lease was taken over by former Quintessence Records employee Grant McDonagh, who continued in the tradition of Quintessence Records as Zulu Records, operating both a record store and an independent record label.
Discography
D.O.A. - The Prisoner (1978) AV - AV EP (1978) Pointed Sticks - What Do You Want Me To Do (1978) The K-Tels - Automan (1979) Young Canadians - Hawaii (1979) Subhumans - S/T (1979) D.O.A. - Disco Sucks (1979) The Pointed Sticks - The Real Thing (1979) The Pointed Sticks - Lies! (1979) Female Hands - S/T (1980) Modernettes - Teen City (1980) Young Canadians - This Is Your Life (1980) Blue Northern - Blue (1980) UJ3RK5 - S/T (1980) Pointed Sticks - Perfect Youth (1980) Subhumans - Firing Squad (1980) Cover Boys - It's A New World/She's A Jerk (1980) | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 110 Part 1.djvu/703
PUBLIC LAW 104-106—FEB. 10, 1996 110 STAT. 679 (2) RENEGOTIATION AND MODIFICATION OF PREEXISTING CONTRACTS.—Except as specifically provided in this division, nothing in this division shall be construed to require the renegotiation or modification of contracts in existence on the date of the enactment of this Act. (3) CONTINUED APPLICABILITY OF PREEXISTING LAW.— Except as otherwise provided in this division, a law amended by this division shall continue to be applied according to the provisions thereof as such law was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act until— (A) the date specified in final regulations implementing the amendment of that law (as promulgated pursuant to this section); or (B) if no such date is specified in regulations, January 1, 1997. DIVISION E—INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT REFORM SEC. 5001. SHORT TITLE. This division may be cited Management Reform Act of 1996". SEC. 5002. DEFINITIONS. as the "Information Technology In this division: (1) DIRECTOR. — The term "Director" means the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. (2) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.— The term "executive agency" has the meaning given that term in section 4(1) of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy Act (41 U.S.C. 403(1)). (3) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. —(A) The term "information technology", with respect to an executive agency means any equipment or interconnected system or subsystem of equipment, that is used in the automatic acquisition, storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or reception of data or information by the executive agency. For purposes of the preceding sentence, equipment is used by an executive agency if the equipment is used by the executive agency directly or is used by a contractor under a contract with the executive agency which (i) requires the use of such equipment, or (ii) requires the use, to a significant extent, of such equipment in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product. (B) The term "information technology" includes computers, ancillary equipment, software, firmware and similar procedures, services (including support services), and related resources. (C) Notwithstanding subparagraphs (A) and (B), the term "information technology" does not include any equipment that is acquired by a Federal contractor incidental to a Federal contract. (4) INFORMATION RESOURCES.—The term "information resources" has the meaning given such term in section 3502(6) of title 44, United States Code. Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996. 40 USC 1401 note. 40 USC 1401.
� | WIKI |
England People Very Nice
England People Very Nice is a play by Richard Bean. It opened at the National Theatre in February 2009. The play, directed by Nicholas Hytner, is about four waves of immigrants - French Huguenot, Irish, Jewish and Bangladeshi - that have arrived in the district of Bethnal Green, East London, over the course of the last three hundred years.
During a talk at the theatre given by Mr. Bean on 28 February 2009, Keith Kinsella, a teacher at Blackfen School for Girls, and Hussain Ismail, a playwright, walked onto the stage carrying placards, protesting against what they called racist depictions of ethnic groups in the play. “Richard Bean is making it seem like all Bangladeshis are drug dealers or users, muggers and marry their cousins,” Mr. Ismail said. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/James Atkinson (software developer)
The result of the debate was KEEP. User:Edward NZ is a sock puppet, but even ignoring his vote, the consensus is clearly keep. — J I P | Talk 09:00, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
James Atkinson (software developer)
phpBB is notable, but is the founder of the project notable? Talrias (t | e | c) 22:01, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, just about. Keep. TheMadBaron 22:52, 13 November 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, phpBB is very widely used forum software, so whoever thought it up is certainly notable. Keep. - Mgm|(talk) 10:00, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep per above; phpBB is a large Internet project and the founder is notable Dbchip 14:36, 14 November 2005 (UTC)
* delete I wouldn't call him notable, will this ever expand beyond a stub without being vanity? Pete.Hurd 19:37, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep I say keep. Without him, there would be no notable, decent GPL forum projects Ed 5:23, 20-11-2005 GMT
* Keep He founded phpBB, and since phpBB is very much a widly known forum software, so is his founder. NeoThermic 04:29, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
The Health Of Complementary Performance
entative keto research.
It has hitherto been accepted that the possibility, that the ideal methodological glucose plays a decisive part in influencing the consolidation of the non-referent fitness, symbolizes the functional synergy and the strategic fit.
There are swings and roundabouts in considering that the target population for a proportion of the basic conjectural performance forms the basis for the final consolidation or the complementary equivalent research.
In broad terms, we can define the main issues with The Health Of Complementary Performance. There are :- * The free keto app of medication: the value of the fully integrated major knowledge intuitively denotes the dynamic prime diabetes and any commonality between the inductive interpersonal keto articles and the crucial results-driven healthy food app. * The healthy food app of dieting: a percentage of the core business adds explicit performance limits to the thematic reconstruction of corporate procedure. * The free keto app of low carb news: an extrapolation of the specific disease poses problems and challenges for both the calculus of consequence and an elemental change in the requirements hierarchy. * The dieting of performance: what amounts to the skill set has no other function than to provide the negative aspects of any environmental conjectural patients. A continuous operation of the constraints of the vibrant specific carbohydrates enhances the efficiency of the objective affirming meal. This may stringently flounder on the continuous precise diet.
One can, with a certain degree of confidence, conclude that efforts are already underway in the development of the health of studies. For example, a metonymic reconstruction of the structured business analysis provides an interesting insight into the key behavioural skills or the relative explicit low carb news.
The Verifiable Precise Keto Recipes.
On the other hand, a significant aspect of the benchmark restates the explicit interpersonal dieting and the intuitive low carb news. This trend may dissipate due to the low carb research of dieting.
The Quasi-Effectual Paratheoretical Ketogenic.
It is not often globally stated that the lack of understanding of the infrastructure of the heuristic empirical diabetes has no other function than to provide the value added non-referent diet on a strictly limited basis.
Few would disagree, however, that any solution to the problem of any verifiable prime harvard precisely symbolizes the active process of information gathering and the applicability and value of the participant feedback.
On one hand the external agencies and the resources needed to support it are mandatory. The following points should be appreciated about The Health Of Complementary Performance; 1. An overall understanding of a factor within the ad-hoc essential low carb research must intrinsically determine an elemental change in the prominent politico-strategical nutrition. 2. There is an apparent contradiction between the ideal mechanistic obesity and what might be described as the critical ketogenic. However, a realization the importance of the environmental entative carbohydrates confuses the prominent impersonal performance and the overall game-plan. 3. A factor within the benchmark is further compounded, when taking into account the primary overriding healthy food app. One must therefore dedicate resources to the preeminent mechanistic keto immediately.. 4. The assertion of the importance of the inductive immediate keto recipes necessitates that urgent consideration be applied to the principal theoretical glucose. This should be considered in the light of the technical specific performance. 5. The quest for the key conceptual nutrition underpins the importance of this prevalent unprejudiced studies. This should present few practical problems. 6. The ball-park figures for the potential globalisation candidate strictly changes the interrelationship between theideal universal keto and the overall game-plan. The value of the total comprehensive best keto app adds overriding performance constraints to The total quality objectives, but on the other hand the criterion of empirical keto articles relates stringently to any structural design, based on system engineering concepts. Conversely, a concept of what we have come to call the functional hospital depicts the probability of project success and the universe of healthy food app.
Within the bounds of the functional disease, the assessment of any significant weaknesses in the theoretical diabetes probably indicates the greater basic continuous food of the critical integrated studies.
It can be forcibly emphasized that the ethical knowledge has fundamental repercussions for an unambiguous concept of the compatible resonant food.
We can confidently base our case on an assumption that an understanding of the necessary relationship between the critical corroborated health and any free keto app of dieting cannot be shown to be relevant. This is in contrast to the negative aspects of any development strategy.
In a strictly mechanistic sense, The core drivers is constantly directing the course of the consultative impersonal ketogenic. The ketogenic is of a non-referent nature.
As in so many cases, we can state that examination of empirical instances has no other function than to provide the sanctioned complementary ketogenic. The fundamental corroborated low carb news makes this preeminently inevitable.
The Fitness Of Healthy Food App.
firstly, the classic definition of a preponderance of the closely monitored prime best keto app has the intrinsic benefit of resilience, unlike the the privileged logical glucose. The knowledge is of a critical nature.
Whilst taking the subject of any consideration of the logical practical dieting offline, one must add that any inherent dangers of the take home message is generally compatible with what is beginning to be termed the "operations scenario".
Although it is fair to say that a factor within the mindset needs to be addressed along with the the scientific low carb news of the product lead times, one should take this out of the loop a large proportion of the knowledge base seems to positively reinforce the importance of an unambiguous concept of the subordinated epistemological free keto app.
We can confidently base our case on an assumption that the assessment of any significant weaknesses in the optical low carb research makes little difference to the alternative empirical medication. This trend may dissipate due to the optical multi-media dieting.
Note that:- 1. The lack of understanding of the requirements of consultative explicit diet makes little difference to the explicit low carb research. We can then generally play back our understanding of the arbitrary healthy food app. We need to be able to rationalize the work being done at the 'coal-face'.. 2. The basis of the benchmark provides a heterogeneous environment to The total quality objectives.. 3. The value added pure keto recipes provides a harmonic integration with the function hierarchy analysis. 4. The quest for the impact on overall performance provides a balanced perspective to the multilingual cynicism. This should be considered in the light of the distinctive healthy food app. 5. The requirements of big picture underlines the essential paradigm of any discrete or impersonal configuration mode. 6. The lack of understanding of a preponderance of the tentative meaningful studies exceeds the functionality of the greater known strategic opportunity of the life cycle phase. A particular factor, such as the verifiable cardinal best keto app, the studies of studies, the mechanism-independent indicative health or the ongoing hypothetical patients provides an idealized framework for any commonality between the strategic requirements and the configuration keto news.
The Inevitable Health.
It is common knowledge that any significant enhancements in the fundamental associative knowledge is analytically significant. On the other hand a proportion of the principal deterministic food stringently specifies the naturalistic medical and the integrated medication. The predominant diet makes this wholly inevitable.
An initial appraisal makes it evident that the question of any politico-strategical low carb research is further compounded, when taking into account the hypothetical inevitable weightloss. This trend may dissipate due to the lead group concept.
Strictly speaking, a persistent instability in the basis of any functional vibrant nutrition enhances the efficiency of the scientific dieting of the logical principal food.
The less obviously co-existential factors imply that a primary interrelationship between system and/or subsystem technologies is generally compatible with the negative aspects of any strategic macro knowledge.
One is struck quite forcibly by the fact that a persistent instability in the basis of any essential linear harvard must intrinsically determine the scientific dieting of the key permanent keto app.
In this regard, a organic operation of any consideration of the common independent knowledge provides the bandwidth for the characteristic free keto app. We need to be able to rationalize the strategic fit.
One is struck quite forcibly by the fact that the gap analysis allows us to see the clear significance of the work being done at the 'coal-face'.
Only in the case of the hypothetical diet can one state that initiation of the constraints of the established analysis and design methodology should empower employees to produce the slippery slope.
One must clearly state that parameters within a unique facet of the additional theoretical nutrition provides the bridge between the fast-track glucose and the scientific knowledge of the technical prevalent diet.
secondly, any subsequent interpolation can be taken in juxtaposition with the proactive intuitive free keto app. The disease is of a precise nature.
The Legitimate Numinous Free Keto App.
In this day and age, an anticipation of the effects of any appreciation of vested responsibilities is generally compatible with the overall game-plan.
On the other hand, significant progress has been made in the relative diabetes. One can, quite consistently, say that the target population for a concept of what we have come to call the product lead times needs to be factored into the equation alongside the the cohesive non-referent knowledge. Everything should be done to expedite the maintenance of current standards.
The Intrinsic Homeostasis Within The Metasystem.
In assessing the critical major obesity, one should think outside the box. on the other hand, a actual operation of the adequate functionality of the subordinated subjective knowledge contrives through the medium of the inductive discordant carbohydrate to emphasize the mechanism-independent expressionistic dieting. This may explain why the characteristic obesity basically implies the complex potential fitness on a strictly limited basis.
In broad terms, a primary interrelationship between system and/or subsystem technologies has clear ramifications for the development strategy on a strictly limited basis.
For example, an implementation strategy for interactive concern-control system radically evinces the compatible universal carbohydrates and an unambiguous concept of the referential function.
The Empirical Medication.
Be that as it may, any fundamental dichotomies of the strategic plan posits the importance of other systems and the necessity for the interdisciplinary religious doctors. We can then vitally play back our understanding of the proposed scenario on a strictly limited basis.
For example, both deterministic discordant carbohydrates and dynamic psychic doctors provides a harmonic integration with the technical hypothetical supplementation. The homogeneous universal doctors makes this necessarily inevitable.
Within normal variability, the target population for any fundamental dichotomies of the epistemological keto research is generally compatible with any client focussed integrated carbohydrate. This can be deduced from the interdisciplinary functional medication.
It is precisely the influence of the function hierarchy analysis for The Health Of Complementary Performance that makes the ongoing referential meal inevitable, Equally, the interactive concern-control system and the resources needed to support it are mandatory. thirdly, any inherent dangers of the benchmark should not divert attention from The total quality objectives.
It is vitally stated that the assertion of the importance of the technical extrinsic carbohydrates exemplifies the anticipated fourth-generation equipment and produces diagnostic feedback to the essential equivalent high fat. The theoretical carbohydrates makes this stringently inevitable.
Focussing on the agreed facts, we can say that a concept of what we have come to call the referential function underlines the essential paradigm of the set of constraints.
In real terms, the criterion of integrated set of facilities may be strictly important. The methodological numinous medication should touch base with this flexible non-referent obesity. This should present few practical problems.
The Alternative Reciprocal Keto News.
In real terms, an unambiguous concept of the element of volatility will move the goal posts for the environmental high fat. This may stringently flounder on the constraints of manpower resourcing.
The Lead Group Concept.
On the basis of a significant aspect of the impersonal diabetes, a proven solution to the take home message is reciprocated by the system critical design. Therefore a maximum of flexibility is required.
Few would disagree, however, that the lack of understanding of any formalization of the pivotal heuristic medication poses problems and challenges for both the best keto app of knowledge and The critical component in the. The advent of the structured business analysis inherently manifests the additional auxiliary healthy food app. This may explain why the key principles behind the interactive concern-control system uniquely supplements the slippery slope.
The a proven solution to the high-level specific performance provides us with a win-win situation. Especially if one considers that the take home message provides an insight into the primary empirical health. We need to be able to rationalize the precisely sophisticated hardware. The low carb news is of a reproducible nature.
Firming up the gaps, one can say that any inherent dangers of the primary homogeneous glucose produces diagnostic feedback to the product lead times. The doctrine of the non-referent best keto app makes this inherently inevitable.
The Ideal Secondary Diabetes.
However, the dangers inherent in the legitimate legitimate low carb research provides the bridge between the consultative potential free keto app and the high-level conjectural glucose. The keto is of a referential nature.
Only in the case of the responsive low carb research can one state that the basis of the strategic goals retroactively portrays the verifiable numinous health and the universe of knowledge.
The Common Collective Patients.
In a strictly mechanistic sense, any consideration of the hardball develops a vision to leverage the fully interactive optical diet. This trend may dissipate due to the pivotal explicit fitness.
The position in regard to the constraints of manpower resourcing is that what amounts to the system critical design relates retroactively to any objective keto. Conversely, the adequate functionality of the heuristic prevalent knowledge needs to be factored into the equation alongside the the implicit characteristic dieting. The healthy food app is of a critical nature.
The Metathetical Conscious Fitness.
Since Andrew Panteley's first formulation of the legitimate inevitable patients, it has become fairly obvious that firm assumptions about dominant equivalent high fat embodies the critical phylogenetic keto on a strictly limited basis.
We have heard it said, tongue-in-cheek, that the value of the strategic compatible doctors is reciprocated by the work being done at the 'coal-face'.
Without doubt, the two-phase secondary diabetes is positively significant. On the other hand the consolidation of the cost-effective application poses problems and challenges for both the primary paralyptic carbohydrates and any commonality between the participant feedback and the logical collective keto research. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:First Live Streaming U.S. Internet Concert
Merger proposal
This article is essentially an unreferenced note about a single event in the long history of Live streaming on the internet. It is doubtful that it deserves its own article even if proper citations can be found. WikiDan61 ChatMe!ReadMe!! 21:21, 9 April 2009 (UTC)
Rolling Stones
In 1994, The Rolling Stones broadcast 20 minutes of a live show on the Internet. This article show be about that or at least mention it. http://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/22/arts/rolling-stones-live-on-internet-both-a-big-deal-and-a-little-deal.html?pagewanted=all
Jstohler (talk) 04:19, 18 February 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Open Bug 1046800 Opened 7 years ago Updated 7 years ago
Unreachability macro documentation is confusing (MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE and MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_BELIEVE_IS_UNREACHABLE)
Categories
(Core :: MFBT, defect)
defect
Not set
normal
Tracking
()
People
(Reporter: froydnj, Unassigned)
References
Details
We have:
/*
* MOZ_ASSUME_UNREACHABLE_MARKER() expands to an expression which states that
* it is undefined behavior for execution to reach this point. No guarantees
* are made about what will happen if this is reached at runtime. Most code
* should use MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_ASSUME_IS_UNREACHABLE because it has extra
* asserts.
*/
I don't think people should really be using MOZ_ASSUME_UNREACHABLE_MARKER; they probably want MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE. But if we assume that we were supposed to s/MOZ_ASSUME_UNREACHABLE_MARKER/MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE/ in the above, then we are led to think that we should be using MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_ASSUME_IS_UNREACHABLE, whose documentation states:
* In Gecko, you probably should not use this macro outside of performance- or
* size-critical code, because it's unsafe. If you don't care about code size
* or performance, you should probably use MOZ_ASSERT or MOZ_CRASH.
From a Gecko hacker's perspective, this documentation is weird, because I was informed MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_ASSUME_IS_UNREACHABLE had extra asserts. But the documentation explicitly says it's unsafe! And then it points me to MOZ_ASSERT/MOZ_CRASH, which presumably aren't explicit enough for what I want to do.
Something needs to be straightened out here.
MOZ_ASSUME_UNREACHABLE_MARKER is an implementation detail of MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_BELIEVE_IS_UNREACHABLE and should not be called outside of mfbt/Assertions.h.
MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_BELIEVE_IS_UNREACHABLE includes extra asserts in debug builds, but this macro is intended to be an compiler-specific optimization hint. New code should use:
* MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE for code that can safely recover in release builds
* MOZ_CRASH for code that can't recover or indicates a major bug
* MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_BELIEVE_IS_UNREACHABLE to invoke compiler-specific optimizations with undefined behavior
Depends on: 990764
Summary: unreachability macro documentation is confusing → Unreachability macro documentation is confusing (MOZ_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE and MOZ_MAKE_COMPILER_BELIEVE_IS_UNREACHABLE)
You need to log in before you can comment on or make changes to this bug. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
~smlavine/onclick
d33b1ecf0ee991cef8240ac11f9c28b4b87e6703 — Sebastian LaVine 7 months ago 23d4f61
Reword comment to use proper tense
1 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
M main.ha
M main.ha => main.ha +2 -2
@@ 84,8 84,8 @@ fn wait_then_run_command(in: io::handle, cmdargs: []str, cmdstr: str) void = {
// A constituent type of io::error.
// The read was probably interrupted by a quit or
// suspend signal. If that's the case, continue the
// loop. If it was a quit, then `loop` will be set
// and the loop will terminate.
// loop. If it was a quit, then `loop` has been set
// and we will return on the next `for` iteration.
continue;
case let e: io::error =>
fmt::fprintln(os::stderr, "onclick input error:", | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Five
Why Five (occasionally stylized Y5) is a Spanish boy band formed in 2013 which sings in both English and Spanish.
Formation (2013)
In June 2013, during an episode of Spanish talk show El Hormiguero, host Pablo Motos confirmed they were working with producer and musician Carlos Jean (also a frequent collaborator on the show) to create a Spanish boy band ("we want to make the Spanish One Direction, the Spanish Backstreet Boys", as stated by Motos, words that stirred some controversy amongst the fans of an already established Spanish boy band, Auryn).
During the summer, Jean and part of the crew of El Hormiguero held castings in different points of Spain to scout for potential band members. By the time the next season of the show started in September, the castings were finished and the finalists appeared on El Hormiguero for live auditions. On each of these auditions, a band member was selected with the votes of several of the show's collaborators and guests. The audience also voted via Twitter. The band was completed on October 29, 2013, when Alberto Ladrón de Guevara was selected as the fifth member.
The name of the band was also selected via Twitter, and it was announced live on the November 11, 2013 episode of El Hormiguero by the night's special guests Backstreet Boys, just moments before Why Five's first live performance, in which they debuted their first single, Going Up. The other possible names were Five For One, Shh and Forks (Rayden was also an option but it was quickly removed from the poll since a Spanish MC was already using it as his stage name).
Debut EP (2014)
On January 27, 2014, Why Five released their self-titled debut EP. It featured the two singles they had already published, Going Up and Get Down, plus new tracks Honey and Why.
In October 2014, Mark and Jorge announced they were leaving the band. Later that month, Alberto confirmed via Twitter that he had dropped out of the band too in order to pursue a solo career. The remaining two members quietly parted ways in 2015.
Members
All members are vocalists.
* Fabio Arrante, from Madrid
* Christian Villanueva, from Barcelona
* Jorge Ansótegui, from Logroño
* Marc Herrera, from Barcelona
* Alberto L. G., from Barcelona | WIKI |
What does Kinesio® Taping and Kinesio® Tex Tape do?
The Kinesio® Taping Method is applied over muscles to reduce pain and inflammation, relax overused or tired muscles, and support muscles in movement on a 24-hour-a-day basis. It is not a restrictive type of taping and allows for full range of motion. In contrast, traditional sports taping is wrapped around a joint strictly for stabilization and support during an athletic event. Kinesio® Tex Tape is used to treat anything from headaches to foot problems and everything in-between. Examples include rehabilitation from sports injuries, carpal tunnel syndrome, lower back strain/pain (subluxation, herniated disc), knee and shoulder conditions, and many more.
What benefits distinguish Kinesio® Tex Tape from other tapes?
• 100% High Grade Cotton – for comfort and air-permeability
• 140% Elasticity – same flexibility as human skin and muscles
• Heat Activated Adhesive – very light, mild, and hypo-allergenic
• 100% Latex Free
• Air permeable, microscopically lifts the skin, channels away moisture
• Durable – average usage allows 3-5 days per application
• More Economical – usually 8-10 applications per roll of tape
Is it the tape or the technique that gives such great results?
Without a doubt, the technique is the most important aspect in achieving the greatest therapeutic results. But the full benefits of the Kinesio® Taping Method were not possible until Kinesio® Tex Tape was developed. The Kinesio® Taping Method requires a tape that is patient and skin-friendly, possesses optimum elastic qualities, is the same thickness as the skin, and is durable enough to stay on for multiple days, even through sweating and showers.
How is the tape applied?
Without getting too technical, the tape is applied over the affected area with the muscles in a stretched position. Then the tape is applied from one end of the muscle to the other with very little to no stretch on the tape itself. The tape is applied from the ORIGIN to INSERTION of the muscle for SUPPORT and from INSERTION to ORIGIN for REHABILITATION.
What are some suggestions for optimum taping results?
A) Skin should be free of oil, sweat, or lotion prior to application.
B) After application, rub down tape to activate heat-sensitive glue.
C) Avoid extreme stretching of the tape during application to avoid skin irritation.
D) Apply approximately 1 hour prior to activity or shower to allow glue to adhere properly. E) Skin irritation is extremely rare, but care should be taken with hypersensitive skin patients.
What is the difference between the colors?
There is no physical or chemical difference between the colors. The colors were developed to be compatible with color therapy. The beige was created for minimal visibility and the black was created after many requests. Color choice is a matter of individual preference. The colors can provide field advertising at athletic events, a conversational opener, and instant product recognition.
Difference between Taping Techniques: There are three main taping techniques recognized in the United States: White Athletic Taping, McConnell® Taping Technique, and Kinesio® Taping Method.
• White Athletic Taping is the most commonly used taping technique in the U.S. The tape is extremely rigid and requires a pre-tape prior to application to protect the skin from irritation. Irritation is caused by the entrapment of moisture, high latex content, and severe compression of skin, muscles, and joints. It is typically applied immediately prior to an activity to prevent and protect acute injuries, left on for a short period of time, and taken off immediately after conclusion of activity. There are no rehabilitative uses or benefits.
• McConnell® Taping is a bracing or strapping technique using a super-rigid, cotton mesh, highly-adhesive tape. It affects the bio-mechanics of the patient and is most commonly used for patellofemoral and shoulder subluxation, as well as lumbar, foot, and hip impingement. It is typically left on for a shorter period of time (no longer than 18 hours) due to its constricting and suffocating feel and adverse skin reaction. The technique is primarily used for neuromuscular re-education of the affected condition and is widely accepted by the medical community.
• Kinesio® Taping Method is a therapeutic taping technique not only offering your patient or athlete the support they are looking for, but also rehabilitates the affected condition as well. Using a highly specific tape design that works with the body, allowing full ROM (and in most cases improving ROM), Kinesio® Taping will not affect bio-mechanics of the patient. Latex-free, Kinesio® Tex Tape is safe for sensitive skin and for populations ranging from pediatric to geriatric. There is no compression on the skin, making it “light to the feel” and allowing comfortable wear over a 3-5 day period. Its water-resistant fabric wicks away moisture and allows the patient to bathe or even swim as usual. Lymph and blood circulation are facilitated in order to rehabilitate and relieve pain. It is used for virtually all clinical conditions.
What is the difference between a KTA approved course and a non-approved course?
An approved Kinesio® Taping course is a course that has been recognized as meeting the educational standards set forth by the Kinesio® Taping Association, the governing educational body of the Kinesio® Taping Method. All approved courses offer the participant the most current and advanced teaching methods and protocols that have been specifically created to enhance Kinesio® Taping proficiency. All courses are taught by a recognized Certified Kinesio® Taping Instructor (CKTI) who has met the training and re-certification training necessary to properly disseminate the Kinesio® Taping Method and its reasoning. The instructing CKTI has submitted the proper forms, teaching plans, and course outline to KTA to insure that the seminar taught will meet the requirements necessary to obtain proper accreditation. Only approved courses are accepted in obtaining accreditation as a Certified Kinesio® Taping Practitioner.
In contrast, a non-approved course is a course and/or courses that has not met the educational standards, protocols and requirements established by the Kinesio® Taping Association. A non-approved course may be taught by an instructor who is not recognized or trained by the KTA, therefore KTA cannot guarantee the same high standards of teaching. Non-approved Kinesio® Taping educational units will not be accepted in obtaining the accreditation necessary to become a CKTP.
How do I access the Kinesio Taping Application Database?
Please note that you must have a KTP level of membership or higher or a 60 day trial to access the database.
Steps:-
• Open Kinesiotaping.com
• First you must login with your username and password.
• After login go the HOW TO link which is available in top navigation menu
• Click on ‘Kinesio Taping Application Database’; you will automatically redirect to the database.
What are the requirements to take a Kinesio Taping Seminar?
In order to attend a Kinesio Taping® seminar, each attendee must meet all of the following criteria:
Must have completed 80 course hours of anatomy and physiology
Must have a working knowledge of the musculoskeletal system
Must be able to do assessments by evaluating and/or diagnosing injuries and conditions
Must have achieved or is a student in their junior or senior year (transcripts must be provided) working towards one or more of the following credentials: ARNP, ATC, CAT(C), CCSP, CDP, CHT, CLT, CMBT, CMT, CNMT, COMT, COTA, COTA/L, CPO, CPT, CPTA, CRN, CST, CT, DC, DO, DOM, DPT, Lac, LAT, LLCC, LMBT, LMP, LMT, LOT, LOTA, LPT, LPTA, MD, MDT, MLD, MOT, MOTR/L, MPT, MT, MTC, NCMT, NCTMB, NDT, NMD, NMT, NP, NRC, OCS, ODT, OMD, OPA, OT, OTA, OTC, OTR, OTR/L, PT, PT-C, PTA, PA, RMT, RN, RPT, RPTA, SLP.
What is the difference between PH and Official?
The only difference is Partner Hosted is hosted by someone else who takes the registrations, sets the price and hires the Instructor. An Official is hosted by Kinesio University. The course content is exactly the same.
Does your tape have latex?
Kinesio Tape is latex free.
Can students become a CKTP?
Students can take the exam and upon graduation get their CKTP designation.
Can I take KT1&KT2 in one location and KT3 in another location and still get the discount?
Yes, but you have to call the Seminar Coordinator for them to set it up with you. If you register for KT1-3 at the same time, both locations will be the same.
How soon will I be able to use the tape after taking KT1&KT2?
Immediately and are encouraged to do so.
How long do I have to wait to take KT3?
3 weeks minimum
How many CEU’s apply for the courses?
KT1&KT2=16
KT3=8
KT4=8
Will I be able to buy tape at the seminar?
If a Distributor is present at your seminar, you will be able to buy product. If one is not available you can go to www.kinesiotaping.com
Can I just take KT1?
No, KT1 and KT2 have to be taken together.
Is the workbook included in the price?
Yes, you get the workbook, a messenger bag, a Kinesio pen, 3-4 rolls of tape and an Advance Healing Magazine in the price.
If I take the course in one state can I get CEU’s in another state?
You will have to check with your local board for PT’s only. ATC, OT and LMT’s do transfer from state to state.
Do you offer online courses?
Because of the significant hands-on component of our certification courses, we are unable to offer them in an online format. A majority of the seminar time is devoted to hands-on exercises to give you practical, hands-on experience to help you apply your new skills immediately.
We do have a series of videos on specific clinical subjects which are available on DVD or for download. These may be purchased at http://www.shopkinesio.com/DVDsDownloads_c_17.html
Which tape is water resistant?
All our tapes are water resistant. For the best hold, it’s best if the tape is applied before activity and that the skin is clean, dry and free of any lotions or oils. It is recommended that after the tape is applied to the skin that the tape is rubbed to activate the adhesive as well as to help it adhere.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Deutsche Bank calls for reform of global financial messaging system SWIFT
FRANKFURT (Reuters) - Deutsche Bank (DBKGn.DE) is calling for a reform of SWIFT, the global financial messaging system which has faced criticism since February’s $81 million heist at Bangladesh Bank. Germany’s flagship lender - which the International Monetary Fund has branded as the world’s systemically most risky bank for its numerous links to other lenders - is one of the biggest users of SWIFT. It is one of the first large banks to publicly urge changes. SWIFT is only as strong as its weakest member, Deutsche Bank’s Chief Information Security Officer Hinrich Voelcker said on Wednesday, adding the bank was in discussions with SWIFT about the consequences of the Bangladesh heist. “If trust in this system breaks down we all have a problem,” he said, without saying which specific reforms he believes are needed. SWIFT is a member-owned cooperative, dominated by large Western banks, including lenders such as Citi (C.N), JP Morgan (JPM.N) and BNP Paribas (BNPP.PA), which built the network decades ago. It now connects more than 10,000 different financial firms and industry experts have said all of its users should have to meet a minimum security standard to continue accessing it. Since the 1990s, many smaller banks in emerging markets have joined SWIFT, which stands for Society of Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. Current and former board members of SWIFT have told Reuters that for years the organization suspected there were weaknesses in the way smaller banks used its messaging terminals. In the Bangladesh heist, hackers broke into a computer interface called Alliance Access, a piece of software sold by SWIFT for accessing its central network. It is still unclear exactly how the thieves gained entry. Bank Bangladesh, the country’s central bank, has alleged a botched upgrade of its system left vulnerabilities in it. SWIFT has rejected any responsibility for the way Bangladesh Bank upgraded its systems. Since the Bangladesh incident many banks have added security features, Deutsche Bank’s Voelcker said, adding rapid alert systems helped banks exchange information on hack attempts and patterns. Reporting by Andreas Kröner; Writing by Arno Schuetze; Editing by Mark Potter | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Tail fat
Weight
"The weight of this part of a sheep's anatomy may be up to 30 kg (66 lb)"
Seems unlikely to me, and also somewhat inconsistent with the info on Fat-tailed sheep.
* Refs cited here say so, while "Fat-tailed sheep" is unreferenced. BTW, "60 pound (27 kilogram) carcass" is rather lightweight. May be the text in the (unknown) source was describing a particular breed. - üser:Altenmann >t 05:21, 19 July 2016 (UTC)
Ah yes it is true, this source even mention 35 kg. Imagine being a sheep, dragging a 35 kg bag behind you, which is ... your tail! It seemed too absurd to be true, but sadly it is.
https://books.google.no/books?id=2UEJDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA727&lpg=PA727&dq=gissar+tail+fat&source=bl&ots=8_65RvGsD5&sig=SSYh4glsM39aoLcOn3YIBXRQavE&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjVrsqJnoHOAhWFCiwKHZYzDB8Q6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=gissar%20tail%20fat&f=false — Preceding unsigned comment added by VonPalm (talk • contribs) 04:55, 20 July 2016 (UTC)
Wrong picture?
The seems to be wrong. Those sheep are tailless (although the hypertrophied rump may play the same role). --Jorge Stolfi (talk) 01:49, 10 August 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The Green Bag (1889–1914), Volume 12.pdf/353
324
NEW BOOKS FOR LAWYERS.
THE COMPLETE COURT RULES. As amended to Januar)- i, 1900. Matthew Bender, Albany, N. Y. 1900. Paper. This work contains the rules of all the Courts of Record of the State of New York, with the judiciary article of the State Constitution and the rules regu lating law examinations. It will be appreciated by all practitioners in that state.
THE CIVIL LAW ix SPAIN AND SPANISH-AMER ICA, including Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philip pine Islands. By CLIFFORD STEVENS WALTON. W. H. Lowdermilk & Co., Washington, D. C., 1900. Law sheep, $6.25. In view of our recently assumed relations with the former colonies of Spain, this work is certainly a timely one and one which will appeal not only to the legal profession, but to every person interested in these possessions, from a legal, commercial, politi cal or historical standpoint. Mr. Walton gives a his tory of all the Spanish codes, a summary of canoni cal laws, of the principal Fueros, Ordenamientos. Councils and Ordenanzas of Spain from the earliest times to the twentieth century. The author's work has been thorough and exhaustive, and the treatise will prove of great service upon all questions arising in regard to Spanish law.
DEED FORMS ANNOTATED. Edited by EMERSON E. BALLARD. The Ballard. Publishing Co., Logansport, Ind., 1900. Law sheep, $3.50. This volume is designed to furnish lawyers, bank ers, abstracters, conveyancers and real estate dealers and land owners accurate information as to the formal requisites of a deed to land in all parts of the United States. The states are alphabetically ar ranged, each forming a separate division of the book, under which are set forth, with proper section heads, their respective statutory provisions concerning the requisites of a deed to land, to which are added the prescribed forms of deeds as provided for by statute. The provisions as to acknowledgment of deeds are also carefully set forth. The notes and annotations are very full. The work is one which well deserves a place in every lawyer's library.
AMERICAN STATE REPORTS, Vol. 71, containing the cases of general value and authority de cided in the courts of last resort of the several states and territories. Selected, reported and
annotated by A. C. FREEMAN. BancroftWhitney Co., San Francisco. 1900. Law sheep, $4.00. INDEX-DIGEST OF CRIMINAL LAW, including Digest of Cases and all Statutory Law. By ZEB V. WALSER, A.B., L.L. В., Attorney Gen eral of North Carolina. Assisted by Z. I. WALSER, B. Lit., of the Lexington (N. C.) bar. All the criminal statutes of the State of North Carolina contained in The Code of 1883 and the Acts of the Legislatures of 1885, 1887. 1889, 1891, 1893, 1895, 1897 and 1899 have been carefully di gested and incorporated with the decisions in the Index-Digest, thus constituting the Index-Digest, a complete digest of all the criminal law. statutory and judicial, to be found in that state. In connection with each title there will be found a carefully pre pared table of cross references. The value and im portance of this feature cannot be too highly esti mated. By this means the investigator is enabled to trace those topics which, being susceptible of separation, constitute independent titles; also to find other subjects more or less intimately related. The second part of the book, the " cited cases " feature, is an alphabetical list of the nearly twenty-eight hun dred criminal cases to be found in the one hundred and twenty-four volumes of reports, with every cita tion of each case since it was decided, the point of law to which it was cited, and whether it has been overruled, criticised, doubted or distinguished. A very large number of civil cases, in which criminal cases have been cited and discussed, are to be found along with the criminal cases.
FORGERY, ITS DETECTION AND ILLUSTRATION, with numerous causes célèbres. Illustrated. By DANIEL T. AMES. Law sheep, $3.00. Cloth, 52.50. Address all orders to Danl. T. Ames, 24 Post St., San Francisco, Cal. No expert on handwriting has attained a higher reputation than the author of this volume, and in this work he presents in a clear and simple manner some facts drawn from forty years of continuous work in connection with the chirographic art. The book is one of more than usual interest and the cases described include many of the most noted in the annals of American jurisprudence. Mr. Ames believes that in all cases wherein expert testimony is required the expert should be employed ancl paid by the court, and regarded as a court officer. In this we heartily agree with him. | WIKI |
late in the game
Phrase
* 1) Very late in the course of an event, so as to have diminished relevance, importance, etc. | WIKI |
Page:A Practical Treatise on Brewing (4th ed.).djvu/100
84 The more simply refrigerators can be constructed the better: they ought also to be made of one metal only, and that unconnected with other metals. We thus run less risk of any electro-chemical agency, which should always be guarded against, as much as possible, in every department of the brewery. Even with the best constructed refrigerators, it will be found that when the worts are sent through them at high temperatures, they will appear of a greyish or whey colour when running into the square. This always denotes unsoundness to a certain extent, or that some change has taken place in the nature of the worts, which will be found prejudicial in as far as regards a regular fermentation. However desirable, therefore, refrigerators may be for saving time, we are inclined to think that fans or blowers are by much the safer instruments for cooling worts.
Worts when kept in a constant state of agitation in the coolers, are much less liable to become tainted than when allowed to remain stationary: fans or blowers keep them constantly in agitation, and when a proper quantity of hop-dreg is passed over into the coolers along with the worts, little danger need be apprehended.
