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How To Check DStv Smart Card Number
How To Check DStv Smart Card Number – Find DStv Decoder IUC Number
Are you a Dstv subscriber? Maybe you are seeking to know how you can check your DStv decoder smart card number.
It is very crucial as a regular subscriber to always keep or know your smart card number.
The DStv smart card number attached to your decoder has many functions, and I will show you that in a moment.
Initially, it was very easy to find.
Even though it is still easy, but nowadays, the new DStv decoders come with an inbuilt smart card, which makes it a bit challenging for most customers to locate it.
If you are stranded and seek to check your Multichoice decoder number, here is the right place to be.
By the end of this DStv Guide, you will know the DStv smart card’s functions and how you can check it.
Before we can proceed, let’s find out the functions or importance of the smart card.
Related article: How To Reset DStv After Payment.
Features & Functions Of DStv IUC Number
The DStv smart card comes in two formats, removal, and non-removable DStv smart card.
What do I mean by non-removable and removable?
Initially, all DStv decoders had a removable smart card, which means you can insert it and remove it at will.
With the non-removable smart card, it is embedded in the decoder, which means it is static, and you can’t remove it, although you can have access to the card number.
The smart card plays a very significant role in making sure your subscription status is always active.
It also validates all commutation between the server and your decoder, which means it conveys encryption keys to decrypt your channels.
Below are some of the primary features and functions of the Dstv smart card:
• It activates your decoder to decrypt locked channels.
• Without the smart card, you can not watch any channel.
• It is a DStv decoder identity number at the customer care center.
• It is used for subscribing to any packages you wish.
Now let find out below to check your card number.
Steps On How To Check Your DStv Decoder Smart Card Number
Checking your DStv card/IUC number is effortless, and it does not take you more than a minute to knows your card number.
Oh yeah.
Remember, if you want to pay for your DStv, you must first get your smart card number.
That is why it is very important to know your card number.
DStv smart card number is an eleven (11) digits number, and so you must always check if it’s up to the number.
Below are the procedures you must follow if you want to know your DStv IUC number:
1. Make sure your DStv decoder is powered off.
2. Hold the decoder and turn it upside down horizontally, with the down part facing upwards.
3. Located a white sticker stacked at her bottom part of the decoder.
4. On the sticker, you will see the IUC number with all numbers without letters.
5. Take a just piece of paper and a pen
6. Write down the 11 digits IUC number on the sticker.
7. You can save that on your phone or keep the piece of paper at a secure place.
That is it.
You just checked your smart card number.
How To Know Your IUC Number Using The Dstv Smart Card
The following are the simple and easy steps you must follow to know your Dstv smart card number:
1. Put off your DStv decoder if it is on.
2. Check the front panel of the decoder you will see a bluish card inserted into your decoder.
3. Pull out the card gently.
4. Make sure you do not bend the card.
5. Turn the card upside down into your palm.
6. You will see your smart card number written boldly on it.
7. Write the card number somewhere safely.
8. Insert back your card number as it was.
9. Now, power on your decoder to see if your card is well inserted.
That is how to know your DStv smart card number.
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How to upload rootfs
How to upload rootfs from running board?
Running systems don’t have the ability to install a new rootfs. This is intended to be installed using flash software from the host PC when the Nano is in recovery mode. However, if this is an SD card model, then you don’t really need to care about that so far as building an SD card goes. You do still need to flash an SD card model in order to have the correct QSPI memory set up for boot with that SD card, but the SD card is more or less able to be set up without being connected to a Jetson.
Hi， we upgrade rootfs from ubuntu18.04 to unbuntu20.04 by online mode, we want upload the rootfs from the device to make an image for production. Do you have some method to upload it, we used emmc module.
You can always take a clone of the rootfs while in recovery mode, which would produce both a “raw” and a “sparse” image of the rootfs (the “raw” image would have suffix “.img.raw”, the sparse image would just have suffix “.img”). Then, if you rename either one to “system.img”, and place it in the “Linux_for_Tegra/bootloader/” directory of the flash software, followed by manually flashing with the “-r” option to “reuse” the image instead of generating a new one, then this is what gets flashed (alone with non-rootfs components).
I am skeptical that an Ubuntu 20.04 image will function correctly unless you went to great pains to keep the original Xorg server release which matches the ABI needed to load the GPU driver. Making 20.04 boot is much more trivial than making it boot with hardware accelerated GPU display.
Note that I never recommend overwriting a rootfs which is the same one as is running, but technically if you were to attempt this, then the cloned image named above would be the image you’d want to write. A raw image is a bit-for-bit exact copy of the original partition (better have a lot of disk space on the host PC), and the sparse image is an image which is smaller by the amount of empty space in the partition (if the partition is full then the sparse image approaches the same size as the raw image). The flash software does not care which form you flash with, and thus the smaller sparse image is faster to flash, but only the raw image can be examined, edited, repaired, so on.
The mksparse application can create a sparse image from a raw image (just use the NULL '0x0` value for the filler).
A typical clone is with the Jetson in recovery mode and something like this from the host PC’s “Linux_for_Tegra/” directory (adjust the “jetson-nano” for your exact model as would be used to flash the Jetson):
sudo ./flash.sh -r -k APP -G my_backup.img jetson-nano mmcblk0p1
(I am assuming an eMMC model…there are important difference with an SD card model, so be sure to always mention your model)
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有司
Etymology
Attested on 's (for some examples see Vogt, 2012 ); earliest attestation is possibly on an unearthed in Dasikong village (大司空村), Anyang, Henan (He, 2018 ).
Noun
* 1) functionary; government official; office holder
* 2) fortuneteller
* 1) fortuneteller
* 1) fortuneteller
Synonyms | WIKI |
Is Sliding Scale insulin effective?
Despite persistent expert recommendations urging its abandonment, the use of sliding-scale insulin remains pervasive in U.S. hospitals. Evidence for the effectiveness of sliding-scale insulin is lacking after more than 40 years of use.
Is Sliding scale insulin recommended?
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) warn that using only sliding scale insulin for treatment is ineffective for most people. It can increase the risk of both high and low blood sugar and of complications if the person needs surgery. Most doctors advise against using this approach.
Is Sliding scale obsolete?
Still, this editorial will focus on the old concept of a sliding scale—a concept that is still alive and well throughout the United States. It is still used by many physicians, and it is still taught to many of our health care students and medical residents.
When do you use insulin sliding scale?
The cornerstone of insulin therapy should be an intermediate- or long-acting insulin accompanied by a rapid-acting insulin for meal coverage. Use the sliding scale only as a supplement to correct acute hyperglycemia.
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Is Sliding scale insulin fast acting?
In most sliding-scale insulin therapy regimens, your blood sugar is taken using a glucometer. This is done about four times a day (every 5 to 6 hours, or before meals and at bedtime). The amount of insulin you get at mealtime is based on your blood sugar measurement. In most cases, fast-acting insulin is used.
What does sliding scale mean for insulin?
A sliding scale varies the dose of insulin based on blood glucose level. The higher your blood glucose the more insulin you take. The Sliding Scale method is more precise than fixed dose insulin in that it takes account of the fact that people’s blood glucose is not always in the normal range before meals.
What is the sliding scale for diabetics?
The term “sliding scale” refers to the progressive increase in pre-meal or nighttime insulin doses. The term “sliding scale” refers to the progressive increase in the pre-meal or nighttime insulin dose, based on pre-defined blood glucose ranges. Sliding scale insulin regimens approximate daily insulin requirements.
What is the sliding scale for novolog insulin?
OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test): Plasma glucose > 200 mg/dL at 2 hours during a 75g OGTT.
Endocrinology.
Insulin Sliding Scale
Blood Glucose Novolog Insulin SQ
151-200 2 units
201-250 4 units
251-300 6 units
Should we prescribe sliding scale insulin alone for patients hospitalized with diabetes?
Should We Prescribe Sliding Scale Insulin Alone for Patients Hospitalized with Diabetes? A retrospective study and expert guidance suggest that many inpatients can be managed with sliding scale insulin alone.
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How do I calculate how much insulin I need?
Divide the total carbohydrates by the insulin to carbohydrate ratio. The result is the amount of insulin units needed. Visit choa.org/diabetes for additional copies. Add the number of units needed for food to the number of units needed to correct blood sugar to get your total dose of insulin (Humalog/Novolog/Apidra).
How much glucose does 1 unit of insulin reduce?
Generally, to correct a high blood sugar, one unit of insulin is needed to drop the blood glucose by 50 mg/dl. This drop in blood sugar can range from 30-100 mg/dl or more, depending on individual insulin sensitivities, and other circumstances.
How many units of Lantus is normal?
The usual starting dose of Lantus for people with type 2 diabetes is 0.2 units/kg. (There are about 2.2 lb/kg.) The maximum starting dose of Lantus is 10 units a day. Lantus is typically taken once a day, not twice a day.
What is the maximum amount of insulin you can take?
When daily insulin doses exceed 200 units/day, the volume of U-100 insulin needed makes insulin delivery challenging. Available insulin syringes can deliver a maximum of 100 units, and insulin pen devices can deliver only 60–80 units per injection.
Can I take Lantus twice a day?
Using Lantus twice daily will double the costs compared to Humulin N, without an increased benefit. However, it’s important to remember that NPH insulin causes a peak in insulin whereas Lantus is “peakless.”
What blood sugar level requires insulin?
Insulin is usually recommended as the initial therapy for diabetes if a person’s HbA1c level at diagnosis is greater than 10% or if someone’s fasting blood glucose level is consistently above 250 mg/dl.
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History of the Staten Island Railway
The Staten Island Railway (SIR) is the only rapid transit line in the New York City borough of Staten Island and is operated by the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority, a unit of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. The railway was historically considered a standard railroad line, but today only the western portion of the North Shore Branch, which is disconnected from the rest of the SIR, is used by freight and is connected to the national railway system.
While the first rail proposal for rail service on Staten Island was issued in 1836, construction did not begin until 1855 after the project was attempted a second time under the name Staten Island Railroad. This attempt was successful due to the financial backing of William Vanderbilt. The line opened in 1860 and ran from Tottenville to Vanderbilt's Landing and connected with ferries to Perth Amboy, New Jersey and New York, respectively. After the Westfield ferry disaster at Whitehall Street Terminal in 1871, the railroad went into receivership and was reorganized into the Staten Island Railway Company in 1873. In the 1880s, Erastus Wiman planned a system of rail lines encircling the island using a portion of the existing rail line, and organized the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railroad in 1880, in cooperation with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O), which wanted an entry into New York. B&O gained a majority stake in the line in 1885, and by 1890 new extensions to the line were in service. In 1890, the Arthur Kill Bridge opened, connecting the island to New Jersey. This route proved to be a major freight corridor. After a period of financial turmoil in the 1890s which saw both B&O and the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railroad company enter bankruptcy, the railroad was restructured as the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway (SIRT), and was purchased by the B&O in 1899.
In 1924, SIRT began electrification of its lines, to comply with the Kaufman Act, which had become law the previous year. New train cars, designed to be compatible with subway service, were ordered, and electric service was inaugurated on the system's three branches in 1925. Through the 1930s and 1940s grade-crossing elimination projects were completed on the three branches. During World War II, freight traffic on the SIRT increased dramatically, briefly making it profitable. In 1948, the New York City Board of Transportation took over all of the bus lines on Staten Island, resulting in a decrease in bus fares from five cents per zone to seven cents for the whole island. Riders of the SIRT flocked to the buses, resulting in a steep drop in ridership. Service on the branches was subsequently reduced. In 1953, the SIRT discontinued service on the North Shore Branch and South Beach Branch. The South Beach Branch was abandoned shortly thereafter while the North Shore Branch continued to carry freight. While the SIRT threatened to discontinue service on the Tottenville Branch, the service was preserved as New York City stepped in to subsidize the operation. The last grade crossings on the line were eliminated in 1965. In 1971, New York City purchased the Tottenville line, and the line's operation was turned over to the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority, a division of the state-operated Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Freight service continued until 1991.
Improvements were made under MTA operations. The line received its first new train cars since the 1920s, and several stations were renovated. The MTA rebranded the Staten Island Rapid Transit as the MTA Staten Island Railway (SIR) in 1994. Fares on the line between Tompkinsville and Tottenville were eliminated in 1997 with the introduction of the MetroCard. In 2010, fare collection was reintroduced at Tompkinsville. A new station on the main line, Arthur Kill, opened in 2017, replacing the deteriorated Nassau and Atlantic stations. It was the first new station opened on the main line in seventy years. While the railway does not serve residents on the western or northern sides of the borough, light rail and bus rapid transit have been proposed for these corridors. Freight service in northwestern Staten Island was restored in the 2000s.
Initial efforts: 1836–1860
The railway's predecessor, the Staten Island Rail-Road Company, was incorporated on May 21, 1836. The charter called for the construction of a single or double-tracked line "commencing at some point in the town of Southfield, within one mile of the steamboat landing at the Quarantine, and terminating at some point in the town of Westfield; opposite Amboy." The proposed line would have run between the present-day locations of Clifton and Tottenville. The 13 mi route had an estimated cost of $300,000. However, the company lost its charter in 1838 because the railroad was not built within two years after it was incorporated.
Attempts to start a rail line on the island were restarted in 1849 and 1850, when residents of Perth Amboy and Staten Island held meetings concerning a possible Tottenville-to-Stapleton line. Like the previous attempt in 1836, they faced financial difficulties, and sought out the help of William Vanderbilt—a son of Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt and a resident of Staten Island. Vanderbilt had conceived of such a railroad as a way to reduce the monopoly of the Camden and Amboy Railroad, which was the only mean of reaching Philadelphia. Passengers would take ferries from New York City to Amboy, the railroad to Camden, and finally a ferry to Philadelphia. Vanderbilt thought his railroad would cut travel times—passengers would take a ferry from New York to Staten Island, then take his railroad, before taking a ferry to Amboy—and eliminate the monopoly of the Camden and Amboy between New York City and its terminus in Amboy. Since the plan conceived by the local residents followed Vanderbilt's proposed route, he helped charter the Staten Island Railroad Company (SIRR) on August 2, 1851, in order to build the rail line. The articles of association for the company were filed on October 18, 1851.
In 1852, the line was expected to cost $322,195. Two possible route options were considered; the first would start at New Ferry Dock in Stapleton, before passing through Rocky Hollow, following the valley between Castleton and Southfield Heights before descending to New Dorp. After going 4 miles through the valley, the line would curve toward Amboy Road before curving southward, passing Billop House, and ending near Biddle's Grove and the Amboy ferries. The second route would start at Vanderbilt's Landing and run through Clifton to New Dorp.
The railroad's charter gave it two years to be built. Like the original plan for the line, however, difficulties were encountered. One problem was the acquisition of property for the line's right-of-way; many property owners refused to sell their land, blocking the proposed line. To prevent the loss of the line's charter, in 1853, the company successfully petitioned for a two-year extension to build the line. In 1853, a bill giving the company the right to operate ferries between New York and Staten Island was passed. Still facing difficulties, in January 1855 the company applied to the New York State Legislature for a three-year extension to complete the project. After all of the property required for the right-of-way was acquired, construction commenced in November 1855. The company, however, had run out of money to complete the line and asked Cornelius Vanderbilt—the sole Staten Island-to-Manhattan ferry operator—for a loan. Vanderbilt agreed to finance the railroad, but changed the northern terminal of the line from Stapleton to Vanderbilt's Landing, his ferry landing further east. Vanderbilt tried to stop competitors who had obtained a lease for the ferry at Vanderbilt's Landing before he could get a lease. He appointed James R. Robinson to build a structure to block his competitors, but on July 28, 1851, people tried to deconstruct the almost-finished structure and threatened to hurt Robinson if he tried to block them. In 1858, Cornelius's son William Vanderbilt was inducted onto the railroad's board of directors.
Opening: 1860
Stockholders and officials took an inaugural ride on the double-track line between Vanderbilt's Landing and Eltingville on February 1, 1860, and passenger operations began on April 23 that year. At Vanderbilt's Landing, passengers continued their passage to Manhattan by ferry. The first locomotive was named "Albert Journeay", after the railroad's president. A second locomotive was added to the line on May 5, 1860; it was named "E. Bancker" after the company's vice-president. The remainder of the line was expected to be completed in a month.
Over the next month, the remainder of the line was built between Annadale and Pleasant Plains as a single-track line, with a passing siding at Huguenot, passing through mosquito-infested land laced with peat bogs and quicksand—an area known locally as Skunk's Misery. It took a lot of time and wood to build the sub-roadbed with logs. It was viewed as unlikely to be a worthwhile investment to double-track the line because of the low passenger volume south of New Dorp. South of Pleasant Plains, the line was double-tracked. The line was extended to Annadale on May 14, 1860, and was completed to Tottenville on June 2, 1860, with a formal opening of the railroad. The completion of the line to Tottenville allowed passengers to transfer to a ferry that crossed the Arthur Kill and allowed passage to Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Initially, services made eleven stops between Vanderbilt's Landing and Tottenville. Many stations were named after nearby large farms, such as Garretson's and Gifford's. The stations built at Eltingville and Annadale—whose namesakes, the Eltings family and Anna Seguine, were influential in paying for the construction of the rail line—were the most elaborate. The arrival of the railroad gave dignity to some locations on Staten Island; "Poverty Hollow" was renamed Rosebank, Oakwood became Oakwood Heights, and other places were renamed with the coming of the railroad. In August 1860, the railroad was extended from the depot at Vanderbilt's Landing to the wharf, which allowed passengers to walk directly to the boat from the train instead of walking 100 feet along the sand. At the time, it took one and a half hours to get to Tottenville from Manhattan. Patronage of the rail line exceeded the greatest expectations of its projectors. On February 27, 1861, the New Jersey Locomotive Works gave notice of foreclosure on the two locomotives; Cornelius Vanderbilt interceded again and on September 4, 1861, the SIRR was placed into receivership with William Vanderbilt to prevent the loss of the locomotives and rolling stock to creditors. The Vanderbilts had taken stock in the railroad but in 1863, William Vanderbilt managed the receivership well enough for it to be discharged, with the debt paid off. As a result, the railroad became property of the Vanderbilts; facilities were enlarged under their leadership—an expansion made possible by increasing the capital stock to $800,000 from $350,000.
On October 5, 1861, in what might have been the first major accident on the railroad, Mary Austin, age 16, was killed by a train at Princess Bay as she crossed the tracks.
Ferry conflicts: 1860–1884
Ferry service between Perth Amboy and Tottenville began in 1863, operated by the SIRR. It was necessary to have a direct connection between the trains and the infrequent ferries to and from Manhattan, but this was difficult during the beginning of operation. The ferries serving Vanderbilt's Landing were owned by the attorney George Law. Vanderbilt tried to operate a ferry service between Manhattan and Staten Island that would compete with Law's. He also started construction on a central dock on the island, but he abandoned the scheme after a storm destroyed the timber work. Only the large stone foundation remained; it was still visible at low tide in 1900.
Vanderbilt was eventually forced to sell his ferry service to Law after a franchise battle. After the battle, Vanderbilt lost interest in transit operations on Staten Island and he handed the ferry and railroad operations to his brother Jacob H. Vanderbilt, who was the president of the company until 1883. In March 1864, William Vanderbilt bought Law's ferries, bringing both the railroad and the ferries under the same company. In 1865, the railroad took over operation of the New York & Richmond Ferry Company, and would later assume direct responsibility for operating the ferry service to Manhattan. The Perth Amboy and Staten Island ferries were taken over by the railroad under the leadership of Jacob Vanderbilt, who increased service. The SIRR and its ferry line were making a modest profit until the boiler of the ferry "Westfield" exploded at Whitehall Street Terminal on July 30, 1871, killing 85 and injuring hundreds. As president of the railway, Jacob Vanderbilt was arrested but was not charged. As a result of the disaster, on March 28, 1872, the railroad and the ferry went into receivership. On September 17, 1872, the property of the company was sold to George Law in foreclosure, with the exception of the ferry "Westfield", which was purchased by Horace Theall. Some time after, Law and Theall sold the SIRR and ferry to the Staten Island Railway Company (SIRW). Law had threatened to form a company of his own if the stockholders did not come to his terms promptly, but a deal was reached. The charter for the SIRW was created on March 20, 1873, and on April 1, 1873, Law transferred the SIRR's property to the SIRW for $480,000. The ferry operation was transferred to the newly formed Staten Island Railway Ferry Company. The ferry and rail services were split into separate rail companies to prevent problems with one from leading to the demise of the other, while ensuring that connecting service could still be provided for passengers.
During the American Civil War, a boat connected with the SIRW, the "Southfield", was sold to the government and converted into a gunboat; it was destroyed during an attack on Mississippi. In 1876, competition to the SIRW's ferry system emerged: Commodore Garner obtained possession of a ferry and ran the "D. R. Martin" on the East Shore. However, this ferry service was suddenly ended when Garner died. His boats were purchased by John Starin, who paid $5,000 for each of them, and obtained a franchise. He operated it until it was taken over by the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railroad Company (SIRTR) on August 1, 1884.
Organization: 1880–1884
By 1880, the SIRW was barely operational, and as a result New York State sued through Attorney General Hamilton Ward to have the company dissolved in May that year. The suit said the company had become "insolvent in September 1872, to have then surrendered its rights to others, and have failed to exercise those rights". The legal proceedings commenced after an injunction was obtained that restrained the creditors of the railway company from proceeding against it until after the suit of the people was determined. Although it was floundering, the railway become the centerpiece of a plan to develop the island by a Canadian, Erastus Wiman. In 1867, Wiman arrived in New York to oversee the main office of Dun, Barlow, and Company in New York. Wiman became one of the most prominent residents of Staten Island after moving into a mansion there. He was dubbed the "Duke of Staten Island," and was interested in developing the island; Wiman recognized that to succeed he would need to build a coordinated transportation hub with connections to New York City and New Jersey. To this end the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railroad Company (SIRTR) was organized on March 25, 1880 and incorporated on April 14, 1880.
Wiman's plan called for a system encircling the island using two miles of the SIRW between Vanderbilt's Landing and Tompkinsville. His plan also called for the centralization of all ferries from one terminal, replacing the six to eight terminals active near what is now St. George. Wiman approached Robert Garrett, president of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O), to back the plan, and Garrett agreed. The SIRTR began to seek legislation to acquire various rights-of-way needed to implement Wiman's plan. At that time, Wiman's company neither owned nor controlled a railroad; If it gained a charter to build connections, it would have had nothing to connect to. The SIRTR then began surveying for the proposed routes; in April 1881, it acquired 1.5 miles of critical right-of-way directly from George Law. When Wiman explained his plan he secured a waterfront option from Law; however, Law refused to renew the option when it expired. To persuade Law to renew it, Wiman offered to name the place "St. George." Law was amused by the gesture and granted Wiman the option. In October 1882, Wiman made an application for a wharf to land passengers from the SIRTR's planned new ferry service to Manhattan.
Clarence T. Barrett, Henry P. Judah, and Theodore C. Vermilyen were appointed as commissioners to appraise the value of the land required by the SIRTR to extend the Staten Island Railway from Vanderbilt's Landing to Tompkinsville. Work on the line was delayed until the commissioners reported. The SIRTR filed a map of the proposed route at the office of the clerk of Richmond County. The line as planned would cross the lawn of Ms. Post on the North Shore of the island; on February 26, 1883, Mr. Franklin Bartlett and Mr. Clifford Bartlett, on behalf of Ms. Post, notified the court a change of route would be demanded.
On April 3, 1883, the SIRTR gained control of the SIRW and its boats. On the same date, at the annual meeting of the SIRW, Erasmus Wiman gained control of the railway by being elected to the board of Directors of the Railroad and becoming the railway's president. At the meeting, Wiman laid out his proposals for rail lines on Staten Island. He proposed extending the Staten Island Railway line to Hyatt Street in what is today Saint George. From there, a line would run through New Brighton and Snug Harbor along the island's North Shore. The line would then go inland, running parallel to the Kill Van Kull. Additional spur lines would have been built in the interior of the island based on where people settled. Wiman also proposed a bridge across Arthur Kill from Tottenville to Perth Amboy, replacing the ferry that operated there. This would have been part of a direct route between New York City and Philadelphia via Perth Amboy and South Amboy, with a new bridge over the Raritan River. In the days before the meeting, Wiman had gained 7,450 out of the 11,800 shareholders to elect him, surprising many of the directors of the railroad. By the end of the month, Wiman resigned from the SIRTR to avoid any conflict of interest. On June 27, 1883, a meeting of the directors of the SIRW and the SIRTR formally ratified the merger of the two companies under the leadership of Erastus Wiman, who was named president. On June 30, 1883, the SIRTR leased the SIRW for a term of 99 years, to become effective when the line opened between Clifton and Tompkinsville. The line between Vanderbilt's Landing and Tottenville continued to be operated by the SIRW.
While the control of the railroad included control of Vanderbilt's ferry, the North Shore Ferry was leased separately and was operated by Starin, whose lease was set to expire on May 1, 1884. On July 18, 1884, the SIRTR outbid Starin for the North Shore operation. As part of the purchase, ferry service would have been operated every forty minutes instead of every hour. The fare for the railroad and the ferry would have been ten cents, except between five and seven in the morning and evening, when it would have been seven cents. Starin continued to fight the lease in the courts for several years.
On May 5, 1885, the Perth Amboy Railroad was incorporated in New York to build a 2 mile-long line connecting the SIRW in Tottenville to Perth Amboy in New Jersey by bridging over the Arthur Kill. The railroad was incorporated with a capital stock of $1 million. This railroad line was never built, and was possibly in interest of the Pennsylvania Railroad. The Perth Amboy Railroad was to be an alternate freight route to avoid congestion at Harsimus Cove and through Elizabeth.
Expansion: 1884–1900
A controlling interest in the SIRTR was obtained by the B&O in November 1885 through purchases of stock. On November 21, 1885, Robert Garrett, President of the B&O, leased the SIRTR to the B&O for 99 years, which gave the B&O access to New York, allowing it to compete with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). Wiman needed the proceeds of the sale to pay for the construction of the North Shore Branch. The funds also helped pay for the construction of a bridge over the Kill Van Kull, the acquisition of 2 miles of waterfront property, and for terminal facilities at St. George. In 1885, Jacob Vanderbilt retired as President of the SIRW. The new lines opened by the B&O were operated by the SIRTR, while the original line from Clifton to Tottenville was called the SIRW, which was maintained as a separate corporation. The passenger cars used by the SIRW were leased by the SIRTR.
Construction of the North Shore Branch began on March 17, 1884, after a number of legal proceedings; a party of surveyors started marking out the grades and broke ground for the roadbed. The rights of a horse car line to operate in Richmond Terrace were bought to build the line; the right of way followed the island's North Shore and reached a ferry to Elizabeth, New Jersey that had been operating since the mid-1700s. The B&O built about 2 miles of rock fill out from shore and along the Kill Van Kull to deal with opposition from property owners in the neighborhood of Sailors' Snug Harbor, costing an additional $25,000. The company underwent a contest in litigation to acquire property for the line to pass over the cove at Palmer's run. Some properties in Port Richmond were acquired, displacing several home and business owners. A farm on the northwestern corner of Staten Island at Old Place—which was renamed Arlington by the B&O—was also purchased.
Grading work on the section between Clifton (previously Vanderbilt's Landing) and Tompkinsville began at this time, and during early 1884, construction continued with such energy that this section, which had been expected to open on September 1, opened on July 31 that year. The first train on the section contained the managers and officers, a few invited guests, and several passengers who had boarded prior to the train's arrival at Tompkinsville. The ride took three and a half minutes. The extension opened for passenger service on August 1, 1884. The opening of the line made the SIRTR's 99-year lease of the SIRW effective; under this agreement, the railroad to Tottenville and its properties became part of the rapid transit system.
Wiman wanted to extend the line to St. George so all of the branches under the company's control could meet in one place and connect with the ferries to Manhattan. Most of the course of the line, however, had followed the shore along the bluffs, where ground had to be made upon to build the road. State laws could not grant the right to run a railroad through the property of the United States, hindering construction by the grounds of the lighthouse department near Tompkinsville. The company secured an Act of Congress permitting them to tunnel through a hill a near the shore. The grant for the tunnel was surrounded with restrictions that slowed progress. Construction of the tunnel began in 1885; it was 585 feet long, and was protected by massive masonry walls on the sides and a brick-built arch 2 feet in thickness overhead. The tunnel was wide enough to fit two trains side by side at a time. The cost of the project was $190,000. On November 16, 1884, Wiman, James M. Davis, Sir Roderick Cameron, Herman Clark, and Louis de Jonge incorporated the Saint George Improvement Company to handle the land and waterfront, which had been recently purchased from the estate of George Law. The new company was to handle the building of a new ferry terminal at Saint George.
Opening of the North Shore and South Beach Branches
On January 16, 1886, constructing engineers for the SIRTR said that if weather continued to be good, trains on the East Shore Branch from Clifton and North Shore Branch trains from Elm Park would be able to run to St. George Terminal by February 1.
The North Shore Branch was completed in 1885 and opened for service on February 23, 1886, with trains terminating at Elm Park. Travel times between Manhattan and Elm Park were reduced from 90 minutes with the old ferry system to 39 minutes. On March 7, 1886, the key piece of Wiman's plan, the St. George Terminal, opened; North Shore trains operated between Elm Park and St. George, and East Shore trains operated between St. George and Tottenville. In early 1886, in anticipation of the opening of the terminal and the consolidation of operations, the former Staten Island Railway stations from Clifton to Tottenville were upgraded from low-level platforms to high-level platforms to match the platforms on the new lines. In mid-1886, the North Shore Branch opened its new terminal at Erastina Place. In 1889–1890, a station was built at the South Avenue grade crossing at Arlington as the tracks were extended to the Arthur Kill Bridge. At Arlington, trains were reversed for their trip back to St. George. Even a few years after its opening, most trains terminated at Erastina.
A 1.7 mi-long branch, then known as the Arrochar Branch, was opened to Arrochar on January 1, 1888, as a double-tracked line. The branch split off at Clifton Junction; it had two stops—Fort Wadsworth and Arrochar. In its first year, the branch carried heavy traffic, especially during the summer months. As evidenced by a map from 1884, the South Beach Branch was originally intended to run to Prominard Street in Oakwood Beach. The extension, however, was not built because the SIRTR could not gain the Vanderbilt family's approval to cross their New Dorp Beach farm. Instead, the line was only built as far as South Beach. During fiscal year 1893, the SIRTR purchased land to extend the line 1.75 miles to South Beach and the 2.3 mi South Beach Branch was completed in 1894.
Improvements on the line to Tottenville
In 1886, Grasmere station opened on the Tottenville Line for a cost of $555.35.
To improve service, under B&O control, a large portion of the line was double-tracked. A second track was built between New Dorp and a point near Clifton in 1887 and 1888. Two new stations, Garretson and New Dorp, were opened the following year. In 1893, to pay for more improvements—including double-tracking and a new station at Tottenville—the SIRW issued a mortgage. In 1895, land in St. George and Stapleton was acquired for yard space and station use. Between June 1895 and December 1895, the line was double tracked to Annadale. Between 1896 and 1899, the portion of the 12.64 mi line that was double tracked was increased from 5.8 miles to 10.04 mi.
In 1896, the terminal at Tottenville was moved 600 feet to provide closer connections to the Perth Amboy Ferry and to provide new ferry slips. The terminal had been located on the east side of Main Street but as part of the work it was moved to Bentley Street. The change had a negative effect on local businesses, changing the character of Main Street and marking a decline of its commercial viability. To build the new terminal, property had to be acquired. In 1910, the SIRW stopped using the land for the old ferry docks at Main Street.
Extension to New Jersey
The B&O made various proposals for a railroad between Staten Island and New Jersey. The accepted plan consisted of a 5.25 mile-long section from the Arthur Kill to meet the Jersey Central at Cranford, through Roselle Park and Linden in Union County. In October 1888, the B&O created the subsidiary Baltimore and New York Railway (B&NY) to build the line, which was to be operated by the SIRTR. Construction started in 1889 and the line was finished later that year. After three years of effort by Wiman, Congress passed a law on June 16, 1886, authorizing the construction of a 500 ft swing bridge over the Arthur Kill. The start of construction was delayed for nine months because it awaited approval of the Secretary of War, and another six months due to an injunction from the State of New Jersey. Construction had to continue through the brutal winter of 1888 because Congress had set a completion deadline of June 16, 1888; two years after signing the bill. The bridge was completed three days early on June 13, 1888.
When it opened, the Arthur Kill Bridge was the largest drawbridge ever constructed; it cost $450,000 and was constructed without fatalities. The bridge consisted of five pieces of masonry, the center one being midstream with the draw resting on it. The bridge's drawspan was 500 feet, the fixed spans were 150 feet, and there were clear waterways of 208 feet on either side of the draw, making the bridge 800 feet wide. The bridge was 30 feet above the low water mark. Construction of the draw needed 656 tons of iron, and 85 tons were needed for each of the approaches. Trains were planned to start running on the bridge by September 1, but because the approaches were not finished, this was delayed until January 1, 1890, when the first train from St. George to Cranford Junction crossed the bridge. Because the land for the approaches was low and swampy, 2 miles of elevated structure was built; 6000 feet on Staten Island and 4000 feet in New Jersey. The North Shore Branch was opened to freight traffic on March 1, 1890. On July 1, 1890, all of the B&O's freight traffic started using the line. Freight service began running through from Baltimore to St. George, running via the Reading Railroad and the Central Railroad of New Jersey between Park Junction in Philadelphia and Cranford Junction in New Jersey.
The B&O paid the SIRTR 10 cents-per-ton trackage to use the line from Arthur Kill to St. George. Once the Arthur Kill Bridge was completed, pressure was brought upon the United States War Department by the Lehigh Valley Railroad and the PRR to have the newly built bridge torn down and replaced with a bridge with a different design, claiming it was an obstruction for the navigation of coal barges past Holland Hook on the Arthur Kill. Their efforts were not successful.
In September 1890, Wiman secured the rights for a tunnel between Brooklyn and Staten Island; these tunnel rights were acquired by the New Jersey and Staten Island Junction Railroad Company. In May 1900, the PRR and other railroads secured an informal agreement to use the North Shore Branch from the Arthur Kill Bridge and the tunnel rights for a tunnel to 39th Street in Brooklyn. This was intended to allow freight trains to travel directly between Boston and Washington.
Reorganization
The B&O was bankrupt by February 1896; in its attempt to reach the New York market, its western lines fell into disrepair. J.P. Morgan replaced the railroad's top management and refinanced it. The new terminal at St. George was completed in 1896 after work was contracted for the project in fiscal year 1893. The building was designed by the architects Carrere and Hastings, and was built with ironwork framing. At the time, it was the largest terminal in the United States to have ferry, rail, vehicular, pedestrian and trolley services. Trolley companies on Staten Island insisted on access to the new terminal, but were rebuffed by the B&O. The issue went to court, and the B&O ended up splitting the cost for the trolley terminal and the long viaduct with the trolley operators. Prior to October 1897 passengers placed their tickets into ticket choppers at stations to pay their fare. Afterwards, conductors collected tickets.
In 1895, trolley service was inaugurated on Staten Island; it attracted passengers from the SIRTR, ending the railroad's monopoly. As a result, the railroad went into bankruptcy. On April 20, 1899, the railroad company and all of the real and personal property held in the company was sold at auction for $2,000,000 to representatives of the B&O. The railroad already owned the line from Elizabethport, New Jersey to South Beach, including the Arthur Kill Bridge. At the time, it was rumored the B&O trains would be rerouted from Communipaw station to Saint George. There was no change in the SIRTRC's management after the purchase. On July 1, 1899, the SIRTR defaulted on its payment of interest on its second mortgage bonds, and its lease of the Staten Island Railway ended on July 14 when it was put into receivership. On July 31, 1899, the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Company—also shortened to Staten Island Rapid Transit, or SIRT–was incorporated for the purpose of operating the SIRTR, with the transaction taking place on August 1, 1899. The section of the SIRT's line between St. George and Clifton Junction was jointly operated with the SIRW.
Pennsylvania acquisition
Improvements were made to the SIRT after the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) under the leadership of president Alexander Cassatt took control of the B&O. Cassatt was named president of the PRR in 1899, and he allied with the New York Central Railroad for a "community of interest" plan. Cassatt wanted to end the rebate practice being undertaken by Standard Oil and Carnegie Steel—both larger shippers—that kept the freight rates extremely low. To achieve this, the two railroads bought stock in smaller, weaker trunk line railroads. The New York Central bought stock in the Reading Company, while the PRR bought stock in the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the Norfolk Southern Railway, and in the B&O—including the SIRT and the ferries on Staten Island. The plan worked; the average freight rate for the two companies rose. Cassatt first purchased B&O stock in 1899, most of it being under PRR control by 1901. After the PRR took more direct control of the B&O, including the SIRT; in May 1901, improvements were made to the rail line. PRR control of the line decreased as a new PRR president had different priorities, and in 1906, the PRR sold half of its B&O stock to the Union Pacific Railroad. The remainder of the PRR's stock in the B&O was sold to the Union Pacific in 1913.
Improvements
Under PRR control, the B&O was profitable again and became a stronger railroad. The PRR allowed the B&O's newly developed properties to remain intact. On October 13, 1902, the SIRT started a trial passenger service from Plainfield station in New Jersey to St. George, running via the Jersey Central past Cranford Junction. The SIRT operated four trains every day, except for Sunday, with direct connections with the B&O's Royal Blue service between New York City and Washington, D.C. at Plainfield. These trains consisted of a locomotive and two passenger coaches. While this service was in operation the B&O sold tickets for its main line trains at the railroad's ferry terminals in Brooklyn, at South Ferry, and at St. George. Four passengers alighted at Plainfield on the first trip. On November 3, 1902, it was announced that a complete schedule would be arranged to Plainfield, to take effect on November 22, 1902. The service was discontinued in 1903 because it was unprofitable. The PRR bought four large double-decker steamers to halve the travel time on the Staten Island Ferry. Even though the PRR improved ferry service, the B&O was ejected from the Whitehall Street terminal on October 25, 1905, when the city took ownership of the ferry and terminals. The city built a new St. George Terminal for $2,318,720.
In September 1906, the Jersey Central purchased 20 ft of property on the north side of its track between Plainfield and Cranford to enable to construct a fifth track to accommodate B&O freight trains to Staten Island, of which several traveled westbound from Cranford Junction between 6 p.m. and 8 p.m.. The track was intended to allow freight traffic, which often had to wait at Cranford Junction for multiple hours to make way for local passenger trains that were using the freight track to stay out of the way of express trains, to keep moving.
The PRR increased the number of daily trips to 28, and in 1902, it began contemplating the electrification of the rail line. The PRR's investment in the southern portion of the Perth Amboy sub-division was credited for the increased development of the South Shore of Staten Island. As such, in about 1902, a new station was constructed at Whitlock to serve a new community being built by the Whitlock Realty Company on the South Shore. The development company incentivized prospective buyers to bid on newly built houses by promising a year's free commuting between Manhattan and Whitlock for the first 25 houses. In December 1912, the SIRT petitioned the Public Service Commission (PSC) to allow the railway to abandon the station and replace it with a station named Bay Terrace 1594 feet to the south. The change was made, anticipating a shift in the center of population in the community. A hearing to hear the application was held by the PSC on December 18.
On February 21, 1907, the Staten Island Railway petitioned the Public Service Commission (PSC) to get permission to move the Dongan Hills stop from its location south of Seaview Avenue to a location 100 feet to the north in between Seaview Avenue and Garretson Avenue. On March 12, 1907, the PSC granted its permission.
In September 1909, the New York State Public Service Commission (PSC) allowed the B&O to acquire 227 shares of the Staten Island Railway's capital stock, giving the B&O all of the railway's stock except for the few shares that had to be held by officers. Practically all of the Staten Island Railway's stock had been purchased by the B&O by 1906.
After 1900, several new houses were built in the community of Annadale and several parts of the Little Farms development. In 1910, as part of the development, the building company built a new railroad station. As a result, on March 22, 1910, the SIRT petitioned the PSC to allow it to discontinue its service at Annadale station and replace it with a new station of the same name 450 feet to the west. On November 18, 1910, trains started stopping at a new station at Annadale that was built by the Wood Harmon Company the previous summer, which was located on the eastbound side of the track. This station replaced the station on the westbound track. As part of the construction of the new station, the operation of the switches where the line narrowed from two tracks to one began to be done from the station instead of being done manually. In addition, in 1910, a new freight house went into operation at Clifton, and new 75 lb rails were installed as far south as Richmond Valley on the Perth Amboy Division. These new rails, which were 8 lb heavier than the rails already in place on the southern section of the Perth Amboy Division, were expected to reduce the jarring of cars.
The PSC held a public hearing on December 16, 1910, to consider a proposal to eliminate grade crossings at Crook's crossing on Amboy Road in Great Kills, Clove Road in Grasmere, and Amboy Road in Huguenot. Commissioner of Public Work L.L. Tribus and Borough President Cromwell had started the push to eliminate grade crossings in Staten Island, which was approved by officials of the Staten Island Railway. The Board of Estimate had approved an appropriation to create a tentative plan. In the previous session of the State Legislature, a bill was passed allocating $250,000 for the state's portion of a fund to eliminate grade crossings in New York City, of which $200,000 was for Queens and $50,000 was for Staten Island. As such, $100 million would be available for the elimination of grade crossings in the two boroughs. At the time, there were 89 grade crossings on Staten Island, of which 14 were protected by sign boards, 44 by bells, 14 by flagmen, and 17 by gates. 100 people were injured and 56 people were killed in accidents at grade crossings from 1907 to 1910.
On March 6, 1911, work began on the elimination of a grade crossing at Amboy Road in Huguenot, which the PSC had ordered to be eliminated, as it was considered the most dangerous crossing on the island. Work was to be done quickly with the intent of completing the project by the end of summer. As part of the project, Amboy Road would be depressed by 10 to 12 feet, and the tracks would be raised to provide 14 feet of clearance. The crossing was to be 60 feet wide with sidewalks, and the structure over the road was to consist of steel on concrete abutments. The project was estimated to cost $78,240, with $19,560 in funding coming from the state. The PSC had also ordered the elimination of a grade crossing at Great Kills with Crooke's crossing; work on the project was expected to begin shortly.
On March 24, 1911, an automatic block signal system manufactured by the Hall Signal Company was put into use between Pleasant Plains and Tottenville, eliminating the need for a telegraph block signal office at Atlantic station. The new signaling system reduced the work required for telegraph operators on the line to report when trains moved in and out of signal blocks. This system had already been in use on the North Shore Branch from St. George to Arlington, and the South Beach Branch from St. George to South Beach for some time.
In July 1911, the Public Service Commission (PSC) ordered the SIRT to install gates at several grade crossings on the North Shore Division to increase safety and reduce the frequent occurrence of accidents. This followed a PSC order to have flagmen staff the grade crossing at Amboy Road in Huguenot and Crooke's crossing in Great Kills at all times. Bids on projects to eliminate these crossings had been advertised earlier, but no work had yet started on them. There were 42 public grate crossings on the SIRT, and 43 on the SIR, in addition to 34 on private property. The PSC sent inspectors to investigate every crossing in the city with considerable traffic with the goal of eliminating all grade crossings in September 1911. The PSC's goal was to either have the SIRT eliminate all grade crossings or have them install gates at dangerous crossings. Plans for the elimination of the crossings in Huguenot and Great Kills were prepared, and work was expected to begin shortly.
In November 1911, the Public Service Commission gave notice for a hearing on November 23 to consider whether the Staten Island Railway Company and the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Company should electrify their lines, and whether any additional terminal facilities, tracks and switches were needed. This issue came up as a result of a complaint made by Reverend Father Charles A. Cassidy about noise from the switching of cars and steam locomotives in the St. George freight yards. In December 1911, the PSC ordered that the Staten Island Railway Company and the Staten Island Rapid Transit Railway Company consider electrifying their lines. A public hearing for this matter was set for January 15, 1912.
On December 12, 1911, following a series of hearings held between October 30 and December 4, the PSC ruled that grade crossings on Staten Island had to be protected. The hearings had been held following a petition made by residents of Prince Bay and Pleasant Plains after two boys were seriously injured when a train struck a stagecoach they were riding at the Sharrott Avenue crossing in Pleasant Plains. The PSC ordered that, as of March 15, 1912, gates had to be placed at Centre Street in Clifton, Seaview Avenue and Garretson Avenue in Dongan Hills, at Rose Avenue in New Dorp, at Giffords Lane in Great Kills, at Huguenot Avenue in Huguenot, at Seguine Avenue (Prince Bay Avenue) in Prince Bay, and at Amboy Road in Pleasant Plains on the Perth Amboy Division. In addition, the SIRT and SIR were required to have signal bells placed at Fisher Avenue in Tottenville, at Old Mill Road in Richmond Valley, Annadale Road in Annadale, and Ocean Avenue in New Dorp on the Perth Amboy Division, and have a flagman placed at each of these crossings from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m.. A flagman also had to be in place at the crossing at Main Street in Tottenville at all times. The PSC also ordered that, as of January 15, 1912, gates had to be installed at Newark Avenue and Morningstar Road in Elm Park, and at Central Avenue in Mariners' Harbor on the North Shore Division, and at Tompkins Avenue in Fort Wadsworth, St. Mary's Avenue, Clifton Avenue, and Pennsylvania Avenue in Rosebank, Maple Avenue in Clifton, and Wave Street and Prospect Street in Stapleton on the South Beach Division. In addition, signal bells had to be installed at Chestnut Avenue in Clifton on the South Beach Division, and Granite Avenue in Elm Park on the North Shore Division.
In May 1912, work began on the installation of the new signaling system between Clifton Junction and Pleasant Plains. In order to allow for the installation of the new signaling, the experimental Lacroix automatic signaling system, which had been installed between Dongan Hills and Grasmere, would be removed.
In August 1912, the New York City Board of Estimate provided notice that it would hold a hearing on September 19 on the Staten Island Railway Company's application to add an additional track between Amboy Road in Pleasant Plains and Huguenot Avenue in Huguenot. In October 1912, work installing the new signaling system on the Perth Amboy Division was complete, with the exception of the single-track segment between Annadale and Pleasant Plains, which had a switch at Huguenot. The remaining section was scheduled to receive the new signaling once the completion of the grade-crossing elimination project in Huguenot and the completion of a second track between Annadale and Pleasant Plains. In October 1912, the Board of Estimate held a hearing on the Staten Island Railway Company's application to double-track its line from Pleasant Plains to Huguenot. A hearing had previously been held on the company's application for Amboy Road in Huguenot by itself. Work on that grade separation project was being completed rapidly, with the concrete abutments for the railroad bridge being almost completed and large steel girders being ready to be put into place. Work to grade the right-of-way for the second track was extended from the Amboy Road grade crossing in Huguenot past Prince Bay station. Work to lay the second track was expected to begin following the passing of the application by the Board of Estimate. With the completion of the double-tracking, trains would no longer have to wait at sidings at Annadale and Pleasant Plains for trains in the opposite direction to proceed.
In November 1912, the Board of Estimate issued a notice for the final hearing on SIRT's application to double-track the Annadale to Pleasant Plains section, which would take place on December 5. No one had spoken in opposition to the plan at the October hearing. The contract between New York City and the Staten Island Railway Company would have the company pay the city $500 three months after the Mayor signed the contract, with a sum of $100 for each crossing the second track would pass over or an annual amount of $800 from the date of the contract's signing until October 28, 1934. The crossings that would be crossed were Woodvale Avenue, Sharrott Avenue and Amboy Road in Pleasant Plains, Bayview Avenue and Manee Avenue in Prince Bay, and Huguenot Avenue and Amboy Road in Huguenot. Work on the elimination of the grade crossing at Amboy Road was in progress, and new girders were being put into place. Work to grade the second track was completed as far south as Prince's Bay station. On December 17, 1912, the State Supreme Court in Brooklyn received an application for the appointment of a commission to assess and appraise the properties needed for the widening of Amboy Road, which would be part of the project to abolish the grade crossing there. It was expected that the road would open around January 1, 1913.
On December 26, 1912, the City of New York granted the SIRT the right to construct a second track between Huguenot and Pleasant Plains, with completion expected in three years. The grant was for 25 years but this project was not completed until 1934.
On March 25, 1913, work began on the double tracking of the Perth Amboy Division between Huguenot and Annadale. Work was expected to be done to complete the second track from Prince's Bay to Pleasant Plains shortly afterwards. The automatic block signal system would be extended over the new second track. At the same time, work began on eliminating Crookes crossing in Great Kills. Crookes crossing, which was located between Oakwood and Great Kills station, crossed the train tracks on a diagonal with a descending grade from both sides. This was considered the deadliest crossing on Staten Island, especially as car traffic became heavier on Amboy Road. The work to eliminate the crossing would consist of the raising of the grade of Amboy Road above the rail line. Work was expected to be completed before the middle of the summer in 1913.
Work on the grade crossing project at Amboy Road was completed by May 1913 at the cost of $100,000. Amboy Road now passed under the rail line at this point. This was the first grade crossing eliminated on the SIRT. Some time earlier, at a PSC hearing, it was recommended that the SIRT consider eliminating eleven additional grade crossings, with those on the Amboy Division being at Jefferson Blvd in Annadale, at Liberty Avenue in Dongan Hills, and at Clove Road in Grasmere.
