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Casey B. Mulligan - NYTimes.com
Casey B. Mulligan is an economics professor at the University of Chicago. He is the author of Parental Priorities and Economic Inequality, which studied the transmission of economic status from one generation to the next. His research has also covered capital and labor taxation, the gender wage gap, Social Security, voting and the economics of aging, among other subjects. His latest book, The Redistribution Recession: How Labor Market Distortions Contracted the Economy, is in production with Oxford University Press. Professor Mulligan writes shorter blog entries at www.panic2008.net, each of which applies the principles of supply and demand to today's financial crisis. He is affiliated with a number of professional organizations, including the National Bureau of Economic Research, the George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, and the Population Research Center. He is also the recipient of numerous awards and fellowships, including those from the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Smith- Richardson Foundation, and the John M. Olin Foundation. Professor Mulligan received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Chicago in 1993. He has also served as a visiting professor teaching public economics at Harvard University, Clemson University, and Irving B. Harris Graduate School of Public Policy Studies at the University of Chicago. Room for Debate asks whether shorefront homeowners should have to open their land to all comers. New York City's top public schools must become more diverse.
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Page:Oregon Historical Quarterly vol. 3.djvu/103
Rh we traveled to the south. Vegetation was forward, especially flax and currants of an orange color.
July 26—We crossed the Lewis River in the bull boat, where Fort Hall now is. Three of the men left us here to trap alone. The white and variegated marble and melted rock showed the effects of volcanic action. The vegetation was diversified and timber of various kinds grew in abundance. We had a little rain. Traveling to the southwest we crossed several creeks with volcanic bluffs on either side of blacksmith-cinder-like rocks, often pentagonal in form, although they had not lost their stratification. In examining the rocks, was nearly bitten by a rattlesnake.
We found many berries and currants, red and black, also orange in color. On the twenty-eighth passed Gray's Fork to Gray's Hole. The Trois Tetons were still in sight to the northeast. Grass was good, the buffalo fat, and we staid in camp two days drying meat. We then crossed Blackfoot Creek to a hilly and wooded country with high basaltic rocks in perfect pentagonal form.
August 1—Mrs. Milton Sublette (a squaw) had a child, and the next day she mounted her horse, the babe was put in a basket feet down and hung on the pommel of her saddle, and she rode fifteen miles that day. Mrs. Sublette also had a child about three years of age who rode a gentle pony. The child was so fastened on by blankets as to keep it upright, and the pony followed the train with loose horses, never straying far with its charge. The thermometer fell to 20 F. We traveled to the southeast, crossing the Blackfoot to a branch of the Port Neuf, over an extensive prairie, which they say extends to Bear River of the Salt Lake country, a hundred miles distant.
August 5—In camp drying more meat. Saw a white wolf and some crows eating together on a buffalo carcass. There are two kinds of wolves here, that make the nights hideous. We traveled down the Port Neuf to the south eighteen miles, crossed it, and encamped on a branch for two days.
August 11—We started to the west, encamped on a small creek, and the next day continued southwest on same creek. Here the sixteen independent trappers quit us, going south into California.
August 13—We traveled west northwest over two ridges, the first limestone, the second volcanic, and came in view of the Lewis River at the American Falls. The course of the river is nearly west. Extensive plains stretched away to the north, and a far-off snow-clad mountain range was seen. Here I lost my pocket thermometer. We traveled to the southwest away from the Lewis River and encamped on the Cassia. Vegetation was rank. Next we traveled up the Cassia to the south over barren plains of prickly pears and sage, and encamped in high grass on a creek coming in from the west. Vegetation was
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Research
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Project Details
McCall Lauren | Fellow Postdoctoral
2006-01-01 - 2006-12-31 | Research area: Cognition and Sociality
Covariation and Heritability of Biological and Cultural Character Suites
The study of human variation and evolution has lagged behind conceptual developments in biology. This shortcoming makes it difficult to assess two important issues, the effect on evolutionary history of covarying character suites, and the characterization of nongenetic heritability, including culture. The proposed research will address these issues in the broad context of brain evolution and cognitive development. Current research on these topics is carried out in isolation in various different fields. A conceptual, multidisciplinary perspective that takes into account the current state of flux in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology is much needed. I believe I can contribute to the emergence of a strong, multidisciplinary perspective, given my training in philosophy, biology and anthropology. There are two primary theoretical aims of the proposed research, which will take part in a continuing program of demonstrating the advantages of large-scale comparative surveys for the study of hominin evolution, development and cultural variation. The primary theoretical aims of the proposed research are: 1) to explore the theoretical and practical value of considering epigenetic heritability as a legitimate form of heredity, ranging from influences on gene expression, to non-organismal, strictly environmental resources at the furthest extreme, and 2) to explore the operational advantages of enriching phylograms with more information about environmental influences, independent of their relationship with organismic heritability.
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Gallicanus
Gallicanus may refer to:
* Gaius Cornelius Gallicanus, Roman consul in 84 AD
* Ovinius Gallicanus, Roman consul in 317 AD
* Flavius Gallicanus, Roman consul in 330 AD
* Saint Gallicanus (fl. 363 AD), legendary saint, perhaps a composite of the above
* Gallicanus I, bishop of Embrun (fl. 524–29 AD)
* Gallicanus II, bishop of Embrun (fl. 541–49 AD)
Gallican
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Talk:Shaolin Wahnam Institute
Protected edit request on 28 April 2021
Redirect to Wong Kiew-kit to fix double redirect B AA AAA AAAN (talk) 20:28, 28 April 2021 (UTC)
* ✅ — xaosflux Talk 14:39, 29 April 2021 (UTC)
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Page:Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion volume 2.djvu/242
wide extended earth, the shades of Tartaros, the night of Erebos, as also Eros, adorned beyond all with beauty. We see the totality of particularity originating here; the earth, the positive element, the universal basis; Tartaros, Erebos, Night, the negative element, and Eros, the uniting and active element. The particular elements are now themselves productive; the earth produces the heavens out of itself, brings forth the hills without fructifying love, the desolate Pontus, but when united with the sky bears Oceanos and its rulers. She further brings forth the Cyclopes, the forces of Nature as such, while the earlier children, natural things, themselves exist as subjects. The Earth and the Sky are thus the abstract powers which, by fructifying themselves, cause the sphere of natural particular things to come into existence. The youngest child is the inscrutable Cronos. Night, the second moment, brings forth all that from the natural side has the moment of negation within itself. Thirdly, these particular forms unite in a reciprocal relation, and beget the positive and negative. All these are conquered later on by the gods of spiritual subjectivity; Hecate alone remains in the form of Fate or Destiny as representing the natural side.
The primary power, that which rules over this circle of natural forces, is the abstraction in general out of which they have risen, Uranos; and inasmuch as he is power only as positing his abstraction, so that this last is alone what has valid worth, he drives away all his children. But the main offspring of Heaven is inscrutable Time, the youngest child. This latter conquers Uranos through the cunning of the Earth. Everything here is in the form of a subjective end, and cunning is the negative of force. But inasmuch as the particular forces make themselves free, and set up on their own account, Uranos calls them by a name suggestive of punishment, calls them Titans, whose wrong-doing is one day to be avenged on them.
These particular natural forces are also personified, but
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Clarence Korstian
Clarence Korstian (June 26, 1889 – February 22, 1968) was an influential professor of forestry and the founding dean of the Duke University School of Forestry in 1938. Korstian was one of the leaders in North Carolina forestry during the nearly half century he lived in the state.
Early life and education
Clarence Ferdinand Korstian was born June 26, 1889, in Saline County, Nebraska. He earned a B.S.F. degree from the University of Nebraska in 1911, and a M.F. degree from Nebraska in 1913. He received a M.A. degree from Southeastern Christian College in 1924. He served as a research fellow at Yale University from 1925 to 1926, earning a PhD. in forestry from Yale in 1926.
Career
Korstian began his two decade career with the U.S. Forest Service in 1910 as a field assistant. From 1922 to 1930 he worked at the Appalachian Forest Experiment Station in Asheville, North Carolina. In 1930 he accepted the directorship of the Duke University Research and Demonstration Forest. In 1938 he was named founding dean and professor of silviculture to the newly created School of Forestry at Duke University. He was instrumental in developing one of the nation's leading forestry programs during his tenure, while also managing and expanding Duke Forest. Korstian retired from Duke in June 1959.
During his career Korstian served on the executive council of the Society of American Foresters from 1932 to 1935, and as the Society's president from 1938 to 1941. He helped establish the Southern Appalachian Section of the Society of American Foresters in 1921. Korstian also served as vice president of the American Forestry Association from 1939 to 1941, president of the North Carolina Forestry Association from 1943 to 1947, chairman of the North Carolina Forestry Council from 1949 to 1951, and president of the North Carolina Academy of Science from 1949 to 1950.
Legacy
Following his retirement in 1959, one of the major divisions of Duke Forest was named in his honor.
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ZSH shortcut: quickly commit using a function
I have many private git repos to manage all the configuration files, ansible playbooks, source code and other stuff you would want to version. Most of them are just for me to view and often I want to quickly ‘save’ my current process by creating a commit I can go back to.
I just recently switched to zsh after years of using bash – never had I thought that my life would change that much. So many neat little things that are really helpful and make my life easier. Themes, plugins and the oh so amazing oh-my-zsh really make it a pleasure to do stuff on the console. (I always have to bite my tongue once I SSH into a server that only has sh or bash now.
So in order to commit quicker without having to write two to three commands like add, commit & push one can create a function that does all that and takes some arguments in case you need them. During my research, as any scientist should do properly before reinventing the wheel, I found Hasan has thought of the same thing a couple years back. Here is my version of it:
gitc() {
if [ "$1" != "" ]
then
git commit -a -m "$1"
else
git commit -a -m update # default commit message is `update`
fi
git push
}
Enjoy!
The road to Kubernetes
I finally wanted to setup my own kubernetes cluster as everyone I talk to, said its the hottest shit.
I’m using three VMs, hosted at Netcup running the latest Debian 9 Stretch build. I’ve installed most basic tools for me and also already set up docker using this amazing ansible role. Make sure to disable any swap you have configured – kubelet will not start otherwise.
The documentation on how to install things is pretty good, but I’ve missed some details, that I banged my head on, so I will copy most snippets over for future reference. Keep in mind, that this might have already changed and is no longer working at the time you read this.