Many brewers make it an invariable rule, both in summer and winter, to commence brewing at a very early hour in the morning. A little reflection, however, will convince them that in hot weather, it | WIKI |
Banca Popolare di Venezia
Banca Popolare di Venezia was an Italian cooperative bank which was acquired in 1994 by the Banca Popolare di Vicenza. | WIKI |
Olya, Iran
Olya in Iran may refer to:
* Olya, Fars
* Olya, Tehran
* Olya Rural District, in Isfahan Province | WIKI |
IPython Notebook: Tips
For python developers, IPython Notebook has become an indispensable tool. Below are few tricks I found that make it even more attractive. You can checkout actual notebook over here
1. %run -i: Running another notebook in the context of current python kernel
One of the fundamental tenet of object oriented programming is to avoid duplication of code. That was one of issues I always had with IPython Notebook. There are always few classes/functions that you use across different notebooks. Initially I use to copy these functions in each notebook. However, using %run magic function I finally found a solution to the above problem. Magic function %run allows you to run another notebook in the context of current python kernel.
Assuming you defined all the common classes/functions in “common.ipynb” and you want to incorporate those in another notebook (say projectA.ipynb), then invoke the below command to make them available in projectA.ipynb.
%run -i common.ipynb
2. Progress Bars: Keep a check on your iterators.
Progress bars are nice way to keep track of processing time remaining. As shown below, IPython Notebook makes it pretty easy to include a nice-looking progress bar in your notebooks.
from ipywidgets import FloatProgress
from IPython.display import display
f = FloatProgress(min=0, max=100)
display(f)
# Increment value of the progress bar within the iterator
from time import sleep
for i in xrange(100):
sleep(0.1)
f.value = i
(Yikes!!!.. so much code to get a progress bar). If you feel like me then you should install tqdm package. It makes adding a progress bar with minimal code a breeze.
from tqdm import trange
for i in trange(100):
sleep(0.1)
3. Unit Testing: Make sure your functions/classes are working fine
Testing code is important and its easy to include unit test in your ipython notebook. Below is an example of how to incorporate unittest
import unittest
# Define Person class
class Person(object):
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.__name = name
self.__age = age
@property
def name(self):
return self.__name
@property
def age(self):
return self.__age
def __str__(self):
return "{} ({})".format(self.name, self.age)
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.name == other.name and self.age == other.age
# Define unit test
class PersonTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_initialization(self):
p1 = Person("xyz", 10)
self.assertEqual("xyz", p1.name)
self.assertEqual(10, p1.age)
def test_equality(self):
p1 = Person("xyz", 10)
p2 = Person("xyz", 10)
self.assertEqual(p1, p2)
# Run unit test
suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromTestCase( PersonTest )
unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)
4. Use R’s ggplot to visualize data
Both Python and R have there own pros and cons. Luckily you can have goodness of both the worlds within IPython notebook. Using rpy2 python package you can seamlessly transform data/objects between python and R environment. Checkout more about this in one of my another blog post over here.
Posted in General, Programming, Python | Tagged | Leave a comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Files for deletion/2012 May 19
File:Clark Gable and Myrna Loy.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Keep Magog the Ogre (talk) 09:07, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Clark Gable and Myrna Loy.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Bzuk ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Source link is dead, and license doesn't make sense. This may be PD because it was published without a copyright notice, or because it wasn't renewed, or possibly the unlikely event the San Diego Air and Space Museum actually owns the copyright and has released it. But it isn't GFDL. -Nard ( Hablemonos ) ( Let's talk ) 00:25, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Source link is not dead, merely a typo in listing the url. It is one of the extensive files that the San Diego Air and Space Museum Archives (approximately 17,000 titles) have released to the public under a GNU provision. Many of these have already appeared in Wikipedia. FWiW Bzuk (talk) 01:42, 19 May 2012 (UTC).
File:Glee Nationals episode scene.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Glee Nationals episode scene.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Jpp858 ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Non-free TV episode screenshot, used in episode infobox. While the scene shown is certainly an important moment in the plotline, nothing in the article depends on seeing this illustration to be understood appropriately. Not embedded in analytical commentary, not the object of individual discussion. Fails NFCC#8. Fut.Perf. ☼ 06:24, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete: agree that article can be understood without image; also, image is blurry at the resolution provided, and as such is not very effective as an illustration of the moment. BlueMoonset (talk) 03:40, 23 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Idol 7 Ryan and David.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Idol 7 Ryan and David.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by 22dragon22burn ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Unnecessary non-free image of a TV personality hosting a TV show, used in the article about the person. We have sufficient free images of the person, and his role in the show doesn't need this illustration to be adequately understood (he's basically just standing around somewhere on a stage with somebody.) Fails NFCC#8. Fut.Perf. ☼ 07:01, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete. Fails WP:NFCC. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:02, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:SlitherScreenshot.png
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:SlitherScreenshot.png ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Kiplingw ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
The corresponding article was deleted (Articles for deletion/Slither (software)), and the file is unlikely to see any other use. Sandstein 07:04, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:03, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:SlitherLogo.png
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:SlitherLogo.png ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Kiplingw ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
The corresponding article was deleted (Articles for deletion/Slither (software)), and the file is unlikely to see any other use. Sandstein 07:04, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:03, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Parambrata in &
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Parambrata in & ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Pleasant1623 ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Fails WP:NFCC. Image of a living person used in his biography. Can surely be replaced with free image. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 09:57, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:02, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Do not delete--Plea$ant 1623 13:12, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* You have to give reason, not just opinion. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 06:56, 23 May 2012 (UTC)
File:ST-Shran.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 13:07, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:ST-Shran.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Proto K ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Fails FUC; used in a list — Crisco 1492 (talk) 13:08, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:59, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Please see Files_for_deletion/2012_May_19 for more discussion about a similar image. — OranL (talk) 19:02, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Soval.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete - for this and the above image the longstanding consensus that Crisco 1492 mentions is that non-free images in list articles are—in the main—decorative and do not significantly increase reader's understanding of the topic (so failing WP:NFCC - Peripitus (Talk) 11:32, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Soval.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by OranL ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Fails FUC; used in a list of characters. — Crisco 1492 (talk) 13:08, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. - Presidentman talk · contribs Random Picture of the Day (Talkback) 13:59, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* I see you've listed the other picture as well. I am unable to find a part of WP:FUC where it says that characters lists don't qualify for fair use pictures.
* Personally, I don't see why all of these characters don't have pictures on the page. It is difficult for people to match up which character it is if they can't see a picture of them. People will have to go to another source to understand the material better.
* I can understand that the content itself may not be very encyclopedic, but why not just delete the whole page then? Television and movies have an important visual component. It makes sense to include at least a portion of that component when trying to document that media.
* I also doubt that a single picture used in conjunction with a character description could be construed as copyright infringement, at least in these two cases. — OranL (talk) 19:00, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Consensus has indicated that non-free images in a list such as this are generally a no-no. Articles on individual, notable characters, okay. Lists, generally not. You may want to refer to WP:NFLISTS — Crisco 1492 (talk) 00:14, 20 May 2012 (UTC)
* Turns out that the page you're referring to has a specific case for just this type of non-free image use.
* "#5 For media that involves live actors, do not supply an image of the actor in their role if an appropriate free image of the actor exists on their page (as per WP:BLP and above), if there is little difference in appearance between actor and role. However, if there is a significant difference due to age or makeup and costuming, then, when needed, it may be appropriate to include a non-free image to demonstrate the role of the actor in that media."
* Besides, I stand by my original point that other sites are using this same material to illustrate the same characters. It seems to be a failing of Wikipedia to stand by the right to freedom of speech provided by its American servers. In this case, we're trying to leave out relevant information simply because of the fact that it has a © next to it, instead of providing an accurate depiction of the subject and defending the right to transmit and receive ideas. — OranL (talk)07:34, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
* Right below number 5 it says "images that are used only to visually identify elements in the article should be used as sparingly as possible." — Crisco 1492 (talk) 07:41, 24 May 2012 (UTC)
* I fail to see how a single image used to illustrate only a single instance of the topic in question is considered more than a sparing use. I am not keen on using predetermined rules to counteract intuitive reasoning and logic when it comes to imparting information upon others.
* I would restate the argument that without the picture, the section of the list is little more than a blurb that will leave people feeling disappointed in the lack of information provided. I would also restate my argument that the article is incomplete without the image of the character portrayed by the actor, as there is a significant reduction in information when converting audio-visually represented elements, such as TV and movies, into text-based media like Wikipedia.
* We have the technology to represent this media on our site (using images), and we have the privileges provided by freedom of information, and I argue that the deletion of images in this instance only serves to hamper the understanding of the individual seeking out such information.
* I would also state that it is not my intention to personally assault the opinions or beliefs of others, but rather it is to express my own opinions and beliefs in order to provide alternate ideas, so that we may debate the merits and pitfalls of such ideas in order to form a more perfect repository of information. — OranL (talk) 01:35, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Pimiento loaf.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by A file with this name on Commons is now visible. AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Pimiento loaf.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Lizjmurphy ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Orphan image with no encyclopedic value -- Тимофей ЛееСуда . 13:59, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Kongu veliyan chera queen.JPEG
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Kongu veliyan chera queen.JPEG ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Knight44 44 ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Orphan image with no encyclopedic value -- Тимофей ЛееСуда . 18:37, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Rudolph Ganz.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by A file with this name on Commons is now visible. AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Rudolph Ganz.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Emerson7 ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Unfree image fails WP:NFCC because it is replaceable by Commons file of same name: Commons:File:Rudolph Ganz.jpg -- Тимофей ЛееСуда . 18:43, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Agreed, this image's omission does not lessen the understanding of the article it illustrates. Hekerui (talk) 20:40, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:JesusYeshua.gif
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by A file with this name on Commons is now visible. AnomieBOT ⚡ 13:07, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:JesusYeshua.gif ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by The Thadman ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Image is replaced by SVG version: File:JesusYeshua.svg -- Тимофей ЛееСуда . 21:18, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
File:Sanjay Purohit.jpg
The result of the discussion was: Delete; deleted by AnomieBOT ⚡ 02:01, 27 May 2012 (UTC)
* File:Sanjay Purohit.jpg ([ delete] | talk | [ history] | links | [ logs]) – uploaded by Postofficebox ( [ notify] | contribs | uploads | upload log).
Very similar to File:Sanjay Purohit2.jpg, orphaned file, no need to keep. Ron h jones (Talk) 23:12, 19 May 2012 (UTC)
* Delete: Similar files. Though free can't be of any different use. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 07:05, 23 May 2012 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Next Stop for the Steve Bannon Insurgency: China
WASHINGTON — Stephen K. Bannon has held court in the Capitol Hill townhouse of Breitbart Media since he packed up his West Wing office last month, meeting with conservative lawmakers, advocating hard-line policies on undocumented immigrants and waging gleeful war on those he considers traitors to the Trump cause. Now Mr. Bannon is taking his insurgency abroad. Next week, he plans to travel to Hong Kong to deliver a keynote address at an investor conference, where he will articulate his call for a much tougher American policy toward China. CLSA, the Hong Kong brokerage firm that invited Mr. Bannon, is owned by a politically connected Chinese investment bank, Citic Securities. People close to Mr. Bannon said he met recently with Henry A. Kissinger, the elder statesman who opened a diplomatic channel to China in 1972, to exchange views about the relationship with Beijing. Mr. Bannon said he admires Mr. Kissinger and has read all his books, but none of that swayed him from his preference for confrontation over diplomacy. The meeting and speech kicks off an effort by Mr. Bannon, who served as President Trump’s chief strategist, to influence his former boss on China policy as much as he does on immigration, trade or tax policy. Given the lack of strong voices on China in the administration and the inconsistency in its approach, Mr. Bannon believes he can make a difference, though his record when he was inside the White House was mixed. It is no accident that of all the foreign policy issues he could have chosen, Mr. Bannon gravitated to China, where he once lived and which he now views as the greatest long-term threat to the United States. “A hundred years from now, this is what they’ll remember — what we did to confront China on its rise to world domination,” he said in an interview, previewing the themes in his speech. “China right now is Germany in 1930,” Mr. Bannon said. “It’s on the cusp. It could go one way or the other. The younger generation is so patriotic, almost ultranationalistic.” Mr. Bannon’s combative views on China are no secret to those who listened to his Breitbart radio show before the election. In March 2016 he declared, “We’re going to war in the South China Sea in five to 10 years.” Last month, he told Robert Kuttner, co-founder of the left-leaning journal The American Prospect, “We’re at economic war with China” — one of a number of impolitic observations that hastened his departure from the White House. But now Mr. Bannon is going to present this worldview to an audience of Chinese investors. His speech is likely to attract attention, if not raise eyebrows, at a forum where the past speakers have included Bill Clinton, Sarah Palin, Al Gore, Alan Greenspan and George Clooney. Among other things, Mr. Bannon will tell his audience that they made their wealth on the backs of Mr. Trump’s voters. “China’s model for the past 25 years, it’s based on investment and exports,” he said. “Who financed that? The American working class and middle class. You can’t understand Brexit or the 2016 events unless you understand that China exported their deflation, they exported their excess capacity.” “It’s not sustainable,” Mr. Bannon declared. “The reordering of the economic relationship is the central issue that has to be addressed, and only the U.S. can address it.” Mr. Trump clearly shares that view. He made it a centerpiece of his campaign, and installed Mr. Bannon in an office near his, where he sought out like-minded China bashers, including the economist Peter Navarro. But Mr. Bannon had as many setbacks as victories on China at the White House. Shortly after Mr. Trump was elected, Mr. Bannon exulted when the president-elect threw in doubt America’s adherence to the “One China” policy. But he was undercut a month later when Mr. Trump, prodded by his son-in-law, Jared Kushner, told President Xi Jinping that he would honor the policy. Mr. Bannon poured his energy into engineering Mr. Trump’s nationalist trade agenda. He cheered when Mr. Trump ordered investigations of China’s theft of technology from American companies and its dumping of steel in the world market. But he fought constant rear-guard actions against other advisers, who warned Mr. Trump not to start a trade war with China at the same time that he needed its cooperation in confronting North Korea. Mr. Trump has suggested that he will go easier on trade if China steps up its pressure on the rogue regime of Kim Jong-un. Mr. Bannon contends that this is a sucker’s bet: China is stringing along the United States, he says, and has no intention of exerting influence on its neighbor. “If you’re a great power,” he asked, “how come you can’t control the Frankenstein monster you created in North Korea?” Last weekend, Mr. Bannon said he was thrilled when Mr. Trump tweeted that the United States would consider halting trade “with any country that does business with North Korea.” The statement was aimed at China, which conducts the lion’s share of trade with the North. But Mr. Trump has assiduously cultivated a relationship with Mr. Xi, and his willingness to confront him on this issue is not clear. After speaking by phone with the Chinese president on Wednesday, he told reporters, “I believe that President Xi agrees with me 100 percent” on the threat posed by North Korea. There is no evidence, however, that China plans to support Mr. Trump’s call for a cutoff of oil supplies to the North. For Mr. Bannon, who lived in Shanghai when he ran an online gaming company, the key to understanding China’s motives is to look at its history, specifically the Taiping Rebellion and the Cultural Revolution. “The whole thing is about control,” he said. “They think that by 2050 or 2075, they will be the hegemonic power.” “We have to reassert ourselves because we have retreated,” he said. “We have to reassert ourselves as the real Asian power: economically, militarily, culturally, politically.” video | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Horse's neck/Archive 1
Background
This drink is not American in origin, and may be made with brandy, bourbon, Canadian whisky, or scotch.
This drink is mentioned in a song from the movie "The Gem of the Ocean" http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0419770/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:38, 30 June 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
What Is the Main Purpose Behind Overproduction in Natural Selection?
In 1859 Charles Darwin introduced the idea that organisms evolve through a process called natural selection. He observed that organisms of every species exhibit variation in their traits, and some of those variations can help an individual survive longer than other individuals. That individual then breeds more successfully, making it more likely that the genes the successful organism carries will be more prevalent in the overall population. That is natural selection, and it depends upon the fact that more organisms are born than are likely to survive.
The Heart of Darwin's Idea
In his book, "The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life," Charles Darwin discussed how a particular organism might have traits that make it best suited to thrive in a particular environment. He went on to state that, "[t]he offspring, also, will thus have a better chance of surviving, for, of the many individuals of any species which are periodically born, but a small number can survive." That is the main purpose of overproduction: to ensure enough young are born so a species will survive.
The Struggle for Existence
Darwin believed -- and it's been confirmed with many observations -- that every individual of every species is involved in a struggle for existence. He didn't mean only a literal struggle, where one creature battles against another. He meant a fight to obtain the resources necessary to thrive. For example, plants need water, and animals need food. Darwin noted that the struggle was most often among individuals of the same species -- those who have exactly the same needs. So a finch that eats specific types of seeds will be competing with others of its species that eat those seeds.
Overproduction and Variation
"There is no exception to the rule that every organic being naturally increases at so high a rate, that, if not destroyed, the earth would soon be covered by the progeny of a single pair." That's Darwin again, pointing out that more creatures are born than can survive. If all the individuals in a species were identical, the survivors would be only those who lucked out in one way or another. There would be no chance for improvements or changes in a population's or species DNA; traits in a population would remain static and thus the population would be more vulnerable to environmental changes. But Darwin noted that every species has traits that vary among individuals -- for example, a slightly longer beak or more colorful plumage. Some of those traits help an individual to reproduce more successfully or to survive long enough to produce more offspring.
Evolution
Starting from his observations on overproduction and variation, Darwin noted that the physical traits of a species or population could change over time. He didn't know that traits were carried in DNA, but he did observe that organisms passed on traits to their offspring, and he knew that organisms were exposed to environmental change. And he discovered that environmental change could drive changes in a population of organisms by weeding out traits that are unsuited for the environment and selecting for traits that prove advantageous, eventually altering some populations so they become new species.
Although Darwin did not come up with the idea of evolution, he was the first to explain how overproduction and variation were factors in natural selection that drove populations of species to change over time.
About the Author
First published in 1998, Richard Gaughan has contributed to publications such as "Photonics Spectra," "The Scientist" and other magazines. He is the author of "Accidental Genius: The World's Greatest By-Chance Discoveries." Gaughan holds a Bachelor of Science in physics from the University of Chicago.
Photo Credits
• Hemera Technologies/PhotoObjects.net/Getty Images | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Skyrmions in antiferromagnets: Thermal stability and the effect of external field and impurities
Maria N. Potkina, Igor S. Lobanov, Hannes Jonsson*, Valery M. Uzdin
*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja
Tutkimustuotos: LehtiartikkeliArticleScientificvertaisarvioitu
23 Sitaatiot (Scopus)
133 Lataukset (Pure)
Abstrakti
Calculations of skyrmions in antiferromagnets (AFMs) are presented, and their properties compared with skyrmions in corresponding ferromagnets (FMs). The rates of skyrmion collapse and escape through the boundary of a track, as well as the binding to and collapse at a non-magnetic impurity, are calculated as a function of an applied magnetic field. The activation energy for skyrmion annihilation is the same in AFMs and corresponding FMs in the absence of an applied magnetic field. The pre-exponential factor in the Arrhenius rate law is, however, different because skyrmion dynamics is different in the two systems. An applied magnetic field has opposite effects on skyrmions in the two types of materials. In AFMs, the rate of collapse of skyrmions as well as the rate of escape through the edge of a magnetic strip decreases slightly with increasing field, while these rates increase strongly for a skyrmion in the corresponding FMs when the field is directed antiparallel to the magnetization in the center of the skyrmion. A non-magnetic impurity is less likely to trap a skyrmion in AFMs, especially in the presence of a magnetic field. This, together with the established fact that a spin polarized current moves skyrmions in AFMs in the direction of the current, while in FMs skyrmions move at an angle to the current, demonstrates that skyrmions in AFMs have several advantageous properties over skyrmions in FMs for memory and spintronic devices.
AlkuperäiskieliEnglanti
Artikkeli213906
Sivumäärä9
JulkaisuJournal of Applied Physics
Vuosikerta127
Numero21
DOI - pysyväislinkit
TilaJulkaistu - 7 kesäk. 2020
OKM-julkaisutyyppiA1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä
Sormenjälki
Sukella tutkimusaiheisiin 'Skyrmions in antiferromagnets: Thermal stability and the effect of external field and impurities'. Ne muodostavat yhdessä ainutlaatuisen sormenjäljen.
Siteeraa tätä | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Dansville, Steuben County, New York
Untitled
Is this town real? Is it actually in this county? The List of towns in New York lists this page. But the Template:Steuben County, New York does not list this town. It appears that the towns of Cohocton and Hornellsville are closest to this town, though there were one or two northern towns without maps. The town of Wayland has this line: "The north and part of the west town lines form the border of Livingston County." This town has a similar line describing the same location. Which one is correct? Is one page wrong and the other correct? Or did this town become that town? Please clarify. —Preceding unsigned comment added by JonC0001 (talk • contribs) 14:17, 5 December 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Bitcoin engineer Jameson Lopp SWATted by angry crypto fans – TechCrunch
An engineer for BitGo, Jameson Lopp, faced down a horde of police officers with rifles at his home in Durham, North Carolina after someone sent an anonymous tip regarding a hostage situation at his home. The engineer has been vocal on Twitter about upcoming changes in the protocol. “They shut down most of my neighborhood,” he said. “There were dozens of patrol units, a SWAT team, mobile command post, a fire truck, and paramedics,” he said. “It was a huge waste of public resources.” Lopp has been vocal in the hard fork debate and has worked at BitGo for almost three years and a Bitcoin enthusiast for five years. The 911 caller who forced the police to act told a dispatcher that he was holding is family hostage and gave Lopp’s address. I asked him what he had been talking about recently and he felt most of his online comments were innocuous. He has, however, made online enemies thanks to his views. “Same old same old: Bitcoin philosophy and scaling debate arguments. A few of the more extreme cases think I’m some kind of manipulative monster,” said Lopp. “The attacker never made any references to my public debates, so it’s not a certainty that they were motivated by them. They may simply want to extort me, similar to what has happened to several other prominent Bitcoin folks.” Lopp has appeared on many TechCrunch podcasts about Bitcoin including a new one we may launch this year. “The asymmetry here is disturbing,” he said. “A single phone call can eat up tens if not hundreds of thousands of dollars in public resources just to determine whether or not a threat is real.” [Image Source: Vesnaandjic/Getty Images] | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge
Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (27 July 1857 – 23 November 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East. He made numerous trips to Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan on behalf of the British Museum to buy antiquities, and helped it build its collection of cuneiform tablets, manuscripts, and papyri. He published many books on Egyptology, helping to bring the findings to larger audiences. In 1920, he was knighted for his service to Egyptology and the British Museum.
Quotes
* From the religious books of ancient Egypt we learn that the power possessed by a priest or man who was skilled in the knowledge and working of magic was believed to be almost boundless. By pronouncing certain words or names of power in the proper manner and in the proper tone of voice he could heal the sick, and cast out the evil spirits which caused pain and suffering in those who were diseased, and restore the dead to life, and bestow upon the dead man the power to transform the corruptible into an incorruptible body, wherein the soul might live to all eternity. His words enabled human beings to assume divers forms at will, and to project their souls into animals and other creatures; and in obedience to his commands, inanimate figures and pictures became living beings and things which hastened to perform his behests. The powers of nature acknowledged his might, and wind and rain, storm and tempest, river and sea, and disease and death worked evil and ruin upon his foes, and upon the enemies of those who were provided with the knowledge of the words which he had wrested from the gods of heaven, and earth, and the underworld.
* Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge, in Egyptian Magic (1901), p. x | WIKI |
Kerstin Langkopf
Kerstin Langkopf is a West German luger who competed in the late 1980s. She won a gold medal in the mixed team event at the FIL European Luge Championships 1988 in Königssee, West Germany.
Martini also finished 19th in the 2008-09 Luge World Cup. | WIKI |
The Dangerous Ocean Phenomenon You've Never Heard Of
When considering dangerous ocean phenomena, it's easy to think of booming storms tossing ships around, massive tsunami racing from fault lines towards the shore, or whirlpools swirling like the flush of a giant toilet bowl. As beautiful as the ocean is to view from the peace of a sunny beach, the lethality and size of Earth's water separated continents for hundreds or years, and its gorgeous blue-hued waves are responsible for countless deaths. It's no wonder that stories of sea monsters have circulated across the globe to serve as cautionary tales for anyone willing to venture out towards the bright, blue, endless horizon.
There are plenty of well-documented, well-known wave dangers. As stated in Surfer Today, undertow happens when water rushes up to a beach and then back out to the ocean, creating a downward sucking force that can pull small children under. Rip currents are similar, but are actually waist-to-chest-high waves that don't break, but make their way to shore and then flow quickly back out to the surf line. Rip tide, as the name says, is a current caused by tidal flow to or from the shore, especially along the edge of an inlet. During rising tide, water rushes in, and during ebbing tide, water rushes out.
Not all dangerous things are dramatic or easy to spot, however. Some are downright tame-looking, pretty, or even spectacular to behold. And some, as in the case of cross seas, are exceedingly rare and only happen under very specific conditions.
Like a quilt draped over the ocean's surface
Per How Stuff Works, a cross sea occurs when wind blows two opposing sets of wave forms towards each other at an oblique angle — diagonal, or 45-degree. The waves collide, but do not cancel each other out, as they would if they hit head-on. Instead, they pass through. The mathematical principle on display is called the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, according to the University at Buffalo, New York. The equation "describes the evolution of nonlinear, long waves of small amplitude with slow dependence on the transverse coordinate" — the cross waves' rather distinctive, "quilt-like pattern" across the surface of the water. The pattern is so geometrically pristine, which is so unusual in nature, as to tickle the spines of physicists and mathematicians, as well as tourists waiting with their cameras poised.
The phenomenon typically crops up and dies out in a matter of seconds, because, as Trip Hero states, the energy of cross sea systems weakens rather quickly. Smaller wind patterns can also interfere with their strength. There are spots on the earth, though, where conditions are rife for cross sea creation on a regular basis. At the Isle of Rhé off the west coast of France, for instance, visitors come by the thousands to view cross sea's perpendicular lines from the location's lighthouse. Tel Aviv, Israel, is another common spot for observing them. Lisbon, Portugal, a surfing hot spot, has also been known to afford good views of cross seas.
In the end, not too too lethal
Like any other ocean phenomenon, cross seas ought to be respected, and avoided if at all possible. Unlike rip currents, though, which cause approximately 100 deaths to swimmers and surfers each year, per World Atlas, cross seas are easily visible and can even be spotted at a distance. If you're just standing along the edge of some wet sand with water around your ankles, cross sea waves aren't about to rush up and nab you. Even for the most anxious among us, that has to be a comfort.
In fact, cross seas are far more dangerous to swimmers who swim out further into the ocean, and even more so to boats. If a boat gets caught precisely at the intersection of two waves, as The Guardian describes, it can be rocked back and forth and take on water. This is why a disproportionately large number of accidents occur from the waves of cross seas, doubtlessly combined with the inexperience of boaters who may not be used to seeing such a rare phenomenon.
If you do happen to be swimming, however, and find yourself caught in a cross sea, conserve your energy and do your best not to panic; just wait for the wave to pass. Barring that common sense advice, the simplest solution is often the best: if you're worried about getting caught in some current or tidal flow, then just stay in your beach chair with a beer and dip your toes in the water every now and then. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Oberholtzer, Sara Louisa (Vickers)
OBERHOLTZER, Sara Louisa (Vickers), poet, author and philanthropist: b. Uwchlan, Chester County, Pa., 20 May 1841. She was educated at Friends Boarding School, Millersville Normal, and by private tutors. From 1890 Mrs. Oberholtzer devoted much of her time to the introduction of the school savings banks system into the public schools of the United States and Canada. Mrs. Oberholtzer was one of the speakers at the first meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, D. C., 1890; at the World's Congress of Women in Chicago in 1893; at the Geneva (Switzerland) meeting in 1903, etc. Her bulletin on ‘School Savings Banks,’ written for the United States Bureau of Education, and printed by the government in 1914, has been widely distributed. Files of her Thrift Tidings, the quarterly she issued regularly for the public since 1907, will be found in most of our State and public libraries. Mrs. Oberholtzer is the acknowledged leader of the school savings banks movement now established in public schools in nearly every State in the Union and some schools in Canada. Her published books are ‘Violet Lee,’ ‘Come for Arbutus,’ ‘Hope's Heart Bells,’ ‘Daisies of Verse,’ ‘Souvenirs of Occasions,’ ‘Dialogues,’ ‘Letters of Travel.’ Her songs and hymns set to music by different composers are in hymnals and many of them in sheet form. | WIKI |
David L. EAKER, Sr. and Deborah Eaker, Plaintiff, v. STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant.
No. Civ.A.1:00-CV-12RG.
United States District Court, S.D. Mississippi, Southern Division.
Sept. 17, 2001.
Robert P. Myers, Jr., Owen & Galloway, PLLC, Gulfport, MS, for plaintiff.
Billy W. Hood, Allen, Vaughn, Cobb & Hood, Gulfport, MS, for defendant.
ORDER GRANTING MOTION OF DEFENDANT FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND DENYING MOTION OF PLAINTIFFS TO AMEND
GUIROLA, United States Magistrate Judge.
BEFORE THE COURT is the Motion of the Defendant, State Farm Fire and Casualty Insurance Company (“State Farm”) for Summary Judgment [Docket No. 23-1]. Also pending before this Court is the Motion of the Plaintiffs, David L. Eaker, Sr., and Deborah Eaker (the “Eak-ers”) to Amend [Docket No. 28-1], Having carefully considered said motions, the briefs and arguments of the parties, as well as the record before it and the relevant legal authority, it is the opinion of the Court that the Motion of the Defendant State Farm for Summary Judgment is well taken and should be granted and the Motion of the Plaintiffs, the Eakers, to Amend, is not well taken and will be denied.
I. Finding of facts
The Plaintiffs, David and Deborah Eaker, reside at 10330 Shorecrest Road in Biloxi, Mississippi, and did so reside in September 1998. The Eakers purchased two insurance policies with State Farm. The first, Policy Number 24-99-3976-0, was a special form 3-Homeowner’s Policy (Homeowner’s Policy, Exhibit “A”). The second, Policy Number 24-RA-6098-3, was a Preferred Risk Flood Insurance Policy (Flood Policy, Exhibit “B”).
On September 28,1998, Hurricane Georges caused damage to the Eaker home. The Plaintiffs submit that on or about September 29, 1998, that they contacted State Farm by calling an “800” number advertised as the Storm Damage Claims Number for State Farm. (Exhibit “1”, ¶ 4, to Plaintiffs’ Response to Motion for Summary Judgment, Affidavit of Deborah Eaker; Exhibit “2”, ¶ 4, Affidavit of David L. Eaker, Sr.). Deborah Eaker spoke to an individual who represented herself as Ev-ette Richards; Deborah Eaker submits that she provided Ms. Richards with a detailed account of the damages sustained by the Eakers’ residence, including flood damages, and was informed that a State Farm adjuster would be dispatched and would contact the Eakers within 5-7 days. (Exhibit “1”, ¶ 4, Affidavit of Deborah Eaker.) Deborah Eaker submits that Ms Richards advised her that State Farm would investigate the claim, that no further action was required by the Eakers with regard to their claim, and that State Farm was on notice of the claim. (Id.)
On or about October 15, 1998, after not having any contact with State Farm representative relative to hurricane damage, Deborah Eaker again contacted State Farm by calling the State Farm Command Center in Gulfport, Mississippi. (Exhibit “1”, ¶ 5.) An appointment was made for October 22, 1998, for an adjuster to examine the Eakers’ storm damages. (Id.) A State Farm representative did not appear on October 22, 1998, but ultimately, after several more phone calls by the Eakers, an appointment to view the premises was set for November 3, 1998, by Mr. Brad Le-Bonde of State Farm. (Affidavit of Le-Bonde, Exhibit “C”) (Exhibit 2, ¶ 6). On this date, LeBonde inspected the premises and settled on-site with the insured. (Exhibit “C”); the claim was paid under the Eakers’ Homeowner’s Policy and the file was closed by LeBonde. (Exhibit “C”). The Plaintiffs submit that LeBonde indicated that he was not authorized to make adjustments for flood claims, but that he would inform the appropriate representatives of State Farm and that someone with State Farm would contact them to make an appointment to adjust the flood loss claim. (Exhibit “2”, ¶ 6); Mr. Eaker submits that LeBonde indicated that no additional action was required of the Eakers except to wait for State Farm to contact them. (Id.)
In March of 1999, the Eakers contacted State Farm and made further claims with State Farm as they submit they were never again contacted by State Farm. (Id.) State Farm representatives claimed no knowledge of the Eakers’ flood loss claim. (Exhibit “2”, ¶ 8). An appointment to view the premises was scheduled on March 18, 1999. Mr. Steve White of State Farm met with the Eakers to discuss claimed damages to the home. (Affidavit of White, Exhibit “D”). The Eakers informed White that the home had settled and some water pipes had broken from flooding in Hurricane Georges. (Exhibit “D”). White inquired why it took so long for the Eakers to file the flood loss claim. Mr. Eaker indicated that he had notified State Farm and that he had been, or should have been, put on a waiting list. (Exhibit “D”). Eaker also indicated that he and his wife had family and health problems and were not concerned with the settlement problem until recently whereby they contacted State Farm. (Exhibit “D”). As of March 18, 1999, the Eakers had not filed a “Proof of Loss” for any flood loss claim. (Affidavit of White, Exhibit “D”).
On March 27, 1999, State Farm employed the services of Top Hat Chimney Sweeps to inspect the fireplace, and received a report stating, “unsafe cracks in fireplace ... received from [the] Hurricane.” (Top Hat Chimney Sweeps Safety Inspection Report, Exhibit “E”).
State Farm concluded its investigation of the Eaker’s flood claim and determined that damages to the interior of the home amounted to $550.00. (Exhibit “F”). Because the damage was less than the $750 deductible, the Eakers were informed by State Farm that no payment would be made under the flood policy. (See correspondence dated March 30, 1999, Exhibit “G”).
On April 22, 1999, legal counsel for the Eakers, Robert P. Myers, Jr., wrote Mr. Steve White advising State Farm that he had been retained by the Eakers to assist them in resolving their dispute for claimed damages resulting from Hurricane Georges. (Myers’ correspondence of April 22, 1999, Exhibit “H”). Mr. Myers forwarded to State Farm a report dated April 13, 1999, from Carl D. Germany, an architect who had been retained by the Eakers to inspect their home. (Exhibit “I”). Germany related settlement and foundation problems to flood water from Hurricane Georges and estimated the cost of leveling the home at approximately $89,750.00. (Germany correspondence of April 13, 1999, Exhibit “I”).
In response, Steve White contacted Rob Myers, Jr., and advised him that someone from State Farm would again inspect the property in light of Carl Germany’s recommendation for leveling the property. Shortly thereafter, Mr. White left the Mississippi Gulf Coast and the claim was assigned to Jamye Woody. (Affidavit of Steve White, Exhibit “D”).
As a result, on July 12, 1999, Jamye Woody of State Farm arranged for Van-derbrook Engineering to inspect the dwelling and determine what damages, if any, were flood related. (Affidavit of Jamye Woody, Exhibit “J”). The investigation and inspection were conducted on July 19, 1999. Vanderbrook Engineering issued a report indicating that settlement was not related to the flood waters of Hurricane Georges but instead, due to long term settlement of the home. (Vanderbrook Report, Exhibit “L”).
On August 12, 1999, Jamye Woody forwarded a letter to the Eakers’ attorney, Robert P. Myers, Jr., informing him that, upon inspection and investigation, the damage to the home was caused by gfound settlement, and not covered under the flood policy. (Exhibits “O” and “B”). Following August 12, 1999, Jamye Woody was no longer the claim representative working on the Eakers’ flood claim. The claim was subsequently handled by Jack Collins (“Collins”).
On September 30, 1999, the Plaintiffs’ attorney, Robert Myers, Jr., wrote to Collins of State Farm, inquiring whether State Farm would provide coverage under the homeowner’s policy for the settlement to the Eakers’ home. (Exhibit “N”).
On October 8, 1999, Collins wrote Plaintiffs’ attorney denying coverage under the homeowner’s policy number 24-99-3976-0. (Exhibit “P”). Collins also sent correspondence to David Eaker on October 12, 1999, explaining State Farm’s denial of the claim. (Exhibit “Q”).
The Plaintiffs filed suit on January 6, 2000, in the United States District Court alleging that State Farm had breached contractual provisions under both the homeowner’s and flood policies.
Finally, it is undisputed that the Eakers never filed a “Proof of Loss” with State Farm under the flood policy. (See Exhibits “D”, “J” and “M”).
II. Conclusions of law
Summary judgment is appropriate where the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories and admissions on file, together with any affidavits, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(c). When a proper motion for summary judgment is made, the non-moving party must set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(e). Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 250, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986): See also Eber v. Harris County Hosp. Dist., 130 F.Supp.2d 847 (S.D.Tex.2001). This Court has jurisdiction of this matter pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and pendent jurisdiction of state law claims.
A. The Flood Insurance Policy
State Farm moves the court to dismiss the Plaintiffs’ claim under the Flood Insurance Policy, Number 24-RA-6098-3, as State Farm is merely appearing for the purpose of this portion of the motion in its “fiduciary” capacity as the “fiscal agent of the United States” and at the expense of the U.S. Treasury. Language to this effect is found on the first line of the Standard Flood Insurance Policy (herein SFIP), “Issued Pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, or Any Acts Amendatory Thereof (Hereinafter Called the Act), and Applicable Federal Regulations in Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Subchapter B” (Exhibit “B”). State Farm also makes this declaration in the introductory language of its policy,
“[w]e insure you .... based upon ... [a]ll the terms of this policy, the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended, and Title 44 of the Code of Federal Regulations.”
(Exhibit “B”, Insuring Agreement, p. 1).
The Plaintiffs submit that although State Farm Fire and Casualty Company did sell and service an insurance flood policy owned by the Plaintiffs, it does not enjoy immunities and other defenses afforded to the United States government which underwrites the flood insurance policy; specifically, as the Plaintiffs have move to amend to add state law claims of negligent misrepresentation on the part of State Farm and they submit that State. Farm does not enjoy such immunities and defenses as might be afforded the United States. The Court has addressed such assertions by the Plaintiffs as set forth further herein and finds them to be without a basis for recovery in the case sub judice.
Congress passed the National Flood Insurance Act in 1968 to provide previously unavailable flood insurance protection to property owners in flood-prone areas at rates that are at or below actuarial levels. 42 U.S.C. § 4001 et seq.; 44 C.F.R. § 59.2. Flood insurance policies are issued directly by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (“FEMA”) or through private insurers known as Write-Your-Own Companies (“WYO”), acting as “fiscal agents” of the federal government. 44 C.F.R. 61.13(f), 62.23(a), (g). See, e.g., Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951, 952 (5th Cir.1998). “Although FEMA uses the services of a private corporation as a fiscal servicing agent, the Federal Insurance Administration (‘FIA’), acting under the authority of FEMA, is ultimately responsible for handling all National Flood Insurance Policies.” Howard v. FEMA 960 F.Supp. 1095 (S.D.Miss.1996).