On June 18, 1913, trains began running over the new double track between Annadale and Prince's Bay, leaving the section between Prince's Bay and Pleasant Plains as the only single-track section on the Perth Amboy Division. The new double track section, which was about 2 miles long, reduced train delays, and allowed for the transferring of three shifts of telegraph operators from Annadale to the new tower at Prince's Bay, which controlled the switches at the boundary of double track territory. Another tower was planned to be installed at Pleasant Plains as part of a series of improvements at that station. The passenger station would be moved to the existing freight station, and a new freight station would be constructed on the opposite side of the track. As part of the project, grades were adjusted, and the roadbed was well ballasted and had heavy rail tracks installed, improving its condition to the higher standard that was maintained on the rest of the line. In July 1913, a group of Annadale residents appealed to the PSC for the restoration of the telegraph station at Annadale.
On August 7, 1913, work began on the construction of a new two-story switch tower was being installed at the former site of the station at Amboy Road. The tower would automatically control the interlocking being installed between Pleasant Plains and Prince's Bay, and was to be similar to the one that had been installed at Prince's Bay. In September 1913, work was nearly completed on improvements at the Pleasant Plains station, and the tower was on track to be completed in October. The Pleasant Plains station house was completely renovated, and received electric lights on the platform and in the station house. The new station opened on October 8, 1913, and the tower was completed shortly afterwards. On December 18, 1913, trains started using the new elevated structure over Crooks crossing, eliminating another grade crossing.
During fiscal year 1915, a second track was completed between Annadale and Pleasant Plains, and grade crossings elimination projects were undertaken at Amboy Road, Huguenot Park, and Pleasant Plains. On January 19, 1917, the Board of Estimate gave notice that they would hold a public hearing on January 26 to heart the application of the Staten Island Railway Company to abandon its right to double track its line between Pleasant Plains and Prince's Bay. When the grade crossings at Huguenot and Great Kills were eliminated, the PSC had notified the SIRC that it should also eliminate the five grade crossings between Pleasant Plains and Prince's Bay, and gave the company three years to do so, which did not happen. They had granted the company an extension of one year to complete the work, but that expired on December 26, 1916. The SIRC said that it had applied for permission to abandon its right to complete the second track as its operation did not require the double tracking of this section, and as it wanted to avoid the expense of eliminating the grade crossings and of double tracking until it was needed.
In August 1917, the PSC adopted an order directing the SIRT and other railways to keep the gates at 33 grade crossings closed between midnight and 5 a.m. for vehicle safety. The New York State Transit Commission, on August 15, 1919, ordered the SIRT to eliminate the grade crossing at Virginia Avenue by lowering that street under the existing rail line, with a clearance of 14 feet. However, due to World War I and issues with nearby grade crossing elimination projects, this work was delayed.
On April 13, 1922, the SIRT petitioned to the PSC to move Bay Terrace station 1000 feet to the east of the station to Kelvan Avenue (Bay Terrace) and to rename the station Rice Manor. The PSC denied the application as the move would allow fewer people to use the station. There were 35 homes immediately surrounding the existing station while there were only 3 at the proposed location. The move was intended to spur development in the surrounding area.
Increase in traffic
In 1890 and 1906, respectively, the car float terminal and freight yard at Saint George and Arlington Yard were opened. The two main freight yards on Staten Island, Arlington and Saint George, were at capacity, and in 1912, to ease the congestion, the B&O began running freight via the Jersey Central into Jersey City. The B&O profited from the heavy coal trade that operated via the lines on Staten Island. In 1920, 4,000,000 tons of freight had been handled on the railway. In addition, passenger traffic on the line increased. Between 1903 and 1920, daily trips on the North Shore Branch increased from 50 to 65; from 50 to 60 on the South Beach Branch; and from 22 to 34 on the Tottenville Branch. In 1920, 65 trains ran daily on the North Shore Branch; 60 trains ran daily on the South Beach Branch; and 34 trains ran daily on the Tottenville Branch. Most of the railway's passengers used the North Shore and South Beach branches. In 1920, 8,000,000 passengers used the North Shore and South Beach branches while 5,000,000 passengers used the main line. Up to 1921, 3,369,400 trains had been operated on the SIRT with no fatalities.
Electrification: 1923–1925
On June 2, 1923, the Kaufman Act was signed by Governor Al Smith, mandating that all railroads in New York City–including the SIRT—be electrified by January 1, 1926. As a result, the B&O drew up electrification plans, which were submitted to the PSC. The plans were approved by the PSC on May 1, 1924, and construction began on August 1, 1924. The SIRT was to be electrified using 600 volt D.C. third-rail power distribution so it would be compatible with the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit (BMT) once a planned tunnel was completed under the Narrows to Brooklyn, connecting the line to the BMT Fourth Avenue Line of the New York City Subway system. The B&O planned to use this tunnel to connect its freight from New Jersey to freight terminals in Brooklyn and Queens, including to a planned port at Jamaica Bay. The city started construction on the Narrows tunnel in 1924. Due to political pressure and the project's increasing cost, the freight tunnel portion of the plan was eliminated in 1925, and the entire project was halted in 1926. Only the shafts at either end were constructed. The SIRT ordered ninety electric motors and ten trailers (later converted to motors) from the Standard Steel Car Company to replace the old steam equipment. These cars, the ME-1s, were designed to be similar to the Standards in use by the BMT.
The first electric train was operated on the South Beach Branch between South Beach and Fort Wadsworth on May 20, 1925, and regular electric operation began on the branch on June 5, 1925. As part of the electrification project, the South Beach Branch was extended one stop to Wentworth Avenue from the previous terminus at South Beach. Wentworth Avenue had a short, wooden, half-car platform, and a shelter was built there. That location had previously been used as a servicing and turning point for the line's steam-powered locomotives. Electric service began on the Perth Amboy sub-division on July 1, 1925, to much fanfare. The North Shore Branch's electrification was completed on December 25, 1925, and resulted in a time savings of ten minutes from Arlington to St. George. Following the electrification of all three branches, service was increased by nineteen trains on the Perth Amboy sub-division, by the fifteen trains on the South Beach Branch, and by five trains on the North Shore Branch.
Because of the high cost of electrification, however, St. George and Arlington Yards, along with the Mount Loretto Spur, and the Travis Branch were not electrified. Thirteen steam engines were retired and four new, wholly automatic substations opened at South Beach, Old Town Road, Eltingville, and Tottenville. The SIRT's old semaphore signals were replaced by new color position light signals. This was the first permanent use of the type of signal on the B&O–it later became the railroad's standard. A modern signaling system was put into place in the Saint George Yards, allowing one dispatcher to do all the work. The Clifton Junction Shops were updated to maintain electric equipment rather than steam equipment, and a large portion of the yard was electrified. Grade crossing elimination began between Prince's Bay and Pleasant Plains. While electrification was being installed, the system's roadbed was rebuilt with 100-pound rail.
The promise of a faster, more reliable electrified service spurred developers and private individuals to purchase land alongside the SIRT lines, with the intention of providing housing to attract residents to Staten Island. On July 2, 1925, for the first time since its opening, the railroad stopped reserving its trains' first car for smokers. A petition was sent to the railroad to reverse this decision.
In the end of 1924, work began on a project to elevate the track to eliminate six grade crossings on the Perth Amboy Division between Pleasant Plains and Prince's Bay and to add 0.82 miles of double-track to complete the double-tracking of the entire line. The cost of the project was shared by the SIRT, New York State, and New York City. Work on this project was completed in 1926, and the State made the final payment on the project on August 15, 1927. Work on the $1,050,000 project was 85 percent complete at the start of 1926. One June 23, 1926, the Transit Commission ordered the elimination of a grade crossing at Bay Street in Clifton through the elevation of the train tracks for $573,000, and the elimination of the Tompkins Avenue, Hope Avenue, and Belair Road crossings in Fort Wadsworth for $647,000. The order called for the closure of the Belair Road crossing and for the partial depression of the tracks and elevation of the streets to allow Tompkins Avenue and Hope Avenue to pass over the South Beach Branch. The SIRT sued to test the validity of these orders by the Transit Commission, but the orders were upheld by the New York State Court of Appeals. In 1927, the SIRT planned on appealing this decision to the Supreme Court of the United States. On November 24, 1926, the Transit Commission ordered the elimination of the Tompkins Avenue grade crossing in Clifton through the elevation of the street over the rail line. The estimated cost of this project was $281,000.
In 1927, work on the Virginia Avenue grade crossing elimination project was still not underway. The SIRT had requested that the Transit Commission's order be modified on October 22, 1926, but this request was denied. The Richmond Borough President, on June 1, 1927, requested a modification to the order to provide for a clearance of 12.8 feet instead of 14 feet. On July 12, 1937, the first hearings were held on the Port Richmond—Mariners Harbor Elimination project, which would eliminate 21 grade crossings on the North Shore Division for $4 million.
In 1926, the New York State Transit Commission ordered the installation of automatic signals at 18 grade crossings on the SIR for $47,000. These signals were in operation since the middle of September 1927.
Expansion
In the 1920s, a branch was built to haul materials to construct the Outerbridge Crossing. The branch ran along the West Shore from the Richmond Valley station, and originally ended at Allentown Lane in Charleston, past the end of Drumgoole Boulevard. The branch was cut back south of the bridge after the bridge was completed. The Gulf Oil Corporation opened a dock and tank farm along the Arthur Kill in 1928; to serve it, the Travis Branch was built south from Arlington Yard into the marshes of the island's western shore to Gulfport. At this time, the B&O proposed to join the two branches along the West Shore. The West Shore Line, once completed, would have allowed trains to run between Arlington on the North Shore sub-division and Tottenville on the Perth Amboy sub-division. In addition, freight from the Perth Amboy sub-division would no longer be delayed by the congestion of Saint George Yard and the frequent passenger service of the SIRT. This proposal was canceled because of the Great Depression.
In the 1930s, there was a proposal to build a loop joining the Perth Amboy sub-division at Grasmere with the North Shore Branch at Port Richmond. There also was a proposal to join the North Shore Branch to Tottenville without using the existing West Shore tracks. Staten Island Borough President Joseph A. Palma, in 1936, proposed to extend Staten Island Rapid Transit to Manhattan (via New Jersey) across the Bayonne Bridge, which had been built to accommodate two train tracks. The Port of New York Authority endorsed the second plan in 1937, with a terminal at 51st Street in Manhattan near Rockefeller Center to serve the trains of Erie, West Shore, Lackawanna, Jersey Central, and trains from Staten Island. This original proposal would be brought back in 1950, by Edward Corsi, a Republican candidate for Mayor of New York City.
In 1931, Cedar Avenue station opened with the construction of wooden platforms at the Cedar Avenue grade crossing on the South Beach Branch.
On February 4, 1932, the headway on trains was decreased to 15 minutes from 20 minutes between 9:29 p.m. and 10:29 p.m.; and was decreased to 30 minutes from 40 minutes between 10:29 p.m. and 1:29 a.m. on the Perth Amboy Division.
On June 14, 1948, a bill to permit the SIRT to widen its railroad tunnel at the Saint George Ferry Terminal was signed into law. The tunnel, which was constructed under Federally owned land, was widened 19 feet for a distance of 456 feet. The tunnel allowed for the laying of a third track, and permitted the operation of more trains from Saint George to Tottenville and South Beach. The extra track also facilitated better handling of trains at the ferry terminal at Saint George.
Grade crossing elimination: 1926–1950
On June 25, 1926, the Transit Commission ordered the elimination of four grade crossings on Staten Island—at Bay Street in Clifton, and at Hope Avenue, Belair Road, and Tompkins Avenue in Fort Wadsworth. The project would cost $1,000,000, with half of the cost going to the railroad and a quarter each to the city and state. At the time, the grade crossing at Bay Street was thought of as the most dangerous grade crossing on Staten Island. The SIRT sued the Transit Commission, arguing that it did not have the power to order the construction of such projects. The Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the Transit Commission on July 23, 1926. The case was carried to the Supreme Court, which decided to hear the case "for a lack of jurisdiction."
On November 27, 1929, the Transit Commission held hearings on proposals to eliminate eleven grade crossings in Dongan Hills and Grasmere at Old Town Road, Buel Avenue, Liberty Avenue, Seaview Avenue, Garretson Avenue, Cromwell Avenue, Tysen Lane, Burgher Avenue, Clove Road, Parkinson Avenue and Grasmere Avenue. On September 14, 1932, the Transit Commission approved plans for the elimination of these eleven grade crossings.
The elimination of grade crossings continued in the 1930s in all three sub-divisions. On the Perth Amboy sub-division, a large grade-elimination project took place on the southern portion of the line. The project was completed in 1934; new brick stations were built and the single-track portion of the line that ran through Skunk's Misery was double-tracked; the latter requiring a lot of rock fill.
The Grasmere–Dongan Hills grade crossing elimination project was completed in 1934. The project eliminated eleven crossings and cost $1,576,000. The crossings were removed by putting the line in an open cut through Grasmere and elevating it through Dongan Hills. As part of the project, a new street—North Railroad Avenue— was constructed, paralleling the line's north side from Clove Road to Parkinson Avenue.
The East Shore sub-division was elevated in 1936–1937 to remove several grade crossings. A huge undertaking was required to remove grade crossings on the North Shore sub-division. The Port Richmond-Tower Hill viaduct was built to remove eight grade crossings; it was longer than a mile and became the largest grade crossing elimination project in the United States. The viaduct opened on February 25, 1937, marking the final part of a $6,000,000 grade crossing elimination project on Staten Island, which eliminated 34 grade crossings on the north and south shores. A two-car special train, which carried Federal, state, and borough officials, made a run over the viaduct and the seven-mile project. Stations closed for the viaduct project at Tower Hill and Port Richmond were reopened on this date.
Between 1938 and 1940, a grade crossing elimination project was undertaken over three miles between Great Kills and Huguenot, eliminating seven grade crossings and costing $2,136,000, which was partially paid for by the city, state, and Progress Work Administration funds. The line was depressed into an open cut between Great Kills and Huguenot, with the exception of a section through Eltingville where it was elevated. Four stations—Great Kills, Eltingville, Annadale and Huguenot—were completely replaced with new stations along the rebuilt right-of-way. The project started on July 13, 1938, and was completed in October 1940. The stations themselves were completed in 1939, and therefore have the date 1939 inscribed either on road overpasses or on railroad bridges.
In that same year, grade crossing eliminations were completed in Richmond Valley and Tottenville. The Richmond Valley project eliminated the crossing at Richmond Valley Road and cost $300,000 while the Tottenville project eliminated seven crossings—including one at Main Street—and cost $997,000. The only remaining grade crossings to be removed were at Grant City, New Dorp, Oakwood Heights, and Bay Terrace. These projects were delayed due to material shortages during World War II. In 1949, a project to eliminate 13 grade crossings on the Perth Amboy sub-division, at Grant City, New Dorp, Oakwood Heights and Bay Terrace, was set to begin, with a projected cost of $7,400,000. On August 30, 1950, the PSC announced a $6,500,000 plan to eliminate grade crossings of the SIRT. The plan was only approved with the assurance from the city that if passenger service was discontinued, the city would guarantee residents of the area would have some form of public transportation. The plan also included the construction of a bridge over the never-built Willowbrook Expressway.
World War II
Freight and World War II traffic helped pay off some of the debt the SIRT had accumulated, briefly making it profitable. B&O freight trains operated to Staten Island and Jersey City. Around this time, B&O crews began running through without changing at different junctions. Regular B&O crews and Staten Island crews were separated, meaning the crews had to change before they could enter Staten Island. All traffic to and from Cranford Junction in New Jersey was handled by the SIRT crews. During the war, all east coast military hospital trains were handled by the SIRT—the trains came onto Staten Island through Cranford Junction, with some trains stopping at Arlington to transfer wounded soldiers to Halloran Hospital. Freight tonnage doubled on the SIRT between 1942 and 1944 to a record 3.2 million tons. The Baltimore and New York Railway line become extremely busy, handling 742,000 troops, 100,000 prisoners-of-war, and war material operating over this stretch to reach their destinations. Two B&O subsidiaries, the B&NY and the SIRT, were merged on December 31, 1944. Since the Baltimore and New York Railway opened in 1890, the SIRT operated this line with locomotives belonging to itself and to its parent company, the B&O. Around the time of World War II, the B&O operated special trains for important officials. One special was operated for former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Winston Churchill. The train took him to Stapleton, from where he boarded a ship to Europe. The SIRT made special arrangements for the trip, including a shined-up locomotive sporting polished rods, white tires, and an engine crew clad in white uniforms.
Fires
Tottenville station was destroyed by a fire on September 3, 1929. The fire was attributed to a short-circuited third rail. The two 550 foot-long platforms were destroyed, as were five train cars being stored near the station. The damage was estimated to cost $200,000. Passengers using the Perth Amboy Ferry were forced to use the nearby Atlantic station instead.
On June 25, 1946, a fire wrecked the terminal at Saint George, killing three people and causing damage worth $22,000,000. The fire destroyed the ferry terminal and the four slips used for Manhattan service, the terminal for Staten Island Rapid Transit trains, and a small building and slip owned by the city and used by the Army and Navy to transport personnel from Staten Island to the United States Naval Depot at Bayonne, New Jersey. Twenty rail cars were also destroyed in the fire. Since the power circuits were melted, the electric MUs were trapped in the station. Diesel cars were sent to rescue them, but would not couple with the MUs due to their different coupling systems. Some cars were saved through the use of rigging tow chains, but precious minutes were lost. 5 cars were totally destroyed in the fire, while 16 suffered heavy damage. A few cars were sent to Clifton shops, with the others kept at St. George with their windows boarded up.
Two days after the fire, the city voted $3,000,000 to start work on a new $12,000,000 terminal that would be opened in 1948. Until a temporary terminal could be built at Saint George, Tompkinsville was used as the main terminal. Even though the station was very narrow and its facilities were inadequate, service continued without an issue and without any injuries. The station handled the equivalent of 128 passenger loads per day.
On June 8, 1951, a modern replacement terminal for Saint George opened, although portions of the terminal were phased into service at earlier dates.
Transfer of ferry service: 1947–1948
On October 28, 1947, the SIRT filed with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to get permission to discontinue ferry service between Tottenville and Perth Amboy Ferry Slip in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. The SIRT said the abandonment should be permitted because of "the substantial deficits being incurred in operation of the service, which covers a distance of 3,600 feet". On September 22, 1948, the ICC allowed the SIRT to abandon the ferry, which it had been operating for 88 years. On October 16, the ferry operation was transferred to Sunrise Ferries of Elizabeth, New Jersey, which had agreed to lease the railway's ferry facilities at Tottenville and to lease Perth Amboy wharf and dock properties there. The schedules and the five-cent fare for the ferry were maintained. In 1963, Perth Amboy ferry service was discontinued.
Service cuts and the discontinuation of service: 1948–1953
On October 28, 1947, Mayor John Delaney of Perth Amboy created a plan to fight the SIRT's proposal to abandon service between St. George and Tottenville. The Mayor criticized the railroad for failing to notify the city of its intentions. This effort to discontinue service failed, but on July 1, 1948, the New York City Board of Transportation took over all of the bus lines on Staten Island. As a result, the bus fare on Staten Island dropped from five cents per zone (twenty cents Tottenville to the ferry) to seven cents for the whole island, to match the fare of the other city-owned bus lines. The cheaper bus fare resulted in an exodus of passengers from the SIRT. In 1947, the SIRT had carried 12.3 million passengers but after the decrease in bus fares the number decreased to 8.7 million in 1948 and to 4.4 million in 1949. Three months after the change, passenger traffic dropped 32 percent on the Tottenville Division and 40 percent on the other two divisions. The buses saw a 25 percent increase in ridership.
Due to the loss of ridership, on August 28, 1948, the SIRT announced it would reduce service on all three branches on September 5. Service would be reduced from 15-minute intervals in non-rush hours to 30 minutes during that time, and from 5 to 10 minutes in rush hours to 10 to 15 minutes during rush hours. The day afterwards, Richmond Borough President Cornelius A. Hall and Staten Island civic organizations announced they would oppose the proposed cuts. The PSC elected not to prevent the cut in service on September 2, 1948, and the cut went into effect three days later. 237 of the previous 492 weekday trains were cut and the schedule of expresses was reduced during rush hours. In addition, all night trains after 1:29 a.m. were eliminated. The reduction of trips resulted in the firing of 30 percent of the company's personnel.
On September 7, 1948, Borough President Hall continued to oppose the SIRT's cuts at a PSC hearing in Manhattan. Commuters testified that trains were missing connections to ferry boats and that some trains were being held at the St. George Terminal during rush hour to wait for two boatloads of passengers. Previously, they said, the trains pulled out with only one boatload of passengers. On September 13, 1948, the SIRT agreed to add four trains and to extend the schedule of four others. On January 5, 1949, the PSC recommended the SIRT restore the service cut; if it refused, the PSC would order the SIRT to restore the service. Hall suggested lowering the fare to 10 cents or a 20-cent round trip to make the service more competitive with the buses on the island. On January 29, 1949, the PSC ordered the SIRT to restore five trains and to reschedule seven other trains for public convenience, and gave the SIRT until February 13 to carry out the order.
On May 20, 1949, the SIRT announced it intended to discontinue all of its passenger services and that it would seek permission from the PSC to do so, citing the loss of $1,061,716 in 1948. The PSC response was to rule that the railroad must continue its operations or substitute them with buses, otherwise the city should take over the railroad service as part of the municipal transit system. The SIRT made another request to discontinue its passenger service on June 3, 1952, with a date set of July 7. On June 16, the PSC ordered the SIRT to continue all of its passenger services pending a decision on the line's request to abandon its service. On July 9, hearings concerning the proposed abandonment of the railroad began. On July 16, the PSC counsel stated the operating deficits that had been charged to the SIRT's passenger service would disappear if they were included with the freight profits of the B&O in the New York area. After the hearings, the SIRT changed its planned abandonment date to September 12, 1952. The commissioner council said a provision for an additional two months of service, extending it to November 12, 1952, needed to be made.
On December 19, 1952, the PSC gave the SIRT permission to discontinue service on the North Shore Branch and South Beach Branch after March 31, 1953, because of city-operated bus competition. The discontinuation brought the SIRT an estimated annual saving of $308,000. The South Beach Branch was abandoned shortly thereafter while the North Shore Branch continued to carry freight. Bus service on parallel lines was increased to make up for the loss of service on these branches. By 1955, the third rails on both of the lines were removed.
City steps in to subsidize Tottenville service: 1954–1971
While the SIRT had successfully discontinued service on the North Shore Branch and South Beach Branch, it was not successful in its endeavors to discontinue service to Tottenville. On September 7, 1954, the SIRT made an application to discontinue all passenger service on the Tottenville sub-division on October 7, 1954. The PSC warned that if it discontinued its passenger service, action would be taken to remove the SIRT's parent company, the B&O Railroad, from Staten Island, meaning the end of its prospering freight operation. A large city subsidy allowed passenger service on the Tottenville sub-division to continue. Since this sub-division did not need the trains cars left over from the closure of the North Shore and South Beach lines, the SIRT sold 35 of them, of which 5 were trailers, to the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) in 1953–1954 for $10,000 each.
A bill allowing New York City to lease service on the Tottenville line was approved by Governor Harriman on March 20, 1956, paving the way for an agreement between the city and the B&O. On December 13, 1956, the PSC approved an agreement between the B&O and New York City that ensured the Tottenville line would continue to operate; as part of the deal, New York City leased the line's passenger facilities for 20 years and received a small percentage of the line's net income. The SIRT continued to collect revenue and operate service. In addition, the city repaid all taxes owed by the railroad to the city. The agreement went into effect on January 1, 1957. The SIRT's financial troubles continued and in February 1960, it asked the city for $3,870,000 in subsidies, threatening to ask the PSC for permission to discontinue the service if the funds were not provided. In 1959, the SIRT lost $1,100,000, with an average daily ridership of 4,000. On August 25, 1960, the Board of Estimate approved an amendment of the city's contract with the SIRT to increase the annual subsidy. Over the next ten years, the aid was increased from $4,000,000 to $8,400,000.
On April 5, 1962, a fire at Clifton Yard destroyed seven ME-1 train cars and a warehouse, adding to 13 lost in two previous fires and two that were scrapped, leaving the SIRT with only 48 cars to operate regular service. This car shortage meant 44 of its 48 train cars were in service during rush hours, leaving a small margin for errors. To maintain the previous level of service, the SIRT had carefully scheduled maintenance for their train cars; a number of trains were rushed back to Saint George as passenger-free expresses after dropping their loads in the evening rush, helping make up for the lack of train cars. The NYCTA set aside nine BMT Standards for possible transfer to the SIRT. The SIRT also looked at a proposal to transfer some D-type cars. Neither of the proposals were acted upon.
On July 13, 1967, Mayor John Lindsay announced the city was considering purchasing the 48 air conditioned train cars used at Montreal's Expo 67 to transport passengers between the city and the exposition grounds. The cars would have cost $3,840,000, or about $80,000 each, and were expected to be available in October once the fair closed. These cars were 11.7 percent larger than the cars then in service on the SIRT.
Freight operations: 1957–1971
On October 21, 1957, four years after North Shore sub-division passenger trains ended, a train from Washington, D.C.—the last SIRT special—carried Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip across the Arthur Kill Bridge en route to the Staten Island Ferry after a meeting with President Eisenhower. The special train movement was conducted in secrecy and the tracks along the route were cleared for this occasion. The train traveled over B&O, Reading Company, and Lehigh Valley lines to get to Staten Island Junction and the SIRT. The royal train, along with a press train, ended its run at a freight yard at Stapleton.
In November 1947, the Arthur Kill swing bridge was knocked off its center pier foundation by a passing oil tanker, rendering the bridge useless. Freight had to be rerouted through float bridges, with most of it passing through the Central Railroad of New Jersey's yards. The bridge was then condemned by the Army Corps of Engineers. Work on a replacement span started in 1955. On August 25, 1959, the damaged bridge was replaced with a state-of-the-art, single track, 558 feet vertical lift bridge. The 2,000 ton lift span was prefabricated then floated into place. The new bridge was raised 135 feet; because the new bridge aided navigation on the Arthur Kill, the United States Government assumed 90 percent of the $11,000,000 cost of the project. The old bridge had been condemned and ordered replaced by the United States Secretary of the Army in 1949, with an expected cost of $8,000,000 to be split between the SIRT and the U.S. Government. When the bridge reopened, long-unit coal trains from West Virginia began using an extension of the Travis Branch, on Staten Island's West Shore to serve a new Consolidated Edison power plant in Travis.
The closure of Bethlehem Steel in 1960 and of U.S. Gypsum in 1972 led to a dramatic decline in rail traffic via the Arthur Kill Bridge, although there still was enough traffic in the 1970s to keep car floats reasonably busy.
Final grade-crossing elimination: 1960–1964
On November 7, 1960, an accident took place at the grade crossing at North Railroad Avenue and Bancroft Avenue, four blocks away from the New Dorp station. An eight-year-old girl was killed and 31 children were injured as a train struck a crowded school bus as it was about to exit the crossing. A grand jury had ordered the closure of this crossing and 12 others along this stretch of the line, after a train killed a high-school girl at a crossing eight blocks away in December 1959. The railroad had been given an extension of time so it could install gates. On November 10, 1960, Staten Island Borough President Albert Maniscalco ordered the closure of this grade crossing and announced that he expected work on eliminating the grade crossing to begin the following year.
On August 29, 1964, the PSC approved a $10,923,000 project to eliminate the last remaining grade-crossings on the line between the Jefferson Avenue and Grant City stations. As part of the project, new platforms and station buildings were built at New Dorp and Grant City, and new platforms were built at Jefferson Avenue. To eliminate the grade crossing, the line was raised on an embankment for part of the way and was depressed into an open cut for the rest. To avoid interfering with train service, a temporary track was constructed to the east of the original line and a new, crossing-free line was constructed upon the original right of way.
Following the 1964 opening of the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, which directly connected Staten Island with the rest of the city by road, ridership on the SIRT, which had been steadily increasing at a rate of 300,000 a year in the early 1960s, increasing 34 percent between 1960 and 1964, precipitously declined. Annual ridership decreased from 6.4 million in 1964 to 5.7 million in 1965. The previous ridership growth had been despite increasing car ownership.
Transfer to MTA operation: 1968–1971
In May 1968, the President of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA), William Ronan, proposed that New York City take control of the SIRT and spend $25 million on modernizing the line. This proposal was part of a 20-year, $2.9-billion plan announced by the agency on February 28. Some of the money allocated to the SIRT would be used to purchase new trains. On December 18, 1969, the Board of Estimate approved the purchase of the SIRT for $1 and the use of $3.5 million to purchase the line's 48 cars, 70 acres of real estate, the air rights over the tracks, and the line's Clifton Shops. The additional land was purchased to allow for a wider right-of-way, parking lots, and station improvements. As part of the agreement, the B&O would continue to operate freight service over the line once a day.
On January 1, 1970, New York City's lease of the Tottenville line was terminated; after that date the city reimbursed the railroad for its passenger deficits. On May 29, 1970, New York City and the SIRT entered an agreement for NYC to purchase the Tottenville line, as part of which the SIRT was reserved the right to operate freight service over the line. The city was required to ensure the track was in good condition for SIRT's freight operations. The freight operation was reorganized as the Staten Island Railroad Corporation. On June 29, 1970, the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority was incorporated as a subsidiary of the state's MTA to acquire and operate the SIRT.
On April 21, 1971, the ICC approved the city's purchase of the line. On July 1, 1971, operation of the Tottenville line was turned over to the Staten Island Rapid Transit Operating Authority, a division of the state's MTA. The line itself was purchased by the City of New York for $1 and the MTA paid the B&O $3.5 million for the line's equipment. Grade crossings along the Tottenville line had to be removed by the B&O to finalize the deal. Grade crossings were supposed to have been eliminated in the 1930s but a lack of finances—partially resulting from the Great Depression and World War II—prevented it.
Despite MTA improvements, problems persist: 1970s and 1980s
On June 15, 1972, five 1955-built, air-conditioned coaches on loan from the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) went into service on the SIRT. One three-car train made one round trip during the morning and operated again during the afternoon peak. As a result of previous tests, the edges of the platforms at St. George were trimmed for the extra clearance required by the LIRR cars, which were 85 feet long. The cars were only 15 feet longer than the 45 cars in operation but had a seating capacity of 123 passengers—almost double the capacity of the other coaches.
On February 1, 1972, the fare on the SIRT was increased for the first time since 1958, to 35 cents from an average fare of 22 cents; the system used to have zoned fares. The fare increase applied to the whole system and was accompanied by the elimination of commutation tickets and student tickets. Previously, fares ranged from 20 to 35 cents. Sixteen percent of riders of the 17,000 daily riders had no change in fare. There was a 10 percent increase for 51 percent of passengers and a 15 percent increase for the remaining 33 percent. The fare increase was expected to bring in an extra $400,000 a year.
At the time, the line was operating at a deficit of $2.9 million a year, with $2.5 million of it offset by a subsidy from the city. The MTA had plans for a $25 million improvement program for the line including new train cars. Improvements were also planned for the tower and signal systems, for the roadbed and for the stations. Increased power, 8000 feet of new rails, and mercury-vapor lighting at 14 of the 22 stations were also part of the plan. Three quarters of the $25 million were to be provided by 1967 state transportation bond issue and the remaining $6.25 million was to be paid by the city.
On February 28, 1973, the first six new R44 cars were put into service on the SIRT. These were part of a 52-car order from the Saint Louis Car Company—the same type of cars as the newest cars then in use on subway lines in the other boroughs. The R44s replaced the ME-1 rolling stock inherited from the B&O that had remained in continuous service since 1925 when the system was electrified.
During the 1970s, the MTA's ability to improve service on the line was hampered by several strikes by the SIRT's workers. From December 11, 1975, to April 1976, service on the SIRT was shut down because the line's 61 motormen and conductors went on strike. The strike ended once the MTA agreed to give them 14% wage increases.
In December 1976, SIRTOA recently completed projects to provide remote control of SIRT's electrical substations from the central one at St. George, and to install a two-way radio system. The former project improved the reliability of the system's power system, while the latter provided direct communication between the St. George control center and all trains, allowing information about the status of SIRT operations to be sent immediately to train staff and passengers on trains.
In December 1977, SIRTOA was preparing to begin construction on a pair of projects that would allow longer four-car trains to be run during rush hours regularly. New York City covered 25 percent of the cost of the projects, while New York State covered the remaining 75 percent. The first project was the construction of a new electrical substation capable of handling 4,000 kilowatts in Grant City, and the second was the expansion and modernization of the repair shop at Clifton Yard.
Work on the new Grant City substation building, which would cost $506,592, was expected to start in January 1978 and be completed by March 1979, while the installation of electrical equipment, which would cost $1.8 million, would begin in September 1978 and be completed in 1980. The project was the first in a series of improvement part of a long-term program to upgrade the SIRT's electrical supply and make it more reliable. In later phases, the new equipment installed in the new Grant City substation would also be installed in older substations on the line. In response to complaints from nearby residents, the design of the substation was modified to blend in with the character of the surrounding residential area, and would be constructed within the SIRT's open cut right-of-way. In addition, greenery and shrubs would be installed to beautify the structure's roof, which was located at street level. Work on the project was finally underway in April 1979, and was expected to be completed by the end of 1980.
The Clifton Yard project was planned to improve the maintenance of the SIRT's new fleet of R44 cars. This $3.9 million project, as of December 1977, was expected to begin in 1978 and be completed by the end of 1979. The project would extend and modernize the car maintenance shop, and construct new storage facilities, and a new two-story motor and wheel repair shop. The extension of the existing maintenance shop would allow the inspection pits to be rebuilt. These pits were designed to fit the ME-1 cars, which were 8 feet shorter than the R44 cars. The improvements at the shop would increase the number of cars that could be overhauled and inspected daily by 50 percent. As of April 1979, work was expected to be completed by the middle of 1980.
On August 6, 1980, an MTA committee evaluated whether it should continue operating the rail line. On September 28, 1981, Assemblyman Robert Straniere announced that half of the $25 million allocated for capital improvements to the SIRT from bond use funds would be used for improved power distribution and the modernization of stations. Eleven stations would have their platforms extended, completing the extension of platforms along the line and two stations would have their wooden platforms replaced. In addition, equipment at four substations would be improved, new switches would be installed at Tottenville interlocking, and the wye track at St. George would be realigned to fit four-car trains, among other improvements. As part of the MTA's inaugural Capital Program from 1981, Pleasant Plains and Prince's Bay stations were rebuilt and the platforms at several other stations were lengthened.
On September 23, 1985, SIRTOA began work to repair structural problems at ten stations, including crumbling stairways. Temporary access paths, platforms and stairways were constructed to allow service to be maintained while work was underway.
On October 22, 1986, midday service was reduced in frequency from one train every 20 minutes to one every 30 minutes, due to a reduction in ferry service. Weekend service was reduced by 15 trains to 78 and weekday service was reduced by 15 to 109. In the following two years, ridership reduced from 6.47 million to 6.23 million.
Improvements in fare collection: 1985–1994
Beginning on December 18, 1985, passengers traveling between 5:50 a.m. and 10 a.m. were required to pay their fares after they exit the train. People exiting at St. George were required to pay their fares by dropping a pre-purchased ticket in a box near twelve turnstiles, which were rearranged to reduce backups. Previously these turnstiles were only used for evening rush hours. At other stations, riders were to pay their fares as they exited station platforms. The change was made to reduce fare evasion. Despite the fact that ridership on the railroad increased 38 percent since 1977, revenue did not grow as conductors collecting tickets often could not get to all passengers in time due to crowding on trains. At the time, tickets could be purchased at Tottenville and St. George at all times, or from Grant City, New Dorp, Dongan Hills, Oakwood Heights, Eltingville and Great Kills between 6 a.m. and 2 p.m.
Tokens began to be accepted at St. George on April 20, 1988. A month later, tokens were used by 80 percent of riders. Tokens could be bought at vending machines between 6 a.m. and 10 a.m. at Huguenot, Annadale, Eltingville, Great Kills, Oakwood Heights, New Dorp, Grant City, and Dongan Hills, and at St. George at all times. On October 18, 1992, the NYCTA began distributing free transfers between the SIRT and bus routes on Staten Island.
On March 31, 1994, MetroCards began being accepted for fare payment at the St. George station, making it the 50th subway or Staten Island Railway station to accept it. On July 4, 1997, the MTA eliminated fares for trips between Tompkinsville and Tottenville. This fare cut was part of the "One City, One Fare" fare cuts in 1997. The change was made, in part, because no turnstiles were installed at any of the other stations along the line. Riders using St. George began having to pay while entering and exiting. Previously, fares were collected on board by the conductor. Passengers on weekday trains arriving at St. George between 5:50 a.m. and 10:50 a.m. had to pay their fares with a token, special fare ticket, or a transfer when they exited. MetroCards were accepted at St. George while cash, transfers, tokens, and special fare tickets were accepted by conductors at the other stations. Also on July 4, 1997, the Staten Island Ferry was made free. The union representing the SIR's workers, United Transportation Union local 1440, was worried about the change, in part because of an expected rise in ridership. The removal of fares was blamed for an immediate spike of crime along the line.
Rebranding and service improvements: 1990s
The MTA rebranded the Staten Island Rapid Transit as the MTA Staten Island Railway (SIR) on April 2, 1994; Staten Island Railway was the line's original name. This move followed the transfer of the Staten Island Rapid Transit from the New York City Transit Authority's Surface Transit Division to the Department of Rapid Transit on July 26, 1993.
On December 2, 1991, service on the SIRT changed from four-car trains to two-car trains between 9 p.m. and 5 a.m. to reduce track and car maintenance costs. In February 1992, it was estimated that the change led to reduced energy costs and a 13 percent reduction in car maintenance costs. This change was originally intended to go into effect by June 1988. In 1988, it was decided to transfer 12 R44 cars from the New York City Subway to the SIR in anticipation of expanding trains to five cars to accommodate an expected growth in ridership and to reduce overcrowding, which did not materialize. During the mid-2000s, some trains did run with five cars. The SIR timetable stated, "Select rush hour trains operate with additional cars. For a more comfortable ride, please use all available cars." Platforms at 18 stations were lengthened to accommodate five-car trains in 1988.
In 1993, the Dongan Hills station became accessible under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. In 1998, renovations were completed at St. George, Tompkinsville, Stapleton, New Dorp, Richmond Valley and Tottenville.
On April 7, 1999, three additional afternoon express runs, which skipped stops between St. George and Great Kills, were added to the schedule, almost doubling the previously scheduled express service.
On June 24, 2001, a small section of the easternmost portion of the North Shore Branch (a few hundred feet) was reopened to provide passenger service to the new Richmond County Bank Ballpark, home of the Staten Island Yankees minor-league baseball team. The station cost $3.5 million to build. One train was scheduled to travel to/from Tottenville and two or three shuttle trains from St. George served the station. Trains last served the station in September 2009 and the service was discontinued as part of budget cuts on June 18, 2010, the day of the first scheduled home game for the Yankees. The elimination of this service saved $30,000 annually.
Consistent growth: 2000s and 2010s
In 2004, the SIR put out its preliminary budget for 2005; it proposed several service cuts to offset an increased debt. For 2005, the agency proposed implementing One Person Train Operation, adding fare collection at Tompkinsville, reducing the fleet to 52 cars, eliminating express service, and reducing trains to two cars during off-peak hours. For 2006, it proposed eliminating weekend service from 2 a.m. Saturday to 5 a.m. Monday. Starting on May 1, 2005, SIR trains started running with two cars between 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. every night, stopping near station entrances to deter crime.
In June 2005, a new cab signaling system and a new control center went into effect at St. George; the system is still in use and has received minor upgrades. These improvements cost $100 million and helped enhance safety and increase operational flexibility. The new signal system provided improved signal visibility, continuous speed enforcement, and central monitoring at St. George, and the ability to remotely change switch positions; all switches on the main line were interlocked as part of the project. The cab signalling system sounds an alarm inside the cab to control train speeds and automatically applies the brake if needed. Prior to the new system's implementation, there were no safeguards in place to prevent trains traveling at full speed after ignoring a signal and continuing past a bumping block. The new signal system required the installation of 30 miles of underground fiber optic cable. The signals system limits the maximum speed at certain points and at sharp curves, and limits trains to 15 mph when approaching a terminal.
On July 17, 2006, rush-hour express service was sped up, with all morning express trains running non-stop from New Dorp to St. George. Evening express service started earlier under the new timetable. In response to record ridership growth on the SIR, rush-hour express service was expanded in late 2007. Evening service was expanded on November 14 when five additional express trains were added, expanding the span of express service by 80 minutes. Morning service express service was expanded on December 5. The span of express service was extended by 45 minutes during the morning with the addition of three express trains. Express service was also added in the off-peak direction to Tottenville during the morning, with five express trips leaving St. George. Five local trains were also added to the schedule.
A new stationhouse at Tompkinsville opened on January 20, 2010, with turnstiles installed for the first time. The stationhouse cost $6.9 million, and was equipped with low turnstiles and fare vending machines. The turnstiles were installed because passengers often avoided paying the fare by exiting at Tompkinsville and taking a short, 0.5 mile walk to the St. George ferry terminal. It was estimated the SIR lost $3.4 million every year as a result. Trains heading to St. George during the morning rush hour, and trains leaving St. George in the evening rush hour had skipped Tompkinsville and Stapleton in an effort to reduce fare evasion. Service stopped at these stations every hour while all other rush hour trains bypassed them. After the installation of the turnstiles, the revenue generated at Tompkinsville made up 15% of the SIR's revenue. Schedules were changed, with locals and most non-rush hour trains stopping. In 2010, it was announced the MTA planned to restore fare collection on the entire line to raise more revenue and reduce crime. This was planned to be implemented once the MetroCard was replaced with a smartcard. In the interim, the MTA proposed installing turnstiles at Grasmere because it is a heavily used transfer point to the S53 bus to Brooklyn.
In a 2006 report, the Staten Island Advance explored the restoration of passenger services on 5.1 mi of the North Shore Branch between St. George Ferry Terminal and Arlington station. Completion of the study is necessary to qualify the project for the estimated $360 million. A preliminary study found ridership could reach 15,000 daily. U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer from New York requested $4 million of federal funding for a detailed feasibility study. In 2012, the MTA released an analysis of transportation solutions for the North Shore, which included proposals for the reintroduction of heavy rail, light rail, or bus rapid transit using the North Shore line's right-of-way. Other options included transportation systems management, which would improve existing bus service, and the possibility of future ferry and water taxi services. Bus rapid transit was preferred for its cost and relative ease of implementation, which would require $352 million in capital investment. , the project has yet to receive funding.
On May 21, 2012, Grasmere station started to be rehabilitated. The construction included demolition and rebuilding of the station platform and station house. A temporary platform and entrance were built north of the main station. Construction was finished in April 2014.
A new, ADA-compliant station named Arthur Kill, near the southern terminus of the present line, opened on January 21, 2017, after numerous delays. The station is sited between Atlantic and Nassau stations, which it replaced. Atlantic and Nassau were in the poorest condition of all the stations on the line. Unlike the Atlantic and Nassau stations, Arthur Kill is able to platform a four-car train. The MTA has provided parking for 150 automobiles near the station. Ground was broken for the $15.3 million station on October 18, 2013. The contract for the project was awarded on July 31, 2013. The building of a station at Rosebank, which would bridge the gap between Grasmere and Clifton stations—the longest gap between stations on the line—has also been discussed. A Rosebank station once existed on the now-defunct South Beach Branch of the railway.
The 2015–2019 MTA Capital Plan called for the SIR's Richmond Valley station and 32 subway stations to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the Enhanced Station Initiative. Updates would include the addition of cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting. The capital plan also called for the reconstruction of the Clifton Yard, which had been damaged during Hurricane Sandy in 2012, as well as the addition of storm walls at St. George. The St. George flood walls were finished in mid-2017, while the Clifton Yard reconstruction was to be completed in 2021. In 2022, the MTA awarded a contract to install seven 150 ft monopole antennas to replace the SIR's existing radio system.
Decline: 1971–2000
Through a merger with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, the B&O became part of the larger C&O system. The freight operation on the island was renamed the Staten Island Railroad Corporation in 1971, after it was separated from the island's passenger service. On April 1, 1976, the Federal Government created Conrail to take over the potentially profitable lines of multiple bankrupt carriers in the northeast United States; as a result the B&O and C&O became isolated from their properties in New Jersey and Staten Island. Most of their freight service, with the exception of one daily train to Cranford Junction, was truncated to Philadelphia. By 1973, the car float yard at Jersey City operated by Jersey Central had closed. Afterwards, the car float operation at Saint George Yard was brought back; the New York Dock Railway took over the operation in September 1979, but closed it the next year. Only a few isolated industries on Staten Island were using rail service for freight, essentially abandoning St. George Yard.
A lack of business led the C&O system to sell the Staten Island Railroad to the New York, Susquehanna & Western Railroad, which was owned by the Delaware Otsego Corporation on April 24, 1985. In October 1989, the Susquehanna embargoed the 4 miles of track east of Elm Park on the North Shore Branch, ending rail freight traffic to Saint George. In 1990, the line's largest customer, Procter & Gamble, closed, leading to a large drop in freight traffic. The last freight train ran over the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge in 1990 and the bridge was taken out of service on July 25, 1991. Afterwards, the North Shore Branch and the Arthur Kill Bridge were taken over by CSX. The line and bridge were purchased again in 1994, this time by the New York City Economic Development Corporation (NYCEDC), whose purchase was followed by a decade of false starts. In 1998, Conrail broke up, allowing parts of lines once operated by the competitors of the B&O to become a part of CSX. The railroad line was still intact from Cranford Junction to Arlington.
Reactivation: 2000–present
During the early 2000s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced plans to reopen the Staten Island Railroad line in New Jersey. Since the Jersey Central became a New Jersey Transit line, a new junction would be built to the ex-Lehigh Valley Railroad line. Two rail tunnels from Brooklyn were planned—one to Staten Island and one to Greenville, New Jersey—and would allow freight to pass through New York on its way from New England to the South. In December 2004, a $72 million project to reactivate freight service on Staten Island and to repair the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge was announced by the NYCEDC and the Port Authority. Specific projects on the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge included repainting the steel superstructure and rehabilitating the lift mechanism. In June 2006, the freight line connection from New Jersey to the Staten Island Railroad was completed, and became operated in part by the Morristown and Erie Railway under contract with other companies and New Jersey.
The Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge was renovated in 2006 and began regular service on April 2, 2007; 16 years after it was closed. As part of the project, a portion of the North Shore Branch was rehabilitated, the Arlington Yard was expanded, and 6500 ft of new track was laid along the Travis Branch to Fresh Kills. Soon after service restarted on the line, Mayor Michael Bloomberg officially commemorated the reactivation on April 17, 2007. Service was provided by CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway, and Conrail over the Travis Branch to haul waste from the Staten Island Transfer Station at Fresh Kills and ship container freight from the Howland Hook Marine Terminal and other industrial businesses. Along the remainder of the North Shore Branch, there are still tracks and rail overpasses in some places. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 98 Part 1.djvu/775
PUBLIC LAW 98-369—JULY 18, 1984
98 STAT. 727
5
sion of insurance on retired lives, for premium stabilization, or for a combination thereof. For purposes of paragraph (3), the appropriate rate of interest for any obligation is the higher of the prevailing State assumed interest rate as of the time such obligation first did not involve life, accident, or health contingencies or the rate of interest assumed by the company (as of such time) in determining the guaranteed benefit. "(d) METHOD OF COMPUTING RESERVES FOR PURPOSES OF DETERMINING INCOME.—
^ g 3 -1,
"(1) IN GENERAL.—For purposes of this part (other than section 816), the amount of the life insurance reserves for any Post, p. 748. contract shall be the greater of— "(A) the net surrender value of such contract, or "(B) the reserve determined under paragraph (2). In no event shall the reserve determined under the preceding sentence for any contract as of any time exceed the amount which would be taken into account with respect to such contract as of such time in determining statutory reserves (as defined in section 809(b)(4)(B)). Post, p. 733. "(2) AMOUNT OF RESERVE.—The amount of the reserve deter-
mined under this paragraph with respect to any contract shall J be determined by using— "(A) the tax reserve method applicable to such contract, "(B) the prevailing State assumed interest rate, and "(C) the prevailing commissioners' standard tables for mortality and morbidity adjusted as appropriate to reflect the risks (such as substandard risks) incurred under the contract which are not otherwise taken into account. "(3) TAX RESERVE METHOD.—For purposes of this subsection— "(A) IN GENERAL.—The term 'tax reserve method' means— "(i) LIFE INSURANCE CONTRACTS.—The CRVM in the case of a contract covered by the CRVM. "(ii) ANNUITY CONTRACTS.—The CARVM in the case j ix. • of a contract covered by the CARVM. "(iii) NONCANCELLABLE ACCIDENT AND HEALTH INSURANCE CONTRACTS.—In the case of any noncancellable accident and health insurance contract, a 2-year full preliminary term method. "(iv) OTHER CONTRACTS.—In the case of any contract not described in clause (i), (ii), or (iii)— "(I) the reserve method prescribed by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners which covers such contract (as of the date of issuance), or "(II) if no reserve method has been prescribed by -m f *ti>1the National Association of Insurance Commissioners which covers such contract, a reserve method Vi which is consistent with the reserve method required under clause (i), (ii), or (iii) or under subclause (I) of this clause as of the date of the issuance of such contract (whichever is most appropriate). "(B) DEFINITION OF CRVM AND CARVM.—For purposes of
this paragraph— "(i) CRVM.—The term 'CRVM' means the Commissioners' Reserve Valuation Method prescribed by the
� | WIKI |
Elfreda Chatman
Elfreda Annmary Chatman (1942-2002) was an African-American researcher, professor, and former Catholic religious sister. She was well known for her ethnographic approaches in researching information seeking behaviors among understudied or minority groups (poor people, the elderly, retired women, female inmates, and janitors).
