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Metro States Media
Metro States Media, Inc. was a publication company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The company was owned by Dennis Riordan. It published TechWeek (till November 27, 2000) and NurseWeek (till August 14, 2016). NurseWeek was a magazine for registered nurses who resided in 20 U.S. states. | WIKI |
List of cities and towns in Gurdaspur district
Gurdaspur district (Doabi:ਗੁਰਦਸਪੂਰ ਜ਼ਿਲਾ) is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal district of the Pakistani Punjab, Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir, the Punjab districts of Amritsar and Hoshiarpur, and Chamba and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh. Two main rivers, the Beas and the Ravi, pass through the district. The Mughal emperor Akbar is said to have been enthroned in a garden near Kalanaur, a historically important town in the district. The district is in the foothills of the Himalayas.
Cities and Towns
* Achal
* Batala
* Bhaini mian khan
* Bharath
* Bharoli Kalan
* Borewala Afghana
* Buche Nangal
* Budha The
* Chhina
* Dadwan
* Dera Baba Nanak
* Dhariwal
* Dina Nagar
* Dorangla
* Dula Nangal
* Fatehgarh Churian
* Ghuman
* Ghuman Khurd
* Gosal Afghana
* Gosal Zimidaran
* Gurdaspur
* Janial
* Jogowal Jattan
* Kahnuwan
* Kala Afghana
* Kalanaur
* Kaler Kalan
* Kathiali
* Khaira
* Ladha Munda
* Mann Sandwal
* Mastkot
* Mian Kot
* Naserke
* Parowal
* Qadian
* Rangar Nangal
* Ranjit Bagh
* Rattangarh
* Sri Hargobindpur
* Talwandi Virk
* Tibber
* Umarpura | WIKI |
Category:Prison museums in Northern Ireland
Prisons and Gaols in Northern Ireland which no longer functions as such and can be visited by the public | WIKI |
Balys Sruoga
Balys Sruoga (February 2, 1896 – October 16, 1947) was a Lithuanian poet, playwright, critic, and literary theorist.
Early life
He contributed to cultural journals from his early youth. His works were published by the liberal wing of the Lithuanian cultural movement, and also in various Lithuanian newspapers and other outlets (such as Aušrinė, Rygos naujienos etc.). In 1914, he began studying literature in Saint Petersburg, and later in Moscow, due to World War I and the Russian Revolution. In 1921, he enrolled in the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where in 1924 he received his Ph.D for a doctoral thesis on Lithuanian folklore. Sruoga was also the first translator of Anna Akhmatova's poetry, which he likely completed between November 1916 and early 1917.
After returning to Lithuania, Sruoga taught at the University of Lithuania, and established a theater seminar that eventually became a course of study. He also wrote various articles on literature. From 1930 he began writing dramas, first Milžino paunksmė, later Radvila Perkūnas, Baisioji naktis and Aitvaras teisėjas. In 1939, he began teaching at Vilnius University. After the Soviet annexation of Lithuania, Sruoga wrote a pro Soviet cantata welcoming the new Soviet government.
The forest of the Gods
Sruoga's best known work is the novel Forest of the Gods, based on his own life experiences as a prisoner in Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo, Free City of Danzig now present-day Nowy Dwór Gdański County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, where he was sent in March 1943 together with forty-seven other Lithuanian intellectuals after the Nazis started a campaign against possible anti-Nazi agitation in occupied Lithuania.
In the book, Sruoga revealed life in a concentration camp through the eyes of a man whose only way to save his life and maintain his dignity was to view everything through a veil of irony and humor, where torturers and their victims are exposed as imperfect human beings, being far removed from the false ideals of their political leaders. For example, he wrote "A man is not a machine. He gets tired.", referring to the guards beating prisoners.
Originally the novel was suppressed by the Soviet officials; it was ultimately published in 1957, ten years after the author's death.
In 2005, a movie with the same title as the book was released. The film Forest of the Gods became the most profitable film released after Lithuania restored its independence.
Later life
After the Soviets liberated the Nazi camps, Sruoga continued to be held in the same camp. However, in 1945, he returned to Vilnius and continued teaching at Vilnius University, where he wrote the dramas Pajūrio kurortas and Barbora Radvilaitė.
The authorities' refusal to publish Forest of The Gods and weak health resulting from his time in concentration camps led to his death in October 16, 1947. He succumbed during his return journey from Kaunas to Vilnius due to complications arising from a cold. The 2005 film Forest of the Gods was based on the book. | WIKI |
Bahramdun Adil Bahramdun Adil - 1 year ago 378
Java Question
SURF and SIFT algorithms doesn't work in OpenCV 3.0 Java
I am using OpenCV 3.0 (the latest version) in Java, but when I use SURF algorithm or SIFT algorithm it doesn't work and throws Exception which says:
OpenCV Error: Bad argument (Specified feature detector type is not supported.) in cv::javaFeatureDetector::create
I have googled, but the answers which was given to this kind of questions did not solve my problem. If anyone knows about this problem please let me know.
Thanks in advance!
Update: The code below in third line throws exception.
Mat img_object = Imgcodecs.imread("data/img_object.jpg");
Mat img_scene = Imgcodecs.imread("data/img_scene.jpg");
FeatureDetector detector = FeatureDetector.create(FeatureDetector.SURF);
MatOfKeyPoint keypoints_object = new MatOfKeyPoint();
MatOfKeyPoint keypoints_scene = new MatOfKeyPoint();
detector.detect(img_object, keypoints_object);
detector.detect(img_scene, keypoints_scene);
Answer Source
If you compile OpenCV from source, you can fix the missing bindings by editing opencv/modules/features2d/misc/java/src/cpp/features2d_manual.hpp yourself.
I fixed it by making the following changes:
(line 6)
#ifdef HAVE_OPENCV_FEATURES2D
#include "opencv2/features2d.hpp"
#include "opencv2/xfeatures2d.hpp"
#include "features2d_converters.hpp"
...(line 121)
case SIFT:
fd = xfeatures2d::SIFT::create();
break;
case SURF:
fd = xfeatures2d::SURF::create();
break;
...(line 353)
case SIFT:
de = xfeatures2d::SIFT::create();
break;
case SURF:
de = xfeatures2d::SURF::create();
break;
The only requirement is that you build opencv_contrib optional module along with your sources (you can download the git project from https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib and just set its local path on opencv's ccmake settings.
Oh, and keep in mind that SIFT and SURF are non-free software ^^; | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:R. A. Long High School
Notability
Someone named TeaDrinker removed on April 1 2007 several individuals from the "Notable" section, apparently because they were "red-inked". Just because they don't (yet) have a Wikipedia entry, does that make them "non-notable"? These were all published authors; RA Long has so few published authors despite its 80-year history that these graduates are all notable for RA Long HS. Especially EJ Taylor, whose series of children's books are not only well-known but also critically acclaimed. Just not on Wikipedia, apparently... Besides, isn't there supposed to be some kind of discussion before entries are removed? Or is this just some ludicrous April Fool prank? Farnsworth1968 23:21, 2 April 2007 (UTC)Farnsworth1968
* Thanks for bringing this to the talk page. I removed the authors of several books and one basketball player in this edit. Notability is key, and to my mind being an author is not really enough. My view is that if the author is not notable enough for their own article, they certainly are not notable enough for a list of notable alumni. To my mind, simply having written a book is not enough to make someone notable. The Notability (people) guideline contains some more information on this. I will admit, however, that I may have been a bit hasty in my determination. Looking over the list again, I probably should not have removed Urgel Wintermute, since he appears to have won a notable award for basketball. I have restored all of them while we discuss it, but I still have qualms about their notability. I am also curious if it would be possible to add sources indicating these folks attended RA Long. Thanks, --TeaDrinker 02:01, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
* I should add that discussions do preceed most substantive deletions of articles, but not usually material in articles, since that is part of editing and any material removed can be restored (see Help:Reverting). What I was looking for, more specifically, to indicate notability was published coverage beyond the work itself (reviews by notable reviewers, etc.). --TeaDrinker 02:15, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
* I don't know about the authors, but I do feel that Steve de Jarnatt should remain on there, even though there's currently not an article about him. He's directed a number of episodes of ER and Lizzie McGuire, and was recently featured in The Daily News as part of a series on semi-famous people with local ties (along with David Korten). He was also recently inducted into the RAL sports Hall of Fame.Kearby 04:02, 3 April 2007 (UTC)
Thanks for the clarification, TeaDrinker (and thanks also for the warm welcome to the Wikipedia community). I guess several of my candidates for "notable" apparently MAY not meet the guidelines. Yet. But what would you accept as sources to indicate that these individuals attended RA Long? Aside from the fact that I know them personally and can verify that they attended (those from the class of 1963 anyway). There was, BTW, a Daily News article on Darrel Bob Houston that identified him as an RA Long grad when DB: King of the Midnight Blue was published. Farnsworth1968 23:45, 3 April 2007 (UTC)Farnsworth1968
* Sorry for the delay in getting back to you. The reliable sources requirements are in reliable sources. A news article should be fine. The main thing, I hink, is to determine if they are really notable... It is tricky to defined, but some criteria are in WP:BIO, which is primarily aimed at creation of entire articles, but may have some relavent ideas. Thanks, --TeaDrinker 06:25, 10 April 2007 (UTC)
* I guess I would argue -- against current Wiki rules, apparently -- for a "relativist" approach rather than a "strict constructionist" approach to the whole notability question. These individuals would not be considered notable enough to include under the Washington State article, nor probably even in the City of Longview article, but they should be notable enough among the other graduates of R. A. Long High School...
* I realize that this is not really the forum to discuss such high-level policy issues, but I'm just kind of putting out there for a grass-roots look at it. Any comments?
* (BTW, thanks, TeaDrinker, for keeping it civil; I'm sure you've seen other talk pages that have degenerated into a series of pointless and counterproductive name-calling and I'm glad to see that this discussion is being held among adults.)
* Farnsworth1968 23:33, 14 April 2007 (UTC)Farnsworth1968
Infobox and graduation tradition
I recently updated the infobox with the name of the new principal, Rich Reeves (http://www.tdn.com/articles/2009/06/02/area_news/doc4a24c1398f288636190236.txt), and the paragraph concerning the graduation tradition of seniors handing of a small token to the principal. However, these edits were reverted for some reason. The information is accurate. Any reason the edits were reverted? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:29, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
* "rv per http://www.longview.k12.wa.us/ralong/staff/" I see now. This page is outdated. Ken Sparks and John Foges have since retired. Possibly even a few others on this list, including, of course, Jack...er, sorry, Andrew Frost. Also, [| this page] lists Rich Reeves as principle of R.A. Long. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:50, 7 September 2009 (UTC) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/PerfectDraft
The result was delete__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__. ♠PMC♠ (talk) 08:43, 27 December 2023 (UTC)
PerfectDraft
* – ( View AfD View log | edits since nomination)
Not notable, no reliable independent sources to indicate notability, just an advertisement, we don't need articles like this in the Wikipedia. Delta space 42 (talk • contribs) 14:04, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
* Note: This discussion has been included in the deletion sorting lists for the following topics: Food and drink and Products. Delta space 42 (talk • contribs) 14:04, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
* Delete: PROMO. Sourcing used is primary. What I find are press-releases. this is the best coverage in a RS, basically a guide to the thing being on sale for Black Friday and having a limited description of the product. Oaktree b (talk) 15:51, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
* Speedy Delete per G-11 Promotion/ advertising. Banks Irk (talk) 17:15, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Intravenous Cannula: A Comprehensive Guide for Medical Professionals
When it comes to intravenous (IV) therapy, choosing the right cannula is of utmost importance. IV cannulas, also known as IV catheters, play a crucial role in delivering fluids and medications directly into a patient’s bloodstream. In this blog post, we will explore the different aspects of IV cannulas, including their types, sizes, insertion techniques, and complications.
Understanding IV Cannulas
IV cannulas are thin, flexible tubes that are inserted into a patient’s vein to establish access for the delivery of fluids, blood products, or medications. They are available in various sizes and configurations, each designed for specific purposes. Let’s dive deeper into the different types of IV cannulas commonly used in medical practice:
1. Peripheral IV Cannula
The peripheral IV cannula is the most widely used type of IV catheter. It is inserted into a peripheral vein, typically in the arm or hand, and is suitable for short-term venous access. These cannulas are available in different lengths and gauges, with smaller gauges being more appropriate for fragile veins or pediatric patients.
2. Central Venous Catheter
Unlike peripheral IV cannulas, central venous catheters (CVCs) are inserted into a larger, central vein, such as the subclavian or jugular vein. CVCs allow for the administration of highly concentrated medications or fluids, as well as the measurement of central venous pressure. They are commonly used for long-term venous access and in critical care settings.
Choosing the Right Cannula Size
One of the crucial factors in successful IV therapy is selecting the appropriate cannula size. A cannula that is too small can cause problems like infiltration or occlusion, while a cannula that is too large might damage the vein or lead to discomfort for the patient. The gauge of IV cannulas determines their size, with smaller numbers indicating larger diameters.
Medical professionals need to consider several factors when selecting the ideal cannula size, including the patient’s age, medical condition, treatment requirements, and the nature of the substances being administered. Consulting infusion guidelines and considering the specific needs of each patient is essential to ensure optimal care.
Insertion Techniques
Proper cannula insertion techniques are vital to minimize the risk of complications and ensure patient comfort. While specific guidelines may vary, here are some general steps to follow when inserting an IV cannula:
1. Cleanse the insertion site thoroughly with an appropriate antiseptic solution.
2. Apply a tourniquet proximal to the selected site to enhance vein visibility and accessibility.
3. Wear gloves and use a sterile approach when handling the cannula.
4. Insert the cannula at a shallow angle with the bevel facing upwards.
5. Once flashback of blood is observed, advance the cannula slightly further into the vein.
6. Secure the cannula in place using an adhesive dressing or securement device.
Preventing Complications
While IV cannulas are generally safe, they can occasionally lead to complications. Some potential complications include infection, phlebitis, infiltration, extravasation, and air embolism. To minimize these risks, healthcare professionals should follow strict aseptic techniques, regularly assess the cannula insertion site, and promptly address any signs of complications.
Conclusion
Intravenous cannulas are essential tools in modern healthcare, enabling the safe and efficient administration of fluids and medications. By understanding the different types, sizes, insertion techniques, and potential complications associated with IV cannulas, medical professionals can improve patient care and reduce the likelihood of adverse events. Remember to always consult the latest guidelines and recommendations to ensure optimal IV therapy practices.
Leave a Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Reply Hunk
Hey guys, I'm a cool dude who lives in Tampa,Florida. I started this account to contribute to the betterment of society, so please don't hate. I'll reply to all questions ;) and I'm a Post-WWII (1950's) fan boy. | WIKI |
Allianz Australian unit to refund customers for insurance mis-selling
Aug 27 (Reuters) - The Australian unit of Germany’s Allianz SE will refund more than A$8 million ($5.40 million) to customers who were mis-sold consumer credit insurance (CCI) premiums, Australia’s investment regulator said on Tuesday. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission’s (ASIC) said Allianz Australia Insurance Ltd will refund more than 15,000 consumers for a variety of products, including mortgage and loan protection policies. “Disappointingly, our work on the sale of CCI has highlighted widespread mis-selling and poor product design,” ASIC Commissioner Sean Hughes said in a statement. Representatives of Allianz did not immediately respond to a request for comment. The enforced refund is the latest in a growing list of penalties and remediation orders slapped on Australia’s financial institutions in the wake of a Royal Commission inquiry into the banking sector that uncovered sweeping mispractice. ASIC said Allianz incorrectly sold insurance cover to people ineligible to claim for unemployment or disability, and death cover to customers under 21 years of age who were unlikely to need it. The refund also covers the charging of fees to customers who paid premiums by the month without adequate disclosure. ASIC last week vowed to file lawsuits against some of the country’s biggest financial institutions as it boosts its capacity to probe misconduct in the financial sector. Earlier this month, the country’s prudential regulator ordered another local unit of Allianz to set aside an additional A$250 million ($169.9 million) due to shortfalls in its risk governance self-assessment. $1 = 1.4806 Australian dollars
Reporting by Rashmi Ashok and Soumyajit Saha in Bengaluru;
editing by Jane Wardell | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The Works of the Rev. Jonathan Swift, Volume 15.djvu/427
Rh The duchess of Marlborough sent for him some months ago, to justify herself to him in relation to the queen, and showed him letters and told him stories, which the weak man believed, and was converted.
10. I dined with a cousin in the city, and poor Pat Rolt was there. I have got her rogue of a husband leave to come to England from Portmahon. The whigs are much down; but I reckon they have some scheme in agitation. This parliament time hinders our court meetings on Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. I had a great deal of business to night, which gave me a temptation to be idle, and I lost a dozen shillings at ombre with Dr. Pratt and another. It rains every day, and yet we are all over dust. Lady Masham's eldest boy is very ill: I doubt he will not live, and she stays at Kensington to nurse him, which vexes us all. She is so excessively fond, it makes me mad. She should never leave the queen, but leave every thing, to stick to what is so much the interest of the publick, as well as her own. This I tell hers but talk to the winds. Night, MD.
11. I dined at lord treasurer's with his Saturday company. We had ten at table, all lords but myself and the chancellor of the exchequer. Argyle went off at six, and was in very indifferent humour as usual. Duke of Ormond and lord Bolingbroke were absent. I staid till near ten. Lord treasurer showed us a small picture, enamelled work, and set in gold, worth about twenty pounds; a picture, I mean of the queen, which she gave to the duchess of Marlborough, set in diamonds. When the duchess was leaving England, she took off all the diamonds, Rh | WIKI |
marteloscope
Noun
* 1) A rectangular plot, within a managed forest, in which every tree is identified, numbered and recorded | WIKI |
Breathing is a paramount fragment, a requisite of life which transpire with the elimination of tingle thought. This is the indispensable process without which there is zero existence. When one inhales, the oxygen(O2) is grossed in the blood cells to extricate carbon dioxide(CO2). Carbon Dioxide is a splurge product that is transferred back through one’s body and grossed out. This wholesome operation is referred to as respiration. Immoral respiration can drive towards multifarious diseases and can also cause a lack of blood flow in the interior of the body. In Addition, Inappropriate breathing can decompose the Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide barter in the body which is the root cause of psychological disturbances, anxiety, fatigue, panic attacks, and corporal disturbances.
When we take an extensive lungful breathe and wheeze out waste breathe, one can perceive the difference easily. Moreover, Breathing is one of the most robust weapons to palliate the psychological strain and tend towards the endurance of negligible anxiousness. This pleasure of peaceful mind and no tolerance to anxiety will be achieved only with the enchantment of breathing exercises which can create a substantial difference if one makes it as a fragment of life.
Some of the manifest recommendations to stable in mind before following breathing exercises:
1. Designate a particular area for your breathing exercise that should be clean and tidy. Prefer it to be mostly a less crowded section may be a personal bed or a bedroom or substantially a living room.
2. Don’t make your breath impetus while breathing, carry it with the gentle flow and calm order to deconstruct its severity and construct the relaxation of mind and body. Forcing it hard can drive you towards more anxiety.
3. Avoid tight or uncomfortable clothes. If you put on intolerable garments, your concentration diverges from exercise and this tends to irritability and mental fatigue.
4. Breathing exercise is the only exercise which can provide you relief in the very few minutes. Most commonly, it takes 6-7 minutes but one can extend it up to 10 – 15 minutes on a continuous pace to compel greater benefits.
DEEP BREATHING
Most of the individuals take miniature and stubby breaths. This leads to zapping of your core internal energy, making you feel more anxious and distorting your psychological peace. There are numerous techniques which can help you in achieving the deeper and bigger breaths.
Exercise 1 –
Make yourself comfortable. Recline on your back or on the floor with the support of two pillows, one under your head and the other one under your knees. Alternatively, you can rest on a chair with head, neck and both the shoulders defrosting to the chair. Deep breath with the help of your nose, make sure your mouth is closed and you are breathing only via your nose. Breathe in a way that your belly is completely puffed with air. Stable one hand on your belly and rest the other hand on your chest. Grasp three complete deep breaths, operate it in such a manner that when you inhale you belly gets completely puffed up and the moment you exhale it gets shrunk.
A good and healthy breathing is also responsible for relieving our minds from stress and anxiety. There is still a gigantic crowd who is not aware of the methodology behind breathing and breathing patterns which is paramount to achieve a healthy life. Breathing is majorly divided into two classes.
1. Thoracic(chest) Breathing – When people tend to take miniature and shallow breaths, it goes directly to the chest which is harmful to the body. Such type of breathing is called thoracic breathing which causes stress, fatigue, and anxiousness.
2. Diaphragmatic(abdominal) Breathing – When people take deep breaths, it goes through the diaphragm, completes its circulation and then extricate from the nose. This is the healthiest way of breathing which releases stress and drive towards the betterment of the respiration system.
Key Learnings: Breathing is paramount for existence. Deep breathing exercises are helpful in relieving stress and anxiety. Moreover, Diaphragmatic breathing should be preferred over Thoracic breathing.
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Okere Falls
Okere Falls is a small town located 21 km from Rotorua on SH 33 between Rotorua and Tauranga on the North Island of New Zealand. The town is situated on the shore of the Okere Inlet of Lake Rotoiti, from which the Kaituna River flows north towards the Bay of Plenty.
The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "place of drifting" for Ōkere.
Okere Falls is a popular spot for fishing & rafting and is known for its beautiful lakeside and waterfalls. There are commercial rafting companies and holiday park accommodation within the town. A seven-metre-high waterfall lays claim to being the highest commercially rafted waterfall in the world.
The community at Okere Falls is home to a shop, and a school at Whangamarino.
Demographics
Okere Falls is described by Statistics New Zealand as a rural settlement, and covers 1.68 km2 and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Okere Falls is part of the larger Rotoiti-Rotoehu statistical area.
Okere Falls had a population of 378 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 63 people (20.0%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 33 people (9.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 135 households, comprising 177 males and 201 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.88 males per female, with 66 people (17.5%) aged under 15 years, 57 (15.1%) aged 15 to 29, 195 (51.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 60 (15.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 73.0% European/Pākehā, 35.7% Māori, 1.6% Pacific peoples, 5.6% Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.4% had no religion, 38.1% were Christian, 4.0% had Māori religious beliefs and 1.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 90 (28.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 36 (11.5%) people had no formal qualifications. 54 people (17.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 162 (51.9%) people were employed full-time, 39 (12.5%) were part-time, and 18 (5.8%) were unemployed.
Rotoiti-Rotoehu statistical area
Rotoiti-Rotoehu statistical area, which also includes Mourea and Rotoiti, covers 404.02 km2 and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2.
Rotoiti-Rotoehu had a population of 1,965 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 306 people (18.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 30 people (1.6%) since the 2006 census. There were 660 households, comprising 999 males and 966 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female. The median age was 43.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 381 people (19.4%) aged under 15 years, 327 (16.6%) aged 15 to 29, 921 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 339 (17.3%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 57.1% European/Pākehā, 55.6% Māori, 3.5% Pacific peoples, 3.2% Asian, and 1.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 11.8, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 46.7% had no religion, 37.7% were Christian, 5.5% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.3% were Hindu, 0.2% were Muslim, 0.5% were Buddhist and 2.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 309 (19.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 264 (16.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,700, compared with $31,800 nationally. 201 people (12.7%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 723 (45.6%) people were employed full-time, 237 (15.0%) were part-time, and 111 (7.0%) were unemployed.
History and culture
The area is the traditional homeland of the Ngāti Pikiao, who remain the guardians of the river through the Lake Rotoiti Scenic Reserves Board. Their traditional name for the Kaituna River was Okere River. The river's alternative name, 'Kaituna', refers to its significance as a food source, in particular eels.
Before the first road bridge over the river was built in 1872, local Māori operated a ferry across the inlet. Travellers from Tauranga to Rotorua would typically break their journey with a night at the nearby Fraser's Hotel.
The first 11 km stretch of the Kaituna River is still commonly referred to as Okere River, and is a site of significant Māori cultural and spiritual values. Okere River means "the place of drifting".
Marae
The Okere Falls area has three Ngāti Pikiao marae:
* Pounamunui Marae and its Houmaitawhiti meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Hinekura.
* Tāheke Opatia Marae and Rangitihi meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Hinerangi.
* Te Takinga Marae and Te Takinga meeting house are affiliated with Ngāti Te Takinga.
In October 2020, the Government committed $4,525,104 from the Provincial Growth Fund to upgrade Pounamunui, Tāheke Opatia and eight other marae, creating an estimated 34 jobs; while also committed $441,758 to upgrade Te Takinga, creating an estimated 51 jobs.
Education
Whangamarino School is a co-educational state primary school for Year 1 to 8 students, with a roll of as of The school offers classes in either English or Māori.
Economy
The Okere Falls area has drawn visitors for well over 100 years, with the area being a popular day trip destination from Rotorua. By the late 19th century, trout fishing had become very popular, and for a while the hydro-electric power station was a tourist attraction in its own right.
A well-formed bushwalk with scenic lookouts over Okere River and its spectacular waterfalls, the Okere Falls and the Tutea Falls, as well as the remains of the hydro-electric power station, can be found on Trout Pool Road. There are car parks and toilets at both ends of the 30 minute walk, which starts at Okere Falls, passes Tutea Falls about halfway, and finishes at Trout Pool Falls.
At Tutea Falls, named after a local Māori chief, a lookout provides a good vantage point to see kayakers and rafts plunge over the seven-metre-tall waterfall. From the viewing platform, steps lead down to the river and Tutea's Caves. These steps were cut into the cliff face in 1907 as an attraction for early tourists, who would have their photo taken at the bottom of the steps. The trout pool at the northern end of the track is a popular trout fishing spot.
The Okere Falls stretch of the Kaituna River is popular with whitewater rafters and kayakers, and is classified as grade 3/4, with Tutea Falls being a solid grade 4.
Okere is also home to the Okere Falls Power Station.
In popular culture
In the fifth season of the CBS television series The Amazing Race, Okere Falls were the site of one of two Detour options, 'Clean or Dirty', with teams that chose 'Clean' got the chance to go whitewater river sledging at the falls.
For the second series of Jack Osbourne: Adrenaline Junkie, Jack Osbourne tries whitewater kayaking at the falls as a part of the show's challenge before making his way to Japan. | WIKI |
How many cells in human brain?
10
Aracely Graham asked a question: How many cells in human brain?
Asked By: Aracely Graham
Date created: Sun, Mar 7, 2021 11:37 AM
Date updated: Tue, Jan 25, 2022 4:22 AM
Content
FAQ
Those who are looking for an answer to the question «How many cells in human brain?» often ask the following questions:
❓ Human brain how many brain cells?
Do humans have 100 billion brain cells? “We found that on average the human brain has 86 billion neurons. And not one that we looked at so far has 100 billion. Even though it may sound like a small difference the 14 billion neurons amount to pretty much the number of neurons that a baboon brain has or almost half the number of neurons in the ...
❓ How many human brain cells?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter @ llmysteries . We're also...
❓ Human brain cells how many?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
10 other answers
There are about 86 billion neurons in the human brain. That's about half the estimated number of stars in our Milky Way galaxy.
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
How many cells are in the human brain? There are still many things about the brain that we do not know. However, it is estimated that the brain contains somewhere between 80-120 billion nerve cells (neurons). These make up about 50% of the cells in a human brain so a general estimate for the amount of cells in a human brain would be somewhere between 160-240 billion cells.
The adult human brain is estimated to contain 86±8 billion neurons, with a roughly equal number (85±10 billion) of non-neuronal cells. Out of these neurons, 16 billion (19%) are located in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion (80%) are in the cerebellum.
The most common brain cells are neurons and non-neuron cells called glia. The average adult human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons, and just as many—if not more—glia. Although neurons are the most famous brain cells, both neurons and glial cells are necessary for proper brain function.
These authors estimated the number of neurons in the human brain at about 85 billion: 12–15 billion in the telencephalon (Shariff, 1953), 70 billion in the cerebellum, as granule cells (based on Lange, 1975), and fewer than 1 billion in the brainstem.
There are an estimated 100 billion neurons in the human brain. Neurons are polarised cells that are specialised for the conduction of action potentials also called nerve impulses. They can also synthesise membrane and protein.
A-Z. I don't have one. 5. 10. Caption this. A guy smirking and mischievously observing something. Me: how tf did u spell that. Oh yeah, it's all coming together. When you stay up all night playing your phone and eating from your secret snack stash.
Neurons in the Human Brain According to many estimates, the human brain contains around 100 billion neurons (give or take a few billion). This estimate has often been reported for many years in neuroscience and psychology textbooks and for many years was simply accepted as a relatively close approximation. 2
We have about 100 billion brain cells (neurons), and about ten times that many, or one trillion, support cells (glia) that help the neurons. We’ll just concentrate on the neurons themselves. The brain weighs about 3 pounds, and after age 20, you lose about a gram of brain mass per year.
Your Answer
We've handpicked 22 related questions for you, similar to «How many cells in human brain?» so you can surely find the answer!
How many brain cells does the human brain have?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on Twitter @ llmysteries . We're also...
The human brain has about how many brain cells?
However, it is estimated that the brain contains somewhere between 80-120 billion nerve cells (neurons). These make up about 50% of the cells in a human brain so a general estimate for the amount of cells in a human brain would be somewhere between 160-240 billion cells.
How many brain cells does human have?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
How many cells in the human brain?
There are over 400,094,800 cells in the human brain, while the entire body has about 50 to 75 trillion cells.
How many glial cells in human brain?
For example, a respectable appraisal of the number of neurons and glia in the brain was published in 1986, and it suggested there are about 70-80 billion neurons and 40-50 billion glial cells. The largest number of glial cells reported in a primary research report was 130 billion in 1968.
How many memory cells in human brain?
30 gb per cell
How many nerve cells in human brain?
86 billion neurons
How many neurons did the researchers find in the brains they analyzed? "We found that on average the human brain has 86 billion neurons. Human brain cells have how many chromosomes?
A human brain cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. Brain cells are called diploid cells because they have chromosomes... See full answer below.
Human brain has about how many cells?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
The human brain has how many cells?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
How many brain cells are there in a human brain?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more.
How many brain cells are human born with?
About one hundred billion (100,000,000,000)
How many brain cells are in a human?
No computer comes close to the complexity of these communicating bits of organic matter. What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection,...
How many brain cells are present in human?
Uncountable
How many brain cells do a human have?
What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection, resources and more. Follow Life's Little Mysteries on …
How many brain cells does a human have?
The average adult human brain has about 100 billion cells. Linked by synapses, each brain cell can connect to tens of thousands of other brain cells.
How many brain cells does a human use?
You may have heard that humans only use 10 percent of their brain power, and that if you could unlock the rest of your brainpower, you could do so much more. You could …
How many brain cells does nxds human have?
The human brain in numbers. How many neurons does the human brain have, and how does that compare to other species? Many original articles, reviews and textbooks affirm that we have 100 billion neurons and 10 times more glial cells (Kandel et al., 2000; Ullian et al., 2001; Doetsch, 2003; Nishiyama et al., 2005; Noctor et al., 2007; Allen and Barres, 2009), usually with no references cited.
How many brain cells in a human body?
No computer comes close to the complexity of these communicating bits of organic matter. What's more, for each neuron there are some 10 to 50 glial cells providing structural support, protection,...
How many cells are in a human brain?
How many cells are in the human brain? There are roughly 171 billion cells in the average male brain according to new research, including about 86 billion neurons . Neurons are cells that help transmit signals throughout the brain.
How many cells are in the human brain?
For half a century, neuroscientists thought the human brain contained 100 billion nerve cells. But when neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel devised a new way to count brain cells, she came up with a different number — 86 billion.
How many cells are present in human brain?
The cells of the brain include neurons and supportive glial cells. There are more than 86 billion neurons in the brain, and a more or less equal number of other cells. Brain activity is made possible by the interconnections of neurons and their release of neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
XLPack API: C/C++ example programs
C example program (Example (1), Visual C)
This is the example using Visual C (Visual Studio (Windows version)). Note that matrices are stored in column-major order (same with VBA and Fortran, rows and columns are opposite to the C/C++ storage order).
One dimensional array is used for a and b (In the reference manual, the variable length two dimensional array is used like Clang example below. However, please read with replacing it to one dimensional array in the case of Visual C).
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cnumlib.h"
int main(void)
{
double a[3][3] = {
{ 0.2, -0.32, -0.8 },
{ -0.11, 0.81, -0.92 },
{ -0.93, 0.37, -0.29 } };
double b[] = { -0.3727, 0.4319, -1.4247 };
int n = 3, nrhs = 1, lda = 3, ldb = 3, ipiv[3], info;
dgesv(n, nrhs, lda, (double *)a, ipiv, ldb, b, &info);
printf("x = %f %f %f\n", b[0], b[1], b[2]);
printf("info = %d\n", info);
return 0;
}
Result
x = 0.860000 0.640000 0.510000
info = 0
C example program (Example (1), Clang)
Two dimensional arrays are used for both a and b since Clang suports the variable length array which is standardized in C99.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cnumlib.h"
int main(void)
{
double a[3][3] = {
{ 0.2, -0.32, -0.8 },
{ -0.11, 0.81, -0.92 },
{ -0.93, 0.37, -0.29 } };
double b[] = { -0.3727, 0.4319, -1.4247 };
int n = 3, nrhs = 1, lda = 3, ldb = 3, ipiv[3], info;
dgesv(n, nrhs, lda, a, ipiv, ldb, (double (*)[ldb])b, &info);
printf("x = %f %f %f\n", b[0], b[1], b[2]);
printf("info = %d\n", info);
return 0;
}
C example program (Example (1), LAPACKE Row-major)
It is possible to specify to use the row-major order array by the first parameter of LAPACKE routine. Using this feature, a matrix can be coded in the same order with mathematical notation. Internally, arrays are transposed before computation and transposed again after computation. Note that ldb = 1. This is because the horizontal vector is expected as the input b since not only a but also b is transposed.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "lapacke.h"
int main(void)
{
double a[3][3] = {
{ 0.2, -0.11, -0.93 },
{ -0.32, 0.81, 0.37 },
{ -0.8, -0.92, -0.29 } };
double b[] = { -0.3727, 0.4319, -1.4247 };
int n = 3, nrhs = 1, lda = 3, ldb = 1, ipiv[3], info;
info = LAPACKE_dgesv(LAPACK_ROW_MAJOR, n, nrhs, (double *)a, lda, ipiv, b, ldb);
printf("x = %f %f %f\n", b[0], b[1], b[2]);
printf("info = %d\n", info);
return 0;
}
C++ example program (Example (1))
cnumlib (cnumlib_lite for XLPack Lite) header file can be used (note that "info" argument is used instead of "&info"). One dimensional array is used for matrices even if Clang is used to compile.
#include <iostream>
#include "cnumlib"
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
double a[3][3] = {
{ 0.2, -0.32, -0.8 },
{ -0.11, 0.81, -0.92 },
{ -0.93, 0.37, -0.29 } };
double b[] = { -0.3727, 0.4319, -1.4247 };
int n = 3, nrhs = 1, lda = 3, ldb = 3, ipiv[3], info;
dgesv(n, nrhs, lda, (double *)a, ipiv, ldb, b, info);
cout << "x = " << b[0] << ", " << b[1] << ", " << b[2] << endl;
cout << "info = " << info << endl;
return 0;
}
C example program (Example (2))
In Example (2), the integral of f(x) is computed using qk15. qk15 requires the external function defining f(x). It can be coded in C and qk15 will call it when necessary.
#include <stdio.h>
#include "cnumlib.h"
double f(double x)
{
return 1/(1 + x*x);
}
void test_qk15()
{
double a, b, result, abserr, resabs, resasc;
a = 0; b = 4;
qk15(f, a, b, &result, &abserr, &resabs, &resasc);
printf("result = %g, abserr = %g\n", result, abserr);
}
Result
result = 1.32582, abserr = 0.00148272 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Memorials of a Tour on the Continent, 1820/On Hearing the "Ranz Des Vaches" on the Top of the Pass of St. Gothard
| WIKI |
Power Generation
Pressurized Water Reactor Common features
1. Pressure vessel for small core & high-pressure water.
2. High-pressure driven
primary heat exchanger circuit.
3. Lower-pressure secondary
coolant circuit for steam and turbine/electric generator.
4. Containment structure; with standard power plant outside.
Safety Features of Pressurized Water Reactor
1. Closed loop prevents radioactivity loss.
2. Fuel: ceramic pellets sealed in metal tubes.
3. Ten-inch thick steel reactor vessel.
4. Concrete containment bldg prevents "incident" escaping.
5. Closed loop prevents radioactivity loss.
6. Water thermalizes neutron for effective fission.
7. Control rods (e.g., B or Cd) absorb neutrons to fine-tune reactor operation.
8. Emergency coolant water, positioned above reactor so, in the event of loss of primary coolant water, gravity flow would quickly restore it.
Details complicate design
Too Many Designs for Nuclear Safety
Distribution
Little change in 2007.
DOE summary of current nuclear capacity
How to build an Nuclear Power Reactor Now
In 2000 the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) settled on a standard design AP600 incorporating best foreign/US practices. In 2006 NRC "moved" to improved design AP1000 (~1100 MW) of Westinghouse Electric Co. Prospective builders can apply for combined construction and operating license before construction starts.
An Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR, ~1500 MW) by General Electric is a newer option. This "passive" design has no moving parts except control rods.
Typically building would get combined license approved and then get site approved. More recently NRC has introduced an accelerated site approved before the combined license application.
Congress is allowing reduced liability and other cost for the "first" in line. Companies now want both site and "combined" processes at once. NRC seems willing so strong are political and economic pressures.
2007 Schedule
2009 Schedule In 2008 everything slowed down (economy, new administration...). More recent 2009 chart shows things are happening.
One of the most "successful" is North Anna
2010 Clickable Map to on-going applications ; see North Anna for example of how current process goes.
Fusion
The textbook goes thru the argument that the reaction
21H + 21H = 31H + proton
could produce the world's energy resources for 30 million years.
So why aren't we?
Technical Limitations
Operating conditions.
What are our chances? Ordinary matter has roughly 6 1027 atoms/m3. So we only need to confine it for 100 ps. Will matter wait that long at 108 K?
Confinement schemes.
To cite this page:
Power Generation
<http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/energy/Resources/Lectures/nucplant-land.html>
[Saturday, 20-Oct-2018 22:08:42 EDT]
Edited by: wilkins@mps.ohio-state.edu on Sunday, 07-Nov-2010 10:29:14 EST | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Peter Herrmann (2nd nomination)
The result was delete. DGG raises an excellent point below--as laymen, we are uniquely unqualified to evaluate the quality of a given professor's work. However, their relative importance and general notability in the field they work in can be evaluated, and based on the discussion below it is clear that the good professor is not noteworthy by our standards.
It should be noted, though, that a change in status or the coming to light of relevant sources could impart new relevance on the topic and that any creation of an article based on these factors would not be subject to speedy deletion. To that end, if anyone would like the text in order to userfy and work on the article a little more, I will be more than happy to provide it.