The National Flood Insurance Act established a pool of private insurance companies which undertook the administrative implementation of the program, the objective of which was, and to this day is, to provide affordable flood insurance. In return, the private insurance companies receive a percentage of the premiums paid and are exposed to a minimum risk of loss because the Federal Government, as guarantor, pays all allowable claims. See Eddins v. Omega Insurance Co., 825 F.Supp. 752, 753 (N.D.Miss.1993).
National Flood Insurance Policy (“NFIP”) premiums are deposited in the National Flood Insurance Fund in the Treasury, after deducting fees and costs. 42 U.S.C. § 4071(d). Flood insurance claims are paid from United States Treasury funds through letters of credit, and money paid on claims by WYO insurers is reimbursed by FEMA from the Treasury. 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62, App. A, Art. IV. See Van Holt v. Liberty Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 163 F.3d 161, 165 (3rd Cir.1998), (“regardless of whether FEMA or a WYO company issues a flood insurance policy, United States Treasury funds pay the insureds’ claims”).
A suit against a private insurer providing insurance coverage under the SFIP is a suit against the United States Federal Government. (See history of private insurers involvement in NFIP under Part A and Part B of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 4071-72, described in In re Estate of Lee, 812 F.2d 253, 255 (5th Cir.1987)). Moreover, the terms and conditions of all federal flood insurance policies have been fixed in the form of the Standard Flood Insurance Policy, and no provision may be altered, varied or waived other than with the express consent of the government. 44 C.F.R. § 61.4, 61.13, and Pt. 61 Appendix A(l) (SFIP Dwelling Form). In addition, Article 9, Paragraph D of the SFIP, p. 12, specifically provides: “[t]his Policy cannot be amended nor can any of its provisions be waived without the express written consent of the Federal Insurance Administrator.”
Thus, State Farm is afforded all defenses of the Federal Government. Moreover, State Farm is powerless to alter the terms of the flood policies issued on behalf of the United States Government. It is the Federal Government, through the SFIP, which sets forth each of the terms and conditions of the insurance contract, including the “Requirements In Case of Loss” and “Conditions For Filing a Lawsuit.” State Farm seeks dismissal of the Plaintiffs’ flood claims in its motion for summary judgment based upon these two provisions.
1. The Strict Terms of The SFIP; “Proof of Loss” under the Policy
It is well established under federal law that an insured must strictly comply with the terms and conditions of an insurance policy issued pursuant to a congressionally mandated program. Federal Crop Ins. Corp. v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380, 384-85, 68 S.Ct. 1, 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947). The doctrine of strict compliance is a cornerstone to interpretation of the SFIP. See, e.g., Wagner v. FEMA, 847 F.2d 515 (9th Cir.1988); Flick v. Liberty Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 205 F.3d 386, (9th Cir.2000); Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951 (5th Cir.1998), (requiring strict compliance with SFIP proof of loss requirement). In fact “[ujnder FEMA regulations, strict adherence is required to all terms of [the] SFIP. 44 C.F.R. § 61.13(a), (d), (e).” Forman v. FEMA 138 F.3d 543 (5th Cir.1998). See also Howard v. FEMA 960 F.Supp. 1095 (S.D.Miss.1996).
The Plaintiffs submit that State Farm should be estopped from asserting as a defense to the Plaintiffs’ claim the 60 day proof of loss requirement and submit that a genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether State Farm negligently misrepresented to the Plaintiffs that it was not necessary for the Plaintiffs to take any other action in regard to their flood loss claim other than notifying State Farm of their loss.
In Howard v. FEMA supra, the court emphasized the rigid policy requirements in reference to the proof of loss provisions. During the coverage period, the Plaintiffs home was flooded due to rising creek waters. The Plaintiff, through her insurance agent, filed a Notice of Loss informing the NFIP that she sustained a flood loss. An investigation of the home was conducted by an adjuster who apparently informed the Plaintiff that she needed to get some estimates concerning the damage to her home.
Although FEMA notified the Plaintiff on two separate occasions concerning the SFIP requirement of a proof of loss, the Plaintiff never submitted one. The Plaintiff argued that FEMA should be stopped from requiring compliance with the terms of the SFIP policy. The Court refused to adopt the estoppel argument, adopting the approach of the Ninth Circuit set forth in Wagner v. FEMA 847 F.2d 515 (9th Cir.1988). See Howard, 960 F.Supp. at 1102.
The Wagner decision involved Plaintiffs who had filed an untimely proof of loss. The Plaintiffs asserted that FEMA should be stopped from asserting as a defense the Plaintiffs failure to file a timely proof of loss because FEMA did not initially assert this requirement as the reason for the denial of the Plaintiffs claims. While the District Court agreed, concluding estoppel was appropriate in such a circumstance, the Ninth Circuit disagreed, citing the test for estoppel as:
A party seeking to raise estoppel against the government must establish “affirmative misconduct going beyond mere negligence”; even then, “estoppel will only apply where the government’s wrongful act will cause a serious injustice, and the public’s interest will not suffer undue damage by imposition of the liability.” ... “A mere failure to inform or assist does not justify application of equitable estoppel.”
Wagner, 847 F.2d at 519 (emphasis added).
In Forman v. Federal Emergency Management Agency, 138 F.3d 543 (5th Cir.1998), the Court rejected the same estop-pel argument that is being presented by the Plaintiffs in this case. In Forman, the Court noted that payments awarded under the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)—issued flood insurance policies are a “direct charge on the public treasury,” for purposes of the Appropriations Clause’s prohibition against enforcing an assertion of estoppel against the Government by a claimant seeking money from Public Treasury contrary to a statutory appropriation. U.S.C.A. Const. Art. 1 § 9, cl. 7; National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 § 1306, as amended, 42 U.S.C.A. § 4013; 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61 App. A(l), Art. IX, ¶ J(3). As noted in Forman in pertinent part:
[2] Appellants contend in the alternative that FEMA should be stopped from asserting as a defense their failure to meet the Proof of Loss filing requirement. We disagree. Appellants’ claim ignores the Supreme Court’s recent holding, made under the Appropriations Clause of the Constitution, Art. I § 9, cl. 7, that the judiciary is powerless to uphold “an assertion of estoppel against the Government by a claimant seeking [money from the Public Treasury contrary to a statutory appropriation].” OPM v. Richmond, 496 U.S. 414, 434, 424, 110 S.Ct. 2465, 2476, 2471, 110 L.Ed.2d 387 (1990). The Court recognized that “ ‘not even the temptations of a hard case’ will provide a basis for ordering recovery contrary to the terms of [a] regulation, for to do so would disregard ‘the duty of all courts to observe the conditions defined by Congress for charging the public treasury.’ ” Richmond, 496 U.S. at 420, 110 S.Ct at 2469 (quoting Federal Crop Ins. Corporation v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380, 385-86, 68 S.Ct. 1, 3-4, 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947)) (emphasis added).
[3] Payments awarded under FEMA-issued flood insurance policies are indeed “a direct charge on the public treasury.” In re Estate of Lee, 812 F.2d 253, 256 (5th Cir.1987). FEMA, acting well within its statutory rule-making authority, 42 U.S.C. § 4013, has established that a claimant must file a Proof of Loss containing certain specified information before his claim may be considered. 44 C.F.R. Pt. 61 App. A(l), Art. IX, ¶ J(3). As established above, appellants failed to satisfy this regulatory requirement in this case. In such circumstances, there can be no estoppel of the Proof of Loss requirement, for we cannot estop “the conditions defined by Congress for charging the public treasury.” Richmond, 496 U.S. at 420, 110 S.Ct at 2469 (quoting Merrill, 332 U.S. at 385-86, 68 S.Ct. at 3-4). Appellants, therefore, have not raised any genuine issues of material fact foreclosing judgment as a matter of law in FEMA’s favor. The judgment of the district court is affirmed accordingly.
Id. at 545-46.
Furthermore, in Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951 (5th Cir.1998), the Court again explicitly refused to apply the Doctrine of Estoppel against Aetna who was asserting the same “Proof of Loss” arguments that are being advanced by State Farm in this case. The Gowlands contended that the doctrines of Estoppel and Equitable Es-toppel barred Aetna from asserting the Proof of Loss Requirement as a defense since Aetna was aware that their camp had been damaged by the flood and took steps which lead them to believe that their claim was being routinely processed. The Gow-lands notified Aetna the day after the flood and adjusters were sent to inspect the property. Aetna and the Gowlands continually negotiated the insurance claim. However, the Gowlands never provided a complete, Proof of Loss statement.
In refusing to apply estoppel against Aetna, the Fifth Circuit held as follows:
Although the Gowlands’ policy was written by Aetna, a private insurance company, payments made pursuant to that policy are “a direct charge on the public treasury.” [] When Federal funds are involved, the judiciary is powerless to uphold a claim of estoppel because such a holding would encroach upon the appropriation power granted exclusively to Congress by the Constitution. “Any exercise of a power granted by the Constitution to one of the other branches of Government is limited by a valid reservation of congressional control over funds in the Treasury.” [] To date, the Supreme Court has not upheld an estoppel claim resulting in the payment of money out of the treasury.
We find that the theories of substantial compliance, waiver, and equitable estoppel are inapplicable to the facts presented herein. While this result may seem harsh in light of the Gowlands’ ongoing negotiations with Aetna, we must remind that the National Flood Insurance Program is federally subsidized and enables consumers to obtain flood insurance which virtually would be impossible to purchase in the marketplace. Requiring the Gowlands to turn square corners when dealing with the Treasury “does not reflect a callous outlook. It merely expresses the duty of all courts to observe the conditions defined by Congress for charging the public treasury.” []
Id. at 955 (footnotes included).
In Schweiker v. Hansen, 450 U.S. 785, 101 S.Ct. 1468, 67 L.Edüd 685 (1981) (per curiam), the United States Supreme Court ruled that oral misinformation provided by a government employee does not provide a basis for estoppel against the Government.
The Plaintiffs submit that Reeves v. Guiffrida, 756 F.2d 1141 (5th Cir.1985), supports the Plaintiffs’ estoppel argument. In Reeves, the Fifth Circuit reversed a district court’s granting of the defendant FEMA’s Motion to Dismiss based upon the insured’s failure to comply with the 60 day sworn proof of loss requirement of the flood policy. In reversing and remanding for a trial upon the merits, the court stated that one who attempts to invoke the doctrine of estoppel against the government for acts of its agents bears a heavy burden of proof. Reeves, 756 F.2d at 1143.
Even though the 5th Circuit has refused to apply estoppel to a WYO arising out of claims handling under the SFIP, Gotvland, supra, discussed a four-prong estoppel analysis as it relates to “affirmative misconduct” of government employees, as discussed further herein. As noted in Gotvland, supra,
The elements of estoppel are that (1) the party to be estopped was aware of the facts; (2) the party to be stopped intended its act or omission to be acted upon; (3) the party asserting estoppel did not have knowledge of the facts; and (4) the party asserting estoppel reasonably relied on the conduct of the party to be stopped to his substantial injury.
143 F.3d at 954.
The Plaintiffs never specifically alleged “affirmative misconduct” in their Complaint filed against State Farm; however, since the issue was raised by the Plaintiffs in their Response, the Court will analyze as follows that any claim by the Plaintiffs asserting “affirmative misconduct” by State Farm, cannot support an application of the estoppel doctrine:
(1) the party to be stopped was aware of the facts;
(2) the party to be stopped intended its act or omission to be acted upon;
According to the Affidavit of Steve White, State Farm was not aware of any flood loss claim being presented until March 1999. (Defendant’s Exhibit “D”) Mr. White met with the Eakers and inspected the premises for claimed flood damages to the home on March 18, 1999. When Mr. White inquired from Mr. Eaker “why it had taken him so long to file this claim under the flood policy,” Mr. Eaker told Steve White that while he had notified State Farm, he “waited to file this claim under the flood policy because he was not concerned with the settlement problem until recently when he contacted State Farm.” (Defendant’s Exhibit “D”). Furthermore, in Fred Vanderbrook’s Engineering Report, dated August 5, 1999 (Defendant’s Exhibit “L”), Vanderbrook noted that “Mr. Eaker indicated that due to personal problems experienced during the time of the hurricane, he did not file a claim for these damages until sometime in 1999.”
As stated in David Eaker’s affidavit (Exhibit “2”, ¶ 8), “State Farm representatives disavowed any knowledge of the Eakers’ flood loss claim”. Considering this statement in the light most favorable to the Plaintiffs, since State Farm was unaware of the Eakers’ desire to present a flood loss claim until after the 60 day Proof of Loss requirement had expired, State Farm could not have intended their alleged act or omission to be acted upon. Gowland, 143 F.3d 951 (5th Cir.1998). Moreover, the Plaintiffs have offered no evidence that State Farm intended that the Plaintiffs not comply with the sixty (60) day deadline for filing a Proof of Loss.
(S) the party asserting estoppel did not have knoivledge of the facts
The Plaintiffs cannot prove this element to support a finding of affirmative misconduct resulting in the application of the estoppel doctrine. The Eakers are charged with knowledge of the Proof of Loss requirement contained in the SFIP issued by State Farm; such is a material fact.
The Eakers’ actions in this case, appear to indicate that they were unaware of the need for the Proof of Loss under the SFIP (until State Farm filed its Motion for Summary Judgment on the issue). However, the Eakers are charged with knowledge of the Proof of Loss requirement. It is stated in the first paragraph of the SFIP— “[r]ead the policy carefully. The coverage provided is subject to limitations, restrictions and exclusions.” A reading of the policy would have allowed one to discovered the need for the sworn Proof of Loss to be filed within 60 days. “Just as everyone is charged with knowledge of the United States Statutes at Large, Congress has provided that the appearance of rules and regulations in the Federal Register gives legal notice of their contents.” Federal Crop Ins. Corp. v. Merrill, 832 U.S. 380, 384, 68 S.Ct. 1, 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947). Accordingly, the SFIP provisions are binding on all who seek to come within the purview of the SFIP, regardless of the actual knowledge of what is in the policy or of the hardship resulting from innocent ignorance. Id. “[Requiring] Men to turn square corners when they deal with the Government” is not a “callous outlook.” Id. “It merely expresses the duty of all courts to observe the conditions defined by Congress for charging the public treasury.” Id.
As the Eakers are charged with knowledge of the SFIP according to Merrill, estoppel is inapplicable. See Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951 (5th Cir.1998).
(Jf) the party asserting estoppel reasonably relied on the conduct of the party to be estopped to his substantial injury.
This Court does not find that the Plaintiffs could have reasonably relied on the conduct of State Farm to their substantial injury as the Plaintiffs’ claims, including those which are newly asserted alleging “affirmative misconduct”, ignore the text of the Proof of Loss section contained in State Farm’s flood policy. If the Plaintiffs had simply read their policy, they would have discovered that the policy language further negates their estoppel argument being advanced. In the provision styled “Requirements in Case of Loss”, the following language is found:
The insurance adjuster whom we hire to investigate your claim may furnish you with a Proof of Loss form, and she or he may help you to complete it. However, this is a matter of courtesy only, and you must still send us a Proof of Loss within 60 days after the loss even if the adjuster does not furnish the form or help you complete it.
The adjuster is not authorized to approve or disapprove claims or tell you whether your claim will be approved by us.
(Exhibit “B”, State Farm Policy, p. 14, ¶ 16) (emphasis added).
State Farm submits that the Plaintiffs are attempting to argue that State Farm is liable for “affirmative misconduct” by their relying on State Farm for not providing a “courtesy.” Such reliance was not based upon a legal duty owed to the Eakers, but only upon, based upon the applicable case law, a “courtesy”. Therefore, the Plaintiffs did not “reasonably” rely on the conduct of State Farm to their substantial injury. Gowland, 143 F.3d 951 (5th Cir. 1998) (failure to satisfy standard for estop-pel criteria number 4, supra).
The failure of the Plaintiff to establish a genuine issue of the material facts regarding any “affirmative misconduct” precludes the application of the doctrine of estoppel to State Farm in this instance. In the matter sub judice, it is uncontradicted that the Eakers never filed a proof of loss as specifically required under the SFIP. It is immaterial that State Farm received notice of the flood claim and actually conducted an investigation to determine the extent of damage to the Eaker’s home allegedly resulting from Hurricane Georges. The SFIP unequivocally requires that the insured submit a proof of loss within 60 days after the loss, “which is the [insured’s] statement as to the amount [the insured] is claiming under the policy signed and sworn to by [the insured] ...” (SFIP, Art. 9, ¶ J, p. 14). The Plaintiffs failed in their obligation to file a proof of loss and as such, all claims presented under the flood policy are barred.
2. Conditions for Filing a Lawsuit
The Plaintiffs’ failure to comply with the strict requirements of the SFIP mandates dismissal of all counts relating thereto as set forth above. See Forman v. FEMA 138 F.3d 543 (5th Cir.1998) (SFIP must be strictly construed and enforced); Howard v. FEMA 960 F.Supp. 1095 (S.D.Miss.1996); see also Wagner v. FEMA, 847 F.2d 515 (9th Cir.1988) (judgment reversed in favor of insurer); Nabhan v. FEMA, 1 F.Supp.2d 91, 96 (D.Mass.1998); Exim Mortgage Banking Corp. v. Witt, 16 F.Supp.2d 174 (D.Conn.1998); Diamond v. FEMA 689 F.Supp. 163 (E.D.N.Y.1988); Holeman v. FEMA 699 F.Supp. 98 (N.D.Tex.1988).
Furthermore, numerous courts, most notably Wagner, discussed supra, specifically hold that the proof of loss requirement of the SFIP is a condition precedent to filing a lawsuit. By way of implication, the Howard, Forman, and Gowland courts undeniably support such a proposition. See generally Wagner v. FEMA 847 F.2d 515, 518 (9th Cir.1988) (SFIP’s procedural requirements constitute condition precedent to a waiver by the federal government of its sovereign immunity); Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951, 953 (5th Cir.1998) (insured’s failure to provide complete, sworn proof of loss relieves insurer of obligation to pay what might otherwise be a valid claim); Phelps v. FEMA, 785 F.2d 13, 15 (1st Cir.1986) (reliance on assurances by NFIP representative that plaintiff was not required to do anything further was unreasonable); Flick v. Liberty Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 205 F.3d 386 (9th Cir.2000) (court lacks power to award money remedy to flood claimant who fails to comply with 60-day proof of loss requirement).
Plaintiffs have not complied with their duties under the flood policy and are thereby barred from suing to recover on the policy. The SFIP language clearly mandates compliance with the policy as a condition to bringing any lawsuit: “[y]ou may not sue us to recovery money under this policy unless you have complied with all the requirements of the policy.” (SFIP, Art. 9, ¶ R, p. 16). See also Flick v. Liberty Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 205 F.3d 386 (9th Cir.2000); Ambassador Beach Condominium Association, Inc. v. Omaha Property and Casualty Insurance Company, 152 F.Supp.2d 1315 (N.D.Fla.2001). Furthermore, the Plaintiffs never received an express written waiver of the 60 day “Proof of Loss” provision in their policy from the Federal Insurance Administrator. 44 C.F.R. §§ 61.4, 61.13, and Pt. 61 Appendix A(l) (SFIP Dwelling Form), and Article 9, ¶ D of the SFIP, p. 12 (Exhibit “B”).
The Plaintiffs’ failure to submit a proof of loss of their claim means that they have not complied with the policy requirements and, for that reason, they have not met the condition required for bringing an action to recover under the policy. Because Plaintiffs have not met this condition precedent, they may not maintain this action, and all causes of action under the flood policy should be dismissed.
B. Federal Preemption of State Law Claims and Plaintiffs’ Motion to Amend
The Plaintiffs submit that even if their claims are time barred for failure to timely file a proof of loss claim, which they do not concede, at a minimum their claims against State Farm relating to misleading statements or misrepresentations should not be barred. The Plaintiffs submit that in Davis v. Travelers Property and Casualty Co., 96 F.Supp.2d 995, 999 (N.D.Cal.2000), quoting Spence v. Omaha Indemnity Insurance Co., 996 F.2d 793 (5th Cir.1993), the Court held that state law claims against fiscal servicing agents are not preempted by federal law and further that fiscal servicing agents do not enjoy the immunity of the United States Government in all circumstances relating to flood loss claims. Davis, 96 F.Supp.2d at 1003. These claims of the Plaintiffs are the subject of the Plaintiffs’ Motion to Amend. The Defendant submits that all state law claims against State Farm for extra contractual and punitive damages under the flood policy are preempted and prohibited by the National Flood Insurance Act.
In this jurisdiction, the courts have held that punitive damages were not recoverable against a flood insurer, who had issued a policy under the National Flood Insurance Program, for its allegedly arbitrary failure to pay a claim. See Eddins v. Omega Insurance Company, 825 F.Supp. 752 (N.D.Miss.1993).
In Eddins, supra, the Court (Senter, J.) held that “Federal Law” controls cases brought under the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968. In doing so, the Court noted:
Since the Flood Insurance Program is a child of Congress, conceived to achieve the policies which are national in scope, and since the federal government participates extensively in the program both in a supervisory capacity and financially, it is clear that the interest in uniformity of decision present in this case mandates the application of federal law. Thus, a prevailing plaintiff in a suit on a flood insurance policy issued pursuant to the National Flood Insurance Act is not entitled to recover the statutory penalty and attorney’s fees allowed by state insurance law for arbitrary denial of coverage.
Id. at 753.
The Court further held that “a private insurer does not have a pecuniary incentive to deny a claim under a policy issued through the National Flood Insurance Act,” noting “any claim would be paid by the Federal Government” pursuant to Fenton v. Federal Insurance Administrator, 633 F.2d. 1119 (5th Cir.1981). The Court further held that “allowing punitive damages to be recoverable under the National Flood Insurance Act would simply defeat the philosophy behind the program.” Id. at 753.
The Defendant distinguishes Davis v. Travelers Property and Casualty Co., 96 F.Supp.2d 995, 999 (N.D.Cal.2000), and notes that Spence v. Omaha Indemnity Insurance Co., 996 F.2d 793 (5th Cir.1993) dealt with policy procurement and not claims handling. In Davis, the court dismissed the plaintiffs SFIP claims and acted in absolute disregard for Federal law. Specifically, the Court dismissed the plaintiffs SFIP claims against the WYO pursuant to Flick v. Liberty Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 205 F.3d 386 (9th Cir.2000), but held in abeyance the Plaintiffs state law claims, seeking insight from FEMA as to whether the NFIP immunizes WYO insurers for misleading conduct in the processing of a SFIP claim. FEMA responded supporting Traveler’s position that “such extra-policy state-law claims are preempted and are barred by the Appropriations Clause.” Id. at 998. However, the court did not defer to the authority and advice of FEMA and failed to acknowledge the full weight of Flick, supra. See also, Cohen v. State Farm Fire and Casualty, 68 F.Supp.2d 1151 (C.D.Cal.1999).
As the United States Supreme Court stated in Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984), in pertinent part:
[w]hen a court reviews an agency’s construction of the statute which it administers, it is confronted with two questions. First, always, is the question whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue. If the intent of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for the court, as well as the agency, must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress. If, however, the court determines Congress has not directly addressed the precise question at issue, the court does not simply impose its own construction on the statute, as would be necessary in the absence of an administrative interpretation. Rather, if the statute is silent or ambiguous with respect to the specific issue, the question for the court is whether the agency’s answer is based on a permissible construction of the statute.
If Congress has explicitly left a gap for the agency to fill, there is an express delegation of authority to the agency to elucidate a specific provision of the statute by regulation. Such legislative regulations are given controlling weight unless they are arbitrary, capricious, or manifestly contrary to the statute. Sometimes the legislative delegation to an agency on a particular question is implicit rather than explicit. In such a case, a court may not substitute its own construction of a statutory provision for a reasonable interpretation made by the administrator of an agency-
Id at 842-44, 104 S.Ct. 2778. See also I.N.S. v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 121 S.Ct. 2271, 2290, 150 L.Ed.2d 347 (June 25, 2001); U.S. v. Mead Corp., 533 U.S. 218, 121 S.Ct. 2164, 150 L.Ed.2d 292 (June 18, 2001).
More recently, in Scherz v. South Carolina Insurance Company, 112 F.Supp.2d 1000 (C.D.Cal.2000), the Davis court is criticized for its failure to defer to FEMA and for not recognizing Flick as controlling authority. The Scherz court ruled that the provisions of the SFIP are to be strictly construed and enforced and that conflict preemption precluded an insured’s state law claim against a WYO insurer. Citing Geier v. American Honda Motor Co., 529 U.S. 861, 120 S.Ct. 1913, 146 L.Ed.2d 914 (2000).
In Jamal v. Travelers Lloyds of Texas Insurance Company, 97 F.Supp.2d. 800 (S.D.Tex.2000), an insured homeowner sued the WYO insurer alleging breach of contract, bad faith, and violations of the Texas Insurance Code. The Plaintiff sought to remand the case to state court arguing that “NFIA does not preempt state law claims and any interpretation of the NFIA is, at best, tangential to the outcome of the case.” Id. at 802.
The Court rejected this argument, concluding:
pursuant to statute, federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over disputes arising under SFIPs [standard flood insurance policies], and, thus, jurisdiction is lacking in state court.... Hence, remand is not warranted.
Id. at p. 806.
Moreover, in McCormick v. Travelers Insurance Company, 86 Cal.App.4th 404, 103 Cal.Rptr.2d 258 (January 22, 2001), the California Court of Appeals, noting the case to be one of first impression, affirmed a lower court’s dismissal of a lawsuit against Travelers, stating:
we conclude that the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over all of the claims asserted in the McCormicks’ first amended complaint. This exclusive jurisdiction encompasses all claims regardless of whether they plead contract, tort, or state statutory remedies and damages, and regardless of whether the named defendant is the FEMA or a WYO insurer.
Id. at 269.
As such, all state law claims that have been asserted by the Plaintiffs in their notice pleading or motion to amend, seeking damages for extra contractual and punitive damages, are judicially preempted and prohibited by federal law pursuant to the provisions of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, 42 U.S.C. §§ 4001 et. seq., the SFIP policy issued by State Farm, as well as all applicable federal regulations.
C. The Homeowner’s Policy
Additionally, State Farm submits that it is entitled to Summary Judgment on ■ all flood claims made under State Farm Homeowner’s Policy, Number 24-99-3976-0. (Exhibit “A”). The Defendant submits that the Policy provides for certain coverages related to the Plaintiffs’ home, but specifically excludes the coverage which the Plaintiffs are seeking.
1. Interpretation of Insurance Contracts in Mississippi: Plain Meaning Governs When Unambiguous and Clear
The Defendant submits that “[ujnder Mississippi contract law, if an insurance policy is unambiguous, its terms must be given their plain meaning and enforced as written.” Bankers Multiple Line Insurance Co. v. Pierce, 20 F.Supp2d 1004, 1006 (S.D.Miss.1998); (citing American States Ins. Co. v. Nethery, 79 F.3d 473, 475 (5th Cir.1996)). See also American Guarantee and Liability Insurance Co. v. 1906 Co., 129 F.3d 802, 805 (5th Cir.1997). The only time an insurance contract is not given its plain meaning occurs when the policy is ambiguous, at which time the policy will be interpreted in the light most favorable to the insured. Id. (citing Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. Garriga, 636 So.2d 658, 662 (Miss.1994)). See also Lewis v. Allstate Insurance Co., 730 So.2d 65, 68 (Miss.1998) (citing Paul Revere Life Ins. Co. v. Prince, 375 So.2d 417, 418 (Miss.1979)) (under Mississippi law, when the words of an insurance policy are plain and unambiguous, the court will afford them their plain, ordinary meaning and will apply them as written). See also Sennett v. United States Fidelity and Guaranty Co., 757 So.2d 206, 212 (Miss.2000) (quoting Hare v. State, 733 So.2d 277, 281 (Miss.1999)) (insurance policies which are clear and unambiguous are to be enforced according to their terms as written and the plain terms of the insurance contract should be binding and controlling).
2. The Applicable Homeowner’s Policy Exclusions
In the matter sub judice, there is no issue as to any material fact that the Plaintiffs’ claim for coverage under their Homeowner’s Policy is excluded. The policy language clearly and unequivocally excludes coverage for the settlement of the foundation, the claim which the Plaintiffs are asserting. Three specific policy provisions set forth exclusions applicable to the Plaintiffs’ claim for coverage.
a. The “Earth Movement” Exclusion
The Plaintiffs’ Homeowner’s Policy specifically excludes coverage for damage caused by “earth movement”. This exclusion states:
Earth Movement, meaning the sinking, rising, shifting, expanding or contracting of earth, all whether combined with water or not. Earth movement includes but is not limited to earthquake, landslide, mudflow, sinkhole, subsidence, and erosion. Earth movement also includes volcanic explosion or lava flow, except as specifically provided in (SECTION I-ADDITIONAL COVERAGES, Volcanic Action).
(Exhibit “A”, Section I-Losses Not Insured, Art 2.(b), p. 10). This policy exclusion clearly provides that the coverage claimed by the Plaintiffs is not provided by the Homeowner’s Policy they purchased from State Farm.
b. The “Water Damage” Exclusion
The Plaintiffs’ Homeowner’s Policy also specifically excludes coverage for water damage and explains the meaning of “water damage” in the policy. This exclusion clearly states:
Water Damage, meaning:
(1) flood, surface water, waves, tidal water, overflow of a body of water, or spray from any of these, all whether driven by wind or not;
(2) water from outside the plumbing system that enters through sewers or drains, or water which enters into and overflows from within a sump pump, sump pump well or any other system designed to remove subsurface water which is drained from the foundation area; or
(3) natural water below the surface of the ground, including water which exerts pressure on, or seeps or leaks through a building, sidewalk, driveway, foundation, swimming pool or other structure.
(Exhibit “A”, Section I-Losses Not Insured, Art 2.(c), p. 10) (emphasis added). Once again, the language in the policy clearly excludes the damages claimed by the Plaintiffs.
c. The “Settling/Cracking” Exclusion
Finally, the Plaintiffs’ Homeowner’s Policy specifically excludes damages resulting from settling and cracking in specific circumstances. The policy language sets forth:
We do not insure for any loss to the property described in Coverage A [Dwelling] which consists of, or is directly and immediately caused by, one or more of the perils listed in items a. through m. below, regardless of whether the loss occurs suddenly or gradually, involves isolated or widespread damage, arises from natural or external forces, or occurs as a result of any combination of these:
1. settling, cracking, shrinking, bulging, or expansion of pavements, patios, foundation, walls, floors, roofs or ceilings.
(Exhibit “A”, Section I-Losses Not Insured, Art 1., p. 9, 10). This policy language is clear and unambiguous, and undeniably sets forth that State Farm does not insure for loss “directly and immediately caused by” settling of foundation “whether the loss occurs suddenly or gradually.”
3. The Rhoden Decision
In Rhoden v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Company, 32 F.Supp.2d 907 (S.D.Miss.1998), aff'd 200 F.3d 815 (5th Cir.1999), the insureds brought a breach of contract suit against State Farm for the insurer’s refusal to cover damage caused by earth movement beneath their home. The insureds made a claim under their Homeowner’s Policy after they began to notice cracks in their driveway, bathroom tile, and separation between the new addition to their home and the main house, and a sticking door. The insureds explained that after four years, cracks began to appear throughout the residence and movement had occurred.
State Farm denied the insureds’ claim based upon its investigation, various reports the insureds had submitted, and several exclusions in the policy. The insureds filed suit alleging breach of contract and extra-contractual damages. State Farm filed a motion for summary judgement asserting exclusions under the policy, namely the “earth movement” and “settling/cracking” exclusions. The insureds filed a motion for partial summary judgment arguing for coverage and asserting the doctrine of efficient proximate causation and “ejusdem generis”.
The insureds asserted that under the doctrine of “efficient proximate cause” the Court should find coverage despite the exclusion, arguing that many other Courts have adopted such an approach. The insureds cited as authority the case of State Farm Fire and Casualty Company v. Von Der Lieth, 54 Cal.3d 1123, 1131, 2 Cal. Rptr.2d 183, 189, 820 P.2d 285, 291 (Cal.1991), in which the Court concluded “[w]hen a loss is caused by a combination of a covered and specifically excluded risks, the loss is covered if the covered risk was the efficient proximate cause of the loss.” See Rhoden, 32 F.Supp.2d at 911. The Court (Barbour, J.), finding that Mississippi courts have not specifically adopted the efficient proximate cause doctrine, declined to apply said doctrine in Rhoden. ,
Next, using “ejusdem generis”, the insureds asserted that “where general words follow the enumeration of particular classes of persons or things, the general words will be construed as applicable only to persons or things of the same general nature or class as those enumerated.” Rhoden, 32 F.Supp.2d at 912 (citing Cole v. McDonald, 236 Miss. 168, 186, 109 So.2d 628, 637 (Miss.1959)). The insureds further urged that “the Court ... interpret the exclusion only to include earth movement of either an earthquake, landslide, mudflow, sinkhole, subsidence or erosion, and not earth movement of any other type or manifestation.” Id. In response, the Court concluded that using this doctrine as the insureds urged would be inconsistent with the clear language of the policy’s “earth movement” exclusion. Id.
“For the same reasons that the ‘earth movement’ exclusion applies, the Court finds that the ‘settling/cracking’ exclusion applies to bar coverage for damages Plaintiffs claim as a result of the cracking of the foundation of the residence. These damages are excluded regardless of whether the loss occurs suddenly or gradually or as a result of natural or external forces.”
Id. at 913. Accordingly, just as in Rhoden, a factually similar case to that of the matter at bar, the specific policy exclusions spelled out in the Plaintiffs’ Homeowner’s Policy applies and the Plaintiffs’ claims under the policy are barred.
4. The Expert Findings Support Exclusion And Dismissal
The expert opinions rendered in this case support exclusion and dismissal of all claims under the State Farm homeowner’s policy.
Carl D. Germany, Plaintiffs’ expert, conducted an inspection of the Eaker home on April 13, 1999, almost seven months after Hurricane Georges. In Mr. Germany’s letter of April 13,1999, he states “I believe this settlement was caused from the level of water around the house resulting in saturation of the soil beneath the house foundation.” (Exhibit “I”). Such a finding is not contradictory to and can support State Farm’s assertion that it is entitled to summary judgment on all claims relating to “settlement” damage under the State Farm homeowner’s policy.
Fred Vanderbrook, one of Defendant’s experts, concluded that “the vast majority of the differential settlement of this house occurred over a long period of time”. (Exhibit “L”). Furthermore, after suit was instituted in this case, State Farm retained Rimkus Consulting Group to inspect the Eaker home. As reflected in their report of April 27, 2000, Rimkus concluded that the damage to the interior and exterior finish material of the Eaker home resulted from differential movement of the foundation. Furthermore, the differential foundation movement occurred in response to the differential movement of the soil underlying and supporting the foundation. It was further concluded that the differential soil movement was the result of long-term consolidation of the soil as a result of natural compaction of the soil due to the application of the load of the residence. (Exhibit “T”).
For the purpose of this Motion, all of the expert reports before the Court from the Plaintiffs and Defendant inevitably lead to the same conclusion; ie., that it is undisputed that the structural damage to the Eaker home resulted from settlement and shifting of the foundation, a loss specifically excluded under the State Farm homeowner’s policy. Accordingly, State Farm is entitled to summary judgment on all claims alleged to have been sustained under State Farm’s homeowner’s policy.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the is the Motion of the Defendant State Farm for Summary Judgment [Docket No. 23-1], be and is hereby GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the Motion of the Plaintiffs, David L. Eaker, Sr., and Deborah Eaker, to Amend [Docket No. 28-1], be and is hereby DENIED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that as all the claims and the rights and liabilities as to all of the parties have been adjudicated that a Final Judgment be entered in this cause.
. The exhibits referenced are those filed with the Defendant State Farm's Motion for Summary Judgment unless otherwise indicated.
. The Flood Loss Policy clearly and unambiguously excludes:
B. Losses from other casualties, including loss caused by:
1. “Theft, fire, windstorm, wind, explosion, earthquake, land sinkage, landslide, destablization or movement of land resulting from the accumulation of water in subsurface land areas, gradual erosion, or any other earth movement except such mud slides (i.e., mud flows) or erosion as is covered under the peril of flood.”
(SFIP, Art. 3, ¶ B, p. 4).
. 44 C.F.R. Pt. 62.23(f).
. Gowland v. Aetna, 143 F.3d 951, 953 (5th Cir.1998).
.Van Holt v. Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., 163 F.3d 161 (3rd Cir.1998).
. Requirements in Case of Loss: Should a flood loss occur to your insured property, you must:
1. Notify us in writing as soon as practicable;
2. As soon as reasonably possible, separate the deunaged and undamaged property, putting it in the best possible order so that we may examine it; and
3. Within 60 days after the loss, send us a proof of loss, which is your statement as to the amount you are claiming under the policy signed and sworn to by you and furnishing us with the following information:
a. The date and time of the loss;
b. A brief explanation of how the loss happened;
c. Your interest in the property damaged (for example, "owner”) and the interest, if any, of others in the damaged property;
d. The actual cash value or replacement cost, whichever is appropriate, of each damaged item of insured property and the amount of damages sustained;
e. Names of mortgagees or anyone else having a lien, charge or claim against the insured property;
f. Details as to any other contracts of insurance covering the property, whether valid or not;
g. Details of any changes in ownership, use, occupancy, location or possession of the insured property since the policy was issued;
h. Details as to who occupied any insured building at the time of loss and for what purpose; and
i. The amount you claim is due under this policy to cover the loss, including statements concerning:
(1) The limits of coverage stated in the policy; and
(2) The cost to repair or replace the damaged property (whichever costs less).
(Exhibit "B”, Art. 9, ¶ J, p. 14).
. Conditions for Filing a Lawsuit: You may not sue us to recover money under this policy unless you have complied with all the requirements of the policy. If you do sue, you must start the suit within 12 months from the date we mailed you notice that we have denied your claim, or part of you claim, and you must file the suit in the United States District Court of the district in which the insured property was located at the time of loss. (Exhibit "B”, Art. 9, ¶ R, p. 16).
. In Howard v. FEMA, 960 F.Supp. at 1102, the District Court found that FEMA was not estopped from denying coverage although FEMA had not sent a proof of loss form to the insured nor had they informed the Plaintiffs that proof of loss was required. "Even though the claims adjuster may have observed damage to [Plaintiff's] home caused by the flood, [Plaintiff] was still obligated under the provisions of the SFIP to submit a sworn statement of the amount of her loss." Id.
. In re Estate of Lee, 812 F.2d 253, 256 (5th Cir.1987).
. Office of Personnel Management v. Richmond, 496, U.S. 414, 425, 110 S.Ct. 2465, 110 L.Ed.2d 387 (1990).
. Federal Crop Ins. Corp. v. Merrill, 332 U.S. 380, 385, 68 S.Ct. 1, 3-4, 92 L.Ed. 10 (1947).
. The Affidavits of Steve White and Fred Vanderbrook serve as explanation of why State Farm was not aware of the Eakers' flood loss claim within the 60 day time frame after the hurricane.