Contributions
Dr. Chatman's research contributions or developments resulted in several middle-range theories: Information Poverty, Life in Round, and Normative Behavior. Based on her background in sociology, she introduced her "small worlds" method to studying information behavior.
Life in the Round
This theory draws on Chatman's study of female prisoners at a maximum-security prison in the northeastern United States. After observing inmates both during and outside their interactions with the prison's professional employees, Chatman observes that the women live "in the round", that is, "within an acceptable degree of approximation and imprecision". Instead of seeking information about the outside world, over which they have no control, prisoners avoid gathering this type of information: in order to survive, they place importance on "daily living patterns, relationships, and issues that come within the prison environment" over which they can exercise agency. In this way, inmates display defensive information seeking behavior.
Inmates form a "small world," a closed community where private opinion gives way to a shared reality and accompanying information-seeking behavior. Social norms established by inmates determine the importance or triviality of a piece of information; as such, information that affects prisoners in an immediate way - such as illness while medical staff are off-duty - gain importance, while information on the outside world becomes trivial. Chatman concludes that life in the round disfavor's information seeking behaviour, as there is no need to search for outside information. Prisoners "are not part of the world... being defined by outsiders"; because inmates do not need additional information to participate fully in their reality, they do not seek it out.
Chatman saw that these disincentives to information seeking could become cultural norms in the small worlds that the people she observed took their norms from, and that these cultural norms could produce what she labeled information poverty, where a group could perpetuate norms that would cause the avoidance of information that would be useful to people in the group if they were to seek it out.
Biography
Chatman received her B.S. from Youngstown State University, her M.S.L.S. from Case Western Reserve University, and her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. She was also at one point a member of the Humility Sisters Of Mary based in Ohio.
Her 1992 book, The Information World of Retired Women (Greenwood Press), won the ACRL Best Book Award in 1995. Chatman participated in the American Library Association's Library Research Round Table (LRRT) during the 1980s and 1990s, and served as LRRT Chair in 1993-1994.
Chatman was a professor at Louisiana State University, School of Library and Information Science 1984-1985, then for more than a decade at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill UNC School of Information and Library Science, starting in 1985, and a research award there is named for her.
She was teaching at the School of Information Studies at Florida State University at the time of her death on January 15, 2002, at the age of 59.
Legacy
An Association for Information Science and Technology Special Interest Group named a research award for her in 2005.
Works
* The diffusion of information among the working poor. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms International, 1984.
* The information world of retired women. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* The information world of retired women. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* The information world of retired women. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* The information world of retired women. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* The information world of retired women. New York: Greenwood Press, 1992.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000.
* "Framing social life in theory and research". The New Review of Information Behaviour Research. 1: 3-17. 2000. | WIKI |
Chain or slide rail configurations can easily be copied from one conveyor to other conveyors with a few clicks. Design Tool uses same command labeling as other Microsoft tools, where configurations are painted from one part to another.
Copy chain and/or slide rail configuration
1. Select the conveyor that has the correct chain or slide rail configuration.
2. Click the Home / Conveyor / Config painter menu item.
3. A window will open where it is possible to select which configurations that should be copied.
4. Tick the check box next to the Chain text, this means that it will only copy the chain configuration to another conveyor. If the slide rail configuration should be copied, tick the Slide rail check box also. This window specified what information that will be copied from the selected conveyor.
5. To start painting the configurations on other conveyor, just click on the other conveyors. Note that several conveyors can be clicked sequentially.
6. To stop copying the chain configuration to other conveyors, close the window by clicking on Done. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Gebbeth
The result was merge to Earthsea. (non-admin closure) Ron Ritzman (talk) 00:21, 12 June 2009 (UTC)
Gebbeth
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
This fictional creature plays a role in one novel and may be mentioned in couple of other works by Ursula K. LeGuin, but that's about it. It doesn't strike me as notable enough for a standalone article. Clarityfiend (talk) 06:55, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Fictional elements-related deletion discussions. -- TexasAndroid (talk) 12:03, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
* Merge content into description of creatures in the Earthsea article if Gebbeths play an important enough role. Loves Macs (talk) 13:44, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
* Merge into Earthsea. This topic doesn't have the notability for a stand-alone article but it fits in under the parent topic. Them From Space 16:23, 5 June 2009 (UTC)
* Merge to Earthsea Article subject has a siginficant place within the setting. Edward321 (talk) 03:03, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:WAZAAAA/mp3vsogg
Recently, there has been some controversy over the "final decision" made by Jimbo Wales over the decision to have all spoken wikipedia and uploaded sound files to Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons to be in Ogg Vorbis format.
Various debates on the subject can be found at the discussion page for Media and places around Wikipedia.
Various arguments have been made pro-MP3 (OGG is inconvenient and scares and drives away users, nearly the entire population has MP3 support and portable MP3 players, limiting to OGG slows the growth of Spoken Wikipedia project, etc.), and pro-OGG (Wikipedia should support open-source projects and make everyone like it).
I am making this page to provide a side-by-side comparison of the arguments pro and con MP3 and OGG usage.
Arguments for MP3/against OGG-only
* The MP3 format is in every Windows and Macintosh computer, by default, being used
* MP3s can be used at libraries, schools, and other computers without privileges to install software—codec level or otherwise
* Most mainstream portable music players are MP3 only (such as the undisputably most-popular iPod)
* Blind and near-blind users of Spoken Wikipedia should be catered to—not made to install software
* Users have choice as to what media players and portable MP3 music players to buy
* Forcing users to use OGG is like putting a sign up on the front page for IE users, "GO GET FIREFOX, YOU LAZY BASTARD," instead of letting them just read articles
Arguments for OGG/against MP3
* Jimbo Wales said so
* OGG is "playable by all major players on all major operating systems" with "very little inconvenience" (according to Jimbo Wales)
* OGG is open source, while MP3 technology is patented (Frauenhoffer Society)
* It is not Wikipedia's responsibility to "be convenient" for the 98% of population with MP3 and not OGG
* It is Wikipedia's responsibility to help out OGG (to the exclusion of all else), as it's open source
Proposed compromises
* Allow support for MP3s alongside OGGs
* Make the spoken articles and sound files useful with no hassle, while allowing the OGG supporters to show their support for the format
* Let the WikiMedia software transcode audio files to ogg or mp3, in whichever format it was uploaded, so everyone (contributors and visitors) could use the format they want/can.
* Create an embedded player for spoken articles and sound files
* À la Google Video and MySpace Music—an embedded Flash player that users can turn on or off support for that will play the OGGs and MP3s streaming directly onto the page, with the downloadable files still available
Implications
The larger questions raised by this issue touch the core of Wikipedia.
Is Wikipedia more interested in serving the users or in murky attempts to force users to use open source software? Should those providing the content for a project decide what format it should be in, or should it be mandated from on high? Is Wikipedia run by "what-if's" and "wouldn't it be a magical place if's" rather than "the reality of it all is"'ss's'? What say do the users and Wikipedians have as to decisions like the "final" one made on OGG vs. MP3? | WIKI |
Page:History of India Vol 7.djvu/78
50 THE STRUGGLE WITH THE PORTUGUESE The galleons, now separated at ebb-tide from our ships by a spit of sand, could only fire across it, doing some damage to rigging, but none to the hulls. Mean- while the flames from the burning vessels caught the mainmast of the Hope. By heroic efforts she at length cast them off, and they drifted on to the shoals, burning AN EARLY ENGLISH WAR - SHIP. After a painting by Holbein. to the water's edge. One hard day's battle, January 20, 1615, taught the Portuguese that, if they were to capture our squadron, it must be by fair fighting with their larger ships, and that their mosquito swarm of " frigates " had better keep out of range. They cost us but five men killed; while a Persian reported that the Portuguese sent 350 men ashore to be buried at Daman, and Downton reckoned their loss at one hun- dred men slain besides those drowned. Next day, the 22d, the Portuguese endeavoured to patch up a truce | WIKI |
AnsweredAssumed Answered
CMIS search problem in public REST API
Question asked by djole87 on Jul 1, 2019
Latest reply on Jul 4, 2019 by afaust
Hi everyone,
I'm am trying to integrate with Alfresco using it's public REST API and I found some limitations there so far.
Currently I'm using Alfresco 5.2 Community edition.
First I was not able to get list of all available fields on a node, as it is not possible to get dictionary info using Alfresco's public REST API. With above mentioned, I assume I cannot also get list of all available permissions that one can set on a node, please correct if I'm wrong?
Now if I'm using search API, and cmis QL, I'm not able to get just specific properties from the cmis:document. If I use following POST call:
http://localhost:port/alfresco/api/-default-/public/search/versions/1/search
with following body parameter:
{
"query": {
"language": "cmis",
"query": "select * from cmis:document where cmis:name like 'tes%'",
}
}
result I've got is as expected.
But if I use query to select specific cmis properties e.g.
"query": "select cmis:objectId from cmis:document where cmis:name like 'djur%'",
it returns me exactly the same subset of data as I'm using '*'.
Is this a bug in Alfresco public REST API, or is there another way to achieve what I described above?
Thanks in advance,
Djordje
Outcomes | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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事件模块的演变
作者: snandy 来源: 博客园 发布时间: 2011-04-12 10:40 阅读: 2234 次 推荐: 0 原文链接 [收藏]
上一篇正式推出了我的事件模块event_v1，已经搭起了它的初始框架。或许有人要说，与众多JS库或框架相比，它还没有解决事件对象的兼容性问题。是的，我故意将此放到后续补充。因为事件对象的兼容性问题太多了，太繁琐了。
这篇我将引入一个私有的_fixEvent函数，add中将调用该函数。_fixEvent将修复（或称包装）原生事件对象，返回一个标准的统一接口的事件对象。如下：
function _fixEvent( evt, el ) {
var props = "altKey attrChange attrName bubbles button cancelable charCode clientX clientY ctrlKey currentTarget data detail eventPhase fromElement handler keyCode layerX layerY metaKey newValue offsetX offsetY originalTarget pageX pageY prevValue relatedNode relatedTarget screenX screenY shiftKey srcElement target toElement view wheelDelta which".split(" "),
len
= props.length;
function now() {return (new Date).getTime();}
function returnFalse() {return false;}
function returnTrue() {return true;}
function Event( src ) {
this.originalEvent = src;
this.type = src.type;
this.timeStamp = now();
}
Event.prototype
= {
preventDefault:
function() {
this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
var e = this.originalEvent;
if( e.preventDefault ) {
e.preventDefault();
}
e.returnValue
= false;
},
stopPropagation:
function() {
this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
var e = this.originalEvent;
if( e.stopPropagation ) {
e.stopPropagation();
}
e.cancelBubble
= true;
},
stopImmediatePropagation:
function() {
this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;
this.stopPropagation();
},
isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse
};
var originalEvent = evt;
evt
= new Event( originalEvent );
for(var i = len, prop; i;) {
prop
= props[ --i ];
evt[ prop ]
= originalEvent[ prop ];
}
if(!evt.target) {
evt.target
= evt.srcElement || document;
}
if( evt.target.nodeType === 3 ) {
evt.target
= evt.target.parentNode;
}
if( !evt.relatedTarget && evt.fromElement ) {
evt.relatedTarget
= evt.fromElement === evt.target ? evt.toElement : evt.fromElement;
}
if( evt.pageX == null && evt.clientX != null ) {
var doc = document.documentElement, body = document.body;
evt.pageX
= evt.clientX + (doc && doc.scrollLeft || body && body.scrollLeft || 0) - (doc && doc.clientLeft || body && body.clientLeft || 0);
evt.pageY
= evt.clientY + (doc && doc.scrollTop || body && body.scrollTop || 0) - (doc && doc.clientTop || body && body.clientTop || 0);
}
if( !evt.which && ((evt.charCode || evt.charCode === 0) ? evt.charCode : evt.keyCode) ) {
evt.which
= evt.charCode || evt.keyCode;
}
if( !evt.metaKey && evt.ctrlKey ) {
evt.metaKey
= evt.ctrlKey;
}
if( !evt.which && evt.button !== undefined ) {
evt.which
= (evt.button & 1 ? 1 : ( evt.button & 2 ? 3 : ( evt.button & 4 ? 2 : 0 ) ));
}
if(!evt.currentTarget) evt.currentTarget = el;
return evt;
}
好了，现在你要：
1，阻止事件默认行为，统一使用e.preventDefault()
2，停止冒泡，统一使用e. stopPropagation()
3，获取事件源，统一使用e.target
...
更多的差异性，不在这一一列举了。请参考我在google doc上整理的文档：各浏览器中事件对象差异性列表。呃，不能翻墙的同学抱歉了。
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Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 3.djvu/297
A. D. 1662. Anno decimo tertio & quarto Caroli II. C. 15. 249 (hall ufe or exercifethe feid Trade ; the one Moiety thereof to the Ufe of his faid Majefty, his Heirs and Succeffors, and the other Moiety thereof to fuch Perfon or Perfons as (hall fue for the fame in any of the Courts of Record within this Realm of England, or before any the Juftices of Oyer and Terminer^ or the Before whom to Tufticesvof the Peace at their Quarter-Seflions of the Peace, by A6lion of Debt, Bill, Plaint or Informa- be recovered. tion, or by any other lawful Ways or Means whatfoever, wherein no Protection, Wager of Law or Ef- fojn'fhall be allowed. -III. And for.the better enabling of the faid Mafter, Wardens, AfTiftants and Commonalty of Silk- throwers, and their Succeffors, in their Government ; (z) be it further enadled by the Authority aforefaid. That all and every Perfon and Perfons whatfoever, now ufing or exercifing as Mafters, the faid Art, Trade r.very Perfon or Myftery, or fuch as have ferved as Apprentices to the faid Trade by the Space of feven Years at the ufing Uie Tjsde leaft, within the faid Cities of London and Wejiminjier, and the feveral Suburbs thereof, or within twenty ^^^^°^^,'''^ Mile's Compafs of them, or either of them, (hall, before the twenty-fifth Day oi December, which fhall be fhaii enter him- in the Year of our Lord one thoufand fix hundred fixty and two, be admitted, and are hereby enjoined to feifof thefaid enter themfelves, into the faid Society or Corporation, and to perform and be fubjed and obedient to ali he'ru^/jfa ro'hs luch Statutes, Laws, Orders, Ordinances and Conftitutions, as are or fliall be made or ord.iiiicd for or LnwiandOrJcrs concerning the Exercife, Regulation or Government of the faid Art, Trade or Myftery, or of any Perfon thereof. or Perfons ufing or exercifing the fame ; ( 3 ) upon Pain of Forfeiture of the Sum of forty Shillings for every The Penalty. Month he or they fhall ule or exercife the faid Trade, after the faid twenty-fifth Day of December one tlioufand fix hundred fixty and two ; the one Moiety thereof to the Ufe of his faid Majefty, his Heirs and Succeffors and the other Moiety thereof to fuch Perfon and Perfons as (hall fue for the fame in any the Courts of Record within this Realm of England, or before any the Juftices of Oyer and Terminer, or the Tuftices of Peace at their Quarter-Selfions of the Peace, by Adlion of Debt, Bill, Plaint or Information, or by any other lawful Ways and Means whatfoever, wherein no Protedion, Wager of Law or Effoiu (hall be allowed. --> . IV. Provided, That fuch Laws, Orders, Ordmances and Conftitutions fo made, or which (hall be imade' be not contrary, but agreeable with the Laws and Statutes of this faid Realm, and the Cuftoms of the faid City of London. V. And be it further ena(5ted by the Authority aforefaid. That the faid Mafters, Wardens, Affiftants Tiie Power oT and Commonaltv, and their Succe(rors, (hall and may have and enjoy, and that it fliall and may be lawful 5'j?'^""'"'^ to and for them", from Time to Time, and at all Times hereafter, to do, perform and execute, within affiftants!" the fa'>d Cities of London and Wejlminjier, and the feveral Suburbs thereof, or within twenty Miles Com- pafs of them, or either of them, all fuch Grants, Powers, Privileges and Authorities, as by this prefent k&. or in or by the faid Letters Patents of Incorporation are given or granted, or mentioned to be given or granted for or concerning the Regulation, Exercife or Government of the faid Trade, Art or Myftery, or any Matter or Thing relating thereunto, or of fuch Perfon or Perfons as do or (hall exercife the fame ; i any Thing in the faid Letters Patents, or any Aft, Statute or other Matter or Thing to the contrary thereof ' VL And whereas there is a Neceflity lying upon the Silk-throwers, to deliver to their Winders or ' Doublers conliderable Quantities of Silk, which being of a good Value, is by evil-difpofed Perfons many ' Times ur.juftly, deceitfully and falfly purloined, imbezilled, pawn'd, fold and detained, to the great ' Damage and fometimes the utter Undoing of the Thrower who imploys the faid Perfons:' (2) Be it ThePuniihment further enaded by the Authority aforefaid. That every fuch Silk-winder and Doubler, who ftiall at any Time of Silk- winders hereafter unjuftly or deceitfully and fallly purloin, imbezil, pawn, fell or detain any Part of Silk delivered coodTddivered or to be delivered by any Silk-thrower or other Perfon, to them or any of them, to wind or double, that to them. ' in every fuch Cafe and Cafes, as well the Winder or Journeyman fo olfending, as the Buyer and Buyers, Receiver and Receivers of fuch Silk, being thereof lawfully convidled, by Confeffion of the Party or Par- ties fo offendinc', or by one Witnefs upon Oath before one or more of the Juftices of Peace of the County or I ibertv where the fame Offence or Offences ftiall be committed, or if it be within any City or Town Corporate before the Mayor, Bailiff or Chief OfP-cer of the faid City or Town Corporate, who by Force of this Adt are impowered and authorized to minifter the fame Oath, and finally to hear and determine all and every the Offences aforefaid, and to give and make to the Party and Parties grieved fuch Recom- mence and Satisfadion for fuch their Damage and Lofs, and Charges thereabouts, as by the faid Juftice ,or Tuftices, or Chief Officers, fliall be ordered and appointed •, n. 1, u • VII Provided, That no more Damage be given or awarded, than the Party grieved (hall prove he is damrificd and hath expended, in looking after the fame ; and if the Party or Parties fo offending fliall lot be able or fufficient to make Recompence or Satisfaction for the faid Offence, nor do make Recom- oence or Satisfaction for the fame Offence or Offences within fourteen Days next after fuch Convidion, in fuch Manner and Form, as by the Juftice or Juftices or Chief Officers ftiall be ordered and appomted, as aforefaid ■ then the Party or Parties fo offending, for the firft Offence ftiall be apprehended and whip- ned or fet 'in the Stocks in the Place where the Offence is committed, or in fome Market-Town in the faid'Countv near unto the Place where the Offence or Offences aforefaid (hall be committed, as ftiall be li- mited and appointed by the faid Juftice or Juftices of the Peace, or Chief Officers, and for the fecond Of- fence to incur the like, or fuch further Puniihment, by Whipping or being put in the Stocks, as the faid Tnftice or Tuftices of the Peace or Chief Officers ftiall in their Difcretion think fit and convenient. VIII And be it likewife enafted by the Authority aforefaid, That all and every Receiver and Receivers, f„«^;;,"J,;«f' ^• Ruver and Buyers of any Silk, or fuch as take to pawn any Silk imbezilled or purloined, contrary to the i,/^!,,^^ q^^^^^ m,p Meanine of this Aft, (Matter of Faft being proved) (hall make Satisfaftion withm the Time afore- how to'oe pu- faid or elfe (hall be fubjeft to like Punifliment as by this Aft is inflifted, or provided to be inflicted, upon mfhed. fuch Perfon fo imbezihng or purloining any fuch Silk as aforefaid. ^, ^ . , _ wiufPe.forjs ■ IX: Provided always,^That it ftiall and may be lawful to and for any Freeman of the faid Company of -y^--."- ^ilk throwers to fet on work and imploy aci^ Perfon or Perfans, bemg naUve b^ubjefts to his Majefty, ferved as Ap! Vol. III.' ■ K k and prentices.
* in any wile notwithftanding. | WIKI |
Congress has saved lives before and can do it again | TheHill
Among the more difficult debates in Congress is how to spend its finite foreign aid dollars to avert crises before they become intractable, expensive violent conflicts. I know the debate from personal experience. Starting in 2003, I had the privilege of working for Rep. Sam FarrSamuel (Sam) Sharon FarrMedical marijuana supporters hopeful about government funding bill Marijuana advocates to give away free joints on Capitol Hill DEA decision against reclassifying marijuana ignores public opinion MORE (D-Calif.) who, along with then Sens. Richard Lugar (R-Ind.) and Joe BidenJoe BidenPossible GOP challenger says Trump doesn't doesn't deserve reelection, but would vote for him over Democrat Joe Biden faces an uncertain path The Memo: Trump pushes back amid signs of economic slowdown MORE (D-Del.), fought to improve the government’s civilian response to conflict. In addition to fighting for a stronger State Department, these members and other champions of conflict prevention also fought for a rapid-response fund that could break through red tape and long budget-planning cycles that make responding to crisis in a timely fashion nearly impossible. Through these bipartisan efforts was born the “Complex Crises Fund” (CCF), which supports community-led peacebuilding programs. Today, we can say with confidence that community-led conflict prevention programs are working and Congress’ strategic foresight enabled these successes. How do we know? Mercy Corps, the global organization I now work for, implemented a CCF-funded program that documented powerful proof of how to mitigate violence. In January 2014, during a worrying wave of violence in the Central African Republic (CAR), CCF funds were used to halt atrocities against civilians and contain the spread of violence. With these funds, Mercy Corps launched a unique humanitarian program in CAR’s two most socio-economically vital cities, Bangui and Bouar. The program – designed to stem retaliatory violence and rebuild social cohesion within communities – cost $1.7 million, which directly supported community-led programs. By August 2015, the results of the program were stunning, even to us. We surveyed community members about their perceptions that conflicts were being resolved without violence. Within 18 months, this measurement of conflict resolution soared 532 percent. We also surveyed community members on whether they trusted members of the opposition group – and found an 86 percent increase. In addition, 220 fighters from the “anti-Balaka” group, one of the parties to the conflict, voluntarily disarmed in order to join community leaders and peace committees to advocate for an end to the war. And in Bouar, 26 youth and 26 community leaders – representing more than 39,200 people from minority groups – signed a reconciliation pact affirming their commitment to resolve future conflicts in their communities by peaceful means. This treaty continues to forestall discrimination against other religious or ethnic groups, safeguard minorities, and facilitate the integration of Muslim traders into the economy. Now, more than two years since the height of violence in the Central African Republic (and the start of our program) peace is holding in Bouar and the parts of Bangui where USAID conflict-mitigation funds were deployed. The crisis in CAR is far from over, but the investments made in community-level conflict mitigation continue to demonstrate a tangible return on investment to the American taxpayer. Communities are sustainably resolving disputes peacefully without further U.S. support, youth are mobilizing to engage peaceful transition and the communities are actively repelling atrocities against their neighbors. This is the model for effective conflict reduction: strategic investments to help communities manage conflicts non-violently that act as a bulwark against future conflict and atrocities. We believe components of this model can be replicated to address other forms of violence, including violent extremism. As in CAR, we’re seeing situations across the world in which armed groups are exploiting community grievances of marginalization to stoke violence. Proven peacebuilding tools can be tailored to help these communities resolve their differences peacefully. What can Congress do now to further support these efforts? First, authorize and appropriately fund the Complex Crises Fund. One promising legislative vehicle is the Genocide and Atrocities Prevention Act (S. 2551), introduced by Sens. Ben CardinBenjamin (Ben) Louis CardinAmerica is in desperate need of infrastructure investment: Senate highway bill a step in the right direction Financial aid fraud is wrong — but overcorrection could hurt more students Democrats denounce Trump's attack on Cummings: 'These are not the words of a patriot' MORE (D-Md.) and Thom Tillis (R-N.C.), which authorizes the CCF. Appropriators in the FY 2017 cycle should fund the CCF at $100 million so that requests from USAID Missions for rapid conflict mitigation funding can be met. Second, encourage the administration to commit to tangible aid reforms for conflict reduction during the first World Humanitarian Summit in May 2016. As our evidence from CAR demonstrates, addressing conflict earlier in crises can improve humanitarian outcomes and hasten the transition to early recovery. We need to maximize the opportunity of this first-ever global summit on humanitarian reform to move beyond temporary fixes and address underlying causes of displacement and violence. Third, the FY17 National Defense Authorization Act should include a new authority to allow funds to be transferred from the Department of Defense to USAID for community-led conflict prevention activities. Addressing grievances that drive youth and others to violence and extremism is beyond the mandate of the U.S. military, but within the knowledge base and experience of civilian agencies like USAID. Giving DOD the flexibility to transfer funds to USAID to manage, reduce and prevent violence serves our broader national security interests and ensures that the most appropriate agency is tackling these challenges. We know what works to help communities solve their problems effectively, sustainably and without violence. It’s up to Congress to utilize this knowledge to prevent future costly interventions. Vaughan is director of Policy & Advocacy at Mercy Corps. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Help desk/Archives/2015 January 23
= January 23 =
08:49:04, 23 January 2015 review of submission by Barmee
Hi - I've edited this draft for the author Tim Harvey. I know it will take a while to be considered but can you just confirm that my edited version is now ion the queue to be reviewed? Barmee (talk) 08:49, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
* No, it isn't in the queue to be reviewed, because in you removed the submission tags. I've put them back for you, and you'll see a "Resubmit" button. Use that, and the draft will be back in the queue. --David Biddulph (talk) 14:47, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
13:10:22, 23 January 2015 review of submission by Scole88
hello, i have 2 submission numbers at the beginning of the page I'm compiling, is this ok? thanks
<!-
Scole88 (talk) 13:10, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
* Don't worry. All the spare tags will be tidied up when your draft is reviewed. I've put nowiki tags around the relevant part of your question above, as otherwise the system thinks that this page here is a draft AFC submission. - David Biddulph (talk) 14:40, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
Request on 15:16:47, 23 January 2015 for assistance on AfC submission by <IP_ADDRESS>
Hello, I received an email informing me that my article for the American Treasure Tour was declined for inclusion in Wikipedia. Please let me know if there is anything I need to do to improve the article - does the issue relate to the quality of the writing or research?
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:16, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
PAGE''' ]]) 17:07, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
* Please review the comments posted to the top of Draft:American Treasure Tour: "the tone of the article needs to be addressed - it should be just the facts - light on adjectives unless you're quoting directly from reliable source." --Ahecht ([[User_talk:Ahecht|'''TALK
16:08:22, 23 January 2015 review of submission by Alexleventer
This is the first Wikipedia article I've written fully myself and wanted to get feedback on what I was doing correctly/incorrectly.
Thanks! Alex Leventer (talk) 16:08, 23 January 2015 (UTC) PAGE''' ]]) 18:52, 28 January 2015 (UTC)
* Your article is waiting for review, and you should get feedback in the next few weeks.--Ahecht ([[User_talk:Ahecht|'''TALK
20:01:02, 23 January 2015 review of submission by Ira1942
I have converted to google books about half my references, but some I cannot find any way to do so. they are:
* http://kissmonster.com/interviews/interview_harris.php
* Jump up ^ http://www.discogs.com/artist/1645868-Ira-Blacker
* Jump up ^ http://rushvault.com/2011/11/19/why-casablanca-took-a-pass-on-signing-rush/
* Jump up ^ http://rootsofwoodstock.com/2009/08/28/raven-at-1968-sound-festival/
* Jump up ^ http://www.johnhumphrey.com/savoy_photoalbum/
* Jump up ^ http://www.2112.net/powerwindows/transcripts/19750100canadiancomposer.htm
* Jump up ^ http://www.notc.com/Content/Spotlights/1989/All_Nations_Music-5-89.pdf
there was also another link that offered to re create address and that one could not come up with the above urls, yet they are all working and live. thanks Ira Blacker Ira1942 (talk) 20:01, 23 January 2015 (UTC)
* Hello Ira1942, the tool http://reftag.appspot.com only works for GoogleBooks. For non-GoogleBooks links, the tool is WP:Reflinks. I wish it were easier, but the best tools are kinda spread out right now. I ran Reflinks, and it fixed all but one of your links.
* Moving on, your draft does need some other work. Among other issues:
* You're formatting your footnotes right, but you're just piling them all at the end of the article instead of actually footnoting any particular group of facts to that source. See WP:Referencing for beginners for advice.
* I explained last week on your Talk page how to do this, please give that a look
* Please divide the draft up into sections, not just one big block of text. See WP:Sections
* Lastly, have you read WP:Autobiography yet, as recommended to you? MatthewVanitas (talk) 23:32, 23 January 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Erdogan: Russia has told Turkey that Kurdish fighters have withdrawn from north Syria
ANKARA, Oct 29 (Reuters) - Russian officials have conveyed to Turkish authorities that the Syrian Kurdish YPG militia has withdrawn from a strip of land on the Syrian-Turkish border within a 150-hour deadline set by Ankara and Moscow, President Tayyip Erdogan said on Tuesday. Russia’s defence minister said earlier on Tuesday that the YPG had completed their withdrawal ahead of the deadline, but a top aide to Erdogan said Turkey would now see through planned joint patrols with Russia whether the fighters had really pulled out of the area or not. Speaking in Ankara at a celebration marking the anniversary of the founding of the Turkish Republic, Erdogan also said talks between Russian and Turkish officials on Syria would continue. Reporting by Tuvan Gumrukcu
Editing by Gareth Jones | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
androstenediol
Also found in: Wikipedia.
androstenediol
[an″dro-stēn´de-ol]
a crystalline androgenic steroid, C19H30O2.
an·dro·stene·di·ol
(an'drō-stēn'dī-ol),
A steroid metabolite differing from androstanediol by possessing a double bond between C-5 and C-6.
androstenediol
/an·dro·stene·di·ol/ (an″dro-stēn´di-ol) a testosterone metabolite that may contribute to gonadotropin secretion.
an·dro·stene·di·ol
(an'drō-stēn'dī-ol)
A steroid metabolite differing from androstanediol by possessing a double bond between C-5 and C-6.
androstenediol
a crystalline androgenic steroid, C19H30O2.
References in periodicals archive ?
Adrenal-derived DHEA-S and DHEA is converted by 3[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3[beta]-HSD) into androstenedione and testosterone --the latter being the downstream metabolite of androstenediol produced from DHEA via I7[beta]-HSD Type V, which is in close proximity to 3[beta]-HSD In the prostate epithelium.
001 % to cortisol, corticosterone, androstenediol, pregnenolone, estradiol, testosterone Estradiol < 0.
17-[beta]-HSD4 inactivates both estradiol into estrone and A5 androstenediol into dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
Salutary effects of androstenediol on cardiac function and splanchnic perfusion after trauma-hemorrhage.
The biosynthetic pathway via DHEA leads to the production of androstenedione (DIONE) and androstenediol (DIOL).
Androstenediol in turn is converted to testosterone and estradiol.
A maioria dos estudos analisados apontou maior risco de contaminacao em suplementos para aumento de forca e massa muscular, como os pre-hormonais (DHEA, androstenediol, androstenediona, norandrostenediol e norandrostenediona) (Van Der Merwe e Grobbelaar, 2005; Geyer e colaboradores, 2004; Catlin e colaboradores, 2000).
The ability of 667 COUMATE to inhibit STS in tumour samples obtained from some patients and its effect on serum androstenediol and oestrogen concentrations was also measured during the trial.
We measured metabolites of 3 steroids, namely dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (AD4), and 11[beta]-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHAD4), and calculated the sum of DHEA metabolites (DHEA, androstenediol, 16[alpha]-hydroxy-DHEA, 16[beta]-hydroxy-DHEA, 16-oxo-androstenediol, and androstenetriol), the sum of AD4 metabolites (androsterone and etiocholanolone) (8, 10), and the 11OHAD4 metabolite (11HA).
The effects of androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the course and cytokine profile of tuberculosis in BALB/c mice.
Third, Androstenediol is a steroid metabolite and act as main regulatory agent of gonadotropin secretion.
DHEA can either be converted into the normally favoured storage molecule, (DHEA-S, or, further) down the androgen pathway toward testosterone, it can be converted into androstenedione or androstenediol. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Beckford - Vathek (1816).djvu/28
(18) The Caliph submitted to the reasons of his mother; and, sending for Morakanabad, his prime vizir, said,—"Let the common criers proclaim, not only in Samarah, but throughout every city in my empire, that whosoever will repair hither and decipher certain characters which appear to be inexplicable, shall experience that liberality for which I am renowned; but, that all who fail upon trial shall have their beards burnt off to the last hair. Let them add, also, that I will bestow fifty beautiful slaves, and as many jars of apricots from the Isle of Kirmith, upon any man that shall bring me intelligence of the stranger."
The subjects of the Caliph, like their sovereign, being great admirers of women and apricots from Kirmith, felt their mouths water at these promises, but were totally unable to gratify their hankering; for no one knew what had become of the stranger.
As to the Caliph's other requisition, | WIKI |
User:Suruj Sarker Bappy
Born in 1996. September 22.Village Bastul.Thana:Tarash.Zela:Sirajganj Music lover. Study: S.s.c: Bastul Ishaque High school.Diploma In Engineering from Bogra. I.I.T.B.A Degree of bacholor science From Daffodil International University. Department of ETE. Politics love B.N.P. Also Tareq Rahman. | WIKI |
Constant WiFi Checking and Connecting
Discussion in 'Jailbreaks and iOS Hacks' started by dvdvd, Dec 27, 2010.
1. dvdvd macrumors newbie
dvdvd
Joined:
Mar 8, 2009
#1
Hey, I was wondering if there's a jailbreak substrate add-on that makes an iPhone/iPod check for an available and working (test packet send and receive) WiFi whenever it is disconnected from WiFi and attempt to connect with that WiFi router. For example, if I walk with my iPhone to a library I've never been to before, my iPhone will automatically connect to any public WiFi available there. Just curious if it exists and if you can point me to that app.
2. apmorency macrumors regular
Joined:
Jul 5, 2010
#2
The iphone will ask to join networks that it detects if you set that up in settings. It can also autojoin known networks.
I don't believe there are any apps that will automatically connect you to a newly discovered network though.
3. MaxBurn macrumors 65816
MaxBurn
Joined:
Nov 25, 2010
#3
On every other device iPass can do this but on iPhone it doesn't work, it either is something they are keeping you from doing in the os or is a chipset limitation. Annoying.
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Scanning and Patch Auditing VMware Using Nessus
May 6, 2013
by Paul Asadoorian
The Revolution Will Be Virtualized
I've worked in IT since my first computer programming job while still in college. I've visited several data centers and server rooms over the years, and I agree with the statement, "If you've seen one data center, you've seen them all." However, I've noticed a significant shift in the last several years – more and more data centers are virtual. This translates to smaller server rooms, less racks, and less servers generating heat and making freight train-like sounds with their cooling fans. Even in my own home computer lab, I use virtualization. In fact, my laptop is a traveling data center, housing at least half a dozen or more virtual machines for various purposes (penetration testing, demonstrations for presentations, and purpose-built virtual machines "just because I needed it one day").
Of course, virtual machines (VMs) are essentially the same as real machines, but they present some unique management and security challenges:
• The host computer, such as a laptop running VMware Fusion or Workstation, has additional software running that could contain vulnerabilities.
• We now have to worry about attackers "jumping" from guest-to-guest and from guest-to-host with VMware escape attacks.
• Administrators can more easily create additional servers. With just a few clicks, you can have another copy of your DNS server, leading to VM sprawl.
• The software used to run and maintain your virtualization environment must be protected from attacks, otherwise your entire infrastructure could be compromised.
To help you discover all the components of your virtual environment, Tenable has several Nessus plugins to detect virtualization servers, discover vulnerabilities, and enumerate VMs (both active and inactive). Nessus supports remote vulnerability identification and local patch auditing of the following VMware products:
• vSphere ESX - "In the original vSphere ESX architecture, the virtualization kernel (referred to as the VMkernel) was augmented with a management partition known as the console operating system (COS or service console)."
• vSphere ESXi - "In the new vSphere ESXi architecture, the COS has been removed and all of the VMware agents run directly on the VMkernel. Infrastructure services are provided natively through modules included with the VMkernel."
• vCenter - "VMware vCenter Server provides a centralized and extensible platform for managing virtual infrastructure. VMware vCenter Server, formerly VMware vCenter, manages VMware vSphere environments allowing IT administrators simple and automated control over the virtual environment to deliver infrastructure with confidence."
Network-based Vulnerability Scanning for VMware
The first step is determining how many VMware ESX/ESXi/vCenter servers are on the network and where they’re located. Running a Nessus vulnerability scan without credentials allows you to identify the servers involved in your virtualization infrastructure. Hopefully there are no surprises when you run this scan! Once my scan was completed (a generic network-based scan with all plugins enabled), I created a filter to search for only VMware-specific results:
Be certain to set the "Match" field to "Any" when applying this plugin filter.
Not only did Nessus detect the virtualization servers, but it also identified vulnerabilities using network-based vulnerability checks:
The Nessus research team will create plugins to detect network-based vulnerabilities for VMware products where available.
Configuring VMware Patch Auditing
The next step, once the virtualization platforms have been identified, is to scan them using credentials. This allows Nessus to log in via the VMware SOAP API to perform patch auditing and pull information about hosted VMs.
To help prevent attackers from snooping on the connection between Nessus and your ESX/ESXi/vCenter servers, ensure that SSL is enabled so the credentials are sent over an encrypted channel. Checking "Ignore SSL certificate" allows Nessus to accept a self-signed certificate, which could be forged.
If you have VMware vCenter servers on the network, you can configure credentials for them as well. The preference screen looks nearly identical to the one above and can be found in "Preferences" -> "VMware vCenter SOAP API Settings." You must enter the hostname or IP address of your vCenter server, along with the username and password.
In order to audit the patches of ESX, ESXi, or vCenter, you must also enable the "VMware ESX Local Security Checks" plugin family as shown below:
The "VMware ESX Local Security Checks" plugin family contains more than 60 plugins to detect unpatched vulnerabilities in VMware products.
The Results
Once the scan has completed, using the provided credentials, Nessus will report the missing patches for each VMware ESX/ESXi/vCenter server that was scanned. Below, Nessus found an ESX server running version 4.1 that's missing a critical-severity-level patch:
VMSA-2013-0003 addresses a security issue in VMware vCenter Server, ESXi, and ESX affecting the NFC Protocol (memory corruption) and several third-party library security issues.
Using the SOAP API, Nessus can log in and pull information from ESX/ESXi servers, such as active and inactive VMs on the host. This information is extremely useful to continually audit your environment and keep tabs on the number of VMs. Acting on this information can help prevent VM sprawl:
The report for both active and inactive VMs is similar, listing all the ESX/ESXi servers that were scanned and active/inactive VMs by name.
Conclusion
Getting a handle on your virtualization environments can be challenging. The ease with which new VMs can be created and powered on produces a moving target that can be difficult to manage. Vulnerabilities can affect the entire platform, potentially providing an attacker with access to sensitive systems by successfully attacking only one ESX/vCenter target.
Tenable can help. Use Nessus to detect new instances of VMware virtualization platforms in your environment using network-based checks. For the VMs you already manage, Nessus allows you to constantly audit them for new vulnerabilities, assure the patches you've applied are intact, and gather useful information for managing your environment. In addition to vulnerability scanning and patch auditing, you can also perform configuration auditing, ensuring that your virtualization platforms are hardened to your specifications, and compliance auditing. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Folk-lore - A Quarterly Review. Volume 18, 1907.djvu/186
154 waves at the bottom of the sea, the idea of separation by water being essential in most of the tales. Later, when the gods who ruled this mystic realm were conceived of as fallen from their high estate as Lords of the Sky, and were relegated to the sídh dwellings underground, and, connected in men's minds with the tumuli or ancient burial-places, the idea changed somewhat.
But everywhere, as in Welsh legend, we find the same description of this land as one of unfailing brightness, of inexhaustible joys, where death, disease, and want are alike unknown, and where no man notices the lapse of time. I do not intend to summarise these tales to-night; this has been done for the Pagan tales, or those most entirely Pagan, by Mr. Nutt in his Voyage of Bran, and for the Christian voyage tales by Zimmer in his studies on the Brendan Legend. They are, fortunately, by this time pretty well known.
A couple of typical instances will suffice. In Laegh's description of the palace in Magh Mell, as he himself had seen it, he says:
There is a door toward the west In the place where the sun goes down, A stud of pale horses with brilliant manes; Another, purple brown; At the door towards the east I saw Three shining purple trees, From which a flock of birds calls down Gently to the youths of the royal dun. There is at the fortress' door a tree. Pleasant the music that comes therefrom, A tree of silver; against it the sun Shines like unto gold in splendour. Three hundred men by each noble tree Of various fruits, are nourished. There is a well in the princely dwelling, | WIKI |
Porin (opera)
Porin is a grand opera by Vatroslav Lisinski. The Croatian text was by Dimitrija Demeter. It was Lisinski's second opera, the second for Croatia.
It was composed during 1848-51 but not performed until 2 October 1897, when it was staged in Zagreb. | WIKI |
Abinadi
According to the Book of Mormon, Abinadi was a prophet who lived on the American continent about 150 BC. In the Book of Mormon account, Abinadi visited the court of King Noah at Lehi-Nephi, and pleaded for them to repent of their iniquity and live the law of Moses. Abinadi also gave Noah the message of the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ to earth in the flesh, to live among the children of men. Noah and his priests threatened Abinadi that unless he recalled all the words he had said against him and his priests, they would kill him. Abinadi stood by his words and Noah had him burned with fire. One of Noah's priests, Alma the Elder, adhered to Abinadi's message and eventually became a prophet himself.
Etymology
According to Todd Parker, the name "Abinadi" appears to be symbolic. In Hebrew, ab means "father," abi means "my father," and nadi is "present with you," so the name Abinadi may reflect his mission; it may mean something like "my father is present with you." In the Book of Mormon account, the alleged reason for killing him was because Abinadi claimed that God would come down and would be with man (see ). That was the charge of blasphemy they finally used to put him to death.
Praise
M. Russell Ballard of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles praised Abinadi for courage and obedience: “Abinadi infuriated wicked King Noah with his courageous testimony of the Lord Jesus Christ. Eventually this great missionary offered the ultimate sacrifice for his witness and faith but not before his pure testimony touched one believing heart. Alma, one of King Noah’s priests, ‘repented of his sins ..., [accepted Jesus as the Christ,] and went about privately among the people, and began to teach the words of Abinadi’ (Mosiah 18:1). Many were converted to the gospel of Jesus Christ as a direct result of Abinadi’s powerfully borne testimony of the Savior, believed by one soul, Alma.”
While serving in the Seventy, Cree-L Kofford discussed Abinadi's influence: “What is there that is so special about Abinadi? Perhaps it was his total obedience as he went, presumably alone, among those whom he must have known would take his life, to deliver the word of the Lord and to cry repentance to the people. Perhaps it is the very fact that we know so little about him, or perhaps it was simply the way with which he faced the adversities which came into his life in such a straightforward, ‘square-to-the world’ way. Whatever the reason, Abinadi was and is special. His life, lived so long ago, still has the power to excite the mind and cause the pulse to pound.”
Comparison to King Benjamin
According to Todd Parker, there are many similarities between the speeches of King Benjamin and Abinadi.
Type of Christ
According to Jeffrey R. Holland, Abinadi is a type of Christ. | WIKI |
User:Nkb0321/Books/Wave Physics
Wave Physics
* Partial differential equation
* Hyperbolic partial differential equation
* Laplace operator
* Wave equation | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Paulmoodz/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
I believe that this the same person that created Paulmoodz account and does the extact same edits in Sandbox
User:Paulmoods
User:Paulxariz
See Special:Contributions/Paulxariz and Special:Contributions/Paulmoodz
It is obviously the same person that creates articles in Sandbox Untamed1910 (talk) 15:17, 21 April 2023 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* I posted uw-agf-sock to both talk pages. I don't think testing in Sandbox is disruptive. If anything, this user might need some guidance, not a checkuser. Closing. MarioGom (talk) 15:11, 22 April 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Camillo Ballini
Camillo Ballini (Brescia 1540– c.1592) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance or Mannerist period. He trained with Palma il Giovane in Venice, and was employed with him in the decoration of the Ducal Palace with historical paintings during the 1570s, including the passageway between the Sala del Maggior Consiglio to the Sala dello Scrutinio. He also helped fresco the exterior facades of palaces. | WIKI |
Azure AD B2C "id_token" from Google
Q
Where to find an Azure AD B2C "id_token" example from Google as an external identity provider?
✍: FYIcenter.com
A
Here is an Azure AD B2C "id_token" example from Google as an external identity provider:
Header:
{
"typ": "JWT",
"alg": "RS256",
"kid": "X5eXk4xyojNFum1kl2Ytv8dlNP4-c57dO6QGTVBwaNk"
}
Claims:
{
"exp": 1547856981,
"nbf": 1547853381,
"ver": "1.0",
"iss": "https:\/\/xxx.b2clogin.com\/f954e657-...\/v2.0\/",
"sub": "bbe4c9c3-...",
"aud": "5e7ed55a-...",
"nonce": "1234567",
"iat": 1547853381,
"auth_time": 1547853381,
"given_name": "Joe",
"family_name": "Doe",
"name": "Joe Doe",
"idp": "google.com",
"oid": "bbe4c9c3-...",
"postalCode": "02169",
"emails": [
"xxx@gmail.com"
],
"tfp": "B2C_1_MyLogin"
}
Azure AD Integration v1.0
Integration with Azure AD B2C User Flow
Azure AD B2C Integration
⇑⇑ OpenID Tutorials
2019-04-11, 1462🔥, 0💬 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
RESEARCH: Hui C http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/362 2020-09-23T14:03:31Z How geographic productivity patterns affect food-web evolution http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2879 How geographic productivity patterns affect food-web evolution Wickman, J.; Dieckmann, U.; Hui, C.; Brannstrom, A. It is well recognized that spatial heterogeneity and overall productivity have important consequences for the diversity and community structure of food webs. Yet, few, if any, studies have considered the effects of heterogeneous spatial distributions of primary production. Here, we theoretically investigate how the variance and autocorrelation length of primary production affect properties of evolved food webs consisting of one autotroph and several heterotrophs. We report the following findings. (1) Diversity increases with landscape variance and is unimodal in autocorrelation length. (2) Trophic level increases with landscape variance and is unimodal in autocorrelation length. (3) The extent to which the spatial distribution of heterotrophs differ from that of the autotroph increases with landscape variance and decreases with autocorrelation length. (4) Components of initial disruptive selection experienced by the ancestral heterotroph predict properties of the final evolved communities. Prior to our study reported here, several authors had hypothesized that diversity increases with the landscape variance of productivity. Our results support their hypothesis and contribute new facets by providing quantitative predictions that also account for autocorrelation length and additional properties of the evolved communities. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Variation in individual biomass decreases faster than mean biomass with increasing density of bamboo stands http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2839 Variation in individual biomass decreases faster than mean biomass with increasing density of bamboo stands Liu, G.H.; Hui, C.; Chen, M.; Pile, L.S.; Wang, G.G.; Wang, F.S.; Shi, P.J. The total biomass of a stand is an indicator of stand productivity and is closely related to the density of plants. According to the self-thinning law, mean individual biomass follows a negative power law with plant density. If the variance of individual biomass is constant, we can expect increased stand productivity with increasing plant density. However, Taylor's power law (TPL) that relates the variance and the mean of many biological measures (e.g. bilateral areal differences of a leaf, plant biomass at different times, developmental rates at different temperatures, population densities on different spatial or temporal scales), affects the estimate of stand productivity when it is defined as the total biomass of large plants in a stand. Because the variance of individual biomass decreases faster than mean individual biomass, differences in individual biomass decline with increasing density, leading to more homogeneous timbers of greater economic value. We tested whether TPL in plant biomass holds for different species and whether the variance of individual biomass changes faster than the mean with increasing stand density. The height, ground diameter and fresh weight of 50 bamboo species were measured in 50 stands ranging from 1 m by 1 m to 30 m by 30 m to ensure more than 150 bamboos in every stand. We separately examined TPL in height, ground diameter, and weight, and found that TPL holds for all three biological measures, with the relationship strongest for weight. Using analysis of covariance to compare the regression slopes of logarithmic mean and variance against the logarithm of density, we found that the variance in individual biomass declined faster than the mean with increasing density. This suggests that dense planting reduced mean individual biomass but homogenized individual biomass. Thus, there exists a trade-off between effective stand productivity and stand density for optimal forest management. Sparse planting leads to large variation in individual biomass, whereas dense planting reduces mean individual biomass. Consequently, stand density for a plantation should be set based on this trade-off with reference to market demands. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2833 Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management Novoa, A.; Richardson, D.M.; Pyšek, P.; Meyerson, L.A.; Bacher, S.; Canavan, S.; Catford, J.A.; Čuda, J.; Essl, F.; Foxcroft, L.C.; Genovesi, P.; Hirsch, H.; Hui, C.; Jackson, M.C.; Kueffer, C.; Le Roux, J.J.; Measey, J.; Mohanty, N.P.; Moodley, D.; Müller-Schärer, H.; Packer, J.G.; Pergl, J.; Robinson, T.B.; Saul, W.C.; Shackleton, R.T.; Visser, V.; Weyl, O.L.F.; Yannelli, F.A.; Wilson, J.R.U. Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made by considering “invasion syndromes” which we define as “a combination of pathways, alien species traits, and characteristics of the recipient ecosystem which collectively result in predictable dynamics and impacts, and that can be managed effectively using specific policy and management actions”. We describe this approach and outline examples that highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation in arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water in harbours; large ranid frogs with frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes in connected aquatic ecosystems; plant invasions in high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; and tree-feeding insects in forests with suitable hosts. We propose a systematic method for identifying and delimiting invasion syndromes. We argue that invasion syndromes can account for the context-dependency of biological invasions while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting this approach will help to structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment and management lessons, and highlight similarities among events that were previously considered disparate invasion phenomena. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z How intraguild predation affects the host diversity-disease relationship in a multihost community http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2818 How intraguild predation affects the host diversity-disease relationship in a multihost community Su, M.; Yang, Y.Q.; Hui, C. Broad evidence has shown that host diversity can impede disease invasion and reduce the eventual prevalence, but little is known on how species interactions play in shaping this host diversity-disease relationship. Previous work has illustrated that intraguild predation (IGP), combined with parasite-mediated indirect effects, can have strong influences on parasitic infection. Following this line of thinking, we here examine the role of predatory interactions in the disease transmission within a multihost community. Through varying fractions of IGP in a competitive community, we show that, dependent on the fraction of predatory interactions, species richness can switch from enhancing to inhibiting disease establishment/prevalence. Without IGP interactions, high host species richness can likely weaken the 'dilution effect' and in some cases even enhance the disease establishment (and/or prevalence) due to the existence of alternative sources for infection, whereas IGP can generally heighten the negative diversity-disease relationship due to the reduction of encounter rate between prospective hosts and parasites. Although trait-mediated interactions (captured as the infection-induced changes in predation rate) only weakly affect disease prevalence, density-mediated interactions (captured as the additional infection-induced mortality) can pose a relatively strong influence on disease transmission. Our results thus underline the importance of considering species interactions when investigating the host diversity-disease relationship. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Željko Panić
Željko Panić (born May 5, 1976) is a Bosnian former swimmer, who specialized in sprint freestyle events.
