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A trailer bus is a type of mass transit vehicle that utilizes a semi-truck cab, but has a trailer made into seating for transporting passengers. Combining the flexibility and power of a truck with the comfort of buses, these vehicles were created in Europe nearly a century ago and remained popular for many years. Due to changing transportation needs and safety concerns, only one nation currently uses this form of a bus with any frequency.
The trailer bus was invented in the Netherlands in the 1920s. The bus' creation came out of necessity because conventional buses were being built very long to accommodate passengers, but frequently got stuck. When lengthy buses went over humped bridges, the central sections would grind against the road, stranding the bus. Trailer buses were put into production when it was discovered the independent passenger compartment provided more clearance space and did not catch on bridges.
The design was based on the articulated trailer, which was a type of bus that fused two cabin compartments together to create a single bus, much like how train cars were connected. This new bus had a semi-truck engine and cab, like the kind used to haul tractor trailers full of goods in the shipping industry. The rear was a converted trailer, outfitted to look and feel just like the cabin of a bus, but with the trailer connected at the truck's hitch.
For 50 years, from the 1930s to the 1980s, the trailer bus design was seen in use in many metropolitan areas. The trailer bus' cost benefits were one of the biggest reasons for its popularity. For example, on a traditional bus, if the engine breaks down, that bus would be inoperable until repairs were made. Likewise, if a bus' cabin grew outdated or also broke, the entire bus might need to be disposed of. The trailer bus, with its interchangeable parts, provided an efficient way to keep fleets of mass transit vehicles on the road.
During the 1980s, this form of transportation fell out of favor for many reasons. Chief among them was the improving quality of traditional bus designs. Safety concerns, however, also prompted this change, including worries about the trailer disconnections and the lengthy bus' inability to navigate tight turns. Havana, Cuba is currently the only major metropolitan area still known to use trailer buses for public transportation. | FINEWEB-EDU |
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Variance reduction trends on ‘boosted’ classifiers. (English) Zbl 1213.62109
Summary: Ensemble classification techniques such as bagging, [L. Breiman, Mach. Learn. 24, No. 2, 123–140 (1996; Zbl 0858.68080)], boosting [Y. Freund and R. E. Schapire [J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 55, No. 1, 119–139 (1997; Zbl 0880.68103)] and arcing algorithms L. Breiman [Ann. Stat. 26, No. 3, 801–849 (1998; Zbl 0934.62064)] have received much attention in recent literature. Such techniques have been shown to lead to reduced classification error on unseen cases. Even when the ensemble is trained well beyond zero training set error, the ensemble continues to exhibit improved classification errors on unseen cases. Despite many studies and conjectures, the reasons behind this improved performance and understanding of the underlying probabilistic structures remain open and challenging problems. More recently, diagnostics such as edge and margin [R.E. Schapire and Y. Singer, Mach. Learn. 37, No. 3, 297–336 (1999; Zbl 0945.68194)] have been used to explain the improvements made when ensemble classifiers are built. This paper presents some interesting results from an empirical study performed on a set of representative data sets using the decision tree learner C4.5. An exponential-like decay in the variance of the edge is observed as the number of boosting trials is increased. i.e., boosting appears to ‘homogenise’ the edge. Some initial theory is presented which indicates that a lack of correlation between the errors of individual classifiers is a key factor in this variance reduction.
MSC:
62H30 Classification and discrimination; cluster analysis (statistical aspects)
Software:
C4.5
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Full Text: DOI EuDML | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CITY OF NEWPORT NEWS v. POTTER.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.
May 5, 1903.)
No. 472.
1. Municipal Corporations — Action on Contract — Defense of Ultra Vires.
In an action against a city on a contract by which plaintiff was employed to superintend' the construction of a sewer, the declaration need not allege that the city had power to make the contract, which will be presumed, as well as that such authority was properly exercised; the contract being on its face valid and within the scope of the general powers of the city.
,2. Declaration in Assumpsit — Sufficiency under Virginia Code.
Under Code Va. 1887, § 3272, which provides that on demurrer the court shall not regard any defect or imperfection in a declaration unless there be omitted something so essential to the action that judgment according to law and the very right of the cause cannot be given, a common count of indebitatus for services rendered, in a declaration in assumpsit, is not subject to demurrer because of the omission of the usual allegation of a promise to pay.
3. Contract — Action by One not a Party — Virginia Statute.
Under Code Va. 1887, § 2415, which provides that, if a covenant or promise be made for the sole benefit of a person with whom it is not made, such person may maintain an action thereon in his own name, where a contract with a city for the construction of a sewer required the city to deduct from the amount due the contractor a specified sum. for each day’s delay in the completion of the work beyond a time specified, and to pay such sum to the engineer employed by the city to superintend the work, the engineer may maintain an action on such covenant in his own name.
4 Assumpsit — Evidence.
Under a count in indebitatus assumpsit for services rendered, evidence is admissible to prove the value of such services.
5. Contracts — Construction.
Provisions of an ordinance construed in relation to the right to compensation of an engineer, who was thereby directed to take charge of the completion of a sewerage system after its abandonment by the contractor.
6. Same — Entirety.
An engineer employed by contract- with a city to supervise and inspect the work of a contractor in constructing a sewer system, who, after the abandonment of the work by the contractor, was directed by a resolution of the city council to take charge of the completion of the same, may maintain an action to recover for the services so rendered on a quantum meruit, and his right to recover is not precluded by the fact that he may have failed to perform some of the duties required by his prior contract.
7. Evidence — Proof of Indebtedness — Payment Made in Compromise.
Evidence of a compromise and settlement between a city and a contractor, which has been executed and under which the city paid a sum to the contractor for work done under the contract, is admissible in evidence against the city in an action by a third person to establish the fact and amount of the city’s indebtedness to the contractor.
8. Municipal Corporations — Power to Contract — Implied Obligations.
A provision of a city charter that “all contracts for the erection and construction of public improvements shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder” has no application to the employment of an engineer to supervise the work of a contractor or to repair and complete work only partially completed by the contractor, where such work is done at the contractor’s expense, and the city may obligate itself by implication to pay for the services so rendered.
V 1. See Municipal Corporations, vol. 36, Cent. Dig. §§ 910, 2203, 2206.
9. Same — Validity of Contract for Public Work — Notice to Bidders.
A provision of a city charter that contracts for public improvements shall be let to the lowest'bidder, and that “notice shall be given thirty days before the work is finally let by advertisement in one or more newspapers,” does not render a contract invalid because only 29 days intervened between the date of the first notice and the opening of the bids, where the contract was not let until some weeks later, nor does it require the notice to be published daily during the 30 days, a single publication being sufficient.
10. Same — Waiver of Conditions.
A modification of a contract by a city, or a waiver of conditions therein, found to be prejudicial to its interests, may be made by implication.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Norfolk.
R. G. Bickford and J. A. Masv.e, for plaintiff in error.
O. D. Batchelor and W. R. ferkins, for defendant in error.
Before GOFF and SIMONTON, Circuit Judges, and McDOWEEE, District Judge.
McDOWELL, District Judge.
This is an action of assumpsit brought in the Circuit Court for the Eastern District of Virginia by Alexander Potter, a citizen of New York, against the city of Newport News. There was a verdict and judgment for $4,000 and costs in favor of the plaintiff below. The case is brought here by the city on writ of error. In March, 1898, bids were invited by the city for the construction of a s§wer system, the plans and specifications for which had been previously prepared by Mr. Potter, and on June 23, 1898, the city council by resolution awarded the contract to the lowest bidders, M. Honan & Sons. On June 25th a written contract, which had been drafted by' Potter, was signed by Honan & Sons, and was executed under its seal by the city. Clauses 10 and 23 of this contract, which will be called the Honan contract, must be here set out for a proper understanding of some of the controverted questions in this case.
“Clause 10. In case of any unnecessary or inexcusable delay in the general conduct of the work, the engineer will notify the contractor in writing to that effect. If the contractor should not, in five days thereafter, take such measures as will, in the judgment of the engineer, insure the satisfactory completion of the work in the specified time, the engineer may then, by and with the consent of the council, notify the aforesaid contractor to discontinue all work under this contract, and it is hereby agreed that the contractor is to immediately respect said notice and stop work. The engineer shall thereupon have the power to take such and as many persons as he may deem advisable, by contract or otherwise, to work at and complete the work herein described, and to use such materials as he may find upon the line of said work, or to procure other materials for the completion of the same, and to charge the expense of said labor and the material to the aforesaid contractor, and the expense so charged shall be deducted and paid to the parties of the first part out of such moneys as may then be due to the said contractor under and by virtue of this agreement, or any part thereof; and in case such expense is less than the sum .which would have been payable under this contract if the same had been completed by the party of the second part, the contractor shall be entitled to receive the difference. If the expense is greater, then the bondsman will be called upon to make good the difference.”
“Clause 23. Construction work must begin as soon as practicable and all of the work enumerated in this contract and specifications shall be' entirely completed and ready for acceptance on or before the first day of December, 1898. And it is distinctly understood that the time specified for the completion of said work is of the essence of this contract, and said contractor shall not be entitled to claim performance of this contract unless the work is entirely completed in every respect on or before the date specified. If the contractor is permitted to finish the work there shall be deducted from money due the party of the second part the sum of twenty-five (25) dollars per day for each and every day’s delay in the completion beyond the time set in this contract for engineering and inspection, which amount shall be paid to the engineer. And the said party of the first part agrees to pay to the party of the second part an equal per diem amount for each and every day the work is completed before the date set for completion to be paid by the engineer.”
On June 27, 1898, a written contract, the terms of which had in the main been previously agreed on, between Potter and the city was executed. By this contract Potter agreed to supervise and superintend the construction of the sewer system, and to provide at his own expense such engineers, inspectors, and other employés as might be necessary to secure compliance by the contractor with the plans and specifications. He was also to give to the work so much of his own time and talents as might be needed to thoroughly protect the interests of the city, and to see that the work of the contractors was done in a complete and satisfactory, manner. For such services the city agreed to pay Potter per cent, of whatever sums might become due to Honan & Sons, to be paid as installments became payable to the contractors.
Early in the progress of the work it was unexpectedly found that the pipe lines in many places passed through quicksand. This so much increased the difficulties and cost of the work that Honan & Sons, after some months of effort, ceased to attempt a compliance with their contract, and on January 24, 1899, abandoned the still incomplete work. Under clause 10 of the contract, notice having been given without effect, the council by resolution of February 4, 1899, formally ordered Honan & Sons to cease work. When Honan & Sons made the contract with the city they gave a bond for $40,000, conditioned on compliance with the contract. The surety on this bond had been indemnified by a counter bond made by the Delaware County Trust, Safe Deposit & Title Insurance Company, and to this company — to be hereafter called the Delaware Company — Honan & Sons assigned their contract with the city. On February 8, 1899, the Delaware Company proposed that it would take up and finish the contract of Honan & Sons. By resolution of March 8, 1899, this proposition, with some additions to be hereafter mentioned, was accepted. The Delaware Company took up the work on or very shortly after March 8th, and continued at it until October 3, 1S99, when it ceased work, leaving the system in an unsatisfactory condition. The city paid the Delaware Company in installments until July 1, 1899, but refused to pay for the work done between July 1 and October 3, 1899, and it was not until a compromise was effected between the company and the city, in December, 1900, that any payment was made to the company for this part of the work.
On November 9, 1899, a resolution was adopted, which, in so far as is now material, reads as follows:
“Whereas, the Delaware County Trust, Safe Deposit and Title Insurance Company failed to construct, clean, and' repair the sewer system of this city, in accordance with the provisions of its contract with said city, within the time limited hy said contract; and whereas, the said company has, since the expiration of its time limit, stopped work on the said sewers, and has done no work under the said contract or in the construction, cleaning, and completing the said sewers thereunder, since the 3d day of October, 1899; and whereas, the said company did, on the 3d day of October, 1899, notify the council that it had or intended to abandon its contract and to cease said work; and whereas, the said company was notified on the 19th day of October, 1899, that its work had been and was being unnecessarily and inexcusably delayed, and to take such measures as would insure the satisfactory construction, cleaning, and completion of said work under its contract; and whereas, no measures of the kind required have been taken, and the said company has no apparent design of performing its said contract, and of constructing, cleaning, and completing the sewers in accordance therewith; and whereas, the said sewers have not been sufficiently and satisfactorily constructed, and those that are built are partially filled with sand and other obstructions, and are totally unfit for service as sanitary sewers, and in their present condition useless for that purpose: * * * (1) Be it ordained by the common council of the city of Newport News that Alexander Potter, the engineer who has been supervising the construction of the said sewers, be, and he is hereby, authorized, empowered, and directed to take up and continue the work under the provisions of the aforesaid contract, and to construct such sewers as the said contract provided for, which remain unconstructed, and to remove all obstructions from and thoroughly cleanse and repair all of the said sewers which have been or may be constructed under the provisions of the said contract, so that the said sewers may be made into a serviceable and first-class system of sanitary sewers, as contemplated and provided in the aforesaid contract, and to properly place sewer pipe wherever the same may have been left out in the work of construction. The work shall be done under the supervision of the special committee on sewers of this council; that the said Alexander Potter be, and he is hereby, in order to properly perform the said work, authorized and empowered, by and with the advice and consent of the said special committee on sewers, to employ such laborers, mechanics, and foremen as may be necessary to satisfactorily and expeditiously carry out the object of this ordinance. * * * (4) That Alexander Potter, the engineer, shall not receive, by reason of the passage of this ordinance or for any work done hereunder, any compensation in addition to what he may be entitled to under his contract with the city for superintending the sewer construction work in this city.”
Potter was paid the &/¿ per cent, on all sums paid the contractor prior to November 9, 1899, and had received practically all of these payments before that date. Honan & Sons paid him the $25 per day for the time they continued at work after December 1, 1898, and the Delaware Company paid him the same per diem until July 1, 1899. This action was brought to recover $8,150, being the $25 per day from July 1, 1899, to July 16, 1900, at which time Potter had been ordered by the city to stop work. The first count of the amended declaration is based on the theory of an express contract right on the part of Potter to have $25 per day for the services of himself and his employes. The second and third counts — there are but three counts — read as follows:
“And for this also, to wit, that the defendant is indebted to plaintiff in the sum of $8,150, with interest thereon from the 16th day of July, 1900, for other money by the said defendant, before that time, had and received to and for the use of said plaintiff, which sum the defendant then and there faithfully promised to pay to plaintiff when it, the defendant, should be thereunto after-wards requested.
“And for this also, to wit, that the. defendant is indebted to the plaintiff in the sum of $8,150.00, with interest thereon from the 16th day of July, 1900, for services rendered the defendant by the plaintiff at the special instance and request of the defendant.”
The city demurred to the amended declaration, and to each count, and filed written grounds of demurrer. The demurrer was overruled. Thereupon the city filed a plea of non assumpsit and several special pleas, on which issue was joined, raising several of the points to be hereinafter considered. The first assignments of error are based on the action of the trial court in overruling the demurrer.
The first ground of demurrer is that the declaration does not in any count allege that the city “had authority to make the contract or incur indebtedness.” In 14 Ency. Pl. & Pr. p. 243, it is said: “When a municipal corporation seeks to avoid its contract on the ground of its want of power to contract, and the contract is not upon its face necessarily beyond the scope of its authority, its authority to make such contract will be presumed, and in an action on the contract the defense of ultra vires must be both pleaded and proved.” See, also, 5 Ency. Pl. & Pr. pp. 95, 96; 1 Dill. Munic. Corps. (4th Ed.) § 457; 4 Thomp. Corps. § 5644; Green’s Brice, Ultra Vires, p. 37. Certainly a contract for supervising the construction of a city sewer is not upon its face necessarily beyond the scope of the city’s authority. This ground of demurrer was not well taken.
The second ground of demurrer is that it is not alleged that “the said contract was let and concluded as prescribed by the city charter.” Without mentioning other reasons why this ground of demurrer is bad, it is sufficient to say that the authorities above cited fully sustain the action of the trial court in this respect. ’
The third ground of demurrer is “that the said declaration does not, nor does any count thereof, contain any allegation sufficiently certain that the defendant promised to pay plaintiff the sum declared for in said declaration.” In the first and second counts the allegation of the promise to pay is made. This ground therefore relates only to the third count, which is the common count of indebitatus for services rendered, omitting the usual allegation of a promise to pay. Under the strict rule of the common law, this allegation is necessary. 1 Chitty, Pl. (16th Am. Ed.) pp. 392, 394; 4 Minor’s Insts. (3d. Ed.) p. 697; Cooke v. Simms, 2 Call. 39; Winston v. Francisco. 2 Wash. (Va.) 188; Sexton v. Holmes, 3 Munf. 566; Wooddy v. Flournoy, 6 Munf. 506. But contra, Andrews’ Stephens, Pl., note, pp. 110, 111. However, section 3272, Code Va. 1887, reads:
“On a demurrer * * * the court shall not regard any defect or Imperfection in the declaration or pleadings, whether it has been heretofore deemed mispleading or insufficient pleading or not, unless there be omitted something so essential to the action or defence, that judgment according to law and the very right of the cause, can not be given. * * *”
This statute, taken from 27 Eliz. c. 5, first appeared in the Code of 1819 (1 Rev. Code 1819, p. 511, c. 128, § 101), subsequent to the institution of the cause of Wooddy v. Flournoy, supra. Our attention has not been called to, nor have we found, any Virginia case decided since this statute was enacted which holds that a promise to pay must be alleged in the common count of indebitatus assumpsit.
When the plaintiff alleges that the defendant is indebted to him for services rendered at the request of the. defendant he has said enough to imply a promise by the defendant to pay for the services. The common-law rule requiring that a promise, not expressly made but implied by law, must be averred, is so highly technical that we cannot, having in view the statute above quoted, hold that the trial court committed error in refusing to sustain the demurrer on this ground.
The grounds of demurrer numbered 4 and 5, being assignments of error of the same numbers, have been abandoned, as have also assignments numbered 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, and 33. Assignments 7 and 12 we consider of insufficient merit to warrant discussion.
The sixth ground of demurrer — being the sixth assignment of error — is based on the idea that as Potter was not a party to the Honan contract he cannot base a right of action thereon. The first count in the declaration sets out clause 23 of the Honan contract; alleges that the city permitted Honan & Sons to finish the work; and that in pursuance of such permission Honan & Sons, their assigns, and those acting for them and at their risk, continued the work until July 16, 1900. In this count the contract between the city and Potter is also referred to as showing the nature of the services to be rendered by Potter. By section 2415, Code Va. 1887, it is provided:
“When Person not Named a Party, or Named Jointly with Others,- May Take or Sue under Instrument. — An immediate- estate or interest in or the benefit of a condition respecting any estate may be taken by a person under -an instrument, although he be not a party thereto; and if a covenant or promise be made for the sole benefit of a person with whom it is not made, -or with whom it is made jointly with others, such person may maintain in his -own name any action thereon, which he might maintain in case it had been made with him only, and the consideration had moved from him to the party making such covenant or promise.”
It is urged upon us that this statute does not give Potter the right to base an action on clause 23 of the Honan contract. It is said that the covenant in that clause is not solely for Potter’s benefit, but partly for the benefit of the city, and that the benefit to Potter is only incidental. We think the statute was enacted for a double purpose. One was to change the rule of the common law that one not a party to a deed inter partes could not sue for a breach of a covenant therein made for his benefit. The other purpose was to change the common-law rule that a suit for breach of a covenant made with two persons for the benefit of one of them must be jointly brought by both the covenantees. Hence the words “sole benefit” in the statute are not to be construed as relating to the covenantor, but as relating to the other joint covenantee. The covenant in clause 23 was certainly not made for the benefit of Honan & Sons. As between them and Potter, the covenants for the sole benefit of the latter. It follows that it is immaterial whether or not the covenant was intended to benefit the city, and it is also immaterial whether it was intended primarily or incidentally to benefit Potter. But as the question has been raised we may say that we regard clause 23 as having been intended primarily to compensate Potter in case of delay in completion of the work beyond the contract period, and was intended to be of benefit to the city only incidentally, in that it penalized delay by the contractor. See 1 Chitty, Pl. 4, 5; 3 Rob. (New) Pr. 16-23; Ross v. Milne, 12 Heigh, 209, 37 Am. Dec. 646; Jones v. Thomas, 21 Grat. 96; Clemmitt v. Ins. Co., 76 Va. 360. In this connection, as explaining the anomaly of an, action of assumpsit on a sealed instrument, it is to be noted that by a recent Virginia statute it is provided that assumpsit may be maintained in any case in which an action of covenant will lie. Acts 1897-98, p. 103, c. 96.
The tenth assignment of error is based on the action of the trial court in allowing the Honan contract to be read in evidence. The sole ground of objection is the one just considered under the sixth assignment, that as Potter was not a party to the contract he could not sue on it. The contract was properly admitted as proving the express contract relied on in the first count. It was also admissible as tending to prove the value put on Potter’s services by the city, which, as will be shown later, was a question properly submitted to the jury.
We defer examination of the eleventh assignment, as requested by counsel, until we reach the twenty-sixth assignment.
The fifteenth assignment questions the propriety of the action of the trial court in allowing the following question to be asked, and answered by Potter: “What do you consider the value of your services per day from July 1, 1899, to July 16, 1900?” The sole ground of objection is that there is no count in the declaration under which this evidence is admissible, as the third count is bad for want of an allegation of a promise to pay. We have sufficiently considered this objection to the third count. It is true that the third count is not technically a quantum meruit count. But the use of the technical quantum meruit has been abandoned in practice (4 Minor’s Insts. 700; 2 Ency. Pl. & Pr. 1002), because under the indebitatus count for work done, etc. — which the third count is — evidence of the value of the services rendered is admissible, and there is no necessity for the use of the quantum meruit, strictly so called. “In an action of indebitatus assumpsit, the plaintiff may prove that the work was done at the defendant’s request, and the value of it.” B. & O. R. Co. v. Polly, 14 Grat. 455.
The instructions given the jury are as follows: ■
“That the right of the plaintiff to recover in this case Is limited to such services as were performed by him between the period commencing on the 1st day of July, 1899, and ending on the 16th day of July, 1900; and that the said plaintiff is entitled to recover such amount as his services were reasonably worth for the work performed by him during the said period, such recovery, however, not to exceed the rate of twenty-five dollars ($25.00) per secular day.
“And they are further charged that, if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiff failed to perform his duty as such engineer, then they may make such deduction on account of such failure as to them may seem right and proper under all the circumstances.
“And they are further charged that, if they believe the plaintiff failed to discharge any particular duty by and with the acquiescence and consent of the defendant, such failure should not be charged against him.
* “And they are further charged that if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiff, without the consent and' acquiescence of the defendant, permitted the contractor to deviate from the contract, or that the plaintiff without such consent and acquiescence did not provide for a sufficient inspection of the said work and material, and that such deviation from the contract, and failure to provide for inspection, was a careless and negligent performance of the duties imposed upon the plaintiff, and that as a result thereof the sewer system of the said city was improperly constructed, and is a source of continual expense to the city, then they should consider such negligence, and the injury to the city therefrom, in arriving at their verdict.
“They are further instructed and charged that the mere circumstances of the city’s retention of the plaintiff in its employ does not, of itself, establish acquiescence on its part in any particular method of the discharge of his duties in the premises.”
We may here consider the nature of Potter’s right of recovery. We do not find in either of the contracts of June 25 and June 27, 1898, any express contract right on the part of Potter to the per diem, except in the event that the work was protracted later than December 1, 1898, and in the event that the contractor was permitted to continue at the work. For the period from July 1 to November 9, 1899, Potter’s right of recovery should, we think, have been based on the express contract right given him by clause 23 of the Honan contract. But we do not perceive that the view taken by the trial court — basing Potter’s right of recovery on the value of his services— as to this period was prejudicial to the city. The contract provided that the city should deduct from the contractor and pay to Potter $25 per day. The evidence offered of the value of his services put $25 per day as the value. The court instructed that he might recover the value of his services, subject to all proper deductions, not exceeding $25 per day. Certainly the city cannot complain of this.
The question now arises as to the propriety of the instructions in so far as they allowed a recovery based on an implied contract that the city should pay Potter the value of his services for the period from November 9, 1899, to July 16, 1900. Inasmuch as the services were performed, were of value to the city, and as the benefit thereof was accepted by the city, we can conceive of no reason why Potter should not have recovered therefor, unless it be that one or both of the following contentions made by the city are sound: (1) That the written contract of June 27, 1898, between Potter and the city is his only ground of recovery, and excludes a right of recovery based on an implied contract; and (2) that clause 4 of the resolution of November 9, 1899, prevents any recovery for services rendered after that date.
The written contract of June 27, 1898, is not, as we think, the (express) contract sued on. It merely specifies the services to be performed by the engineer. The intent of the parties, as gathered from both this contract and the Honan contract, was that the city should pay the engineer a sum equal to 6}4 per cent, of the contract price of the system for services which it was anticipated would extend over the period from July I to December i, 1898. If the contractor accomplished the work in less time-, the city was to deduct from the amount that would otherwise have been paid to the engineer $25 for each day short of the contract period and pay it to the contractor. If the contractor did not finish within contract time, and was permitted to continue the work, the city was to deduct from the sums that would be otherwise payable to the contractor $25 for each day beyond the contract period, and pay these sums to the engineer. In other words, the contract of June 27th does not provide for, or relate to, services performed after December x, 1898, further than to specify the nature of the duties to be performed by Mr. Potter in supervising and inspecting the work.
The contention that clause 4 of the resolution of November 9, 1899, prevents any recovery for services rendered thereafter, does not strike us as sound. The testimony was that the percentage on the sums to be paid to the contractors provided for by the contract of June 27, 1898, had practically all been paid to Potter before the passage of this resolution. We cannot conceive that the council intended by this resolution that the engineer should for an indefinite period (which in fact extended for about eight months) continue to give his own time and skill and that of assistants employed at his expense without adequate compensation. The period for which he was to give the services of himself and his assistants for the percentage alone had long since passed. Previous to the date of this resolution the duties of the engineer and his employés were merely to inspect and supervise the work of the contractors. Under this resolution the engineer had the additional duty of employing laborers, and, in effect, of executing, instead of merely supervising, the Work. In view of the disappointments suffered by the city, it was not unreasonable for the council to suppose that Mr. Potter would be willing to assume some increase of labor and responsibility without additional compensation. And it was, we think, the sole intent of clause 4 to prevent any claim by Potter for compensation in excess of $25 per day. The language in that clause — “his contract with the city”— should be construed as referring to his supposed rights under clause 23 of the Honan contract. He had ever since December 1, 1898, been receiving the per diem as well as the percentage. That the city intended that Potter should continue to work, and should increase his labors, for the slender compensation of 6)4 per cent, of such sums as might thereafter be paid mainly for labor in repairing and cleaning the sewers, is not reasonable on its face, and becomes very unreasonable when we recall that all the expenses to be incurred under this resolution were to be charged to the Delaware Company. In other words, the city had neither the right to expect Potter to relinquish his claim to the per diem, nor any great interest in asking him to do so. When the city first employed Mr. Potter it agreed to pay for services expected to extend from July I to December I, 1898, per cent of $75,906.75 — a rate of over $32 per day. In the resolution of November 9, 1899, the sum of $5,000 was appropriated to cover the cost of the work contemplated by that resolution. The time actually used by Mr. Potter for this work, until he was ordered by the city to leave it still unfinished, was about eight months. Unless the council contemplated that the work would be finished within 10 or 12 days — and we know from the evidence that the council had no such idea — we cannot, with any show of reason or justice, give to clause 4 the construction now contended for by the city.
The contention that there was no competent evidence that money became due to the contractor will be' discussed more appropriately in another connection.
Assignment 22 will be considered later.
Assignment 24 is to the action of the trial court in refusing to give the following instruction:
“The court Instructs the jury if they believe from the evidence that the plaintiff never performed the duties of inspection required of him in his contract with the city, he is not entitled to recover in this action.”
We do not perceive any error in the action of the court below in refusing the instruction. As we view the case, there was no express contract covering all of the services sued for. We have heretofore expressed the opinion that the third count in the declaration is good. The doctrine of entire contracts does not seem to us to be at all applicable here. 3 Minor’s Insts. 331, 332; 3 Am. & Eng. Ency. 916 et seq.; Burdine v. Burdine, 98 Va. 515, 36 S. E. 992, 81 Am. St. Rep. 741; Matthews v. Jenkins, 80 Va. 463.
Assignment 25 is based on the refusal of the trial court to give;the following instruction:
“The court instructs the jury that the provisions in the contract between M. Honan & Sons and the city of'Newport News for the deduction of the sum of $25 per day to be paid to the engineer gives no right to the plaintiff in this case, and he is not entitled to recover thereon.”
Inasmuch as the court below by the instructions given the jury based the plaintiff’s right of recovery solely on the third count in the declaration, it is difficult to perceive how the city was prejudiced by the refusal to give this instruction. The instructions actually given in effect directed the jury that they could not find for the plaintiff on the theory that clause 23 of the Honan contract gave him a right to the per diem.
It is in this connection contended that no money became due to Honan & Sons. The resolution of March 8, 1899, in response to a proposal by the Delaware Company that it be allowed to “take up añd finish” the Honan contract, provided that the said company be given the right “to finish * * * the sewerage system * * * under the contract of June 25, ■ 1898, • * * * according to the terms thereof.” The commencement of work by the company to “be construed to be an assumption of all the provisions of said contract.” This resolution provided' an additional penalty in case the Delaware Company failed to complete the work within a specified period, büt it did not expressly or impliedly abrogate clause 23 of the Honan contract. For the period from July i, 1899, until the resolution of, November 9, 1899, went into effect, it is, we think, essential to Potter’s right of recovery that money become due from the city to the contractor. In so far as it may be said that money did not become due to Honan & Sons, this contention is a mere verbal quibble, if money became due to the Delaware Company. This company was Honan’s successor,' and stood in Honan’s shoes. That a large amount of money became due to the Delaware Company was conclusively shown by the evidence of the compromise made in December, 1900. Under this compromise the city paid the Delaware Company $25,333. Evidence of this compromise was objected to by the city — this being the eleventh assignment of error — but we think the court below properly admitted it. The doctrine that offers of compromise are inadmissible is not applicable here. The compromise had been executed prior to this trial, and it was not a compromise to which Potter was a party. The authorities, cited in the brief of counsel for the city do not seem to us to support their contention.
Assignment 26 is based on the refusal of the trial court to instruct the jury that the plaintiff could not- recover on the second count in the declaration, for money had and received. We think it unnecessary to determine the propriety of an instruction that the plaintiff could recover under the second count. It is sufficient to say that the trial court in effect instructed as was here asked by the city, and no error prejudicial to the city can be here found.
Assignments 27 and 34 are based on the action of the court below in refusing an instruction that the plaintiff could not recover on the third count, and in giving the instructions that were given. We have sufficiently explained our reasons for approving the action of the trial court in this respect. While that court did not adopt the view that Potter’s right of recovery for services rendered from July 1 to November 9, 1889, was an express contract right, and based his right solely on the value of his services, the city was not prejudiced thereby.
In this connection it is urged that the city could not render itself liable on an implied contract. Counsel rely on the clause in the city’s charter reading: “All contracts for the erection and construction of public improvements shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder. * * *” If the city had desired the services of a counsellor at law concerning some contemplated public miprovements, it would not be seriously contended that the lowest responsible bidder must have been employed. And it seems to us that the' services of a consulting and supervising engineer are in the same category as those of a legal adviser. Moreover, the implied contract between Potter and the city, under the resolution of November 9th, was that he should be paid for his services in connection with completing, cleaning, and repairing the partially completed work. And this was to be done at the expense of a contractor to whom, in effect, the erection and construction of the system had been, as will be shown hereinafter, duly let after advertisement and competitive bidding. We do not think the provision of the charter' referred to is applicable to this state of facts.
We should here consider the question of ultra vires so pressed by-counsel for the city, and made the basis of numerous assignments-of errors. The clause of the city charter above quoted continues as follows: “And notice shall be given thirty days before the work is-finally let, by advertisement in one or more newspapers.” The advertisement preceding the contract with Honan first appeared on March 2, 1898, and was published only in weekly newspapers. It announced, that bids would be received on March 31, 1898, and that the specifications would be ready for examination on March 15, 1898. The contract was not “finally let” to Honan until late in June, 1898. The charter does not require that notice shall be given 30 days before-the bids are made, but 30 days before the work is finally let. Nor can we read the charter as requiring that the advertisement be published on each of the 30 days. “Notice shall be given thirty days before 'he work is finally let in one or more newspapers.” We-think a single insertion would suffice under this requirement, and in-fact numerous insertions were made in each of several newspapers. See Turnpike Co. v. Ward, 13 Ohio, 120, 42 Am. Dec. 191; Craig v. Fox, 16 Ohio, 563; Andrews v. Railroad, 14 Ind. 169; Woodward v. Collett (Ky.) 48 S. W. 164; Weld v. Rees, 48 Ill. 428; Jenkins v. Pierce, 98 Ill. 646. The fact that the specifications -were not exhibited prior to March 15, 1898, does not seem to require an extended discussion. The charter does not contain any express provision on the subject; its implied requirement is merely that specifications be provided a reasonable time in advance of the bidding. And the time allowed in this instance seems to us sufficient.
In view of what we have heretofore said, we see no necessity for-discussing the 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st assignments. The trial court committed no error in refusing these instructions.
The 32d, 35th, and 36th assignments are based upon the refusal of the court to charge that any failure by Potter as to inspection should be considered and deducted for, although the council knew of such-failures, and upon the giving by the court of the instruction above-quoted touching this feature of the case. The charge of a failure by Potter to perform his duties was based chiefly on the fact that for a considerable time while Honan was at work Potter had no inspectors on duty. This fact came to the attention of the council, and because of it he was summoned to appear before that body to-show cause why he should not be dismissed. He appeared- before the council, and must have satisfied the members that his action was-justifiable. The council did not dismiss him. It took no affirmative-action at all. In the language of the mayor, Potter “talked them all down.” Under the evidence, we think that the city was not prejudiced' by the refusal to instruct as it requested, as the instructions given fairly and fully covered every phase of the evidence. The action of the council, acquiescing in the engineer’s view, that it was to the interest of the city at that juncture to make no inspection of Honan’swork, was not a rescission, but at most a mere modification, of the contract between them. A modification of a contract, or a waiver of conditions in a contract found to be prejudicial to its interests, can be-•made by a municipal corporation by implication. 1 Dill. Mun. Corp. (4th Ed.) § 451; Messenger v. Buffalo, 21 N. Y. 199; Randolph County v. Post, 93 U. S. 502, 23 L. Ed. 957.
The 34th, 35th, 36th, and 37th assignments have been sufficiently discussed heretofore. The 38th assignment — because the court refused to set aside the verdict, or, in other words, because the motion for a new trial was overruled — is not' reviewable here. 2 Foster’s Fed. Pr. (2d Ed.) § 376; Prichard v. Budd, 22 C. C. A. 504, 76 Fed. 710.
Assignment 22 is that the court erred in overruling the motion made by defendant at the close of the testimony and before the charge. We have not found in the record what this motion was or that an exception was taken. However, if we go to the brief to learn that the motion was that the jury be directed to find a verdict for the defendant, every reason urged in support of this assignment of error has already been considered, and our approval of the action of the trial court has been expressed.
Affirmed. | CASELAW |
How to remove a dialer
by Ugnius Kiguolis - - Updated | Type: Dialers
A dialer (fraudulent version) is a program that uses computer’s modem to establish a dialup connection over the Internet and make the money from calls. A connection is made by dialing a predetermined phone number and connecting to an international or premium rate local phone numbers. Dialers are capable of making an unauthorized connection and bypassing the local Internet service provider. After performing these activities, victims lose the money by receiving increased phone bills.
The most of dialers are malicious programs that work in the same manner as regular computer viruses. Therefore, they change system’s essential dialup and networking settings without user’s consent and approval. A typical dialer runs on every computer startup and attempts to hide its presence on the system. A parasite doesn’t affect computer’s performance and doesn’t leave any clues like unexpected advertisements or third-party toolbars, so its activity can hardly be easily noticed. Users of broadband lines, such as DSL, LAN or similar, cannot be affected because their computers have no modems installed.
Some dialers are legitimate applications developed by Internet service providers and certain companies. Their task is to ease the process of setting up an Internet connection or to perform marketing campaigns of third parties. Such parties provide their users with the license agreement and inform them about the installation of a dialer. Nevertheless, such programs are quite rare.
Activities that characterize dialers
• Using a compromised computer to connect to the high-cost phone numbers.
• Promoting potentially unsafe web sites with pornographic, advertising or other similar content.
• Causing system modification and altering essential dialup and networking settings. This is done by the dialer for registering itself as a default Internet connection service and connecting a compromised computer over the Internet.
• Changing web browser’s settings. You can notice changes in your home page and default search engine. In addition, you can be prevented from restoring these settings.
• Creating numerous links that could lead people to potentially insecure web sites. In addition, a victim may also notice unknown desktop shortcuts to suspicious sites, unknown bookmarks and new entries in his/hers Favorites list.
• Provides no removal feature.
Infiltration techniques that are used by dialiers
Although the most dialers are very similar to regular viruses, their distribution methods are quite different. They do not spread like other types of malware. In most of the cases, people have to install them on the system as any other software. This can be done either with or without user’s content. More information about the major distributors that have been used for the unnoticed installation of dialer parasites is provided below.
• Pornographic and illegal websites. Sites that are filled with adult-oriented content, illegal music and video files and similar offers should be avoided. Otherwise, they can trick the user to download and manually install a particular dialer on the system. No matter that it is declared that this should be done for getting an ability to receive an access to desired constant, you should not agree with such installation. Such dialers not only fail to provide the uninstaller, but can also lead you to the loss of your money by making Internet connections through high-cost phone numbers.
• System vulnerabilities. The biggest amount of malicious dialers get into the system by exploiting certain vulnerabilities. Such security holes may appear by failing to update anti-virus/anti-spyware software or web browser. In addition, the malicious dialer may appear on your computer by running into an insecure web site that is filled with the malicious code or by clicking on an unsafe pop-up ad. The affected user cannot notice anything suspicious, as parasites do not display any setup wizards, dialogs or warnings.
• Spam and malicious email messages. Some dialers are secretly installed on the system by opening spam or malicious e-mail messages. Some part of such parasites arrives to the target PC system as legitimate e-mail attachments. Their installation is made without user’s consent and approval.
The most popular examples of dialers
There are lots of different dialers that are considered malicious. The following examples illustrate their behavior on the affected PC system.
661-748-0240 offers access to the Internet via high-cost telephone numbers. It redirects a web browser to certain Internet resources and changes default home page without asking for user permission. This dialer can be secretly installed while visiting some unsafe web sites. The parasite alters the registry, so the threat runs on every Windows startup, and creates a desktop shortcut named Click Me!!!. Most dialers are quite similar to this example and do not pose any threat to the system, but severely violate the privacy of the user.
Trojan.Dialer.yz connects its victim’s computer to the Internet through expensive phone number. It is capable of accessing a predefined Internet resource on required domain without asking a permission from the user. This threat silently erases the web browser’s cache and history. The parasite gets into the system from some insecure web sites. The dialer complicates its detection and removal and doesn’t have the functional uninstaller.
Trafficadvance is a way more harmful dialer that not only connects a compromised computer to the Internet using a premium rate phone number, but also terminates some running applications and steals system information. Once executed, it modifies the Windows registry to register itself as a primary Internet connection service. This means that all further Internet connections will be made through expensive phone number instead of local lnternet service provider’s default one. Such activity results in receiving enormous phone bills.
Removing dialer from the PC system
As it was said above, the most of dialers work in the same manner as the computer viruses and, therefore, can be found and removed with the help of reliable anti-spyware program. We can recommend Reimage or SpyHunter 5Combo Cleaner that have showed great results when removing dialer from the system.
Beware that in some cases even the most antivirus or spyware remover can fail to get rid of a particular dialer. That is why there are Internet resources such as 2-Spyware.com, which provide manual malware removal instructions. These instructions allow the user to manually delete all the files, directories, registry entries and other objects that belong to a parasite. However, manual removal requires fair system knowledge and therefore can be a quite difficult and tedious task for novices.
Latest dialers added to the database
Information updated: 2017-05-11
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Swan Lake (Singapore)
Swan Lake is an artificial lake located at the Singapore Botanic Gardens in Singapore.
It was formerly also known as the Main Lake or the First Lake. It was constructed in 1866, shortly after the Gardens formation.
It is considered to be the oldest ornamental water-feature in Singapore. | WIKI |
uBeam shows off futuristic wireless charging tech in its first public demo
uBeam is a bit of a mystery in Silicon Valley. The wireless charging company claims to have developed a way to charge electronic devices using ultrasonic waves, for truly cord-less charging regardless of what surface your smartphone is touching. The company has been criticized for avoiding detailed discussions and demonstrations of its technology, drawing comparisons to disgraced blood-testing company Theranos. But yesterday, uBeam showed off its wireless charging tech at the Upfront Summit in Los Angeles. The demonstration was supposed to be “off the record,” which is a strange thing to tell a crowd of people with video cameras in their pockets. As you might suspect, various video of the demo are now floating around Twitter. Here’s a solid one shot by Zillow Group CEO Spencer Rascoff: Wireless charging of a phone thru the air. Woh. 1st public demo ever @ubeam #UpfrontSummit pic.twitter.com/I6GZx7KDri In the video, you can clearly see uBeam CEO Meredith Perry holding what appears to be an Android phone near some type of device and waiting momentarily before a charging symbol appears on the display. Of course, the goal is to shrink down that large box into a device consumers could purchase and keep in their homes. As Axios points out, uBeam’s ultimate goal is to create a device resembling a small satellite dish-shaped charger, but that may be a while off. There are still a ton of other technical questions, too, as to how the company can overcome the limits of physics to create a product that works consistently as designed. Still, it’s a promising first suggestion that uBeam’s foundational concept is actually sound. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Перейти к основному содержимому
Версия: 4.1
Использование eval и функций
Команда eval служит для переопределения значений в полях. Может использовать математические операции, конкатенацию строк, выражения сравнения, булевские выражения, функции.
eval оперирует со следующими базовыми типами данных:
• String
• Numeric
• Booleans
• Null
Выражение eval требует, чтобы значения полей соответствовали типу операции и в результирующем значении стремится сохранить исходный тип данных. Например, за исключением сложения, арифметические операции могу не давать действительных результатов, если значения не являются числовыми. Когда выполняется конкатенации значений с точкой (.), команда eval определяет оба значения как String, независимо от их фактического типа.
Одна из ключевых возможностей команды eval – это работа с условными операциями. В конструкциях if и case в теле условия можно использовать функции сравнения ( in, like, isnull, isnotnull и др.) и простые логические выражения.
Конкатенация строк
Запрос создаст новое поле destination.geo.location по шаблону "destination.geo.city_name/destination.geo.continent_name".
source sm_cs_threat_indexes
| eval destination.geo.location=destination.geo.continent_name + "/" + destination.geo.city_name
| table destination.geo.location, destination.geo.continent_name, destination.geo.city_name
Создание нового поля из служебного поля
Запрос выведет несколько полей в виде таблицы и новое поле "ID индекса". Значение поля будет присвоено из служебного поля index.
source sm_cs_auth_indexes
| table destination.address, destination.ip, source.ip, event.action
| eval index_name = _index
| rename destination.address as "Адрес целевого сервера", destination.ip as "IP целевого сервера", source.ip as "IP источника", event.action as "Событие", index_name as "ID индекса"
Работа с условными операторами if, case
В запросе, команда eval создаст новое поле event.log.out и присвоит ему значение "Выход", если значение поля event.action равно "logged-out", иначе будет присвоено значение "-".
source sm_cs_auth_indexes
| table destination.address, destination.ip, source.ip, event.action
| eval event.log.out = if(event.action == "logged-out", "Выход", "-")
| rename destination.address as "Адрес целевого сервера", destination.ip as "IP целевого сервера", source.ip as "IP источника", event.action as "Событие", event.log.out as "Результат"
В запросе, команда case будет сравнивать три значение в поле event.action. Если использовать имя уже существующего поля, то его значение перезапишется результатами eval.
source sm_cs_auth_indexes
| table destination.address, destination.ip, source.ip, event.action
| eval event.log.out=case(event.action == "logged-out", "Выход", event.action == "logged-in", "Вход", event.action == "kerberos-authentication-ticket-requested", "kerberos")
| rename destination.address as "Адрес целевого сервера", destination.ip as "IP целевого сервера", source.ip as "IP источника", event.action as "Событие", event.log.out as "Результат"
Использование логического выражения
Запрос использует комбинацию условного оператора if и логического выражения or (или).
source sm_cs_auth_indexes
| table destination.address, destination.ip, source.ip, event.action
| eval event.log.out = if(event.action == "logged-out" or event.action == "logged-in" , "Вход/Выход", "Kerberos")
| rename destination.address as "Адрес целевого сервера", destination.ip as "IP целевого сервера", source.ip as "IP источника", event.action as "Событие", event.log.out as "Результат"
Использование команды like
Запрос проверяет значение первого аргумента на соответствие шаблону, заданному во втором аргументе. Если значение поля event.action совпадает с шаблоном «%logged%», полю event.log.out присваиваем значение "Вход/Выход", иначе "Kerberos".
source sm_cs_auth_indexes
| table destination.address, destination.ip, source.ip, event.action
| eval event.log.out = if(like(event.action,"%logged%"), "Вход/Выход", "Kerberos")
| rename destination.address as "Адрес целевого сервера", destination.ip as "IP целевого сервера", source.ip as "IP источника", event.action as "Событие", event.log.out as "Результат"
Математические и статистические операции
Запрос выведет итоговую стоимость заказа по каждому пользователю на текущий момент.
source food_orders
| stats latest(total_price) as "total_price_USD" by user_id
| rename user_id as "id пользователя"
Запрос преобразует поле total_price_USD в total_price_rub (переведет цену из usd в rub), и с помощью команды round, округлит его до двух знаков после запятой.
source food_orders
| stats latest(total_price) as total_price_usd by user_id
| eval total_price_rub = round((total_price_usd * 94.34),2)
| table total_price_usd, total_price_rub, user_id
| rename total_price_usd as "Итоговая стоимость в usd", total_price_rub as "Итоговая стоимость в rub", user_id as "id пользователя"
Работа с текстом
Запрос переведет содержимое поля snyk.vulnerabilities.credit в верхий регистр.
source sm_cs_vulnerability_indexes
| table snyk.vulnerabilities.cvss3, snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative, snyk.vulnerabilities.credit
| eval snyk.vulnerabilities.credit_upper = upper(snyk.vulnerabilities.credit)
Команда trim позволяет убрать из значения поля подстроку в соответствии с шаблоном. Следующий запрос добавит новое поле snyk_trim, которому присвоит значение поля snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative с удаленной подстрокой "SNYK-".
source sm_cs_vulnerability_indexes
| table snyk.vulnerabilities.credit, snyk.vulnerabilities.credit, snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative
| eval snyk.vulnerabilities.credit_upper = upper(snyk.vulnerabilities.credit)
| eval snyk_trim = trim(snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative, "SNYK-")
Команда replace заменит значение поля snyk_trim на вторую и третью найденную группу в регулярном выражении, то есть на текст после первого "-".
source sm_cs_vulnerability_indexes
| table snyk.vulnerabilities.credit, snyk.vulnerabilities.credit, snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative
| eval snyk.vulnerabilities.credit_upper = upper(snyk.vulnerabilities.credit)
| eval snyk_trim = trim(snyk.vulnerabilities.identifiers.alternative, "SNYK-")
| eval snyk_replace = replace(snyk_trim, "(\w+)\-(\w+)\-(\w+)", "$2-$3") | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Why Nasdaq EV Stocks Were All Over the Map Friday
After a big drop in the first quarter of 2022, investors in the Nasdaq Composite (NASDAQINDEX: ^IXIC) had hoped to see a nice bounce to start the month of April. It took some doing, but by the market close, the Nasdaq finished up 41 points to 14,262.