First install all needed CLI tools on each of the three hosts:
apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key add -
cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main
EOF
apt-get update
apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
Start the systemd Service for kubelet, our kubernetes manager – also on every node.
systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
Now the docs are a bit unspecific, but here’s a command to set the correct cgroup on Debian 9.
First check what cgroup docker is running under:
docker info | grep -i cgroup
Then use this replacement command to add the cgroup to the systemd service file and restart kubelet:
sed -i "s/bin\/kubelet/bin\/kubelet --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs/g" /lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet
Verify everything is working with:
systemctl status kubelet
If you see a failed state, you can use journalctl -xe to check for the error message. (You did disable your swap right? ;] – Hint swapoff -a)
Now we should be ready to setup our master node.
kubeadm init
If anything goes wrong, you can reset your master node using the following:
kubeadm reset
At this point init took me all the way and got stuck on the following message:
[init] This might take a minute or longer if the control plane images have to be pulled.
In my logs (journalctl) I could see some message related to docker, cni and Network problems. A quick google search lated lead me to this quickfix:
#domain bestsrv.de
#search bestsrv.de
nameserver 46.38.225.230
nameserver 46.38.252.230
Comment out the domain and search part in that file.
Then I got the following message:
"server4" is forbidden: not yet ready to handle request
Turns out, I had a service listening on port 80/443/8080 – make sure to stop that before you run init.
After that we need to install a pod network, that will allow our pods to talk to each other. By default kubernetes only bundles rudimentary networking but to fully utilize all feature, we will use weave:
export kubever=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')
kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$kubever"
To enable the master to run pods, run the following command:
kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
Then run the following command on your two other servers:
kubeadm join --token <token> <master-ip>:<master-port> --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:<hash>
To finish up, we will copy the kube config file to our local machine in order to administer the cluster locally.
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
scp server4.wdkk.de:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf .kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Now we have a ready to go cluster and start using it.
I’ll post some basic commands in the next days.
Termina(l)te your way in style
Usually I love to use guake as my terminal in gnome, as it quickly hides using the F12 key and you always have your terminal in reach.
When doing more server heavy tasks, I often end up having several tabs in guake which tends to be messy. In those cases I love to use Terminator – the ultimate Terminal.
Quickly installed using the following:
# Debian / Ubuntu
apt install terminator
# Arch Linux
pacman -S terminator
Then you can use the following keyboard shortcuts to easily spawn new terminals the GUI way, instead of using tmux.
Ctrl-Shift-E: will split the view vertically
Ctrl-Shift-O: will split the view horizontally
Ctrl-Shift-W: will close the view where the focus is on
Ctrl-Shift-Q: will exit terminator
As a good friend and I today noticed: using all those fancy commands like tmux directly might be faster, but sometimes the GUI way is easier and more intuitive.
Arch Linux: Touchpad right click no longer working
I’ve been using Arch on my XPS 2015 edition since the very beginning. Not only was the support of the software components newer/better than Dell’s official Ubuntu version for the developer edition, but also I absolutely love the rolling release before it was cool.
So as we are bleeding edge, sometimes things break. Arch moved over to wayland some time ago, but like two days ago my touchpad’s right & middle click stopped working. Quick google search later revealed, that my gnome settings had the following option set to ‘fingers’. That didn’t work as my XPS has ‘areas’ – so switching it over with this simple command, fixed things for me.
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad click-method 'areas'
Easily add your Github SSH Keys to any Server or Docker Image
The default way to copy your ssh key(s) to a remote server is to use the ssh-copy-id command. This will create a secure connection to the remote server over SSH and then check if the user exists, create the folder&files if needed and add your keys. Works, Easy, Simple.
My problem is, that often I’m already in the shell and I logged in with some password combination, that I would need to enter a second time to copy my ids. Also I don’t always have all my keys on one machine. As I often get asked by my colleagues, what my SSH keys are, there is a nifty trick you can do, instead of sending them over via E-Mail.
Github allows to get your public SSH keys with only your username: https://github.com/<username>.keys
So with a little bit of magic we can utilize this and run the following command on an existing SSH connection to create a new authorized_keys file and download our keys from Github to the file.
curl https://github.com/kordianbruck.keys > ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Easy!
You can always use >> instead to append your keys. This can also be used in automated docker builds, where you have a SSH server running inside your container (which you probably shouldn’t ;D).
Github requires referer header field to login
So I’ve had this happen for some time now and could not determine the perpetrator as it was happening not really too often. From time to time I would encounter a error when trying to Login to Github:
Oops! Something went wrong. Please try again later.
In many cases this was related to something using oAuth but not in mine. I simply wanted to login to Github as usual.
So after some trial and error, I’ve noticed that disabling the “Referer Control” extension in chrome or chromium would solve the issue. My guess is they simply use that to prevent XSRF attacks.
Solution: Add an exception in the settings for Github as shown below
LetsEncrypt now used everywhere
So today I decided to move all my certificates from StartSSL to LetsEncrypt. Not only is StartSSL really a bad CA with recent problems, but also they limit you with several obstacles that just don’t make any sense. They really just want you to sign up for one of their “great” extended validation thingys. Over the last couple months they have really improved the web interface but still this is not enough to deal with today’s challenges of delivering secure connections to users easily. Their new APIs and StartEncrypt service are merely a late effort, trying to outbid LE with a worse service. Not worth the time or effort.
The biggest problem is, that today I run multiple domains on my server and I need to provide one single certificate with all domains via Dovecot / Postfix. StartSSL allows you to have up to five domain names in the certificates they sign. (For example www.bruck.me and bruck.me would be a total of two domain names) So I’ve ran out of the possibility of using all my domains with one StartSSL certificate. Well, LE offers up to 100 domain names in one certificate. Of course wildcard certificates would be nicer, but this will work as well.
I can really recommend acmetool as an interface tool with LE. I didn’t want any of that fancy magic stuff, as I use a nice webinterface to manage all my webhosts. acmetool generates the certificates after verification and puts them into a central location on the disk. It also manages renewals automatically, so I don’t have to deal with those either. Exactly what I was looking for! Setup is quite easy! Excellent job LE, on making this whole process open source and providing us with the possibility to build any client we want!
So, to summarize: acmetool great, letsencrypt even better, StartSSL meeeh.
No connection within eduroam WiFi at TUM
So recently I’ve not been able to connect to the eduroam WiFi at the Technische Universität München in Garching Forschungszentrum. I’m guessing the RBG is running some specialized DHCP server that is not compatible with the newest NetworkManager version in Arch Linux. So to fix this, edit the file “/etc/NetworkManager/Networkmanager.conf” and comment out this file like so:
#dhcp=internal
Credits to Philipp and Simon, for saving me lots of headaches.
“libGL error: unable to load driver: i965_dri.so” fix
So I actually rarely encounter any problems with my Arch Linux, but sometimes they just want to see the world burn. Apparently after updating the mesa driver, so library got lost.
Easy fix:
# Arch Linux
mv ~/Android/Sdk/tools/lib64/libstdc++/libstdc++.so.6{,.bak}
mv ~/Android/Sdk/tools/lib64/libstdc++/libstdc++.so.6.0.18{,.bak}
ln -s /usr/lib/libstdc++.so ~/Android/Sdk/tools/lib64/libstdc++/
Thanks to proft.me for providing this!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Jean-Marie
Jean-Marie is both a given name and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* Jean-Marie Carroll (born 1956), an English musician and composer (born to French and Irish parents)
* Jean-Marie Abgrall (born 1950), a French psychiatrist, criminologist, specialist in forensic medicine, cult expert, and graduate in criminal law
* Jean-Marie Charles Abrial (1879–1962), a French Admiral and Minister of Marine of France
* Jean-Marie Andre (1944–2023), a Belgian scientist
* Jean-Marie Auberson (1920–2004), a Swiss conductor and violinist
* Jean-Marie Balestre (1921–2008), a president of FISA
* Jean-Marie Basset (born 1943), a French chemist
* Jean-Marie Beaupuy (born 1943), a French politician
* Jean-Marie Benjamin, a priest
* Jean-Marie Beurel (1813–1872), a French Roman Catholic priest
* Jean-Marie Bockel (born 1950), a French politician
* Jean-Marie Boisvert (born 1939), a Canadian politician
* Jean-Marie Buchet, a Belgian film director
* Jean-Marie Cavada (born 1940), a French politician
* Jean-Marie Charpentier (20th century), a French architect and urban planner
* Jean-Marie Chopin (19th century), a Russian explorer of the Caucasus
* Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois (1749–1796), a French actor, dramatist, essayist and revolutionary
* Jean-Marie Colombani (born 1948), a French journalist
* Jean-Marie De Koninck (born 1949), a French-Canadian mathematician
* Jean-Marie de Lamennais (1780–1860), a French Roman Catholic priest
* Jean-Marie Dedecker (born 1952), a Belgian-Flemish politician
* Jean-Marie Delwart, a Belgian businessman
* Jean-Marie Domenach (1922–1997), a French writer and intellectual
* Jean-Marie Ducharme (1723–1807), a fur trader and political figure
* Jean-Marie Claude Alexandre Goujon (1766–1795), a French journalist, lawyer, and statesman
* Jean-Marie Guéhenno (born 1949), a French diplomat
* Jean-Marie Guyau (1854–1888), a French philosopher and poet
* Jean-Marie Halsdorf (born 1957), a Luxembourgian politician
* Jean-Marie Le Bris (1817–1872), a French aviator
* Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio (born 1940), a French author
* Jean-Marie Le Pen (born 1928), a French far-right politician
* Jean-Marie Leblanc (born 1944), a French retired professional road bicycle racer
* Jean-Marie Leclair (1697–1764), a Baroque violinist and composer
* Jean-Marie Leclair the younger (1703–1777), French composer
* Jean-Marie Lehn (born 1939), a French chemist
* Jean-Marie Londeix (born 1932), a French saxophonist