Finally, with regard to the renomination of the article, I agree that a month seems to be a sufficient amount of time to improve on the article. -- jonny - m t 08:52, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
Peter Herrmann
AfDs for this article:
* ( [ delete] ) – (View AfD) (View log)
This is little more than a padded resume. The article has been tagged since December as having notability problems, and the first AfD resulted in No Consensus. There's been no subsequent improvement of the article. Let's get rid of this thing now. An editor with a similar name did some work on it, so it may be autobiography, and the sources leave much to be desired. Qworty (talk) 10:27, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete, does not meet notability, or does not support a claim for notability. BananaFiend (talk) 10:46, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Speedy keep on the grounds that the previous AFD was little more than a month ago. Articles should be given at least a few months to allow potential improvement before renomination. I have no personal opinion one way or the other on this particular article; this is a procedural "vote". I'm citing the third paragraph of WP:KEEPLISTINGTILITGETSDELETED that says sufficient time should be allowed for an article to be improved upon after it has survived an AFD challenge. 23skidoo (talk) 13:35, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Neutral What constitutes "sufficient time"? I've seen some articles listed within hours with little to no dissent, others nearly a year later are met with howls about the previous AfD. DarkAudit (talk) 15:55, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Comment As for the argument that "sufficient time should be allowed for an article to be improved upon after it has survived an AFD challenge," allow me to respectfully remind everyone that the previous result was not Keep, but No Consensus. Thus, the article did not really "survive the challenge"--the process was just kept on hold for a while. Since no consensus was reached before, this is our opportunity to reach consensus. That's what Wikipedia is all about, remember?--reaching consensus. Qworty (talk) 18:04, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Academics and educators-related deletion discussions. —David Eppstein (talk) 21:55, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete On one hand, 17 books counts for something. On the other hand, I found little evidence, in terms of awards or citations, that his work has substantially influenced others. Google Scholar, WOS and Scopus turn up very little in the way of citations. GoogleScholar did give 25 citations of his book with Tausch, "Globalization and European Integration", but on close inspection most of these citations are by Tausch himself. As DGG wrote in the first AfD discussion, Herrmann's books are not widely carried by the U.S. libraries (although I must say that I give much greater weight to citations, h-index, awards, etc. In most universities the decisions about which books to get are made by librarians, not by the respective academic departments). As a test, I have looked up two random Associate Professors in the Political Science department at my university. They both generated substantial number of citations per GoogleScholar (the first one I checked, had citation hits of 144, 113, 83, 59, 25, 21, etc). The second one had citation rates a little lower but still, by an order of magnitude higher than Herrmann. In both cases they authored some books and their CVs listed a bunch of "mid-level" academic honors and awards, such as best book prizes, top/best paper prizes from various conferences, etc. I have not seen anything of the sort mentioned on Herrmann's web site or in the WP article about him. In my view he does fail WP:PROF, and, absent some new information, the article should be deleted. Nsk92 (talk) 13:02, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
* Comment What is really needed is someone who has at least some vague knowledge of the field, rather than attempting to decide whether this guy has achieved anything based on some pseudo-scientific numerological method of evaluation. Also, there are languages other than English in which people can be well known, especially people who do speak languages other than English, and who have a first language that is not English. Of course, if some journalist in a publication like Time or The Guardian has mentioned him, case closed. The fact that a journalist wrote it is, apparently, what counts for determining notability per WP:N and WP:BIO. What is really needed, then, to clinch it, is a few quotes from the mass media! --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:24, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* The AfD discussion you mention, Articles for deletion/Denis Dutton is about a person who is primarily notable as a media personality rather than as an academic. Notability as a media personality is established, per WP:BIO, primarily by covergage of that person in the conventional media. Academic notablity is notability primarily for one's academic/scholarly work. In the main, such notability is established by looking at the impact of the person in question in their academic field, see WP:PROF. This means that in most cases to establish academic notability one has to look at things like academic honors and awards and coverage of the work of the person in question in scholarly publications (scholarly journals, conference proceedings, books, etc), looking at citation rates, h-index, etc. Yes, this is harder to do, yes more mistakes are probably made and and yes participation by experts is helpful. However, editing Wikipedia is open to everyone so ultimately anyone can express their opinion. You may not like this aspect of the Wikipedia model (and it is in fact mentioned in Criticism of Wikipedia), but that is the way it is.
* Going back to WP:PROF, it does say criterion 1 of WP:PROF can be satisfied if there is a substantial coverage of the person in question, as an academic expert, in conventional media. In practice this happens very rarely since most academic subjects are quite technical. But sometimes there are articles or interviews in mass media about famous scientists, or a journal like Scientific American can honor someone with a SciAm50 award as one of the top scientific innovators, or some biologist is repeatedly quoted in mass media as an expert on some schientific developments in molecular biology etc. One could argue that this is the case for Denis Dutton, but I think that his notability is primarily as a notable media pundit on general cultural and literary matters rather than as a media expert/pundit on some academic subject. Nsk92 (talk) 11:49, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
Reply Unless a person has at least some vague knowledge of the field it is certainly not possible to evaluate whether this guy has achieved anything based on some pseudo-scientific numerological method of evaluation, and/or award counting. The citation evaluation methodologies you are quoting and using aren't even the best. And the best are nowhere as valuable as the evaluations of the top scholars in the particular discipline and sub-discipline. Numbers, do, of course, look impressive. They do impress the ignoratti. --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:01, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* Delete - fails WP:PROF. Springnuts (talk) 20:47, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
* Weak keep Fundamentally we evaluate scholars by reputation: whether they are considered notable. To judge by what we personally think of the work would be truly foolish, and show ignorance of encyclopedic standards. We are laymen, and we accept the demonstrated judgment of the experts in the field (just as we accept the judgment of reviewers for books, of critics for actors). One does this for academics by looking for what constitutes notability: professional rank, awards, publications. In this case, all of them are borderline. He holds an intermediary academic profession, not a professorship. there are no significant awards. We evaluate publications are seeing how widely they are held, and much they are cited. Other scholars in the field evaluate the publications by citing them. There are many books, not very widely used or cited. What we do not do is evaluate the intrinsic quality of the person's research--we are not qualified for that, so we see how the qualified experts in the field have evaluated it. Those who abandon numbers in this show that they do not recognize how scholarship in science or social science operates. h factors have limitations, but their use as a rough indication between people in the same field is appropriate. If we abandon objectivity, we get hand waving. I evaluated it as keep before; I say weak keep now. If I judged by the arguments used by the promoters of this article, I wouldn't say even that. A month is enough after a no-consensus close to make another try--it of course would not be if it had been a keep. More impressionistically, "With Tausch’s influential work and in cooperation with him " shows rather clearly that he's a junior colleague of Tausch, and thus not as notable. 12 books is however worth considering--Nova is a low grade publisher in science, but respectable in social science. DGG (talk) 23:35, 30 March 2008 (UTC)
* Keep, User:DGG gives me plenty of reasons why he might be considered notable, plus my threshold of proof of notabilty is very low on topics I know nothing about.Callelinea (talk) 03:22, 3 April 2008 (UTC)
| WIKI |
blob: 84223d7597a15f711487cd66236dea9e5c69250a [file] [log] [blame]
// Copyright 2015 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
#ifndef TRUNKS_SESSION_MANAGER_H_
#define TRUNKS_SESSION_MANAGER_H_
#include <string>
#include "trunks/hmac_authorization_delegate.h"
#include "trunks/tpm_generated.h"
#include "trunks/trunks_export.h"
namespace trunks {
const trunks::TPM_HANDLE kUninitializedHandle = 0;
// This class is used to keep track of a TPM session. Each instance of this
// class is used to account for one instance of a TPM session. Currently
// this class is used by AuthorizationSession instances to keep track of TPM
// sessions.
// Note: This class is not intended to be used independently. However clients
// who want to manually manage their sessions can use this class to Start and
// Close TPM backed Sessions. Example usage:
// std::unique_ptr<SessionManager> session_manager =
// factory.GetSessionManager();
// session_manager->StartSession(...);
// TPM_HANDLE session_handle = session_manager->GetSessionHandle();
class TRUNKS_EXPORT SessionManager {
public:
SessionManager() {}
SessionManager(const SessionManager&) = delete;
SessionManager& operator=(const SessionManager&) = delete;
virtual ~SessionManager() {}
// This method is used get the handle to the AuthorizationSession managed by
// this instance.
virtual TPM_HANDLE GetSessionHandle() const = 0;
// This method is used to flush all TPM context associated with the current
// session
virtual void CloseSession() = 0;
// This method is used to start a new AuthorizationSession. Once started,
// GetSessionHandle() can be used to access the handle to the TPM session.
// If the created sessions is salted, we need to ensure that TPM ownership is
// taken and the salting key created before this method is called.
// Returns TPM_RC_SUCCESS and returns the nonces used to create the session
// on success.
virtual TPM_RC StartSession(TPM_SE session_type,
TPMI_DH_ENTITY bind_entity,
const std::string& bind_authorization_value,
bool salted,
bool enable_encryption,
HmacAuthorizationDelegate* delegate) = 0;
};
} // namespace trunks
#endif // TRUNKS_SESSION_MANAGER_H_ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Dr. Matthew Gianforte
The problem with your mind going as you age is that you forget your body is going with it. As a result, you attempted to remove that 100-year-old oak tree in the front yard with only a hand saw. And, as a result of that, your back or neck are reminding you that you are no longer 20 and just short of indestructible. Luckily, you can just pop a few ibuprofen and everything will be fine. Better yet, saunter on over to the neighbor who had back surgery a few months ago and borrow one of his prescription strength ones.
They’re safe, right?
Sure, the entire class of drugs (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs) have been linked to liver problems, kidney problems, joint problems and, more recently, heart attacks. Clicking off the organs that you learned way back in high school you think, “But my brain is still good, right?”
Not even close.
Researchers in Denmark found that even the use of something as common and “safe” as ibuprofen led to a 50% higher risk of stroke. All other anti-inflammatories included in the study also increased the risk of stroke. The numbers just get worse from there as higher dosages were used.
How can this class of drugs be so dangerous when they are so commonly used?
It boils down to how your body works. Enzymes in your body help to break down clots and keep the blood thin. This prevents heart attacks and strokes. But anti-inflammatories not only block an enzyme that causes inflammation, they block an enzyme that thins the blood. This means that, while anti-inflammatories do block inflammation, they also make the blood more likely to cause a clot and lead to a heart attack or stroke.
Because of this, it is safe to say that NSAIDs are not the safe class of drugs that society thinks they are. And yet critics of chiropractic care say that chiropractic care is “dangerous” and not worth the “risk.”
The risk of chiropractic versus common treatments like NSAIDs is like comparing the safety of a person on the ground versus the safety a skydiver attempt to land without a parachute. This comparison is even more dramatic when we look at chiropractic care versus the risks of surgery.
Next time you consider just popping that ibuprofen, maybe you should reconsider with a call to your chiropractor instead, like the Chiropractor Mesa, AZ trusts.
Thanks to our friends and contributors from LifeCare Chiropractic for their insight into NSAIDs.
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Last Updated: 19/06/2023
Determination of the genetic diversity of histidine rich proteins 2 and 3 (hrp2 and hrp3) gene mutations in Plasmodium falciparum populations in Ghana
Objectives
1. To assess the genetic variations between mutations in hrp2 and hrp3 genes in the geographic and ecological regions of Ghana.
2. To describe the historical trends and evolutionary patterns in hrp2 and hrp3 gene mutations in Ghana from 1999 to the present.
3. To compare prevalence trends to those found in other historical data sets from around the world.
Principal Investigators / Focal Persons
Nancy O. Duah Quashie
Rationale and Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vital tools for diseases such as malaria. RDTs detect specific proteins produced by malaria parasites. The histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp2) is one of the common proteins targeted by RDTs. However, RDTs specific for hrp2 can cross react with a similar protein, histidine-rich protein 3 (hrp3). Mutations in the hrp2/3 genes could lead to false negative RDT results and subsequent delay in diagnosis and proper therapy for malaria putting individuals including soldiers deployed to malaria endemic areas at risk for morbidity and mortality. Hrp2 and hrp3 gene mutations were first reported in Peru in 2010. In Ghana, mutations of the two genes have been detected and revealed 20-40% mutations in Ghanaian parasites using PCR amplification. The use of archived malaria-positive samples dating back to 1999, over a decade before the initial discovery of the gene mutations, will provide valuable data on the global spread of hrp2/3 mutations leading to RDT-false negative over a large time span and in a region with poor characterization of these mutations. Sanger sequencing of PCR products of these gene loci will provide additional data on changes in this gene region over time. These data will directly inform force health protection guidelines for personnel deployed to this malaria-endemic region by better defining the limitations of the most common, and often only, form of malaria detection available to forward deployed forces.
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[Beowulf] stace_analyzer.pl can't work.
Joe Landman landman at scalableinformatics.com
Tue Sep 16 08:13:10 EDT 2008
A quick patchy-patchy for 310
--- strace_analyzer.pl 2008-09-16 07:57:34.000000000 -0400
+++ strace_analyzer_new.pl 2008-09-16 08:01:45.000000000 -0400
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@
$junk =~ s/[^0-9]//g;
# Keep track of total number bytes read
- $ReadBytesTotal += $junk;
+ $ReadBytesTotal += $junk if ($junk != -1);
# Clean up write unit
($junk1, $junk2)=split(/\,/,$cmd_unit);
There may be other error return codes which are negative, so if you want
to filter those as well, use "(if $junk < 0)" rather than the above.
As for the rest of the code structure, writing this parser isn't all
that hard, and for those with smaller memories but bigger disks (and a
desired to analyze large straces), we could use the DBIx::SimplePerl
module. Jeff is already putting his arrays together as hashes, and that
module makes it real easy to dump a hash data structure directly into a
database, say a SQLite3 database. Which, curiously, could make a bit of
the code easier to deal with/write/debug.
The issue you have to worry about in dealing with huge streams of data,
is running out of ram. This happens. Many "common" techniques fail
when data gets very large (compared to something like ram). We had to
solve a large upload/download problem for a customer who decided to use
a web server for multi gigabyte file upload/download form in an
application. The common solution was to pull everything in to ram and
massage it from there. This failed rather quickly.
I don't personally have large amounts of "free" time, but I could likely
help out a bit with this. Jeff, do you want me to create something on
our mercurial server for this? Or do you have it in SVN/CVS somewhere?
Joe
--
Joseph Landman, Ph.D
Founder and CEO
Scalable Informatics LLC,
email: landman at scalableinformatics.com
web : http://www.scalableinformatics.com
http://jackrabbit.scalableinformatics.com
phone: +1 734 786 8423 x121
fax : +1 866 888 3112
cell : +1 734 612 4615
_______________________________________________
Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org
To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf
More information about the Beowulf mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Emperor Marcus Antoninus - His Conversation with Himself.djvu/254
74 Notion may be applyed to all External Advantages. For These are not included in the Idea; They are not required of us as Men; Humane Nature does not promise them, neither is she perfected by them: From whence it follows that They can neither constitute the Chief End of Man, nor strictly contribute towards it. Farther, if these Things were any real Additions, how comes the Contempt of them, and the being easy without them, to be so great a Commendation? To balk an Advantage would be Folly, for one can't have too much of that which is Good. But the Case stands otherwise; For we know that Self-Denial, and Indifference about these Things is the Character of a Good Man, and goes for a Mark of true Greatness.
XVI. Your Manners will depend very much upon the Quality of what you frequently think on; For the Soul is as it were Tinged with the Colour, and Complexion of Thought. Be sure therefore to work in such Maxims as these. A Man may live as he should do, and Behave Himself well in all Places, By consequence, a Life of Virtue, and that of a Courtier are not inconsistent. Again: That which a Thing is made for, 'tis made to Act for; and that which 'tis made to Act for, 'tis Rh | WIKI |
Trump economy reaching his 3 percent goal even without tax reform
President Donald Trump's goal of 3 percent growth has been realized in two of the three quarters since he took office, and economists say the trend can keep going for at least another quarter and possibly longer. Third-quarter GDP grew by 3 percent, well above the 2.5 percent expected by economists surveyed by Thomson Reuters and below the 2.8 percent in the CNBC/Moody's Rapid Update. The third-quarter number comes on top of 3.1 percent growth in the second quarter, making for the best back-to-back quarters since 2014 and ending a long streak of sluggish 2 percent growth. One factor aiding the improvement was an 8.6 percent annualized rise in business spending on capital equipment, coming on top of an 8.8 percent pace in the second quarter. "Give credit where credit is due," wrote Chris Rupkey, chief financial economist at MUFG Union Bank. "Trump's economics team has been steering the country since January, and the economy has hit the Administration's 3 percent target two quarters in a row. … This economy in its ninth year of expansion shows no sign of tiring and turning down and may outlast the 10 years of growth during the Clinton presidency." Rupkey, in a phone interview, said the report was less affected by hurricanes than expected, and the only piece of data that really has been washed out by hurricanes Harvey and Irma was the September jobs report, which showed a decline of 33,000 payrolls. As a result, economists are forecasting a 310,000 jump in payrolls in the October report when it is released next Friday. Trump may not yet have delivered on his promises of infrastructure spending, health-care reform or tax reform, but some economists say one factor behind the pickup in the economy may be related to optimism about the future based on expectations for tax cuts and his pro-growth policies. Congressional Republicans are expected to introduce a bill on Wednesday that would cut corporate and individual taxes. The White House on Friday took credit for the better growth but said Congress now needs to act on tax cuts and other Trump agenda items. The White House also released a new report that said tax cuts could deliver 3 to 5 percent GDP growth. "With unemployment at a 16-year low, the stock market at new highs and economic confidence soaring, the U.S. economy is surging under this President's leadership. America can continue this momentum if Congress adopts our framework for major tax cuts and other key agenda items that will allow Americans to keep more of their money, make our businesses more competitive, and build an economy that works better for everyone," said White House Press Secretary Sarah Sanders. Trump said he believed growth could even go higher than 3 percent when he was stumping for tax reform in Missouri in the summer. "If we achieve sustained 3 percent growth that means 12 million new jobs and $10 trillion of new economic activity. That's some number," Trump said during an August speech promoting tax reform. "I happen to be one that thinks we can go much higher than 3 percent. There's no reason we shouldn't." Economists had been skeptical of Trump's 3 percent growth target, a cornerstone of his economic plan. Scott Anderson, chief economist at Bank of the West, said he wouldn't necessarily attribute the better growth to Trump's policies, but he said there could be some optimism because of the promise of them. "It's certainly feeding into the optimism and the anticipation of tax cuts," he said. Anderson said another big factor has been the Federal Reserve and its policy of keeping interest rates low for a long time while inflation has remained low. The jump in business spending in GDP was a welcome surprise, and it helps broaden out the engines behind growth. "Partly it's a reflection of increased optimism about the economy, and we've seen big increases in manufacturing PMIs and confidence measures and that could be feeding through to animal spirits. Business investment is difficult to forecast partly because it comes down to expectations," said Anderson. He currently expects 2.9 percent growth for the fourth quarter but said it could easily swing higher to 3 percent or more. The CNBC/Moody's Analytics Rapid Update shows a consensus of 2.9 percent. "I think it's certainly in the ballpark. So again that would be a string of three consecutive quarters of 3 percent growth. That's a very strong performance for this expansion," said Anderson. Anderson said the fact that the economy is near full employment could be one factor driving spending, as employers seek new equipment and technology to help them. Economists expect the rebuilding after the hurricanes to be a positive impact on fourth-quarter growth. Joseph LaVorgna, chief economist for the Americas at Natixis, said that could help push growth closer to 4 percent. "It's not inconceivable that we get there," LaVorgna said. "The issue, of course, is where we go from here, and that's a function of two things: What do the tax cuts, assuming we get them, look like, and the other thing is who is running the Fed." LaVorgna said the question is whether the Fed, if growth picked up, begins to raise interest rates more quickly. Trump is expected to name a replacement for Fed chair Janet Yellen next week. "Under the old regime … they would be hiking literally the day the tax cut was signed because they would be worried about the economy overheating," he said. Rupkey said one concern in the third-quarter GDP report was that 0.7 percent came from inventories. "Inventory accumulation can melt away in an instant," he said. LaVorgna said it's possible that productivity is picking up, based on the third-quarter GDP report. "There might be a productivity revival coming in the data. That could be galvanized by corporate tax reform. You clearly have had a depressing effect on construction in this report … and you're going to get a snapback there," he said. There's a batch of key economic reports in the coming week, and they could look strong, but Rupkey says it would be hard to top recent momentum, particularly in ISM manufacturing. ISM is expected to come in slightly below last month's 60.8, at 59.5. Anything above 50 represents economic growth. Last month's number "shot the lights out," Rupkey said. "I don't know if it's going to go any higher." He added that the key will be trends in wages, with the employment cost index and the average hourly earnings both coming out next week." The economy was pretty strong in this cycle data a month ago, leading up to the jobs report. I don't know that it could do any better than that. Almost every other piece of data was good, " said Rupkey. Anderson said he expects another run of strong reports in the coming week. Personal income and spending are reported Monday, consumer confidence and employment costs Tuesday, car sales and ISM Wednesday, productivity Thursday and jobs on Friday. "I think most of the indicators are a little bit above consensus. I think we're going to have another round of positive economic surprises next week, which are going to be a welcome surprise for the stock market. I'm a little more concerned about the bond market. I'm a little worried rates could start rising here," he said. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Package Bio :: Package Graphics :: Package GenomeDiagram :: Module _Diagram :: Class Diagram
[hide private]
[frames] | no frames]
Class Diagram
source code
object --+
|
Diagram
Diagram
Provides:
Attributes:
o name String, identifier for the diagram
o tracks List of Track objects comprising the diagram
o format String, format of the diagram (circular/linear)
o pagesize String, the pagesize of output
o orientation String, the page orientation (landscape/portrait)
o x Float, the proportion of the page to take up with even
X margins
o y Float, the proportion of the page to take up with even
Y margins
o xl Float, the proportion of the page to take up with the
left X margin
o xr Float, the proportion of the page to take up with the
right X margin
o yt Float, the proportion of the page to take up with the
top Y margin
o yb Float, the proportion of the page to take up with the
bottom Y margin
o circle_core Float, the proportion of the available radius to leave
empty at the center of a circular diagram (0 to 1).
o start Int, the base/aa position to start the diagram at
o end Int, the base/aa position to end the diagram at
o tracklines Boolean, True if track guidelines are to be drawn
o fragments Int, for a linear diagram, the number of equal divisions
into which the sequence is divided
o fragment_size Float, the proportion of the space available to each
fragment that should be used in drawing
o track_size Float, the proportion of the space available to each
track that should be used in drawing
o circular Boolean, True if the genome/sequence to be drawn is, in
reality, circular.
Methods:
o __init__(self, name=None) Called on instantiation
o draw(self, format='circular', ...) Instructs the package to draw
the diagram
o write(self, filename='test1.ps', output='PS') Writes the drawn
diagram to a specified file, in a specified format.
o add_track(self, track, track_level) Adds a Track object to the
diagram, with instructions to place it at a particular level on
the diagram
o del_track(self, track_level) Removes the track that is to be drawn
at a particular level on the diagram
o get_tracks(self) Returns the list of Track objects to be drawn
contained in the diagram
o renumber_tracks(self, low=1) Renumbers all tracks consecutively,
optionally from a passed lowest number
o get_levels(self) Returns a list of levels currently occupied by
Track objects
o get_drawn_levels(self) Returns a list of levels currently occupied
by Track objects that will be shown in the drawn diagram (i.e.
are not hidden)
o range(self) Returns the lowest- and highest-numbered positions
contained within features in all tracks on the diagram as a tuple.
o __getitem__(self, key) Returns the track contained at the level of
the passed key
o __str__(self) Returns a formatted string describing the diagram
Instance Methods [hide private]
__init__(self, name=None)
o name String describing the diagram
source code
set_all_tracks(self, attr, value)
o attr An attribute of the Track class
source code
draw(self, format=None, pagesize=None, orientation=None, x=None, y=None, xl=None, xr=None, yt=None, yb=None, start=None, end=None, tracklines=None, fragments=None, fragment_size=None, track_size=None, circular=None, circle_core=None, cross_track_links=None)
Draw the diagram, with passed parameters overriding existing attributes.
source code
write(self, filename='test1.ps', output='PS', dpi=72)
o filename String indicating the name of the output file, or a handle to write to.
source code
write_to_string(self, output='PS')
o output String indicating output format, one of PS, PDF, SVG, JPG, BMP, GIF, PNG, TIFF or TIFF (as specified for the write method).
source code
add_track(self, track, track_level)
o track Track object to draw
source code
Track
new_track(self, track_level)
o track_level Int, the level at which the track will be drawn (above an arbitrary baseline)
source code
del_track(self, track_level)
o track_level Int, the level of the track on the diagram to delete
source code
list
get_tracks(self)
Returns a list of the tracks contained in the diagram
source code
move_track(self, from_level, to_level)
o from_level Int, the level at which the track to be moved is found
source code
renumber_tracks(self, low=1, step=1)
o low Int, the track number to start from
source code
[int, int, ...]
get_levels(self)
Return a sorted list of levels occupied by tracks in the diagram
source code
[int, int, ...]
get_drawn_levels(self)
Return a sorted list of levels occupied by tracks that are not...
source code
(int, int)
range(self)
Returns the lowest and highest base (or mark) numbers containd in...
source code
Track
__getitem__(self, key)
o key The id of a track in the diagram
source code
""
__str__(self)
Returns a formatted string with information about the diagram
source code
Inherited from object: __delattr__, __getattribute__, __hash__, __new__, __reduce__, __reduce_ex__, __repr__, __setattr__
Properties [hide private]
Inherited from object: __class__
Method Details [hide private]
__init__(self, name=None)
(Constructor)
source code
o name String describing the diagram
o format String: 'circular' or 'linear', depending on the sort of
diagram required
o pagesize String describing the ISO size of the image, or a tuple
of pixels
o orientation String describing the required orientation of the
final drawing ('landscape' or 'portrait')
o x Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the X
margins to the page
o y Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the Y
margins to the page
o xl Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the left X
margin to the page (overrides x)
o xl Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the left X
margin to the page (overrides x)
o xr Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the right X
margin to the page (overrides x)
o yt Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the top Y
margin to the page (overrides y)
o yb Float (0->1) describing the relative size of the lower Y
margin to the page (overrides y)
o start Int, the position to begin drawing the diagram at
o end Int, the position to stop drawing the diagram at
o tracklines Boolean flag to show (or not) lines delineating
tracks on the diagram
o fragments Int, for linear diagrams, the number of sections into
which to break the sequence being drawn
o fragment_size Float (0->1), for linear diagrams, describing
the proportion of space in a fragment to take
up with tracks
o track_size Float (0->1) describing the proportion of space
in a track to take up with sigils
o circular Boolean flag to indicate whether the sequence being
drawn is circular
Overrides: object.__init__
set_all_tracks(self, attr, value)
source code
o attr An attribute of the Track class
o value The value to set that attribute
Set the passed attribute of all tracks in the set to the
passed value
write(self, filename='test1.ps', output='PS', dpi=72)
source code
o filename String indicating the name of the output file,
or a handle to write to.
o output String indicating output format, one of PS, PDF,
SVG, or provided the ReportLab renderPM module is
installed, one of the bitmap formats JPG, BMP,
GIF, PNG, TIFF or TIFF. The format can be given
in upper or lower case.
o dpi Resolution (dots per inch) for bitmap formats.
Write the completed drawing out to a file in a prescribed format
No return value.
write_to_string(self, output='PS')
source code
o output String indicating output format, one of PS, PDF,
SVG, JPG, BMP, GIF, PNG, TIFF or TIFF (as
specified for the write method).
o dpi Resolution (dots per inch) for bitmap formats.
Return the completed drawing as a string in a prescribed format
add_track(self, track, track_level)
source code
o track Track object to draw
o track_level Int, the level at which the track will be drawn
(above an arbitrary baseline)
Add a pre-existing Track to the diagram at a given level
new_track(self, track_level)
source code
o track_level Int, the level at which the track will be drawn
(above an arbitrary baseline)
Add a new Track to the diagram at a given level and returns it for
further user manipulation.
Returns:
Track
del_track(self, track_level)
source code
o track_level Int, the level of the track on the diagram to delete
Remove the track at the passed level from the diagram
move_track(self, from_level, to_level)
source code
o from_level Int, the level at which the track to be moved is
found
o to_level Int, the level to move the track to
Moves a track from one level on the diagram to another
renumber_tracks(self, low=1, step=1)
source code
o low Int, the track number to start from
o step Int, the track interval for separation of tracks
Reassigns all the tracks to run consecutively from the lowest
value (low)
get_drawn_levels(self)
source code
Return a sorted list of levels occupied by tracks that are not
explicitly hidden
Returns:
[int, int, ...]
range(self)
source code
Returns the lowest and highest base (or mark) numbers containd in
track features as a tuple
Returns:
(int, int)
__getitem__(self, key)
(Indexing operator)
source code
o key The id of a track in the diagram
Return the Track object with the passed id
Returns:
Track
__str__(self)
(Informal representation operator)
source code
Returns a formatted string with information about the diagram
Returns:
""
Overrides: object.__str__ | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Skip to main content
Version: v7.0.0
Refetch Container
A Refetch Container is also a higher-order component that works like a regular Fragment Container, but provides the additional ability to fetch a new GraphQL query with different variables and re-render the component with the new result.
Table of Contents:
createRefetchContainer
createRefetchContainer has the following signature:
createRefetchContainer(
component: ReactComponentClass,
fragmentSpec: {[string]: GraphQLTaggedNode},
refetchQuery: GraphQLTaggedNode,
): ReactComponentClass;
Arguments
• component: The React Component class of the component requiring the fragment data.
• fragmentSpec: Specifies the data requirements for the Component via a GraphQL fragment. The required data will be available on the component as props that match the shape of the provided fragment. fragmentSpec should be an object whose keys are prop names and values are graphql tagged fragments. Each key specified in this object will correspond to a prop available to the resulting Component.
• Note: relay-compiler enforces fragments to be named as <FileName>_<propName>.
• refetchQuery: A graphql tagged query to be fetched upon calling props.relay.refetch. As with any query, upon fetching this query, its result will be normalized into the store, any relevant subscriptions associated with the changed records will be fired, and subscribed components will re-render.
Available Props
The Component resulting from createRefetchContainer will receive the following props:
type Props = {
relay: {
environment: Environment,
refetch(), // See #refetch section
},
// Additional props as specified by the fragmentSpec
}
refetch
refetch is a function available on the relay prop which can be used to execute the refetchQuery and potentially re-render the component with the newly fetched data. Specifically, upon fetching the refetchQuery, its result will be normalized into the store, and any relevant subscriptions associated with the changed records will be fired, causing relevant components to re-render.
Note: refetch is meant to be used for changing variables in the component's fragment. Specifically, in order for this component to re-render, it must be subscribed to changes in the records affected by this query. If the fragment for the component doesn't use variables, the component won't be subscribed to changes to new records that might be fetched by this query. A common example of this is using refetch to fetch a new node and re-render the component with the data for the new node; in this case the fragment needs to use a variable for the node's id, otherwise the component won't pick up the changes for the new node.
refetch has the following signature:
type RefetchOptions = {
force?: boolean,
};
type Disposable = {
dispose(): void,
};
refetch(
refetchVariables: Object | (fragmentVariables: Object) => Object,
renderVariables: ?Object,
callback: ?(error: ?Error) => void,
options?: RefetchOptions,
): Disposable,
Arguments
• refetchVariables:
• A bag of variables to pass to the refetchQuery when fetching it from the server.
• Or, a function that receives the previous set of variables used to query the data, and returns a new set of variables to pass to the refetchQuery when fetching it from the server.
• renderVariables: Optional bag of variables that indicate which variables to use for reading out the data from the store when re-rendering the component. Specifically, this indicates which variables to use when querying the data from the local data store after the new query has been fetched. If not specified, the refetchVariables will be used. This is useful when the data you need to render in your component doesn't necessarily match the data you queried the server for. For example, to implement pagination, you would fetch a page with variables like {first: 5, after: '<cursor>'}, but you might want to render the full collection with {first: 10}.
• callback: Function to be called after the refetch has completed. If an error occurred during refetch, this function will receive that error as an argument.
• options: Optional object containing set of options.
• force: If the Network Layer has been configured with a cache, this option forces a refetch even if the data for this query and variables is already available in the cache.
• fetchPolicy: If the data is already present in the store, using the 'store-or-network' option will use that data without making an additional network request. Using the 'network-only' option, which is the default behavior, will ignore any data present in the store and make a network request.
Return Value
Returns a Disposable on which you could call dispose() to cancel the refetch.
Examples
Refetching latest data
In this simple example, let's assume we want to fetch the latest data for a TodoItem from the server:
// TodoItem.js
import {createRefetchContainer, graphql} from 'react-relay';
class TodoItem extends React.Component {
render() {
const item = this.props.item;
return (
<View>
<Checkbox checked={item.isComplete} />
<Text>{item.text}</Text>
<button onPress={this._refetch} title="Refresh" />
</View>
);
}
_refetch = () => {
this.props.relay.refetch(
{itemID: this.props.item.id}, // Our refetchQuery needs to know the `itemID`
null, // We can use the refetchVariables as renderVariables
() => { console.log('Refetch done') },
{force: true}, // Assuming we've configured a network layer cache, we want to ensure we fetch the latest data.
);
}
}
export default createRefetchContainer(
TodoItem,
{
item: graphql`
fragment TodoItem_item on Todo {
text
isComplete
}
`
},
graphql`
# Refetch query to be fetched upon calling `refetch`.
# Notice that we re-use our fragment and the shape of this query matches our fragment spec.
query TodoItemRefetchQuery($itemID: ID!) {
item: node(id: $itemID) {
...TodoItem_item
}
}
`
);
Loading more data
In this example we are using a Refetch Container to fetch more stories in a story feed component.
import {createRefetchContainer, graphql} from 'react-relay';
class FeedStories extends React.Component {
render() {
return (
<div>
{this.props.feed.stories.edges.map(
edge => <Story story={edge.node} key={edge.node.id} />
)}
<button
onPress={this._loadMore}
title="Load More"
/>
</div>
);
}
_loadMore() {
// Increments the number of stories being rendered by 10.
const refetchVariables = fragmentVariables => ({
count: fragmentVariables.count + 10,
});
this.props.relay.refetch(refetchVariables);
}
}
export default createRefetchContainer(
FeedStories,
{
feed: graphql`
fragment FeedStories_feed on Feed
@argumentDefinitions(
count: {type: "Int", defaultValue: 10}
) {
stories(first: $count) {
edges {
node {
id
...Story_story
}
}
}
}
`
},
graphql`
# Refetch query to be fetched upon calling `refetch`.
# Notice that we re-use our fragment and the shape of this query matches our fragment spec.
query FeedStoriesRefetchQuery($count: Int) {
feed {
...FeedStories_feed @arguments(count: $count)
}
}
`,
); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Herman José
Bias?
Even in a country where the public is not shy to comedy and where comedians are usually cherished, the popularity of Herman José is outstanding and has been since the late 1970ies. In short, Herman José is the best known and most popular Portuguese comedian alive, even among tight competition. This is the most important thing to be said about him, and the article is lacking in this regard. In fact the article reads like an ill-disguised rep-ruining job commissioned by a disgruntled rival, or by anti-fans with an axe to grind. --Tuvalkin (talk) 10:30, 25 July 2011 (UTC)
misc.
Hermanias was the next show, with huge success, until the Portuguese government ordered public station RTP to cancel the show after a sketch based on the Last Supper originated a public petition against the show.
* There seems to be a mix-up: AFAIR, the Last Supper sketch ("Judas, Judas, declarações à imprensa?") was presented in Parabéns, inspired in a private dinner Mário Soares had with some friends shortly before he left office. Hermanías was suspended after some "historical" interviews, including interviewing Florbela Espanca was a sex addict. Comments, anyone? --Explendido Rocha 21:17, 9 January 2007 (UTC)
Hermanias wasn't suspended, Humor de Perdição was. And if someone's gonna claim it was by order of the government, they'd better have some evidence of that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:46, 12 June 2008 (UTC)
Nelo?
Where's Nelo from the famous "saga de Nelo e Idália"? :-) Hús ö nd 15:04, 23 April 2007 (UTC)
it were simple removed! i posted:
(
From Herman SIC
)
* Nélio: A homosexual man married with conservative woman (represented by Maria Rueff), which has a strong difficulty to control the stupidities he used to say, and to control his repressed homosexuality. (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buddFsynIKs video)
please help posting again, since it's true. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:00, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
Given that Herman José is German, it's strange the lack of a page in the German language. Aren't there any German speakers interested in editing it?
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
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Talk:Tetley
WikiProject Food and drink Tagging
This article talk page was automatically added with WikiProject Food and drink banner as it falls under Category:Food or one of its subcategories. If you find this addition an error, Kindly undo the changes and update the inappropriate categories if needed. The bot was instructed to tagg these articles upon consenus from WikiProject Food and drink. You can find the related request for tagging here. If you have concerns, please inform on the project talk page -- TinucherianBot (talk) 14:44, 3 July 2008 (UTC)
Current Human-Rights-Abuse scandal
I have added/moved information/citations from the recently-breaking human-rights-abuse issue: http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/video/2014/mar/01/tetley-tea-maids-real-price-cup-tea-video?CMP= http://web.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/microsites/human-rights-institute/files/tea_report_final_draft-smallpdf.pdf and changed some language that seemed to lacked NPOV: "it was claimed" in reference to the above reportage (out of Columbia Law School, The Human Rights Institute, & "The Guardian"); added source-cite for Columbia, and moved the Guardian source-cite to explicitly mark The Guardian as the source. Also, an un-sourced "the company has made clear" was changed to "the company has claimed". Taken together (the weak language on the claim-of-problem (particularly given the credibility & multiplicity of the sources), and the strong-assurance language that it's NOT a problem) it seemed to me that NPOV was not being upheld. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:20, 6 April 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Cambodia at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Cambodia competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1956 Summer Olympics. Because Cambodia decided to join the boycott over the Suez Crisis, the nation did not send any athletes to Melbourne, Australia where all but equestrian events were held in late November, and early December. To accommodate Australia's strict animal quarantine regulations, Dressage, Eventing, and Show Jumping were held in June at Stockholm Olympic Stadium. Two Cambodian riders, Isoup Ganthy, and Saing Pen, competed in the equestrian events. | WIKI |
Title
Clostridioides difficile infection after appendectomy: An analysis of short-term outcomes from the NSQIP database.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2022
Publication Title
Surgery
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile infection can be a significant complication in surgical patients. The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence and impact on outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in adult patients after appendectomy.
METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set was used to identify all patients with the primary procedure code of appendectomy between 2016 and 2018. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were extracted from the database, and descriptive statistics were performed. A multivariate logistic regression was created to identify predictors of Clostridioides difficile infection following appendectomy.
RESULTS: A total of 135,272 patients who underwent appendectomy were identified, and of those, 469(0.35%) developed Clostridioides difficile infection. Patients with Clostridioides difficile infection were more likely to be older (51.23 vs 40.47 years; P < .0001), female (P = .004), American Society of Anesthesiology score >2 (P < .0001), present with septic shock (P < .0001), or lack functional independence (P < .0001). Patients with Clostridioides difficile infection were more likely to have increased operative time (62.9 vs 50.4 minutes; P < .0001), have perforated appendicitis (48.9% vs 23.5%; P < .0001), and underwent open surgery (7.0% vs 4.0%; P = .0006). Postoperatively, patients with Clostridioides difficile infection required a longer length of stay (4.8 vs 1.8 days; P < .0001), had increased mortality (2.1% vs 0.1%; P < .0001), higher incidences of postoperative abscess (14.9% vs 2.9%; P < .0001), postoperative sepsis (15.1% vs 4.0%; P < .0001), and readmission (30.7% vs 3.4%; all P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, older age (P < .0001), female sex (P = .0043), septic shock (P = .0002), open surgery (P = .037), and dirty wound class (P = .0147) were all independently predictive factors of Clostridioides difficile infection after appendectomy.
CONCLUSION: Clostridioides difficile infection is an uncommon postoperative complication of appendectomy and is associated with worse outcomes and higher mortality. Older patients, female sex, those with sepsis, and those undergoing open surgery are at higher risk for developing Clostridioides difficile infection.
Volume
172
Issue
3
First Page
791
Last Page
797
DOI
10.1016/j.surg.2022.03.038
ISSN
1532-7361
PubMed ID
35705427
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Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD)
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur as a result of problems with the jaw, jaw joint and surrounding facial muscles that control chewing and moving the jaw.
What Is the Temporomandibular Joint?
The temporomandibular joint is the hinge joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the temporal bone of the skull, which is immediately in front of the ear on each side of your head. The joints are flexible, allowing the jaw to move smoothly up and down and side to side and enabling you to talk, chew, and yawn. Muscles attached to and surrounding the jaw joint control its position and movement.
What Causes TMD?
The cause of TMD is not clear, but dentists believe that symptoms arise from problems with the muscles of the jaw or with the parts of the joint itself.
Injury to the jaw, temporomandibular joint, or muscles of the head and neck ? such as from a heavy blow or whiplash ? can cause TMD. Other possible causes include:
• Grinding or clenching the teeth, which puts a lot of pressure on the TMJ
• Dislocation of the soft cushion or disc between the ball and socket
• Presence of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis in the TMJ
• Stress, which can cause a person to tighten facial and jaw muscles or clench the teeth
Temporomandibular Disorders (tmd)
What Are the Symptoms of TMD?
People with TMD can experience severe pain and discomfort that can be temporary or last for many years. More women than men experience TMD and TMD is seen most commonly in people between the ages of 20 and 40.
Common symptoms of TMD include:
• Pain or tenderness in the face, jaw joint area, neck and shoulders, and in or around the ear when you chew, speak or open your mouth wide
• Limited ability to open the mouth very wide
• Jaws that get "stuck" or "lock" in the open- or closed-mouth position
• Clicking, popping, or grating sounds in the jaw joint when opening or closing the mouth (which may or may not be accompanied by pain)
• A tired feeling in the face
• Difficulty chewing or a sudden uncomfortable bite ? as if the upper and lower teeth are not fitting together properly
• Swelling on the side of the face
Other common symptoms include toothaches, headaches, neckaches, dizziness, and earaches and hearing problems.
How Is TMD Diagnosed?
Because many other conditions can cause similar symptoms ? including a toothache , sinus problems, arthritis, or gum disease ? your dentist will conduct a careful patient history and clinical examination to determine the cause of your symptoms.
He or she will examine your temporomandibular joints for pain or tenderness; listen for clicking, popping or grating sounds during jaw movement; look for limited motion or locking of the jaw while opening or closing the mouth; and examine bite and facial muscle function. Sometimes panoramic x-rays will be taken. These full face x-rays allow your dentist to view the entire jaws, TMJ, and teeth to make sure other problems aren't causing the symptoms. Sometimes other imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a computer tomography (CT), are needed. The MRI views the soft tissue such as the TMJ disc to see if it is in the proper position as the jaw moves. A CT scan helps view the bony detail of the joint.