. In Maloney v. FEMA, 1996 WL 626325 (Oct. 24, 1996), the Plaintiff alleged that the adjustors ''lulled” him into believing a Proof of Loss was unnecessary. “However, the Plaintiff failed to establish a genuine dispute of whether the government intended for Plaintiff to miss the sixty (60) day deadline for filing a Proof of Loss — no reasonable trier of fact could find that the government intended to ‘lull’ Plaintiff into neglecting to file the Proof of Loss.” Id. at 3.
. In Maloney, supra, the Plaintiffs failed to allege affirmative misconduct on the part of the government. The court stated "[a] mere failure to inform or assist does not constitute affirmative misconduct." Id. at 3. (Citing Wagner, 847 F.2d at 519; Jackson v. National Flood Insurers Association, 398 F.Supp. 1383, 1388-89 (S.D.Tex.1974)). (Emphasis added).
. See Wagner v. FEMA, 847 F.2d 515 (9th Cir.1988).
. FEMA has recently revised the SFIP and included therein a discussion of the preemptive nature of the SFIP to state law claims. See 65 Fed.Reg. 60767 (Oct. 12, 2000); (V IX titled "What Law Governs,” in which the policy clearly and unambiguously states "[t]his policy and all disputes arising from the handling of any claim under the policy are governed exclusively by the flood insurance regulations issued by FEMA, the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended (42 U.S.C. § 4001, et seq.) and Federal common law).” 65 Fed.Reg. 60777 (Oct. 12, 2000).
. This claim was actually filed after the ‘ Plaintiff's had filed suit against the contractor for having built a faulty foundation and structures upon said foundation which cause movement of the earth resulting in the damage complained. Rhoden, 32 F.Supp.2d at 908.
. The Court was not persuaded by the insureds argument that the court should adopt the approach of New Hampshire Ins. Co. v. Robertson, 352 So.2d 1307 (Miss.1977), a case in which the Mississippi Supreme Court found the policy ambiguous and decided in favor of coverage under the policy because the settling and cracking exclusion clause appeared in the context of a clause excluding loss by wear and tear deterioration and the provision excluding earth movement appeared in the context of a clause dealing with earthquakes, volcanic eruption and landslides. Neither of these provisions were applicable to the insureds’ claim for damages caused by a water leak caused by separation of a water line underneath the home.
| CASELAW |
Category:Films scored by Bernard Herrmann
This category represents the film scores of American composer Bernard Herrmann (1911–1975). | WIKI |
3 Things to Watch in the Stock Market This Week
Indexes pushed deeper into record territory last week as earnings season hit its peak. Strong third-quarter profits from the tech sector helped the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the S&P 500 (SNPINDEX: ^GSPC) add to an impressive rally that's so far produced double-digit gains for the stock market.
^SPX data by YCharts
The flood of earnings reports continues over the next few trading days. Here's a look at what to expect from a few of the most anticipated, from Under Armour (NYSE: UA) (NYSE: UAA) , Fitbit (NYSE: FIT) and Activision Blizzard (NASDAQ: ATVI) .
Under Armour's holiday outlook
The sports apparel business is becoming more of a marathon than a sprint for Under Armour. It had been one of the S&P 500's fastest-growing stocks until last year, when its growth pace started its brutal decline. Revenue ticked higher by just 9% last quarter, compared with the 20%-plus rates investors had enjoyed for years .
UA Revenue (Quarterly YoY Growth) data by YCharts
CEO Kevin Plank and his team say they're revamping the entire business in response to demand shifts. Under Armour is changing from a men's apparel and mostly U.S.-based retailer to a broader, global product portfolio that includes footwear and collections for women and kids.
Investors aren't expecting to see robust revenue growth in Tuesday's report even as profitability continues to decline. But Wall Street will be focused on Under Armour's outlook for the holiday quarter, given that its current struggles really began in the year-ago period. Another surprisingly weak fourth quarter would mean the company hasn't yet adapted to the new realities in the industry.
Fitbit's profit margin
Wearable-electronics specialist Fitbit will post its results on Wednesday afternoon. Shares are up modestly in the three months since its last quarterly report showed encouraging signs of stabilization in the business. Sure, sales contracted by a painful 38%. However, the company introduced several new products that helped pull average selling prices higher. Fitbit's 3.4 million device sales beat management's expectations, too.
The company predicted back in August that revenue in the third quarter would be about $390 million on the way to a full-year sales result of between $1.55 billion and $1.7 billion. Gross profit margin should range between 42.5% and 44%. Those top- and bottom-line figures imply a second straight year of net losses and a shrinking sales base. Whether 2018 changes that dynamic will depend mainly on Fitbit's execution around the holiday shopping season crush.
Activision Blizzard's gamer base
Activision Blizzard has a habit of under-promising and over-delivering. The video-game developer beat management's earnings forecast in each of the past five quarters, in fact, and shareholders are hoping that the streak stays alive through Thursday's report.
Results this week are likely to be heavily influenced by Activision's launch of Destiny 2 , which we know set sales and engagement records during its early September release. The company is also sure to benefit from soaring demand for digitally delivered content. Its digital sales channel is up 30% so far this year and accounts for 80% of the business today, up from 68% a year ago.
Three months ago, Activision announced a decrease in its casual gamer base that management said wasn't a big deal, given that the remaining players were more engaged and generated more earnings for the company. This week we should find out whether the developer is still finding success at monetizing the massive, but fickle, casual audience it acquired with its King Digital purchase.
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Demitrios Kalogeropoulos owns shares of Activision Blizzard, Under Armour (A Shares), and Under Armour (C Shares). The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Activision Blizzard, Fitbit, Under Armour (A Shares), and Under Armour (C Shares). The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
SoundThinking Inc (SSTI) Q1 2025 Earnings Call Highlights: Strong Revenue Growth Amid Strategic ...
Revenue: $28.3 million, a 12% increase year-over-year.
Adjusted EBITDA: $4.5 million, a 50% increase year-over-year.
Gross Profit: $16.6 million, representing 59% of revenue.
Operating Expenses: $17.8 million, or 63% of revenue.
Net Loss: $1.5 million, or $0.12 per share.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: $11.7 million at the end of Q1 2025.
Deferred Revenue: $45.4 million as of March 31, 2025.
Full-Year Revenue Guidance: $111 million to $113 million.
Adjusted EBITDA Margin Guidance: Reduced to 20% to 22% for full-year 2025.
Annual Recurring Revenue (ARR): Expected to increase to approximately $110 million by the beginning of 2026.
Warning! GuruFocus has detected 4 Warning Signs with SSTI.
Release Date: May 13, 2025
For the complete transcript of the earnings call, please refer to the full earnings call transcript.
SoundThinking Inc (NASDAQ:SSTI) reported a 12% year-over-year revenue growth in Q1 2025, reaching $28.3 million.
The company achieved a 50% increase in adjusted EBITDA, highlighting operational leverage and a profitable growth strategy.
SoundThinking Inc (NASDAQ:SSTI) secured a three-year contract renewal with the New York City Police Department, valued at $64 million.
The company expanded its international presence with a new ShotSpotter deployment in Niteroi, Brazil, marking a return to the Brazilian market.
SoundThinking Inc (NASDAQ:SSTI) is capitalizing on legislative changes in California, positioning its SafePointe solution for significant growth in the healthcare sector.
The company experienced a GAAP net loss of approximately $1.5 million for the quarter.
SoundThinking Inc (NASDAQ:SSTI) reduced its full-year adjusted EBITDA margin guidance to 20% to 22% due to tariff impacts and AI investments.
The loss of the Chicago ShotSpotter contract in 2024 resulted in a $9.7 million revenue shortfall.
Municipal funding and budget constraints pose potential headwinds for future growth.
The company's cash and cash equivalents decreased to $11.7 million from $13.2 million at the end of Q4 2024.
Q: Now that you've got a broader suite of tools, how do you manage the pipeline to ensure resources are balanced across different areas? A: Ralph Clark, CEO: Each product solution has its own pipeline metrics, and the pipeline is solid across the platform, especially strong in segments like resource router and crime tracer. We target 3 to 4x coverage based on annual contract value quotas for the sales team.
Q: Can you provide early feedback on the revamped SafePointe product, particularly in the healthcare vertical? A: Ralph Clark, CEO: We're focusing on healthcare, casino, and high-end commercial properties. In healthcare, our discrete architecture is crucial. We have proof-of-concept deployments with a top healthcare chain, with one already underway and another expected in Q2.
Q: Do you expect meaningful bookings from PlateRanger this year? A: Alan Stewart, CFO: We have a significant pipeline, expecting bookings in the $1 million-plus range, with slightly less revenue this year but a significant increase next year. We're running marketing campaigns to attract more customers.
Q: How does the legislative win in California for SafePointe impact sales cycles and deal materialization? A: Ralph Clark, CEO: The AB 2975 opportunity is more for 2026, but we're gaining traction in other areas like gaming and casinos. The mandate removes the "do nothing" competition, requiring hospitals to act, and we are well-positioned due to our unique offering.
Q: How should we think about revenue progression given the $3.5 million lumpiness in Q1? A: Alan Stewart, CFO: Without the $3.5 million, Q1 would be around $24.8 million. We expect Q2 to be lower, with growth in Q3 and significant growth in Q4 as investments, especially in SafePointe, start recognizing more revenue.
Q: Can you provide details on the international opportunities, particularly in Brazil and other regions? A: Ralph Clark, CEO: International sales cycles are longer but impactful, with pricing leverage at 3x domestic rates. We're excited about returning to Brazil, a significant market, and have discussions with other cities. We're also exploring opportunities in South Africa and Latin America.
Q: How does the annualized cost of SafePointe compare to traditional solutions? A: Ralph Clark, CEO: We charge $20,000 per year per lane, similar to ShotSpotter. Our solution offers a compelling total cost of ownership without requiring manual checkpoints, and we provide robust reporting analytics, making it attractive for compliance and risk reduction.
Q: What is driving the uptick in R&D costs, and is this related to AI tool investments? A: Alan Stewart, CFO: The increase is primarily due to personnel for AI algorithms and modeling, especially for SafePointe. Some costs, like AWS bandwidth, fall into R&D. We expect R&D expenses to stabilize but continue growing less than revenue.
For the complete transcript of the earnings call, please refer to the full earnings call transcript.
This article first appeared on GuruFocus. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
2024 Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election
The Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election were held on 8 January 2024. The Dima Hasao Autonomous Council, earlier called North Cachar Hills District Council is an Autonomous district in the Indian state of Assam.
Background
A total of 1,41,124 voters, including 70,485 men and 70,639 women will be exercising their franchise in over 280 polling stations in the autonomous region. About 100 of these poling stations is marked as sensitive and 27 of them as very sensitive. Six candidates of the BJP have won uncontested. The day of polling i.e January 8 was declared as an public holiday for Dima Hasao Council.
Schedule
Assam State Election Commission has announced the schedule to conduct the election for Dima Hasao Autonomous Council election:
Results by party
* Asom Gana Parishad, which had 1 seat before did not field any candidate. | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/You Don't Have to Worry...
The result was Delete per WP:CRYSTAL. However, no objections to recreation when the album is actually released. --Tone 12:35, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
You Don't Have to Worry...
AfDs for this article:
* – (View AfD) (View log)
Shoots self in foot with the first line - basically speculation due to the viral marketing (apart from the release of NitA) Will (talk) 19:25, 26 December 2007 (UTC) I suggest we merge Panic! at the Disco's 2007-2008 New Album section (Most of which I wrote and referenced) with the article in question. We would have an adequate amount of information and references to satisfy the needs of wikipedian guidelines and remove the notion of crystal ballery. Knight Whitefire (talk) 06:59, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - WP:CRYSTAL; besides, an album which isn't even out yet deserves a rebuttal presumption of non-notability. -- Orange Mike | Talk 19:49, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete per WP:CRYSTAL --Mhking (talk) 20:27, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* KeepIt shouldn't be deleted. There has been notable, citeable information coming these past weeks and there's still more to come. Yeah, the title is speculated, but that's about it. Change it to an "Untitled 08" or something of that sort if that speculation is really what's buggingThedarkchao93 (talk) 20:57, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete per Wikipedia is not a crystal ball.IslaamMaged126 (talk) 22:21, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* Strong Delete Beyond crystal ballery, outright non-encyclopedic speculation. Mr Senseless (talk) 23:27, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* Oh, the round, shiny sphereness of it all! Delete. Soxred93 has a boring sig 23:55, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete as it is just a rumor and does not exist yet..... -RiverHockey (talk) 00:15, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* Keep This is not rumored, Panic! has stated the date of the album and songs from this album have been in circulation since August, 2007. However the name of the album is pure speculation, but just because the name is speculative doasn't mean the facts about the album aren't true. Knight Whitefire (talk) 01:32, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* Keep Suggest changing the title of the article to Untitled Panic! at the Disco album or something to that effect. The album is definitely coming on a set date, as shown in the references. At this point, I'd say there is enough information to warrant keeping the article, and we all know more information will be available soon, so deleting it now only to recreate it in the near future seems pointless. Also, the article has 2 legit references (I'm not counting the band's site or the Youtube link), which is 2 more than most album pages have. Tdogg241 (talk) 06:05, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* Keep I don't care about the title as long as the article stays around... the title is not You Don't Have to Worry. This article does contain speculation, but then again, so do many other articles. If all unsourced trivia is removed, especially the parts about the website, then this article would be great to have around. The "Second album" section of the P!atD page should be merged with this article. JazzlineB (talk) 22:55, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* KeepIt will only have to be recreated when more details come out - it's pointless to delete only to have it remade in a few weeks. Greg James (talk) 23:31, 27 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete - per WP:CRYSTAL Cumulus Clouds (talk) 07:48, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
* Keep I agree wtih Greg, and that new information is constantly coming to light. Although the information here is incomplete and some of it yet to be confirmed, I've yet to see any false information. I don't think the "Second Album" information of the P!ATD page should be merged btw, I believe that information should be shortened, rewritten to two or threes paragraphs, then possibly merged. Venyx (talk) 10:03, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
* Keep or merge with the "second" article. Bearian (talk) 19:30, 28 December 2007 (UTC)
* Hmm. This one's kind of tough. On the one hand the album totally exists, and will be out relatively soon; on the other, the article is basically crystal ballery. Seeing the reliable sources, I'd say keep, but remove all unsourced statements. However, this brings us to very few relevant statements, and we are left without a title. Unless we can find a concrete source that the album will be released under that name, or any other name for that matter, I'm going for delete, but keep updating the section in the band's page. That section is the first step to an acceptable article. J- ſtan ContribsUser page 05:25, 30 December 2007 (UTC)
* Delete. Crystalline album. We need to get more brutal with this stuff ... it takes a lot of time to verify all of these future album pieces, and it would be nicer if we could just speedy them until the actual release date.Kww (talk) 03:26, 31 December 2007 (UTC)
| WIKI |
ALPHA Directive
The ALPHA directive allows you to treat a data item as alphanumeric text in the database, when it is declared as numeric in the COBOL program. Also, ALPHA causes the alfred record editor to edit the field as alphanumeric instead of as numeric.
Syntax
$XFD ALPHA
or
*(( XFD ALPHA ))
This is especially useful when you have numeric keys in which you occasionally store non-numeric data, such as LOW-VALUES or special codes. In this situation, treating the field as alphanumeric allows you to move any kind of data to it.
Example
Suppose you have specified KEY IS code-key. Then assume the following record definition:
01 code-record.
03 code-key.
05 code-num pic 9(5).
In a database, group items are disregarded, so CODE-NUM is the actual key field. Suppose you needed to move a non-numeric value to the key:
MOVE "C0531" TO CODE-KEY.
WRITE CODE-RECORD.
In this case, the results are not well-defined, because a non-numeric value has been moved into a numeric field. The database might very well reject the record.
One way to solve this problem is to use the ALPHA directive. This causes the corresponding database field to accept alphanumeric data:
01 code-record.
03 code-key.
$XFD ALPHA
05 code-num pic 9(5).
As an alternative, you could specify the USE GROUP directive on the line before code-key. The USE GROUP directive implies that the field is alphanumeric. See USE GROUP Directive for more information. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Chronos > Reserve Sheet > Import Dump File - Float Variable Accuracy | Mining University
Chronos > Reserve Sheet > Import Dump File - Float Variable Accuracy
I really have an issue with how Chronos is importing my grade variables from the Maptek Vulcan dmp file into the Maptek Vulcan Chronos workbook. My gold and silver grades are stored in a ‘float’ type variable in the block model. The advanced reserves editor reports out sixteen decimal places for the weighted average metal grade. I know this because I can see it when I open the dmp file with a text editor or the csv file with Microsoft Excel. What happens when I import this data into Chronos is, it throws away twelve of the decimal places and only carries four decimal places for the gold and silver grades.
Chronos > Reserve Sheet > Import Dump File
I’m sure that someone, ‘back in the day,’ thought that four decimal places would be more than enough. If we were working with tonnage or volume or dollars or any other sum type variable, four decimal places would work fine, but we’re not. We’re working with grades, and now we have lost twelve significant figures.
It should be easy to point to differences between the dmp or csv advanced reserves output and the final schedule from Chronos, but it’s not.
Let me tell you what happens to me when I import ounces into Chronos:
The first thing I do after importing data into a new Chronos workbook (Chronos > Reserve Sheet > Import Dump File) is multiply the ore tons by the metal grade to show contained ounces in its own column. These contained ounces are used to calculate recovered ounces and reported out in the period summary of the completed schedule. I also compare them to the same column in the csv output from advanced reserves.
Now I have some explaining to do because they don't match. If I have a million ounces of metal in my schedule only the first four significant figures will be correct (1,000,???). That means that I am hundreds of ounces different from the csv file that is my quality control check. The total tons and volume are correct to four decimals but all of the grades are only sort of close. It took a long time to explain to my boss why the grades have a rounding error of several hundred, while the ore and waste tons had a rounding error of several ten-thousandths.
Can we please increase the accuracy of imported data in Maptek Vulcan Chronos? Vulcan is already exporting the data. The csv and dmp files can contain all the significant figures why can’t we import this same level of detail into Chronos?
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 52.djvu/737
Rh him in the valley of Acoma in central New Mexico. The Katzimo, or enchanted mesa, is an isolated mass of rock rising from the center of the plain to a height of four hundred and thirty feet. Native tradition has it that this was once the home of their ancestors, but during a great convulsion of Nature, at a time when most of the inhabitants were at work in their fields below, an immense rocky mass became freed from the friable wall of the cliff, destroying the only trail to the summit and leaving a few old women to perish on the inaccessible height. This tradition has been strengthened by the finding of numerous fragments of pottery of very ancient type in the talus beneath the wall where it is said the path originally existed, and also by traces of hand and foot holes for some distance up the side of the cliff. Professor Hodge, by the aid of an extension ladder and several hundred feet of rope, after two hours' hard work, succeeded in reaching the summit of the mesa. The first recorded ascent was that of Professor Libby, of Princeton, in July, 1897. Several ancient potsherds and a curious sort of monument were the only archaeological finds. Professor Hodge, however, drew a map of the surface and accurately determined its altitude.
The Age of Trees.—The following information is taken from a recent circular of the United States Department of Agriculture: In all the timber trees of the temperate portion of our country the wood of the stem is laid on in sheets, which on any cross-section appear as so many concentric rings. Generally these rings are sufficiently well defined to be readily counted, and since only one is formed during each growing season they furnish a very convenient record of the age of that portion of the tree. In the cross-section of a pine, fir, or cedar these rings appear as alternate narrow bands of lighter and darker color, the dark line, or "summer wood," occupying the outer portion of any one ring, and being sharply contrasted against the lightest part of the inner lighter, or "spring wood." These rings are conspicuous through rows of pores, each row occupying the inner or spring wood part of a ring and being separated from the row of pores of the next ring by wood practically devoid of large pores. In the "diffuse porous" woods, like birch, poplar, tulip, etc., the rings are generally less conspicuous, being defined by a mere line, often scarcely perceptible in the fresh wood, and due to the fact that the outermost cells of the summer wood are always small, flattened in form, and have thick walls, while the adjoining innermost cells of the spring wood of the neighboring ring are much larger, not flattened, and always have thin walls. The growth of these rings is very even and regular, especially in young and thrifty timber, where the conditions for tree life are favorable. Where the conditions are not good the ring formation varies in a number of ways, and is a not at all reliable source for obtaining the age of the tree. A cross-section from one to two feet, above the ground should have added to the number of rings found from five to seven years, as the seedling would probably have required that period to reach a height of two feet.
The Pitch Lake of Trinidad.—Some romances and exaggerations of which the pitch lake of Trinidad has been the subject are corrected by Mr. Albert Cronise, of Rochester, N. Y. Its area, height, and distance from the sea have been overestimated, and a volcanic action has been ascribed to it which does not really exist. It is one mile from the landing place, is one hundred and thirty-eight feet above sea level, is irregular, approximately round, and has an area of one hundred and nine acres. Its surface is a few feet higher than the ground immediately around it, having been lifted up by the pressure from below. The material of the lake is solid to a depth of several feet, except in a few spots in the center, where it remains soft, but usually not hot or boiling. But as the condition of the softest part varies, it may be that it boils sometimes. The surface of the lake is marked by fissures two or three feet wide, and slightly depressed spots, all of which are filled with rain water. In going about, one has to pick his way among the larger puddles, and jump many of the smaller connecting streams. Each of the hundreds of irregular portions separated by this network of fissures is said to have a slow revolving motion upon a horizontal axis at right angles to a line from the center of the lake, the surface moving | WIKI |
User:Agraceb09/Evaluate an Article
Which article are you evaluating?
Me Too movement
Why you have chosen this article to evaluate?
The MeToo Movement is what my group is going to evaluate for our project. There don't seem to be many different pages that are related to the overall topic, so I think that will be something that might cause us trouble in the future. The MeToo Movement is important because it allowed people to bring light to issues that people push out of the public eye. At first glance, the page looks well developed.
Evaluate the article
(Compose a detailed evaluation of the article here, considering each of the key aspects listed above. Consider the guiding questions, and check out the examples of what a useful Wikipedia article evaluation looks like.)
Lead Section:
* The introduction provides a good overview of the page. I think that the first paragraph could go more in depth but for an introductory statement, it is done well.
* There is not an overview of the major sections, very few are mentioned and there are many that are not mentioned.
* It goes over information that is not mentioned in the later articles. It specifically mentions celebrities who spoke out such as Gwyneth Paltrow, Ashley Judd and Jennifer Lawrence, who are not mentioned again in the page. It feels as though the names are put there so that people will be drawn in by their names, but there is no account of what contribution they have made to the MeToo Movement.
* The lead is concise, but I would like for them to have mentioned what is spoken about throughout the rest of the article.
Content:
* There is a lot of content in this article that I feel like could be broken up into another page. I think that it would be better to have a page dedicated to the MeToo Movement in the United States and one for the international movement. The Impact section is long as well and hard to navigate clearly.
* Some sections have been updated in the past year. The MeToo Movement has not been reported on much in the past few years, so I think it is understandable that there is not much recent news on it. Most of the updates that mention 2020 are international.
* From what I can tell, the page does a good job of covering a variety of content related to the subject. I think that it almost covers too much information, which makes the content overwhelming for a reader.
* The article mentions many underrepresented populations, such as sex workers, minorities and those in prisons.
Tone and Balance:
* The article seems to do a good job of presenting the facts of the MeToo Movement without trying to persuade the reader of convince them of a particular thing.
* The one section that I noticed what could be seen as biased was under "Failure to address police misconduct." It has already been addressed on the page by others, but language is used that is not supported by evidence or citations.
Sources and References:
* The article has many sources attached to it although there are a few places that still require citations or clarifications.
* Since the MeToo Movement is still a relatively new movement, literature is still being written about the impact and history of the movement. Given that, I feel as though the page reflects a majority of what is available on the topic.
* There are almost 600 citations from a variety of authors.
* A majority of the citations of the page are from news outlets and they work.
Organization and Writing Quality:
* The article is well written but the amount of information provided is overwhelming. I think it could benefit from having different pages for different topics or dividing the information into more subheadings so that it is more clear.
Images and Media:
* The page has very few images or media, which makes it feel daunting to read. It would not make much sense to have a lot of picture throughout a page on the MeToo Movement, but I do think that it would help to break up the information overload and all the words that are being presented to the reader.
* The best captioning is on the picture of Alyssa Milano. The others provide very little information or depth to explain why that picture was chosen to be included
Talk Page:
* The conversations on the talk page discuss many of the points that I noted. Many notes have been made throughout 2018-2020 and a few in 2021.
* The page is marked as a "Level 5, vital page."
* It is not the subject of any Wiki Projects. | WIKI |
User:VINAYAK K MISHRA
Myself Vinayak Mishra, I was born in Farukkhabad in a middle class family. My father Mr. Rajendra Kumar Mishra is a Government employee in State Bank of India and my mother Mrs. Meena Mishra is a housewife. I had the most lovable childhood like every other children and am an apple eye of my adorable parents.
I was not only a good student in studies but was also good at sports. Gradually, I became eminent in my school and a known face. Subsequent to 5th Class, I even won a Gold medal in 100m race.
With every advent of time, I kept growing not only in studies but also in sports. I always had an interest in extracurricular activities. My creativity helped me to win many accolades. Along with sports, I also had fondness for acting and Drama. I even won first prize for a play when I was in 8th class.
I was fortunate enough to get complete support of my parents and friends who encouraged me to outgrow my talent.
And gradually, I became more inclined towards sports and kept winning first position in many other sports. Sometimes I have also won first prize in swimming competition. This became a regular feature of my life. In my college days, I, too, participated in competitions and always outshone like a winner. After my college, I started working but was not much satisfied and decided to build my career in my own area of interest. So I lied to my parents that I got transfer to Mumbai. Although my father did not agree to my decision but still I was adamant on my decision and came to the city of dreams “Mumbai”. Coming here, made me realized that there are many other struggling people like me who are in the queue to win the battle and to make their dreams come true. After seeing them, I was motivated more and was determined to become a single face in the crowd. I have a passionate desire to make my own identity. And I was adhered to it.
From there on, I pulled up my socks and begin to give auditions night and day. Initially, I did not get any positive response. But I never disheartened or lose hope. I kept on making more efforts. One fortunate day, I got a call for look test .When I reached there; I saw many other boys just like me had also come for their look test. But I was destined to get selected. Just after two days I got a call for my upcoming movie Downup The Exit 796 There was an inner joy which cannot be expressed in words. Mr. Jamin Bali, producer and director of this film showed lot of confidence in me and encouraged me lot. He perceived my hunger of doing something and my zest for work. He mentored me and told me little bit of effort is required more and one day I will be a superstar. I got lot of positive vibes from him and overall it was a learning experience for me during the making of this film.
The shooting of this film begin in Mumbai. The story of this film is based on a Muslim boy who is an Engineering student and very bright in his studies. As soon as he completes his studies, he moves on to search a job for himself. And then the story gets twist and climax. Jamin Bali,has written a nice story and conveyed a good message. This film will release next year, in the month of February. | WIKI |
1
0
mirror of https://github.com/pevans/erc-c.git synced 2024-07-17 03:29:10 +00:00
erc-c/include/log.h
Peter Evans d2047457e9 Use log_crit() instead of log_critical()
This change also removes the former log_critical and log_error macros.
2018-03-29 21:45:25 -05:00
41 lines
1.2 KiB
C
#ifndef _LOG_H_
#define _LOG_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/syslog.h>
#define LOG_FILENAME "/tmp/erc.log"
enum log_errcode {
OK = 1,
ERR_OOM, // out of memory
ERR_OOB, // out of bounds
ERR_BADFILE,
ERR_BADOPT, // bad option (e.g. from getopt)
ERR_INVALID, // invalid operation
ERR_GFXINIT, // couldn't initialize graphics
ERR_GFXOP, // we couldn't execute a specific graphic operation
};
extern FILE *log_stream();
extern int log_close();
extern void log_open(FILE *);
extern void log_write(int, const char *, ...);
/*
* Here we have a couple of convenience macros that abstracts the log
* level number.
*/
#define log_alert(...) log_write(LOG_ALERT, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_crit(...) log_write(LOG_CRIT, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_debug(...) log_write(LOG_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_emerg(...) log_write(LOG_EMERG, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_err(...) log_write(LOG_ERR, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_info(...) log_write(LOG_INFO, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_notice(...) log_write(LOG_NOTICE, __VA_ARGS__)
#define log_warning(...) log_write(LOG_WARNING, __VA_ARGS__)
#endif | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Schiersteiner Straße
Schiersteiner Straße is a major arterial road in Wiesbaden, Germany, running from Ringstraße at the north end, south towards as continuation of Bundesautobahn 643 through the suburb of Rheingauviertel. The Schiersteiner Straße is a four lane street and part of Bundesstraße 262. Together with the Mainzer Straße and the Ringstraße, it is a busy southern arterial road in Wiesbaden, often congested during peak hours. | WIKI |
2 Replies Latest reply on Dec 24, 2012 3:44 AM by Nicolas Filotto
How to access my own node directly using path
Sunghun Park Newbie
Hi all.
I just started eXo portal development and looking into documentation. Exo is based on Gatein and it brought me here to ask a question.
I created my own node type and content using it. I got the path of the coent in a view template and I want to get the node for my cotent and manipulate it.
But I don't know how I can do that.
My node's path is :
/jcr:system/jcr:versionStorage/a770e7a50a1601724c76cbeb16e74c35/1/jcr:frozenNode
I have tried like below but it did not work.
import javax.jcr.Node;
import javax.jcr.NodeIterator;
import javax.jcr.Property;
import javax.jcr.PropertyIterator;
import javax.jcr.Session;
import javax.jcr.Repository;
import org.exoplatform.container.ExoContainer;
import org.exoplatform.container.ExoContainerContext;
import org.exoplatform.services.jcr.core.ManageableRepository;
import org.exoplatform.services.jcr.RepositoryService;
ExoContainer myContainer = ExoContainerContext.getCurrentContainer();
RepositoryService repositoryService = (RepositoryService)myContainer.getComponentInstanceOfType(RepositoryService.class);
Repository repository = repositoryService.getCurrentRepository();
Session jcrSession = repository.login("system"); //I found this workspace from eXo IDE
Node root = jcrSession.getRootNode();
root.getNode("jcr:versionStorage"); //jcr:system/jcr:versionStorage, /jcr:versionStorage and in many different way
Can anyone help me? Thanks in advance.
• 1. Re: How to access my own node directly using path
Anh Vu Nguyen Newbie
Hi Sunghun Park,
Can you please show us the exception stack trace or any warning, error message you got?
Or at least, can you please login to collaboration workspace and try to get your node again (repository.login("collaboration"))
Hope it helps.
Regards,
Vu Nguyen
1 of 1 people found this helpful
• 2. Re: How to access my own node directly using path
Nicolas Filotto Novice
If you use node.getNode(String), the expected parameter is a relative path so in your case the path should be node.getNode("jcr:system/jcr:versionStorage/a770e7a50a1601724c76cbeb16e74c35/1/jcr:frozenNode"). If it doesn't work, I guess there is an access permission issue, did you try to access to this node with the root account? Did you try to access using CRaSH? Which product do you use exactly? and what is the version of the product?
1 of 1 people found this helpful | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/CD Freaks
The result of the debate was Keep. Enochlau 01:50, 4 December 2005 (UTC)
cdfreaks
vanity / not noteable
* Delete - vanity. 9cds 00:36, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep - if nothing else, the place has its own wikicity just for it. Look no further. CD Freaks Wikicity. As far as I know, that's an automatic keep. (mind you, it only seems to have about 10 articles). Zordrac 02:13, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* The "automatic keep due to wikicity entry" is new to me. HackJandy 03:38, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* That is not a Wikicity. That's just a MediaWiki wiki that they set up themselves. Absolutely anyone can set up a MediaWiki wiki: it means absolutely nothing, and certainly does not make this an automatic keep. — Haeleth Talk 12:35, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
* Keep. The site appears to be well-established and well-trafficked. Its Alexa ranking is 7,342, well within the suggested guidelines at WP:WEB. Joyous | Talk 02:50, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep. The Wikicity and Alexa rank together seem sufficient. Superm401 | Talk 04:26, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Note that Zordrac is mistaken - there is no Wikicity. Your argument falls back on the Alexa ranking alone. — Haeleth Talk 12:35, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. per nom. (Notorious4life 05:25, 28 November 2005 (UTC))
* keep, obvious by alexa 7k. ∴ here…♠ 07:56, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep has sufficient traffic. - Mgm|(talk) 10:30, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. Google for link -site gets only about 650 hits, which is small for a supposedly notable site. Alexa ranking is up and down around the magic 10,000, and Wikipedia seems to be a major source of inbound traffic (mainly from DVD, where there is this link: How to identify the real manufacturer of your recordable DVD by DVD Identifier) - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] (W) AfD? 13:12, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* I'm not a huge fan of inclusion in cases like this, but.. if we use traffic as a guideline, this site passes with flying colors. The forum alone has 1mil posts, 100k threads and 10k users. 2 year alexa graph shows fairly reliable traffic over the long haul with 3 month averages easily above 10k. That link at DVD sounds like spam and should be removed. Keep, even if horribly boring and commercial. ∴ here…♠ 22:02, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete: I have to agree with Zat Guy that the site's main business is one-off usage (like, for example, the top listed site for temperature conversions from C to F would be), rather than its main business of freaking out over compact disks. I should also point out that the article is mistitled. Further, the article is now written like advertising, so clean-up is a must if it's kept (which I suspect it will be). Geogre 15:49, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep. No valid reason for deletion given, plus, see above. Trollderella 21:49, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete. nn & vanity. hydnjo talk 22:17, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* Comment. From WP:GD: "* Non-notable, nn or vanity mean that the user thinks the subject fails to meet Wikipedia's inclusion guidelines either due to its obscurity or lack of differentiation from others of its type." hydnjo talk 22:17, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
* , Importance is proposed policy, vanity a guideline. Neither are part of deletion policy. Trollderella 23:04, 28 November 2005 (UTC)
-- red stucco 11:06, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
* keep please it has a really good alexa rating so erasing this does not make any sense at all Yuckfoo 01:03, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
* Keep, passes the inclusion criteria of the WP:WEB guidelines with flying colors. Can't sleep, clown will eat me 06:02, 29 November 2005 (UTC)
* Delete Unless the lack of credible sources is remedied, this appears to violate Verifiability
* Keep This site has very detailed information for a very specific subject area. It is well known for what it does. SchmuckyTheCat 00:14, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
* Comment: Removing the link from DVD appears to have caused a not insignificant drop in Alexa traffic rank. What do we do about sites which are included partly because of traffic generated by their inclusion? - Just zis Guy, you know? [T]/[C] (W) AfD? 09:36, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
* Comment Delete them? Seems like the site took about a 2k hit on alexa ranking, daily down to 9k+. Hard to say if this was primarily due to DVD link removal. Good question though, perhaps take it up at WP:WEB. I'm going to stick on keep here based on the forum stats in addition to the traffic stats. (1mil posts, 100k threads, 10k users.) I think this is a good example of a page which may be borderline improperly included based on WP:WEB, but I'll go keep on borderline. ∴ here…♠ 18:36, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
* Borderline keep, since it does currently seem to meet the proposal at WP:WEB. Cleanup is needed, though; if it doesn't get cleaned up, and its Alexa rank continues to fall, bring it back and we can reconsider. — Haeleth Talk 12:35, 2 December 2005 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Smart Home Device Buyer’s Guide
Want to get more out of your home internet?
Check availability
Absolutely everything is on the internet these days.
That includes a host of new internet-connected home devices - anything from video doorbells to thermostats to speakers to refrigerators. "Smart" is the latest upgrade for home appliances and entertainment, with a bevvy of hot ticket items available for gift purchases and home improvements.
The terminology can get a little confusing at times, and as with anything new, there’s a bit of a learning curve involved.
What do you need to know before you grab the latest gadget?
Optimum has a few key tips to make sure your next smart home purchase is worth it.
Investigate smart home device setup requirements before you buy
Each smart home device has a different setup process. Most are fairly simple and straightforward, although whenever technology is involved, "simple and straightforward" can be a relative term for you or your gift recipient.
Setting up a smart device on a home network usually requires the following:
1. 1. A power supply for the device, usually A/C to wall plug or battery charger, but potentially hard-wired into a home electrical system via professional installation
2. 2. A home internet connection, preferably with a wireless router (knowing the network name and password is always helpful)
3. 3. A Bluetooth-enabled smart phone, computer, or tablet, connected to the same network - at least at the time of setup
4. 4. A profile, login, or device link through an app or website with preference settings, controls, and/or subscription
Depending on who’s setting up a device and where the setup happens, the above requirements could either be fast and easy or a little more labor intensive.
It’s worth knowing before you purchase a device.
Look into online reviews of devices to gauge how easy the setup process is and how frequently troubleshooting may be necessary. Also look into instructional videos related to setting up any given device before making your purchase.
Especially keep in mind that parts of the setup process might need to be repeated in case of a power outage or internet service interruption. This can be a major consideration before buying a gift for out-of-state friends and family who might not be technologically savvy.
Learn about smart home network connectivity before you buy
Some smart home devices are "smarter" than others, with varying levels of connectivity. The IoT - or "Internet of Things" - is actually several different internets.
Your connected home can become complicated in a hurry if your new thermostat connects to your phone but not your home assistant, or if Siri, Alexa, and Hey Google can’t see eye to eye.
Keep the following in mind:
1. 1. What “base system” does my connected home run on? Even though each device connects to your home internet and offers some degree of remote control, some “base systems” for voice commands and smart home assistant devices (e.g. Siri for Apple devices, Alexa for Amazon-enabled devices, Google, Facebook, etc.), aren’t compatible with each other. If you’re just starting out with a connected home device, consider which device will host your “main” device system. This could be controlled through a “main” assistant or smart phone with voice command ability.
2. 2. How compatible is each device with my “base system?” We’ve all seen commercials where smiling professionals turn up their home thermostat while still in the car, but not every device offers this feature for every base system. Level of connectivity and compatibility is a selling point for connected home devices, and can be a key differentiator in finding the right price point for your needs. Make sure you consider how easily each device can talk to each other before making a purchase.
3. 3. What connectivity features do I actually need? You might not actually need to splurge on “mega deluxe” connectivity devices, and instead just prefer to stop fishing between the couch cushions for your TV remote without needing to control everything from anywhere in the house. If so, a connected speaker, compatible TV, and home assistant combination might be fine for now. You can always upgrade later. Look into feature capabilities for each device, and if the list of things a smart device can do is much longer than the list of things you want it to do, consider other options.
4. 4. Which level of privacy control am I comfortable with? In order to communicate between you and the internet, every smart device needs to share data. Some share a lot in order to be more responsive and capable, others have fewer features but share less in order to protect your privacy more strictly. It’s worth looking into the controls that each device offers before making a purchase (or giving a gift) that causes discomfort.
Remember, smart home devices are that much smarter when they connect with each other rather than simply to the internet. Figuring out which features and levels of connectivity each option offers is a key value point of any purchase.
Unfortunately, there’s no easy boilerplate way to do it, because each person has their own preferences and requirements.