* Jean-Marie Loret (1919-1985), a French railway worker, claimed to be the son of Adolf Hitler
* Jean-Marie Lustiger (1926–2007), a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
* Jean-Marie Atangana Mebara, a Cameroonian politician
* Jean-Marie Messier (born 1956), a French businessman
* Jean-Marie Mokole, a member of the Pan-African Parliament
* Jean-Marie Mondelet (circa 1771–1843), a notary and political figure in Lower Canada
* Jean-Marie Morel (1728–1810), a French architect
* Jean-Marie Musy (1876–1952), a Swiss politician
* Jean-Marie Neff (born 1961), a French racewalker
* Jean-Marie Pallardy (born 1940), a French film director
* Jean-Marie Pelt (1933–2015), a French botanist
* Jean-Marie Peretti, a French researcher and teacher in human resources management
* Jean-Marie Perrot (1877–1943), a Breton priest
* Jean-Marie Pfaff (born 1953), a Belgian former football goalkeeper
* Jean-Marie Poiré (born 1945), a French film director, writer and producer
* Jean-Marie Poitras (1918–2009), a former Canadian senator
* Jean-Marie Raoul (1766–1837), a French lawyer and musician
* Jean-Marie Riachi (born 1970), a Lebanese arranger, composer and record producer
* Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière (1734–1793), a French statesman
* Jean-Marie Rouart (born 1943), a French novelist, essayist and journalist
* Jean-Marie Souriau, a mathematician
* Jean-Marie Straub (1933–2022), a French filmmaker
* Jean-Marie Tjibaou (1936–1989), an Oceanian politician
* Jean-Marie Toulouse (born 1942), a Canadian academic
* Jean-Marie Trappeniers (1942–2016), a Belgian football goalkeeper
* Jean-Marie Villot (1905–1979), a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church
People with the surname
* Lincoln Jean-Marie (born 1966), a British singer
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Page:The Complete Peerage Ed 1 Vol 4.djvu/151
HAMILTON. 153 He m., 28 Nov. 1032, Jean, 4th da. of Gw.vge (Gordon), 1st Marquess of Huntly [S.], by Henrietta, da. of Esme (Stewart), Puke at Lennox [S.] He d. 11 Juno 1638, and was lur. at Leakpatrick, c:>. Tyrone. His widow m. Sir Phelim O'Keil who in the rebellion of 1041 had taken her prisoner and burnt her Castle of Strabane. III. 1C38. o. James (Hamilton), Baron Hamilton of Strabane [I.], 1st s. and h. He joined his stepfather in July 1050 against the Pari, forces. He d. s.p., 16 June 1055 (" a recusant ") being drowned while bathing in the river Maine at Ballyfatty near Strabane. IV. 165!'). 4- George (Hamilton), Babon Hamilton of Strabane [I.], br. and h. He m. Elizabeth, da. and finally sole h. of Christopher Faoak, of Feltrim, co. Dublin. He d. 11 April 1668, and was bur. at St. Mechlin's Church, near Hush. M.I. His wife survived hitu. V. 1C68. 5. Claud (Hamilton), Baron Hamilton of "j Stbabank [I.J, s. and h., bap. 13 Sep. 1659, at St. Audoen's Dublin. By the death of his cousin about 1680, he became Earl op Abercobn, &c. [S.] He d. unni. 1690, being outlawed (after his death) 11 May 1691. VI. 1690. 6. Charles (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn, &c. [S.], also Babon Hamilton of Strabane [I.], br. and h., obtained a reversal of his brother's outlawly, 24 May 1692, and took his seat in the House of Lords [I.], 31 Aug. 1695. He d. s.p. at Strabane, June 1701. VII. 1701. 7. James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn, &c. [S.], also Baron Hamilton of Strabane [I.], cousin and h. male, being s. and h. of Col. James Hamilton, who was s. and h. ap. of Sir George Hamilton, 4th s. of the 1st Earl of Abercorn. He sue. to the Irish peerage (under the spec. ran. in its creation) as heir male of the body of the grantee's father, the said 1st Earl. He was cr. 2 Sep. 1701, BARON MOUNTCASTLE, co. Tyrone and VISCOUNT STRABANE [I.] He d. 28 Sep. 1734, aged 73. VIII. 1734. 6'. James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn, &c. [S.], also Viscount Strabane, Baron Hamilton of Stra- bane, &c. [I.], s. and h. ; b. 22 March 1685/6 ; d. 11 Jan. 1743/4. IX. 1744. 9. James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn, &c. [S.J, also Viscount Strabane, Baron Hamilton of Strabane, &c. [I.], s. and h., b. 22 Oct. 1712. He was cr. 24 Aug. 1786, VISCOUNT HAMILTON [G. B.J with a spec. rem. in favour of his nephew mentioned below. He d, unm. 9 Oct. 1789, in bis 77th year. X. 1789. 10. John James (Hamilton), Earl of Abercorn, &c. [S.], also Viscount Hamilton [G. B.], and also Viscount Strabane, Baron Hamilton of Strabane, Sac. [I.], nephew and h. He was b. 6 July 1756, and was cr. 15 Oct. 1790, MARQUESS OF ABERCORN [G. B.] He d. 27 Jan. 1818. XI. 1818. 11. James (Hamilton), Marquess of Aber- TVTc.™„«=.,«,o+*> n i corn and Viscount Hamilton, [G. B.], also Earl of ■uiurquessaxe U-j ^beroorm, &c. [S.], also Viscount Strabane, Baron I. 1868. Hamilton of Strabane and Baron Mountcastle [I.], grandson and h. He was b. 21 Jan. 1811, and was cr. 10 Aug. 1868, MARQUESS OF HAMILTON OF STRABANE, co. Tyrone, and DUKE OF ABERCORN [I.] See that title.
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Page:The Solar System - Six Lectures - Lowell.djvu/129
Either, then, Jupiter's present comet family has been of very slow growth, and each comet remains for a long time in the family, or it is made up only of short-period comets drawn from the immediate neighborhood.
Now, comets appear to be ephemeral things, being easily disintegrated into meteor swarms, and never abiding long in one stay. Thus the latter supposition seems on the face of it the more likely.
We may conclude provisionally that Jupiter's comet family came from the neighborhood.
It is certain that Jupiter has swept his neighborhood of such comets as do not fulfill the criterion of the angle $$\scriptstyle \chi$$; that is, of all the comets actually or potentially retrograde. If we consider the comet aphelia of short-period comets, we shall notice that they are clustered about the path of Jupiter and the path of Saturn, thinning out to a neutral ground between, where there are none. Two thirds way from Jupiter's orbit to Saturn's, space is clear of them, the centre of the gap falling at 8.4 astronomical units from the Sun.
Let us consider the mean comet; that is, a comet having the mean inclination of parabolic comets, the mean perihelion distance of the comets of Jupiter's family, such being the distance most likely to disclose them to us, and let this
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Page:The academic questions, treatise de finibus, and Tusculan disputations.djvu/175
gence. None of us imagine that debauched men of that sort live pleasantly. You, however, rather mean to speak of refined and elegant bons vivans, men who, by the employment of the most skilful cooks and bakers, and by carefully culling the choicest products of fishermen, fowlers, and hunters, avoid all indigestion—
As Lucilius says, men who
and so on—men in the enjoyment of luxuries such that, if they are taken away, Epicurus says that he does not know what there is that can be called good. Let them also have beautiful boys to attend upon them; let their clothes, their plate, their articles of Corinthian vertu, the banqueting-room itself, all correspond, still I should never be induced to say that these men so devoted to luxury were living either well or happily. From which it follows, not indeed that pleasure is not pleasure, but that pleasure is not the chief good. Nor was Lælius, who, when a young man, was a pupil of Diogenes the Stoic, and afterwards of Panætius, called a wise man because he did not understand what was most pleasant to the taste, (for it does not follow that the man who has a discerning heart must necessarily have a palate destitute of discernment,) but because he thought it of but small importance.
And it was well said by Lælius, and he may be truly called a wise man,—
The man who says this is one who, as he attributes no importance to pleasure himself, denies that the man feasts well who refers everything to pleasure. And yet he does not deny that Gallonius has at times feasted as he wished; for that would
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This is an alternative site for discovering Elm packages. You may be looking for the official Elm package site instead.
1.0.0
A customizable autocomplete component
version 1.0.1
license BSD3
native-modules False
elm-version 0.18.0 <= v < 0.19.0
Tag 1.0.1
Committed At 2018-02-21 10:08:06 UTC
elm-lang/keyboard 1.0.0 <= v < 2.0.0 1.0.1
elm-lang/html 2.0.0 <= v < 3.0.0 2.0.0
elm-lang/core 5.0.0 <= v < 6.0.0 5.1.1
Modules
README
Elm Autocomplete
!!! Fork of http://package.elm-lang.org/packages/thebritican/elm-autocomplete/latest
Per discussion in #37, this library will be moved into elm-menu (Since it's really just a menu currently). The AccessibleExample (with a simple API and included input field) will be the mostly drop-in solution for this library. If you want to build more complicated features (like mentions), use elm-menu after the work is done porting it! Meanwhile, you'll have to copy/paste the example... obviously not ideal! The motivation here: no one wants to have 300 lines of boilerplate for the common case of a typical form autocomplete!
Build Status
Demo
Checkout the landing page inspired by React Autosuggest's page design
Autocomplete menus have just enough functionality to be tedious to implement again and again. This is a flexible library for handling the needs of many different autocompletes.
Your data is stored separately; keep it in whatever shape makes the most sense for your application.
Make an issue if this library cannot handle your scenario and we'll investigate together if it makes sense in the larger context!
I recommend looking at the examples before diving into the API or source code!
Usage Rules
• Always put Autocomplete.State in your model.
• Never put any Config in your model.
Design inspired by elm-sortable-table.
Read about why these usage rules are good rules here.
The API Design Session video w/ Evan Czaplicki (@evancz) that brought us to this API.
Installation
elm-package install akoppela/elm-autocomplete
Setup
import Autocomplete
type alias Model =
{ autoState : Autocomplete.State -- Own the State of the menu in your model
, query : String -- Perhaps you want to filter by a string?
, people : List Person -- The data you want to list and filter
}
-- Let's filter the data however we want
acceptablePeople : String -> List Person -> List Person
acceptablePeople query people =
let
lowerQuery =
String.toLower query
in
List.filter (String.contains lowerQuery << String.toLower << .name) people
-- Set up what will happen with your menu updates
updateConfig : Autocomplete.UpdateConfig Msg Person
updateConfig =
Autocomplete.updateConfig
{ toId = .name
, onKeyDown =
\code maybeId ->
if code == 13 then
Maybe.map SelectPerson maybeId
else
Nothing
, onTooLow = Nothing
, onTooHigh = Nothing
, onMouseEnter = \_ -> Nothing
, onMouseLeave = \_ -> Nothing
, onMouseClick = \id -> Just <| SelectPerson id
, separateSelections = False
}
type Msg
= SetAutocompleteState Autocomplete.Msg
update : Msg -> Model -> Model
update msg { autoState, query, people, howManyToShow } =
case msg of
SetAutocompleteState autoMsg ->
let
(newState, maybeMsg) =
Autocomplete.update updateConfig autoMsg howManyToShow autoState (acceptablePeople query people)
in
{ model | autoState = newState }
-- setup for your autocomplete view
viewConfig : Autocomplete.ViewConfig Person
viewConfig =
let
customizedLi keySelected mouseSelected person =
{ attributes = [ classList [ ("autocomplete-item", True), ("is-selected", keySelected || mouseSelected) ] ]
, children = [ Html.text person.name ]
}
in
Autocomplete.viewConfig
{ toId = .name
, ul = [ class "autocomplete-list" ] -- set classes for your list
, li = customizedLi -- given selection states and a person, create some Html!