Your dentist may decide to send you to an oral surgeon (also called an oral and maxillofacial surgeon) for further care and treatment. This oral healthcare professional specializes in surgical procedures in and about the entire face, mouth and jaw area.
What Treatments Are Available for TMD?
Treatments range from simple self-care practices and conservative treatments to injections and open surgery. Most experts agree that treatment should begin with conservative, nonsurgical therapies first, with surgery left as the last resort. Many of the treatments listed below often work best when used in combination.
Basic Treatments
• Apply moist heat or cold packs. Apply an ice pack to the side of your face and temple area for about 10 minutes. Do a few simple stretching exercises for your jaw (as instructed by your dentist or physical therapist). After exercising, apply a warm towel or washcloth to the side of your face for about 5 minutes. Perform this routine a few times each day.
• Eat soft foods. Eat soft foods such as yogurt, mashed potatoes, cottage cheese, soup, scrambled eggs, fish, cooked fruits and vegetables, beans and grains. In addition, cut foods into small pieces to decrease the amount of chewing required. Avoid hard and crunchy foods (like hard rolls, pretzels, raw carrots), chewy foods (like caramels and taffy) and thick and large foods that require your mouth to open wide to fit.
• Take medications. To relieve muscle pain and swelling, try nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Aleve), which can be bought over-the-counter. Your dentist can prescribe higher doses of these or other NSAIDs or other drugs for pain such as narcotic analgesics. Muscle relaxants, especially for people who grind or clench their teeth, can help relax tight jaw muscles. Anti-anxiety medications can help relieve stress that is sometimes thought to aggravate TMD. Antidepressants, when used in low doses, can also help reduce or control pain. Muscle relaxants, anti-anxiety drugs and antidepressants are available by prescription only.
• Wear a splint or night guard. Splints and night guards are plastic mouthpieces that fit over the upper and lower teeth. They prevent the upper and lower teeth from coming together, lessening the effects of clenching or grinding the teeth. They also correct the bite by positioning the teeth in their most correct and least traumatic position. The main difference between splints and night guards is that night guards are only worn at night and splints are worn full time (24 hours a day for 7 days). Your dentist will discuss with you what type of mouth guard appliance you may need.
• Undergo corrective dental treatments. Replace missing teeth; use crowns, bridges or braces to balance the biting surfaces of your teeth or to correct a bite problem.
• Avoid extreme jaw movements. Keep yawning and chewing (especially gum or ice) to a minimum and avoid extreme jaw movements such as yelling or singing.
• Don't rest your chin on your hand or hold the telephone between your shoulder and ear. Practice good posture to reduce neck and facial pain.
• Keep your teeth slightly apart as often as you can to relieve pressure on the jaw. To control clenching or grinding during the day, place your tongue between your teeth.
• Learning relaxation techniques to help control muscle tension in the jaw. Ask your dentist about the need for physical therapy or massage. Consider stress reduction therapy, including biofeedback.
More Controversial Treatments
When the basic treatments listed above prove unsuccessful, your dentist may suggest one or more of the following:
• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). This therapy uses low-level electrical currents to provide pain relief by relaxing the jaw joint and facial muscles. This treatment can be done at the dentist's office or at home.
• Ultrasound. Ultrasound treatment is deep heat that is applied to the TMJ to relieve soreness or improve mobility.
• Trigger-point injections. Pain medication or anesthesia is injected into tender facial muscles called "trigger points"" to relieve pain.
• Radio wave therapy. Radio waves create a low level electrical stimulation to the joint, which increases blood flow. The patient experiences relief of pain in the joint.
Surgery
Surgery should only be considered after all other treatment options have been tried and you are still experiencing severe, persistent pain. Because surgery is irreversible, it is wise to get a second or even third opinion from other dentists.
There are three types of surgery for TMD: arthrocentesis, arthroscopy and open-joint surgery. The type of surgery needed depends on the TMD problem.
• Arthrocentesis. This is a minor procedure performed in the office under general anesthesia. It is performed for sudden-onset, closed lock cases (restricted jaw opening) in patients with no significant prior history of TMJ problems. The surgery involves inserting needles inside the affected joint and washing out the joint with sterile fluids. Occasionally, the procedure may involve inserting a blunt instrument inside of the joint. The instrument is used in a sweeping motion to remove tissue adhesion bands and to dislodge a disc that is stuck in front of the condyle (the part of your TMJ consisting of the "ball" portion of the "ball and socket")
• Arthroscopy. Patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery first are given general anesthesia. The surgeon then makes a small incision in front of the ear and inserts a small, thin instrument that contains a lens and light. This instrument is hooked up to a video screen, allowing the surgeon to examine the TMJ and surrounding area. Depending on the cause of the TMD, the surgeon may remove inflamed tissue or realign the disc or condyle.
Compared with open surgery, this surgery is less invasive, leaves less scarring, and is associated with minimal complications and a shorter recovery time. Depending on the cause of the TMD, arthroscopy may not be possible, and open-joint surgery will need to be considered.
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Simple Guide to Minecraft/Adventure
Adventure mode is the same as Survival, except the player can only break blocks with tools with the NBT tag and place blocks with the NBT tag. It is often used in player made maps to prevent griefing. | WIKI |
User:Kb.au/Death of Karen Ristevski
Karen Ristevski was an Australian woman whose body was discovered at Mount Macedon eight-months after she went missing on 29 June 2016. After a two-and-half year investigation following her disappearance her husband Borce Ristevski, who had previously denied any involvement in her death pleaded guilty to her manslaughter. At the time of his guilty plea, Ristevski had been about to face trial on a murder charge relating to her death. Prosecutors agreed to downgrade the charge after the Supreme Court ruled that Ristevski post-offence conduct could not be used as evidence to establish intent to murder. | WIKI |
User:Hajji Piruz
{| style="border: 3px solid ;"
= Creations & Major Contributions = My interests are mainly Iranian and Caucasian history, and this is reflected in my edits and contributions. I am an active member of Wikiproject Iran, Wikiproject Azerbaijan, Wikiproject Caucasus, and Wikiproject Former Countries. What I consider "major contributions" are contributions that are extensive compared to the size of the article and articles where I was involved in a lot of discussion and research for.
Misc.
Babek (film), European Iranologist Society, Shadows in the Desert: Persia at War
Geography
Talysh Mountains, Ashooradeh Island, Anzali Lagoon, History of the name Azerbaijan (contributor), South Caucasus (contributor) , Abbasabad, Mughan plain, Mil plain, Shirvan (Iran)
People (both real and fictional)
Hajji Firuz (fictional), Ardumanish, Sahl ibn-Sunbat, Xavier De Planhol, Dabir Azam Hosna, Arranis, Shirvanis
Politics
Iran-Tajikistan relations, Iran-Afghanistan relations, Iran-Armenia relations, Iran-Azerbaijan relations, Iran-Bangladesh relations, Iran-Georgia relations, Azeri cartoon controversy in Iran, Iran-Turkmenistan relations, Iran-Uzbekistan relations, Georgia-Azerbaijan relations, Azerbaijan National Democrat Party
History
Ionia (satrapy), Macedon (satrapy), Cappadocia (satrapy), Lydia (satrapy), Thrace (satrapy), Cilicia (satrapy), Taxila (satrapy), Sattagydia, Gedrosia (satrapy), Maka (satrapy), Bactria (satrapy), Parthia (satrapy), Chorasmia (satrapy), Kush (satrapy), Arabia (satrapy), Libya (satrapy), Districts of the Achaemenid Empire, Balasagan, Carmania (satrapy), Asuristan, Albania (satrapy), Paratan (satrapy), Kushanshahr, Maishan, Abarshahr, Patishkhwagar, List of Iranic titles and ranks, Persia-Georgia relations, List of Iranian states and empires, Mihranids, Caucasus Albania (contributor), History of Azerbaijan (contributor) , Beylagan (town) (contributor) , Khanates of the Caucasus, Caucasian origin of the Azerbaijanis, Chernomore Governorate
Languages
Sacian language, Ashtiani language
Templates
Achaemenid Provinces, Sassanid Provinces. Foreign relations of Iran (contributor)
Categories
Provinces of the Achaemenid Empire, Provinces of the Sassanid Empire, Treaties of Iran
= To-do list =
Articles
Persia, Elam, and Saka (as a provinces of Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sassanid Empires) - Shaddadid (organize, re-write, add more information, etc...) - Iran-Georgia relations (finish article)
Templates
*Postponed* Finish Template:Sassanid Provinces - Finish Template:Foreign relations of Iran
* } | WIKI |
If your home, health or business cannot be without electrical power for any length of time, standby generators are a good idea for those few times power is interrupted. But there are some special safety precautions you must take for your home or business, if you switch over to the alternate power source.
Transfer switches, usually at the meter, disconnect power from the existing electric source (PREMA) and switch to the standby generator. The switch prevents power from feeding back into the PREMA system, getting stepped up at the transformer and causing major damage and/or lost lives back up the line.
When power is out on the PREMA system, our lineman will be out working on the lines to restore power. Safety demands that lines be de-energized while working on them. They are also grounded for additional assurance. PREMA does work on lines while they are energized but under different circumstances. If a 240-volt surge comes back from a generator, it can be stepped up to full line voltage at the transformer and could travel through the lines where PREMA men are working.
The problem is not unique to the PREMA system. In fact, the National Electrical Code requires transfer equipment. Section 230-83 says transfer equipment, including transfer switches shall operate such that all ungrounded conductors of one source of supply are disconnected before any ungrounded conductors of the second source are connected.
Suitable transfer equipment, including transfer switches, is required to ensure that successful shifting of loads from normal power to emergency power will occur without back feeding into utility power lines. National electrical code is developed by the National Fire Protection Association.
PREMA will install transfer switches on a residential service for a fee of up to $450.00. This is less than half the cost of the switch and installation. For any non-residential services, the cost to the consumer will be assessed at PREMA's cost of the switch and installation.
If you have any questions about safe use of generators, please contact PREMA at 308-762-1311 for more information.
Effective Date 01/01/18 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Evolution of Life (Henry Cadwalader Chapman, 1873).djvu/179
Rh and Germinal spot, lying upon the yellow yolk of the unlaid egg. Whatever view be taken of the relations of the eggs of the Vertebrata, the important point to be noticed is that the embryo of a fish, batrachian, reptile, bird, or mammal, including man at an early stage of life, is a guitar-shaped body (Figs. 177, 167), consisting of three membranes lying over one another, and narrowly bound together (Fig. 168); and if we were ignorant of the animal whose egg had been transformed into such a body, it would be very often impossible to say what would result from its development. These membranes are called blastodermic, or tissue germinating from the organs of the future animal growing in them.
The skin and central nervous system are developed in the External, or upper membrane; the osseous, muscular, vascular, reproductive, and urinary systems, the walls of the alimentary canal, and its appendages, are produced in the Middle membrane; while the epithelium, which lines the alimentary canal and its appendages, the lungs, liver, etc., is derived from the Internal or lower membrane.
In speaking of the Primitive trace, at page 127, we called attention to the furrow known as the Primitive groove. As development proceeds, this furrow deepens, and if the | WIKI |
18
I've tried Diskpart commands like "list" "volume" (no it's not that at all), "disk" and "partition"; but it still don't work.
\Device\Harddiskvolume0 seems to not be used, since \Device\Harddiskvolume1 means the first Windows' partition (aka "System Reserved") and \Device\Harddiskvolume2 is for C:.
So the question is: How to list every \Device\Harddiskvolume in Windows' 7 installation disk (for BCD editing) ?
6 Answers 6
13
I adapted @merle's answer by using the approach documented on MSDN.
It shows drives:
• without drive letters
• mounted to a folder
• with drive letters
Sample output:
DriveLetter DevicePath VolumeName
----------- ---------- ----------
\Device\HarddiskVolume5 \\?\Volume{a2b4c6d8-0000-0000-00000100000000000}\
E:\ \Device\HarddiskVolume9 \\?\Volume{a2b4c6d8-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc}\
C:\Mounted\My-Folder-Mount\ \Device\HarddiskVolume13 \\?\Volume{a2b4c6d8-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc}\
PowerShell script:
$signature = @'
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
public static extern bool GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] string lpszVolumeName,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)] [Out] StringBuilder lpszVolumeNamePaths, uint cchBuferLength,
ref UInt32 lpcchReturnLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern IntPtr FindFirstVolume([Out] StringBuilder lpszVolumeName,
uint cchBufferLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool FindNextVolume(IntPtr hFindVolume, [Out] StringBuilder lpszVolumeName, uint cchBufferLength);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern uint QueryDosDevice(string lpDeviceName, StringBuilder lpTargetPath, int ucchMax);
'@;
Add-Type -MemberDefinition $signature -Name Win32Utils -Namespace PInvoke -Using PInvoke,System.Text;
[UInt32] $lpcchReturnLength = 0;
[UInt32] $Max = 65535
$sbVolumeName = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder($Max, $Max)
$sbPathName = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder($Max, $Max)
$sbMountPoint = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder($Max, $Max)
[IntPtr] $volumeHandle = [PInvoke.Win32Utils]::FindFirstVolume($sbVolumeName, $Max)
do {
$volume = $sbVolumeName.toString()
$unused = [PInvoke.Win32Utils]::GetVolumePathNamesForVolumeNameW($volume, $sbMountPoint, $Max, [Ref] $lpcchReturnLength);
$ReturnLength = [PInvoke.Win32Utils]::QueryDosDevice($volume.Substring(4, $volume.Length - 1 - 4), $sbPathName, [UInt32] $Max);
if ($ReturnLength) {
$DriveMapping = @{
DriveLetter = $sbMountPoint.toString()
VolumeName = $volume
DevicePath = $sbPathName.ToString()
}
Write-Output (New-Object PSObject -Property $DriveMapping)
}
else {
Write-Output "No mountpoint found for: " + $volume
}
} while ([PInvoke.Win32Utils]::FindNextVolume([IntPtr] $volumeHandle, $sbVolumeName, $Max));
1
• 2
Nice! A few other useful outputs to add might be the FileSystemLabel (aka FriendlyName), Size, and perhaps the corresponding disk and partition numbers. For my hacky one-off purposes, I just tacked these two lines on to the end of your script, so I could manually match the Volume GUIDs. Get-Volume | Select DriveLetter, FileSystemLabel, FileSystemType, Size, Path | Format-Table -Autosize and with a new line Get-Partition | Select DiskNumber, PartitionNumber, AccessPaths, Size | Sort-Object -Property DiskNumber, PartitionNumber | Format-Table -Autosize Apr 29, 2020 at 22:23
9
Found a powershell script that lists the mounted volumes:
# Biuild System Assembly in order to call Kernel32:QueryDosDevice.
$DynAssembly = New-Object System.Reflection.AssemblyName('SysUtils')
$AssemblyBuilder = [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.DefineDynamicAssembly($DynAssembly, [Reflection.Emit.AssemblyBuilderAccess]::Run)
$ModuleBuilder = $AssemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule('SysUtils', $False)
# Define [Kernel32]::QueryDosDevice method
$TypeBuilder = $ModuleBuilder.DefineType('Kernel32', 'Public, Class')
$PInvokeMethod = $TypeBuilder.DefinePInvokeMethod('QueryDosDevice', 'kernel32.dll', ([Reflection.MethodAttributes]::Public -bor [Reflection.MethodAttributes]::Static), [Reflection.CallingConventions]::Standard, [UInt32], [Type[]]@([String], [Text.StringBuilder], [UInt32]), [Runtime.InteropServices.CallingConvention]::Winapi, [Runtime.InteropServices.CharSet]::Auto)
$DllImportConstructor = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute].GetConstructor(@([String]))
$SetLastError = [Runtime.InteropServices.DllImportAttribute].GetField('SetLastError')
$SetLastErrorCustomAttribute = New-Object Reflection.Emit.CustomAttributeBuilder($DllImportConstructor, @('kernel32.dll'), [Reflection.FieldInfo[]]@($SetLastError), @($true))
$PInvokeMethod.SetCustomAttribute($SetLastErrorCustomAttribute)
$Kernel32 = $TypeBuilder.CreateType()
$Max = 65536
$StringBuilder = New-Object System.Text.StringBuilder($Max)
Get-WmiObject Win32_Volume | ? { $_.DriveLetter } | % {
$ReturnLength = $Kernel32::QueryDosDevice($_.DriveLetter, $StringBuilder, $Max)
if ($ReturnLength)
{
$DriveMapping = @{
DriveLetter = $_.DriveLetter
DevicePath = $StringBuilder.ToString()
}
New-Object PSObject -Property $DriveMapping
}
}
Source: http://www.morgantechspace.com/2014/11/Get-Volume-Path-from-Drive-Name-using-Powershell.html
Output looks like this:
DevicePath DriveLetter
---------- -----------
\Device\HarddiskVolume2 F:
\Device\HarddiskVolume7 J:
\Device\HarddiskVolume10 D:
\Device\HarddiskVolume12 E:
\Device\HarddiskVolume5 C:
2
• 1
Unfortunately, this does not list the volumes that aren't mounted under a drive letter.
– phant0m
Feb 1, 2019 at 15:07
• Here is my adapted script that shows all drives, no matter whether folder mounted or no drive letter at all: superuser.com/a/1401025/59487
– phant0m
Dec 2, 2019 at 11:06
5
The reason I couldn't get things done is that HarddiskVolume doesn't reflect Diskpart volumes -which only lists every Windows readable volumes-.
In fact, it works with every partitions available on the disk -even the non-Windows ones-, by order they appear like in Linux's Gparted.
E.g, if you have an sda4 before sda3, this latter will show as is -sda4 then sda3- (HarddiskVolume4 then HarddiskVolume3).
So, it means that HarddiskVolume0 mainly don't exist in BCD.
The commands that helped me to understand that are:
mountvol /L
bootsect /nt60 all /force -> Be careful with that one !!!
These links also helped me:
Finally, if you have a spare Windows, just run DriveLetterView to see how Windows works with HarddiskVolume.
Note: The HarddiskVolume is a WMI/COM notation
1
• If you can install 3rd party tools, DriveLetterView from the venerable Nirsoft, as mentioned here, is by far the easiest, in this humble tech's opinion. Gives you disk numbers and volume numbers, volume drive letters, and everything else (vendor, disk name, volume name, disk space, etc) all in one nice easy view, saveable to disk. Dec 23, 2020 at 4:17
5
The easiest way without installing anything and tinkering with Powershell scripts might be System Information Viewer a portable Windows application. This app is great because it provides nearly every information about your machine / hardware. It not only offers a read out of hard drive related data rather nearly everything about your device can be found. Moreover it's very lightweight but TBH a bit confusing structured.
Finally, how do you find drive information? Under Volumes ▼ there is the option Volume List that will give you an overview of all \Device\HarddiskvolumeXX present on your computer. Additionally you get drive letter and GUID of your partitions.
To list all \Device\HarddiskVolumeXX including those that are not mounted under any drive letter per physical driver together with the disk number (like seen in Windows Disk Management). Open the Volumes ▼ dropdown and choose Disk Mapping.
I also want to highlight the option Drives which displays \.\PhysicalDriveXX, path, unit and controller IDs. The listing under Drive Mapping might also be quite useful.
2
• @phant0m I took your proposed edit and integrated it to some degree into the post even as it was rejected by the mods. I find the information added useful, however I kept the original structuring and just added new paragraph instead.
– thex
Feb 5, 2019 at 11:27
• @phant0m "This edit was intended to address the author of the post and makes no sense as an edit. It should have been written as a comment or an answer."
– thex
Mar 23, 2019 at 10:30
0
An easier way to do it is as written below. I've also customized a couple of the columns.
Please run the below in PowerShell:
Get-CimInstance win32_volume -ComputerName "Enter Your Computer Name, or Multiple Computer Names" | select @{n="ComputerName";e={$_.PSComputerName}},DriveLetter,@{n="Capacity(GB)";e={$_.Capacity / 1gb -as [int]}},@{n="Free(GB)";e={$_.FreeSpace / 1gb -as [int]}} | ft -AutoSize
1
• This is for PowerShell v3 only, user specified for Windows 7 which doesn't come with v3 by default.
– JasonXA
Mar 29, 2019 at 4:38
-1
If you want just to find out where your system BCD store is take a look at \REGISTRY\MACHINE\BCD00000000 value in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\hivelist registry key. Yes, its location can differ from \Device\HardDiskVolume1 even if it is on the 1st partition of the 1st physical disk.
Your Answer
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Post-Hospital Care: Ensuring a Smooth Recovery for Seniors Aging in Place
Post-hospital care helps aging seniors recover better and faster after a surgery or hospital stay.
Post-hospital care helps aging seniors recover better and faster after a surgery or hospital stay.
Recovering from a hospital stay can be challenging, especially for seniors aging in place. Effective post-hospital care is essential to support their recovery and ensure they remain safe and comfortable in their own homes. It’s important for seniors and their loved ones to understand what effective post-hospital care looks like to ensure the best recovery possible.
Understanding Post-Hospital Care Needs
While not every senior is the same, there are a few common things post-hospital care should include. The first step is to have open communication with the medical team throughout the senior’s hospital stay, including talking about post-hospital care earlier rather than on the day of discharge. In doing so, loved ones and seniors can be prepared for what services might be needed, including the following:
Medication Management
Managing medications can be overwhelming for seniors after a hospital stay. Skilled nursing plays a vital role in ensuring that medications are taken correctly and on time. They also help organize prescriptions, provide reminders, and monitor for any adverse reactions. This support helps prevent complications and readmissions, ensuring a smoother recovery.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Physical therapy is often necessary after a hospital stay to help seniors regain strength and mobility. Home health can encourage seniors to complete the exercises assigned to them, ensuring these activities are performed safely. This support is crucial in helping seniors regain their independence and prevent further injuries.
Assistance with Daily Tasks
While recovering, seniors may need assistance with daily tasks like cleaning, cooking, and managing hygiene issues. Additionally, seniors who may receive follow-ups via telehealth may need assistance setting this up. Finally, when those follow-ups are in person, many seniors will need assistance with transportation. At-home post-hospital care can offer all of these things and more.
Understanding the Importance of Personalized Care Plans
As mentioned above, not all seniors are the same, and their post-hospital care plans shouldn’t be either. However, the following things should be included to help ensure successful recovery:
Assessment of Individual Needs
Creating a personalized care plan starts with a thorough assessment of the senior’s needs. Home health evaluates their physical condition, daily routine, and specific health requirements. This assessment helps in developing a tailored plan that addresses all aspects of their recovery.
Adjustments and Monitoring
A good post-hospital care plan is flexible and adjusts to the senior’s progress. Regular updates and open communication with loved ones and healthcare providers ensure that care remains effective and responsive to changing needs.
The Importance of a Collaborative Post-Hospital Care Approach
It’s easy to see that for post-hospital care to be effective, there has to be collaboration with various health professionals. Working with home health agencies, physical therapists, and physicians ensures a comprehensive care approach. This team effort helps in addressing all aspects of the senior’s health, promoting a faster and safer recovery. It also ensures that seniors are supported every step of the way—physically and emotionally.
Post-hospital care is essential for seniors aging in place, ensuring their smooth and safe recovery. By understanding their needs, creating personalized care plans, and choosing the right home health provider, families can support their loved ones in maintaining their independence and quality of life.
If you or someone you know needs help with Post-Hospital Care in Comstock Park, MI, contact Gauthier Family Home Care. We provide quality and affordable home care services in our community. Call us at (616) 560-4057 for more information.
Sources:
Gauthier Family Home Care | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia talk:Neutral point of view/Archive 005
Crossfirism and POV inclusionism
Crossfirism - the tendency of articles to give the false appearance of NPOV by including a criticism section, but then proceeding to include a point->counter-point debunking of all the criticism in said section. Something really needs to be said about this practice on Wikipedia, because offering criticism than trying to debunk as its presented is not terribly POV. This seems to be fairly common. Another less common practice I've noticed is POV inclusionism. That is, people would rather keep inaccurate and very POV information in an article than have that information completely removed, even when they admit that it's blatantly POV. I'm not talking about when someone removes an entire paragraph because of a single bad sentence, I'm talking about selective removal of just POV sentences. Something about that has to do stop. There's also a related tendency for POV pushers to assume an expiration date on NPOV tag notices. I've seen several people say things like "I don't like seeing that NPOV tag up there for so long, so I'll just remove it even though the situation hasn't been addressed." People do this acknowledging an unfixed POV issue. It should be emphasized that NPOV tags have no expiration date and remain indefinitely until the dispute is resolved.
Nathan J. Yoder 23:21, 22 October 2005 (UTC)
* I know what you mean about crossfireism, but I think wikipedia is ok having POVs as long as they are attributed to the people that hold them. "An article which clearly, accurately, and fairly describes all the majors points of view will, by definition, be in accordance with Wikipedia's official "Neutral Point of View" policy. Each POV should be clearly labeled and described, so readers know: (a) Who advocates the point of view (b)What their arguments are (supporting evidence, reasoning, etc.)." The question is how to stylistically lay these POVs out so that one POV doesn't get "the last word" thus implying that that POV is the one the reader should adopt. Perhaps there is a way to write a section conclusion that says, "despite these contrary views, there is no consensus at this time." MPS 14:56, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
* Wikipedia is ok having POVs but only when facts can not be used in their place. See Facts precede opinions. Bensaccount 14:55, 25 December 2005 (UTC)
I know the criteria on including POVs (being notable and verfiable), but the problem is that the way it's presented in this case is inherently POV. There needs to be a section written in WP:NPOV addressing the issue on how people decide to write criticism, because this seems to be a common problem. Nathan J. Yoder 07:08, 26 October 2005 (UTC)
About the NPOV tag, I would like to know where is written the rule that says that removing a POV tag requires a consensus? Apparently, it is at the best only a folk rule in Wikipedia. --Lumiere 17:04, 17 January 2006 (UTC)
* Anything sufficiently disputed requires consensus. If you have people oppposed to removing a tag, consensus wins. It's a fundamental building block of this entire project. DreamGuy 12:35, 23 January 2006 (UTC)
* Hey, I now notice that Bensaccount referred above to an apparent Wikipedia guideline that he alone wrote himself! . Very funny, and I actually like that article, but his referal to it without mentioning that fact is very misleading nevertheless. Harald88 22:29, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Sensational views of complicated subject
I'm working on the Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP) page at the moment. At times, we are faced with quite a common view of what NLP is that doesn't seem to have any basis in what any NLP source (training/books) actually says. This means we're faced with a situation where we can genuinely say "Many people believe NLP to be XXXX", where XXXX is simply not mentioned. Now, how do we identify this kind of outside group without bias? If we say "NLP detractors" that really doesn't explain who they are (kind of like saying "Negative people have negative things to say"). "People who have heard of NLP but never done an NLP training or read a book on NLP believe..." might describe them, but also seems biased (and wordy). "People who misunderstand NLP"... well that group certainly wouldn't accept that label!, "The same people who criticise hypnosis criticise NLP" might be closer... but we are also making an association (this one happens to be a common one). How do we describe that kind of group fairly? Thanks GregA 23:16, 25 October 2005 (UTC)
* I'm new here so take my suggestion with loads of salt, but how about you treat the different views of what NPL is separately, and start off the article by defining the 'NPL' that will be discussed. Eg "There are differing views of what NPL is. This article will focus on the view of NPL according to references A,B,C... that NPL is XYZ... etc etc." and mention that the other views will be briefly reviewed afterwards. Then at the end review the other view(s) with whatever references exist if any? ant 14:02, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
Pseudoscience
''There is a minority of Wikipedians who feel so strongly about this problem that they believe Wikipedia should adopt a "scientific point of view" rather than a "neutral point of view." However, it has not been established that there is really a need for such a policy, given that the scientists' view of pseudoscience can be clearly, fully, and fairly explained to believers of pseudoscience.''
It's obvious what the need is. If you don't have a Scientific Point of View, misleading articles describing Astrology or conspiracy theories show up. The editors of these often use NPOV as a excuse for not including criticism and skeptical views. Also, articles like John Edward or Sylvia Browne have talk pages saying they can't just go out and say the truth: that they're frauds. Someone could come to Wikipedia and assume that astrology is widely accepted simply due to the biased nature of the article. Hell, the article on people who claim they don't need to eat or drink (breatharianism) suggests this could be true when any school kid could point out how false it is. And, also, pseudoscientists aren't actually scientists, so they do not apply to the moronic 'minority point of view' rule. And that isn't a example of a 'no true Scotsman' fallacy as you there is a differance between actual scientists and pseudoscientists. --RPGLand2000 23:28, 27 October 2005 (UTC)
Thats true, and I agree. On the other hand.... there is a matching problem oddly enough too: FT2 17:38, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
Your discussion is fascinating. I'd urge caution. I can think of a few noteworthy examples where the scientific community missed something significant for a while. One that comes to mind is the Victorian dismissal of indigenous herbal healers as witch doctors and superstition. Later on pharmacology discovers that some of those plants have medicinal value. Being right, though, does not make a non-scientist a scientist.
Nor does it mean that some claim advanced in the name of herbalism are right or even ethical. A whole industry of fringe medicine preys on desperate people with terminal conditions. It's easy to see the harm this causes when the subject is health. With other sciences - maybe it takes being part of the subculture to see their perspective. Most NASA scientists I've known will respond to a question about UFOs by suppressing a groan and leaving. Durova 00:19, 31 October 2005 (UTC)
Majority view
The guideline states, "the task is to represent the majority (scientific) view as the majority view and the minority (sometimes pseudoscientific) view as the minority view". Apparently some editors are reading this as a way to justify writing the entire article from the majority's perspective. It should be known that the majority's view should not interfere with accurately depicting what the article's topic is really all about. For instance, astrology's article accurately identifies what the astrologers believe, without the critics' POV distorting this. Some editors might view the current phrase as saying the purpose of the article is to show the majority's view on the subject. You see how this can be bothersome? Instead of an article about pseuodoscience, we would end up with an article abotu what the majority thinks of pseudoscience. I believe this would interfere with the reader's ability to understand the topic. Imagine someone looking to write an essay on a certain topic, the way things can potentially end up would make wikipedia a bad source of information. Another problem with it is that the majority's view on a subject may change over time, but the original concept may not. glocks out 00:10, 16 November 2005 (UTC) What about non-scientific views that represent a majority point of view, such as religious beliefs? Applejuicefool 16:24, 24 January 2006 (UTC)
Science also has a POV
I added this section to WP:NPOV between "Pseudoscience" and "Religion":
* Science doesn't know everything, and in particular its results on this field are not representative of the field
* This is the opposite problem to the concern above, that lack of scientific belief is not, of itself, proof of incorrectness. This would be a form of argument from ignorance, the idea that because something is not yet proven, or so far has not been found true, or is not yet believed by all, it cannot be so. Wikipedia must also strive to avoid this error. So there will be cases where a matter is clearly unscientific and this should be made clear; cases where a matter is supported or thrown in doubt so far as we know by science, and this should be made clear; and cases where it is possible that science has not yet made full enquiry, or has not yet developed appropriate methods of testing, or the test conclusions are strongly contradicted by other significant evidence, or the matter is outside the purview of science, and if so, this should be made clear.
* Examples of the latter may include some aspects of the Arts, religion and spirituality, philosophy and psychology, and new, controversial or emotive topics such as child abuse, and medical and alternative medicine treatments, that have perhaps not yet been fully tested in the traditional scientific manner. It is important to remember that for decades, up till the 1950's at least, hypnotherapy (to take one example) was largely treated as pseudoscience, because it was not easy to design a suitable test for it that met traditional scientific replicability and double-blind subject-object type criteria. Now it is recognized as clinically legitimate, by virtually every major professional body involved, and studied and practiced worldwide. (Psychologically related topics in particular can be notoriously difficult to "prove" in a scientific style, and new approaches have often been received as pseudoscience for some decadesor even received poor results in controlled testing until a respectable basis of case-history and professional usage builds up to demonstrate its value)
* Science has sometimes been defined as "that which is studied by scientists". It has immense value, but it is ultimately, also, a point of view. It too is capable of its own bias. Unavoidably, scientists must choose what they will study, how they will approach it, and what range of conclusions to consider. For some subjects and articles, this means it will have to be balanced with other points of view, rather than presumed to be the benchmark by which other views are measured, and each aproach described in an appropriate manner. Important though it is, relying upon science and its viewpoint as the only or main measure of value may at times be misleading. Sometimes the most that is known to be true is that the scientific view is one view of several and we cannot know yet which is ultimately "the right one" (if any). Admission of this uncertainty is appropriate for some articles. It is an important factor to be aware of.
* Practically, this means that lack of scientific support, or even scientific dismissal, will usually be relevant to and clearly described in an article. However where there are other serious points of view that must be disclosed and included fully in a manner that presents them on their own terms, for neutrality purposes, then doing so is also an essential part of Wikipedia NPOV.
This was reverted with a request to explain here, and a comment as to length.
1/ The length is possibly an issue. However excessive length is an indicator to summarize (or for others to do so) - it is not a signal that a subject is incorrect. If the original text is too long, that is my flaw as a copy writer. Please edit and correct.
2/ The subject matter above, I argue, is a critical aspect of neutrality. Science is above all a methodology, conservative in nature. Its practitioners, whilst they attempt to be neutral, are human. Sometimes they fail. Sometimes their knowledge, or ability to test, or approach, is lacking. In some cases, formal scientific opinion is the consensus standard for a subject, and hence the one that guides the article. But crucially, for certain articles, there may be doubt whether science is in fact concluding appropriately, or representing other aspects of the matter fully. Of Plato's "the Beautiful, the Good and the True", only the latter, and only some aspects of it at that, can be tested for neutrality using formal scientific methodology, a methodology that itself must develop by trial and error when new fields become the subject of investigation. In others, the results found by science are disputed, sometimes rightly and sometimes wrongly.
My concern is to not give a back-door to pseudoscience. But there is a certain kind of editor to whom "what science says" is the only test of truth, much like a devout religionist. My contention is, there are articles where it is important to recognise that science has its own inherent point of view, and its own bias too. It is not always, merely by virtue of being scientific, the only important viewpoint, even if it dismisses other viewpoints. So there needs to be in WP:NPOV a reminder that whilst what is labelled as "scientific view" is important, it is not always the gold standard and last word just because it is a view by a scientist.
Science is unusual because it's the one point of view where many people (who might see POV in a religion or philosophy) view science as being by definition neutral. It isn't. As a result, some subjects where science at present condemns or is ignorant, or the subject is new or difficult to test in the usual ways, the counter point of view may be and at times is stifled badly as a result.
Examples and further detail provided upon request.
(Yes I know it's long. I'm sorry. Brevity did not come to me on this. Please read and consider, rather than critique length) FT2 17:38, 30 October 2005 (UTC)
Mention 'POV selective fact suppression' in the NPOV article
I have recently created a wikipedia article titled 'POV selective fact suppression'. Read it, so that I don't have to take up much more space by copying it here (This page takes so long to load).
I recommend that it be mentioned in the main NPOV article, as it is a very common POV problem. --NPOVenforcer
* Oh boy, seen that one. YES! FT2 00:09, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
* (I'm dealing with a POV warfare and suppression issue right now. FT2 19:21, 8 December 2005)
Article point of view vs general Neutral point of view
It seems to me that some articles themselves, by definition, express a point of view, in which case a neutral point of view (NPOV), has a slightly different meaning. For example: --Iantresman 13:43, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
* An article on cosmology (study of the Universe) should provide a balance of the different types of cosmology, eg. Big Bang Cosmology, Steady state theory, Plasma cosmology, etc.
* But an article on, for example, the Big Bang Cosmology should present cosmology from the point of view the Big Bang theory? In which case, a NPOV might mention that there are other cosmologies, but the article would not need to balance each fact with counterpoints on each and every alternative cosmololgy?
* In other words, an article's inherent point of view, ie. the subject of the article, takes precedence over a more general neutral point of view?
* And using this particular example, the same point of view would apply to articles on Steady State theroy, and Plasma Cosmology.
* Your argument presumes that there is one, true, neutral point of view per article -- the editors share a goal of arriving at this singular true neutral point of view. I deny this.
* I think articles where opinions matter more than facts -- i.e. politics, historical interpretation, etc. -- the goal is to make a presentation of all sides and let secondary sources (i.e., the advocates) be quoted to give the reader a summary of this subject in the non-Wiki world. I call this the principle of They debate, we report, you decide (with apologies to Fox News)
* There are many poor articles where one or both sides didn't let the secondary sources do the heavy lifting but the editors declared themselves advocates and made their case in a debate in the article or its talk page. These articles becomes so long that one side yells bloat, and begun the edit wars have. You are left with a transcript of the wikipedian debate and not a useful article in many cases.
* The worst articles are where one side won and in essence wrote or rewrote the article to present their side either totally supportive or totally antagonistic to their subject. patsw 16:54, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
* Does that mean, that for an article on totalitarianism, that I should discuss democracy? Surely a discussion on both totalitarianism and democracy is best placed in an article on politcal system, and an article on totalitarianism should be described from a totalitarianism point of view?
* Surely the whole point of having an article on a specific subject, is to primarily to explain that subject, from the point of view of that subject? Otherwise we end up with the following:
* Totalitarianism is a political system. Of course there are lots of other polical systems such as democracy, liberalism, convervatism, etc.
* --Iantresman 20:45, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
* Ian- I looked through the various cosmology articles and their history. I noticed that there is a wikipedia user named 'Joke137' that has been extremely POV, having selectively deleted all sorts of objective facts that make his own POV look bad (POV selective fact suppression). There are others also. My point is that cosmology is one of the most POV-ridden subjects on wikipedia. It definitely needs to be more NPOV. NPOVenforcer 03:32, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* I agree with Iantresman. The main article should be the topic covered. Every POV should not, and can not, be shown in every article. It is true this isn't a paper encyclopedia, but in those the main article only tells what the specific theory/idea/eschatology/etc with a reference to related articles. For instance, the Wikipedia entry for flat earth more closely resembles an encycolpedia entry than the intelligent design article that looks more like a message board debate. (The ID article is particularly ridiculous). For the same reason I wouldn't want to read about democracy (a majority view) in an article about anarchy (a minority view), I don't want to read about opposing POVs from scientists, theologians, etc. glocks out 19:35, 15 November 2005 (UTC)
* Excellent point, Iantresman. An article on concept A should dwell on A and its sub-concepts and should not do much more than make reference to competing concepts B (majority view), C and D for the reader to lookup if interested. An article ostensibly on A but dwelling on B is going to be an unstable mess. If there is a lot of debate a comparison article A vs B may help to remove the debate from the articles on A and B. ant 14:17, 16 November 2005 (UTC)
* Based on the albeit limited consensus to date, how does one go about formalising this description, and seeing whether this point can be submitted for Wikipedi policy? --Iantresman 19:38, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
Wikipedia:POV fork
POV fork is now a guideline.
"POV selective fact suppression"
The section POV selective fact suppression has just been added to the policy document. I submit that this has no consensus support. If there is no substantial objection that would show a consensus to make this part of official policy, I'll revert within a day or so. — Saxifrage | ☎ 09:23, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* I agree that there is no consensus for this. I'm moving it to the talk page so that we can decide before it becomes policy. --Apyule 11:25, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* FYI people, Saxifrage stalked me to this page from the page polyamory, in which said user and I conflicted, meaning that Saxifrage is harassing me. That is a clear violation of wikipedia policy. NPOVenforcer 04:05, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
POV selective fact suppression (from project page)
In wikipedia, one of the most common forms of violating the strict wikipedia NPOV policy is to selectively remove specific facts from an article so as to give a false impression of the truth.
To illustrate how POV selective fact suppression works:
Suppose that there is belief A and belief B. Some evidence favors belief A and other evidence favors belief B. The NPOV policy is to include all relevant facts in an article. In POV selective fact suppression, evidence that supports one or the other beliefs is deleted by the opposition.
An other variant of this behavior is to delete the details of why one's own evidence favors one's own position, when those details reveal that the evidence is in fact very weak.
Yet an other variant of this behavior is to delete any mention altogether of specific beliefs or ideals that oppose one's own, when those opposing beliefs or ideals are highly credible, yet other opposing beliefs or ideals have little credibility and thus make one's own beliefs or ideals look good by comparison.