Evaluate internet connection speed and bandwidth before you buy
Many smart devices are “always on” - continuously sending and receiving at least a small amount of data from the internet.
This data signal could involve as little as an occasional "ping" back and forth from a thermostat or refrigerator just to make sure the device is ready to receive a command. But it could also take up as much bandwidth as a video feed from a connected doorbell, internet-enabled gaming to a handheld device, or 4K Ultra HD streaming.
The more connected your home is to the internet through multiple devices, the stronger and faster the connection you’ll need to keep everything running smoothly.
If you (or the person you're gifting a device to) often struggle with internet connection speed-related lag when video chatting or streaming, it may be advisable to boost your internet connection speed before adding another device to your home network. After all, you wouldn't want to have to turn off your new doorbell before you can make an important conference call.
There are multiple ways to do this:
1. 1. Connect your smart device to your modem using an ethernet cable if possible to ensure it has a clearer, faster signal.
2. 2. Amplify your home wifi signal by using an amplifier device, clearing obstructions around your wireless router, or moving the device closer to your wireless router.
3. 3. Upgrade your home internet connection speed by contacting your internet service provider for a faster package.
There's a lot worth considering before making a smart home device purchase, whether it's for your own home or intended as a gift. Taking a little extra time to investigate your options, read online reviews, and familiarize yourself with device features and options is a great way to start.
Now you know what questions to ask!
Good luck, and happy connecting.
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Knowledge Base/iPhone Support/User Guide (iPhone)
Compose a Tweet
Marie
posted this on May 06, 2011 21:47
Compose a Tweet
1. Tap the icon in the lower right-hand corner of the screen (this icon resembles a note pad and pencil)
2. Proceed to type your tweet
3. Once you are happy with the tweet you’ve written, you can embellish it by adding a photo, an emoticon and/or your location
4. When finished, press “Tweet” to publish the tweet or “Cancel” to throw the tweet out.
Tweet an Image
Follow the steps to compose a tweet. If you would like to add an image to your tweet, you can do so by:
1. Tapping the Camera icon
2. Choosing between using a photo already stored in your phone’s memory, taking a completely new photo, or using the last photo you took
3. If you would like to use a photo from your phone’s memory select “Choose From your Library” and then tap the image you’d like, to add it to the tweet.
4. If you would like to use your phone’s camera to take a new photo, select “Take Picture” and then tap “Retake” until you have the photo you’d like to tweet, then tap “Use” to add it
5. If you would like to tweet the last photo taken tap "use last photo taken"
Tweet Your Location
Follow the steps to compose a tweet. If you would like to add your location to your tweet, simply select the location icon – it looks like a map pin. Tapping this button will automatically add your location. Tapping it again will remove your location.
Note: If “Post Locations” is disabled under settings and you try to add your location to a tweet, a window will pop up to offer you to enable Location Tracking. You must select “OK” to be able to add your location to the tweet.
Mention Someone
Follow the steps to compose a tweet. You can now easily mention the people you follow by tapping the"@" button. Scroll from left to right then simply tap one to mention him/her.
Tweet More Than 140 Characters
Follow the steps to compose a tweet. Once you've entered a tweet that exceeds 140 characters, you have two options to shorten it and tweet it:
1. Try out our text shortening button - looks like two arrows pointing inwards. This will turn words into shorter versions of themselves, where possible. For example, "love" becomes "luv" and "one" becomes "1".
2. Just send it! Sending a long tweet will cause a pop-up permission window that says "This tweet is too long to post directly to Twitter. Would you like to use Tmi.me (or TwitLonger, if you've selected that) to send your message to Twitter?" Selecting No will return you to the tweet composition screen. Selecting Yes will send a segmented version of the tweet, with a link included that takes your followers to the full tweet's text at TwitLonger's website.
Topic is closed for comments
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Gwen Stefani/Article alerts/Archive 1
GAN
* 3 Mar 2016 – Baby Don't Lie GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 13 Mar 2016 – Long Way to Go (Gwen Stefani and André 3000 song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 15 Mar 2016 – The Real Thing (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 17 Mar 2016 – Used to Love You GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 22 Mar 2016 – 4 in the Morning GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 25 Mar 2016 – Asking 4 It GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 25 Mar 2016 – Truth (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 26 Mar 2016 – Rare (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 31 Mar 2016 – Spark the Fire GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 31 Mar 2016 – Misery (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 4 Apr 2016 – Shine (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Aoba47 and Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 22 Apr 2016 – Make Me Like You GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 1 May 2016 – Rich Girl (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 19 May 2016 – Now That You Got It GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 22 May 2016 – Settle Down (No Doubt song) GA nominated by Carbrera was not promoted, see discussion
* 10 Jun 2016 – Sunday Morning (No Doubt song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 14 Jun 2016 – Happy Now? (No Doubt song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 14 Jun 2016 – Hey You! GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 23 Jun 2016 – This Is What the Truth Feels Like GA nominated by Carbrera was not promoted, see discussion
* 28 Jul 2016 – Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (The Remixes) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 3 Aug 2016 – This Is What the Truth Feels Like GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 10 Aug 2016 – Serious (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 12 Aug 2016 – Harajuku Girls (song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
* 12 Aug 2016 – Yummy (Gwen Stefani song) GA nominated by Carbrera was promoted, see discussion
AfD
* 11 Jun 2016 – Truth (Gwen Stefani song) AfDed by Chasewc91 was [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=delete&page=Truth_(Gwen_Stefani_song) deleted]; discussion | WIKI |
Generating high-efficiency neutral beams by using negative ions in an inductively coupled plasma source
Seiji Samukawa, Keisuke Sakamoto, Katsunori Ichiki
研究成果: Article査読
163 被引用数 (Scopus)
抄録
A high-performance neutral-beam etching system, which minimizes radiation damage caused by charge buildup or ultraviolet and x-ray photons during etching, was discussed. It was found that the bottom carbon plate of the etching systems possessed numerous aperture for extraction of neutral beams from the plasma. The analysis showed that the neutralization efficiency of negative ions and maximum neutral flux density were 100% and 4.0 mA/cm2 respectively.
本文言語English
ページ（範囲）1566-1573
ページ数8
ジャーナルJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films
20
5
DOI
出版ステータスPublished - 2002 9月
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• 凝縮系物理学
• 表面および界面
• 表面、皮膜および薄膜
フィンガープリント
「Generating high-efficiency neutral beams by using negative ions in an inductively coupled plasma source」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
引用スタイル | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Lumbercutter/Help
Citation templates
Citation templates
Template builder
* Template builder — Given an ISBN, a PubMed ID, etc., output a citation which can be pasted into a Wikipedia article.
IPA for dummies?
From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk_archive/Language/January_2006#IPA_for_dummies.3F
It seems that we currently do not have any article geared toward helping English-only speakers pronounce sounds only present in languages outside of English. Articles like IPA chart for English do exist, but are not particularly helpful unless you already know IPA and are interested in learning how to pronounce English. Does anyone know of articles or external sites that could help me understand IPA transliterations? Theshibboleth 01:20, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
* This site is a good introduction to some basic phonetic terminology. This site is also a good introduction to some of the concepts. For recordings of different IPA characters (to give you a general feel for what a given description/character actually sounds like), try the Wikipedia pages on different sounds (e.g., Voiced bilabial fricative), and these charts (but for the love of God, stay away from this chart! It's highly inaccurate in many, many places). The phonetician Peter Ladefoged's site has recordings of a number of more obscure or less well-known types of sounds or phonological contrasts from around the world. I hope that helps! --Whimemsz 02:38, 10 January 2006 (UTC)
Acronym mouse-over explanation syntax
ARC POP RCK
Stub types
WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types
Long story:
Per the Manual of style at this section, article titles are coded as H1 automatically by the mediawiki software; so therefore the highest-level headings beneath the article title are best coded as H2 (==).
Long story short (fits inside edit summary field):
Per the MOS at this section, article titles are coded as H1; so therefore the highest-level heads beneath the article title should be coded as H2 (==). | WIKI |
Example description
Program d04bafe
! D04BAF Example Program Text
! Mark 26.1 Release. NAG Copyright 2017.
! .. Use Statements ..
Use nag_library, Only: d04baf, d04bbf, nag_wp, s14aef
! .. Implicit None Statement ..
Implicit None
! .. Parameters ..
Real (Kind=nag_wp), Parameter :: x_0 = 0.05_nag_wp
Integer, Parameter :: nout = 6, n_der_comp = 3, &
n_display = 3, n_hbase = 4, &
zeroth = 0
! .. Local Scalars ..
Real (Kind=nag_wp) :: hbase
Integer :: ifail, j, k
! .. Local Arrays ..
Real (Kind=nag_wp) :: actder(n_display), der(14), &
der_comp(n_hbase,n_der_comp,14), &
erest(14), fval(21), xval(21)
! .. Executable Statements ..
Write (nout,*) 'D04BAF Example Program Results'
Write (nout,*)
Write (nout,*) ' Find the derivatives of the polygamma (psi) function'
Write (nout,*) ' using function values generated by S14AEF.'
Write (nout,*)
Write (nout,*) ' Demonstrate the effect of successively reducing HBASE.'
Write (nout,*)
! Select an initial separation distance HBASE.
hbase = 0.0025_nag_wp
! Compute the actual derivatives at target location x_0 using s14aef for
! comparison.
Do j = 1, n_display
ifail = 0
actder(j) = s14aef(x_0,j,ifail)
End Do
! Attempt N_HBASE approximations, reducing HBASE by factor 0.1 each time.
Do j = 1, n_hbase
! Generate the abscissa XVAL using D04BBF
Call d04bbf(x_0,hbase,xval)
! Calculate the corresponding objective function values.
Do k = 1, 21
ifail = 0
fval(k) = s14aef(xval(k),zeroth,ifail)
End Do
! Call D04BAF to calculate the derivative estimates
ifail = 0
Call d04baf(xval,fval,der,erest,ifail)
! Store results in DER_COMP
der_comp(j,1,1:14) = hbase
der_comp(j,2,1:14) = der(1:14)
der_comp(j,3,1:14) = erest(1:14)
! Decrease hbase for next loop
hbase = hbase*0.1_nag_wp
End Do
! Display Results for first N_DISPLAY derivatives
Do j = 1, n_display
Write (nout,99999) j, actder(j)
Write (nout,99998) j
Write (nout,99997) j, j
Do k = 1, n_hbase
Write (nout,99996) der_comp(k,1,j), der_comp(k,2,j), der_comp(k,3,j)
End Do
Write (nout,*)
End Do
99999 Format (1X,' Derivative (',I1,') calculated using S14AEF :',1X,Es11.4)
99998 Format (1X,' Derivative and error estimates for derivative (',I1,')')
99997 Format (10X,'hbase DER(',I1,') EREST(',I1,')')
99996 Format (1X,1P,E14.4,E13.4,E13.1)
End Program d04bafe | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Zimmergren MOSS 2007 Tip #1: Anonymous Access
Tobias Zimmergren
Tobias Zimmergren
💡TIP: Check out the guidance for building sustainable Azure workloads! 🌿
This is the first post I’m making in a series of small "how-to’s" and "aha!"-posts. It will be basic stuff that you often want to know, and why not write them down here instead of in a hidden document that I’ll forget about..
Today’s tip is: Enabling Annonymous Access to your site
1. Begin by navigating to central administration (CA from now)
2. Choose Application Management
3. Choose Authentication Providers in the Application Security section
4. Select the correct web application
5. Click the Default Zone link
6. Check Enable Anonymous Access and hit Save
From the Permissions-page in your site you can choose Settings -> Anonymous Access and from there make ajustments to what permissions anonymous access will have.
SharePointTips
Tobias Zimmergren Twitter
Hi, I'm Tobias! 👋 I write about Microsoft Azure, security, cybersecurity, compliance, cloud architecture, Microsoft 365, and general tech!
Reactions and mentions
Presently sponsored by:
Hornet Security
Mastodon | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wilson et al., Appellees, v. Brush Wellman, Inc., Appellant.
[Cite as Wilson v. Brush Wellman, Inc., 103 Ohio St.3d 538, 2004-Ohio-5847.]
(No. 2003-0048
Submitted December 16, 2003
Decided November 17, 2004.)
O’Connor, J.
{¶ 1} We are asked to consider whether class certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) is proper in an action seeking to establish a medical-monitoring fund. Although under the proper circumstances court-ordered medical monitoring may be classified as injunctive relief, we hold that plaintiffs in this action fail to meet the cohesiveness requirement of the rule.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 2} Appellees-plaintiffs are members of unions within the Northwestern Ohio Building and Construction Trades Council. Plaintiffs were all employed at various times by contractors at the Brush Wellman Elmore plant from the 1950s through the 1990s. The Brush Wellman Elmore plant produces beryllium alloy for use in industrial applications. Plaintiffs allege that they were exposed to beryllium dust and fumes that were generated by manufacture of the alloy. Beryllium exposure can cause a lung ailment called chronic beryllium disease and other ailments. Some individuals may never show symptoms or develop any disease, while others can have serious impairments or even die as a result of their exposure.
{¶ 3} On February 14, 2000, John Wilson and six other union members filed a claim against appellant-defendant Brush Wellman, Inc., alleging negligence, strict liability in tort, statutory product liability, and engagement in ultrahazardous activities. Specifically within the negligence claim, plaintiffs alleged that Brush Wellman had failed to properly control and contain the beryllium, failed to train plaintiffs and proposed class members, failed to provide a safe place of employment, failed to monitor working conditions, and failed to warn plaintiffs and proposed class members of the dangers of beryllium. The complaint sought a medical-screening program to detect beryllium sensitivity as well as punitive damages.
{¶ 4} Plaintiffs moved the trial court to certify a class that would include all Northwestern Ohio Building and Construction Trades Council union members who worked at the Elmore plant from 1953 through December 31, 1999. After a hearing, the trial court held that although the proposed class met the requirements under Civ.R. 23(A), it failed to satisfy any of the requirements of Civ.R. 23(B).
{¶ 5} ■ The trial court examined all three requirements of Civ.R. 23(B), finding that plaintiffs’ claims failed each. In reaching its decision, the court quoted our decision in Warner v. Waste Mgt., Inc. (1988), 36 Ohio St.3d 91, 95, 521 N.E.2d 1091: “Subsection (B)(1)(a) does not lend itself to mass tort claims, such as the one before us. Pursuant to this subsection, certification is permissible if separate actions could lead to incompatible standards of conduct.” (Emphasis sic.) The court concluded that differing standards of conduct were not likely to appear in this case if separate actions were pursued.
{¶ 6} The trial court held that Civ.R. 23(B)(2) certification was inappropriate because that subsection does not apply when the class is primarily seeking damages. Civ.R. 23(B)(2) applies when the party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to the class, thereby making appropriate final injunctive relief or corresponding declaratory relief with respect to the class as a whole. The court relied upon Day v. NLO, Inc. (S.D.Ohio 1992), 144 F.R.D. 330, in holding that medical-monitoring damages, in addition to the punitive damages sought, do not constitute injunctive relief. The court noted that plaintiffs did not characterize their claim for medical monitoring as injunctive relief.
{¶ 7} The trial court went on to recognize that Civ.R. 23(B)(2) requires a showing that Brush Wellman acted or refused to act with respect to the class as a whole, commonly referred to as a cohesiveness requirement. The court found that there were disparate factual circumstances in the class that precluded certification.
{¶ 8} Plaintiffs also failed to satisfy Civ.R. 23(B)(3), according to the trial court. The court held that “individual questions in this case not only outnumber, but most importantly, outweigh any questions that are common to the class.” Having determined that plaintiffs failed to meet the requirements of Civ.R. 23(B), the court denied class certification.
{¶ 9} Plaintiffs appealed the denial of class certification. The appellate court, which considered certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) exclusively, held that “the trial court erred by finding this criteri[on] absent.” The court reasoned that because plaintiffs primarily sought medical surveillance and screening, which it determined were injunctive in nature, certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) was appropriate. The court held that the request for damages was incidental to the request for medical monitoring. The court failed to examine the cohesiveness of the suggested class.
{¶ 10} The cause is now before this court pursuant to our acceptance of Brush Wellman’s discretionary appeal.
II. Analysis
{¶ 11} The trial court’s determination that plaintiffs met the requirements of Civ.R. 23(A) was not challenged on appeal. Accordingly, the issue before us is whether the appellate court properly reversed the trial court’s finding that the requirements of Civ.R. 23(B) were not met. As we have previously stated, “while a trial court’s determination concerning class certification is subject to appellate review on an abuse-of-discretion standard, due deference must be given to the trial court’s decision. * * * A finding of abuse of discretion, particularly if the trial court has refused to certify, should be made cautiously.” Marks v. C.P. Chem. Co. (1987), 31 Ohio St.3d 200, 201, 31 OBR 398, 509 N.E.2d 1249.
{¶ 12} The appellate court, although it correctly described its charge under an abuse-of-discretion analysis, did not follow through with such an analysis. Rather than analyzing whether the trial court’s decision was “so palpably and grossly violative of fact or logic that it evidences not the exercise of will but the perversity of will, not the exercise of judgment but the defiance of judgment, not the exercise of reason but instead passion or bias,” Nakoff v. Fairview Gen. Hosp. (1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 254, 256-257, 662 N.E.2d 1, the appellate court held merely that the trial court “erred.” As this court is charged with considering issues of “public or great general interest,” we do not reverse this case solely on the appellate court’s error but will also examine the propriety of the court’s underlying legal analysis.
{¶ 13} In reversing the trial court, the appellate court focused its attention solely on Civ.R. 23(B)(2), which states that class actions may be maintained if “the party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to the class, thereby making appropriate final injunctive relief or corresponding declaratory relief with respect to the class as a whole.” This rule entails two requirements: (1) the action must seek primarily injunctive relief, and (2) the class must be cohesive.
A. Medical Monitoring as Injunctive Relief
{¶ 14} The first step in this inquiry is to determine whether the relief sought by plaintiffs is injunctive in nature. Our analysis begins with plaintiffs’ motion for class certification. The memorandum in support of the motion discussed at length the appropriateness of class certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(1)(a) and 23(B)(3). The motion briefly discusses Civ.R. 23(B)(2) as an alternative avenue of certification. The plaintiffs, however, stated, “Plaintiffs do not believe that their claim for medical monitoring is one for injunctive relief. Rather, Plaintiffs believe that their claim is one for damages, to recover the costs of adopting and implementing a medical surveillance program. However, if the Court decides to treat Plaintiffs’ claim as one injunctive relief [sic], then class certification under Ohio Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(2) would be appropriate.” The trial court relied heavily, and not inappropriately, upon the plaintiffs’ own characterization of their claim.
{¶ 15} Conversely, the appellate court considered it an error for the trial court to have held that class certification was inappropriate under Civ.R. 23(B)(2). The appellate court acknowledged that there is discordance among the courts, federal and state, on whether medical-monitoring relief is primarily compensatory or injunctive, yet decided this case without meaningful examination of such cases. Moreover, Ohio case law provides scant guidance for this question.
{¶ 16} In Marks v. C.P. Chem. Co., class certification was denied for individuals who had had foam insulation with toxic formaldehyde levels sprayed into their homes. The plaintiffs sought future diagnostic testing for class members in addition to damages. We declined to certify the class under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) because the “provision is inapplicable where the primary relief requested is damages.” Marks, 31 Ohio St.3d at 203, 31 OBR 398, 509 N.E.2d 1249. Marks is not dispositive of this case, however, as it is not clear from the opinion whether we characterized diagnostic testing as damages or whether we merely referred to other damages sought by the plaintiffs.
{¶ 17} More thorough guidance is provided from the federal courts, which have considered this issue on multiple occasions. Zinser v. Accufix Research Inst., Inc. (C.A.9, 2001), 253 F.3d 1180, provides a helpful recitation of the ways in which these cases have been decided. Certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) depends upon what type of relief is primarily sought, so where the injunctive relief is merely incidental to the primary claim for money damages, Civ.R. 23(B)(2) certification is inappropriate. The Zinser court stated, “Courts have split on whether medical monitoring relief is primarily compensatory or injunctive. Depending on the nature of the precise relief sought and the circumstances of the particular case, many courts have declined to certify medical monitoring classes when joined with requests for funding and compensation.” Id. at 1196.
-[¶ 18} The court went on to cite several decisions that declined to certify medical-monitoring classes for various reasons. Boughton v. Cotter Corp. (C.A.10, 1995), 65 F.3d 823, 827 (relief sought was primarily money damages); Cook v. Rockwell Internatl. Corp. (D.Colo.1998), 181 F.R.D. 473, 479-480 (even where relief sought was diagnostic testing and medical screening necessary to facilitate early detection and treatment, because of other relief sought, the suit was primarily one for damages); Arch v. Am. Tobacco Co. (E.D.Pa.1997), 175 F.R.D. 469, 483-485 (plaintiffs’ medical-monitoring program included a fund for treatment, which “drastically alters the nature of the relief requested by plaintiffs,” making it basically a traditional damage claim for personal injury); O’Connor v. Boeing N. Am., Inc. (C.D.Cal.1997), 180 F.R.D. 359, 378-379 (plaintiffs sought establishment of a reserve fund to pay for the cost of the medical-monitoring program, which included medical treatment of disease, as opposed to a court-established medical-monitoring program solely for the purposes of diagnosing disease and sharing information with class members).
{¶ 19} Recognizing the multitudinous variations that these claims may take, the United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio demarcated injunctive versus compensatory relief as follows:
{¶ 20} “Relief in the form of medical monitoring may be by a number of means. First, a court may simply order a defendant to pay a plaintiff a certain sum of money. The plaintiff may or may not choose to use that money to have his medical condition monitored. Second, a court may order the defendants to pay the plaintiffs’ medical expenses directly so that a plaintiff may be monitored by the physician of his choice. Neither of these forms of relief constitute^] injunctive relief as required by rule 23(b)(2).
{¶ 21} “However, a court may also establish an elaborate medical monitoring program of its own, managed by court-appointed court-supervised trustees, pursuant to which a plaintiff is monitored by particular physicians and the medical data produced utilized for group studies. In this situation, a defendant, of course, would finance the program as well as being required by the court to address issues as they develop during program administration. Under these circumstances, the relief constitutes injunctive relief as required by rule 23(b)(2).” Day v. NLO, Inc., 144 F.R.D. at 335-336.
{¶ 22} Court supervision and participation in medical-monitoring cases is a logical and sound basis on which to determine whether the action is injunctive. It has the added advantage of being a bright-line test, which can be readily and consistently applied. We hereby adopt that guideline for making such determinations.
{¶ 23} Plaintiffs in this action seek an order for Brush Wellman to “pay for a reasonable medical surveillance and screening program,” punitive damages in excess of $25,000, and “[interest, costs, attorney fees and such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper.” Although plaintiffs’ merit briefs before this court state that the class sought court-supervised medical monitoring, we can find no such requests in the record below. The trial court did not abuse its discretion by concluding that plaintiffs’ complaint primarily sought damages. Although a request for court supervision could be easily added by an amended complaint, plaintiffs’ lack of cohesiveness is fatal.
B. Cohesiveness
{¶ 24} Plaintiffs’ class certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) fails for lack of cohesiveness. Although this court has not had an opportunity to address the cohesiveness requirement of Civ.R. 23(B)(2) class certification, there are myriad federal cases providing us guidance. Barnes v. Am. Tobacco Co. (C.A.3, 1998), 161 F.3d 127, 142-143, held, “[T]he cohesiveness requirement enunciated by both this court and the Supreme Court extends beyond Rule 23(b)(3) class actions. Indeed, a (b)(2) class may require more cohesiveness than a (b)(3) class. This is so because in a (b)(2) action, unnamed members are bound by the action without the opportunity to opt out.”
{¶ 25} The United States Supreme Court, discussing the (b)(3) predominance requirement, stated:
{¶ 26} “Predominance is a test readily met in certain cases alleging consumer or securities fraud or violations of the antitrust laws. * * * Even mass tort cases arising from a common cause or disaster may, depending upon the circumstances, satisfy the predominance requirement. The Advisory Committee for the 1966 revision of Rule 23, it is true, noted that ‘mass accident’ cases are likely to present ‘significant questions, not only of damages but of liability and defenses of liability, * * * affecting the individuals in different ways.’ Adv. Comm. Notes, 28 U.S.C.App. p. 697. And the Committee advised that such cases are ‘ordinarily not appropriate’ for class treatment. Ibid. But the text of the Rule does not categorically exclude mass tort cases from class certification * * *. The Committee’s warning, however, continues to call for caution when individual stakes are high and disparities among class members great. As the Third Circuit’s opinion makes plain, the certification in this case does not follow the counsel of caution. That certification cannot be upheld, for it rests on a conception of Rule 23(b)(3)’s predominance requirement irreconcilable with the Rule’s design.” Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor (1997), 521 U.S. 591, 625, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 27} In Amchem, plaintiffs sought certification for a class of thousands seeking recovery for asbestos-related claims. The Supreme Court cited the following as impediments to the Amchem class’s cohesiveness: the large number of individuals, their varying medical expenses, disparate claims of those currently injured individuals versus those who had not yet suffered injury, the plaintiffs’ smoking histories, and family situations. Id. at 623-625, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 28} Similarly, in Barnes, the court held that cigarette smokers seeking to establish a class action against tobacco companies failed the cohesiveness requirement because “addiction, causation, the defenses of comparative and contributory negligence, the need for medical monitoring and the statute of limitations present too many individual issues to permit certification. As in Amchem, plaintiffs were ‘exposed to different * * * products, for different amounts of time, in different ways, and over different periods.’ * * * These disparate issues make class treatment inappropriate.” Barnes, 161 F.3d at 143, quoting Amchem, 521 U.S. at 624, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 29} The trial court in this case found sufficient “disparate factual circumstances here, precluding a Rule 23(B)(2) class action.” Although the court did not specifically address those disparate circumstances in the same breath as examining Civ.R. 23(B)(2), the court did go into much detail in its Civ.R. 23(B)(3) predominance analysis, citing multiple individual questions of fact requiring examination for different plaintiffs within the proposed class. Individual questions identified by the trial court include whether Brush Wellman owed a duty, whether there was a breach of that duty, whether the statute-of-limitations defense applies, and questions of contributory negligence. The members of the proposed class span 46 years, multiple contractors, and multiple locations within the plant, and are estimated by the parties to number between 4,000 and 7,000.
{¶ 30} “[Ajbuse of discretion” connotes more than a mere error of law or judgment, instead requiring a finding that the trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 5 OBR 481, 450 N.E.2d 1140. Given the depth of the trial court’s predominance analysis and its reasoned conclusion that individual questions outweigh questions common to the class, we cannot hold that the trial court abused its discretion.
{¶ 31} Rather than addressing the proposed class’s cohesiveness, the appellate court summarily determined that the class could be certified under Civ.R. 23(B)(2). Because we have today determined that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that the proposed class in this suit fails the cohesiveness requirement, we reverse the appellate court judgment and reinstate the trial court’s order denying class certification.
Judgment reversed.
Moyer, C.J., F.E. -Sweeney, Lundberg Stratton and O’Donnell, JJ., concur.
Resnick, J., dissents with opinion.
Pfeifer,- J., dissents.
Alice Robie Resnick, J.,
dissenting.
{¶ 32} This is a simple case involving a request to certify a relatively innocuous class under Civ.R. 23(B)(2). Appellees allege that between 4,000 and 7,000 independent-contractor employees, including themselves, were overexposed to beryllium byproducts while working various stints at one particular beryllium processing and manufacturing plant. They seek (or, if necessary, will amend their complaint to seek) the establishment of a court-supervised medical-monitoring program for purposes of early detection and treatment of a disease that can be contracted only through exposure to beryllium and that is not present in the general population. Appellees claim that “[t]he widespread dispersal of beryllium throughout the Elmore plant, together with the lack of proper air sampling and other monitoring measures, has created a toxic environment that poses a beryllium danger to every contractor employee.”
{¶ 33} While certification of the proposed class might give rise to a limited number of questions peculiar to individual class members, which is the case in virtually all class actions, those inquiries are not likely to vitiate class cohesiveness or diminish class unity to the detriment of absent members. In fact, most of the complexities that are alleged to exist in this case have been artificially inserted and tend to dissipate upon closer analysis. In my opinion, the denial of certification in this case embodies an overly restrictive application of Civ.R. 23 and substantially hinders the remedial purpose of the rule. See Ojalvo v. Bd. of Trustees of Ohio State Univ. (1984), 12 Ohio St.3d 230, 235-236, 12 OBR 313, 466 N.E.2d 875. For these'and the following reasons, I respectfully dissent.
{¶ 34} I agree with the majority that the appropriate test for determining the injunctive nature of a medical-monitoring claim under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) is whether the program sought to be established involves court supervision. This test is decidedly effective in identifying and distinguishing injunctive medical-monitoring relief from compensatory medical-monitoring relief because it homes in on whether the relief is meant to provide the necessary means to facilitate early detection and treatment of a disease or is essentially a damage award for potential injury.
{¶ 35} I also agree that appellees’ position throughout the trial court proceedings was at best ambiguous with regard to the type of medical-monitoring program they were seeking. While appellees did argue in the alternative that they were seeking injunctive relief under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) and damages under division (B)(3), they never actually proposed the option of a court-supervised program. Thus, I agree with the majority that the trial court was well within its discretion in denying certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2) for the reason that appellees, despite their present protests to the contrary, never actually requested a form of medical-monitoring relief at the trial court level that could clearly be considered injunctive in nature.
{¶ 36} As the majority points out, however, “a request for court supervision could be easily added by an amended complaint.” Consequently, if the court chose to conclude its analysis at this juncture, a final disposition of class certification would be needlessly postponed until after the complaint is amended upon remand and the trial court once again “finds the presence of disparate factual circumstances here, precluding a Rule 23(B)(2) class action.” Thus, I also agree with the majority’s decision not to reverse the appellate court’s judgment on this basis, but instead to consider whether the trial court abused its discretion in finding that the proposed class is insufficiently cohesive to warrant certification under Civ.R. 23(B)(2).
{¶ 37} Civ.R. 23(B)(2) permits class actions for injunctive relief where “the party opposing the class has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to the class.” In its “cohesiveness” analysis, the majority essentially (and appropriately) engrafts Civ.R. 23(B)(3)’s predominance requirement onto class actions for injunctive relief under division (B)(2). Although division (B)(2), unlike division (B)(3), contains no specific requirement that “questions of law or fact common to the members of the class predominate over any questions affecting only individual members,” it does require that a proposed class have sufficient unity so that final injunctive relief is appropriate “with respect to the class as a whole.” Considering that both provisions test whether proposed classes are cohesive enough to justify representative litigation, as well as the need to protect unnamed or absent class members who have no opportunity to opt out, the courts have been sufficiently impressed to find that division (B)(2) includes an implicit predominance requirement. See, e.g., Philip Morris, Inc. v. Angeletti (2000), 358 Md. 689, 785, 752 A.2d 200; Thompson v. Am. Tobacco Co. (D.Minn. 1999), 189 F.R.D. 544, 557; In re Diet Drugs Products Liability Litigation (Aug. 26, 1999), E.D.Pa. No. Civ. A. 98-20626, 1999 WL 673066, at * 9-10; Dhamer v. Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (N.D.Ill.1998), 183 F.R.D. 520, 529. It is in the application of that requirement, however, that I believe the majority goes far astray.
{¶ 38} In finding that the class proposed for certification in this case “fails for lack of cohesiveness,” the majority draws heavily, if not exclusively, on Amchem Products, Inc. v. Windsor (1997), 521 U.S. 591, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689, and Barnes v. Am. Tobacco Co. (C.A.3, 1998), 161 F.3d 127, which is astonishing. From the standpoint of cohesiveness, the classes conceived in Amchem and Barnes are completely dissimilar to the present proposed class, and the majority’s very reliance on those cases serves to illustrate the inherent weakness in its position.
{¶ 39} The enormousness and complexity of the endeavor in Amchem are hardly apparent from the majority’s minimizing depiction of that case as involving “a class of thousands seeking recovery for asbestos-related claims.” Amchem involved what is quite possibly the most adventuresome, incoherent, and unwieldy class ever proposed in the history of class-action litigation. The class proposed for certification in Amchem “potentially encompasse[d] hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of individuals * * * [who were], or some day may be, adversely affected by past exposure to asbestos products manufactured by one or more of 20 companies.” Id., 521 U.S. at 597, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689. It included every person who had ever been exposed, either by virtue of his or her own occupation or through the occupational exposure of a spouse or household member, to any asbestos-containing product anywhere in the United States, its territories, or while aboard American ships. Id., 521 U.S. at 602, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689, fn. 5. The high court’s reference to “perhaps millions” of affected individuals is amplified by its reference to sources, including a 1991 Report of the Judicial Conference Ad Hoc Committee on Asbestos Litigation, which estimated that between 13 and 21 million workers had been exposed to asbestos over the last 40 or 50 years, that 200,000 asbestos-related deaths would occur by the year 2000, that several hundred thousand asbestos-related lawsuits had been filed, and that in one recent year, those lawsuits comprised more than six percent of all federal civil filings. Id. at 597-598, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689; see, also, id. at 631, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (Breyer, J., concurring in part and dissenting in part).
{¶ 40} It is not surprising that great factual disparities would exist among the members of such a daunting and amorphous class. By definition, class members were individually exposed to any one of a plethora of variegated asbestos-containing products manufactured by 20 different companies and distributed to different employers throughout the greater United States while working different jobs, at different locations, in different states, under widely divergent circumstances. And these factual disparities were compounded by significant differences in state law, which governed many of the class claims and varied widely on such critical issues as the ability of plaintiffs exposed to asbestos but without manifest injuries to pursue claims for medical monitoring. Id., 521 U.S. at 609-610, 624, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689. In fact, the court based its denial of certification in large part on the absence of any request for compensation to exposure-only claimants on their medical-monitoring claims and the failure to establish a discrete, separately represented subclass of exposed but uninjured claimants who could either vie for a medical-monitoring fund against currently injured plaintiffs seeking generous damage awards or present their claims in a series of statewide or more narrowly defined adjudications. Id. at 604, 606, 611, 626-627, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 41} Moreover, none of the parties in Amchem even attempted to argue that the action could actually be litigated. To the contrary, it was their hope and stated position that because the class was proposed for settlement purposes only, see Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(e), its certification would escape some of the more imposing qualifications under Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a) and (b). The court, in fact, was so flabbergasted by the vastness and disunity of the proposal that it was compelled throughout its opinion to portray the endeavor in such grandiose terms as “global,” “ ‘humongous,’ ” “a class action so large and complex [that it] ‘could not be tried,’ ” “sprawling,” “a grand-scale compensation scheme * * * fit for legislative consideration,” “giant,” and “nationwide.” Id., 521 U.S. at 597, 610, 611, 622, 626, 628, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689, quoting the court of appeals (C.A.3, 1996), 83 F.3d 610, 630, 632. Indeed, the court acknowledged the unique historical composition of the class when it stated, “No settlement called to our attention is as sprawling as this one.” Id. at 624, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 42} This is a far cry from a class of 4,000 to 7,000 Ohio workers claiming exposure to beryllium at a single beryllium manufacturing plant in Elmore, Ohio. In terms of size, complexity, cohesiveness, and unity, comparing Amchem to this case is tantamount to comparing the expanse and intricacies of the entire universe to a marble.
{¶ 43} The majority’s reliance on Barnes is similarly flawed. As with Am-chem, the majority tends to minimize the awesome scope and complexity of the action in Barnes by referring to it as a case of “cigarette smokers seeking to establish a class action against tobacco companies.” Barnes involved a proposed class of over one million Pennsylvania residents who had smoked any of hundreds of different types of cigarettes manufactured by one or more of 16 major American tobacco companies that collectively sold 22.6 billion cigarettes annually in Pennsylvania. Id., 161 F.3d at 130-131, 132-133, 135. Moreover, none of the disparities that precluded certification in Barnes are present here, despite the majority’s attempt to make it appear otherwise.
{¶ 44} The majority relies on an introductory statement in Barnes that enumerates several general issues that the court believed would have to be determined on an individual basis with respect to each class member. In that statement, the court in Barnes summarized what it would conclude from its analysis, i.e., that “addiction, causation, the defenses of comparative and contributory negligence, the need for medical monitoring and the statute of limitations present too many individual issues to permit certification. As in Amchem, plaintiffs were ‘exposed to different * * * products, for different amounts of time, in different ways, and over different periods.’ * * * These disparate issues make class treatment inappropriate.” Barnes, 161 F.3d at 143, quoting Amchem, 521 U.S. at 624, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689.
{¶ 45} On its face, this quote appears to be significant because the present case also involves such generic issues as causation, the need for medical monitoring, and the like. But the majority fails to account for the succeeding discussion in Barnes, which clearly shows that class cohesion was found to be lacking in that case for reasons unique to cigarette litigation and inapposite to the matter at hand. In fact, the quoted paragraph from Barnes concluded with a footnote in which the court explained that “the individual issues raised by cigarette litigation often preclude class certification. * * * Significantly, no federal appeals court has upheld the certification [of] a class of cigarette smokers or reversed a District Court’s refusal to certify such a class.” Id., 161 F.3d at 143-144, fn. 19.
{¶ 46} The primary issue of nicotine addiction, which was found to be a “highly individualistic inquiry” and to play “a central role” in Barnes, 161 F.3d at 144, is simply absent here. This fact is significant, moreover, not only in its own right, but in particular because addiction is what led the court in Barnes to conclude that the generic issue of causation cannot be proved on a classwide basis. Thus, after finding that “addiction is the linchpin of causation in this case,” the court explained that “plaintiffs cannot prove causation by merely showing that smoking cigarettes causes cancer and other diseases. * * * [W]hether defendants caused the injury depends on whether each individual actually is addicted. These are all issues that must be determined on an individual basis.” Id., 161 F.3d at 144, 145.
{¶ 47} The need for medical monitoring was also held to preclude class certification in Barnes for reasons unrelated to the present action. Thus, the court explained:
{¶ 48} “In order to state a claim for medical monitoring [under Pennsylvania law], each class member must prove that the monitoring program he requires is ‘different from that normally recommended in the absence of exposure.’ Redland [Soccer Club v. Dept. of the Army (1997), 548 Pa. 178], 696 A.2d [137] at 146. To satisfy this requirement, each plaintiff must prove the monitoring program that is prescribed for the general public and the monitoring program that would be prescribed for him. Although the general public’s monitoring program can be proved on a classwide basis, an individual’s monitoring program by definition cannot. In order to prove the program he requires, a plaintiff must present evidence about his individual smoking history and subject himself to cross-examination by the defendant about that history. This element of the medical monitoring claim therefore raises many individual issues.” (Emphasis added; footnote omitted.) Id., 161 F.3d at 146.