Panić was born in Split, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia, where he first started to train in swimming in 1987. While in Split, he was also coached and trained by Đurđica Bjedov, a two-time breaststroke gold medalist. In 1991, he moved to Banja Luka in SR Bosnia, where he became a resident swimmer for PK Borac Incel.
Panic made his official debut at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, where he competed in the men's 100 m freestyle. He touched out Venezuela's Francisco Sánchez to take the seventh spot and forty-ninth overall in the sixth heat by 0.03 of a second in 52.40.
At the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Panic qualified again for the men's 100 m freestyle by eclipsing a FINA B-standard entry time of 52.12 from the Croatian Open Championships in Zagreb. He challenged seven other swimmers on the second heat, including fellow Olympic veterans Alexandr Agafanov of Uzbekistan and Camilo Becerra of Colombia. Panic raced to third place by 0.18 of a second behind Becerra, outside his entry time of 52.75. Panic failed to advance into the semifinals, as he placed fifty-fifth overall in the preliminaries.
Shortly after the Olympics, Panic retired from his sport to work as an assistant coach and later as a sports director for the Olympic Swimming Club (Plivački klub Olimp) in Banja Luka. | WIKI |
revalidation
Cost of IVF in Nigeria
Aside from the challenges of carrying out the different cycles of IVF, people considering doing it are also concerned about how much it would cost them to carry out the procedure. Find out the cost of IVF in Nigeria.
Image of invitro fertilization (IVF) procedure
Key takeaways:
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology that involves fertilizing an egg with a sperm outside the human body, usually in a laboratory dish or test tube.
• IVF costs about 600,000 to 1,800,000 naira per cycle in Nigeria. The cost varies from hospital to hospital.
• The total cost of IVF depends on different factors, such as age, medications to take, number of cycles, and the IVF center.
Childbirth and fertility issues are among the most common reasons people visit the hospital. About 10–30% of couples in Nigeria are affected by infertility, and it remains one of the most common reasons people with uteruses see their gynecologists.
Recent improvements in medical technology have made it easier for doctors to treat fertility problems and help couples increase their chances of having a child by using assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF helps people get pregnant faster by retrieving an egg from a woman's ovary and then fertilizing the egg with sperm elsewhere outside the human body.
The cost of doing IVF in Nigeria is expensive for the average person. However, you may be able to cut costs if you visit more affordable fertility clinics or centers sponsored by the government or NGOs. For instance, the Ibidunni Ighodalo Foundation (IIF) is an NGO that provides grants for couples that require fertility treatment. They partner with reputable fertility clinics in Nigeria and can provide you with financial support for the treatment.
This article will talk about what IVF is, how much it costs in Nigeria, and the treatment cost breakdown. It will also explore the procedure for IVF treatment, as well as who needs IVF treatment.
Cost of IVF in Nigeria
One cycle of IVF costs about N600,000 to N1,800,000 in Nigeria. This IVF cost varies in Nigeria because different clinics charge differently for the procedure depending on their expertise, location, and cost of operations.
Aside from differences between IVF centers, the total cost of IVF in Nigeria also depends on other factors like the age of the people involved, the number of IVF cycles they will be carrying out, and the medications they may need to take alongside the procedure.
IVF treatment cost breakdown for Nigeria
Below is a breakdown of the IVF treatment costs and other things that could add to the cost of your IVF treatment in Nigeria:
Number of cycles
IVF success rate has significantly improved over recent years. Still, not everyone records success after one cycle of treatment. Some people may have to go for multiple rounds before getting pregnant. According to a 2016 study, about 29.5% of people gave birth after the first cycle, while up to 65.3% achieved a live birth by the 6th cycle. These figures were higher for people younger than 40.
The more IVF cycles you do, the higher your treatment cost. Since a cycle of IVF in Nigeria costs up to N600,000, if you go for two rounds, you will pay double the cost of one cycle.
However, some clinics require that you pay for up to three cycles with a discount. This arrangement favors people who are unable to achieve pregnancy after the first and second rounds. But, if you got pregnant with the first or second round, you will most likely not get any refund.
You need to discuss the IVF cost with your clinic and also make arrangements with them on how to pay. Some clinics may not require you to make all payments upfront.
Drugs
Drugs are also important in IVF treatment and cannot be neglected or skipped. Your healthcare team will know the best medications to prescribe for you. However, you should be ready to foot the bills. The medications needed for your IVF treatment can cost as much as N400,000 or more in Nigeria.
Diagnostics tests
Before an IVF treatment, some tests like ovarian reserve testing, semen analysis, infectious disease screening, and gynecological endoscopy (an invasive procedure that doctors use to access the female body and diagnose disorders) may be carried out.
The various tests help to ascertain the exact cause of infertility and check for other things that might hinder the success of the IVF treatment. Some IVF clinics may include the cost of the tests in the total amount you will pay, while others may charge you differently.
Donors and surrogates
The cost of IVF treatment in Nigerian fertility clinics typically increases if the couple needs a third party, like a surrogate or donor. A donor is someone who will donate an egg or sperm that will be used for the treatment. A donor may be needed if the person involved is older than 40.
However, there are exceptional cases where reproductive endocrinologists and embryologists will go ahead and use eggs and sperm from older adults. But, this is often after they have carried out some tests to ensure that the adults are still viable, their eggs or sperm are still of good quality, and they can accomplish fertilization.
A donor may also be needed if the woman's health makes it impossible to use her own eggs or if the man can't make enough healthy sperm.
Where the woman is unable to carry the pregnancy to term due to a health condition, a surrogate can help. However, none of these services are free. They add additional costs to the IVF treatment.
Age
Age is important when it comes to natural childbirth. The same applies to the use of assisted reproductive technology. Younger people between the ages of 25 and 30 have higher success rates with IVF than older people.4
People older than 40 may be advised to use eggs from a donor because, at menopause, the body produces so little estrogen that the ovaries may no longer be able to release eggs.
Using an egg from a donor would incur additional charges, as you may have to pay for the egg and the extraction procedure.
Extra procedure
In some cases, additional procedures might be needed during an IVF treatment, which incurs an extra cost.
Some extra procedures include draining excess fluid in the ovary, laparoscopy, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), testicular sperm extraction, assisted hatching, etc.
You will likely pay less for IVF if you have a health insurance package that covers such procedures. Are you confused about which HMO to use for your health insurance? Check out our article that discusses some of the best HMOs in Nigeria.
Who needs an IVF treatment?
IVF treatment helps couples with fertility issues who find it hard to conceive. You might need to undergo an IVF procedure if you have any of these conditions:
• A damaged or blocked fallopian tube
• Endometriosis
• Reduced ovarian function
• Low sperm count, resulting in infertility
• Uterine fibroids
• Abnormal sperm shape
• Unexplained infertility
• Cancer or other illnesses that can affect fertility
If you are over 40 years old and want to have a baby, you may need to undergo IVF treatment, as your chances of getting pregnant are lower than those of younger people.
Procedure for IVF treatment
The procedure for IVF treatment may differ a bit depending on the fertility center you are using, but they are mostly similar. A successful IVF treatment often involves the following five steps:
1. Ovarian stimulation
To increase the chances of success, you will need to use multiple eggs for the IVF treatment. However, a person can only release one egg during one ovulation cycle. This is why your reproductive endocrinologist will introduce ovarian stimulation.
The goal of this procedure is to enable the retrieval of multiple eggs from the ovaries during a single IVF cycle. Your healthcare team will run different tests and use ultrasound to monitor the production of eggs and track when to retrieve the eggs.
2. Egg retrieval or follicular aspiration
This is a surgical procedure carried out to retrieve an egg from the ovary. Before the retrieval, you may be put to sleep. Then, using an ultrasound, your doctor will pass a needle into the follicle, which contains the egg, to suction out the egg.
3. Insemination
During this stage, the healthiest sperm are combined with the best-matured eggs and incubated overnight. The incubation can be done in a petri dish or any other laboratory vessel to enable fertilization.
4. Embryo culture
This is still part of the fertilization process, which involves the initial developmental stages of the fertilized egg. At this stage, the IVF experts will monitor the fertilized eggs closely. They will check if the fertilized eggs are properly dividing and developing. The experts will also carry out a test on the fertilized embryo to check for any genetic conditions.
5. Embryo transfer
Three to five days after fertilization, the embryo is considered big enough for transfer to the uterus. During embryo transfer, the doctor will put a thin tube (called a catheter) through your vagina, cervix, and uterus. With the thin tube (catheter), the embryo will be gently dropped into your uterus.
If the procedure worked, the embryo would have attached to the wall of the uterus in 6 to 10 days, and your pregnancy journey would have begun.
Wrap up
IVF is a type of assisted reproductive technology that has a high chance of success, especially for people younger than 35. However, the cost of IVF in Nigeria is high for the average man. Having an insurance plan that covers the procedure and using more affordable fertility clinics or clinics that have sponsors can help you cut some costs.
Even though IVF has helped a lot of couples achieve pregnancy, it is not without some possible risks. Some common risks associated with IVF include ovarian hyperstimulation, which causes excessive fluid accumulation and results in swollen abdomen and feet; miscarriage; ectopic pregnancy; bleeding; infection; multiple pregnancies; bladder damage; and premature birth.
That said, inquire about any IVF center you want to use before using it. Ensure that you conduct a background check and ascertain the success rate of any clinic or fertility doctor handling your IVF.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can IVF prevent sickle cell disease in Nigeria?
Yes, with IVF that involves pre-implantation genetic screening, reproductive doctors in Nigeria can help prevent couples from giving birth to babies with sickle cell disease. Fertility clinics like Bridge Clinic offer IVF services that help couples with sickle cell disease give birth to healthier babies.
Is IVF procedure painful?
IVF is an invasive procedure and comes with some degree of pain and discomfort for some people. It is important to note that IVF pain is subjective, meaning the degree of pain will vary from person to person. But in most cases, the pain and discomfort are often tolerable. Also, some steps of the process (such as the egg retrieval step) may be more painful than others.
How is IVF done in Nigeria?
The steps for IVF in Nigeria include ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, insemination, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. Some people may need to go through two or more rounds of these procedures before they achieve pregnancy.
Is IVF expensive?
IVF, just like other fertility treatments, is expensive in different parts of the world, including Nigeria. The cost could go as high as 1,800,000 naira or more, depending on the fertility clinic. However, you may be able to cut costs if you use a government-owned or NGO-sponsored fertility clinic. You can also check with your health insurance company to see if they cover procedures like IVF.
Read about some IVF centers in Nigeria that use assisted reproductive technology for fertility treatment. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Syed Ali Raza Usama
Syed Ali Raza Usama is a Pakistani television director.
He has served as a former creative director at AAJ TV.
As a director, he directed acclaimed drama serials such as Bashar Momin (2014) and Khuda Aur Muhabbat (season 2) (2016-2017). | WIKI |
Tweaks to Improve WordPress Posts and Pages
We love WordPress – but not all of us are ready to settle with all its default settings and displays – particularly how posts are displayed. As we’re taught that uniqueness does matter to a website’s branding which gives the visitors a great impression, throughout these years bloggers and developers have been striving to tweak the post display, in order to make it as unique as possible.
Today we are going to focus on the smart tweaks you can perform to improve your WordPress post display. Whether you are looking to change your post display to enhance user experience or to increase revenue or page impressions, chances are there is a way to do it without plugin, and most of the snippets listed here are easy to implement, in most time you just need to copy and paste the provided code.
Hope you will find these tweaks useful for your projects, enjoy customizing!
Front End
1. Change your excerpt length
The tweak below will change your excerpt length, which you can just add the following lines of code into your functions.php file, with the value 75 as the excerpt length.
add_filter('excerpt_length', 'my_excerpt_length');
function my_excerpt_length($len) { return 75; }
2. Twitter style “time ago” dates
Most people don’t know that WordPress has a built-in function to display the date using the “Time Ago” format, and the snippet below can be pasted to anywhere within the loop to display the date with the format.
Posted <?php echo human_time_diff(get_the_time('U'), current_time('timestamp')) . ' ago';
3. Display post thumbnail in your RSS feed
Introduced in WordPress 2.9, the the_post_thumbnail() function is very useful to add and display a thumbnail attached to a post. The bad news is there’s no built-in method to display the thumbnail in your RSS feed. The function below will solve this problem. Simply paste it into your functions.php file, save it, and the post thumbnail will be automatically displayed in your RSS feed.
// show post thumbnails in feeds
function diw_post_thumbnail_feeds($content) { global $post; if(has_post_thumbnail($post->ID)) { $content = '<div>' . get_the_post_thumbnail($post->ID) . '</div>' . $content; } return $content;}add_filter('the_excerpt_rss', 'diw_post_thumbnail_feeds');add_filter('the_content_feed', 'diw_post_thumbnail_feeds');
4. Limit search to post titles only
You can add this snippet into the functions.php file of your WordPress theme to limit the search to post titles only.
function __search_by_title_only( $search, &$wp_query )
{
if ( empty($search) )
return $search; // skip processing - no search term in query
$q =& $wp_query->query_vars;
// wp-includes/query.php line 2128 (version 3.1)
$n = !empty($q['exact']) ? '' : '%';
$searchand = '';
foreach( (array) $q['search_terms'] as $term ) {
$term = esc_sql( like_escape( $term ) );
$search .= "{$searchand}($wpdb->posts.post_title LIKE '{$n}{$term}{$n}')";
$searchand = ' AND ';
}
$term = esc_sql( like_escape( $q['s'] ) );
if ( empty($q['sentence']) && count($q['search_terms']) > 1 && $q['search_terms'][0] != $q['s'] )
$search .= " OR ($wpdb->posts.post_title LIKE '{$n}{$term}{$n}')";
if ( !empty($search) ) {
$search = " AND ({$search}) ";
if ( !is_user_logged_in() )
$search .= " AND ($wpdb->posts.post_password = '') ";
}
return $search;
}
add_filter( 'posts_search', '__search_by_title_only', 10, 2 );
5. Display an incrementing number on each post
The tweak below will let you display an incrementing number on each post, and implementing it is pretty simple. First, paste the following function into your functions.php file:
function updateNumbers() {
global $wpdb;
$querystr = "SELECT $wpdb->posts.* FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE $wpdb->posts.post_status = 'publish' AND $wpdb->posts.post_type = 'post' ";
$pageposts = $wpdb->get_results($querystr, OBJECT);
$counts = 0 ;
if ($pageposts):
foreach ($pageposts as $post):
setup_postdata($post);
$counts++;
add_post_meta($post->ID, 'incr_number', $counts, true);
update_post_meta($post->ID, 'incr_number', $counts);
endforeach;
endif;
}
add_action ( 'publish_post', 'updateNumbers' );
add_action ( 'deleted_post', 'updateNumbers' );
add_action ( 'edit_post', 'updateNumbers' );
Once you’re done, you can display the post number with the following code. Note that it has to be used within the loop.
<?php echo get_post_meta($post->ID,'incr_number',true); ?>
6. Exclude Post from WordPress Feed
Looking to exclude certain posts from your feed? Here’s the tweak for you. Please be noted that you should only filter where you want to filter; in our example it is in our feed $wp_query->is_feed. If you didn’t make it that way, the filter would also run in your back end and these posts won’t be shown on post overview.
The function has two parameters. You give the first parameter $where an extension of the SQL string, which will be taking care of the filtering based on the ID. Then, within the brackets you need to insert the IDs of the posts, which you like to filter.
function fb_post_exclude($where, $wp_query = NULL) {
global $wpdb;
if ( !$wp_query )
global $wp_query;
if ($wp_query->is_feed) {
// exclude post with id 40 and 9
$where .= " AND $wpdb->posts.ID NOT IN (40, 9)";
}
return $where;
}
add_filter( 'posts_where','fb_post_exclude', 1, 2 );
7. Redirect to post when search query returns single result
Put this snippet into the functions.php file of your WordPress theme to redirect your search to the post automatically when WordPress only returns a single search result.
add_action('template_redirect', 'single_result');
function single_result() {
if (is_search()) {
global $wp_query;
if ($wp_query->post_count == 1) {
wp_redirect( get_permalink( $wp_query->posts['0']->ID ) );
}
}
}
8. Automatically create meta description from the_content
Adding this snippet into the functions.php file of your WordPress theme will automatically create a meta description from your WordPress post, striping out all shortcodes and tags. Also ensure that you have it in the header.php of your WordPress theme or this snippet will not function.
function create_meta_desc() {
global $post;
if (!is_single()) { return; }
$meta = strip_tags($post->post_content);
$meta = strip_shortcodes($post->post_content);
$meta = str_replace(array("\n", "\r", "\t"), ' ', $meta);
$meta = substr($meta, 0, 125);
echo "<meta name='description' content='$meta' />";
}
add_action('wp_head', 'create_meta_desc');
9. Automatically replace words by affiliate links
To replace words by affiliate links automatically, simply paste the code below into your functions.php file. Remember to enter your words/links as shown in the example code below.
function replace_text_wps($text){
$replace = array(
// 'WORD TO REPLACE' => 'REPLACE WORD WITH THIS'
'thesis' => '<a href="http://mysite.com/myafflink">thesis</a>',
'studiopress' => '<a href="http://mysite.com/myafflink">studiopress</a>'
);
$text = str_replace(array_keys($replace), $replace, $text);
return $text;
}
add_filter('the_content', 'replace_text_wps');
add_filter('the_excerpt', 'replace_text_wps');
10. Add “Read More” permalink to the end of the_excerpt
Adding this snippet below into the functions.php file of your WordPress theme will add a “read more” permalink at the end of the_excerpt, pretty much like what the_content does.
function excerpt_readmore($more) {
return '... <a href="'. get_permalink($post->ID) . '">' . 'Read More' . '</a>';
}
add_filter('excerpt_more', 'excerpt_readmore');
11. Show related posts without a plugin
Installing the code below will make your WordPress site display related posts based on the current post tag(s). You need to place it inside single.php, or simply anywhere you want to show the related posts.
<?php
$tags = wp_get_post_tags($post->ID);
if ($tags) {
$tag_ids = array();
foreach($tags as $individual_tag) $tag_ids[] = $individual_tag->term_id;
$args=array(
'tag__in' => $tag_ids,
'post__not_in' => array($post->ID),
'showposts'=>5, // Number of related posts that will be shown.
'caller_get_posts'=>1
);
$my_query = new wp_query($args);
if( $my_query->have_posts() ) {
echo '<h3>Related Posts</h3><ul>';
while ($my_query->have_posts()) {
$my_query->the_post();
?>
<li><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></li>
<?php
}
echo '</ul>';
}
}
?>
12. Create Your Own Popular Posts in the Sidebar
Setting up a sidebar widget to display popular posts is very easy. Just copy and paste the code below into your sidebar.php file. If you need to change the number of posts shown, you can change the 5 at the end of line 3 to any number you prefer.
<h2>Popular Posts</h2>
<ul>
<?php $result = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT comment_count,ID,post_title FROM $wpdb->posts ORDER BY comment_count DESC LIMIT 0 , 5");
foreach ($result as $post) {
setup_postdata($post);
$postid = $post->ID;
$title = $post->post_title;
$commentcount = $post->comment_count;
if ($commentcount != 0) { ?>
<li><a href="<?php echo get_permalink($postid); ?>" title="<?php echo $title ?>">
<?php echo $title ?></a> {<?php echo $commentcount ?>}</li>
<?php } } ?>
</ul>
13. Set post expiration Date/Time
Below is a useful code that you can put into your WordPress theme to enable the possibility of creating post expiration based on date and time. Edit your theme and replace your current WordPress loop with this “hacked” loop:
<?php
if (have_posts()) :
while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?>
$expirationtime = get_post_custom_values('expiration');
if (is_array($expirationtime)) {
$expirestring = implode($expirationtime);
}
$secondsbetween = strtotime($expirestring)-time();
if ( $secondsbetween > 0 ) {
// For exemple... the_title();
the_excerpt();
}
endwhile;
endif;
?>
To create a post with date/time expiration, you can just create a custom field. Give expiration as a key and your date/time (format: mm/dd/yyyy 00:00:00) as a value. The post will not show up after that particular timestamp.
14. List future posts
WordPress allows listing future posts, and to achieve this feature, simply paste the code to wherever you’d like you future posts to be displayed:
<div id="zukunft">
<div id="zukunft_header"><p>Future events</p></div>
<?php query_posts('showposts=10&post_status=future'); ?>
<?php if ( have_posts() ) : while ( have_posts() ) : the_post(); ?>
<div>
<p><strong><?php the_title(); ?></strong><?php edit_post_link('e',' (',')'); ?><br />
<span><?php the_time('j. F Y'); ?></span></p>
</div>
<?php endwhile; else: ?><p>No future events scheduled.</p><?php endif; ?>
</div>
15. Display AdSense to search engines visitors only
It’s possible to display the AdSense to the visitors from search engines’ results, and here’s the code to achieve it, just paste the code below into the theme’s functions.php file.
function scratch99_fromasearchengine(){
$ref = $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER'];
$SE = array('/search?', 'images.google.', 'web.info.com', 'search.', 'del.icio.us/search', 'soso.com', '/search/', '.yahoo.');
foreach ($SE as $source) {
if (strpos($ref,$source)!==false) return true;
}
return false;
}
$SE array is where you specify the search engines. You can add new search engine by adding new element to the array, then just paste the following code anywhere in the template where you want your AdSense ads to be displayed, and it’s done! The ads will only be displayed to visitors from search engines’ results.
if (function_exists('scratch99_fromasearchengine')) {
if (scratch99_fromasearchengine()) {
INSERT YOUR CODE HERE
}
}
Related Posts
One thought on “Tweaks to Improve WordPress Posts and Pages
1. no hands seo
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* | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Macadelic Tour
The result was redirect to Macadelic. (non-admin closure) feminist (talk) 04:25, 3 November 2018 (UTC)
Macadelic Tour
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
WP:ROUTINE coverage only, fails WP:NTOUR -- wooden superman 10:21, 26 October 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Music-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 10:54, 26 October 2018 (UTC)
* Delete Fails NTOUR and the other coverage does not help it to meet WP:GNG. Walter Görlitz (talk) 15:17, 26 October 2018 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the list of Events-related deletion discussions. CAPTAIN RAJU (T) 18:19, 26 October 2018 (UTC)
* Redirect to Macadelic as it does not appear notable enough for a separate article, but it is a viable search term (and the album article mentions the tour already). Aoba47 (talk) 05:40, 28 October 2018 (UTC)
| WIKI |
User:P64/FSF/Konigsburg
Template:Infobox book
MinuteMan Library Network is one source for ISBN with edition data and such as "Jean Karl book" Hollis Catalog numbers
* Jennifer 1st<PHONE_NUMBER> Gutman PZ7.K7
* Mixed-Up (c1968) Gutman PZ7.K7 Fr
* Bagels (1969 1st) Gutman PZ7.K7 Ab
* Dep ALB 3527.1101
* Shadows 1st<PHONE_NUMBER> Gutman PZ7.K7 Th 1979
* Jericho 068931194X Gutman PZ7.K8352 Up 1986
* Saturday 1st 068980993X Gutman PZ7.K8352 Vi 1996 "A Jean Karl Book"
* Silent<PHONE_NUMBER> (pbk.)2002 Gutman PZ7.K8352 Si 2000
The Outcasts dedication: "This book is for David and for Jean, who cheered its conception but sadly left it an orphan before birth."
* ELK's forever editor Jean Karl died 2000-03-30.
* Presumably David is her husband David Konigsburg.
Present at wikipedia
E. L. Konigsburg In or related to Epiphany, New York
* Jennifer, Hecate, Macbeth, William McKinley, and Me, Elizabeth (1967)
* From the Mixed-Up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler (1967)
* The Second Mrs. Giaconda (1975)
* The View from Saturday'' (1996)
* Silent to the Bone (2000)
* The Outcasts of 19 Schuyler Place (2004)
* The Mysterious Edge of the Heroic World (2007)
Daughter
Pittsburgh vicinity
Back cover:
* Winston Carmichael has it all: a big house, servants, vacations in Palm Beach, and a fancy private school. But with overprotective parents and a sense of responsibility for his younger sister, Heidi, Winston sometimes feels more as if he's living in a prison than a dream.
* Then one day a woman appears at the front door claiming to be Caroline--Winston's half sister, who was kidnapped and presumed dead long before he and Heidi were born. Is she really Caroline? Is she an impostor? Or is she somethig far more complicated than either? And does she hold the key that could unlock the doors to Winston's prison?
Dragon
Foxmeadow, Gainesboro
Back cover:
* Andy's not your average resident of exclusive Foxmeadow -- whenever he sits down to draw something, it turns out to be a dragon. And he wants to be a [cool] detective when he grow up -- not just an ordinary, everyday police detective, but a tough, cool, famous detective like theones he reads about in mystery novels.
* Everyone knows a famous detective needs a sidekick, but Mrs. Edie Yakots, a lonely new bride who's just moved into Foxmeadow, isn't exactly what Andy had in mind -- he sometimes has a hard time just figuring out what's she's talking about. But she's the only volunteer for the job, and before he knows it, she's led him right into the middle of his first real crime -- in an inner-city [Gainesboro] neighborhood a short drive, and light years away, from Foxmeadown [another ghetto].
Eleanor
Talk:The Second Mrs. Giaconda selections concerning history and her two historical novels.
Inside front cover:
* Eleanor of Acquitaine is in Heaven, waiting to learn whether or not her second husband, King Henry II of England, will be able to join her. Henry had died even before Eleanor, but he still has not won admission to Heaven. Waiting with Eleanor are Henry's mother, Matilda-Empress, and William the Marshal. A chance encournter with Abbot Suger, an old friend of Eleanor's from the time of her first marriage, starts the four of them remembering times past. Each person in turn tells a part of Eleanor's life, vividly illustrating the excitement of living in twelfth-century England and France, and expecially the excitement of being Eleanor. Wife of two Kings, mother of two others, Richard the Lion Heart and John, she set the tone of court life for her times, sponsored poets and musicians, established the legend of King Arthur as a romantic feature of English literature, set the Rules of Courtly Love, and helped rule a kingdom that spanned from Scotland to the Pyrenees. ANd she did all this in a time when a king could keep his queen a prisoner--and did!
* This book is a novel, fiction, fantasy even. But everything in it about Eleanor and her family and her times is true.
There are four "Tales" between five interludes "(Back) in Heaven" | WIKI |
North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner
In the U.S. state of North Dakota, the agriculture commissioner, formerly known as the commissioner of agriculture, is an elected official who heads the North Dakota Department of Agriculture. The present commissioner is Doug Goehring, a Republican.
History
Originally, the Department of Agriculture was combined with the North Dakota Department of Labor and was collectively called the North Dakota Department of Agriculture and Labor until 1966 when the two agencies split. The agriculture commissioner's term was then extended from two years to four, and was placed on a party affiliated ballot, while the commissioner of labor was placed on a no party ballot. The title of the office was changed in 1996 from commissioner of agriculture to agriculture commissioner.
Duties and responsibilities
The office is a high-profile position, as agriculture is key to the state economy. The commissioner of agriculture is also a member of the North Dakota Industrial Commission, a three-member panel that oversees North Dakota's state-owned enterprises and also includes the governor and attorney general. The agriculture commissioner also sits alongside the governor and seven other members on the State Water Commission. | WIKI |
User:Um simples Wikipedista
Welcome to my userpage. Well, portuguese is my native language, thus you will find my contributions and discussions in my page in the portuguese Wikipedia.
Thanks and sorry for this shitty 90s WEB look-like page. | WIKI |
Caution
Buildbot no longer supports Python 2.7 on the Buildbot master.
2.5.1. Configuring Buildbot
The Buildbot’s behavior is defined by the config file, which normally lives in the master.cfg file in the buildmaster’s base directory (but this can be changed with an option to the buildbot create-master command). This file completely specifies which Builders are to be run, which workers they should use, how Changes should be tracked, and where the status information is to be sent. The buildmaster’s buildbot.tac file names the base directory; everything else comes from the config file.
A sample config file was installed for you when you created the buildmaster, but you will need to edit it before your Buildbot will do anything useful.
This chapter gives an overview of the format of this file and the various sections in it. You will need to read the later chapters to understand how to fill in each section properly.
2.5.1.1. Config File Format
The config file is, fundamentally, just a piece of Python code which defines a dictionary named BuildmasterConfig, with a number of keys that are treated specially. You don’t need to know Python to do basic configuration, though, you can just copy the syntax of the sample file. If you are comfortable writing Python code, however, you can use all the power of a full programming language to achieve more complicated configurations.
The BuildmasterConfig name is the only one which matters: all other names defined during the execution of the file are discarded. When parsing the config file, the Buildmaster generally compares the old configuration with the new one and performs the minimum set of actions necessary to bring the Buildbot up to date: Builders which are not changed are left untouched, and Builders which are modified get to keep their old event history.
The beginning of the master.cfg file typically starts with something like:
BuildmasterConfig = c = {}
Therefore a config key like change_source will usually appear in master.cfg as c['change_source'].
See Buildmaster Configuration Index for a full list of BuildMasterConfig keys.
Basic Python Syntax
The master configuration file is interpreted as Python, allowing the full flexibility of the language. For the configurations described in this section, a detailed knowledge of Python is not required, but the basic syntax is easily described.
Python comments start with a hash character #, tuples are defined with (parenthesis, pairs), and lists (arrays) are defined with [square, brackets]. Tuples and lists are mostly interchangeable. Dictionaries (data structures which map keys to values) are defined with curly braces: {'key1': value1, 'key2': value2}. Function calls (and object instantiation) can use named parameters, like steps.ShellCommand(command=["trial", "hello"]).
The config file starts with a series of import statements, which make various kinds of Steps and Status targets available for later use. The main BuildmasterConfig dictionary is created, then it is populated with a variety of keys, described section-by-section in subsequent chapters.
2.5.1.2. Predefined Config File Symbols
The following symbols are automatically available for use in the configuration file.
basedir
the base directory for the buildmaster. This string has not been expanded, so it may start with a tilde. It needs to be expanded before use. The config file is located in:
os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(basedir, 'master.cfg'))
__file__
the absolute path of the config file. The config file’s directory is located in os.path.dirname(__file__).
2.5.1.3. Testing the Config File
To verify that the config file is well-formed and contains no deprecated or invalid elements, use the checkconfig command, passing it either a master directory or a config file.
% buildbot checkconfig master.cfg
Config file is good!
# or
% buildbot checkconfig /tmp/masterdir
Config file is good!
If the config file has deprecated features (perhaps because you’ve upgraded the buildmaster and need to update the config file to match), they will be announced by checkconfig. In this case, the config file will work, but you should really remove the deprecated items and use the recommended replacements instead:
% buildbot checkconfig master.cfg
/usr/lib/python2.4/site-packages/buildbot/master.py:559: DeprecationWarning: c['sources'] is
deprecated as of 0.7.6 and will be removed by 0.8.0 . Please use c['change_source'] instead.
Config file is good!
If you have errors in your configuration file, checkconfig will let you know:
% buildbot checkconfig master.cfg
Configuration Errors:
c['workers'] must be a list of Worker instances
no workers are configured
builder 'smoketest' uses unknown workers 'linux-002'
If the config file is simply broken, that will be caught too:
% buildbot checkconfig master.cfg
error while parsing config file:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/buildbot/master/bin/buildbot", line 4, in <module>
runner.run()
File "/home/buildbot/master/buildbot/scripts/runner.py", line 1358, in run
if not doCheckConfig(so):
File "/home/buildbot/master/buildbot/scripts/runner.py", line 1079, in doCheckConfig
return cl.load(quiet=quiet)
File "/home/buildbot/master/buildbot/scripts/checkconfig.py", line 29, in load
self.basedir, self.configFileName)
--- <exception caught here> ---
File "/home/buildbot/master/buildbot/config.py", line 147, in loadConfig
exec f in localDict
exceptions.SyntaxError: invalid syntax (master.cfg, line 52)
Configuration Errors:
error while parsing config file: invalid syntax (master.cfg, line 52) (traceback in logfile)
2.5.1.4. Loading the Config File
The config file is only read at specific points in time. It is first read when the buildmaster is launched.
Note
If the configuration is invalid, the master will display the errors in the console output, but will not exit.
Reloading the Config File (reconfig)
If you are on the system hosting the buildmaster, you can send a SIGHUP signal to it: the buildbot tool has a shortcut for this:
buildbot reconfig BASEDIR
This command will show you all of the lines from twistd.log that relate to the reconfiguration. If there are any problems during the config-file reload, they will be displayed in these lines.
When reloading the config file, the buildmaster will endeavor to change as little as possible about the running system. For example, although old status targets may be shut down and new ones started up, any status targets that were not changed since the last time the config file was read will be left running and untouched. Likewise any Builders which have not been changed will be left running. If a Builder is modified (say, the build command is changed), this change will apply only for new Builds. Any existing build that is currently running or was already queued will be allowed to finish using the old configuration.
Note that if any lock is renamed, old and new instances of the lock will be completely unrelated in the eyes of the buildmaster. This means that buildmaster will be able to start new builds that would otherwise have waited for the old lock to be released.
Warning
Buildbot’s reconfiguration system is fragile for a few difficult-to-fix reasons:
• Any modules imported by the configuration file are not automatically reloaded. Python modules such as https://docs.python.org/3/library/importlib.html and importlib.reload() may help here, but reloading modules is fraught with subtleties and difficult-to-decipher failure cases.
• During the reconfiguration, active internal objects are divorced from the service hierarchy, leading to tracebacks in the web interface and other components. These are ordinarily transient, but with HTTP connection caching (either by the browser or an intervening proxy) they can last for a long time.
• If the new configuration file is invalid, it is possible for Buildbot’s internal state to be corrupted, leading to undefined results. When this occurs, it is best to restart the master.
• For more advanced configurations, it is impossible for Buildbot to tell if the configuration for a Builder or Scheduler has changed, and thus the Builder or Scheduler will always be reloaded. This occurs most commonly when a callable is passed as a configuration parameter.
The bbproto project (at https://github.com/dabrahams/bbproto) may help to construct large (multi-file) configurations which can be effectively reloaded and reconfigured. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Gold swift
Nested Wikiprojects
Is it not redundant to include this page in WikiProject Arthropoda when it is already in Lepidoptera, which is clearly a subproject of Arthropoda?—GRM (talk) 10:13, 10 February 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:The Rebirth Of Turkey 1923.pdf/107
LIEUT.-GEN. SIR CHARLES A. HARINGTON, G. B. E., K. C. B., D. S. O.
Allied Commander-in-Chief at Constantinople until its evacuation in September and October, 1923.
GENERAL ISMET PASHA
Commander of the Western (Smyrna) Front until the re-capture of Smyrna in September, 1922; head of the delegation which signed the Mudania Armistice, October, 1922; head of the delegation which signed the Peace Treaty of Lausanne, July, 1923; Minister of Foreign affairs of the Second Grand National Assembly. | WIKI |
Compiled schema
In some respects, this generated code approach is more straightforward to develop, not least because its tangible output is code which can itself then be debugged.
Each pattern, rule and assertion generates a function (in the local namespace), with evaluation context and local variable scope more simply managed at the function level.
The processing of rules is again handled by tail recursion, but this time the function consumes a sequence of function items, for variation:
declare function local:rules($rules as function(*)*)
as element()*
{
if(empty($rules))
then ()
else
let $result := head($rules)()
return if($result)
then $result
else local:rules(tail($rules))
};
There is no need to pass the instance document to each function representing a rule, since it is passed in as an external variable to the module. Where subordinate documents are present due to pattern/@documents (see the section called “The documents attribute”), an alternate version of this function is also generated with the signature declare function local:rules($rules as function(*)*, $doc as document-node()*).
When it comes to serializing the compiled schema, since most of the generated functions can return some SVRL markup, for simplicity a sequence of strings and elements is passed to serialize(), with the custom basex serialization method specified.
[Note]Note
The compiled schema places variables for internal use in the XQS namespace, to avoid clashes with variable names in the source schema. For this reason, it is inadvisable to declare the XQS namespace (http://www.andrewsales.com/ns/xqs) in a schema to be compiled by XQS. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
1979–80 Alliance Premier League
The 1979–80 Alliance Premier League was the inaugural season of the Alliance Premier League – the first league outside the Football League to cover the whole of England.
Overview
Between 1979 and 2004 the single-division Alliance Premier League formed Level 5 of the English football league system. Since 2004 two regional divisions were added at Level 6.
The founder members of the Alliance Premier League were drawn from the Southern League and Northern Premier League, covering the country from Yeovil Town in the South West to Barrow in the far North. One club from Wales – Bangor City – also participated.
Teams
* From the Northern Premier League
* Altrincham
* Bangor City
* Barrow
* Boston United
* Northwich Victoria
* Scarborough
* Stafford Rangers
* From the Southern League
* AP Leamington
* Barnet
* Bath City
* Gravesend & Northfleet
* Kettering Town
* Maidstone United
* Nuneaton Borough
* Redditch United
* Telford United
* Wealdstone
* Weymouth
* Yeovil Town
* Worcester City
League table
Note: FA Trophy winners (Dagenham, Isthmian League Premier Division)
Promoted
* Frickley Athletic (from the Northern Premier League)
Relegated
* Redditch United (to the Southern League Midland Division)
Election to the Football League
As winners of the Alliance Premier League, Altrincham won the right to apply for election to the Football League to replace one of the four bottom teams in the 1979–80 Football League Fourth Division. The vote went as follows:
As a result of this, Altrincham failed to be elected to membership of the Football League, falling just one point behind Fourth Division's bottom club Rochdale. | WIKI |
2
I have MySQL 5.6 and I need to use MySQL 5.7 function ST_Distance_Sphere (for geolocalization purposes).
I found this hack and it looks correct to me (?).
Now I'm trying to use it in Laravel 5.5.
I put it in app\Providers\AppServiceProvider.php in boot() function.
I tried with DB::statement, DB::raw, DB::unprepared.
I tried removing DELIMITER and $$.
$sql = '
DELIMITER $$
DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `ST_Distance_Sphere`$$
CREATE FUNCTION `ST_Distance_Sphere` (point1 POINT, point2 POINT)
RETURNS FLOAT
no sql deterministic
BEGIN
declare R INTEGER DEFAULT 6371000;
declare `φ1` float;
declare `φ2` float;
declare `Δφ` float;
declare `Δλ` float;
declare a float;
declare c float;
set `φ1` = radians(y(point1));
set `φ2` = radians(y(point2));
set `Δφ` = radians(y(point2) - y(point1));
set `Δλ` = radians(x(point2) - x(point1));
set a = sin(`Δφ` / 2) * sin(`Δφ` / 2) + cos(`φ1`) * cos(`φ2`) * sin(`Δλ` / 2) * sin(`Δλ` / 2);
set c = 2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a));
return R * c;
END$$
DELIMITER ;
';
DB::statement($sql);
I have a syntax error everytime. For example:
``Illuminate \ Database \ QueryException (42000)SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1064 Erreur de syntaxe près de 'DELIMITER $$ DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `ST_Distance_Sphere`$$ ' à la ligne 1 (SQL: DELIMITER $$ DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `ST_Distance_Sphere`$$ CREATE FUNCTION `ST_Distance_Sphere` (point1 POINT, point2 POINT) RETURNS FLOAT no sql deterministic BEGIN declare R INTEGER DEFAULT 6371000; declare `φ1` float; declare `φ2` float; declare `Δφ` float; declare `Δλ` float; declare a float; declare c float; set `φ1` = radians(y(point1)); set `φ2` = radians(y(point2)); set `Δφ` = radians(y(point2) - y(point1)); set `Δλ` = radians(x(point2) - x(point1)); set a = sin(`Δφ` / 2) * sin(`Δφ` / 2) + cos(`φ1`) * cos(`φ2`) * sin(`Δλ` / 2) * sin(`Δλ` / 2); set c = 2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a)); return R * c; END$$ DELIMITER ; )``
3
• 1
From the error message, doesn't it look like, you don't have access to drop the function ST_Distance_Sphere ? Try running your SQL via MySQL Client, I am guessing you would get the same error message. Jun 22, 2018 at 11:14
• @SudiptaMondal I already tried to run this in phpmyadmin, and I didn't get any error messages.
– charlie
Jun 22, 2018 at 12:14
• @SudiptaMondal I think you were right, see my answer below. Thanks !
– charlie
Jun 22, 2018 at 14:10
1 Answer 1
3
I answer my own question
It seems I didn't have access to drop a MySQL function...
So I replaced DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS `ST_Distance_Sphere` by a MySQL version check:
$mysql_version_check = DB::select(DB::raw('SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "version";'));
$mysql_version = $mysql_version_check[0]->Value;
if (substr($mysql_version,2, 1) < '7' AND substr($mysql_version,4, 1) < '6') {
$sql = '
CREATE FUNCTION `ST_Distance_Sphere` (point1 POINT, point2 POINT)
RETURNS FLOAT
no sql deterministic
BEGIN
declare R INTEGER DEFAULT 6371000;
declare `φ1` float;
declare `φ2` float;
declare `Δφ` float;
declare `Δλ` float;
declare a float;
declare c float;
set `φ1` = radians(y(point1));
set `φ2` = radians(y(point2));
set `Δφ` = radians(y(point2) - y(point1));
set `Δλ` = radians(x(point2) - x(point1));
set a = sin(`Δφ` / 2) * sin(`Δφ` / 2) + cos(`φ1`) * cos(`φ2`) * sin(`Δλ` / 2) * sin(`Δλ` / 2);
set c = 2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1-a));
return R * c;
END;
';
DB::unprepared($sql);
}
It's a bit ugly, but it appears to work...
EDIT
Actually, it will work only the 1st time it is executed. It appears this function could save the mysql function to the mysql database. You will have an error the next times like "Mysql function already exists". You just have to comment the block above.
3
• 1
You need to create it in the database so that you can access it.
– Rick James
Aug 20, 2018 at 21:24
• Thanks, actually that's what I did, even if it causes issues on export/import (function already exists).
– charlie
Aug 21, 2018 at 8:48
• Add a DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS...;
– Rick James
Aug 21, 2018 at 18:25
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Page:Carroll - Euclid and His Modern Rivals.djvu/133
.]
Now, if you could get some schoolmaster—one who had no bias whatever in favour of Euclid or of Henrici—to teach these two columns (one containing 169, the other 282 words) to two ordinary boys of equal intelligence, or rather of equal stupidity, what result would you expect? | WIKI |
Talk:Republicanism in Australia/Archive 3
Current status
Apparently the Australian Opposition Leader Kevin Rudd says he won't be pursuing republicanism as a priority and it is his political party which has committed itself to republicanism as a matter of policy.
Shouldn't the article be saying something like the monarchy will be remaining for the forseeable future?
You don't have to go that far in the general comunity to find support for the point of view that this issue was brought to a head in 1999. Certainly referendums aren't held that often in Australia and - short of a civil war or military coup - only a popular vote can bring the Queen's rule over Australia to an end.
We could also mention that the mechanism for changing the Constituion Act requires the entire text of the amendment be forumlated BEFORE it is submitted for approval by the parliament, the voters and the Governor-General respectively. Somebody can feel free to correct me here if I am wrong but at this time the Australian Republican Movement's campaign does not include a draft amendment, which means they have not even taken the first step along the road to a republic and another hypothetical vote on breaking ties with the old country.
Steakknife 12:09, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
* You're right to say that there is no plans for a future referendum. However, the ALP is including the plebiscite option in its National conference policies to be put to the 2007 election. That should be mentioned.
* As for your comment re the issue being "brought to a head" in 1999, I suspect that that is more POV than anything, it certainly wasn't so for the supporters of direct election, who hoped the defeat of the bi-partisan appointment model would mean another referendum where direct election was put, and it wasn't the case for the ARM either. As for the actual detail of proposals, try here. --Lholden 21:33, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
* Yes, the ALP has the plan, supported by the ARM, of putting a plebiscite first as reaffirmation of the broader Australian populace's support for a republic. That was policy last election, I see no indication that it will change this time around. Plebiscites are non-binding in a constitutional sense; but they act as a step-forward, a legimitisation of the republican cause, and an incentive for consensus-building about what a proposed amendment would look like. The ARM currently is canvassing support on a variety of different republican models, as a cursory check of their website will confirm. Slac speak up! 23:08, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
Yeah but the ALP also has the socialist objective in their 2007 election platform do they not?
* No. The 2007 platform will be endorsed at the National Conference shortly. You may be thinking of the Constitution, the relevant section of which of course nobody takes seriously. Slac speak up! 05:10, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
As for the republican movement, I don't see the entire text of their proposed amendment on the ARM website. The reality is the non-binding plebicites - if they are ever held - can never bring the Queen's rule over Australia to an end. The exact way a direct election model would work is one hell of a thorny issue. The Australian constitution requires all the details to be worked out in advance of the bill being submitted to parliament is my point.
We might just mention somehow that the Australian people have no proposed amendment to scrutinse at this time and that the official republicans are divided over exactly what they want in any event.
Steakknife 02:06, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* Heh? Socialist objective? Where's that exactly?
* "non-binding plebicites... can never bring the Queen's rule over Australia to an end". That's not the point - the point is that there is a policy of holding such a plebiscite which will be indicative of the Australian public's support for a republic. The final proposals will be put to a binding referendum, that's where the actual amendments will come in. Obviously such amendments will be debated at that time, so it's not relevant to point out that no such drafts exist at the moment (although, there's plenty of material on the internet on this, as I've linked above). --Lholden 02:43, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* Steakknife, I think we're arguing in parallel here - the reason for the plebiscite is the lack of support for a specific amendment at this time. It's a way of simultaneously grounding and moving forward the debate. I think the crucial point here is that lack of explicit support for a specifically-worded amendment is not equivalent to lack of support among the population for a republic per se. Slac speak up! 05:10, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
This section is about the "current status" of republicanism in Australia. And the current status of the Australian Republican Movement is "near comatose" according to one well known supporter, ABC journalist David Marr. The Opposition Leader Kevin Rudd says he won't be pursuing republicanism as a priority.
How do we let readers know that all the heat has gone out of the issue since it was brought to a head in 1999 and that in reality only parliamentarians and a very small % of the general public even thinks about the lawful ruler of their land from year to year? Been there done that is the attitude of most people in Australia about "the republic". This is relevant: a popular vote is one of the three stages in approving a bill to amend the Constitution Act.
The plebicites proposed by the ARM and supported by the ALP may never ever be held (for example, the coalition parties are not formally committed to the ARM's plan, if they where in power what's to stop the executive submitting a bill to abolish the monarchy to parliament at any time?).
So my point is this. Some lesser known republican leaders have categorically said parliamentary appointment is dead so what's to stop the ARM, say, letting members of the public examine their proposed model for an elected presidency? According to republicans this idea reasonates with the public. Why not let us all in on their plans as the mode of altering the federal constitution requires? Why not take the first step on the road to another attempt at making Australia a republic?
Could it be that those people advocating change in this ongoing debate are divided? Why not just say that?
If that's too POV why not just say that the present system is likely to endure for at least a long, long, long, long time and possibly until Christ returns?
Steakknife 09:26, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* I think you have several points to make, for which this article isn't the right place. If you can verify the Marr quote that's fine; your complaint about republicans not publishing proposals can't be included in any meaningful way. I think showing the issue has dropped in importance is much more difficult also. --Lholden 10:49, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
I just wouldn't like wikipedia giving foreign readers the impression that Australian republicans are way enthusiastic about the cause like say Irish republicans are, that's all.