}
-- and let's show it! (See an example for the full code snippet)
view : Model -> Html Msg
view { autoState, query, people } =
div []
[ input [ onInput SetQuery ] []
, Html.App.map SetAutocompleteState (Autocomplete.view viewConfig 5 autoState (acceptablePeople query people))
]
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Santorum postpones South Carolina tour | TheHill
Rick Santorum has postponed his 46-county tour in South Carolina, his presidential campaign announced Wednesday. The Republican hopeful had planned to start his tour of South Carolina on Wednesday, with events in York, Cherokee, Spartanburg, Abbeville and Aiken before the state's primary on Feb. 20. The campaign announced the "inVest in America Tour" would be postponed and said the former Pennsylvania senator would take part in media activities in Washington on Wednesday. "The Santorum Campaign is working to reschedule the Senator’s events and he looks forward to returning to South Carolina soon," the campaign said in a statement. Santorum, who won the 2012 Iowa caucuses, received only 1 percent support from Republican voters Monday night. He also has less than 1 percent support nationally, according to the RealClearPolitics average of polls. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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Christopher Addison, 2nd Viscount Addison
Christopher Addison, 2nd Viscount Addison (8 December 1904 – 18 November 1976), was a British peer. The son of Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison, he succeeded the viscountcy on the death of his father in 1951.
Lord Addison married Brigit Helen Christine Williams (d. 1980), on 10 September 1928, with whom he had the following children:
* Hon. Jacqueline Faith Addison (b. 2 March 1944)
* Hon. Christine Gray Addison (b. 3 September 1946)
As he left no male heir, he was succeeded by his brother Michael.
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Comment 38 for bug 595265
I finally got it to work on my laptop (17', 1440x900)...
I couldn't get the process of logging on facebook to work most likely because firefox wasn't the default browser (google-chrome was, and no matter what i did the 'Add' button could not be seen (neither on a 1920x1080 tv) ). I tried the browser stuff with both firefox and google-chrome, but untill i set firefox as the default browser it wouldn't work. So here are the steps that worked for me:
1- Launch firefox, set it as default browser
2- Went to http://facebook.com/teonimesic using firefox, logged in using teonimesic
3- Opened Gwibber's Accounts, clicked on 'Add...' (on left side) selected facebook, clicked on 'Add' (on right side)
4- Authorized it with 'teonimesic'
5- The 'Add' button appeared, and i could save it.
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Vivek Shanbhag
Vivek Shanbhag is an Indian story writer, novelist and playwright in Kannada. He is the author of nine works of fiction and three plays, all of which have been published in Kannada. His works have been translated into English and several other Indian languages. Vivek Shanbhag also worked as editor for the literary magazine "Desha Kaala" for 7 years. "Desha Kaala" was considered as one of the best literary magazines in Kannada.
Shanbhag was a Writer in Residence at the International Writing Program at the University of Iowa during the fall of 2016. Vivek Shanbhag is considered one of the finest writers of Kannada Literature. "Huli Savaari", "Kantu", "Noolina Eni", "Guruthu", "Langaru", "Ankura", "Mattobbana Samsara", "Sharvana Services", "Ghachar Gochar", "Innu Ondu", "Ondu Badi Kadalu" and "Ooru Bhanga" are his best contribution to the Kannada fiction. His short stories and novels are highly praised by critics. Through his 2013 novella Ghachar Gochar he got huge recognition as a writer from all over the world.
Collection of Short Stories
* Ankura (1985)
* Langaru (1992)
* Huli Savaari (1995)
* Mattobbana Samsara (2005)
Novella
* Ghachar Ghochar (2013)
Novels
* Innu Ondu (2001)
* Ondu Badi Kadalu (2007)
* Ooru Bhanga (2015)
* Sakinala Muttu (2021), translated into English as Sakina’s Kiss (2023)
Plays
* Sakkare Gombe (1999)
* Bahumukhi (2007)
* Illiruvudu Summane (2021)
Editor
* Sirigannada [English] (2001)
* Srikrishna Alanahalli Vaachike (2010)
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Talk:Buckroe Beach, Hampton, Virginia
Was the trolley line Hampton & Langley Feilds or Newport News & Old Point Ry & Electric Co.?
Question answered see below:
It was the Newport News & Hampton Ry Gas & Electric Co. I have a pamphlett describing the routes and what to see along the way, with a map dated 1914.
There is a postcard from 1907 showing a C&O excursion train from Richmond unloading passengers at the beach, with a 4-4-0 for power, a wooden baggage car, and roughly 7 coaches. Other postcards show company trollies at various locations in both Newport Hews and Hampton, including Old Point Comfort.
The electric Hampton and Langley Field Ry served exactly what was stated in the title. It ran from Brights Creek near the C&O's Hampton station along what is now King St., to Langley Field. There is very little evidence of its route left today, however. The most visible evidence is the remains of the wooden trestle across the Southwest Branch of back River, going onto the base at the King St gate. There are some older telephone poles along the route with some ornate lighting fixtures, and railroad spikes driven into them, that MAY have been from that operation.
Russell Underwood
Name of Community
I thought the community was called Buckroe, and Buckroe Beach was the beach at Buckroe. Shouldn't the article simply be "Buckroe"? DeknMike (talk) 17:10, 29 May 2018 (UTC)
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Does TCC improve CMD's implementation of ECHO?
Apr 13, 2010
236
3
58
The Hague
#1
An ECHO command immediately followed by a dot, is commonly used to output an empty line. I read on StackExchange that under CMD that triggers a search for a file? The advice given was to use (almost) any *but* the dot. Does TCC have the same issue? If so, what is the preferred method of typing an empty line?
Jun 2, 2008
295
1
#4
Sure enough. How odd.
Code:
Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\>echo.
C:\>copy con echo
Test!^Z
1 file(s) copied.
C:\>echo.
'echo.' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.
C:\>del echo
C:\>echo.
C:\>
Apr 13, 2010
236
3
58
The Hague
#5
ECHO in TCC does not trigger a search for a file. I'm not aware of it doing that under CMD either -- do you have a link to that thread on StackExchange?
That was https://stackoverflow.com/questions/132799/how-can-you-echo-a-newline-in-batch-files?rq=1
Some very creative code, must say,... if you're looking for test-cases to test TCC's compatibility with CMD.
So - just to be clear - there is no difference in performance then, triggered by the actual character following the ECHO command in TCC?
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Rennell White-eye (Zosterops rennellianus): request for information.
BirdLife species factsheet for Rennel White-eye
The Rennell White-eye (Zosterops rennellianus) is found only on the island of Rennell in the Solomon Islands. It is found in forest, especially forest edge, and is less common in regrowth and scrub (van Balen 2019). Its population size has not been estimated, but it has been reported to be common and widespread within its range, although it is also said to be one of the less common passerines on Rennell (van Balen 2019). It is currently listed as Least Concern.
We have received reports that Bauxite mining has recently been underway in Rennell (Hughes and Tuhanuku 2015, M. O’Brien in litt. 2018). Hence, we are undertaking a review of the species’s Red List Category.
Our current information on the species’s conservation status will now be compared to all Red List Criteria.
Criterion A – We have no direct data on population trends. An analysis of forest loss from 2000-2012 found that forest was lost within the species’s range at a rate equivalent to 2% over three generations (Tracewski et al. 2016). Assuming that any population reduction occurring is the result of forest loss, it is unlikely that the population has undergone a reduction approaching 30% over the last three generations, and we do not have evidence to indicate that it will do so over the next three generations (10.5 years). The species is therefore assessed as Least Concern under this criterion.
Criterion B – The species’s Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is estimated at 1,200 km2. This meets the threshold for Endangered under Criterion B1. The species’s Area of Occupancy (AOO) has not been quantified, but based on a 4 km2 grid placed over the area of mapped range, must be smaller than 1,476 km2. This meets the threshold for Vulnerable under Criterion B2. However, to list the species as threatened on the Red List under Criterion B, two of conditions a-c must also be met.
The species is not severely fragmented. The main known potential threat to the species is considered to be forest loss, which has been estimated to be occurring at a rate of 2% across three generations (10.5 years; Tracewski et al. 2016). The species is therefore not likely to have 10 or fewer locations, meaning that condition a is not met. If there is information to indicate a greater rate of forest loss, or a different threat having a greater impact on the species, the number of locations could be revised. Forest loss data suggests a low rate of forest loss within the species’s range (Tracewski et al. 2016). Ongoing mining is thought to be contributing to forest loss within the species’s range (Hughes and Tuhanuku 2015, M. O’Brien in litt. 2018). However, this species occurs in forest edge habitats, so its population size may not be negatively affected by forest loss. If there is information that indicates that habitat loss, including that caused by mining, is causing a continuing decline in the area or quality of the species’s habitat, then condition b would be met. There is no evidence that the species’s population or range size are undergoing extreme fluctuations. Condition c is not met.
The species’s EOO falls beneath the threshold for listing the species as Endangered, and its AOO falls beneath the threshold for Vulnerable. However, it is not clear that two of the three conditions are met. If there is evidence to suggest that the species has 10 or fewer locations (according to the IUCN definition) and that there is a continuing decline in habitat area or quality, then the species could qualify as Vulnerable or Endangered under Criterion B. If not, the species could qualify as Near Threatened or Least Concern under this criterion.
Criterion C – To our knowledge, no surveys of this species’s population have been undertaken, but it has been described as common and widespread within its range, although one of the less common passerines on Rennell (van Balen 2019). Based on the area of the species’s mapped range (973 km2), the first quartile and median recorded population densities of other Zosterops species in Asia and the Pacific, and assuming that 13-45% of the range is occupied, the species’s population size is estimated to fall within the broad range 8,800 – 75,800 mature individuals. A recent analysis based on land cover data and a population density model estimated the population size at c.11,700 mature individuals (Santini et al. 2019). This wide range of population size estimates could qualify the species for listing as Vulnerable, Near Threatened or Least Concern, depending on where the true population size is most likely to fall. However, to list the species as threatened on the Red List under Criterion C further conditions must also be met.