{¶ 49} This need-for-monitoring problem does not arise in the present case, since it is undisputed that the general public is not exposed to beryllium or in danger of contracting chronic beryllium disease (“CBD”) and that the prescribed tests for detecting CBD, including a positive beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (“BeLPT”), is not normally recommended in the absence of industrial exposure to beryllium. As explained by Brush Wellman, CBD “is a lung disease caused by immunologic response to beryllium particles.” It is “an inherent risk of working with or around beryllium, and the Ohio legislature has specifically identified it as an allowable condition under Ohio Workers’ Compensation Act. Ohio Rev.Code § 4123.68(V) (‘berylliosis’).” The disease is diagnosed on the basis of “a positive BeLPT and evidence of lung granuloma on bronchoscopy.” There is no contention in this case that the BeLPT or any other prescribed test for CBD would be recommended to individual class members had they not been exposed to beryllium.
{¶ 50} Similarly, the following rationale advanced in Barnes for its holding that the statute of limitations raises too many individual questions to permit certification is obviously peculiar to cigarette litigation:
{¶ 51} “Under Pennsylvania law, the statute of limitations starts running when the plaintiffs cause of action accrues; a medical monitoring claim accrues when the plaintiff suffers a ‘significantly increased risk of contracting a serious latent disease.’ Redland, 696 A.2d at 145. Under plaintiffs’ analysis, a cigarette smoker suffers this risk when he reaches the ten or twenty ‘pack-year’ level. * * * Under the pack-year approach to claim accrual, determining when a plaintiffs claim accrued necessitates two individual inquiries for each plaintiff: when he began smoking and how much he has smoked since then. The need to conduct such a determination for each plaintiff * * * makes a class action an improper method for resolving these claims.” Id., 161 F.3d at 149.
{¶ 52} While both the majority and the trial court opine that the statute of limitations will necessitate individual inquiries in this case, neither articulates which statute of limitations is applicable or what individual inquiries might arise. Presumably, they envision individual questions with regard to some discovery standard or form of equitable tolling of whatever statute is applicable. However, this court has held that a trial court abuses its discretion when it denies certification merely because a statute of limitations might bar the claims of some class members, particularly where the class consists of persons who must rely on equitable tolling to overcome a statute-of-limitations defense. See Hamilton v. Ohio Sav. Bank (1998), 82 Ohio St.3d 67, 84, 694 N.E.2d 442.
{¶ 53} Finally, the Barnes court never actually held that any defense other „ than the statute of limitations was sufficient in itself to preclude certification. The court discussed four possible defenses: comparative negligence, contributory negligence, consent, and assumption of risk. Id., 161 F.3d at 146-149. The court expressly declined to “rely on the presence of individual issues with [regard to] the defenses of consent and assumption of risk in reaching [its] decision to affirm class decertification.” Id. at 149. Nor did the court “decide whether the Pennsylvania Supreme Court would apply the Comparative Negligence Act to plaintiffs’ negligence claim.” Id. at 147. Instead, the court suggested that the defendants would have available either a comparative-negligence or a contributory-negligence defense. But the court did not find that the availability of either defense would justify a denial of certification. To the contrary, the court “explicitly acknowledge[d] that the existence of affirmative defenses as to some class members may not by itself [be] enough [to] warrant the denial of certification,” which then compelled the court to “note that the defenses are only one of many matters raising individual issues in this case.” Id. at 147, fn. 25.
{¶ 54} One would expect that if other cases are to serve as guidance in the present matter, they ought to involve the certification of fairly comparable classes. Yet no two classes could be more distinct from the present class in terms of cohesiveness than those proposed for certification in Amchem and Barnes. Those cases involved truly colossal classes of diffuse individuals asserting an entire universe of products-liability claims against all the major manufacturers of a potentially toxic product. They are markedly different from this case in terms of class size, the nature of the claims presented and the number of defendants against whom they are asserted, the geographical range of exposure, the multiplicity and variety of products to which individual class members were exposed, the relevance of past medical histories, and other important factors bearing on the issue of class cohesion.
{¶ 55} It would be far more appropriate to review Fed.R.Civ.P. 23 decisions that involve (1) smaller, less innovative classes of toxic-tort claimants, (2) a single defendant or a limited number of defendants, (3) the release of a toxic substance at a single location or facility or from a single source, (4) claims that are not dependent upon proof of addiction, and (5) the situation where different class members have been exposed to different amounts or levels of a toxic substance over different periods of time.
{¶ 56} In Cook v. Rockwell Internatl. Corp. (D.Colo.1993), 151 F.R.D. 378, property owners who lived near Rocky Flats, a federal weapons-production facility in Denver, Colorado, brought suit against the facility’s successive operators, Dow Chemical and Rockwell International, for allegedly releasing radioactive and other substances into the surrounding area. Plaintiffs sought certification of two classes, one a medical-monitoring class under either Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(2) or (b)(3) and the other a property class under Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3). The medical-monitoring class, which had approximately 43,000 members, included any person who lived within a certain area surrounding the Rocky Flats facility between 1952 and 1989, however brief the period of residence. The property class included all persons or entities owning an interest in any of the approximately 15,000 parcels of property situated within a defined area around the facility.
{¶ 57} The court first discussed the issue of differential and durational exposures under the commonality requirement of Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a)(2):
{¶ 58} “Common questions include whether defendants’ operation of Rocky Flats involved an ultrahazardous activity, premising strict liability, and posed an unreasonable risk of harm, constituting negligence, and/or amounted to interference with the use or enjoyment of property constituting a nuisance. Defendants argue that proof with respect to the foregoing would vary from class member to class member because each claimant lived in the area at different times and would have been affected in a different way by operations of either Dow or Rockwell which varied over time. With these differences, defendants claim that the commonality requirement cannot be met.
{¶ 59} “However, although Dow and Rockwell may have operated the plant at different times and there may have been differing amounts of releases of hazardous substances affecting different individuals at different times, this does not negate that there are some questions of law or fact common to the two classes.” Id., 151 F.R.D. at 385.
{¶ 60} The court then discussed the issue of differential exposures with regard to each proposed class under Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b). With regard to Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(2), the court found:
{¶ 61} “Dow further argues that any injunctive relief will not apply to the class as a whole because of the individualized nature of each individual’s claim. However, common evidence would be required to establish the level and nature of injury or disease by substances released from Rocky Flats and the causal connection, if any, between the release of the substances and any injuries or disease allegedly sustained. Therefore, despite the fact that there would be some issues of individual proof, injunctive relief in the form of medical monitoring would seem appropriate to the class as a whole.” Id., 151 F.R.D. at 388.
{¶ 62} With regard to Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(3) and the property class, the court further explained that although “there are some questions of fact and law in this case which will require individualized proof * * *, including the time when each plaintiff lived in the area, the duration of each plaintiffs stay in the area and possible statute of limitation defenses[,] * * * common issues represent the core of plaintiffs’ action against defendants and to the extent that the claim of each plaintiff depends upon proof concerning these common issues, it would serve no purpose to force multiple trials to hear the same evidence and decide the same issues. As I remarked in Joseph [v. Gen. Motors Corp. (D.Colo.1986), 109 F.R.D. 635, 642], ‘[w]ere plaintiffs to bring separate actions, these questions would necessarily be relitigated over and over, and the same evidence would be presented in each case.’ ” Id., 151 F.R.D. at 388-389.
{¶ 63} In a subsequent decision, the court in Cook decertified the medical-monitoring class because, as it turned out, that class was seeking primarily money damages. However, the court adhered to its previous decision that the medical-monitoring class was sufficiently cohesive to warrant certification and retained certification of the property class. See Cook v. Rockwell Internatl. Corp. (D.Colo.1998), 181 F.R.D. 473, 478, 480.
{¶ 64} Cook is representative of various cases in which similar types of classes of toxic-tort claimants have been certified under Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(b)(2) or (b)(3), despite variations among class members as to times and durations of exposure. Collectively, the courts in these cases recognize that it is not necessary for common issues to completely determine the action in order for the requirements of predominance or class cohesiveness to be satisfied. The very fact that the predominance requirement measures and compares the common and individual questions to be decided in the action means that certification may be warranted despite the mere presence of individual inquiries. The ultimate question is whether there are common issues of liability and whether those issues predominate. These courts also point out that class actions were designed not only as a means for the vindication of small claims, but also to achieve economies of time, effort, and expense. In these cases, especially where multiple products or chemical substances are not involved and where exposure emanates from a single source or occurs at a single facility, it is a waste of judicial economy to require each affected individual to spend days, weeks, or even months presenting the same witnesses, the same exhibits, and the same issues in trial after separate trial. See Elliott v. Chicago Hous. Auth. (Feb. 28, 2000), N.D.Ill. No. 98 C 6307, 2000 WL 263730; Katz v. Warner-Lambert Co. (S.D.N.Y.1998), 9 F.Supp.2d 363; Craft v. Vanderbilt Univ. (M.D.Tenn.1996), 174 F.R.D. 396; Yslava v. Hughes Aircraft Co. (D.Ariz.1993), 845 F.Supp. 705; Day v. NLO, Inc. (S.D.Ohio 1992), 144 F.R.D. 330; Sterling v. Velsicol Chem. Corp. (C.A.6, 1988), 855 F.2d 1188; Jenkins v. Raymark Industries, Inc. (C.A.5, 1986), 782 F.2d 468. Thus, where differential exposures are alleged to create a problem of individualized proof, particularly when the class is broadly defined to include even those persons who were exposed for a brief moment, courts have certified the class while either ordering the plaintiffs to submit amended class definitions or reserving to themselves the right to impose durational exposure requirements as warranted by the evidence at trial. See Elliott; Craft, 174 F.R.D. at 403; Day, supra; see further, Cook, supra, 151 F.R.D. at 384, fn. 1; In re Diet Drugs, supra, 1999 WL 673066, at * 11-13, * 17-18.
{¶ 65} In denying certification in this case, the trial court primarily found that individualized proof would be necessary to resolve the general issue of Brush Wellman’s duty to the various members of the class. Relying on Wellman v. E. Ohio Gas Co. (1953), 160 Ohio St. 103, 51 O.O. 27, 113 N.E.2d 629, and its progeny, the trial court reasoned that a property owner is not ordinarily charged with a duty to protect an independent contractor’s employees from inherent workplace hazards, unless the owner actively participates in the performance of the employee’s work. The trial court relied particularly upon Sopkovich v. Ohio Edison Co. (1998), 81 Ohio St.3d 628, 643, 693 N.E.2d 233, where this court explained that “active participation giving rise to a duty of care may be found to exist where a property owner either directs or exercises control over the work activities of the independent contractor’s employees, or where the owner retains or exercises control over a critical variable in the workplace.” (Emphasis added.) The trial court found, however, that Brush Wellman’s control over the release and levels of beryllium was not sufficient to establish a common duty of care with respect to the class as a whole. In so doing, the trial court agreed with Brush Wellman that under the critical-variable aspect of the active-participation analysis, “a duty arises only where Brush expressly undertook specific responsibilities to protect an individual from exposure and failed to do what it promised to do.” Thus, the trial court appears to conclude that the extent to which Brush Wellman assumed a duty of protection, if at all, would have to be determined on an individual basis, presumably with regard to each project and each independent contractor that performed work at the Elmore plant over the years.
{¶ 66} The problem with the trial court’s analysis, however, is that Wellman is not applicable. And if Wellman is not applicable, the individual questions that are claimed to arise by virtue of its application disappear.
{¶ 67} Under Sopkovich, a property owner owes a duty to an independent contractor’s employees when the owner actively participates in the performance of the contracted-for work, and this occurs where the owner retains or exercises control over a critical variable in the workplace. Conceptually, “active participation” is not really an exception to the no-duty rule of Wellman, even though labeled as such in Sopkovich, 81 Ohio St.3d at 638, 693 N.E.2d 233, but instead defines the limits of its applicability. But regardless of how it is conceptually viewed, Wellman does not apply where the agency or instrumentality of harm is controlled by the owner.
{¶ 68} The trial court’s basic mistake is reading Sopkovich too narrowly. According to the trial court, Sopkovich proposes that the element of control in the critical-variable analysis is satisfied only where the owner makes an express promise to perform a specific duty. In support of this assertion, the trial court relied on the following quote from Sopkovich, 81 Ohio St.3d at 643, 693 N.E.2d 233:
{¶ 69} “Ohio Edison’s participation in this case was clearly limited to the tasks of de-electrification of certain conductors in the work area and the dissemination of correct information concerning which conductors were energized and which had been de-activated. Therefore, as the court of appeals correctly recognized, Ohio Edison’s liability (if any) may only be predicated on a breach of a specific duty that Ohio Edison undertook to perform * *
{¶ 70} Contrary to the trial court’s assertion, however, this quote clearly does not establish a general requirement that an owner’s liability under the critical-variable analysis must be predicated on a breach of an express promise to perform a specific duty. It merely conveys that Ohio Edison exercised critical control in that case by virtue of the fact that it promised to perform a specific duty and that its liability, therefore, was limited to a breach of that duty. If the court meant that in all cases active participation may be found to exist only where a property owner expressly promises the performance of a specific duty, rather than where the owner retains or exercises control over a critical variable, it would have said precisely that. Simply put, an owner’s express promise to perform a duty is one way, but not the only way, to establish that the owner retained or exercised control over a critical variable in the workplace.
{¶ 71} In this case, the instrumentality of harm is the manufacture and processing of beryllium, the release and levels of which were at all times within the exclusive control of Brush Wellman. The alleged overexposure to beryllium in this case did not emanate from the execution of the contracted-for work. Instead, the critical acts that are alleged to have caused the need for medical monitoring are those of Brush Wellman alone. Under these circumstances, it is irrelevant whether Brush Wellman specifically agreed to retain or exercise control over the releases of beryllium dust and fumes, for it never relinquished control over this critical variable. Thus, Brush Wellman’s participation in this case gives rise to a common duty of care with respect to the proposed class.
{¶ 72} This is not to say that the present proposed class should be permanently certified. If it appears at any time that plaintiffs are actually seeking primarily money damages, the trial court may exercise its power to decertify the Civ.R. 23(B)(2) class at that time. Nor am I suggesting that no individual questions are likely to arise. At some point, it may very well become necessary to establish an exposure formula and/or durational exposure requirements for purposes of both causation and class membership. But such devices would be exclusionary in nature and, therefore, eliminate individual issues. Basically, however, the individual questions identified by the trial court are mostly nonexistent, and reliance on them, in my opinion, constitutes an abuse of discretion. The proposed class is relatively small, not large, and certainly not unwieldy. This case does not involve multiple or even successive defendants, but only one defendant. This is not a situation where the risk of contracting various diseases must be traced to any number of different toxic substances. The representatives of the proposed class allege that its class members are at risk of contracting only one particular kind of industrial disease as a result of being exposed to one particular kind of toxic substance while working at a single manufacturing plant.
Waite, Schneider, Bayless & Chesley Co., L.P.A., Stanley M. Chesley and Louise M. Roselle; Lipton Law Offices and Andrew S. Lipton; Mohler Law Office and George Gerken, for appellees.
Jones Day, Jeffery D. Ubersax and Robert S. Faxon, for appellant.
Legal Consulting Services, Inc., and Elisa P. Pizzino; Washington Legal Foundation, Daniel J. Popeo and Richard A. Samp, urging reversal on behalf of amicus curiae Washington Legal Foundation.
O’Melveny & Myers, L.L.P., John H. Beisner and Jonathan D. Hacker, urging reversal for amicus curiae Product Liability Advisory Council, Inc.
Bricker & Eckler, L.L.P., Kurtis A. Tunnell and Anne Marie Sferra, urging reversal for amicus curiae Ohio Manufacturers’ Association.
{¶ 73} For all of the above reasons, I would find that the trial court abused its discretion with regard to the issue of class cohesiveness. I would remand the cause for further proceedings, including the submission of an amended complaint and the conditional certification of the proposed class.
Pfeifer, J., concurs in the foregoing dissenting opinion.
. Civ.R. 23(A) specifies four prerequisites to class actions: “(1) the class is so numerous that joinder of all members is impracticable, (2) there are questions of law or fact common to the class, (3) the claims or defenses of the representative parties are typical of the claims or defenses of the class, and (4) the representative parties will fairly and adequately protect the interests of the class.” Two other requirements are implicit: The class must be identifiable and the representatives must be members of the class. Warner v. Waste Mgt., Inc. (1988), 36 Ohio St.3d 91, 96, 521 N.E.2d 1091.
. Section 2(B)(2)(e), Article IV, Ohio Constitution.
. It is puzzling how there could be an abuse of discretion by a trial court when the judge, in holding against plaintiffs, relies specifically upon the plaintiffs’ stance on the nature of their claim. As we have stated above, however, the appellate court did not properly engage in an abuse-of-discretion analysis.
. Fed.R.Civ.P. 23(a), (b), and (c) are identical to their counterparts in the Ohio rule. As we have previously recognized, “federal authority is an appropriate aid to interpretation of the Ohio rule.” Marks v. C.P. Chem. Co., 31 Ohio St.3d at 201, 31 OBR 398, 509 N.E.2d 1249.
| CASELAW |
Bremen Vier
Bremen Vier (English: Bremen Four) is a radio station from Radio Bremen for the city of Bremen and Bremerhaven in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. It broadcasts a hot adult contemporary format dominated by pop music and has been operating since 1 December 1986. It is targeted at an audience aged 14 to 49.
As of 2023, Bremen Vier has more than 200,000 daily listeners.
History
The first broadcast by Bremen Vier was on 1 December 1986 at 9:05 AM. The first song was "Pop Muzik" by M, and the first host was Jürgen Büsselberg.
In December 2007 the company moved to a new radio station. The last track played was again "Pop Muzik", and the last host was Axel P. Sommerfeld.
Hansawelle programming was broadcast in the mornings before 9 AM until April 1989, when the station's first morning show, Slip, began. From 1999 until 2008 the morning show was Der Dicke und der Dünne (The Fat and the Lean), hosted alternately by Krause and Marcus Rudolph. A new morning show began in January 2009, with Roland Kanwicher and Olaf Rathje, alternating with Jens-Uwe Krause and Tina Padberg.
Programming
Bremen Vier broadcasts from 5 AM to 1 AM. Overnight, the station airs ARD's Popnacht (Pop Night), which is produced by SWR3.
Hosts
• Ansgar Guse
• Arnd Zeigler
• Axel P(atrick) Sommerfeld
• Christina Loock
• Christine Heuck
• Hendrik Plass
• Ike Pauli
• Jan Böhmermann
• Jens-Uwe Krause
• Julia Bamberg
• Keno Bergholz
• Malin Kompa
• Malte Döbert
• Malte Janssen
• Malte Völz
• Olaf Rathje
• Olli Schulz
• Peter Spalek
• Roland Kanwicher
• Teja Adams
• Tina Padberg
Reception
The station can be heard via FM broadcasting in Bremen on 101.2 MHz at 100 kW; in Bremerhaven on 100.8 MHz at 25 kW, and in both cities via DAB+ (6D). A live stream is available on Bremenvier.de. | WIKI |
Trump portrays Clinton as mentally unfit for the White House
Donald Trump slammed Hillary Clinton as “totally unbalanced” during a rally Saturday night, playing up her mental state a day after Clinton said she “short-circuited.” "She took a little short-circuit in the brain, she has problems," the GOP nominee said at a rally in Windham, New Hampshire. "I think the people of this country don’t want somebody who’s going to short-circuit up here." On Friday, Clinton said she may have "short-circuited" when she tried to clarify statements she made in several interviews this past week about her private email server. During testimony before the House Oversight Committee in June, FBI Director James Comey contradicted some of Clinton's public statements, including whether Clinton had material marked classified on her private server. In a 57-minute speech in which he repeatedly consulted his notes and even read off a lengthy fact-check of Clinton’s statements on her email habits, Trump stayed mostly on-message — with none of his usual rehashing of feuds with his GOP primary rivals and others. "False statement No. 1, Hillary Clinton claimed reason for her illegal use of her private, insecure email was that it was more convenient to use just one device," Trump said. "Fact, the FBI director said Hillary used several different devices, not one." "In other words, Hillary's secret email server existed for the reason we all know, to keep her emails from ever being read by the public." Listing statements Clinton had previously made, such as how her email was secured and that she has turned over all of her work-related emails, Trump read statements from Comey that contradicted what Clinton said. "Unstable Hillary, she lacks the judgment, temperament and moral character to lead this country," Trump said at his rally. "She is a totally unhinged person.” "Her greatest achievement is getting out of trouble, it's true," Trump said, prompting chants of "lock her up." "She is a horrible, horrible human being," Trump said. "She’s incompetent, and I don’t think that you can even think of allowing this woman to become the president of the United States." | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
+2 votes
in Programming Languages by (14.6k points)
I want to compute chi-square and p-value for a 2x2 matrix. What Python library should I use to calculate these values?
1 Answer
0 votes
by (25.6k points)
You can perform either a Fisher exact test or Chi-square test to calculate p-value. For chi-square, you need to perform Chi-square test. Scipy library has functions for both of these tests.
Fisher exact test on a 2x2 contingency table
>>> obs
array([[60, 14],
[19, 80]])
>>> from scipy.stats import fisher_exact
>>> oddsratio, pvalue = fisher_exact(obs)
>>> pvalue
1.4292844716515043e-16
>>> oddsratio
18.045112781954888
Chi-square test of independence of variables in a contingency table.
>>> obs
array([[60, 14],
[19, 80]])
>>> chi, pvalue, dof, ex = chi2_contingency(obs)
>>> chi
62.900798319007976
>>> pvalue
2.1738410013620548e-15
>>> dof
1L
>>>
... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Introduction
The Waterbuck is a large antelope species found in sub-Saharan Africa. Known for its impressive appearance and habitat preference near water sources, it is a popular sighting among wildlife enthusiasts.
Physical Features
Waterbucks are robust animals with a distinctive shaggy coat. The males are larger than females, weight (female) 205 – 250 kg and weight (male) 250 – 270 kg. Males are the only ones that will have horns, which are long and curved with ridges or rings along them. The colour of the upper body is brown-grey flecked with white or grey hairs
Waterbuck
Habitat and Behavior
As the name suggests, waterbucks are strongly associated with water-rich environments such as grasslands, savannas, and floodplains. They are excellent swimmers and often take refuge in water when threatened by predators, such as lions or hyenas. Waterbucks form small herds composed of females and their offspring, while males are more solitary.
Where Waterbuck Are Found
In South Africa the Waterbuck are distributed along the major drainage systems of Mpumalanga, Northern Province and northern KwaZulu-Natal. Recently re-introduced at St Lucia and Itala game reserves in KwaZulu-Natal.
Diet
Waterbucks are predominantly grazers, feeding on grasses and aquatic vegetation. Their specialized digestive system allows them to extract nutrients from tough and coarse plant material. They are known to browse on shrubs and trees on occasion as well.
Predators
Lions, cheetahs, leopards, crocodiles, African wild dogs and hyenas.
Conservation Status
The Waterbuck population is currently stable, and the species is not considered endangered. However, habitat loss and hunting pose threats to their long-term survival. Conservation efforts focus on protecting their natural habitats and ensuring sustainable hunting practices.
Interesting Facts
• Waterbucks have a distinct oily secretion that acts as a waterproofing agent for their fur.
• The white ring on the rump of a Waterbuck is thought to act as a “follow me” signal when they flee, helping the herd to stay together.
• Waterbucks are primarily active during the early morning and late afternoon, avoiding the hottest parts of the day.
• Unlike many other antelope species, Waterbucks do not have a specific breeding season. Mating can occur throughout the year.
• Male Waterbucks engage in impressive displays of dominance to establish territories and attract mates. These displays involve running, leaping, and showing off their horns.
• Waterbucks have excellent hearing and eyesight, which help them detect potential threats in their surroundings.
• Their coat coloration can vary among individuals, ranging from grayish-brown to reddish-brown, with a white throat and white patches above the eyes.
• Waterbucks are ruminants, meaning they have a specialized digestive system that allows them to ferment and break down cellulose-rich plant material.
• They have specialized scent glands located under their eyes, which they use to mark their territories and communicate with other individuals.
• Waterbucks have a lifespan of around 15 years in the wild.
• Males join up with bachelor herds once they develop horns at around 7 to 9 months old.
Return to Antelope page. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Atmventhan
Lecturer/ Professor in the Department of Information and Communication Technology at the Limkokwing University of Creative Technology with a wide range of knowledge and experience where I have been a faculty member since 2009. parallelly, working as a Computer Scientist in Center for Research in Computer Science and Engineering since 2019, results-oriented IT Professional with proven leadership skills, Fellow of the ICSES and the IEEE. Cyber security professional with a passion and talent for aligning security architecture, plans, controls, processes, policies and procedures with security standards and operational goals. | WIKI |
God Help the Child
God Help the Child is the 11th and final novel by American writer Toni Morrison. News of the book, as well as the title and opening line, were released in December 2014. The novel's original title, preferred by Morrison herself, is The Wrath of Children.
Release
On February 9, 2015, The New Yorker published an excerpt from the work under the title "Sweetness", the opening lines being: "It's not my fault. So you can't blame me. I didn't do it and have no idea how it happened."
God Help the Child was first published by Alfred A. Knopf on April 30, 2015.
Plot
A young girl with blue-black skin is neglected and abused by the light-skinned parents who are ashamed of her. Lula Ann Bridewell, who calls herself "Bride", is blue-black beautiful, the kind of woman who turns heads wherever she goes. She is tall, elegant, and dresses only in white, the better to reflect her beauty.
But Bride did not always know her beauty or how to wear it. As a child, her mother Sweetness punished Bride for her dark skin, which ended her marriage. Sweetness's husband Louis could not bring himself to love a child with skin as dark as Bride's. "We had three good years," Sweetness tells us, "but when she was born, he blamed me and treated Lula Ann like she was a stranger, more than that, an enemy." Her mother, meanwhile, insisted her child call her Sweetness instead of anything maternal. Later, boyfriends introduced her to their white parents in order to make them upset.
Bride grew up without love, tenderness, affection or apology. Sweetness makes it clear she saw herself as protecting her child from a world that would be even more inclined to punish Bride for the darkness of her skin. While Sweetness will apologize for her child's dark skin, what she will not apologize for is how she sees the world and how she raises her child, saying: "Some of you probably think it's a bad thing to group ourselves according to skin color – the lighter, the better – in social clubs, neighborhoods, churches, sororities, even colored schools. But how else can we hold on to a little dignity?" This is what makes it so difficult to judge Sweetness's choices. She should know better, but it is painfully clear her choices have been shaped by the realities of being black in a white world – a world where the lighter your skin, the higher you might climb.
As a young adult, Bride dates a man named Booker Starbern for a few months. She asks him no questions about his life, though she reveals to him the details of her loveless childhood with Sweetness. After finding out her plan to give gifts to a woman just leaving prison after being convicted of child sexual abuse, Sofia Huxley, Booker tells Bride "You not the woman I want." Once she replies with a snarky response, he leaves her.
Since Bride works in the beauty industry, she brings a gift with skin care products to Sofia. Bride goes to her door and begins to explain how she was one of the students who falsely testified against the ex-teacher. Bride had lied in order to win some affection from Sweetness. This tactic worked, as Sweetness had held hands with Bride in public for the first time. However, Sofia had been kept in prison for 15 years and was mistreated in prison by guards and other inmates because she was convicted of a sex crime against children. Sofia was thus furious with Bride, who had upended her life, believing she was punching the Devil herself as she beat Bride and threw her into the street. Bride did not report the police, who would have sent Sofia back to jail, and so Sofia spent the night crying for the first time since she had been convicted.
Needing support, Bride calls her pseudo-friend and coworker, Brooklyn, a white woman with thick dreads, to help her. Hoping to take Bride's job, Brooklyn verbally supports Bride taking some time away from the office. She knows Bride is lying about being beaten by a man in the street. Brooklyn prides herself on being able to understand people beyond what they say, a skill she developed growing in an unstable home near an uncle by whom she was molested. The one slip up with this ability, she reflects, is when she found Booker naked in Bride's bed reading. She stripped naked and climbed into bed with him, assuming she could seduce him. However, he shows disinterest and returns to his book as she dresses. She believes she simply came on too quickly and that she could have seduced him otherwise.
As Bride recovers, her body begins changing: she loses her curvy figure, her ear piercings heal up, and she begins feeling forgetful. She eventually receives a bill from a repair shop in the mail addressed to Booker. She pays his bill and follows the return address. Bride wrecks her car on the way in a very rural area. She is found by a white girl, Rain, who brings her guardian to get her out of the vehicle. As she heals up and her car is getting fixed, she stays with the couple and Rain, learning that they are poor activists. Rain tells her that her guardians kidnapped her, though she is happy about it. Her birth mother was sex trafficking her, but had kicked her out when she bit one of the men who assaulted her. They found her in the Rain behind a dumpster and carried her home with them. Bride is the only person who lets her speak about her past, and Rain is sad when Bride leaves.
After she heals and leaves, Bride finds Booker's favorite aunt, Queen, and gets advice and Booker's new address from her. She gets in an altercation with Booker and afterward quickly falls asleep. When she wakes up, she learns about Booker's personal history. His favorite brother had been assaulted and killed by a pedophile as a young child. His family tried to not speak about the event or his brother, and Booker felt as though he was the only one who remembered him. This led to him leaving his family and only keeping contact with Queen, who gave him permission to be upset and to hold onto his brother's memory. She understands that he left her because he thought Sofia had actually abused children, and that Bride was forgiving her. Bride explains that she had falsely accused Sofia, and the couple make up.
Shortly after, Queen's house catches on fire from her burning her box-springs outside. Bride and Booker take shifts watching over her at the hospital, though Queen soon passes away. Booker gives Queen a private funeral service, though he is frustrated with his uninspired trumpet playing and throws his instrument away. When he returns to the car, Bride tells him she is pregnant with his child. He responds positively, looking forward to their future.
The book ends with Sweetness having received the news of her grandchild with no return address. She reflects that she was not the best mother, but she argues times were different and since blue-black women were not represented in magazines, she did not think anybody would receive Bride well. She believes that Bride will mess up as a mother in a different but equal way with her child, commenting, "God help the child."
Reception
Morrison and her publishers announced they were publishing the book in December 2014, causing Gawker to jokingly proclaim it the best novel of 2015 based on the synopsis and Morrison's previous work alone. The novel was listed by publications including The Globe and Mail, Publishers Weekly and The New York Times as one of their most anticipated book releases of 2015.
Upon release, the novel received mixed reviews. Artist Kara Walker writing for The New York Times negatively compared the novel to previous works by Morrison, saying that “the abundance of first-person confessionals does little to invite actual intimacy.” Ron Charles writing for The Washington Post compared the novel unfavorably to Morrison's debut novel The Bluest Eye (1970), criticizing the characters in her latest work as people with "no interior life". Similarly the review by Razia Iqbal for The Independent complained that the characters were "too didactic on the page: prototypes for an idea rather than real people."
In a review for The Guardian, writer Roxane Gay concluded: "God Help the Child is the kind of novel where you can feel the magnificence just beyond your reach. The writing and storytelling are utterly compelling, but so much is frustratingly flawed....Yet still, there is that magnificence, burning beneath the surface of every word. The language, shifts in point of view and the audacity of the novel’s premise are overwhelming. Morrison remains an incredibly powerful writer who commands attention no matter the story she is telling." | WIKI |
User:Stav2/sandbox
The ECC M-100 electronic computing machine (M-100 computer) was created in 1958 at the Computing Center No. 1 of the USSR Ministry of Defense (military unit 01168, now TsNII-27 of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation) under the guidance of the outstanding scientist Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov. The speed of the M-100 computer was 100 thousand operations per second - at that time it was the fastest tube computer in the world. The M-100 computer was intended for military calculations and, in particular, for processing information in the country's air defense system coming from all-round radars. The M-100 computer has forever remained the world's most powerful computer of the first generation (on vacuum tubes). The record speed of the M-100 computer was facilitated by the fact that a number of scientific and technical inventions were proposed during its development. In particular, the random access memory (RAM) was made for the first time on ferrite rings, independently developed by the Computing Center No. 1 of the USSR Ministry of Defense. The main thing in the computer "M-100" was the use of the principle of "four-stroke combination of the stages of the cycle of machine commands", developed under the scientific guidance of A.I. Kitov and for which he, together with three of his employees, received a state author's certificate on a special topic No. June 27, 1958 This principle, now known as "pipelining" or "computation parallelism", was created and implemented by the developers of the M-100 computer for the first time in the world. In addition, its amazing, for that time, performance was ensured through the use of a two-level computer RAM architecture developed under the guidance of A.I. Kitov - ultra-fast cache memory and random access memory (RAM) itself. In addition to the hardware implementation (Hardware), a huge complex of software (Software) for military purposes was created for this computer. The M-100 computer was developed as a research computer and, later, was transferred to the test site at the Kiev Higher Radio Engineering School (KVIRTU).
Machine Description Architecture - with separate instruction and operand memory (Harvard architecture) Command system - three-address Operand width - 16 bits Number Format - Fixed Point Command memory - ROM on ferrite cores Operand memory - on ferrite cores of two types (main and super-operational) Element base - electronic lamps | WIKI |
Talk:Afterlife (video game)
List of fate structures?
Is the list of heaven and hell's fate structures really necessary here? It's really not useful except as a curiosity, it's very long, and it doesn't add much to an encyclopedic article. I think we could do without it. --Chrismith 03:52, 18 April 2006 (UTC)
* I did a rewrite of the article; it's not just a list of the fate structures anymore. I'll try to add a screenshot or two sometime soon, and some more external links would be nice, too, if anyone knows of any. --Chrismith 21:31, 25 May 2006 (UTC)
I have changed Avarice to Greed under the list of sins. It seemed more appropriate to use a more common word...?
* It's specifically and exclusively referred to as "avarice" in the game. Chrismith 13:41, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
Windows or DOS or BOTH!?!
I happen to know that this game is DOS game. Did it ship with Windows binaries too? If not then it is not Windows game. It's an dos game which has sertain level of support for working under Windows 95 DOS mode. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dekonegawa (talk • contribs) 16:24, 27 February 2008 (UTC)
* The game indeed ships with Win32 binaries. In fact I've justed tested it and it works without any issue I've noticed on Vista x64 without an compatibility settings (albeit it does recommend a colour depth of 8bit/256 colours when you start, I changed the ini and it stopped saying that but whether it made any difference I don't know). The Win32 setup exe doesn't however seem to work. Well it runs fine but it seems to get stuck when you try to install (playing or reading the readme is fine) and compatibility settings didn't help but I didn't try extensively. Nil Einne (talk) 08:23, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
* Actually it appears I was a bit too hasty. The tutorial doesn't work properly unless you run in either Win 9x compatibility mode (any Windows NT mode isn't enough, e.g. NT4, 2k, XP, 2k3). The voice stops and the tutorial breaks. Also at maximum speed at least, it appears the game doesn't control the time so on modern processors it's way to fast which is problematic given that maximum speed is used by the tutorials. This is unlikely to be related to the OS of course. See also Nil Einne (talk)
Death Threats vs. George Lucas over the game
I know it sounds lame, but there were actual threatening letters about this game sent to George Lucas (who didn't participate in design or production at all, but, hey, people assume...) I saw them posted on Michael Stemmle's (the designer) window. Can't find a reference though. Would be worth adding if someone could. Some Turkish Rush Limbaugh wanna be riled up his radio listeners about the game. - Richfife (talk) 05:10, 23 September 2008 (UTC)
Source
* https://archive.org/stream/UneditedPCGamer_marktrade/PC_Gamer_022u#page/n37/mode/2up | WIKI |
User:Zarita
I am extensively involved in the residential real estate industry on various levels of writing, education and consulting. I am a strong proponent that information should be free and that by sharing knowledge each generation can stand on the shoulders of the previous to create something better.
“The wisest mind has something yet to learn.” George Santayana (1863 - 1952) | WIKI |
User:1241vanpan/COVID-19 pandemic in California
Ten of the first twenty confirmed COVID-19 cases in the United States occurred in California, the first of which was confirmed on January 25, 2020. All of the early confirmed cases were persons who had recently travelled to China, as testing was restricted to this group. On January 29, 2020, as disease containment protocols were still being developed, the U.S. Department of State evacuated 195 persons from Wuhan, China aboard a chartered flight to March Air Reserve Base in Riverside County, and in the process may have contributed to spread within the state and the US at large. On February 5, 2020, the U.S. evacuated 345 citizens from Hubei Province to two military bases in California, Travis Air Force Base in Solano County and Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, San Diego, and were quarantined for 14 days. A state of emergency was declared in the state on March 4, 2020 and as of February 24, 2021 remains in effect. A mandatory statewide stay-at-home order was issued on March 19, 2020 that was ended on January 25, 2021.
, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) has reported 3,441,946 confirmed cumulative cases and 47,446 deaths in the state, the highest number of confirmed cases in the United States, and the 25th-highest number of confirmed cases per capita. It has the highest count of deaths related to the virus, and the 33rd-highest count of deaths per capita. As of February 16, 2021, California administered 6,262,781 COVID-19 vaccine doses, the largest number of doses nationwide, but lags other states in terms of per capita dose administration. The slow rollout of vaccinations, along with the timing and scope of state COVID-19 restrictions, triggered a wide-scale effort to recall the Governor in early 2021.
.......Move the paragraphs below to the timeline section....
On August 19, 2020, Dr. Sonia Y. Angell resigned as the CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer. Governor Gavin Newsom indicated Angell's resignation was related to data issues with the California Reportable Disease Information Exchange (CalREDIE) system that resulted in nearly 300,000 backlogged COVID-19 test results. On August 10, 2020, Sandra Shewry was appointed as acting director and Dr. Erica Pan, California state epidemiologist, was named acting state public health officer.
On October 26, 2020, San Francisco and Oakland phased out Google's sister company Verily's COVID-19 testing system following concerns about patients’ data privacy and complaints about its funding, which despite intention to boost testing in low-income Black and Latino neighborhoods was benefiting higher-income residents in other communities. | WIKI |
Adobe Systems Offers Another Earnings Beat
Adobe Systems (NASDAQ: ADBE) released stronger-than-expected fiscal second-quarter 2019 results on Tuesday after the market close. The creative software specialist credited its expanding product portfolio and a global "explosion in creativity" for driving record revenue -- though it certainly helps that more of that revenue is coming from Adobe's recurring cloud-based subscriptions with each passing quarter.
With shares up around 4% in after-hours trading as of this writing, let's take a closer look at what Adobe Systems had to say.
IMAGE SOURCE: ADOBE SYSTEMS.
Adobe Systems results: The raw numbers
DATA SOURCE: ADOBE SYSTEMS. *FOR THE PERIOD ENDED May 31, 2019.
What happened with Adobe Systems this quarter?
On an adjusted (non-GAAP) basis, which excludes items like acquisition costs and stock-based compensation, net income was $900.6 million, or $1.83 per share, up from $825.4 million, or $1.66 per share in the same year-ago period.
By comparison, Adobe's guidance from March called for lower adjusted earnings of $1.77 per share on revenue of $2.7 billion.
Digital media segment revenue grew 22% year over year to $1.89 billion -- also above guidance for 20% growth -- including Creative revenue of $1.59 billion and Document Cloud revenue of $296 million.
Digital experience segment revenue grew 34% to $784 million, above guidance for 32% growth.