The electric vehicle space has been among the most turbulent in recent years, but long-term investors have seen big gains from the likes of Tesla (NASDAQ: TSLA) and its newer peers. On Friday, though, EV stocks didn't all rise in lockstep. Rivian Automotive (NASDAQ: RIVN) suffered losses, while Tesla was little changed and shares of Li Auto (NASDAQ: LI) moved significantly higher. Let's take a closer look at everything going on in the EV space on Friday.
March results from Li and its Chinese peers
Li Auto saw its stock rise almost 6% on Friday. The company reported its latest delivery figures, continuing its strong upward momentum.
Li delivered 11,034 of its Li ONE model EVs in March, up 125% from the same month in 2021. That showing brought Li's total quarterly deliveries to 31,716. That's up more than 150% from the first quarter of last year. Li hopes to accelerate its growth with the April release of its L9 SUV model, which will bring a new luxury experience that also incorporates driver assistance.
However, even those strong numbers weren't enough to stay ahead of competitors. XPeng (NYSE: XPEV) delivered more than 15,400 vehicles in March, tripling its year-earlier count, and outpaced Li in quarterly deliveries by more than 2,800. On the other hand, Li did managed to best Nio (NYSE: NIO), which delivered fewer than 10,000 EVs for the month and roughly 25,750 for the quarter.
Li and its Chinese peers could face pressure if the nation's current COVID-19 outbreak continues. For now, though, EV demand has never been higher.
Image source: Getty Images.
Rivian deals with more pressure
However, Rivian Automotive shares were down more than 7.5% on Friday. The move gave back much of the gain the electric truck hopeful had clawed back earlier this week.
High costs have proven to be a problem for the automotive industry generally, and while established automakers have been able to pass through cost increases to some extent, upstarts like Rivian haven't established their pricing power yet. In its annual report released on Thursday, Rivian noted that the war in Ukraine has hurt its ability to get vehicle components and to continue construction of production facilities and installation of necessary equipment. Metals necessary for battery manufacturing have also been problematic to obtain.
Help might be coming, though. The White House is expected to issue an executive order that would encourage the production of metals and other materials needed for batteries, in the hopes of reducing costs that EV companies have to pay foreign suppliers.
Nevertheless, now is a critical time for Rivian as it aims to move forward with its long-term strategy. Until investors have more certainty about next steps, Rivian's stock is likely to remain volatile and not necessarily move in line with Li Auto and other EV stocks.
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Dan Caplinger has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns and recommends Nio Inc. and Tesla. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Oded13
We exist to equip vulnerable children and youths in our community with self-support skills and knowledge of protecting themselves against the risk of HIV/AIDS and violence.
Our strategies are focused on resolving the most pressing needs of the community and include programs that enhance the capacity of marginalized groups to take charge of the issues that affect them. | WIKI |
User:Bibliomaniac15/Straw poll on straw polls
This is meant to be a straw poll on RFA straw polls.
Yes
* The polls are making it very clear that there is no consensus on what should be done to reform RfA or whether it should be reformed at all. Captain panda 03:49, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
* Polls are a good idea. If a vote doesn't come out with a conclusive result, then it isn't the vote system which is at fault; it simply shows there isn't any consensus. WaltonOne 15:42, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
No
* Supported Not even divine intervention could save RfA. — Animum ( etc. ) 01:45, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Nothing is helping RFA, and the verbal circus/es that is/are going on on WT:RFA and elsewhere in relation to RFA is certainly not doing anything. -- Anonymous Dissident Talk 01:48, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Too divided at the moment. Stifle (talk) 19:38, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
Polls are evil
* Denounce All polls are evil, especially straw polls. Nothing can and should replace a good discussion, even a heated debate with slanders flying like crazed bats, with morons putting in thoughtless "yes" and "no" comments. Aditya (talk • contribs) 13:14, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
* So why exactly are all polls evil? Rather than just regurgitating standard Wiki catchphrases, you could try and construct a rational argument as to what's so wrong with voting. It's the only way that every good-faith opinion gets counted equally, and the only way to really determine the strength of opinion. The reason we've got nowhere with RfA is because there simply isn't any consensus on any of the proposed changes. WaltonOne 15:44, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
This is ironic
* Absolutely. But if I had to vote, I'd say no. Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 07:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Yeah, the irony is not lost on me. If I had to vote, though, I'd actually say that the polls seem to be helping a bit, as we get a rough number estimate of how many are in favor of reform. GlassCobra 19:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
Sometimes
* Whenever I see one... Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 07:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* I probably haven't participated in all of them, but I think that I have participated in a good deal of them. Captain panda 03:50, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
* I generally go once every few weeks and comment on them all, but have had a blitz lately since I've been on vacation. Stifle (talk) 19:39, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
* I participate at WT:RFA every so often. GlassCobra 19:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* At the moment I can't be bothered to edit very much, but I used to be a fanatical peruser of WT:RFA. Sad, I know. WaltonOne 15:40, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
No
* Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 07:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Discussions have shown that there is no consensus concerning RfA reform. However, no reform is not reform so I guess I am in this category. Captain panda 03:52, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
* Nope. Stifle (talk) 19:39, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
* Unfortunately, although many people participate in the reform discussions, it seems to be going in circles. GlassCobra 19:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
Yes
* Maybe, maybe not. Rudget Contributions 12:28, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
* Saying no seems very silly in this category. We have quite a bit of eternity to go before it is all used up. Captain panda 03:53, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
* I'm really hoping so, as Wikipedia is always in need of more manpower. GlassCobra 19:09, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
* We already have the best way to promote admins. What we need is an easier way to demote them. This would then have the collateral effect that RfA will become less unpleasant, because people would be less cautious in their voting if they knew that we, the community, could remove bad or uncommunicative admins at will. WaltonOne 15:41, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
No
* Absolutely 100% guaranteed because there is no "best way", some ways are better than others all methods even the current should be looked upon as needing improvement otherwise we'll become the proverbial crusty old encyclopedia sitting on a bookshelf gathering dust. Does that mean a fantastic solution is just around the corner maybe but until we look we'll never know. Gnangarra 02:35, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
Not at this rate
* Dihydrogen Monoxide (H2O) 07:56, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
* Dfrg. msc 04:34, 31 October 2007 (UTC)
* Stifle (talk) 19:39, 1 November 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Karim Fouad, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Reopening the window of opportunity for rehabilitative training after chronic spinal cord injury
Funded in: 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018
Back to overview
Problem: The effectiveness of rehabilitation training is limited in the chronic stage after SCI
Target: Inducing an artificial inflammation in the chronic stage might facilitate restructuring of the nervous system (plasticity)
Goal: Enhanced plasticity in combination with rehabilitation training could lead to improved functional recovery.
Unfortunately, there are still no effective treatments to repair the injured spinal cord. However, depending on the severity and time after injury, rehabilitative training has been demonstrated to be an effective therapy to promote recovery. Training augments recovery likely through various mechanisms. This includes the remodeling of nervous tissue spared by the trauma, a process termed neuroplasticity. It is commonly acknowledged that initiating training in the early stages after injury is much more effective in promoting recovery than starting in a delayed fashion. Considering that spinal cord injury is often accompanied by other medical complications such as broken bones, and that following injury individuals have to relearn various essential tasks of daily living, intensive training of motor functions in the acute phase is often not an option.
In this proposal, the team around Karim Fouad will investigate a possible cause for the decline in training efficacy by analyzing a reaching task over time after injury in an animal model of cervical spinal cord injury. Ultimately, this project will enable effective training beyond the critical period. For this, the team will follow the lead of studies that have suggested the importance of inflammation in the repair of the spinal cord through neuroplasticity. Karim Fouad and his team propose that a decline of the inflammatory process over the weeks following SCI is the reason for the reduced efficacy of rehabilitative training. To test this they will artificially re-introduce inflammation in order to rekindle training efficacy.
If their hypothesis is confirmed, these experiments will open the door for investigations on safe and clinically feasible approaches to boost the effect of rehabilitative training on functional recovery following injuries of the spinal cord and even the brain. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Launder Cover – FRP – SECTION 06 5102
HomeLaunder Cover – FRP – SECTION 06 5102
Download: Launder Cover – FRP – SECTION 06 5102
SECTION 06 5102
FIBERGLASS LAUNDER COVERS
PART 1- GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION
A. Provide fiberglass launder covers and appurtenances as indicated and specified.
Please list all tanks where covers are required and clearly identify on the contract drawings provided:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.2 REFERENCES
A. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Publication s:
1. D256: Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
2. 0570: Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
3. D638: Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
4. D790: Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials.
1.3 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
A. The Contractor shall conform to the seismic design requirements for this project and for the work of this specification sect ion.
B. Provide all equipment bases, anchorage, supports and foundations designed in accordance with the seismic requirement s indicated and specified.
D. Additionally, provide a certification for all equipment signed by a registered structural engineer registered in the state where covers are installed, stating that computations were performed and that all components have been sized for the seismic forces specified and indicated. This certification is provided in the Manufacturer’s Equipment Certification.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit the following in accordance with submittal procedures.
1. Certified shop and erection drawings. Contractor shall submit electronic files of the proposed equipment in the capacity, size, and arrangement as indicated and specified.
a. Electronic files shall conform to the following minimum requirements:
1. Electronic Files: AutoCAD latest version, drawn to scale.
2. Submit electronic files as part of the Shop Drawing submittal.
3. Drawings shall include plan views, sectional views, title block, Tag Numbers, Parts List (identifying each component), dimensions, connection sizes and types and all details of all related items. In cases where certain information is proprietary and is omitted, provided a statement indicating that the information is proprietary and is being omitted.
4. Drawings shall be in conformance with all other requirements as specified in this specification.
2. Materials listing including resins and fiberglass content
3. Method of attachment, size of fasteners and weights of each section
4. Shop drawing data for accessory items.
5. Certified setting plans, with tolerances, for anchor bolts.
6. Listing of reference installations as specified with contact names and telephone numbers.
7. Shop and field inspection reports.
8. Shop test results: Certified test reports of the physical and mechanical properties as specified herein.
9. Recommendations for short and long-term storage.
10. Special tools.
11. Number of service person-days provided and per diem field service rate.
12. The latest ISO 9001 series certification or quality system plan.
1.5 QUALITY CONTROL
A. Covers shall be the product of one manufacturer.
B. Covers shall be manufacturer’s standard cataloged product and modified to provide compliance with the drawings, specifications and the service conditions specified and indicated.
C. Shop tests as specified.
D. Warranty: Provide a one (1) year warrantee from material and workmanship defects.
E. Coordination: Cover manufacturer shall coordinate the fabrication of the covers with the contractor and clarifier manufacturer in regards to the clarifier mechanism, scum collection and launder and channel configurations.
F. Contractor shall provide the services of the manufacturer’s representative for equipment installation, startup and training in accordance with manufactures certificates.
G. Provide the following certificates related to the supply, installation and operation of the equipment specified herein in accordance with manufactures certificates:
1. Manufacturer’s Equipment Certification
2. Equipment Installation Certification
3. Equipment Operation Warranty
1.6 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
A. Provide in accordance with requirements.
B. Shipping:
1. All systems, sub-systems and structures shall be shop fabricated and assembled into the largest practical size suitable for transporting.
1.7 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS
A. Submit Operation and Maintenance Manuals as specified in close out submittal.
PART 2 – PRODUCTS
2.1 MANUFAC TURERS
A. RPS Engineering Elgin, Illinois 60123
2.2 COVERS
A. Provide the launder covers consisting of a system of molded fiberglass panels that are attached together to form a continuous cover over the launder trough, weir and scum baffle within the tank.
1. Provide the cover extending over the trough and weir to a point immediately inside the scum baffle so long as the cover does not interfere with the sweep arm.
2. Individual sections: fitted to follow the curvature of the tank.
B. Provide the cover designed such that adjacent panels fit together and the completed cover, when installed, forms a rigid structure.
C. Provide the covers designed and manufactured to inhibit incident sunlight from striking the surfaces of the launder and weir.
D. Provide each cover section molded of UV-protected fiberglass and opaque to sunlight.
E. Provide the cover designed to open away from or toward the operator as shown on contract drawings.
F. Covers shall be designed to be non-walkable unless otherwise specified.
G. Cover segment: Two sections, a fixed mounting section and a hinged cover section connected by a continuous Type 316 stainless steel hinge.
1. Mounting Section: Provide a rigid mount for the cover and fastened to the weir wall with Type 316 stainless steel brackets and hardware as indicated.
a. Provide the mounting section extending inward to a point just inboard the scum baffle.
2. Cover Section: Hinged and extending outward or inward toward the tank wall to swing open to allow inspection and maintenance of the launder and weir. In the closed position, the Cover Section rests on an FRP support flange attached to the outer wall of the tank with “A” frame supports.
a. Provide the hinged cover sections designed such that alternating sections have integral tabs at each side, which rest on the adjacent section, covering that the seams between panels and enabling the alternate panels to open independent of every other panel.
3. Provide a latch mechanism that secures the hinged cover section to the support flange with integral lifting ring or handle.
H. Provide a means of limiting the travel of the hinged cover section, in the form of a restraint of Type 316 stainless steel cable.
I. Covers with inspection hatches or cleanout doors are not acceptable.
J. Provide covers to support the cover in such a manner that the panels are held in place, with the panels hinged to provide access to the launder and weir for inspection and maintenance.
K. Where the circumference of the trough is interrupted by a bridge-support or another obstacle, provide a fixed panel(s) over the trough beneath the support such that the surface of the cover is continuous around the entire tank.
L. Provide the cover system designed to withstand wind and snow loads for the plant location.
1. Provide cover designed to support the weight of a 250-pound person. (W hen a walkable cover is required)
2. Provide stiffeners as required integral to each panel, but panels reinforced with balsa or foam cores are not acceptable.
2.3 MATERIALS
A. Fiberglass: Fiberglass reinforced poly resin composite laminate with UV stabilizer.
1. Glass fiber content shall be minimum 50% by weight.
2. Physical Properties:
1) Tensile Strength (ASTM D-638) 30,000 psi
2) Compressive Strength (ASTM D-695) 30,000 psi
3) Flexural Strength (ASTM D-790) 30,000 psi
B. Fasteners: All fasteners shall be stainless steel or structural plastic. Fasteners on underside of cover shall be 316 stainless steel. Beams and panels shall be fastened to concrete using 316 stainless steel drill-in place anchor bolts.
C. Seals: A mechanical and replaceable neoprene bulb type seal shall isolate the cover perimeter from the concrete wall. No foam tape or caulk shall be allowed.
D. Access Hatch: Provide raised access panels where indicated. Access panels shall be pultruded FRP. Provide 316 stainless steel fasteners, hinges and hold open device.
E. Structural Supports: Wide flange or fabricated FRP structural beam. Resin vinyl ester with UV stabilizers. Provide at all hatches and pipe penetrations.
PART 3 – EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. Install items in accordance with approved shop drawings, manufacturer’s printed instruction s and as indicated.
B. Contractor to field verify dimensions prior to installing the covers.
C. Use factory drilled mounting holes. Field cutting of baffle panels will only be allowed as approved by the Engineer to complete the structure and accommodate in-tank obstructions.
D. Coat all field cut or drilled edges in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations to prevent fiber blooming or fraying.
E. Provide adjacent baffle panels fastened together using 14-in bolts, 2 flat washers, lock washer, and hex nut. All hardware Type 316 stainless steel.
F. The covers shall extend completely around the tank and shall be level, rigid and free of sway that could work anchors loose or cause undue wear.
3.2 CONTRACT CLOSEOUT
A. Provide in accordance with Section_________ CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES.
END OF SECTION | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Erlenmeyer flask
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Liquid being poured into an Erlenmeyer flask
An Erlenmeyer flask, also known as a conical flask (BrE)[1] or titration flask, is a type of laboratory flask which features a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck. It is named after the German chemist Emil Erlenmeyer (1825–1909), who created it in 1860.[2]
Erlenmeyer flasks have wide bases, with sides that taper upward to a short vertical neck. They may be graduated, and often spots of ground glass or enamel are used where they can be labeled with a pencil. It differs from the beaker in its tapered body and narrow neck.[3] Depending on the application, they may be constructed from glass or plastic,[4] in a wide range of volumes.[5]
The mouth of the Erlenmeyer flask may have a beaded lip that can be stopped or covered. Alternatively, the neck may be fitted with ground glass or other connector for use with more specialized stoppers or attachment to other apparatus. A Büchner flask is a common design modification used for filtration under vacuum.
Uses[edit]
Use in chemistry[edit]
Method of swirling an Erlenmeyer flask during titration
The slanted sides and narrow neck of this flask allow the contents of the flask to be mixed by swirling, without risk of spillage, making them suitable for titrations by placing it under the buret and adding solvent and the indicator in Erlenmeyer flask.[6] Such features similarly make the flask suitable for boiling liquids. Hot vapor condenses on the upper section of the Erlenmeyer flask, reducing solvent loss. Erlenmeyer flasks' narrow necks can also support filter funnels.
The last two attributes of Erlenmeyer flasks make them especially appropriate for recrystallization. The sample to be purified is heated to a boil, and sufficient solvent is added for complete dissolution. The receiving flask is filled with a small amount of solvent, and heated to a boil. The hot solution is filtered through a fluted filter paper into the receiving flask. Hot vapors from the boiling solvent keep the filter funnel warm, avoiding the premature crystallization.
Like beakers, Erlenmeyer flasks are not normally suitable for accurate volumetric measurements. Their stamped volumes are approximate within about 5% accuracy.[7]
Use in biology[edit]
Microcystis floating colonies in an Erlenmeyer flask.
Erlenmeyer flasks are also used in microbiology for the preparation of microbial cultures. Erlenmeyer flasks used in cell culture are sterilized and may feature vented closures to enhance gas exchange during incubation and shaking. The use of minimal liquid volumes, typically no more than one fifth of the total flask volume, and baffles molded into the flask's internal surface both serve to maximize gas transfer and promote chaotic mixing when the flasks are orbitally shaken. The oxygen transfer rate in Erlenmeyer flasks depends on the agitation speed, the liquid volume, and the shake-flask design.[8] The shaking frequency has the most significant impact on oxygen transfer.[9]
Oxygenation and mixing of liquid cultures further depend on rotation of the liquid "in-phase", meaning the synchronous movement of the liquid with the shaker table. Under certain conditions the shaking process leads to a breakdown of liquid motion – called "out-of-phase phenomenon". This phenomenon has been intensively characterized for shake flask bioreactors. Out-of-phase conditions are associated with a strong decrease in mixing performance, oxygen transfer, and power input. Main factor for out-of-phase operation is the viscosity of the culture medium, but also the vessel diameter, low filling levels and/or a high number of baffles.[10][11][12]
Legal restriction[edit]
To impede illicit drug manufacturers, the state of Texas has restricted the sale of Erlenmeyer flasks to those who have the requisite permits.[13][14]
See also[edit]
Additional Images[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ Andrea Sella (July 2008). "Classic Kit: Erlenmeyer flask". Royal Society of Chemistry..
2. ^ Emil Erlenmeyer, "Zur chemischen und pharmazeutischen Technik," Zeitschrift für Chemie und Pharmacie, vol. 3 (January 1860), 21-22. He wrote that he first displayed the new flask at a pharmaceutical conference in Heidelberg in 1857, and that he had arranged for its commercial production and sale by local glassware manufacturers.
3. ^ Laboratory Glassware. 17 November 2011
4. ^ Laboratory Flasks Information. 15 July 2016
5. ^ Volumetric Glassware. 15 July 2016
6. ^ "Method of titration". www.sciencebuddies.org/. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
7. ^ "Erlenmeyer Flasks and Beakers". www.dartmouth.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-17.
8. ^ Soccol CR, Pandey A, Larroche C (2013). Fermentation Processes Engineering in the Food Industry. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Florida. ISBN 978-1439887653.
9. ^ Schiefelbein S, Fröhlich A, John GT, Beutler F, Wittmann C, Becker J (2013): "Oxygen supply in disposable shake-flasks: prediction of oxygen transfer rate, oxygen saturation and maximum cell concentration during aerobic growth". Biotechnology Letters. 35 (8): 1223-30, doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1203-9, PMID 23592306.
10. ^ Kloeckner W, Diederichs S and Buechs J (2014): "Orbitally Shaken Single-Use Bioreactors". Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 138: 45-60, PMID 23604207
11. ^ Buechs J, Maier U, Mildbradt C et al. (2000b): "Power consumption in shaking flasks on rotary shaking machines: II. Nondimensional description of specific power consumption and flow regimes in unbaffled flasks at elevated liquid viscosity". Biotechnol Bioeng. 68(6): 594-601, PMID 10799984
12. ^ Buechs J, Lotter S, Mildbradt C (2001b): " Out-of-phase operating conditions, a hitherto unknown phenomenon in shaking bioreactors". Biochem Eng J. 7(2): 135-141, PMID 11173302
13. ^ "Note to Texas Residents about Lab Glassware". Crscientific.com. Retrieved 2016-02-18.
14. ^ "TxDPS - Laws and Regulations". Txdps.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2016-02-18. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CalyxOS
Install on Pixel 6a
From a Linux computer
Install / Pixel 6a / Linux
IMPORTANT
Warning The Android 13 update for Pixel 6, Pixel 6 Pro, and the Pixel 6a contains a bootloader update that increments the anti-roll back version. After flashing an Android 13 build on these devices you will not be able to install CalyxOS until our Android 13 update is released.
Please keep this in mind if you have a Pixel 6, 6 Pro or 6a. If you update to 13 at all, either on the stock OS or a custom ROM you should stick to it and avoid trying to downgrade. Doing so will brick your device, rendering it non functional.
Terminology
Prepare your Android device
There are a few things you must do to prepare your device to accept a new operating system:
Enable Developer Options
SettingsAbout Phone → tap Build number 7 times
Enable USB debugging
SettingsSystemAdvancedDeveloper OptionsUSB Debugging
Enable OEM Unlocking
SettingsSystemAdvancedDeveloper OptionsOEM unlocking
This step might fail if there is no internet connection. In that case, connect to a WiFi network and remove SIM card, then try again.
Prepare your host computer
Linux packages
The device-flasher program needs certain udev rules installed. The device-flasher will set these rules up for you, but it may ask for your sudo password to do so. Alternately, you can install one of the following packages to correctly set the udev rules in advance.
Debian, Ubuntu, & derivatives:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install android-sdk-platform-tools-common
Fedora & derivatives:
sudo dnf install android-tools
Arch Linux:
sudo pacman -S android-udev
openSUSE:
sudo zypper install android-udev-rules
Download device-flasher
Download device-flasher.linux
Save this executable to a new directory, where you will also later save the CalyxOS image.
Verify Digest
This is an optional step, useful for ensuring you have the correct device-flasher executable. Open a terminal on your host computer, change to the directory where you saved device-flasher, and then run:
sha256sum device-flasher.linux
And ensure the result says 5367712159b76e06bdca04f9feafc6391e26ffbc197ef7d2f686ced15941874e. This is the unique digest of the device-flasher. If it doesn’t match, then you have a corrupted or incorrect file.
Download factory image
Download CalyxOS Image
Save this image in the same directory as device-flasher. This image will only work for Pixel 6a (bluejay). Any attempt to install this image on a different device model may brick (destroy) the Android device.
Do not extract or rename the zip, simply copy it as-is.
Once downloaded, the next step is to verify the image. This step is optional, but verification helps ensure that you downloaded the image correctly, and that you got the correct image.
Verify Digest
To verify the image, open a terminal window on the host computer where you saved the image and run the command:
sha256sum bluejay-factory-22309000.zip
And ensure the result says 44e87fc927868f9db6126db87a5623d6276a984f4db4ea9c3ba5b19e903825b3. This is the unique digest of the image file. If it doesn’t match, then you have a corrupted or incorrect file.
Verify Signature
For the highest level of confidence, you can optionally download the signature file and then verify image signature.
Install CalyxOS
Run device-flasher
Now you are ready to install. Ensure that both the CalyxOS image and device-flasher are in the same directory.
Step 1. Connect the USB cable between the computer and the Android device.
Step 2. Run device-flasher
Open a terminal, change to the directory with the firmware image, and run:
chmod +x device-flasher.linux
./device-flasher.linux
Unlock the bootloader
At some point in the installation process, it will ask you to unlock the bootloader.
NOTE: if the bootloader is already unlocked, you will not see the unlock bootloader menu and installation will proceed automatically without you needing to touch anything.
The bootloader unlock menu looks like this:
Press a volume key to select UNLOCK THE BOOTLOADER option. Then press the power key to activate that option.
Success?
Once device-flasher is finished, you should now have a fully functional CalyxOS device. If not, please see our Community page for where you can post your questions.
Troubleshooting
Error running device-flasher
If you get a mysterious error when running device-flasher, or if device-flasher hangs, it may be a USB problem. Try connecting to a different USB port on your computer (yes, not all USB ports are created equal) or a different USB cable.
How do I tell if the bootloader is locked?
In Fastboot “Device State: locked” means the bootloader is locked.
On the initial boot screen, you may also see this if the bootloader is unlocked:
The bootloader is unlocked and software integrity cannot be guaranteed. Any data stored on the device may be available to attackers. Do not store sensitive data on the device.
Back to Stock
If you would like to return to the default operating system, please see Back to Stock Android.
Security Notes
• Over-the-air Updates: CalyxOS updates are delivered over-the-air (OTA) automatically, without any manual intervention needed. However, if you'd like to manually update your CalyxOS install, see OTA.
• Security Updates: The Pixels 6 Pro, 6, 5a (5G), 4a (5G), 5, 4a, 4 XL, 4, 3a XL, 3a contain the full security patch, as they are still being updated by Google.
• End-of-life: The Pixels 3 XL, 3, 2 XL, 2 are no longer being updated by Google, so the CalyxOS releases for these devices only contain the fixes to the open source components, such as the OS code and the Linux kernel. Proprietary components such as the bootloader, modem firmware, and other firmware no longer get updates.
• End-of-life: The Xiaomi Mi A2 is no longer being updated by Xiaomi, so the CalyxOS releases for it only contain the fixes to the open source components, such as the OS code and the Linux kernel. Proprietary components such as the bootloader, modem firmware, and other firmware no longer get updates. Additionally, due to a Xiaomi bug wherein updating causes the device to get wiped, we have to ship the September 2020 firmware. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Abhijeet jahazi
The result was delete. Malcolmxl5 (talk) 21:25, 22 March 2016 (UTC)
Abhijeet jahazi
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
The news articles mentioned here do not appear to match the titles provided in the article. Subject does not appear to qualify as notable per WP:NACTOR. KDS 4444 Talk 13:28, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Actors and filmmakers-related deletion discussions. /wiae /tlk 13:47, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of India-related deletion discussions. /wiae /tlk 13:47, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Delete Woah, this is the fifth time the page has been recreated . I had tagged it for speedy deletion previously. The whole article is a blatant hoax (or a test page, assuming good faith). The news articles do not match the titles and the claims are atrocious. It says "Born 26 June 2000" and yet "For his role in 's romantic drama (1999), Jahazi was awarded the Entertainer". Seriously, just delete and preferably stop the creation of another article with the same title.
* As an afterthought, please consider taking some action against the article creator Abhijeet jahazi. Clearly WP:NOTHERE. --Lemongirl942 (talk) 15:44, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Delete and salt per WP:SELFPROMOTION if nothing else. Also please note the editor has created this Template:Abhijeet Jahazi in another attempt to keep their article on WikiP. MarnetteD|Talk 20:19, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete Selfpromotion and badly made to boot.*Treker (talk) 21:07, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
* Delete as none of this satisfies WP:ENTERTAINER. SwisterTwister talk 22:52, 15 March 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
LY-2459989
LY-2459989 is a silent antagonist of the κ-opioid receptor (KOR) that has been developed by Eli Lilly as a radiotracer of that receptor, labeled either with carbon-11 or fluorine-18. It possesses high affinity for the KOR (Ki = 0.18 nM) and is highly selective for it over the μ-opioid receptor (Ki = 7.68 nM) and the δ-opioid receptor (Ki = 91.3 nM) (over 43-fold selectivity for the KOR over the other opioid receptors). LY-2459989 is a fluorine-containing analogue and follow-up compound of LY-2795050, the first KOR-selective antagonist radiotracer. Relative to LY-2795050, LY-2459989 displays 4-fold higher affinity for the KOR and similar selectivity and also possesses greatly improved central nervous system permeation (brain levels were found to be 6-fold higher than those of LY-2795050). The drug appears to possess a short duration of action, with only 25% remaining in serum at 30 minutes post-injection in rhesus monkeys, making it an ideal agent for application in biomedical imaging, for instance in positron emission tomography (PET).
Earlier analogues of LY-2459989 besides LY-2795050 with similar actions and potential uses have also been described. | WIKI |
libvirt 3.6.0-1ubuntu6.3 source package in Ubuntu
Changelog
libvirt (3.6.0-1ubuntu6.3) artful-security; urgency=medium
[ Leonidas S. Barbosa ]
* SECURITY UPDATE: resource exhaustion resulting in DoS
- debian/patches/CVE-2018-5748.patch: avoid DoS reading from
QEMU monitor in src/qemu/qemu_monitor.c.
- CVE-2018-5748
* SECURITY UPDATE: Failure to validate SSL/TLS certificates
- debian/patches/CVE-2017-1000256.patch: ensure TLS clients always verify
the server certificate in src/qemu/qemu_command.c.
- CVE-2017-1000256
[ Marc Deslauriers ]
* SECURITY UPDATE: code injection via libnss_dns.so
- debian/patches/CVE-2018-6764-1.patch: determine the hostname on
startup in src/util/virlog.c.
- debian/patches/CVE-2018-6764-2.patch: fix syntax-check in
src/util/virlog.c.
- debian/patches/CVE-2018-6764-3.patch: fix deadlock obtaining hostname
in cfg.mk, src/util/virlog.c.
- CVE-2018-6764
-- Marc Deslauriers <email address hidden> Fri, 16 Feb 2018 07:51:15 -0500
Upload details
Uploaded by:
Marc Deslauriers on 2018-02-16
Uploaded to:
Artful
Original maintainer:
Ubuntu Developers
Architectures:
any all
Section:
libs
Urgency:
Medium Urgency
See full publishing history Publishing
Series Pocket Published Component Section
Downloads
File Size SHA-256 Checksum
libvirt_3.6.0.orig.tar.xz 14.1 MiB 3a2c97f6950796f300f6a2e0404f4de8e51c3b9430cdb82738439adb0ac59e3d
libvirt_3.6.0-1ubuntu6.3.debian.tar.xz 135.4 KiB 8a15a336a84c67b23641fca84f269da075e93030e42f939b70c1be79d1e4614d
libvirt_3.6.0-1ubuntu6.3.dsc 4.1 KiB e2f34c816a6d16904f22f102a5ecd7b09d2837759451bf0dd76ea78c08836cf1
View changes file
Binary packages built by this source
libnss-libvirt: nss plugin providing IP add ress resolution for virtual machines
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the nss plugin for IP address resolution of libvirt
managed virtual machines.
libnss-libvirt-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libnss-libvirt
libvirt-bin: programs for the libvirt library
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This is a transitional package. You can safely remove it.
libvirt-clients: Programs for the libvirt library
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the libvirt shell virsh and other client binaries.
libvirt-clients-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libvirt-clients
libvirt-daemon: Virtualization daemon
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the daemon libvirtd to manage the hypvervisors.
libvirt-daemon-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libvirt-daemon
libvirt-daemon-system: Libvirt daemon configuration files
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the configuration files to run the libvirt daemon as a
system service.
libvirt-daemon-system-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libvirt-daemon-system
libvirt-dev: development files for the libvirt library
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the header files and static libraries which are
needed for developing the applications with libvirt.
libvirt-doc: documentation for the libvirt library
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the documentation.
libvirt-sanlock: Sanlock plugin for virtlockd
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
.
This package contains the sanlock plugin for libvirt's locking daemon.
libvirt-sanlock-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libvirt-sanlock
libvirt0: library for interfacing with different virtualization systems
Libvirt is a C toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities
of recent versions of Linux (and other OSes). The library aims at providing
a long term stable C API for different virtualization mechanisms. It currently
supports QEMU, KVM, XEN, OpenVZ, LXC, and VirtualBox.
libvirt0-dbgsym: Debug symbols for libvirt0 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 2 Vol 1.djvu/232
i82 COMPLETE PEERAGE aquitaine APPIN DuGALD Stewart, 2nd, but only surv. s. and h. of Robert S., 8th Chief of Appin, by his 2nd wife, Anne, da. of Sir Duncan Campbell, ot Lochnell, was cr., by the titular King, James III, 6 June 1743, BARON APPIN [S.], with rem. to heirs male. (") He did not join in the Rising of 1745. He m. Mary, da. of Alexander Mackenzie. He sold Appin in 1765, and d. s.p.m., 1769. For his successors see Ruvigny's Jacobite Peerage. APSLEY i.e. "Apsley, Sussex," Barony (^Bathursi), cr. 1771 ; see "Bathurst," Earldom, cr. 1772, under the 2nd Earl, who sue. to that Earldom in 1775. APULDERCOMBE i.e. " Worsley of Apuldercombe in the Isle of Wight, " Barony {Anderson-Pelhani)^ cr. 1837, with the Earldom of Yarborough, which see. AQUITAINE Edward, Prince of Wales, i£c., s. and h. ap. of Edward III, was Visitation — Coll. Arm. MSS., H8). He and Joan, his wife, demised Badamscourt in Tidenham, 10 Sep. (1448) 27 Hen. VI. John ap Thomlyn, his s. and h., is described as " dominus de Beatisley " in a conveyance of 20 Mar. (1498/9) 14 Hen. VII. He (i) Margaret, mother of William Edmond, who is described in a deed, 26 Nov. 1536, as " dominus de Betisley filius et heres Edmundi ap Gwyllym ap Hopkin et Margarete uxoris ejus unius filiarum et heredum Johannis ap Thomlyn. " (2) Margery, wife of Thomas Parker, of Monmouth, ancestress of the Parkers of Llanllowel. (3) Jane, wife of Reynalt ap Gwiliym. (4) Elizabeth. Thus Dr. Ormerod, partly on the authority of Thomas Wakeman. The Welsh genealogists, who omit two generations altogether, and on whose statements no reliance can be placed, describe these coheirs as (i) Margery, h. of Llanllowel, wife of Thomas Parker, (2) Margaret, h. of Tre Owen and half Llanarth, wife of David ap Jenkin (Herbert) of Cefn-y-ddwy-glwyd (slain at Edgcott Field in 1469), (3) Anne or Matilda, h. of half Llanarth, wife of David ap Gwiliym (Herbert), (4) Joan, wife of Robin Wallis, and (5) Alice, wife of Thomas William. (Bradney, ut supra, vol. i, p. 44 : isfc). (") For a list of the Jacobite Peerages, see Appendix F, in this volume. ^) It appears from The Glory of Regality, by Arthur Taylor, F.S.A., 1820, p. 104, Wc, that, among the Principal State officers of France, who act at the Coronation, " of the lay Peers, the Duke of Burgundy carries the Crown ; the Duke OF Aquitaine, or Guienne, the ist banner ; the Duke of Normandy, the second, " iifc. : " and here, " adds Mr. Taylor, " I take occasion to notice two attendants on
* . the da. and h. of John Roulf of Llanllowel, and had 4 daughters and coheirs, | WIKI |
Talk:Adirondack chair
Edits
Changed "The first Adirondack chair" to "The precursor to today's Adirondack chair"; the original chair is more commonly, and more correctly called a "Westport chair". It's quite different in construction and look to an Adirondack chair (but it's not hard to see the connection).
Also refined the description of Muskoka: "outdoor recreational region in southern Ontario north of Toronto where city people have summer cottages." It's not just city people who have cottages there, and most of the cottages are winterized now.
I can't find any confirmation of the reference to Canadian Tire distinguishing Adirondack chairs as unpainted and Muskokas as painted (so I cut it). Both finishes are called Adirondacks and Muskokas in their respective homes. Also Canadian Tire (a retailer) is not an authority. Two better authorities, Canadian Home Workshop magazine and Cottage Life magazine have both dealt with the question of naming these chairs and neither makes the painted/unpainted distinction.
There's also a suggestion in a letter to the editor in the March '06 issue of Cottage Life that in Canada, east of Ontario, these chairs (or a similar version) are called Laurentian chairs. Towlar1 —Preceding unsigned comment added by Towlar1 (talk • contribs)
Patents
Has anyone been able to find the patent number for the patent for the original westport chair? I have been searching and cannot find it. Would be good info for this page.
Added Patent number and link to patent on Google Patent search -- —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
No rear legs?
I thought the defining characteristic of an adirondack chair was that it only had front legs and rested in the back on the seat's frame. This is more significant than the wide armrests, no? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:47, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
you are correct, though one would not describe the back vertical supports that are commonly found on imitations today as legs.
The two features that make the adirondack/muskoka chair unique are; the seat frame extends to become the rear legs, and, the arm rests extend around the rear of the chair back as the only means of structural support.
I believe that the rear upright supports came about when chair kits were sold and customers found the assembly very difficult without some means of holding the chair back in place in order to connect the arm rests.
I suggest that any chair which includes rear vertical supports be aptly named an AdiWrongdack Chair. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:11, 15 July 2012 (UTC)
Rietveld and Levi-Montalcini
As far as I can tell there is no good reason for the red and blue chair and Levi-Montalcini's design to be mentioned in the article. Research I've done indicates that there is no connection. Propose deleting this info as it misleadingly suggests a connection. --Cornellier (talk) 01:02, 9 December 2012 (UTC)
* I won't miss them. —JerryFriedman (Talk) 19:45, 10 December 2012 (UTC)
* Done. --Cornellier (talk) 21:03, 10 December 2012 (UTC)
patent link tot the today's version of the adirondack/muskoka chair
There has always been a missing link to the Westport chair and the version (contoured seat, rounded back)as we know it today. I believe this is the missing link: http://www.google.com/patents/USD109239?printsec=drawing&hl=nl#v=onepage&q&f=false
a old patent from Irvin Wolpin dated april 12, 1938 !
added the link to the article — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:19, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
Hello, I would like to contribute to this page by adding a company link that builds the adirondack chairs by hand and they have press releases done by themselves.
What can i do to add it?
Josharivera (talk) 15:15, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
* Nothing. there is no reason to publicise one manufacturer over another. IdreamofJeanie (talk) 15:17, 15 March 2017 (UTC)
Article Reads Like A Story
The way this article is currently written reads like a pamphlet from a museum rather than an encyclopedic entry. Look at paragraph 2 for an example:
* The precursor to today's Adirondack chair was designed by Thomas Lee in 1903. He was on vacation in Westport, New York, in the Adirondack Mountains, and needed outdoor chairs for his summer home. He tested the first designs on his family. After arriving at a final design for the "Westport plank chair," Lee offered it to Harry Bunnell, a carpenter friend in Westport, who was in need of a winter income.
~Jonathan (talk) \\//_ Live long and prosper. 15:31, 27 July 2013 (UTC)
* What—all that interesting info has been deleted? Why? I was about to ask if any historical details were known about these distinctive chairs. Why was it removed? You feel it was too anecdotal? I'm baffled. Okay, I'll hang up now and take my answer off the air. – AndyFielding (talk) 17:13, 24 August 2021 (UTC)
Need Citations For Verification
This article cites few sources. Many lines of the text contain some claim that is not backed up. ~Jonathan (talk) \\//_ Live long and prosper. 16:02, 27 July 2013 (UTC)
* Pruned it back, again. This is one of those articles that attracts large quantities of unreferenced fluff and anecdote, which must culled from time to time. --Cornellier (talk) 00:20, 14 May 2021 (UTC) | WIKI |
Four Crucial Diabetes Symptoms Of Numbness
Diabetes Symptoms Of Numbness
An elevated blood glucose level leading to diabetes can cause numerous health complications in the affected individual ranging from drastic weight loss to more serious disorders like nerve damage leading to numbness. Also known as diabetic neuropathy, any damage to the nerves in the body due to elevated blood glucose levels can lead to loss of sensation causing numbness, pain and/or tingling sensation in the affected part of the body.
The symptoms of diabetes numbness are varied and differ from one person to another. Most commonly seen in people who have been suffering from elevated glucose levels for 25 years or more, diabetes numbness can be extremely mild and persistent for long durations of time or become extremely severe leading to compete loss of pain sensation, resulting in injuries. Listed below are some of the common symptoms of diabetes numbness you need to be aware of:
Signs & Symptoms of Numbness
Tingling sensation
Numbness caused due to diabetes will initially produce mild tingling sensation in the affected part, making it one of the preliminary warning signs of nerve damage.
Tingling sensation
Being a mild symptom, many patients suffering from diabetes tend to dismiss the symptom as nothing serious. However, if you are experiencing tingling sensation in your hands, legs or any other part of your body, it is highly recommended to pay a quick visit to the hospital and inform your physician about the same.
Peripheral Numbness
This is the most common symptom of diabetes numbness seen in affected individuals. In this condition, increased blood glucose levels affect the nerves present in the extremities of hands and legs, leading to numbness in the feet, toes and/or fingers. It could be extremely mild in the initial stages, making the affected person ignore the warning signs that indicate the formation of a more serious condition that could develop if proper care is not taken up immediately.
Peripheral Numbness
When left untreated due to negligence, the symptoms could worsen and lead to pain and complete numbness in the affected areas making it a grave cause of concern. With complete loss of sensation, the person might develop foot injury due to abrasions or friction on the skin surface when the foot comes in contact with external substances or objects.
Because the person fails to realize that his/her feet has been injured or hurt due to loss of pain sensation, injury leading to secondary complications and infections become inevitable. In extreme cases, diabetic numbness causing injuries to the feet are one of the main reasons for amputations in diabetic patients.
Also Read
Top 5 Symptoms Of Diabetic Problems
How To Treat Diabetic Neuropathy
Neuropathy Issues Caused By Diabetes
Causes Of Diabetic Neuropathy
Facial Numbness
In some cases, the person might complain about numbness being experienced in parts of his/her face due to nerve damage. Although not commonly seen in a majority of cases, diabetes symptoms of numbness on parts of the face indicate that the blood glucose levels are fluctuating at an alarming rate, making it a grave cause of concern that requires immediate medical attention.
Facial Numbness
Pain and Discomfort
In some cases, diabetes symptoms of numbness can be accompanied with pain and extreme discomfort in the affected area of the body. This is a direct result of nerve damage in the region. If you experience pain in the legs, hips, buttocks and/or thigh region, your body could be suffering from nerve damage that would ultimately lead to complete numbness.
Pain and Discomfort
Nasmeera Firdous | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tororo
Tororo is a town in the Eastern Region of Uganda. It is the main municipal, administrative, and commercial center of Tororo District.
History
Tororo was garrisoned by the Uganda Army's Air and Sea Battalion during the Uganda–Tanzania War (1978–79). On 2 March 1979, rebels loyal to Milton Obote attacked the town, whereupon part of the garrison defected while the rest was routed. Tororo was recaptured by the Uganda Army in a counterattack two days later; many local civilians were displaced by the fighting. A few weeks later, however, Ugandan President Idi Amin's rule throughout Uganda collapsed and the garrison of Tororo reportedly mutinied yet again. In late April 1979, the Tanzania People's Defence Force's (TPDF) 19th Battalion, 208th Brigade, moved into Tororo. They encountered no resistance. The town was largely deserted and completely looted. Journalists Tony Avirgan and Martha Honey stated that the local UA garrison had fled the city, whereas Tom Cooper and Adrien Fontanellaz claimed that the mutinous troops helped the anti-Amin forces to secure the town.
Tororo was captured by the National Resistance Army from the Uganda National Liberation Army (UNLA) in early February 1986 during the Ugandan Bush War. The UNLA counter-attacked in an attempt to retake Tororo and turn the tide in the war, but was repelled.
Geography
The town is approximately 10 km west of the town of Malaba at the border between Uganda and Kenya. This is approximately 209 km, by road, east of Kampala, Uganda's capital and largest city. The geographical coordinates of the town are 0°41'34.0"N, 34°10'54.0"E (Latitude:0.692780; Longitude:34.181655). Tororo town lies at an average elevation of 1278 m above sea level.
Climate
Tororo has a tropical monsoon climate with a short dry season The average annual temperature is 22.4 C (average high 28.7 C and average low 16.2 C). Average annual precipitation is 1494 mm. Tororo has many thunderstorms and may be the place where thunder occurs on more days than any other place on Earth. From September to December there is rain most days in the late afternoon. The drier and hotter season starts in December.
Population
In 2002, the national census put the population of the town of Tororo at 34,810. In 2010, the Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) estimated the population at 42,500. In 2011, UBOS estimated the mid-year population at 43,700. The 2014 national population census put the population at 41,906.
In 2015, the population of the town was projected at 43,100. In 2020, the mid-year population of Tororo Town was projected at 48,500. It was calculated that the population of this municipality grew at an average annual rate of 2.5 percent, between 2015 and 2020.
Industry
Tororo is home to three cement factories thus making Tororo the biggest producer of cement in the country. Tororo Cement Limited is the largest cement producer with 3 million tons produced annually. Tororo cement also produces nails, iron sheets, wire mesh among others.
Larfage has also established their Hima Cement factory in Tororo producing a variety of cement brands.
Tororo has National cement company Uganda Limited (Simba brand), inaugurated in August 2018 and producing 2000 metric tonnes daily.
It is also home to SEBA Foods, a food factory that was officially opened by the president of Uganda on 25 June 2010.
Electromaxx Limited constructed a 20 megawatt thermal plant, Tororo Power Station, which was commissioned in June 2010.
Tororo is also the location of Nilefos Minerals Limited, a subsidiary of the Madhvani Group of companies. Nilefos mines and processes phosphates for use in fertilizer and related industries.
Rail transport
Tororo marks the junction of railway lines to Pakwach, via Soroti, and to Kasese, via Kampala. Since 1993, the metre gauge line from Tororo Junction to Gulu and Pakwach has been out of use.
Rift Valley Railways funded the clearing of the line east to Gulu of vegetation and repairing track and bridges, thus allowing the first commercial train for 20 years to run through on the metre gauge track from the Kenyan port of Mombasa through Nairobi and Eldoret to the Kenyan frontier in Tororo and onwards to Gulu on the line to Pakwach on 14 September 2013.
Points of interest
The following additional points of interest lie within the town limits or near its edges:
1. The tourist attraction of the town is the dominating rock outcrop that overlooks the town known as Tororo Rock. It is a hike that takes around an hour to the top. There used to be a cable car that took people to the top but this was closed down after a couple of people died in an accident. There is a fee for a tour guide at the bottom of the rock, just off the golf course.
2. There is a golf course in town with a clubhouse with a pool
3. Offices of Tororo Town Council
4. The Tororo central market was knocked down in September 2017, to make way for a new indoor shopping centre that was predicted to be finished in 2020. This has led to a new market starting nearby in Water Village.