I remember when the senate committee handed down its report into republicanism in 2004 John Howard was asked about it and he said "Look, you're the first person who has asked me about it this year". It was in like the middle of the year and he looked annoyed that a journalist would waste his valuable time asking about something so done and dusted and not of public concern. That's the impression he gave me.
* The standard method of assessing the support for republicanism is the regular opinion poll which asks that particular question. The result of the latest polling is conveyed in the article. --Lawe 14:33, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
And I think it is a bit relevant to a section on the current status of republicanism in Australia that the Australian Republican Movement doesn't have the full text of their preferred amendment to show the public as part of their campaign, for reasons to do with s.128 of the Constitution Act.
I know monarchists keep raising this point, that republicans at the turn of the 21st century know what they don't want but don't know what they do.
Steakknife 22:40, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* Eh? Ireland is already a republic, or at least most of it is. I don't think anyone's making the comparison. And John Howard has a vested interest in presenting the case as settled - he's firstly a monarchist, and secondly the architect of the 99 referendum, which was resolved to his satisfaction. But that's just his view, not everybody's.
* It seems that you view the republican case as illegitimate, because they don't have a formatted referendum question ready to roll several years out from any potential referendum. Okay, fine, but this is just a matter of opinion - how many hoops does a case for change have to jump through before it becomes legitimate (this is a rhetorical question)? How long is a piece of string? It seems fairly clear that your high bar-setting in this regard has to do with a bias in favour of the status quo. This, I reiterate, is an opinion, not something the article needs to reflect. Slac speak up! 23:22, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* "I know monarchists keep raising this point, that republicans at the turn of the 21st century know what they don't want but don't know what they do." I suspect that this, along with the "it's not an issue for anyone" points is what Steakknife is trying to insert here. I don't know why the POV labels were needed however. --Lholden 00:03, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Hay slac. Yeah man, all I'm saying is the Australian monarchy has special protection compared to some of the monarchies in the other realms. In Australia the full text of the amendment needs to be produced before the vote takes place and not after. Nothwithstanding the fact that history tells us Royal families are mainly swept away in military coups and civil wars, other monarchies - including those outside the Commonwealth - might just hold a plebicite asking a simple yes/no question on the issue and let the parties thrash out the new constitution in parliament afterwards. It is relevant to the current status of republicanism if you think about it, the fact the movement doesn't know what they want.
John Howard and me both make no excuses for our support for the monarchy for sure, but isn't it interesting that Australia's head of government can go for such a long time without anyone even raising the issue of republicanism with him? He could have been lying of course ;) Now that Kevin Rudd has said he won't be pursuing republicanism as a priority I just think the article should make it quite clear republicanism is a low priority for most people. Even their former leader Malcolm Turnbull says he wants the Union Jack to stay on the Australian flag and that the next time for debating the future of the Australian monarchy is at the end of the Queen's reign. You could fairly say there is one faction of republicanism (which includes Gough Whitlam) who have given up on the cause while Elizabeth II lives.
I mean, I see that the current status of republicanism in Australia is that the movement is stalled, without the text of their proposed amendment, and therefore without the hope of another referendum. The plebicites may never ever be held and all the details would have to be disclosed in the end anyway. Pro monarchist groups have said they won't go away even if the threshold question on the republic is passed.
With respect to the special democratic procedures outlined in s.128 of the Constitution Act, can't we find a way of saying Australian republicans know what they don't want but don't know what they do?
I'm in no hurry. What I will do is write a letter to the Australian Republican Movement asking to have a look at their draft bill for abolishing the monarchy and let you'all know what they say.
Steakknife 02:48, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* The ARM has several models complete with draft amemndments to the constitution: http://www.republic.org.au/6models/6models.pdf --Lawe 14:33, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
I didn't know the ARM's plans were so far advanced man. I haven't had time to look through that pdf document. Can you give me a link to where republicans have codified the reserve powers? Steakknife 10:34, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* Try the 1993 Republic Advisory Committee report - it has a codification by Prof Winteron --Lholden 11:13, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
* A similar codification to what Winterton proposed is included in http://www.republic.org.au/6models/6models.pdf on pages 24-27. --Lawe 13:41, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
The 1999 Republican referendum
There is some evidence to suggest that the NO vote was swelled by republican supporters who were dissatisfied with the text of the proposed amendment. What this section of the article doesn't discuss however are voters generally sympathetic to the existing constitution arrangements who voted YES because they bought into the argument that a federal republic is inevitable and the bill to alter the constitution put before them reflected the mimimum changes needed to excise the Queen from our affairs and establish a presidency.
Steakknife 22:51, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* Good point. What statistics do you have on this? Slac speak up! 23:23, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
* There is a set of polls done at the 99' referendum showing the breakdowns by model. I just don't know where they are. --Lholden 00:10, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Low priority
The current status section of the article might say some like "the issue remains a low priority for most Australians".
Now, I have seen Newspoll surveys where issues are listed and people are asked to nominate them as being "important to them". I saw one in the relatively recent past which had republicanism listed as one of the issues. 1% of people said it was "important" to them.
I'm just testing the waters here, but if I could find a reference for this poll who would support such a re-write?
My concern is that we don't want to be giving foreign readers the impression there is a lot of enthusiasm for republicanism in Australia. Even republican leaders admit a lot of their supporters are lucky to think about the issue from year to year.
Steakknife 02:56, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* If you can verify it, you can include it. However, I'm not sure that a re-write is what is needed. As I said above, any other comments about the importance or otherwise of the issue needs to be verified also. --Lholden 03:15, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Based on that Newspoll finding monarchists would have to be right in asserting that the main people who talk about republicanism post referendum are parliamentarians, journalists and a small % of politically aware people.
I reckon saying it remains a low priority for most Australians is fair and accurate if it was supported by a link to the poll.
Steakknife 03:39, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* Which poll are you referring to? The Newspoll poll linked to shows a much greater percentage of support for a republic, moreover it also shows a greater percentage of support for a republic when Prince Charles accedes to the throne. You can't, by definition of the word "assert", base a POV claim on the poll linked to. --Lholden 03:47, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Some Newspolls ask people about their in principle support for a republic whilst the one I was referring to asked them if the issue was "important" to them. The republic consistently rates 1% on every one of these scale of importance type surveys I've seen.
What if we could link a Newspoll showing 1% of people think republicanism is important to the statement "the issue remains a low priority for most Australians?" is what I am saying.
Steakknife 05:47, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* Cool. Provided that we provide figures on how many Australians think the monarchy is important :) Slac speak up! 05:51, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* As I keep saying, if you can verify it, then it can be included. --Lholden 22:17, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Out of date opinion poll
Support for the republic has dropped 1% according to a 2007 opinion poll I found here: http://www.newspoll.com.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl
Wikipedia needs to stay up to date with these snapshots of public opinion taken from time to time, we don't want to make out support for Australian republicanism is greater then what it is.
Steakknife 03:25, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* I've updated the poll with the 2007 one. --Lholden 03:30, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Queen Elizabeth II
In the section that discusses where Australian republicanism is at today maybe the article could mention the fact that people like John Howard, Gough Whitlam and Malcolm Turnbull to name a few have all conceeded there is no chance of Australia becomming a republic while Queen Elizabeth II reigns.
Steakknife 05:54, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
Australia Act and other reforms
I see the following text in this section:
"Nevertheless, all Australian Senators and Members of the House of Representatives still swear to be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty before taking their seats in Parliament. This is because this requirement is in the Constitution, and cannot be changed by legislation, but only by the people at a referendum."
I dunno, what's this "still swear" all about. To me this sorta implies federal parliamentarians would have by now scrapped the oath the the Queen is they could of their own accord. I don't know so much.
It's like saying we "still have a parliament" because it can't be abolished by legislation.
Steakknife 06:01, 24 April 2007 (UTC)
* Just have a look at Section 42 of the Constitution, and you will see that members cannot take their seats without making the oath or affirmation. Section 46 provides that any member who does so could be sued for $200 by every person in the country for every day he sits in Parliament. These sections can only be modified by referendum.
* Many people love to judge the politicians when they are swearing allegiance, to decide whether they are being truthful, honest and sincere, or whether they are lying in their teeth. If, in the 107 years since federation, there had been ONE member who announced that he would not be taking up his seat because he could not swear allegiance to the Queen, the status of politicians would have increased immensely.```` plerdsus —Preceding unsigned comment added by Plerdsus (talk • contribs) 06:07, 28 February 2008 (UTC)
NPOV tag
What is the NPOV dispute here exactly? --Lholden 22:17, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
* The section "current status" could say something like no one is pursuing republicanism as a priority.
* <IP_ADDRESS> 13:04, 6 May 2007 (UTC)
* Good - I've removed the tag as that's exactly what Kevin Rudd has been quoted in the article as stating. --Lholden 09:29, 7 May 2007 (UTC)
1 republic or 7?
One thing this article doesn't make clear is whether or not a Commonwealth referendum abolishing the monarchy would also abolish it in all six states - would separate changes be needed as well? And could, say, Queensland retain the monarchy even if abolished at Commonwealth level? Timrollpickering 20:32, 27 July 2007 (UTC)
* I think from memory the legal amendments to the Australian (federal) constitution also trickled down to the states, so technically it would be seven republics --Lholden 20:23, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
* Each state would have to agree to the changes to their own constitutions, however. The Commonwealth government couldn't force a republic, or any model thereof, on any state. --G2bambino 20:27, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
* It could actually, under the consistency provision (sect 104 I think). The Australian constitution is fairly unique for a federal system in that (much unlike Canada) the Commonwealth government can limit the states'. This is how John Howard forced the states to accept the GST cut-up in place of their own sales taxes (which wouldn't be possible under the US constitution). --Lholden 20:36, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
* Unlikely to be §104, which is concerned with the rates for carriage of goods by railway. (What a strange thing to include in a national constitution.) I expect you refer to §109, which says that if a state law and a Commonwealth law are inconsistent, the Commonwealth law shall prevail. However, the Commonwealth government cannot regulate the state governments, nor may the state governments regulate the Commonwealth government, except, of course, by tied grants. The GST only works because the states considered it more important to get that money that it was to have their powers, considering the GST was relatively free. This is no different to the situation in the US, where the drinking age is 21 y.o. in all states because it means they can get highway funds. In my view, a large part of Commonwealth governments' successful centralisation of Australia, when compared with the US Federal governments', has been because there's a lot more US States, so a much greater chance that one will stand up for their rights.
*   However, I don't think any Commonwealth government would risk a tied grant requiring the state to become a republic—some states would require a referendum on the issue. This would essentially become a referendum on federal centralisation: If the people turn it down (like we have with almost every federal referendum on centralisation), it would make it very difficult politically to continue these tied grants, and could result in the state(s) concerned declaring independence.
*   In addition, the Australia Acts explicitly refer to Her Majesty as a component of the State governments. The Australia Acts can only be repealed or ammended with the concurrence of all states. So even if one single state felt it was getting a raw deal by being compelled to become a Republic against its will, it would have the power to refuse any change to the other states.
*   A Federal referendum on the issue cannot on its own remove the Queen of Australia. If that was the end of the story, we would obtain an absurd situation wherein the states were constitutional monarchies, with the Queen of Australia reigning over them, but the Commonwealth was a republic, with a President (or Governor-General) as head of state. Although, admittedly, this is not horribly different to the situation that lasted until 1986, wherein the Queen of the United Kingdom reigned over the states, and the Queen of Australia reigned over the Commonwealth—we were just fortunate enough to only have a single person acting in two capacities.
*   One republic and six monarchies.
* —Felix the Cassowary 11:43, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* the Australia Acts explicitly refer to Her Majesty as a component of the State governments. That's precisely what I was thinking of, and I believe that's what the original poster was talking about at the top of this thread. --G2bambino 14:55, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* This question was answered at the Gladstone Convention in June 1999. According to the communique "If Australia were to decide to become a republic, an individual State could retain its links with the Crown. If Australia were to decide to become a republic, then in the interests of national unity and subject to particular state constitutional requirements being satisfied, each State should seek to adopt for itself a republican model." --Lawe 13:30, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
Models without a distinct Head of State
There is a class of model which does not have a Head of State. Someone inserted something which was unsourced at the top of Proposals for Change, however I checked the Senate Report and did find a reference to abolishing the Governor-General and monarchy. The difference is that these submissions gave functions to the Speaker or President of the Senate. --Lawe 13:27, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
Type of Republic
Does Australia want to become a full republic state or a commonwealth republic? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:06, 29 November 2007 (UTC)
Under all proposals I have read Australia would be a commonwealth republic. I am not sure what full republic state means, if it means anything. Australia would be an independent republic like any other. --Lawe (talk) 06:19, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
* A 'full republic' (like United States) is a republic with a head of state with no connections to a mother country and do not recognise with another country what-so-ever.
* A Commonwealth republic where they are not in a personal union relationship, do not have Elizabeth II as their respective Head of state, nor do they have another monarch as Head of State. Elizabeth II is still the titular Head of the Commonwealth, but does not have any political power within the Commonwealth republics. (? Taifar ious1 ?) 07:35, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
* A full republic often refers to the component republics of the USSR and the former USSR - a tautology or euphemism perhaps? --Lawe (talk) 10:42, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
* Whatever you want to call it Australians overwhelmingly wanted to remain in the commonwealth and keep our current system of government excepting severing ties to the queen and having a directly elected president. Even monarchists wanted this system if they had lost the referendum and true republicans (the common man in the street) believe the debate was hijacked by "elite" republicans in the ARM who ignored this by supporting the bi partisan model. It was a foregone conclusion that the referendum would be lost due to this despite having the numbers to pass it in pre polling. This was a very big issue during and after the referendum failed with the media blaming the ARM for the loss. Therefore... the system I described would be the only one to get enough support to win a referendum now or at any future time. Wayne (talk) 14:13, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
* These distinctions don't really make sense. The US is part of many international organisations like NATO, the UN etc. Also, as you correctly point out Elizabeth II is the titular Head of the Commonwealth but does not have any special power but you neglected to mention that mat best is seen as an equal of their respective head of state in terms of stature. Many Commonwealth nations do not consider the UK the 'motherland' particularly former colonies like India, Malaysia, Nigeria. While the commonwealth connection is a part of their identity, it is not comparable to that seen in Australia, NZ or Canada. And as an aside, other connections often take greater importance then the commonwealth, for example ASEAN for Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. Nil Einne (talk) 17:36, 22 April 2008 (UTC)
Split Question text removed from 'Republican Referendum'
I removed the following text from the sub-heading 'Republican Referendum'. I had done this before and the author re-inserted it:
''Prior to the referendum there was also extensive media debate about splitting the first question into two parts, as combining a President elected by Parliament with the vote to become a Republic was thought by many to be an attempt to sabotage the vote. This resulted in a Republican lobby group campaigning for a no vote if the question was not split or modified to include a directly elected President. ''
Can anyone can find anything in the source articles which substantiate the claims about a media debate about spliting questions? A split question does not even make sense under the existing law. Real Republic members (Ted Mack, Clem Jones, Phil Cleary) were appointed to the NO committee to campaign against an appointed President. Their direct election model was defeated at the Constitutional Convention. --Lawe (talk) 13:23, 4 January 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Kobus van Wyk
Jacobus Petrus van Wyk (born 22 January 1992 in Nababeep) is a South African rugby player for Italian team Zebre Parma in United Rugby Championship. His regular position is centre or wing.
Youth
He represented Western Province at the Under-18 Craven Week competition in 2010. Later in the same year, he was also included in the squad and made one appearance in the 2011 Under-19 Provincial Championship. In 2011, he made nine starts in the same competition, scoring five tries. In 2012 and 2013, he played for the side, weighing in with four tries in each of those competitions.
Western Province / Stormers
He was included in the squad participating in the 2013 Vodacom Cup and made his first class debut as a substitute in their match against the in Paarl. He made a further four substitute appearances in that competition, scoring tries in their matches against, and the semi-final match against the.
In 2014, he was included in the squad for the 2014 Super Rugby season and was named in the starting line-up for their first match of the season against the, despite having no Currie Cup experience or making a single first class start.
Bordeaux
In August 2016, French Top 14 side announced that they signed Van Wyk as a medical joker to replace the injured Darly Domvo. The deal would see Van Wyk arrive on a five-month deal until January 2017.
Leicester Tigers
On 20 July 2020, van Wyk signed for Leicester Tigers in England's Premiership Rugby from the 2020-21 season. After 18 appearances across two season's he was released from the club with immediate effect on 31 March 2022.
Zebre Parma
On 6 July 2022 van Wyk signed for Zebre Parma in the United Rugby Championship.
Representative rugby
Van Wyk was a late call-up to the South Africa Under-20 side during the 2012 IRB Junior World Championship held in South Africa, replacing Patrick Howard who suffered a hamstring injury during the tournament. He only made one appearance – starting the final against New Zealand, which South Africa won 22–16. | WIKI |
MIDEAST STOCKS-Blue chips lift most of Gulf, Dana surges again, Egypt at new high
* Dana Gas boosted by hope for payments from Iraqi Kurdistan * Emaar Properties, Emaar Malls support Dubai * DAMAC down on first day of MSCI inclusion * Qatar up but worst performer over week * Local, foreign funds buy Egyptian banks, property developers By Celine Aswad DUBAI, June 1 (Reuters) - Abu Dhabi’s Dana Gas was buoyed for a second day on Thursday by hopes for payments from the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), while blue chips rose in most other Middle Eastern markets and Egypt’s index closed at a record high. Dana jumped 7.3 percent, following Wednesday’s 5.1 percent jump, after news that Pearl Petroleum, a consortium involving Dana, had applied to a U.S. District Court for recognition and enforcement of awards made at the London Court of International Arbitration against the KRG. The KRG has resisted legal efforts to make it pay Pearl for years and it was not clear if the latest legal action would have a different result. A rebound in shares of blue chips also helped lift the Abu Dhabi index 1.2 percent after it fell 1.7 percent on Wednesday. First Abu Dhabi Bank advanced 1.4 percent. Dubai’s index added 0.4 percent as shares favoured by foreign funds rose. Emaar Properties climbed 1.0 percent and its retail arm Emaar Malls gained 2.0 percent. DAMAC Properties fell back 3.0 percent. It had climbed 3.5 percent on Wednesday as passive funds flowed into the stock ahead of its inclusion in MSCI’s emerging market index on Thursday. A monthly Reuters poll of regional asset managers, published on Wednesday, found they had turned bearish on United Arab Emirates shares for the next three months, citing weak trading volumes and financial pressures on some companies. Qatar’s index inched up 0.4 percent, recovering slightly from Wednesday’s large loss, but was still the week’s worst performer in the region, down 1.5 percent. The index has been under pressure since last week’s news that Ezdan Holding, one of the largest listed shares, had received preliminary approval from shareholders to delist. Ezdan, which is no longer part of the index, rebounded 4.7 percent on Thursday. Saudi Arabia’s index slipped 0.1 percent in the final hour of trade. It was almost flat for the week in very thin trade, as activity was limited by the fasting month of Ramadan. Banque Saudi Fransi dropped 2.5 percent on profit- taking after two days of strong gains but dairy producer Almarai added 0.6 percent to a fresh all-time high. In Cairo, the index climbed 1.0 percent to a fresh record closing high of 13,467 points. Banking shares and real estate developers were some of the chief gainers with Commercial International Bank adding 1.0 percent to an all-time high of 83.60 Egyptian pounds and real estate firm Talaat Mostafa Group adding 1.8 percent. The Reuters poll found fund managers were on balance bullish toward Egyptian shares, saying the central bank’s surprise interest rate hike last month was positive for some sectors, including banks. * The index fell 0.1 percent to 6,864 points. * The index added 0.4 percent to 3,352 points. * The index rebounded 1.2 percent to 4,479 points. * The index rose 0.4 percent to 9,940 points. * The index rose 1.0 percent to 13,467 points. * The index added 0.4 percent to 6,813 points. * The index climbed 0.4 percent to 1,325 points. * The index rose 0.3 percent to 5,435 points. (Editing by Andrew Torchia and Jon Boyle) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
fagopyrin
Noun
* 1) Any of a group fluorescent red pigments, found in buckwheat, that cause hypersensitivity to sunlight if ingested. | WIKI |
Step 2.2 : Create Excel Export Adapter
Before you proceed through this step, if you have your own excel form, you should prepare it. You have to create FTP OUT Adapter first to use with the Excel Export Adapter.
Create Transport Layer : FTP OUT Adapter
1. Go to SSQUARE Adapter through http://YOURDOMAIN:8380/adapter e.g. http://ssq.techberry.com:8380/adapter (Google Chrome is recommended)
2. Select FTP OUT on sidebar
3. Click + to create a new FTP OUT adapt
4. Fill the information of FTP OUT adapter
1. Click Test Connection
2. Specify directory and name/name pattern of file in Output File Configuration section
1. If test connection successfully, click Create
Create Adapter Layer : Excel Export Adapter
1. Go to SSQUARE Adapter through http://YOURDOMAIN:8380/adapter e.g. http://ssq.techberry.com:8380/adapter (Google Chrome is recommended)
2. Select Excel Export on sidebar
3. Click + to create a new Excel Export adapter
4. Fill the information of Excel Export adapter and select FTP OUT
5. In Basic Configuration section, define the details:
1. Option 1: Using excel form
6.1) Prepare your excel form and create the column that you need to map with the database
6.2) Add you basic configuration and import your excel file
** The Sheet Name should be EXACTLY THE SAME as the sheet name in excel file
6.3) Select file and click Import
6.4) Template configuration will show the fields of the excel file but if you need to change the name, you can click at that field and add new name replace it.
1. Option 2: No excel form
7.1) Click at the add sign to add new field in the template configuration
7.2) Select the field and add the field name in it and select Promote to Field which you would like to show.
1. Click Create
2. Run the test: See more Excel Export Adapter
3. Test condition and run the local test to check the result
Example of test results | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Das Kapital (Moore, 1906).pdf/175
Rh aim that lies altogether outside the sphere of circulation. But when we buy in order to sell, we, on the contrary, begin and end with the same thing, money, exchange-value; and thereby the movement becomes interminable. No doubt, M becomes M + ΔM, £100 become £110. But when viewed in their qualitative aspect alone, £110 are the same as £100, namely money; and considered quantitatively, £110 is, like £100, a sum of definite and limited value. If now, the £110 be spent as money, they cease to play their part. They are no longer capital. Withdrawn from circulation, they become petrified into a hoard, and though they remained in that state till doomsday, not a single farthing would accrue to them. If, then, the expansion of value is once aimed at, there is just the same inducement to augment the value of the £110 as that of the £100; for both are but limited expressions for exchange-value, and therefore both have the same vocation to approach, by quantitative increase, as near as possible to absolute wealth. Momentarily, indeed, the value originally advanced, the £100 is distinguishable from the surplus value of £10 that is annexed to it during circulation; but the distinction vanishes immediately. At the end of the process we do not receive with one hand the original £100, and with the other, the surplus-value of £10. We simply get a value of £110, which is in exactly the same condition and fitness for commencing the expanding process, as the original £100 was. Money ends the movement only to begin it again. Therefore, the final result of every separate circuit, in which a purchase and consequent sale are completed, forms of itself the starting point of a new circuit. The simple circulation of commodities—selling in order to buy—is a means of carrying out a purpose unconnected with circulation, namely, the appropriation of use-values, the satisfaction of wants. The circulation of money as capital is, on the contrary, an end in itself, for the expansion of value takes place only within this constantly | WIKI |
User:Wngravette/hide
Jean Paul Getty (December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976) was an American-born British industrialist. He founded the Getty Oil Company, and in 1957 Fortune magazine named him the richest living American, while the 1966 Guinness Book of Records named him as the world's richest private citizen, worth an estimated $1.2 billion (approximately $ billion in ). At his death, he was worth more than $6 billion (approximately $ billion in ). A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th richest American who ever lived, based on his wealth as a percentage of the gross national product.
Despite his vast wealth, Getty was infamously frugal, notably negotiating his grandson's ransom in 1973.
Getty was an avid collector of art and antiquities; his collection formed the basis of the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, California, and over $661 million (approximately $ billion in ) of his estate was left to the museum after his death. He established the J. Paul Getty Trust in 1953. The trust is the world's wealthiest art institution, and operates the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Getty Foundation, the Getty Research Institute, and the Getty Conservation Institute.
Life and career
Getty was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Sarah Catherine McPherson (Risher) and George Getty, who was in the petroleum business.
He enrolled at the University of Southern California, then at University of California, Berkeley. In 1913, he obtained a diploma in Economics and Political Science from the University of Oxford, having enrolled as a non-collegiate student on November 28, 1912. He spent his summers between studies working on his father's oil fields in Oklahoma. Running his own oil company in Tulsa, he made his first million by June 1910. The Nancy Taylor No. 1 Oil Well Site near Haskell, Oklahoma, was crucial to his early financial success. This oil well was the first to be drilled by J. P. Getty.
In 1919, Getty returned to business in Oklahoma. During the 1920s, he added about $3 million to his already sizable estate. His succession of marriages and divorces (three during the 1920s, five throughout his life) so distressed his father, however, that J. Paul inherited a mere $500,000 of the $10 million fortune his father George had left at the time of his death. Just before he died in 1930, George Franklin Getty said that Jean Paul would ultimately destroy the family company.
Shrewdly investing his resources during the Great Depression, Getty acquired Pacific Western Oil Corporation, and he began the acquisition (completed in 1953) of the Mission Corporation, which included Tidewater Oil and Skelly Oil. In 1967 the billionaire merged these holdings into Getty Oil.
Beginning in 1949, Getty paid Ibn Saud $9.5 million in cash and $1 million a year for a 60-year concession to a tract of barren land near the border of Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. No oil had ever been discovered there, and none appeared until four years had passed, and $30 million had been spent. From 1953 onward, Getty's gamble produced 16000000 oilbbl a year, which contributed greatly to the fortune responsible for making him one of the richest people in the world.
Getty increased the family wealth, learning to speak Arabic, which enabled his unparalleled expansion into the Middle East. Getty owned the controlling interest in nearly 200 businesses, including Getty Oil. Associates identified his overall wealth at between $2 billion and $4 billion. It didn't come easily, perhaps inspiring Getty's widely quoted remark—"The meek shall inherit the earth, but not its mineral rights." J. Paul Getty was an owner of Getty Oil, Getty Inc., George F. Getty Inc., Pacific Western Oil Corporation, Mission Corporation, Mission Development Company, Tidewater Oil, Skelly Oil, Mexican Seaboard Oil, Petroleum Corporation of America, Spartan Aircraft Company, Spartan Cafeteria Company, Minnehoma Insurance Company, Minnehoma Financial Company, Pierre Hotel at Fifth Avenue and East 61st Street (NYC), Pierre Marques Hotel at Revolcadero Beach near Acapulco, Mexico, a 15th-century palace and nearby castle at Ladispoli on the coast northwest of Rome, a Malibu ranch home and Sutton Place, a 72-room mansion near Guildford, Surrey, 35 miles from London.
He moved to Britain in the 1950s and became a prominent admirer of England, its people, and its culture. He lived and worked at his 16th-century Tudor estate, Sutton Place; the traditional country house became the centre of Getty Oil and his associated companies and he used the estate to entertain his British and Arabian friends (including the British Rothschild family and numerous rulers of Middle Eastern countries). Getty lived the rest of his life in the British Isles, dying of heart failure at the age of 83 on June 6, 1976.
Marriages, divorces and children
Getty was married and divorced five times. He had five sons with four of his wives:
* 1) Jeanette Demont (married 1923 – divorced 1926); one son George Franklin Getty II (1924–1973)
* 2) Allene Ashby (1926–divorced 1928) no children
* 3) Adolphine Helmle (1928–1932); one son Jean Ronald Getty (born 1929), whose son, Christopher Ronald Getty, married Pia Miller, sister of Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece.
* 4) Ann Rork (1932–1936); two sons Eugene Paul Getty, later John Paul Getty Jr (1932–2003) and Gordon Peter Getty (born 1934)
* 5) Louise Dudley "Teddy" Lynch (1939–1958); one son Timothy Ware Getty (1946–1958)
At age 99, in 2013, Getty's fifth wife, Louise—now known as Teddy Getty Gaston—published a memoir reporting how Getty had scolded her for spending money too freely in the 1950s on the treatment of their six-year-old son, Timmy, who had become blind from a brain tumor. Timmy died at age 12, and Getty, living in England apart from his wife and son back in the U.S., did not attend the funeral. Teddy divorced him that year. Teddy Gaston died in April 2017 at the age of 103.
Getty was quoted as saying "A lasting relationship with a woman is only possible if you are a business failure", and "I hate to be a failure. I hate and regret the failure of my marriages. I would gladly give all my millions for just one lasting marital success."
Coin-box telephone
Getty famously had a pay phone installed at Sutton Place, helping to seal his reputation as a miser. Getty placed dial-locks on all the regular telephones, limiting their use to authorized staff, and the coin-box telephone was installed for others. In his autobiography, he described his reasons:
"Now, for months after Sutton Place was purchased, great numbers of people came in and out of the house. Some were visiting businessmen. Others were artisans or workmen engaged in renovation and refurbishing. Still others were tradesmen making deliveries of merchandise. Suddenly, the Sutton Place telephone bills began to soar. The reason was obvious. Each of the regular telephones in the house has direct access to outside lines and thus to long-distance and even overseas operators. All sorts of people were making the best of a rare opportunity. They were picking up Sutton Place phones and placing calls to girlfriends in Geneva or Georgia and to aunts, uncles and third cousins twice-removed in Caracas and Cape Town. The costs of their friendly chats were, of course, charged to the Sutton Place bill."
When speaking in a televised interview with Alan Whicker in February 1963, Getty said that he thought guests would want to use a payphone. After 18 months, Getty explained, "The in-and-out traffic flow at Sutton subsided. Management and operation of the house settled into a reasonable routine. With that, the pay-telephone [was] removed, and the dial-locks were taken off the telephones in the house."
Kidnapping of grandson John Paul Getty III
thumb|The cover of As I See It, Getty's autobiography On July 10, 1973, in Rome, 'Ndrangheta kidnappers abducted Getty's 16-year-old grandson, John Paul Getty III, and demanded by telephone a $17 million payment for the teenage grandson's safe return. However, "the family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather." John Paul Getty Jr. asked his father for the money, but was refused.
In November 1973, an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear arrived at a daily newspaper. The second demand had been delayed three weeks by an Italian postal strike. The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless the victims paid $3.2 million: "This is Paul’s ear. If we don’t get some money within 10 days, then the other ear will arrive. In other words, he will arrive in little bits."
When the kidnappers finally reduced their demands to $3 million, Getty senior agreed to pay no more than $2.2 million—the maximum that would be tax-deductible. He lent his son the remaining $800,000 at 4% interest. Paul III was found alive in a filling station of Lauria, in the province of Potenza, shortly after the ransom was paid. After his release Paul III called his grandfather to thank him for paying the ransom but, it is claimed, Getty refused to come to the phone. Nine people associated with 'Ndrangheta were later arrested for the kidnapping, but only two were convicted. Paul III was permanently affected by the trauma and became a drug addict. After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, Paul III was rendered speechless, nearly blind and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died 30 years later on February 5, 2011 at the age of 54.
Getty defended his initial refusal to pay the ransom on two points. First, he argued that to submit to the kidnappers' demands would immediately place his other fourteen grandchildren at the risk of copy-cat kidnappers. He added:
"The second reason for my refusal was much broader-based. I contend that acceding to the demands of criminals and terrorists merely guarantees the continuing increase and spread of lawlessness, violence and such outrages as terror-bombings, "skyjackings" and the slaughter of hostages that plague our present-day world. (Getty, 1976, p. 139)."
Death
Getty died June 6, 1976, Sutton Place near Guildford, Surrey, England. He was buried in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles County, California at the Getty Villa. The gravesite is not open to the public.
Media portrayals
The 2017 film All the Money in the World - directed by Ridley Scott and adapted from the book Painfully Rich: The Outrageous Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Heirs of J. Paul Getty by John Pearson - is a dramatisation of the abduction of Getty's grandson in which Getty is portrayed by Christopher Plummer. Plummer was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.
The kidnapping will also be dramatized in the upcoming series Trust, directed by Danny Boyle, in which Donald Sutherland will play Getty.
Published works
* Getty, J. Paul. The history of the bigger oil business of George F.S. F. and J. Paul Getty from 1903 to 1939. Los Angeles?, 1941.
* Getty, J. Paul. Europe in the Eighteenth Century. [Santa Monica, Calif.]: privately printed, 1949.
* Le Vane, Ethel, and J. Paul Getty. Collector's Choice: The Chronicle of an Artistic Odyssey through Europe. London: W.H. Allen, 1955.
* Getty, J. Paul. My Life and Fortunes. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1963.
* Getty, J. Paul. The Joys of Collecting. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1965.
* Getty, J. Paul. How to be Rich. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1965.
* Getty, J. Paul. The Golden Age. New York: Trident Press, 1968.
* Getty, J. Paul. How to be a Successful Executive. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1971.
* Getty, J. Paul. As I See It: The Autobiography of J. Paul Getty. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1976. ISBN 0-13-049593-X. | WIKI |
Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation
Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) is a 45,000-hectare forest and 14,082-hectare marine conservation area on the southern tip of Sumatra. The area is remote, with no public transportation available. TWNC was founded by Tomy Winata, an Indonesian businessman and philanthropist. Owner and chairman of the Artha Graha Group and Network, Winata also founded the nonprofit Artha Graha Peduli Foundation.
Since 1996 (followed by a 2010 agreement), TWNC has been funded and managed by the foundation. As part of a July 2008 agreement with the Indonesian Ministry of Forestry, TWNC is part of the 365000 ha Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park.
History
The area has experienced illegal activity, including poaching, illegal fishing and unauthorized logging and land use. As a result of these activities, deforestation in the national park has destroyed about 20 percent of the forest. Coral reefs were damaged by an exponential increase in fishing over an approximately 20000 ha area around the TWNC.
Forest, wildlife and marine conservation
The Go-Green Society began the foundation’s program to restore TWNC in 1998. The recovery progress was relatively slow because of extensive damage caused by illegal activity in the area, and the foundation spent years reducing and stabilizing the rate of deforestation in the conservation area.
Foundation programs and efforts implemented in TWNC include:
* Reforestation, planting more than 10,000 trees of endemic species including waru, bayur (Pterospermum javanicum) and nyamplung since 1998
* Assisting Indonesian forest patrols with additional personnel and equipment to protect TWNC Conservation and provide training and information about conservation to villagers surrounding TWNC.
* Rescue of Sumatran tigers. According to a 2010 WWF-IUCN estimate, the Sumatran tiger population numbers less than 300. The foundation and TWNC are working with Panthera, an international nongovernmental organisation focused on big cats. Since 1998 the foundation and TWNC have moved eight Sumatran tigers, and five have been returned to their natural habitat. In the TWNC area there are 30–40 Sumatran tigers, which are occasionally photographed. In 2011, three cubs were born in the area to rescued Sumatran tigers.
* Return of endangered species, including sea turtles and the Sunda pangolin, to their natural habitats
* A program encouraging local residents to support the foundation’s go-green activities, reversing deforestation
* A drug-rehabilitation program, employing former addicts in conservation-based activities in cooperation with the National Anti-Narcotics Agency (BNN) to reduce the rate of relapse. The program combines drug rehabilitation with TWNC's conservation work, encouraging former addicts to pursue careers in conservation and ecotourism. The program was presented by Winata at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2013 annual meeting in Vienna.
* A limited ecotourism program, providing biodegradable products and tree-planting activities.
Forest conservation
As indicated by its absence of tigers in conflict, TWNC's natural forest is an example of a complete food chain. Its marine conservation has attracted individual visitors and national and international institutions such as UNESCO, the IUCN, the World Bank, Phantera, and UNODC. In 2012, Kylie Minogue visited Tambling during her visit to Indonesia. Fifteen foreign ambassadors visited TWNC during the 2009 Krakatau Festival. Media outlets, including The New York Times, have visited TWNC.
Challenges
The mantangan plant (Meremia peltata), a flowering vine in the morning glory family which limits trees' access to sunlight, is an environmental challenge. Another challenge is the loss of TWNC's coastal area. Several areas in TWNC have eroded as much as 20 m due to rising sea levels triggered by global warming. Indonesia had comprised 17,508 islands, but the loss of small islands to rising seawater has reduced its total to about 17,400.
International support
Although it is the third country classified as a "lung of the world", Indonesia faces a challenge in sustaining funding for its conservation activities.
Award
On 16 July 2014 TWNC received an award from Panthera for its success in Sumatran tiger conservation at the annual Tigers Forever meeting in Jakarta. | WIKI |
Skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise: can we call it “Sarcohormesis”?
By Maurílio Dutra and Martim Bottaro
More than eighty years ago, the process of adaptation of the human body in response to a specific stressor to return to normal homeostasis was termed “general adaptation syndrome”[1]. The concept was then broadened to what it is now referred to as the hormesis theory[2]. The idea of hormesis has been recently adapted to the mitochondria and has been named mitohormesis[3,4]. The term refers to an adaptive response mediated by mitochondria in which exposure to a low to mild level of stress culminates in increased stress resistance over time[3]. Usually, the main cause of this stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (ie, oxidative stress). Noteworthy, physical exercise increases mitochondrial metabolism and ROS formation, which triggers this adaptive response leading not only to increased stress resistance (i.e. antioxidant defense), but also to a plethora of physiological adaptations that eventually culminates in extended life span [3].
Merry and Ristow [2] have recently reviewed this topic and summarized the evidence that mitohormesis is a significant adaptive-response signaling pathway that is precipitated by exercise. They suggest that mitohormesis plays a key role in mediating exercise induced adaptations. In addition to ROS, the authors state that there are other potential mitochondrial signal emitters acting to mediate adaptation in physical exercise, such as mitochondrial derived peptides (mitokines). Of note, both ROS and mitokines may elicit mitochondrial and systemic adaptations that protect the body against metabolic disturbances[2].
In another review [5], authors highlight that ROS produced as a consequence of muscle contraction may serve as signaling molecules to stimulate adaptations due to the activation of redox sensitive signaling pathway. Some of the most important redox sensitive pathways implicated in skeletal muscle adaptations are nuclear factor κB (NFκB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α)[5]. It’s argued that they play a role in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant defense, inflammation and protein turnover[5]. Thus, redox signaling may be one of the most relevant molecular mechanisms of exercise induced adaptive response (i.e. hormesis/mitohormesis) that leads to improved skeletal muscle health, once skeletal muscle is the major source of ROS during exercise[6].
Interest is emerging with regard to strategies that apply stress to muscle before, during or after exercise in order to stimulate a greater adaptation. These include restricted carbohydrate intake, blood flow restricted exercise, mechanical overload or even heating the muscles passively[7]. Indeed, with or without those strategies, physical exercise can expose skeletal muscles to distinct kinds of stress including thermal, metabolic, oxidative, hypoxic or mechanical stress[7]. Type, volume, intensity and duration of exercise, and type of contraction activity (i.e. aerobic, resistive, concentric, eccentric, etc.) will dictate the predominant form of exercise stress. Also, stress coming from an exercise session may activate a variety of biochemical messengers that are not limited to mitochondrial ROS. For instance, high or repetitive forces over skeletal muscle (ie, mechanical overload) leads to disruption of the sarcolemma, basal lamina and active myofibrillar proteins. Literature refers to this as exercise induced muscle damage (EIMD) and is well documented in previous research[6,8]. EIMD triggers an inflammatory response mediated by neutrophils (i.e. phagocytic cells) that migrate to the trauma area and induce secretion of other agents to facilitate repair and regeneration[8]. In this scenario, ROS can be one of the agents produced by neutrophils and start adaptation signaling (i.e. a secondary source of ROS acting on skeletal muscle)[6]. However, other anabolic agents are synthetized within skeletal muscle that can mediate adaptation and muscle growth (i.e. hypertrophy) such as cytokines (myokines). Numerous myokines were identified including interleukins (i.e. IL-6, IL-10, etc.) that contribute to hypertrophic signaling in an autocrine-paracrine fashion[8]. In addition, mechanical stimuli alone can initiate other anabolic pathways such as muscle swelling, quiescent satellite cell proliferation and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), the latter being considered the major extracellular mediator of skeletal muscle growth [8]. Hence, structural damage to muscle cells activate a series of relevant adaptation pathways via mechanotransduction that may be linked or not with ROS.
For the sake of these arguments, it would not be inappropriate that we extend the concept of hormesis beyond mitochondria. In this sense, “sarcohormesis” would be a candidate term to identify skeletal muscle adaptation to stress, particularly the stress coming from physical exertion. In other words, “sarcohormesis” could finely represent the compensation/supercompensation response of skeletal muscle cells to the transient homeostasis disturbances caused by exercise. Noteworthy, regarding mechanotransduction pathways, resistance exercise would be the most suitable stimuli to emblematize “sarcohormesis”. Nevertheless, future appraisal of the term is pertinent and welcome.
Maurílio Dutra is a PhD candidate at the College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. His research focus on skeletal muscle adaptations to strength training combined with antioxidants supplementation.
Dr Martim Bottaro is the head of the Strength Training Research Laboratory, and a full Professor at the College of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
Competing interests
None declared
References
1 Selye H. A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents. Nature 1936;138:32.
2 Merry TL, Ristow M. Mitohormesis in exercise training. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;98:123–30. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.11.032
3 Ristow M, Zarse K. How increased oxidative stress promotes longevity and metabolic health: The concept of mitochondrial hormesis (mitohormesis). Exp Gerontol 2010;45:410–8. doi:10.1016/j.exger.2010.03.014
4 Ristow M. Unraveling the Truth About Antioxidants: Mitohormesis explains ROS-induced health benefits. Nat Med 2014;20:709–11. doi:10.1038/nm.3624
5 Ji LL, Kang C, Zhang Y. Exercise-induced hormesis and skeletal muscle health. Free Radic Biol Med 2016;98:113–22. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.025
6 McGinley C, Shafat A, Donnelly AE. Does antioxidant vitamin supplementation protect against muscle damage? Sport. Med. 2009;39:1011–32. doi:10.2165/11317890-000000000-00000
7 Peake JM, Markworth JF, Nosaka K, et al. Modulating exercise-induced hormesis: does less equal more? J Appl Physiol 2015;119:172–89. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01055.2014
8 Schoenfeld BJ. Does Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Play a Role in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy? J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:1441–1453. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824f207e
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HMVS Gordon
HMVS Gordon was a torpedo boat operated by the Victorian Naval Forces, the Commonwealth Naval Forces, and the Royal Australian Navy. She was launched in 1884 and lost in an accident in 1914.
Construction
Designed for the defence of the British colony of Victoria, Gordon was ordered on 5 February 1885. She was launched at the Cowes yard of J. Samuel White in 1884. She was 56 ft long and displaced about 12 tons. The compound surface-condensing steam engine by G. E. Bayliss & Co. provided 150 ihp, sufficient for about 15 kn.
Gordon was armed with three 1-inch Nordenfelt guns and carried two sets of dropping gear for Whitehead torpedoes. She was manned by 11 men.
Service
Gordon served as a depot tender to Williamstown Dockyard from 1901 to 1914.
When the colonies of Australia were federated in 1901, Gordon became part of the Commonwealth Naval Forces. The Royal Australian Navy was formed in 1911 and from this time she was referred to as HMAS Gordon.
Fate
Gordon was rammed and sunk in Port Phillip Bay by the picket boat Picket on 14 November 1914. | WIKI |
Open Thread: This Week in Style News
Open Thread Each week, the Open Thread newsletter will offer a look from across The New York Times at the forces that shape the dress codes we share, with Vanessa Friedman as your personal shopper. The latest newsletter appears here. To receive it in your inbox, register here. Hello and happy Easter/Passover weekend. I returned from nine days in Wyoming to a cooking whirlwind. You remember that old commercial that went, “time to make the donuts”? (And yes, I know I am dating myself.) Well, for me, it’s time to make the matzoh balls. And time to get back into the thick of things. After all, while I was wandering around in the wilderness, a lot was happening in fashion. First Louis Vuitton named Virgil Abloh, a haute streetwear designer and F.o.K. (friend of Kanye) as its new head of men’s wear. And then Stella McCartney announced she was buying her brand back from Kering, the luxury group that also owns Gucci, YSL and Balenciaga (another brand, by the way, that now has a high-fashion streetwear guy, Demna Gvasalia, as its head designer). They had previously had a joint venture, and now Stella will be 100% indie and self-owned — at least until she takes on another investor, which she may or may not do. What does it all mean? As for the first item, I would expect a lot of logo action to start. Then, the question will be whether the Abloh appointment really does herald the luxury streetwear age, a sector-disrupting event that may change how we think about clothes in a permanent way. (Unlike, say, when contemporary designers such as Alexander Wang hit Paris, which despite a lot of hype had very little permanent effect.) Or whether it reveals, as some have suggested, that Mr. Abloh is an emperor who talks a great game but actually has no clothes. As for the second, there has been a lot of cheering about this being a triumph for the indie designer (an oft-seeming endangered species) versus the corporate megalith, coupled with rumors that Ms. McCartney will bring her show back to London from Paris. That isn’t happening, however — at least not according to her spokesman. And while it’s possible Ms. McCartney may pick up the banner of the indie designer from such champions as Dries Van Noten and Rei Kawakubo — she has never shied away from activism — my guess is that this is more a practical decision about her business, and Kering’s, than a major political message about the state of the industry. But we shall see! In the meantime, and speaking of luxury streetwear: Apparently in Sunday night’s NBC production of “Jesus Christ Superstar Live” John Legend will play Jesus while wearing … really expensive Balmain jeans. (And no, that’s not an April Fools’ Day joke.) Don’t know about you, but that seems kind of off-character to me. So if you want something else to think about, check out this story about the complications of creating a fashion week in Saudi Arabia, these tips on how to travel light and dress well (it’s possible!), and the surprising news about the troubles at H&M. And now, back to my latkes (and btw — for great recipes, I recommend NYTimes Cooking). Fan Mania: Earlier this month, shortly before the crowd outside his Off-White show almost exploded into riot, Virgil Abloh signed a fan’s sweatshirt at an event with Chrome Hearts in Paris earlier this month. Read more about our 48 Hours with Mr. Abloh. Every week on Open Thread, Vanessa will answer a reader’s fashion-related question, which you can send to her anytime via email or Twitter. Questions are edited and condensed. Q: Every year, I go to a rural location (Mendocino, Calif.) for a weeklong break, once in the summer and once during the fall/winter transition. While I’m not trying to be “cute,” I do want to look reasonably put together. Any suggestions on some go-to pieces? — Angelin, Oakland, CA A: This is a perennial question when going to a vacation destination: You don’t want to look as though you are donning a costume by going pretend-native (i.e., wearing what glossy magazines photograph as fantasy-in-the-brush clothing). That generally only makes you stand out as someone who doesn’t belong. Or as the Brits like to say, “mutton dressed as lamb.” On the other hand, you also can’t wear the same thing you wear to, say, work in an urban environment. However, if you go to the same place with regularity (as I do with Wyoming and rural Ontario), the simplest answer is to start with the basics — jeans, leggings, sneakers, cargo shorts, T-shirts, a fleece — and then shop local. In fact, my general approach to vacation wardrobes is to think not fashion, but food: Source from where you are, and think small-batch. You can always add the spice later. — VANESSA FRIEDMAN | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
noob in 3ds cfw need advise.
Discussion in '3DS - Flashcards & Custom Firmwares' started by Ace331, Apr 25, 2017.
1. Ace331
OP
Ace331 Newbie
Newcomer
2
0
Apr 25, 2017
Macau
Hi, i bought a 3ds already hacked a year ago and i enjoyed it but i didn't pay much attention to the cfw/hack/jailbreak of my new3ds and now i'm facing a problem.
i did manage to learn how to convert 3ds games to cia wich was a little complicated but now, after a faulty update, i have the 11.3 fw on my new3ds, rxtools doesn't work anymore and my 3ds is very unstable (1/3 times it load without the cfw or games)
so my question are:
how can i know the type of hack, the version, that are on my 3ds and learn about them.
how can i put games on my 3ds as now rxtools doesn't work, and so i have no mean to convert 3ds to cia.
thank you kindly
2. Zidapi
Zidapi GBAtemp Psycho!
Member
3,057
1,829
Dec 1, 2002
Sounds like you're using menuhax to boot an emuNAND, it has a pretty bad boot rate (1/3 sounds about right).
I'd recommend following 3ds.guide from start to finish.
By the end you'll be running the most popular CFW luma3ds, via the best exploit available arm9loaderhax (100% boot rate versus menuhax's 60/30).
You can keep emuNAND if you like, or clone it to your sysNAND and reclaim ~2GB of space on your SD card.
If you need NTR's streaming function, you can stay on 11.3, otherwise it's recommended you update to the latest firmware (11.4).
My recommended method would be to rip your cartridges directly to cia, then install them to your homemenu using decrypt9.
This is what I do anyhow, others have their own preferred method for obtaining and installing games.
3. Ace331
OP
Ace331 Newbie
Newcomer
2
0
Apr 25, 2017
Macau
Thank you kindly for your informations and guidance, i shall follow the guide and update this thread with the results.
i would very much appreciate your help if needed further.
Thank you again.