The rate of forest loss indicated by remote-sensed tree cover data is low (Tracewski et al. 2016). Additionally, this species occurs in forest edge habitats, so its population size may not be negatively affected by forest loss. If there is further information to indicate that the species’s habitat is being lost or degraded at a higher rate than the remote-sensed data suggests, or from which we can infer that the species’s population is declining, then the species may be considered to be undergoing a continuing decline. We do not have population data from which to estimate the rate of decline, so the species does not warrant listing as threatened under Criterion C1.
There is no evidence that the species has multiple subpopulations, so the species’s population is not composed of separate subpopulations of up to 1,000 mature individuals, meaning that the species would not meet condition 2a(i). The species therefore has a single subpopulation, meaning that it meets condition 2a(ii). There is no evidence that the species’s population size is undergoing extreme fluctuations so the species doesn’t meet condition b.
Based on the information stated above, the species could qualify for listing as Vulnerable, Near Threatened or Least Concern under Criterion C. The decision on which category to use depends on the best estimate of population size and whether the best information indicates that the population is likely to be undergoing a continuing decline.
Criterion D – Based on the population estimates described above, the species’s population size does not meet or approach the threshold for Vulnerable under Criterion D. The species is therefore assessed as Least Concern under Criterion D.
Criterion E – To the best of our knowledge no quantitative assessment of the probability of extinction has been conducted for this species, and so it cannot be assessed against this criterion.
To allow us to achieve a clearer assessment of the species’s status, information is requested on this species’s conservation status. We particularly request information on threats which may be impacting this species, the rate or extent of habitat loss that is underway within the species’s range and the species’s likely population size.
Please note that this topic is not designed to be a general discussion about the ecology of the species, rather a discussion of the species’s Red List status. Therefore, please make sure your comments are about the proposed listing.
An information booklet on the Red List Categories and Criteria can be downloaded here and the Red List Criteria Summary Sheet can be downloaded here. Detailed guidance on IUCN Red List terms and definitions and the application of the Red List Categories and Criteria can be downloaded here.
References
Hughes, T.; Tuhanuku, A. (2015) Report to World Bank and Solomon Islands Government – Logging and Mining in Rennell: Lessons for Solomon Islands. Retrieved from http://www.devpolicy.org/rennell-island-two-halves-20170725/ on 22 February 2019.
Santini, L., Butchart, S. H., Rondinini, C., Benítez‐López, A., Hilbers, J. P., Schipper, A., Cengic, M., Tobias, J. A. and Huijbregts, M. A. (2019) Applying habitat and population‐density models to land‐cover time series to inform IUCN red list assessments. Conservation Biology https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13279.
Tracewski, Ł.., Butchart, S. H. M., Di Marco, M., Ficetola, G. F., Rondinini, C., Symes, A., Wheatley, H., Beresford, A. E. & Buchanan, G. M. (2016) Toward quantification of the impact of 21st-century deforestation on the extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates. Conservation Biology 30: 1070-1079.
van Balen, B. (2019) Rennell White-eye (Zosterops rennellianus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Retrieved from https://www.hbw.com/node/60199 on 19 February 2019.
This entry was posted in Pacific and tagged , . Bookmark the permalink.
1 Response to Rennell White-eye (Zosterops rennellianus): request for information.
1. Hannah Wheatley (BirdLife) says:
Preliminary proposal
Based on available information, our preliminary proposal for the 2019 Red List would be to retain the species as Least Concern.
There is now a period for further comments until the final deadline in mid-July, after which the recommended categorisations will be put forward to IUCN.
Please note that we will then only post final recommended categorisations on forum discussions where these differ from those in the initial proposal.
The final 2019 Red List categories will be published on the BirdLife and IUCN websites in December, following further checking of information relevant to the assessments by both BirdLife and IUCN.
Comments are closed.
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Page:Arthur Machen, The Secret Glory, 1922.djvu/208
The Secret Glory waited for Cadwaladr to return. I reverenced his teaching, I still reverence it, and agree that we must conform; but in my heart I have always doubted whether moderate Anglicanism be Christianity in any sense, whether it even deserves to be called a religion at all. I do not doubt, of course, that many truly religious people have professed it: I speak of the system, and of the atmosphere which emanates from it. And when the Public School éthos is added to this—well, the resultant teaching comes pretty much to the dogma that Heaven and the Head are strict allies. One must not degenerate into ecclesiastical controversy; I merely want to say that I never dreamed of looking for religion in our Chapel services. No doubt the Te Deum was still the Te Deum, but the noblest of hymns is degraded, obscured, defiled, made ridiculous, if you marry it to a tune that would disgrace a penny gaff. Personally, I think that the airs on the piano-organs are much more reverend compositions than Anglican chants, and I am sure that many popular hymn tunes are vastly inferior in solemnity to 'E Dunno where 'e are.
"No; the religion that led me and drew me and compelled me was that wonderful and doubtful mythos of the Celtic Church. It was the study—nay, more than the study, the enthusiasm—of my father's life; and as I was literally bap- 192
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Asia gets more European naphtha but Saudi factor supports prices
SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Naphtha arrivals in Asia this month from the West including Europe and the Mediterranean are seen recovering from a three-month low in September to a two-month high of about 1.3 million tonnes, industry sources said on Tuesday. But this lags the monthly average of 1.5 million tonnes for the first nine months of this year, data from Reuters and Refinitiv Oil Research showed. Spot prices, which had risen in late September to levels not seen since the first half of 2018, would stay supported as a result. The Sept. 14 attacks on Saudi Arabian oil facilities had flipped the market around as state oil company Aramco went on a buying spree to plug its gaps. “The prompt-month supply length is gone after the attacks,” an industry source based in North Asia said. Based on data from IHS Markit, Saudi’s naphtha production is estimated to be 100,000 to 150,000 tonnes lower in September/October following the attacks. “Gasoline production lost is about 100,000 to 150,000 barrels per day,” said Matthew Chew, principal oil analyst at IHS Markit. Since the attacks, Aramco had swept up 130,000 tonnes of naphtha from India, and drove premiums for Chennai cargoes to a 6-1/2-year high. It also bought at least 120,000 tonnes of European naphtha for Nov. 1-3 arrival in Asia. “Our view is that the Asian naphtha market will continue to recover towards the end of this year,” said Chew, adding that naphtha demand was also seasonally stronger during the year-end. Apart from supply disruptions, most crackers have completed their maintenance with the exception of a handful such as South Korea’s Lotte Chemical and Taiwan’s CPC. Changes to be made in the shipping industry starting in 2020 in which marine fuel sulfur content will be capped at 0.5% would likely lead to stronger demand for naphtha as it is also a blendstock for gasoline, Chew said. Secondary units such as residue fluid catalytic crackers (RFCCs) use fuel oil as a feedstock to make gasoline but refiners could divert the former into bunker fuel instead. Eyes are now on cargoes for November/December arrival, especially when freight rates are high due to sanctions on tanker subsidiaries of China’s COSCO by Washington at a time of strong fundamentals. Reporting by Seng Li Peng; Editing by Dale Hudson; mailto:lipeng.seng@thomsonreuters.com; +65 6870 3086; Reuters Messaging: rm://lipeng.seng.thomsonreuters.com@reuters.net
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Milton Keynes University Hospital
Milton Keynes University Hospital is a district general hospital serving the City of Milton Keynes and the surrounding area of Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire, Bedfordshire and Oxfordshire. It is located in the Eaglestone neighbourhood, and opened in 1984. It is managed by Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust. The hospital has an association with the University of Buckingham Medical School.
History
Although Milton Keynes built up rapidly in the 1960s and 1970s, its growing population had to rely on Stoke Mandeville Hospital and Northampton General Hospital. A campaign "Milton Keynes is Dying for a Hospital" was mounted in the 1970s, leading to the construction of a four-ward community hospital that opened in 1979. At the opening of the shopping building in September 1979, Lord Campbell successfully lobbied the Prime Minister for a hospital appropriate to the planned population of the city and work began on the construction of the main hospital in 1980. The new hospital opened in 1984, with a second phase being erected 1988–1992. Both phases of the hospital were opened by the Duchess of Kent. Further expansions, including a 60-bed treatment centre, followed in the early 21st century. In 2007 the hospital announced it had been awarded NHS Foundation Trust status.
University teaching hospital
In March 2015, the Hospital Trust agreed to provide clinical teaching facilities to the University of Buckingham, and renamed itself a "university hospital trust" accordingly. The university's school of medicine offers MBChB degrees and MD postgraduate degrees. In its first year of inviting applications, the university received 500 applications for its £35,000 a year undergraduate medicine course. Construction of a new building to provide teaching and study space for medical students began in 2017. The building was officially opened in February 2018.
Redevelopment and expansion
In October 2022, the new "Maple Centre" opened beside A&E (replacing the former "Maple Unit", a nominally temporary building). Its purpose is to ease the pressure on A&E by treating less serious cases.
Construction work on a new radiotherapy centre began in December 2022.
Services
Mental health services and community health services on the hospital site (at the Campbell Centre and Eaglestone Health Centre) are managed by Milton Keynes Community Health Services, which was acquired by Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust in April 2012.
Performance
In December 2013 it was announced that Monitor was reviewing health services in Bedfordshire and Milton Keynes in an attempt to avert "significant problems ahead" in the local hospitals.
The trust did poorly in the 2014 cancer patient experience survey and in February 2015 agreed to pair up with Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, which did very well, in a scheme intended to "spread and accelerate innovative practice via peer to peer support and learning". Following its inspection, the Care Quality Commission (CQC) advised, in March 2015, that the trust "requires improvement". Following that the CQC carried out an unannounced inspection to the trust on 12, 13 and 17 July 2016, to check how improvements had been made in the urgent and emergency care, medical care and end of life care core services. They also inspected the maternity and gynaecology service. Overall, CQC inspected all five key questions for the urgent and emergency care and medical care core services and found that improvements had been made so that both core services were now rated as "good" overall. The trust was rated "worse than expected" over care for women giving birth. The trust was again graded as "good" overall in 2019.
Staffing
It was named by the Health Service Journal as one of the top hundred NHS trusts to work for in 2015. At that time it had 2623 full-time equivalent staff and a sickness absence rate of 3.99%. 61% of staff recommend it as a place for treatment and 58% recommended it as a place to work. The trust halved its £21m agency spend between 2015 and 2019 after introducing a series of workforce benefits. The electronic rostering system has been particularly successful.