5. Tororo General Hospital, a 200-bed public hospital administered by the Uganda Ministry of Health.
6. Uganda Martyrs' Cathedral, the seat of the archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo
7. St. Anthony's Hospital (Uganda), a 150-bed mission hospital affiliated with the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tororo
8. Christ the King Priory, a Benedictine monastery of the Congregation of Missionary Benedictines of Saint Ottilien
9. Tororo–Mbale–Soroti Road begins here and continues in a northwesterly direction, to end 158 km away at Soroti.
10. Tororo Airport, a public airport administered by the Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda
11. Tororo Solar Power Station
12. Busitema University, one of the public universities in Uganda, located 28 km, by road, southwest of the central business district of Tororo town.
13. A mobile branch of PostBank Uganda
14. Branch of the National Social Security Fund.
Photos
* Photo of Tororo Rock 2
* Photo of Tororo Cement Works
* Photo of Rock Garden Hotel, Tororo
* Photo of Downtown Tororo | WIKI |
Kill Yourself or Someone You Love
Kill Yourself or Someone You Love is the second EP by black metal band Krieg. It was recorded live in Bitterfeld, Germany, in 2001.
Personnel
* Imperial – vocals
* Wrath – guitar
* SM Daemon – bass
* Butcher – drums | WIKI |
Rodea
Rodea may refer to:
* Rodea, protagonist of 2015 video game Rodea the Sky Soldier
* Eugenio López Rodea (1934–2022), founder of the beverage company Jumex
* Rodea, a tributary of Pamplonita River, in Norte de Santander, Colombia | WIKI |
Jill Derby
Jill Talbot Derby served from 1988 to 2006 as an elected Regent for the Nevada System of Higher Education, serving three terms as board chair. She ran as the Democratic candidate for the open seat of Nevada's 2nd congressional district in the 2006 election, losing but gaining national attention by making a normally heavily Republican district competitive. Following that, she served as the chairwoman of the Nevada Democratic Party from March, 2007 until February, 2008 overseeing Nevada's first ever early presidential caucus. She ran for Congress again in 2008, but lost.
Early life and education
Derby is a fourth generation Nevadan. Her great-grandfather, Thomas Derby II, acquired land along the now I-80 corridor through Lovelock, the current home to both the Derby Airport and the Derby Dam. Her grandfather, Charles Derby, worked as a mining engineer in the Virginia City mines, and her father attended Fourth Ward School in Virginia City, later moving to Lovelock to develop the Flying Flapjack Ranch, where Derby spent the first years of her life.
Derby attended the University of California, Berkeley and then the University of California, San Francisco, where she obtained a bachelor's degree. After residing in the Bay Area, teaching, and traveling, she took a job with a company in Saudi Arabia in 1966 and lived there for three years. Upon returning to the United States, she earned a second bachelor's degree in anthropology from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, followed by a master's degree and a Ph.D. in cultural anthropology with a specialization in Middle Eastern cultures from the University of California, Davis.
Personal life
Derby is married to veterinarian Steven Talbot. They have one daughter, Tobyn Derby-Talbot and one son, Ryan Derby-Talbot. Derby has lived in a Gardnerville, Nevada home for more than twenty years.
2006 Congressional Campaign
Derby ran against Nevada Secretary of State Dean Heller, who won the Republican nomination in August and the general election in November.
Derby was always fighting an uphill battle in her campaign to win a historically Republican district. Although she did win the Democratic primary by default (no Democrat challenged her in the primary election), many claimed she had no chance of winning. When polls showed the race was tied, President George W. Bush came to Nevada twice to campaign for Heller.
Derby had numerous supporters early on. In December 2005, CNN political analyst Paul Begala, who helped engineer Bill Clinton's 1992 win, said he was encouraged by U.S. Rep. Rahm Emanuel, chairman of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee to "stump" for Derby. In July the Las Vegas Sun reported Derby raised $269,000, ending with nearly $514,000 on hand for her campaign.
On September 20, 2006, the Las Vegas Sun reported, "Heller was 8 points ahead of Democrat Jill Derby of Gardnerville. In a Reno Gazette-Journal-KRNV News 4 poll taken soon later with a 4 percent margin of error, 18 percent of the potential voters were undecided."
The race was close, but Heller managed to maintain a 5 percent lead winning 50% of the vote compared to Derby's 45%. Derby carried Washoe County, home to Reno and by far the largest county in the district. However, Heller ran up enough of a margin in the rest of the district to win.
In response to her defeat Derby said "I got into this race to take Congress back, to restore the checks and balances that have been absent in our government, and get our country back on track to a brighter future. All that got accomplished in this election. We lost our battle but we won the war."
Democratic Chairwoman
On March 31, 2007, Nevada Democrats elected Derby as the state chairwoman of the Democratic party. Derby led the party during Nevada's historic early presidential caucus on Jan. 19, 2008, which resulted in a statewide shift of voter registration leading to a Democratic majority in Nevada for the first time in decades. She stepped down on February 19, 2008, to run for Congress.
2008 Congressional Campaign
On February 20, 2008, Derby announced a second run for Nevada's 2nd congressional district against her previous opponent, freshman congressman Dean Heller. | WIKI |
Alekhine's Gun (video game)
Alekhine's Gun (previously known as Death to Spies 3: Ghost of Moscow) is a third-person stealth action video game set during World War II and the Cold War developed and published by Maximum Games. It is the third installment in the series that began with Death to Spies which was followed by its sequel Death to Spies: Moment of Truth, developed by Haggard Games and released in 2007 and 2009 respectively. Alekhine's Gun features open maps with multiple methods to complete levels. It was released on March 1, 2016, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The name is borrowed from that of a powerful chess formation used by former World Champion Alexander Alekhine in a match against fellow grandmaster Aron Nimzowitsch.
Gameplay
Alekhine's Gun is a third-person stealth game. The title comes from a chess formation named after former World Chess Champion Alexander Alekhine.
The protagonist is Semyon Strogov, designated as Agent "Alekhine", a KGB agent recruited by the CIA. The game takes place primarily during the 1960s era of the Cold War, with flashback missions set in World War II. The game features eleven missions which are set in Austria, Cuba, Florida, Germany, New York City, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Texas. Each mission is described as being non-linear in design, featuring multiple ways of completing tasks. The plot features around historical events such as the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. The game allows players to choose between straightforward shootouts or more subtle stealth-orientated gameplay with the use of items such as poison and garrotes and by staging "accidents" as distractions or means of eliminating targets. Each mission can be replayed differently to improve the player's performance. At the end of each level the player receives a different ranking depending on their style of play such as "Maniac" or "Ghost". They are also graded on "Noise", "Violence", "Accuracy" and "Professionalism". In addition, points are awarded which can be used to buy or upgrade weapons and equipment.
Plot
On November 22, 1963, CIA officer Vincent Rambaldi commits suicide after his family is murdered an hour after President John F. Kennedy's assassination.
A year earlier, KGB Colonel Semyon Strogov is questioned by his superior about his first meeting with Rambaldi. In 1943, Strogov had infiltrated Bergenhus Castle in Norway, occupied by Waffen-SS forces conducting experiments to develop a "super-soldier serum", and eliminated German scientist Dr. Hans Heinrich and his handler, SS commander Martin Fichtner. While escaping, he found Rambaldi held captive in an underground cell. After agreeing to swap documents taken from Heinrich's office in return for his freedom, the two men escaped together.
A year later, Strogov is sent to a hotel in neutral Switzerland to identify and kill a mole in Soviet intelligence and retrieve stolen information from Paolo Minelli, an Italian diplomat and Abwehr contact. Upon finishing the mission, he discovers Rambaldi outside and learns that he also sought the documents but was misled by a captured Soviet operative about where Minelli was staying. The two are ambushed by Gestapo agents monitoring the hotel, and are forced to fight their way out. Afterwards, Strogov secretly shares the intel with Rambaldi. Their paths cross again when Strogov is assigned to a joint operation with the OSS. Strogov, with Rambaldi's assistance, assassinates Dr. Berthold Stoltz and his assistant Adolf Krause, both key members of the "Uranium Project", in a secret underground facility beneath Salzburg, Austria. On his way out, he is discovered by German soldiers, but Rambaldi's partner, Andrew Pearson, rescues him when he's held at gunpoint.
In October 1963, Strogov and his collaboration with Rambaldi is fully reviewed by his superior and a fellow agent, KGB Lieutenant Vera Pavlova. Strogov and Vera, posing as a married couple, travel to New York and make contact with Rambaldi, who is working on exposing an anti-government conspiracy within the CIA to trigger a war between the United States and the Soviet Union. Given the code-name "Alekhine", Strogov is informed that no government official or intelligence agency should learn about his mission, otherwise he and Vera will be disavowed. Vera and Strogov rendezvous with Rambaldi, who takes them to his safe house, where he and Pearson have put together a small team of trustworthy CIA agents.
Rambaldi explains to Strogov that the conspirators are working with the Mafia to sabotage American bases and defense assets. He requests that Strogov go to the Red Dragon, a social club in New York's Chinatown, where mafia soldier Paul Capello and CIA analyst Terrence Shaw are meeting to review details of the operation. Strogov sneaks in, assassinates the targets, and obtains Capello's plans. His next mission takes him to the headquarters of a biker gang in Texas, as their president, Alejandro Vargas, is a longtime CIA informant suspected of abducting a reporter investigating his gang. Strogov goes to Texas and discovers that the reporter was tortured to death. He eliminates Vargas's second-in-command Phil Munson, abducts Vargas himself, and brings him to Rambaldi. Vargas discloses the existence of training camps for preparing soldiers, but Pearson accidentally kills him in interrogation before he can reveal anything else.
Strogov goes to Miami, where he kills the boss and consigliere of the Cataldo crime family, both of whom are involved in the conspiracy, while framing their rivals for the murders. Rambaldi identifies one of the camps, located just off the coast of Miami, and has Vera drive Strogov to its location, where he kills the commandant and plants tracking devices on the ships. Strogov finds that he is growing closer to Vera, who asks him to retire from the KGB after their mission is complete. Having learned that Rambaldi also intends to retire to spend more time with his family, Strogov seriously considers the possibility.
A second camp, located near Cuba, is dismantled by the Cuban military after Strogov sends them a transmission from the camp's radio, kills the officer in charge, and steals sensitive documents. When he returns to find Vera, he discovers her on the verge of death, learning that the group has been betrayed. Vera dies, but not before urging Strogov to finish their mission. Forced to act alone, Strogov foils a plot by Cuban saboteurs and a disgruntled Navy captain to blow up an aircraft carrier and frame the Soviets. A few hours later, President Kennedy is killed, followed by the murder of Rambaldi's family and his suicide. Strogov finds a memo left to him by Rambaldi, deducing that Pearson is the traitor. Having anticipated this, Pearson has Strogov arrested in New York, having already contacted both the CIA and the FBI to frame him for the deaths of Rambaldi's team.
Strogov breaks out of custody, steals back the evidence against him from police lockup, and abducts Pearson to question him. Pearson reveals that the two primary leaders of the conspiracy are Admiral Bruce Gardner, a senior Kennedy administration official, and an unnamed German man with ties to the Department of Defense. Strogov kills Pearson and locates the conspiracy's leaders, who have taken refuge in a high-security military bunker in an undisclosed location to finalize their plans.
Strogov infiltrates the base, assassinates Gardner, and finds the office of the unnamed German. Stepping inside, he is held at gunpoint by the man, who turns out to be a former high-level Nazi officer who once ran the Bergen operation that Strogov dismantled in 1943. The latter explains that after the surrender of Germany, he deliberately surrendered to the Americans and was recruited as an American asset to work in intelligence. He used this position to resurrect his primary goal of bringing about a new world order by manipulating the United States into declaring war on Communism. Strogov kills him and exposes the conspiracy to the CIA, who arrest the other top conspirators. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson assumes Kennedy's office and seeks a new peace with the Soviet Union.
In 1964, a retired Strogov visits Vincent Rambaldi's grave, pays his homage, salutes as a fellow soldier, and quietly walks away.
Development
The game was first announced in 2010 by 1C Company under the title Death to Spies 3: Ghost of Moscow, developed by Haggard Games. In 2011, 1C Company withdrew from the publishing contract. Haggard Games continued developing the title. A crowdfunding campaign was launched on Indiegogo in 2013 and another on Kickstarter in 2014, both of which failed. In June 2014, Maximum Games was announced as the new publisher and developer making it their first in-house game.
Release
The game was originally set to be released on November 10, 2015, for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One but was delayed to February 9, 2016, due to a delay with the console versions and to allow for a simultaneous worldwide release. A pre-order edition is available for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One featuring a limited edition chess piece. Then, it was delayed once again to March 1, 2016.
Reception
Alekhine's Gun has received negative reviews from critics, scoring 36/100 on Metacritic, and 35.00% on GameRankings.
Jason Bohn of Hardcore Gamer gave the game a 2-out-of-5, saying, "The right ideas are in place, but everything about the execution falls flat on its face. Considering how much I wanted to enjoy this, the average player probably won't be able to handle a full playthrough."
Possible sequel
In late 2019, it was announced by Haggard Games that they had regained the rights to the Death to Spies franchise from Maximum Games and that they had begun development on a new project entitled Death to Spies X. From time to time, the studio would release development builds of the project on their YouTube channel, showing off the games mechanics and how it was improved over its predecessor.[1 ] They are currently in the final stages of the pre-alpha phase and plan to start a Kickstarter for the project as soon as its finished. | WIKI |
Talk:Paid to click/Archives/2013
Untitled
This page should show the majority of PTC websites on the Internet. And there should be rules for putting your referral link on the sites as well. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Seanathome (talk • contribs)
* The current practice regarding individual referral links is to revert on sight. Many PTC providers end up being blacklisted because people spam individual referral links. Some of our antispam folks will even go as far as to report individuals to the abuse department of the PTC provider for spamming, which is usually against the terms of service for providers. My advice to anyone considering adding an individual referral link to Wikipedia is : Don't do it! -- Versa geek 00:51, 2 January 2009 (UTC)
That makes sense. Thanks for clarifying, Versageek! -- Seanathome | WIKI |
Schools are a place for students to grow morally and emotionally — let's encourage them | TheHill
As students around the country prepare to join the National School Walkout to protest political inaction around gun violence, many schools are still debating whether or not to punish students for missing class. Although legal rights organizations such as the ACLU have tweeted that schools cannot punish students more harshly for protesting than for any other unexcused absence, some schools have made it clear they intend to teach students a lesson. ADVERTISEMENT
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One school superintendent in Texas, for example, promised a three-day suspension for any student who engaged in any mass-shooting related protest or walkout during school hours. “A school is a place to learn and grow educationally, emotionally and morally,” he wrote. “A disruption of the school will not be tolerated.” Students, he decreed, have to learn that life is about choices and choices have consequences. Schools are for education, not political protests. However, if schools were truly a place for students to grow “emotionally and morally,” wouldn’t engaging in a demonstration of solidarity to protest the all too recurrent slaughter of concertgoers, church assemblies, and schoolchildren be one of the most emotionally engaging and morally relevant activities they could undertake? And if life is all about choices and consequences, wouldn’t the choice to allow students to engage in one of the most cherished traditions of our democracy — namely, political dissent — potentially result in a profound and historically significant educational experience? The fact is that our educational institutions are often not places that foster emotional and moral growth within students. Why? Part of the reason is because while our schools are pretty good at teaching students how to do things, they fail at teaching why things matter. School officials tend to assume that if you simply teach students how things work, the “why it’s important” will naturally follow. But this is precisely the opposite of how we learn and grow in the world. People need reasons, stories, and context to direct their skills. We need the why to give us a context to understand and use the how. We need the why to give us good reasons to learn the how. The why makes the how relevant. The why makes the how endurable. The why makes the how possible. This is what Nietzsche meant when he wrote, “He who has a why to live can bear almost any how.” No one attempting to gain admission to medical school, for example, will say they are applying because they really want to become proficient at reading histology slides. No, they come because they are driven by something deeper and more profound, something that addresses the question, why? We must also remember that our students learn as much from what we don’t teach as what we actually teach. These anti-teaching moments are what scholars call the “hidden curriculum.” So, when a university refuses to make a statement in response to the racial violence in Charlottesville, it tacitly teaches students that confronting racism is not an educational priority. And when a high school suspends students for demonstrating against mass shootings, it teaches that political deliberation has no place within formal education. You can teach students the concept of democracy, but if you suspend them for engaging in the democratic process, you are teaching a much more potent and memorable lesson. And herein lies the danger. Without articulating a why to animate learners, without the courage and fortitude to take a stand on the moral and political issues that matter to our students and by teaching by not teaching, schools not only squander precious teachable moments, they abdicate their role as a moral compass for students. Fortunately students are taking charge and leading themselves. For example: The One Mind Youth Movement, which has been instrumental in the fight against the Dakota Access Pipeline; the youths who were on the front lines of the Ferguson protests; the University of Missouri student protests against campus racism that culminated in the resignation of the school’s president and chancellor; the National WhiteCoats4BlackLives Movement that made up of over 50 medical schools and the recent Never Again Movement to address school shootings — students are filling the leadership vacuum by courageously taking righteous political stands. The last few weeks over 260 colleges, including my own, have demonstrated leadership by committing to defend the #NeverAgain Movement by not allowing disciplinary action due to political protest to affect admissions decisions. But our schools can and must do more. They must teach not only with words, but more crucially, through example. They must listen and be responsive to the political and social issues that invigorate their students. They must truly heed the lofty mission statements that every institution has buried on a webpage somewhere, but few actually live up to. And they must make righteous political stands, giving students a why to guide them in the midst of too much how. William H. Eidtson, Ed.D. is the director of academic skills and accessibility services and an instructor of medical education at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
One could easily argue that there are plenty of cons when it comes to rooting the Android operating system found on your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone, but that is no reason not to pursue it. While I do agree that rooting the Android OS is not for everyone–especially if your experience is not on part with the typical Android geeks–but rooting the device is going to give many people out there the freedom to do what they want with the operating system. Most find the idea of a company being able to lock us into the environment they want after we purchase a smartphone as outlandish, and it is usually those people who want to root Samsung smartphone. Don’t get me wrong, Samsung smartphones and devices, in general, are some of my favorite on the planet, and everything that Samsung does to them is fine with me so provided that I can have the freedom to make adjustments to where I see fit. Take the system apps for example. Removing the system apps that Samsung and your phone carrier networks have always been one of the main reasons to root the Android OS that is running on your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone. More recent versions of Android have included options to freeze many of these system apps that were common ones to put a stop to, but not all system apps can be frozen. Still, the fact that companies like Android are giving us features to freeze system apps goes a long way to showing that they too feel companies like Samsung and even your phone carrier networks should not have the ability to lock you into using their services once you have bought the device already. For anyone who has tried using the options to freeze system apps and has failed or found out that there is not an option to freeze the particular system app that they want to be frozen, you should look into rooting the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone instead.
Rooting the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone, in general, is not just apps removing the system apps. The system applications are just one of many reasons. Applications as a whole and what rooting allows you to do with them is much more of a reason to root your device. Android has come along way over the years and now includes oodles more features that it once did, but it is hard to argue that Android is still made for a mass audience, and it does not hit the sweet spot for many owners. The more you get into Android and tech the more you get the urge to tinker with the operating system and have it customize so that it is more to your needs and particular tastes. Tasker is one example of an application that everything can install on the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge smartphone that allows people to do more than they once could. Have you ever wanted to have your device automatically connect to the WiFi network when it gets close to your home? A Newer version of Android has given us the chance to do that, but Tasker takes it one step further. Not only will your handset connect to WiFi but Tasker gives you the opportunity to remove the lock screen when connected to the WIFi home network.
Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus
Chainfire has created a new version of the CF-Auto-Root tool that is based on the MMB29K.G928TUVU2DPD1 firmware build number. That build number is a firmware that rolled out to the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus with the SM-G928T model number to some areas. It does not matter if that same build number did roll out to your device or not because your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone does not need to be running on the same build number. As long as you have the Galaxy S6 Edge Plus with the SM-G928T running on a version of the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow updates, it should work perfectly fine. The reason Chainfire includes the build number that he used to create the rooting method is that he knows that sometimes a Samsung smartphone like the Galaxy S6 Edge Plus might not boot an old image.
Files You Need
• Download the new CF-Auto-Root package that is made to root the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus SM-G928T when it is running on the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow software update from here.
• Download the Samsung USB Drivers on the Windows computer from here.
You need a computer that is running a version of the Windows operating system to use this guide.
You need the T-Mobile variant of the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone that comes with the SM-G928T model number to use this guide without bricking the device.
The following guide is made for the T-Mobile Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus that comes with the SM-G928T model number when it is running on the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow software updates.
There could be a few Android software updates that roll out to the T-mobile Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone that bring new bootloaders with them. The new bootloaders can often present a temporary problem for the CF-Auto-Root tool in that Chainfire needs to update the files. He relies on people to submit the new recovery image files that are found inside the firmware packages that are causing the problems on the official CF-Auto-Root tool thread made at the XDA-Developers website, and it shows up so he can see the message you have left along with the required recovery image files. He then applies the updates that are necessary, so the CF-Auto-Root tool in this guide starts working again. The changes that Chainfire makes are always automatically reflected in our guides because we are linking directly to the Chainfire repository.
Rooting the T-Mobile Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus SM-G928T when it is running on the Android 6.0.1 (Marshmallow) software updates
1. Unlock the Developer Options menu on the Galaxy S6 Edge Plus (T-Mobile) smartphone so you can use the new menu found inside the Developer Options.
2. Enable the USB Debugging Mode from inside the newly unlocked Developer Options menu that you just unlocked in the step above.
3. Run the USB Drivers from Samsung on the computer that has the files, so your Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone can be detected by the Odin flashing application and have the CF-Auto-Root tool flashed.
4. Extract the rooting file (CF-Auto-Root) to the desktop of the computer so you can see the Odin flashing application and the rooting exploit file on the desktop.
5. Double-click on the Odin executable (.exe) file that is on the desktop so that your flashing tool opens up, and you can see the user interface with al lof its buttons available.
6. Do not make any changes to the default settings you get from its buttons.
7. Boot the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus (T-Mobile) smartphone into the download mode and then connect it to the computer with the USB cable.
8. Check that you can see a blue or yellow ID: COM port coming from the Odin flashing applications user interface which is letting you know that your device is connected properly, and the Samsung USB Drivers that you installed earlier are working.
9. Click the AP button from the Odin user interface and then browse the desktop location for the CF-Auto-Root tool that is ending in the tar.md5 file extension.
10. Click on the Start button and then check the screen of your smartphone.
11. Check that you can see the text rolling down the display of your phone that says it is getting the SuperSU installed, then cleaning up the cache partition and then reflashing the stock recovery.
12. Now check out the computer display for the Odin user interface and check that you get a green pass message in a box.
In conclusion, that is how to root the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus SM-G928T by T-Mobile when it is running on the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow software updates by using Chainfire’s updated versions of the CF-Auto-Root tool. As mentioned, the guide should work for all versions of the Android 6.0.1 Marshmallow updates and not just the one build number that Chainfire gives. The only thing you need is to make sure you have the right model number.
Now that CF-Auto-Root has finished with your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone it will reboot back into the normal mode, and you will find a new application available from your app drawers which are the SuperSU that CF-Auto-Root just finished installing.
You can hit up the Google Play Store as soon as you get into the standard mode and start downloading the app that you could not install before because they needed the access to the root file system to run. Some of those applications I am referring to include the Titanium backup app, ROM Toolbox, Tasker, Xposed Framework and Dumpster. Additionally, you might want to install one of the many root checker applications that are available. As usual, the more popular ones are probably the most reliable. Once you use the root checker app and it confirms your smartphone is, in fact, rooted then you can start installing your root apps and any problems that you might have with them you know not to worry about whether your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone is rooted or not.
Now that you have the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone from T-Mobile confirmed as rooted, you can check out all the amazing things anyone can do with a rooted Android operating system. The article goes into details about removing the system apps that we call bloatware when they are not welcomed, installing a custom recovery, installing a custom ROM, custom kernel, installing more applications that need access to the root file system to run. Moreover, you can do the traditional things like increasing the battery life or the hardware performance of your phone so you can hopefully hold off upgrading for a little while longer.
Those who tried installing the root checker app but were greeted with an unwelcome unrooted message can try a few things to help solve the problem. The first thing you might want to check is to see if your phone is getting into the recovery mode that the CF-Auto-Root tool needs before the rooting will work. The CF-Auto-Root tool is programmed to get the smartphone automatically into the recovery mode by itself, but it will not always happen. You can fix it by just booting your phone up into the recovery mode after the flashing is done. So as soon as your see your Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone reboot after the flashing, that is the time to hold down your hardware button combination for the recovery mode, and it should solve your problem.
Those of you who have tried fixing the CF-Auto-Root tool by holding down the hardware button combination after recovery mode but didn’t find it help can try installing one of the other versions of the Odin flashing application. Yes, Odin comes in many versions and not just the one version that comes bundled in with your rooting package. You can install any of the Odin flashing application versions since they are all available for the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Plus smartphone, and I promise that if Odin is your problem that at least one of those versions will work. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Iriondo Department
The Iriondo Department (in Spanish, Departamento Iriondo) is an administrative subdivision (departamento) of the. It is located in the south of the province. It limits with the departments of San Jerónimo in the north, San Lorenzo in the east, Caseros in the south, and Belgrano in the west. It is one of only three departments in Santa Fe that do not border another province.
The department has a population of over 65,000 inhabitants. Its head town and most populated urban center is Cañada de Gómez (population 30,000). Other cities and towns are Bustinza, Carrizales, Classon, Correa, Lucio V. López, Oliveros, Pueblo Andino, Salto Grande, Serodino, Totoras, and Villa Eloísa. | WIKI |
Mevo Hama
Mevo Hama (מְבוֹא חַמָּה) is an Israeli settlement organized as a kibbutz in the Golan Heights. The settlement was established as a kibbutz after Israel occupied the area in the Six Day War in 1967. The southernmost Israeli settlement in the Golan, it is located 2 km from the Sea of Galilee at a height of 350 m above sea level and falls under the jurisdiction of Golan Regional Council. In it had a population of.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.
History
The second Israeli settlement established in the Golan after the 1967 Six-Day War, it was built on a Syrian military base called "Emrit Ez Edeen", from which the Syrians had fired at the kibbutzim on the border (Ein Gev and HaOn). In January 1968, several members of the surrounding kibbutzim gathered and decided to establish a new settlement in the area and in September had settled the ruins of the base. They were joined in 1971 by several youth groups from Israel, Australia and England. The name of the settlement, meaning The Gateway of, or Approach to, the Hot Springs, referring to nearby Hamat Gader, was given to it by author Mattityahu Shalem. | WIKI |
Petro Vlahos
Petro Vlahos (August 20, 1916 – February 10, 2013) was an American engineer and inventor, considered to be one of the pioneering scientific and technical innovators of the motion picture and television industries. He is remembered in particular for creating the Ultimatte process, which refined the colour process known as chroma keying (i.e. "bluescreening"). In recognition of his contributions, he was awarded multiple Oscars, as well as an Emmy Award.
Early life
Vlahos was born in Raton, New Mexico, the son of Greek immigrants. He showed an early aptitude for electronics and ham radio, and in 1941, he gained his Engineering degree from the University of California at Berkeley. He worked as a designer for Douglas Aircraft in World War II, and later as a radar engineer at Bell Laboratories. After the war, he moved to Hollywood and worked for MGM.
Hollywood career
The technology used today as a way of combining actors with background footage still derives from the techniques he developed. Vlahos was not the first to use the blue-screen technology — it was invented by Larry Butler for the 1940 filming of The Thief of Bagdad — but he made the process much more realistic and scientific. He created a system called the sodium vapor process first for The Parent Trap and The Absent-Minded Professor and later the Disney musical Mary Poppins (1964) which would win him an academy award. For the film Ben Hur he refined the color-difference bluescreen process that made memorable visual effects possible in films and developed a way to minimize the unfortunate side effects of earlier methods. Vlahos' breakthrough was to create a complicated laboratory process which involved separating the blue, green and red parts of each frame before combining them back together in a certain order. He moved the process along and introduced the use of motion control cameras during bluescreen work. He called his cutting-edge invention the colour-difference travelling matte scheme. Along with his son, Paul Vlahos, he founded the Ultimatte Corporation in Chatsworth, California, in 1976. His company's first Ultimatte units were analog "black boxes" which later evolved into advanced, real-time digital hardware and computer software products.
When sci-fi and fantasy films became dominant at the box office, Vlahos’ techniques became dominant in filmmaking, essential to movies such as the Star Wars trilogy. Refinements of his pioneering technique were used to make many of the blockbuster films of the 1990s, notably Titanic (1997), in which dangerous, expensive or difficult to film scenes were finally possible.
In all, Petro Vlahos held more than 35 patents for film-related gadgetry.
Accolades
A member of the Academy’s original Motion Picture Research Council, he was honored by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences many times, starting with a Scientific and Technical Award in 1960 for a camera flicker indicating device.
He won his first Oscar in 1964 for the "conception and perfection of techniques for color traveling matte composite cinematography."
In 1978, Petro won an Emmy Award for Ultimatte Compositing Technology.
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences gave him a Medal of Commendation in 1992. In 1993 he was the recipient of the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, his second Oscar.
In 1995, he shared a third Oscar (Academy Scientific and Technical Award) with his son, Paul, for the blue-screen advances made by Ultimatte Corporation. | WIKI |
Get access
The effects of fruit juices on drug disposition: a new model for drug interactions
Authors
George K. Dresser, MD, Department of Medicine, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Campus, 370 South Street, London, Canada. Tel.: +1-519-667-6639; fax: +1-519-667-6636; e-mail: george.dresser@lhsc.on.ca
Abstract
Grapefruit juice produces mechanism-based inhibition of intestinal drug metabolism when consumed in normal quantities. This can produce clinically important increases in oral drug bioavailability when coadministered with substrates of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) that undergo high presystemic metabolism. Furanocoumarins such as bergamottin and 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin have been identified as probable active constituents. Grapefruit juice may also inhibit intestinal P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux transport of drugs such as cyclosporine to increase its oral bioavailability. However, grapefruit juice does not enhance the absorption of digoxin, a prototypical P-glycoprotein substrate, likely because it has high inherent oral bioavailability. Grapefruit and other fruit juices have recently been shown to be potent in vitro inhibitors of a number of organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). These juices were also found to decrease the absorption of the nonmetabolized OATP substrate, fexofenadine. Taken together, the data support inhibition of intestinal uptake transporters by fruit juices to decrease drug bioavailability. This would represent a new mechanism for food–drug interactions. These findings with grapefruit and other fruit juices continue to enhance our understanding of the complex nature of food–drug interactions, and their possible influence on the clinical effects of medications.
Ancillary | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
3 High-Yield REITs for Extra Income
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
Income investors are in a difficult position. Interest rates remain near zero, meaning yields across fixed income have declined over the past several years. When it comes to stocks, the rally to all-time highs in the market has caused the average dividend yield of the S&P 500 index to decline to around 1.3%. This is why investors looking for higher levels of income can look to high-yield REITs.
Real estate investment trusts, or REITs for short, generally offer high dividend yields because they are required to pay out substantially all of their earnings to shareholders. This results in high payout ratios, but also high yields that are routinely several times that of the broader market.
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And in the case of the three stocks we’ll look at below, that is certainly true, given these three have above-market yields even when compared to other REITs. They are:
Annaly Capital Management (NYSE:NLY)
Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance NYSE:ARI)
Omega Healthcare Investors (NYSE:OHI)
REITs: Annaly Capital Management (NLY)
Source: Shutterstock
First on our list of REITs is Annaly Capital Management, which is a REIT that invests in financial assets, rather than physical assets.
To that end, Annaly buys and holds agency mortgage-backed securities, non-agency residential mortgage assets, residential mortgage loans, commercial mortgage loans, and other related real estate investments.
The trust was founded in 1996, employs 180 people, should generate around $1.8 billion in revenue this year, and trades with a market capitalization of $12.3 billion. These numbers make Annaly one of the largest REITs in the market.
We see Annaly struggling to grow from current levels of earnings, both given that it has seen earnings declines in recent history, as well as an unfavorable environment for leveraged REITs such as Annaly. Annaly borrows short-term money to then lend it long-term via its securities investments, so the spread it can achieve between short- and long-term rates is absolutely critical.
When rates are falling – as they were in the recent past – leveraged investment shops like Annaly have a difficult time maintaining profitable spreads. With interest rates still very low and the yield curve relatively flat, we continue to see Annaly as struggling to grow, and put its annual earnings growth at -0.2%.
Annaly has an enormous amount of debt, as one would expect for a mREIT. However, Annaly has worked in recent years to use securities proceeds to pay down debt, and its net debt position has declined from $114 billion in 2019 to $60 billion as of the end of September. However, that has also corresponded to a decline in assets, which have declined from $131 billion to $77 billion over the same time frame. Annaly will always carry a lot of debt because that’s how the mREIT model works, but it can also lead to volatile earnings.
The stock’s payout ratio is currently about 80%, which is OK for a REIT given the trust has to return almost all of its earnings to shareholders. Annaly has cut its payout several times in the past decade, so that’s something to keep in mind. But the current payout looks sustainable, and the stock currently sports a massive 10.2% yield.
Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance (ARI)
Source: Shutterstock
Next up is Apollo Commercial Real Estate Finance, a REIT that is somewhat similar to Annaly in that it is a mREIT, not one that buys physical properties. Apollo originates, acquires, invests in, and manages commercial loans, subordinate financings, and related real estate debt instruments.
The trust was founded in 2009, generates about $270 million in revenue, and trades with a market capitalization of $2.1 billion.
Like Annaly, Apollo has had a difficult time growing earnings in recent years. The business model requires borrowing and investing the proceeds, so the spread is everything. With interest rates still quite low, Apollo has seen relatively flat earnings over recent years, excluding a sizable decline in 2020 related to the pandemic. We expect normalized earnings for 2021.
Still, given the challenges for the sector, we see a 7.2% earnings contraction annually in the coming years, as Apollo struggles to grow earnings on a per-share basis. Industry headwinds with interest rates, as well as a rapidly-increasing share count should keep a lid on Apollo’s earnings growth.
Apollo’s dividend is always very high in comparison to earnings, as it has routinely paid out more than 100% of earnings over the past decade, making up the deficit with newly issued common shares. The trust’s dividend has been cut multiple times to account for this, and the current payout is right near 100% of projected earnings for this year, so we believe there may be more cuts on the way.
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Still, Apollo sports a current yield of more than 9%, so as a pure-play income stock, it is still quite appealing.
REITs: Omega Healthcare Investors (OHI)
Source: Shutterstock
Finally, we have Omega Healthcare Investors, a REIT that invests in long-term healthcare facilities, such as skilled nursing and assisted living. Unlike Apollo and Annaly, Omega holds physical properties, and operates with a triple-net lease structure that minimizes operating costs for Omega. It is active all over the U.S., and has a small presence in the UK as well.
Omega was founded in 1992, produces about $935 million in annual revenue, and trades with a $7.2 billion market capitalization.
We see modest growth ahead for Omega, coming in at 2% annually for the foreseeable future. The trust benefits from favorable demographic trends in terms of population growth in older segments. These are Omega’s customers that require some sort of assisted living, providing a wave of demand that we expect will last decades. This helps Omega produce reliable cash flows, and over time, it has produced growing earnings and dividends, both of which we expect will continue.
Omega has grown its balance sheet slowly in recent years, taking on small amounts of additional leverage when an acquisition presents itself. Omega’s balance sheet is leveraged, but that is to be expected from REITs. We don’t see Omega’s leverage as an issue, and its payout ratio is around 80% for this year. With those things in mind, we see the 8.9% dividend yield as secure for the foreseeable future.
Final Thoughts
REITs can offer investors terrific income generation, but they come with their own set of risks. Financial REITs, such as Annaly and Apollo, offer a unique set of growth and risk characteristics when compared to physical asset REITs, such as Omega.
7 European Stocks to Buy to Diversify Your Portfolio
All three REITs offer enormous dividend yields, along with varying levels of growth.
On the date of publication, Bob Ciura did not have (either directly or indirectly) positions in any of the securities mentioned in this article. The opinions expressed in this article are those of the writer, subject to the InvestorPlace.com Publishing Guidelines.
Bob Ciura has worked at Sure Dividend since 2016. He oversees all content for Sure Dividend and its partner sites. Prior to joining Sure Dividend, Bob was an independent equity analyst. His articles have been published on major financial websites such as The Motley Fool, Seeking Alpha, Business Insider and more. Bob received a bachelor’s degree in Finance from DePaul University and an MBA with a concentration in investments from the University of Notre Dame.
The post 3 High-Yield REITs for Extra Income appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
JAK Members Bank
The JAK Members Bank, or JAK Medlemsbank, is a cooperative, member-owned financial institution based in Skövde, Sweden, and based on a concept that arose in Denmark in 1931. JAK is an acronym for Jord Arbete Kapital in Swedish or Land Labour Capital, the factors of production in classical economics. A membership of approximately 39,000 (as of December 2015) dictates the Bank's policies and direction. The Board of Directors is elected annually by members, who are each allowed only one share in the bank. All of the bank's activities occur outside of the capital market as its loans are financed solely by member savings. Administrative and developmental costs are paid for by membership and loans.
JAK banking employs the "Saving Points" system: members accumulate Saving Points during saving periods and use them when applying for a loan. The concept is that one is allowed to take out a loan for oneself to the same extent as one allows other people to be granted loans, saving into one's account. For this reason (applying for a loan), earned Saving Points must be equal to spent Saving Points to ensure sustainability. If a member is borrowing more saving points than they currently possess, they are obliged to continue accumulating "aftersavings" during the repayment period. Aftersavings are a fixed quota of money that a member must save after one's loan was made, so they can continue to earn Saving Points. This way, at the end of the repayment period, Saving Points earned will be equal to Saving Points spent, and at that time they will be able to have back all their aftersavings.
JAK also offers a couple of loans where you do not need any saving points.
History
The co-operative society Jord Arbejde Kapital was founded in Denmark during the Great Depression in 1931. The society issued a popular local currency which was subsequently outlawed by the Danish government in 1933. In 1934 it founded an interest-free savings and loan system and a Local Exchange Trading System. Though both systems were forced to close, the savings and loan system re-emerged in 1944. The experience of JAK-banking in Denmark inspired a group in Sweden to develop a non-profit organisation named Jord Arbete Kapital - Riksförening för Ekonomisk Frigörelse (National Association for Economic Emancipation) in 1965. This pioneers' group developed a mathematical system based on Saving Points, designated the "balanced saving system". The association grew slowly at first. In 1997, a legislative amendment required the association to receive a banking license from the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority in order to continue operating as a financial institution, which was granted in that year. The bank's deposits are insured by the government.
Philosophy
According to JAK's philosophy, economic instability arises out of and is a consequence of the levying of interest.
JAK operates under the following principles:
* Interest moves money from the poor to the rich
* Interest favours projects which yield high profits in the short term
The main aim of the bank is to provide its members with a viable, feasible financial instrument, sustainable for the environment and serving the local economy.
Membership
Marketing for JAK is done primarily by volunteers and word-of-mouth advertising. Deposits are accepted and loans are given in Swedish Krona (SEK). Mortgages or personal guarantees may be made only if the property or the guarantor is Swedish. It is compulsory to have Swedish residency to apply for a loan from JAK. The savings of members are covered under the deposit guarantees of the Swedish banking system.
Konsumentverket versus JAK Members Bank
In 2017, Konsumentverket sued JAK Members Bank for misleading its customers – the banks claims of interest-free loans were false and misleading. Swedish court sided with Konsumentverket and banned JAK Members Bank from calling its loans "interest-free".
Inaccessible customer funds
In early 2024, Dagens Nyheter reported that thousands of bank's customers could not withdraw their money. Some customers have not received their withdrawals after more than 7 years of waiting. The bank is unable to fulfil withdrawals without going under.
JAK in other countries
JAK organisations exist in Denmark, Germany and Italy, in addition to Sweden. There was also an earlier attempt to start such a bank in Norway.
The Danish organisations, which date back to 1931, are known as J.A.K. Andelskasser, and there are 14 independent organisations which hold the legal status of andelskasse, which is a form of bank in Denmark. They are all members of Landsforeningen J.A.K., the association of JAK organisations.
Literature
* Margunn Bjørnholt: Pengene mot strømmen: Alternative finansieringsorganisasjoner, Oslo, University of Oslo, 1995, ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>, sida 82-129 | WIKI |
Talk:Eugene Parker
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Views on climate change
On March 15, I had added a section "View on climate change" wit this content :
* In a preface to the book by Henrik Svensmark and Nigel Calder, The Chilling Stars: A New Theory of Climate Change (2007), Eugene Parker wrote: "Global warming has become a political issue both in government and in the scientific community. The scientific lines have been drawn by ‘eminent’ scientists, and an important new idea is an unwelcome intruder. It upsets the established orthodoxy."
On March 16, an anonymous contributor deleted this section with the following comment : "delete this section. it is misleading, irrelevant to his work, and was added after his death." Is that a good reason for deleting an information ? Marvoir (talk) 13:55, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* I think "misleading, irrelevant" is a good reason ("added after his death" is not). Wikipedia biographies should summarize the most important aspects of a person's life and career, not record every minor thing they might have said or done. The quote is merely pointing out the politicization of the issue. How is it significant to Parker's biography? Schazjmd (talk) 15:14, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* For me, the opinion of Parker on an important question is significant to his biography. Moreover, as a scientist, one would think that he is competent with regard to the political pressures undergone by scientists. Marvoir (talk) 16:37, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* I think there is a question of balance here. Because this quote is unrelated to the rest of the content, you had to create a new subsection for it. That puts this excerpt from an introduction to someone else's book on a par with his scientific career (Hypotheses). It's about three times as long as the coverage of his personal life and of the several textbooks he wrote. It looks more like advocacy from an editor than a serious contribution to his biography. RockMagnetist(talk) 17:01, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* The section is a well-sourced addition on an important subject. It was removed by an IP user without discussing it first and without reasonable explanation. It is a valuable addition and there is no reason for attacking it. Parker spoke, and that's that. Yreuq (talk) 18:23, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* , the IP gave an explanation in their edit summary, so reverting it as "vandalism" as you did wasn't accurate. Marvoir made a bold edit, the IP challenged it, and Marvoir opened this discussion - exactly how WP:BRD is supposed to work. Please explain why you think Parker's preface to a book is a valuable addition to his biography? Schazjmd (talk) 18:34, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* It is very simple. A leading physicists voiced his opinion on an important topic, and he did it in writing. The burden of proof is on the other side of the debate if you wish to explain why it is irrelevant.Yreuq (talk) 19:25, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Actually, the verifiability policy states The onus to achieve consensus for inclusion is on those seeking to include disputed content. Also, please read through WP:UNDUE, which RockMagnetist linked above to explain their objection to the content. Parker's preface in the book is not significant, prominent, nor important to his legacy. All it says is that climate science is politicized, which is kind of WP:BLUESKY these days. It wasn't even quoted in an article about Parker; a journalist included the quote in an interview of Henrik Svensmark to provide context for the reception of Svensmark's book. There is no relevant context in the article for adding the quote. Not everything that a person says, does, or writes is significant enough to be included in an encyclopedia article. Schazjmd (talk) 19:40, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Everyone can edit Wikipedia by adding a well-sourced information. Your opinion that an information is not important is not superimposed over the opinion of the editor who added this information who (obviously) believes that it is important. You can offer new sources in support of your own non-neutral POV that he did not mean what he said, or that he did not regard it important, or that in the meantime he changed his mind. But we cannot take your not sourced opinion over sources that say the opposite.Yreuq (talk) 20:10, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
Notified: Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons/Noticeboard, Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Physics. Schazjmd (talk) 20:32, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Parker died two days ago, so that board is not a place to discuss this issue.Yreuq (talk) 20:35, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* WP:BLP applies to the recently deceased as well, so mentioning this on that noticeboard is appropriate. XOR'easter (talk) 21:00, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* That's about as ridiculous as it gets.Yreuq (talk) 23:35, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* I tend to share the sentiment expressed above that this material is WP:UNDUE. Biographical articles are supposed to be biographies, not collections of quotations. Moreover, pop-science magazines like Discover are ... dubious sources for scientific content, and a quotation-in-passing in the preface of an interview of somebody else is not significant coverage. XOR'easter (talk) 21:00, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* The "significant coverage" rule refers to a topic. The addition did not discuss a topic but an individual's opinion on a topic. So there is nothing that stops us from including that opinion in that individual's personal article. Here source's reputation is irrelevant because the quote is exact and undisputed (unless you can offer sources on such a dispute).Yreuq (talk) 21:45, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* If it's a bad source, it's a bad source. NPOV means we accurately and fairly summarize what reliable sources have said, in proportion to the weight that they give. Here, the weight is minimal, and the reliability is dubious. The distinction between "a topic" and "an individual's opinion on a topic" is spurious. XOR'easter (talk) 23:22, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Exact quotes can be neither of "minimal weight" nor "dubious reliability". Quotes are simply, well... quotes. They exist, and we include them without fuss. Yreuq (talk) 23:30, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* No, we don't. XOR'easter (talk) 23:40, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Please refrain from misquoting Wikipedia rules. This is an article about a person, and so about what he said too.Yreuq (talk) 23:50, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Policy applies to all content, including biographies and quotations within them. XOR'easter (talk) 00:06, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Policy applies to what it says it applies to. The rule you cited does not (apply here).Yreuq (talk) 01:02, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* What utter nonsense is that? WP:BLP explicitly mentions we have to consider WP:UNDUE weight concerns and in any case as XOR'easter said policy applies to all of Wikipedia unless it says it didn't. You seem to be seriously misinformed about BLP policy and Wikipedia policy in general and should refrain from touching any articles or parts of articles which deal with living persons or the recently deceased until you familiarise yourself with policy. Nil Einne (talk) 07:13, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* The extension applies in extreme-case situations only, like when there's a threat of suicide of a family member of the deceased whose bio article is being discussed. This situation is so remote it isn't worth the time wasted on your gang.Yreuq (talk) 15:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* It is misleading. The quote doesn't say anything about Parker's own views on climate change but seems to be included to imply something about them. Parker's own "important new idea" about the existence of the solar wind upset the "established orthodoxy" and was ridiculed. The effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation (the topic he was talking about) was certainly worth exploring and CERN ran experiments. It turned out years later that the effect is not large enough to affect the climate. Including Parker's views on climate change would need to reference his published views on climate change itself. StarryGrandma (talk) 22:19, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Do you have a source that supports your POV on Parker having changed his mind after he wrote the opinion? Yreuq (talk) 23:26, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* "The effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation (the topic he was talking about) was certainly worth exploring and CERN ran experiments. It turned out years later that the effect is not large enough to affect the climate."