4. epickid37
epickid37 ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
Member
837
838
Jan 4, 2017
United States
mushroom kingdom
as long as you follow the guide to the letter, and don't skip steps, you'll be good
Loading... | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Radio Tip Top
Radio Tip Top was a BBC Radio 1 comedy programme broadcast from 1995 to 1996. Produced by the Tip Top Organisation (co-founded by Nigel Proktor), the show was a retro take on 1960s broadcasting, presented by The Ginger Prince (Nigel Proktor) and Kid Tempo (Eli Hourd). The program encouraged listener interaction and offered free membership to Club Tip Top, which also sold numerous items of merchandise.
The tag line to the show was "If it ain't tip-top, then it ain't Tip Top".
One of the features of the show was a live performance from the Starlight Rooms hosted by The Ginger Prince, which featured a band called Blinder, whose lead singer was called Knocker. They performed various covers of songs around at the time.
Prior to BBC Radio 1 it was a pirate radio station broadcasting on a Wednesday night to the London area. This started broadcasting in 1993 up until it was closed down and moved to the BBC.
The show raised money for a guide dog from listeners' contributions. It was named Technotronic, and a party was held in London which listeners could attend. According to the presenters, the station's transmission was powered by "Lunewyre technology in total Spectrasound". In later episodes this was upgraded to "Lunewyre technology Plus—with lasers, for improved total Spectrasound".
Listeners were encouraged to become members of the Tip Top Club and were issued with individual membership numbers.
Characters on the show included Postman Patois, a reggae loving mailman who ended his segments with the advice: "Don't, don't don't....forget your postcode." Also featured was 'Norman Barrington', a spoof of the real DJ who was heard on Radio Caroline during the first half of the 1970s. (No request was ever made for permission for the use of his real name).
Tip Top also released a single, a cover of M's "Pop Muzik". It was backed with a humorous take on Babylon Zoo's Spaceman, performed by the above-mentioned Blinder, with singer Knocker on helium.
A pilot TV show, Tip Top TV, was produced, but this never went to series. The pilot featured Kid Tempo and the Ginger Prince (Hourd and Proktor) plus the "Lunewyre Technology" girls - Stellar, Astra, Galaxy and Nova - with musical guests Let Loose and Eternal, plus an all-girl dance group called Girls Today. | WIKI |
Coronavirus Covid-19 Information
Penicillin Allergy Patient Information
Penicillin allergy is an unexpected reaction to a medication that is mediated by the immune system. This typically causes a rash, but sometimes can make you very unwell. Penicillin allergy does not refer to expected side effects of medication, such as stomach upset. Penicillin allergy is reported by more than 12% of Irish healthcare users. However, the majority of people that think they have penicillin allergy can actually take penicillin safely. This means that they may be avoiding a useful drug for no reason.
• Penicillin allergy testing allows hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin to be diagnosed or ruled out. This may allow you to be treated with penicillin which is a very effective treatment for many infections.
Additionally, patients that can take penicillin have lower levels of resistant infections and even have shorter hospital stays, on average.
• Drug allergy testing typically involves 4 steps:
1. You will be assessed by the immunology doctor to determine suitability for testing. Skin testing is not appropriate for all forms of penicillin allergy – for example, skin testing does not provide information on delayed drug reactions.
2. Skin prick testing – the skin is scratched with a solution of the suspect medication and related medications. Typically 8 test solutions are required. A positive test results in a small hive.
3. 'Intradermal' testing – a small amount of the drug is injected into the skin. This can be painful.
4. Diagnostic challenge testing – you will be given the suspect drug and observed for an allergic reaction. This is considered an essential part of the testing process. It is to be expected that a small number of people will develop allergic symptoms, even when skin tests are negative. These symptoms are usually mild but can be severe on occasion. The development of allergic symptoms indicates a positive diagnostic challenge. In order to proceed with assessment you should be prepared to undergo diagnostic challenge testing and be aware that there is a risk of allergic reaction.
• The testing process may take between 3 and 8 hours, depending on the number of tests required. You may be required to attend on several occasions to complete the test. In some cases, an extended diagnostic challenge for up to 5 days may be required.
• No, this is not possible. The available tests are not suitable for screening
• Skin testing for penicillin allergy can be a little uncomfortable and itchy. Serious reactions to skin testing are very rare.
• Diagnostic challenge testing is carried out after skin tests are negative. When skin tests are negative the risk of reaction is low, but, allergic reactions do occur – this is why the diagnostic challenge test is carried out.
These reactions are usually mild but on occasion can be serious or even life threatening, with long term consequences. However, major problems are very uncommon,
Very rarely you can become allergic after having a negative diagnostic challenge. This is very uncommon.
The medical team can treat most allergic reactions in the unlikely event of problems.
• Unfortunately waiting times are very long for this service. We are continuing to work to improve the availability assessment for medication allergy. In addition, testing is currently restricted, in line with NICE guidance.
• If you decide not to proceed with testing you can discuss this with your doctor. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Crosby & Nash: Highlights
Crosby & Nash Highlights is a shortened version of 2004's Crosby & Nash.
Track listing
* 1) "Lay Me Down" (James Raymond) – 3:37
* 2) "Milky Way Tonight" (Graham Nash) – 3:25
* 3) "Don't Dig Here" (Raymond, Nash, Kunkel) – 6:10
* 4) "Penguin in a Palm Tree" (Nash) – 3:50
* 5) "I Surrender" (Cohn) – 4:15
* 6) "Through Here Quite Often" (David Crosby, Dean Parks) – 4:05
* 7) "They Want It All" (Crosby) – 5:35
* 8) "Puppeteer" (Raymond) – 4:06
* 9) "Live on (the Wall)" (Flannery, Nash, Plunkett, Proffer) – 3:22
* 10) "Grace" (Raymond) – 0:46
* 11) "Jesus of Rio" (Nash, Jeff Pevar) – 4:12
* 12) "How Does It Shine?" (Crosby) – 5:21
* 13) "My Country 'Tis of Thee" (Traditional) – 1:43
Personnel
* David Crosby - vocals, guitar
* Graham Nash - vocals, guitar, harmonica, piano
* Dean Parks - guitar
* Jeff Pevar - guitar
* Dan Dugmore - pedal steel guitar
* Steve Farris - electric guitar
* Leland Sklar - bass
* James Raymond - keyboards
* Matt Rollings - piano
* Russ Kunkel - drums, percussion
* Luis Conte - percussion
* Arnold McCuller - vocals
* Kate Markowitz - vocals
* Windy Wagner - vocals | WIKI |
More on Errors ============== In the last article, I was looking at how to handle “semantic errors”, such as ``[z-a]``. As a simplified test case, I'd been playing with this grammar:: S ← a:Letter b:Letter ( &{ a < b } / &{ fail("invalid range") } ) → { "yes" } Letter :: char ← [a-z] { ref_0(ref()) } I have a proof-of-concept implementation of ``fail()`` that makes this work, and I'd suggested that we might add some syntactic sugar to make this cleaner. Well, I think this is rather sweet:: S ← a:Letter b:Letter &{ a < b || fail("invalid range") } → { "yes" } I don't know why it took me quite so long to hit upon that. Anyway, so what's really needed is to expose ``fail()`` properly. Hmm... this is harder than I thought. The proof-of-concept implementation calls ``exit()``, but that's not what we want to do, we just want to return early from the parser. But ``return`` and even ``goto`` are statements, not expressions, so even doing nasty tricks with macros I don't see how ``fail()`` can easily cause an early exit from the parser. I suppose ``fail()`` could set a flag in the parser object, that we test often in the engine. So I did a proof-of-concept implementation of that. And on further reflection... **yeuch!** This whole tangent is misgiven. The “problem” I'm trying to solve is that if I use a semantic guard to reject ``[z-a]`` as a character range, my grammar will instead parse it as a 3-character class, the same as ``[-az]``. But this is a bug in the grammar: the alternative interpretation is simply wrong. And if fixing that bug also means that we *don't* interpret ``[a-m-n-z]`` as the same range as ``[-a-z]``, well, at least that will match regular expressions. This is all completed now, and available from the git repo:: git clone git://paccrat.org/pacc | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Jnestorius/Zzzzzzzzzzzz
* OED 2 v.10 p.827 sv ooh int. " also oo, ooohh, etc"
* [1916 Eugene O'Neill Bound East for Cardiff in Provincetown Plays] I guess my old pump's busted. Ooohh!
* [1964 Len Deighton Funeral in Berlin xlviii 301] There was a great 'Ooohh' and 'Aaahh' as the rocket burst.
* [1976 Feb 12 New Musical Express p.24 c.2] All that mopery and Ooooh, it's so hard and lonely at the top.
* OED 2 v.15 p.118 sv sh int. "An exclamation used to enjoin silence ... The reduplication or prolongation of the sound is indicated by sh-sh, s-s-sh, and the like"
* [1847 Man in the Moon II 114] He imposed silence by a long drawn S-s-s-s-s-s-h!
* [1848 William Makepeace Thackeray Vanity Fair xix] she uttered a shshshsh so sibilant and ominous
* [1893 Joseph Ashby-Sterry Naughty Girl vii] S-s-sh! Don't make a noise!
* OED 2 v.20 p.789 sv z 4 "Used (usually repeatedly) to represent a buzzing sound; also conventionally representing the sound of snoring";
* [1983 Nov 4 Private Eye p.6 c.2]: Once you have hit on a commercial product you just go on producing more of the same, over and … zzzz … over and … zzzz … over and … zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.
* Ben Zimmer "If we can accept onomatopoetic representations of snoring, then we can pile up as many Z‘s as we want"
* The passage relies not only on our knowledge of the conventions of graphology, phonology, and morphology, however, but also on those of the rhetorical device of onomatopoeia itself. To take one example, it is a convention not to be found among the rules of the English language that a repeated letter automatically represents a lengthened sound: the spelling of gaffer, for instance, does not imply that the medial consonant is pronounced at greater length than that of loafer; and a succession of more than two repeated letters cannot be handled by the rules at all. But we have no difficulty with Joyce's triple Fff, which we interpret as an indication of marked duration; such breaches of the graphological rules function, in fact, as strong indicators that we are in the presence of an onomatopoeic device.
* The iconic use of word length (corresponding roughly to imagined sound length) as found both in ordinary words with repeated letters (e.g. ‘seeeee’) and in onomatopoeia and interjections, (e.g. ‘wheee’, ‘grr’, ‘grrrrrr’, ‘agh’, ‘aaaggghhh’) normally implies strong affective states.
* Letter replication has often been associated with “word lengthening” or “vowel lengthening”. Its occurrence has already been reported in twitter corpora and microblogs (Brody & Diakopoulos, 2011). Brody & Diakopoulos (2011, p. 563) suggest that word lengthening due to letter replication is a “substitute for prosodic emphasis (increased duration or change in pitch)”. ... We may also consider letter replications as prosodic amplifiers (e.g. bbbbaaaaaacccckkk).
* we hypothesize that the commonly observed phenomenon of lengthening words by repeating letters is a substitute for prosodic emphasis (increased duration or change of pitch).
* One of the reasons why [interjections] tend to be ignored in scientific literature is perhaps the fact that a large share of them demonstrate phonological anomalies and are therefore considered to be marginal items in the lexicon (consider for example the English interjections pst, ugh or whew that consist of sounds or of combinations of sounds not found in other parts of the lexical system). Moreover, their spelling often varies from speaker to speaker (ahh, aah, aahh), which poses difficulties for lexicographers as well as corpus researchers. Finally, interjections – by their spontaneous nature – typically occur in spoken rather than written language and are therefore often completely absent from the texts most frequently used for linguistic analysis.
* 3.1. VOCAL SPELLING: These features include non standard spellings of words which bring attention to sound qualities. ... Often, the misspelling involves repetition of a vowel (drawl) or a final consonant (released or held consonant, with final stress). ... Figure 1. Examples of Vocal Spelling: /biznis/ /weeeeell/ /breakkk/
* Conventional (“tame”) and nonconventional (“wild”) primary interjections (Rhodes, 1992, p. 222) differ.
* Interjections tend to be phonologically and morphologically anomalous. ... From the point of view of the main sound system of English, these are ‘nonwords’. ... Primary interjections are little words or ‘nonwords,’ which in terms of their distribution can constitute an independent nonelliptical utterance by themselves and do not normally enter into construction with other word classes .... Interjections share their anomalous phonological nature with onomatopoeic words. For this reason, descriptive grammars usually include onomatopoeic words and iconic depictives as a subclass of interjections.
* "Imitative interjections do not have conventionalized spellings. Peters (2007) discusses this orthographic flexibility and demonstrates that oh can be spelled in other more creative ways, and that it does not follow the grammatical rules of the English language."
* First, we demonstrate that the variant spellings of interjections can be modelled within a formal theory of writing systems: Neef's Recoding Model of Graphematics, published in 2005, that distinguishes between orthography, i.e., the study of the spelling of words, and graphematics, i.e., the study of the relation between written forms and phonological representations. While theoretical models of writing systems often specifically exclude interjections from the scope of their theory, Neef's model includes them and furthermore predicts variation in their spellings.
* unlike 'primary' interjections, which proceed from inarticulate cries of emotion to a permanently established lexical rank, 'secondary' interjections are subject to vagaries of
paralanguage | WIKI |
No. 104,644
Melanie A. Fisher, Appellant, v. Alex F. DeCarvalho, M.D., Appellee.
(314 P.3d 214)
Opinion filed December 13, 2013.
David R. Morantz, of Shamberg, Johnson & Bergman, Chtd., of Kansas City, Missouri, argued the cause, and Lynn R. Johnson, of the same firm, was with him on the briefs for appellant.
Trevin E. Wray, of Holbrook & Osborn, P.A., of Overland Park, argued the cause, and Janet M. Simpson, of the same firm, was with him on the brief for appellee.
The opinion of the court was delivered by
Johnson, J.:
Melanie A. Fisher attempted to commence a medical malpractice action against Alex F. DeCarvalho, M.D., by mailing the summons and petition via unrestricted certified mail, sent to the doctor s business address. The doctor actually received die petition and filed an answer diat asserted several affirmative defenses, including insufficiency of process, lack of personal jurisdiction, and a statute of limitations bar. After participating in the discovery process for a time, the doctor filed a motion to dismiss, alleging an absence of personal jurisdiction because Fisher’s attempted certified mailing did not comply with the requirements of K.S.A. 60-304(a) to effect a valid service of process. The district court dismissed the lawsuit with prejudice, finding that Fisher had failed to substantially comply with the statutoiy requirements for service of process by return receipt mail delivery, that the defendant’s actual notice of tire lawsuit did not confer personal jurisdiction on the district court absent a proper service of process, and that Fisher was not entitled to the additional time to effect service after the adjudication of invalidity, pursuant to K.S.A. 60-203(b), because her initial attempt at service did not appear to be valid, as required by Grimmett v. Burke, 21 Kan. App. 2d 638, Syl. ¶ 4, 906 P.2d 156 (1995), rev. denied 259 Kan. 927 (1996). The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s dismissal in Fisher v. DeCarvalho, 45 Kan. App. 2d 1133, 260 P.3d 1218 (2011), and we granted review.
We agree with the results reached below on the issues of substantial compliance and actual notice, but we find that Fisher should have been afforded the opportunity, within the time limits set forth in K.S.A. 60-203(b), to attempt to effect a valid service of process after the district court’s adjudication of invalidity. We reverse and remand with directions for the district court to afford the plaintiff that opportunity.
Factual and Procedural Overview
On October 1,2007, Dr. DeCarvalho performed an arthroscopic procedure on Fisher’s right knee. Unsatisfied with the result, Fisher filed a medical malpractice lawsuit against the doctor 2 years later, on October 1, 2009. Fisher elected to obtain service of process on the defendant by mail, rather than personal service, ostensibly to avoid disrupting the doctor’s medical practice. Accordingly, on November 30, 2009, after requesting and receiving a summons from tire district court clerk’s office, Fisher’s counsel mailed the summons and petition to the doctor’s medical office by unrestricted certified mail, i.e., the mail did not direct that delivery was to be made only to the addressee, Dr. DeCarvalho.
On December 14, 2009, Fisher filed a return of service with the district court that included a return receipt on the certified mail reflecting that an individual named Phyllis Bieker had signed for the envelope on December 2, 2009. The return of service did not indicate Bieker s relationship to the defendant or explain why she was authorized to accept service of process on his behalf.
Nevertheless, the defendant does not deny that he had actual notice of die lawsuit, and he filed an answer to the petition on January 4, 2010, after requesting and receiving a 10-day clerk’s extension. In his answer, the defendant asserted several affirmative defenses, including insufficiency of process, lack of personal jurisdiction, and a violation of the statute of limitations. On March 1, 2010, the defendant served Fisher with interrogatories and a request for production of documents. Two days later, the defendant responded to plaintiffs discovery requests.
The following month, on April 26, 2010, the defendant filed a motion to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, arguing that Fisher had failed to effect proper service of process prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations. Specifically, the defendant claimed that the initial attempt at service by certified, unrestricted mail at his place of business was invalid because it did not comply with the requirements for service by return receipt delivery to an individual set forth in K.S.A. 60-304(a).
In response, Fisher argued that the provisions of K.S.A. 60-204 validated the service of process because she had substantially complied with the requirements of K.S.A. 60-304(a). Additionally, she asserted that the defendant had actual knowledge of the lawsuit, as evidenced by his timely answer to the petition and his active participation in the discovery process, which established that the purpose of the service of process had been fulfilled. In the alternative, Fisher contended that even if the district court adjudicated her initial service of process to be invalid, she was entitled to an additional 90 (or 120) days after the invalidity adjudication to effect valid service, as provided in K.S.A. 60-203(b).
On May 26, 2010, the district court found in favor of the defendant and dismissed the lawsuit with-prejudice. En route to that disposition, the district court rejected Fisher s' assertion that she had substantially complied with the statutory requirements for mail service and, therefore, the court held that she was not entitled to the validation benefit of K.S.A. 60-204. Further, the district court opined that the defendant’s actual notice of the lawsuit was not enough to confer personal jurisdiction upon the court in the absence of a proper statutory service of process. Finally, the district court found that Fisher was not entitled to the additional time to effect service after the court’s invalidity adjudication, as specifically provided in K.S.A. 60-203(b), because the initial service of process in this case did not meet Grimmstt’s requirement of facial validity. See Grimmett, 21 Kan. App. 2d at 647-48.
On appeal to the Court of Appeals, Fisher focused on three arguments. First, she continued to argue that her service upon the defendant substantially complied with the statutoiy method for effecting service of process by return receipt delivery, so that the initial service was statutorily defined as valid under K.S.A. 60-204. Second, for the first time on appeal, Fisher argued that pursuant to K.S.A. 60-303(e), the defendant voluntarily acknowledged service by appearing in the action through his pleadings and discovery. For her third argument, Fisher asserted that even if the initial service was invalid, the plain language of K.S.A. 60-203(b) provided her an additional time-—at least 90 days after the court determination of invalidity—to cure the defect(s) through another, valid service of process.
The Court of Appeals affirmed the district court’s dismissal with prejudice. First, comparing Fisher’s attempted mail service against the specific requirements clearly set forth in K.S.A. 60-304(a), the panel opined that plaintiff s efforts fell well short of this court’s definition of “substantial compliance” in Myers v. Board of Jackson County Comm'rs, 280 Kan. 869, 874, 127 P.3d 319 (2006), so that the attempted service of process could not be deemed valid under K.S.A. .60-204. Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1147.
Second, the Court of Appeals exercised review over Fisher’s argument regarding a voluntary entry of appearance under K.S.A. 60-303(e), notwithstanding her raising that issue for the first time on appeal. But the panel relied on Haley v. Hershberger, 207 Kan. 459, 485 P.2d 1321 (1971), superseded by statute on other grounds as stated in Myers, 280 Kan. at 875, for the proposition that the filing of a motion for extension of time to answer a petition does not waive an insufficiency of service of process defense. Therefore, because the defendant’s other participation in the lawsuit occurred after the action was barred by the statute of limitations, those appearances did not cure the faulty service of process. Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1148-49.
Finally, the Court of Appeals rejected Fisher’s argument that she was entitled to an additional 90 days to effect valid service of process under K.S.A. 60-203(b). 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1152-53. Although the panel expressed concern over Grimrnett’s “judicially created” requirements for the application of K.S.A. 60-203(b), the panel nevertheless concluded that the statute’s plain language made it inapplicable in Fisher’s case. 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1153-55.
This court granted Fisher’s petition for review under K.S.A. 20-3018(b), obtaining jurisdiction under K.S.A. 60-2101(b).
Substantial Compliance with Mail Service of Process
Fisher acknowledges that her service of process may have been technically flawed in relation to the requirements of K.S.A. 60-304(a). But she claims that her compliance with the certified mail method of serving process was substantial enough to invoke the saving provision of K.S.A. 60-204, which states, in relevant part:.
“In any method of serving process, substantial compliance therewith shall effect valid service of process if the court finds that, notwithstanding some irregularity or omission, the party served was made aware that an action or proceeding was pending in a specified court in which his or her person, status or property were subject to being affected.”
Here, the defendant, being “the party served,” does not dispute that he “was made aware that an action or proceeding was pending in a specified court in which his... person, status or property were subject to being affected.” K.S.A. 60-204. Moreover, the parties do not contest the facts applicable to the manner in which Fisher served the process. Consequently, our task is to review whether the actions taken by Fisher constitute “substantial compliance” within the meaning of K.S.A. 60-204.
Standard of Review
Defining and applying the statutory concept of substantial compliance will necessárily involve statutory interpretation, over which we exercise de novo review. See Jeanes v. Bank of America, 296 Kan. 870, 873, 295 P.3d 1045 (2013).
Analysis
Although some of the applicable statutes have been amended since Fisher attempted to commence her lawsuit, the parties argue and we apply the statutes in effect at the time of the attempted service of process. Then, K.S.A. 60-303 described the methods of service of process that could be used within this state. One of the acceptable methods was “service by return receipt delivery,” which included “service effected by certified mail . . . evidenced by a written or electronic receipt showing to whom delivered, date of delivery, address where delivered, and person or entity effecting delivery.” K.S.A. 60-303(c).
In addition, K.S.A. 60-304, entitled “Service of process, on whom made,” provided further directions. With respect to individuals, other than minors or disabled persons, service could be made “by serving tire individual or by serving an agent authorized by appointment or by law to receive service of process.” K.S.A. 60-304(a). Moreover, K.S.A. 60-304(a) provided specific instructions for the use of service by return receipt delivery for an individual party, to-wit:
“Service by return receipt delivery shall be addressed to an individual at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode and to an authorized agent at the agent’s usual or designated address. If service by return receipt dehveiy to die individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode is refused or unclaimed, the sheriff, party or party’s attorney seeking service may complete service by certified mail, restricted delivery, by serving the individual at a business address after filing a return on sendee stating tire return receipt delivery to the individual at such individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode has been refused or unclaimed and a business address is known for such individual.”
K.S.A. 60-103 defines restricted mail as including the endorsement on its face to “deliver to addressee only.” In other words, a summons and petition addressed to Dr. DeCarvalho and sent certified mail, restricted delivery, would state on its face that it should be delivered only to Dr. DeCarvalho.
To reiterate and emphasize the point, if Fisher’s actions substantially complied with the foregoing statutory requirements for that method of service, then K.S.A. 60-204 declares that she effected “valid service of process.” No further inquiry would be necessary.
The service of process that Fisher attempts to validate in this appeal was sent to the defendant’s medical clinic by unrestricted certified mail. The Court of Appeals described the statutorily prescribed steps that should be followed to effect service by return receipt delivery at an individual’s business address:
“[A]n individual may only be served at a business address by certified mail if the following conditions have been satisfied: (1) the plaintiff first attempts to serve the individual by return receipt delivery at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode; (2) the plaintiff files a return on service indicating that delivery at the individual’s dwelling house or usual place of abode was refused or unclaimed; and (3) the certified mail is then sent to the business address via restricted delivery.” Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1140.
The panel then agreed with the district court’s assessment that Fisher had failed to satisfy any of those statutory prerequisites for business address service. She did not make an initial attempt to serve the defendant at his dwelling house or usual place of abode; she did not file a return on service indicating that delivery at the doctor’s dwelling house or usual place of abode was refused or unclaimed; and she did not make certified mail service to the doctor’s business address by restricted delivery, i.e., she did not restrict delivery to the addressee only. 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1140-41. In addition, the panel noted that Fisher had failed to ascertain whether the person who signed the return receipt—Phyllis Bieker—was authorized to accept service on behalf of the defendant. 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1141.
Noting that the term “substantial compliance” is not statutorily defined, the panel looked at the meaning this court had given the term in Myers, 280 Kan. at 874. Myers addressed substantial compliance in the context of assessing the validity of a tort claimant’s notice to a municipality under K.S.A. 12-105b. A review of prior cases led the Myers court to adopt the following description of substantial compliance: “ ‘ “ ‘compliance in respect to the essential matters necessary to assure eveiy reasonable objective of the statute.’ ” ’ ” 280 Kan. at 874 (quoting Orr v. Heiman, 270 Kan. 109, 113, 12 P.3d 387 [2000]). The panel in this case opined that “due to the similarity in the purpose of the two statutes, it is reasonable to conclude that the ‘substantial compliance’ language in K.S.A. 60-204 is to be defined in the same manner as in K.S.A. 2004 Supp. 12-105b(d).” Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1142. The panel noted that the analogy had been utilized by a prior Court of Appeals panel in Taylor ex rel. Gibbens v. Medicalodges, Inc., No. 102,539, 2010 WL 3324408 (Kan. App. 2010) (unpublished opinion), rev. denied 292 Kan. 969 (2011). 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1145.
Applying the Myers standard, the panel reiterated all of the ways in which Fisher had failed to follow the statutory directive for mail service at a business address, but it principally relied on the fact that “service was not actually made upon DeCarvalho or his authorized agent,” which the panel declared to be “the most important objective of any method of service of process.” 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1142-43. Accordingly, the panel concluded that, by failing to assure that service was actually made on the defendant or his authorized agent, Fisher failed to substantially comply with the method of service set forth in K.S.A. 60-304(a). Consequently, without substantial compliance, the attempted service of process could not be deemed valid under K.S.A. 60-204. Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1147.
We agree with the Court of Appeals’ approach of viewing K.S.A. 60-204’s validation provision through tire lens of the Myers definition of substantial compliance, ‘ “ ‘compliance in respect to tire essential matters necessary to assure every reasonable objective of the statute.’ ” ’ ” 280 Kan. at 874. In doing so, we are not unmindful that some prior cases from this court have held that service of process upon a secretary or office manager at a place of business was not sufficient compliance to invoke the validation provision of K.S.A. 60-204. See Haley, 207 Kan. at 463, Thompson-Kilgariff General Insurance Agency, Inc. v. Haskell, 206 Kan. 465, 467-68, 479 P.2d 900 (1971), and Briscoe v. Getto, 204 Kan. 254, 257, 462 P.2d 127 (1969). The underlying rationale in those cases was that K.S.A. 60-204 was not intended to create new methods of serving process. See, e.g., Briscoe, 204 Kan. at 257 (new method of service cannot be originated by K.S.A. 60-204).
But unlike the statutory scheme applicable to Briscoe and its progeny, the version of K.S.A. 60-304(a) applicable here specifically permitted Fisher to malee service by return receipt delivery to the defendant’s business address, so long as she fulfilled certain conditions. Consequently, no new method of service is being originated here. Rather, the conditions Fisher failed to meet on an existing method of service are being reviewed to determine whether they were necessary to assure the reasonable objectives of that statutory method of service, i.e., whether Fisher failed to substantially comply with the existing method of service.
In applying the Myers’ test for substantial compliance, the panel opined that the most important objective of any service of process method is to actually serve the defendant or the defendant’s authorized agent. Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1147. We might quibble with that statement’s overbreadth. We read the statutory language as suggesting that the legislature believed that the paramount objective of any method of service of process is that “the party served was made aware that an action or proceeding was pending in a specified court in which his or her person, status or property were subject to being affected.” K.S.A. 60-204. In some circumstances, e.g., notice by newspaper publication, actual service upon the defendant or authorized agent may not be an essential matter necessary to accomplish the reasonable objective of proper notification. Nevertheless, we do agree with the panel that the legislature intended that, where service is made on an individual by return receipt delivery to a business address, actual service on the defendant or his or her authorized agent is an essential matter that is necessary to assure the objective that the individual receive appropriate notice. The special requirement that the certified mail be sent by restricted delivery to a business address can mean nothing else.
In sum, we agree with the panel and the district court on the question of whether Fisher substantially complied with the method of service by return receipt delivery to an individual at a business address. Fisher simply failed to meet tiróse essential conditions that were necessary to assure that the defendant would be made aware that an action or proceeding was pending in a specified court in which his property was subject to being affected. The defendant’s fortuitous acquisition of that awareness does not affect our calculus. K.S.A. 60-204’s validation must emanate from the serving party’s actions. Here, Fisher’s actions were inadequate to be substantially compliant with K.S.A. 60-304(a) and, in turn, the service of process was not valid under K.S.A. 60-204.
Voluntary Appearance
One of Fisher’s complaints is that Dr. DeCarvalho engaged in procedural gamesmanship by appearing to fully participate in the lawsuit until such time as his challenge to the defective service of process would result in a dismissal with prejudice because of the statute of limitations. As noted, on appeal, Fisher attempts to use K.S.A. 60-303(e) to keep the doctor in the game to answer on the merits. That subsection of the statute dealing with the methods of service of process states: “An acknowledgment of service on the summons is equivalent to service. The voluntary appearance by a defendant is equivalent to service on the date of appearance.” K.S.A. 60-303(e). Fisher contends that the doctor voluntarily appeared when he obtained an extension of time to answer, filed an answer to the petition, and then actively participated in the discovery process. Despite the seductive logic of that argument, it is not supported by our caselaw.
Standard of Review
An interpretation and application of K.S.A. 60-303(e) presents us with a question of law over which we have unlimited review. See Jeanes, 296 Kan. at 873.
Analysis
We first briefly address the preservation of this issue. The Court of Appeals acknowledged that this issue was being raised for the first time on appeal, which would normally preclude its consideration. But citing to In re Care & Treatment of Miller, 289 Kan. 218, 224-25, 210 P.3d 625 (2009), the panel invoked the exception to tire general rule for a newly asserted theory that involves only a question of law arising on proved or admitted facts and that is finally determinative of the case. Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1148. The defendant did not seek review of that holding. Accordingly, we will likewise consider the argument.
Before discussing K.S.A. 60-303(e), we pause to review the relationship between service of process and the applicable statute of limitations on Fisher’s medical malpractice action. Under K.S.A. 60-513(a)(7), the statute of limitations was 2 years, making her petition timely filed on the 2-year anniversary of her alleged injury. But a lawsuit is not properly commenced until service of process is obtained and, except for an extension for good cause shown, that service must occur within 90 days of the filing of the petition for the commencement date to be deemed the filing date of the petition; otherwise, the action is deemed commenced when service of process is completed. K.S.A. 60-203(a). In this case, Fisher had to complete service of process by December 30, 2009, in order for her lawsuit to be deemed to be commenced on October 1, 2009, i.e., to avoid being barred by the 2-year statute of limitations.
The defendant obtained a 10-day extension of time to file a responsive pleading on December 23, 2009; he filed an answer to the petition on January 4, 2010; and he thereafter participated in discovery until filing his motion to dismiss on April 26, 2010. If the doctor’s extension request was a “voluntary appearance by a defendant” within the meaning of K.S.A. 60-303(e), then that appearance was the equivalent of service being effected on or before December 23, 2009, which would be prior to the December 30, 2009, service of process deadline to relate back the commencement of the action to the filing date. In other words, the defendant’s statute of limitations challenge would fail. If Fisher must rely on the defendant’s January 4, 2010, answer or other subsequent actions in tire proceeding to establish the date of the defendant’s voluntary appearance, and correspondingly to establish the date of service under K.S.A. 60-303(e), then the commencement of the action would not relate back to the filing date and Fisher’s lawsuit would not comply with the statute of limitations.
The Court of Appeals relied on the 40-year-old decision in Haley to find that the defendant’s extension request was not a voluntary appearance within the meaning of K.S.A. 60-303(e). Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1149. Haley held that “[a] motion for extension of time to answer, . . . may not be regarded as a waiver of lack of jurisdiction of the person of defendant because of insufficiency of process, or insufficiency of service of process.” 207 Kan. 459, Syl. ¶ 4. Haley opined that K.S.A. 60-212 abolished the “old distinction between general and special appearances” and now provides that a defendant only waives the defense of lack of personal jurisdiction by failing to assert the defense in a 60-212 motion or in the answer. 207 Kan. at 465. In other words, a defendant retains the right to challenge personal jurisdiction up to the time that the defendant files his or her answer to the petition.
Fisher argues that Haley was decided prior to the enactment of K.S.A. 60-303(e) and we should employ tire presumption that a legislative revision of existing law presupposes that the legislature intended to change tire law as it existed prior to the amendment. See Ft. Hays St. Univ. v. University Ch., Am. Ass’n of Univ. Profs, 290 Kan. 446, 464, 228 P.3d 403 (2010). That argument evaporates when one discovers that K.S.A. 60-303(e) merely effected a relocation of the provision that was previously part of K.S.A. 60-304(h). See L. 1990, ch. 202, secs. 4 and 5. When Haley was decided, K.S.A. 60-304(h) provided: “An acknowledgment of service on the summons, or the voluntary general appearance of a defendant, is equivalent to service.” See L. 1970, ch. 235, sec 1. In other words, the Haley court reached its decision in spite of a savings provision that equated a party’s voluntary general appearance with service of process. Thus, we decline to declare that the legislature intended to change the law or to overrule Haley by enacting K.S.A. 60-303(é).
We do acknowledge that Haley’s abolition of the distinction between a special appearance and a general appearance is rendered somewhat illusory by its holding that a defendant does not waive a personal jurisdiction challenge until after the answer is filed. If a defendant files an answer to a petition without having been served a summons, one who employs common meanings for common words would have to view that action as a “voluntary appearance” by a party. Yet, if filing an answer is truly a voluntary appearance (and there are no longer any special appearances), K.S.A. 60-303(e) would equate that action with a service of process, thus curing the defense of insufficiency of service of process that Haley says is not waived until after the answer is filed. In other words, the act of raising the defense negates the defense, even though the defendant has not waived the defense. But we have' a canon of construction that directs us to construe statutes to avoid unreasonable or absurd results, based upon a presumption that the legislature does not intend to enact meaningless legislation. See Northern Natural Gas Co. v. ONEOK Field Services Co., 296 Kan. 906, 918, 296 P.3d 1106 (2013). Moreover, the Haley holding has been good law for decades. See Pieren-Abbott v. Kansas Dept. of Revenue, 279 Kan. 83, 100, 106 P.3d 492 (2005) (citing to Haley). Accordingly, we overlook any logical disconnect and follow the precedent that requesting an extension of time to file an answer is not a waiver of defendant’s challenge to personal jurisdiction based upon an insufficiency of the service of process, notwithstanding the provisions of K.S.A. 60-303(e).
Additional Time to Effect Service Pursuant to K.S.A. 60-203(b)
Finally, Fisher argues that, even if die district court correcdy invalidated her initial service of process, the plain language of K.S.A. 60-203(b) allowed her an additional 90 days after the invalidity adjudication in which to obtain valid service of process. We agree.
Standard of Review
Once again, this issue involves statutory interpretation, which is subject to unlimited review by this court. See Jeanes, 296 Kan. at 873.
Analysis
The provisions of K.S.A. 60-203(b) applicable here state:
“If service of process or first publication purports to have been made but is later adjudicated to have been invalid due to any irregularity in form or procedure or any defect in making service, the action shall nevertheless be deemed to have been commenced at the applicable time under subsection (a) if valid service is obtained or first publication is made within 90 days after that adjudication, except that the court may extend that time an additional 30 days upon a showing of good cause by the plaintiff.”
The provision was originally proposed by the Kansas Judicial Council in response to the holdings in such cases as Haley and Bray v. Bayles, 228 Kan. 481, 484-85, 618 P.2d 807 (1980), both of which found defective service of process where the petition and summons were served upon business secretaries or receptionists. See Februaiy 9, 1983, Minutes of the House Committee on Judiciary. This court would subsequently observe that the 1983 version of K.S.A. 60-203(b) was enacted for the express purpose of correcting the injustice that existed in cases where the service was defective, die defendant knew of the action through the faulty process but did not make any substantive objection to the defective service until after the time for service had passed, and the statute of limitations had run. See Hughes v. Martin, 240 Kan. 370, 374, 729 P.2d 1200 (1986).
A decade later, a panel of the Court of Appeals opined in Grimmett v. Burke, 21 Kan. App. 2d 638, 906 P.2d 156 (1995), rev. denied 259 Kan. 927 (1996), that the intended curative effects of K.S.A. 60-203(b) should be narrower than the plain language would indicate. The panel believed that the statute could be construed in two ways:
“[Ojne is extremely liberal and the other appears to be a commonsense approach. A veiy liberal construction gives the plaintiff a second chance at service. It would establish that a plaintiff always gets a second chance under 60-203(b) when his or her original service has been determined invalid. This would be true no matter how inept or how lacking in good faith the original service may have been. In the extreme, a liberal approach of this nature would simply ignore the first service and extend the process far beyond applicable time frames. This approach would allow a party to simply leave a summons for John Doe at a bar, at a church, at Arrowhead Stadium, at the courthouse, or any other place and still insist that by doing so the party had purported’ to serve a defendant. Such a liberal construction is ludicrous; we do not believe it was intended and will not adopt that approach. The purpose of K.S.A. 60-203(b) is to give a second chance at service to a party whose original service was declared invalid despite the fact drat it gave the defendant notice of suit.” 21 Kan. App. 2d at 647.
In order to avoid the results it perceived were ludicrous, the panel declared that before K.S.A. 60-203(b) can apply, the plaintiff must show that the defendant was given actual notice of having been sued. Then, the panel divined a list of factors that it said should exist, namely:
“(1) The original service must have ‘appeared’ to be valid and the returns by the sheriffs office or other process servers must indicate that the service was valid. (2) The record should show diat the plaintiff believed in good faith that his or her service was valid and relied on that validity to his or her detriment. (3) The plaintiff had no reason to believe the defendant was contesting service until after the statute of limitations had run, but had no opportunity to take steps to correct the defective service.” Grimmett, 21 Kan. App. 2d at 647-48.
The Grimmett panel then declared: “[B]y limiting the phrase purports to have been made’ to those situations alluded to above, we correct the problem 60-203(b) was passed to correct.” (Emphasis added.) Grimmett, 21 Kan. App. 2d at 648. That assessment would prove to be woefully inaccurate. As the panel in this case observed, it was “unable to find a single published decision where the provisions of K.S.A. 60-203(b) were applied successfully to save a case from dismissal,” after Grimmett judicially created its requirements. Fisher v. DeCarvalho, 45 Kan. App. 2d 1133, 1153, 260 P.3d 1218 (2011). That observation included the Grimmett case itself, where the panel found that the plaintiff could not pass its newly minted test for curing defective service. Grimmett, 21 Kan. App. 2d at 649. Instead of correcting the problem K.S.A. 60-203(b) was passed to correct, Grimmett exacerbated the problem.
Inexplicably, then, the Supreme Court adopted the Grimmett holdings without question. Pieren-Abbott, 279 Kan. 83, Syl. ¶ 8. That absence of critical analysis is curious, at best, given that Grimmett appeared to sidestep our canons of statutory construction.
The most fundamental rule of statutory construction is that the intent of the legislature governs if that intent can be ascertained. Bergstrom v. Spears Manufacturing Co., 289 Kan. 605, 607, 214 P.3d 676 (2009). An appellate court must first attempt to ascertain legislative intent through the statutory language enacted, giving common words their ordinary meanings. Northern Natural Gas Co., 296 Kan. at 918. When a statute is plain and unambiguous, an appellate court does not speculate as to the legislative intent behind it and will not read something into the statute that is not readily found in it. In re Tax Appeal of Burch, 296 Kan. 713, 722, 294 P.3d 1155 (2013). Perhaps most importantly, “ ‘the court cannot delete vital provisions or supply vital omissions in a statute.’ ” Kenyon v. Kansas Power & Light Co., 254 Kan. 287, 292-93, 864 P.2d 1161 (1993) (quoting Harris v. Shanahan, 192 Kan. 183, 196, 387 P.2d 771 [1963]). In other words, no matter how ludicrous an appellate court may find a legislative enactment to be, the court is not free to completely rewrite the statute to make the law conform to what the court believes it should be.
To reiterate, the statute provides a plaintiff with an additional time to obtain service of process on a defendant under the following circumstances: “If service of process or first publication purports to have been made but is later adjudicated to have been invalid due to any irregularity in form or procedure or any defect in making service.” K.S.A. 60-203(b). Grimmett’s condition precedent that the plaintiff must show that the defendant was given actual notice of having been sued does not appear anywhere in K.S.A. 60-203(b). Likewise, the statute does not require an appearance of validity; it does not require the plaintiff to possess a good-faith belief that the service was valid; and it does not purport to apply only where the plaintiff had no reason to believe the defendant was contesting service until after the statute of limitations had run and had no opportunity to correct the defective service. In short, the plain language of the statute does not support Grim-mett’s holdings.
Apparently, the Grimmett panel believed that it was invoking tire general rule that courts should construe statutes to avoid unreasonable results and should presume that the legislature does not intend to enact useless or meaningless (or ludicrous) legislation. See Southwestern Bell Tel. Co. v. Beachner Constr. Co., 289 Kan. 1262, 1269, 221 P.3d 588 (2009). But, as Judge Atcheson pointed out in his separate opinion in Kuhn v. Schmidt, 47 Kan. App. 2d 241, 255, 277 P.3d 1141 (2012) (Atcheson, J., concurring), the Grimmett panel’s perceived “the sky will fall” absurdity was illusory. Should a plaintiff attempt to serve John Doe process by leaving papers at a bar, at a church, at Arrowhead Stadium, at a courthouse, or at any other place where the defendant is unlikely to receive it, then the defendant would not know about the lawsuit, the defendant would not challenge the sufficiency of the service, and die district court would not adjudicate the service to be invalid so as to trigger the applicability of K.S.A. 60-203(b). Kuhn, 47 Kan. App. 2d at 255. Similarly, the plaintiff would be unable to take default judgment against the defendant because the plaintiff would be unable to establish that service had been legally effected. 47 Kan. App. 2d at 255. In sum, as Judge Atcheson aptly noted: “On closer examination, the horrible doesn’t seem all that horrible— certainly not fearsome enough to warrant jiggering K.S.A. 60-203(b).” 47 Kan. App. 2d at 255.
Rather than saving K.S.A. 60-203(b) from absurdity, the Grim-mett factors actually tend to render that savings provision meaningless. If a plaintiff can jump through the Grimmett hoops, especially the requirement that the original service and return appear to be facially valid, then the plaintiff has most likely met the substantial compliance test of K.S.A. 60-204. In that event, the service is statutorily deemed to be valid, negating the requisite condition in K.S.A. 60-203(b) that the service be adjudicated invalid. In other words, if a plaintiff can meet the Grimmett factors to apply K.S.A. 60-203(b), the plaintiff probably does not need to use it.
Furthermore, as Judge Atcheson noted, K.S.A. 60-203(b) was enacted to change the result reached in such cases as Briscoe and Bray. Kuhn, 47 Kan. App. 2d at 251-52. But in those cases, the returns did not indicate valid service on their face, so that construing the statute to require such facial validity would not have changed the result in those cases and, consequently, that construction does not accomplish what the legislature obviously wanted to do. Throwing up additional roadblocks to the accomplishment of legislative intent runs afoul of our duty to give effect to the will of the legislature. See Kansas-Bostwick Irrigation District v. Mizer, 176 Kan. 354, 365, 270 P.2d 261 (1954). In fact, the legislature has specifically told us that “[t]he provisions of [the code of civil procedure] shall be liberally construed and administered to secure the just, speedy and inexpensive determination of every action or proceeding.” K.S.A. 60-102. Moreover, the law prefers that cases be decided on their merits rather than on technical compliance with procedural rules. See Bazine State Bank v. Pawnee Prod. Serv., Inc., 245 Kan. 490, 495, 781 P.2d 1077 (1989) (In determining whether to set aside a default judgment, a court should resolve any doubt in favor of the motion so that the cases may be decided on their merits.). In that same context, courts are also encouraged to remember that litigants should not be unnecessarily penalized for the simple neglect of their attorney. Jenkins v. Arnold, 223 Kan. 298, 299, 573 P.2d 1013 (1978).
The panel in this case recognized that “Kansas cases applying the Grimmett factors have adopted an unnecessarily restrictive view of K.S.A. 60-203(b) that is not supported by the plain language of the statute.” Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1153. We agree and hereby disapprove of the Grimmett factors and the accompanying restrictive view of K.S.A. 60-203(b). The statute means what it says.
We begin our analysis of the plain language of K.S.A. 60-203(b) with the phrase “purports to have been made” and then factor in the phrases “any irregularity in form or procedure” and “any defect in making service.” As the Court of Appeals correctly observed, “[t]he provisions of K.S.A. 60-203(b) are triggered only when the original service of process ‘purports to have been made’ but is later declared invalid.” 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1153. The Court of Appeals then dutifully looked at tire Hughes court’s definition of the verb “purport,” which was “ ‘to have die appearance of being.’ ” Hughes, 240 Kan. at 375. But then the panel applied the Hughes definition as if it meant “to have the appearance of being valid.” That led the panel to return to the Grimmett rationale, which we reject herein, that a service of process cannot purport to have been made unless it appears to be facially valid.
Our disconnect with the panel’s reasoning appears to derive from the meaning it places on tire word “being” in the Hughes definition of purport. As we view it, a service of process can have the appearance of being, i.e., can appear to exist, even though it was not created in accordance with the statutory directive, i.e., does not appear to be valid. Perhaps it would have been better if Hughes had included all of die dictionary definition of “purport,” which includes tire following language: “To profess or claim, esp. falsely; to seem to be <the document purports to be a will, but it is neither signed nor dated>.” Black’s Law Dictionary 1356 (9th ed. 2009). That definitional example directly contradicts the panel’s suggestion that a document cannot “purport” to be something where a facial defect would refute its validity.
Armed with a definition that more clearly captures the common meaning of “purport,” we have no hesitation in finding that “service of process . . . purports to have been made” in this case. A petition and summons were sent by return receipt delivery to the defendant at his business address, and a return receipt was signed and mailed back to the plaintiff. Service of process had the appearance of being, i.e., of existing. Then, Fisher filed a return of service and proceeded to prosecute the case, including serving interrogatories upon the defendant. Obviously, the plaintiff was professing or claiming to have effected service of process upon the defendant so as to allow the matter to proceed on its merits. In short, the Court of Appeals erred in holding that service of process was not purported to have been made in this case.
Moving on to the remaining statutory language, we note that the panel opined that the legislature did not set the standard so low that K.S.A. 60-203(b) could “be applied to save a cause of action any time service of process is found to be defective for any reason.” Fisher, 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1154. The panel then speaks to service that has been “adjudicated to have been invalid due to any irregularity in form or procedure.” 45 Kan. App. 2d at 1154. But that ignores the plain and unambiguous statutoiy language that permits a cure for “any defect in making service.” Our function is not to decide how low the bar should be set, but rather we simply construe what tire legislature has said about setting the bar. In Hughes, this court performed that construction:
“K.S.A. 60-203(b) is also declared to be applicable to any situation where the original service was invalid due to ‘any irregularity’ in form or procedure or ‘any defect’ in making service. The use of the word any makes crystal clear the legislative intent that the statute is to be liberally applied in cases involving any irregularity or any defect in the service of process.” 240 Kan. at 375-76.
We, too, find the language of K.S.A. 60-203(b) to be crystal clear. That language does, indeed, provide that its provisions can be applied to save a cause of action any time service of processes purported to have been made and is thereafter found to be defective for any reason. Any suggestion to the contrary is hereby disapproved.
Consequently, we find that the district court erred in dismissing this case with prejudice without permitting the plaintiff the additional time set forth in K.S.A. 60-203(b) in which to obtain valid service of process. We remand with directions to allow the plaintiff an opportunity to utilize the savings provisions of K.S.A. 60-203(b).
Reversed and remanded. | CASELAW |
Chlorophytum comosum
Chlorophytum comosum, usually called spider plant or common spider plant due to its spider-like look, also known as spider ivy, airplane plant, ribbon plant (a name it shares with Dracaena sanderiana), and hen and chickens, is a species of evergreen perennial flowering plant of the family Asparagaceae. It is native to tropical and Southern Africa but has become naturalized in other parts of the world, including Western Australia and Bangladesh. Chlorophytum comosum is easy to grow as a houseplant because of its resilience, but it can be sensitive to the fluoride in tap water, which commonly gives it "burnt tips". Variegated forms are the most popular.
Description
Chlorophytum comosum grows to about 60 cm tall, although as a hanging plant it can descend many feet. It has fleshy, tuberous roots, each about 5 - 10 cm long. The long narrow leaves reach a length of 20 - 45 cm and are around 6 - 25 mm wide.
Flowers are produced in a long, branched inflorescence, which can reach a length of up to 75 cm and eventually bends downward to meet the earth. Flowers initially occur in clusters of 1–6 at intervals along the stem (scape) of the inflorescence. Each cluster is at the base of a bract, which ranges from 2 - 8 cm in length, becoming smaller toward the end of the inflorescence. Most of the flowers that are produced initially die off, so that relatively, the inflorescences are sparsely flowered.