(copy of POV selective fact suppression from project page, --Apyule 11:25, 8 November 2005 (UTC))
* I know why this user added this, it was because he could not introduce a neologism into the Objectivist philosophy Article, and change the name of Ayn Rand's philosophy, that she named as Objectivism. It turned into a personal attack barrage on his part. Dominick (????) 13:06, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* There Dominick is accusing me of being a user that I am not (67.etcetera) because I agree with said user, so as to discredit my position. Dominick is thus violating the no personal attack policy and the no-lie policy. I verified in google that the so-called 'neologisms' -randist and randian, are not neologisms at all, but serve as objective alternative terms to the term 'objectivism' which assumes that laissez-faire capitalism is the objective ideal. In an RFC, the majority of users agreed to include the fact, and Dominick had to consent. If you look at the talk:ojectivist philosophy page, you can clearly see that Dominick has made numerous sly deceptive personal attacks on 67, and when 67 called him on it, Dominick accused 67 of making personal attacks. Dominick even deleted exposures of his behavior under the guise that he was deleting personal attacks. By the way, Dominick, like Saxifrage, stalked me to this page. That is another violation of wikipedia policy. Yet Dominick only started stalking me because the user Todfox notified Dominick that I called him on his selective fact suppression on my user page, which now makes Dominick perceive me as a threat to his continued POV-pushing. Such a personal attack on people for trying to make wikipedia a better place is yet another violation of wikipedia policy. NPOVenforcer 04:20, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* I don't know the example that Dominick gave, but I have seen examples that show that such a paragraph may be useful - such as where people are actually encouraged to simply delete "non-orthodox" POV's! I trust that we want to counter the abuse of Wikipedia for propaganda. I find both the text and the examples good and crystal clear, and if that would also help to solve the conflict that Dominick mentions, that can only be good (of course, if he thinks that there is a weak point in the above formulation, he can propose an amendment to it and explain why). Harald88 13:36, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
I've had some examples of this in some articles I've been editing. For example: --Iantresman 14:08, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* In the article on Redshift, I've tried to add the "Wolf Effect" as a cause. Others have marginalised this for all sorts of reasons (see Redshift talk), but the worst example, is the denial that this can produce a "full spectrum Doppler like" redshift, despite my providing at least two peer-reviewed articles, and having the facts confirmed by at least three article authors.
* In the article on Plasma cosmology, I've had the basic fact that "99.9% of the volume of the universe is plasma" removed on the grounds that it is not relevant!
* In the article on the Electric Universe, I've had supporting evidence removed (from the section on Predictions), in which two items that are claimed to be failed predictions are left.
* In neuro-lingusitic programming Ive seen POV suppression remove the founders actual and cited definition of the subject matter of the article, as being "POV" FT2 20:51, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* I favor the addition of this policy. FT2 21:48, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* Any article touching on Early Christianity will demonstrate struggles over suppressed facts too. --Wetman 21:42, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
* I'd be opposed to adding this section, because it's very unclear what it means. All articles have to conform to No original research and Verifiability, which are both policy, as is NPOV. All material that conforms to these polices — i.e. that is directly relevant and well-sourced — is allowed, so this section about "suppressed facts" introduces an unnecessary complication. SlimVirgin (talk) 01:19, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* I wonder, how can you think it is "unclear" or even a "complication"? -- especially in the light that you are one of those who did not seem to care about my request to clarify another NPOV explanation that definitely was unclear to me. Thus, please explain what you don't understand. I would have agreed that the above paragraph is superfluous (it's indeed, as you seem to indicate, consistent with the existing rules) if I had not noticed that it pinpoints to common misbehaviour and that it has instructive aspects that surpass the function of a simple rule: it actually is a mini briefing to unsuspecting newcomers on propaganda tactics that every editor should be aware of. Harald88 20:03, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* Regardless of specific artciles that specific editors may have been involved in, this seems a good policy. It clarifies an important point that is not clear to some editors in prcatice and which has caused editorial conflict in practice. This will probably help.
* It is not enough that a fact is verifiable. A source must be fairly represented too. Any competent source will include views both ways, and thus a one-sided view is easy to form by selecting verified, reported, research, but not doing so in a balanced manner that is balanced and represents the source properly. This is an important counterweight, it says that verifiability and sourcing is necessary, but not sufficient, for neutrality.
* As for allegations of sock-puppetry, Arbcom has on at least one occasion checked IP's if accusations got that far (Ciz/"DrBat", Jan 2005). I wouldn't worry right now. FT2 06:15, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
How about this for a wording:
Misrepresentation of sources // selective suppression of fact
Credible sources often consider many different views, and often different views are considered or evidenced by different credible sources. Because of this, even verified credible sources can be cited in a non-neutral way, to give an impression which does not represent the opinion of one source, or credible sources as a whole, in a field. A citation from one source can be balanced by also representing opposing citations, or by giving an overview that puts it into fair perspective. Examples include:
* Reporting evidence from a source that supports one view whilst not citing credible evidence that suggests or supports opposing views.
* Explaining why evidence supports ones preferred view but minimizing or not indicating evidence which would tend to weaken it or bring it into question.
* Ignoring or deleting credible opposing views in order to make a view appear more mainstream or widely favored than in fact it is.
* Selectively citing sources or ignoring important caveats, to make them appear to represent a view or conclusion which is more extreme than the author appears to intend.
* Editing as if one given view is "the truth" and therefore others either have no substance, or nothing to criticise or defend themselves with. Even science is often only one point of view to discuss, although usually a significant one. [tentatively added later for discussion, see below]
FT2 06:23, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* I don't mind this actually. SlimVirgin (talk) 08:38, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
Sorry, I think that it's not bad, but IMO the original (and now improved) paragraph above is still better and the easiest to comprehend. What do you think is less than perfect about it? Harald88 20:03, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* Three things.
* NPOV policy is invariably cited most in a dispute. The harder the dispute, the more a clear NPOV policy helps. This one in clear unambiguous language better defines exactly what behavior is not OK, in tterms that nobody will be confused by/. The "Suppose that there is belief A and belief B. Some evidence favors belief A and other evidence favors belief B" type approach is less direct and in NPOV policy direct is good. By defining it unambiguously you leave less room for POV hedgers to try and worm a way out.
* Even if both work, its more immediate and obvious. Its easier to agree if its being breached, because it specifically and very carefully names the significance of POV supporession in a way that (to me) the original doesnt. The original's good, I supported NPOVenforcer on it. But refining "good" to "better" is never a problem. So it's not that it's "less than perfect". Everything is. But this to my mind will be more effective at the effect he is targetting.
* I have added one more. This is because there is (as reported elsewhere, some editors consider that "neutral view" means "the scientific view". It will help if it is made absolutely clear that although important, science is still only one POV. There will usually be others.
* FT2 20:42, 9 November 2005 (UTC)
* Maybe it's because of my scientific mind set, I don't know, but the most clear and direct example is for me exactly the first one that provides theories A and B, instead of the for me too hazy and abstract, lengthy sentences that you propose as replacement. On top of that, the text you provide starts with positive rules but then gives, without warning of a change, negative examples. OK I'll think about it, and see if I can provide another compact solution that will still be obvious as well as enlightening for people with my mind set and nevertheless be also obvious for people with yours. Comments of other people are welcome! Harald88 08:09, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
* Yes. The flow is, "These are explanation, things to to that will help avoid POV suppression, and how it can arise. These are your "don't do this!" rules list". Main reasons:
* It can be seen as "explanation of the issue" and "unacceptable action" limits.
* Some people respond more to positive injunctions to do a thing, some to negative injunctions NOT to do a thing, this catches and informs both types.
* Its almost like this: People who can genuinely think scientifically, are less likely to be POV warriors. People who truly suppress POV are almost by definition, thinking they are being scientific but in fact seriously failing to be. So a scientific precise logical version by definition won't touch them, because if they could handle logic they wouldnt need this guideline. So a direct everyday english "These are POV suppression methods. Don't do them." is more effective, you're dealing with people who won't get subtle reason, they need a line drawn. Its a bit like how instruction manuals or leaflets switched years ago from precision technical terms, to simple english (even if less precise), because the average person got them. FT2 08:15, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
I see your point, and I do agree with you that the paragraph has to be easily understandable by POV offenders. Nevertheless it was also meant to create awareness of manipulation by POV offenders to unaware bystanders, and for that purpose the first presentation was (although imperfect, I now notice) brilliant - I fully understood it immediately. It would be a pity if that got lost. On top of that, one point I tried to make clear to you but I don't know how to explain without wasting a lot of words that your text gives examples that are the inverse of the introducing sentences, which I find confusing. Anyway, "These are POV suppression methods. Don't do them.", is and was indeed the purpose of this paragraph. Note also that "Ignoring or deleting credible opposing views in order to make a view appear more mainstream or widely favored than in fact it is" shows lack of insight in the issue: views are often mainstream or widely favoured because alternative views are suppressed. For example when the president of Venezuela was kidnapped, the correct information was available on credible internet pages (and I thus knew the truth while BBC and CNN were spreading misinformation, long live internet!) but mainstream thinking was that he was kidnapped due to suppression of the correct information by the mass media. Here is my suggestion, trying to keep the "best of both" (and now that I start editing, I notice a lot of room for improvement and that you did not cover the same examples, and that the two subjects are not the same, misrepresentation of sources is only one kind of selective fact suppression):
'''selective fact suppression
''In Wikipedia, one of the most common forms of violating the NPOV policy is to suppress specific facts that counter one's own opinion.
''To illustrate how POV selective fact suppression works: Suppose that some reliable sources favor one opinion and other reliable sources disagree. The NPOV policy is to include all relevant facts in an article. We have a case of POV selective fact suppression if evidence that supports one opinion is deleted by the opposition.
''Other examples of selective fact suppression:
''* Explaining why evidence supports one's preferred view but minimizing or not indicating evidence that would tend to weaken it or bring it into question.
''* Ignoring or deleting credible opposing views in order to make a view appear more accepted than in fact it is.
''* Deleting all mention of a specific highly credible opinion that opposes one's own belief, yet allowing mention of other opposing opinions that have little credibility that thus make one's own belief look good by comparison.
''* Editing as if one given view is "right" and therefore other views either have no substance, or nothing to defend themselves with. Even science is often only one point of view to discuss, although usually a significant one.
''In summary: As different credible sources may have different views, even verified credible sources can be cited in a non-neutral way -- one could mislead the reader into thinking that consensus exists on a matter while this is not the case. Thus, if there is no consensus about a subject matter, a citation from one source should be balanced by also providing opposing citations, or by giving an overview that puts it into fair perspective.
BTW, I did not include the following examples for practical reasons:
-> Problem with this is that one can hardly blame any editor for not telling everything of relevance. Wikipedia is a group effort.
* A more subtle variant is to report evidence that supports one view whilst omitting to mention credible evidence that suggests or supports opposing views.
-> The problem here is that if it is debatable "what the author appears to intend", then there may be a NOR issue. Thus to include this subject plus its caveats inside the above would complicate matters and make the subject less straightforward.
* Misrepresentation of sources. Selectively citing sources or ignoring important caveats, to make them appear to represent a view or conclusion that is more extreme than the author appears to intend.
Cheers, Harald88 19:39, 10 November 2005 (UTC)
Problems I have with this passage: — Saxifrage | ☎ 00:32, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
* It is very poorly written. (That's fixable.)
* It uses the word fact as if it's clear what qualifies and what doesn't. The reason the NPOV policy is necessary in the first place is that editors often dispute exactly what is a fact and what is simply an artefact of POV. That's why WP runs on verifiability and support by citation, not on "proof" of facts. (This might be fixable, but I doubt it wouldn't be redundant less this word.)
* It was introduced by a self-declared NPOV crusader with next-to-no experience at WP. I don't have any problem with this passage inspiring an examination of the clarity of the NPOV policy on the issue of information-suppression, but anything that results from this debate should be written from scratch to avoid tainting the most fundamental policy of the project with a disruptive crusader's agenda. (See the Requests for comment/NPOVenforcer for evidence of the user's significant lack of understanding of relevant policy.)
Some interesting ideas coming up. My thoughts on the above:
* First, Harald, I understand and appreciate the point you make. I think we have a relatively simple question here - "how should it best be worded", and we have got two styles we've developed. But we do agree in principle on the actual content. Let me have a go at trying to find a common wording. I'll look again at both, see if a balance can be struck. Can you let me know what qualities a good balance should have, or examples of "good" and "bad" in the sense you're thinking, so I know I'm aiming at a goal you'd be okay with too?
* Hi again FT2, a main point for me is to keep the sentences short and uncomplicated, straight to-the-point as well as that the introduction should raise interest; and to let no doubt if what follows is about what should be done or about what should not be done. Another point is that it should be also informative for non-offenders, so that the unaware are enlightened about the sometimes subtle tricks of offenders. And now looking below where you restate your question: Your phrasing was for me a little too generalistic and complex, so that it didn't stand out clearly who does what and why in selective fact suppression. Apart of that, I think that there are now perhaps too many examples. The additional paragraph is certainly very useful, we agree on that, and it will be most effective if we keep it concise. Harald88 14:49, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
* "Fact" isn't a problem per se. A "fact" in this sense means "Source X said Y". But Saxifrage has a point too. "Information" maybe? I'll look at what other NPOV standards say.
* See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Check_your_facts -- but for me also "information" is fine. Then the title could be "POV selective information suppression". Harald88 14:49, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
* I don't agree that "The NPOV policy is to include all relevant facts in an article. We have a case of POV selective fact suppression if evidence that supports one opinion is deleted by the opposition". I worded mine deliberately so it could not be used to justify including major text on fringe or minor side-issues on the basis they were being "suppressed".
* Fringe or minor side issues are not relevant. I also reworded yours deliberately for the reason I mentioned; my argument was that "mainstream" may be applied towards imposing a single, best known POV. Thus we have as yet not found a good phrasing for that. But perhaps we can borrow standard phrasing from somewhere else in this section, if we really need to include such a sentence. Harald88 14:49, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
* Aren't the sentences: 1/ [ways to create POV suppression include] "Ignoring or deleting credible opposing views in order to make a view appear more mainstream or widely favored than in fact it is" and 2/ "views are often mainstream or widely favoured because alternative views are suppressed", saying the same thing??
* Certainly not! If after point 2 has occurred in a certain community, next your point 1 is applied in Wikipedia, it can only lead to over-emphasis of the mainstream POV. I agree however, that that problem must be balanced with that of over-emphasizing fringe or minor issues which leads to cluttered articles.
* I'd change the last one to make more the point that "Thus, using science to suppress other views, rather than to add extra insight into the subject of the article, is also POV suppression"
* Last, Sax, neither of the present people examining this are the kind you fear. Even a "disruptive crusader" can have a good idea - often it's people who cause ripples, who make us examine norms best. I don't have a problem using his work as a starting point to examine policy, and if his approach turns out best then I can assure you it will be after a lot of working over, and not just because Wikipedia wanted to go crusading :) I wouldn't worry. It seems Harald and I are both thinking similarly about the need, choosing best wording is just the means.
* Thanks for that thought. The way the discussion has progressing I'm reassured that you're giving this the thought it deserves. I'll check in periodically just to see how it's going, but otherwise I think my input isn't necessary. Happy consensus-ing! — Saxifrage | ☎ 21:02, 12 November 2005 (UTC)
I'll get looking at wording again. If you can let me know what qualities a "good wording" should have, I'll try to find one that fits those goals. Qualities between us I am aware of:
* Must be direct and blunt so POV suppressors (who may not appreciate subtle wording except for the loopholes it gives them) can't avoid it easily
* Must also be immediately understandable by neutral editors and others so they see what it means. (can you clarify the way in which my 1st version was not?)
* We have a difference of view whether positive and negative approaches can be mixed; you found it confusing, I think it would be effective. We might need more input.
* Is the version I worded above, unclear to readers? I don't think it really can be. Can we have other opinions on the 2 styles of wording, and what others see as the respective strengths and weaknesses of each, if any?
FT2 10:02, 11 November 2005 (UTC)
See my comments of yesterday here above Harald88 10:05, 13 November 2005 (UTC) | WIKI |
Susan Jeske, a former beauty queen turned activist, is trying to communicate to the Americans the disturbing truth about the harmful effect that certain products can cause health on health.
The former winner has worked for over 20 years in the cosmetics industry, but a few years ago, some health problems led her to consult with a health professional. The latter argued that Ms. Jeske was a victim of poisoning by toxic products contained, in the makeup among other things and was damaging the intima and therefore asked her to discontinue the use.
After two weeks of using only natural and certified products without any toxic ingredients, the symptoms disappeared and she regained her health. Intrigued, she began to learn more about harmful compounds and their use in blends of beauty products.
What she discovered is astonishing: these products can cause breast cancer, cardio-pulmonary sequelae which are important to the reproductive system, memory loss, and depression. Since then, she has made it a mission to inform the public of the dangers in using such products.
Dioxin
The dioxin never appears on a list of ingredients for any consumer product. It is a product used in the bleaching process of paper, paperboard and other packaging of all kinds. It has been demonstrated that packaging bleached with dioxin, from time to time transfer it to the product thereby contaminating it (including cartons of milk or cream).
Dioxin is recognized as a carcinogen and can cause disorders of the nervous and immune systems. Ukrainian President Yushchenko was the victim of poisoning by dioxin, and within a few hours, his body rose from the appearance of a man in the prime of life to a man who is looking for retirement loan.
The Formaldehyde Release
These products (DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl, methylisothiazolinone) are not, prima facie, harmful, but in long term, they become very harmful. These are conservative elements that deteriorate over time and become capable of releasing the so-called formaldehyde that is a known and potent carcinogen.
Exposure to formaldehyde can cause arthritis, tumors, skin reactions, allergies, headaches, chest pain, chronic fatigue, dizziness, insomnia, heart palpitations, asthma, cough and infections of the ear.
PEG or Polyethylene Glycol
Although some studies show it as a powerful product against colorectal cancer, topical application of PEG remains nonsense. It may be contaminated with dioxin, and its safety remains unclear despite the fact that is present almost everywhere in our everyday products. It is also used as a laxative.
Propylene Glycol
This polymer has been adopted by the food industry as emulsifier (sauces) or solvent (liquid artificial flavorings). It is used as a solvent and anti-mold agent in cosmetics. Its ease of absorption is a magnet to harmful elements, and endangers vital organs like the liver, kidneys and even the brain. On children, it is considered very harmful by many laboratories.
Can we Replace these Ingredients?
There are alternatives to the use of harmful chemical ingredients. More and more companies are replacing chemicals with natural products with similar properties in their concoctions. But because of their high prices, it still remains a minority.
For example, in several blends, buttermilk can perform some of the work of parabens, and beeswax substitute for mineral oils and paraffin can be substituted for glycerin SLS or SLES, and titanium dioxide is much less harmful than oxybenzone in sunscreen composition.
It’s the same with ethylene glycol, which can give way to soybeans, phthalate, lavender, and the liberators of formaldehyde can be replaced by honey! More people are aware of these realities, and most manufacturers have no choice but to market products by demonstrating their safety!
Resources | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Draft:Bob the Builder (film)
Bob the Builder is an upcoming American animated adventure film written by Felipe Vargas, based on the TV series of the same name. It stars Anthony Ramos (who also served as the producer) as the eponymous character.
Cast
* Anthony Ramos as Bob the Builder
Production
In January 2024, it was announced that an animated film based on the TV series Bob the Builder was in development by Mattel Films, ShadowMachine, and Nuyorican Productions, with Felipe Vargas writing the screenplay and Anthony Ramos cast as the title character. Jennifer Lopez and Ramos serve as producers. The president of Mattel Films Robbie Brenner stated that pairing Ramos and Vargas together would capture the character in a manner that audiences who grew up with him will recognize, as well as brining in new audiences. The next month, Netflix, Amazon MGM Studios, and DreamWorks Animation were in a bidding war to acquire the distribution rights to the film. | WIKI |
--- trunk/esys2/escript/src/Data/DataAlgorithm.h 2004/12/14 05:39:33 97 +++ trunk/esys2/escript/src/Data/DataAlgorithm.h 2005/06/09 05:38:05 122 @@ -25,15 +25,56 @@ #include #include #include +#include namespace escript { /** \brief - Return the maximum value. + Adapt binary algorithms so they may be used in DataArrayView reduction operations. Description: - Return the maximum value. + This functor adapts the given BinaryFunction operation by starting with the + given inital value applying this operation to successive values, storing the + rolling result in m_currentValue - which can be accessed or reset by getResult + and resetResult respectively. +*/ +template +class DataAlgorithmAdapter { + public: + DataAlgorithmAdapter(double initialValue): + m_initialValue(initialValue), + m_currentValue(initialValue) + { + } + inline void operator()(double value) + { + m_currentValue=operation(m_currentValue,value); + return; + } + inline void resetResult() + { + m_currentValue=m_initialValue; + } + inline double getResult() const + { + return m_currentValue; + } + private: + // + // the initial operation value + double m_initialValue; + // + // the current operation value + double m_currentValue; + // + // The operation to perform + BinaryFunction operation; +}; + +/** + \brief + Return the maximum value of the two given values. */ struct FMax : public std::binary_function { @@ -45,10 +86,7 @@ /** \brief - Return the minimum value. - - Description: - Return the minimum value. + Return the minimum value of the two given values. */ struct FMin : public std::binary_function { @@ -60,10 +98,7 @@ /** \brief - Return the absolute maximum value. - - Description: - Return the absolute maximum value. + Return the absolute maximum value of the two given values. */ struct AbsMax : public std::binary_function { @@ -75,44 +110,46 @@ /** \brief - Adapt algorithms so they may be used by Data. + Return the absolute minimum value of the two given values. +*/ +struct AbsMin : public std::binary_function +{ + inline double operator()(double x, double y) const + { + return std::min(fabs(x),fabs(y)); + } +}; - Description: - Adapt algorithms so they may be used by Data. The functor - maintains state, ie the currentValue retuned by the operation. +/** + \brief + Return the length between the two given values. */ -template -class DataAlgorithmAdapter { - public: - DataAlgorithmAdapter(double initialValue): - m_currentValue(initialValue) - {} - inline void operator()(double value) - { - m_currentValue=operation(m_currentValue,value); - return; - } - inline double getResult() const - { - return m_currentValue; - } - private: - // - // the current operation value - double m_currentValue; - // - // The operation to perform - BinaryFunction operation; +struct Length : public std::binary_function +{ + inline double operator()(double x, double y) const + { + return std::sqrt(std::pow(x,2)+std::pow(y,2)); + } +}; + +/** + \brief + Return the trace of the two given values. +*/ +struct Trace : public std::binary_function +{ + inline double operator()(double x, double y) const + { + return x+y; + } }; /** \brief - Perform the given operation upon all Data elements and return a single - result. + Perform the given operation upon all values in all data-points in the + given Data object and return the final result. - Description: - Perform the given operation upon all Data elements and return a single - result. + Calls DataArrayView::reductionOp */ template inline @@ -121,20 +158,31 @@ UnaryFunction operation) { int i,j; - DataArrayView::ValueType::size_type numDPPSample=data.getNumDPPSample(); - DataArrayView::ValueType::size_type numSamples=data.getNumSamples(); - double resultLocal=0; -#pragma omp parallel private(resultLocal) - { -#pragma omp for private(i,j) schedule(static) - for (i=0;i resultVector(resultVectorLength); + DataArrayView dataView=data.getPointDataView(); + // calculate the reduction operation value for each data point + // storing the result for each data-point in successive entries + // in resultVector + // + // this loop cannot be prallelised as "operation" is an instance of DataAlgorithmAdapter + // which maintains state between calls which would be corrupted by parallel execution + for (i=0;i resultVector; + int resultVectorLength; + // perform the operation on each tagged value for (i=lookup.begin();i!=lookupEnd;i++) { - operation(dataView.algorithm(i->second,operation)); + resultVector.push_back(dataView.reductionOp(i->second,operation)); } + // perform the operation on the default value + resultVector.push_back(data.getDefaultValue().reductionOp(operation)); + // now calculate the reduction operation value across the results + // for each tagged value // - // finally perform the operation on the default value - operation(data.getDefaultValue().algorithm(operation)); + // this loop cannot be prallelised as "operation" is an instance of DataAlgorithmAdapter + // which maintains state between calls which would be corrupted by parallel execution + resultVectorLength=resultVector.size(); + operation.resetResult(); + for (int l=0;l inline void -dp_algorithm(DataExpanded& result, - DataExpanded& data, +dp_algorithm(DataExpanded& data, + DataExpanded& result, UnaryFunction operation) { int i,j; - DataArrayView::ValueType::size_type numDPPSample=data.getNumDPPSample(); - DataArrayView::ValueType::size_type numSamples=data.getNumSamples(); - { -#pragma omp for private(i,j) schedule(static) - for (i=0;i inline void -dp_algorithm(DataTagged& result, - DataTagged& data, +dp_algorithm(DataTagged& data, + DataTagged& result, UnaryFunction operation) { - // - // perform the operation on each tagged value const DataTagged::DataMapType& lookup=data.getTagLookup(); DataTagged::DataMapType::const_iterator i; DataTagged::DataMapType::const_iterator lookupEnd=lookup.end(); + DataArrayView dataView=data.getPointDataView(); + DataArrayView resultView=result.getPointDataView(); + // perform the operation on each tagged data value + // and assign this to the corresponding element in result + // + // this loop cannot be prallelised as "operation" is an instance of DataAlgorithmAdapter + // which maintains state between calls which would be corrupted by parallel execution for (i=lookup.begin();i!=lookupEnd;i++) { - // assign this to corresponding element in result - data.getPointDataView().dp_algorithm(i->second,operation); + resultView.getData(i->second) = + dataView.reductionOp(i->second,operation); } - // - // finally perform the operation on the default value - // assign this to corresponding element in result - data.getDefaultValue().dp_algorithm(operation); + // perform the operation on the default data value + // and assign this to the default element in result + resultView.getData(0) = + data.getDefaultValue().reductionOp(operation); } template inline void -dp_algorithm(DataConstant& result, - DataConstant& data, +dp_algorithm(DataConstant& data, + DataConstant& result, UnaryFunction operation) { - //result.getPointDataView().getData() - // assign this to corresponding element in result - data.getPointDataView().dp_algorithm(operation); + // perform the operation on the data value + // and assign this to the element in result + result.getPointDataView().getData(0) = + data.getPointDataView().reductionOp(operation); } } // end of namespace + #endif | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
frac
Etymology 1
From 🇨🇬.
Verb
* 1) To use hydraulic fracturing (fraccing)
Adjective
* 1) Relating to or denoting hydraulic fracturing
Noun
* 1) Frac job.
Noun
* 1) Fracture.
* 2) Fracturing.
Noun
* 1) Fraction
* 2) Fractioning
Etymology
From.
Noun
* 1) white tie and tails
Etymology
.
Noun
* 1) morning dress, tailcoat, white tie and tails
Etymology
From, probably related to ; for similar sense development, see 🇨🇬, which evolved from , as unmarried women did not cover their hair.
Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.
Noun
* 1) woman
Etymology
.
Noun
* 1) white tie and tails
Etymology
.
Noun
* 1) tailcoat | WIKI |
trainTestSplit
Purpose
Returns test and training splits for a given set of dependent and independent variables.
Format
{ y_train, y_test, X_train, X_test } = trainTestSplit(y, X, train_pct[, shuffle])
Parameters:
• y (Nx1 vector, or NxK matrix.) – The dependent variables.
• X (Nx1 vector, or NxP matrix.) – The independent variables.
• train_pct (Scalar) – The percentage of observations to include in the training set.
• shuffle (String) – Optional input, “True” (default) or “False”.
Returns:
• y_train – The (train_pct * N) observations from the original y which correspond to the observations selected for X_train.
• y_test – The remaining observations from the original y not selected for the training set.
• X_train – (train_pct * N) x P matrix of independent variables.
• X_test – The remaining observations from the original X which were not selected to be in the training set.
Examples
Basic example
library gml;
// Set seed for repeatable sampling
rndseed 23324;
y = { 7, 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 };
X = { 1 3,
9 6,
6 1,
8 4,
9 5,
1 8 };
// Shuffle data and create training set with 2/3 of
// the observations and 1/3 for the test set
{ y_train, y_test, X_train, X_test } = trainTestSplit(y, X, 0.67);
After the above code:
y_train = 3 X_train = 9 5
7 1 3
1 8 4
4 1 8
y_test = 2 X_test = 9 6
5 6 1
Example without shuffling
Sometimes, for example with time series data, you may not want to shuffle before creating your train and test splits.
y = { 7, 2, 5, 1, 3, 4 };
X = { 1 3,
9 6,
6 1,
8 4,
9 5,
1 8 };
// Create training set in the original order with 2/3 of
// the observations and 1/3 for the test set
{ y_train, y_test, X_train, X_test } = trainTestSplit(y, X, 0.67, "False");
This time, the split data will be in the same order as the original data.
y_train = 7 X_train = 1 3
2 9 6
5 6 1
1 8 4
y_test = 3 X_test = 9 5
4 1 8
Remarks
If shuffle is enabled, the observations from X and y are first randomly shuffled such that the corresponding rows of X and y are kept together. For repeatable shuffling, use the rndseed keyword before calling trainTestSplit().
See also
Functions cvSplit(), rndi(), sampleData(), splitData() | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Vedantbhoomi/sandbox
Chhattisgarh, an emerging state with ample opportunities and stable elected governments over 18 years with political stability an unique example among the newly formed state in the country, pushing ahead with the agenda of the inclusive development by its leadership.
In the new scenario of digitalisation in all sectors, the media has not also been lagging behind in digitalisation and news are also being served/delivered to the people directly on their smartphone as all of them irrespective of age, with increasing use of higher use of social media, which is every growing in the developing country like India.
As to reach out to the people with the day to day happenings in state of Chhattisgarh, vedantbhoomi.com (Hindi) created on December 24, 2013 is making a mark into the news world for over more than three years of its operation. It has been gaining cyberspace through its slow and steady pace in the digital world.
The website is also linked to Facebook, Twitter, Google+, LinkedIn, Tumbler, WhatsApp among other social media where the news updates are being regularly shared. Soon more such social media sites would also be linked in future.
We are already covering wide range of news at international, national and state level including Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. We will be soon reaching out to other states across the country.
We, thus introduce ourselves as a news website, bilingual, Hindi-English. We are coming up with further future plans which will be duly intimated time to time.
The organisation is run by professionals having worked for more than 20 years from print to digital media, including sales and marketing aspects.
The mission of the organisation is to provide the news as it is and have been successful in it since it is start. | WIKI |
User:Yana Camm136/sandbox
This is Yana Camm's Wikipedia. She loves to type. Please ignore all underlined red comments because Camm is an American name. | WIKI |
Outlook 2007 reminders
Hi,
I have a user who for some reason Outlook all of a sudden grabbed 516 files from the computer and keeps coming up with reminders for these files. Even if you dismiss them they keep coming back.
It's a very strange issue, as it's random files in the reminders, not appointments. The user has Outlook 2007 working with Google Apps Sync.
Any ideas on how to fix this?
Thanks
LVL 6
mark_06Asked:
Who is Participating?
shahzammConnect With a Mentor Commented:
see if this helps
a) Download MFCMapi utility form the following site
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=55fdffd7-1878-4637-9808-1e21abb3ae37&DisplayLang=en
b) Configure the user’s profile in Online mode
c) Exit Outlook
d) Launch MFCMapi.exe
e) Click on Ok and then “ Session and Logon Display Store Table"
f) Select the online profile
g) Double click on the Mailbox
h) Expand the Root Container
i) Right click on the reminder folder & click on “Open Contents Table"
j) Now look for the reminders which you were not able to dismiss earlier
k) If you find them select them and delete them.
l) Launch Outlook (test in online & cached both) and check if the reminders still show up.
If the reminders still show up and you cannot disable the reminders:
m) Take a back up of the entire calendar folder.
n) Repeat the steps from a-h
o) Now, right click on the reminders folder and delete it.
p) Launch Outlook with /resetfolders switch and observe the behaviour.
0
shahzammCommented:
run outlook.exe /cleanreminders & test
0
mark_06Author Commented:
that didnt work.
0
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mark_06Author Commented:
It's pulling in random documents, so it could be a .doc or .xls file, that it creates a random reminder for it.
0
shahzammCommented:
recreate outlook profile might resolve this, but the best way is to delete all the unwanted appointments
0
mark_06Author Commented:
The only issue with re-creating the outlook profile is that it will delete the stored Google Apps Sync data, so the user will have to re-sync with Google Apps, it's about 3GB of data in total.
They're not acutally appointments, they're just random documents that outlook has come up with.
0
David LeeCommented:
Hi, mark_06.
Outlook doesn't do anything with documents in the file system, so I seriously doubt that this is an Outlook problem. It seems far more likely that it's a problem with Google Apps Sync.
0
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From novice to tech pro — start learning today. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
May Childs Nerney
May Childs Nerney (also known as Mary; 1876/1877 –December 17, 1959) was an American civil rights activist and librarian. She was the secretary of the NAACP from 1912 to 1916, overseeing a large increase in the organization's size. She led protests against the segregation of federal government employees in Washington, D.C., and against the film The Birth of a Nation (1915). Nerney came into conflict with several members of the organization and resigned in 1916. She later worked on cataloging Thomas Edison's papers and published a 1934 biography on him, Thomas A. Edison, A Modern Olympian. She also worked with the League of Women Voters, the board of the Young Women's Christian Association, the Consumers Cooperative Services, and the New York Philharmonic Society.
Early life
May Childs Nerney was born in 1876 or 1877. She received degrees from Cornell University in 1902, and, three years later, the New York State Library School of Columbia University. After graduation, she was employed at the New York State Library, running their book purchases and history section. In 1910, Nerney left the New York State Library and accepted a position at the California State Library. As an experienced and educated librarian, Nerney was offered a position by California's state librarian, James Louis Gillis, as part of his efforts to develop the state's library. At the time California had no library school. Nerney moved to California with her mother, but only remained a few months before moving to New Jersey in October 1911. She was hired by the Newark Public Library in 1911. Nerney worked there as a reference librarian until 1912.
NAACP involvement
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909 as an organization to advocate for civil rights of African-Americans in the United States. Its board initially controlled the organization and generally was first led by white Progressives and W. E. B. Du Bois, a prominent Black intellectual. While the organization's secretariat shifted over the next several decades to become predominantly Black, the first four secretaries of the NAACP were white— a Black secretary was not permanently appointed until James Weldon Johnson in 1920.
In 1912 Nerney was hired as secretary of the NAACP on the basis of her "obvious executive ability." She worked to expand the NAACP through fundraising, growing its membership, expanding the branch system, and managing general organization and coordination. In 1967, historians Elliott Rudwick and August Meier described Nerney as one of the two most important white secretaries to hold the post of secretary of the NAACP before 1920, along with John R. Shillady, and the most effective. They describe her as "a prodigious worker... also temperamental, tactless with colleagues, and inept at organizational infighting." She was very cognizant of the fact that she was white and led an organization aimed at improving the lives of Black people, and advocated for the NAACP to be predominantly led by Black people.
Historians Rudwick and Meier consider Nerney's most important work as secretary to have been her oversight of a dramatic increase in the NAACP's size. In her four-year stint as secretary, the organization grew from just 300 members across three branches, to 10,000 and 63 branches. She personally traveled around the country and was in communication with many members of the organization. Nerney also advocated for transitioning the group to fundraising predominantly from Black members rather than relying on large donations from white supporters, a move that was supported by members such as Joel Spingarn, who chaired the board.
Nerney worked to increase the NAACP's publicity as well, working on many press releases and drawing attention to events. She coordinated legal efforts and would discuss cases with lawyers and investigate happenings, for instance determining that residential segregation in Richmond, Virginia, would not make a good test case. Rudwick and Meier describe procedures that she and Arthur B. Spingarn, who chaired the legal committee, developed as becoming "standard operations" for the NAACP.
Campaigns and resignation
In 1913 Nerney led campaigns protesting segregation of clerks in the federal government, twice visiting Washington, D.C., and she published a report on the situation titled Segregation in the Government Departments at Washington, which included interviews she had conducted with Black government employees describing segregated working conditions in federal workplaces. She also managed a publicity campaign that included efforts to write letters to the government over the issue. The report was eventually widely publicized, including by the Associated Press—the NAACP later claimed it reached "600 dailies, the colored press and secret societies, 50 religious papers, the radical press [...] all members of Congress, except southerners, magazines, and [...] a list of individuals who might be interested."
When the controversial film The Birth of a Nation was released in 1915, the NAACP attempted to get it banned or have some scenes cut. Nerney supported attempts to organize a re-filming of the movie as well as state-wide protests, including in Ohio. At times she advocated for more power to be granted to the NAACP secretary role and sought to use her contacts on the board and in lower leadership to galvanize change. For instance, she successfully sought to award the first Spingarn Medal to a scientist, Ernest Everett Just, by pressuring Archibald Grimké and Charles Bentley. She frequently came into conflict with other leaders of the NAACP, including Oswald Garrison Villard, Mary White Ovington, and Du Bois. Nerney was described by Du Bois as having "excellent spirit and indefatigable energy" but wrote that she had "a violent temperature and [was] depressingly suspicious of motives."
As conflict between Nerney and Du Bois increased, she submitted a resignation in February 1913 over a disagreement about Du Bois's secretary. She remained secretary and by November was aligned with Du Bois in efforts to strip Villard, at the time the NAACP's chair, of his power. Villard resigned before their plans were actioned. Throughout 1913 and onwards, tensions over the white leadership of the NAACP became increasingly noticeable; Du Bois wrote that Nerney "hasn't an ounce of conscious prejudice, but her every step is unconsciously along the color line." The majority of NAACP members, including Grimké continued to support the interracialness of the NAACP.
In July 1914 tensions between Nerney and Du Bois came to a head after Nerney refused to support Du Bois presenting his opinions on laws restricting interracial marriage as NAACP policy. This convinced Du Bois that she had "discredited me behind my back." Rudwick and Meier suggest that Nerney in turn saw Du Bois's use of the NAACP magazine The Crisis as "a personal weapon" he was using to take control of the organization himself. She feared one person's control of the NAACP and instead proposed a three-person "executive committee". This was not successful.
A 1914 financial crisis impeded the NAACP's fundraising efforts and the organization was forced to cut its budget. Nerney continued to work for the organization, but became less convinced it was effective, and her rifts continued to grow with several members. In January 1916 she stepped down from the post. She requested that she be replaced by a Black person, offering several suggestions such as Jessie Fauset, but Roy Nash was instead placed in the role. Historian Adam Fairclough described Nerney in 2002 as a "driving force behind the NAACP's early development." A 2004 profile credited her with "laying the fundamental groundwork for what would arise as the most powerful organization battling racial injustice."
She also worked with the League of Women Voters, the board of the Young Women's Christian Association, the Consumers Cooperative Services, and the New York Philharmonic Society.
Thomas Edison
In 1928 Nerney was hired to work at the Edison Laboratory where she was the secretary of historical research, and worked to catalog Thomas Edison's papers. She subsequently wrote a biography on Edison because she did not think an adequate biography of Edison had been written. The book, Thomas A. Edison, A Modern Olympian, was published in 1934 by Harrison Smith and Robert Haas and was 334 pages long. Nerney had interviewed Edison for the book, and spent two years preparing papers for the work before writing it, including many anecdotes about Edison. A contemporary review by Waldemar Kaempffert wished the book had more substance than anecdotes and was more revealing about Edison.
Later life
Nerney left the Edison Laboratory to work at the Newark Library for a decade before her 1948 retirement. She died on December 17, 1959, at the age of eighty three. | WIKI |
Accuracy of Wireless Power Metering
Wireless "power" meters like the Efergy don't actually measure power. To keep their connection simple and cost down, they only measure peak current and they make three assumptions that are not always warranted and that lead them to overestimate the power.
1. They assume the RMS voltage is 240 V (or whatever voltage you tell them).
2. They assume the current waveform is sinusoidal and so RMS current is peak current divided by the square root of 2.
3. They assume the current waveform is in phase with the voltage waveform and so power is RMS current times RMS voltage.
Assumption 1 is usually not a great source of error, but 2 and 3 can be, and are both often described as the meter ignoring "power factor".
Assumption 2 can overestimate power by a huge amount in the case of some low powered electronic devices and is likely what's happening here. The appliance only draws current in a very short "spike" at the peaks of the voltage waveform, and the "power" meter assumes the peak value of this is the peak of a sine wave of current.
Assumption 3 can overestimate power by up to 40% in the case of loads which are motors, such as pumps. A common "phantom" is a solar hot water system circulating pump for split systems (i.e. where the tank is not on the roof). A power factor correcting capacitor can be installed across these. This won't save any power, but will at least make the wireless "power" meter read more nearly correct.
The only way to know is to use a proper power meter that simultaneously measures voltage and current and multiplies their instantaneous values together, making none of the above assumptions. But these are more difficult to wire in, in the case of a permanently wired appliance, and this should only be done by an electrician.
Efergy wireless energy meter with LCD display
We install solar systems in Northern NSW and Southern QLD.
QLD:
Gold Coast (from Coolangatta to Southport), Nerang and Hinterland (Beaudesert) and out West (Warwick, Stanthorpe, Killarney)
NSW:
Northern NSW (Tweed Heads to Yamba, including Evans Head, Byron Bay and Ballina); the Far North Coast Hinterland (Grafton via Lismore to Murwillumbah) and out West (Casino to Tenterfield, including Drake and Tabulam, as well as Woodenbong and Bonalbo)
For larger system we also go up to Brisbane or down to Coffs Harbour and even Glen Innes. Other places by arrangement.
We are Open for Business
Rainbow Power Company would like to assure our customers that we are trading (not quite as normal). System designers are working from home and can customise a quote for you (free of charge) over the phone and online. We are still dispatching and posting items, with safety precautions in place. You can still order online or over the phone, and pick up items from RPC (our show room is closed however, and appointments must be made to pick up orders). We are still doing site inspections, keeping the recommended social distancing.