* While there can be no doubt that rising CO2 is raising Earth's global mean surface temperature, with a likely Transient Climate Response (TCR) of around 1.8 to 1.9 °C per doubling of CO2 leading to several degrees increase by 2100, I seriously doubt whether CERN has the final word on the effect of cosmic rays on cloud formation. This sort of thing is difficult to judge. Vaughan Pratt (talk) 06:11, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
* I'm going to agree that the foreword quote is WP:UNDUE also if only one source mentioned it compared to his life's work. Morbidthoughts (talk) 22:28, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* One source usually suffices for an exact quotation. We can't expect people to repeat exact words in different outlets. Yreuq (talk) 23:26, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* No, not when the one source is an interview with Svensmark. I do expect exact quotes to be repeated if prominent. You can also stop bludgeoning the discussion and not respond to everyone that disagrees with you. Morbidthoughts (talk) 00:06, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* That was a foreword in a book, not an interview. Please stop misquoting Wikipedia rules: the "Typically, this means making the same argument over and over, to different people" provision does not apply here because different editors tried make different arguments, which is how discussion is done. Note that "To falsely accuse someone of bludgeoning is considered incivil, and should be avoided." Yreuq (talk) 01:02, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* The foreword was quoted in an interview. The problem is that being quoted in an interview is not WP:SIGCOV. XOR'easter (talk) 01:29, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* I am referring to the Discover magazine interview. You should also reread this section carefully, especially "If your comments take up one-third of the total text or you have replied to half the people who disagree with you, you are likely bludgeoning the process and should step back and let others express their opinions, as you have already made your points clear." Morbidthoughts (talk) 01:35, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* I suggest you reread it carefully, and particularly pay attention to "Editors have learned that formation into "gangs" is the most effective way of imposing their views on opposite-minded contributors. It makes a travesty of the revert-rule when one individual can simply send an e-mail alert to friends requesting a timely "revert favour" once they have reached the limit of their daily reverts. This may apply to deletion debates as well, where a group of editors may be organised so as to always vote en masse in favour of keeping an article written by one of the gang, or related to the gang's main field of interest; or to push through deletion if their interest is a deletionism. Gangs sometimes do serious damage to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines also; by ganging up they can be written to say almost anything" This is quite obviously a case of editors ganging up - there was no gradual discussion, a bunch of you appeared out of the blue. Think twice what you will say next.Yreuq (talk) 02:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Despite what you seem to think, this is a BLP issue and was raised on BLPN. It's perfectly normal that BLP friendly editors will be attracted to a discussion when that happens. It's even more likely when one editor demonstrates an utter contempt for BLP as you did at BLPN, and have done even more here. In other words, in so much as there has been a number of editors attracted here, it's likely in no small part because you've attracted them by demonstrating a fundamental lack of understanding of our core policies. And worse than that, shown no willingness to learn them. Nil Einne (talk) 07:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* That's a wrong board for this issue. The extensions are granted in extreme situations, such as suicide threats to family members of the deceased whose bio article we are discussing. This situation (of a scientist who simply stated his opinion on a scientific topic in writing) is so unrelated that it isn't even funny.Yreuq (talk) 15:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* I also agree that this is undue. Is there any secondary sourcing that shows that this was in any way noteworthy? ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 23:45, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* This is a biography article, so it's about what the person said too; not a topical article about global warming. Stop arguing with the dead, please.Yreuq (talk) 23:50, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* I'm sure he said and wrote many things that are not worth putting in his biography article. It's up to the consensus of editors to determine what is suitable for the article. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 23:59, 17 March 2022 (UTC)
* Only biographies of living persons ("BLPs") must be written conservatively.Yreuq (talk) 01:02, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* The BLP policy applies to the recently deceased as well. Two days is recent. XOR'easter (talk) 01:09, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* I don't even see it as a BLP issue, this is just plain WP:DUE and consensus. I'm not sure what they're not understanding. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 01:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* "Such extensions only apply to contentious or questionable material about the subject that has implications for their living relatives and friends, such as in the case of a possible suicide or particularly gruesome crime. A scientist's view on a scientific topic does not qualify for the extension, sorry. The man is dead, BLP no longer applies.Yreuq (talk) 01:17, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* A scientist's statements about a topic that has attracted pseudoscience, particularly when they support or can be seen to support the fringe side of the "debate", are indeed contentious or questionable material. But is correct: WP:DUE applies whether the person is alive or not. The text in question fails that test. This is really very simple. XOR'easter (talk) 01:27, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* The article is not about that topic. This is Parker's biography article. Whatever opinions he held on important topics - all have a place in his bio article.Yreuq (talk) 02:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* That's completely and goes against fundamental wikipedia policy not just for BLPs but for any biographies. As with all articles, biographies should only cover material that is significant as demonstrated by the level of coverage in WP:reliable secondary sources. There should be very little material that is only from WP:primary sources. In the specific case of biographies, this should be mostly limited to basic biographical material but definitely not an exposition of a subject's views on "important topics" based mostly or completely on primary sources. Note I'm aware of the interview in this case which may technically be considered a secondary sources, however your statement doesn't deal with such distinctions as you are claiming that "" which is seriously wrong. Nil Einne (talk) 07:27, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Interestingly, the ganging stopped the very moment I pasted the anti-ganging notice above, and was instantly replaced by you alone. So, aren't you now doing the same thing your gang accused me for - single-person bludgeoning? Funny - how effortlessly the gang switches in the roles. Smooth operators, aren't we. Yreuq (talk) 15:14, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Nah, we all just see that consensus is against you, and you're clearly not listening to what literally every other editor in this discussion is saying. The easiest thing to do now is wait for you to wear yourself out and stop. Then either the problem is solved, or you edit war and get blocked. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 15:19, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Nah, this one doesn't end in the usual way.Yreuq (talk) 15:21, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Okay. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 15:25, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Spoilers: it did. XOR'easter (talk) 17:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* I'm shocked. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 17:49, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* The quote is WP:UNDUE and WP:ONUS is on those who support including the quote to achieve consensus for its inclusion. Not Wiki-lawyer with the nonsense written above that accuses editors of "being a gang" and making up policy that onus shifts to those who wish to exclude. Also read WP:NOTBURO, which quite simply does not invalidate a discussion because its on the "wrong board". Also WP:1AM may be worth a read.Slywriter (talk) 15:30, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Darn! I wanted to jump in and comment as a long standing member of "the gang." Well, I'm glad the word CABAL wasn't used when referring to this group. That word is so insulting! ---Steve Quinn (talk) 04:16, 20 March 2022 (UTC)
Request for comment on the inclusion of an exact quote by a scientist on global warming
Q: Should this biography article be censored by redacting a written statement of this leading physicist on the contentious topic of global warming, or is a bio article the right (the only; a normal/usual) place for such a quote to be stated. The discussion has attracted only a gang of editors who fiercely advocated the former view, but who stopped ganging up after a notice to that effect was posted. Wikipedia officially does not censor, and the Biography of Living Persons policy does not apply since the scientist has died (extensions apply only under special circumstances like threat of suicide for his/her family member, which clearly does not apply here). Yreuq (talk) 15:39, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Maybe try again with a neutral RFC opening statement, as per WP:RFC? ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 15:44, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Procedural Close Non-neutral. I highly suggest retracting before this escalates into a behavioural issue.Slywriter (talk) 15:45, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Everyone: please note RCs normally solicit comments from editors who previously did not discuss, not from those who already took part in the discussion.Yreuq (talk) 16:22, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* That's not how RfCs work. Nor is this one properly formed. Schazjmd (talk) 16:25, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Wrong and the RfC is invalid regardless. Again urge you to reconsider and retract and cut the wiki-lawyering, otherwise escalation to administrators will be necessary.16:27, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* , as the statement fails WP:RFCNEUTRAL and includes personal attacks. Firefangledfeathers (talk | contribs) 16:26, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Procedural close per Firefangledfeathers. Also, this wasted one of my WP:FRSs for the month :( ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 16:35, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Just a heads up to all involved, I've opened an ANI thread. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 16:46, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Thanks. Reply: The case is simply that of global warming alarmist editors ganging up to redact (censor) Parker's statement opposing global warming. Wikipedia does not censor. Yreuq (talk) 16:50, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
Everyone: please note RCs normally solicit comments from a broader community, meaning primarily from editors who previously did not discuss, not from those who already took part in the discussion.Yreuq (talk) 16:56, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
* Procedural close Blatantly malformed "request" for comment. Moreover, the assertion about who should participate in an RfC is simply untrue. XOR'easter (talk) 16:52, 18 March 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
STUNTPLANE.COM
Aerobatic Lesson Plans
Back to Lesson Plan Overview
Back to Lesson Plan Overview
8. Aerobatic Lesson Plan - Competition Sequence Design & Flight
Pilot: Date:
Schedule: Equipment Required:
Preflight Instruction .30 Aerobatic Airplane
CFI Demo .30 Aircraft POH
Directed Pilot Application & Practice .75 Parachutes
Postflight critique .15 Weather Briefing
Total 1.50 Model airplane
Appropriate aerobatic sequence card, 2 copies
Objective: Competition Flight
Fly an aerobatic competition sequence from start to finish.
1. Student should start flight from proper point outside box, and signal flight start
2. Student should exhibit proper knowledge and use of airspace and altitude in aerobatic box
3. Student should start sequence at appropriate altitude and on proper heading, correcting for winds
4. Student should maintain aircraft energy throughout sequence
5. Student should be aware of position within box at all times and determine appropriate "cross box" corrections
6. Make correct decisions if approaching bottom of box, "low" or edges of box, "outs"
7. Finish flight at appropriate altitude on heading, with correct signal
Elements
1. Proper Start altitude and position
2. Proper box positioning
3. Correction for head/tail winds and for cross winds
4. Energy management
5. Proper division of attention
6. Altitude awareness
7. Finish sequence with proper signal
Common Errors
1. Too high or too low at start
2. Failure to signal start & finish
3. No head/tail wind corrections
4. No cross wind corrections
5. Loss of Altitude awareness
6. Loss of spatial awareness, disorientation
7. Flying wrong figure or out of order
Instructor Actions
1. Start sequence at proper altitude
2. Signal start of sequence
3. Use correct energy throughout figures, establishing energy requirements 2-3 figures ahead
4. Maintain positioning within box, correcting for head/tail winds and for cross winds as necessary
5. Maintain altitude awareness
6. Fly figures in correct sequence and fly "scoreable" figures
7. Signal end of sequence
Pilot Actions
1. Provide 2 copies of aerobatic sequence to be flown
2. Participate in discussion of objective, listen, ask questions
3. Preview this outline prior to the flight lesson
4. Practice and experience spins including upright & inverted spins, accelerated spins, and flat spins
5. Practice inadvertent spin recovery - Throttle Closed, Hands Off Stick, Push "Heavy" Rudder Pedal
Completion Standards
Pilot can fly a competition sequence with "scoreable" figures
Pilot can maintain positioning within aerobatic box, including altitude limitations
Pilot can follow start and finish rules for sequence signals | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Asperger's Syndrome
Asperger’s Syndrome is a condition on the autism spectrum, a neurodevelopment disorder with generally higher functioning. People with this condition may be socially awkward and have an all-absorbing interest in specific topics, characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.
When diagnosing Asperger’s Syndrome, medical professionals will evaluate symptoms that are actually behavioral characteristics. The behavioral characteristics are: aggression, compulsive behavior, fidgeting, impulsivity, repetitive movements, social isolation, or persistent repetition of words or actions. Individuals with Asperger’s usually want to fit in and have interaction with others, but often they don’t know how to do it. Individuals with Asperger’s may be socially awkward, not understand conventional social rules or show a lack of empathy. They may also have limited eye contact, seem unengaged in a conversation and not understand the use of gestures or sarcasm.
While there is no cure, people with Asperger’s Syndrome can seek treatments that will help them cope with the symptoms and difficulties. Communication training and behavioral therapy can help people with the syndrome learn to socialize more successfully. A therapist can help someone cope with some of the emotional effects of autism, such as social isolation and anxiety. They can also help them learn new social skills so engaging with others feels easier and less frustrating. A speech pathologist can work with the individual to learn voice control and modulation in speech therapy. In adulthood, prescription drugs may be used to treat individual symptoms, such as anxiety or hyperactivity.
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Delray Beach, Florida 33446
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Phone: (561) 503-3059
Fax: (561) 634-2776
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4306 W Broward Boulevard, Suite 205 Plantation, Florida 33317
marriagefamilyservices@comcast.net
Phone: (954) 372-0423
Fax: (561) 634-2776
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Gypsophila oldhamiana
Gypsophila oldhamiana, the Manchurian baby's-breath or Oldham's baby's-breath, is a flowering plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. | WIKI |
Page:Aboriginesofvictoria01.djvu/497
Rh Mr. Samuel Bennett, in his exceedingly valuable and interesting History of Australian Discovery and Colonization, makes the following remarks respecting the canoes of the Aborigines:—"The canoes used by the Aborigines on the eastern coast are the best to be found in the whole continent, and they scarcely deserve the name. The Australian canoe represents one of the most primitive appliances ever used by mankind for the purpose of navigation. In some districts it consists of a mere sheet of bark, slightly raised at the edges, serving even in still water to float but a single person, and requiring the greatest care to prevent its overturning. In others a nearer approach is made to the boat form by bending the sheet of bark somewhat in the form of the sides of a boat, sewing or tying up its ends with some fibrous material, and making it water-tight by means of gum or clay. At best, however, it was but a sorry substitute for a boat, and it is probable, from the fact that it was not even known to some of the coast tribes, and that it had in its most rudimentary state never reached Tasmania, that its introduction was not of very ancient date even on the mainland. To the tribes of unmixed Aboriginal blood, like the Tasmanians were, and some on the north-west coast still are, the canoe was wholly unknown. It was, therefore, in all probability a thing of foreign invention, and of modern introduction. The comparative ignorance of the Australian Aborigines, the Andaman Islanders, and other people of Negrito or Indian Negro race, of the use of the canoe, supplies a strong link to connect them with each other. . . . ."
I cannot agree with Mr. Bennett. There is no evidence which would suggest that the bark canoe is of foreign invention. Indeed it is almost beyond doubt that the Australians of Victoria, before the arrival of the whites, had learnt | WIKI |
United States Marine Corps Forces Space Command
The U.S. Marine Corps Forces Space Command (abbreviated MARFORSPACE) is the Marine Corps service component of the United States Space Command. It is tasked with providing support to the Fleet Marine Force using space assets, including in communications, targeting, and navigation, to increase warfighter lethality.
History
The command was activated on 1 October 2020. The commander of MARFORSPACE is dual-hatted as the commander of Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command, though the two organizations are separate commands with their own structure. Many members of MARFORSPACE were formerly part of Marine Corps Forces Strategic Command (MARFORSTRAT). The purpose of Marine Forces Space Command is to provide space operational support and capabilities to the Fleet Marine Force. The first Marine personnel of MARFORSPACE received training from the 1st Space Brigade of the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command.
Although the Marine Corps does not operate any spacecraft, the Marines also use the capabilities of these systems, and previously relied on the Army's 1st Space Brigade for planning and coordinating space support capabilities during operations in Iraq. The Marine Corps had its own space operations officers that were part of Marine Corps Forces Strategic Command (MARFORSTRAT), who became part of MARFORSPACE upon its creation.
In October 2021, the headquarters of MARFORSPACE relocated from Offut Air Force Base in Nebraska to the Peterson Space Force Base in Colorado. The Marine Space Support Team also conducted its first deployments that year, in support of U.S. European Command and the 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit. In 2022, a new MOS, 1706 – Maritime Space Officer, was created, with specialized training for the space domain. | WIKI |
Studies on transition-metal-peptide complexes. Part 8. Parent and mixed-ligand complexes of histidine-containing dipeptides
Etelka Farkas, Imre Sóvágó, Arthur Gergely
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
62 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
The glycyl-L-histidine (GlyHis), L-histidylglycine (HisGly), and L-carnosine (ligands HA) parent complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) were studied by pH-metry, spectrophotometry, and in part 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy. All three metal ions were found to promote deprotonation of the peptide amide group of GlyHis. HisGly co-ordinates 'histidine-like' to the metal ions, i.e. without deprotonation of the peptide amide group. With carnosine, only nickel(II) induces deprotonation of this group. Studies were also made of mixed-ligand systems involving Gly, GlyGly, His, and occasionally 2,2′-bipyridyl as second ligand B, including those containing copper(II). Gly and GlyGly do not hinder the co-ordination of GlyHis via three nitrogens, and mixed-ligand complexes are therefore not present in detectable concentration. With His as ligand B, although mixed-ligand complexes are formed at comparable GlyHis and His concentrations, in the presence of an excess of His the parent complex [M(HisO)2] predominates. A mixed-ligand complex is obtained in significant amount with 2,2′-bipyridyl as ligand B. Appreciable formation of mixed-ligand complexes also occurs in the nickel(II)-carnosine-ligand B systems. For cobalt(II), however, practically only the parent complexes of ligands B are formed. The cobalt(II) complexes of all three dipeptides examined are able to take up molecular oxygen reversibly, the oxygen being released partially or almost completely. For GlyHis it is highly likely that the active complex is [Co(AH-1)], while for HisGly and carnosine the presence of the bis complexes is presumed necessary for oxygen uptake.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1545-1551
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 1 1983
Fingerprint
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Chemistry(all)
Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
OETorLib
class OETorLib
This class represents OETorLib.
See also
Constructors
OETorLib()
OETorLib(unsigned int type)
Default and copy constructors. The constructor with the type parameter allows the user to set the torsion library type from values in the OETorLibType namespace.
operator bool
operator bool() const
Returns false if the OETorLib object is empty, otherwise returns true.
AddTorsionLibrary
bool AddTorsionLibrary(const std::string &)
bool AddTorsionLibrary(OEPlatform::oeistream &)
Takes a string or an oeistream object to add a torsion library. This will put the new torsion library above the current torsion library, which means that they will be checked first for a match. To replace the torsion library, call OETorLib::SetTorsionLibrary. Method returns True if the library is added successfully.
AddTorsionRule
bool AddTorsionRule(const std::string &)
Add a single torsion rule as a string. The format for rules is a SMARTS pattern followed by the torsion angles. Method returns True if the rule is added successfully. The following is an example of a general rule:
[*:1][CH2:2][a:3][a:4] 0 180 90 -90 45 -45 135 -135
The following code demonstrates how to add a new torsion rule to an existing OEOmega object named omega.
Example of adding a new torsion rule
// Adding the torsion rule "[O:1]=[C:2]-[O:3][CH3:4] 90" as a string
// This takes precedent over previous rule
OETorLib torLib;
const char *rule = "[O:1]=[C:2]-[O:3][CH3:4] 90";
if (!torLib.AddTorsionRule(rule))
OEThrow.Fatal("Failed to add torsion rule: %s", rule);
omegaOpts.SetTorLib(torLib);
omega.SetOptions(omegaOpts);
if(omega(mol))
OEWriteMolecule(ofs, mol);
The new rule will take precedence over all rules previously added to this object either from a file or calling this method.
bool AddTorsionRule(OEChem::OEQMolBase &qmol, std::vector<int> °rees)
The next signature of AddTorsionRule takes a generic OEQMolBase with a corresponding std::vector<int> containing the angles. The pattern represented by OEQMolBase should have map indices set on the atoms considered the torsion. In SMARTS this means the atoms should have map indices numbered from 1-4. This can theoretically allow torsion rules to be written in other query file formats provided there is a method for setting the appropriate map indices. The following code demonstrates how to initialize an OEQMolBase and use it to define a new torsion rule.
Example of adding a new torsion rule from a query molecule
// Adding torsion rule "[O:1]=[C:2]-[O:3][CH3:4] 45" as a query
// molecule. This takes precedent over default rule
OEQMol qmol;
OEParseSmarts(qmol,"[O:1]=[C:2]-[O:3][CH3:4]");
std::vector<int> degrees;
degrees.push_back(45);
OETorLib torLib;
if (!torLib.AddTorsionRule(qmol, degrees))
OEThrow.Fatal("Failed to add torsion rule");
omegaOpts.SetTorLib(torLib);
omega.SetOptions(omegaOpts);
if (omega(mol))
OEWriteMolecule(ofs, mol);
ClearTorsionLibrary
void ClearTorsionLibrary()
Clears the current torsion library. Omega cannot operate with an empty torsion library, so a new torsion library must be set before running Omega.
GetTorRule
const OEChem::OESubSearch* GetTorRule(const OEChem::OEMolBase&,
const OEChem::OEBondBase&) const
Returns the torsion rule associated with the specified bond of the specified molecule. Method returns a null pointer if a torsion rule is not found. The rules are stored as OESubSearch objects.
See also
GetTorRules
OESystem::OEIterBase<OEChem::OESubSearch> *GetTorRules()
Returns an iterator over the torsion rules. The rules are stored as OESubSearch objects.
HasTorRule
bool HasTorRule(const OEChem::OEMolBase&, const OEChem::OEBondBase&) const
Checks if a torsion rule exists with the specified bond of the specified molecule. Returns true if a rule exists.
ResetTorsionLibrary
bool ResetTorsionLibrary()
Resets the torsion library stored internally by Omega. Method returns True if the library is reset successfully.
SetTorsionLibrary
bool SetTorsionLibrary(const std::string &)
bool SetTorsionLibrary(OEPlatform::oeistream &)
bool SetTorsionLibrary(unsigned int type)
Replaces the current torsion library with the one passed in as an argument. If the argument is a type, it is expected to be a value in the OETorLibType namespace. Method returns True if the library is set successfully. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Configuring Flows Using CLI Commands
NVIDIA MLNX-GW User Manual for NVIDIA Skyway Appliance v8.2.2200
The on-switch commands use the Open vSwitch (OVS) syntax for OpenFlow. They are actually based on the “ovs-ofctl” command. For more details please refer to the Flow Syntax section of this man-page.
It is slightly modified as you need to explicitly input a flow reference number to modify. This flow ID may be used when performing any modification to the flow (e.g. delete).
All flow configurations also appear in the running-config and are restored after switch reload.
When configuring flows, you may assign them a high priority, and then to configure a “drop all” rule for non-matching packets with a lower priority.
For the flows (use a higher priority e.g. 10000 then the drop all rule) and input interface:
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switch (config) # openflow add-flows 1 ip, priority=5000, in_port=Eth1/1, nw_src=192.168.0.1/32, nw_dst=239.0.1.2/32, actions=output=Eth1/56
The above rule matches on SRC IP=192.168.0.1 and DEST IP=239.0.1.2 and the action is to output matching traffic to interface Eth1/56.
For the “drop all” rule (use a lower priority than other match rules):
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switch (config) # openflow add-flows 1000 priority=50,in_port=ANY,actions=DROP
To delete a flow, run the command “del-flows” along with a flow’s reference number:
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switch (config) # openflow del-flows 1 switch (config) # openflow del-flows 1000
Warning
OpenFlow may be configured using one method at a time, so if an OpenFlow controller is configured then switch CLI method cannot be used.
To configure MLAG interface in OpenFlow, do the following:
1. Enable OpenFlow in the system.
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switch (config) # protocol openflow
2. Add MPO interfaces as OpenFlow mode hybrid port.
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switch (config) # interface mlag-port-channel 1-3 openflow mode hybrid
3. Add the needed OpenFlow flow with MPO usage.
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openflow add-flows 1 table=0, priority=500, in_port=Mpo1, actions=NORMAL
4. Observe the relevant MPO interfaces in OpenFlow using the "show openflow" command.
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switch (config) # show openflow OpenFlow Version: OpenFlow 1.3 Datapath ID: 0000248a07cacd00 Controllers Information: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Controller State Role Changed (sec) Last Error ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mapping of OpenFlow ports to their OpenFlow numbers: ----------------------- Interface OF-Port ----------------------- Mpo1 OF-29001 Mpo2 OF-29002 Mpo3 OF-29003
5. Observe the OpenFlow rules with MPO interfaces with the "show openflow flows ethernet-names" command.
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switch (config) # show openflow flows ethernet-names OFPST_FLOW reply (OF1.3) (xid=0x2): cookie=0x0, duration=2.166s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, priority=500,in_port=Mpo1 actions=NORMAL
6. Only 63 POs/MPOs interfaces are allowed if protocol OpenFlow is enabled (1 LAG is always used by OpenFlow by default).
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switch (config) # protocol openflow switch (config) # protocol mlag switch (config) # interface mlag-port-channel 1-32 switch (config) # interface port-channel 33-64 % The one LAG is in use by OpenFlow feature, please disable OpenFlow to have a possibility use 64 POs/MPOs.
7. It is not possible to enable OpenFlow protocol if there are already 64 POs/MPOs in use. Only 63 POs/MPOs can be used as 1 LAG is always used by OpenFlow:
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switch (config) # protocol mlag switch (config) # interface mlag-port-channel 1-64 switch (config) # protocol openflow % There are already 64 POs/MPOs in use. One free LAG is required to enable protocol OpenFlow.
Warning
Forwarding control traffic (LACP, LLDP, BPDU) from one MPO interface to another one is currently not supported. If the destination port is MPO and this MPO is in the DOWN state, the traffic will be redirected to IPL and cause unexpected behavior (the IPL will start flapping due to redundant packets, e.g. LACP packets).
For example, it may lead to the scenario when LACP packets will be delivered on the wrong destination port when the following OpenFlow rule will be used:
openflow add-flows 1 table=0,priority=100,in_port=Mpo1,actions=output:Mpo2
The workaround is to use separate OpenFlow rule with a higher priority and destination MAC for the LACP packets in order to forward LACP packets in the proper direction:
openflow add-flows 1 table=0,priority=200,dl_dst= 01:80:c2:00:00:02,actions=NORMAL
openflow add-flows 1 table=0,priority=100,in_port=Mpo1,actions=output:Mpo2
Warning
Proper setup of MLAG topology and MLAG failovers are under user responsibility. Openflow does not handle such situations. The OpenFlow rules are also not synchronized on the MLAG members.
© Copyright 2023, NVIDIA. Last updated on Nov 15, 2023. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Yukari Fukui
Yukari Fukui (福井 裕佳梨) is a Japanese actress, voice actress and gravure idol known by the nickname Yukarin (ゆかりん) in Japan.
Anime
* 7 of Seven as Nanarin
* Dragonaut -The Resonance- as Saki Kurata
* Gundam Reconguista in G as Raraiya Monday
* Highschool of the Dead as Shizuka Marikawa
* Kare Kano as Rika Sena
* Kenkō Zenrakei Suieibu Umishō as Mirei Shizuoka
* Kill la Kill as Sukuyo Mankanshoku
* Mouse as Yayoi Kuribayashi
* Macademi Wasshoi! as Falce The Variable Wand
* Mushishi as Fuki
* Petite Princess Yucie as Cocoloo
* Re: Hamatora as Mio (Episode 1)
* School Rumble as Sarah Adiemus
* Strawberry Panic as Kagome Byakudan
* Saint October as Natsuki Shirafuji
* Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann as Nia Teppelin
* Umi Monogatari: Anata ga Ite Kureta Koto as Warin
OVA
* FLCL as Junko Miyaji
* School Rumble OVA as Sarah Adiemus
* Top o Nerae 2! as Nono
* Air Gear as Kururu Sumeragi
Video games
* Baldr Force EXE as Segawa Minori
* Dissidia: Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
* Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
* Dissidia Final Fantasy NT as Tina Branford
* Dissidia Final Fantasy Opera Omnia as Tina Branford, Oerba Dia Vanille
* Final Fantasy Explorers as Tina Branford
* Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
* Final Fantasy XIII-2 as Oerba Dia Vanille
* Lightning Returns: Final Fantasy XIII as Oerba Dia Vanille
* God Eater (and its extended versions God Eater Burst and God Eater Resurrection) as Shio
* Luminous Arc 2: Will as Rina
* Rune Factory 3 as Sia
* True Tears as Gion Inoue
* Tartaros Online as Nagi
* Toukiden 2 as Benizuki
* World of Final Fantasy as Tina Branford
Internet radio
* Diebuster Web Radio Top! Less (onsen (音泉) 2005.10.4- reset date every Tuesday)
* School Rumble nigakki weekend(onsen (音泉) 2006.4.－ reset date every Friday)
Music
* Anime Toonz Volume 4: Yukari Fukui | WIKI |
19. Sabina.—Sabina. Savine.
The tops of Junip'erus sabi'na Linné. The young and tender green shoots are stripped off in the spring, coming into the market as short, thin, quadrangular branchlets, clothed with alternate pairs of minute, opposite, scale-like leaves, appressed (more pointed and divergent in older twigs); each scale has a shallow groove and a conspicuous, depressed oil-gland in the back. The berry-like cone fruit is about the size of a pea, situated on a short, recurved pedicel, and covered with a bluish bloom; it is dry, but abounds in essential oil, and contains from 1 to 4 small, bony seeds. Odor strong, balsamic; taste bitter and acrid. Adulteration: Red cedar tops (20).
Powder.—Yellowish-brown. The microscopic elements consist of: Tracheids with bordered pits; parenchyma with numerous stomata; long bast fibers and starch grains.
CONSTITUENTS.—Tannin, resin, gum, etc., and a volatile oil (19 a) (2 per cent. in tops, 10 per cent. in berries) having the same composition as oil of turpentine.
ACTION AND USES.—Savine is an irritant, acting especially as a uterine stimulant; also diuretic, emmenagogue, and vermifuge. Dose: 5 to 15 gr. (0.3 to 1 Gm.). It is used externally in ointment as a stimulant dressing for bruises.
19 a. OLEUM SABINAE.—OIL OF SAVINE. A nearly colorless, sometimes yellow, limpid, volatile oil, having a strong, terebinthinate odor, and a bitterish, intensely acrid taste. It has the same composition as oil of turpentine. Dose: 1 to 5 drops (0.065 to 0.3 mils)
A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy, 1917, was written by Lucius E. Sayre, B.S. Ph. M. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Ermengarde of Anjou (died 1146)
Check the source(s), re-addition of unsourced information
Next time why not check the sources?
* "But Stephen Philp, poet and mediaeval historian, has counter-argued that Tyre's apparent error in the names is not in itself proof a marriage between William and a woman named Ermengarde never took place, especially as several sources give colorful accounts of the marriage and its aftermath."
Feel free to show me the exact quote from this page, supporting this information.
Also, I find your comment; misplaced and judgmental, since I removed unsourced speculation. These same speculations you restored, without any sources!
* "since this is a well known issue mentioned many times in connection to her, it should be mentioned in the article and adressed there even if it is totally unfounded. It should not be erased completely even if it is wrong"
* "It has long been presumed that, in 1089, her marriage was arranged to the young Duke and poet, William IX of Aquitaine. However, this union proved a dismal failure. Her husband was a voracious philanderer, whose affairs infuriated his wife. She had severe mood swings, vacillating between vivacity and sullenness, and would nag her husband. She also had a habit of retiring in bad temper to a cloister after an argument, cutting off all contact with the outside world, before suddenly making a reappearance in the court as if her absence had never occurred. Such behavior, coupled with her failure to conceive a child, led William to send her back to her father and have the marriage dissolved in 1091. Her behavior during her marriage to the Duke has been described by both Marion Meade and Alison Weir as "schizophrenic", with Weir adding a suggestion of "manic depression""
I am assuming you have a source(s) for this "well known issue"? --Kansas Bear (talk) 20:59, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
* Releax. You appear to be intensely invested in this, and I have no wish to engage in many years of heated debate. I was simply pointing out, in a chill and relaxed tone, that if these things has long been mentioned in connection to her, then of course they should be found in the article, of course with sources to were these errors have been mentioned. Information that has been debunked should first be mentioned in full (with references) followed by the information debunking them (with references). If some of these things lack references, you should either add references, or ask for references to be added for them, and not just delete everything. You sound very invested in this issue, but if you expect me to devote months and months of tiring heated debate around this issue with someone who is intensely invested in it, you have made a mistake. I only expect normal procedure to be followed and I did not change much. I am not emotionally invested in this, and I will not spend the next half a year in an emotionally charged and heated debate about it. Have a wonderful, and above all relaxing, day. I intend to.--Aciram (talk) 22:05, 26 December 2022 (UTC)
* Wow. Three personalized comments("You appear to be intensely invested in this", "You sound very invested in this issue", "I am not emotionally invested in this") after being asked to provide sources for unsourced speculation. Nice. As such I will be delisting this from my watchlist. Done here! --Kansas Bear (talk) 22:20, 26 December 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Athetoid cerebral palsy
Athetoid cerebral palsy, or dyskinetic cerebral palsy (sometimes abbreviated ADCP), is a type of cerebral palsy primarily associated with damage, like other forms of CP, to the basal ganglia in the form of lesions that occur during brain development due to bilirubin encephalopathy and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. Unlike spastic or ataxic cerebral palsies, ADCP is characterized by both hypertonia and hypotonia, due to the affected individual's inability to control muscle tone. Clinical diagnosis of ADCP typically occurs within 18 months of birth and is primarily based upon motor function and neuroimaging techniques. While there are no cures for ADCP, some drug therapies as well as speech, occupational therapy, and physical therapy have shown capacity for treating the symptoms.
Classification of cerebral palsy can be based on severity, topographic distribution, or motor function. Severity is typically assessed via the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (described further below). Classification based on motor characteristics classifies CP as occurring from damage to either the corticospinal pathway or extrapyramidal regions. Athetoid dyskinetic cerebral palsy is a non-spastic, extrapyramidal form of cerebral palsy (spastic cerebral palsy, in contrast, results from damage to the brain's corticospinal pathways).
Signs and symptoms
ADCP is often characterized by slow, uncontrolled movements of the extremities and trunk. Small, rapid, random and repetitive, uncontrolled movements known as chorea may also occur. Involuntary movements often increase during periods of emotional stress or excitement and disappear when the patient is sleeping or distracted. Patients experience difficulty in maintaining posture and balance when sitting, standing, and walking due to these involuntary movements and fluctuations in muscle tone. Coordinated activities such as reaching and grasping may also be challenging. Muscles of the face and tongue can be affected, causing involuntary facial grimaces, expressions, and drooling. Speech and language disorders, known as dysarthria, are common in athetoid CP patients. In addition, ADCP patients may have trouble eating. Hearing loss is a common co-occurring condition, and visual disabilities can be associated with Athetoid Cerebral Palsy. Squinting and uncontrollable eye movements may be initial signs and symptoms. Children with these disabilities rely heavily on visual stimulation, especially those who are also affected by sensory deafness.
Cause
CP in general is a non-progressive, neurological condition that results from brain injury and malformation occurring before cerebral development is complete. ADCP is associated with injury and malformations to the extrapyramidal tracts in the basal ganglia or the cerebellum. Lesions to this region principally arise via hypoxic ischemic brain injury or bilirubin encephalopathy.
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a form of cerebral hypoxia in which oxygen cannot perfuse to cells in the brain. Lesions in the putamen and thalamus caused by this type of brain injury are primary causes of ADCP and can occur during the prenatal period and shortly after. Lesions that arise after this period typically occur as a result of injury or infections of the brain.
Bilirubin encephalopathy
Bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as kernicterus, is the accumulation of bilirubin in the grey matter of the central nervous system. The main accumulation targets of hyperbilirubinemia are the basal ganglia, ocular movement nucleus, and acoustic nucleus of the brainstem. Pathogenesis of bilirubin encephalopathy involves several factors, including the transport of bilirubin across the blood–brain barrier and into neurons. Mild disruption results in left cognition impairment, while severe disruption results in ADCP. Lesions caused by accumulation of bilirubin occur mainly in the global pallidus and hypothalamus. Disruption of the blood–brain barrier by disease or a hypoxic ischemic injury can also contribute to an accumulation of bilirubin in the brain. Bilirubin encephalopathy leading to cerebral palsy has been greatly reduced by effective monitoring and treatment for hyperbilirubinemia in preterm infants. As kernicterus has decreased due to improvements in care, over the last 50 years the proportion of children developing athetoid CP has decreased. In most cases, will have normal intelligence.
Motor function
Movement and posture limitations are aspects of all CP types and as a result, CP has historically been diagnosed based on parental reporting of developmental motor delays such as failure to sit upright, reach for objects, crawl, stand, or walk at the appropriate age. Diagnosis of ADCP is also based on clinical assessment used in conjunction with milestone reporting. The majority of ADCP assessments now use the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (formerly the International Classification of Impairments Disease, and Handicaps), measures of motor impairment that are effective in assessing severe CP. ADCP is typically characterized by an individual's inability to control their muscle tone, which is readily assessed via these classification systems.
Neuroimaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to detect morphological brain abnormalities associated with ADCP in patients that are either at risk for ADCP or have shown symptoms thereof. The abnormalities chiefly associated with ADCP are lesions that appear in the basal ganglia. The severity of the disease is proportional to the severity and extent of these abnormalities, and is typically greater when additional lesions appear elsewhere in the deep grey matter or white matter. MRI also has the ability to detect brain malformation, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and areas affected by hypoxia-ischemia, all of which may play a role in the development of ADCP. The MRI detection rate for ADCP is approximately 54.5%, however this statistic varies depending on the patient's age and the cause of the disease and has been reported to be significantly higher.
Physical and occupational therapy
Physical therapy and Occupational Therapy are staple treatments of ADCP. Physical therapy is initiated soon after diagnosis and typically focuses on trunk strength and maintaining posture. Physical therapy helps to improve mobility, range of motion, functional ability, and quality of life. Specific exercises and activities prescribed by a therapist help to prevent muscles from deteriorating or becoming locked in position and help to improve coordination. Occupational therapy interventions for children with CP emphasises function, and therapists assist with activities of daily living, such as feeding, dressing, bathing and toileting, grooming. Various areas of occupation are also considered, and the occupational therapist may assist the child with pencil grasp and handwriting skills and play. The occupational therapist makes use of everyday activities in order to reach a functional outcome.
Speech therapy
Speech impairment is common in ADCP patients. Speech therapy is the treatment of communication diseases, including disorders in speech production, pitch, intonation, respiration and respiratory disorders. Exercises advised by a speech therapist or speech-language pathologist help patients to improve oral motor skills, restore speech, improve listening skills, and use communication aids or sign language if necessary.
Drug therapy
Medications that impede the release of excitatory neurotransmitters have been used to control or prevent spasms. Treatment with intrathecal baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist, decreases muscle tone and has been shown to decrease the frequency of muscle spasms in ADCP patients. Tetrabenazine, a drug commonly used in the treatment of Huntington's disease, has been shown to be effective treating chorea.
Deep brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a technique that uses electrodes placed in the brain to modify brain activity by sending a constant electrical signal to the nearby nuclei. Treatment of muscle tone issues via deep brain stimulation typically targets the global pallidus and has shown to significantly improve symptoms associated with ADCP. The specific mechanism by which DBS affects ADCP is unclear. DBS of the globus pallidus interna improves dystonia in people with dyskinetic CP in 40% of cases, perhaps due to variation in basal ganglia injuries.
Prognosis
The severity of impairment and related prognosis is dependent on the location and severity of brain lesions. Up to 75% of patients will achieve some degree of ambulation. Speech problems, such as dysarthria, are common to these patients. | WIKI |
The King George statue plays a prominent role in chapter 20. This chapter has the Patriots celebrating their newly declared independence from Great Britain. Part of their celebrating ends up toppling over the King George statue and chopping it to bits.
The statue is symbolic of Great Britain's overbearing rule of the colonies, and it ties into themes that focus on government oppression, rebellion, and freedom. It is a statue of the king, who is the leader of a country; therefore, the statue of the king not only represents the king himself but all of Great Britain.
The statue is also "gold," which represents wealth and power, and Isabel specifically notes that the statue looked impressive in sunlight, yet it looked very different on a cloudy day. This is important to note because it alerts readers to the idea that the king and his power are awesome to behold when everything is going well; however, that inspiring image doesn't hold up against the metaphorical cloud that is the rebellion.
Ultimately, it turns out that the statue isn't actually made of gold. It is lead covered in gold "gilt." Gold is powerful and valuable. Painted lead is a cheap imitation, and that is how the Patriots view the king. He is much weaker than he would like people to believe, and the Patriots believe that they can gain freedom and topple the king and his oppressive rule in the same way that they can topple his statue. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Page:Plutarch's Lives (Clough, v.5, 1865).djvu/194
186 ANTONY. constantly victorious. He had with him an Egyptian diviner, one of those who calculate nativities, Avho, either to make his court to Cleopatra, or that bj the rulgs of his art he found it to be so, openly declared to him, that though the fortune that attended him was bright and glorious, yet it was overshadowed by Ciesar's ; and advised him to keep himself as far distant as he could from that young man ; " for your Genius," said he, " dreads his ; when absent from him yours is proud and brave, but in his presence unmanly and dejected ; " and incidents that occurred appeared to show that the Egyptian spoke truth. For whenever they cast lots for any playfid purpose, or threw dice, Antony was still the loser ; and repeatedly, when they fought game-cocks or quails, Cassar's had the victory. This gave Antony a secret displeasure, and made him put the more confidence in the skill of his Egyptian. So, leaving the management of his home affiiirs to Caesar, he left Italy, and took Octavia, who had lately borne him a daughter, along with him into Greece. Here, whilst he wintered in Athens, he received the first news of Ventidius's successes over the Parthians, of his having defeated them in a battle, having slain Labi- enus and Pharnapates, the best general their king, Hy- rodes, possessed. For the celebrating of which he made a public feast through Greece, and for the prizes which were contested at Athens he himself acted as steward, and, leav- ing at home the ensigns that are carried before the gen- eral, he made his jjublic appearance in a gown and white shoes, with the steward's wands marching before ; and he performed his duty in taking the combatants by the neck, to part them, when they had fought enough. When the time came for him to set out for the war, he took a gai-land from the sacred olive, and, in obedience to some oracle, he filled a vessel with the water of the Cle- | WIKI |
Page:Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography - volume 2.pdf/190
HERRINGSHAWS LIBRAR? OF AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY.
202
own Life; and History of the Florentine Republic and the Mediei. He died Aug. 17, 1838, in
New York
City.
Darby, Ezra, congressman. In 1805-09 he
was a representative from New Jersey
to
the ninth and tenth congresses. He died Jan. 28, 1808. Darby, John, educator, author, was born Sept. 3, 1804, in North Adams, Mass. He
was an educator who was connected with various colleges north and south. He was the author of Manual of Botany; The Botany of the Southern States; and Chemistry. He died Sept. 18, 1877, in New York City. Darby, John Eaton, educator, physician, naturalist, scientist, was born on Aug. 20, Williamstown, Mass. In 1858 he graduated from Williams college; and in 1861 duly graduated from the medical col1835,
in
Western reserve university, in 1858-60 he was professor of latin and Greek in the Cleveland institute; and in 1861-62 was demonstrator of anatomy in the medical college of the Western reserve university. In 1862-66 during the civil war he was a surgeon in the United States service. In 1867-87 he was surgeon for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railway company; and during the same period was also visiting surgeon to the Lakeside hospital. In 1867-1906 he was professor of materia medica and therapeutics in the medical college of the Western reserve university; and since 1906 has been professor therapeutics emeritus. Since 1895 he has been a member of the medical board of the city hospital of Cleveland, Ohio. He has made special studies in natural history; is well known as a naturalist; and has contributed extensively to lege of the
scientific literature.
Darby, John Fletcher, lawyer, state senator, congressman, was born Dee. 10, 1803, in Person county, N.C. He was four times chosen mayor of the city of St. Louis; and served one term as a member of the state senate. In 1851-53 he was a representative from Missouri to the thirty-second congress.
He
died
May
11, 1882, in St. Louis,
Mo. Darby, William, geographer, lecturer, author, was born in 1775 in Pennsylvania. He was the author of Geographical Dictionary of Louisiana; Plan of Pittsburg and Adjacent Country; Emigrant's Guide to the Western Country; Tour from New York to Detroit; Geography and History of Florida; View of the United States; Lectures on the Discovery of America; Mnemonica, a Register of Events from the Earliest Period; and Geographical
Dictionary. 1864, in Washington, D.C.
He
died
Oct.
9,
Darby, William Johnson, clergyman, foundwas born Nov. 17, 1848, in Lyon county, Ky. In 1871-81 he was pastor of Cumberland presbyterian church at Evansville Ind. and since 1895 has been educational secretary of the C. P. church. He was chiefly instrumental in establishing the Woman's board of er,
missions, board of ministerial relief, of which he is vice-president. Darcey, John S., physician, state legislator, railroad president, was born Feb. 24, 1788, in Hanover, N.Y. He was a member of the state legislature in 1819; and in 1835-41 was United States marshal for New Jersey. On the incorporation of the New Jersey Railroad company he was elected its president, and held the office till his death, a period of over thirty years. He died Oct. 22, 1863, in Newark, N.J.
Darden, Mrs. Fannie Baker, author, poet, bom in 1829 in Alabama. She is the author of Romances of the Texas Revolu-
was
tion;
and Poems.
Darden, Miles, giant, was
bom
in 1798 in seven feet six and at his death weighed more than one thousand pounds. He died Jan. 23, 1857, in Henderson county, Tenn. Dare, Virginia, was born in August, 1587, in Roanoke, Va. She was the first child of English parents born in the new world. She
North
Carolina. inches in height,
He was
died in Virginia.
Dargan, Clara Victoria, author, poet, was born about 1840 in Winnsboro, S.C. After the close of the civil war she became a teacher in Y'orksville, S.C. She is the author of Riverlands, a prize story; and of another novel that obtained a prize, and was published as a serial. Dargan, Edmund Spawn, jurist, statesman, was born April 15, 1805, in Montgomery county, N.C. In 1845-47 he was a representative from Alabama to the twenty-ninth congress; and in 1849-52 was chief justice. He died in November, 1879, in Mobile, Ala.
Dargan, Edwin Charles, clergyman, auwas born Nov. 17, 1852, in Darlington county, S.C. In 1876 he was ordained to the ministry; and since 1907 he has been pastor of the first baptist church of Macon, Ga. He is the author of Notes on Colossians; A History of Preaching; and other works. Dargan, George W., lawyer, jurist, congressman, was born in 1841 in Darlington county, S.C. He was a representative in the state legislature in 1877 and was elected solicitor of the fourth judicial circuit in 1880. In 1883-91 he was a representative
thor,
from South Carolina to the forty-eighth, forty-ninth, fiftieth, and fifty-first congresses as a democrat. He died June 29, 1898, in Darlington, S.C. Dargan, Theodore A., physician, surgeon, author, was born in 1823 in Sleepy Hollow, S.C. He served in the civil war in confederate service as surgeon. In 1859 he published a paper on the subject of Typhoid Fever. Dargon, George W., lawyer, state senator, in 1801 in South Carolina. He was a member of the state senate for several years; commissioner in equity for Charleston; and in 1847-59 was chancellor of South
was born
Carolina. bia, S.C.
He
died June 12, 1859, in Colum- | WIKI |
Timothy Creasey
General Sir Timothy May Creasey (21 September 1923 – 5 October 1986) was a British Army officer who became General Officer Commanding of the British Army in Northern Ireland, as well as the commander of the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces.
Regimental career
Creasey was born in 1923, and educated at Clifton College. He joined the Army on leaving school, and was commissioned in the Indian Army on 1942, as a junior officer in the 10th Baluch Regiment. He served with them in South-East Asia, Italy and Greece, before transferring into the British Army and joining the Royal Norfolk Regiment.
In 1955, he was a major in 39th Infantry Brigade, which served in Kenya during the Mau Mau Uprising, and in the following year experienced a different form of unconventional warfare whilst posted to Northern Ireland, during the 1956 IRA border campaign. After a spell as an instructor at the Staff College, he was promoted to command the 1st Battalion of the newly formed Royal Anglian Regiment in 1965, and saw service in the Aden Emergency. He earned an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his service in the 1966 Birthday Honours.
Senior command
After Aden, he was promoted to command 11th Armoured Brigade in the British Army of the Rhine, a post he held from 1968 until 1970, and then attended the Royal College of Defence Studies in 1971. In 1972, he was appointed major-general and seconded to Oman, where he acted as Commander of the Sultan's Armed Forces. The new Sultan, Qaboos bin Said, had been trained at Sandhurst and served in the British Army, and as part of the revitalisation of his forces during the Dhofar Rebellion he requested a large number of British military advisors. Creasey's period in Oman was effective; he quickly established a centralised command of the Army, and helped take the initiative against the Dhofari rebels. His previous experience with the Indian Army proved an asset, as a sizeable proportion of the Omani army was made up of Baluchis. He left in February 1975, with the campaign winding down.