Location
The hospital is just south of Central Milton Keynes, off Standing Way (A421, H8) near its junction with Marlborough Street (B4034, V8). It is well served by public transport.
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WIKI
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André Chorda
André Chorda (20 February 1938 – 18 June 1998) was a French footballer who played as a defender. He played for France in the 1966 FIFA World Cup.
Titles
* French championship in 1959 with OGC Nice
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Hubble Studies Sequences Of Star Formation In Neighbouring Galaxy
02.07.2004
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captures the iridescent tapestry of star birth in a neighbouring galaxy in this panoramic view of glowing gas;; dark dust clouds;; and young;; hot stars.
The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope captures the iridescent tapestry of star birth in a neighbouring galaxy in this panoramic view of glowing gas, dark dust clouds, and young, hot stars. The star-forming region, catalogued as N11B lies in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), located only 160,000 light-years from Earth. With its high resolution, the Hubble Space Telescope is able to view details of star formation in the LMC as easily as ground-based telescopes are able to observe stellar formation within our own Milky Way galaxy.
Our neighbourhood galaxy the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) lies in the Constellation of Dorado and is sprinkled with a number of regions harbouring recent and ongoing star formation. One of these star-forming regions, N11B, is shown in this Hubble image. It is a subregion within a larger area of star formation called N11. N11 is the second largest star-forming region in LMC. It is only surpassed in the size and activity by ‘the king of stellar nurseries’, 30 Doradus, located at the opposite side of LMC.
The image illustrates a perfect case of so-called sequential star formation in a nearby galaxy - new starbirth triggered by old massive stars. The sequence begins with a cluster of stars outside the top of the Hubble image which led to the birth of the collection of blue- and white-coloured stars near the left of this new Hubble image. These stars are among the most massive stars known anywhere in the Universe. The region around the hot stars is relatively clear of gas, because the stellar winds and radiation from the stars have pushed the gas away. When this gas collides with surrounding material, it is compressed and can collapse under its own gravity and start to form new stars. This chain of consecutive star birth episodes has been seen in more distant galaxies, but it is shown very clearly in this Hubble image.
Farther to the right of the image, along the top edge, are several smaller dark clouds, or globules, of interstellar dust with odd and intriguing shapes. They are seen silhouetted against the glowing interstellar gas. Several of these dark globules are bright-rimmed because they are illuminated and are being evaporated by radiation from neighbouring hot stars. A generation of new stars is now being born inside these globules.
In N11 altogether three generations of stars can be found. ‘Grandmother’ stars (outside the top of the Hubble image) that have carved a large superbubble, leading to the birth of the cluster of massive blue-white ‘mother’ stars seen near the top of this image. These in turn gives birth to new star ‘babies’ inside the dark globules.
This image was taken with Hubble’s Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 using filters that isolate light emitted by oxygen (a 1200 seconds exposure) and hydrogen gas (a 1000 seconds exposure). The science team, led by astronomers You-Hua Chu (University of Illinois) and Yäel Nazé (Universite de Liège, Belgium) are comparing these images of N11B, taken in 1999, with similar regions elsewhere in the LMC. This colour rendition was co-produced and is being co-released by the Hubble European Space Agency Information Centre and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI).
Lars Christensen | alfa
Further information:
http://www.eso.org
http://www.spacetelescope.org
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How to Diet
Download the PDF Here!
How to Diet regime
Diet regime and Exercising.
There are lots of matters you can do to master how to eating plan.
If you are like 60% of America, obese, or just want to turn your eating plan into a nutritious a person you are probably pondering what and how to eating plan to eliminate fat and continue to keep it off.
Of training course we know that there are lots of diet programs out there, we have the popular fade ones, the restrictive ones, the ones that ban total teams of foods, tablets, all sorts of workout products, food items applications that supply you every single food and probably every single tip below the sunshine.
After making an attempt lots of matters over 20 decades and executing comprehensive investigate I imagine that you will concur with me that the theory is basic, taking in nutritious and exercising is the critical and basis of most anything at all out there that works.
Now, how do you go about it, specially when we are at a point in our lives where by we are not taking in so effectively and we do not workout as substantially as we would like to.
It looks to me that there is not a basic response, how to eating plan was definitely not an uncomplicated response for me, no magic trick sorry, nonetheless I uncovered that the constant on thriving, prolonged long lasting and even existence-prolonged accomplishment relationships in obtaining or incorporating nutritious behaviors into our lives.
Changing Patterns.
All over again right here, how do we do that?
And the response to this dilemma looks to be in acquiring what works for each individual and every single a person of us.
This response looks basic, and how to eating plan is not, but if you imagine about it a little bit, it is pretty potent, we can only test so substantially of anything at all if it is against what we like or what we can apply or realistically do, so you have to uncover it in you what is it that you can do to master your behaviors, alter them, modify them or acquire new ones.
Although learning how to eating plan I know that you can both test smaller, moderate variations or that often a lower-off approach works very best.
Even so, a combination of the two might be the very best response, I took a lower-off approach some periods and other people a additional gradual -tiny by tiny- approach.
Just one factor that I discovered potent even though learning how to eating plan was acquire a established of rules to manual me, rules like nutrition, knowledge for illustration what your physique needs, on that I uncovered that our bodies need to have diverse vitamins from all teams of foods, it needs proteins, carbs, fiber, sugar, vitamins and certainly, it needs fat also!
Nutrition.
Understanding how to eating plan was also about recognizing the quantities of vitamins that our physique involves every single working day, I uncovered that all those quantities are glad with pretty smaller proportions, for illustration, all the proteins our physique needs appear in a person smaller skinless breast of chicken, all the sugar, the equivalent of 8 teaspoons, arrives in a person solitary powerbar, and a person astonishing piece of info for me was that all the salt our physique needs for each working day is contained in a person solitary olive!
Doing exercises.
To master how to eating plan I had to dig into exercising, on that matter I uncovered for illustration to alter my perception from a person of 'exercising' to 'calorie burning', and that is mainly because our bodies burn energy executing anything at all, even even though we rest , so burning energy does not have to be about rigid cardio exercising, almost nothing wrong with it but we can uncover lots of other ways to burn energy as effectively.
The Role Of Drinking water.
Although searching how to eating plan I also arrived throughout a person significant piece of knowledge and that is the purpose of h2o. I know like you probably know as effectively that h2o is critical to our bodies, what I uncovered that served me is holding our bodies hydrated through the working day will help with the feeling of starvation, that iced h2o for illustration can not be processed by our bodies and it has to heat it up, burning energy in the course of action.
I also uncovered that we often misunderstood messages of starvation from our physique that are really a information of thirst, a person tip I utilised was that if I felt hungry I would consume h2o 1st and then evaluate my actual starvation afterwards.
So right here is an illustration to response how to eating plan when contemplating about pattern breaking, allow's take the purpose of h2o as an illustration:
We can see how a pattern of drinking our each day dose of h2o, 6 to 8 glasses, might not be in our each day routines, so right here is a person pattern alter to master, if you are not drinking enough h2o currently then you have a mini job right here, you can commence ideal away contemplating what is the very best way for you to attain that, some men and women have their h2o bottles all working day, for other people that can not even taste it basic, incorporating flavors or a piece of lime might function, or getting it next to every single food and so forth.
The Suitable Strategy For You.
So learning the rules and then personalizing how to get to the nutritious pattern is what I will recommend the most.
Now, there will be lots of ideas to guide you that might function for you, how to eating plan and dropping fat at the conclude of the working day is about the internet calorie stability involving taken and burned energy and you might uncover it handy to observe what you take in everyday and depend all those energy, and for that you can guide on your own with a calorie table for foods, there are lots of on the world-wide-web, just Google 'calorie tables'.
You can get most principals on how to eating plan just by searching the world-wide-web, nutrition, what our physique needs and in what quantities, from which foods they appear from, food plans so you can put together in progress, templates for calorie counting, several ideas on the purpose of h2o, portion management, 5 or 6 smaller foods as a substitute of a few, what to do for gatherings or like heading to eating places, a loved ones barbeque, weddings and so for and from all that info 'master' a plan that works for you .
You might also uncover it handy to uncover a fat reduction plan that teams with each other all or most of that info for you, I did that, there are some that are not expensive, they commonly supply a food generator, recipes, practical ideas, qualified support and lots of other handy applications.
30 Day Ketogenic Diet Plan Pdf
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User:Jdoren14
In 2015 and 2016 whites currently are responsible for killing more than any other race.
-the Portuguese started the slave trade
-the most elite special forces in the work are the marines
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In cron.log I can see that ntpdate is being triggered from a cron job which is running daily at 23:15
Mar 10 23:15:01 seitan /USR/SBIN/CRON[22407]: (root) CMD (/etc/network/if-up.d/ntpdate)
But I cannot seem to find the cron job that is causing these messages to fill up my syslog
Mar 10 23:15:01 seitan ntpdate[22416]: the NTP socket is in use, exiting
I'm guessing I need to change this cron job to stop the ntp service before this command executes, then start it again afterwards, but I don't know where this is being triggered from. I have checked the cron.daily directory and it only contains a file ntp which only seems to rotate the ntp stats (contents below):
#!/bin/sh
# The default Debian ntp.conf enables logging of various statistics to
# the /var/log/ntpstats directory. The daemon automatically changes
# to a new datestamped set of files at midnight, so all we need to do
# is delete old ones, and compress the ones we're keeping so disk
# usage is controlled.
statsdir=$(cat /etc/ntp.conf | grep -v '^#' | sed -n 's/statsdir \([^ ][^ ]*\)/\1/p')
if [ -n "$statsdir" ] && [ -d "$statsdir" ]; then
# only keep a week's depth of these
find "$statsdir" -type f -mtime +7 -exec rm {} \;
# compress whatever is left to save space
cd "$statsdir"
ls *stats.???????? > /dev/null 2>&1
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
# Note that gzip won't compress the file names that
# are hard links to the live/current files, so this
# compresses yesterday and previous, leaving the live
# log alone. We supress the warnings gzip issues
# about not compressing the linked file.
gzip --best --quiet *stats.????????
return=$?
case $return in
2)
exit 0 # squash all warnings
;;
*)
exit $return # but let real errors through
;;
esac
fi
fi
I have never touched any of the ntp configuration in the system.