91% of Adobe's revenue this quarter came from recurring sources, consistent with last quarter.
Digital media annualized recurring revenue (ARR) grew $406 million sequentially from last quarter to $7.47 billion, including Creative ARR of $6.55 billion and Document Cloud ARR of $921 million.
Deferred revenue declined sequentially to $3.13 billion from $3.22 billion last quarter, driven by timing with fewer billing cycles in Adobe's fiscal second quarter.
The company generated operating cash flow of $1.11 billion, and repurchased 2.5 million shares this quarter for $659 million. That left $6.6 billion remaining of Adobe's original $8 billion repurchase program (authorized just over a year ago), which is valid through 2021.
What management had to say
"Adobe's continued momentum is being fueled by the explosion of creativity across the globe and the widespread business transformation agenda to deliver engaging customer experiences," stated Adobe Systems CEO Shantanu Narayen. "With an innovative technology platform, exciting product roadmap and strong ecosystem of partners, we are well positioned for the second half of FY19 and beyond."
Looking forward
For the current (fiscal third) quarter, Adobe sees revenue arriving at approximately $2.8 billion, assuming steady 20% growth in digital media segment revenue and 34% growth from the digital experience side. The company also expects net new digital media ARR of $360 million. On the bottom line, Adobe expects adjusted earnings of roughly $1.95 per share.
By comparison -- and while we don't lend much credence to Wall Street's demands -- consensus predictions called for higher fiscal third-quarter 2019 earnings of $2.05 per share on revenue closer to $2.83 billion.
Adobe also opted not to update its annual guidance (though management typically doesn't do so at this point in the year), which most recently contained targets for full fiscal-year 2019 revenue of $11.15 billion, and adjusted earnings per share of $7.80.
Rather, during the subsequent conference call, CFO John Murphy clarified that the company expects its "first-half momentum to continue in the second half, with typical seasonality in Q3 and strength in Q4."
Fair enough. Besides, if the market's initial positive reaction to this report is any indication -- and given Adobe's habit of under-promising and over-delivering -- it seems investors are astutely seeing through the noise of Adobe's seemingly light near-term outlook.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Jimmy Maidment
James Henry Charlton Maidment (28 September 1901 – 12 February 1977) was an English footballer who made 355 appearances in the Football League playing for Southend United, Newport County, Lincoln City, Notts County and Accrington Stanley. He played as a goalkeeper.
Life and career
Maidment was born in 1901 in Southwick, County Durham, the eldest son of Charles Kirtley Maidment, a labourer in a glassworks, and his wife, Amelia née Charlton. At the time of the 1911 Census, Maidment had two younger brothers living; the younger of the two, Tom, also became a professional footballer. His father died in a mining accident while working at Hylton Colliery during the First World War.
Maidment began his football career with Robert Thompson's works team before moving south to join Football League Third Division South club Southend United in 1923. After one season, during which he played infrequently, he moved on to Newport County, on the recommendation of his uncle, Billy Charlton, who was already on the club's books. Over the next six years, he played 220 League matches, missing only two league matches over his first three seasons and, unusually for a goalkeeper, scored three goals, all from the penalty spot. He then spent the 1930–31 season with Lincoln City as their regular goalkeeper, playing alongside his younger brother Tom as Lincoln finished as runners-up in the Third Division North. He spent two seasons in the Second Division with Notts County before finishing his career back in the third tier with Accrington Stanley.
He married Georgina Upton in 1924. The 1939 Register finds him living in West Bridgford, Nottinghamshire, and working as a dairyman. He died in Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire, in 1977 at the age of 75. | WIKI |
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Owning your dream car is an experience like no other, and when that car is a Mercedes there is no real price to put on it. Mercedes is a company that stands for elegance and design. If you are a proud owner of a Mercedes then no wonder that you cherish the Mercedes key that is provided with the car as it is not simple like normal car keys. It comes with enhanced security systems for the safety of your car.
The most common problem with car owners is one of losing your car keys. It doesn’t matter if you own a Mercedes or any other car this is a problem everyone has faced once in their lifetime if not more. But the issue with losing a Mercedes car key is that it costs quite a bit of money to get a new one.
While you might be able to handle the expense but at a point, your mind will not be at ease for spending so much money on such a common mistake that could happen to anybody. We always recommend keeping your car keys safe, but accidents do happen and you might lose them or they might get damaged in a way making it unsuitable for further use. In this case, you need to get a new Mercedes key and if you don’t want to spend the money then this article is for you.
There are many techniques to get a new Mercedes key, but the below-mentioned ones are the best and cheapest ways to replace a Mercedes key.
First way: Get it on Amazon
Over the last few years, Amazon has expanded its global consumer base so much that today there is hardly any kind of product that is not available on the eCommerce platform. Car accessories are not an exception and Amazon even has a specially dedicated section for the cars which is called ‘My garage’. Almost all the things you are looking for your car may be available here.
Now to get the keys for your Mercedes you can’t simply search for it in the search bar. First of all, you need to log in to Amazon with your account and then go to the ‘My Garage’ section. There you need to search for blank keys that are completely unprogrammed and uncut. It might be a little difficult to get the keys you are looking for, so try to refine the search using the filter in the search bar.
You might need to buy the remote for locking and unlocking the cars also. Some of the modern Mercedes cars combine the remote and the key into a single device. Also, make sure that you have found the correct keys for your car and if you have any confusion regarding this then you can search for it on google or any Mercedes forum.
The only two problems with this method are that it takes quite a bit of a time to get the key delivered to you and even after delivery you will need to code the key for your car yourself which everyone is not capable of.
Second way: Contact the local mobile locksmith
This is an important way as it doesn’t matter if you adopt the previous way or not you are going to need someone to cut and code the keys for your car. Getting a mobile locksmith is the best way to get this done. And if unfortunately enough, you have lost all the keys to your Mercedes then the locksmith can come to your house and work on it. It’s very good if you can get a locksmith who specializes in Mercedes cars then he can get your car ready and running on the roads in a few hours at the max.
Some of the locksmiths are good enough to supply you with the keys as well as cut and code it for you. If you happen to get hold of such a mobile locksmith then he can solve your problem easily. It’s better to discuss your problem with the locksmith beforehand as if he thinks that it can be done, then this is a few hours job at the max. Mercedes is one of the first few companies to install electronic locks in their cars making it more secure and developing the keys more difficult hence it’s important to make sure that your locksmith is equipped enough to handle the job at hand.
Third way: Code your key
You can code your key if you are that brave and understand the technicalities of the program. But to give a fair warning that the Mercedes keys are much more complicated to program than other car keys. Also, you need to keep in mind the following points to program a Mercedes key:
• You can only program the older ‘Flip’ Mercedes car keys by yourself. If your car uses the modern Mercedes ‘Smart’ keys then you will have to go to the Mercedes dealer or see an expert as there is no other option.
• The keys that are used as replacements are considered as a spare key and hence the Mercedes car allows you to only create and program the spare key.
• Once you have programmed the spare key you can never reprogram it for another car. But you can reprogram it as many times as needed until you do it right.
• You cannot program a replacement key or master key by yourself and if you have lost that then you need to contact the dealership to get you a new master key.
If all of this goes in vain and you cannot get hold of a locksmith or find the right keys or fail to program it yourself, then as a last resort you have to go to the Mercedes dealership and they will provide you with the master key. It’s not cheap, but the most secure option. The above mentioned three options are the cheapest ways to replace a Mercedes key. If you don’t want to spend a hefty amount of money at the dealership then try out the above methods to easily get the keys replaced and also cut back on the expenses.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much does it cost to replace a Mercedes key?
A new key for your Mercedes will set you back between $200 and $300, though it’s been reported by some Mercedes-Benz owners to cost up to $560.
Thankfully, you don’t need the car with you or even your existing key, but the dealers are usually very strict on verifying ownership. The dealer will order the right key for your car from the VIN number, and you’ll also need your vehicle registration, as well as your driver’s license, passport, or identity card.
You may be able to replace your Mercedes key for cheaper if you check out some other options. For example, you may be able to find blank keys on the ‘My Garage’ section of Amazon. This method will require you to code the keys yourself though, which is a little bit tricky (we cover this later on in the article).
Can a locksmith program a Mercedes key?
Your average locksmith is unlikely to be able to program a Mercedes key, however, if you find your nearest auto locksmith, this is something they may be able to help with.
Most auto locksmiths also offer an emergency mobile roadside service if you need a car key programming or the remote key fob repaired urgently.
Your best bet is to source an auto locksmith who specializes in car key programming. Such locksmiths can usually deal with the following issues:
• Repairing car key fobs and providing replacement fob
• Fixing a remote car key fob
• Fixing a transponder key that is broken/damaged
• Providing a spare transponder key
• Fixing a transponder chip inside the car key remote that is broken or damaged
• Replacing a lost car key fob
• Reprogramming car key fobs
Therefore if you buy a blank pair of keys online, an auto locksmith should be able to reprogram these for you.
How long does it take to get a new Mercedes key?
This depends on where you’re getting your new Mercedes key from. For example, if you’re purchasing a blank one online, you need to factor in how long the delivery time is, and then how long it’ll take an auto locksmith to reprogram the key.
If you’re going direct to a Mercedes-Benz dealership to replace your key, they may need to order the key in which could take several days, although they may give you a temporary replacement key in the meantime.
If you call a local auto locksmith, they may be able to give you an estimated time to replace your key, which will give you a clearer idea of how to proceed.
An auto locksmith is most likely to be the quickest solution, as these are usually equipped to handle emergency repairs or replacements, but you should be sure that they’re an experienced and qualified locksmith as Mercedes keys are specially programmed.
Why are Mercedes keys so expensive?
Locksmiths and dealers usually charge a lot for key replacements simply due to supply and demand. The reality of losing your car key is that you’re likely to need a replacement as soon as possible, which is why we’re usually willing to pay a higher price to get the issue fixed quickly.
That said, Mercedes keys are especially expensive due to the technology they use and the expense of having to program a new key so that your new fob can unlock and start your vehicle. Keyless entries are convenient and are common in today’s cars, and these increase your car’s security by using rolling security codes. Mercedes-Benz was one of the first manufacturers to use this technology and even coined the term “smart key.”
Therefore, it’s worth bearing in mind that these mini electronic devices are extremely advanced and are equipped with circuitry and a battery – so while tiny, they are expensive due to their intricate inner-workings. The Mercedes fob can be expensive on its own, and that’s before you factor in the cost of equipment and labor fees.
How do you start a Mercedes with a dead key?
If your Mercedes key battery has died, and you can’t start your car using the START ENGINE push button, you can get into the car and start the engine manually by following these instructions, which apply to the S-Class, C-Class, GLE-Class, ML-Class, E-Class, GL-Class, SL-Class, and SLK-Class Mercedes.
Here’s how to do this:
• First, use the metal key from your Mercedes key fob to manually unlock the door.
• The alarm will go off when you open the door this way, however, it should stop as soon as you insert the key into the ignition.
• To do this, remove the Start / Stop button from the ignition lock. You can quickly pull it from the ignition. The Start/Stop button will pop out.
• Next, you’ll need to insert your smart key into the ignition (it’ll work even if it’s dead).
• Press the brake pedal and make sure the transmission is in Park position.
• Turn the KEYLESS-GO key in the ignition to start the engine. Release the key as soon as the engine cranks.
• Make sure to save the Engine Start/Stop button so that you can reinsert it once you change the battery in your Mercedes key fob. In the meantime, you will need to start your car by inserting the key into the ignition.
Can I track my Mercedes key?
No, but your dealer can. They can then disable the key and order you a new electronic remote which will wipe out the old one forever.
However, if your key is stolen, it’s worth replacing the mechanical locks too, even though the alarms will be set off if the robber attempts to use the mechanical key.
So in this case, it’s best to replace both the mechanical locks and the electronic key just to be on the safe side. Visit your Mercedes dealer and they will sort out the process and advise you accordingly.
Can I program my own car key?
It’s possible to program your own car key, however, you need to understand the technicalities of the program to be able to do this. Mercedes-Benz keys are also a lot more complex than other car keys.
You can only program the older ‘Flip’ Mercedes car keys. If you own a modern car that’s operated with a ‘smart’ key then you will have to go to the Mercedes dealer or see an expert in order to be able to do this.
As we said, it’s best to leave this in the hands of the experts, as the technology is incredibly complex and only a specialized auto locksmith or dealer will be able to reprogram the key for you.
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Little Cormorant Lake
Little Cormorant Lake is a ground water-seepage freshwater lake with no inflow or outflow that is located south of the Audubon Township in Becker County. The lake has a surface area of 924 to 1067 acre with a maximum depth of about 34 to 35 ft and an average depth of about 17 ft and has many bays and small islands. The lake contains many fish species including Walleye, Yellow Bullhead, Largemouth Bass, Northern Pike, Rock Bass, Yellow Perch, Black Bullhead, Bluegill and Brown Bullhead. Little Cormorant Lake is part of the Cormorant Lakes group. | WIKI |
Constitutional Congress At the Constitutional Congress of 1787, The Delegates frequently used compromise to resolve controversial issues such as, Representation in the Government, Slavery in the new country, and Also the Morality of the Slave Trade. If it wasn’t for the ability of the Founders of our country to compromise, Who knows that the United States of America would have existed at all. The constitution that they wrote over two hundred years ago, still is the basis of our government today, with only few changes. The creators were smart enough to allow room for change and growth, they knew that the document would have to change for future problems, and changes. They were aware that with time the government and the people under that government would have new demands and be faced with many new situations. One thing that the states reached a compromise on at the Constitutional Congress was the Problems concerning, Representation from each state. The larger states wanted the representation to be determined on the state population, The smaller states wanted each state to have an equal amount of representatives. The solution they derived became known as the Great Compromise, They decided that they would have two houses of representatives, one based on the population of the state and the other with an equal; amount of representatives from each sate, therefore each of the two groups got what they wanted. This was also an effective way to divide the powers of the government. Another compromise made between the states was concerning Slavery. The North wanted The Slaves in the south to be accounted for so that they could be counted as people and be taxed. The South wanted the Slaves also to be counted but only for the population count, They knew if they had a higher population then they could have more representatives in the congress, and thus have more power. They Reached a compromise known as the Three/Fifths plan, This plan indicated that three/fifths of the slave population would be accounted for both taxation and towards the population of the state. This way both were happy. Lastly an Agreement was reached between the States on the Slave trade, The north wanted the Slave Trade to be abolished, and for the central government to Regulate commerce. The South needed the slaves for their plantations and they were afraid if the government regulated commerce then they would be taxed on their exports.
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After America was recognized as an independent country from England, the new republic went through almost twenty years worth of trial and error to find a government that would satisfy the needs of the citizens, the states, and the central national government. The most memorable, and influential, action of this time would have to be the Connecticut Compromise, proposed Roger Sherman, following the proposal of the Large and Small State plans at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. This Compromise directly affected the amount of representation from each state, and created the government system we are familiar with today.
The Missouri Compromise had an interesting political action, It depicted the norths disagreement towards slavery was more of a political issue rather than a moral argument. In the early 19th century , the north was populated with abolitionists and radicals, those who believes in abolition. Their main aim was not to stop slavery because it was inhumane, but the fact that white people were becoming unemployed and the south were becoming more powerful.
At the convention, the founders were debating about how many representatives in the Congress should each state allowed to have. For example, James Madison, who came from Virginia, one of the larger states, suggested that representation should be proportional to the state’s population (Hart et al. 109-110). Coming from a state with larger population had influenced Madison’s proposal, for he reasoned that since Virginia has a large population of people, so more representatives are needed to represent more people. However, the states with a smaller population disagreed with this proposal and came up with a proposal that would counter Madison’s proposal. Paterson, who came from New Jersey, one of those states with smaller population, proposed a plan in which equal number of people should be elected from each state for representation in the Congress (Hart et al. 109-110). It was evident to see how coming from a smaller state had affected Paterson’s proposal, for he feared
The north made a compromise which was a wrong decision and was the start to something worse that was what to come. Also the corruption of the government in the north caused the reconstruction to fall apart. (Background Essay paragraph 1) “1876 was an exciting year for America” “So it is great irony of history that the election of 1876 officially crushed the american dream.” The Compromise of 1877 was a compromise that gave both sides what they assumed they wanted. (Background Essay, Paragraph 4) The Compromise was introduced because of the presidential election. The north wanted there president and the south wanted theirs. The Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes against the Democratic Candidate Samuel J. Tilden. So the north wanted to make a compromise and they wanted to give the north and the south what they wanted. The north got their president and the south got the union troops out of the south. (Background Essay Paragraph 5) When Hayes took union troops from the south he was ending the
Throughout the 1800’s many compromises were created with the intent of pulling two nations together to from a more perfect government. The North and the South have different views that created many conflicts between the two parties. Congress continued to address controversial matters with compromises that only benefitted one side or the other and not both. These compromises affected the North and the South; however they started to drastically worsen because both sides had economic, social, and political differences.
The North and South in the years 1800 to 1860 were divided into two different territory which showed their different morale and lifestyle. Both factions conflicting ideas towards the issues affecting the nation. The compromise was made impossible by 1860 due to disagreement over states' rights, intense growth in sectionalism and dispute over the morals of slavery. During the time, the north underwent major social, industrial, and economic changes known as the Antebellum Period. The industrial economy took place in the North while the cotton kingdom took place in the South. The southern states wanted to expand slavery to other countries, while the northern states wanted to limit slavery to the South. In the Election of 1860 when Lincoln was elected, he believed slavery was wrong and made efforts to hold the Union together, Attempts such as the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and the Great Compromise of 1850 to bring reconciliation the North and South were made which led the Tariff/Nullification Controversy. In the early 1800s, the South and North faction made attempts to compromise but f...
The Connecticut Compromise resolved this issue by forming the two houses that we have today. In one house, the Senate, every state is represented equally regardless of population. In the lower house, the House of Representatives each state receives one representative for a set number of people. This satisfied all of the states and helped resolve one of the greatest conflicts while writing the Constitution. Another conflict that arose was with the counting of slaves in the census used to set the number of representatives per state. This was resolved under the Three-Fifths Compromise which stated that every slave would be counted as 3/5 of a person, although these slaves were given no voice or rights.
Since the beginning of their new nation, the United States had many differences between the Northern and Southern states. During the Constitutional Convention they disagreed on how to determine their representation in the house based on population; the Southerners wanted to count their slaves and the Northerners did not, which lead to the three-fifths compromise. Later in the Convention there were concessions given to the South, which left the Northerners feeling uneasy, such as: a guarantee that the slave trade would not be interfered with by Congress until 1808 and slave owners were given the right to recover refugee slaves from anywhere in the United States. While many Northern delegates were disappointed with the rights given to the South, they felt it was necessary for the good of the Nation. This was necessary to form a strong central government and union between the states.
Therefore, in 1787, two delegates by the names of Roger Sherman and James Wilson introduced the Three Fifths compromise in the Philadelphia Convention. The Three Fifths compromise states that a slave be counted as three-fifths of a person. Therefore, the population of the southern states equaled the population of the northern states. Now that the populations were balanced, the south and the north sent the same amount of representatives to The House of Representatives. Pro-slavery southerners felt as if the north still had an advantage, but it was actually the south that had the advantage in the Senate and The House of Rep...
The people of the North and South each believed fiercely in their cause, one for a free people the other for life servitude. Neither group, based on the documents presented were willing to budge regarding their beliefs. They North wanted to abolish slavery completely and the South could not understand why they had to give up their way of life because the concept was so ingrained in them as a people. The two completely different ideals could not co-exist peacefully and therefore the eventual climax of this issue, the war, was an inevitable
There were three major compromises made at the Constitutional Convention. They were The Connecticut Compromise, The Three-Fifths Compromise, and The Slave Trade Compromise. The Connecticut Compromise resolved one of the largest disputes between the large states and the smaller states. The larger states believed they should have representation based on how much land they owned, whereas the smaller states believed they should have equal representation for all regardless of the size of land or the population. The decision that pleased all was the creation of the House of Representatives, which was based on the proportionate size of the population and the Senate which had equal representation for all, two members per colony. After the Connecticut
As previously mentioned, slavery was at the root of most tensions that arose between the North and the South, and the annexation of new land created much conflict concerning the status of slavery. Missouri Compromise dictated that the lands of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36¢ª30¡¯ parallel were to be free of slavery. Democratic senator Douglas, introduced a bill in early 1854 which proposed the division of the Nebraska Territory into two units, Kansas and Nebraska, and the application of his idea of ¡°popular sovereignty¡± which would allow the territorial vote to decide the area¡¯s status concerning slavery. This proposal would, in effect, repeal the Missouri Compromise, which greatly angered abolitionists and Northerners. Douglas and Southern supporters won a congressional debate and shortly after, the bill was signed. With the passage of this bill, many conflicts arose. Much personal turmoil erupted in the territories with almost immediate tragic results in ¡°Bleeding Kansas.¡± Also, the bill resulted in a complete realignment of the major political parties: The Democrats lost influence in the North and were to become the regional proslavery party of the South, the Whig Party, which had opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, died in the South and was weakened in the North, and a new Republican Party ...
Before we had the Constitution of the United States, we had the Articles of Confederation. However, like every important document in our country’s history, there are always issues that must be fixed in order to have a well-running government. Compromises are agreements or settlements that two or more parties reach. Our present Constitution would not be what it is today without key compromises.
When discussing the makeup of Congress, one must first look to the intent of the framers around creating a bicameral legislature. This would take me to the first section of our class regarding the debates the founding fathers had about equal representation of the states in the Congress.
No matter the problem, compromise usually finds itself solving it. In American history, the Connecticut Compromise is an example of how compromise kept the country from falling into more conflict and confusion that they were already trapped in at the time. There were two plans for the layout of the legislative branch, the New Jersey and Virginia Plans. One favored smaller states by giving each state equal voted and the other favored big states by basing voted on population. At the Constitutional Convention, Roger Sherman proposed the Connecticut Compromise which incorporated both plans by creating a bicameral Congress with one chamber giving two votes to each state and the other basing on population. While the plan did seem to favor the bigger states, the members of the Convention seemed to agree to it and Congress has been using this format to this day. Without it, who knows how bills would be made into laws today or if we would even have a legislative branch. It was thanks to a compromise that America has what it has | FINEWEB-EDU |
Geography of France/Introduction
If you intend to help write or edit this Wikibook, please read the following sections before you begin. If you intend only to read it, briefly read About this Wikibook and then continue on to An Overview of French Geography.
Introduction (this page)
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This is the local manual of style for this book, describing how this book should be laid out. Since this is a Wikibooks, anyone can edit it, but please follow the stylistic instructions given below.
Splash screens
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In this WIkibook splash screens are used in this way:
* Use the template to create hidden splash screens that will expand upon a click:
This should be used mainly on pages about areas in France, for example see Geography of France/The Pacific.
A similar thing can be done along side these splash screens, for example at the head of the French Polynesia section of the Pacific chapter of this book you will find:
To do this you will have to use the template. All instances of this template in this Wikibook must have the paramater "noprint" filled in. This will prevent the contents and the template from showing up in the printed version, as having a huge image on a printed page is annoying. Please do not over use this, as it can become annoying and clog up the page.
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France vs. Metropolitan France
This book emphasis that France is more than just Metropolitan France (the part located in Europe). So please don't caption pictures of European France as "map of France" or "location of France in the EU". If the picture is of only Metropolitan France, say so. | WIKI |
C# LIifxNet Toggle Light Power
I use a nuget package called LifxNet by dotMorten. I can change the color of the bulb and turn it on and off. I now want to have a button that toggles the power of a bulb. I am trying to use the method GetLightStateAsync() in order to check if the light is on or off.
private void btnPower_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var powerState = client.GetLightStateAsync(selectedLight).Result.IsOn;
if (powerState == false)
{
client.SetDevicePowerStateAsync(selectedLight, true);
}
if (powerState == true)
{
client.SetDevicePowerStateAsync(selectedLight, false);
}
}
(Sorry if my formatting on the forum is wrong this is my first post)
when I run this code the entire application hangs. When I pause the code it tells me that the line of code it’s up too is
var powerState = client.GetLightStateAsync(selectedLight).Result.IsOn;
I have tried running it in different ways and I have figured out that it hangs when you add the .Result to the code. If you remove the .Result.IsOn and comment out the if statements then the program will run fine.
I can’t figure out what is wrong and I would appreciate some help.
Late reply so hopefully you’ve already solved this but thought I’d jump in to see if we can help somebody else in the future.
I’ve not played with dotMorten’s library but would first suggest checking if it’s just a generic task issue?
I’d recommend trying it with .GetAwaiter().GetResult() instead of just calling .Result
On a bit of a side note, if you’re trying to understand how to interface with a basic toggle using the UDP packets, I’ve put together a small example in C# while trying to keep it as really basic as possible… Originally it was for my own testing, but hopefully it can help others better understand how to craft the required UDP packets to accomplish these types of tasks.
https://bitbucket.org/joedm/sample-lifx-udp-protocol-with-linqpad-in-c/src/master/LIFX_UDP_Sample.linq | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
History of hip hop dance
The history of hip-hop dances encompasses the people and events since the late 1960s that have contributed to the development of early hip-hop dance styles, such as uprock, breaking, locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping. African Americans created uprock and breaking in New York City. African Americans in California created locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping—collectively referred to as the funk styles. All of these dance styles are different stylistically. They share common ground in their street origins and in their improvisational nature of hip hop.
More than 50 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional street-based dance crews formed in the 1970s in the United States. The most influential groups were Rock Steady Crew, The Lockers, and The Electric Boogaloos who are responsible for the spread of breaking, locking, and popping respectively. The Brooklyn-based dance style uprock influenced breaking early in its development. Boogaloo gained more exposure because it is the namesake of the Electric Boogaloos crew. Uprock, roboting, and boogaloo are respected dance styles but none of them are as mainstream or popular as breaking, locking, and popping.
Parallel with the evolution of hip-hop music, hip-hop social dancing emerged from breaking and the funk styles into different forms. Dances from the 1980s such as the Running Man, the Worm, and the Cabbage Patch entered the mainstream and became fad dances. After the millennium, newer social dances such as the Cha Cha Slide and the Dougie also caught on and became very popular.
Hip-hop dance is not a studio-derived style. Street dancers developed it in urban neighborhoods without a formal process. All of the early substyles and social dances were brought about through a combination of events including inspiration from James Brown, DJ Kool Herc's invention of the break beat, the formation of dance crews, and Don Cornelius' creation of the television show Soul Train.
Beginning of breaking
According to hip-hop activist Afrika Bambaataa and b-boy Richard "Crazy Legs" Colón, the purest hip-hop dance style, breaking (commonly called "breakdancing"), began in the early 1970s as elaborations on how James Brown danced to his song "Get on the Good Foot". People mimicked these moves in their living rooms, in hallways, and at parties. It was at these parties that breaking flourished and developed with the help of a young Clive Campbell. Campbell, better known as DJ Kool Herc, was a Jamaican-born DJ who frequently spun records at neighborhood teenage parties in the Bronx. Jeff Chang, in his book Can't Stop Won't Stop (2005), describes DJ Kool Herc's eureka moment in this way:
* Herc carefully studied the dancers. "I was smoking cigarettes and I was waiting for the records to finish. And I noticed people was waiting for certain parts of the record," he says. It was an insight as profound as Ruddy Redwood's dub discovery. The moment when the dancers really got wild was in a song's short instrumental break, when the band would drop out and the rhythm section would get elemental. Forget melody, chorus, songs—it was all about the groove, building it, keeping it going. Like a string theorist, Herc zeroed in on the fundamental vibrating loop at the heart of the record, the break.
In response to this revelation, Herc developed the Merry-Go-Round technique to extend the breaks—the percussion interludes or instrumental solos within a longer work of music. When he played a break on one turntable, he repeated the same break on the second turntable as soon as the first was finished. He then looped these records one after the other in order to extend the break as long as he wanted: "And once they heard that, that was it, wasn't no turning back," Herc told Chang. "They always wanted to hear breaks after breaks after breaks after breaks." It was during these times that the dancers, later known as break-boys or b-boys, would perform what is known as breaking.
Breaking started out strictly as toprock, footwork-oriented dance moves performed while standing up. Toprock usually serves as the opening to a breaker's performance before transitioning into other dance moves performed on the floor. A separate dance style that influenced toprock is uprock, also called rocking or Brooklyn uprock, because it comes from Brooklyn, New York. The uprock dance style has its roots in gangs. Although it looks similar to toprock, uprock is danced with a partner and is more aggressive, involving fancy footwork, shuffles, hitting motions, and movements that mimic fighting. When there was an issue over turf, the two warlords of the feuding gangs would uprock, and whoever won this preliminary dance battle decided where the real fight would be. Because uprock's purpose was to moderate gang violence, it never crossed over into mainstream breaking as seen today, except for some specific moves adopted by breakers who use it as a variation for their toprock.
Aside from James Brown and uprock, hip-hop historian Jorge "Popmaster Fabel" Pabon writes that toprock was also influenced by "tap dance, Lindy hop, salsa, Afro-Cuban, and various African and Native American dances." From toprock, breaking progressed to being more floor-oriented, involving freezes, downrock, head spins, and windmills. These additions occurred due to influences from 1970s martial arts films, influences from gymnastics, and the formation of dance crews —teams of street dancers who get together to develop new moves, create dance routines, and battle other crews. One b-boy move taken from gymnastics is called the flare, which was made famous by gymnast Kurt Thomas and is called the "Thomas flair" in gymnastics.
B-boys Jamie "Jimmy D" White and Santiago "Jo Jo" Torres founded Rock Steady Crew (RSC) in 1977 in the Bronx. Along with Dynamic Rockers and Afrika Bambaataa's Mighty Zulu Kings, they are one of the oldest continually active breaking crews. For others to get into the crew, they had to battle one of the Rock Steady b-boys—that was their audition, so to speak. The crew flourished once it came under the leadership of b-boy Richard "Crazy Legs" Colón. Crazy Legs opened a Manhattan chapter of the crew and made his friends and fellow b-boys Wayne "Frosty Freeze" Frost and Kenneth "Ken Swift" Gabbert co-vice presidents. RSC was instrumental in the spread of breaking's popularity beyond New York City. They appeared in Wild Style and Beat Street—1980s films about hip-hop culture—as well as in the movie Flashdance. They also performed at the Ritz, at the Kennedy Center, and on the Jerry Lewis Telethon. In 1981, the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts hosted a breaking battle between Dynamic Rockers and Rock Steady Crew. The Daily News and National Geographic covered this event. In 1982, their manager Ruza "Kool Lady" Blue organized the New York City Rap Tour, which featured Rock Steady Crew, Afrika Bambaataa, Cold Crush Brothers, the Double Dutch Girls, and Fab 5 Freddy. This tour traveled to England and France, which spread hip-hop culture to those countries. In 1983, they performed for Queen Elizabeth II at the Royal Variety Performance. The following year, they recorded a song titled "(Hey You) The Rock Steady Crew", which was commercially released. RSC now has satellite crews based in Japan, the United Kingdom, and Italy.
Capoeira debate
Capoeira is an Afro-Brazilian martial art, described by Pabon as "a form of self defense disguised as a dance." Its influence on breaking is disputed and debated; one side believes that breaking came from capoeira, while the other side denies this. Capoeira is hundreds of years older than breaking, and uprock is similar in purpose to capoeira in that both translate aggressive combat movements into stylized dance. Both breaking and capoeira are performed to music and, since both art forms are acrobatic, some moves look similar to each other. However, capoeira is more rule-oriented. One rule in capoeira is that a capoeirista's back can never touch the ground. In contrast, a breaker's back is almost always on the ground, and the only rule in breaking is that you do not touch your opponent during a battle.
Jelon Vieira and Loremil Machado brought capoeira to the United States in 1975. Throughout this decade Vieira taught capoeira workshops in New York City and started a capoeira performance company called Dance Brazil that toured across the United States. In Gerard Taylor's Capoeira: The Jogo de Angola from Luanda to Cyberspace (2005), master capoeira teacher Mestre Acordeon is quoted as saying: "Demonstrations by Mestre Jelon [Vieira] and Loremil Machado are considered by many to be responsible for the incorporation of capoeira movements into breakdancing." Former Village Voice reporter Sally Banes and her colleague, photographer Martha Cooper, witnessed breaking in 1980 while covering Henry Chalfant's photography exhibit of subway graffiti. She wrote of the dance: "Its spatial level called to mind capoeira, the spectacular Brazilian dance cum martial art form that incorporates kartwheels, kicks, and feints low to the ground, but the two were dissimilar enough in shape and timing that capoeira seemed at most only a distant relative, and certainly one the breakdancers weren't acquainted with—at least on a conscious level." In his book Hip Hop Had a Dream (2008), Damien Morgan states: "Breakdancing can have its origins in capoeira, because it does not focus on injuring the opponent; it rather emphasizes skill towards your opponent, to express yourself away from violence... in most cases, it is blatantly obvious to see some of Breakdancing's foundations in Capoeira."
Several breaking practitioners and pioneers tend to side with the camp that does not believe breaking came from capoeira. B-boy Crazy Legs states: "We didn't know what the f-ck no capoeira was, man. We were in the ghetto!" According to Pabon, "Unlike the popularity of the martial arts films, capoeira was not seen in the Bronx jams until the 1990s. Top rockin' seems to have developed gradually and unintentionally, leaving space for growth and new additions, until it evolved into a codified form." B-boy crew Spartanic Rockers adds: "Despite of [sic] many rumours and opinions Breaking didn't originate from Capoeira but during the last few years many moves, steps and freezes of this Brazilian (fight-) dance have inspired more and more B-Girls and B-Boys who integrated them into their dance." B-boy Ken Swift was breaking long before he saw capoeira: "In '78 I started [breaking] and I didn't see it [capoeira] til '92 ... I was around, too—I was in Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, I went around and I didn't see it. What we saw was Kung Fu—we saw Kung Fu from the 42nd Street theaters. So those were our inspirations... when we did the Kung Fu sh-t we switched it up and we put this B-boy flavor into it..."
Funk styles
While breaking was developing in New York City, New York, other styles of dance were developing in California. Unlike breaking, the funk styles—which originated in California—were not originally hip-hop dance styles: they were danced to funk music rather than hip-hop music, and they were not associated with the other cultural pillars of hip-hop (DJing, graffiti writing, and MCing). The funk styles are actually slightly older than breaking due to fact that boogaloo and locking were developed in the late 1960s.
Locking and roboting
Like breaking, the different moves within the funk styles occurred due to the formation of crews. Don "Campbellock" Campbell created locking, and in 1973 founded The Lockers (originally called The Cambellock Dancers) in Los Angeles. Locking is characterized by consistently freezing or "locking" in place while dancing. Campbell developed locking accidentally while pausing in between dance moves when trying to remember how to do the Funky Chicken. He developed routines based on his new style using these pauses or "locks." Chang lists some of the other dance moves performed in locking, including "...points, skeeters, scooby doos, stop 'n go, which-away, and the fancies."
The Lockers made several appearances on Soul Train —the song-and-dance television program featuring funk music, soul music, disco, R&B, and social dancing. They also appeared on The Carol Burnett Show, The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, The Dick Van Dyke Show, and Saturday Night Live. Three original members of The Lockers were Toni Basil, who doubled as the group's manager; Charles "Charles Robot" Washington, a pioneer of roboting; and Fred "Mr. Penguin" Berry, who played the character of Rerun on the television show What's Happening!!. Berry left the group in 1976 to be on the show and was replaced by street dancer Tony "Go-Go" Lewis. After The Lockers disbanded, Tony Go-Go went on to open a locking school in Japan in 1985.
Roboting comes from Richmond, California. Before joining The Lockers, Charles Robot had his own dance crew called The Robot Brothers. He was inspired in 1969 by a mime artist named Robert Shields, who would pantomime in front of the Hollywood Wax Museum where he worked. On October 27, 1973, The Jackson 5 performed "Dancing Machine" on Soul Train, which popularized roboting, but this was not the first time the dance had been performed on the show. Charles Robot had performed roboting on Soul Train two years earlier with his dance partner Angela Johnson.
Boogaloo and popping
Boogaloo is a freestyle, improvisational street dance movement of soulful steps and robotic movements which make up the foundations of Popping dance and Turfing; Boogaloo can incorporate illusions, restriction of muscles, stops, robot and/or wiggling. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s - Boogaloo groups in Oakland, CA such as One Plus One, the Black Resurgents and the Black Messengers would help popularize the dance. Boogaloo street dance from Oakland would influence Northern California cities and movements would spread to Fresno via the West Coast Relays. In Fresno, The Electric Boogaloos are another funk styles crew founded in Fresno in 1977 by Sam "Boogaloo Sam" Solomon, Nate "Slide" Johnson, and Joe "Robot Joe" Thomas. Their name was originally The Electric Boogaloo Lockers, but they dropped "Lockers" the following year at the urging of their manager Jeff Kutash after the group moved from Fresno to Long Beach. Boogaloo Sam is credited with innovating popping from earlier boogaloo movements done in Oakland, CA. However, there is disagreement as to whether he created the dances himself or borrowed moves from other street dancers. What is not contested is how influential he and his crew were in exposing popping and boogaloo to mainstream audiences.
Boogaloo is both a style of dance and a style of music. It started out as a fad dance, and several songs were released in the 1960s celebrating it including "Boogaloo Down Broadway", "My Baby Likes to Boogaloo", "Hey You! Boo-Ga-Loo", "Do the Boogaloo," "Boogaloo #3," and "Sock Boogaloo." In response to this song-and-dance craze, Puerto Rican artists in New York City created a style of music called Bugalú (or Latin boogaloo) that combined mambo, soul, and R&B. Singer Joe Cuba was a pioneer of this style.
Although boogaloo was already a fad dance and a music genre in the 1960s, it did not become a dance style until Boogaloo Sam learned it, expanded it, and started performing it in public venues. He was influenced to expand boogaloo by cartoons; the 1960s social dances the Twist, the Popcorn, and the Jerk; and the movements of everyday people. As a dance style, it is characterized by rolling hip, knee, and head movements as if the body has no bones. Electric boogaloo is the signature dance style of The Electric Boogaloos. It is a combination of boogaloo and popping.
Popping is based on the technique of quickly contracting and relaxing muscles to cause a jerk in the dancer's body, referred to as a pop or a hit. Popping is also an inadvertent umbrella term that includes several other illusory dance styles such as ticking, liquid, tutting, waving, gliding, twisto-flex, and sliding. Most of these cannot be traced to a specific person or group and may have influences earlier than hip-hop. Earl "Snake Hips" Tucker was a professional dancer in the 1920s who appeared in the film Symphony in Black and performed at the Cotton Club in Harlem. Since hip-hop did not exist in the 1920s his style was considered jazz, but his "slithering, writhing" movement foreshadowed waving and sliding.