After a brief spell as Director of Infantry, he was appointed on 1 November 1977 to succeed Sir David House as General Officer Commanding in Northern Ireland.
His experience as a commander had largely been in small-scale "colonial wars", and as such he was a contentious choice for the position. He aimed to get quick results, and his belief that a military solution could be found to the problem put him at odds with the commander of the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Sir Kenneth Newman. This dispute peaked in 1979, after 18 soldiers were killed in the Warrenpoint ambush, when Creasey demanded the Army take over control of policing. However, he had a good working relationship with Roy Mason, the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. He was replaced as commander by Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Lawson on 1 December 1979.
He was appointed as Commander-in-Chief, UK Land Forces in 1980, but left this shortly thereafter to return to Oman, at the personal request of the Sultan. Creasey had waived retirement to become Deputy Commander-in-Chief and Chief of Defence Staff, in the Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces in 1981, and oversaw a far-reaching reform of the Ministry of Defence and a modernisation of the army. Among other features, the redesigned system gave him complete control of arms procurement, which with the approval of the Sultan, ensured that many contracts went to British firms. Perhaps unsurprisingly, his role in Oman was controversial in the country, with many senior Omanis criticising his methods. | WIKI |
Program Officer: Governance | TheHill
Job Function: Washington DC
Department: Governance
Location: Washington, DC
Program Officer: Governance
The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (NDI) is seeking a Program Officer to support NDI's democratic governance programs. The Governance Team's primary mission is to support the regional teams in the design, implementation and evaluation of democratic governance programs, including legislative strengthening, open government, executive branch transitions, local government, anti-corruption, and engagement with civic tech organizations. This position will be based in Washington, DC and may require occasional travel overseas.
This position contributes to the planning, design and implementation of programs related to parliamentary development, legislative strengthening, and international peer-to-peer exchange. Ideally, this candidate will have 3-4 years of experience working on Capitol Hill, with a related government agency, or experience with international parliamentary engagement programs
Responsibilities:
• Drafts memos, reports and other materials with some editing, direction and substance guidance; drafts entire or significant portions of quarterly reports, sections of work plans and larger proposals; edits work of Project Assistants, and where directed, other program assistant staff• Develops program concepts for proposals that reflect broader institutional strategies and approaches in tandem with cluster lead or Director• With respect to assigned programs, works with staff to provide, and ensure quality control over administrative support (e.g., travel arrangements, vendor contracting, event support, meeting preparation, printing, managing tablets for briefing books, etc.)• Contributes to work plan discussions and process for work plan drafting and submission, including preparation and coordination of scheduling for specific programs to ensure successful program events• Supports vision and aspects of parliamentary strengthening programs; anticipates programmatic administrative needs and with some guidance, takes appropriate actions; maintains interaction with field offices, when relevant (or for the purpose of organizing programming) and monitors and measures program performance, timing and results; prepares for assessments• Serves as POC for regional and field contacts with respect to assigned global programs; meets with funding agency representatives and program partners to describe program progress and to articulate new funding proposals and concepts; maintains frequent contact with NDI partners, prepares and assembles briefing materials as needed for or related to assigned programs• Acts as liaison with members of NGO, funding and Washington policymaking communities on areas of expertise; formulates funding ideas and pursues funding sources• Monitors budgets, grants and expenditures for larger or complex programs; creates proposal budgets with supporting notes for large programs; applies allowable costs according to restrictions, structures and mechanisms; ensures that they stay within budget limits; anticipates and successfully addresses costs and overages, and implements solutions to budget variances; implements and manages all aspects of subgrants• Travels to region to organize and conduct political assessments, or to assess new opportunities, conduct parliamentary strengthening programs, and implement training activities; may include moderation or facilitation of panels, trainings, and info-sessions.• Provides support for local and regional program conferences, workshops and meetings; organizes major cross-functional workshops; organizes delegations abroad• Shortlists international trainers, volunteers and field representatives; develops a network and suggests utilization
Qualifications:
• Bachelor's degree, preferably in International Relations or a related subject; Additional years of relevant experience may be substituted for educational requirement on a one-for-one basis• Ideally, 3-4 years of relevant work experience in parliamentary engagement, international development, community organizing, political campaigns, organizational development or legislative affairs• Demonstrated knowledge and/or competency in one or more areas of NDI's functional programs• High level of interpersonal skills and cultural sensitivity to effectively interact with all levels of staff, U.S. and foreign government personnel, members of donor organizations, funders and policy makers• Excellent oral communication skills to effectively present information, respond to questions• Exceptional writing skills to effectively create clear and concise proposals and reports• Foreign language ability preferred• Good negotiating skills; able to introduce new concepts• Capacity to work both independently and as a member of a team• Ability to analyze political work, define problems, collect data, establish facts and draw valid conclusions, and the ability to think innovatively• Experience with high-level exchange programs, and/or general event planning• Familiarity with U.S. Congress• Working knowledge of PC-based word processing and spreadsheet applications• Experience with Google Apps (Gmail, Calendar, Google Drive, G+, etc.) strongly desired• Working knowledge of budget and accounting procedures• Ability and willingness to travel up to 25% to regional locations, which are often remote and difficult to reach
Comments:
Candidates must be legally eligible to work in the U.S. NDI does not provide sponsorship.
This is a union position to be represented by the Office and Professional Employees International Union (OPEIU) Local 2.
NDI welcomes and supports a diverse, inclusive work environment. As such, our commitment is to promote equal employment opportunities (EEO) for all applicants seeking employment and NDI employees. NDI makes employment decisions based on organizational needs, job requirements and individual qualifications without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, marital status, sexual orientation, personal appearance, military status, gender identity or expression, genetic information, political affiliation, educational status, unemployment status, place of residence or business, source of income, or reproductive health decision making. Additionally, harassment or discrimination based on these characteristics will not be tolerated at NDI. To perform the essential functions of this position, reasonable accommodations are available to qualified individuals with disabilities and qualified individuals who have limitations due to pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding or medical related condition.
Apply Here: http://www.Click2Apply.net/zgqf95rvwgp9gsz5 PI114427198 The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The National Gazetteer - A Topographical Dictionary of the British Islands, Volume 1.djvu/782
Rh 1>. il>IUNGTOX. 772 M'l'lNiiTON. rvation. Tlio pareichi.il charities produce- about 111 i, num. Tin- Vishyan M.-thodists hav. ;i chapel. Tvli-r i> l..rd ol I ii /I >I i IN i. l'i iN, a par. iu tin.- lower div. of tho hund. of Boothby Graflb, parts ol Krx;,-,,n, : i Lin- lihvuy station, and G from Lincoln, its post town. It is situated on c I- vate-d gi-oiinel, and e'oiitains the tush)), ol' Vhisby. 'I'll'- living n.-ct, * in the dice, of Lincoln, val. 180, in tin- patron, of Colom i .!:n. ; church, dedicated to St. Peter, ia a fine (jothie structure, with towi-r and spiiv. G. K. Jarvis, Esq., is lord of the manor. Doddington Hall is a handsome mansion, formerly tli" s.-at of the Delaval family. DODDIXGTOX, a par. in the K. div. of (ilcudulo ward, in the co. of Northumberland, .'! miles N. of Wooler, its post town, and 13 S.W. of Berwick. It is situated on the banks of the rivers Till and Glen, and contains the tnslips. of Doddington, Ewart, Humbleton, Xesbit, and Earl. There is a spring-, yielding an abundant supply of water, called Dod Well, over which is a largo stone cross 20 feet high, and in the neighbour- hood are several collieries, the property of Lord Ossul- stono. The living is a perpet. cur.* in the dioc. of Durham, val. 180, in the patron, of the Duke of Nor- thumberland. The church is an ancient stoue structure in the early English style of an hiti cture. There are- National and Sunday schools. lie-mains of a Druidicnl temple and Danish encampment may be seen ; also some carvings on a rock, with traces of a camp, supposed to be Saxon. Lord Tankerville is lord of the manor, and principal owner of the soil. It is a meet for Lord Eli ho's hounds. DODDINGTON, DRY, formerly a par., now deemed a tnshp., in the par, of Wcstborough, wap. of Lovoden, parts of Kesteven, in the co. of Lincoln, 1J mile S. of ( 'laypolo station, and 6 miles S.E. of Newark, its post town. It is situated near the river William, and the Groat Northern railway passes through it. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of Lincoln, annexed to the rect. of the first mediety of Vestborough, in the patron, of the Rev. Robert Hall. The church, dedicated' to St. James, is an ancient structure, and is a chapel-of-ease to West- borough. The Wesleyans have a chapel. George Nevile, Esq., is lord of the manor. DODDINGTON, CHEAT, a par. in the hund. of Hamfordshoe, in the co. of Northampton, 8 miles E. of Northampton, and '2-, S.W. of Wcllingborough, its post town. It is pleasantly situated near the 1 river Xen, and the Peterborough branch of the London and North- V. stern railway passes through it. The inhabitants are chiefly employed in agriculture, and in the manufacture of boots and shoes. The living is a vie. in the dioc. of IV-terborough, val. 105, in the patron, of the lord chancellor. The church, dedicated to St. Luke, is a commodious stone structure, with an ancient Gothic belfry, doorway, and square tower with five bells. The e-harities are worth i'.j per annum. There is a chapel for Independents, and a large building used as a Sunday school. The Marquis of Northampton is lord of the manor. DODDIXGTREE, a hund. in the N.W. portion of Worcestershire, divided into upper and lower. The former contains the pars, of Acton-Beauchamp, King's Ar. l'-y, i"litti.n-ou-Ti-aim-. Cotheridge, Eastham, Edvin- ic, Hanley-William. ( !n at Kyrr, Murtlcy, Trite-hard Sapc-y. Walsh Shi-lsli-y, Stanford-on-Ti an <, Suckloy, Tc-nhury, and parts of Bookleton, ' amp, and Stoke Bliss, comprising 29,920 acres. The lower contains the borough of Bewdley and pars, of Abb. , P.a t-.n, I) . i-li lr.il cam, Mumble, Ribbcslnrd, Bock, Shiawl, y, .-- i. it Witlry, and part of Sin The hund. comprises 38,040 acres. IH II)DISC.M1',SLH|C||, a par. in th,- h.i.id. of Kx- r, in the co. of Devon, K miles N. of Chudlc -i-li, JU post town, and (i S.W. of Exeter It is situated on tin- rive r Trign, and is said to be rich iu mineral wealth, illy manganese, but the. mines have not i It i !'!! for its cider, whi'-h is i-stecim d tin- lini-st in tin- country. Tin- living it a 112, i '.con. of I In- Hi-v. .1 mi. The rhciH-li, il St. Mie ha. 1, is .1 -;..thir htriii'tiu-c. with ininu' tluvi; bells. The i-hariti.-s amount to '. annum, a].l lli'-rc are tin- and Sundav s> DODIM.KSTiiX, a par. partly in' I N <:1H Wali->, but chiefly in tin- IHWCT div. ol th. ; of Broxton, and partly in that of Maylor, in the co. palatine of milis S.V. ol' Chcsti i-iwn. It riintaiiis the tnshp.s. ,rf lli^hc'r Kinnerton, Doddleston, and Bodidris. Ti,, and Chrsti-r branch of th. ( in-at V. sti iii railway p through the villa: .-Flint. At I'.i'c!-: Bridge, in this pari.-h, HiiL'h Cyvelioc, Earl defeated tin- V. Isli with ten at slau^htf-r, ai rampart of tin- brads i.f the slain. D.ldl. tin- i-i-sidcni-i ..i'the Itoydc-lls, fonm-rly stood her.'. T^Bl Hall, occupied by !!.- Mauley family, was aitrrwi^H built upon its .- 'luring tin"- civil wara ^H made the head-quiirtcrs of the army 1 A farmhouse now stands on the spot. 'I h' living is a reel.* in the dioc. of Chester, val. 593, in t of the dean and chapter. The church, dedii Mary, is an ancient cor tuir with tower, and contains a monument of Baron Ellesmere, Lord Kcupcr of the Great Seal in the reign of Jamea I. TI produce about per annum. The Primitive Mc-tl. have a chapel. The Marquis of AVc -tminst. r i.- i tin manor. DODFORD, a par. iu the hund. of Fawsl. y, in tho co. of Northampton, 3 miles S.E. of Davc-mry. _' ' of Weedon, its post town and railway station, and 9 * Northampton. Its situation is well adapted top., and agriculture, lying in a narrow and valley. The soib is a deep loam, and the London and North- in the neighbourhood, marly parallel to the road, Watling Street, A spring ri- butary of the Nen. The; living is a vie. loii-li, val. 223, in the patron. I T. i toil, Esq. The church is dedicated t-. Si. ~M tower contains six bells and a clock which chimes. Tho font is supposed to In- Saxon In church are several brasses, one of a K and some curious and interesting mon an endowed charity school. Sir < is lord of the manor. DODFOED, a limit, in the hund. ot i in the co. of Worcester, 2 miles N.W. . t I; There are remains of a priory founded in tl l.ihn. 1 1' iDINGTON, a par. in the lower div. of tin- hund. of Grumbalds-Ash, in the co. of Gloucester,. of Chipping Sodbnry, its post town, and -! D on lh" (Jliiiu-i st. Tan : river 1- its soure-e- in (his p/.vi-h 'I in ;h' dioc. e.f (i.,i; In tho patron, of Sir C. B. Codringlon, Hart, i is a modem .^tone utructuro in tin- tonu of a cro.- is dedicated to St. Mary. I. t.ir girls. Deielin^ton ll"i; c is lh. in-t'.n, ]..rd e.f tin manor. Roman ivmainsl in tl:e virinity. IHiDINlJToN.a tnshp. in th. par. of Whit, hund. of I'.radford, in the co. of Salop, [ t White hurch. co. ol - ' miles N.W. of Nether Stowey, its pm* town, and '.1.1 X.V. of the- Dridirwati r stati ''T railway. li near (Juantock hills. Limestone is found in tin- n-ighb hood. A copper mine v but Bubsoquently alian i-rolitahli-. I is quarried, chiefly i"r bmning into linn-, and white- i: ni. t with in the quai living is a reel.* in tin eli., t -. of Uath mid . Us, val. i'l'J in the- patron, of the' Duko of Buckingham. The chu I to All Saints, is an ne structure i
* )(>HIN(r roN, aiar. in the bund, of Willit-n. in the | WIKI |
Camp Takota
Camp Takota is a 2014 comedy-drama film starring YouTube personalities Grace Helbig, Hannah Hart and Mamrie Hart. The film is directed by Nick Riedell and Chris Riedell, also known as The Brothers Riedell, and produced by Michael Goldfine. The film, produced by RockStream Studios, was released on February 14, 2014.
Plot
Elise Miller (Grace Helbig) is a twenty-something publishing assistant who is engaged to Jeff Sanford (Chester See), and just finished her first book, which is said to include "unrequited love and the Loch Ness Monster." At work, Elise accidentally sees her boss, Celia Burrows (Rachel Quaintance), making out with Walker Paige (Sawyer Hartman), of the hit "Midnight Moonlight" series. Her friend Manda (Megan M. Duffy) takes some photos of the two, which Elise accidentally uploads to the book's Facebook page; this blunder costs Elise her job. She returns home, only to find out that Jeff has been cheating on her, so she returns to her old apartment. She gets drunk, and calls Sally Meister (Ellen Karsten), the head camp counselor of Elise's old camp, Camp Takota, whom she met earlier again after eight years, and tells her that she's going back to camp. The next morning, Elise wakes up realizes what she has done, and decides to head to camp anyway. Arriving with the Fefferman family, including their young daughter Penny, Elise finds that her old friends and former Takota campers, Maxine Reynolds (Mamrie Hart) and Allison Henry (Hannah Hart), now work at the camp.
As the newest camp counselor, Elise has her hands full handling the campers, as she isn't interested in the whole camp experience. When she snaps on the campers in her class, after they find the letters Jeff has been sending her to win her back, Maxine invites her to her home with Allison later that night. Elise reveals what's been going on, with work, her ex-fiancée, and wishes that she was more like "a happier version of herself". As the three party, Elise spots Allison's acceptance letter from the Chicago Chef's Institute, then is startled by the appearance of Eli (Chris Riedell), the two girls' friend who works as a farmer. Giving her a lift back to camp, she finds that Eli had an ex-wife who cheated on him, and an attraction builds. The camp is visited by Jared Meister (John Milhiser), Sally's son, and his assistant Kyle (Jason McNichols), who want to turn Camp Takota into a more digital camp, because Takota has been losing business. Maxine soon gets confirmation from Sally that the camp will be closing after this summer, unless at least 50% of the campers pre-register for next year. She tells the news to Allison, Elise, and Chet (Cameron Britton), the camp's handyman, and they all agree to try to save the camp. However, Elise gets a call from Celia, who offers her her job back because the photos that were uploaded gave the "Midnight Moonlight" sales a huge boost, and agrees to publish her book if she arrives tomorrow morning. Elise takes up the offer, telling Maxine and Allison the news, which gets them into a heated argument because Maxine knows this isn't what Elise wants. Elise ends up revealing that Maxine is only saving the camp so she can get her promotion, and Allison got a career offer, and doesn't want Maxine to know because she is a control freak. Elise asks Eli for a ride to the train station, but he refuses because she's not just leaving Takota, she's also leaving him, so she asks Chet for a ride. Allison talks to Maxine, revealing that she wanted to leave but was afraid of her reaction, but Maxine confesses that all she wants is for Allison to go and be happy. Elise sits at the bus station, and thinks about the camp and her friends, and soon returns.
At the camp's final day, which is also Visitor's Day for parents; Elise, Maxine, and Allison put on a dance number. Later that night, Jared reveals the plan to replace Camp Takota, to which Maxine gives a tearful explanation over why they shouldn't allow that to happen. She then introduces Eli to the campers, who is also revealed to be a writer just like Elise, and tells a ghost story to them. Suddenly, Jeff interrupts and demands Elise to come home with him, but she refuses, with Jeff fighting Eli when she reveals he is her boyfriend. Jeff leaves in shame, and the night's events lead to 60% of the campers to pre-register for the next summer the next day, thus saving the camp. With the mission a success, the three girls sit and look out in the sunset before leaving. One year later, Maxine is the new head camp counselor at Takota; Allison is now in a culinary school training to be a chef in Chicago, and Elise and Eli are together, with Elise finally achieving success with her new book, "Cabin Fever", all about Camp Takota, featuring a character resembling Penny.
Cast
* Grace Helbig as Elise Miller
* Mamrie Hart as Maxine Reynolds
* Hannah Hart as Allison Henry
* Chris Riedell as Eli Morton
* Chester See as Jeff Sanford
* Sawyer Hartman as Walker Paige
* John Milhiser as Jared Meister
* Jason McNichols as Kyle
* Rachel Quaintance as Celia Burrows
* Megan M. Duffy as Manda
* Olivia Alexander as Vanessa
* Kate Goldman as Penny Fefferman
* Ellen Karsten as Sally Meister
* Cameron Britton as Chet
Production
The announcement of the film was made during a stage performance at YouTube's Vidcon event, with YouTube stars, Grace Helbig, Mamrie Hart, and Hannah Hart also announcing their involvement by starring in the film. Later casting revealed that notable YouTube personalities Chester See and Sawyer Hartman would also make cameo appearances in the film. At the same Vidcon event, a Camp Takota booth was opened where hundreds of fans flocked for photos and to sign up for the ongoing updates on the film's website.
Production started in rural California in August 2013, and filming ran over the course of 18 days. Camp Takota was co-financed and originally intended to be distributed by Chill.com, where the initial marketing and fan community lived until October 2013, where the website's dramatic downsizing resulted in the film being dropped from Chill.com's distribution. The film was then acquired by VHX, a digital distribution platform that helps independent artists sell video content and connect directly with their fans.
Release and reception
In Fall 2013, the CampTakota.com website launched a pre-order campaign with a release date of "early 2014". On December 24, 2013, the official trailer was made available online. On January 14, 2014; Helbig and Hannah Hart both revealed on their YouTube channels that the release would be February 14. On February 5, a new extended trailer was unveiled. The film was released on February 14, 2014, on its website and later on iTunes, with optional behind the scenes extras.
The film's reviews were mixed. Some said the movie was entertaining, sweet, funny, and filled with adult oriented humour, despite the film sounding like it was for pre-teens at first glance; while other reviews felt the movie lacked surprises and was predictable in its resolutions, as well as having problems with its transitions concerning its story and character. | WIKI |
Zero serious adverse event occurred through the scholarly research
Zero serious adverse event occurred through the scholarly research. period and may provide for long-term evaluation. Therefore, Beta-Lapachone the immunization of felines with HypoCatTM (Fel-CuMV) may possess a positive effect on the kitty allergy of the dog owner, and changes could possibly be assessed with the provocation check aswell as G(W)SS. (Fel d) things that trigger allergies, that are acknowledged by individual IgEs, have already been discovered [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Fel d 1, an uteroglobin-like proteins, is known as to end up being the major kitty allergen. Actually, 94% of sufferers allergic to felines have got Fel d 1-particular IgE [10]. Fel d 1 is one of the grouped category of secretoglobins with homologies to uteroglobin. Its function is certainly unknown nonetheless it continues to be postulated to try out a potential function in skin security and pelt conditioning or possess Beta-Lapachone an participation in the transportation of steroids, pheromones and hormones [11,12]. Fel d 1 is certainly stated in sebaceous, salivary, lacrimal, and anal glands and exists in the saliva, tears, fur and skin [13,14,15,16]. It really is shed in the kitty to the surroundings through airborne dander and if inhaled by human beings may bring about sensitization and induction of kitty allergy [17]. The immune system response against innocuous kitty allergens is certainly characterized as type I and IV hypersensitivity, regarding Th2 cells shaping the surroundings for creation of IgE antibodies by B and plasma cells and recruitment of extra inflammatory cells [18,19,20]. Affected sufferers suffer from minor symptoms, e.g., sneezing, itchiness of eye and epidermis, to serious symptoms which range Igfbp1 from conjunctivitis, rhinitis to asthma, which, upon immediate exposure to felines, can result in life-threatening conditions. There are many recommendations for coping with kitty allergy [21]. Allergic folks are advised in order to avoid allergen publicity by removal of most potential allergen-containing or polluted items in the households, e.g., cushions, blankets, carpets, mats. Environmental cleaning and the usage of air HEPA and humidifiers filters may also donate to Beta-Lapachone the relief of symptoms. Another approach is certainly to eliminate the kitty. However, the connection between owners and their felines is certainly often Beta-Lapachone so solid they are more likely to simply accept the risk with their health, that they may possibly not be completely alert to also, than quit their family pet [22]. Kitty allergic content deal with their allergic symptoms with antihistamines and corticosteroids usually. Another possibility is certainly allergen particular immunotherapy (AIT), which may be the just disease-modifying choice, but carries the chance of inducing critical side effects and could take years. Actually, AIT can need 30C80 injections more than a duration of 3 to 5 years with a minimal chance of achievement. New strategies explore different routes of administration (e.g., epicutaneous, sublingual, intralymphatic), different formulations of things that trigger allergies with adjuvants (e.g., MPL, MCT), the launch of mutations in to the proteins series which delete T IgE or cell epitopes, and the usage of brief peptides rather than full-length things that trigger allergies [23 finally,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. The task for the introduction of brand-new therapies is certainly exemplified with the latest failure of the phase III scientific research examining a peptide-based vaccine to take care of kitty allergy [32]. Beta-Lapachone Orengo et al. are creating a monoclonal IgG antibody therapy concentrating on Fel d 1 in human beings that aims to improve the allergen-specific IgG/IgE proportion and relieve symptoms and demonstrated good clinical influence [33]. An alternative solution method of the nagging issue of kitty allergy, and one which will not involve parting of the kitty from its owner, is certainly to lessen Fel d 1. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
In recent years, physics has given this question a resounding answer that overthrows the principle of mediocrity and affirms man’s special place in the cosmos. It turns out that the vast size and great age of our universe are not coincidental. They are the indispensable conditions for the existence of life on earth. In other words, the universe has to be just as big as it is and just as old as it is in order to contain living inhabitants like you and me. The entire universe with all its laws appears to be a conspiracy to produce, well, us. Physicists call this incredible finding the anthropic principle, which states that the universe we perceive must be of precisely such a nature as will make possible living beings who can perceive it. The Copernican narrative has been reversed and man has been restored to his ancient pedestal as the favored son, and perhaps even the raison d’être, of creation.
Physicists stumbled upon the anthropic principle by asking a simple question: why does the universe operate according to the laws it does? Think about it: the universe seems to follow a very specific set of rules, and yet it didn’t have to have these rules. So why these rules and not other rules? To take a simple example, the various forces in nature, such as the force of gravity, operate in ways that can be measured. Why is the gravitational force just this strong, and not stronger or weaker? Or consider that the universe is approximately fifteen billion years old and at least fifteen billion light years in size. What would have happened if the universe was much older and bigger or much younger and smaller?
The physicists who asked these questions arrived at a remarkable conclusion. In order for life to exist—in order for the universe to have observers to take notice of it—the gravitational force has to be precisely what it is. The Big Bang had to occur exactly when it did. If the basic values and relationships of nature were even slightly different, our universe would not exist and neither would we. Fantastic though it seems, the universe is fine-tuned for human habitation. We live in a kind of Goldilocks universe in which the conditions are “just right” for life to emerge and thrive. As physicist Paul Davies puts it,”We have been written into the laws of nature in a deep and, I believe, meaningful way.” The anthropic principle is now widely accepted among physicists, and there are several good books that explain it in comprehensive detail. John Barrows and Frank Tipler’s The Anthropic Cosmological Principle is the most thorough and detailed exposition. In his introduction to that book, physicist John Wheeler writes that “a life-giving factor lies at the center of the whole machinery and design of the world.” If you want a shorter and more readable version of the same argument, try astronomer Martin Rees’s Just Six Numbers. Rees argues that six numbers underlie the fundamental physical properties of the universe, and that each is an exact value required for life to exist. If any one of the six (say the gravitational constant, or the strong nuclear force) were different “even to the tiniest degree:’ Rees says, “there would be no stars, no complex elements, no life.” Although he disavows the religious implications, Rees does not hesitate to call the values attached to the six numbers “providential.”
Astronomer Lee Smolin imagines God as a kind of master technician who is sitting at a control panel with a set of dials in front of Him. One dial sets the mass of the proton, another the charge of the electron, a third the gravitational constant, and so on. God spins the dials randomly. What, Smolin asks, is the probability that this random spinning would result in a universe with stars and planets and life? “The probability,” he answers, “is incredibly small.” How small? Smolin’s estimate is one chance in ten to the power of 229. Smolin’s point is reinforced by a single example from physicist Stephen Hawking: “If the rate of expansion one second after the Big Bang had been smaller by even one part in a hundred thousand million million, the universe would have recollapsed before it even reached its present size.” So the odds against us being here are, well, astronomical. And yet we are here. Who is responsible for this? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CATHERINE TENORE, ETC., ET AL., PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS, v. NU CAR CARRIERS, INC., DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
Argued on January 6, 7, 1975
Decided June 18, 1975.
Mr. Myron J. Bromberg argued the cause for appellant (Messrs. Porzio, Bromberg & Newman,.attorneys; Mr. Bromberg, of counsel and on the brief).
Mr. Douglas Q. Greenfield argued the cause for respondents (Messrs. Stanley W. Greenfield, Douglas G. Greenfield, attorneys).
The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Pashman, J.
This is a wrongful' death action in which plaintiff appealed a $200,000 jury verdict contending that the trial court had erroneously refused to allow expert economic testimony concerning inflationary trends on the issue of future wage losses of the deceased. In an unreported opinion, the Appellate Division concluded that the evidence should have been admitted and ordered a new trial on the issue, of damages only. We granted defendant’s petition for certification, 66 N. J. 319 (1974), to consider the proper scope of expert testimony in this context.
The deceased, Richard Tenore, a 40-year old union electrician, was killed when he was struck by a wheel that broke free from one of defendant’s trucks. The accident occurred on December 27, 1971 while Tenore and another electrician were working on the New Jersey Turnpike in the vicinity of the Newark Airport. At the time of his death Tenore was employed as a foreman by the Daidone Electric Company. In 1971 his gross salary was $20,323.43, exclusive of a $3,000 bonus which was paid to his wife shortly after his death.
In Pebruary 1972 Tenore’s widow commenced a wrongful death action against defendant Nu Car Carriers, Inc., alleging that its negligence caused her husband’s death. The jury found defendant negligent.
In support of the claim for damages, plaintiff offered the testimony of Arthur Schoenwald, an economist who specialized in the practical application of economic principles to problems of valuations. In response to specific questions by the court, the witness stated that his area of expertise included the training of an actuary in the determination of present value of future losses. Having qualified as an expert, Dr. Schoenwald testified that his examination of wage trends over the past 36 years showed an average increase of 5j4% a year. In preparing his testimony, the witness extrapolated from these data and applied the projected wage increases to Tenore’s most recent base earnings through the year 1996 (Tenore’s projected work life expectancy would have been 24 years and 7 months) when the deceased would have reached the normal retirement age of 65. When Dr. Schoenwald attempted to testify concerning his projections of Tenore’s salary in future years, however, the court ruled the projections inadmissible:
THE COURT: ... I will not allow projection in the future. ***■**«’*»
MR. GREENFIELD: May I respectfully ask why * * *?
THE COURT: Because it is a guess.
It was plaintiff’s intention to have the expert testify from a prepared report to specific figures of projected future income and net losses of such income after deduction of personal expenses of decedent had he lived, and then to calculate the present value at a discount rate of 4% of such future losses. In the projections the decedent would be shown as earning $35,584 in 1980, $52,672 in 1990 and $64,084 in 1995, the last working year of decedent’s statistical expectancy. The report would have shown net future losses to the next of kin in the aggregate sum of $925,361, having a present value at the discount rate of 4% of $559,949. That would have been the figure presented to the jury as the expert’s appraisal of the damages in this case.
Plaintiff was also concerned about the admissibility of testimony concerning the effect of income taxes on the deceased’s future earnings, and after a discussion held out of the presence of the jury, the court, over objection, decided that the income tax liability on Tenore’s earnings could not be brought out on cross-examination.
Despite the total absence of testimony concerning either factor and the court’s express ruling on the tax question, the court permitted the jury to consider inflation in fixing damages and instructed them to consider the effect of income taxes upon income which the deceased might have earned had he lived.
Although the jury awarded her a verdict, plaintiff appealed on the basis of the trial court’s exclusion of expert economic testimony on the question of deceased’s future earnings. In remanding the case for retrial on damages, the Appellate Division reasoned that the economic evidence proffered by plaintiff was relevant to the determination of the aggregate anticipated loss of future earnings resulting from the untimely death of decedent. Acknowledging that this form of evidence “does not enjoy the quality of the absolute,” the court nonetheless concluded that it did not warrant dismissal as speculation. Indeed, in the court’s view, plaintiff’s evidence would have reduced the degree of jury speculation by providing some guidelines for the practical application of inflation to the determination of the survivor’s damages. We are only in partial agreement with that conclusion. In our judgment, the Appellate Division was correct in remanding the case for retrial as to the proper measure of damages, and approving expert testimony as to expected inflationary wage trends but not in implying that the witness might be allowed to present his conclusion as to damages in aggregate dollar terms.
I
The fundamental aim of our Wrongful Death Act, N. J. S. A. 2A:31-1 et seq., is compensation for the pecuniary losses suffered by the survivors of those killed by wrongful act, neglect or default. In assessing damages for pecuniary loss, the Legislature has directed the jury to award an amount which is fair and just under the circumstances:
In every action brought under the provisions of this chapter the jury may give such damages as they shall deem fair and just with reference to the pecuniary injuries resulting from such death, together with the hospital, medical and funeral expenses incurred for the deceased, to the persons entitled to any intestate personal property of the decedent. [N. J. S. A. 2A:31-5 (Supp. 1975-76)].
Under our practice, however, the defendant in a wrongful death action is entitled to have the recovery discounted to present value, a procedure which recognizes that the deceased would have had his income spread out over the remaining years of his working life, had he lived. See Matthews v. Nelson, 57 N. J. Super. 515, 520 (App. Div. 1959), certif. den., 31 N. J. 296 (1960); Kappel v. Public Service Ry., 105 N. J. L. 264, 265 (Sup. Ct. 1929). See also Russell v. City of Wildwood, 428 F. 2d 1176, 1181-82 (3 Cir. 1970); Noa v. LeGore, 131 N. J. L. 229, 235-36 (E. & A. 1944).
At a time when past history and present economic trends prognosticate generally rising wage scales attributable largely to an inflationary cycle, there is no sound reason why the opinion of a qualified expert on that subject should not be made available for the assistance of the jury in appraising damages. Precluding this element from the damage determination would work an injustice upon the survivor, particularly when it is recalled that the verdict awarded the successful plaintiff represents current compensation for future loss.
The difficulty in the present case, however, was not in the trial court’s failure to permit the jury to consider an inflation factor, but rather in the exclusion of evidence which was offered to provide expert testimony to guide the jury in its application of inflation to the verdict. We conclude that the jury should, within limitations stated hereinafter, have had the benefit of expert testimony on inflation to provide them with informed guidelines in assessing the effect of future wage increases on plaintiff’s losses.
The problem of the effect of inflation upon damage awards is not a new one, but in the past the question has usually come before the courts either in the context of permitting the jury in the first instance to consider it in fixing damages, or in recognizing changes in the purchasing power of the dollar in reviewing verdicts. See generally Annotation, “Changes in the cost of living or in the purchasing power of money as affecting damages for personal injuries or death,” 12 A. L. R. 2d 611 (1950); Note, 48 Colum. L. Rev. 264 (1948). See Andryishyn v. Ballinger, 61 N. J. Super. 386 (App. Div. 1960), certif. den., 33 N. J. 120 (1960) where the court observed that, in general, damages must he left to the discretion of the jury, “and the value of the award must be appraised in light of existing economic conditions.” Id. at 393. See also Cermak v. Hertz Corp., 53 N. J. Super. 455, 465 (App. Div. 1958), aff'd per curiam, 28 N. J. 568 (1959); Cabakov v. Thatcher, 37 N. J. Super. 249, 258 (App. Div. 1955); Paparazzo v. Perkel, 16 N. J. Super. 128, 133 (App. Div. 1951); Moore v. Public Service Coordinated Transport, 15 N. J. Super. 499, 512 (App. Div. 1951); Dandrea v. Centofante, 13 N. J. Super. 445, 447 (App. Div. 1951); Bardack v. Extract, 13 N. J. Super. 350, 356 (App. Div. 1951); Nusser v. United Parcel Service, 3 N. J. Super. 64, 69-70 (App. Div. 1949); Bowes v. Public Service Ry., 94 N. J. L. 378, 379 (Sup. Ct. 1920); Clif ford v. McCloskey, 13 N. J. Super. 96, 97-98 (Law Div. 1951); McStay v. Przychocki, 9 N. J. Super. 365, 369 (Cty. Ct. 1950), aff’d, 10 N. J. Super. 455 (App. Div. 1950), aff’d, 7 N. J. 456 (1951).
Although inflation has thus often been recognized in a general way in fixing or reviewing damage awards, attempts to introduce expert testimony to provide guidelines for evaluating its impact on future pecuniary loss is a relatively recent development, one which has been applauded by several commentators. One of the leading writers on the subject of wrongful death, for example, has argued:
* * * [I]n measuring damages caused by the wrongful killing of a husband and father for example, we must strive to be accurate. Any tools that will aid us in this regard should not be ignored. The jurors are not expected to appreciate all the intricacies of economic theory. But they live with inflation every day of the year, and are well able to grasp the basic concepts involved. We do not want merely a reasonable approximation of the plaintiff’s loss — we want as accurate an approximation of that loss as possible! [Speiser, Recovery for Wrongful Death, § 8:11 at 527 (1966)].
See also Leonard, “Future Economic Yalue in Wrongful Death Litigation,” 30 Ohio State L. J. 502 (1969).
The principal argument against the admission of expert testimony on the relationship between future inflationary trends and the claimant’s pecuniary losses is the assertion that the evidence is unduly speculative. Indeed, in the present case, defendant has characterized this inquiry as a “ridiculous academic exercise.”
Although the precise question is one of first impression in our State, many of the courts of other jurisdictions have concluded that expert testimony on the issue of future earnings, while in one sense speculative, in fact reduces the degree of jury conjecture in arriving at a just verdict. As early as 1949 in Turrietta v. Wyche, 54 N. M. 5, 212 P. 2d 1041 (1949), the Supreme Court of New Mexico held that testimony tending to prove plaintiff’s future earning capacity in an action for personal injuries was properly admitted. Recognizing that the evaluation of an individual’s future earning potential necessarily involves a degree of uncertainty, the court nonetheless concluded that “any evidence that would fairly indicate [plaintiff’s] earning capacity, and the probability of its increase or decrease in the future ought to be admitted.” 54 N. M. at 15, 212 P. 2d at 1047.
More recently, in Krohmer v. Dahl, 145 Mont. 491, 402 P. 2d 979 (1965), a wrongful death and survival action, the trial court admitted the testimony and exhibits of a professor of economics which were offered to prove the future earnings of an 18-year old college student. The evidence was admitted over defendant’s objection that it was speculative. On appeal, the Supreme Court of Montana affirmed, emphasizing that the economic evidence would reduce the danger of speculation in fixing damages:
This court agrees that the testimony and exhibits of Heliker were speculative in nature, but no more so than any other evidence that has for its purpose the proof of future action or events. The issue before the trial judge, as seen by this tribunal, was whether the testimony of Heliker should be allowed, in order to give the jury some basis upon which to reach a conclusion in regard to the possible future earnings of the decedent, or whether to leave the jury unguided and hope that by their common knowledge and sense of justice they might arrive at a more accurate estimation of damages. It appears to us that in this particular case the element of conjecture is reduced, significantly by the admission of expert testimony as to the possible future earnings of the decedent. It also appears that this expert testimony is not only the best evidence, but the only evidence available in this case to prove future earnings. [145 Mont. at 495, 402 P. 2d at 981],
See also Beebe v. Johnson, Mont., 526 P. 2d 128 (1974).
In the present case, however, Dr. Schoenwald attempted to project plaintiff’s future losses not in general terms but by assuming a 4% rate of increase over decedent’s remaining working life. Several courts which have considered the issue recently have specifically endorsed this approach, finding that such a projection is not unduly speculative. In Plourd v. Southern Pacific Transportation Co., 266 Or. 666, 513 P. 2d 1140 (1973), for example, an economist was permitted to assume a 5% rate of increase over a 23-year period in a personal injury action. In rejecting defendant’s argument that the economist’s projection was “ 'pure speculation,’ ” the court observed:
In our opinion, however, it is no more speculative to assume that wage rates for plaintiff’s employment will continue to increase at least 5% per year for the next 23 years, based upon a history of such a rate of increase durting the past 23 years, than it is to assume that the interest discount rate will remain stationary during the same 23-year period. [266 Or. at 677, 513 P. 2d at 1146],
A similar conclusion was reached by the court in Resner v. Northern Pacific Ry., 161 Mont. 177, 505 P. 2d 86 (1973), a wrongful death action brought under the Eederal Employers’ Liability Act, in which the Montana Supreme Court reinstated a jury verdict based on a 5% projected rate of wage growth.
We are persuaded that fair and just compensation in wrongful death eases must be based on a jury consideration of the effects of future inflation. It is naive to suppose that the question does not occur to the average juror, particularly in these troubled economic times. In this respect we find the observations of the court in Scruggs v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry., 320 F. Supp. 1248 (W. D. Va. 1970) appropriate:
The question before the jury was the pecuniary loss which would be suffered by the plaintiff and her son in the future. The probability of increases in decedent’s income was certainly relevant to that issue. It seems unlikely that their conclusions will be any less valid from having heard the testimony objected to, and they may be much more correct than otherwise. Inflation is a topic of almost universal discussion and it seems improbable that the jury could avoid taking it into account even in the absence of any testimony about it. The defendant cross-examined [the economist] and also argued its analysis of the trends, which the jury apparently did not accept. [320 F. Supp. at 1251].
We conclude, as did the court in Scruggs, that “some inflation over a period of years seems to be a fact of life and ... as a practical matter, juries can scarcely be prevented from considering such elements in their deliberations.” 320 F. Supp. at 1250-51.
Iii our view, therefore, in wrongful death actions, the jury should be instructed that it is permissible for them to consider the impact of inflation upon the survivor’s future losses. To reduce the possibility of undue conjecture on the part of the jury, plaintiff should also have an opportunity to offer expert economic testimony on the question to provide them with informed guidelines in their deliberations. See Evid. R. 56; Rempfer v. Deerfield Packing Corp. 4 N. J. 135, 141-42 (1950). Of course, we recognize that economists may differ in their analyses of past trends and future projections and consequently we anticipate that defendants in wrongful death cases will want to offer the testimony of their own experts in rebuttal. This is a familiar practice in other contexts and we see no reason why the same procedure cannot be resorted to in order to give the jury in death eases the benefit of all available points of view.
In holding that expert economic testimony is admissible in actions for wrongful death on the issue of the effect of in- ' fiation on the survivor’s future pecuniary loss, we are aware that not all courts share this view. In our judgment, however, it is simply unrealistic to ignore the problem of inflation in this context. Given the enormity of the potential impact of rising costs over a long period of time, we conclude that evidence of informed estimates of future inflationary trends will result in damage awards that are fair and just.
We return to the matter of introduction in evidence of tables prepared by the expert witness purporting to show plaintiff’s aggregate damages. This is improper for two reasons. In the first place, the tables assume fact findings not within the peculiar expertise of the economic expert. In the second place, the projection of a gross figure before the jury submitted by an expert tends to exert an undue psychological impact leading to the danger of its uncritical acceptance by the jury in the place of its own function in evaluating the proofs.
As to the first point, the tables assume there will never be a lapse in decedent’s earning capacity because of illness, incapacity, change of jobs, layoffs, etc. Cf. Cross v. Robert E. Lamb, Inc., 60 N. J. Super. 53, 79, 80 (App. Div. 1960), certif. den 32 N. J. 350 (1960). They also assume that a substantial share of the family income would not have been consumed by decedent but only his pocket money expense of about $4,223 per year (as to the lack of justification for this assumption see O’Connor v. United States, 269 F. 2d 578 (2 Cir. 1959)). When these disputable assumptions, as to which the jury should make their own subordinate findings, are taken together with the, at best, guesses by the expert that the rate of annual wage increase will proceed at a 4% level for the entirety of the projected working life expectancy of decedent and that 4% is a fair rate for discounting to present value (in the face of conservative current interest rates of at least double that figure), there is necessarily present in the total resulting damage figure submitted by the expert a substantial risk of unreliability and a considerable degree of non-expert conclusion.
As to the prejudicial capacity before a jury of gross dollar totals submitted in this manner, compare Botta v. Brunner, 26 N. J. 82, 104 (1958) where the court said:
We know that as a matter of practice when the ad damnum clause is brought to the attention of the jury, the court admonishes them that it only represents the claim of the plaintiff and that their award must be based on reasonable compensation. But it is extremely doubtful whether such admonitions are sufficient to eliminate the figure from their minds as a conscious or unconscious factor in reaching their verdict. [26 N. J. at 104],
See also Cross v. Robert E. Lamb, Inc., supra.
What we do expect is that the experts will provide the jury with their analyses of trends of future wage increases and discount interest rates generally and that then, giving dne regard to credibility, the jury will use those trends and rates in arriving at their own independent single-figure appraisal of plaintiff’s pecuniary loss.
II
Although the trial court in the present ease instructed the jury that any award for plaintiff should be based on losses after income taxation and that the award itself would not be subject to federal income taxation, the court refused to allow defendant to pursue the question of taxes on cross-examination. In our view, the trial court erred in this respect. Since plaintiff’s losses in a wrongful death action are limited to the value of the deceased’s net income, we believe that fairness requires that defendant have an opportunity to introduce evidence of deceased’s tax liability or to develop the matter on cross-examination of plaintiff’s witnesses.
The matter of income taxes has concerned the courts in two ways: (1) should future taxes be deducted from future wages in estimating losses from deprivation of future earnings; (2) should juries be told the fact that awards of damages are not subject to income taxes. Different considerations apply to these questions but the courts have frequently dealt with them together. The first problem is addressed to precision in estimating loss of future earnings; the second, to the matter of dissuading the jury from increasing a verdict on the mistaken assumption that the damages are taxable and a desire to make the plaintiff whole as against such tax imposition. See Abele v. Massi, Del., 273 A. 2d 260, 261 (Sup. Ct. 1970).
In the past most courts which have been confronted with the problem of the effect of income taxes on damage awards have refused to admit evidence on the issue or to instruct the jury on such issues. See generally Nordstrom, “Income Taxes and Personal Injury Awards,” 19 Ohio State L. J. 212 (1958); Annotation, “Propriety of taking income tax into consideration in fixing damages in personal injury or death action,” 63 A. L. R. 2d 1393 (1959). Two principal reasons are generally advanced to justify the view that income taxes should be ignored in fixing damages in personal injury or death cases: (1) an individual’s future income tax liability is too speculative or conjectural a factor to be considered, e. g., Stokes v. United States, 144 F. 2d 82, 87 (2 Cir. 1944); Hall v. Chicago & North Western Ry., 5 Ill. 2d 135, 125 N. E. 2d 77, 86 (1955); and (2) tax matters are too complicated for jury consideration, e. g., Highshew v. Kushto, 235 Ind. 505, 134 N. E. 2d 555, 556 (1956) ; Pfister v. Cleveland, 96 Ohio App. 185, 113 N. E. 2d 366, 368 (Ct. App. 1953), appeal dismissed, 159 Ohio St. 580, 112 N. E. 2d 657 (1953).
Stokes, supra is one of the earliest reported decisions dealing with the problem of income taxes and damage awards and although it is frequently cited as authority for the proposition that income taxes should not be deducted in estimating loss of income, the court resolved the question in an offhand fashion stating simply that there was no error “in the refusal to make a deduction for income taxes in the estimate of the libellant’s expected earnings; such deductions are too conjectural.” 144 F. 2d at 87.
Sixteen years later, however, the Second Circuit gave the issue a more thorough' airing in McWeeney v. New York, N. H. & H. R. R., 282 F. 2d 34 (2 Cir. 1970) (en banc), cert. den. 364 U. S. 870, 81 S. Ct. 115, 5 L. Ed. 2d 93 (1960). McWeeney was an action brought under the Federal Employers’ Liability Act by a brakeman who was injured when he was struck by a railroad freight car. A jury awarded McWeeney $87,000 but when defendant’s motion for a new trial was denied, he appealed claiming that the trial court erred in denying ten requests to charge. Defendant’s requests were intended to caution the jury to calculate plaintiff’s future losses on the basis of his net income and to 'advise them that a damage award is tax-exempt. Defendant’s requests brought into sharp focus the dual nature of the inquiry in this context. Eirst, should gross or net income be used to calculate plaintiff’s lost earnings; and second, should the jury be advised of the exemption?