Individual flowers are greenish-white, borne on stalks (pedicels) some 4 - 8 mm long. Each flower has six triply veined tepals that are 6 - 9 mm long and slightly hooded or boat-shaped at their tips. The stamens consist of a pollen-producing anther about 3.5 mm long with a filament of similar length or slightly longer. The central style is 3 - 8 mm long. Seeds are produced in a capsule, 3 - 8 mm long, on stalks (pedicels) that lengthen to up to 12 mm.
The inflorescences carry not only flowers but also vegetative plantlets at the tips of their branches, which eventually droop and touch the soil, developing adventitious roots. The stems (scapes) of the inflorescence are called "stolons" in some sources, but this term is more correctly used for stems that do not bear flowers and have roots at the nodes.
Taxonomy
The first formal description of Chlorophytum comosum was by the Swedish naturalist Carl Peter Thunberg as Anthericum comosum in the 1794 volume of Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, Thunberg's work on the plants of South Africa. The species was subsequently moved to a number of different genera, including Phalangium, Caesia, Hartwegia Nees, and Hollia, before receiving its current placement in Chlorophytum by Jacques in 1862.
The species has been confused with Chlorophytum capense (L.) Voss by some authors, but this is a different species.
Intra-specific variation
There are three described varieties of the species: the autonym C. comosum var. comosum has strap-shaped narrow leaves and is found along forest margins; C. comosum var. bipindense has broader, petiolate leaves with stripes on the underside and the inflorescences are 2–3 times the length of the leaves; and C. comosum var. sparsiflorum also has broader leaves that narrow to the base, and usually lacks a petiole and the striping on the underside of the leaf and the inflorescences are up to two times the length of the leaves. The latter two are rainforest-dwelling taxa that had been described earlier as separate species, but botanists Axel Dalberg Poulsen and Inger Nordal reduced the taxa to varieties of C. comosum in 2005.
Delimitation of species boundaries within the genus Chlorophytum is reported to be difficult, possibly because of several evolutionary radiations into forest environments that led to morphological aspects that are too similar to reliably distinguish separate species. The evidence given to support this is the widespread distribution of most taxa in the genus and poor seed dispersal, leading to the conclusion of deeper evolutionary divergence among the taxa.
The three described varieties in C. comosum could be an example of this convergent evolution of leaf shape among the forest-dwelling varieties from species of disparate origin, leading to the species C. comosum being polyphyletic, instead of the traditional view of morphological divergence among the varieties within the species with the assumption of a common origin (monophyly). The widespread C. comosum var. comosum has slender, near linear leaves that lack a petiole similar to plants found in cultivation and is only found growing at the margins of the rainforest. The two other varieties, C. comosum var. sparsiflorum and C. comosum var. bipindense, possess petioles and have broader leaves necessary for collecting more light in the shady Guineo-Congolean rainforest. A study published in 2005 used 16 morphological characters and was unable to delimit species boundaries among these three taxa, so they were relegated to varietal status. A follow-up study published in 2008 provided preliminary evidence from phylogenetic analysis of plastid and nuclear DNA sequences that established samples from disparate collections sites identified as C. comosum were polyphyletic.
Distribution
Chlorophytum comosum has a widespread native distribution in Africa, being native to six of the ten World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions regions of Africa (West Tropical Africa, West-Central Tropical Africa, Northeast Tropical Africa, East Tropical Africa, South Tropical Africa, and Southern Africa).
Cultivation
Chlorophytum comosum is a popular houseplant. The species with all-green leaves forms only a small proportion of plants sold. More common are two variegated cultivars:
Both cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017).
* C. comosum 'Vittatum' has mid-green leaves with a broad central white stripe. It is often sold in hanging baskets to display the plantlets. The long stems are white. There is also a "curly" version with this type of striping and compact size.
* C. comosum 'Variegatum' has darker green leaves with white margins. It is generally smaller than the previous cultivar. The long stems are green.
Propagation
Propagating Chlorophytum comosum commonly occurs through potting the plantlets, informally referred to as 'spiderettes', or 'pups', directly into potting soil attached to the main plant or cutting the running stems and then potting them.
Spider plants are easy to grow, being able to thrive in a wide range of conditions. They will tolerate temperatures down to 35 °F, but grow best at temperatures between 65 °F and 90 °F. Plants can be damaged by high fluoride or boron levels.
Spider plants are non-toxic to humans and pets, and are considered edible.
Air purification
The NASA Clean Air Study suggested that air plants were effective at removing common household air toxins formaldehyde and xylene; however, these results are not applicable to typical buildings, where outdoor-to-indoor air exchange already removes volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a rate that could only be matched by the placement of 10–1000 plants/m$2$ of a building's floor space.
The results also failed to replicate in future studies, with a 2014 review stating that:
"While the plant's ability to take up VOCs is well documented in laboratory studies, the effect of plants on indoor air in complex environments like offices requires further investigations to clarify the full capacity of plants in real-life settings."
In the laboratory settings uses in the Clean Air Study, spider plants were shown to reduce formaldehyde pollution, and approximately 70 plants would neutralize the formaldehyde released by materials in a representative (c. 167 m2) energy-efficient house, assuming each plant occupies a 3.8 L pot. | WIKI |
User:Earl Hammond
My name's Earl. No, I haven't seen the television program before. My primary interests are medicine, firearms, airplanes, pharmacology, military strategy, conflict watching, geopolitics and world history. I strive to be objective and I'm addicted to reading and learning. I respect other people's opinions even when I don't agree with them. I believe it's important to listen and understand people's motivations, biases and ideas. | WIKI |
Sinus Infections by Nathan Kiskila, MD
Board Certification: Family Practice
A sinus infection is the swelling of the interlining of your sinuses most likely caused by a virus like a common cold. When you get a cold, mucus in your sinuses becomes thick and sticky and is more difficult to drain. Bacteria can grow in the mucus and lead to an infection. Sinus infections are most commonly caused from allergies, deviated septum or change in pressure (flying). Symptoms include pressure or pain in your face or forehead, congestion, cough (often worse at night), sore throat, headache, and fever. Usually sinus infections resolve on their own and we treat the symptoms. Netty pots or nasal saline rinses help loosen the mucus so it drains better. Drinking lots of water and taking mucinex helps thin the mucus. Over the counter decongestions and pain medicines may alleviate the congestion. Avoid allergy medicines which may cause mucus to become thicker. If your sinus symptoms last more than 7 days or are getting worse you may need an antibiotic or a prescription for a nasal steroid. Go see your doctor if you have a fever above 101, if you have a bad headache, vision changes or swelling around your eyes.
The information provided is for general interest only and should not be misconstrued as a diagnosis, prognosis or treatment recommendation. This information does not in any way constitute the practice of medicine, or any other health care profession. Readers are directed to consult their health care provider regarding their specific health situation. Marque Medical is not liable for any action taken by a reader based upon this information.
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
// Copyright (C) 2010 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC") // // Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any // purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above // copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. // // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH // REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY // AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, // INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM // LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE // OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR // PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. #ifndef __ZONE_ENTRY_H #define __ZONE_ENTRY_H #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "locks.h" #include "hash_key.h" #include "nsas_entry.h" #include "asiolink.h" #include "fetchable.h" #include "nsas_types.h" #include "random_number_generator.h" namespace isc { namespace nsas { class NameserverEntry; class AddressRequestCallback; /// \brief Zone Entry /// /// The zone entry object describes a zone for which nameserver address /// information is held. /// /// Although the interface is simple, the internal processing is fairly /// complicated, in that the class takes account of triggering fetches for /// addresses of nameservers when the address records expire. /// /// It uses shared_from_this in its methods. It must live inside a shared_ptr. class ZoneEntry : public NsasEntry, public Fetchable { public: /** * \brief Constructor. * * It asks the resolver any needed questions to get the nameservers. * * \param resolver The resolver used to ask for IP addresses * \param name Name of the zone * \param class_code Class of this zone (zones of different classes have * different objects. * \param nameserver_table Hashtable of NameServerEntry objects for * this zone * \param namesever_lru LRU for the nameserver entries * \todo Move to cc file, include the lookup (if NSAS uses resolver for * everything) */ ZoneEntry( boost::shared_ptr resolver, const std::string& name, const isc::dns::RRClass& class_code, boost::shared_ptr > nameserver_table, boost::shared_ptr > nameserver_lru); /// \return Name of the zone std::string getName() const { return name_; } /// \return Class of zone const isc::dns::RRClass& getClass() const { return class_code_; } /// \return Return Hash Key virtual HashKey hashKey() const { return HashKey(name_, class_code_); } /** * \short Put another callback inside. * * This callback is either executed right away, if it is possible, * or queued for later. * * \param callback The callback itself. * \param family Which address family is acceptable as an answer? */ void addCallback(boost::shared_ptr callback, AddressFamily family); /// \short Protected members, so they can be accessed by tests. //@{ protected: // TODO Read-Write lock? typedef boost::shared_ptr NameserverPtr; typedef std::vector NameserverVector; NameserverVector nameservers_; ///< Nameservers // Which nameservers didn't have any of our callbacks yet std::set nameservers_not_asked_; /* * Callbacks. For each fimily type one vector, so we can process * them separately. */ std::vector > callbacks_[ADDR_REQ_MAX]; time_t expiry_; ///< Expiry time of this entry, 0 means not set //}@ private: mutable isc::locks::recursive_mutex mutex_;///< Mutex protecting this zone entry std::string name_; ///< Canonical zone name isc::dns::RRClass class_code_; ///< Class code /** * \short Process all the callbacks that can be processed * * The purpose of this funtion is to ask all nameservers for their IP * addresses and execute all callbacks that can be executed. It is * called whenever new callback appears and there's a chance it could * be answered or when new information is available (list of nameservers, * nameserver is unreachable or has an address). * \param family Which is the interesting address family where the change * happened. ADDR_REQ_MAX means it could be any of them and it will * trigger processing of all callbacks no matter what their family * was. * \param nameserver Pass a nameserver if the change was triggered by * the nameserver (if it wasn't triggered by a nameserver, pass empty * pointer). This one will be accepted even with 0 TTL, the information * just arrived and we are allowed to use it just now. * \todo With the recursive locks now, we might want to simplify executing * callbacks (here and other functions as well); */ void process(AddressFamily family, const boost::shared_ptr& nameserver); // Resolver we use boost::shared_ptr resolver_; // We store the nameserver table and lru, so we can look up when there's // update boost::shared_ptr > nameserver_table_; boost::shared_ptr > nameserver_lru_; // Resolver callback class, documentation with the class declaration class ResolverCallback; // It has direct access to us friend class ResolverCallback; // Guard class to eliminate missing finally class ProcessGuard; friend class ProcessGuard; // Are we in the process method? bool in_process_[ADDR_REQ_MAX]; // Callback from nameserver entry (documented with the class) class NameserverCallback; // And it can get into our internals as well (call process) friend class NameserverCallback; // This dispatches callbacks of given family with failures void dispatchFailures(AddressFamily family); // Put a callback into the nameserver entry. Same ADDR_REQ_MAX means for // all families void insertCallback(NameserverPtr nameserver, AddressFamily family); // A random generator for this zone entry // TODO: A more global one? Per thread one? WeightedRandomIntegerGenerator address_selector; }; } // namespace nsas } // namespace isc #endif // __ZONE_ENTRY_H | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Wanderer (1814 Volume 3).pdf/138
then, all of one accord, they so pommel and bemaul me, that you would pity me, I give you my word, if you could see the condition into which they put my poor conscience; however little so fair a young creature may be disposed to feel pity, for such a hobbling, gouty old fellow as I am!"
Softened by this benevolent solicitude, Juliet, thankfully, spoke of herself with all the cheerfulness that she could assume; and, encouraged by her lessened reserve, Sir Jaspar, to her unspeakable surprise, said, "There is one point, I own, which I have an extreme desire to know, how long may it be that you have left the stage, and from what latent cause?"
No explanation, however, could be attempted: the attention of Juliet was called into another channel, by the sound of a titter, which led her to perceive Flora Pierson; who, almost convulsed with delight at having surprised them, said that she had heard, from the | WIKI |
Talk:Dairy in India/Archive 1
Pic?
A high-quality pic would be great for the lede, but I've had trouble finding one. The one here is really good, but there's very little information about it. The Flickr page says it's in Tamil Nadu, but that's not super helpful … Any thoughts? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:50, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
* It would be nice to have an image like that in the lede, representing the significant amount of smallholder dairy producers. In regards to that particular image, we'd have to obtain a copyright release from the image owner, and there is perhaps an issue in regards to safeguarding. The two LPs feature quite prominently in the image and i was able to run the number plate of the tractor through the public database and get the owner's name and the general area. Regards, Zindor (talk) 16:15, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
* Woah, that's some excellent sleuthing! In the meantime I put some other pics in the article—mostly just added the prettiest pictures of cow-related things I could find …… AleatoryPonderings (talk) 16:18, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
* They are great pictures. The lede one from the LACMA museum in particular. I wish someone had told me that museum existed, i used to live in that neck of the woods and would have definitely visited. Zindor (talk) 16:49, 25 August 2020 (UTC)
Discussion on article improvements
I'm watching an interesting video on the industry. Some good pointers in it. Operation Flood seems to be a major moment in the industry, so we could could have a section on that. Zindor (talk) 01:56, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
* Just dropped in a bit on that :) AleatoryPonderings (talk) 02:07, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
* Great, thank you. I imagine you're already well ahead of the rest of us on drafting content for this. I'm excited by the scope of this article but it's also gone 3am here and i should really be sleeping. Apparently "India ranks first among the world’s milk producing Nations since 1998 and has the largest bovine population in the World.". Some facts like that would look sweet in the lede although it probably wouldn't do any harm if we checked a statement like that against other RS who are more inclined to be neutral on the subject. Zindor (talk) 02:23, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
I believe there's scope for some content on dairy imports and exports. There's a USDA analysis here that among other things talks about an effective prohibition on U.S dairy products being imported into India because the animals involved in the process have been fed on other ruminants.
Until at least recently India had a ban on dairy products (and related downstream products like chocolate) from China. Source: here.
I'm sure i'm just scraping the surface of this. I'll try and get some prose put together but do let me know if you're already working on this and i'll dig elsewhere. Regards, Zindor (talk) 16:45, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
* Go ahead and add! I'm leaving the article be for the moment, I think, so feel free to drop in whatever; looks like has also finished their current round of edits, so we can cede the floor to you :) AleatoryPonderings (talk) 16:53, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
I'm having a hard time finding a source that covers offerings of milk in the practice of Hinduism, in a generic non-specific sense. I've found plenty of mentions about the Ganesha drinking milk miracle but i'd like to be able to make a blanket statement about milk offerings, or milk being poured on lingams etc.
This image from Commons shows what i'd like to explain in the article:
* Agnihotra seems decently well-sourced—does that help at all? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 02:53, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks, i'll look into it. Zindor (talk) 13:15, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
Largest producer etc
I've found a recent livemint article that makes the statement about being the largest producer and consumer, but i've also found this article by the Economic Times which makes a different comparison, and a similar parrot by LiveMint.
There seems to be two ways the sources are assessing this, comparing India against individual countries, or comparing India against conglomerates such as the European Union.
If we can find a source that states India is world leader, beating the EU, then that would cover the current wording of the DYK. Otherwise the wording would have to be similar to what we currently have in the lede. Zindor (talk) 13:15, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* I just left a comment on the DYK nom (before I saw this): there's an FAO publication which says that India had a production of 186k tons in 2018, which is more than that of EU. The Economic Times and Livemint articles are interesting. Awkward since they're also citing a UN publication. SD0001 (talk) 13:24, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks SD0001 for handling the DYK. At a quick glance, something that could use clarification is: are we talking about milk or dairy (or maybe both)? If it's dairy, is there an agreed-upon international standard for what dairy is? It's kind of a vague category in ordinary language, but maybe there's something more specific in the industry. Like is there an ISO standard for "dairy production" or similar? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 13:48, 24 August 2020 (UTC)
Cuisine
This article gives a nice overview on dairy in Indian cuisine, and is quite accurate from what I know. Too bad it's marked as "sponsored content", which probably means it can't be used as an RS. Anyway, it gives a lot of pointers on what keywords to search for. SD0001 (talk) 14:23, 27 August 2020 (UTC)
Water buffalo milk
This was probably my fault for being overeager to get a pic on the main page for this article, but it looks like the DYK for this article will be talking about water buffalo milk production. I just did a bit of research and it seems like we were relying on some outdated statistics when we first updated this article. As of the most recent round of agricultural statistics, it looks like milk from cows now just overtakes milk from water buffalo in terms of volume per year. I've now added some decent citations to that effect, but I would really like to find some official government statistics detailing the volume of milk from different sources. So I had two questions for you all:
* 1) Do you know where to find official versions of those statistics/if they're publicly available? I only found secondary reports.
* 2) Do you think the current hook on the DYK, which currently reads " … that the dairy industry in India, which is the largest in the world, is largely reliant on buffalo milk?", needs to be tweaked to account for the new state of affairs, in which cow milk is actually (just barely) the majority of milk produced? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:26, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
* I might change the hook to something like " … that just under half of the milk produced in India, whose dairy industry is the largest in the world, comes from water buffaloes"? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:48, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
The 3rd page (Page 9 on PDF) of this annual report by the DADF has a piechart detailing the percentage milk contribution by the various types of animal. The data is from 2017-18 but it's the latest report i can find on that site. Zindor (talk) 17:04, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks —that's exactly the kind of thing I was looking for. I noticed it only describes milk from buffaloes, not specifically water buffaloes. I assume there's no other kind of buffalo it might be talking about? AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:22, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
* I haven't seen any sources that suggest they aren't kinds of water buffalo, and i've had a good look. As you already know, the source doesn't make any specific determination over the type of Buffalo, so 'buffaloes' is the most defensible option. I'm concerned however that our significant North American audience might confuse 'Buffaloes' with 'Bison': piping a wikilink to Bubalus would remedy this confusion, and in my eyes carries a lesser burden-of-proof than the word choice in the text. Zindor (talk) 19:14, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
* You read my mind :) AleatoryPonderings (talk) 19:42, 3 September 2020 (UTC)
Exports
The quantity of exports seems to be amazingly variable over the years. Some data I found:
* 51,421.85 MT or 186.71 USD Million during 2019-20 http://www.apeda.gov.in/apedawebsite/SubHead_Products/Dairy_Products.htm
* 152,736 tonnes or $404 million between April 2018 and February 2019 https://www.indoasiancommodities.com/2019/04/25/indias-dairy-exports-hit-5-yr-high-of-152736-tonnes-in-april-2018-february-2019/ https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/after-4-yr-slump-dairy-exports-achieve-second-best-show-on-global-deficit-119042401039_1.html
* 123,877 metric tons (FY 2018-19) https://www.dairyglobal.net/Market-trends/Articles/2019/10/India-126-growth-in-dairy-exports-480318E/
* CY 2015 NFDM (non-fat dried milk) exports are projected at 75,000 metric tons http://agriexchange.apeda.gov.in/MarketReport/Reports/Dairy_and_Products_Annual_New_Delhi_India_10-15-2014.pdf
The first bullet is included in the article. But the reason for massive decrease from the previous year is unclear. – SD0001 (talk) 10:41, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
* The high of 2018-2019 was due to government incentives, according to Reuters. There is a remarkable lack of consistency in the figures over the years, but that's probably because India has no actual need to export dairy, so they just capitalize on demand and good prices. Zindor (talk) 15:48, 7 September 2020 (UTC)
Animal husbandry in India
Just discovered this article! At the moment, a lot of this article is actually about dairy. The annoying thing is that the information on dairy animals seems to belong in both these articles, resulting in duplication. – SD0001 (talk) 04:10, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
* Ugh, and it's also partially duplicated in agriculture in India as well. Probably animal husbandry should be merged into one or the other, but it'd be a real mess to figure it out … AleatoryPonderings (talk) 04:19, 4 September 2020 (UTC)
* I've edited Animal husbandry to put things into sections so that things now look more clear. I think it can serve as a summary-style article covering dairy, poultry, meat production, fisheries, bee-keeping etc. I have not done the research but I guess enough material is available for all this so it shouldn't need a merge. – SD0001 (talk) 07:24, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
Notes on improvements needed
* History: Needs to cover Operation Flood, our Operation Flood article doesn't look impressive.
* Production: more context and info needed on the cow vs buffalo question. (Buffaloes are more efficient economically as they can be sold for slaughter when become less productive, but not cows because of religion, but people apparently prefer cow milk). Why the cow is worshipped in Hindutva politics
* Production: some tables or graphs would be cool?
* Is the content from ('s source above) in the public domain as a government document? We may be able to copy some of it wholesale and post on Commons if so. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:49, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* Consumption: can probably expand from Wiley but the content is historical.
Once this is all sorted out, I wonder how close will we be from this being GA-worthy? – SD0001 (talk) 17:02, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* Mmmm that would be a good target! I did some GAs ages ago but the criteria seem to have tightened up substantially since then; not familiar with the process now. But I'd be game for a shot once we've addressed the outstanding points. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:49, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
The 1957 Copyright Act would suggest that being Indian government work it's not in the public domain until 60 years after publication. That being said, fair use (fair dealing in India) for education should cover us, and making derivatives (our own charts and graphs etc) would arguably be covered too. I've seen Indian RS make their own charts using gov data. Template:Pie chart is handy. On a trivial note, i remember an editor pointed out two years ago that Wikipedia's pie charts are slightly egg-shaped, not circular. Once you see it you'll never un-see it! Zindor (talk) 18:51, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
Pie chart looks quite handy! Not sure whether we want to include this in the article, but I made this pie chart for fun. We'll probably need to say what "non-descript" means if we include this. BTW, it doesn't look egg-shaped to me! – SD0001 (talk) 20:29, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* I was utterly mystified by "non-descript"—I guess it means "non-indigenous" in context? I'm struggling to see it as egg-shaped too, and now I feel like I need my eyes checked … AleatoryPonderings (talk) 20:34, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* Ok ok, maybe my eyes are wonky. From looking at other sources i've worked out that 'non-descript' means that the buffalo don't fit into any specific well-maintained dairy breed, they are just an unknown mix, and typically produce less milk. It would be like a dairy farm using cows that are a cross between beef cattle and Dairy cattle. Zindor (talk) 20:56, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* I like the pie chart btw, and think you should include it SD0001. Zindor (talk) 20:57, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* My doubt exactly. Every source I've looked at today uses the word "non-descript" without bothering to tell what that means. This site comes closest to giving an explanation. – SD0001 (talk) 21:07, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* I boldly added your pie chart to the article, with a cite to the government report. We can add some explanatory footnotes with efn later as to the meaning of "non-descript", but I thought your great work deserved to be in mainspace :) AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:49, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks, looks good. – SD0001 (talk) 07:13, 9 September 2020 (UTC)
Date format
I've noticed different date formats in the inline citations and it's probably a good idea if we remain consistent per MOS:DATEUNIFY. I don't have any preference, but i saw all-numeric being used so i've been using that. you're the main contributors so it's really up to you to decide on a date format.
Also Aleapond, your new lede is getting popular online, and has already been copied elsewhere. Congrats lol. Regards, Zindor (talk) 19:42, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
* Omg I'm famous! I'm not from India, but if we're using Indian English (as seems proper and as is currently specified in the template at the top) I imagine we should use whatever format's most common in India. I'd expect that to be dmy, but maybe I'm wrong? I usually just put in use mdy dates or use dmy dates since it automatically flips ISO format dates into whatever format is specified in the template. I think there's a script for converting dates but idk where to find it. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 19:46, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
* My bad, i was unaware of the template wizardry automatically fixing it. I was just basing it off the raw wikitext. I'd say you're right about DMY; and there is nothing in MOS:IN to suggest otherwise. Zindor (talk) 20:16, 8 September 2020 (UTC)
* WP:US/L is the place to look for scripts. You're probably referring to WP:MOSNUMscript. In India, we always use DD/MM/YY over MM/DD/YY. But when the month is being written fully in words, I don't think there's a national standard. So yeah let's just go for dmy. – SD0001 (talk) 07:16, 9 September 2020 (UTC)
Raj era
From the article: "In 1916, a dairy animal census was conducted for the first time by British colonial officials. A report authored in 1937 indicated a sub-optimal rate of milk consumption in the country. It estimated a per capita intake of 7 ounces (200 g) per day (inclusive of all dairy products), which was the lowest among all large dairy countries. Low productivity of dairy animals and widespread poverty were the challenges in increasing dairy production and consumption. Consumption varied by geographic and economic conditions, but was on the whole quite low"
I been thinking for a while about this paragraph. Typically at WP:India we don't trust Raj era sources regarding population data because they either didn't bother to venture out and count people or they were inflating the numbers to cover massive famines, so i don't think per-capita intake measurements or views on optimality would be reliable. User:Sitush is more familiar with these kind of sources. I have a feeling that Wiley, in this instance, might have put too much credence in the dairy animal census.
It's now known today that a large part of the Indian population are actually lactose-intolerant, so maybe the results of the census were intended to stimulate cattle-trade from the British government rather than nourish those who perhaps had a good reason for not having so much dairy in their diet. As a reader i would be more interested in knowing what the Indian populace at the time thought about dairy, than the view of the British colonists.
It's not unknown for me to bark up the wrong tree, so sorry if i'm wrong on this. I also don't mean the above as a criticism of whoever wrote the prose, just of Wiley's choice of source. Thanks, and kind regards as ever. Zindor (talk) 22:51, 9 September 2020 (UTC)
* I don't have an idea of the reliability of the source. But there are no exceptional claims being made. The low per-capita consumption continues to be the case even today in modern India. The claim that it was sub-optimal at that time seems quite natural. Low productivity of dairy animals and widespread poverty... Once again, nothing surprising. Low productivity of dairy animals has been an issue for long after independence, and even today the yield of indigenous breeds are quite low which is why they're being increasingly replaced by cross-breeds. The claim of widespread poverty in pre-independent India is also obviously correct. These factors, coupled with the high population, makes the per-capita consumption understandably low. This isn't surprising. Consumption varied by geographic and economic conditions... Again, this is still true today.
* I think the sourcing would be a problem if exceptional claims were being made, of which there is none here. Also, the colonial administration being the source is mentioned in the prose. That being said, if you feel like removing the figures or condensing it down to de-emphasise it, by all means go ahead. But I don't think a total removal is warranted as that would cause a chronological gap in the history without good reason, as no other sources appear to be available for this period. At any rate, thanks for bringing this up. – SD0001 (talk) 13:14, 10 September 2020 (UTC)
Cross breeding
Per WP:BRD i've reverted the content removal that happened here. The prose was about a significant gov policy which came much chronologically later than the events described in the prose you wrote; it doesn't repeat the same information and it also helps fill in the post-1984 gap that exists in the section. As a straightforward paraphrase of facts, it was a perfectly valid use of a WP:PRIMARY source.
Perhaps you can expand on it rather than remove the sourced content entirely. Regards, Zindor (talk) 12:39, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* TBH, I didn't realise it wasn't added by me (I thought i must've added it while half asleep lol). Anyway the project was started in 2000 and was for 10 years, which means it would have ended in 2010. Then we ought to be talking about the results of the project rather its objectives. It's better to use a non-primary source as they'd include independent insights about the success of the project, etc. This is about the only book source that talks about this project -- it's brief and doesn't cover the results.
* Governments make a lot of policies on a lot of things. But if there are no substantial results, they're of significance only for govt reports; not for an encyclopedic article.
* Anyway, dynamic govt websites should really be the last-resort choice of a source. Book sources, journals, static web sources such as PDFs are preferable. – SD0001 (talk) 19:01, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks for engaging in discussion on this, that's a strong point you make about looking at the results, and seeing what independent analysis in secondary sources occurred. I can see how that would create a greater amount of more meaningful content for an article, and give a truer sense of due weight. Also fair point about the potential for the source to be dynamic, i would also have preferred if it was at least dated and saved in a separate format from the HTML. I've reverted myself, and thank you for giving me the opportunity to do so! Admittedly serious content creation is one of my weaker areas, so please forgive me. Kind regards, Zindor (talk) 19:58, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Anyway, dynamic govt websites should really be the last-resort choice of a source. Book sources, journals, static web sources such as PDFs are preferable. – SD0001 (talk) 19:01, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
* Thanks for engaging in discussion on this, that's a strong point you make about looking at the results, and seeing what independent analysis in secondary sources occurred. I can see how that would create a greater amount of more meaningful content for an article, and give a truer sense of due weight. Also fair point about the potential for the source to be dynamic, i would also have preferred if it was at least dated and saved in a separate format from the HTML. I've reverted myself, and thank you for giving me the opportunity to do so! Admittedly serious content creation is one of my weaker areas, so please forgive me. Kind regards, Zindor (talk) 19:58, 14 September 2020 (UTC)
Lead
We should probably think about beefing up the lead, given the size of the article. I may do it later today, but thought I'd flag in case anyone had any thoughts about how best to do it. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 14:29, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
* So much new info lately—thanks everyone! Would be great to drop some highlights of the new additions in the lead, but I haven't kept track of everything new. When someone has a chance, feel free to summarize some of the new content in the lead section. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:46, 12 September 2020 (UTC)
* I would leave it to the end. It's easier to write the lead when the rest of the article is ready - as you just need to go over it and summarize everything. – SD0001 (talk) 05:58, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
Can anyone think of a better opening sentence? Dairy plays a significant part in numerous aspects of Indian society, including cuisine, religion, culture, and the economy. seems rather dull and boring. – SD0001 (talk) 13:26, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
Obscure citation error
Does anyone know how to fix the fact that this is currently in Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list? I didn't know what to look for to fix it. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:20, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
* It's because of which the citation module confuses as multiple author names 'coz of the commas! – SD0001 (talk) 17:35, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
* but fair enough, it isn't someone' last name, so I thought I'd use the param for that, but it instead causes categorisation into Category:Pages with citations having redundant parameters. Pretty fun! – SD0001 (talk) 17:39, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
* , Ahhh! I changed it to which I think gets all the same info without the error. Also, is there a way to archive refs/create permalinks en masse? Noticed you'd done that for a few of the refs, but if this is going up for GA we should probably archive the rest if there's an easy way to to do that. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 17:46, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
* Not that I know of. I didn't create any of those archives (as I have only used books/PDF sources). Maybe would know about this. – SD0001 (talk) 17:58, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
* I've found a conversation about using perma.cc for this purpose, but i don't know if the situation has improved since two years ago. Otherwise i don't know, sorry. Zindor (talk) 21:09, 20 September 2020 (UTC)
Aha! I think I just did it with User:InternetArchiveBot. Apparently you can just go to the page history and do it for any page you're interested in de-link-rotting. ( Saw on my watchlist that you'd done this with John Turner—it's a cool trick!) AleatoryPonderings (talk) 23:01, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
* , I learnt this one recently too :) There are two streams of thought on doing this for all links vs only for rotten links. I just end up doing it for all links. Ktin (talk) 23:18, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
* , Yeah, I figure all is better too since the whole premise of the thing is that every link will eventually "rot" so one ought to head that off sooner rather than later. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 23:33, 22 September 2020 (UTC)
Source
Here's another potentially useful source, in case anyone's interested in having a look. AleatoryPonderings (talk) 21:06, 24 September 2020 (UTC)
* Looks like a great find for expanding the early history. – SD0001 (talk) 08:11, 26 September 2020 (UTC)
* Looks like a great find for expanding the early history. – SD0001 (talk) 08:11, 26 September 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Page:Hardings luck - nesbit.djvu/34
12 "Rattle" on it for his one friend, Tinkler. And with the shilling he could. (This is part of the dismal magic of pawntickets which some grown-up will kindly explain to you.) "I can't get money by the sweat of my brow," said Dickie to himself; "nobody would let me run their errands when they could get a boy with both legs to do them. Not likely. I wish I'd got something I could sell."
He looked round the yard—dirtier and nastier than ever now in the parts that the Man Next Door had not had time to dig. There was certainly nothing there that any one would want to buy, especially now the rabbit-hutch was gone. Except. . . why, of course—the moonflowers!
He got the old worn-down knife out of the bowl on the back kitchen sink, where it nestled among potato peelings like a flower among foliage, and carefully cut half a dozen of the smaller flowers. Then he limped up to New Cross Station, and stood outside, leaning on his crutch, and holding out the flowers to the people who came crowding out of the station after the arrival of each train—thick, black crowds of tired people, in too great a hurry to get home to their teas to care much about him or his flowers. Everybody glanced at them, for they were wonderful flowers, as white as water-lilies, only flat—the real sunflower shape and their centres were of the purest yellow gold colour.
"Pretty, ain't they?" one black-coated | WIKI |
BRIEF-Evine Live Q3 loss per share $0.06
Nov 22 (Reuters) - Evine Live Inc * Evine live inc- company expects revenue in q4 to be negative low to mid-single digits on a year-over-year basis * Evine live inc - expects revenue in q4 to be negative low to mid-single digits on a year-over-year basis * Evine live inc- expect adjusted ebitda to increase in q4 on both a sequential and year-over-year basis * Q4 revenue view $214.2 million — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S * Evine live inc. Reports third quarter 2016 results * Q3 sales $152 million versus i/b/e/s view $163.8 million * Q3 loss per share $0.06 * Q3 earnings per share view $-0.03 — Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:Tom Wheeler
NPOV
I get that Wikipedians tend to favor net neutrality, but the way the subject's political positions are presented so prominently and so negatively ("violate" net neutrality?) seem well over the line. Even the disambiguation, referring to him as a lobbyist, seems biased. Biographical information should be arranged chronologically, not ideologically. HereToHelp (talk to me) 13:39, 29 April 2014 (UTC)
* I agree, and I think the title of the article itself is a part of that bias - he's not a lobbyist anymore, and only was from 1979 to 1984. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:11, 8 May 2014 (UTC)
* Agreed and I think there are arguments to be made for moving this to Tom Wheeler and disambiguating the current article there. Sam Walton (talk) 12:37, 8 May 2014 (UTC)
* Done per this discussion and the message now located at Tom Wheeler (writer). Sam Walton (talk) 13:06, 8 May 2014 (UTC)
Something else that bothers me about this article, and I'm sure it happens frequently, is that one of the sources cited ([12]) is on the Wall Street Journal, whose article can only be read if you have an account. RobertLM78 (talk) 18:37, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
* It's unfortunate but sometimes sources are paywalled. Sam Walton (talk) 19:19, 14 May 2014 (UTC)
Poorly written article
Check out the following for an example: "In late April 2014 the contours of a document leaked that indicated that Wheeler's FCC would consider promulgating rules allowing Internet service providers (ISPs) to violate net neutrality principles by making it easier for Internet users to access certain content — whose owners paid fees to the ISPs (including cable companies and wireless ISPs) — and harder to access other content"
It's barely even readable. Awful, really. I would fix it to make it more readable, but for some reason the article is locked for editing. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:24, 15 August 2014 (UTC)
* I've gone over the sentence a few times. I've one minor quibble, easily fixable: While new organizations like the flowery language, it is not encyclopedic (eg., true) to say "Wheeler's FCC". He does not own or possess it. NYT's not letting me at the article referenced. Did you have any other complaints about the sentence? —Aladdin Sane (talk) 23:07, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
Outdated
The article states we are now in a public discussion period that ends July 2014. This period has clearly ended. Someone should update the article with the advancements done in the past few months — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:16, 4 February 2015 (UTC)
A structural consideration concerning subsections, and their naming
Technically, the way the article is now, the "Net neutrality" section is a sub-section of the "Career" section. We are chronicling a person's life. However, that would leave the article with just one main body section. Personally, I don't think that is a crime. Also, the section title is accurately called "Net neutrality controversy" because the subject of this BLP has wound up at the very center of that controversy. Just some changes to consider. —Aladdin Sane (talk) 23:37, 26 February 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
As Bernie Sanders Heads to Vatican, a Visit With Pope Francis Seems in Doubt
On the campaign trail and in Congress, Senator Bernie Sanders has frequently invoked Pope Francis, quoting his writings about the “idolatry of money,” sending solicitations for donations headlined “Why we must listen to Pope Francis” and praising the pope as a “radical” for “speaking out with courage and brilliance about some of the most important issues facing our world.” Someone was listening. On Friday, Mr. Sanders was scheduled to fly to Rome to address the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, in effect the Vatican’s in-house think tank on social, economic and environmental issues. “We invited the candidate who cites the pope the most in his campaign, and that is Senator Bernie Sanders,” said Bishop Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo, the academy’s chancellor. Monsignor Sánchez Sorondo, an Argentine who is close to the pope, said that Mr. Sanders’s focus on climate change and his attention to poor people on the margins of society were “very analogous to that of the pope.” He said that made the Vermont senator an obvious person to invite to Friday’s conference, which celebrates the 25th anniversary of an encyclical by Pope John Paul II about the potential pitfalls of the market economy after the fall of the Berlin Wall. But the issues of globalization at the heart of the conference have been eclipsed by questions over whether Mr. Sanders fished for an invitation to the Vatican to help his presidential campaign and whether he would get a coveted meeting with the pope. As recently as Wednesday, Mr. Sanders said he was hoping to see Pope Francis. Though the possibility of that meeting was always a stretch, the Vatican seemingly put the matter to bed on Thursday. “There won’t be a meeting with the Holy Father,” a Vatican spokesman, the Rev. Federico Lombardi, said. The pope, who is leaving for Greece some time after Mr. Sanders’s arrival, would not be meeting with any participants of the conference, Father Lombardi said. But that was not the final word for Monsignor Sánchez Sorondo, who has a reputation among some in the Vatican for attracting attention to his conferences with star-studded names. (Last year the academy screened a movie directed by Angelina Jolie, who did receive an audience with the pope.) He dismissed the Vatican statement on a potential papal audience as “all the Roman gossip” and suggested Mr. Sanders could bump into the pope at the Vatican dormitory where he keeps his apartments. Almost since the moment that Mr. Sanders announced last week that he was “delighted to have been invited” to what his campaign called a “high-level meeting” at the Vatican, the visit has prompted typical Vatican politicking. That day, a Bloomberg News article quoted the academy’s president, Margaret Archer, a laywoman professor, as saying that Mr. Sanders had asked for the invitation. “Sanders made the first move,” she said. Monsignor Sanchez Sorondo called Ms. Archer’s remarks “a little strange” and insisted he alone had the idea to invite Mr. Sanders. A visit to the Vatican is not, senior church officials pointed out, the same thing as receiving an audience from the pope. And while Mr. Sanders has not claimed that a papal reception was in the works, his campaign has made much of the Roman detour from the New York campaign trail. “Anybody even coming to see St. Peter’s Basilica, they say is coming to the Vatican,” said Cardinal Peter Turkson of Ghana, the president of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, who oversaw the drafting of Pope Francis’ 2015 encyclical about climate change. Cardinal Turkson added that the academy, like any other of the Vatican ministries, “can invite anybody.” “Just like they welcomed de Blasio, the mayor of New York, to their meeting once,” he said. “That does not mean de Blasio came to see the pope. He came to an event of the academy.” The visit and the contretemps over who made the first move put a rare world spotlight on the academy. It was established by Pope John Paul II in 1994 to promote “the study and progress of the social, economic, political and juridical sciences, and of thus offering the church the elements which she can use in the study and development of her social doctrine.” Since then it has held conferences such as “Democracy — Some Acute Questions,” “Conceptualization of the Person in Social Sciences,” and “Trafficking With a Special Focus on Children.” Among the dozens of academics who belong to the academy are the prominent economists and Sanders allies Joseph E. Stiglitz and Jeffrey D. Sachs. Mr. Sachs conferred with the pope in advance of his encyclical on the environment last year, which called for sweeping political and economic reforms to address climate change. Reached in Vienna, where he was en route to the Vatican conference, Mr. Sachs, who is a foreign policy adviser to Mr. Sanders, said he was involved in the invitation, but only as a messenger. The Vatican, he said, “reached out to me to ask me how they could reach him. And I said I was happy to forward the invitation to him. Which I did.” He noted that the conference would be opened by Cardinal Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga of Honduras, the pope’s right-hand man, and that it also marked the 125th anniversary of an encyclical by Pope Leo XIII on capital and labor. “The takeaway for 125 years now is the church favors a market economy but one that operates within moral standards,” he said. Pope John Paul II, a critical figure in the opening up of Eastern Europe, warned in 1991 of the eroding of worker rights, the rising inequality of income, and the ecological disasters that could result from a purely profit-driven economy. The senator, Mr. Sachs noted, “has been saying these things for a long time. He has been distributing papal encyclicals for a long time going back to the time that he was mayor of Burlington.” Decades later, Mr. Sanders is hoping to cement that common bond on economic issues with an embrace, however unlikely, from an unpredictable pope. “It’s something that happens or doesn’t,” Mr. Sachs said. “One never knows until the day of the event.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Morge
Morge may refer to:
* Morge (Isère), a tributary of the Isère
* Morge (Allier), a tributary of the Allier
* Morge (Lake Geneva), a tributary of Lake Geneva
* Le Morge, a frazione (subdivision) in the Abruzzo region of Italy
People with the surname
* Günter Morge (1925–1984), German entomologist | WIKI |
The truth about why we gain weight in winter
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Scientists have calculated that we consume 200 extra calories per day in the wintertime.
Reason no. 2: We produce more sleep hormones
In winter, we get less sunlight. The lack of natural light can affect hormonal synthesis, especially in the case of sleep hormones and can cause temporary hormonal imbalances.
Levels of melatonin, the hormone that helps control the sleep cycle, increase in winter, making us more prone to drowsiness and a bigger appetite.
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If you don't like going to the gym, then you're definitely moving less in the winter than in the warmer months. Cold weather makes it really difficult to leave your warm home!
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Talk:Punch-Out!!
Tyson
"Tyson was removed from the re-release of the game and replaced with Mr. Dream because his contract expired." Really? I was under the impression (which seems pretty plausible) that he was taken out because of the whole sexual assault business Casey J. Morris (talk) 10:33, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
* seems unlikely, the date given for the release of the Mr dream version in the main punchout article prdates the date given for the rape case in the Tyson article by almost a year. Unless there is some delebrate deception it would have been impossibe for Nintendo to have known about the rape at that time. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:01, 24 March 2009 (UTC)
Bear Hugger a lumberjack?
"Bear Hugger, first appeared in the Super Punch-Out!! arcade. His appearance resembles a Canadian lumberjack." Since Bear Hugger is from Saskatchewan, a province in the Canadian Prairies which are grasslands and have little in the way of forests, it is highly unlikely that Bear is a lumberjack. I'm removing this reference since it's a projection of an inaccurate stereotype. It's unsourced anyway. --Thaddius (talk) 15:00, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
* But Punch-Out is full of obvious ethnic stereotypes. what makes you think they would be so careful about the geography? Keep in mind, this is a game that features a boxer named "Pizza Pasta" Casey J. Morris (talk) 10:33, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
* Super Punchout had so many stereotypical characters that it's almost laughable that you spent time deleting this <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:27, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
The Wii game cites him as being from Salmon Arm, BC, not Saskatchewan. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:10, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
He is a Canadian lumberjack, BC has a lot of lumberjacks-- Matematx 22:37, 9 June 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Matematx (talk • contribs)
Duplicate article?
Do you know there is a List of characters in the Punch-Out!! series that is very much the same as this article? MuZemike (talk) 01:18, 6 September 2008 (UTC)
* I merged that here, and the merge was reverted. And it's not the same as this article - it only covers characters, while this covers Punch-Out!! in other media, and has the set-up to discuss the gameplay and reception. - A Link to the Past (talk) 03:17, 6 September 2008 (UTC)
* So the previous article should be redirected here? I'm just asking because we do not need two articles on exactly the same thing. If that's the case, then the previous move (from here) should be reverted back; hopefully a revert war does not result, in which WP:DR would be necessary. MuZemike (talk) 00:24, 7 September 2008 (UTC)
Added more info from previous boxer list and reformatted page
I agree with much of the previously deleted strategy info regarding how to play the game, defeat the boxer and detailed specifics of the boxing game play. However since this is a section about fictional boxers (and not characters from an RPG game or a movie or something), some reference to the boxers fighting style, signature maneuvers, mannerisms and difficulty should still be referenced in some way (which I have done). Also fixed minor errors as in Piston Honda/Hurricane mix-up. Characters were given their own sub links as they are referenced and linked to on various other articles in Wikipedia and not having any name specific sub pages breaks all of these links. Lastly I moved the Video Games box to the top, as it is the most important, and added various game titles to the intro text as having 'Arm Wrestling' as the only specific linked game in the text isn't very accurate as to the most important games in the series.User:Ramshackle Man (talk) 09:04, 8 September 2008 (UTC)
* I don't see why people think that being fictional boxers require us to cover them as if they were real boxers. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 17:53, 11 January 2009 (UTC)
Puncht Out is also a technical term related to a specific function of procurement systems that allows them to work with eCommerce websites.
''' Punchout is also an eCommerce industry term and should have it's own page. ''' I believe that it is important that a new page is created to talk about the technical eCommerce term Punchout and related terms such as Roundtrip, Tapout, etc.
Punchout and the aforementioned terms define a specific segement of eCommerce technology which allows procurement applications (such as Ariba) to communicate with eCommerce websites for the purpose of integrating legacy eCommerce sites to the eProcurement workflow instrinsic to spend management / procurement applications.
This is a fairly complicated and misunderstood technology. Many suppliers who are introduced to the term are hardpressed to understand the concept. Wikipedia can help that.
Svn9low (talk) 03:42, 23 January 2009 (UTC) Joshua
* Uhmm, then go ahead and make the page, no one's stopping you. There's already a Punch-Out disambig page [], so just add the new article to there when you're done. Really there was no need to put this on the talk page of the video game.<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:50, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
Name change
Since this article is about the series. I propose it's name be changed to Punch-Out!! (series). Any thoughts? Rhonin the wizard (talk) 17:05, 17 March 2009 (UTC)
* Look up Fire Emblem. Parrothead1983 (talk) 20:03, 17 March 2009 (UTC)
* Well, actually it makes no difference if another page does it one way because they could be doing it wrong. Generally, if more than one article shares a name, the one with the most notability gets the default naming with the rest being distinguished. Frankly, I don't think it really matters for Punch-Out!! So name it however<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:54, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
Disco Kid
On my Wii console, I saw a new teaser trailer for the upcoming Wii version on the Nintendo Channel, and the unnamed fighter on the boxart is referred to as "Disco Kid". However, it's listed as a "Nintendo Channel exclusive", which likely means it hasn't been posted elsewhere yet. In any case, this is where I saw it, and so I cited it the best way I could. Brittany Ka (talk) 18:02, 23 March 2009 (UTC)
SNES Super Punch-Out!!'s protagonist
According to the download details for the SNES Super Punch-Out!! in the Wii Shop Channel, the protagonist is referred to as Little Mac, but not anything like "the main character". Here are the details:
Featuring the tight game play and humor the series is known for, this sequel to the NES classic sees Little Mac return to the ring with the World Video Boxing Association belt once again at stake. Slug your way through the grueling, sweat-pounding matches of the Minor, Major and World Circuits as you face of against some of Little Mac's greatest rivals like Bear Hugger, Bald Bull, and Super Macho Man. With a cast of new challengers waiting, do you have what it takes to identify their unique patterns and exploit their weaknesses? Go to your corner, and come out fighting, but remember what Doc Louis would say, "It's not about brawling---it's about finesse!"
However, in the Operations Guide for the game, he was referred to as "the main character", but this is probably using technological speech. Perhaps this is a retcon. Parrothead1983 (talk) 06:04, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
* This interview sounds reliable, but not from anyone who works for Next Level Games or any other developer that's not Nintendo. Even though he said they researched the entire Punch-Out!! series, the answer to who is "they" is either just Next Level Games or both them and Nintendo. Also, their researching of every (or nearly every) Punch-Out!! information they can find most likely happened before the Virtual Console release of the SNES Super Punch-Out!!, which confirmed that the protagonist is Little Mac. Bryan Holliday sounds more like a fan of the Punch-Out!! series (especially the ever-popular NES versions) that asked Nintendo if he and Next Level Games would like to help develop a Punch-Out!! Wii game, since video game developers, like movie producers, are running out of ideas and going back to old-school classics to make new games and movies based on them. It would of been better if Genyo Takeda (Punch-Out!! series creator) or anyone of the original Punch-Out!! series staff (especially those who developed the SNES version) was in the same interview and said if the SNES boxer is Little Mac or not. Parrothead1983 (talk) 05:37, 29 April 2009 (UTC)
Just Nintendo of America getting their facts out of order. Move along. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:00, 28 June 2009 (UTC)
* Actually, it's more like a ret-con but whatever...<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:55, 9 July 2009 (UTC)
Soda Popinski
Just wondering, could someone get a reference on the confirmation of Soda Popinski? It's checked that he is in Punch-Out!! for the Wii, but where has it been said that he will be in that game? - Smashman202 (talk) 02:00, 25 April 2009 (UTC)
* I'm all for using the game itself as a reference. Soda Popinski is the second opponent in the World Circuit for the Wii game. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:07, 6 June 2009 (UTC)
Galleries
Might as well make use of the talk page for this instead of continuing the edit war. I'm against it, as it's completely unnecessary, and looks incredibly unprofessional. --Evildevil (talk) 03:51, 3 May 2009 (UTC)
* Likewise! Thanks! Fin©™ 08:21, 3 May 2009 (UTC)
* I concur; pointless and trivial. - The New Age Retro Hippie used Ruler! Now, he can figure out the length of things easily. 06:25, 4 May 2009 (UTC)
Glass Joe's one win.