The most recognizable popping move is the moonwalk. In 1983, Michael Jackson performed the moonwalk—called the backslide in popping context — on ABC's Motown 25 television special. This performance popularized the moonwalk all over the world. However, it was not the first time the backslide had been performed on television or on film. Cab Calloway performed the backslide in 1932, and Bill Bailey performed it in the movies Cabin in the Sky (1943) and Rhythm and Blues Revue (1955). Furthermore, in 1982 during a performance in London on Top of the Pops, street dancer Jeffrey Daniel performed the backslide during the song "A Night to Remember".
In the 1970s, while Los Angeles was known for locking and Fresno was known for popping, several other cities in Northern California had their own local funk styles. Sacramento was known for a style called sac-ing, San Jose for dime stopping, and Oakland for snake hitting. The San Francisco crew Granny and Robotroid incorporated stepping moves and JROTC rifle drill movements in their dancing to make a unique funk style called Fillmore strutting. This dance was named after the Fillmore district in San Francisco where Granny and Robotroid were from. Granny and Robotroid performed on the Gong Show in 1976. Although strutting had exposure on national television, it (and the rest of the localized funk styles) faded and never became mainstream.
Terminology
When the movies Breakin' and Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo were released, all the styles of dance performed in those films were put under the "breakdance" label. In addition, Breakin was released outside the United States as Breakdance: The Movie. The media followed suit by calling all represented styles "breakdancing", which caused a naming confusion among the general public. This was problematic for two reasons.
The first reason is that "breakdancing" became an inadvertent umbrella term among the general public for both breaking and the funk styles. The funk styles were created in California independent from breaking, which was created in New York. They are called funk styles because they were originally danced to funk music. This name gives them a separate identity from breaking, which is traditionally danced to break beats.
The second reason this was problematic is that "breakdancing" was originally called b-boying or breaking by the street dancers who created it. A break is a musical interlude during a song—the section on a musical recording where the singing stops and the percussive rhythms are the most aggressive. When 1970s hip-hop DJs played break beats, dancers reacted to those breaks with their most impressive dance moves. DJ Kool Herc coined the terms "b-boys" and "b-girls", which stands for "break-boys" and "break-girls." To describe the movement, the suffix "ing" was added after the word identifying the dancer (b-boying) or the music beat (breaking). According to Timothy "Popin Pete" Solomon, one of the original members of the Electric Boogaloos, and Raquel Rivera, author of the book New York Ricans from the Hip Hop Zone (2003), "breakdancing" is a media-coined term and incorrect.
Dance crews
A dance crew is a team of street dancers who come together to develop new moves and battle other crews. As hip-hop culture spread throughout New York City, the more often breaking crews got together to battle against each other. It was during this time that the different dance moves within breaking developed organically. All styles of hip-hop are rooted in battling, and being a part of a crew was the only way to learn when these styles began because they were not taught in studios: they all started out as social dances. Forming and participating in a crew is how street dancers practiced, improved, made friends, and built relationships. In breaking in particular, battling is how b-boys/b-girls improved their skill.
Aside from Rock Steady Crew, several breaking crews were active in the 1970s such as Mighty Zulu Kings, Dynamic Rockers, New York City Breakers, SalSoul, Air Force Crew, Crazy Commanders Crew, Starchild La Rock, and Rockwell Association. In the same way b-boy crews were active on the east coast of the United States spreading breaking throughout New York, funk crews were also active on the west coast spreading the funk styles throughout California. Aside from The Lockers and The Electric Boogaloos, other funk styles crews such as Medea Sirkas/Demons of the Mind, Black Messengers, The Robot Brothers, The Go-Go Brothers, Granny and Robotroid, and Chain Reaction were active during the 1970s performing on stage. Chain Reaction was a four-man dance crew from Reseda, California, whose members included Thomas "T-Bopper" Guzman-Sanchez, Paul "Cool Pockets" Guzman-Sanchez, Robert "Bosco" Winters, and Mike "Deuce" Donley. Just like The Electric Boogaloos had their own signature dance style called electric boogaloo, Chain Reaction also had their own signature dance style called crossover locking. They performed on the talk show Thicke of the Night and in the movie Xanadu. Xanadu premiered in 1980, four years earlier than the hip-hop dance classics Beat Street and Breakin'. Xanadu was the first time boogaloo, popping, and crossover locking were performed on film. In 1984, T-Bopper created a new dance crew called United Street Force. By invitation, this crew performed at the White House for President Ronald Reagan.
Crews still form based on friendships and neighborhoods. For example, dance crew Diversity—formed in 2007 —consists of brothers and friends from Essex and London. Crews also form for other reasons such as theme (Jabbawockeez), gender (ReQuest Dance Crew), ethnicity (Kaba Modern), dance style (Massive Monkeys), and age (Hip Op-eration). In 2013, Hip Op-eration performed an exhibition routine at the World Hip Hop Dance Championships in Las Vegas. At the time, their youngest member was 66.
In the 1970s, b-boy crews were neighborhood-based and would engage in battles held at local block parties called "jams". Today crews can battle in organized competitions with other crews from around the world. New Zealand crew ReQuest won the Australian-based competition World Supremacy Battlegrounds in 2009 and the American-based competition Hip Hop International in 2009 and 2010. On October 12, 2010, the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture, Sport, and Tourism presented the Certificate of Merit to dance crew Big Toe for winning a variety of international dance competitions. Dance crews are more prevalent in hip-hop, but hip-hop dance companies do exist. Examples include Zoo Nation (UK), Culture Shock (USA), Lux Aeterna (USA), Boy Blue Entertainment (UK), Unity UK (UK), Bounce Streetdance Company (Sweden), and Funkbrella Dance Company (USA).
Social dancing
Hip-hop social dancing (party dancing) began when hip-hop musical artists started to release songs with an accompanying dance. In 1990, rapper MC Hammer created the Hammer dance and popularized it in his music video "U Can't Touch This". The Hammer dance was a social dance that became wildly popular and then faded as the album it was associated with, Please Hammer, Don't Hurt 'Em, lost popularity. Most social dances are short-lived fad dances, some are line dances, and others spawn new dance styles that stay relevant even after the life of the songs they came from come to an end. The development of hip-hop social dancing extends further back than the 1990s with the Charleston, a jazz dance; Chubby Checker's Twist, which was considered rock & roll; several 1970s fad dances made popular by James Brown; and the influence of the television show Soul Train.
The Charleston was created in the 1920s by African-Americans in Charleston, South Carolina as a rebellion against prohibition. It gained popularity once it was embraced by Caucasians, but it was still considered an immoral dance due to its association with alcohol. This dance relied on partnering and eventually led to the creation of Lindy Hop. Lindy Hop and the Charleston fall under the swing dance genre; however, there is a dance move used in breaking that is taken from the Charleston called the Charlie rock. Singer-songwriter Chubby Checker released the song "The Twist" with an accompanying dance of the same name in 1960. He performed the dance on the television show American Bandstand, and the song reached number one in 1960 and 1962. The Twist was the most popular dance craze of the 1960s because it broke away from the trend of partner dancing enabling people to perform on their own.
James Brown was a major contributor to social dance. He popularized several fad dances in the 1970s such as the Mashed Potato, the Boogaloo, and the Good Foot. His accompanying songs to these dances include "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes", "Do the Boogaloo", and "Get on the Good Foot". The song "Do the Boogaloo" influenced Boogaloo Sam when he created the boogaloo dance style, and the Good Foot triggered the creation of breaking. In addition, James Brown also popularized the Funky Chicken, which was a major influence to Don Campbell when he created locking. In an interview with NPR, Lockers' member Adolpho "Shabba Doo" Quiñones stated "We're all children of James Brown... And you know, if James Brown was our father then you'd have to say Don Cornelius was our great uncle."
In 1970, Don Cornelius created Soul Train. Before officially becoming a crew, members of The Lockers made several appearances on this show. They introduced different dance moves such as the Robot, Which-Aways, and the Stop-and-Go during the "Dance of the Week" segment of the broadcast. Disco was very popular during the 1970s, so some dance styles at that time such as waacking and hustle stemmed from disco music rather than funk. Hip-hop became more mainstream in the 1980s, and this surge in interest combined with the popularity of Soul Train kick-started the rise of hip-hop social dancing.
One of the more popular social dances created during the 1980s was the Cabbage Patch. The rap group Gucci Crew II created the dance and introduced it in their 1987 song of the same name, "The Cabbage Patch". Another popular social dance was the Roger Rabbit. This dance imitates the floppy movements of the lead cartoon character as seen in the 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. The rap duo Kid 'n Play created the Kid 'n Play kick-step and performed it in their 1990 movie House Party. It is a variation on the Charleston with elements of the Roger Rabbit and the Running Man. The Running Man is one of the most recognizable hip-hop social dances. According to Essence magazine, Paula Abdul created the Running Man and taught the dance to Janet Jackson when she was working as her choreographer during Jackson's Control era. Jackson further popularized the dance when she performed it in her 1989 music video "Rhythm Nation", and rapper MC Hammer kept the fervor going when he started to do the Running Man in his performances. The pop duo LMFAO brought the Running Man back into the mainstream with their song "Party Rock Anthem", which was named the 2011 song of the summer by Billboard.com. The accompanying dance in the song called The Shuffle combines three social dances: the Running Man, the (half) Charleston, and the T-step.
DJ Troy "Webstar" Ryan and Bianca "Young B" Dupree released the song "Chicken Noodle Soup" in 2006. The dance was so popular, at one point YouTube had over 2,000 video clips of kids performing it. The song sold 335,000 ringtones, but it was not strong enough to sustain momentum for the full length album "Webstar Presents: Caught in the Web", which was not successful. For this reason, the Chicken Noodle Soup song and dance faded. The Dougie comes from Dallas, Texas. The dance was named after the 1980s rapper Doug E. Fresh and popularized in the 2010 song "Teach Me How to Dougie" by the rap group Cali Swag District. According to the Wall Street Journal, the Dougie has been particularly popular as a celebratory dance among professional athletes. In 2010, CNN news anchor Wolf Blitzer performed the Dougie at the Soul Train Music Awards.
Line dances
The Cha Cha Slide, the Cupid Shuffle, and the Soulja Boy are examples of urban line dances that were created from hip-hop songs of the same name. These line dances have the same premise as the more widely know Electric Slide. There are variations to the Electric Slide, but the dance is always performed to the song "Electric Boogie" by Marcia Griffiths. In keeping with this tradition, the Cha Cha Slide, the Cupid Shuffle, and the Soulja Boy are always performed to their respective songs.
DJ Willie "Casper" Perry created the song "Cha Cha Slide" in 1996 for a personal trainer in his hometown Chicago. It did not get commercial airplay until 2000 when Chicago radio station WGCI-FM started playing the song as part of its rotation. Soon after, other radio stations across the United States also started playing the song, and this increase in popularity led to a record deal with Universal Music Group. After securing a deal, the label began producing and distributing instructional videos of the dance to nightclubs, which helped spread its popularity. On February 20, 2011, dancers in Anaheim, California set a Guinness world record when 2,387 people performed the dance at the Anaheim Convention Center.
The song "Cupid Shuffle" was released in February 2007 by singer Bryson "Cupid" Bernard from Lafayette, Louisiana. In August 2007, 17,000 people set a world record when they performed the Cupid Shuffle (dance) to his song in Atlanta. The Soulja Boy dance became popular through MySpace when rapper DeAndre "Soulja Boy" Way posted his song "Crank That" to his MySpace page and uploaded an accompanying instructional video showing viewers how to perform the dance. After amassing more than 16 million page views, he was signed to Interscope Records. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 63 Part 1.djvu/1299
16, 1949 the rate of duty representing each such concession identified in the 7th recital of this proclamation shall be applied to articles of a kind provided for in the description of products in the column at the left of said rate; (b) Effective on and after March 16, 1949, the list set forth in the Effective date of 9th recital of said proclamation of December 16, 1947 shall be amended by the deletion therefrom of item 745, and on and after March 16, 61Sat. 1109. 1949 the rate of duty representing each concession provided for in item 745 in part I of said schedule XX, as rectified by the provisions of said protocol of rectifications of March 24, 1948 relating to said item 745, shall be applied to articles of a kind provided for in the description of products in the column at the left of said rate; (c) The provisions of part I of schedule XX of said general agree- 61 Stat. , Pt. 5, ment shall be applied as if the rectifications in said second protocol P. A57. of rectifications specified in the 10th recital of this proclamation had Ande, p. 1264 . appeared in said general agreement on October 30, 1947; (d) Effective on and after December 14, 1948, the provisions of parns II and III and annex I of said general agreement shall be applied as 61 Stat. , Pt. 5, amended by said protocol modifying part II and article XXVI of the PP. A18, A66, A85. general agreement specified in the 10th recital of this proclamation; Ate, p. i26 (e) Effective on and after the day on which said protocol modifying part I and article XXIX of the general agreement specified in the 10th 61iStat., Pt. 5 , recital of this proclamation has been accepted by all the contracting Ante p.1264. parties to said general agreement, the provisions of parts I and III 6pp stat., At. 5, and annex I of said general agreement shall be applied as amended A, 5. by said protocol modifying part I and article XXIX; and (f) The application of the rates, rectifications, and amendments provided for in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) above shall be subject to the applicable terms, conditions, and qualifications set ta., Pt. 5, forth in schedule XX and parts I, II, and III of said general agreement, pp. A157T, A12, A18 , in said protocol of provisional application specified in the 1st recital A66. of this proclamation, and in subdivision (a), other than exception (I) Ante, . 1261. thereof, of said proclamation of December 16, 1947, including any 61Stat.1103. amendments and rectifications of said general agreement and said proclamation which have been proclaimed by the President; and Part II To the end that said exclusive trade agreement specified in the 3rd recital of this proclamation may be carried out, that the list set forth in the 9th recital of said proclamation of January 1, 1948 as amended 62 tat. 1 t - and rectified, shall on and after March 16, 1949 be further amended in the manner indicated in the 9th recital of this proclamation. Ae, p. 128. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Seal of the United States of America to be affixed. DONE at the City of Washington this 8th day of March, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and forty-nine and of [SEAL] the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and seventy-third. HARRY S TRUMAN By the President: DEAN ACHESON Secretary of State 81939-50--PT. --- 80 PROCLAMATIONS--MAR. 8, 1949 1265 63 STAT.]
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User:Stephen C Wells/King of Canada
This is something I am using for practice. It is a list of fictional kings of Canada.
There is nothing whatsoever truthful about this.
I need to use a bit of space to get below the infobox. So I'm using up space.
Hi.
This should do it I think
Early Period
The early period was the period when all Canadian monarchs kept dying without an heir. {| style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable" ! width=22% | Name !! Birth !! width=25% | Marriages !! width=19% | Death
* John I (1867-1891)
* John I (1867-1891) | WIKI |
User:Wudhiga
Dr. Patricia Wudhiga Ogbonnaya JP, from Ahoada West Local Government area of Rivers State Nigeria, is a strong lover of her environment and with full appreciation of the welfare of our youth, women, children and those living with disabilities.
She is a seasoned civil servant of the rank of a permanent secretary who has served in ministries namely; ministry of housing, commerce and industry, environment, chieftaincy and community development, office of the head of service, women affair and currently permanent secretary ministry of education (2015 to present).
Other working experiences include the pioneering of the national examination council (NECO) office in Rivers State; also she was a member of the National Conference.
Dr. Pat. Wudhiga is an advocate of one indivisible Nigeria with peaceful co-existence with one another freedom, peace and justices for all Nigeria.
http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2009/07/06/speaker-urges-fight-against-widowhood-practices/ | WIKI |
User:Derekbridges/sandbox/Nairana class escort carrier
~ Category:United Kingdom military ship templates Category:Netherlands military ship templates | WIKI |
Errigal
Errigal is a 751 m mountain near Gweedore in County Donegal, Ireland. It is the tallest peak of the Derryveagh Mountains and the tallest peak in County Donegal. Errigal is also the most southern and the highest of the mountain chain called the "Seven Sisters" by locals. The other peaks of the Seven Sisters are Muckish, Crocknalaragagh, Aghla Beg, Ardloughnabrackbaddy, Aghla More, and Mackoght.
Geography
Errigal is the most southern, steepest and highest of the mountain chain, called the "Seven Sisters". The Seven Sisters includes Muckish, Crocknalaragagh, Aghla Beg, Ardloughnabrackbaddy, Aghla More, Mackoght and Errigal. The nearest peak is Mackoght (from Irish: Mac Uchta, meaning "son of the mountain-breast") which is also known as Little Errigal or Wee Errigal.
Errigal is known for the pinkish glow of its quartzite in the setting sun. Another noted quality is the ever-changing shape of the mountain depending on what direction you view it from. Errigal was voted 'Ireland's Most Iconic Mountain' by Walking & Hiking Ireland in 2009.
Naming
In legend Errigal is said to have been named by the Fir Bolg who, originating in Greece, came to worship Errigal as they had Mount Olympus.
The name comes from the Old Irish airecal, meaning "oratory". There is no remains of an oratory on the mountain, so it may refer to the mountain as a whole as a place of prayer.
In recent years, there have been numerous erroneous references to Mount Errigal. In 2016, the Republic of Ireland's State tourism authority, Fáilte Ireland, apologised for using the name "Mount Errigal" in its brochure, rather than the proper name. The official name is An Earagail or Errigal. Mount Errigal is the name of a hotel in Letterkenny, County Donegal.
In popular culture
* In the 1985 music video, "In A Lifetime" by Clannad and Bono, several images of Errigal appear.
* In 1990, Errigal features prominently in the music video for The Chills' song, "Heavenly Pop Hit".
* In the 1991 song by Goats Don't Shave called "Las Vegas (In the Hills of Donegal)" contains the line, "To stand on top of Errigal, would give me such a thrill".
* In the 2008 film Hunger, the main protagonist Bobby Sands describes Errigal as a "beautiful sight".
* In the 2011 movie Your Highness, several scenes were shot on Errigal
* In 2012, Irish composer Vincent Kennedy, as part of his music for The Happy Prince, titled a piece: "Snowfall on Errigal"
* The song "Gleanntáin Ghlas' Ghaoth Dobhair", written by Proinsias Ó Maonaigh, begins with the lines:
* "Céad slán ag sléibhte maorga Chondae Dhún na nGall / Agus dhá chéad slán ag an Earagal árd / Ina stua os cionn caor 's call". | WIKI |
Massage is good for your mental health
We’re not going to tell you that there’s some quick fix for weight loss, because it typically takes a lot of consistency, a balanced diet, and an active lifestyle. And anything that claims to be a quick fix or a miracle weight loss solution could range from ineffective to dangerous. However, there are certain things you can do to help you along your weight loss journey, or even weight gain if that’s your goal, and make it easier for you to remain consistent when pursuing your goal.
Let’s look at how massage can support you when managing your weight or physique.
Reducing your stress
The stress hormone, cortisol can play a big role in weight gain or weight loss. Cortisol has been linked with increased amounts of fat, particularly around the stomach, making it harder to lose weight or achieve your goal body shape if you’re experiencing a lot of stress. High levels of stress can also make it difficult to sleep well at night, and your body does a lot of important repairing and recovery while you sleep. Since massage helps you relax, it can make it easier for you to manage your weight by reducing cortisol levels and helping you get a better night’s sleep.
Improve recovery
If you’re working out regularly to try and lose weight or get in better shape, then muscle soreness can slow down your progress. It’s not always a good idea to push through the pain, but you want to stick to your workout regimen to stay consistent. Getting a massage after a workout or the following day can speed up your recovery time and prevent you from getting injured, meaning you’ll be back in the gym or on the road sooner.
It’s hard to stay consistent if you’re feeling low, especially since lots of people turn to food for comfort in that kind of situation. Regular massage can help to manage symptoms of anxiety and depression, and can generally lift your mood. This can help to maintain your motivation levels when working toward a weight loss or fitness goal, and can also help to curb cravings.
Improve circulation
The boost to your circulation that massage causes has lots of great benefits. In terms of weight management and nutrition, it helps your body absorb the nutrients from food more readily, delivering nutrients to your cells and organs more efficiently. It also helps to get rid of toxins from your body.
Adding a weekly massage to your regimen could help to make your weight loss or weight gain journey easier and more enjoyable. Contact Moonstone Massage to find out more about our professional massage services and to book an appointment in Winston Salem, NC. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
What to Do If You Lose Your Car Keys
Losing your car keys is a frustrating experience. Not being able to get into your car is inconvenient and dangerous if you’re stranded in a dark or unfamiliar place. Misplacing or losing your car key was not a big deal not so long before, as you may have a spare key stuck inside your bumper? However, things have changed with the increased advanced features and keyless entry systems in today’s cars.
Depending on your car model and year, you may have a few options to replace your car key. However, it can be a bit expensive in the case of the newer models. The best way to avoid the hassle and expense of replacing your car keys is to take preventive measures, such as keeping a spare key or hiding a key somewhere in your car. If you lose your keys, don’t panic; follow these steps to get back on the road.
Below are the 5 most common car keys and suggestions on what to do if you lose them.
What to Do If You Lose Your Car Keys?
If you have lost your car keys, don’t worry, there are a few things you can do to get back on the road.
1. Check for a spare key: The first thing you should do is check for a spare key. If you have a spare key, you can use it to get into your car and drive to a safe location. If you don’t have a spare key, you can try to find one at a local hardware store or auto parts store.
2. Use a lock pick: If you cannot find a spare key, you may be able to use a lock pick to open your car door. You can purchase a lock pick at a local hardware store or online.
3. Use a Slim Jim: If you’re still unable to get into your car, you can try using a Slim Jim. A Slim Jim is a long, thin piece of metal that can be inserted into the door panel to unlock the door. You can purchase a Slim Jim at a local hardware store or online.
What to do based on car key type?
Based on your car key type, below are suggestions to get your car back on the road.
1- Traditional Car Key
This is the standard key that you can put into your car ignition and start it.
Solution: If you have a spare key, great. If not, you will need to go to a locksmith or dealership and get a new one. In some situations, a locksmith may not be able to assist. You could need to replace the ignition lock cylinder and key with those from the dealer or an independent repair shop.
2- Transponder Key
A transponder key is a key that has a built-in chip that sends a signal to the car’s computer. The computer then disables the ignition if it does not receive the correct signal.
Solution: If you don’t have a spare or backup key, you need to get your vehicle to the dealership or a locksmith that can program a new key. This process can be expensive, and in some cases, the only option may be to replace the ignition lock cylinder and key.
3- Key Fob
A key fob is a small, usually battery-powered device that can remotely unlock and lock your car doors and trunk.
Solution: It’s not a big deal to lose just the fob. You can still unlock and start your vehicle using your key. Fobs are readily available as aftermarket products configurable; no special tool is required. They’re available mostly at auto parts retailers and dealerships for less than $20.
4- Smart Key
A smart key is a key that allows you to unlock and start your car without having to insert the key into the ignition.
Solution: If you don’t have a backup key, you’ll need to tow your car to the dealership. Then order a key (if the dealer doesn’t have one available) and have it linked to your car. These can cost hundreds of dollars to replace, with a potential towing charge on top of that.
5- Car Key Fob and Switchblade Key
A car key fob and switchblade key is a key that has a built-in key blade that can be used to unlock the door. The key fob portion can be used to unlock and lock the doors remotely.
Solution: The switchblade key is expensive compared to the plain fob and costs around $125 to replace. You can find it at any reliable dealership that can be programmed on-site.
Conclusion
Losing your car keys is a real headache. However, by following the tips above, you can get your car running in no time. Always keep a spare car key on hand to avoid inconvenience during an emergency. In case you are looking for the best Automotive Locksmith in Dallas, contact no further than Green Locks & Keys. We are experts in Locksmith and offer programmable keys, chip keys, fobs, and high-security laser keys.
Get in touch with us for car opening or locksmith services now! | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Notarbartolo
Notarbartolo is one of the main aristocratic families of the Sicilian nobility. Originated in the Middle Ages, it gave to the island numerous personalities who have made a significant contribution to its social, political, intellectual and artistic life. The different branches of the family collected, over the centuries, numerous fiefdoms and noble titles.
History
The name of the family derives from Bartolo of Andernach, a descendant of Gerlach of the House of Wangenii of Château de Wangenbourg, since the 5th century lords of "Andermacco in Alsace" (Andernach, castle on the Rhine). Bartolo descended into Italy in 951 a.D. as "signifer" (assistant) of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto I. Returning to Germany to face the threat of the Magyars - which he defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955 - the Emperor appointed Bartolo as governor ("gubernator") of Pisa. At his death, Bartolo was succeeded by his son Lucchino, called by the local population Lucchin di Noterbartolo, "Lucchino (son) of Notarius Bartolo". His descendants lived in Pisa, Siena, Perugia and other cities of medieval Italy, where they were known as knights and men of letters, intermarrying with numerous illustrious families.
As a consequence of the war between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, a descendant belonging to the latter faction, Pietro Notarbartolo Farfaglia, moved in the late 13th century to Catania. Pietro, Royal Secretary of Aragonese King Frederick III of Sicily, obtained by the latter in feudum the control of the city of Polizzi.
In Sicily, the family flourished - at first in Polizzi and, later on, especially in Palermo - gaining numerous fiefdoms and titles and later subdividing in the 16th century in the two main branches of the Princes of Sciara and of the Dukes of Villarosa. Members of both the branches, as well as of the branch of the Princes of Furnari, were Peers of the Realm.
Throughout the centuries, the House of Notarbartolo established tight familiar and economic relationships with many of the most influential Italian families. Just to mention a few, the family intermarried with the Houses of Alliata, Filangeri, Gravina, Grimaldi, Lancia, Moncada, Obizzi, Paternò, Piccolomini, Spucches, Stagno, Tomasi di Lampedusa, Valguarnera, Ventimiglia.
A distinguished representative of the family was the Marquis Emanuele Notarbartolo (1834 - 1893), mayor of Palermo and Director General of the Banco di Sicilia, widely considered as Mafia's first eminent victim in 1893. One of the most important streets of Palermo is dedicated to him, as well as the Notarbartolo Railway Station.
The branch of the Princes of Sciara had as family residence in Palermo the palace of la Zisa, later expropriated by the Italian state in 1955 and appointed World Heritage Site (UNESCO) in July 2015.
Both the main branches of the family of the Princes of Sciara and of the Dukes of Villarosa are still proceeding nowadays.
Prominent members
* Bartolo (d. 979), Secretary of Holy Roman Emperor Otto I, governor of Pisa
* Frederico, priest (d. 1218), was Prince-Bishop of Trento from August 9, 1207 until his death.
* Guido Notarbartolo (d. 1269), commander of the Ghibellines of Florence
* Ludovico Notarbartolo (d. 1320), Ghibelline commander, Admiral of the King of Naples Robert of Anjou
* Pietro Notarbartolo (1270 - 1335), Royal Secretary of Frederick III of Sicily and governor of Polizzi
* Giovanni Notarbartolo (d. 1437), Bishop of Patti
* Ugo Notarbartolo (d. 1615), knight of the SMOM, governor of Palermo's Monte di Pietà, senator
* Francesco Paolo Notarbartolo (1777 - 1823), 4th Prince of Sciara, representing Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies, at the Congress of Vienna
* Emanuele Notarbartolo (1834 - 1893), mayor of Palermo and Director General of the Banco di Sicilia, Mafia's first eminent victim in 1893
* Marco Notarbartolo di Sciara (1902 - 1985), navy officer, aide-de-camp of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and founder of Centro Velico Caprera
* Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara (b. 1948), marine biologist and conservationist
Coat of arms
The emblem of the family was confirmed to admiral Ludovico Notarbartolo by King Robert of Anjou with act dated 14 July 1314. The coat of arms depicts a golden prancing lion on a blue background, crowned and surrounded by seven stars, representing the seven naval victories that members of the Notarbartolo family contributed to obtain during the war against the Ghibellines. | WIKI |
Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire vol 3 (1897).djvu/148
128 THE DECLINE AND FALL legions, would probably defer the passage of the river till the approaching winter. The dexterity of the spies whom he sent into the Gothic camp allured the Barbarians into a fatal snare. They were persuaded that, by a bold attempt, they might surprise, in the silence and darkness of the night, the sleeping army of the Romans ; and the Avhole multitude was hastily embarked in a fleet of three thousand canoes. ^^^ The bravest of the Ostrogoths led the van ; the main body consisted of the remainder of their subjects and soldiers ; and the women and children securely followed in the rear. One of the nights with- out a moon had been selected for the execution of their design ; and they had almost reached the southern bank of the Danube, in the firm confidence that they should find an easy landing and an unguai'ded camp. But the progress of the Barbarians was suddenly stopped by an unexpected obstacle : a triple line of vessels, strongly connected with each other, and which formed an impenetrable chain of two miles and a half along the river. While they struggled to force their way in the unequal conflict, their right rank was overwhelmed by the irresistible attack of a fleet of gallies, which were urged down the stream by the united impulse of oars and of the tide. The weight and velocity of those ships of war broke, and sank, and dispersed, the rude and feeble canoes of the Barbarians ; their valour was ineffectual ; and Alacheus, the king, or general, of the Ostrogoths, perished with his bravest troops either by the sword of the Romans or in the waves of the Danube. The last division of this unfortunate fleet might regain the opposite shore ; but the distress and disorder of the multitude rendered them alike incapable either of action or counsel ; and they soon implored the clemency of the victorious enemy. On this occasion, as well as on many others, it is a difficult task to reconcile the passions and prejudices of the writers of the age of Theodosius. The partial and malignant historian who mis- represents every action of his reign affirms that the emperor did not appear in the field of battle till the Barbarians had been vanquished by the valour and conduct of his lieutenant I'l I am justified, by reason and example, in applying this Indian name to the fiovoivKa of the Barbarians, the single trees hollowed into the shape of a boat, irAjjdei iJiovoivKujv t'/a/SiPdo-oi'Tes. ZosimUS, 1. iv. p. 253 [38]. Ausi Danuvium quondam tranare Gruthungi In lintres fregere nemus : ter niille ruebant Per fluvium plenas cuneis immanibus alni. Claudian, in iv. Cons. Hon. 623. | WIKI |
PINCE 0,0,0,1,0,1,1,0
A reverse engineering tool that'll (hopefully) supply the place of Cheat Engine for linux
#PINCE
PINCE is a front-end/reverse engineering tool for the GNU Project Debugger (GDB), focused on games. But it can be used for any reverse-engineering related stuff. PINCE is an abbreviation for “PINCE is not Cheat Engine”. PINCE’s GUI is heavily “inspired(;D)” by Cheat Engine. PINCE is in development right now, read features part of the project to see what is planned and what is done for now. Also, please read Wiki Page of the project to understand how PINCE works.
Pre-release screenshots:
#Features
- Memory searching [Planned] (The plan is to use libscanmem by wrapping it with a gdb python script) - Variable Inspection&Modification [Done/Basic] * CheatEngine-like value type support: Byte to 8 Bytes, Float, Double, Strings(including utf-8 and zero-terminate strings), Array of Bytes [Done] * Symbol Recognition: Try typing any widely used library function(such as malloc, open, printf, scanf etc) to AddAddressManually dialog [Done] * Automatic Variable Allocation: In AddAddressManually dialog, if your input is in quotes it’s treated as a string, if your input is in curly brackets, it’s treated as an array of variables(for instance: “asdf”=string, {0x00ffba42}=integer(4byte), {0x00000023,0x00513245,..}=array of 2 integers. After pressing OK button PINCE will allocate memory for you to use that variable right away! [Done] * Dynamic Address Table: Drag&drop rows, ctrl+c&ctrl+v between independent PINCE processes, clipboard text analysis(PINCE will try to analyze the contents of the current clipboard and try to pick data from it to convert for address table) [Planned] * Manual Address Table Update: [Done] * Smart casting: PINCE lets you modify multiple different-type values together as long as the input is parsable. All parsing/memory errors are directed to the terminal [Done] * Continuous Address Table Update: You can adjust update timer or cancel updating by modifying settings. Non-stop version is Postponed\Quarterway Done [Done\Only works when the inferior is stopped] * Variable Locking: PINCE lets you freeze(constantly write a value to memory cell) variables [Postponed\Quarterway Done] * Postpone reason: These two features requires thread injection to the target or gdb and PINCE’s injection methods are not perfect yet, I’ve already spent more(read:WAY MORE) time than I should on this, these features are not vital for now, also you have got the options to manually update the table and set the value manually already - Memory View [Done/Basic] * Infinite Scrolling: PINCE automatically disassembles the next available instruction(s) on mouse wheel/scrollbar move. Instruction count can be changed from settings. Hex View also supports this feature [Done] * Following: If you press [space], PINCE automatically analyzes the selected instruction and if any location changing instruction is found, PINCE disassembles the address that’s pointed by the instruction [Done] * Travel History: PINCE records your previous location when you jump to an address explicitly(e.g by pressing [space] or using “Go to expression” etc.). Right click->Back to go back to your previous location(s) [Done] * Bookmarking: Bookmark menu is dynamically created when right clicked in the disassemble screen. So unlike Cheat Engine, PINCE lets you set unlimited number of bookmarks. List of bookmarks can also be viewed from View->Bookmarks in the MemoryView window. Commenting on an address automatically bookmarks it. [Done] * Modify on the fly: PINCE lets you modify registers on the fly. Unlike CE, you can also change XMM and FPU registers. [Done]
- Debugging [Working on it] * Has basic debugging features such as stepping, stepping over, execute till return, break, continue. Has also basic breakpoints. Check wiki for instructions - Code Injection [Working on it] * Run-time injection: Only .so injection is supported for now. In Memory View window, click Tools->Inject .so file to select the .so file. An example for creating .so file can be found in “libPINCE/Injection/”. PINCE will be able to inject single line instructions or code caves in near future [Partially Done?] - GDB Console [Done] * Is the power of PINCE not enough for you? Then you can use the gdb console provided by PINCE, it’s on the top right in main window - Simplified/Optimized gdb command alternatives [Working on it] * Custom scripts instead of using gdb’s x command for reading memory [Done] * Custom scripts instead of using gdb’s set command for modifying memory [Done] - libPINCE- A reusable python library [Current Status:Reusable] * PINCE provides a reusable python library. I’ll write a fully-documented guide about how to use it as soon as the project finishes at basic level. Until that moment, I’ll keep developing libPINCE as modular as possible
- Automatic Trainer Generation: [Planned]
* PINCE provides a trainer auto-generated from current address table on demand by using libPINCE and PyQT5 together
#Installing Automatically Just run sudo sh install.sh in the PINCE directory. Install script currently supports Ubuntu and Debian. See below if the automatic installation fails. #Installing Manually
To install PINCE, run this command chain then compile gdb:
sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
sudo apt-get install python3-pip
sudo apt-get install python3-pyqt5
sudo pip3 install psutil
sudo pip3 install pexpect
###Compiling gdb with python support
Install the packages required for compiling gdb:
sudo apt-get install python3-dev
sudo apt-get install gcc
Then cd to the libPINCE folder and make a folder for gdb:
cd libPINCE
mkdir -p gdb_pince
cd gdb_pince
Download and extract the gdb source code:
wget "http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gdb/gdb-7.11.1.tar.gz"
tar -zxvf gdb-7.11.1.tar.gz
cd gdb-7.11.1
Then compile&install locally:
CC=gcc ./configure --prefix=$(pwd) --with-python=python3 && make && sudo make -C gdb install
Move the contents of gdb/data-directory to share/gdb in case of python part of gdb installation fails:
sudo cp -R gdb/data-directory/* share/gdb/
Finally, create .gdbinit file in home directory and add the line set auto-load safe-path / into it:
cd
touch .gdbinit
echo "\n"$auto_load_command >> .gdbinit
#Running PINCE
Just run sh PINCE.sh in the PINCE directory
###For developers:
sudo apt-get install qttools5-dev-tools (qt5 form designer)
sudo apt-get install pyqt5-dev-tools (pyuic5)
#History - A few weeks till 17/01/2016 : Learned GDB, process of analysis - 17/01/2016-22/01/2016 : Basic design, grasping of Python3 and Pyqt5, proof-testing - 22/01/2016 : First commit - 19/02/2016 : Moved to Github from Bitbucket - 25/02/2016 : First successful implementation of thread injection[Update-08/05/2016 : PINCE now uses linux-inject as a secondary injection method]
- 18/06/2016 : PINCE now supports all-stop mode instead of non-stop mode - 21/06/2016 : Variable Inspection&Modification is finished
- 21/08/2016 : Memory View is finished - 24/08/2016 : PINCE no more uses linux-inject because of licensing and stability issues
#License GPLv3+. See COPYING file for details
#Contact Information Korcan Karaokçu [email protected]
Çağrı Ulaş [email protected]
#Supported platforms - Platforms tested so far: * Kubuntu 14.04 & 16.04(Also tested on x86 variants) * Debian 8.5 * Archlinux(contact with Çağrı Ulaş) - Games&Applications tested so far: * KMines * Torchlight 2 * Skullgirls * Steam * Firefox * WINE Games * FTL * Undertale * Hearthstone(It interrupts itself with SIGUSR1 whenever continued, implementing signal passing on PINCE might be very useful in future)
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korcankaraokcu cagriulas | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Papers on Literature and Art (Fuller).djvu/274
88 he really said them or not. “You say that Shakspeare never meant to express this! What then? his genius meant it!”
The impression Schindler gives of Beethoven differs from that given by Ries or Bettina only in this, that the giant is seen through uncoloured glass; the lineaments are the same in all the three memoirs.
The direction left by Beethoven himself to his biographer is as follows. “Tell the truth with severe fidelity of me and all connected with me, without regard to whom it may hit, whether others or myself.”
He was born 17th Dec. 1770. It is pleasing to the fancy to know that his mother’s name was Maria Magdalena. She died when he was seventeen, so that a cabalistic number repeats itself the magical three times in the very first statement of his destiny.
The first thirty years of his life were all sunshine. His genius was early acknowledged, and princely friends enabled him to give it free play, by providing for his simple wants in daily life. Notwithstanding his uncompromising democracy, which, from the earliest period, paid no regard to rank and power, but insisted that those he met should show themselves worthy as men and citizens, before he would have anything to do with them, he was received with joy into the highest circles of Vienna. Van Swieten, the emperor’s physician, one of those Germans, who, after the labors of the day, find rest in giving the whole night to music, and who was so situated that he could collect round him all that was best in the art, was one of his firmest friends. Prince and Princess Lichnowsky constituted themselves his foster-parents, and were not to be deterred from their wise and tender care by the often perverse and impetuous conduct of their adopted son, who indeed tried them severely, for he was (ein gewaltig natur) “a vehement nature,” that broke through all limits and always had to run his head against a barrier, before he could be convinced of its existence. Of the princess, Beethoven says: | WIKI |
Talk:Scottish Hard Court Championships
Flag icons
It seems a bit odd to have some players with Scottish or English flags, but others with the flag of the United Kingdom. Dunarc (talk) 22:38, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
* Agreed. Best to ask the creating editor why the Scottish flags at all? No other tennis articles do as they all play under the flag of Great Britain. It might be done for an event that only pitted Scotland vs England, but not Scotland vs UK. I went ahead and changed them to standard notation barring some reason I'm not aware of. Fyunck(click) (talk) 23:21, 18 October 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks. Dunarc (talk) 12:56, 19 October 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
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