Writing for the majority, Judge Eriendly held that Stokes, supra was controlling and consequently no deduction should be made for income taxes in computing plaintiff’s losses. 282 F. 2d at 39. Acknowledging that the deduction of taxes from the loss of earning power has a “surface appeal,” 282 F. 2d at 35, the majority nonetheless concluded that the pragmatic difficulty in instructing the jury on a matter as uncertain as plaintiff’s future income tax liability was impractical in the ordinary case. The court also conceded that when viewed in isolation, a failure to instruct the jury to consider income taxes “may tend to make verdicts too high,” but reasoned that two off-setting factors, inflation and attorneys’ fees, would tend to counter-balance what would otherwise be “any excess in the verdict due to failure to deduct income tax.” 282 F. 2d at 37-38. In holding that no deduction was warranted in the instant appeal, however, the court left open the possibility that there may indeed be exceptional cases in which such a deduction would be appropriate :
There may be cases where failure to make some adjustment for the portion of a plaintiff’s or decedent’s earnings that would have been taken by income taxes would produce an improper result, but these are at the opposite end of the income spectrum from Mc-Weeney’s. For example, if a plaintiff or a plaintiff’s decedent, had potential earnings of $100,000 a year, more than half of which would have been consumed by income taxes, an award of damages based on gross earnings would be plainly excessive even after taking full account of the countervailing factors wc have mentioned. [282 F. 2d at 38 (footnote omitted)].
With respect to defendant’s request that the court simply advise the jury that plaintiff’s damages are not taxable, the court correctly observed that unlike the instruction on plaintiff’s net earnings, "it imposes no new burden on the jury and there is nothing speculative about it,” 282 F. 2d at 39, thus it would not have been error for the court to give the instruction. However, since there was no evidence that the jury had increased its verdict to account for taxes, the court declined to characterize the omission as reversible error. 282 F. 2d at 39-40.
Chief Judge Lumbard dissented. In his view, the judgment should have been reversed because of the trial court’s failure to charge the jury that any sum awarded to plaintiff would not be taxable. 282 F. 2d at 40. He also argued that the instruction on plaintiff’s net income should also be given on retrial if defendant offered evidence of plaintiff’s actual taxes in the past or alternatively what an individual in plaintiff’s position would normally pay. With respect to the majority’s conclusion that in order for the jury to consider the income tax factor, the jury would be subjected to considerable additional evidence, complex computations, and unpredictable variables, the Chief Judge observed:
In my view Judge Friendly greatly overestimates the task which the jury would be called on to perform. As his own opinion points out, all that the defendant needed to do in this case was to take the rate of earnings of the plaintiff — $4,800 a year — and compute the taxes which a bachelor with no dependents would pay on the simple tax form, namely $773. The proposed instruction would merely require the jury to estimate loss of future income on the basis of MeWeeney’s net income of approximately $4,000 rather than upon his gross income of $4,800. [282 F. 2d at 41 (Lumbard, O. J. dissenting. ) ] .
McWeeney, however, was by its terms applicable only in situations in which damages are governed by federal law, or where the applicable state law is silent on the subject of taxes. 282 F. 2d at 39. As a result, the McWeeney court found no conflict between its resolution of the tax issue and its prior decision in O’Connor v. United States, 269 F. 2d 578 (2 Cir. 1959), a decision applying the Oklahoma law of damages, and which, ironically, contains one of the most articulate arguments in favor of deducting income taxes in computing damages. Plaintiff in O’Connor sued the United States under -the Federal Tort Claims Act to recover for the death of her husband. In concluding that a deduction should be made, the court observed that it would be “wholly unrealistic” to suppose that federal income taxes would cease or decrease substantially in the deceased’s lifetime:
We think that such a deduction should be made. It has been said that future taxes are too uncertain to admit of advanced computation. But it is wholly unrealistic to suppose that, at any time within the limits of the years the deceased could reasonably have been expected to live either the discontinuance or substantial reduction of Federal Income Taxes would occur. The deceased, as a salaried employee, never had in his own hands the amount withheld from his earnings for Federal Income Tax purposes; and his wife and child could have no direct benefit from that part of his earnings. While mathematical certainty is not possible any more than it is in a prognosis of life expectancy and future earnings, nevertheless, an estimate may be made based generally on current rates, from which there should be computed the future income of the deceased after payment of Federal Income Taxes rather than before. [269 F. 2d at 584].
In the court’s view, such a deduction was also warranted because it discerned an implication in the Oklahoma law of damages that “ Take home’ pay is considered the proper basis of earnings.” 269 F. 2d at 585.
Although the Second Circuit continues to apply McWeeney in the “great mass of litigation at the lower or middle reach of the income scale,” 282 F. 2d at 39, see, e. g., Petition of Marina Mercante Nicaraguense, S. A., 364 F. 2d 118, 125-26 (2 Cir. 1966), cert. den. 385 U. S. 1005, 87 S. Ct. 710, 17 L. Ed. 2d 544 (1967), other courts have declined to follow its lead even in cases involving persons of moderate income. In Brooks v. United States, 273 F. Supp. 619 (D. S. C. 1967), for example, a wrongful death and survival action instituted pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act, plaintiff sought damages for the death of her husband, a service technician for a cash register company. Finding that the question was an open one in the jurisdiction, the court felt free to follow “the commands of reasonable justice” and deduct income taxes from the deceased’s prospective income. 273 F. Supp. at 632.
In deciding Brooks, the court emphasized the conceptual differences between personal injury and death actions for purposes of evaluating the income tax problem, a distinction which had often been overlooked in the past:
[A]sserted want of “sufficient certitude” is most often predicated upon the claim that changes in taxable deductions, such as increases in dependents, may subsequently occur, making impossible any fair calculation of future tax. Such argument may be applicable to a personal injury suit but has little relevancy to a death action. [273 F. Supp. at 629-30] .
Since McWeeney was a personal injury action, the court concluded that the argument advanced by Judge Friendly which raised the possibility of an increase in the size of plaintiff’s family and the attendant need of the jury to guess or hear testimony on the matter, was simply not relevant in a death case. 273 F. Supp. at 630. See also In re Sincere Navigation Corp., 329 F. Supp. 652, 659 (E. D. La. 1971); Meehan v. Central R. R. Co. of New Jersey, 181 F. Supp. 594, 614 (S. D. N. Y. 1960) (reviewing verdict).
The courts of several states have also concluded that income taxes must be recognized in fixing damages in wrongful death cases. In Floyd v. Fruit Industries, 144 Conn. 659, 136 A. 2d 918 (1957), a wrongful death action in which plaintiff sought damages under the Connecticut statutory framework for the death of a passenger who was killed in an automobile accident, the 'Supreme Court of Errors of Connecticut considered and rejected the reasoning of the cases in which evidence of income taxes was excluded. With specific reference to Stokes, supra, and a case which followed it, the court said:
We are not impressed by the reasoning of these cases. The factor in question is no more uncertain, speculative or conjectural than many of the other factors which must be, and in this case were, submitted to the consideration of the jury .... [144 Conn. at 672, 136 A. 2d at 925].
Consequently, the court concluded that there was no error in allowing defendant to cross-examine plaintiff’s accountant and to introduce independent evidence on the question of plaintiff’s income tax liability. 144 Conn. at 673, 136 A. 2d at 926. But see Gorham v. Farmington Motor Inn, Inc., 159 Conn. 576, 271 A. 2d 94 (1970) (trial court did not err in refusing to charge jury that the verdict in a personal injury action would not be subject to income taz).
Almost ten years ago, the court in Furumizo v. United States, 245 F. Supp. 981, 1014 (D. Haw. 1965), aff'd 381 F. 2d 965 (9 Cir. 1967), characterized the deduction of estimated income taxes as “the more modern and reasonable” rule. We agree, and although we are aware that- some degree of conjecture is involved in making this adjustment in estimating losses in death eases, we are not persuaded that this degree of uncertainty requires us to close our eyes to reality. We also appreciate the fact that our decision will of necessity inject additional elements of proof into the trial of wrongful death cases. We do not think that the problem will be insurmountable for the trial courts or juries. We decline to give simplicity paramount significance in fashioning the law of damages. Such an approach might aid the judiciary hut hardly justice. Todd v. Sandidge Construction Co., 341 F. 2d 75, 77 (4 Cir. 1964).
More recently, in Adams v. Deur, Iowa, 173 N. W. 2d 100 (1969), the Supreme Court of Iowa reached a similar conclusion. Adams was a wrongful death action in which the trial court overruled repeated attempts by defendant to offer evidence of deceased's income tax payments for prior years. Recognizing that the weight of authority precluded the proffered evidence, the court nonetheless held that its refusal constituted reversible error. 173 N. W. 2d at 104. Finding that future probable taxes are no more speculative than many other elements which a jury must consider in fixing damages in a wrongful death case, the court concluded that:
This court is satisfied and now holds it is more realistic, reasonable and fair that a defendant be permitted, in a wrongful death action, to cross-examine plaintiff’s witnesses, present evidence, and comment in argument to the jury or trier of the facts, with regard to the incidence of taxes, federal and state, upon a decedent's past and probable future earnings or income as they relate to present value of a decedent’s estate. [173 N. W. 2d at 105].
See also Turcotte v. Ford Motor Co., 494 F. 2d 173, 185 (1 Cir. 1974) (under Bhode Island law it was error in a wrongful death action not to consider evidence of plaintiff’s income tax liability).
We conclude that the approach taken by the court in Adams, supra is the most reasonable and just solution to the problem of income taxes and damage awards. Consequently, we hold that under our wrongful death act, defendants must have an opportunity to cross-examine plaintiffs’ witnesses to elicit testimony concerning deceased’s income tax liability, or to develop the matter by extrinsic evidence, to the end that the jury be enabled to make an informed estimate, based upon the deceased’s projected net income after taxes, of the survivor’s pecuniary loss. Consequently, plaintiff’s recovery must be calculated on the basis of the deeeased’s net income after taxes giving due regard to the evidence adduced on the deceased’s income tax liability. As we have pointed out above, there is a sound purpose in having the court instruct the jury that the damage award is not subject to income taxation itself. This is to prevent a jury which might think otherwise from improperly increasing the verdict to protect plaintiff from the impact of such taxes. In accordance with eases cited above, we therefore direct that such an instruction be given the jury in this type of case.
We do not mean to suggest from the foregoing that the jury in death cases must be given a precise formula and then by complex instructions be asked to compute a verdict with mathematical exactness. Cf. Moich v. Terminal & Transportation Co., 82 N. J. Super. 353, 365 (App. Div. 1964); Andryishyn v. Ballinger, supra, 61 N. J. Super. at 393. See also Cross v. Robert E. Lamb, Inc., supra. But see Matthews v. Nelson, supra, 57 N. J. Super. at 520. But we have determined that the jury should have the benefit of evidence which will apprise them of the probable impact of income taxes on deceased’s future losses. With the benefit of this evidence, the jury, guided by instructions to base future losses on net rather than gross income, can exercise its collective judgment in arriving at a just verdict under all the circumstances.
Affirmed and modified.
For affirmance as modified — Chief Justice Hughes, Justices Mountain, Sullivan, Pashman and Clifford and Judge Conford — 6.
For reversal — Hone.
The witness found that despite six periods of recession during the 36-year interval from 1936-1972, wage rates increased every year. The rates of increase varied from a low of 1% to a high of 8% or 9%.
The salary used by Dr. Schoenwald was $26,000 per year which was based on the assumption, confirmed by testimony of Tenore’s employer, that he was scheduled for promotion to superintendent shortly before his death. The witness also used a 4% rate of wage increase in making his calculations rather than the 5 %% figure indicated by the past 36-year history of wage trends.
Counsel for defendant strenuously urged that such an inquiry was a proper subject of cross-examination:
[I]t is my position that I should be permitted to and I understand your Honor is directing me not to conduct such an examination, that I should be permitted to go into, with Dr. Schoenwald, the fact that this family would never have seen all the money that he is talking about because, of course, part of that money would have gone to the United States Government. It is assuming that there is no such thing as income tax, which is unreal.
The relevant portions of the charge are as follows:
I charge you that in assessing money damages to compensate for pecuniary loss that if you find such losses occurred as sustained by the widow and children of Richard Tenore you may take into account the inflationary trend and the lessening of the purchasing power of the dollar at this time.
* * *< * * * ^ *
Any award that you may make for plaintiff, if you do find plaintiff is entitled to a judgment, will not be subject to federal income taxes. Mr. Tenore’s earnings during his lifetime would, of course, have been subject to such taxes. Therefore, in making any award to plaintiff, you must consider the fact that plaintiff has not lost Mr. Tenore’s gross earnings before taxes but only his net earnnigs after taxes.
With respect to the measure of damages under our statute, the Court in Dubil v. Labate, 52 N. J. 255 (1968) observed:
The amount of the recovery under this standard is based on the contributions, reducible to monetary terms, which the decedent reasonably might have been expected to make to the survivors, and is not related to their needs. Id. at 259. See also McStay v. Przychocki, 7 N. J. 456, 460 (1951) ; Carter v. West Jersey & Seashore R. Co., 76 N. J. L. 602, 603 (E. & A. 1908).
The theory behind discounting a damage award to present value was expressed by Justice Pitney in Chesapeake & Ohio R. Co. v. Kelly, 241 U. S. 485, 36 S. Ct. 630, 60 L. Ed. 1117 (1916) :
So far as a verdict is based upon the deprivation of future benefits, it will afford more than compensation if it be made up by aggregating the benefits without taking account of the earning power of the money that is presently to be awarded. It is self-evident that a given sum of money in hand is worth more than the like sum of money payable in the future. Ordinarily a person seeking to recover damages for the wrongful act of another must do that which a reasonable man would do under the circumstances to limit the amount of the damages. [Id. at 489, 36 S. Ct. at 631].
In practice the reduction to present value is accomplished as follows:
The actuarial approach establishes the present value of destroyed earning capacity on the basis of calculations which assume that income lost during a base year would have been received over a period of years equal to the life (or work-life) expectancy of the person injured or deceased. This sum is then discounted to yield a capitalized value which would pay out (from both principal and interest) a fixed income over the specified number of years. [Pede & Hopkins, “Economics and Impaired Earning Capacity in Personal Injury Cases,” 44 Wash. L. Rev. 351, 353 (1969)].
See also O’Connor & Miller, “The Economist-Statistician: A Source of Expert Guidance in Determining Damages,” 48 Notre Dame Lawyer 354 (1972).
Illustrative of early recognition that inflation should be considered by the jury in assessing damages are the following views of Powers, J. in Halloran v. New England Telephone & Telegraph Co., 95 Vt. 273, 115 A. 143 (1921) in which the court affirmed a judgment for plaintiff based on instructions permitting the jury to consider the impaired purchasing power of the dollar:
The result sought by the law in assessing damages in such cases is compensation — so far as a money payment can — the ascertainment of such a sum as will compensate the plaintiff for the injury. Necessarily, damages are to be expressed in terms of money. And while money is the standard of value by which the worth of all other property is to be measured, and while, in theory, its value remains constant and unfluctuating, and while it must be admitted that really it is prices which rise and fall amid changing economic conditions, yet, after all, in a very real and practical sense money itself is a shifting standard, varying in value according to the changes in its purchasing power. As a medium of exchange, its value appreciates or depreciates according to the rise and fall in commodity prices. So it is that, at least so far as those elements of damages properly classed as pecuniary losses — like loss of time, loss of earning power, expenses and the like — are concerned, it is proper for the jury to take into consideration the fact, known to everybody, that the purchasing power of money is at present seriously impaired. And it is so held by the courts. [95 Vt. at 276, 115 A. at 144].
See also Spangler v. Helm’s New York-Pittsburgh Motor Exp., 396 Pa. 482, 153 A. 2d 490 (1959) in which the court sustained a verdict in excess of $46,000 in a wrongful death-survival action stating:
[T]he cost of everything is higher today than it was before the silver dollar began its Cape Canaveral ascent into the spiral spaces of inflation. [396 Pa. at 488, 153 A. 2d at 494 (Musmanno, J.)].
But see 2 Harper & James, The Daw of Torts, § 25.11 at 1325-26 (1956) where the authors suggest that expert testimony on the question of future loss may not provide “much real help.”
See, e. g., Sleeman v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry., 414 F. 2d 305, 308 (6 Cir. 1969) in which the court cautioned:
Nor do we encourage the trial courts of our circuit to explore such speculative influences on future damages as inflation or deflation.
See also 2 Harper & James, supra, § 25.11 at 1325-26 where the authors acknowledge that while the future value of money is a matter of speculation, ignoring the problem is also speculative:
Future trends in the value of money are necessarily unknown and so always render such damages speculative in a way we cannot escape. If the estimates represent a straight-line projection of present living costs, they will be frustrated by fluctuations either way. If «prophecy of change is heeded, frustration will follow if no change, or the opposite change, occurs. When courts have consciously grappled with the problems they have either found all prophecy too speculative and so, perforce, have taken the equally speculative course of betting on a continuance of the status quo; or they have made intuitive and not always very wise judgments that present conditions represent a departure from some imaginary norm to which they think we shall rapidly return, [footnotes omitted].
On defendant’s motion, the trial court in Resner reduced the jury verdict which was based on the cancelling effect of a 5% wage increase rate and a 5% discount rate. The reduction was based on the trial court’s belief that “ ‘as a matter of law * * * the question of inflation is speculative, conjectural, uncertain, and is an improper element of damages * * *.’ ” 161 Mont. at 181, 505 P. 2d at 88. On appeal the court specifically stated that the trial court was in error for granting the motion to reduce the verdict. Id. See also State v. Daley, 287 N. E. 2d 552 (Ind. Ct. of App. 1972) (economist projected a 5% annual wage increase in a wrongful death action against the state).
See also Resner, supra, where the court, in concluding that future wage increases_ must be considered in awarding damages,, observed:
To do otherwise is to ignore reality. Here, defendant would have this Court take the position of an ostrich with his head in the sand. Economic reality requires us to consider not only what the plaintiff is to receive in theory, but in fact. [Resner, supra, 505 P. 2d at 91).
See, e.g., Model Jury Charges — Civil, § 6.15 at 11 (1972) which provides:
You may also take into account the decrease in the purchasing power of the dollar that may occur, that is, the extent to which inflation will probably reduce the value of money. You may determine to what extent the purchasing power of the dollar will be reduced because of inflation and you should increase the total amount of your award for anticipated future financial losses in order to offset the extent by which inflation will reduce the value of the dollar in the future.
See Plourd, supra, 513 P. 2d at 1147 where the court observed:
Defendants in such a ease are free to disagree and to call witnesses to present computations of present value based upon different assumptions of future wage increases and discount interest rates, including what defendant refers to as “collateral consequences of inflation.” It is true, as contended by defendant, that “economists differ on their predictions.”
One of the most frequently cited cases for the opposite view is Sleeman v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry., 414 F. 2d 305 (6 Cir. 1969) in which the court remarked:
Of course, the nation’s economic history since the 1930’s would appear to make the use of present wages as the standard for loss of future earnings somewhat unfair to plaintiffs. But as to the future, the inflation versus deflation debate rages inconclusively at the highest policy levels of our government, in national electoral campaigns, in learned economic journals and is exemplified in the daily gyrations of the stock markets. The debate seems unlikely to be resolved satisfactorily in one personal injury trial. And if testimonial resolution of this factor bearing on the future is attempted, the door is opened to similarly speculative and debatable offsets tending in other directions. [414 F. 2d at 308],
Sleeman’s precedential value on this point, however, is somewhat diminished by the fact that in holding that the district court was in error for failing to discount the plaintiff’s judgment to present value on the ground “that inflationary trends would offset” any such reduction, the Sixth Circuit noted that the record provided no evidentiary basis for the trial court’s decision on the question. Id. at 307. See also Hoffman v. Sterling Drug, Inc., 485 F. 2d 132 (3 Cir. 1973) ; Magill v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., 464 F. 2d 294 (3 Cir. 1972).
See Note, 4 Loyola U. L. J. 359, 360 (1973) where the author observes that “[a] 3% increase in the cost of living per year for 20 years, would shrink a $100,000.00 award down to $54,000.00 in value.”
In. Kev. Code of 1954, § 104 provides in part:
(a) * * * [dross income does not include —
(2) the amount of any damages received (whether by suit or agreement) on account of personal injuries or sickness.
Treas. Keg.; § 1.104-1 (c) (1960) provides:
(c) Damages received on account of personal injuries or sickness. Section 104(a) (2) excludes from gross income the amount of any damages received (whether by suit or agreement) on account of personal injuries or sickness. The term “damages received (whether by suit or agreement)” means an amount received (other than workmen’s compensation) through prosecution of legal suit or action based upon tort or tort type rights, or through a settlement agreement entered into in lieu of such prosecution.
See also Anderson v. United Air Lines, 183 F. Supp. 97 (S. D. Cal. 1960) in which the court held that the provision is applicable in wrongful death cases.
In a broader context the authors of 2 Hwper & James, The Law of Torts, § 25.12 at 1326 (1956) observe that:
The argument for computing damages on estimated income after taxes is a clear one: this will measure the actual loss. If plaintiff gets, in tax free damages, an amount on which he would have had to pay taxes if he had gotten it as wages, the plaintiff is getting more than he lost.
See Nordstrom, supra at 220, where the author identifies a third argument, i.e., that
[t]he impact of federal taxes is a matter between the plaintiff and the taxing authorities. The defendant has no interest in whether or not a tax is levied.
See also Note, 51 Golum. L. Rev. 782, 783 (1951).
In Huddell v. Levin, 395 F. Supp. 64 (D. N. J. 1975), the court recently advanced an additional argument against considering the impact of income taxes in this context, e.g., that plaintiff, not defendant is entitled to the “Congressional largesse” which the statutory exclusion represents. 395 F. Supp. at 87. In the court’s view this result is supported by analogy to the so-called “collateral source rule” whereby a tort-feasor is not entitled to reduce damages by resorting to benefits the victim receives from another. See Patusco v. Prince Macaroni, Inc., 50 N. J. 365, 368 (1967).
Two of the requests focused on the issue of the relationship between plaintiff’s damages and the income tax liability on his future earnings:
If you arrive at a verdict under the Court’s charge in favor of plaintiff, you will not add any sum of money to the amount of the verdict on account of federal or state income taxes, since the amount awarded to the plaintiff by your verdict is not taxable income to the plaintiff within the meaning of these tax laws.
If your verdict is in favor of plaintiff, you must calculate any past or future loss of earnings on the basis of his net income after deduction of income taxes. [282 F. 2d at 35].
The commentators point out that these two aspects of the problem are often confused by the courts. See, e.g., Nordstrom, supra at 231— 32. The second consideration, that is charging the jury that an award is tax-exempt, usually arises once it has been determined that gross income is the proper measure of damages to prevent the jury from mistakenly assuming that the award is taxable and adding to the verdict to compensate for plaintiff’s imagined tax liability. See 2 Harper & James, The Law of Torts, § 25.12 at 1327-28 (1956). But see Domeracki v. Humble Oil & Refining Co., 443 F. 2d 1245, 1251 (3 Cir. 1971), cert. den. 404 U. S. 883, 92 S. Ct. 212, 30 L. Ed. 2d 165 (1971), where the court clearly identified both issues, holding that:
[I]n personal injuries actions the trial courts in this Circuit must, in the future, upon request by counsel, instruct the jury that any award will not be subject to federal income taxes and that the jury should not, therefore, add or subtract taxes in fixing the amount of any award.
See 282 F. 2d at 36 where the court observes:
* O' * [T]he jury must determine not what McWeeney’s tax on $4,800 now is but what it would be over his expectancy. In these lower brackets the amount of the tax and its percentage relation to earnings are enormously affected by the number of exemptions. The simple act of matrimony, coupled with the filing of a joint return, would reduce McWeeney’s tax from $773 to $620. Is the jury to consider the likelihood of this not unusual occurrence? If the lady brought two children with her, or if these were produced in the ordinary way, the tax would be cut in half, to $380. Each additional child would bring a further tax saving of $110, so that a total of five would make the tax nominal. While such fecundity might be unlikely in a plaintiff of 39 the rule here framed for McWeeney must apply to men who evidence greater interest in marriage and parenthood, and the rise in the birth rate is a phenomenon of our age. [footnote omitted].
See also Montellier v. United States, 315 F. 2d 180, 186 (2 Cir. 1963) in which the McWeeney approach was applied in a wrongful death action brought pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act and tried to the court.
Under the Federal Tort Claims Act, damages are determined by the law of the state where the tortious act was committed. 28 U. S. C. A. 1346(b). See also Hatahley v. United States, 351 U. S. 173, 76 S. Ct. 745, 100 L. Ed. 1065 (1956).
This distinction has also been noted by the commentators. In an introduction to a symposium on damages for personal injuries, Charles Alan Wright observed:
The hard fact — inevitable in a subject which grew first carelessly and then explosively — is that a number of the existing rules cannot be justified in theory. For example, I think a good argument can be made for ignoring income tax in computing damages in a suit for personal injuries, but that it is completely unsound to use earnnigs before tax as a measure in a death action. Authoritative doctrine, to date, has made no distinction between the two kinds of suits. [Wright, “Damages for Personal Injuries — Foreword,” 19 Ohio State L. J. 155, 157 (1958).
In Cox v. Northwest Airlines, 379 F. 2d 893, 896 (7 Cir. 1967), cert. den. 389 U. S. 1044, 88 S. Ct. 788, 19 L. Ed. 2d 836 (1968), the court adopted an intermediate approach to the problem by holding that effective in 1979 the deceased’s salary reached the level at which the
impact of income tax has a significant and substantial effect in the computation of probable future contributions and may not be ignored.
See also Hartz v. United States, 415 F. 2d 259, 264 (5 Cir. 1969), where the court concluded that it was permissible for the trial court to consider the impact of income taxes “ ‘although it might not have erred if it had refused to do so.’ ” [quoting Furumizo v. United States, 381 F. 2d 965, 971 (9 Cir. 1967)].
See also 2 Harper & James, The Lato of Torts, § 25.12 at 1827 (1956), where the authors, with specific reference to taxes, point out:
As long as our system stays wedded to the single lump sum recovery, our courts simply have to speculate about the uncertainties of the future. With anything as sure as “death and taxes,” the courts are avoiding their responsibilities when they decline to make the best guess they can, once all the reasonably available evidence has been brought before them.
The decision wc announce today is, of course, limited to recovery under our wrongful death act. Accordingly we find it unnecessary to comment upon Scalise v. Central R. R., 129 N. J. Super. 303, 306-07 (App. Div. 1974) which the Appellate Division recently considered the propriety of instructing the jury in a personal injury action that an award would not be subjected to federal income taxation. See also Stopford v. Boonton Molding Co., 56 N. J. 169 (1970) (anticipatory breach of an employment contract entitling plaintiff to a lifetime pension).
For purposes of the present case it is unnecessary for us to consider whether any additional deductions should be considered in computing pecuniary loss in wrongful death cases. We do note, however, that as the relative magnitude of other deductions from deceased’s income decreases, thereby reducing the possibility of unfairness, the countervailing consideration of judicial economy becomes more compelling. For present purposes, however, we have no occasion to decide at what point the latter factor warrants the exclusion of other evidence of deductions from the deceased’s income.
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In addition, on the day the diet was initiated, diabetes medications were reduced – generally, insulin doses were halved, and sulfonylurea doses were halved or discontinued. Due to the possible diuretic effects of the diet soon after initiation, diuretic medications were discontinued if of low dosage (up to 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide or 20 mg of furosemide) or halved if of higher dosage. Participants were also instructed to take a standard multivitamin and drink 6–8 glasses of water daily, and were encouraged to exercise aerobically for 30 minutes at least three times per week.
What the diet advocate says: ‘FODMAPS are either absorbed slowly from the small intestine or not absorbed at all,’ says Dr Gibson, a professor of gastroenterology at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and the brains behind the low-FODMAP diet. ‘When the FODMAPs move into the bowel, where they are fermented by bacteria, this produces gas and can also cause water to move into the bowel. This stretches the bowel wall, which stimulates the gut.’
Ketoacidosis (KA) is a life-threatening condition in which your body doesn’t make enough insulin. This causes you to have dangerously high levels of ketones (substances occurring when the body uses fat stores for energy) and blood sugar. The combination of both makes your blood incredibly acidic, and this can, in turn, change the normal functioning of your internal organs such as your liver and kidneys. Patients suffering from ketoacidosis must get treatment immediately or they could slip into a coma and even die.
But beyond that, experts aren't convinced that the keto diet has any other scientifically-proven health benefits. In fact, it may have some distinct downsides. If you follow the keto diet incorrectly, for example (like by eating lots of saturated fats, versus healthy unsaturated fats), you're at risk of raising your cholesterol levels. “The best strategy to keep your heart healthy is to get as much fat as possible from unsaturated sources such as olive, avocado and canola oils, nuts, seeds, avocados, and olives," says Ansel.
Also, as I believe is mentioned, this diet has been around for along time and was the only way to treat diabetes. And some people did die. However, people still end up dead from t2d even after all the diet advice from educators and with all that pharmacy has to offer. An industry which gains nothing if people just choose to eat less. But has lots to gain if we just keep taking the tablets.
The modified Atkins diet reduces seizure frequency by more than 50% in 43% of patients who try it and by more than 90% in 27% of patients.[3] Few adverse effects have been reported, though cholesterol is increased and the diet has not been studied long term.[47] Although based on a smaller data set (126 adults and children from 11 studies over five centres), these results from 2009 compare favourably with the traditional ketogenic diet.[3]
Here’s what we do know: The keto diet may be useful in treating symptoms of epilepsy, a seizure disorder. “The use of keto in treating epilepsy has the most evidence,” Angelone says. One study conducted by Johns Hopkins Medicine, for example, followed epileptic patients on the keto diet and found that 36 percent of them had a 50 percent reduction in seizures after three months on the diet, and 16 percent were seizure-free. However, experts aren't entirely sure why the keto diet has this affect, she adds.
Christian Wolfrum, one of the corresponding authors on the paper said 'Diabetes is one of the biggest health issues we face. Although ketogenic diets are known to be healthy, our findings indicate that there may be an increased risk of insulin resistance with this type of diet that may lead to Type 2 diabetes. The next step is to try to identify the mechanism for this effect and to address whether this is a physiological adaptation. Our hypothesis is that when fatty acids are metabolized, their products might have important signaling roles to play in the brain.'
Both groups experienced no notable adverse effects in their health. In the 29 subjects who successfully completed the calorie-restricted diet, researchers observed an average 16% reduction in fasting glucose, 2.7 reduction in BMI, and loss of 6.9 kg of bodyweight. [9] However, in the 21 subjects that successfully completed the very-low carbohydrate ketogenic diet, subjects experienced an average 19.9% reduction in fasting glucose, 3.9 decrease in BMI, and loss of 11.1 kg of bodyweight. [9]
One downside to a ketogenic diet for weight loss is the difficulty maintaining it. “Studies show that weight loss results from being on a low-carb diet for more than 12 months tend to be the same as being on a normal, healthy diet,” says Mattinson. While you may be eating more satiating fats (like peanut butter, regular butter, or avocado), you’re also way more limited in what’s allowed on the diet, which can make everyday situations, like eating dinner with family or going out with friends, far more difficult. Because people often find it tough to sustain, it’s easy to rely on it as a short-term diet rather than a long-term lifestyle.
× | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Tell Me What You Dream
"Tell Me What You Dream" is a song written by Timothy B. Schmit, Josh Leo and Vince Melamed. While first performed on Schmit's solo album Playin' It Cool, its most well-known version was performed by country group Restless Heart along with saxophonist Warren Hill. The single was the group's only number one on the adult contemporary chart, spending two weeks on top, and despite previous country chart success, the song did not make the country top 40. "Tell Me What You Dream" narrowly missed the Top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number forty-three.
Music video
The music video was directed by Daniela Federici and premiered in early 1993. | WIKI |
Mental Health in People Who Experience Mental Disorders
Mental health is an essential aspect of a person's well-being. It affects how they think, feel, and behave, and it impacts their overall quality of life. Unfortunately, many people who experience mental disorders struggle with maintaining good mental health. These disorders can include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and more. In this article, we will explore mental health in people who experience mental disorders, including its importance, challenges, and ways to improve it.
Mental Health In People Who Experience Mental Disorders
Why Mental Health is Important for People with Mental Disorders
Mental health is crucial for people with mental disorders as it can contribute to their overall recovery and well-being. When someone experiences a mental disorder, it can affect their mood, thinking, and behavior. This can lead to a variety of challenges, including difficulty in managing daily life, relationship problems, and more. By focusing on their mental health, people with mental disorders can improve their ability to cope with their symptoms and live a fulfilling life.
Challenges in Maintaining Good Mental Health for People with Mental Disorders
People who experience mental disorders may face unique challenges when it comes to maintaining good mental health. Some of these challenges include:
• Stigma and discrimination
• Lack of access to mental health services
• Financial difficulties
• Side effects of medication
• Difficulty in socializing
Ways to Improve Mental Health in People with Mental Disorders
There are several ways people with mental disorders can improve their mental health:
1. Seeking professional help: Engage with a mental health professional to receive treatment and advice.
2. Practicing self-care: Incorporate activities such as exercise, meditation, and relaxation techniques into daily life.
3. Building a support network: Connect with family, friends, and support groups to create a supportive environment.
4. Managing stress: Identify stress triggers and develop coping mechanisms to manage stress effectively.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Focusing on Mental Health in People with Mental Disorders
Advantages
• Improved quality of life
• Better management of symptoms
• Increased self-esteem and confidence
• Better relationships with others
Disadvantages
• Expensive mental health services
• Stigma and discrimination from others
• Reluctance to seek help
• Side effects of medication and treatment
Conclusion
Focusing on mental health is crucial for people who experience mental disorders. It can lead to better management of symptoms, improved quality of life, and increased self-esteem. However, people with mental disorders may face unique challenges in maintaining good mental health, including stigma, lack of access to mental health services, and financial difficulties. By seeking professional help, practicing self-care, building a support network, and managing stress, people with mental disorders can improve their mental health and live a fulfilling life.
FAQ
What is the difference between mental health and mental illness?
Mental health refers to a person's overall well-being, including their emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Mental illness, on the other hand, refers to a wide range of mental health conditions that affect a person's mood, thinking, and behavior.
Can mental health disorders be cured?
There is no cure for mental health disorders, but they can be treated and managed with the help of mental health professionals, medication, and therapy.
What are some signs of poor mental health?
Some signs of poor mental health include feeling sad or anxious, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, difficulty in concentrating, and withdrawing from social activities.
How can I support someone with a mental health disorder?
You can support someone with a mental health disorder by listening to them, offering reassurance and encouragement, and helping them access mental health services. It's also important to avoid stigmatizing or judging them. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nicotine / Cotinine 200
Nicotine / Cotinine 200
Cotinine is the first-stage metabolite of nicotine, a toxic alkaloid that produces stimulation of the autonomic ganglia and central nervous system when in humans. Nicotine is a drug to which virtually every member of a tobacco-smoking society is exposed whether through direct contact or second-hand inhalation. In addition to tobacco, nicotine is also commercially available as the active ingredient in smoking replacement therapies such as nicotine gum, transdermal patches and nasal sprays. In a 24-hour urine, approximately 5% of a nicotine dose is excreted as unchanged drug with 10% as Cotinine and 35% as hydroxycotinine; the concentrations of other metabolites are believed to account for less than 5%. While Cotinine is thought to be an inactive metabolite, it’s elimination profile is more stable than that of nicotine which is largely urine pH dependent. As a result, Cotinine is considered a good biological marker for determining nicotine use. The plasma half-life of nicotine is approximately 60 minutes following inhalation or parenteral administration. Nicotine and Cotinine are rapidly eliminated by the kidney; the window of detection for Cotinine in urine at a cutoff level of 200 ng/mL is expected to be up to 2-3 days after nicotine use. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Jan 12
Lavender Fights Depression and Insomnia
The use of lavender has been recorded for more than 2,500 years. Egyptians, Phoenicians and the people of Arabia used lavender as a perfume — and also for mummification, by wrapping the dead in lavender-dipped shrouds. In ancient Greece, lavender was called “nardus,” “nard,” or “spikenard” (named for the Syrian city of Naarda) and was used as a cure for everything from insomnia and aching backs to insanity. Lavender oil is extracted primarily from the flowers of the plant through steam distillation. Lavender is known to be one of the best essential oils for sleep and one of the best essential oils for depression. lavender 11111
Depression may be described as feeling sad, blue, unhappy, miserable, or down in the dumps. Most of us feel this way at one time or another for short periods. However, people with a depressive disorder find they have trouble doing normal day-to-day activities. Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. It affects how you feel, think and behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems. Depression may make you feel as if life isn’t worth living.
There are several types of Depression:
Major depression, major depressive disorder or clinical depression – combination of symptoms that interfere with sleep, work, eating, study and enjoying activities
Dysthymic disorder – mild symptoms for long periods of time
Psychotic depression – severe depressive illness includes hallucinations and withdrawing from reality
Postpartum depression – major depressive episode which develops within weeks of giving birth
SAD (seasonal affective disorder) – a depressive illness that happens during the winter months
Bipolar disorder – experiences moments of extreme highs and extreme lows
Each year depression affects 5-8 percent of adults in the United States. This means that about 25 million Americans will have an episode of major depression this year alone. All age groups and all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups can experience depression.
Insomnia is a persistent disorder that can make it hard to fall asleep, hard to stay asleep or both, despite the opportunity for adequate sleep. With insomnia, you usually awaken feeling unrefreshed, which takes a toll on your ability to function during the day. Insomnia can sap not only your energy level and mood but also your health, work performance and quality of life.
The purpose of a recent study was to explore the effects of lavender aromatherapy on depression and insomnia. Forty-two women college students who complained of insomnia were studied during a four-week protocol. Results of the study indicated that lavender did have a beneficial effect on depression and insomnia.
It’s a definite – lavender essential oil is good for uplifting your mood so be gone depression and isn’t it wonderful to get some sleep!
Study Link | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Skip to main content
University of Miami
South Florida
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
African American, Latino
Project
Patients receive diabetes medication at their doctor’s office, utilizing an automated medication delivery system.
An automated medication-delivery system allows physicians to fulfill prescriptions for diabetes, blood pressure or cholesterol medicines at the time of the clinic visit. Based on prescriptions entered into electronic medical records, a controlled-access storage cabinet in the clinic office automatically dispenses pre-packaged medications, which are delivered to the patient during their appointment. A four-step quality control protocol, including color-coded labels, ensures that the correct patient receives the proper medication. Containers are labeled with the patient’s name, and patients are provided with a printed summary of the prescription, including instructions and a picture of the pills themselves. The summary can be provided in English or Spanish.
Rationale
Medication adherence is a key component in diabetes management, but many patients fall short of adherence targets. This point of care medication delivery system helps overcome various barriers to obtaining medications and maintaining medication adherence. These barriers include difficulties in the patient’s environment such as transportation to the pharmacy, neighborhood safety, or time constraints. By changing the place where a patient receives his medication (from pharmacy to clinic), this intervention restructures the way a patient receives care.
The medication delivery system links the clinical encounter to the medication-filling process, which has the potential to make adherence issues a central part of the physician-patient interaction. Physicians may gain a deeper understanding of the challenges of the prescribed regimen, and patient barriers to adherence. Patients, in turn, may be able to learn more about the regimen and discuss concerns about the medication during the clinic visit itself. The link between the automated medication-delivery system and the patient’s electronic medical record gives physicians better information about that patient’s adherence.
Summary Results
An automated medication-delivery system did not significantly improve patient outcome measures (LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, and blood pressure) but did significantly increase the proportion of patients with access to medication. The Medication Possession Ratio (access to medication at least 80% of the time) increased 15% for diabetes, 26% for cholesterol, and 32% for blood pressure medications. Continuous medication possession over time increased by 21% for diabetes, 28% for cholesterol, and 21% for blood pressure medications.
Publications
Can Physicians Deliver Chronic Medications at the Point of Care?
American Journal of Medical Quality. 2015.
Full Article (subscription may be required)
Principal Investigators
• Ana M. Palacio, MD, MPH (Assistant Professor, University of Miami)
• Olveen Carrasquillo, MD, MPH (Chief, Division of General Medicine, University of Miami) | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
How do you draw a velocity triangle for turbines?
How do you draw a velocity triangle for turbines?
The vertical component is named as flow velocity at the inlet VF. 1 the same thing in the outlet side of the vane is called outlet triangle. And all the terms are given with a suffix. 2.
What are the 3 components of the velocity triangle?
The vector nature of velocity is utilized in the triangles, and the most basic form of a velocity triangle consists of the tangential velocity, the absolute velocity and the relative velocity of the fluid making up three sides of the triangle.
What is the purpose of a velocity triangle?
Velocity triangles are typically used to relate the flow properties and blade design parameters in the relative frame (rotating with the moving blades), to the properties in the stationary or absolute frame.
What is flow velocity in turbine?
The relative velocity w corresponds to the velocity of the flow as compared to the turning rotor. The direction of w corresponds to the tangent of the blade curvature (angles β1/β2) at the observed location. The circumferential velocity u refers to the rotor. It is the same at the rotor inlet and the rotor outlet.
How do you draw a velocity turbine diagram?
How to draw velocity diagram (Part 1) – de Laval Impulse steam turbine
How do you find the velocity of a triangle?
Velocity Triangle Calculation in Turbines. – YouTube
How do you draw a velocity diagram?
How to draw velocity diagram using relative velocity method – YouTube
What is the axial velocity?
Axial velocity means the velocity in x direction in axisymmetric problems. So when your solver is not axisymmetric, axial velocity is meaningless (but sometimes has meaning!).
How do you draw a velocity triangle for a centrifugal pump?
Velocity Triangle of Centrifugal pump – YouTube
Which is the axial component of velocity in velocity triangles for steam turbine?
One Vw2 which is tangential component and another is Vf2 which is axial component. Vw2 is the velocity component of whirl to exit and it is the actual component for which steam leaving from the moving blades. Vf2 is flow component and it is responsible for velocity of flow of steam to exit.
What is absolute velocity in velocity triangle?
The concept of absolute velocity is mainly used in turbomachinery design and defines the velocity of a fluid particle in relation to the surrounding, stationary environment. Together with the relative velocity (w) and the circumferential speed (u), it forms the velocity triangle.
What is velocity analysis?
Velocity analysis. • To determine the velocities of different points. on links of a mechanism for a given input. motion. Determination of the motion.
What is an axial flow turbine?
Axial flow turbines, or horizontal axis turbines, closely resemble typical horizontal axis wind turbines. The rotors of axial flow turbines, with blades at one end, are installed on a vertical beam fixed on the seabed. As the current flow turns the blades, the turbine starts to spin and generate electrical energy.
What is meant by axial flow?
Definition of axial-flow
: having the fluid or gas flowing parallel to the axis axial-flow turbine axial-flow pump — compare radial-flow.
What are the unit of velocity?
Therefore, velocity is expressed in metres/second or m/s. The SI unit of velocity is metre per second (m/s). Alternatively, the velocity magnitude can also be expressed in centimetres per second (cm/s).
What are the methods of velocity analysis?
velocity analysis (IC,GRAPHICAL AND RELATIVE VELOCITY METHOD) 2. 2 Velocity Analysis of Linkages Velocities and accelerations in mechanisms are determined by different methods. i.
What is velocity image?
1. n. [Production Logging] A two-dimensional display, using colors or different gray scales, of the bubble velocity around the borehole against depth.
What are the types of axial flow turbine?
Accordingly, axial flow turbines can be divided into two general categories: Impulse turbines and reaction turbines. In the impulse turbine, the entire enthalpy drop takes place between the nozzles; therefore, the flow velocity entering the rotor is very high.
What are the example of axial flow reaction turbine?
Axial flow turbine: The flow of water is in the direction parallel to the axis of the shaft. Example: Kaplan turbine and propeller turbine.
What is a axial flow turbine?
Where are axial turbines used?
Where Are Axial Turbines Used? In thermal power plants, they are employed for the production of energy. The turbine directs the steam to the multistage spinning blades that power the electric generator. These power stations run on coal, natural gas, fossil fuels, or nuclear energy.
What is called velocity?
Velocity is the directional speed of a object in motion as an indication of its rate of change in position as observed from a particular frame of reference and as measured by a particular standard of time (e.g. 60 km/h northbound).
What is the symbol of velocity?
v
Velocity Units
Unit of velocity
Common symbols v, v, v →
SI unit m/s
Other units mph, ft/s
Dimension LT−1
What is absolute velocity?
What is the unit of the velocity?
meter per second
Velocity is a vector expression of the displacement that an object or particle undergoes with respect to time . The standard unit of velocity magnitude (also known as speed ) is the meter per second (m/s). Alternatively, the centimeter per second (cm/s) can be used to express velocity magnitude.
Related Post | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Evidence for the involvement of dynamin and other GTPases in the trafficking of the choline cotransporter
Gerard McShepard, Tennessee State University
Abstract
The sodium-dependent, high affinity, hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) sensitive choline transporter (ChCoT) supplies choline for acetylcholine synthesis and is rate liming to cholinergic function (Birks and MacIntosh, 1961). This transporter has an obligation to cotransport sodium. Thus the mechanisms which regulate it are of great interest. The endocytosis of the ChCoT has been shown to be both dynamin (Ferguson & Blakely, 2004) and clathrin dependent (Riberio et. al., 2003). In studies reported herein, we used transient permeabilization of Limulus brain hemi-slices to assess first the GTPase requirements for ChCoT trafficking. Hemi-slices were treated with 100ng/ml streptolysin-O (SLO) in calcium free buffered Limulus saline. Tissues were resealed and washed in Chao’s for 60 min. Hemi-slices were assessed for surface integrity by measuring [3H]choline (Ch) uptake and [3H]HC-3 binding. Uptake and binding were unaltered. Transiently permeabilized hemi-slices were treated with the non hydrolysable GTP analog, 5’-Guanylylimido-phosphate (GPP), and either [3H]Ch uptake or [3H]HC-3 binding was determined. GPP caused a dose dependent increased [3H]Ch uptake which reached a maximum of 70% at 100 μM, GPP. A similar result was observed for [3H]HC-3 binding. Additionally, the antecedent exposure to 120 mM KCl in Chao’s combined with 100 μm GPP resulted in an additive increased uptake of approximately 173% suggesting two separate up-regulation mechanisms. Secondly, we determined the role of the large GTPase, dynamin, in ChCoT trafficking. SLO transiently permeabilized brain hemi-slices were treated with a dynamin antibody and high affinity choline uptake was determined. The dynamin antibody caused a dose dependent increase in [3H]Ch uptake, with a maximal increase of 56% at an antibody concentration of 0.1μg/ml. Exposure to the dynamin antibody in combination with 100 μM GPP resulted in a 70% increase in choline uptake, a value previously observed with 100 μM GPP alone. Thus, the maximum effect of the dynamin antibody was approximately 80% of that achieved for total GTPases. We conclude that dynamin is the principal GTPase involved in the retrieval of the ChCoT from the membrane. However, other GTPases are involved also. Further studies are needed to determine which specific GTPases, in addition to dynamin, are involved in this retrieval mechanism.
Subject Area
Molecular biology|Neurosciences|Physiology
Recommended Citation
Gerard McShepard, "Evidence for the involvement of dynamin and other GTPases in the trafficking of the choline cotransporter" (2009). ETD Collection for Tennessee State University. Paper AAI3356243.
https://digitalscholarship.tnstate.edu/dissertations/AAI3356243
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Kjetil Watnedal Kjetil Watnedal - 2 months ago 22x
TypeScript Question
Angular 2 unit testing component, mocking ContentChildren
I am implementing a wizard component in Angular 2 RC4, and now I am trying to write som unit tests. Unit testing in Angular 2 is starting to get well documented, but I simply cannot find out how to mock the result of a content query in the component.