Contact us
This is the perfect time to start thinking about your power needs for the future, reducing your bills, and safeguarding against future power outages, so call today and get in before the oncoming solar rush. PH: 02 6689 1430 or send an enquiry
..stay safe and healthy, your RPC family | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
LEDA 1000714
LEDA 1000714 is a ring galaxy in the constellation Crater. LEDA 1000714 is one of a very rare group of galaxies called Hoag-type galaxies, named after the prototype, Hoag's Object – it is estimated that roughly 0.1% of all galaxies are this type.
LEDA 1000714 is unusual because it is a Hoag-type galaxy with two nearly round rings, but with different characteristics. It has been nicknamed Burçin's Galaxy, after Burçin Mutlu-Pakdil, the leader of the photometric study of this galaxy.
Structure
The structure and photometry of LEDA 1000714 was studied with significant detail in 2017. The core of the galaxy appears to be similar to an elliptical galaxy, and is almost perfectly round, not flattened into a disk. Unlike some ring galaxies, the central core shows no signs of a bar structure connecting the outer ring to the center of the galaxy. This is similar to Hoag's Object, and a number of other galaxies have been found that have a perfectly round center.
The outer galaxy is relatively bright and contains many luminous stars indicative of star formation. However, upon further inspection of the galaxy, it was found that inside the outer ring there is also a faint, diffuse, red inner ring closer to the core. The outer ring appears to be fairly young, at about 0.13 billion years old, while the core is much older, at 5.5 billion years old. The age of the inner ring is, as yet, undetermined. This makes the galaxy even more unusual, possibly making it one of a kind.
The details of the formation of Hoag-type objects are still largely unknown. It has been suggested that the near-perfect core of Hoag's Object formed from a sort of "bar instability" where the central bar structure decays into a rounder core. It may also be due to another galaxy. In the case of LEDA 1000714, because its two rings have significantly different ages, the galaxy's morphology may have come from an anomalous collision with another galaxy, however more data is needed to draw conclusions. | WIKI |
# vim: set ts=2 sts=2 sw=2 expandtab : dist: bionic language: shell os: linux arch: - amd64 # - ppc64le services: - docker addons: apt: packages: - python3-pip - python3-setuptools before_install: # let's use the MATE project's docker build script... - curl -Ls -o docker-build https://github.com/AyatanaIndicators/ayatana-dev-scripts/raw/main/travis/docker-build - chmod +x docker-build install: - pip3 install wheel - pip3 install PyGithub - ./docker-build --name ${DISTRO} --config .build.yml --install script: - ./docker-build --name ${DISTRO} --verbose --config .build.yml --build scripts env: # temp disable of archlinux builds, see https://gitlab.archlinux.org/archlinux/archlinux-docker/-/issues/56 # - DISTRO="archlinux:latest" - DISTRO="debian:testing" - DISTRO="debian:stable" # - DISTRO="ubuntu:rolling" - DISTRO="ubuntu:focal" jobs: exclude: - env: DISTRO="archlinux:latest" arch: ppc64le | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Brake Pedal Goes to Floor after Bleeding – Reasons To Check
You just bleed the brake of your car to fix the fluid issue. But if this creates a new problem with the brake pedal going to the floor, that’d be upsetting! You need to get to it right away to see the causes and resolve them.
Any type of issue with your car’s brake pedal will be prone to causing fatal accidents. The brake pedal sinking down into the floor is what causes a huge problem. So, you can not just let it be like that.
Now, to know more about it, you need to read along. You get to know about the solutions to this issue as we got this here in detail. Jump into the main part right away!
Why Does The Brake Pedal Go to the Floor after Bleeding?
The brake pedal goes to the floor after bleeding due to leaks and loss of brake fluid. Moreover, it may also happen due to a bad master cylinder and a faulty brake booster.
Seeing the brake pedal going to the floor after bleeding is just sad and annoying as well. But we can not just ignore and rant about it without taking a look at the problem.
Now, to know about the causes of the brake pedal sinking to the floor after bleeding, you need to jump into the details. Here, we have covered the causes of it along with the solutions, take a look.
Reason 1: Loss of Brake Fluid
Loss of Brake Fluid
When someone bleeds the brake of the car, they basically take off the extra air out of the hydraulic brake system.
While doing this, some brake fluid is also emitted and removed from the system. Now, if you are someone new or inexperienced, you might not know the right way to bleed your car.
Due to this, the hydraulic brake system loses some brake fluid and the brake pedal sinks down.
Solution
To fix this problem you need to refill the brake fluid of your car. This is a very simple procedure that you can do alone.
• You just have to open the bonnet and take off the cap of the brake fluid tank.
• Now, pour brake fluid and refill the tank accordingly.
• Put back the cap of the tank again once you are done refilling.
Read Also: No Brake Pressure after Bleeding – Whats The Causes & Fixes?
Reason 2: Brake Fluid Leakage
Brake Fluid Leakage
As mentioned above, some brake fluid is lost in the process of bleeding the car brakes. However, there can be another issue very similar to this.
While bleeding, some people hit the brake fluid reservoir which makes a hole in it. Due to this, there is a leakage for which the brake fluid starts leaking with time.
As a result of this, the brake pedal goes down to the floor.
Solution
If you have got a leakage on the brake fluid cylinder, it won’t work refilling the fluid. Rather, you have to replace the fluid reservoir which would cost around $250.
You have to go through the following steps to replace the fluid reservoir.
• Empty the fluid reservoir
• Then remove the roll pins
• Take off the reservoir
• Replace it with a new one.
Reason 3: Malfunctioning Master Cylinder
Malfunctioning Master Cylinder
The master cylinder of your car is one of the most crucial parts of the braking system. This enables the entire process of manual force from the brake pedal to convert into hydraulic pressure.
Now, during the process of bleeding, some people hit the master cylinder by mistake. Due to this, the functioning of this cylinder goes out of order.
As a result, the master cylinder malfunctions, and the brake pedal goes down to the floor.
Solution
For a malfunctioning master cylinder, you need to replace it. To do this,
• Take a wrench and take off the small bolts to disconnect the brake lines.
• After that, you need to take off the 2 big nuts to remove the master cylinder from place.
• Now, replace it with a new master cylinder.
Note that to replace a master cylinder, you will have to spend about $300 to $500.
Read Also: No Brake Pressure When Car Is Running – How To Fix?
Reason 4: Faulty Brake Booster
Faulty Brake Booster
The brake booster increases the power when the driver presses the brake pedal. Now, if this part of the brake system fails to work properly, the brake pedals will not get enough pressure from down.
Due to this, the pedals will get mushy and fall downwards to the floor. You will feel like pressing on air with this.
Solution
To replace it, you need to assess the entire brake system. So, replacing a faulty brake booster is not a very easy thing to do and is not recommended for an amateur.
Thus, you need to talk to an expert to get help to fix this issue. Note that the replacement cost would be around $400.
Consequences of the Brake Pedal Being Sunk to the Floor
Consequences of the Brake Pedal Being Sunk to the Floor
This segment talks about the consequences of a brake pedal sunk to the floor. Take a look below to know about probable situations that you may face.
• The efficiency of the hydraulic braking system will fall to a significant extent. You have to exert more and more pressure to let your car brake properly.
• Your car will have more tendencies to slip and slide on the roads. The car will be more prone to complications while running on slippery surfaces.
• The car may be having sudden shakes at times while you are driving.
• You may feel more warmth while driving. This is because the engine might be affected due to it as it is related to brake fluid.
Tips To Prevent The Brake Pedal Sinking to The Floor
Tips To Prevent The Brake Pedal Sinking to The Floor
We have got a few tips for you here to prevent the brake pedal from sinking to the floor again. Take a look.
• You need to have a tendency to intuitive driving. That means you have to be well concerned about the roads so that you do not slam the brake pedals.
• Try to take breaks, especially if you are going for a long drive. It is good to take a break after a 2 or 3-hour continuous drive.
• Make sure you keep it gentle while pressing the brake pedals.
• Try to check the brake fluid tank every 2 to 3 months to ensure sufficient fluid level.
• Never use incompatible or cheap brake fluids for your car.
Read Also: No Brake Pressure After Changing Calipers: Why & How To Fix?
Frequently Asked Questions
Here, we have got a few relevant pieces of information regarding the issue you had. Take a look.
How Often Should You Refill The Brake Fluid?
You should refill the brake fluid every 2 years on average. However, this varies at times due to fluid leakage and other relevant issues. Keep an eye on it all the time as insufficient fluid can cause issues.
How To Understand If The Brake Fluid Is Running Low?
The main symptom that would alarm you with low brake fluid is the brake warning light on the dash. Other than that, you will also notice the brake pedal becoming mushy and loose. The brake will also be less effective.
Can I Mix The New Brake Fluid With The Existing One?
No, you should not try to mix new brake fluid with the existing brake fluid in any way. This will jam the fluid tank and affect it over time. Your car brake will also lose its effectiveness due to this.
Read Also: Bad Master Cylinder or Air in Brake Lines? Find The Culprit
Final Words
Now you know why the brake pedal goes to the floor after bleeding! We believe you can now go for the solutions without any issues following our drills.
So, before we wrap up, here is a tip for you. Try to inspect the brake fluid tank every 2 months to check if the fluid level goes below the required point.
This is because you should always keep the fluid above that point for which it stays sufficient and good for your car.
Similar Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:A Dictionary of Music and Musicians vol 2.djvu/773
PLAGAL MODES.
The number of the Modes being thus increased to eight, a new form of nomenclature was naturally demanded for them, while a new system of numbering became still more imperatively necessary. The change of nomenclature was easily arranged. In order to prevent unnecessary confusion, the old names Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, and Mixolydian, were still retained for the Authentic Modes, while the Plagal forms were distinguished from them by the addition of the prefix Hypo (under), the new Scales being called the Hypodorian, Hypophrygian, Hypolydian, and Hypomixolydian, Modes. On the other hand, it was indispensable that the numbers of the Modes should be entirely changed; the Phrygian becoming the Third Mode, instead of the Second; the Lydian, the Fifth; and the Mixolydian, the Seventh: the Second, Fourth, Sixth, and Eighth places, being reserved for the newer Plagal forms.
The next great change was the introduction of two new Authentic Modes, called the Æolian, and the Ionian, having A and C for their Finals, and naturally giving rise to two new Plagal forms, entitled the Hypoæolian, and Hypoionian, and lying between E and E, and G and G, respectively.
The precise time at which these new Modes were brought into general use cannot be ascertained; but we hear of them, with certainty, as early as the reign of Charlemagne (ob. 814) though the earliest exhaustive account of the entire system bequeathed to us is that contained in the ../Dodecachordon/ of Glareanus, published in 1529. The learned author of this invaluable work insists strongly upon the use of twelve distinct tonalities, and prefaces his volume with a list of them, divided into two parallel columns, he first of which contains the Plagal, and the second the Authentic Modes, arranged in their natural order, the series being supplemented by rhe rejected Hyperæolian Mode, having B for its Final, and its Plagal derivative, the Hyperphrygian, with the necessary caution, sed est error.
The completion of the Gregorian system by the addition of the Æolian and Ionian Modes, with their respective Plagals, was productive of very important results, and enriched the series with the capability of introducing a far greater amount of varied expression than is apparent at first sight. Some writers have objected to them, on the ground that they are in reality no more than unnecessary reduplications of already existing Scales, since, in its compass, and the disposition of its Semitones, the Æolian Mode corresponds exactly with the Hypodorian, the Hypoæolian with the Phrygian, the Ionian with the Hypolydian, and the Hypoionian with the Mixolydian. By parity of reasoning, the Hypomixolydian Mode should also be regarded as superfluous, since its compass, and Semitones, correspond precisely with those of the Dorian. But a little consideration will prove this argument to be utterly fallacious. In all that concerns expression, the Eighth Mode differs, toto cœlo, from the First; for its Final—the note to which the ear is constantly attracted—lies in the middle of its series of sounds, whereas, in the Dorian Mode, it occupies the lowest place. This peculiarity invests all the Plagal Modes, without exception, with a character entirely different from that which distinguishes the Authentic series; a fact which was so well known to the earlier writers on the subject that they assigned to each Mode a special epithet descriptive of its æsthetic peculiarities, Thus, the First Mode was called 'Modus Gravis,' the Second, 'Modus Tristis,' the Third, 'Modus Mysticus,' the Fourth, 'Modus Harmonious,' the Fifth, 'Modus Lætus,' the Sixth, Modus Devotus,' the Seventh, 'Modus Angelicus,' and the Eighth, 'Modus Perfectus.' On carefully examining this classification, we shall find that the Plagal Modes are everywhere characterised by a calmer and less decided force of expression than their authentic originals; thus, while the latter are described as Grave, Mystical, Joyful, and Angelic, the former are merely Sad, Harmonious, Devout, and Perfect. The solemn grandeur of the First | WIKI |
Why Novo Nordisk Stock Flopped on Friday
A post-earnings price target raise on Novo Nordisk (NYSE: NVO) from an analyst couldn't overcome the drag of a executive's stock sale on Friday. Ultimately, investors ended up trading out of the Danish pharmaceutical company, sending its share price down by nearly 3% on the day. Meanwhile, the S&P 500 index went in the opposite direction, rising by nearly 1%.
Taking the bad with the good
It was a mildly good news/bad news kind of day for Novo Nordisk stock.
The good was that price target lift, modest as it was, which was enacted by Jefferies (NYSE: JEF) prognosticator Peter Welford. Before the market opened, Welford reset his target on the pharmaceutical company to 430 Danish kroner ($61.16) per share, up from the previous 425 kroner ($60.45). Even the new price is well below where the stock trades now. He maintained his underperform (read: sell) recommendation on the stock.
The not-necessarily-good occurrence was the insider sale. Novo Nordisk divulged in a regulatory document that Camilla Sylvest, its head of commercial strategy and corporate affairs, sold 15,000 shares of the company. The sale price was 694.37 kroner ($98.76), making for a total of just over 10.4 million kroner (about $1.5 million).
Neither news item is a big deal
Both developments are fairly minor. Welford's price target change is basically a minor adjustment; the important factor is that he left his bearish view on Novo Nordisk unchanged. And although investors usually don't like to see executives at their companies sell stock, this happens from time to time for a variety of reasons. (Often, the executive just wants/needs a stack of cash for something.)
Neither news item, then, should change any investor's evaluation of the company.
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Eric Volkman has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Jefferies Financial Group. The Motley Fool recommends Novo Nordisk. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Steel Rose
Steel Rose may refer to:
* Steel Rose (novel), a 1997 fantasy novel by the American writer Kara Dalkey
* Steel Rose (manhua), a Taiwanese comic
* China women's national football team | WIKI |
Tag Archives: St. Marks Lighthouse
How well do you know your coast?
Exploring seagrass bed nurseries in St. Joe Bay. Photo by Rosalyn Kilcollins.
Exploring seagrass bed nurseries in St. Joe Bay.
Photo by Rosalyn Kilcollins.
How well do you know your coast?
Guest Article for the Tallahassee Democrat
July 31, 2015, Release for Tallahassee Democrat
By Will Sheftall
Will
Maybe you’ve lived here all your life, and your knowledge of Florida’s “Capital Coast” has come about through experiences. Do you remember driving scenic US 98 to eat at seafood restaurants? Chaperoning a school field trip to Gulf Specimen Marine Lab’s aquaria? Taking house guests to see the St. Marks Lighthouse, plus ducks and eagles at the Wildlife Refuge pools? Perhaps you’re a frequent beach bum at St. George or Cape San Blas, love the dunes and have seen the crawl track left by a nesting sea turtle.
Many of us, when we gain familiarity with a place over a lifetime, may have the sense that we really “know” the locale very well. Actually, we may know less about “why it’s what it is” than a vacationer with a bent to explore the region’s natural history. Heck, maybe even less than a casual ecotourist out with a knowledgeable Green Guide!
To see how well you know your coast, here’s a little quiz for fun. Give it your best shot, then look at the answers below to see how you did.
1. Why aren’t there any barrier islands east of Dog Island?
2. Why aren’t there high dunes on the barrier islands east of Cape San Blas?
3. What two estuaries receive all the water draining from land within Leon County?
4. Which estuary receives the greater amount of runoff and groundwater draining from the Leon County landscape?
5. Without an oyster industry in Apalachee Bay, is freshwater inflow important to that bay’s estuarine system like it is for Apalachicola Bay?
6. How are we fortunate to have so much “hard bottom” offshore, which provides great habitat for marine species like grouper and snapper, and makes fishing our coast so superbly diverse?
7. Will dunes covered by sea oats and protected from development (via setbacks) and foot traffic (via walk-overs) hold against major storms and even hurricanes?
8. Are seawalls a good way to stop beach erosion on barrier islands?
If you want to know more about the “hows and whys” of Florida’s “Capital Coast,” consider enrolling in the upcoming Florida Master Naturalist course on “Coastal Systems.” It’s being offered by University of Florida IFAS Extension Leon County and the Tallahassee Museum. Classes start August 14th.
The course also will cover the fascinating animals and plants that inhabit all of Florida’s coastal habitats. Check out the schedule and register on-line by August 10th at http://conference.ifas.ufl.edu/fmnp/ (click on “Coastal Systems” then “Leon County”). Reward yourself with the good company of interesting and intrepid naturalists as you see cool places and learn new things about the coast you’ve known so long!
Answers:
1. The wide and shallow, gently sloping Continental Shelf off Apalachee Bay makes ours a low-energy coastline. High wave energy is required to form big sandbars and mold them into barrier islands during storms.
2. Winds onshore or shore-parallel pile dry sand into dunes. High dunes require a large amount of sand, which is the limiting factor along our coast east of the Cape.
3. Apalachee Bay and Ochlockonee Bay.
4. Apalachee Bay receives water from the St. Marks River and its tributary the Wakulla, which together drain away most of Leon County’s water, through sinkhole lakes and disappearing streams. The Ochlockonee River has only relatively short tributaries in Leon County.
5. Yes. Seasonal high flows of freshwater from our few rivers and many coastal creeks flush nutrients from leaves and wood recycled in swamps. These pulses fertilize salt marshes and offshore seagrass meadows, which are critical for sustaining our coast’s abundant marine life up the food chain to most saltwater fishes.
6. Limestone that lies close to the surface in eastern Wakulla through Taylor counties continues offshore. It’s the same underlying geology we see on land near today’s coast, only lower in elevation and now drowned. It was the coast inhabited by First Floridians during the last Ice Age, before sea level rose in response to glacial melting.
7. Dune blow-outs are less likely if there are no weak points in their topography and vegetation. However, dunes on barrier islands protect the mainland from battering waves by absorbing the brunt of a storm’s wave energy, which is dissipated by “doing work” – moving sand around. Dunes are functionally sacrificial, but also renewable between storms.
8. Actually, it’s coastal land that erodes, not beaches. A beach is the sloping intertidal zone of a high energy shoreline. The beach advances, the beach retreats. Seawalls destroy the migrating beach in order to protect coastal land from this natural process. Coastal landscapes must absorb energy and be reconfigured naturally if landforms such as barrier islands and beaches are to sustain themselves as sea level rises. Sea-walled islands will be drowned unless elevated by fill.
Will Sheftall is an Extension Agent with Leon County/University of Florida IFAS Extension. For gardening questions, email us at Ask-A-Mastergardener@leoncountyfl.gov
Sidebar Question:
How many paddling trails are there in the estuarine waters of Florida’s “Capital Coast?”
Sidebar Answer:
Four. They are 1) Apalachee Bay Maritime Heritage Paddling Trail (download maps at http://www.visitwakulla.com/Things-to-Do/Apalachee-Bay-Maritime-Heritage-Paddling-Trail-System), 2) Florida Circumnavigational Saltwater Paddling Trail, Segment 5 – Crooked River to St. Marks Refuge (download maps at http://www.dep.state.fl.us/gwt/paddling/segments/Segment5/Segment5.htm), 3) Dead River Sopchoppy Loop Paddling Trail and 4) Bear Creek Paddling Trail (maps for these two 7.5-mile loop trails are available at Ochlockonee River State Park). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Ritwik1405/sandbox
Dr. Ritwik Sahai Bisariya (born May 14, 1986), is an Indian academic & professional development worker. He has been engaged in rural livelihood promotion / support activities. Most of his field work has been in the undulating terrains of Bundelkhand Region India, in the Up and MP. Bisariya is a rural management Graduate from the Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot ,Master degree in Commerce from SHIATS Allahabad with graduation in Commerce from University of Allahabad, Allahabad and Ph.D in Rural Management from Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot
Contents
1 Background
2 Early life
3 Academic background
4 Professional career
4.1 As an academic
4.2 As a practitioner and development professional
5 Other professional engagements
6 Publications
7 Expertise
8 References
Dr. Ritwik Sahai Bisariya (born May 14, 1986), is an Indian academic & professional development worker. He has been engaged in rural livelihood promotion / support activities. Most of his field work has been in the undulating terrains of Bundelkhand Region India, in the Up and MP. Bisariya is a rural management Graduate from the Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot ,[2] Master degree in Commerce from SHIATS Allahabad with graduation in Commerce from University of Allahabad, Allahabad and Ph.D in Rural Management from Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot
Dr. R. S. Bisariya Born May 14, 1986 (age 31) Varansi, Uttar Pradesh Occupation Development Professional, Academic, Professor Father Mr. Rajeev Sahai Bisariya Mother Mrs Sadhna Bisariya Spouse(s) Mrs. Swati Children Ms. Ritwika Bisariya
Background
Bisariya is currently Development Evangelist, well known for his work in the field on livelihood support, as a part of institutions like SCT He is an Associate Professor in the Department of Rural Management, Dev Sanskriti Vishvavidyalay Haridwar and leading the Livelihood Initiative of the University. Having started his journey with some NGOs and many government projectsas in India, he continued working with small rural producers as part of the founding teams of SCT Bisariya is known in India’s development domain for his work in the area of Livelihoods.
Early life
Ritwik Sahai Bisariya was (born May 14, 1986) in Varansi, Uttar Pradesh, India. He spent his early childhood in Varansi, Allahabad Uttar Pradesh He did his schooling from SPGV Chitrakoot Satna (M.P.).
Family Background
Grand Parent’s of Dr. Bisariya are also a higher educationist his grand father was professor in Sampurnand Sanskrit University, Varansi His Grand Mother was well renowned Acadmission and Writter She was the principle of Rajghat Basanta Degree Collage Varansi His father Dr. Rajeev Sahai Bisariya, worked with the Department of Rural Management Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot.and Mother was teacher by profession in Primary school.
Academic background
Bisariya's early school education was done at Varansi, Allahabad and SPGV Chitrakoot founded by Nanaji Deshmukh. He completed his post-graduation in Rural Management from from the Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot and in Commerce from SHIATS Allahabad, after completing his graduation in Commerce (B Com.) from University of Allahabad, Allahabd, and did his Ph.D on Role of Micro- Finance in Women Entreprenuership Development in Bundelkhand Region from Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot.
Professional career
As an academician
* Bisariya is presently Associate Professor, Department of Ruiral Management Dev Sanskriti University, Haridwar.
* He was earlier worked with the KPAG, Allahabad, and Mahatma Gandhi chitrakoot Gramoday Vishvavidyalay Chitrakoot;
* He is also visiting faculty for several institutions.
As a practitioner and development professional
* Bisariya has been closely associated with promotion of Rural Livelihoods as a Practitioner.
* He worked with many NGOs worked for the livelihood promotion, Micro-Finance and Social Development
* He was Team-Leader of the Spearhead Team responsible for promotion of livelihood.
Other professional engagements
•Served on the Board of several institutions. •Member of the Advisory Committee of various NGOs and Universities •Member of the National Committee for future planning and achieving developmental goals constituted by SWATI Charitable Trust Allahabad •Member of the Monitoring and Evaluation Committee for SHG Programme constituted by SADHNA Charitable Trust, Jaunpur •Member of Editorial Board of Sankalpana International Journal, Allahabad •Reviewer of International Journal of Trend in Economic Management and Technology (IJTEMT) •Associate Editor of International Journal of Commerce and Management Research New Delhi •Associate Editor of International Journal of Advanced Education and Research New Delhi •Member of Editorial Board of International Journal of Economics Commerce and Management, Allahabad •Member of Editorial Board Indian Journal of Management and Social Science, Allahabad
Expertise
•livelihood promotion & support in specific.
•Rural Development and Management
•Micro-Finance
•Gandhian economics for supporting livelihoods | WIKI |
Andrea Spendolini-Sirieix
Andrea Spendolini-Sirieix (born 11 September 2004) is a British professional diver. In her breakthrough year of 2022, she became a World junior, two-time European senior, two-time Commonwealth Games and two-time national senior champion across 10 metre platform and 10 metre synchronised platform events, as well as a World senior medallist in the team event.
In 2024, she won the gold medal in the team event of the 2024 World Aquatics Championships. Days later, she won a bronze medal in the 10 metre platform, the first world medal won by a British woman in an individual Olympic event. A third medal, another bronze, followed in the 10 metre synchronised platform event.
She made her international debut in 2018 as a thirteen year old, and won her first solo international gold medal at the 2020 FINA Diving Grand Prix. Later that year Spendolini-Sirieix was recognised as the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year. She won the gold for the women's individual 10 metre platform at her first Commonwealth Games, in 2022, the first English woman to win the event since 1966. Two weeks later, she became European Champion in the same event, representing Great Britain. Sirieix went on to win a further gold at each event in the synchronised discipline; in the women's event at the European Championships with Lois Toulson, and at the 10 metre mixed synchro event at the 2022 Commonwealth Games with Noah Williams.
Early life
Andrea Spendolini-Sirieix was born in London on 11 September 2004, the daughter of French hotel host Fred Sirieix and his ex-partner Italian Alex Spendolini.
Career
At the British Diving Championships in 2018, Spendolini-Sirieix and her colleague from Crystal Palace Diving Club, Josie Zillig, won the women's 10m synchronised diving event, completing five dives as the only entrants. The following year, partnering Emily Martin, she won Women's synchronised diving competition at the Junior European Championships in Kazan.
Spendolini-Sirieix won a solo gold at the British Diving Championships in the Women's 10m Platform competition in 2020, and a few weeks later won her first international gold medal at the FINA Grand Prix in Rostock in February 2020. Having been in second place during the first four rounds in Rostock, she achieved a score of 76.80 on her final dive to win with a total of 330.50, ahead of Celina Toth who scored a total of 329.35.
Spendolini-Sirieix earned her place as the youngest member of the Team GB diving team at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics after some successful performances over the previous two years, including two medals at the 2021 European Championships. In Tokyo, aged only 16, Andrea went through the rounds and reached the Olympic final in the Women's 10m Platform, ultimately finishing seventh.
She was selected as the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year in 2020, and was shortlisted again in 2022.
In May 2021, Spendolini-Sirieix and Noah Williams won a silver medal in the 10m mixed synchro event at the 2020 European Aquatics Championships. She also won a bronze in individual 10m platform at the Championships.
In August 2022, she won two gold medals, in the Women's 10m platform and the Mixed Pairs Synchronised 10m platform with Noah Williams, and a silver medal, in the Women's Synchronised 10m platform with Eden Cheng, at the Commonwealth Games in Birmingham.
In May 2023, she won her second 10m platform title at the British Diving Championships.
In July 2023 Lois Toulson and Andrea Spendolini-Sirieix won silver at 2023 World Aquatics Championships in the Women's 10m synchro.
Career highlights
A. with Josie Zilling (there were no other entrants) B. with Emily Martin C. with Noah Williams
D. with Lois Toulson | WIKI |
Francine Descartes
Francine Descartes (19 July 1635, Deventer – 7 September 1640, Amersfoort) was René Descartes's daughter.
Francine was the daughter of Helena Jans van der Strom, a domestic servant of Thomas Sergeant — a bookshop owner and associate of Descartes at whose house in Amsterdam Descartes lodged on 15 October 1634. When Descartes moved back from Amsterdam to Deventer the following winter, Helena went with him. Although Francine was referred to as an illegitimate child, her baptism in Deventer on 7 August 1635, was recorded among the legitimate births. Helena officially remained Descartes' servant, and René referred to Francine as his niece, but both were included in his life. In 1640 Descartes wrote that he would bring his daughter to France to learn the language and be educated, but before that could happen, Francine died of scarlet fever at the age of five. Russell Shorto postulated that the experience of fatherhood and losing a child formed a turning point in Descartes' work, changing its focus from medicine to a quest for universal answers.
Helena was the only woman with whom Descartes is known to have been intimate and she and Descartes appear to have remained close after Francine's death. Helena may have moved with Descartes to his next addresses — including in 1643 to Egmond-Binnen — where in 1644 she married the local innkeeper Jan Jansz van Wel. Notary acts discovered by Jeroen van de Ven show that Descartes provided the 1000-guilder dowry for this wedding. Descartes himself would remain in Egmond-Binnen until 1649, the longest period he ever stayed at any residence.
Francine had four half brothers through her mother, Helena:
* Justinus Jansz van Wel, son of Jan Jansz van Wel, Helena's first husband,
* Jan van Lienen,
* Wouter van Lienen and
* Willem van Lienen from Helena's second husband, Jacob van Lienen.
After Francine's death, René Descartes is said to have constructed an automaton in her likeness. | WIKI |
COLUMN_STRUCT
Used by Editor_GetColumn inline function ( EE_GET_COLUMN message) or Editor_SetColumn inline function ( EE_SET_COLUMN message).
typedef struct _COLUMN_STRUCT {
UINT cbSize;
int iColumn;
UINT_PTR yLineTop;
UINT_PTR yLines;
LPWSTR pBuf UINT_PTR cchBuf;
LPCWSTR pszDelimiter;
UINT flags;
HGLOBAL hGlobalData;
} COLUMN_STRUCT;
Fields
cbSize
Specifies the size of this structure in bytes, sizeof(COLUMN_STRUCT).
iColumn
Specifies the index of the column.
yLineTop
Specifies a line number of the first line to set.
yLines
Specifies the number of lines to set as a limit. If this is zero, no limit is specified.
pBuf
Specifies a string to set or insert when used with the Editor_SetColumn inline function (EE_SET_COLUMN message). The string can be separated by the delimiter specified in strDelimiter. It also specifies a buffer to receive the string when used with the Editor_GetColumn inline function (EE_GET_COLUMN message).
cchBuf
Specifies the size of the buffer in characters when used with Editor_GetColumn inline function (EE_GET_COLUMN message).
pszDelimiter
Specifies the delimiter to separate the string specified in pBuf. If this is empty, the same string is used for every cell in the column.
flags
Specifies on of the following values.
AUTO_QUOTE
Checks whether the string contains delimiters, newlines, or quotes, and escape those characters and add quotes if necessary.
DONT_QUOTE
Don't do the above process.
ALWAYS_QUOTE
Always add quotes.
USE_HGLOBAL
Specifies that the hGlobalData should be filled with the newly allocated global memory when used with the Editor_GetColumn inline function (EE_GET_COLUMN message). The pBuf and cchBuf fields must be 0 when this flag is used.
hGlobalData
Specifies a variable that receives a handle to the newly allocated global memory object when used with the Editor_GetColumn inline function (EE_GET_COLUMN message). The caller must free this memory object using the GlobalFree function. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Docker Monitoring resource usage
Example
Inspecting system resource usage is an efficient way to find misbehaving applications. This example is an equivalent of the traditional top command for containers:
docker stats
To follow the stats of specific containers, list them on the command line:
docker stats 7786807d8084 7786807d8085
Docker stats displays the following information:
CONTAINER CPU % MEM USAGE / LIMIT MEM % NET I/O BLOCK I/O
7786807d8084 0.65% 1.33 GB / 3.95 GB 33.67% 142.2 MB / 57.79 MB 46.32 MB / 0 B
By default docker stats displays the id of the containers, and this is not very helpful, if your prefer to display the names of the container, just do
docker stats $(docker ps --format '{{.Names}}') | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
The nucleus of Split is most definitely Diocletian’s Palace, a 1700-year-old Roman structure measuring approximately 160m by 190m. A gate or entranceway is located in the center along each of the four walls that lead down to the central square of Peristil, dividing the palace into four quarters.
This gate was originally called Porta septemtrionalis but was renamed into Porta aurea (Golden Gate) by Venetians, which is what it is known as today.It is located on the northern wall of the palace adjacent to the Strossmayerov Park (Đardin) and the statue of Grgur Ninski. It is connected to a cardo, a north-south main street, leading to the central square of Peristil; this street is known as Dioklecijanova today (Diocletian’s Street).
The Golden Gate is the main entrance to the palace and was used by the emperor when he entered his new home for the first time on June 1st, 305 AD as he arrived from his nearby town of Salona (Solin). Its grand façade is decorated with niches where sculptures of four regional rulers once sat. The four rulers included Diocletian himself, his co-emperor and subordinate Maksimian, emperor and later son-in-law Galerius, as well as emperor and governor of Dalmatia Constantine Chlorus. Previously, there were octagonal towers on either side of the gate and later a large Benedictine convent, which was later commissioned as a military hospital. None of these structures exist today however, remains of the Benedictine convent can be seen nearby at the Chapel of Arnir featuring an altar slab and sarcophagus made by the early Renaissance sculptor and architect Juraj Dalmatinac.
The Golden Gate had double gates creating a Propugnaculum, a defense system or human trap where invaders would be captured between the outer and inner gates into an enclosure or courtyard measuring 9m by 9m. The inner gate was made of solid wood and the outer gate consisted of metal bars, which were lowered when invaders entered the enclosure.
Sitting above the gate is the 5th century Chapel of St. Martin, the patron saint of soldiers. This miniscule chapel measuring just 5 meters in width is one of the earliest Christian chapels anywhere and was built for the troops who guarded the gate. If you are lucky, you can access the chapel by a narrow stairway by turning right after passing through the gates and ring the doorbell of the Dominican convent. The nuns here look after the chapel and are happy to showcase its charming beauty and impressive history to visitors.
As you look upon the gate from the outer walls today, you can see that life still breathes in the palace and within the ancient walls themselves; notice the arches have been bricked and fitted with windows, laundry is drying, and a resident’s private terrace sits above the inner gate.
Image by members.virtualtourist.com
This gate was originally called Porta meridionalis but was renamed into Porta aenue (Brass Gate) by Venetians, which is what it is known as today. It is located on the southern wall of the palace, adjacent to the sea and popular Riva harbor-front promenade. It connects into the basement halls of the palace leading below the emperor’s imperial quarters up the stairs to the Peristil Square, and further down the cardo to the Golden Gate.
The Brass Gate is much smaller and simpler than the other gates and originally, there was no Riva and the sea reached the very walls of the palace. The Brass Gate was the entrance by sea into the palace. The gate was also dubbed the “safety gate” because it enabled the emperor and others to escape by sea in case of danger. It also acted as a service entrance for supplies that came by boat.
Today, the Brass Gate is the most popular passageway for tourists as it leads you to all the souvenir shops located in the basement halls. The basement halls showcase the substructure of Diocletian’s Palace consisting of many rooms and wall work as supporting walls for the emperor’s residents above. As you meander through the underground, find the circular room and notice the impeccable acoustics; above, this room was the foyer to the emperor’s bedrooms and Diocletian would be warned if anyone was coming at night due to the echoes left by anyone passing through. After the time of Diocletian, the basement was filled up with dirt and sewage but was excavated in the 1850’s where they also discovered even older remains from the previous civilization of Aspalatos.
Image by www.visitsplit.com
This gate was originally called Porta orientalis but was renamed into Porta argentea (Silver Gate) by Venetians, which is what it is known as today. It is located on the eastern wall of the palace, adjacent to main green market, Pazar and the church of St. Dominic. It connects to the decumanus, an east-west main street leading to the central square of Peristil and on to the Iron Gate, exiting onto the Pjaca Square.
Although less apparent today, the Silver Gate also had a Propugnaculum, a defense system or human trap where invaders would be captured between the outer and inner gates. The Silver Gate however, is not as richly decorated as the Golden Gate but you can vaguely spot the remains of the octagonal towers on either side of the gate.
Like three of the gates in the palace, the look-out corridor above the gate was transformed into a church in the 6th century dedicated to the gate’s patron Saint Apollinaire who, during the Early Christian period was a saint worshipped all over the Mediterranean. It was believed that the saint’s supernatural powers protected the city from invasions from the East.
The gate was bricked up during the Middle Ages for security reasons and later other structures covered the out walls and later a smaller opening directly next to the gate called the Venetian Gate was created to gain access to the palace. During World War II, the gate was heavily damaged and the Baroque church “Dušica” which was also incorporated within the gate walls was also destroyed. In the 1950’s, the gate underwent a thorough renovation and re-opened.
Directly outside the gate is the Church of St. Dominic, first mentioned in the 13th century but got its current structured in the 17th century and later it underwent an expansion in the 19th century. Within the church you will find a fascinating painting from the Middle Ages titled “Miracle in Suriano” by Palma il Giovane, a gothic crucifix, preserved wooden Baroque altars, an ancient organ, and the tomb of Arrigoni, the early 17th century bishop of Šibenik.
The most recent highlight of the Silver Gate was when Pope John Paul II paid a visit to Split in 2000; he passed through the gate in his “Popemobile” and driving along the wide decumanus, much like the emperor did in his chariot almost two millennia ago.
Image by www.visitsplit.com
This gate was originally called Porta occidentalis but was renamed into Porta ferrea (Iron Gate) by Venetians, which is what it is known as today. It is located on the western wall of the palace, at the exit to the popular Pjaca Square. It connects to the decumanus, an east-west main street leading to the central square of Peristil and on to the Silver Gate.
The Iron Gate is the most cluttered of the four gates as centuries of developments have been built around and Romans, Avars, Slavs, Italians and French have all left their mark here.
Clearly visible, the Iron Gate also had a Propugnaculum, a defense system or human trap where invaders would be captured between the outer and inner gates. This gate was the only free port of entry during the Middle Ages and therefore, the enclosure between the outer and inner gate served as a courtroom where the fate of those seeking refuge in the palace would be decided.
The early Christian Saint Teodor was the protector of the Iron Gate and in the 6th century a tower-like church was erected above the gate on the sentry corridor to honor him. Built in Romanesque style, its design is rather modest. The structure has two floors but you will notice three rows of windows; this was to provide an illusion of three floors.
An expansion of the church was made one millennium ago and with another tower, “Gospa Zvonik” or our Lady of the Bell Tower. It is an early-Romanesque tower topped with a gothic bell-tower. It has a little double arched window and a grand clock on its façade. The clock is captivating as it is divided into 24 parts instead of 12. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Commissioners of Crown Lands (United Kingdom)
The Commissioners of Crown Lands were charged with the management of United Kingdom Crown lands. From 1924 to 1954, they discharged the functions previously carried out by the Commissioners of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues. There were three commissioners at any one time: the Minister of Agriculture, the Secretary of State for Scotland and one permanent commissioner.
A cause célèbre in the 1950s caused the management of Crown lands to be scrutinised. Land at Crichel Down in Dorset requisitioned for military purposes was transferred to the Commissioners of Crown Lands when it was no longer required by the army. The previous owners wanted their land back, but the Minister of Agriculture, Thomas Dugdale, was adamant that it should not be returned. A series of reports led to the reconstitution of the management of Crown lands under the Crown Estate Acts of 1956 and 1961, removing the involvement of politicians in their management.
Permanent commissioners of Crown Lands
* 1924 Arthur S Gaye
* 1934 Charles Launcelot Stocks
* 1941 Osmund Somers Cleverly (later Sir Osmund Cleverly)
* 1952 Christopher Eastwood
* 1954 Sir Osmund Cleverly | WIKI |
Page:Bury J B The Cambridge Medieval History Vol 2 1913.djvu/124
96 common chest, could manumit their slaves and take legacies and inheritances. They usually acted through a manager; their resolutions required a majority of the quorum, which was two-thirds of the whole number of councillors (decuriones). They are said corpus habere, "to be a body corporate."
Other associations for burials or for religious or charitable purposes, often combined with social festivities, were allowed to exist with statutes of their own making, if not contrary to the general law. But without express permission they could not have full corporate rights. Guilds or unions of the members of a trade, as bakers, are found with various privileges. Such authorised societies or clubs were often called collegia or sodalitates. They were modelled more or less on civic corporations: Marcus Aurelius first granted them permission to manumit there slaves.
The large companies for farming the taxes (publicani) or working gold or silver mines had the rights of a corporation, but probably not so far as to exclude individual liability for the debts, if the common chest did not suffice.
differs from the three other contracts, which are based on simple agreement. There are no reciprocal services and no remuneration or common profits. It is gratuitous agency: not the agency of a paid man of business; that would come under the head of hiring. Nor is it like the agency of a slave; that is the use of a chattel by its owner. It is the agency of a friend whose good faith, as well as his credit, is at stake in the matter. The mandatee is liable to the mandator for due performance of the commission he had undertaken, and the mandator is liable to him only for the reimbursement of his expenses in the conduct of the matter.