• change this cron job to stop the ntp service before this command executes - No, don't do this. The NTP server needs to stay running for the most precise time. If you have a correctly configured ntp daemon, then do not use ntpdate. – Zoredache Mar 12 '15 at 17:33
• I never changed any of these settings so I don't know where it's being triggered from in order to deactivate the ntpdate cron job – runningonplants Mar 12 '15 at 17:38
• 1
Tell us more about your system then? What distro? How did it get installed (is it a hosted VM)? With more details about your system, someone might know where the default jobs are configured. Past that I would just do a cd /etc ; grep ntpdate * -R and cd /var/spool/cron ; grep ntpdate * -R. Figure out the purpose of each matching file. – Zoredache Mar 12 '15 at 17:52
• @Zoredache thank you - /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root had the line containing the ntpdate cron job! If you'd like to enter that as an answer I will mark it correct – runningonplants Mar 12 '15 at 18:22
2
If you have ntp running and configured correctly, there should be no need to run ntpdate at all.
All I typically use it for is to manually set the clock during installation.
• Thanks, see my edit - I have never touched any of the ntp configuration in the system. – runningonplants Mar 12 '15 at 17:33
• Remove or disable ntpdate it may be leftover from an old version. ntp now does everything that used to require ntpdate. – BillThor Mar 13 '15 at 0:21
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Csvde
Applies To: Windows Server 2008
Csvde
Imports and exports data from Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) using files that store data in the comma-separated value (CSV) format. You can also support batch operations based on the CSV file format standard.
Syntax
csvde [-i] [-f FileName] [-s ServerName] [-c String1 String2] [-v] [-j Path] [-t PortNumber] [-d BaseDN] [-r LDAPFilter] [-p Scope] [-l LDAPAttributeList] [-o LDAPAttributeList] [-g] [-m] [-n] [-k] [-a UserDistinguishedName Password] [-b UserName Domain Password]
Parameters
-i
Specifies the import mode. If the import mode is not specified, the default mode is export.
-f FileName
Identifies the import or export file name.
-s ServerName
Specifies the domain controller to perform the import or export operation.
-c String1 String2
Replaces all occurrences of String1 with String2. You generally use this when you importing from one domain to another and the distinguished name of the export domain (String1) must be replaced with the distinguished name of the import domain (String2).
-v
Sets verbose mode.
-j Path
Sets the log file location. The default is the current path.
-t PortNumber
Specifies a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) port number. The default LDAP port is 389. The global catalog port is 3268.
-d BaseDN
Sets the distinguished name of the search base for data export.
-r LDAPFilter
Creates an LDAP search filter for data export.
-p Scope
Sets the search scope. Search scope options are Base, OneLevel, or SubTree.
-l LDAPAttributeList
Sets the list of attributes to appear in the results of an export query. If this parameter is omitted, all attributes are returned.
-o LDAPAttributeList
Sets the list of attributes to be omitted from the results of an export query. You typically use this when you export objects from Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and then import them into another LDAP-compliant directory. If the attributes are not supported by another directory, you can omit the attributes from the result set using this option.
-g
Omits paged searches.
-m
Omits attributes that cannot be written, such as the ObjectGUID and objectSID attributes.
-n
Omits export of binary values.
-k
Ignores errors during the import operation, and continues processing. The following is a complete list of ignored errors:
• Object already exists.
• Constraint violation.
• Attribute or value already exists.
-a UserDistinguishedName Password
Sets the command to run using the supplied UserDistinguishedName and Password. By default, the command runs using the credentials of the user who is currently logged on to the network.
-b UserName Domain Password
Sets the command to run as UserName Domain Password. By default, the command will run using the credentials of the user who is currently logged on to the network.
-?
Displays the command menu.
Remarks
• Applications such as Microsoft Excel are capable of reading and saving data in the CSV format. In addition, Microsoft Exchange Server administration tools are also capable of importing and exporting data using the CSV format, as are many other non-Microsoft tools.
The CSV format consists of one or more lines of data, with each value separated by a comma. The first line (sometimes referred to as the header) of the CSV file must contain the names of each attribute in the same order as the data in any line following the first line.
Example:
CN,FirstName,SurName,Description
FirstUserLogonName,1stUserFirstName,1stUserSurName,Manager
SecondUserLogonName,2ndUserFirstName,2ndUserSurName,President
• You can use csvde -r to create an LDAP search filter for data export. For example, the following filter exports all users with a particular surname:
csvde -r (and(objectClass=User)(sn=SurName))
Formatting legend
Format Meaning
Italic
Information that you supply
Bold
Elements that you type exactly as shown
Ellipsis (...)
A parameter that can be repeated several times in a command line
Between brackets ([])
Optional items
Between braces ({}); choices separated by pipe (|). Example: {even|odd}
A set of choices from which you must choose only one
Courier font
Code or program output
Additional references
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Definition of delay line in English:
delay line
Syllabification: de·lay line
noun
1A device producing a specific desired delay in the transmission of a signal.
More example sentences
• Fortunately for us, we are dealing with digital signals where a delay line can be implemented with nothing more than a FIFO (first in, first out) buffer.
• In response to an input clock signal, the variable delay line produces a delayed output clock signal that is compared at a race detection circuit to the input clock signal.
• Then at least one electrical delay line delays the input signal.
1.1A set of mirrors controlling the path lengths between outlying telescopes and a central receiver.
More example sentences
• By integrating this source with a delay line and a broadband, grazing-incidence toroidal mirror, the researchers generated odd phase-locked harmonics of the laser frequency up to very high orders.
Definition of delay line in:
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Word of the day oleaginous
Pronunciation: ˌəʊlɪˈadʒɪnəs
adjective
rich in, covered with, or producing oil; oily
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Aqcha District
Aqcha is a district situated in the central part of Jowzjan province in northern Afghanistan. It borders Mardyan and Mingajik districts to the north, Sheberghan District to the West, Sar-e Pol Province to the south and Fayzabad District to the east. In 2012, the population was greater than 100,652. The district capital is the city of Aqcha, which is situated in the northern, more populated part of the district. The region is known for traditional carpets and rugs. The main road from Sheberghan to Mazar-i-Sharif passes a few kilometers south of the city of Aqcha.
The Taliban's shadow governor of Aqcha District was arrested with two others on the night of Sunday, 27 October 2013 as part of an operation carried out jointly between Afghan and coalition troops. The man went by the name of Jawid or Qari Shafiqullah.
District Map
* Map of Settlements AIMS, 2002
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Talk:Stansfield Turner
Untitled
ca find a video with him inside called "Uncovered: The Whole Truth About The Iraq War " on video google but no mention in this article Stansfield Turner was born in the Russian Empire. Stansfield is the child of Vlas Chubar. WWII was a Bolshevik diversion. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:59, 24 October 2011 (UTC)
Medals & Ribbons
What is shown in this section does not match what he is wearing in the picture. Also shows 4 ribbons in a row in section, picture shows 3 ribbons in a row. Navy to my knowledge never wore ribbons 4 in a row. Wfoj3 (talk) 00:42, 19 October 2015 (UTC)
External link to interview on nuclear policy?
Would an interview with Stansfield Turner from 1987 be useful here as an external link? Focus of conversation is nuclear weapons policy. http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_DF6B3D7813E841FEA6428E096EEE2370 (I helped with the site, so it would be conflict of interest for me to just add it.) Mccallucc (talk) 16:18, 24 March 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20060526151923/http://www.parascope.com/ds/documentslibrary/documents/mkultrahearing/mkultraHearing02.htm to http://www.parascope.com/ds/documentslibrary/documents/mkultrahearing/mkultraHearing02.htm
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External links modified
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Hay And Barn
Be Allergy Aware
According to Webster’s Dictionary, the definition of awareness is “knowledge or perception of a situation or fact.” The fact is many people have allergies and don’t realize it. If you don’t know or have the perception you may have allergies, how can you possibly manage and treat them effectively?
What are the symptoms of seasonal allergies?
• Sneezing! Sometimes many times in a row. Caution: don’t hold back a sneeze— serious complications including esophageal laceration and air bubbles into the brain may occur!
• Itching! Nose, eyes, deep in the ears, palate and throat itching is annoying. If it itches, it is likely an allergy.
• Runny nose: clear, drippy runny nose…like a faucet!
• Nasal congestion: stuffy nose, plugged up ears, feeling of nose plugging up on one side then alternating to the other side. Stuffiness tends to be the most common complaint that interferes with quality of life.
• Eyes symptoms: watery, puffy, red and itchy. Sometimes the swelling of the eyelids can be dramatic.
• Fatigue: yes, that general feeling of un-wellness with lack of energy can affect your work, school or social life.
Timing:
• A person may feel like they have a “cold,” but symptoms persist for weeks (a pollen season), intermittent (around pets) or even year around (perennial). Historically, the term “hay fever” has been used, but current medical terminology suggests “seasonal allergic rhinitis” is most appropriate. Besides, there is no fever and pollen is the trigger not necessarily hay. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary year to year.
Who can be affected by allergies?
• Anyone! Seasonal allergies are more likely to manifest over age 3 years old and tend to wane in the elderly. Perennial allergies can begin as young as 6 months old. I’ve diagnosed grass allergy in children less than 2 years old while practicing in Nevada where the grass pollen season is many months long. Likewise, I’ve diagnosed dust mite allergy in octogenarians who thought they were too old for allergies.
What if I don’t treat allergies?
• Untreated allergies most commonly affect quality of life but can also increase one’s risk for sinus infections, trigger asthma and the chronic mouth breathing during childhood can even change the shape of one’s face leading to orthodontic issues.
• Don’t suffer any longer! Many people are still under the impression that there is no effective treatment for allergies or the only treatment is antihistamines that lead to drowsiness.
How are pollen allergies treated?
Avoidance:
• Avoid what you are allergic to. This is easier said than done and living in a bubble is not an option.
• Pollen: some measures that may help include keeping windows closed during the day in peak pollen season, avoid using clotheslines; and, before going to bed, change those clothes and take a shower to decrease the amount of pollens that followed you indoors.
Medications:
• Antihistamines: this generally safe class of medications has been available since the 1940’s. There are 3 generations of antihistamines.
• First generation antihistamines (before 1990’s): These include Benadryl™ (diphenhydramine), Chlortrimeton™ (chlorpheniramine), Atarax™ (hydroxyzine), and Tavist™ and others. While helpful in decreasing symptoms, these are very likely to cause side effects, especially drowsiness (that’s why diphenhydramine is the most common sleep aid available) because they penetrate into the brain. They do not last as long as the newer products so they need to be taken more often and are more likely to have other side effects including delayed reaction time, dry mouth, and appetite stimulation (with weight gain).