The app has 2 components (in addition to the app component), WizardComponent and WizardStepComponent. The app component (app.ts) defines the wizard and the steps in its template:
<div>
<fa-wizard>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="First step">step 1 content</fa-wizard-step>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="Second step">step 2 content</fa-wizard-step>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="Third step">step 3 content</fa-wizard-step>
</fa-wizard>
</div>
The WizardComponent (wizard-component.ts) gets a reference to the steps by using a ContentChildren query.
@Component({
selector: 'fa-wizard',
template: `<div *ngFor="let step of steps">
<ng-content></ng-content>
</div>
<div><button (click)="cycleSteps()">Cycle steps</button></div>`
})
export class WizardComponent implements AfterContentInit {
@ContentChildren(WizardStepComponent) steps: QueryList<WizardStepComponent>;
....
}
The problem is how to mock the steps variable in the unit test:
describe('Wizard component', () => {
it('should set first step active on init', async(inject([TestComponentBuilder], (tcb: TestComponentBuilder) => {
return tcb
.createAsync(WizardComponent)
.then( (fixture) =>{
let nativeElement = fixture.nativeElement;
let testComponent: WizardComponent = fixture.componentInstance;
//how to initialize testComponent.steps with mock data?
fixture.detectChanges();
expect(fixture.componentInstance.steps[0].active).toBe(true);
});
})));
});
I have created a plunker implementing a very simple wizard demonstrating the problem. The wizard-component.spec.ts file contains the unit test.
If anyone can point me in the right direction, I would greatly appreciate it.
Answer
Thanks to drewmoore's answer in this question, I have been able to get this working.
The key is to create a wrapper component for testing, which specifies the wizard and the wizard steps in it's template. Angular will then do the content query for you and populate the variable.
Edit: Implementation is for angular 2 rc4
My full test implementation looks like this:
import { beforeEachProviders, describe, inject, async, it } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { TestComponentBuilder } from '@angular/compiler/testing';
import { WizardComponent } from './wizard.directive';
import { WizardStepComponent } from './wizard-step.directive';
import { Component, provide, Output, EventEmitter, QueryList } from '@angular/core';
//We need to wrap the WizardComponent in this component when testing, to have the wizard steps initialized
@Component({
selector: 'test-cmp',
template: `<fa-wizard>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="step1"></fa-wizard-step>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="step2"></fa-wizard-step>
<fa-wizard-step stepTitle="step3"></fa-wizard-step>
</fa-wizard>`,
directives: [ WizardComponent, WizardStepComponent ]
})
class TestWrapperComponent {
}
describe('Wizard component', () => {
it('should set first step active on init', async(inject([TestComponentBuilder], (tcb: TestComponentBuilder) => {
return tcb
.createAsync(TestWrapperComponent)
.then( (fixture) =>{
//get a reference to the component we actually want to test
let wizardComponentInstance: WizardComponent = <WizardComponent>fixture.debugElement.children[ 0 ].componentInstance;
fixture.detectChanges();
expect(wizardComponentInstance.steps[0].active).toBe(true);
expect(wizardComponentInstance.steps.length).toBe(3);
});
})));
});
If you have better/other solutions, you are very welcome to add you answer as well. I'll leave the question open for some time.
Comments | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Notes and Queries - Series 10 - Volume 5.djvu/569
ios.v.JrxEi6,i906.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
469
Cyclades, comes from St. Irene, who was martyred here. Further information about this St Irene is desired.
W. A. HENDERSON. Dublin.
KING JOHN'S BAGGAGE LOST CROSSING THE WASH. A writer in The Globe of 25 April says that the person in whose custody the baggage was at the time of the loss was a knight of the name of Mildemay. Can this statement be verified] Nothing like it can be found in any of the histories of King John that have been examined.
H. A. ST. J. M.
PERCIVAL GUNSTON, OF THORPE ON-TEES. I have seen it stated that in 14 Elizabeth (1571) a Percival Gunston (or Gunson) had a grant made him from the Crown of the free chapel at Thorpe-on-Tees. called St. Tilde's Chapel, with a garden and two rods of land. Can any one give me the authority for the statement? H. D. PRITCHETT.
8, West Terrace, Darlington.
CATHERINE : KATHARINE : KATHERINE. With reference to Catherine Maria Fan- shawe's epistle (in verse) to Earl Harcourt, on his wishing her to spell the name of Cathe- rine with a K (1801), I should be glad of a full list of the famous and notorious Cathe- rines and Katharines in history or fiction. I have noticed that almost invariably Cathe- rine is called Catherm, and Katharine, Katha- rine. The K seems to give the word a 44 haughty" or harsh and determined sig- nification. Please reply direct.
JAS. CURTIS, F.S.A. Glenburn, Worcester Road, Sutton.
SOCIETY LADIES. Would any of your readers kindly tell me the name of a paper which was published between twelve and fifteen years ago and had short articles on various ladies in society amongst others, the Dowager Lady Stanley of Alderley, Mrs. Vyner, and myself ? I think the paper only lasted one season.
I should like to get copies of those three numbers, if any one has them and would sell them to me.
(Hon. Mrs.) GERALDINE F. HALFORD.
50, Prince's Gate, S.W.
KEENE OR KYME FAMILY. Is anything known of the Keene or Kyme family of Wellhall, in Eltham, Kent? William Keene was second husband to Agnes Chichele, grand-niece of Archbishop Chichele ; their son was Sir George Keene, alias Kyme, whose daughter Edith married Jenkin Mansel, of Oxwich, in Glamorganshire. The
Brigstocke family are supposed to be of founder's kin (see ante, p. 286), and thereby entitled to a preference for Fellowships at All Souls College, through the marriage of Mary Mansel, great-great-granddaughter of Jenkin and Edith Mansel, with David Lloyd, Esq., of Glyn, in Carmarthenshire, whose descendant in the fifth degree, Mary Lloyd, married in 1739 William Brigstocke, Esq., J.P., of Blaenpant, in Cardiganshire, and High Sheriff in 1735. G. R. B.
' ' RIME" v. " RHYME." May I ask the authority for the new spelling of this word in 4 N. & Q.'? I see in the erudite dic- tionaries of the present age that rime is nearer the O. Eng. and the A.-S. But if our current English is to be thus judged, con- demned, and executed, we shall have lost our mother-tongue, and may pass sadly to the shades. SENEX.
[The spelling rime is not new, but old. Prof- Skeat points out in his 'Dictionary' (1888) that "it is, I believe, utterly impossible to find an instance of the spelling rhyme before A.D. 1550; perhaps not so soon." The First Folio of Shake- speare has the spelling rime in several places, and this form is also used by Coleridge in ' The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.']
THOMAS PHELPES, 1679. Is anything known regarding the ancestry of a Thomas Phelpes, of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Middle- sex, whose will is dated 30 June, 1655, and proved 1679 ? He had issue Thomas, William, John, Robert, Ellen, and Elizabeth, and mentions his brother-in-law Thomas Turner. WM. JACKSON PIGOTT.
Manor House, Dundrum, co. Down.
FLAGS. I shall be glad of references to any authoritative information on flags and their use, particularly with respect to Irish and Scotch flags. Although Irish and Scotch flags (so called) are continually in use, I am told they do not (legally) exist. Are any official orders in existence to regulate the use of flags? H. T. C.
[The shield of Ireland is the harp on the light- blue ground, and this is often flown as a flag. But the Scottish flag, unlike the Irish, has official recognition, and may be noticed on the top of the Scotch Office on any public holiday.]
GORDON : THE NAME IN RUSSIA. The use of the name Gordon by Jews in Russia has been the subject of much discussion. It is said to have been so used for a hundred years. On 7 March, 1796, a private Act of Parliament (36 Geo. III. No. 69) was passed
* or naturalizing "Maria Gordan, otherwise
Allan, spinster, born at Petersburgh in Russia." The Act is to be found in MS only | WIKI |
A Brief History of Early Philadelphia
Philadelphia is famous for three things: The Liberty Bell, the Declaration of Independence, and Philly cheesesteaks. The state has a long rich history dated back in 1861 when King Charles II gave a large piece of his land to William Penn to repay a debt the king had with Penn’s father, Admiral Sir William Penn.
In 1682, Penn traveled to the land given by King Charles II and founded the present-day Pennsylvania and Delaware. He then sailed up the river and founded Philadelphia who was then occupied by the local Lenape people. Penn, known his advocacy on democracy and religious freedom, built an alliance with Lenape or Delaware nation. He envisioned a city with no walls, and people regardless of their religion and beliefs can co-exist peacefully. It’s been said that this was the reason why Philadelphia was named what it is called today as it means “brotherly love” in Greek. It showed Penn’s sincere treaty of friendship to the Lenape Chief. He planned out the streets to have grids for easy navigation, the first in the U.S. city to be so arranged, and named after numbers and tree names.
Unfortunately, despite his desire to live peacefully in the area, Penn’s arrival was not favored by the Swedish and Dutch colonists. The Dutch, English, and Swedish settlers, having no allegiance with Delaware and Lenape tribe even before Penn arrived, petitioned to have their own assembly. They achieved their goal in 1704 when the three southernmost counties of Pennsylvania split and became Lower Delaware Colony.
From 1683 to 1701, the population grew from a few hundred to over 3,000 and most inhabited by the Irish, Germans, English, Swedes, Dutch, and Finns. When Penn returned to Pennsylvania in December 1699, he was pleased to see that the population grew and his tree plantings provided the green urban sanctuary he envisioned. What pleased him most was knowing that religious diversity was succeeding in the city. Although Penn, including his wife and their son, John, was living comfortably at Pennsbury Manor, Penn’s wife did not enjoy staying in America and missed her quiet and simple life she led in England. Penn decided to return to England when France threatened to attack again.
On October 25, 1701, before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he established Philadelphia as a city by issuing a charter called Charter of 1701. This gave the city’s mayor, councilmen, and council members the authority to issue laws and govern the city.
This was also the time that James Logan, secretary for William Penn, arrived in Philadelphia and became one of the first people who helped develop the city culturally and scientifically. Logan became the first mayor of Philadelphia in the early 1720s. Together with other prominent Philadelphia residents, he was able to establish a place of culture and learning with schools, theaters, and libraries built during his tenure. In October 1723, Benjamin Franklin arrived in Philadelphia founded the Union Fire Company to protect the city from fire. He also raised money to build the oldest hospital in America called The Philadelphia hospital in connection with the Philadelphia Almshouse which opened in 1752. Franklin established postal routes between Philadelphia, Boston, New York, and elsewhere and therefore named one of the city’s postmaster generals.
When the Seven Year’s War started in 1754, Franklin recruited army men for the city’s protection. Both during the French and Indian War and Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763, Philadelphia sheltered many refugees that fled into the city including few Lenapes who were being attacked by Paxton Boys, a vigilante group angry at Lenapes for their pacifism.
During the 1760s and 1970s, Philadelphia had seen many unrests. Being in a central location, many activists meet in Philadelphia. In 1777, the British successfully invaded Philadelphia that forces many residents to fled north to New Jersey and north of Pennsylvania. On June 18, 1778, when the last British troops pulled out of Philadelphia, the Continentals gradually returned to the city including the city government and the Congress.
In 1783, Patriot veterans moved from Philadelphia to New Jersey after their wages during the war were refused to be paid by Congress due to a lack of funds. New York became the temporary capital when the Congress forced to moved due to The Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783. However, after ten years, the city was again selected as the temporary United States capital. Robert Morris donated his residence at Market Street and 6th to President George Washington which later on known as President’s House. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Portal:Hispanic and Latino Americans/Things you can do
* Join any of the above associated WikiProjects.
* Suggest portal content here
* Help maintain the Hispanic and Latino Americans portal. Volunteers are always welcome - ¡Gracias! | WIKI |
Simple where clause giving grief
I will admit I am a little rusty on my SQL skills, however I am fairly certain this should work, but it doesn’t.
select distinct _type from Stats; returns 4 values like this _type "match" "game" "gamestats" "timeline"
So I’d think the following should work: select count(*) from Stats where _type = match;, unfortunately that returns nothing and I am stomped.
select count(*)
from Stats
where _type = "match";
OR
select _type, count(1) AS cnt
from Stats
GROUP BY _type;
The first queries returns 0 rows, and the second returns 3131 for match.
explain select count(*)
from Stats
where _type = "match";
Also post output of second query
Second query output: |_type|cnt| |"game"|2934| |"gamestats"|2941| |"timeline"|2935| |"match"|3131|
[
{
“plan”: {
#operator”: “Sequence”,
“~children”: [
{
#operator”: “PrimaryScan3”,
“index”: “#primary”,
“index_projection”: {
“primary_key”: true
},
“keyspace”: “Stats”,
“namespace”: “default”,
“using”: “gsi”
},
{
#operator”: “Fetch”,
“keyspace”: “Stats”,
“namespace”: “default”
},
{
#operator”: “Parallel”,
“~child”: {
#operator”: “Sequence”,
“~children”: [
{
#operator”: “Filter”,
“condition”: “((‘Stats’.’_type’) = “match”)”
},
{
#operator”: “InitialGroup”,
“aggregates”: [
“count()"
],
“group_keys”: []
}
]
}
},
{
#operator”: “IntermediateGroup”,
“aggregates”: [
"count(
)”
],
“group_keys”:
},
{
#operator”: “FinalGroup”,
“aggregates”: [
“count()"
],
“group_keys”: []
},
{
#operator”: “Parallel”,
“~child”: {
#operator”: “Sequence”,
“~children”: [
{
#operator”: “InitialProject”,
“result_terms”: [
{
“expr”: "count(
)”
}
]
},
{
#operator”: “FinalProject”
}
]
}
}
]
},
“text”: “select count(*) \nfrom Stats\n where _type = “match”;”
}
]
Plan looks fine. You can take look Last Tab of UI and post that. Make sure you don’t have control characters in “match”
There is nothing special about the Query Monitor page, and there are no control characters in the field _type, it only has straight up 1 of 4 string values.
After executing query post out put from “Plain Text” Tab
Ok this is weird… things started to work just now, no changes no nothing, could it be that the primary index hadn’t finished entirely or something else?
Possible. “Plain Text” has info each stage #ItemsIn, #ItemsOut you will know where it went wrong.
If you are doing aggregates check this out https://blog.couchbase.com/understanding-index-grouping-aggregation-couchbase-n1ql-query/
https://blog.couchbase.com/n1ql-practical-guide-second-edition/ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Indian hotel aggregator Oyo raises $250 mln from SoftBank fund, others
MUMBAI, Sept 7 (Reuters) - Indian hotel aggregator Oyo said on Thursday it has raised $250 million from new and existing investors in a fresh round of funding led by Japanese conglomerate SoftBank’s Vision Fund. Oyo will use the funds to expand its business in international markets, the company said in a statement. Founded in 2013, Oyo currently operates in 230 Indian cities, Malaysia and Nepal. Existing investors Sequoia India, Lightspeed Venture Partners and Greenoks Capital participated in the funding round, while Hero Enterprise joined as a new investor. The SoftBank Vision Fund, the world’s largest private equity fund, said last month it will invest in India’s top homegrown e-commerce firm Flipkart, becoming one of its top shareholders. (Reporting by Sankalp Phartiyal; Editing by Subhranshu Sahu) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Palais Galliera
The Palais Galliera, also formally known as the Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris (City of Paris Fashion Museum), and formerly known as Musée Galliera, is a museum of fashion and fashion history located at 10, avenue Pierre 1er de Serbie, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, France. When exhibitions are on it is open daily except Mondays and public holidays; an admission fee is charged and varies depending on the exhibition programmed. The museum opened its doors again 28 September 2013 after being closed for major renovation. Until 2021, there is no permanent presentation of the collections for conservation reasons.
Palais Galliera is one of the 14 City of Paris museums that have been incorporated since 1 January 2013, in the public institution Paris Musées.
History
The Duke of Galliera was a partner in the urban planning firm Thome & Cie, and owned a large parcel of land in one of the finest neighborhoods in Paris. Upon his death in 1876, his wife, Maria Brignole Sale De Ferrari, the Duchesse de Galliera, became heir to his immense fortune. The duchess decided that she wanted to use the land to build a museum, at her expense, to hold their works of arts. According to her wishes, a notary prepared a deed of gift to give the land parcel to the French state. However, after the gift was registered and accepted by presidential decree on 30 August 1879, it was discovered that the notary had made a serious error. Rather than donating the parcel to France, the deed was written as a gift to the City of Paris. Unable to change the deed at this point, the gift remained as written. Construction of the museum began in 1879, on an opulent design by architect Léon Ginain, who also supervised its construction. In 1884, the Duchess gave 6.5 million francs to the City of Paris for work already done as well as funds necessary to complete it.
On 22 June 1886, Jules Grévy and Georges Clemenceau convened the Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic and adopted a law expelling any person who was a direct heir of a royalist dynasty that had reigned in France. The Duchess Galliera, who had descended from the House of Orléans, was outraged by the law, no less because she had already donated the Hôtel Matignon to France. Unable to revoke her gift of the new museum, she abandoned the rest of her planned legacy to Paris. Thus, her collection of paintings and fine art were given to Genoa, Italy, where they are now displayed at the Palazzo Rosso and Palazzo Bianco.
The Duchess died in December 1888, before the museum was completed, but in May 1889, her heirs gave the City of Paris 1.3 million francs to finish its construction. Léon Ginain completed the museum in February 1894, which was officially received by the city a few months later, in July. In the absence of the Galliera art collection, for which it was designed, the City of Paris used the museum for temporary displays. The first exhibition, devoted to portraits of women and lace, was inaugurated by President Félix Faure on 1 March 1895. It became a museum of industrial arts in 1902, and later, it served as space for temporary shows of modern art. The city also rented it to auctioneers for prestigious sales.
The building
The Palais Galliera faces Brignole Galliera Square, immediately north of the Palais de Tokyo and one block east of the Musée Guimet. The architect Léon Ginain based his design on a palace that the Duchess Galliera owned in Genoa. The building is faced in cut stone in the Italian Renaissance style supported by an underframe of steel, constructed by the Eiffel Company. The mosaic floors and domes are the work of Giandomenico Facchina (1826–1904). The statues on the façade that fronts Avenue du President Wilson represent "Painting" by Henri Chapu, "Architecture" by Jules Thomas, and "Sculpture" by Peter Cavelier. In 1916, a fountain was built in front of the museum.
Fashion Museum
Since 1977, the City of Paris has operated the Palais Galliera as the Musée de la Mode de la Ville de Paris, a permanent museum devoted to fashion. It displays exhibits of French fashion design and costume from the eighteenth century to the present day. The museum is closed in between exhibitions.
In December 2017, the fashion historian Miren Arzalluz was named as the director of the Palais Galliera.
The museum's holdings contain about 70,000 items, and are organized as follows:
* Costumes – from the 18th century to the present, including clothes owned by Marie-Antoinette, Louis XVII, and the Empress Josephine, the dress worn by Audrey Hepburn at the Longchamp Hippodrome (1966), and displays of fashions by the leading 19th and 20th century designers including Balenciaga, Pierre Balmain, Anne-Marie Beretta, Louise Chéruit, Sonia Delaunay, Christian Dior, Jacques Fath, Mariano Fortuny, Jean Paul Gaultier, Givenchy, Paul Poiret, Paco Rabanne, Yves Saint Laurent, and Elsa Schiaparelli.
* Undergarments – an excellent collection of slips, corsets, crinolines, etc.
* Accessories – including jewelry, canes, hats, fans, purses, scarves, gloves (including a pair owned by Sarah Bernhardt), parasols, and umbrellas.
* Graphic arts and photography – stamps, drawings, photography, advertisements, etc. | WIKI |
Raoul Nehme
Raoul Nehme (راوول نعمة; born January 20, 1956) served as the Lebanese minister of economy and trade from 2020 to 2021.
Life
Nehme went to school at Collège Notre Dame de Jamhour and studied in France at the Ecole Polytechnique (engineering with a major in economics) and Mines ParisTech (engineering with a major in scientific management). He is a part of the Greek-Catholic community.
Career
In January 2020, Nehme was appointed minister of economy and trade by Prime Minister Hassan Diab. He joined the government as President's nominee, though he is himself independent.
Prior to his appointment in the government, Nehme worked in the banking industry. He has experience handling several establishments in crisis:
* BLC bank (Lebanon) board member (2008–2015) and general manager (2010-2015), after it was put in receivership by the BDL due to mismanagement
* T-bank (Turkey) chairman of the board, was brought in after the latter was severely affected by the economic crisis.
* AstroBank (Cyprus) chairman of the executive committee (2017–present). He was also a board member of USB bank, a predecessor entity to AstroBank.
* Bankmed (Lebanon) executive general manager (June 2018 – Jan 2020).
Nehme is the president and co-founder of NGO Jouzour Lebanon (meaning "roots of Lebanon"), an environmental NGO dedicated to reforestation.
Minister of Economy
Nehme's nomination as minister of economy came as Lebanon was experiencing a double political and economic crisis that resulted in a default on March 9, 2020. The general situation was further complicated by the coincident COVID-19 pandemic. As minister of economy, Nehme introduced measures to protect the consumer by limiting abusive price increases, banning the exportation of critical medical equipment and implementing measures to mitigate the propagation of the SARS-CoV-2. | WIKI |
1944 in Malaya
This article lists important figures and events in the public affairs of British Malaya during the year 1944, together with births and deaths of prominent Malayans. Japanese forces continued to occupy Malaya.
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WW2" acronym.
* 11 January – WW2: Action of 11 January 1944
* 17 July – WW2: Action of 17 July 1944
Births
* 15 January – Syed Hamid Albar – Politician
* 27 January – Adenan Satem – 5th Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2017)
* 4 February – Punch Gunalan – Badminton player (died 2012)
* 20 February – Abdul Hamid Zainal Abidin – Politician
* 6 June – Abdul Rahim bin Mohd. Noor – 5th Inspector General of Police
* 27 July – Abdul Hamid Pawanteh – Politician
* 12 August – Rustam A. Sani – University Malaya lecturer (died 2008)
* 22 August – Syed Razak Bin Syed Zain Barakhbah – Politician and former Menteri Besar of Kedah (1999-2005)
* 7 December – Mustafa Ali – Politician
* Unknown date – Fazidah Joned – Singer (died 2001)
* Unknown date – Joseph Kurup – Politician
* Unknown date – Zami Ismail – Actor (died 2011) | WIKI |
Page:First Voyage Round the World.djvu/66
identically in the edition of 1536 and in Fabre's French edition. Ramusio says:
"Magellan's voyage was written, with details, by Don Pietro Martire, of the Council of the Indies of the Emperor, and that he had examined all those who had survived the voyage, and returned to Seville in the year 1522; but, having sent it to be printed at Rome, in the miserable sack of that town it was lost, and it is not yet known where it is. One who saw it and read it gives testimony of it, and amongst the other things worthy of recollection which the above-named Don Pietro noted in this voyage, was that the Spaniards having navigated about three years and a month, and the greater part of them (as is the custom of those who navigate on the ocean) having noted down each day of each month, when they rejoined Spain they found they had lost one day; that is, when they reached the port of Seville, which was on the 7th of September, by the account which they had kept it was the 6th. Don Pietro having related this particularity to an excellent and rare man, Sig. Gasparo Contarino, a Venetian senator, who was then in Spain as ambassador to his Majesty from his Republic, and having asked him how it could be, he, as a very great philosopher, shewed him that it could not be otherwise, as they had navigated three years, always accompanying the sun, which was going westwards; and he said that the ancients had observed that those who navigated to the west greatly lengthened their day."
This book of Don Pietro's having been lost, says Ramusio, he thought of translating the Latin letter of Maximilian, and of adding to it the summary of a book which was written by the valiant knight of Rhodes, Messer Antonio Pigafetta, a Vicentine; and this said book was abridged and translated into French by a | WIKI |
Medieval household
The medieval household was, like modern households, the center of family life for all classes of European society. Yet in contrast to the household of today, it consisted of many more individuals than the nuclear family. From the household of the king to the humblest peasant dwelling, more or less distant relatives and varying numbers of servants and dependents would cohabit with the master of the house and his immediate family. The structure of the medieval household was largely dissolved by the advent of privacy in early modern Europe.
Variations were immense over an entire continent and a time span of about 1,000 years. However, it is still possible to speak of a classical model of the medieval household, particularly as it evolved in Carolingian France and from there spread over great parts of Europe.
Historical background
Neither Greek nor Latin had a word corresponding to modern-day "family". The Latin familia must be translated to "household" rather than "family". The aristocratic household of ancient Rome was similar to that of medieval Europe, in that it consisted – in addition to the paterfamilias, his wife and children – of a number of clients (clients), or dependents of the lord who would attend upon him, counsel him and receive rewards. Where it differed from its medieval equivalent was in the use of slaves rather than paid servants for the performance of menial tasks. Another difference was that, due to the relative security and peacefulness within the borders of the Roman Empire, there was little need for fortification. The aristocratic household of medieval Europe, on the other hand, was as much a military as a socio-economic unit, and from the 9th century onwards the ideal residence was the castle.
Composition
As a result of the military nature of the medieval noble household, its composition was predominately male. Towards the end of the medieval period, the ratio leveled out somewhat. However, at an earlier date, the feminine element of the household consisted only of the lady and her daughters, their attendants, and perhaps a few domestics to perform particular tasks such as washing. Many of the male servants were purely military personnel; there would be a gatekeeper, as well as various numbers of knights and esquires to garrison the castle as a military unit. Yet many of these would also serve other functions, and there would be servants entirely devoted to domestic tasks. At the lower level, these were simply local men recruited from the localities. The higher level positions – in particular those attending on the lord – were often filled by men of rank: sons of the lord's relatives, or his retainers.
The presence of servants of noble birth imposed a social hierarchy on the household that went parallel to the hierarchy dictated by function. This second hierarchy had at its top the steward (alternatively seneschal or majordomo), who had the overriding responsibility for the domestic affairs of the household. Taking care of the personal wellbeing of the lord and his family were the Chamberlain, who was responsible for the chamber or private living-quarters, and the Master of the Wardrobe, who had the main responsibility for clothing and other domestic items.
Of roughly equal authority to the steward was the marshal. This officer had the militarily vital responsibility for the stables and horses of the household (the "marshalsea"), and was also in charge of discipline. The marshal, and other higher-ranking servants, would have assistants helping them perform their tasks. These – called valets de chambre, grooms or pages, ranking from top to bottom in that order – were most often young boys; however, in the larger royal courts, the valet de chambres included both young noble courtiers, and often artists, musicians and other specialists who might be of international repute. Assigning these the office of valet was a way of regularising their position within the household.
One of the most important functions of the medieval household was the procurement, storage and preparation of food. This involved both feeding the occupants of the residence on a daily basis, and preparing larger feasts for guests, to maintain the status of the lord. The kitchen was divided into a pantry for bread, cheese and napery, and a buttery for wine, ale and beer. These offices were headed by a pantler and a butler respectively. Depending on the size and wealth of the household, these offices would then be subdivided further. The following is a list of some of the offices one could expect to find in a large medieval aristocratic or royal household:
In addition to these offices, there was a need for servants to take care of the hunting animals. The master huntsman, or the veneur, held a central position in greater noble households. Likewise, the master falconer was a high-ranking officer, often of noble birth himself. There were spiritual needs to be cared for, and a chapel was a natural part of every large household. These household chapels would be staffed by varying numbers of clerics. The chaplains, confessors and almoners could serve in administrative capacities as well as the religious ones.
Noble households
The households of medieval kings were in many ways simply aristocratic households on a larger scale: as the Burgundian court chronicler Georges Chastellain observed of the splendidly ordered court of the dukes of Burgundy, "after the deeds and exploits of war, which are claims to glory, the household is the first thing that strikes the eye, and which it is, therefore, most necessary to conduct and arrange well." In some ways though, they were essentially different. One major difference was the way in which royal household officials were largely responsible for the governance of the realm, as well as the administration of the household.
The 11th century Capetian kings of France, for instance, "ruled through royal officers who were in many respects indistinguishable from their household officers." These officers – primarily the seneschal, constable, butler, chamberlain and chancellor – would naturally gain extensive powers, and could exploit this power for social advancement. One example of this is the Carolingians of France, who rose from the position of royal stewards – the Mayors of the Palace – to become kings in their own right. It was the father of Charlemagne, Pepin the Short, who gained control of government from the enfeebled Merovingian king Childeric III. Another example can be found in the royal House of Stuart in Scotland, whose family name bore witness to their background of service.
Eventually, the central positions of the royal household became little else than honorary titles bestowed upon the greatest families, and not necessarily even dependent on attendance at court. In Flanders, by the thirteenth century, the offices of constable, butler, steward and chamberlain had become the hereditary right of certain high noble families, and held no political significance.
Finally, the royal household differed from most noble households in the size of their military element. If a king was able to muster a substantial force of household knights, this would reduce his dependence on the military service of his subjects. This was the case with Richard II of England, whose one-sided dependence on his household knights – mostly recruited from the county of Cheshire – made him unpopular with his nobility and eventually contributed to his downfall.
In England, the semi-royal household of Edward of Carnarvon, later Edward II when Prince of Wales, is the earliest for which detailed knowledge can be obtained from sources.
Itineration
The medieval aristocratic household was not fixed to one location, but could be more or less permanently on the move. Greater nobles would have estates scattered over large geographical areas, and to maintain proper control of all their possessions it was important to physically inspect the localities on a regular basis. As the master of the horses, travel was the responsibility of the marshal. Everything in the noble household was designed for travel, so that the lord could enjoy the same luxury wherever he went.
Particularly for kings, itineration was a vital part of governance, and in many cases kings would rely on the hospitality of their subjects for maintenance while on the road. This could be a costly affair for the localities visited; there was not only the large royal household to cater for, but also the entire royal administration. It was only towards the end of the medieval period, when means of communication improved, that households, both noble and royal, became more permanently attached to one residence.
Regional variations
The aristocratic society centered on the castle originated, as much of medieval culture in general, in Carolingian France, and from there spread over most of Western Europe. In other parts of Europe, the situation was different. On the northern and western fringes of the continent, society was kin-based rather than feudal, and households were organised correspondingly.
In Ireland, the basis for social organisation was the "sept", a clan that could comprise as many as 250 households, or 1250 individuals, all somehow related. In Viking-age Scandinavia, housing arrangements were more humble than those of contemporary France or England, but also here the greater lords would own grand halls wherein they might entertain large numbers of guests.
In the Byzantine Empire, slaves were employed until the end of the Empire, as were eunuchs. Little is known of the living arrangements of the Byzantines, as very few buildings remain. From historical and architectural evidence, it is known that, even though castles were rare, the wealthy lived in palaces of varying magnitude, with chapels and gardens, and rich decorations of mosaics and frescoes.
Rural
The households of medieval peasant families were naturally smaller than those of the aristocracy, and as such resembled modern households more. The patterns of marriage fluctuated greatly over the course of the Middle Ages. Even though most of the available evidence concerns the higher classes, and the source material for southern Europe is richer than for the rest, it is still possible to make some rough generalisations. It seems clear that the average age of marriage during the Early Middle Ages was comparatively high, in the early twenties, and quite equal for men and women. The reason for this can be found in traditions brought forward from the Germanic tribes, but equally in the fact that habitation was confined to small areas, a factor that enforced restrictions on population growth.
As more land was won for cultivation, this trend changed. During the High and Late Middle Ages, women were increasingly married away in their teens, leading to higher birth rates. While women would be married once they reached reproductive age, men had to possess independent means of sustenance – to be able to provide for a family – before entering into marriage. For this reason, the average age of marriage for men remained high, in the mid- to late twenties.
Even though peasant households were significantly smaller than aristocratic ones, the wealthiest of these would also employ servants. Service was a natural part of the cycle of life, and it was common for young people to spend some years away from home in the service of another household. This way they would learn the skills needed later in life, and at the same time earn a wage. This was particularly useful for girls, who could put the earnings towards their dowry.
The houses of medieval peasants were of poor quality compared to modern houses. The floor was normally of earth, and there was very little ventilation or sources of light in the form of windows. In addition to the human inhabitants, a number of livestock animals would also reside in the house. Towards the end of the medieval period, however, conditions generally improved. Peasant houses became larger in size, and it became more common to have two rooms, and even a second floor.
Urban
The medieval world was a much less urban society than either the Roman Empire or the modern world. The fall of the Roman Empire had caused a catastrophic de-population of the towns and cities that had existed within the Empire. Between the 10th and 12th centuries, however, a revival of the European city occurred, with an increase in the urbanisation of society.
The practice of sending children away to act as servants was even more common in towns than in the countryside. The inhabitants of towns largely made their livelihood as merchants or artisans, and this activity was strictly controlled by guilds. The members of these guilds would in turn employ young people – primarily boys – as apprentices, to learn the craft and later take a position as guild members themselves. These apprentices made up part of the household – or "family" – as much as the children of the master.
Later perspectives
Towards the end of the Middle Ages, the functions and composition of households started to change. This was due primarily to two factors. First of all, the introduction of gunpowder to the field of warfare rendered the castle a less effective defence, and did away with the military function of the household. The result was a household more focused on comfort and luxury, and with a significantly larger proportion of women.
The second factor that brought about change was the early modern ascendancy of the individual, and focus on privacy. Already in the later Middle Ages castles had begun to incorporate an increasing number of private chambers, for the use both of the lord and of his servants. Once the castle was discarded to the benefit of palaces or stately homes, this tendency was reinforced. This did not mean an end to the employment of domestic servants, or even in all cases a reduction in household staff. What it did mean, however, was a realignment whereby the family – in a genealogical sense – became the cornerstone of the household. | WIKI |
10,000th Syrian Refugee Will Arrive in the US Today
The 10,000th Syrian refugee will arrive in the United States on Monday — meeting a humanitarian goal the Obama administration set last year. "On behalf of the President and his Administration, I extend the warmest of welcomes to each and every one of our Syrian arrivals, as well as the many other refugees resettled this year from all over the world," Susan Rice, President Barack Obama's national security adviser, said in a statement. Rice did not announce the name of the refugee or where that person will be resettled. But she said the feds reached Obama's goal to admit 10,000 Syrians this fiscal year — a month ahead of deadline. "The President understood the important message this decision would send, not just to the Syrian people but to the broader international community," Rice said. "Millions have been displaced by the violence in the region, but this decision still represented a six-fold increase from the prior year, and was a meaningful step that we hope to build upon." Over at the White House, spokesman Josh Earnest said that the 10,000 figure was a compromise goal and that the president would like to increase that number by "a few thousand more" next year. "The president would like to see a ramping-up of these efforts, but he's realistic," said Earnest. In the coming weeks, Earnest said, Secretary of State John Kerry is expected to make the administration's pitch to boost the number of Syrian refugees allowed into the country to a skeptical Congress, where some members of the Republican majority are opposed to any increase. More than 4.8 million Syrians have fled since a civil war began tearing their homeland apart — but just one-fifth of 1 percent of them have landed in the United States, according to the State Department. Almost half of the new Americans are 14 and under, and 62 percent are under age 20, the feds said. Their top two destinations are Michigan, which has long been a destination for Syrian immigrants, and California. "Thousands of families from Syria have found safety on our shores, and that is a wonderful thing," said Tarah Demant, senior director of the Identity and Discrimination Unit for Amnesty International USA. "But so many are still trapped in horrific conditions in refugee camps or war zones. The U.S. must do more to uphold its responsibility to do all it can to protect those fleeing human rights abuses." Lina Sergie Attar of the Karam Foundation, a Chicago-based Syrian support organization, agreed. "I hope that the United States will continue to welcome thousands more Syrian families who are fleeing the brutal war and are determined to rebuild their futures," she said. "Unfortunately, I'm not optimistic about the current political climate." Obama's decision to admit any Syrian refugees has been opposed by Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump and many Republican lawmakers, who have stoked fears that terrorists might be in their midst. Alice Wells, the U.S. ambassador to Jordan, told The Associated Press on Sunday that "the immediate goal of resettling 10,000 Syrian refugees did not come at the cost of our comprehensive, robust security measures." Back in April, it didn't appear that the United States would reach it's goal of resettling 10,000 refugees. At that point, just 1,285 new refugees had made it here, according to data released by the State Department. And that was after Kerry pledged that the Obama administration would step up its commitment to protect families fleeing from Syria's six-year civil war. The brutal conflict has killed hundreds of thousands of people. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Helen Dunmore’s indomitable spirit - Posthumous praise
LYING on an operating table in a “workaday city hospital”, the late author Helen Dunmore noticed a waterfall outside the theatre. The staff seemed quite unbothered by this therapeutic installation. They strolled casually towards the patient with “their gowns, caps and pale gumboots while I watched the cataract tumble behind them”. Dunmore, whose novels and poems always flow and brim with images of seas, rivers and pools, felt a sudden “amazement and joy” at the nearness of her favourite element. That waterfall cascades into the opening poem of her final collection, “Inside the Wave”. On January 30th, the volume beat its rivals from other literary genres to win Britain’s Costa Book of the Year award. Dunmore’s posthumous honour came seven months after her death from cancer, aged 64, in June 2017. Her waterfall poem, “Counting Backward”, ruefully reflects that the medics of Bristol (the city in the west of England where she lived for four decades) had come to take their indoor cataract for granted. Human beings “can get used to anything”, after all. The ordinary, indomitable women whose quiet heroism animates her most powerful novels—whether set in the revolutionary 1790s, the first world war or the siege of Leningrad—must learn to take chaos and tyranny, war and famine, in their measured stride. They convert fate into freedom. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. Plain-spoken, well-wrought and hard-won, the extraordinary poems of “Inside the Wave” work that magic with the brute truth of mortal sickness. Stretching from the routines of the hospital ward to the adventures of mythological heroes in the underworld, they make death familiar, intimate. “My people are the dying,” she writes: “I reach out to them, a company of suffering”. Yet the extinction “her people” face never loses its terror, or its wonder. Written just a few days before her passing, “Hold out your arms” entreats death to “Embrace me/ Give me your motherly caress”. In this last work of a writer who so often depicted mothers fighting for their children’s survival against the worst shocks and threats of history, mortality and maternity eerily converge. Death “will pick me up and hold me/ So no one can see me,/ I will scrub my hair into hers”. That mingled note of high courage and deep tenderness, a sort of mythic domesticity, sounded throughout Dunmore’s career. She was born in northern England, in Yorkshire. After university, she taught English in Finland. She published verse before she turned to prose fiction, but managed to win the inaugural Orange Prize for women novelists in 1996 (with “A Spell of Winter”, her third novel). Along with her cherished seas and rivers, the icy landscapes of the North—Finland and Russia above all—sparkle across her books. Russia’s great modern poets, such as Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva, left as profound a mark on her prose as on her verse. In an interview, she saluted “the musicality of their language, their vibrancy, their political engagement too—and yet their resolute independence of mind, purchased at a huge cost”. Figures such as Akhmatova wrote on through war and persecution not as sheltered recluses but as lovers, wives and mothers whose family commitments never silenced the creative voice. Mother to three children, Dunmore shared their resolution. She published a dozen volumes of poetry, 15 novels, and a score of stories for younger readers—such as the Ingo series of sub-aquatic fantasies, set around the coasts of Cornwall. She championed younger writers, and spoke up for literature and libraries. Yet she liked to quote a line of Akhmatova’s, which applied to her career: “All my life I have been leading a child by the hand.” The highlights of her fiction include “House of Orphans”, set in Russian-occupied Finland, and “The Siege”—a masterly, compressed epic of the city of Leningrad during its 900-day trial by Hitler and winter during the second world war. Like much of her work, it celebrates the resilience of everyday people. “Civil society did not disintegrate,” she said of Leningrad’s plight. “People did maintain the forms of life. The city, morally and spiritually, was not destroyed.” In 2017, already gravely ill, she published a farewell novel which dramatised “history from below” to rescue another group of ordinary folk, especially women, from posterity’s neglect. Set in her home city of Bristol, “Birdcage Walk” restored to vivid, urgent life the pioneer radicals and feminists of the 1790s. Dunmore “wanted to write about people whose voices have not echoed through time and whose struggles and passions have been hidden from history”. Imagination may overcome oblivion: “Historical record does not know them but fiction can imagine them.” “Birdcage Walk”, like her earlier novels, broke through “the endless silence which surrounds our brief lives”. “Inside the Wave” finds a firm, warm, even joyful, voice for the ending of that life. It throws us a “last greeting” from the edge of nothingness. Like its author, it will not be easily forgotten. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:Wanderings of a Pilgrim Vol 1.djvu/82
The style of singing was curious; at times the tones proceeded finely from their noses; some of the airs were very pretty; one of the women was Nickee, the Catalani of the East. Indian jugglers were introduced after supper, who played various tricks, swallowed swords, and breathed out fire and smoke. One man stood on his right foot, and putting his left leg behind his back, hooked his left foot on the top of his right shoulder; just try the attitude pour passer le temps. The house was very handsomely furnished, everything in European style, with the exception of the owner.
The children of Europeans in India have a pale sickly hue, even when they are in the best of health; very different from the chubby brats of England.
All the Indian fruits appear very large, and a new comer thinks them inferior in point of flavour to the European; as for the far-famed mangoes, I was disgusted with them, all those to be had at that time in Calcutta being stringy, with a strong taste of turpentine.
The fort is spacious and handsome, but very hot from the ramparts that surround it. The 44th Queen's have lost three officers by death, nine more have returned to England on sick certificate, and three hundred of the privates are in hospital; this in six months! The mortality amongst the privates has been dreadful, owing, I believe, to the cheapness of spirituous liquors, and exposure to the sun.
Port or sherry is seldom seen on table, during the hot weather; Madeira is not much used; Burgundy, Claret, and light French wines are very rationally preferred.
Where the climate is so oppressive, what are luxuries indeed at home, are here necessary to health and existence; to walk is impossible, even the most petty Europe shop-keeper in Calcutta has his buggy, to enable him to drive out in the cool of the evening.
June 1st.—This is the first day of the month; the morning has been very hot, but at this moment the rain is descending, as if the windows of heaven were again opened to deluge the earth; the thunder rolls awfully, and the forked lightning | WIKI |
Even Kruse Skatrud
Even Kruse Skatrud (born 18 August 1977) lecturer at the University of Oslo, a Norwegian Jazz musician, composer, Music arranger and Orchestra leader. He is the son of musician Harry Andersen and Marit Skatrud Andersen, married to singer-artist Anine Kruse Skatrud and son-in-law of the major Norwegian Contemporary composer Bjørn Kruse (b. 1946).
Career
He studied music and composition at Norges Musikkhøgskole (from 1998) and contributed on a series of productions with orchestras like Funky Butt, Gumbo, Erik Smith's Friends, Soulslave, Descarga, Soul Inc, Ensemble Denada, Marinemusikken, Kringkastingsorkesteret, Kristiansand Symphony Orchestra and the originale "The Glenn Miller Orchestra". He has played with musicians like Phil Woods, Marilyn Mazur, Ray Anderson, Bobby Stewart, Eddie Daniels og Clarence Clemons, contributed to TV-shows like three Idol-orchestres (TV 2, 2003–05) and four seasons with Skal vi danse (TV 2), and solo performances with Oslo Philharmonic.
In 2003 he appeared on the album Angels with the Sigurd Køhn and Nils-Olav Johansen Sextet, and joined the brass section of the band Horndogs in 2005. Jens Petter Antonsen wanted to start up a brass section and got into contact with Kruse Skatrud and Børge-Are Halvorsen. From 2005 they have participated on several albums.
In 2006 he wrote an arrangement on Odd R. Antonsen Big Band Album – where Putte Wickman (1924–2006) on Clarinet and Grethe Kausland (1947–2007) on Vocals were among the soloists involved. This was the last recording of each of them on a record. This arrangement with Grethe Kausland was also played at her funeral – the title was: "Here's to life" – a celebration of life.
In 2008 he wrote 4 of the arrangements for Kjell Karlsen's Big Band Recording In Grieg Moods – Ved Rondane, Anitras dans, I Dovregubbens hall and a composition of Kjell Karlsen performed by Bjørn Johan Muri. In 2011 he played with Bergen Big Band.
Skatrud established the new Norwegian fusion band Moose Patrol together with guitarist Markus Lillehaug Johnsen. They have composed new original music for the DølaJazz, Lillehammer Jazzfestival 2016. There they gave the audience a real treat with the additional lineup Mathias Eick and Jens Petter Antonsen (trup ets), Atle Nymo (saxophone), Jørn Øien (keyboards), Audun Erlien (bass), Torstein Lofthus (drums), Martin Windstad (perkusjon).
Events
* 2008 – Kruse Skatrud conducted his first military band, on tour with divisjonsmusikken in Harstad.
* 2008 – Skatrud started giving lectures at Blinderen on the discipline of arranging (UiO).
* 2010 – Gumbo made a 5-week tour in Asia – one week in Guanshow, one week in Shang-hai, three weeks in India.
* 2010 – Took over as conductor of the Romsås Janitsjar
* 2011 – Employed at the University of Oslo, Norway as assistant professor, where he teaches jazz arranging.
Conductor
* Lørenskog Kavalkaden 2004
* Telenors Kulturprogram og Kulturpris 2008 – You can't stop the beat – + musicians from Montenegro
* Nordeas Kulturprogram 2009 – 2010 – Trine Rein – Quincy Jones Tribute
Musician
* Eveneven Big Band, Eveneven (Eveneven publishing, 2006)
* Whoopin 2001 – Funky Butt
* The Glove 2004 – Funky Butt
* Big Mama 2005 – Funky Butt
* Shakin da butt 2007
* Rock i fullt alvor – Imperceptible Shattering of Innocence 1993 – bass Guitar
* Mye rart på Romerike 1997 – trombonist in Romerike All-stars
* Lasse Thoresen – Som bølger på et hav – 2000 – trombonist
* The Real Thing – Deluxe 2000 – trombonist
* Dollie De luxe – Dollie's beste 2001 – trombonist
* Shire – Car 2001 – trombonist
* Motorpsycho – Phanerothyme 2001 – trombonist
* Asgeir – Sjefen over alle sjefer 2001 – trombonist
* Molo 2002 – Rockeband – trombonist
* Fabel – Smil 2002 – trombonist
* Trollhalen – Lisbeth Nygård 2003 – trombonist
* Amund Maarud 2003 – trombonist
* Trumpet Jungle 2003 – trombonist
* Number Seven Deli 2003 – trombonist
* Køhn/Johansen – Angels 2003 – Flugabone og trombone
* Børre Dalhaug's Bigbandblast! 2004 – trombonist
* Kor 90 & Funky Butt – Shout all over god's heaven 2004 – trombonist
* Margarets 2005 – trombonist
* Dodo Miranda – 2005 – trombonist, arranger
* Eveneven Big Band 2006
* Gumbo 2006
* Pitsj 2006
Arranger
* Norske Store Orkester – DENADA 2006
* Antonsen Big Band 2007 -"Here's to life" with Grethe Kausland
* Alejandro Fuentes – Tomorrow only knows 2007 – trombonist
* Jørn Hoel – På Grunn av Dæ 2007 – trombonist
* Marian Aas Hansen – It's beginning to look a lot like christmas 2007 – trombone row in the big band
* Kyss meg – Vilde Bjerke 2008 – trombonist
* Kjell Karlsens Storband – In Grieg Moods. 2008
Trombonist and arranger
* Gospelkoret HIM – Mighty in the spirit 2009 – trombonist
* Gospelkoret HIM – Juleplate 2010 – trombonist
* Helge Sunde's Ensemble Denada 2009 – Lead trombone – won the Echo-prize Deutscher Musikpreis Jazz 2010
* Maria Mohn 2009 – trombonist
* Ole Børud – Keep Movin'- 2011
DVD releases
* Idol 2003
* Idol 2004
* Idol 2005
* A Night of Gospel – 2008 | WIKI |
(ORDO NEWS) — Based on well-preserved documents, scientists concluded that Julius Caesar’s health problems were not associated with epilepsy, as previously thought, but with microstrokes.