Similar agency but unauthorised, without any contract, was not uncommon at Rome, when a friend took it upon himself to manage some business for another in the latter's absence and thereby saved him from some loss or even gained him some advantage. The swift process of the law courts in early days seems to have produced and justified friendly interference by third parties, which required and received legal recognition. The person whose affairs had thus been handled had a claim upon the interferer for anything thereby gained, and for compensation for any loss occasioned by such perhaps really ill-advised action or for negligence in the conduct of the business, and was liable to reimburse him for expenses, and relieve him of other burdens he might have incurred on the absentee's behalf. Such actions were said to be negotiorum gestorum, "for business done."
But in Rome the usual agent was a slave; for anything acquired by him was thereby ipso facto acquired for his master, and for any debt incurred by him his master was liable up to the amount of his slave's peculium; and if the business in question was really for the master's account or done on his order the master was liable in full. And though | WIKI |
CORRECTED-Qantas H1 profit falls near 19 pct on higher fuel costs
(Corrects year earlier H1 underlying profit before tax to A$959 mln from A$976 mln) Feb 21 (Reuters) - Australia’s Qantas Airways Ltd on Thursday reported a near 19 percent fall in half-year profit, as increased international revenue failed to fully offset a margin squeeze from higher fuel prices. Underlying profit before tax, its most closely watched measure, fell to A$780 million ($558.48 million) for the six months ended Dec. 31, from A$959 million a year ago. Qantas, which had not provided first-half earnings guidance, said it would return A$500 million to shareholders through dividends and a share buyback. ($1 = 1.3966 Australian dollars) Reporting by Nikhil Kurian Nainan in Bengaluru; Editing by
Richard Chang | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
User:Afterburner214
I am a high school student interested in: aviation, computers, railroading, railfanning, simulations, and football.
I need to get a job, and Wikipedia, isn't helping :=) | WIKI |
Spectroscopy of the archetype colliding-wind binary WR 140 during the 2009 January periastron passage
Authors
Mons Pro-Am collaboration.
E-mail: fahed@astro.umontreal.ca
ABSTRACT
We present the results from the spectroscopic monitoring of WR 140 (WC7pd + O5.5fc) during its latest periastron passage in 2009 January. The observational campaign consisted of a constructive collaboration between amateur and professional astronomers. It took place at six locations, including Teide Observatory, Observatoire de Haute Provence, Dominion Astrophysical Observatory and Observatoire du Mont Mégantic. WR 140 is known as the archetype of colliding-wind binaries and it has a relatively long period (inline image8 yr) and high eccentricity (inline image0.9). We provide updated values for the orbital parameters, new estimates for the WR and O star masses and new constraints on the mass-loss rates and colliding-wind geometry.
Ancillary | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Substance of the Work Entitled Fruits and Farinacea The Proper Food of Man.djvu/18
man is so constructed as to be capable of feeding on a great variety of substances, according as climate and circumstances may suggest, and yet enjoy a tolerable amount of health, happiness, and longevity, there can be no doubt. (The advantages of such a range of capability will be afterwards referred to.) Hence it is plausible to represent, that climate ought to determine our diet. In the torrid regions (say they), "where rich fruits grow naturally and abound, where rice or sago or maize or breadfruits or cassava thrive, but sheep and oxen are inferior, vegetarian food is best for man; but in colder climates, nature evidently intends animal food to be a chief part of his diet." Of course a nation feeds on whatever presents itself with least trouble; use reconciles it to the most customary food, and, within certain limits, the allmentary organs accommodate themselves to the circumstances. But whatever their power of accommodation, this does not amount to a change of organization; nor can we deny that, if man was originally frugivorous, he is so now. Nay, I assert as matter of fact, that his present organization is that of a frugivorous animal, and, therefore, that to live on fruits and grain is strictly NATURAL to him.
Between the organs of digestion, of motion, and of sensation there is so fine a harmony, that even from one or two bones a skilful naturalist will often discern the dietetic habits of an extinct species. A piercing eye or keen scent, swiftness, strong talons or claws, sharp angular teeth or a crooked beak, a simple stomach, a short alimentary canal, generally mark the carnivora. The herbivora, for the most part, are in the reverse; and so consistent is nature, that we never find an animal with organs of a rapacious character combined with those of an opposite class, as, the claws of the tiger with the stomach or intestinal canal of the sheep. | WIKI |
Cattail Branch (Saulsbury Creek tributary)
Cattail Branch is a 5.85 mi long third-order tributary to Saulsbury Creek in Kent County, Delaware.
Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
* Cat Tail Branch
Course
Cattail Branch rises on the Green Branch divide about 1-mile west-northwest of Layton Corners, Delaware, and then flows generally south to join Saulsbury Creek about 0.5 miles north of Adamsville, Delaware.
Watershed
Cattail Branch drains 7.44 sqmi of area, receives about 44.7 in/year of precipitation, and is about 5.83% forested. | WIKI |
Erythromycin - Oral
What is erythromycin?
Erythromycin (brand names: Gallimycin®, Ery-Tab®, Ery-Ped®, E.E.S., ERYC®, Emycin®, Erybid®, Erythro®, Erythrocin®, PCE®) is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial infections, most commonly Rhodocuccus equi infections in foals. It also acts as a prokinetic used to increase the movement of the gastrointestinal tract. Today, it is not commonly used in species other than horses.
Its use in horses, cats, dogs, ferrets, and birds to treat infections or gastrointestinal mobility problems is ‘off label’ or ‘extra label’. Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off label use in veterinary medicine. In these instances, follow your veterinarian’s directions and cautions very carefully as their directions may be significantly different from those on the label.
How is erythromycin given?
Erythromycin is given by mouth in the form of a capsule, tablet, or liquid. Give this medication on an empty stomach; if vomiting, lack of appetite, or diarrhea occur, give future doses with food. Measure liquid forms of this medication carefully. It can also be given as an injection in the hospital setting. This medication will take effect quickly, in about 1 to 2 hours, but effects may not be visibly obvious for a few days.
What if I miss giving my pet the medication?
If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give it at the next scheduled time, and return to the regular dosing schedule. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses.
Are there any potential side effects?
Side effects of the oral forms include diarrhea, lack of appetite, and/or vomiting. In foals, decreased appetite, teeth grinding, and diarrhea can occur. Abnormal temperature regulation and overheating can also occur in foals. In adult horses, severe diarrhea can occur.
This short-acting medication should stop working within 24 hours, although effects can be longer in pets with liver or kidney disease.
Are there any risk factors for this medication?
Erythromycin should not be used in pets that are allergic to it, or in pets with liver disease or dysfunction. It should not be used in rabbits, gerbils, guinea pigs, or hamsters. Erythromycin should be used cautiously in pets with abnormal heart rhythms. Use during pregnancy or lactation is likely safe, although studies in animal species are lacking. In horses, use cautiously in those greater than 4 months old or in horses exposed to hot weather; provide shade and close observation in these environments.
Some breeds of dogs (e.g., Collies, Sheepdogs, and Collie- or Sheepdog-cross breeds) are more sensitive than others to medications. This is typically due to a specific genetic mutation (MDR1) that makes them less able to tolerate high doses of certain medications. Therefore, use erythromycin cautiously in these cases.
Are there any drug interactions I should be aware of?
The following medications should be used with caution when given with erythromycin: alfentanil, alprazolam, azole antifungals, bromocriptine, buspirone, carbamazepine, chemotherapy agents, chloramphenicol, cisapride, clindamycin, cyclosporine, digoxin, diltiazem, disopyramide, lincomycin, methylprednisolone, midazolam, omeprazole, quinidine, sildenafil, sucralfate, tacrolimus, theophylline, triazolam, verapamil, or warfarin. Be sure to tell your veterinarian about any medications (including vitamins, supplements, or herbal therapies) that your pet is taking.
Erythromycin may also interact with the liver parameters AST and ALT, and could cause falsely elevated values.
Is there any monitoring that needs to be done with this medication?
There is no specific monitoring that needs to be done while your pet is taking this medication. Your veterinarian may monitor your pet to be sure that the medication is working. Monitor your pet for adverse side effects including liver problems when using this medication long-term.
How do I store erythromycin?
Capsules and tablets should be stored at room temperature between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C) in tight containers and protected from light. Oral liquids should be refrigerated.
What should I do in case of emergency?
If you suspect an overdose or an adverse reaction to the medication, call your veterinary office immediately. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility.
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Kelvin J. MILES, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES, Appellee.
Nos. 81-731, 82-246.
District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
Argued March 10, 1983.
Decided Oct. 24, 1984.
Charles J. Ogletree, Public Defender Service, Washington, D.C., with whom A. Franklin Burgess, Public Defender Service, Washington, D.C., at the time the brief was filed, was on the brief, for appellant.
Anita J. Stephens, Asst. U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., with whom Stanley S. Harris, U.S. Atty., Washington, D.C., at the time the brief was filed, Michael W. Farrell and David W. Stanley, Asst. U.S. Attys., Washington, D.C., were on the brief, for appellee.
Before NEWMAN, Chief Judge, and MACK and BELSON, Associate Judges.
BELSON, Associate Judge:
In this consolidated appeal appellant seeks review of judgments of conviction for first-degree burglary, D.C.Code § 22-1801(a) (1981), and assault with intent to commit rape, D.C.Code § 22-501 (1981), and also of the trial court's subsequent order denying appellant’s motion to vacate his sentence under D.C.Code § 23-110(a) (1981). Appellant contends: 1) that the government deprived him of his Fifth Amendment right to an independent grand jury by presenting to the grand jury transcripts of the testimony of the chief government witness given to a previous grand jury rather than his live testimony and by failing to present purportedly exculpatory evidence to the grand jury; 2) that the trial court erred in admitting the complainant’s in-court identification of appellant; 3) that the trial court abused its discretion in failing to give missing witness instructions requested by the defense; 4) that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence that appellant had agreed to come to a police station to discuss the crimes but failed to appear, and 5) that the prosecution commented improperly in closing argument on appellant’s failure to testify. We find appellant’s various contentions unpersuasive. Therefore, we affirm.
I
In the early evening of March 6, 1979, the complainant went to a convenience store for some groceries. While she was standing in the checkout line, a man, later identified as George Lane, attempted to start a conversation with her. Complainant ignored him and left the store with her purchases. Upon entering her apartment building, complainant again encountered George Lane, who was with another man later identified as appellant. Both Lane and appellant joined complainant in an elevator and got off with complainant on the sixth floor where her apartment was located. While in the elevator, appellant asked complainant her name. She gave him her first name.
Complainant went into her apartment. When she came back out into the hallway a few minutes later she saw appellant and Lane talking with a delivery man and with her neighbor, Bernice Barnes. Thinking that the two men must live in her apartment building, complainant remained in the hallway with them for a few minutes, then went with Barnes into Barnes’ apartment. While she was there, one of the men, whom complainant did not see, knocked at the door and asked Barnes’ daughter, Denise, for complainant. Denise told the man, whom she identified at trial as Lane, that complainant was not there. When he insisted that she was, Denise closed the door.
About 45 minutes later, complainant returned to her own apartment. The doorbell rang immediately and, thinking it was a neighbor, she opened the door. Standing alone in the doorway, appellant asked complainant whether he could use her bathroom. She consented. When appellant came out of the bathroom he grabbed complainant, told her he had a gun, forced her into her bedroom and demanded that she remove her clothes. He turned out the bedroom light and, according to complainant, he sodomized her. A few minutes later complainant, thinking he had gone, phoned her sister. However, appellant immediately reappeared, shouted the name of complainant’s sister into the phone, and then left the apartment.
Complainant gave physical descriptions of both appellant and Lane to the police when they arrived at her apartment. About 3 weeks later complainant viewed a photo array, and identified Lane as her assailant with “90%” certainty. The police arrested Lane.
On April 23, 1979, complainant attended a lineup which included Lane. Complainant positively identified Lane not as her assailant but as the companion of her assailant. Charges against Lane were dropped. Lane was nevertheless taken before a grand jury where he denied involvement in the offense. He testified that appellant was with him outside complainant’s apartment on the day in question and that appellant had told him the next day that he had had sexual intercourse with complainant. The grand jury was not asked to return an indictment and was dismissed.
In September 1979, appellant stood in a line-up which complainant did not attend. Shortly thereafter, she was shown a photograph of this line-up but did not recognize anyone.
In October 1979 a second grand jury was convened. Complainant testified, and the government introduced the transcript of Lane’s earlier grand jury testimony. Because of delays, the grand jury’s term expired prior to its return of an indictment.
Subsequently a third grand jury was convened. The government presented no live witnesses, but introduced transcripts of Lane’s and complainant’s earlier grand jury testimony. That grand jury returned an indictment against appellant.
Appellant filed a post-trial motion to dismiss , the indictment, alleging grand jury abuse. Following a hearing, the trial court denied appellant’s motion.
After noting a timely appeal from his convictions, appellant filed a motion to vacate sentence pursuant to D.C.Code § 23-110 (1981), again alleging grand jury abuse. The trial judge held evidentiary hearings, primarily to inform himself concerning the respective proceedings of each of the three grand juries. Thereafter, the court denied appellant’s motion. Appellant filed a notice of appeal from that order also.
II
Appellant’s first contention is that the government deprived appellant of his Fifth Amendment right to an independent grand jury in that it presented to the third grand jury transcripts of Lane’s prior testimony to a previous grand jury rather than live testimony, and in that it failed to introduce evidence to the third grand jury that purportedly exculpated appellant but inculpated Lane. We find appellant’s arguments unpersuasive.
For centuries the grand jury’s responsibilities have included “both the determination whether there is probable cause to believe a crime has been committed and the protection of citizens against unfounded criminal prosecutions.” United States v. Calandra, 414 U.S. 338, 343, 94 S.Ct. 613, 617, 38 L.Ed.2d 561 (1974), citing Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U.S. 665, 686-87, 92 S.Ct. 2646, 2659-60, 33 L.Ed.2d 626 (1972). “The grand jury’s sources of information are widely drawn and the validity of an indictment is not affected by the character of the evidence considered.” Calandra, supra, 414 U.S. at 344-45, 94 S.Ct. at 618-19, citing Costello v. United States, 350 U.S. 359, 363-65, 76 S.Ct. 406, 408-09, 100 L.Ed. 397 (1956); see also United States v. Washington, 328 A.2d 98, 102 (D.C.1974), cert. granted, rev’d on other grounds, 426 U.S. 944, 96 S.Ct. 3162, 49 L.Ed.2d 1181 (1976). Accordingly, “[i]t is axiomatic that the prosecutor has considerable discretion in determining what evidence to present to the grand jury.” United States v. Boffa, 89 F.R.D. 523, 530 (D.Del.1981), citing United States v. Ciambrone, 601 F.2d 616, 622 (2d Cir.1979). See also United States v. Trass, 644 F.2d 791, 796 (9th Cir.1981).
We have stated our general preference for live testimony at a grand jury proceeding, Harvey v. United States, 395 A.2d 92, 97 n. 11 (D.C.1978), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 936, 99 S.Ct. 2061, 60 L.Ed.2d 665 (1979). However, we have expressly sanctioned the prosecutor’s use of a transcript of a witness’ prior sworn grand jury testimony in a later, separate grand jury proceeding. United States v. Wagoner, 313 A.2d 719 at 720-21 (D.C.1974), citing Costello v. United States, supra, 350 U.S. at 363, 94 S.Ct. at 408. See also, Harvey, supra, 395 A.2d at 97 n. 11. In United States v. Cruz, 478 F.2d 408, 410-11 (5th Cir.1973), the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit also relied on Costello in stating:
While the presentation of hearsay testimony of an investigating officer in lieu of readily available testimony by direct witnesses is by no means a preferred procedure, it is neither unconstitutional nor inherently wrong. In the absence of some showing that the integrity of grand jury proceedings has been impaired, an indictment even if based exclusively on such testimony will not be overturned on appeal.
The record does not reveal any attempt by the prosecutor to deceive the grand jury by the use of transcripts, as may occur where, for example, a witness’ version of an occurrence has changed after a grand jury proceeding with the result that the new version negates probable cause see, e.g., United States v. Provenzano, 440 F.Supp. 561 (S.D.N.Y.1977). The grand jury was not misled into believing that it had received eyewitness rather than hearsay testimony; nor was this a case in which the grand jury would not have indicted a defendant if it had heard eyewitness rather than hearsay testimony. See United States v. Estepa, 471 F.2d 1132, 1136-37 (2d Cir.1972).
Lane’s testimony to the first grand jury was based upon his personal knowledge and observation of appellant’s activities, not upon hearsay. The record does not reveal any substantial change in Lane’s testimony between the first grand jury proceeding and appellant’s trial which would have affected the grand jury’s decision to indict. Although at the time of the first grand jury Lane was no longer a suspect in the assault upon complainant, the indicting grand jury, through the transcript of Lane’s testimony, was aware that initially he had been arrested and therefore had some interest in the outcome of the case. We are persuaded that the trial court did not err in rejecting appellant’s motion to vacate sentence on this basis.
Regarding appellant’s contention that the prosecutor withheld exculpatory evidence from the grand jury, we observe first that a prosecutor ordinarily is not obligated to present to a grand jury all evidence that is favorable to an accused. United States v. Trass, supra, 644 F.2d at 797. See United States v. Lasky, 600 F.2d 765, 768 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 444 U.S. 979, 100 S.Ct. 480, 62 L.Ed.2d 405 (1979); United States v. Brown, 574 F.2d 1274, 1276 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 1046, 99 S.Ct. 720, 58 L.Ed.2d 704 (1978); Boffa, supra, 89 F.R.D. at 530; United States v. Mandel, 415 F.Supp. 1033, 1040 (D.Md.1976). However, where a prosecutor is aware of substantial evidence negating a defendant’s guilt which might reasonably be expected to lead a grand jury not to indict, his failure to disclose such evidence to a grand jury may lead to dismissal of the indictment. See Ciambrone, supra, 601 F.2d at 623; Boffa, supra, 89 F.R.D. at 530. See generally 1 ABA Standards for Criminal Justice — The Prosecution Function, § 3-3.6 (2d ed. 1980) (“no prosecutor should knowingly fail to disclose to the grand jury evidence which will tend substantially to negate guilt”).
The third grand jury was informed that Lane had been present in complainant’s apartment house with appellant shortly before the crime, that he had become acquainted with complainant, and that he had been identified as a suspect after the crime and had been arrested in connection with it. In addition, the grand jury was informed that complainant had been unable to identify appellant as her assailant during pretrial identification procedures.
We note that the purportedly exculpatory evidence not made known to the third grand jury was either cumulative of the evidence presented which implicated Lane, or was collateral to the issue of appellant’s guilt or innocence of the charged crimes. Finally, all of the purportedly exculpatory evidence was presented to the jury at trial, and the jury, in turn, found appellant guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of two of the three charged crimes — first-degree burglary and assault with intent to commit rape.
In ruling on the motion to vacate sentence the trial court wrote, inter alia, “The way in which the government handled the presentation of defendant’s case to the grand jury leaves much to be desired. However, the court cannot find that the government abused the Grand Jury process either by presenting shoddy merchandise ... or by presenting prior grand jury testimony which the government knew or had reason to know was unreliable.” [citations omitted]. On the record before us, we are unable to conclude that the trial court’s underlying findings of fact were plainly wrong or that its legal conclusions were erroneous. Thus, we reject appellant’s contentions concerning grand jury abuse.
Ill
Appellant’s second contention arises out of the circumstances surrounding complainant’s viewing of appellant in the courtroom while complainant was first being presented to the panel of prospective jurors during voir dire. Appellant contends that the trial court’s admission of complainant’s in-court identification of appellant violated the requirements of due process under the principles of Stovall v. Denno, 388 U.S. 293, 87 S.Ct. 1967, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199 (1967) and its progeny. See, e.g., Manson v. Brathwaite, 432 U.S. 98, 104-14, 97 S.Ct. 2243, 2247-53, 53 L.Ed.2d 140 (1977); Neil v. Biggers, 409 U.S. 188, 93 S.Ct. 375, 34 L.Ed.2d 401 (1972). Alternatively, appellant contends that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting the complainant’s in-court identification, because it constituted evidence “so inherently weak or unreliable as to lack probative value.” See Sheffield v. United States, 397 A.2d 963, 967 (D.C.), cert. denied, 441 U.S. 965, 99 S.Ct. 2414, 60 L.Ed.2d 1071 (1979); Reavis v. United States, 395 A.2d 75, 78-79 (D.C.1978). We are unpersuaded by appellant’s contentions.
Shortly before trial and out of the jury’s presence, the prosecutor informed the court that during jury selection complainant had spontaneously recognized appellant, who was seated at the defense table, as her assailant and that she would therefore be making an in-court identification of appellant. In response to the court’s question whether the prosecutor or anyone else had previously suggested to the complainant where her assailant would be in the courtroom, the prosecutor replied:
Your honor, to my knowledge, no one focused her attention on the table. When I had my last discussion with her which was the other day I told her I would not be seeking an in-court identification from her, however ... I told her to be alert and if she in fact did see anyone she recognized she should let me or someone know ....
Appellant’s counsel objected to the introduction of the in-court identification. He contended that complainant had failed to make any pretrial identifications of appellant as her assailant and that her courtroom identification of appellant may thus have been the product of the prosecutor’s pretrial remarks. Appellant’s counsel requested “a hearing as to whether [the prosecutor’s conduct was] suggestive constituting a denial of due process.”
The trial court initially ruled that the in-court identification appeared to be admissible under Middleton v. United States, 401 A.2d 109 (D.C.1979). However, noting that it wished to proceed with “an abundance of caution,” the court went on to hold a hearing at which complainant testified concerning what she had been told by the prosecutor about the location of persons in the courtroom prior to her recognizing appellant in the courtroom.
Complainant testified that 3 days before trial she had met with the prosecutor and Detective Terrell. She said that the prosecutor told her that she would be asked to make an in-court identification of her assailant only if she were able to do so, and that no one had directed her to look for her assailant anywhere in the courtroom. On cross-examination, complainant elaborated that the prosecutor had told her that when she was introduced to the jury, she “may or may not” see her assailant, and that if she were to see him, she was to tell the prosecutor. She also stated that a few weeks before trial, the prosecutor took her to a courtroom and, because she had never previously been to a trial, described to her the respective locations of the judge, jury, testifying witnesses and the defense table.
Following the brief hearing held out of the presence of the jury, the trial judge stated that he credited the version of the pretrial events offered by complainant and the prosecution, and ruled that he would admit complainant’s in-court identification under Middleton, supra, “subject to cross-examination in all [its] facets.” Appellant now contends, as he did following the court’s ruling at trial, that unlike the situation in Middleton, the prosecutor here engaged in “intentionally suggestive” pretrial efforts to obtain an identification from complainant, see generally United States v. York, 138 U.S.App.D.C. 197, 426 F.2d 1191 (1969); Mason v. United States, 134 U.S.App.D.C. 280, 414 F.2d 1176 (1969), and that consequently, as a matter of due process, the hearing should be extended to the reliability of the complainant’s identification. Jennings, supra, 431 A.2d at 558; Patterson, supra, 384 A.2d at 667.
We cannot say that the trial court erred in its conclusion that the prosecutor’s pretrial conversations with complainant did not constitute “intentionally suggestive efforts by the prosecution to obtain an initial identification.” Brown v. United States, 327 A.2d 539, 541 (D.C.1974). The circumstances here differ somewhat from those in Middleton, supra and Brown, supra, in that in those cases the events which supposedly tainted identification took place in the courtroom without any direct involvement of the prosecutor, whereas here the prosecutor’s pretrial conversations assert-edly influenced complainant’s identification of appellant. While our ruling here should not be viewed as sanctioning the prosecutor’s actions, particularly his pointing out defense table to complainant, we discern no reason on this record to disagree with the trial court’s conclusion.
Since the hearing conducted by the court led to the conclusion that there was no unnecessary suggestiveness, there was no need to extend the hearing to the issue of the reliability of the identification. Jennings, supra, 431 A.2d at 558; Patterson, supra, 384 A.2d at 667.
We add that, during trial, appellant’s counsel developed fully the issues surrounding complainant’s identification of appellant. The jury then evaluated the evidence of identification under the instructions of the trial judge, “the very task our system must assume juries can perform.” Watkins v. Sowders, 449 U.S. 341, 347, 101 S.Ct. 654, 658, 66 L.Ed.2d 549 (1981).
IV
Appellant’s third contention is that the trial court abused its discretion in denying appellant’s request for a missing witness instruction for Jesse Hall, whom Lane testified he was with at the time of the incident, and for Lane’s mother, father, and brother, who purportedly heard appellant tell Lane that he had had sexual intercourse with complainant on the night of the assault. We find no error in the court’s action.
In order for a party to be entitled to a missing witness instruction, the court must first determine that the requesting party has satisfied two conditions: 1) that the witness be “peculiarly available” to the party against whom the inference is sought to be made, and 2) that the witness’ testimony would be likely to elucidate the transaction at issue. See Graves v. United States, 150 U.S. 118, 121, 14 S.Ct. 40, 41, 37 L.Ed. 1021 (1893); Thomas v. United States, 447 A.2d 52, 57 (D.C.1982); Cooper v. United States, 415 A.2d 528, 533 (D.C.1980).
A witness is not peculiarly available to a party when there is a showing that his identity was known to the opposing party seeking the instruction, who thus could require his physical presence by subpoena. Nor is a witness peculiarly available to a party if, as a practical matter, the witness’ testimony is expected to be hostile to that party. See, e.g., Thomas, supra, 447 A.2d at 57-58; Cooper, supra, 415 A.2d at 533 n. 11.
To meet the elucidation requirement, the requesting party must show that the witness’ testimony would be important to the defendant’s case, would be noncumulative, or would otherwise be superior to other testimony already given on the matter. See Thomas, supra, 447 A.2d at 57; Cooper, supra, 415 A.2d at 534. Appellant did not establish the existence of the preconditions — peculiar availability and elucidation — necessary to warrant missing witness instructions with regard to Jesse Hall and Lane’s relatives.
With respect to Hall, appellant failed to show that Hall was either physically or practically unavailable to appellant. Moreover, the record reveals that Hall may not have been able to elucidate the transaction, i.e., Lane’s “alibi.” According to Terrell, Hall was unable to remember whether or not Lane had visited him on the night of the incident.
With respect to Lane’s relatives, to the extent that they shared with Lane an identity of interest, their testimony would have been simply cumulative of and not superior to Lane’s testimony. And if, as appellant contends, their testimony would have been unbiased and disinterested, unlike Lane’s, their interests would not have been sufficiently hostile to appellant’s to have rendered them practically unavailable to appellant. See Thomas, supra; Cooper, supra. For the foregoing reasons, we find that the trial court ruled correctly in denying appellant’s request for missing witness instructions. The prerequisites for such instructions were not present.
In so ruling, we reiterate two points made for the court in Chief Judge Newman’s comprehensive discussion of the missing witness rule in Thomas, supra. The first is that even where the prerequisites of elucidation and peculiar availability are satisfied, the court has discretion to refuse the instructions. “This discretionary decision should be guided by reference to the underlying rationale for the doctrine, by considering ‘whether from all circumstances an inference of unfavorable testimony from an absent witness is a natural and reasonable one.’ ” Thomas, supra, 447 A.2d at 58 (citations omitted).
A second point made in Thomas was the following:
This and other recent cases illustrate that missing witness inferences are being sought, and are often permitted, in a much broader class of circumstances than the doctrine was ever meant to reach. This has occasioned numerous reversals and thus led to retrials that could easily have been avoided. The upshot is that both the court’s and the parties’ time and resources are expended unnecessarily. A more restrained and cautious use of the doctrine would not only be truer to its underlying rationale, but would decrease the unnecessary burden on the judicial system that results from its abuse.
Thomas, supra, 447 A.2d at 60 (citations omitted).
While phrased in terms that apply specifically to missing witness inferences urged by the prosecution, our statement in Thomas has application to defense requests as well, and reinforces our conclusion that the appellant’s missing witness argument here is without merit.
V
Appellant’s next contention is that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting Detective Terrell’s testimony that she had spoken over the telephone with appellant prior to his arrest and that he had agreed to come to the police station to give a statement about the incident, but never appeared. Assuming without deciding that the government failed to lay a proper foundation that the recipient of the phone call had actually been appellant, see, e.g., United States v. Johnston, 318 F.2d 288, 292 (6th Cir.1963), we are satisfied that any error in the admission of the testimony was harmless. Kotteakos v. United States, 328 U.S. 750, 765, 66 S.Ct. 1239, 1248, 90 L.Ed. 1557 (1946).
Terrell’s testimony was on a matter entirely collateral to appellant’s guilt of the charged offenses. Neither counsel referred to this testimony in closing argument. The jury was not instructed by the court on the evidence, either as it may have manifested appellant’s consciousness of guilt or otherwise. Appellant waited until just before closing arguments to object to the admission of the statement, thereby depriving the government of the opportunity to have corrected any error in a timely manner by attempting to lay an adequate foundation. Finally, the government’s evidence of appellant’s guilt was weighty. For the foregoing reasons, we are convinced that the jury’s verdict was not “substantially swayed” by the error. Id.
VI
Appellant’s final contention is that the prosecutor improperly commented in his closing argument upon appellant’s failure to testify at trial, infringing upon his Fifth Amendment rights. Appellant isolates the following remark as improper:
If he [George Lane] was lying, why would he say that it was Kelvin Miles that was with him? No evidence of any animosity or hate. He says he was his friend. If he was lying, I submit you wouldn’t tell them the name of a real person, Kelvin Miles, that they could go and find. A real person if he gave them that name might be able to conclusively disprove George Lane’s allegation. He might be able to prove he was in a hospital.
TR. 536-36 (emphasis supplied). We are not persuaded by appellant’s contention.
In order to determine whether a prosecutor improperly commented upon a defendant’s silence at trial, we must determine whether the prosecutor’s statements “were manifestly intended or [were] of such character that the jury would naturally and necessarily take [them] to be a comment on the failure of the accused to testify.” Wright v. United States, 387 A.2d 582, 584 (D.C.1978); Brown v. United States, 383 A.2d 1082, 1085 (D.C.1978). We do not regard the remarks challenged here either as demonstrating the prosecutor’s intent to deprive appellant of a fair trial or as directly and unambiguously drawing the jury’s attention to appellant’s failure to testify. Rather, we observe that on their face these remarks were plainly the prosecutor’s attempt to place the credibility of George Lane in a favorable light. They amount to a suggestion to the jury that, if Lane had set out to lie to the police about another’s involvement in the incident to the police, it would have been in Lane’s best interest to have provided the police with a fictitious name, in order to avoid the risk that the person named would later contradict Lane’s version of the events. We are therefore satisfied that a reasonable juror would not have naturally and necessarily interpreted the prosecutor’s remarks as comments on appellant’s silence at trial. See Wright, supra. In view of the foregoing, the judgment and order on appeal are
Affirmed.
. The indictment charged appellant with sodomy in violation of D.C.Code § 22-3502 (1981), in addition to first-degree burglary and assault with attempt to commit rape. He was acquitted of the sodomy charge.
. At trial, complainant testified that the black and white photograph did not accurately depict Lane’s dark complexion but, rather, gave the impression that the person in the photograph had light skin. In addition, in the photograph, Lane was not wearing glasses and had no facial hair.
.At trial complainant stated that although she had previously picked out Lane’s picture as that of her assailant, she was "absolutely positive" that Lane was not her assailant.
. Appellant contends that the government failed to introduce the following “exculpatory” evidence: 1) that at the photo array conducted on March 29, 1979, almost 3 weeks after the crime, complainant had picked out a picture of Lane as her assailant with "90% certainty;’’ 2) that complainant had failed to pick out appellant from a line-up photograph, but instead picked out two other men whom she claimed had features similar to the assailant; 3) that Denise Barnes had identified Lane as the person who had come looking for complainant; 4) that the leather jacket matching the complainant's description of that worn by her assailant had been seized from Lane; 5) that Lane’s "alibi” witness, Jesse Hall, did not support Lane’s alibi.
. Evidence cumulative of complainant’s original implication of Lane included Denise Barnes’ identification of Lane as the man who had asked to speak with complainant when complainant was in Barnes’ apartment, the resemblance between appellant’s and Lane's jackets on the night of the incident, and Jesse Hall’s inability to recall whether Lane had spent time with him on the night of the incident.
. When there is a due process challenge to an in-court identification based upon allegedly improper identification procedures, we have required the trial court to undertake two main inquiries. First, the court must determine whether the identification procedure employed was unnecessarily suggestive and conducive to irreparable misidentification. See Stovall v. Denno, supra, 388 U.S. at 302, 87 S.Ct. at 1972; Jennings v. United States, 431 A.2d 552, 558 (D.C.1981), cert. denied, 457 U.S. 1135, 102 S.Ct. 2964, 73 L.Ed.2d 1353 (1982); Patterson v. United States, 384 A.2d 663, 665 (D.C.1978). Second, if the court finds that the identification procedure was unnecessarily suggestive, it must then determine whether, in light of all the circumstances, the resulting identification was nonetheless reliable. See Manson v. Brathwaite, supra, 432 U.S. at 114, 97 S.Ct. at 2253; Jennings, supra, 431 A.2d at 558; Patterson, supra, 384 A.2d at 665. Typically, this two-stage inquiry is made by the court in the context of a hearing outside the jury's presence. See Simmons v. United States, 390 U.S. 377, 88 S.Ct. 967, 19 L.Ed.2d 1247 (1968); United States v. Hurt, 155 U.S.App.D.C. 217, 220 n. 4, 476 F.2d 1164, 1167 n. 4 (1973); Clemons v. United States, 133 U.S. App.D.C. 27, 34, 408 F.2d 1230, 1237 (1968), cert. denied, 394 U.S. 964, 89 S.Ct. 1318, 22 L.Ed.2d 567 (1969).
. In Middleton a police officer, who had been assaulted by the defendant during the defendant's escape from the scene of a robbery, had been unable to make any pretrial identifications of his assailant. However, at the lunch recess on the first day of appellant’s trial, out of the presence of the jury, the officer recognized appellant in the courtroom. Following a hearing outside the presence of the jury, the court concluded that the circumstances presented “no constitutional impermissiveness" and admitted the officer's in-court identification. In rejecting appellant’s due process attack on the admission of the identification, we held that "without more, the mere exposure of the accused to a witness in the suggestive setting of a criminal trial does not amount to the sort of impermissible confrontation with which the due process clause is concerned.” Id. at 132 (footnote omitted). We further noted that "absent a constitutionally cognizable impropriety in the procedure by which the accused is exposed to the witness, the fact that such a confrontation was suggestively focused does not by itself raise a bar to the witness' identification testimony." Id. at 133; see also Reavis v. United States, supra, 395 A.2d at 78.
. In a footnote, appellant suggests that Lane’s relatives were automatically rendered physically unavailable to appellant under the missing witness rule because appellant learned of their existence and identities for the first time in the course of trial. See, e.g., Brown v. United States, 388 A.2d 451, 459 (D.C. 1978); United States v. Stevenson, 138 U.S.App.D.C. 10, 13-14, 424 F.2d 923, 926-27 (1970). Contrary to appellant’s contentions, we have not adopted this proposition as "settled law.” In many circumstances, a party may readily secure by subpoena the testimony of a witness who comes to that party’s attention for the first time during trial. See, e.g. Dent v. United States, 404 A.2d 165, 170 (D.C.1979); Brown v. United States, 134 U.S.App.D.C. 269, 271, 414 F.2d 1165, 1167 (1969) (per cu-riam); Wynn v. United States, 130 U.S.App.D.C. 60, 64-65 n. 23, 397 F.2d 621, 625-26 n. 23 (1967). We are not persuaded that, under the circumstances here, members of witness Lane's family were unavailable to appellant.
. Appellant’s counsel seemed to recognize this plain meaning of the prosecutor’s remarks when in his closing argument, he remarked to the jury:
Now, Mr. Stanley said this. He says that George Lane — if he is really covering up here, why doesn’t he give the police the fictitious name? He is free. He doesn’t have to. But Mr. Stanley is missing an important fact. Isn’t he? That when Mr. Lane first gave the name he wasn’t free.
Now, is that going to help him get off the hook, ladies and gentlemen? You decide for yourself.
TR. II, 577.
| CASELAW |
A Taliban Leader, Eyeing U.S. Peace Deal, Speaks to Afghans’ Fears
DOHA, Qatar — In a sign that the Taliban see a peace deal with the United States as imminent, one of their top leaders released a rare audio message on Thursday seeking to ease the concerns of the insurgency’s own fighters — and those of Afghans who fear that an agreement could let the Taliban return to power and roll back human rights. Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, a deputy Taliban leader who was recently freed from a Pakistani cell to lead the talks with the Americans in Qatar, said in the message that he was “very hopeful” that the discussions that ended Tuesday could help end a war that has dragged on for 18 years. “We had the kind of talks that have created the opportunity to resolve things and find a solution in the future,” Mullah Baradar said. His message was a window into the internal politics of the Taliban, who are stuck in a deadly stalemate with the Afghan security forces, despite essentially controlling more Afghan territory than at any time since 2001, when the American invasion ousted them from political power. But he provided few details of guarantees on human rights, or whether the Taliban would accept anything less than the return of their oppressive Islamic Emirate that was toppled. His call for his fighters to show humility was also unlikely to quell public concerns considering the Taliban’s history. In their consolidation of power in the 1990s, they resorted to massacres and scorched-earth tactics as they wiped out pockets of resistance. As their talks with the Americans stretched into 16 days behind closed doors, concerns mounted in Afghanistan over what kind of a deal the Trump administration was pushing for. Some Afghans fear that the United States might lose its leverage by accepting a timeline for withdrawing its troops before the Taliban agree to meet with the Afghan government to discuss the country’s political future — which, so far, they have refused to do. Even if the Taliban engage with the government at a later stage, they could be riding the momentum of what they would see as a battlefield victory against the American-led coalition. And the Afghan government would be in a vulnerable position if its international partners had already agreed to leave. Speaking to reporters on Thursday in Washington, Hamdullah Mohib, the Afghan president’s national security adviser, sharply criticized American diplomats for leaving the Afghan government in the dark during the peace negotiations. “We don’t have the kind of transparency we should have,” he said, adding that after recent talks the American negotiators delivered only “bits and pieces” of what transpired during the discussions. Washington is “increasing the legitimacy of the Taliban,” Mr. Mohib said. “And decreasing the legitimacy of the Afghan government.” Such concerns were underscored by a recent television interview with the Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid, who said, with what many considered a triumphalist tone, that the insurgents would see themselves as returning “victorious.” Mullah Baradar tried to ease some of those fears in his message. “Those who come to an understanding with us, and they don’t cheat us or seek enmity, we will treat them like our brothers,” he said. “I am hopeful that all issues will be resolved, the countrymen should not be concerned.” He added: “Nobody has any thoughts of prejudice. It is our Islamic country, and all Afghans should sit together, show respect for each other, and we should have mercy on each other.” Some Taliban fighters and field commanders have a very different concern, fueled by news reports and rumors that their political leaders — many of whom have spent the war away from the battlefield — could compromise on some of their fundamental demands. Many Taliban field commanders, speaking on the condition of anonymity to avoid angering their political leaders, said that while they trusted them, they would accept nothing less than a full withdrawal of foreign forces — and soon. Their concerns seem fueled by reports that the United States wants to leave a residual force in Afghanistan for counterterrorism purposes. “In all these meetings, in all these days, I can’t think of a point or a thought that may have gone against our principles,” Mullah Baradar said, seemingly responding to those fears. As the United States has reduced its troop presence in the past few years, the war’s toll — civilian casualties aside — has fallen on the Afghan forces and the Taliban. That is reflected in the casualty numbers: While a total of more than 100,000 Afghan forces and Taliban are believed to have been killed, the number of coalition deaths stands at a little more than 3,500. “We are making staggering sacrifices in human life to defend not only our country, but also to hold at bay those forces which threaten global security,” Mr. Mohib, the Afghan national security adviser, said. In a sign of the government’s fragility, heavy fighting broke out on Thursday in Mazar-i-Sharif, the largest city in northern Afghanistan, between Afghan special forces sent from Kabul and militiamen and police officers loyal to a former governor, Atta Mohammed Noor. Mr. Noor had threatened violent resistance after President Ashraf Ghani’s government named a new provincial police chief, which Mr. Noor said violated a promise that he would have influence over key appointments. “Afghan security forces are tasked with protecting the Afghan people, not fighting each other over political disputes,” John Bass, a seemingly frustrated U.S. ambassador to Kabul, tweeted in a call for de-esecalation. The possibility that the United States might agree to withdraw troops from Afghanistan just as the war has intensified, and before a comprehensive political settlement is finalized, has raised fears that the war could devolve into revenge-taking and a fight over power once the Americans are gone. Mullah Baradar called on his fighters to show humility, though he also reinforced the idea that the Taliban already see themselves as triumphant. Now that God has “given them victory in political and military fields,” he said, they “shouldn’t resort to ego and pride.” “They should show humility, and show gratefulness to God,” he said. “Instead of a desire for power, they should think about service to Islam and the people.” He added, “My advice to them, my request to them, is that they not be arrogant and grandiose, and they should act in a way with the people as a father would do with their children — with kindness.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Typescript Bridge Pattern
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Introduction
The Bridge Pattern is a structural design pattern that decouples an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently. It is used to solve the problem of coupling between abstractions and their implementations, allowing them to be developed and modified independently.