How could Glass Joe have beaten Nick Bruiser? Nick's record is 42-0, according to Super P-O! Maetch (talk) 16:46, 5 May 2009 (UTC)
* That use of the name Glass Joe in the fastest knockout list was almost certinly used a joke reference and not an indication that Glass Joe actually defeted Nick Bruiser. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:21, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
Glass Joe's win happened AFTER the events of Super Punch-Out, even though it states Glass Joe's win in Mike Tyson's Punch-Out. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:05, 21 August 2009 (UTC) He beat Von Kaiser, actually.Regi999 (talk) 00:21, 27 November 2009 (UTC)
Aran Ryan is in Wii
I added Aran Ryan as being in the Wii game, with a source to a french trailer. While his name is not mentioned in it, it seems to look like him, and it's agreed across various other websites that it is him. If anyone objects to putting him up as confirmed, please let me know as to why exactly. I won't stop anyone, but I'd like to know... --Evildevil (talk) 23:39, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
That's because he is I just played the game-- Matematx 11:40, 13 June 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Matematx (talk • contribs)
You can fight against Doc Louis...
Nintendo just announced their Club Nintendo awards, and Platinum members can download (I assume it's a WiiWare thing) called "Doc Louis' Punch Out" which is just a one-on-one bout between Little Mac and Doc Louis. (www.nintendo.com)
In truth I'm not sure how to source this. It's technically not part of Punch-Out Wii, but a separate title even though it builds off the Punch Out engine. But, how to add it to the chart. If we add Doc Louis we'd have to a)distinguish the games hes a fighter and he's not, and b) distinguish "punch-out wii" and "doc louis' punch out".<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:32, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
* Added him, with only Punch-Out Wii checked. There's a note above his NES X saying he was Little Mac's coach in the NES and Wii version, and a note above his Wii check saying he "is only challengeable as a fighter in Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!, a WiiWare download exclusive to 2009 Club Nintendo Platinum members. Though, technically a stand-alone title, it only features one bout between Little Mac and Doc Louis and utilizes Punch-Out!! (Wii)'s game engine". Also renamed the character table to the fighter table to distinguish between non-fighting appearances. Added source, www.club.nintendo.com<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:50, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
A few things about Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!!
First, the title is actually Doc Louis's Punch-Out!! not Doc Louis' Punch-Out!!. I know the official title is grammatically incorrect with Louis's instead of Louis', but all the listings on www.club.nintendo.com list it as such, so please stop correcting this.
Second, do not make a whole new line to the table just for Doc Louis's Punch-Out!!. It has been confirmed to only be one bout between Little Mac and Doc Louis. Yes, it is a stand-alone WiiWare title, but in terms of the layout of the article it makes more sense to list it under the Wii title, with a note explaining the circumstance (like it currently is in the article).<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:33, 14 July 2009 (UTC)
Jerome?
I was curious about where Doc Louis's first name originated from. To my knowledge I've never seen any official material reveal his first name. Does anybody know? Wariofan63 (talk) 00:05, 4 January 2010 (UTC)
Completely incomprehensible sentence
"Along with that, the protagonist of the SNES version of Super Punch-Out!! appears as a secret boxer in full 3D with the name "MAC" on his boxers and was referred to as "Little Mac" as part of the Nintendo-exclusives deal between Nintendo and EA in allowing a few characters from the Mario franchise to star in NBA Street V3 and SSX on Tour, but, due to the third-party nature of his role in the game, while originally being a nameable character with a different look compared to the original Little Mac and not have a default name, it is considered by several fans of the series, especially those of the NES versions, to be uncanon; however, when the Virtual Console release of the Super NES version of Super Punch-Out!! was released, the official details for the game in the Wii Shop Channel referred to the protagonist as "Little Mac"."
This sentence is not only MASSIVE, spanning four or five lines without any full stops, but I have absolutely no idea what in the world it is trying to say. Little Mac was in a game because EA was allowed to use Mario characters? Huh?? What does this mean?? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:56, 25 January 2015 (UTC)
Proposed merge with List of Punch-Out!! characters
This character list, as a set, is not independently notable from the main series. (In fact the series article exists to cover ground such as this...) The refs don't go into any depth on the characters as a series and note that many citations are repeats. The characters don't need more than a sentence or two description in the #Characters section of this main article. czar 23:10, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
* Oppose: I don't get this one. Many of the characters in here have plenty of coverage, be it reviews, listicles or otherwise. In fact, there's a couple of articles cited in the article that actually does cover multiple characters as a set (which is not even a requirement in the first place, I may add), such as this and this. Those, along with the reviews and listicles, are easily enough to pass WP:GNG. You should specify why they don't need more than a "sentence or two" in the main article, at least. Just because you think they don't "need" it, doesn't mean they necessarily have to be merged. Kokoro20 (talk) 13:17, 9 August 2016 (UTC) | WIKI |
.Net 2.0's System.Security namespace
2.0's System.Security namespace
The hormal strings are kept as plain-text in memory and thus unsecure. You can even make the string immutable so it behaves as a read-only string and makes a single copy of it. MoreOver, you can wipe it out of the memory from code by calling its Dispose() method.
A SecureString object is very much similar to a String object with differences like being automatically encrypted whenit is initialized or modified, can be modified until the application marks it as read-only, and can be deleted from computer memory by either the application or the .NET Framework garbage collector.
You could prevent furthur modification to the SecureString object using the MakeReadOnly method.
And you can use the SecureStringTOBSTR method of the System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal class to read the secure data
You could create a SecureString like follows:
To create a SecureString, You have to append a single character at a time. System.Security.SecureString secString = new System.Security.SecureString(); secString.AppendChar('e'); secString.AppendChar('g'); secString.AppendChar('g'); secString.AppendChar('h'); secString.AppendChar('e'); secString.AppendChar('a'); secString.AppendChar('D'); To make it immutable use the MakeReadOnly method. secString.MakeReadOnly(); To read the secure value, use the SecureStringToBSTR() method as follows: IntPtr ptr = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.SecureStringToBSTR(secString); string sDecrypString = System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.PtrToStringUni(ptr); And you can dispose using the Dispose() method: secString.Dispose();
By [)ia6l0 iii Popularity (993 Views) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Protective Committee for Independent Stockholders of TMT Trailer Ferry, Inc. v. Anderson/Opinion of the Court | WIKI |
Crowne Plaza Foshan Hotel
The Crowne Plaza Foshan is a hotel in Foshan, Guangdong. It opened in 1987 as the Foshan Hotel. Located in the heart of the Pearl River Delta, Foshan is an old town that has recently seen a transformation brought about by China's booming economy.
History
The hotel became the Crowne Plaza Foshan in December 2008 and is now managed by the InterContinental Hotels Group | WIKI |
Mat_python Mat_python - 7 months ago 60
Python Question
How to replace a range of values with NaN in Pandas data-frame?
I have a huge data-frame. How should I replace a range of values (-200, -100) with NaN?
Answer
You can do it this way:
In [145]: df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.randint(-250, 50, (10, 3)), columns=list('abc'))
In [146]: df
Out[146]:
a b c
0 -188 -63 -228
1 -59 -70 -66
2 -110 39 -146
3 -67 -228 -232
4 -22 -180 -140
5 -191 -136 -188
6 -59 -30 -128
7 -201 -244 -195
8 -248 -30 -25
9 11 1 20
In [148]: df[(df>=-200) & (df<=-100)] = np.nan
In [149]: df
Out[149]:
a b c
0 NaN -63.0 -228.0
1 -59.0 -70.0 -66.0
2 NaN 39.0 NaN
3 -67.0 -228.0 -232.0
4 -22.0 NaN NaN
5 NaN NaN NaN
6 -59.0 -30.0 NaN
7 -201.0 -244.0 NaN
8 -248.0 -30.0 -25.0
9 11.0 1.0 20.0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Landmarks of Scientific Socialism-Anti-Duehring-Engels-Lewis-1907.djvu/254
means of exchange. I cannot therefore express this certain amount of labor-time in labor hours, since their number is not known to me, but I can express it relatively in terms of another commodity, which has the same amount of labor time incorporated in it. The clock is worth as much as the piece of cloth.
But while the production of commodities and the exchange of commodities compel the society resting upon them to take this roundabout course, they are impelled to a shortening of the process. They separate from the mass of commodities one sovereign commodity, in which the value of all other commodities can be universally expressed, a commodity which is the complete incarnation of social labor, and, against which, all other commodities may be set in direct comparison gold. Gold already germinates in the idea of value, it is only developed value. But since the commodity value exists in gold also, itself being a commodity, a new factor arises in the society which produces and exchanges commodities, a factor with new social functions and operations. We can now examine this a little more closely.
The economy of the production of commodities is by no means the only science which has to reckon with relatively known factors. Even in physics, we do not know how many single gas molecules there are in a given volume of gas, pressure and temperature being given. But we know, as far as Boyle s law is correct, that a given volume of that gas has as many molecules as a similar volume of another selected gas at the same pressure and the same temperature. We can therefore compare the different volumes of different gases with respect to their molecular content, and, if we take one litre of gas at O Fahrenheit as the unit we can refer the molecular content of each to this standard. In | WIKI |
Haymarket Riot (band)
Haymarket Riot is a Chicago-based post-punk/rock band that was formed in 1999 by Mike Bennett, Kevin J. Frank, Fred Popolo and Billy Smith. The current line-up consists of Kevin J. Frank, Fred Popolo and Brian Wnukowski. The band's notable albums are Bloodshot Eyes, released in 2001, and Mog, released in 2004. Since 1999, Haymarket Riot has toured North America, Europe and Japan.
On April 7, 2009, Haymarket Riot released its third full-length album titled Endless Bummer on CD and as a digital download. The LP edition was later released on September 29, 2009, with alternate artwork and a download card which contains 2 bonus tracks. Early sessions for Endless Bummer were recorded with Steve Albini at Electrical Audio in Chicago, IL March 8–9, 2008. Overdubs were done from April 7, 2008 - May 27, 2008, at Studio Greg Studios II in Chicago, IL by Greg Norman. Mixing was done November 22–23, 2008, and December 15, 2008, by Greg Norman at Electrical Audio. Mastering was done January 28 - February 8, 2009, by Carl Saff at Saff Mastering in Chicago, IL. The CD version was a limited pressing with hand silk screened covers.
Haymarket Riot features or has featured ex-members of Gauge, Traluma, Radio Flyer, Big'N, Sweep The Leg Johnny, Six Of One Half Summers, Just A Fire, Neutrino, Orwell, Hubcap, The Sky Corvair, Dempsey, and the Traitors. Brian Wnukowski also is the current drummer for Cougars. Kevin J. Frank is also the current drummer for Milwaukee's Chariots Race.
Members
* Kevin J. Frank - vocals, guitar
* Fred Popolo - bass, vocals
* Brian Wnukowski - drums (2004-present)
* Rob Williams - bass (2009-present)
* Mike Bennett - guitar (1999-2002)
* Billy Smith - drums (1999-2002)
* Chris Almodovar - guitar (2002)
* Shane Hochstetler - drums (2002-2004)
* Quinn Goodwillie - guitar (2002-2003)
* Michael Graff - guitar (2003)
* Chris Daly - guitar (2003-2011)
Albums
* Bloodshot Eyes (Thick Records/Divot Records, 2001/Delboy Records, 2003)
* Mog (Thick Records/Divot Records, 2004)
* Endless Bummer (Divot Records, 2009)
EPs
* Self-Titled (Divot Records, 1999)
* Wax! (Divot Records, 2000)
* I Know What You Did (Stiff Slack Records 2006)
Singles
* Split with Her Fly Away Manner (Caulfield Records, 2001)
* Split with Hitch (What Else? Records, 2002)
* Split with Sweep The Leg Johnny (Makoto Records, 2002)
* If I Were A Transformer, My Name Would Be Bad Habit (2008)
* Recognize and Recall (2014)
Compilations
* This CD Contains The Self-Titled And Wax EPs (Divot Records, 2002) | WIKI |
Christian (footballer, born 2000)
Christian Roberto Alves Cardoso (born 19 December 2000), simply known as Christian, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Athletico Paranaense.
Honours
Athletico Paranaense
* Campeonato Paranaense: 2019, 2020, 2023
* Copa Sudamericana: 2021 | WIKI |
National Highway 431 (India)
National Highway 431 (NH 431) is a National Highway in India.
It runs from Fatwah, south to Daniawan, South east to Negar Nausa, then to Chandi, then east through Chainpur and Belchhi, then north to Barh | WIKI |
Read Time: 6 minutes
A Crucial Part Of Pregnancy
Despite millions of women getting pregnant worldwide, the success rate for conception is only 25-30%. That’s because pregnancy is a complex process. Several stages must go to plan, and both parties must have excellent reproductive health. Implantation is one such stage and one of the essential elements of the process. With implantation, some women notice cramping and bleeding. Is this normal or just a sign of a period?
reunite rx Implantation Symptoms Is Bleeding Cramping Normal
What is implantation?
A successful pregnancy starts with ovulation. During ovulation, the ovaries release a mature egg or oocyte into the fallopian tubes. The egg becomes fertilized from just 1 of millions of sperm present after sexual intercourse or IUI. After successful fertilization, the newly formed cells, called a blastocyst, go on a uterine lining path. The blastocyst stays in the uterus for 2-3 more days. From there, the cells attach or implants into the uterine wall. This is the implantation step.
Is bleeding an implantation symptom?
Bleeding is a common symptom with implantation and is quite normal. The newly formed blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining. When this happens, some tiny blood vessels can become ruptured. This can present as light spotting or bleeding. Note that not all women experience implantation bleeding. This makes bleeding an ineffective gauge for pregnancy.
Not quite a period
While implantation bleeding is expected, the signs are often confused with a period. If the egg is unsuccessfully fertilized, the thickened endometrium and egg leaves the body during the period. Periods often present the same symptoms of implantation bleeding with light spotting at first. The differentiator is the color and duration of bleeding. Most women will experience a pinkish red to brown discharge. A period, however, may present more crimson red. Both cases are not a good indication of pregnancy. So wait a few more days, then take a pregnancy test.
What about cramping?
Like bleeding, cramping is a common implantation symptom. Cramping is a combination of hormonal changes and the blastocyst burrowing into the uterine lining. This process is necessary to start developing the fetus. Similar to bleeding, not all women will feel implantation cramping. Other symptoms that can present include breast tenderness, bloating, nausea, and aversion to certain foods.
A sign of things to come?
Pregnancy has several stages, none as important as when the embryo successfully implants into the uterus. Implantation may cause bleeding and cramping. Both symptoms are perfectly normal and will only happen for a few days. However, these symptoms can easily be confused with a period. The best bet is to wait at least 1 day after a missed period to take a pregnancy test. If bleeding and cramping continue well past this period, speak with a healthcare provider.
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José Justavino
José Omar Justavino (born December 2, 1981) is a Panama football striker.
Club career
Justavino played for local side Plaza Amador and in August 2003, he moved abroad to join Argentinian third division side Racing Córdoba alongside compatriot Ricardo Buitrago.
El Gato was brought to F.C. Motagua in Honduras in December 2007 from San Francisco by Ramón Maradiaga after viewing his performance in the 2007 Central American regional club tournament against Olimpia and F.C. Motagua. However, he did not last very long in Honduras and returned to Panama to play with Árabe Unido.
In January 2012 he joined Chorrillo from Sporting San Miguelito and in summer 2012 he moved to Plaza Amador for the 2012 Apertura season.
International career
Justavino made his debut for Panama in a 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup match against El Salvador and has earned a total of 11 caps, scoring no goals. He represented his country at the 2003 UNCAF Nations Cup, his sole international tournament.
His final international was a May 2005 friendly match against Venezuela.
Honors
Club
National Titles
* '''Liga Panameña de Fútbol: Apertura 2009 II | WIKI |
Talk:Adjustable gastric band
Editorialization in article
This article needs to be reviewed thoroughly. There are several instances of adding emotion to the description of the discoveries and procedures. The article becomes less of valid information and more of an advertisement or opinion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:41, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
Proposed Article Restructuring
The Adjustable Gastric Band article in its current state is poorly structured and convoluted. For example, procedures are interspersed throughout the article, with SSL appearing as its own section and Types of Adjustable Gastric Bands appearing within the History section. An article restructure would create a clean, organized presentation of information to the benefit of the reader, while enabling us to identify bias more clearly through content juxtaposition. Additionally, a cleaner structure will enable us to more readily identify and fill information gaps with authoritatively sourced content.
The following is my proposed article structure:
* 1 Theory of gastric banding
* 1.1 Types of adjustable bands
* 1.2 Single Site Laparoscopy (SSL)
* 2 Surgical Indications
* 2.1 Pregnancy
* 3 Comparison with other bariatric/weight loss surgery techniques
* 3.1 Benefits of gastric banding compared to other bariatric surgeries
* 3.2 Potential complications
* 3.3 Documented adverse effects
* 3.3.1 Band- and port-specific
* 3.3.2 Digestive
* 3.3.3 Body as a whole
* 3.3.4 Miscellaneous
* 4 Losing weight after surgery
* 4.1 Effectiveness
* 5 History and development
* 5.1 Non-adjustable bands
* 5.2 Adjustable bands
* 5.3 Swedish Adjustable Gastric Band
* 5.4 The laparoscopic era
* 6 Laparoscopic banding in Australia
* 7 Celebrities
* 8 References
* 9 External links
Gundersen53 (talk) 20:53, 30 June 2010 (UTC)
Written too much like an advertisement
Reads like it's trying to convince people to have the surgery —Preceding unsigned comment added by LlamaFragments (talk • contribs) 01:54, 23 August 2010 (UTC)
Proposed Removal: Laparoscopic banding in Australia and Celebrities Sections
The Laparoscopic banding in Australia and Celebrities Sections are irrelevant to the general discussion of Adjustable Gastric Banding and should be removed. There is no reason to call out Australia-specific statistics, especially when no other country is referenced in such a manner. Additionally, the Australia content consists of one sentence that adds little to the overall article: "According to an August 2006 article in The Medical Journal of Australia, over 90% of weight loss surgeries in Australia are installations of the laparoscopic adjustable gastric band."
With regard to the Celebrities section, no other procedure of this nature has a Celebrity section. Gastric Bypass, Sleeve Gastrectomy, Vertical banded gastroplasty surgery and Gastroenterostomy all lack a Celebrity section. As such this section should be removed from the Adjustable Gastric Band article as it adds little value to the discussion of a surgical procedure.
Gundersen53 (talk) 16:18, 21 October 2010 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified 5 one external links on Adjustable gastric band. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110223032820/http://www.ossanzconference.com.au/2009/abstracts/thursday/Monkhouse-Simon.pdf to http://www.ossanzconference.com.au/2009/abstracts/thursday/Monkhouse-Simon.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20110207204311/http://www.helioscopie.fr:80/anglais/traitementChi.php to http://www.helioscopie.fr/anglais/traitementChi.php
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100827050109/http://www.asbs.org:80/Newsite07/resources/press_release_8202007.pdf to http://www.asbs.org/Newsite07/resources/press_release_8202007.pdf
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20101103024457/http://www.asbs.org:80/html/patients/banding.html to http://www.asbs.org/html/patients/banding.html
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 09:39, 4 October 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 2 external links on Adjustable gastric band. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20100813123725/http://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/lapband/about/surgery.htm to http://health.ucsd.edu/specialties/lapband/about/surgery.htm
* Added tag to http://archsurg.ama-assn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7235951
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20120216215752/http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Letter_01.19.12_UptonStearnsPitts.pdf to http://democrats.energycommerce.house.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Letter_01.19.12_UptonStearnsPitts.pdf
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 22:45, 26 June 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
North Minneapolis Church To Host Free COVID-19 Testing, Flu Shot Event – WCCO | CBS Minnesota
MINNEAPOLIS (WCCO) A church's mission isn't just fulfilled within its walls. We take the gospel to where the people are, said Pastor Jalilia Brown. For Shiloh Temple on Broadway Avenue in north Minneapolis, that gospel this weekend might just save some people. I'm like man, wouldn't it be good if we could do a 2-for-1 in the health care field, she wondered. That 2-for-1 special will be a free COVID-19 testing and flu shot event in the church's parking lot Friday and Saturday afternoon from noon – 4:00 p.m. People can stay in their vehicles if they prefer. Walk-ups are also welcome. We're not turning anyone away, said Pastor Brown, who also works at Hennepin Healthcare downtown. She coordinated the event with the hospital and City of Minneapolis to help a part of town struggling through a pandemic and increase in violent crime. There's a disparity in this area, north Minneapolis. A lot of resources don't come this way. And then sometimes when it is you have to pay for it, she said. Free or not, doctors say getting a flu shot specifically this fall has never been more important due to COVID-19. The viruses have similar symptoms according to the CDC including fever, chills, cough, fatigue, sore throat, muscle pain and body aches. That means if someone has the flu it might lead them to getting a COVID-19 test. And if I wind up doing a lot of COVID tests on people who actually have influenza, then I'm diverting COVID tests from what we need them for, our fight against COVID, said Dr. Frank Rhame, infectious disease expert with Allina Health. He adds that some studies show the probability of death increases if someone contracts both viruses. Dr. Frank Rhame with Allina health adds that if someone contracts both viruses, studies show the chance of dying increases. We really are advocating that everybody above six months get vaccinated unless they have contraindication, he said. A doctor's recommendation coupled with a pastor's plea. If that's you that's on the fence, I want you to come off the fence and come to this free event, said Pastor Brown. Shiloh Temple is located at 1201 West Broadway Avenue. You must log in to post a comment. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
0
PHP API - cannot search
Hi
I am using the PHP API wrapper class by Brian Hartvigsen. It works fine for everything but no matter what I search for I get zero result. I am not sure what I am missing. My curl is being authenticated (all other requests work fine)
Basically I do:
$xml = $zd->get(ZENDESK_SEARCH, array('query' => array( 'type' => 'ticket')));
this returns a 200 code but an empty array. I have tried no params, type = entry, adding sort and group by etc... nothing. Any suggestions as to what to look for?
thanks!
1 comment
• 0
hah.. figured it out. There are 2 query params. The correct answer is:
$xml = $zd->get(ZENDESK_SEARCH, array('query' => array( 'query' => 'type:ticket')));
Post is closed for comments. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Thomas W. Hoffman
Thomas William Hoffman (July 21, 1839 – April 18, 1905) was an American soldier who fought with the Union Army as a member of the 208th Pennsylvania Infantry during the American Civil War. He was recognized with his nation's highest military honor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for his display of "extraordinary heroism" when preventing the retreat of a regiment during the Third Battle of Petersburg, Virginia on April 2, 1865. That award was conferred on July 19, 1895.
Formative years
Born in Berrysburg, Pennsylvania on July 21, 1839, Thomas William Hoffman was a son of Amos Hoffman (1809–1897) and Amanda (Harper) Hoffman (1815–1897). He was reared and educated in Dauphin County with siblings: Jacob Franklin (1841–1916), Edwin (born circa 1845), Henrietta C. (1849–1932), and Adeline H. (1853–1943). His younger brother, Oscar A. (1857–1857), was just two weeks old when he died on May 2, 1857.
In 1850, Thomas Hoffman resided with his parents and siblings, John, Edwin, and Henrietta, on the family's farm in Lykins Township.
Civil War
At the age of 25, Hoffman enlisted for Civil War military service. After enrolling at Philadelphia on August 10, 1861, he then officially mustered in that same day as a private with Company E of the 72nd Pennsylvania Infantry (also known as the "Fire Zouaves"). Transported with his regiment to Virginia, he saw action in the Battle of Ball's Bluff (October 21, 1861), participated in the advances by the Union troops of Major-General Nathaniel P. Banks on Winchester and Yorktown, and fought in the Seven Days Battles of Seven Pines (also known as Fair Oaks, May 31 to June 1, 1862), Savage's Station (June 29, 1862), and Malvern Hill (July 1, 1862) before engaging in the battles of Antietam (September 17, 1862), Fredericksburg (December 12–15, 1862), and Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863). On October 1, 1863, he was transferred to the 143rd Company of the 2nd Battalion, U.S. Veteran Reserve Corps (also known as the invalid corps), and was subsequently honorably mustered out.
Returning home to Dauphin County, Hoffman then helped to raise a new regiment, the 208th Pennsylvania Infantry. Re-enrolling for Civil War military service and commissioned as a captain by Pennsylvania Governor Andrew Gregg Curtin in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania on September 7, 1864, he was then placed in charge that same day of Company A of that regiment. His younger brother, Jacob, served under him in Company A.
Attached to the Provisional Brigade, Defenses of Bermuda Hundred, U.S. Army of the James, from September to November 1864, Hoffman and his fellow 208th Pennsylvanians performed fatigue and picket duties in the vicinity of Bermuda Hundred, Virginia as part of the operations related to the Siege of Richmond. Reassigned to the Provisional Brigade, 9th U.S. Army Corps' Army of the Potomac for December of that year, they supported the Union's Weldon Railroad Expedition. Reassigned to the 9th Corps' 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, they then fought in the battles of Dabney's Mill and Hatcher's Run (February 5–7, 1865), Fort Stedman (March 25), and in the Appomattox Campaign (March 28 to April 9).
During the opening days of this latter campaign, Hoffman was detailed, on April 1, as acting engineer officer with the 3rd Division, 9th U.S. Army Corps. The next day, he performed the act of "extraordinary heroism" for which he would later be awarded his nation's highest honor for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor. Interviewed later in life, Hoffman described what happened that day:
During the week that we were stationed at Steadman our division was ordered to capture Lee's works. I was detailed on General Hartranft's staff as engineer officer of the division.
The troops were ordered out in the middle of the night and deployed inside our picket lines. When daylight began to show on the eastern horizon a signal gun was fired. This was the signal for the attack and our troops advanced to the fray. They rushed across the space between the two lines, tore down the obstructions, jumped into the moat from whence they scaled the walls of the fort, capturing four forts with twenty-five guns in a space of five minutes. We also captured a large number of prisoners.
The rebels made a great effort to retake the forts, making numerous charges, but we succeeded in holding them back during the entire day. Sometime during the afternoon I was sent out by General Hartranft to the commanding officer of the second brigade to ascertain if it were possible for him to hold the forts captured.
Just as I came to the forts it happened that my own regiment, the Two Hundred and Eighth was deployed.... When I was but a short distance away I heard the lieutenant-colonel of my regiment call to the men to retreat, and that they were being surrounded. Presently he and the major of the regiment started on the run for the rear, expecting the regiment to follow. I took the situation at a glance and drawing my sword called to the men at the top of my voice, "Don't a man of you run; they can't drive you out of here."
When the line officers discovered that there was some one to take charge of the regiment they immediately rallied the men and kept them in position.
Recognized for his valor that day, Hoffman was promoted by brevet to the rank of major on March 25. Afterward, the 208th Pennsylvania moved on in pursuit of Confederate General-in-Chief Robert E. Lee's army (April 3–9) and, following Lee's surrender to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, was involved in Union Operations at Nottaway Court House (April 9–20), City Point (April 20–28), and Alexandria from late April until mid-May when then regiment headed to Washington, D.C. in order to participate in the Union's Grand Review of the Armies (May 23).
On June 1, 1865, Hoffman was honorably when his regiment was mustered out of service. On August 2, 1865, he was recognized for his service to the nation with a brevet promotion to the rank of lieutenant colonel of volunteers. In response, he penned a thank you note from his home at Port Trevorton.
Post-war life
Following his honorable discharge from the military, Hoffman returned home to Pennsylvania. Less than a month later, on June 27, 1865, he wed Sallie F. Shindel (1843–1890) at Saint John's Lutheran Church near Berrysburg in Lykens Township, Dauphin County. A native of Gratz in Dauphin County, she was a daughter of Solomon Shindel, who had served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1843. Shortly thereafter, Hoffman and his wife welcomed the births of three children: Susan, Mary (also known as "Mamie"), and Elizabeth, who were born, respectively, circa 1866, 1868, and 1876.
By 1890, Hoffman had relocated to Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and was residing in the community of Mount Carmel. That year, he became a widower when his wife, Sallie, passed away in Mount Carmel on April 2, and was laid to rest at the Pomfret Manor Cemetery in Sunbury, Pennsylvania. Nearly a year to the day later, he remarried, taking Helen Delucia Fisk, M.D. (1848–1941) as his second wife in a wedding ceremony which was held on April 5, 1892, in Dansville, New York, where Fisk, a graduate of the New York Medical College, was employed as a physician by the Jackson Sanitarium.
By the turn of the century, Hoffman was working as a bookkeeper for the Meadow Brook Coal Company, and residing with his second wife at the boarding house operated by Margaret Kries and Marion Cantner at 124 Adams Avenue in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
Death and interment
Hoffman died at the age of 65, on April 18, 1905, in Scranton, Pennsylvania. His remains were carried by train from Lackwanna County to Northumberland County via the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, where he was then laid to rest at the Pomfret Manor Cemetery in Sunbury, Pennsylvania. | WIKI |
Page:Thoreau - His Home, Friends and Books (1902).djvu/195
Rh In addition to the original comments, full of tender feeling, Thoreau read quotations from elegies and odes, showing a wide and careful selection. Among the authors cited were Schiller, Wordsworth and Tennyson, with a translation of his own from Tacitus. He also quoted "The Soul's Errand," the poem attributed to Sir Walter Raleigh when awaiting threatened execution; there was especial significance in the last stanza, for Thoreau, with others, had sought permission from the town officers to toll the bell on the day of Brown's death, but the faint-hearted magnates had demurred. Hence, Thoreau italicized with voice the lines:
Thoreau's address in behalf of Brown, after the arrest, was delivered in Concord on Sunday evening, October 30th, and was repeated the following week in Boston, Worcester, and elsewhere. Some friends deprecated this boldness and dreaded lest Thoreau's arraignment of the government might bring him arrest. Little recked he the result,—his duty was to speak and, if possible, awaken public conscience and national courage. His | WIKI |
BRIEF-Ultragenyx Posts Positive Topline Results Of Phase 1/2 Clinical Study Of Investigational Gene Therapy DTX301
March 7 (Reuters) - Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc: * ULTRAGENYX ANNOUNCES POSITIVE TOPLINE RESULTS AND DMC REVIEW FROM FIRST COHORT OF PHASE 1/2 CLINICAL STUDY OF DTX301, AN INVESTIGATIONAL GENE THERAPY IN ORNITHINE TRANSCARBAMYLASE (OTC) DEFICIENCY * ULTRAGENYX PHARMACEUTICAL INC - COHORT 2 PATIENT ENROLLMENT TO BEGIN IN MARCH 2018; DATA EXPECTED IN SECOND HALF OF 2018 * ULTRAGENYX PHARMACEUTICAL INC - UREAGENESIS NORMALIZED IN ONE PATIENT AND FURTHER INCREASED BY 24 WEEKS * ULTRAGENYX - IN DTX301 COHORT 1, AS OF FEB 15, THERE WERE NO INFUSION-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS & NO SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS REPORTED Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
use strict; use warnings; use Data::Dumper; my $arr = [ 10, 7, 5, 10, 50, 70, 75, 72, 79, 80 ]; my $avg; foreach my $i ($#$arr) { $avg = ($i + ($avg ? $avg : $i)) / 2; } print "avg [$avg]\n"; @$arr = sort {$a <=> $b} @$arr; my $store; foreach my $i (0 .. $#$arr) { $store->[$i]{num} = $arr->[$i]; $store->[$i]{thresh} = $avg; foreach my $store_i (0 .. $#$store) { if (abs($arr->[$i] - $store->[$store_i]{num}) <= $store->[$i]{thresh}) { push @{$store->[$i]{group}}, $arr->[$i]; } } } print Dumper($store); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nearly 70 percent of Americans are on at least one prescription drug, and more than half take two, according to Mayo Clinic and Olmsted Medical Center researchers.
Antibiotics, antidepressants and painkilling opioids are the most commonly prescribed and yet do little to nothing in most cases with respect to building health. Shockingly, 20% of patients are on five or more prescription medications.
A Depressingly Drugged System
More children and young adults take daily prescription drugs for health concerns than at any other time in history. Yet the majority of prescription drug users surveyed state that they would rather not be taking medications. An analysis of that data alone would indicate that the spike in legal drug use takes place partly because so many people are unaware of another alternative. In the meantime, people continue to take medications that do not resolve the cause of health issues while enduring the addition of side effects that come from taking pharmaceutical drugs.
Chiropractic is a Drugless System
Chiropractic care ranks as the second largest healthcare profession and the largest drugless healthcare system in the entire world. Efforts led by the American Medical Association to eliminate the Chiropractic profession in the 1980’s actually solidified the profession, resulting in a millions of patients trusting the strength and relevance of Chiropractic more than ever. People look for different approaches to health challenges that offer wellness and preventative strategies fixated on long term care. Chiropractic leads the way in helping families achieve a greater health potential with literally no resultant risks or negative side effects. Chiropractic adjustments to the spine provide results far beyond what medical professionals would have known by society. The science and research lay the foundation for why a Chiropractic adjustment provides more benefits than simple pain relief.
The 4 Most Common Benefits of a Chiropractic Adjustment
Along with pain reduction and an improved range of motion, the four most common benefits from an adjustment include improved breathing, digestion, sleep quality , and energy levels. These benefits tend to surface as a side effect to treatment for the original complaint voiced by a patient first visiting a Chiropractic office. Positive side effects commonly surface for every Chiropractor who performs specific spinal adjustive care. The newest science and research clearly confirms the necessity of spinal adjustive care for anyone with a vertebral subluxation, a condition addressed only by Doctors of Chiropractic.
UC-Care-health-vs.-sicknessResearch from a 2009 medical journal proved that the upper neck houses more direct connections to the central nervous system than almost any other part of the body. A mal-positioned and improperly moving spine prohibits healthy signals from the brain and central nervous system from firing at full capacity. The interruption within the neural communication network leads to cell dys-function, a condition now proven to directly influence hormone and organ health.
These well-known brain and central nervous system control mechanisms help explain why all men, women, and children should receive regular spinal check-ups by a licensed Chiropractor. The assurance of optimum brain to body communication provides peace of mind that comes from knowing optimal health and function are in the right hands.
For the Nerds…
“The intermedius nucleus of the medulla: A potential site for the integration of cervical information and the generation of autonomic responses.” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy November 2009 (38) pp. 166-175.
Authors: Edwards, Ian J., Deuchars, Susan A., Deuchars, Jim.
This white paper discusses the significance of the 2009 study published in the Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy called “The intermedius nucleus of the medulla: A potential site for the integration of cervical information and the generation of autonomic responses.”
This study helps clarify why upper cervical subluxations negatively influence the autonomic nervous system and contribute to visceral and systemic dysfunction. Though the findings may seem rather elementary or non-amusing, they are quite impressive. The findings research like this help explain why Chiropractors have seen results over the past 120 years with almost any disease process known to man, especially upper cervical spinal adjustive care.
Findings were as follows:
• The intermedius nucleus (IMN) is located in the medulla and receives afferent input from the neck
musculature, vestibular nuclei, nucleus tractus solitarius(NTS), and the tongue.
• The NTS plays a direct role in controlling the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastro-intestinal
systems.
• The IMN sends monosynaptic information to the NTS and hypoglossal nucleus.
Outputs from the IMN to the NTS and hypoglossal nucleus suggest a role in coordination of tongue
movements and autonomic responses.
• The authors of this study suggest that the greatest influence of the IMN is to the autonomic circuits
relating to the cardiovascular system.
• Low-threshold stimulation of the nerves entering the C1 and C2 dorsal root ganglion (i.e. an
adjustment) elicit changes in the activity of both sympathetic and respiratory nerves.
Proprioceptive information (from the spine) plays a role in modulating the autonomic nervous
system.
• Neurons in the IMN are under the influence of sensory afferent information arising from the neck
region.
• The IMN receives afferent input from the vestibular nuclei, and the vestibular nuclei receive
monosynaptic (direct) input from the upper cervical spine.
• The IMN plays a role in generation of autonomic responses (breathing, digestion, heart, energy) to
movements of the head, especially since it is monosynaptically(directly) connected to the NTS. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:RoseRhumba/sandbox/Karen Oberlin
Karen Oberlin is an American singer and actor best known for her performances in cabaret and jazz. www.karenoberlin.com
Early Years
Karen Oberlin was born and raised in Syracuse, New York, the youngest of three children. Her parents met at Tanglewood Music Center as members of junior orchestras. Her father was the founding first chair flutist of the Syracuse Symphony Orchestra and her mother is a philosophy professor. She received her BA in English Literature, and went on to complete the two-year program at Circle In the Square Theatre School, and went on to work in theatre, musical theatre and film before being drawn to the art of cabaret by such performers as Susannah McCorkle, Mary Cleere Haran and Barbara Cooke.
Cabaret and Jazz
Oberlin has performed her shows at New York City nightclubs such as the Oak Room at the Algonquin Hotel, the Café Carlyle, Feinstein's/54 Below, Birdland Jazz Club, the Metropolitan Room among others. She has performed at such concert venues as Carnegie Hall, Rose Hall at Jazz at Lincoln Center, Town Hall and Caramoor Center for Music and the Arts. Her touring takes her across the U.S. and overseas annually to London and Paris. Oberlin has four recordings on the Miranda Music label, and has received the Mabel Mercer Foundation's Donald F. Smith Award for Excellence in Cabaret (2013), a New York Nightlife Award for Jazz Vocalist of the Year (2011), two MAC Awards (PUT YEARS HERE), a Back Stage Bistro Award for Vocalist of the Year (PUT YEAR HERE), a Broadway World Critics' Choice Award (2015) and she received an Honorary Doctorate in Music in 2013. | WIKI |
Page:VCH Hertfordshire 1.djvu/271
THE PREHISTORIC PERIOD made to the discoveries near its source in Bedfordshire, 1 but at Har- penden 2 and Wheathampstead, nine or ten miles down the stream, Mr. Worthington Smith has found ochreous flakes of Palaeolithic character. At No Man's Land Common, 3 near the latter place, more conclusive specimens in the shape of ovate implements have been found. Two of these are in the County Museum at St. Albans. The gravels at this spot were in all probability deposited by the river Lea before it took its present course by Wheathampstead. Near Ayot St. Peter* and Welwyn, Mr. Worthington Smith has found flakes only ; but some discoveries at Welwyn will subsequently be mentioned. No further discoveries are recorded within the valley of the Lea until we arrive near Hertford. General Pitt Rivers has a very fine Palaeolithic implement, stated to have been found near Bayford, 8 on the southern side of the river. At Hertford, Bengeo, Ware and Amwell implements of pointed form have been found by Mr. Worthington Smith. 8 He has also obtained them from the gravels at Flamstead End, Cheshunt. 7 A few have also been found at Hoddesdon. His numerous and important discoveries lower down the valley of the Lea, in the counties of Middlesex and Essex, are well known, and need not here be dilated upon. Among the affluents of the Lea, the Beane may first be mentioned. Its present source is near Stevenage. To the north of the town, at Fisher's Green, 8 Palaeolithic implements have been found in brick-earth. Mr. W. Ransom, F.S.A., has specimens also from Ippolitts to the north- west. Others have been found in a brickfield south of Stevenage. 9 In gravels exposed in a cutting of the Great Northern Railway near Kneb- worth 10 and in a clay pipe exposed farther south, near Welwyn tunnel, some well-formed pointed and ovate implements have been found, which were brought to my knowledge by the late Mr. Frank Latchmore. The discoveries at Hitchin will be subsequently mentioned. Mr. R. W. Brabant has a well-formed ovate implement said to have been found in the valley of the Rib near Buntingford. In the valley of the Stort, an important affluent of the Lea, which joins it near 11 Hoddesdon, a few discoveries of Palaeolithic implements have been made. At Stocking Pelham 12 Mr. W. H. Penning, F.G.S., 1 Evans, Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 598 ; Man the Prim. Savage, p. 176. 3 Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 601 ; Man the Prim. Savage, p. 180 ; Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Sac., vol. viii. p. 183, pi. xi. 4, xiii. 7. 6 Man the Prim. Savage, p. 184 ; Journ. Anthrop. Inst., 1879, viii. p. 278 ; Nature, vol. xxiii. p. 604 ; Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 602. 7 Man the Prim. Savage, p. 185. 8 Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 602 ; Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Sac., viii. pi. xi. 3, i. p. Ixi. 9 Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 602 ; Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Sac., viii. pi. xi. 5. 10 Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 602. 11 Op. cit. p. 602 ; Trans. Herts Nat. Hist. Soc., viii. p. 184. 18 Ancient Stone Implements, p. 6oa. 22 7
* Man the Prim. Savage, pp. 90, 1 80 ; Ancient Stone Implements, and ed. p. 60 1.
* Man the Prim. Savage, p. 184. B Archteol., vol. liii. p. 254. | WIKI |
Talk:Istinggar
Needed?
This article seems to merely supply an alternative Indonesian name for the weapon, known in English as an arquebus.
* My question: Is this article really necessary?
* Kortoso (talk) 05:35, 10 March 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Deep Crimson
Deep Crimson (Profundo Carmesí) is a 1996 Mexican crime film directed by Arturo Ripstein, written by Paz Alicia Garciadiego and starring Regina Orozco and Daniel Giménez Cacho. Like The Honeymoon Killers before it, the film is a dramatization of the story of "Lonely Hearts Killers", Raymond Fernandez and Martha Beck, who committed a string of murders of women in the 1940s.
Cast
* Regina Orozco as Coral Fabre
* Daniel Giménez Cacho as Nicolás Estrella
* Sherlyn as Teresa
* Giovani Florido as Carlitos (as Giovanni Florido)
* Fernando Soler Palavicini as Don Dimas (as Fernando Soler P.)
* Patricia Reyes Spíndola as Sra. Ruelas
* Alexandra Vicencio as Imelda (as Alexandra Vincenzio)
* Julieta Egurrola as Juanita Norton
* Marisa Paredes as Irene Gallardo
* Rosa Furman as Sara Silberman
Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 80% based on 10 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 6.6/10.
Awards and honors
The film won eight Ariel Awards, including Best Actor and Best Actress and was nominated for the Golden Ariel. In addition, it was awarded Honorable Mention in the Latin American Cinema category at Sundance and won three Golden Osellas at the Venice Film Festival. It was Mexico's official submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but it failed to earn a nomination. | WIKI |
Idaea dilutaria
Idaea dilutaria, also called the silky wave, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in Europe.
The species has a wingspan of 20–22 mm.Recognizable by its strongly silky gloss, the absence of costal colouration (the costal margin has merely a sparse dusting of dark scales), the unmarked distal margin and fringe.The ground-colour is yellowish-tinted the discal dots are minute and there are no terminal lines.The other lines are generally all of approximately equal expression, sometimes the postmedian a little stronger, sometimes the median of the forewing weak.The underside is similar, the postmedian line often a little stronger, theantemedian and sometimes the median of the forewing obsolete. The males antennal ciliation is short and even.
The adults fly in one generation in July.
The larvae feed on Helianthemum nummularium. | WIKI |
Signs of Approaching Labor
Learn to recognize the telltale signs that baby is coming.
Layland Masuda/Getty Images
Even moms who've been through it before can't always tell when labor is starting. That's because many of the early signs of labor are vague and easily misinterpreted: Are those cramps real contractions, or are they a result of the grande burrito you ate last night? Is that little trickle of fluid your water breaking, or is it just urine leaking because a seven-pound baby is resting on your full bladder?
Labor – like parenting itself – is never completely clear-cut. To help you figure out when you're really ready to head to the hospital, check out these cues.
Signs That Labor is 24 to 48 Hours Away
Just when you think you can't possibly get any bigger and you'll never get off the couch without a crane, you may experience the following symptoms that let you know labor is near. Note that these symptoms don't occur in any particular order, and several may occur within the same day or a few days of each other.
• An increase in vaginal discharge, possibly brownish or pinkish in color.
• "Engagement," or the sensation of the baby dropping lower into your pelvic cavity. The weight of your baby is no longer pressing on your diaphragm, and you may be able to breathe more freely as a result.
• Braxton Hicks contractions or "practice" contractions that feel like a tightening or hardening of the uterus with possible mild cramps.
• Slight weight loss.
• Dull pain low in your back that comes and goes.
• Loose and frequent bowel movements with cramping. "That's the body's way of emptying the bowels so the uterus will contract well," surmises Rochel Lieberman, a Brooklyn, New York, nurse-midwife. "Indigestion and vomiting prior to labor are also possible."
• Sensation of building pressure or cramping in your pelvic/rectal area.
• A feeling of restlessness/increased energy, or marked sense of fatigue. The sense is that you don't want to leave any unfinished business at home. If you do feel a spike in the nesting instinct, "don't knock yourself out," says Barbara Moran, a nurse-midwife in Dunn Loring, Virginia. "You'll need your energy for labor."
• Softening, thinning, or dilation of cervix (as shown by doctor's internal exam).
4 Signs You're Going Into Labor
Your Water Breaks
You've probably had nightmares about this sign of going into labor suddenly happening in the office elevator or at the movies. But only a small minority of women – in one study, as few as 8 percent – report that their sac of amniotic fluid broke before they started having regular contractions. Even if your water does break, you're likely to feel a small leak, not a big gush, because your baby's head often prevents too much fluid from leaking out.
Once the sac has ruptured, it usually means that labor is just around the corner, says Carol J. Grabowski, M.D., chief of staff of the women's division at Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, in California. Eighty percent of women spontaneously go into labor within 12 hours after their water breaks. And those who don't are likely to be induced because the risk of infection increases once the amniotic sac has ruptured.
You Notice a Discharge or “Bloody Show"
During pregnancy, the cervix stays closed and plugged up with mucus. It's nature's way of protecting your baby from infection. But as you progress toward labor, the cervix begins to dilate and soften in preparation for delivery, causing what's accumulated there to dislodge. The mucus, which can measure up to a teaspoonful, is dispelled as either a blob (called the "mucus plug") or a runny smear. This mucous discharge may look brown – from old blood – or pink as the cervix continues to thin and open, causing tiny blood vessels to break along the surface of the cervix and tinge the mucus. After you notice the "bloody show," labor could be hours, days, or even weeks away, Dr. Grabowski says.
You're Having Strong, Regular Contractions
When true labor begins, the contractions start as mild, irregular cramps that become regular and more painful over time. You usually can't feel your baby move during the cramp or contraction. The contractions push the baby's head down, slowly thinning and opening the cervix; this is called effacement and dilation. "Most of the time, you'll feel contractions as a tight band that starts in your back and radiates across the front of your belly," says Kay Johnson, a certified nurse-midwife in Atlanta.
Your Back Really Hurts
If you're like a lot of pregnant women, your back may have been aching for months. But when the pain becomes extremely harsh, this can be a sign that you're experiencing "back labor," which happens to nearly one-third of women. "Normally, a baby descends the birth canal with its face pressed against the mom's spine," Johnson notes. "But in some cases, the baby descends with its skull hitting the mom's spine." The result? "Constant pain that may radiate to the abdomen but is mostly concentrated in the back." Whether you experience true back labor or not, excruciating back pain is a sure signal that you're ready to deliver.
It can be hard to know when those contractions are the real thing. Here are some tips to help you figure out whether you are actually in labor or whether you're experiencing false labor symptoms.
Is It False Labor?
Braxton Hicks contractions – also called “false labor” – are different from the contractions you'll feel in labor:
• They're irregular and will subside after a time.
• They won't increase in strength or frequency.
• They'll subside if you move around.
• You'll feel pain in your lower abdomen, not your lower back.
• Any lower back pain you do feel is not persistent.
“Braxton Hicks contractions rarely get strong or regular, and then they usually go away," says Patricia Devine, M.D., assistant clinical professor of Ob-Gyn at New York-Presbyterian/Columbia Medical Center, in New York City. This may be because practice contractions can be triggered by hunger or dehydration. So eating or drinking something can sometimes quell them.
You can also time true contractions. "When contractions are five to seven minutes apart for at least an hour, with each one just as intense as the last, you're in labor," says Myron Bethel, MD, chief of staff at Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles.
When Should I Go to the Hospital for Labor?
First labors are usually a long process. The earliest pains are known as prodromal, latent, or early labor. This phase can last a day or two, or it can start and then stop. Time your contractions from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next contraction (not to the end). When your contractions are regular and strong, and coming every four to five minutes for one to two hours, you should call your midwife or doctor. (A contraction is considered strong if you can't talk through it.) She will ask you several questions that will determine if it's time to go to the hospital to be examined. Only a vaginal exam can indicate whether your cervix has effaced and dilated. If your cervix is open approximately 4 centimeters (and hopefully effaced), you are in active labor and will be admitted.
If this isn't your first labor, call your doctor when your contractions are 10 to 15 minutes apart. In general, "a second labor tends to be half as long as the first," says Ted Peck, MD, a specialist in high-risk obstetrics at Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, so you have less time to hang out at home. Also consider how quickly your contractions intensified last time. How long did it take you to go from contractions that were 5 minutes apart to the transition phase of labor or to contractions that were only 1-2 minutes apart?
In addition to timing your contractions, consider how far away you are from your birth center or hospital and how dilated your cervix was at your last prenatal visit. You'll also need to consider getting to the hospital sooner if your membranes have ruptured or if you're extremely anxious or in more pain than you think is normal for early labor.
If you are preterm, pregnant with twins or multiples, or have other high-risk conditions, contact your doctor or midwife immediately if you think you might be going into labor. Any pregnant woman who experiences any of the following conditions should also contact her doctor or midwife without delay:
• Rupture of membranes (water breaking)
• Heavy vaginal bleeding
• No movement from baby
• Swelling of the face and hands
• Blurred vision
• Severe headaches
• Dizziness
• Intense stomach/abdominal pain
• Sudden weight gain (more than four pounds in a week)
• Seizures
Sources: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jane Forester, MD
American Baby
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