The great ancient Roman statesman and commander, stabbed to death on March 15, 44 BC. e., according to researchers from Imperial College London, had many symptoms that clearly point to this ailment.
According to Plutarch, during the battle of Thapsus (46 BC), Caesar lost consciousness and fell, which excluded his further command in battle.
Similarly, Caesar fell unconscious during his military campaigns in Spain and Africa. Scientists believe that the commander’s malaise was caused by a series of micro-strokes, and not by an attack of epilepsy.
Caesar and disease
According to Dr. Khutan Ashrafian, an Imperial College surgeon, Caesar had regular symptoms suggestive of a stroke: headache, dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness. Moreover, during meetings in the Senate, when Caesar was honored by senators, he sometimes could not even stand up.
Also noteworthy are Caesar’s father and grandfather, who died under mysterious circumstances. This, according to scientists, suggests that they may also have suffered the strokes that killed them.
Further evidence in favor of the theory put forward by the London team is that towards the end of his life, Caesar struggled with severe depression, which is a side effect of a stroke.
See also: Julius Caesar’s ambitious plans before his death .
Contact us: [email protected] | FINEWEB-EDU |
Bruce Shapiro
Bruce Shapiro is an American journalist, commentator and author. He is executive director of the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, a resource center and think tank for journalists who cover violence, conflict and tragedy, based at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. In 2014 he received the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Public Advocacy Award recognizing "outstanding and fundamental contributions to the social understanding of trauma."
Shapiro is a contributing editor at The Nation magazine and provides a weekly report on U.S. politics and culture to the Australian radio program Late Night Live. In addition to his leadership of the Dart Center he is adjunct professor at Columbia Journalism School, where he teaches ethics and serves as Senior Advisor for Academic Affairs, and a lecturer at Yale University, where he has taught investigative journalism since 1994. Shapiro serves on the board of directors and executive committee of the Global Investigative Journalism Network, on the international advisory board of the Judith Neilson Institute for Journalism and Ideas in Australia and on the advisory board of the Rory Peck Trust based in London. | WIKI |
WFS Examples & Guidelines
Stored queries
If you want to know more about how to decide which storedquery_id to use, see Time series data page.
After you have gotten your API-key and have decided which storedquery_id to use, you may request the actual observation or forecast data from the service.
For example, you may request forecast data for Helsinki with default values for other parameters:
Stored query parameters can be used to limit the queries, for example, to certain areas, locations, time period and features.
Simplified parameter list for stored queries:
• bbox (for example: &bbox=22,64,24,68)
• timestep (in minutes, for example: ×tep=40)
• parameters (check possible parameters from server response by using stored query request without limitations, for example: ¶meters=temperature,windspeedms)
• crs (check supported projections from getCapabilities-responnse, for example: &crs=EPSG::3067)
• starttime (for example: &starttime=2013-02-28T20:00:00Z)
• endtime (for example: &endtime=2013-02-30T20:00:00Z)
• maxlocations (number of stations to search for in the vicinity of the requested locations)
• place (multiple places can be defined by using parameter multiple times, for example: &place=kumpula,Helsinki&place=kirkkonummi)
List of all the supported stored queries can be found from FMI WFS Services page.
Registration
Registration for API-key is required to use open data service interfaces.
Services contain API-key specific request limitations:
• Download Service has limit of 20000 requests per day for a single API-key
• View Service has limit of 10000 requests per day for a single API-key
• Download and View Services have combined limit of 600 requests per 5 minutes for single API-key
Guidelines for stored queries
Timesteps should be adjusted according to requested time period and according to actual need for specific data. For example, short 10 minutes timestep may not be adequate for longer time periods and such queries may result in huge data sets. Therefore, longer timestep, for example 1 hour or 1 day, may be adequate for such cases. Data may be received much faster and more efficiently when only necessary data is queried.
Choose begintime and timestep properly or expected data values may not be received from the service. Proper observation and forecast data values are given only if data is available for queried time positions. The queried timesteps should be relative to an exact hour and also divisible by the actual observation interval. For example, if begintime has been set for 2013-05-12T10:22:00.000Z with timestep of 20 minutes and feature observation interval has been 10 minutes, no proper data values are received from the service because requested timesteps 11:22, 11:42, etc. do not match actual observation times that would be 11:20, 11:30, etc. Notice also, every second step of 15 minutes timestep would result to unwanted time positions if observation interval has been 10 minutes because 15 is not divisible by 10.
Timevaluepair examples for stored queries
Spatial query uses bbox parameter. Notice, projection information may also be included in bbox value if response should be in different projection than bbox values. For example, &bbox=22,64,24,68,epsg:4326 could also be used below. Query for combined list of time-value-pairs for temperature and windspeed data in EPSG::3067 projection:
Also, location name can be used for query. For example, query for all the time-value-pair data from the closest station to Jaala by using 30 minutes timestep:
Query for point forecast for Jaala as list of time-value-pairs:
Multipointcoverage examples for stored queries
Spatial query uses bbox parameter. Notice, projection information may also be included in bbox value if response should be in different projection than bbox values. For example, &bbox=22,64,24,68,epsg:4326 could also be used below. Query for combined list of positions and values for temperature and windspeed data in EPSG::3067 projection:
Also, location name can be used for query. For example, query for all the data from the closest station to Jaala by using 30 minutes timestep:
Query for point forecast for Jaala as list of positions and values: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Ralph on the Railroad.djvu/273
Rh get jugged! You played me a fine trick spying into Cohen's and getting the gang in a box. I ought to just kill you, I ought!"
"Well, hear what I have to say before you begin your slaughter," said Ralph quietly. "Out of sympathy for your mother, and because your father has friends among the railroad men, I think the disposition of the railroad company is to treat you with leniency in the matter of the stolen junk, if you show you are ready to do the square thing."
"They can't prove a thing against me!" shouted Ike wrathfully. "Think I don't know how affairs stand? They can't do anything with Cohen, either, unless some one peaches—and no one will."
"Don't be too sure of that," advised Ralph. "They can lock you up, and if they delve very deep, can convict you on circumstantial evidence. But I don't want to discuss that. It's plain business, and now is your time to act. Go home, give the company a chance to get back it's property, and I'll guarantee they will deal lightly with you—this time."
"Put my head in the jaws of the lion?" derided Ike—"not much! Say, Ralph Fairbanks, what do you take me for? And what do I know about their stolen plunder?" | WIKI |
Pinterest Stock, Still Weak After July 30 Rout, Is a Buying Opportunity
InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
It’s been just over a month since Pinterest (NYSE:PINS) shareholders reeled from a near-record drop in PINS stock. After reporting a sharp decline in active users for its second quarter, PINS plummeted by over 18%.
Source: Nopparat Khokthong / Shutterstock.com
Currently trading around $54, Pinterest shares have slid even further since then. In fact, the stock is down 17% for 2021. That’s a far cry from 2020, when the pandemic drove user growth and PINS stock posted an impressive 254% return.
With shares performing so poorly, there is an opportunity here to pick up this Portfolio Grader “B” rated stock at a discount. However, doing so requires making the assumption that the market reaction to Pinterest’s active user numbers are an over-reaction. It also assumes that Pinterest shares are in a position to deliver long-term growth.
Based on what shares have done so far in 2021, you might be inclined to skip PINS stock, but I still think this is an investment that is going to pay off handsomely over the long term.
Why the Panic at the End of July?
The story of what’s happened to PINS stock over the past month dates back to July 30. The company reported its second-quarter earnings. Revenue was up 125% year-over-year. Global monthly active users (MAUs) grew by 9%. Adjusted earnings per share handily beat forecasts, at 25 cents.
7 EV Charging Stocks to Buy for an Infrastructure Rally
So why did the market react so negatively to those numbers? The problem is what Pinterest describes as “engagement headwinds.” With people beginning to venture back to the office and spending more time outdoors, they aren’t spending as much time online as they did during lockdowns. As a result, MAU numbers failed to meet expectations. For the quarter, MAUs in the U.S. dropped 5% YoY. Additionally, the company noted that as of July 27, that American MAU had hit a 7% decline.
The prospect of U.S. users losing interest in Pinterest had analysts deeply concerned, and PINS stock was punished as a result.
However, that reaction didn’t necessarily take the bigger picture into account. The decline in MAUs is a U.S. issue. International MAUs were up 13% in the quarter. In addition, the average revenue per user (ARPU) improved significantly. ARPU for the U.S. was up 103% for the quarter, while ARPU for international markets grew 163%.
Pinterest Is Delivering on Monetization Promise
Pinterest has always shown promise when it comes to tying image sharing to retail purchases. Back in 2013, Harvard Business Review published an article on the company, noting:
Pinterest is an especially popular driver of in-store sales: 21% of the Pinterest users we surveyed said that they bought an item in-store after pinning, repinning, or liking it, and 36% of users under 35 said they had done so.
Retailers took note of this relationship.
The company has continually leveraged its position, inking deals with leading e-commerce sites and vendors. Each of these deals helps to drive up that ARPU. Pinterest is suffering engagement headwinds as Americans spend less time online after lockdown – that’s completely predictable. People aren’t fleeing the platform, they’re using it less or putting down the laptop temporarily. In much of the world MAUs continue to grow. And because the company has been so successful at monetizing its platform, revenue can increase meaningfully despite a slip in MAU numbers.
Bottom Line on PINS Stock
At the end of the day, is PINS stock a buy? On the surface, a 254% return in 2020 followed by a loss of 17% at this point in 2021 doesn’t paint a compelling picture. Investment analysts are mixed, with most waiting to see what happens next. There are InvestorPlace contributors making compelling arguments for PINS having significant upside. Others argue you should hold off and wait for the stock to bottom out.
Only time will tell who is right. However, I believe Pinterest is a strong company that has done an excellent job of monetizing its platform. Remember, revenue in Q2 grew 125% YoY compared to 2020 – which was an historic year for the company. It’s possible that PINS stock may slip a little lower, but it’s just as likely that a rally is just around the corner. If you’re looking at PINS a long-term growth investment, it’s really a question of whether to snap up shares now while they’re still near their 2021 low, or waiting in hope that they slip further.
On the date of publication, Louis Navellier had a long position in PINS. Louis Navellier did not have (either directly or indirectly) any other positions in the securities mentioned in this article. InvestorPlace Research Staff member primarily responsible for this article did not hold (either directly or indirectly) any positions in the securities mentioned in this article.
Louis Navellier, who has been called “one of the most important money managers of our time,” has broken the silence in this shocking “tell all” video… exposing one of the most shocking events in our country’s history… and the one move every American needs to make today.
The post Pinterest Stock, Still Weak After July 30 Rout, Is a Buying Opportunity appeared first on InvestorPlace.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Convert GIF images into XLS files.
Project description
Inspired by xkcd.
Converts GIF encoded images into Microsoft Excel formatted workbooks.
Each frame is assigned a worksheet, and each pixel is assigned a cell.
There are two modes: fancy mode (the default) and boring mode. In boring mode (using -b or –boring at the command line), each cell is assigned a 25-bit integer, with bits 0-23 for an RGB value and bit 24 as transparency. In fancy mode, each cell is made square and is assigned a background colour that is as close to the original pixel value as possible.
An additional sheet named “Info” contains some header information, where each row contains a Name, Value pair.
Installation
gif2xls is now available as a PyPI package! Simply run either of the following from anywhere:
pip install gif2xls # globally, often requires root/Administrator privileges
pip install gif2xls --user # local to current user (add ~/.local/bin to your $PATH)
To install from source, either run the following as root inside the repo directory:
pip install .
or the following to install as a user package (making sure to add ~/.local/bin/ to your $PATH):
pip install . --user
Usage
Syntax:
gif2xls input_file [-b|--boring] [--width cell_width] [-o output_file.xls(x)]
The default mode is “fancy” mode - use the –boring flag to use “boring” mode which doesn’t use any colour formatting.
In “fancy” mode when using a .xlsx formatted output file, you can use the –width flag to specify how wide and high each cell will be in pixels. For example, –width=5 will generate cells that are 5 pixels wide and high each so that the image appears scaled up 5 times.
The output file can either have a .xls or a .xlsx file extension - signalling to gif2xls your output file format.
NOTE: You must use .xlsx output files for GIF images that are larger than 256 pixels wide - classic .xls worksheets do not support more than 256 columns per worksheet. However, you can still use .xls worksheets for fancy mode images, just as long as they are not wider than 256 pixels.
(C) Thomas Bell 2016, MIT License.
Project details
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Page:A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems (1919).djvu/40
than the Chinese, I have preferred to vary the metre of my version, rather than pad out the line with unnecessary verbiage.
I have not used rhyme because it is impossible to produce in English rhyme-effects at all similar to those of the original, where the same rhyme sometimes run through a whole poem. Also, because the restrictions of rhyme necessarily injure either the vigour of one's language or the literalness of one's version. I do not, at any rate, know of any example to the contrary. What is generally known as "blank verse" is the worst medium for translating Chinese poetry, because the essence of blank verse is that it varies the position of its pauses, whereas in Chinese the stop always comes at the end of the couplet. [ 34 ] | WIKI |
Thomas Duis
Thomas Duis (born 1958, in Frankfurt) is a German pianist.
Duis studied with Kurt Gerecke in Wiesbaden, Karl-Heinz Kämmerling in Hannover and Fanny Waterman in Leeds.
He was the top-ranking pianist at the 1986 Artur Rubinstein Competition in Tel Aviv (he was awarded the 2nd prize, the 1st being declared void), and was awarded 2nd prize at the 1986 Gina Bachauer International Piano Competition and 3rd prizes at the 1985 Sydney Competition and the 1987 ARD Competition in Munich. Duis had his discographical debut for EMI, and has performed internationally since.
He was the rector of the Hochschule des Saarlandes für Musik und Theater until 2012, and is a musical ambassador for the Goethe-Institut.
Premieres
* Benjamin Yusupov: Concerto-Intimo for piano and orchestra. Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra - Leon Botstein, conductor. Henry Crown Hall, Jerusalem; March 28, 2007. | WIKI |
Spanish govt declines to comment on any impact of Genoa bridge disaster on deal to buy Abertis
MADRID, Aug 20 (Reuters) - Spain’s Public Works Ministry declined to comment on Monday on whether a motorway bridge collapse this month in Genoa would affect a deal between Atlantia, whose subsidiary manages the bridge, and Spanish firm ACS. Atlantia and ACS agreed in March to jointly buy Spain’s Abertis in a deal to create the world’s biggest toll road operator, which still needs final aproval from the Spanish Government. A spokesman said the Ministry is still waiting for some technical meetings including with the Defense Ministry. “These meeting have not happened because of the summer holidays,” the spokesman said. (Reporting by Andrés González, editing by Isla Binnie) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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Talk:German humour/Archive 1
Old talk
Sorry, this article by The Guardian is either biased crap or a funny joke or wishful thinking. The Germans have no sense of humour at all and because of this there is no problem with the contemporary British view of "German humor". If you look at British_humour you knew exactly what Germans don't laught about. There is no word for comedy in the modern German language, the German language Wikipedia explains:
"Unter Comedy (Anglizismus) versteht man im deutschsprachigen Raum unterhaltsame, größtenteils unpolitische Kleinkunstprogramme und bestimmte Arten von Unterhaltungssendungen im Fernsehen und Radio."
Literaly translated:
On German language soil the term comedy (an anglicism) is understood as entertaining, to a large extent unpolitical small art programs and special kinds of entertaining broadcasts in television and radio.
German is the language of multiple meaning! Don't believe Stewart Lee, ask a general linguist. There is only little problem to use the words "endlösung" (final solution) or "bis zur vergasung" (until gasing) in an every day German language conversation without referring to the Holocaust, some dozens average words contain "führer". Many words get their meaning only from context (e.g. sky/heaven, geist).
Some months ago a young German comedian asked a candidate in a TV-show to color her hair orange. She did and then he told her: "You look pretty old for your age" (Du siehst ganz schön alt aus für dein Alter). In German there is - on the first view - only one word for "old" and "age" and "age" looks a little bit like "more old". The comdeian apologised after the show and offered to pay 1.0000 Euro but was sued by this woman to pay 25,000 Euro and finaly had to pay 6.000 Euro because of this "insult". The judge told the press, the sentence above would have been a "heavy personality injury" ("schwere Persönlichkeitsverletzung") - this is (even in the difficult German language with all those crazy compound words) rank nonsense - but no one all over Germany noticed, complained or laughed.
* Hmmm a good number of Germans DO laugh very heartily at some variants of British humour - Monty Python is cult, and some Winston Churchill bon-mots are often quoted. It seems, however, judging from your assessment, that the British are quite unable to laugh at our jokes - now who is really lacking humour here? :D
* What are you trying to tell us to quote from the German "Comedy"? This word in German simply has not the same meaning as it has in the English language where we borrowed it from. English comedy can be quite correctly translated as Komödie, meaning both the drama form and more general funny plots. The German Comedy however means more specifically the plotless stage show performed by comedians, and has been "imported" as a modern, televisable art form from the USA, not from Britain.
* I agree that the German language does lend itself to various forms of puns and word play. I am no linguist to assess whether this is more or less so than in English.
* Ah and that old infatuation with nazi terminology that today is so massively more popular in England than in Germany! There's a nice joke even, exploiting the "führer"-thing: Der Führer war ein armes Schwein | er hatte keinen Führerschein (the Führer was a poor pig, he didn't have a driver's license). :-D
* Now to Oliver Pocher and his insults... I don't know if you are a native German speaker. If not, then let me explain: In some German "tribes" (I might mention the people of Köln or Berlin), funny insults have an old and esteemed tradition - you insult someone in a slightly bizarre way, he or she insults you back, and both are happy fellows. The trick is to overdo the insult, or say something that is obviously unwarranted (and both know that you), or exaggerate the rhethoric. Some TV comedians do this all the time, with general success; they are sometimes even likened to some British "black" humourists. Oliver Pocher, however, is one personality, who sometimes forgets the bizarre and funny in his insults. He seems to think that an insult as such is funny, provided his victim doesn't stand a real chance to react in kind. That particular incident you are telling - well, yes, possibly there could have been a pun intended, but very likely it wasn't (Pocher is not known for subtlety). The sentence Sie sehen alt aus für ihr Alter simply is one that everybody has used before, meaning something quite specific: There's a difference between apparent and objective age. This difference is so utterly obvious to any native speaker, that the sentence can not, in a linguistic sense, be said to contain a pun - unless you actively prompt your audience to reflect upon a simplistic interpretation of the individual words. This, Pocher failed to do. Pocher is a bad comedian, you can't tell from the way he speaks when he intends to mean something funny while saying something perfectly bland and normal. If it was meant as a joke, it was a dull joke badly told. See, I could call you an asshole on British TV and think to myself "ooh just picture a donkey with a big hole in it - isn't that funny?", and then wonder why you are not laughing. But hmmm maybe I should have dropped a hint somewhere that I may have meant for you to reflect on the (rather trivial and dull) fact that ass origially means donkey and not arse, even though today it more often means just that. --EMaraite 21:52, 22 July 2006 (UTC)
Turkish-German humor
Not mentioned are jokes about the Turkish-German relationship. One goes like: Little Ali (or any satisfyingly stereotypical Turkish male name) scores best in his German class test. The teacher tells him that from now on, he is a German. Little Ali goes home and proudly tells his father, who beats him up consequently. So Ali goes out crying, where he runs into a friend. "What's up, Ali?" (using made-up Turkish accent is vital! - "Was'los, Alder?") "You see, I've been German for two hours now, and already have trouble with Turkish people." This joke is really not only on Turkish people, but on the relationship between nationals, and is commonly told by Germans AND by Turkish people.
There is also an act that constructs a double-bind situation with a Turkish stud threatening violence to a (German) man who accidentally looked at his girl-friend, instrumenting stereotypes of Turkish/Arab culture. "Did you just look at my girl-friend?!" - "No, I didn't." - "Do you think she's ugly?!" - "No, no. She's beautiful." - "So you did look at her?!" - "Well, yes, I did, but I'm not at all interested in her!" - "Are you gay?..."
<IP_ADDRESS> 18:02, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
* Wo geht's hier nach Aldi? - Zu Aldi! - Was, schon sechs? / in English roughly: What's the way after Aldi's? - To Aldi's! What - already six? Necessary information: "Zu" means both "closed" and "to", yet a grammatically correct sentence would need even in colloquial language a "Aldi ist zu" in this order. > --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:02, 5 April 2010 (UTC)
humor about Holocaust / Third Reich
Such jokes may be mistaken for being antisemitic, so I going to introduce this. I do not have a proper source for it, but take my word as a German: There are Germans with intelligent humor, but they are not at all into politics. Any German person ever being involved in any kind of political attitude has no humor at all. This concerns, of course, the right wing, but also the left wing, and in fact the entire political spectrum. Therefore, joking about the Holocaust in a seemingly antisemitic way really is not. Period. Having said this, there are two modest examples I can think of.
Many German boys like to joke about the very things there parents are being so over-politically correct about. So they tell each other very stupid jokes like "How man Jews participated in the 1936 Olympic games?" (you can imagine where it goes from here) until one of them suddenly says aloud: "I really cannot laugh about cruel jokes like that! My grandfather died in a concentration camp!" - and when everybody is turning to him (best case: it happens to be in a classroom, with totally unwitting girls around), he says, in a sobbing voice: "It's true. He was... drunk... and fell from watch tower."
The other example I acutally heard from Jewish people, but it's more a joke on the total and rigid political correctness that German society is abusing to keep from real insight. It goes like "What is the highpoint of antifashism?" answer: "That's when Jews are made out of soap!" <IP_ADDRESS> 18:21, 5 October 2006 (UTC)
Better try Front Deutscher Äpfel. Polentario (talk) 16:01, 13 June 2010 (UTC)
* I actually wanted to add the one about the drunk grandfather on the watchtower. So I will add this one about racism in Germany: "How do you call an African who pilots an airplane" - "A pilot, you racist, what is wrong with you?!"
* As a German I am expected to explain every pun to near obviousness, so: This joke draws it's pun on the receiver's expectation to be faced with blatant racism after hearing this. The surprising turn-around happens when the sender makes fun of this expectation and turns the whole heading around to a "Stiller Vorwurf" (a silent accusation) implying that it is actually the reciever who needed to think of racial stereotypes to complete the challenge, when in fact every man who pilots a plane is called a pilot. This social akwardness is intented and points out to the elephant-in-the-room-situation that is common about jokes on a subject like the Third Reich: day-to-day racism does exist and is largely considered a "Stimmungstöter" (a mood killer) when brought up in a casual situation. Another, much more risqué example is the one-phraser "One good thing we should never forget about Hitler, is... that he was actually the guy who succeded in killing Hitler!" But seriously, when in doubt, do not mention the war. -- <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:13, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
German-Russian humor of North Dakota
I occasionally stumbled upon this text: IMO info from it deserves incorporation into the w-article (I already added this ref). `'Míkka 04:54, 26 July 2007 (UTC)
* "It's almost Comedy Central: German humor has ties to the past..." By Paulette Tobin, published in the Grand Forks Herald, August 22, 1999, page E1
Is this article relevant
A lot of it seems like typical British stereotyping. My own anecdotal experience is different. Any ground in truth and/or a reputable source?—Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:00, August 29, 2007 (UTC) I've just added some more depth to the negative perception of German humour, including by adding a culture section and slightly expanding on the language section. I've added a couple of references but there needs to be more analysis of German humour, including examples of modern comedians and their comedic style. I might get round to that if I have time! MathiasFox (talk) 21:43, 23 February 2008 (UTC)
Personally I'm surprised there's an article at all.--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:02, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
I lol'd at that last comment. You must be a Brit :) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:03, 16 August 2010 (UTC)
I'm surprised the article was this long. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:15, 16 October 2010 (UTC)
This article is more a testimony to wikipedia having a sense of humour than a useful resource about its subject. So very relevant indeed. Well done! Stephanwehner (talk) 21:45, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
"Schadenfreude" and "Comedy"
I changed the definition of "Comedy" in the article. "Schadenfreude" has nothing to do with the definition of it. Additionally "Schadenfreude" isn't part of German humour as to call it "typical German". Schadenfreude got more and more popular in Germany due to British and American slapstick influencing German comedy and adoption of foreign gaming shows. Slaptstick, which is the epitome of Schadenfreude, is not typical German and not part of major traditional German humour as it is of other countries. - <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:23, 31 December 2008 (UTC)
Lack of humour...
This article lacks a very essential part of humour in Germany, namely that of political humour and satire - Germany has a most vivid Kabarett scene... —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:07, 7 January 2010 (UTC)
Well, the Germans call it "Kabarett", but actually it is more like communist propaganda shows. It is not funny at all. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:26, 18 January 2012 (UTC)
German grammar is less flexible?
in comparison to english grammar? i doubt that. you can reorder german sentences almost any way you like. this statement should be reformulated or deleted. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:53, 13 March 2010 (UTC)
German syntax is MUCH more flexible than its English counterpart. Ask any linguist, doesn't even have to be a German. Statement should be deleteted. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:39, 17 July 2010 (UTC)
Yeah clearly this person was just a stupid Germanophile trying to cut his favorite nationality some slack with this excuse...
* German grammar and sentence forming is in general more flexible with it's four grammatical cases. English grammar is not more flexible, it is more unclear (one can say it's underdeveloped among european languages with slavic languages being even more exact than german language) which allows some kind of puns. Nevertheless english sentences are not as flexible as german one's; they are not in matter of keeping a sense, that's the joke! Some aspects of german language are completely unknown in english language: It is possible to split and reorder compound nouns and verbs. Laubsägen is not Laub sägen; do Zitronenfalter fold Zitronen? The truth is may be that british puns are just one type of wordplays possible in german language. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:26, 14 September 2010 (UTC)
Either way this is an Encyclopaedia and not a contest, neither language should be stated as superior to the other.
"English-language jokes do not translate well because German grammar is more flexible and exact in matter of keeping a sense.[4]"
Both languages profit from similar flexibility in sentence structure. Due to the wide spread use of English as a second language such structures are simply forgotten about.
"It does not allow a sentence to be reordered so as to delay the punchline, one of the most common joke formats for English speakers.[4]"
This contradicts the previous sentence as it implies that reordering to achieve a delayed punchline is a common English feature that does not translate into the less flexible German language. Thus this implies the exact opposite to the previous statement.
"However German language has a more flexible but commonly understandable wording especially by neologisms, cacography and compounds."
the fact that all of the three linguistic techniques listed are listed in English shows that both languages are perfectly capable of these. In fact reading all three articles, there is not a single mentioning of such constructs being language specific. Just because there are English words partly adopted into the German language doesn't mean there is no equivalence in English (see List of German expressions in English)
"New entities are named by creating compounds, sometimes resulting in extremely long words.[4]"
Have a look at Longest word in English
"German grammar also allows to split compounds when reordering a sentence leading often to another sense and allowing some type of puns that are unknown in English language."
There is plenty of examples showing this again is possible in both languages, (see "Englishman" and "english man" or "Assemblywomen" and "assembly women").
"German humor is more prone to make use of local dialects, customs and varieties, which are abundant but less easy to translate."
This is simply not true, of course we know People like Mario Bath, Paul Panzer or Cindy aus Mazan. What about Jason Manford, Billy Connolly or even Lee Nelson.
"German political and social Kabarett on the other side has some kind of highbrow humor."
The comparison made shows that both languages allow low level and trickier more sophisticated humor.
I think it is fair to say that both languages have a similar way of bringing joy and laughter. Jokes simply barely ever translate well. I will start changing at least the introduction.
DrGranit (talk) 12:48, 7 April 2011 (UTC)
I (a Dutch speaker, fluent in English, notions of German) must say that English is more "flexible" in the sense that it is easier to have double meanings. "Fruit flies like a banana". Translating this in German with their four cases would have to choose between one of the two possible meaning in English, taking the joke away. Though I am not sure if "flexibility" is a good term for less ambigue...
(Hey, I think you forgot to sign off up there! I'm someone else.)
I'm an American, have a degree in German, studied Dutch, and taught Spanish at the university level. I think the Guardian article says more about the stick Brits of a certain class keep stuck up their bloomin' arses than what it says about Germans. I once dated a Chilean woman who told me "Our jokes are different from American jokes because we use a lot of double meanings". If you think speakers of other languages can't make jokes because all their words have exactly one meaning, you're painfully stupid and they're probably laughing at you, not with you. Bundesverfassungsgericht = Federal constitutional court? "Gericht" can mean also mean "culinary dish", not just "court of justice". "Zug" means both "train" and "draft" (as pointed out by Mark Twain, I believe.) "Zaepfchen" means both "uvula" and "suppository". "Dichtung" means "gasket" and "poetry". And the ever popular "Mutterkuchen" ("mother cake") actually mean "placenta". That Germans lack flexibility in word order -- I wish the Guardian would pay me to pontificate with such profound ignorance. It is a general principle that highly inflected languages like German permit flexible word order, while less inflected languages rely on order to convey grammatical function. Anyway, the punchline is the last sentence of the joke, not the last word. Just ax the reference to the Guardian article, and anything derived from it.
Rexdwyer (talk) 03:44, 1 August 2011 (UTC)
* Well, as a point of national honor (just kidding): Fruit flies like a banana allows of just one sensible meaning (otherwise, it would be A fruit etc. and - what do you mean?). But we do can say (just quoting a standard): Warum fährt der Bundespräsident nicht mit dem Zug zu Terminen? Weil da der Schaffner immer sagt: "Bitte zurücktreten!" (Why does the President not go to appointments by train? Because the service personnel keep announcing: "Please abdicate", to wit please stand back.) Now that could even be said to be about a recent political event:-) On the contrary, in Bavaria, the same sentence is (really) always: "Bitte zurückbleiben". Or rather: "B'deee - zruckbleim." Why? Because in Bavaria the only reigning party is the CSU, you do not need to zurücktreten. I once invented myself (no guarantee of originality, though) the joke: "Abteilung kehrt", wenn I was a Bundeswehr draftee and engaged in "room and area purifying" (to wit, cleaning). Abteilung kehrt is the official command for: "Formation - turn around", but it can also be short for "the people around here are bothering." [Is that the right word? I mean the thing you use broomsticks to.] A confession to a third party that you love a certain girl, "Ich liebe sie", I love her, can be quite misunderstood as well (to "Ich liebe Sie", I love you). And so on. :-) --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:04, 13 March 2012 (UTC)
* By the way, as to the long words: Writing Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaftskapitänskajütenreinigungsmatrose or Danube Steamship Navigation Company skipper cabin cleaning bluejacket is just a matter of orthography. The two languages are actually at one as far as compounds go! Only in English there are empty-spaces (and sometimes, no empty spaces); in German there are none. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 13:16, 8 March 2013 (UTC)
antisemitic public humor
There is a special anglicism in germany (like a unwritten "law"), that jokes about Turkish people or other foreigners only by a member of these groups (i.E. a Turkish Men) can made in public with political correctness. So typical in TV jokes about Turkish people (lives in Germany) is made by a Turkish Men (live in Germany). If a "German" make jokes about this group it understand as not political correct, antisemitic and its possible he get negative feedback. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:45, 16 March 2011 (UTC)
* It's the same in Britain. Only Jewish people are allowed to make Jewish jokes and only Irish people (e.g. the late Dave Allen) are allowed to make Irish jokes. Biscuittin (talk) 11:50, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
* Bullshit. Many German comedians make jokes e.g. about the Holocaust and about Turkish immigrants. You should pay better attention and read less propaganda. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:33, 14 November 2012 (UTC)
Neutrality tag
Was the neutrality tag added by a humourless German or a politically-correct Brit? Biscuittin (talk) 11:45, 8 May 2011 (UTC)
* Indented line Check the history? Stephanwehner (talk) 21:42, 26 December 2011 (UTC)
Relationship to Dutch/Flemish humour?
Many of the jokes literally exist in Dutch. For instance, the "Fritzchen" joke exists literally in Dutch, with "Fritzchen" being the equivalent of "Jantje" ("Johnny" or a kid named "John"). A farmer's joke would be: "Als de melk smaakt naar stront, is de koe ongezond." (if the milk tasts like shit then the cow is unhealthy) of "Wie tegenwind z'n akker bemest draagt best een bruin vest." (he who fertilizes his field in a headwind is advised to wear a brown coat) Even the last antiwitz has an almost literal translation: "Wat is het verschil tussen een berg? - Je bent er sneller over dan te voet!" | WIKI |
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Opinion | Britain’s Appalling Transgender ‘Debate’
Jennifer Finney Boylan Contributing Opinion Writer Hold on to your crown jewels, members of Parliament: Caitlyn Jenner will address the House of Commons on Wednesday. The talk is part of a series of lectures on the importance of diversity; other speeches have come from the British actors Riz Ahmed and Idris Elba. Ms. Jenner, the former Olympic athlete and reality show star, will be speaking in Westminster about the issue of gender identity and the heavy burdens carried by trans people worldwide. You could reasonably ask whether Caitlyn Jenner is the right person to address Parliament on this issue, and many advocates are doing just that; she was, after all, an early enthusiast of Donald Trump, the biggest disaster for trans people in decades. But that’s not what unsettled me when I first learned of her speech. What gave me the willies was the news that she’d also be participating in Tuesday night’s “Genderquake: The Debate,” which ran on Britain’s Channel 4, the sponsor of the diversity lecture at Westminster. On that show, she debated the legitimacy of transgender experience with, among others, the feminist icon Germaine Greer — a woman who over the years has said no small number of heartless things about trans people, including, “I’ve asked my doctor to give me long ears and liver spots and I’m going to wear a brown coat, but that won’t turn me into a cocker spaniel.” I deeply resent the idea that my identity gets to be “debated” in the first place. I’m not alone in this; a number of activists in Britain protested the show for this very reason. (Others boycotted it because of Ms. Jenner herself.) As Dr. Adrian Harrop — a trans advocate who declined an invitation to be part of the show — told the website Pink News: “This debate is not about incorporating trans people into mainstream society and improving their lives and making sure they can access and engage with society on a meaningful level. This is a very basic debate around whether existing as a trans person is a valid, legitimate way to live one’s life.” I understand that trans people participate in these public whippings in hopes of opening the hearts of strangers. But I’ve begun to wonder whether this work sometimes is self-defeating. As James Thurber once wrote, “You might as well fall flat on your face as lean over too far backward.” And bending over backward is how I would have described an attempt to open the hearts of adherents — like Ms. Greer — of the subset of feminism now populated by people that some trans activists call “terfs,” or trans-exclusionary radical feminists, who reject the idea that trans women know who they are. Journalists love to write clever think pieces about terfs and about the supposedly droll question, what makes a woman? (It is worth asking why the identities of trans men, whose numbers are by some counts considerably larger than that of trans women, are almost never interrogated in these pieces.) Strangely, during Tuesday’s “debate,” Ms. Greer denied having ever said anything critical about transgender women, ever, and seemed to express a newfound respect for non-binary identities. It wasn’t clear, at least to me, whether she was gaslighting her audience or whether her views had genuinely evolved. One of the panelists noted, “She doesn’t know what she thinks,” and it was hard to disagree. But anyone who thinks that Ms. Greer’s about-face created an atmosphere of conciliation and understanding should get used to disappointment. In the wake of her retreat, some audience members began to heckle and yell at the panel members, and the discussion turned into a melee of trans people trying to talk while other individuals (who presumably shared Ms. Greer’s earlier views) shouted schoolyard taunts at them like, as one panelist described it, “a bunch of 5-year-olds.” I wasn’t surprised. This is what happens when we act as if the humanity of vulnerable, marginalized people is up for debate. But transgender people don’t need any more think pieces about the legitimacy of our lives. What we need, and what we deserve, is justice, and compassion, and love. What we need is freedom from violence, and protection from homelessness, and the right not to lose our jobs, or our children, or our lives. I don’t know whether I have ever spoken or written a word about my identity that has had half the effect of simply living my life publicly and without shame. At long last, I have landed on a new strategy for refuting the ideas of people who think I don’t exist. I refute them by existing. At the end of the “Genderquake” program, Ms. Jenner said, by way of conclusion: “We have to create a more loving society. We have to celebrate the differences in people. Show love toward one another.” The audience booed. And yet somehow, in the wake of that, Ms. Jenner and the other transgender people on the panel failed to disappear. Instead, they continued to exist — with dignity and courage and love. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Photuris (protocol)
In computer networking, Photuris is a session key management protocol defined in RFC 2522.
Photuris is the Latin name of a genus of fireflies native to North America that mimic the signals of other firefly species. The name was chosen as a reference to the (classified) FIREFLY key exchange protocol developed by the National Security Agency and used in the STU-III secure telephone, which is believed to operate by similar principles. | WIKI |
Senate overwhelmingly passes 9/11 victim fund bill, 97-2
The Senate passed the 9/11 Victim Compensation Fund through 2092 by a vote of 97-2 according to NBC News, virtually funding health care for 9/11 victims and first responders for life. The bill was approved on Tuesday afternoon, having overwhelmingly passed the House 402-12 on July 12. The fund, created after 9/11 in 2001, distributed over $7 billion to victims and their families through 2004. It was reactivated in 2011 and reauthorized for another five years in 2015. The fund was set to expire in December 2020. Comedian and former host of "The Daily Show" Jon Stewart garnered national headlines last month when he emotionally addressed lawmakers to approve funding before it expired in 2020. Stewart excoriated members of the House Judiciary Committee for using the bill as a political football in appropriations debates and failing to fund it indefinitely. Funding for the new bill is guaranteed through 2092, essentially providing for 9/11 first responders for life. "We can never repay all that the 9/11 community has done for our country, but we can stop penalizing them," Stewart told reporters on Tuesday. "And today is that day that they can exhale." The floor vote comes after Sen. Rand Paul blocked unanimous passage of the bill last Wednesday, criticizing the legislation for failing to offset the funding by eliminating wasteful spending elsewhere. The bill now heads to the White House for President Donald Trump's signature, who is expected to sign it. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Talk:snowball's chance in hell
Slang
I hold that this is slang. Not only by hell, but also: is it proper to write? It isn't literary. Not yet. --VKokielov 18:12, 22 April 2006 (UTC)
Etymology
Should this entry have an etymology? It would says something like "hell is very hot, so a snowball would melt very quickly: having very little chance of keeping its identity as an extant snowball." --Spunionztastic (talk) 07:40, 17 July 2018 (UTC)
* Some people use etymology sections that way, but I think so long as we have the usage note, which explains much the same thing, we don't really need an etymology. — Soap — 17:10, 30 June 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
A 'Sesame Street' Muppet shares her mother's struggle with addiction
(CNN)One of "Sesame Street's" tiny, young Muppets is dealing with a big, adult issue as part of an effort to help families dealing with substance abuse. Sesame Workshop, the organization that produces the beloved children's show, has created a series of videos that features 6-year-old Karli talking to her friends about her mom's struggle with addiction. Karli came to "Sesame Street" in May to stay with a foster family because her mother was "having a hard time." In the latest videos, she tells Elmo, Abby Cadabby and other friends that her mom had to go away for treatment and that she's now in recovery. Karli told Elmo that her mom goes to meetings every day to help her stay healthy. "My mom needs help learning to take better care of herself," she said in one video. "So she talks to people with the same problem." Karli says she goes to a special meeting for kids where they can share their experiences. In a statement, Sesame Workshop said that about 5.7 million children under age 11 in the United States live in households with a parent with a substance abuse disorder. That's one in eight kids, and doesn't include children who aren't living with a parent due to separation or divorce, incarceration or death as a result of their addiction. "For children who connect to Karli, hearing, 'It's not your fault -- you are not alone, and there are safe people and places that can help,' opens a path to hope and healing," Jerry Moe, national director of the Hazelden Betty Ford Children's Program, said in the statement. He was one of the advisers for the initiative. The site has resources and activities for children and caregivers in English and Spanish. It also introduces Karli to a 10-year-old girl named Salia, who shares what it has been like for her and her little sisters as their parents dealt with their addictions. "I'm proud of Mom and Dad for asking for help, and not using drugs or alcohol anymore. And they're proud of me, for just being me," she said in the video. Sesame Workshop says it wants children to know that they're not alone and to give them tools to help cope with the difficult feelings they're having if their parents are suffering from addiction. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
GK Reid
GK Reid is an American producer, known for his work with celebrities from David Bowie to Rihanna and Lady Gaga, producing numerous films, music videos, ads, marketing campaigns and commercials, for his innovative creative direction and regenerative fashion design and social good impact projects. Constantly working around the world, he was raised between sword-fighting school with Nahangs in India, and learning healing arts with his Curandera mother in New Mexico, before moving to New York.
Career
GK Reid is known for his work with magazines including V Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, "New York Times magazine", Vanity Fair, GQ, Interview, Flaunt, Vogue, Rolling Stone, and i.D. and has styled numerous ad campaigns for L'Oreal, Pepsi, Hugo Boss and fashion shows.
He works as producer, creative director and production designer on films and commercials. His work won 2 Gold Lions at Cannes Festival of Creativity for Digital Death/TBWA for a video and stills campaign against AIDS. His work also won the top 4 awards at the Fashion Film Festival La Jolla at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, including "Best Picture" for his work as Producer and "Best Fashion" for his work as Costume Designer, and won "Best of Fest" at the Princeton Film Festival 2015, for "Legend of Lady White Snake" sponsored by MAC. GK Reid's designs for the film were exhibited in the windows of Barney's New York, at the Fashion Institute of Technology NY and at The Lincoln Center NY. The film was shown at SHOWstudio Cabinet London, the Pompidou Center Paris, the Australian Center for the Moving Image and the Lincoln Center.
Reid has worked with directors and photographers Peter Lindbergh, Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, Matthew Rolston Markus Klinko and Indrani, Anthony Mandler, Michael Haussman, James Mangold, Abel Ferrara, Diane Martel David LaChappelle Floria Sigismondi and in front of the camera with Steven Klein and Mario Testino.
His commercial clients include L'Oreal, Barney's New York, DeBeers, Hugo Boss, Shiseido, MAC, Puma, Nike and Pepsi.
Press
Reid has received much press for his work. GK appeared on VH1's "The Short List" as an expert on Lady Gaga's style. He was one of the main subjects of the Bravo docu-series Double Exposure. Bravo follows him as he works closely with celebrities to express their inner selves through fashion that he finds around the world, and he is also cited as "the voice of reason" who keeps photo shoots and films on track. Double Exposure airs in the US on Bravo, and in over 100 countries around the world including Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica, China, India, Thailand, Denmark, Canada and others.
Special Projects
GK Reid produced a 6 part series on Bravo TV / NBC, called Double Exposure, for which he brought onboard Lady Gaga, Kim Kardashian, Lindsay Lohan, and Armie Hammer. He produced and styled the shoots, and designed costumes and accessories for Lady Gaga, for a series of photographs in homage to Hello Kitty, for Lady Gaga's The Fame Deluxe edition, Lady Gaga's "Book of Gaga" 2009, and for Hello Kitty's 35th anniversary campaign, photographed by Markus Klinko and Indrani. Reid designed a "dress completely made from toy versions of the cartoon-style cat" in only 2 hours. As well as shoes from lip glosses. This shoot and Reid's creation of the gown for Gaga is the subject of an episode of American fashion television series Double Exposure, on Bravo which has aired in over 100 countries, and the outfit was spoofed on the TV show Glee.
GK Reid produced shoots, designed for and styled Daphne Guinness for fashion magazines including the London Sunday Times, the New York Times Magazine, Muse Magazine the Observer, for the ad campaign for Daphne Guinness' Barneys New York window performance art piece, and for the film "The Legend of Lady White Snake: A Fashion Tribute to Alexander McQueen". These are featured in the "Daphne Guinness Exhibition" at the Museum at the Fashion Institute from September through January 2012, and in her book "Daphne Guinness." Reid was executive producer, production designer and wardrobe designer on the film "Legend of Lady White Snake" which won "Best Fashion," "Best Visual Effects," "Best Director" and "Best Film" at the world's largest Fashion Film Festival at La Jolla, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego.
GK styled Rihanna's album covers for "Good Girl Gone Bad" and "Umbrella". Reid has styled Anne Hathaway, Katie Holmes, Eva Mendes, Julianne Moore, Mary J. Blige, Lindsay Lohan, and supermodels Naomi Campbell and Iman for magazine covers.
In 2004 GK was the creative director of a collaboration with author Neil Gaiman and artist Yoshitaka Amano in collaboration with David Bowie and Iman as sci-fi characters, for "The Return of the Thin White Duke" a portion of which was published in [V Magazine].
He has produced, styled and designed costumes for Jennifer Lopez for her album covers, music videos, and Billboard cover, Beyoncé for campaigns including L'Oreal, Kim Kardashian, Alicia Keys, Janelle Monáe, Jaden Smith and Willow Smith, and First Lady of France Carla Bruni-Sarkozy. Reid is responsible for Mariah Carey's transformation for her best-selling album The Emancipation of Mimi and was the costume designer for her perfume commercial directed by Peter Lindbergh. GK produced and styled Tim Gunn for the cover of his book "Tim Gunn: A Guide to Quality Taste and Style", Ryan Seacrest, Kanye West, Usher, Elijah Wood, Val Kilmer, Puff Daddy for music videos, and David Bowie for several album covers and magazines including covers of Rolling Stone and GQ. Reid was the producer and costume designer for David Bowie's music video "Valentine's Day" in which Bowie explores the mind of high school shooter.
GK was producer and EP of the Pepsi short film "Crescendo" featuring music by Jetta produced by Pharrell Williams, set in Rajasthan India, and described by Kyle Hodge of Complex Magazine as "A fun, colorful journey intertwining realism and fantasy through the streets of...India."
GK was a producer of "Girl Rising India -- Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi" film and campaign with Priyanka Chopra, Amitabh Bachchan, Freida Pinto, Alia Bhatt, Kareena Kapoor, Parineeti Chopra, Nandita Das, Madhuri Dixit and Sushmita Sen all of whom GK also designed the fashions for and styled. | WIKI |
User:Mediatrainer/sandbox
International Media Institute of India
Set to open in October 2009 in the Delhi suburb of Noida, the International Media Institute of India is the first post-graduate journalism program in India to offer simultaneous multi-platform training to its students. It is affiliated with the City University of New York's Graduate School of Journalism and the International Center for Journalists | WIKI |
Page:The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1926).djvu/631
“Because it would not go with your honour.” He murmured, Justifying
“You prefer mine always before your own,” and then sprang the means
energetically to his feet, saying, ‘" Now, Sirs, praise God and work.” 4. Ix. 18 In three hours we had settled time-tables, and arranged for our
successors here in Aba el Lissan, with their spheres and duties.
I took my leave. Joyce had just returned to us from Egypt, and
Feisal promised that he would come, with him and Marshall, to
Azrak to join me on the twelfth at latest. All the camp was happy
as | got into a Rolls tender and set off northward, hoping yet to rally
the Rualla under Nuri Shaalan in time for our attack on Deraa.
yy mh ) ath ESSE hl} | WIKI |
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