The main design problem solved by the Bridge Pattern is the need to avoid a permanent binding between an abstraction (interface, abstraction class, or hierarchy) and its implementation (concrete implementation class or hierarchy). In traditional object-oriented design, changes to either the abstraction or its implementation often require corresponding changes to the other, leading to tight coupling and reduced flexibility.
The Bridge Pattern separates abstraction from implementation by introducing an abstract interface (abstraction) that is independent of the implementation details. It also defines a separate hierarchy of concrete implementations that implement the interface defined by the abstraction. This separation allows the abstraction and implementation to vary independently, enabling changes to one without affecting the other.
The Bridge Pattern typically involves the following components:
1. Abstraction:
• Defines the abstract interface for the abstraction and maintains a reference to an implementation object.
• Provides methods or operations that delegate to the implementation object.
2. Refined Abstraction:
• Extends the abstraction interface defined by the abstraction.
• Provides additional methods or operations that build on the basic functionality defined by the abstraction.
3. Implementor:
• Defines the interface for the implementation classes.
• Provides methods or operations that the concrete implementations must implement.
4. Concrete Implementor:
• Implements the implementor interface.
• Provides the concrete implementation of the methods or operations defined by the implementor.
By separating abstraction from implementation, the Bridge Pattern allows changes to be made to either the abstraction or its implementation independently of each other. This promotes flexibility, extensibility, and maintainability in software development by reducing coupling and allowing components to be developed, tested, and modified in isolation. Additionally, it enables the reuse of both abstractions and implementations in different contexts, leading to more modular and reusable code.
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Key Concepts
In the Bridge Pattern, the main components and concepts include:
1. Abstraction:
• Defines the abstract interface for the client code. It typically contains high-level methods that the client code can use to perform tasks.
• Maintains a reference to an object of type Implementor.
• Provides methods that delegate to the methods of the Implementor object.
2. Refined Abstraction:
• Extends the abstraction defined by the Abstraction class.
• Provides additional methods or functionality that build upon the basic interface defined by the Abstraction.
3. Implementor:
• Defines the interface for concrete implementation classes. It typically contains low-level methods that the concrete implementations must implement.
• Allows the Abstraction and Implementor to vary independently.
4. Concrete Implementor:
• Implements the Implementor interface.
• Provides the concrete implementation of the methods defined by the Implementor.
The Bridge Pattern distinguishes between abstraction and implementation by separating their concerns:
• Abstraction:
• Represents the high-level interface that clients interact with. It defines the operations or methods that clients can use to perform tasks.
• Contains a reference to an Implementor object but does not provide the concrete implementation of the methods itself.
• Delegates the execution of methods to the Implementor object.
• Implementation:
• Represents the low-level implementation details that the Abstraction relies on to perform tasks.
• Defines the interface for concrete implementation classes, specifying the methods that concrete implementations must provide.
• Provides concrete implementations of the methods defined by the Implementor interface.
By separating abstraction from implementation, the Bridge Pattern allows changes to be made to either the abstraction or its implementation independently of each other. This promotes flexibility, extensibility, and maintainability in software development by reducing coupling and allowing components to be developed, tested, and modified in isolation. Additionally, it enables the reuse of both abstractions and implementations in different contexts, leading to more modular and reusable code.
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Use Cases
The Bridge Pattern is beneficial in scenarios where there is a need to decouple an abstraction from its implementation, allowing them to vary independently. Some common scenarios where the Bridge Pattern is applied include:
1. UI Toolkits:
• UI toolkits, such as widget libraries or graphical user interface (GUI) frameworks, often use the Bridge Pattern to separate the platform-specific details (e.g., rendering, event handling) from the generic user interface components (e.g., buttons, menus). This allows developers to create platform-independent UI components that can be reused across different operating systems or platforms.
2. Database Drivers:
• Database drivers or ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) frameworks can benefit from the Bridge Pattern by separating the database-specific functionality (e.g., SQL generation, connection management) from the higher-level database access API. This allows developers to switch between different database vendors or versions without changing the application code that uses the database access API.
3. Device Drivers:
• Device drivers in operating systems or embedded systems often use the Bridge Pattern to separate the platform-specific device interaction (e.g., hardware communication, driver management) from the generic device functionality (e.g., input/output operations, device control). This allows device manufacturers to provide platform-independent drivers that can be used across different operating systems or hardware platforms.
4. Logging Frameworks:
• Logging frameworks can utilize the Bridge Pattern to separate the logging implementation (e.g., file logging, console logging, database logging) from the higher-level logging API. This allows developers to switch between different logging implementations without changing the application code that uses the logging API.
5. Networking Libraries:
• Networking libraries or communication protocols (e.g., HTTP, TCP/IP) can benefit from the Bridge Pattern by separating the network protocol implementation (e.g., packet serialization, socket management) from the higher-level network communication API. This allows developers to switch between different network protocols or communication mechanisms without changing the application code that uses the networking API.
Overall, the Bridge Pattern is commonly applied in scenarios where there is a need to separate abstraction from implementation, enabling flexibility, extensibility, and maintainability in software development. It allows developers to develop, test, and modify components independently, leading to more modular and reusable code.
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Example Code
Let's consider a scenario where we have a drawing application that supports drawing different shapes (e.g., circles, squares) on multiple platforms (e.g., web, desktop). We'll use the Bridge Pattern to decouple the shape abstraction from its rendering implementation, allowing us to change both the shapes and the rendering platforms independently.
// Abstraction: Shape
interface Shape {
draw(): void;
}
// Concrete Abstraction: Circle
class Circle implements Shape {
constructor(private x: number, private y: number, private radius: number, private renderer: Renderer) {}
draw(): void {
this.renderer.renderCircle(this.x, this.y, this.radius);
}/*w w w . b o o k 2 s . c o m*/
}
// Concrete Abstraction: Square
class Square implements Shape {
constructor(private x: number, private y: number, private size: number, private renderer: Renderer) {}
draw(): void {
this.renderer.renderSquare(this.x, this.y, this.size);
}
}
// Implementor: Renderer
interface Renderer {
renderCircle(x: number, y: number, radius: number): void;
renderSquare(x: number, y: number, size: number): void;
}
// Concrete Implementor: WebRenderer
class WebRenderer implements Renderer {
renderCircle(x: number, y: number, radius: number): void {
console.log(`WebRenderer: Drawing circle at (${x}, ${y}) with radius ${radius}`);
}
renderSquare(x: number, y: number, size: number): void {
console.log(`WebRenderer: Drawing square at (${x}, ${y}) with size ${size}`);
}
}
// Concrete Implementor: DesktopRenderer
class DesktopRenderer implements Renderer {
renderCircle(x: number, y: number, radius: number): void {
console.log(`DesktopRenderer: Drawing circle at (${x}, ${y}) with radius ${radius}`);
}
renderSquare(x: number, y: number, size: number): void {
console.log(`DesktopRenderer: Drawing square at (${x}, ${y}) with size ${size}`);
}
}
// Usage example
const webRenderer = new WebRenderer();
const desktopRenderer = new DesktopRenderer();
const circle1 = new Circle(10, 20, 30, webRenderer);
const circle2 = new Circle(50, 60, 40, desktopRenderer);
const square1 = new Square(100, 110, 50, webRenderer);
const square2 = new Square(150, 160, 60, desktopRenderer);
circle1.draw();
circle2.draw();
square1.draw();
square2.draw();
In this example:
• We define an Shape interface representing the abstraction for shapes, with a draw method to draw the shape.
• We implement concrete shapes (Circle and Square) that implement the Shape interface and take a Renderer object in their constructor to perform the drawing.
• We define a Renderer interface representing the implementation for rendering shapes, with methods for rendering circles and squares.
• We implement concrete renderers (WebRenderer and DesktopRenderer) that implement the Renderer interface and provide platform-specific rendering logic.
• We create instances of shapes (Circle and Square) and provide different renderers (WebRenderer and DesktopRenderer) to demonstrate the ability to change both the shape abstraction and the rendering implementation independently.
This example demonstrates how the Bridge Pattern allows us to change both the abstraction (shapes) and the implementation (renderers) independently. We can easily add new shapes or renderers without modifying existing code, promoting flexibility, extensibility, and maintainability in software development.
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«PreviousNext» | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Baby in a Box? Free Cardboard Bassinets Encourage Safe Sleeping
CAMDEN, N.J. — Jernica Quiñones, a mother of five, was the first parent in New Jersey to get her free baby box — a portable, low-tech bassinet made of laminated cardboard. But first, she had to take an online course about safe sleeping practices, which experts say can sharply reduce the chances of sudden infant death syndrome. “Basically, you want to have the baby on the mattress, and that’s it,” she said after watching a 20-minute series of videos. The message may not be new. But health officials say it is critical to keeping babies safe. To reduce infant mortality, parents must put babies to sleep on their backs on a firm mattress in either a bassinet or a crib — with no pillow, blanket, stuffed animal or bumpers. Now, New Jersey has become the first state to adopt a broad program to reduce infant deaths by aiming to distribute as many as 105,000 of the so-called baby boxes — the expected number of births in the state this year. Baby boxes, which have a snug-fitting mattress, have been handed out to new parents for decades in Finland, which has one of the lowest infant mortality rates in the world, and less than half that of the United States. “It’s really not about the box; it’s about the education,” said Dr. Kathie McCans, a pediatric emergency physician at Cooper University Hospital and chairwoman of the state’s Child Fatality and Near Fatality Review Board. “Honestly, people like free things,” she added. “The box is the incentive for the education. And the box comes with Pampers, baby wipes, a onesie, breast-feeding pads and other goodies.” In 2014, the most recent year for which statistics were available, 57 of New Jersey’s 61 cases of sudden unexpected infant death, or 93 percent, involved an unsafe sleep circumstance, Dr. McCans said. The risks included the presence of a blanket, which poses a strangulation or suffocation hazard; parents who sleep next to their babies, creating the potential of rolling onto them; and instances of entrapment in which an infant becomes wedged between couch cushions or between an ill-fitting crib mattress and a crib frame. “I understand that that’s a small sample size, but that’s still a lot of babies who died,” Dr. McCans said. “Relative to other states, New Jersey has good statistics for sudden, unexplained infant death. And that’s great, but if we are still losing 50 babies a year — or even one — and there is something we can do to increase the knowledge base, to me that just makes sense.” Nationwide, New Jersey has the lowest rate of sudden unexpected infant death, or SUID, an umbrella category that encompasses the more familiar sudden infant death syndrome, or SIDS, as well as accidental suffocation or strangulation and unknown causes. Federal data captures three-year segments, and from 2011 to 2013, New Jersey’s SUID rate of 0.5 per 1,000 live births was tied with California for the lowest. The national rate for this period was 0.87 per 1,000 live births. Last spring, Temple University Hospital in Philadelphia began its own baby box program. Camden, a postindustrial city confronting high crime, unemployment and poverty, is across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, so Dr. McCans and her colleagues quickly learned about Temple’s initiative. It turned out that the Baby Box Company, in Los Angeles, was behind the program. The company has worked with hospitals and governments in more than a dozen states, as well as in Canada and England. Though the company is for-profit, it receives support from foundations so the costs to governments can be kept to a minimum. New Jersey’s Child Fatality and Near Fatality Review Board already had a safe-sleep program, using about $40,000 each year from the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The state will use that financing for the new program, but the Baby Box Company has pledged to come up with the rest of the money needed to provide free baby boxes statewide. Company officials declined to say what the projected costs were for the state, citing proprietary information. Companies like Pampers and Lansinoh, which sells breast-feeding products, supply the items inside the box. The Baby Box Company was started in 2013 by Jennifer Clary and a friend who was pregnant after Ms. Clary read about Finland’s success with its baby boxes. They decided to devise an education program, called Baby Box University, that centers on a series of videos, which cover sleep safety, but also breast-feeding and the proper use of car seats, among other things. After watching the videos, expectant mothers or new parents take a short quiz and then print out a certificate of completion. In New Jersey, parents can opt to have the baby box shipped to their home for free, or can pick it up at distribution sites like hospitals or social service agencies — and eventually public libraries. The distribution network in New Jersey is still being developed. Cooper University Hospital was the first such site, starting its program in January. “The plan is to have at least several distribution sites in every county,” Dr. McCans said. In the first two weeks of the program, more than 12,000 people took the online course, according to the Baby Box Company. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said it did not endorse any products, including the baby box. Still, a spokeswoman for the agency, Nikki Mayes, said parents should take sufficient steps to help reduce the risks of sudden infant death. Nationwide, about 3,700 infants died suddenly and unexpectedly in 2015, according to the agency. Such deaths have fallen significantly since the 1990s, when the American Academy of Pediatrics released safe-sleep recommendations, including urging parents to put infants to bed on their backs. Sudden infant death syndrome rates declined from 130.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1990 to 38.7 in 2014. While many new parents already have proper gear for their newborns, New Jersey officials say everyone can benefit from the baby box program. The boxes are a useful supplement to a bassinet or crib and can be easily transported for an overnight stay in a hotel or with grandparents. Ms. Quiñones, 33, said she had already owned a bassinet for her 3-month-old son, Bless’n, but kept it upstairs. Before she picked up the baby box, which is now in the living room, she had to run upstairs to check on him. “It came in handy for me,” she said. Dr. McCans said many new parents laid a sleeping infant on a couch during the day, when family life revolves around the kitchen and living room. Couch cushions, like crib bumpers, can lead to poor air flow around a baby’s mouth. “Ten or 15 years ago, we may not have recognized that couches were particularly dangerous,” she said. “Even if a baby turns partially, the face might not clear. If there is a gap, the baby can get wedged.” While putting babies in cardboard boxes might strike some as too downscale, especially in an era of $1,000-and-up cribs, Dr. McCans thinks the boxes might appeal to millennials who value minimalism. “There are a lot of people who are trying to simplify their lives,” she said. “If millennials see that this is cool and renewable and nontoxic, and if it catches their attention so they get the education in a format that is acceptable to them, then I don’t see any harm. We’re trying to target everybody.” | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
exam 4
Card Set Information
Author:
efrain12
ID:
284775
Filename:
exam 4
Updated:
2014-10-04 18:24:59
Tags:
Foods
Folders:
Description:
essay question
Show Answers:
1. what does HACCP stand for?
Hazard analysis & critical control point
2. summary of HACCP
systematized appraoch to preventing foodborne illness during all phases of food production and preparation
3. summary of CCP in HACCP
point in HACCP process to be controlled to ensure the safety of food
4. what are the 7 principles of HACCP?
1. assess the hazards
2. identify the critical control points
3. establish limits at each critical control point
4. monitor critical control points
5. take corrective action
6. documentation
7. verification
5. HACCP principle #1) assess the hazards- what are 3 purposes of hazard analysis?
1. identify the hazards
2. assess the risk for these hazards
3. develop preventative measures to keep hazards under control
6. HACCP) Principle #2- Identify critical control points. Main objective here?
-any point in the food production system during which a loss of control may result in an unacceptable health risk
7. HACCP) Principle #2- Identify critical control points- what are the 5 categories ?
-chilling
-specific sanitation procedures
-product formulation control
-prevention of cross contamination
-employee & environmental hygiene
8. HACCP) Principle #2- Processing CCP: what are 2 practices that are practiced under food plants?
• -GMPs
• *good manufacturing practices
• -GAPs
• *good agricultural practices
9. HACCP) Principle #2- Purchasing CCP : vulnerable foods
-reputable dealers
• *written specifications
• *certain foods be treated w/ special care
10. HACCP) Principle #2- Preparation CCP (3)
-thawing
• -cross contamination
• *transfer of bacteria or other microorganisms from one food to another
• -certain food
• *treated with special care
11. HACCP) Principle #2- components of sanitation CCP (7)
-clean up
-3 compartment sink
-drying
-scheduling
-equipment
-facilities
-pest control
12. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised?
-Clean up
-3 compartment sink
-drying
-schduling
-equipment
-facilities
-pest control
13. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) Cleanup
dishwashing must meet sanitation guidelines to pass health department food service inspection
14. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) 3 compartment sink
sink must be divided between soaking & washing, rinsing, and sanitization
15. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) drying
air or heat
16. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) scheduling
scheduling for cleaning and maintenance
17. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) equipment
NSF
18. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) Facilities
designed & maintenance
19. HACCP) Principle #2- Sanitation CCP: which 7 components are revised) pest control
• -keep pests under control.
• *there are numerous pest that might be present in kitchen
20. Haccp) Principle #2: Personnel CCP (5)
-personal hygiene checklist
• -training
• *Servsafe
-reinforcement
-updates
-feedback
21. Haccp) Principle #3: overview of this principle
this principle emphasizes to establish critical control limits
22. Haccp) Principle #3: what are the 4 CCL that need to be establish?
-temperature
-time
-water & humidity
-pH
23. Haccp) Principle #3:what are some components to be revised under temperature CCL
-TDZ
-heating
-holding
-serving
-cooling/refreshing
-storage temperatures
24. Haccp) Principle #3: Temperature CCL) TDZ
temperature danger zone
-40 to 140 F
25. Haccp) Principle #3: Temperature CCL) spore
encapsulated, dormant microbe resistant to environmental factors that could result in its death
26. Haccp) Principle #3: Time CCL (3)
-2 hour rule= actual time off
-4 hour rule= cumulative time
-storage times= varies
27. Haccp) Principle #3: water and humidity CCL
moisture content low
28. Haccp) Principle #3: ph CCL)
4.6-7.5
29. Haccp) Principle #4: 3 purposes to monitor critical control points (CCL)
-tracks system so loss of control is recognized & corrective action is taken to prevent a deviation
-indicates corrective action must be taken
-written documentation for verification of the HAACP plan
30. Haccp) Principle #5: take corrective action (3)
-determine if unsafe food was produced
-take corrective action
-record any corrective action taken
31. Haccp) Principle #6: documentation (8)
-listing of HACCP team & responsibilities
-description of product & intended use
-flow diagram of food prep w/ CCP
-hazards associated w/each CCP & preventative measures
-monitoring system
-corrective action plans
-record-keeping procedures
-verification procedures of HACCP system
32. Haccp) Principle #7: verification (3)
-internal verification procedures
-external verification procedures
-national surveillance | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Function-boost C + + usage in split
2010-05-03 来源：本站原创 分类：CPP 人气：578
# Include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
string in_path = "test1,test2,test3,test4,test5";
std::vector<std::string> m_currentPath;
boost::algorithm::split(m_currentPath, in_path, boost::algorithm::is_any_of(","));
for(size_t i = 0;i<m_currentPath.size();i++){
std::cout<<m_currentPath[i]<<std::endl;
}
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kornfridge kornfridge - 11 months ago 207
Scala Question
Scala - how to print case classes like (pretty printed) tree
I'm making a parser with Scala Combinators. It is awesome. What I end up with is a long list of entagled case classes, like:
ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(Real,float), VarDecl(Imag,float)))
, just 100x longer. I was wondering if there is a good way to print case classes like these in a tree-like fashion so that it's easier to read..? (or some other form of Pretty Print)
ClassDecl
name = Complex
fields =
- VarDecl
name = Real
type = float
- VarDecl
name = Imag
type = float
^ I want to end up with something like this
edit: Bonus question
Is there also a way to show the name of the parameter..? Like:
ClassDecl(name=Complex, fields=List( ... )
?
Answer
Check out a small extensions library named sext. It exports these two functions exactly for purposes like that.
Here's how it can be used for your example:
object Demo extends App {
import sext._
case class ClassDecl( kind : Kind, list : List[ VarDecl ] )
sealed trait Kind
case object Complex extends Kind
case class VarDecl( a : Int, b : String )
val data = ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(1, "abcd"), VarDecl(2, "efgh")))
println("treeString output:\n")
println(data.treeString)
println()
println("valueTreeString output:\n")
println(data.valueTreeString)
}
Following is the output of this program:
treeString output:
ClassDecl:
- Complex
- List:
| - VarDecl:
| | - 1
| | - abcd
| - VarDecl:
| | - 2
| | - efgh
valueTreeString output:
- kind:
- list:
| - - a:
| | | 1
| | - b:
| | | abcd
| - - a:
| | | 2
| | - b:
| | | efgh | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Charles of Valois, Duke of Berry
Charles (Charles de France; 26 December 1446 – 24/25 May 1472), Duke of Berry, later Duke of Normandy and Duke of Aquitaine, was a son of Charles VII, King of France. He spent most of his life in conflict with his elder brother, King Louis XI.
Early life
Charles was born at Tours, last child and fourth son of Charles VII and Marie of Anjou. As his elder brother, the Dauphin Louis, had repeatedly run into conflict with his father and since 1456 was living in exile at the court of Burgundy, some expected the crown to pass to Charles. When Charles VII died in 1461, however, Louis XI succeeded nonetheless.
After his accession, Louis XI granted his younger brother the Duchy of Berry as an appanage. Dissatisfied with this, Charles joined with Charles, Count of Charolais, and other powerful nobles such as Francis II, Duke of Brittany in the League of the Public Weal in May 1465 and they placed him at the head of their league. This started a rebellion which ended in October with the Treaty of Conflans between Louis XI and the Count of Charolais.
Duke of Normandy
Under the treaty, Charles was granted the Duchy of Normandy as an additional appanage. He proved unable to control his new possession and ran into conflict with his former ally Francis II of Brittany. Louis dispatched the royal army to Normandy and assumed direct royal control of the Duchy. Charles, now reconciled with Duke Francis, fled to Brittany, where he remained until September 1468, when he and Francis signed the Treaty of Ancenis with Louis, promising to abandon the former Count of Charolais, now Duke of Burgundy.
In October 1468 Louis was imprisoned by Charles of Burgundy during a conference at Péronne. In order to obtain his release, Louis agreed to grant Champagne to his brother as compensation for Normandy. Once free, Louis reneged on the promises made under duress but in April 1469, he finally reconciled with his brother, granting him the Duchy of Aquitaine, recently won back from the Kings of England in 1453. Thenceforth Charles quartered the royal arms of France (differenced by a bordure engrailed gules) with one of the three lions of Plantagenet, to signify the duchy.
Charles also agreed with the Duke of Burgundy to marry the latter's only child and heir, Mary of Burgundy. Louis had no intention of allowing a union between his brother and his enemy's daughter and dispatched envoys to Pope Paul II to ensure that the necessary dispensation, required on grounds of consanguinity, was not granted. Louis was unsuccessful in this endeavour, as the Pope granted the dispensation.
Still, the marriage plan came to nothing as Charles died at Bordeaux in May 1472, probably from a combination of tuberculosis and a venereal disease contracted from his mistress Colette de Chambes, the wife of Louis d'Amboise, Viscount of Thouars.
Charles died 24/25 May 1472 and left no legitimate issue. His apanage of Berry returned to the crown.
Issue
With his mistress Colette de Chambes he had:
* Jeanne de Guyenne (b. 1470), a dominican nun
* Anne (b. 1471), married in 1490 to François de Volvire, Baron de Ruffec. Without issue. | WIKI |
Page:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography (1900, volume 7).djvu/285
Rh as at Manila, was steady and accurate, furnishing one more proof of the value of careful, continuous practice. By 1.20 p. M. the entire Spanish fleet had been completely destroyed or sunk. The flag- ship "New York" was not able to get within effective firing distance until most of the Spanish ships had been driven ashore. Sampson did arrive in time, however, to receive the sword of Admiral Cervera. On our side there was but 1 man killed and only 10 were wounded ; the vessels them- selves suffered no material injury. The lo.ss of the enemy was about 850 killed and drowned and 160 wounded: Cervera, about 70 oflicers, and 1,600 men were taken prisoners.
On 6 July, in consequence of an order from the president, Sampson, who was slightly ill, sent his chief of staff to confer with Shafter for co-oiKjra- tion in taking Santiago. .s a result it was deter- mined that, in ca-sc a second demand for surrender should be refused, the fleet should bombard the city on the 0th. If this should not prove sufflcient the marines and t^uban forces were to storm the Socapa battery and the smaller vessels were to at- tempt to enter the harbor. On the 10th and 11th the fleet kept up a continuous liombardmcnt. A truce was arranged on the 12th, and negotiations for surrender of the city l)egan. Admiral Samiison sent his chief of staff to demand that he be one of the signatories to the articles of capitulation, in view of the joint action of army ami navy, but Gen. Shafter declined to |)ermit this. The' most dangerous work was now over; there foll<>we<l, however, duties none the less arduous and exacting. Sampson was appointed, with Major-tiens. .lames F. Wade and Matthew C. Kutler, a conimi.ssioner to arrange the details of the evacuati(m of Cuba. Reiiatriation of the Spanish trrwps, disposition anu control of the public offices of the island, and many trifling and annoying details, as well as mat- ters of greater moment, occupied the whole time of the commission until 1 Jan., IHitO. when (ien. .limi- ncz Castellanos, who had succeeded (ien. Blanco a-s captain-general, formally turned over the citv of Havana and the island to the American commis.sion- ers, who in turn resigned them into the hands of Gen. John K. Brooke, niilitarv governor of Cuba.
Following his duties in this connection there cfame the cares of an extended cruise in VVest In- dian waters during the late winter and the spring of 1809. Sampson then returned to the United States on the ordinary duties of the ofTicer in com- mand of the fleet, and in his ollicial capacity at- tendc<l the export exposition that was opened in Philadelphia in Septcml)cr, 18!»n, and took part also in the reception extended to Admiral Dewey by the cjtv of New York on the arrival of the latter from the i'hilipi.ines. 20 and :«) Sept.. 1899. Samp- son's services in the West Indian naval campaign were fully recognized by the administration. An unfortunate alten'ation touching the relative merit of A<iminil Schley and of Sampson in the cam- paign and in the battle olT Santiago, which was carried on in congress and in the public press by the over-zealous friends and partisans of the two officers, prevented the action by congress that would have been proper in the case, and left with- out reward the entire body of officers and men that participated in the campaign. Sampson re- ceived the formal thanks of the president for his services, and in the autumn of 1899 the state of New Jersey presented him with a jewelled sword of honor. In October, 1899, the admiral assumed command of the Boston navy-yard.
In person he is tall, slender, erect, well bnilt ; a broad, full forehead, dark and clear eyes, a sharp nose, thin iron-gray hair, and a closely trimmed beard mark a countenance of singular beauty. His manner indicates a man of quiet repose, self-con- trol, and dignity. He is a lover of books and study, but by no means a recluse, for he takes an active interest in physical exercises and pastimes. The famous battle-ship " Oregon," popularly known as the "queen of the American navy," which made the remarkable vojagc from San Francisco in 1898 of 13,000 miles, on an average of 200 miles a day. arriving just in season to join Admiral Sampson's fleet, and played so prominent a part in the sea-flght at Santiago, is seen in the accompanying illustration.
SAMSON, Simeon, naval ofTicer, b. in Kings- ton, Mass., 24 Aug., 1736; d. in Plympton, Mass., 22 June, 1789. In the beginning of the Hevolution- ary war the provincial committee of Massachusetts appointed him its first naval commander, and placed him in charge of the brig "Independence," uilt under his direction at Kingston, Mass. The pay-roll begins 17 April, 1776. In this vessel he captured five important prizes but in the spring of 1776 was himself captured near Annapolis, Nova Scotia, by Capt. Dawson, after a severe en- gagement ; at the most critical moment several men deserted their guns, and Samson ran his sword through the bodies of three, one being his 3d lieutenant. Dawson complimented Samson's courage and restored his sword, which is still to be .seen in Pilgrim hall, Plymouth. After his re- lease from Fort Cumberland, Halifax, Samson was appointed, !i Aug., 1777. to the brig " Hazard," belonging to the state of JIassachusetts. and 11 May,. he was promoted to the ship " Mars," a large vessel in which he fought several battles, and car- ried despatches and one of our ministers to France. In the "Mars" he captured the British flag-ship "Trial." He retired from the navy, 12 March,. with very scanty means, owing to the impov- erished slate of the country. In 1788 he disposed of his house in Plymouth and retired to a farm in Plympt<m. His grave is on Burying Hill, Plym- outh. It was said of him: "Few naval command- ers stood higher in the public esteem; few men were more respected for the domestic virtues." He was a great -erandson of Miles Standish.
SANCHKZ KEY, Natteo, Italian adventurer. He was born in Italy in the sixteenth century. He was of .Spanish narentage, went to New Gra- nada in 1521, helped to erect the fortress of Cu- mami. and afterward defended it valiantly against the natives. After taking part in many military exploits he enlisted under Hodriguez de Bastidas for the conquest of Santa Marta. When the latter was attacked by his soldiers, whose cruelty toward the Indians he tried to restrain, Sanchez was one of the foremost in saving him from assassination. He held military commands under the subsequent governors in all the expeditions agaiii.st the na- tives, and was one of the first conquerors of Vallc- Dupar, and of the banks of the Magdalena. He | WIKI |
++ed by:
ALEXBIO JKUTEJ OALDERS MARKSTOS PHIPSTER
13 PAUSE users
11 non-PAUSE users.
Lincoln D. Stein
NAME
autoload - only load modules when they're used
SYNOPSIS
# For a better example, see CGI::Object.pm. It uses # autoload.pm in quite a nice way.
package MySimpleCookie; use autoload qw(Exporter CGI::Object::Cookie);
@ISA = qw(Exporter CGI::Object::Cookie); @EXPORT = qw(raw_fetch cookie raw_cookie);
# raw_fetch a list of cookies from the environment and # return as a hash. The cookie values are not unescaped # or altered in any way. sub raw_fetch { my $raw_cookie = $ENV{HTTP_COOKIE} || $ENV{COOKIE}; my %results; my(@pairs) = split("; ",$raw_cookie); foreach (@pairs) { if (/^([^=]+)=(.*)/) { $results{$1} = $2; } else { $results{$_} = ''; } } return wantarray ? %results : \%results; }
my $cookies; sub raw_cookie { my $name = shift; if (!$cookies) { $cookies = raw_fetch() } return $cookies->{$name}; }
package main; # Now, people can use you just for your raw_cookie... use MySimpleCookie('raw_fetch','raw_cookie'); $result = raw_cookie('blah');
# And it won't cost 'em a cent. They didn't use any # functions from CGI::Object::Cookie, so the module # wasn't loaded.
# But if they do use the functions, the module will load automatically package main; use MySimpleCookie('raw_fetch','cookie'); $result = cookie('blah');
# Or, if they even did this, the module would load automatically and work. package main; use MySimpleCookie; $me = new MySimpleCookie; print "Set-Cookie: ", $me->raw_cookie('blah'); print "Set-Cookie: ", $me->cookie('blah');
DESCRIPTION
AUTHOR
David James (david@jamesgang.com)
SEE ALSO
CGI::Object(1). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Prediction: This Hot Artificial Intelligence (AI) Semiconductor Stock Will Skyrocket After June 25
Micron Technology stock has been in red-hot form on the stock market over the past couple of months, and its upcoming quarterly report on June 25 could give it another boost.
Micron is on track to deliver outstanding growth in its revenue and earnings, driven by the terrific demand for the company's high-bandwidth memory chips.
The stock's attractive valuation makes it a no-brainer buy going into its earnings report.
10 stocks we like better than Micron Technology ›
Micron Technology (NASDAQ: MU) stock has made a sharp move higher over the past couple of months -- gaining an impressive 37% as of this writing -- driven by the broader recovery in technology stocks. And it won't be surprising to see this semiconductor stock getting a big shot in the arm when it releases its fiscal 2025 third-quarter results after the market closes on June 25.
Micron is heading into its quarterly report with a major catalyst in the form of artificial intelligence (AI) on its side, which could allow the company to deliver better-than-expected numbers and guidance and send its stock even higher. Let's look at the reasons why that may be the case.
Micron's fiscal Q3 guidance calls for $8.8 billion in revenue at the midpoint of its guidance range. That would be a massive increase over the year-ago period's revenue of $6.8 billion. Meanwhile, the company's adjusted earnings are forecast to jump by just over 2.5 times on a year-over-year basis. Investors, however, shouldn't forget that the booming demand for high-bandwidth memory (HBM) that goes into AI graphics processing units (GPUs) manufactured by the likes of Nvidia and AMD could allow Micron to exceed its guidance.
Micron's HBM has been selected for powering Nvidia's GB200 and GB300 Blackwell systems, and the good news is that the latter reported solid numbers recently. Nvidia's data center revenue shot up 73% year over year to $39 billion in the first quarter of fiscal 2026, with the Blackwell AI GPUs accounting for 70% of the segment's revenue.
Nvidia pointed out that it has almost completed its transition from the previous-generation Hopper platform to GPUs based on the latest Blackwell architecture. What's worth noting here is that the company's Blackwell GPUs are equipped with larger HBM chips to enable higher bandwidth and data transmission.
Specifically, Nvidia's Hopper H200 GPU was equipped with 141 gigabytes (GB) of HBM. That has been upgraded to 192 GB on Nvidia's B200 Blackwell processor, while the more powerful B300 packs a whopping 288 GB of HBM3e memory. Micron management remarked on the company's March earnings conference call that it started volume shipments of HBM3e memory to its third large customer, suggesting that it could indeed be supplying memory chips for Nvidia's latest generation processors.
Importantly, the terrific demand for HBM has created a favorable pricing scenario for the likes of Micron. The company is reportedly looking to hike the price of its HBM chips by 11% this year. It has sold out its entire HBM capacity for 2025 and is negotiating contracts for next year, and it won't be surprising to see customers paying more for HBM considering its scarcity.
This combination of higher HBM volumes and the potential increase in price explains why Micron's top and bottom lines are set to witness remarkable growth when it releases its earnings later this month. Additionally, even more chipmakers are set to integrate HBM into their AI accelerators. Broadcom and Marvell Technology, which are known for designing custom AI processors for major cloud computing companies, have recently developed architectures supporting the integration of HBM into their platforms.
So, Marvell's addressable market is likely to get bigger thanks to AI, setting the stage for a potential acceleration in the company's growth.
Micron stock has rallied impressively in the past couple of months. The good part is that the company is still trading at just 23 times earnings despite this surge. The forward earnings multiple of 9 is even more attractive, indicating that Micron's earnings growth is set to take off.
Consensus estimates are projecting a whopping 437% increase in Micron's earnings this year, followed by another solid jump of 57% in the next fiscal year. All this indicates why the stock's median 12-month price target of $130 points toward a 27% jump from current levels. However, this AI stock could do much better than that on account of the phenomenal earnings growth that it is projected to clock, which is why investors can consider buying it hand over fist before its June 25 report that could supercharge its recent rally.
Before you buy stock in Micron Technology, consider this:
The Motley Fool Stock Advisor analyst team just identified what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy now… and Micron Technology wasn’t one of them. The 10 stocks that made the cut could produce monster returns in the coming years.
Consider when Netflix made this list on December 17, 2004... if you invested $1,000 at the time of our recommendation, you’d have $669,517!* Or when Nvidia made this list on April 15, 2005... if you invested $1,000 at the time of our recommendation, you’d have $868,615!*
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Harsh Chauhan has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has positions in and recommends Advanced Micro Devices and Nvidia. The Motley Fool recommends Broadcom and Marvell Technology. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Prediction: This Hot Artificial Intelligence (AI) Semiconductor Stock Will Skyrocket After June 25 was originally published by The Motley Fool | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Harshmanites
The Harshmanites, or the Church of Jesus Christ, is a small Christian sect of the Holiness movement in Illinois, United States that believes in pacifism. A tenet of the church is that force should not be used, even in self-defense. It numbers approximately 100 members.
Foundation
The church was founded in 1871. The Reverend Samuel Rufus Harshman (November 30, 1841 – January 9, 1912), who organized the church, had a dairy herd and ran a delivery wagon in Sullivan, Illinois to supply fresh milk for 5 cents a quart. Harshman was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, but did not believe the Methodist church was sufficiently pacifist. For this reason, he founded a separate church. One of the church's basic principles is to follow Christ's command to "love thy neighbor as thyself," which it interprets as prohibiting violence.
History
During World War I, there was so much hostility to the church that its members could not find jobs. Some of them formed a small factory, employing church and non-church workers, that made ladies' aprons, candy, and later branched into garden tractors and tools. One night the Harshmanite church was painted yellow, a reference to cowardice. An 82-year-old assistant minister was knocked down. However, the Harshmanites would not prosecute on the basis that such an undertaking was proscribed by the biblical statement: "Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord".
In response to the depression of the 1930s, the church members felt that Federal relief projects would not bring lasting prosperity. They expanded their "Community Industries" as a way to provide employment. During World War II the candy operation was unable to obtain sugar unless it agreed to sell some of its products to the armed forces, and a small amount was sold to the Air Force to be including in emergency survivor kits. The church also sold ladies dresses for use by women in the Armed Forces. For these reasons, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit decided on 9 December 1954 that the church had contributed to the war effort and its members could therefore not be considered conscientious objectors. This was later reversed, and members of the church who refused induction into the armed forces were again treated as Conscientious Objectors.
In 1955 a member of the church declined to use the word "solemnly" in affirming to tell the truth in court. The court refused his testimony. However, an appeals court found that he was not required to use this word, or any particular form of oath, but only "a form or statement which impresses upon the mind and conscience of a witness the necessity for telling the truth."
Community Industries achieved no small measure of success for a time. In 1964 it had assets of approximately $3,800,000.00 and about 400 employees. Following losses suffered in the recession of 1957-58, however, its business declined, and after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1966, it was subsequently dissolved. Some of its divisions apparently continued operations under new names or ownership, such as Agri-Fab, Inc.. | WIKI |
Talk:Knoxville High School (Illinois)
January 2010
Confirmation required reqarding the Knoxville High School mascot. Recent edits exchanging between Blue Bullet or Bullet Bird. --Powerten (talk) 01:23, 9 January 2010 (UTC)
Sources for Blue Bullet include:
-http://www.bluebullets.org/khs/
-http://www.bluebullets.org/khs/index3.html
-http://knoxville202.bluebullets.org/
-http://www.ihsa.org/school/schools/1109.htm
-http://www.maxpreps.com/high-schools/UfVVz3dQuEi_Wi1UB3vVmA/knoxville-blue-bullets/basketball/home.htm
-http://www.galesburg.com/sports/hs/x1437803323/Knoxvilles-bid-against-Brimfield-rims-out
--Powerten (talk) 01:23, 9 January 2010 (UTC) | WIKI |
Support
Account
Home Forums Feature Requests Search Form for ACF for Custom Post Types
Solving
Search Form for ACF for Custom Post Types
• So for example, my site has many custom post types.
• Events
• Venues
• Festivals
• Line Ups
Let’s take events. This has ACF fields of:
• Start Date (Date)
• End Date (Date)
• Venue (Relationship)
• Location (Relationship)
• Checklist (Checkbox)
• Tickets (Repeater)
I’ve yet to find an easy (any!) way to have a form on the events archive page that can search this data. By this I don’t mean a single search box that searches all these fields. What I mean is:
• Search box for title of event
• Two search boxes to find events between two dates
• Text field for a location
• Checkboxes for my checklist
• Etc
Has this been accomplished already and I just haven’t seen it?
• How to do this yourself is a long and complicated discussion. If you want to build it then you should start by searching for how to create a parametric or faceted search in WordPress.
There are tools that will let you do this without the work. One of the is https://facetwp.com/, there are others.
• Shame there isn’t any direct support for it here – it would help massively if it was, even via a paid plugin.
• There have been several topics started here about creating this type of search feature usually referred to either a parametric or faceted search. Most of the plugins available are all premium but there might be some that can do what you want that are free. In my experience the free ones are not very good or have other problems. Even the ones you have to pay for are not perfect and will require that you compromise on some things.
I’m in the process of building a plugin and I’m building it with ACF, doesn’t do you any good now, and it’s a long way from completed. I do know what’s involved, but explaining it on a forum would not be easy.
There is information available on how to do this, search for something like… how to build a parametric or faceted search in wordpress
• @rockgeek
Shame there isn’t any direct support for it here
There isn’t because this is not related to ACF directly. It’s related more to the WordPress database structure (on which ACF relies) than to ACF itself.
Implementing such a functionality doesn’t depend on how the post and fields have been created. So it makes no difference if you defined field using ACF, other plugin or even manually using WordPress native custom fields support.
Firs of all you should read about WP_Query and how to write meta queries. If you want to filter existing query (add/remove/modify) then pre_get_posts filer will be useful.
If you want I can send you a simple example of a search form built this way.
• @rockgeek may I advise you to look into Ultimate WP Query Search Filter ?
That works real nice out of the box, except it has some issues with checkboxes, because UWPQSF expects a single value and not a serialized array, but I found a solution for it, which I posted on my site.
I’m not sure if this would work for you but it’s definitely worth looking into.
• When dealing with any type of ACF field that does not store simple text values in the database, you will always have some problems, unless the plugin you’re using is built specifically to work with ACF.
The fields that do not cause issues are the ones listed under “Basic” and a few others like single select fields, radio button fields, and true false fields.. maybe a couple of others.
To use other types of fields in a standard WP_Query bases search application what you need to do is build filters, using the acf/save_value hook, and store the values into the meta table in a form that WP can easily search and then use these fields for the queries.
As a quick example, let’s say that you have a checkbox field. This type of field stores a serialized array. This is difficult to search using a standard WP query, the the results can be inconsistent. But if you take the value and store in in the way that WP does, with each of the values having a separate row in the database then it becomes much easier.
// add a filter to convert the value of a checkbox field
add_filter('acf/update_value/name=my_checkbox_field', 'convert_checkbox_to_queryable_form', 10, 3);
function convert_checkbox_to_queryable_form($value, $post_id, $field) {
$queryable_name = 'queryable_my_checkbox_field';
// first remove all of the values from the new field
delete_post_meta($post_id, $queryable_name);
if (empty($value)) {
// there is not value so there's no reason to continue
return $value;
}
// now we can loop over the checkbox array
// and store them so the values are easier
// to use in WP_Query()
foreach ($value as $single) {
// add the post meta
// and allow it to have multiple values
add_post_meta($post_id, $queryable_name, $single, false);
}
// make sure you return the original value
return $value;
} // end function
With a function like this in place you can use the new field name and it makes it much simpler for meta_query.
• @hube2 I like the idea, but will there be a different row for just each checkbox value (defined in ACF field groups) or will there be an extra row for each checkbox field in each post ?
• There will be a different row for each value in each post. $post_id sets this meta key for the current post.
• So if I would have let’s say 30 fields per post (of which at least 15 are obligated) and I have 1000 posts, that means I would have another (15 fields x 1000 posts =) 15000 extra table rows ???
• Yes, but why should there be a concern about the number of table rows. Both the meta_key and the meta_value are indexed columns and the number of rows in the database will have negligible effect on the query time. And it also seems that you’re example is a bit extreme, 30 checkbox fields associated with a single post with 15 values each.
If you were not using ACF and you constructed you’re meta fields yourself and stored them yourself, this is the same way that the values should be stored if you want to be able to easily search those fields, this is how WP works. Is the situation ideal? Probably not, but if you choose to use WP then you need to function withing the boundaries that it sets.
• And I should also add that, by reducing the complexity of the query and removing “LIKE” statements (which are extremely slow) from them you will actually be increasing the performance of them because each query will actually take less time even if there are more rows in the database.
• I’m not claiming my solution is the best. It is what I came up with to ‘overcome’ the serialized problem and I’m happy it works.
I have to look deeper into your solution. It does seem interesting. And I have to admit, I miscalculated. I counted all fields in a group instead of just the checkboxes, which is only 2 or 3…. so that would mean a significant difference in amount of rows.
• I’m not saying it isn’t. I’m just offering alternatives to things that can be difficult hurdles when dealing with searching and querying some of the more complicated ACF field types. Rather than expect a search plugin of any kind to deal with these special fields I take the approach of making the fields easier for these plugins to use when they need to use them. I would not do something like this for every complex ACF field, only those that I need to use in a query.
I also posted a similar solution for making an acf repeater sub field easier to query (https://support.advancedcustomfields.com/forums/topic/get-next-post/#post-45909). Overall, I like my queries to be less complex and easier to figure out. The reason being self defense. I’m going to have to look at it again eventually, usually after a long enough time that I really don’t remember what it was I did and try to figure out what I was thinking when I built it. I dislike complex code that takes longer to figure out how to change it than it does to make the change.
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Page:Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects.djvu/99
culture, not the political system, or even the political map, which that system had laid out. The ideas of medieval and modern life are of medieval and modern growth, or if connected with antiquity, connected by a new birth of culture, a re-discovery, a re-creation, not a continuous impulse of vitality. Save in the one region, that of the History of Religion, Ecclesiastical History; yet in that also the one great fact of the Christian dispensation, which connects the ancient Hebrew isolation with the great Catholic Church life, is itself as much a break as a link of continuity; so immensely does the new transcend the old, that, in the apostle's words, old things are passed away and behold all things are become new. The Unity and Continuity of Ancient and Modern History is an idea which is realised on a great and intelligible scale in Ecclesiastical History only; and even there the unity is to some extent a unity of ideas, a coincidence of religious and moral motive influences, and not merely of historic continuity. It is in it that the continuity of the Latin civilisation, of the Holy Roman Empire and of the Latin language, Roman Law and Latin literature, is traceable, and to it that we owe them. To it, or to influences which it nourished or provoked, we owe the renaissance, that revival of ancient culture the very title of which is a denial of the continuity which its influences seem to claim for it. But I am not going to usurp the functions of a Professor of Church History, and I am very sure that Church History is not the ground on which the doctrine of the Unity of History is supposed by its advocates to take its stand.
One word more; I do not deny this Unity in the high region of religious History or in the scarcely less comprehensive grasp which the political philosopher may take of Universal Human Life; nor do I deny it in the minute archæological investigations in which all particulars great and small have much the same value; nor do I deny that the student of modern history may gain lessons of immense value from the old. But I do maintain that it is wrong to say that the one cannot be studied without the other; for the things, persons, ideas, plot and scenery are different in the two; and more than that, save in the region of Church History, the | WIKI |
Template:Did you know nominations/Operation London Bridge
The result was: promoted by Cwmhiraeth (talk) 06:30, 25 March 2017 (UTC)
Operation London Bridge
* ... that "London Bridge is down" will announce the death of Queen Elizabeth II? Source: "For Elizabeth II, the plan for what happens next is known as “London Bridge.” The prime minister will be woken, if she is not already awake, and civil servants will say “London Bridge is down” on secure lines. " (and the source, or cite it briefly without using citation templates)
* Reviewed: Clara Callan (2nd QPQ use of 2)
Created by Edwardx (talk), <IP_ADDRESS> (talk), and Hungarian Phrasebook (talk). Nominated by Edwardx (talk) at 23:16, 23 March 2017 (UTC).
* Symbol confirmed.svg Article is new, long enough, and meets policy on neutrality, plagiarism and citations. Hook is short, interesting, and cited in-line. QPQ is completed. Sounder Bruce 00:18, 25 March 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
How to Take Advantage of Kiwi Fruit Benefits when Pregnant
You might already be aware that kiwi fruit is healthy and nutritious, but do you also know of the kiwi fruit benefits when pregnant? There are numerous health benefits that can be attained throughout pregnancy from this rich green fruit.One of the most important benefits offered by kiwi fruit to pregnant women as well as women who may be planning a pregnancy in the future is the amount of folate contained in kiwi fruit. Also sometimes known as folic acid, this nutrient is essential to preventing certain types of birth defects.
Neural tube defects are caused early in pregnancy by a lack of folic acid. This is why women who are planning to become pregnant are often advised to drink plenty of orange juice. While citrus fruits are certainly rich in folic acid, research has now also found that kiwi fruit is a rich source of this important pregnancy nutrient as well.
Folate is also important for helping to improve your body’s ability to absorb iron. It is not at all unusual for women who are pregnant to suffer from iron deficiency anemia. If your iron levels become too low you may need to receive supplemental iron. This can be prevented by ensuring your body is able to adequately absorb iron. Consuming foods rich in folate can help to boost your body’s ability to do that.
In addition, kiwi fruit also has a high concentration of Vitamin C. It is often assumed that citrus fruits such as oranges contain the largest amounts of Vitamin C, but in reality kiwi fruit actually contains about twice the amount of Vitamin C as the equivalent serving of oranges. Vitamin C is imperative to a health pregnancy because it helps to boost your immune system and can protect you from illness and disease.
The flavonoids contained in kiwi fruit are also important to a health pregnancy. Research indicates that flavonoids can help to protect your cells from possible damage from free radicals. In addition, kiwi fruit is essential for protecting your DNA from possible mutations. All of this is extremely important when you are pregnant, especially when your baby’s cells are first developing.
Finally, kiwi fruit is known to be high in soluble fiber. Pregnant women who suffer from digestive difficulties may find that kiwi fruit can help to regulate their digestive systems and prevent digestive problems such as constipation and excess gas.
While the kiwi fruit benefits when pregnant are enormous, trying to eat enough kiwi fruit to obtain all of these benefits can be burdensome. One of the most problematic issues is that you would need to consume several kiwi fruits per day and that can become expensive as well as inconvenient. You can still take full advantage of these pregnancy health benefits without having to consume multiple kiwi fruits daily. The solution is a simple health supplement called Kiwi Biotic. All that is needed is a single capsule to enjoy the same benefits as eating two kiwi fruits per day. Ultimately, the solution is simple and inexpensive.
Soluble fiber contained in kiwifruit helps keep your weight under control. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
This is how to protect your money in a trade war, analysts say
As tariff talk heats up, so do fears of a trade war. "There's no winner when you have a tariff battle, because typically you get retaliation," Joe Duran, founding partner and chief executive officer of United Capital, said Tuesday on CNBC's "Power Lunch. " But if President Donald Trump's proposed tariffs — 25 percent on steel and 10 percent on aluminum — happen and a trade war becomes a reality, financial experts have some tips on how to protect your assets. Reassess the existing risk in your portfolio, Duran said. "Look at the beta on your portfolio," he said. "Make sure your mix of cash, bonds and stocks reflects something you can stand through, regardless of what the market does." There are many areas you can invest in, Duran said. "Interestingly enough, if we have tariffs, small caps will do better, because they don't typically have as much complexity as these mega caps," he said. Financials and technology are still good places to be, said Kirk Hartman, global chief investment officer at Wells Fargo Asset Management. "Technology is what's driving this entire economy, and in a lot of ways is driving the market," Hartman told said on "Power Lunch." "Technology, per say, is not really affected by tariffs." Mark Luschini, chief investment strategist at Janney Montgomery Scott, also said on the program that software technology "tends to get a disproportional benefit from capital expenditures by businesses that have age capital stocks." Disclaimer | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
article
_ Beginners Listview LVW tutorial: Various difernt views, add items WITH ICONS, spreadsheet style! _
Email
Submitted on: 1/1/2015 12:20:00 PM
By: Jon Barker (from psc cd)
Level: Beginner
User Rating: By 34 Users
Compatibility: VB.NET
Views: 5325
BEGINNER TREEVIEW TUTORIAL how to use the treeview and add items with icons to the treeview. + Spreadsheet view etc. First release, update with properties, events etc coming soon. Source code examples included
This article has accompanying files
ListView Tutorial
Using the VB.NET ListView Control
Stage 1 - Adding items to the ListView, and the various different views available.
The ListView control can be used to display a list of icons in your program, similar to the explorer file view, or a list of data in the form of a table, with icons at the side.
Abbreviation: When naming controls, you name them xxxYyyy, where x is the abbreviated control type, and y is a one word description of what the control is for. For the ListView, 'lvw' is the abbreviation. Therefore, in the examples below I will be referring to the ListView as lvwTest. (Naming controls is a good practice to get into, since when looking through your code the lvwTest_Click event is far easier to find than Listview23_Click between all the other similar named controls!)
The code for each example can be downloaded near the bottom of the page, at the normal Planet-Source-Code download-code link
Example 1: Filling the ListView control with 3 different items, in view1: LargeIcon
• Add a ListView control to the form you are working on
• Call it lvwTest
Picture of finished item:
This was achieved with the following code in the Form_Load event.
Private Sub frmLVWTest_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
lvwTest.View = View.LargeIcon 'Set the display type of the ListView. In this example, we want the LargeIcon display (1)
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 1") 'Add each item to the ListView. Look at the picture above to see how each item turns out
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 22")
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 333")
End Sub
You can see here that I'm adding 3 items to the ListView, with the captions 'Item 1', 'Item 22' and 'Item 333'. These are the values that are displayed and can be clicked on when the program is executed. You could also try adding more items to the ListView, by copying the line, and changing the item caption.
Certainly not very impressive, but this was just with 4 lines of code!
Example 2: Adding 32x32 icons to the ListView in view1
• Add a ListView control to the form you are working on
• Call it lvwTest
• Add an ImageList to the form
• Call it 'imgIcons'
• Set the 'Width' and 'Height' properties to 32
• Add any 3 icons to the ImageList by clicking on it and hitting the '...' button on the 'Images' property of the control. Now press the 'Add' button to find an icon
Picture of finished item:
We can spruce the previous ListView example up by attaching icons to the items in the ListView, by changing the code in the Form_Load event
Private Sub frmLVWTest_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
lvwTest.View = View.LargeIcon 'Set the display type of the ListView. In this example, we want the LargeIcon display (1)
lvwTest.LargeImageList = imgIcons 'Tell the ListView which ImageList to obtain its icons from
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 1", 0) 'Add each item to the ListView. The number determines the icon to use by its index.
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 22", 1)
lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 333", 2)
End Sub
Here, we are instructing each ListItem to pull an icon from the ImageList by its index. We have 3 icons in the ImageList, so they are numbered 0, 1 and 2. Note that I've added the extra line 2nd from the top to tell the ListView which ImageList to look in for its icons.
Another thing to try is using 16x16 icons. For this, make sure you set the ImageList, imgIcons 'Height' and 'Width' properties to 16. You will have to delete and re-add the icons to the ImageList when changing the size. Now you have to tell the ListView where to get the small icons, and to switch to small icon view.
Simply use this code in place of the first two lines of the previous code:
lvwTest.View = View.List 'Sets the display type to List them in a straight line downwards
lvwTest.SmallImageList = imgIcons
OR
lvwTest.View = View.SmallIcons 'Tells the ListView to list items across itself
lvwTest.SmallImageList = imgIcons
When you now run the program, you should see the following:
OR
Example 3: The ListView in style2: Details
• Add a ListView control to the form you are working on
• Call it lvwTest
• Add an ImageList to the form
• Call it 'imgIcons'
• Set the 'Width' and 'Height' properties to 16
• Add any 3 icons to the ImageList by clicking on it and hitting the '...' button on the 'Images' property of the control. Now press the 'Add' button to find an icon
In my opinion, this is the most useful mode of the ListView. It is similar to a spreadsheet layout with its multiple columns and lines
Picture of finished result:
The code here is slightly more complex, mainly because there is more of it. If you examine it closely, it is the same thing repeated 3 times, for each of the columns or items.
Private Sub frmLVWTest_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
lvwTest.View = View.Details 'Sets the ListView to display items with columns, as seen in the picture above
lvwTest.SmallImageList = imgIcons 'Sets the ImageList that will be used to get the small icons on the first column
'The following three lines of code create the columns in the picture (A, B and C).
'You can also change the width of the columns by changing the '100' to a different value.
'The alignment can also be changed, to be right or centre aligned.
lvwTest.Columns.Add("Column A", 100, HorizontalAlignment.Left)
lvwTest.Columns.Add("Column B", 100, HorizontalAlignment.Left)
lvwTest.Columns.Add("Column C", 100, HorizontalAlignment.Left)
Dim lSingleItem As ListViewItem 'The variable will hold the ListItem information so that you can add values to the column you want to change
lSingleItem = lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 1", 0) 'Create a new line, and assign the ListItem into the variable so we can add sub items
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem XXY") 'The first sub item for the first line
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem ZZY") 'The second sub item for the first line
lSingleItem = lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 22", 1) 'Create another line. Same as previous new line code, but with different icon number and caption
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem CCA") 'The first sub item for the second line
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem DDA")
lSingleItem = lvwTest.Items.Add("Item 333", 2)
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem TTG")
lSingleItem.SubItems.Add("Subitem HHG") 'The second sub item for the third line
End Sub
Thanks for reading... hope it helped! :-D
I realize this doesn't cover the events of the ListView, such as Click, DoubleClick, MouseOver etc or the properties of an item (lvwTest.SelectedItem.Caption) etc. These will be addressed when the tutorial is updated!
Don't forget to check out my string manipulation tutorial and VOTE IF YOU THINK I DID A GOOD JOB!
TreeView Tutorial coming as soon as I can be bothered!
(thanks to VBnet4Apps for the CSS)
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Martins Blog
Trying to explain complex things in simple terms
Build your own 11.2 RAC system-part I: DNS
Posted by Martin Bach on September 26, 2009
As many of you already know, Oracle released 11g Release 2 of the database for Linux x86 and x86-64. That is really cool and this time I don’t want to miss out on researching some new features of the new release. I have spent some time reading up about 11.2 and for what it’s worth I’d consider it more of a step forward compared to 11.1 which IMO is just a glorified 10.2.0.4 with a lot of cost options. But I disgress….
The reason of this post is to allow the reader to set up his own DNS server for building an 11.2 RAC system. As you may know, 11.2 uses DNS for two main purposes:
1. Grid Plug and Play
2. Single Client Access Name (SCAN)
Grid Plug and Play is something I’ll look at later so let’s focus on the SCAN addresses. The documentation states that we should at least provide 3 IP addresses for a single SCAN name which will be used in a round robin fashion (reference: Section 2.7.2.2 IP Address Requirements for Manual Configuration in the Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for Linux).
Huh? Are the DBAs now tasked with DNS administration? Probably not, but it doesn’t hurt understanding the concepts, especially if you are like me and want a RAC cluster in your lab environment.
DNS and Linux
I initially looked at DNS when still at the University which seems like a long time ago nowadays. Back then Linux was the uni’s preferred non-Windows platform so I knew which package to install. The following example uses bind 9.3.4-6P1.el5 which is the unpatched DNS server distributed with RHEL 5 update 2.
A word of caution: this article shouldn’t be used to set up a production DNS server, it’s merely intended to get you a DNS server for a lab environment!
With all that said, let’s proceed to getting our SCAN addresses registered. First of all, use rpm to install the package.
Once that’s installed, we need to configure our DNS server. bind9 comes with a number of sample configuration files which make our life a little easier. Traditionally, bind is configured in 2 places:
• /etc/named.conf for the zone definition and
• /var/named for the zone configuration.
/etc/named.conf
Let’s look at /etc/named.conf first. Please check the documentation and/or man page for the file if you need more explanation.
This file contains the zones as recommended by RFC 1912 section 4.1 (part of the sample configuration) and my zone “the-playground.de”. I want to resolve all hostnames ending in the-playground.de from the DNS server. Consider this file:
options
{
/* make named use port 53 for the source of all queries, to allow
* firewalls to block all ports except 53:
query-source port 53;
query-source-v6 port 53;
*/
// Put files that named is allowed to write in the data/ directory:
directory "/var/named"; // the default
dump-file "data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-transfer {"none";};
zone-statistics yes;
};
logging
{
channel default_debug {
file "data/named.run";
severity dynamic;
};
};
zone "the-playground.de" IN {
type master;
file "the-playground.zone";
//allow-transfer {192.168.30.2;};
notify no;
};
zone "30.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "the-playground.reverse";
//allow-update { none; };
//allow-transfer {192.168.30.2;};
notify no;
};
// the following is recommended and not my stuff
// named.rfc1912.zones:
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.ip6.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
The file is a copy & paste effort with emphasis of getting it to work rather than a beautiful engineering effort. Copy the files referenced by the file directive from /usr/share/doc/bind-9.3.4/sample/var/named to /var/named. The files “the-playground.reverse” and “the-playground.zone” need to be created, see below. Please also rename the zones to whatever you fancy. If you wonder why there are 2 directives for the same domain – that has to do with forward and reverse address resolution. DNS needs to be able to do 2 things:
1. Resolve name to IP address
2. Reverse the process, converting IP addresses to names.
So when you type in “ping node1.the-playground.de” DNS will translate this to “ping 192.168.30.10″. Also, you can ask DNS which hostname is behind a specific IP using the nslookup tool. dig and host are some more tools you could use for troubleshooting.
the-playground.zone
The file has the following contents:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA the-playground.de hostmaster.the-playground.de (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS node1
node1 IN A 192.168.30.10
node1v IN A 192.168.30.11
node2 IN A 192.168.30.20
node2v IN A 192.168.30.21
node3 IN A 192.168.30.30
node3v IN A 192.168.30.31
scan-cluster IN A 192.168.30.100
scan-cluster IN A 192.168.30.101
scan-cluster IN A 192.168.30.102
Here we are assigning names to IP addresses. The reverse is done in the reverse zone file. Just change names and IP addresses to fit your needs.
NOTE
I had an undetected problem with the file, in a way that the PTR wasn’t the FQDN of the host which caused reverse lookups to return incorrect results. This has now been fixed.
the-playground.reverse
Consider this file:
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA the-playground.de root.rhel5.the-playground.de (
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS node1.the-playground.de.
10 IN PTR node1.the-playground.de.
11 IN PTR node1v.the-playground.de.
20 IN PTR node2.the-playground.de.
21 IN PTR node2v.the-playground.de.
30 IN PTR node3.the-playground.de.
31 IN PTR node3v.the-playground.de.
100 IN PTR scan-cluster.the-playground.de.
101 IN PTR scan-cluster.the-playground.de.
102 IN PTR scan-cluster.the-playground.de.
Starting and using named
With the files in place, start named using service named start. Check /var/log/messages for potential problems (usually typos) and correct them. Configuration changes are made available through service named reload.
Edit /etc/resolv.conf on your RAC nodes, they need the following entries:
options attempts: 2
options timeout: 1
search the-playground.de
nameserver 192.168.30.10
Change IP addresses for your environment. Also, edit /etc/nsswitch conf’s hosts directive to favour dns over files, i.e. make sure the line beginning “hosts” reads hosts: dns files
That’s it! We’re well underway to set up our first 11.2 cluster!
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St. Anthony Foundation
The St. Anthony Foundation is a nonprofit social service organization in San Francisco, California. They are best known for their operation of the St. Anthony Dining Room in the Tenderloin District. It was founded in 1950 by Franciscan friar Alfred Boeddeker to serve free meals to the poor in an ordinary restaurant-like setting. The Dining Room has served as many as 2,500 plates of food a day, and over thirty seven million meals since its creation. The foundation operates a residential drug and alcohol treatment program for men, the Father Alfred Center, whose residents provide volunteer labor for the Dining Hall. Other social services are provided. Local political figures honoring the foundation include Representative Nancy Pelosi, who served the thirty five millionth meal in 2009. The Foundation's dining hall is scheduled to move to a new building in 2012. | WIKI |
2 Top Stocks for 2030 That Investors Have to Check Out
Unfortunately, there's no crystal ball for investors to see into the future -- otherwise investing would be so much easier. Predicting how businesses and trends will play out over the coming years can be difficult, but Activision Blizzard (NASDAQ: ATVI) and XPO Logistics (NYSE: XPO) seem well-positioned to thrive over the next decade. One is benefiting from a rise in esports, the other from ever-increasing e-commerce deliveries.
Bring on the advertising dollars
If you've played just about any type of video game, there's a good chance you've visited a world created by Activision Blizzard. It's a massively successful entertainment company with franchises that include Call of Duty , Destiny , World of Warcraft , Overwatch , Diablo and even Candy Crush . If you've been not only a player of Activision games but also an investor in the company, you've done well for yourself in recent years:
ATVI data by YCharts .
Here's the kicker: While the stock has soared thanks to gaming's transition from physical games to high-margin digital downloads and microtransactions, there's still a massive catalyst in esports, which turns video games into spectator sports. Newzoo predicts the global esports economy will grow 28% this year to $905.6 million -- a number that could jump to $1.5 billion as soon as 2020. The majority of that money will be generated through sponsorships and advertising, as well as media rights and content licenses. That's what makes a recent Activision partnership intriguing and promising.
Recently, Activision Blizzard and Walt Disney (NYSE: DIS) subsidiaries ESPN and Disney XD entered into an exclusive multiyear agreement for live television coverage of the Overwatch League. Overwatch League is the world's first global city-based esports league, and all coverage will be available for ESPN and Disney XD subscribers to stream live. Overwatch League is already on its way to generating more than $1 billion in revenue for Activision, and much of that money is generated from selling team ownership rights. But the real money will come down the road from advertising, and Activision's recent partnership with ESPN could be the first major step to luring in the big bucks.
Activision Blizzard has a slew of highly popular and highly profitable franchises, and it's proven capable of generating consistent revenue through the evolution of digital downloads and microtransactions. And don't forget its expansion into mobile gaming through the acquisition of King Digital, which Goldman Sachs analyst Christopher Merwin believes has huge potential, saying Activision could one day move PC- and console-based games to a mobile platform. Then further consider the lucrative potential of esports, and you have a stock you'll be thrilled to own in 2030.
Special delivery
XPO Logistics isn't a household name, although it might bring items right to your doorstep. XPO is a global transportation and logistics company, with roughly 63% of its revenue coming from its transportation segment; this includes the "last mile," the complicated process of getting e-commerce goods delivered to customers' homes.
You may have noticed that if a retailer doesn't have a compelling e-commerce business story, investors are looking elsewhere lately. According to data compiled by Statista, the e-commerce share of total global retail is currently only 11.9%, but is expected to account for 17.5% by 2021. That means more e-commerce deliveries in the years ahead, providing more opportunity for XPO. Currently, "last mile" is a smaller chunk of the business, 6% in fiscal year 2017, but management expects that last-mile logistics business to grow at a rate of five to six times GDP (gross domestic product) -- faster than any of its other business services.
But that's just one part of XPO. The company also unleashed an innovative supply-chain solution this spring. It's called XPO Direct, a nationwide shared-space distribution model for omnichannel retail and e-commerce customers, which enables those customers to use XPO warehouses and last-mile hubs as flexible holding sites. XPO's distribution footprint positions its customers to deliver within two days to 95% of the U.S. population. That's a compelling service for many retailers.
One reason 67% of Fortune 100 companies use XPO is that it has multiple services. In fact, 93 of XPO's top 100 customers use two or more services, and 26% of sales generated from those top 100 customers come from secondary services. That means XPO has highly valuable cross-selling potential. As the company continues to pour capital into technology to develop new transportation solutions, that brings in new customers and secondary sales, which becomes a lucrative cycle.
There's a lot to like about XPO. It has an incredible distribution network, lucrative cross-selling potential, and a blossoming last-mile business that will grow right alongside the e-commerce retail megatrend . XPO is definitely a company that should be prospering in 2030.
While Activision and XPO operate in completely different industries, they have a lot in common. Both have thriving businesses now, and both have major upside in the decade ahead.
10 stocks we like better than XPO Logistics
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Daniel Miller has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Activision Blizzard and Walt Disney. The Motley Fool recommends XPO Logistics. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 122.djvu/873
12 2 STA T .850PUBLIC LA W 110 – 22 9—M A Y 8, 2008 ap p rov a l, a su s edinth is su b para g raph, in c ludes e x haus - tion o f an y available revie w under S tate law of any ad m inistrative action authori z ing the change of the P ath- finder R eservoir water right .SEC.516 . CE NTRALOK LA H O M A MASTER CONSER V ATOR YDI STRICT F EASI B ILITY ST U DY. ( a ) S TUDY . — ( 1 ) INGE NE RAL .— N ot later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this A ct, the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the C ommissioner of Reclamation (referred to in this section as the ‘ ‘Secretary ’ ’), shall— (A) conduct a feasibility study of alternatives to aug- ment the water supplies of— (i) the Central Ok lahoma M aster Conservatory D istrict (referred to in this section as the ‘‘District)’’ and (ii) cities served by the District; ( 2 )IN C LU SIO NS.— T he study under paragraph (1) shall include recommendations of the Secretary, if any, relating to the alternatives studied. (b) COST-S H ARING RE Q UIRE M ENT.— (1) IN GENERAL.—The F ederal share of the total costs of the study under subsection (a) shall not exceed 50 percent. (2) FORM O F NON-FEDERAL SHARE.—The non-Federal share re q uired under paragraph (1) may be in the form of any in- kind services that the Secretary determines would contribute substantially toward the conduct and completion of the study. (c) AUTHORI Z ATION OF A P PROPRIATIONS.—There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to conduct the study under subsection (a) $9 00,000. TI T LEV I —D E PAR T M E N T OF ENER GY A U T H ORI Z ATION S SEC. 6 0 1. ENER G Y TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER. Section 91 7 of the E nergy Policy Act of 2005 ( 4 2 U .S.C. 1 6 197) is amended to read as follows
‘SEC. 9 1 7 . ADVANCED ENERGY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTERS. ‘‘(a) G RANTS.—Not later than 1 8 months after the date of enact- ment of the National Forests, Parks, Public L and, and Reclamation Pro j ects Authorization Act of 2008, the Secretary shall make grants to nonprofit institutions, State and local governments, cooperative extension services, or institutions of higher education (or consortia thereof), to establish a geographically dispersed network of Advanced Energy Technology Transfer Centers, to be located in areas the Secretary determines have the greatest need of the serv- ices of such Centers. In making awards under this section, the Secretary shall— ‘‘(1) give priority to applicants already operating or partnered with an outreach program capable of transferring knowledge and information about advanced energy efficiency methods and technologies; ‘‘(2) ensure that, to the extent practicable, the program enables the transfer of knowledge and information— Deadlin e .Gr an ts. Deadline.
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Iraqi forces advance at Mosul University, take areas along Tigris: officials
MOSUL, Iraq/BAGHDAD (Reuters) - Iraqi special forces drove back Islamic State militants in the Mosul University campus on Saturday, while elite police units took over large areas along the east bank of the Tigris river, military officials said. The head of Iraq’s Counter Terrorism Service (CTS) said security forces were close to seizing the entire east bank of the Tigris, which bisects Mosul north to south. That gain will bring at least half of Islamic State’s last major stronghold in Iraq back under government control. Iraqi forces have made rapid advances since the new year, as part of a nearly three-month, U.S.-backed offensive. For the ultra-hardline Islamic State, losing Mosul would probably spell the end of the Iraqi side of its self-styled caliphate, which it declared in 2014. The military will be able to begin attacks on western Mosul, which Islamic State still fully controls, once it has captured the eastern bank of the river. The militants have fought back fiercely with car bombs and snipers, and have used civilians as cover. An air raid during the week targeting a senior IS militant killed up to 30 people, residents said late on Friday. Islamic State has also carried out attacks in Baghdad where a string of explosions in the last two weeks has killed dozens of people. Another blast hit central Baghdad late on Saturday, killing at least one person, police sources said. There was no immediate claim of responsibility. Earlier on Saturday, CTS forces battled IS fighters at the university in Mosul, in a second day of clashes there. “We entered the university and cleared the technical institute, dentistry and antiquities departments,” Lieutenant General Abdelwahab al-Saadi of the CTS told a Reuters reporter in the complex. “In the coming hours it will be liberated completely,” he said. CTS troops had gathered in the university canteen. As they unfurled a map of the area, a suspected Islamic State drone flew overhead and they shot at it. The Iraqi forces also found chemical substances IS had used to try to make weapons, CTS commander Sami al-Aridhi said. The United Nations says the militants seized nuclear materials used for scientific research from the university when they overran Mosul and vast areas of northern Iraq and eastern Syria in 2014. IS has used chemical agents including mustard gas in a number of attacks in Iraq and Syria, U.S. officials, rights groups and residents say. Seizing the university would be a crucial strategic gain and allow Iraqi forces to advance more quickly toward the Tigris in the city’s northeast, military officials have said. Parallel advances in the southeast of the city on Saturday, led by elite rapid response units, put Iraq’s federal police in control of large areas along the river bank, a spokesman said. “The Yarimja area ... has been liberated, a large number of Daesh (Islamic State) elements were killed, and the rest fled to the right-hand side (western bank),” Lieutenant Colonel Abdel Amir al-Mohammedawi told Reuters. Forces had stopped suicide car bomb attacks by firing at them during their advance, and the federal police also captured a field hospital the militants had been using, he said. The federal police forces were backed by the Iraqi army’s 9th armored division and by U.S. coalition air support, Mohammedawi said. A separate military statement said the federal police in the area also captured a highway linking Mosul to the city of Kirkuk to the southeast. Improved coordination between different military branches, plus new tactics and better defenses against the car bombs has helped them gain new momentum against Islamic State in Mosul since the turn of the year, U.S. and Iraqi military officials say. Lieutenant General Talib Shaghati told state television the entire eastern bank of the Tigris would soon be under Iraqi control. Advances had slowed in late November and December as troops became bogged down in tough urban warfare after entering the city itself, and Islamic State fought from densely-populated residential areas. An air raid targeting a senior Islamic State militant on Thursday killed up to 30 people in a western Mosul district, residents said. It was not immediately clear if the strike was carried out by Iraqi forces or the U.S.-led coalition. Iraq Body Count (IBC), a group run by academics and peace activists that has been counting violent deaths in the country since 2003, said 21 to 25 civilians had died that day in a strike on that area. Reuters could not independently verify the reports. Iraqi forces have tried to avoid causing civilian casualties while Islamic State has deliberately shelled and shot at residents. The United Nations said recently the number of casualties being rushed to hospitals in nearby cities had increased. Additional reporting by Stephen Kalin in Erbil and Saif Hameed in Baghdad; Editing by Andrew Bolton and Hugh Lawson | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
about.jpg
Journal
Reliable optoelectronic switchable device implementation by CdS nanowires conjugated bent-core liquid crystal matrix
By
Asiya S.I.
Pal K.
El-Sayyad G.S.
Elkodous M.A.
Demetriades C.
Kralj S.
Thomas S.
Enhancing the performance of high luminescent and dielectrically capable cadmium sulfide nanowire (CdS NW) is of great importance, because of their promising ability in analyzing the dimensionality and size. The tuned physical characteristics of semiconductor CdS NWs allowed the manipulation of both electronic and optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale by dispersing a new bent core (BC) liquid crystal (LC) compound. This was derived from a 4-chlororesorcinol central core unit with two terephthalate based rod-like units carrying chiral (S)-3, 7-dimethyloctyloxy (namely ‘CPDB’) terminal chains, which have been synthesized in a pure solvo-chemical process. The mesomorphic properties of the newly-prepared bent-core LC, exhibiting an enantiotropy ‘Sm A’ phase as a result of dispersing 0.005% of CdS NWs, were investigated by several spectroscopic investigations. In addition, the hydrothermal fabrication of CdS NWs with a high-yield was modified with a cationic agent, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), which was utilized as a compatibilizer for providing a better interaction with LC molecules and giving a homogeneous solution. This work focused on the experimental investigation and optimization, using a combinational view of bent-core liquid crystal (CPDB) compound dispersion which was achieved in a controllable manner. The product of the resulting composite matrix has a very outstanding and promising behavior, e.g. semiconductor nanostructures emission polarization that can be manipulated using an external bias modulation of the novel switchable device, which was found quite convincing in the recent trends of brand-new technologies. In particular, the electro-optic responses by POM of various mesophases were investigated from the view point of the CdS incorporated bent-core LC matrix formation and transitional phase variants of ‘ON’ and ‘OFF’ states, which were depending on the geometrical parameters of CdS NW's. Finally, the future challenges and prospects of any other nanomaterials dispersed into CPDB compound which will give rise to an increase of the mesomorphic range by preserving the mesophase type were explored in detail. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Volume 12.djvu/39
The place where we should have arrived at the Southermost part of the Caspian Sea, is twelve leagues within a Bay: but we being sore tormented and tossed with this foresaid storme, were driven unto another Land on the other side the Bay, overthwart the said Manguslave being very lowe Land, and a place as well for the ill commoditie of the Haven, as of those brute field people, where never Barke nor Boat had before arrived, not liked of us.
But yet there we sent certaine of our men to Land to talke with the Governour and People, as well for our good usage at their hands, as also for provision of Camels to Carrie our goods from the said Sea side to a place called Sellyzure, being from the place of our landing five and twentie dayes journey. Our Messengers returned with comfortable words and faire promises of all things.
Wherefore the third day of September 1558. we discharged our Barke, and I with my companie were gently entertayned of the Prince, and of his people. But before our departure from thence, we found them to bee a very bad and brutish people, for they ceased not daily to molest us, either by fighting, stealing, or begging, raysing the price of Horse, and Camels, and Victuals, double that it was wont there to be, and forced us to buy the water that we drinke: which caused us to hasten away, and to conclude with them as well for the hire of Camels, as for the price of such as wee bought, with other provision, according to their owne demand: So that for every Camels lading, being but foure hundred weight of ours, we agreed to give three Hides of Russia, and foure wooden dishes, and to the Prince or Governour of the said people one ninth, and two sevenths: namely, nine severall things, and twice seven severall things: for money they use none.
And thus being ready, the fourteenth of September we departed from that place, being a Caravan of a thousand Camels. And having travelled five dayes journey, wee came to another Princes Dominion, and upon the way | WIKI |
Aslan Byutukayev
Aslan Avgazarovich Byutukayev (Аслан Бютукаев), also known as Emir Khamzat and Abubakar (22 October 1974 – 20 January 2021), was a Chechen field commander in the Islamic State (IS) Wilayah al-Qawqaz, the commander of the Riyad-us Saliheen Brigade of Martyrs and a close associate of the deceased Caucasus Emirate leader Dokka Umarov. Byutukayev was listed as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist by the United States on 13 July 2016. He was killed by Russian special operatives in January 2021.
Biography
Until 2010, Emir Khamzat was a little-known field commander. In the summer of that year, there was a dispute between Dokka Umarov and several commanders of the Chechen wing of the Caucasus Emirate. They were Tarkhan Gaziyev, Muhannad, Aslambek Vadalov and Khuseyn Gakayev. That led to Byutukayev's rapid promotion to the commander of Chechnya's Southwestern Front. He also succeeded the slain Said Buryatsky as leader of the Caucasus Emirate's unit of suicide bombers, the Riyad-us Saliheen.
In January 2011, Byutukayev trained Magomed Yevloyev, the suicide bomber who carried out the bombing of Moscow Domodedovo Airport. Shortly before the bombing, Dokka Umarov, Byutukayev and Magomed Yevloyev filmed a video, claiming responsibility for the attack.
In March 2011, it was reported that Aslan Byutukayev had been killed in an airstrike by Russian Air Force in Ingushetia, along with the deputy leader of the Caucasus Emirate, Supyan Abdullayev. However, while the rebels confirmed the death of Abdullayev, the death of Byutukayev was denied.
In June 2011, in a video released on the internet, a silent Byutukayev appeared at the side of Dokka Umarov, as the latter claimed responsibility for the assassination of Yuri Budanov, a former Russian Colonel, who kidnapped, murdered and allegedly raped an 18-year-old Chechen girl during Second Chechen War. In July 2011, at a meeting of the Caucasus Emirate's Sharia Court, Umarov appointed Byutukayev to his deputy in the newly created Western Sector of Vilayat Nokhchicho.
In May 2014, Byutukayev appeared in a video with a large number of field commanders of the Vilayat Nokhchicho, giving an oath of allegiance to the new head of the Caucasus Emirate, Aliaskhab Kebekov, who succeeded Dokka Umarov.
Toward the end of 2014, the Caucasus Emirate became more active in their insurgent activities. On 5 October 2014, a suicide bombing took place near the city hall of Grozny. Five Russian police officers and the suicide bomber were killed. Another 12 people were wounded. Byutukayev also took responsibility for the 2014 Grozny clashes, during which 14 Russian policemen were killed and a total of 35 people wounded.
Disappearance and death
In June 2015, and following the death of Caucasus Emirate leader, Aliaskhab Kebekov, Byutukayev released an audio message, pledging allegiance to IS and its leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.
In 2016 according to reports he was hiding in Turkey, although this was unconfirmed.
In January 2021, he and five militants were killed in Katyr-Yurt, Chechnya as a result of a special operation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya. | WIKI |
Steinhausen
Steinhausen may refer to :
Places
* Steinhausen an der Rottum, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
* Steinhausen, Namibia, district capital of Okorukambe Constituency, Namibia
* Steinhausen, Switzerland, Canton Zug, Switzerland
* Steinhausen railway station
People
* Günther Steinhausen (1917-1942), German World War II Luftwaffe Flying ace
* Rolf Steinhausen (born 1943), German motorcycle racer | WIKI |
1692 was a year packed with excitement and terror for the citizens of Salem, Massachusetts. Belief and accusations of people being witches/warlocks under the possession of the Devil swept across the town and wreaked havoc among its settlers. There are many possible ways to justify this madness. However, the 3 most valid and evidential reasons are: attention-seeking, jealousy (of one another and the amount of land owned), and lack of acceptance towards each other’s physical flaws and behaviors.
Attention-seeking is bound to become an issue in a town such as Salem, merely due to the daily, mundane activities one must pursue in order to live properly. Document G states, “It was perhaps their original design to gratify a love of notoriety or of mischief by creating… excitement in their neighborhood.” This quote is relating to the behaviors that people were displaying which made them a suspect. Document H revolves around the idea that maybe these young girls were acting out and faking the “convulsive attacks” that were believed to be evidence in order to give the public what they expected, or wanted. These young girls created an issue much larger than they’d planned to. They most likely were just trying to make themselves known and didn’t understand the impact that their actions would have on the vulnerable minds of their town.
Although attention-seeking seems to play the most obvious role in the hysteria, jealousy was also a major contributor. Land ownership was a big deal in this time period (15th century), and the division between the farmers’ and the residents’ amount of property became a cause for vengeance (Document J). Documents K & L are perfect examples of people feeling the need for revenge. The Putnams must have believed that Rebecca Nurse did them terribly wrong when her family took over some of their land, so (as one of the wealthiest families in Salem); they used their word against hers by | FINEWEB-EDU |
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