• Second generation antihistamines: Claritin™ (loratadine), Zyrtec™ (cetirizine), and Allegra™ (fexofenadine) are all available without a prescription, taken once a day, approved for children and adults and as generics making them easily accessible and affordable. They help primarily for the itching, sneezing, and runny nose caused by allergies but are not very helpful for nasal congestion or stuffiness.
• For dealing with congestion, all have adult formulations where they are combined with a decongestant such as pseudoephedrine. These are marketed as Claritin-D, Zyrtec-D and Allegra-D where the “D” stands for decongestant.
• Third generation antihistamines: These include the prescription Clarinex™ (desloratadine) which was derived from Claritin™ and non-prescription Xyzal™ (levocetirizine) which was derived from cetirizine (Zyrtec™). As you can see, antihistamines can be related: Xyzal comes from Zyrtec and Zyrtec comes from Hydroxyzine.
• Decongestants
• Decongestant pills are still available like pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine but not suitable options for children and have nuisance side effects including dry mouth, constipation, trouble urinating in older men, poor appetite and neuro-stimulation including impaired sleep (insomnia). There are limits on the amounts of pseudoephedrine that can be obtained from the pharmacy as industrious illegal drug makers “cook” these into “meth.”
• Nasal sprays:
• Topical nasal steroids: This group of medication has been the “cornerstone” of treating nasal allergies for many years. The cortisone spray treats the inflammation of the nose and not only helps all of the nasal symptoms but can reduce eye allergy symptoms as well. Most of these watery-based products are now available over-the-counter including Nasacort™, Flonase™, Flonase Sensimist™ and Rhinocort™. A few are still prescription including Nasonex™ and the dry-aerosol spray options including Qnasl™ and Zetonna™. The advantages are they work well and have no addiction potential, drowsiness, drug interactions or neuro-stimulation. Some of these products are FDA-approved for children down to 2 years old!
• Topical nasal decongestants: For immediate relief of nasal congestion and ear plugging, oxymetazoline, the active ingredient in Afrin™ and other over-the-counter nasal sprays is very helpful. Beware: regular use beyond a few days may result in becoming dependent on these sprays (called Rhinitis medicamentosa). Don’t get hooked on these—it is very challenging to stop!
• Topical nasal antihistamines: while these tend to be used less often, don’t underestimate the beneficial effects.
• Azelastine products (Astepro™ and Astelin™), while they may have a bitter taste and even mild drowsiness for some, are very beneficial to those with allergic and non-allergic induced nasal symptoms. If that bitter taste is bothersome, chew some cinnamon gum—it helps!
• Olopatadine product (Patanase™) also is helpful without drowsiness and used twice a day.
Note on nasal sprays: the most common side effect of any nasal spray is nose bleeds (epistaxis). This can be reduced by aiming the spray a little to the outside to avoid spraying up against the nasal septum where there are many blood vessels.
• Singulair™ (montelukast): Although most often used for treating asthma, this is FDA-approved for treating allergic rhinitis down to 6 months old. Since montelukast is a leukotriene modifier and not an antihistamine, decongestant or steroid, it has none of the side effects associated with them. It is approved for infants 6 months of age and older for year round allergies.
• Eye Drops: There are a variety of eye drops available to help those bothersome eye symptoms. They are typically divided into antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, combination antihistamine-mast cell stabilizer, other ant-inflammatory and steroids. Steroid eye drops are best prescribed by an eye doctor.
Immunotherapy:
• Injections (allergy shots): this tried and true treatment has been helping patients for over 100 years. Yes, long before medications were discovered. Allergy injections change your immune system making you less allergic; this is called disease modifying. In other words, after completing a course of allergy injections (initial build-up phase of several months, followed by 3 to 5 years of monthly injections), the good effect of allergy injections may last years to decades. The “ingredients” in the allergy shots are just the items a person is allergic to such as pollen, dust, pet dander, and/or mold without any medications per se. The treatment is natural and offered to patients over 5 years old whose allergies are not adequately controlled despite avoidance measures and medications or those who desire a more natural approach and want to avoid medications.
• Under-the-tongue pills (sublingual) are now FDA approved in the U.S. and available for grass (Oralair™ and Grastek™), ragweed pollen (Ragwitek™) as well as dust mite (Odactra™). These types of treatments have been used for years in Europe. They are effective, safe, and can be taken at home once a day. However, if you have stomach or esophageal issues or serious asthma, it’s best to pass on these.
What is NOT appropriate allergy treatment?
• Steroid injections such as Kenalog™. Don’t be lulled into this “allergy shot.” An injection of steroids into your backside that sends steroids to…well, everywhere including your eyes, bones, adrenal glands, muscles, etc and is not, in my opinion, the best way to treat nasal symptoms. This treatment for allergies should have went by the wayside in the 1970’s. It may be cheap and even effective; but, beware of the serious consequences to other parts of your body.
To help sort out if you have allergies and which treatments may be most effective for you, contact an allergist!
At Family Allergy & Asthma Care of Montana, we individualize treatment to get you back outdoors and enjoying the beautiful area we live in.
This information is solely for informational purposes and not intended as a substitute for consultation with a medical professional.
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In re KULICKE & SOFFA INDUSTRIES, INC. SECURITIES LITIGATION. This Document Relates to All Actions.
No. 86-1656.
United States District Court, E.D. Pennsylvania.
Oct. 2, 1990.
Eugene A. Spector, John F. Innelli, Philadelphia, Pa., for plaintiff.
Jon A. Baughman, Eleanor N. Ewing, Caroline H. West, Karin Z. Engstrom, Philadelphia, Pa., for defendant.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
DITTER, District Judge.
Plaintiff Allan Lisse represents a class of shareholders who purchased shares of Ku-licke & Sofia Industries, Inc. (“K & S”), common stock between November 8, 1984, and March 11, 1985, inclusive. K & S develops and manufactures equipment, tools, and accessories used in the assembly of semiconductor devices. The company’s sales and profitability are directly related to the health of the semiconductor industry. Plaintiff alleged that defendants K & S and Scott Kulicke, the company’s chief executive officer and chairman of its board of directors, engaged in securities fraud in violation of federal and state law by failing to retract an optimistic public statement made on October 24, 1984, concerning future sales and earnings and by making false and misleading statements between November of 1984 and March of 1985 to inflate the true value of K & S stock.
Following a seven day trial, the jury was required to respond to special interrogatories, the language and content of which were approved in advance by both parties. N.T. 3/21/90 at 3. The jury’s answers to these interrogatories, a copy of which is appended to this opinion, served as the jury’s verdict. The jury found that while defendants’ October 30, 1984, forecast had become inaccurate or misleading by February 15, 1985, causing the price of K & S common stock to trade at a higher price than it should have, and that while the withheld corrective information was “material” to the marketplace, the defendants did not act or fail to act with an intent to deceive, with reckless indifference, or with negligence. Based on the jury’s responses, I entered judgment on all counts in favor of defendants and against plaintiff.
Plaintiff now seeks a judgment notwithstanding the verdict as to the portion of the class period from February 15, 1985, through March 11, 1985, or a new trial with respect to the entire class period. Plaintiff also objects, in part, to defendants’ bill of costs. For the reasons that follow, plaintiff’s request for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or for a new trial will be refused; however, I will order defendants to file an amended bill of costs consistent with this opinion.
I. Motion for Judgment Notwithstanding the Verdict
Plaintiff contends that the issue before me “is how to resolve the inherent inconsistency in [the jury’s] answers and to reach a result that is supported by the evidence." Plf's Mem. at 2. According to plaintiff, “defendants’ decision not to correct or retract the forecast by February 15, 1985 had to be either intentional or reckless,” id. (emphasis in original), given the jury’s findings that information existed by that date which rendered the forecast inaccurate or misleading. I disagree with plaintiff’s characterization of the “issue” before me, and I decline his invitation to inject a presumption of either deceptive intent or reckless indifference into the federal securities laws.
It is well-settled that a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict can be granted only when there is but one reasonable conclusion as to the proper judgment, and it is contrary to the verdict. Viewing all the evidence and all the inferences therefrom in a light most favorable to the defendants, I can only overturn the jury’s decision where no reasonable factfinder could have reached the result that this jury did. In this case, contrary to plaintiff’s contention, there was evidence at trial to support the jury’s findings.
Defendants’ October 30, 1984, forecast projected sales for K & S in excess of $180 million and earnings per share which exceeded the figures for fiscal year 1984 by over fifty percent. According to Martin Weiss, plaintiff’s witness and K & S’s chief financial officer until January of 1985, defendants built a $33 million “cushion” into the $180 million sales forecast. N.T. 3/14/90 at 74. Although this sales forecast became increasingly difficult to accomplish as the “cushion” gradually eroded during the first and second quarters of fiscal 1985 from canceled orders, the jury found that projected sales did not become unattainable until February 15, 1985. The “key data sheet” for the week ending February 15, 1985, Plf’s Exh. 55, which reflects an inordinate number of canceled orders, supports this finding, and plaintiff does not dispute it. Instead, plaintiff maintains that on February 15, defendants were in possession of information contained in the key data sheet for the week ending that date, and therefore had a duty to inform the public that its October 30 forecast was no longer accurate. Eisenberg v. Gagnon, 766 F.2d 770, 776 (3d Cir.1985). Plaintiff argues that the failure to disclose when there is a duty to disclose is per se negligent, if not reckless or intentional.
Unfortunately, while plaintiff relies heavily on the Third Circuit’s opinion in Eisenberg in his post-trial motion, he ignores a critical element of that decision. Defendants cannot be liable under federal securities laws for violating a duty to disclose unless they either knew that their forecast was inaccurate and intentionally suppressed the truth, or recklessly ignored and avoided the truth. Id. at 776-78. Similarly, defendants cannot be liable under state law for negligent misrepresentation unless they failed to exercise reasonable care or competence in learning of the inconsistencies in their forecast and communicating such inconsistencies to the public. Id. at 778. Hence, it is not enough that defendants were “in possession of” data which called a forecast or opinion into question; for defendants to be liable under section 10(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. § 78j(b), they must have assimilated and comprehended the significance of that information to the forecast and intentionally failed to disclose it, or they must have recklessly avoided assimilating and comprehending the information. State law requires only a failure to assimilate and comprehend where a reasonable man would have done otherwise.
In this case, the jury apparently believed Scott Kulicke’s testimony that he would not have received the key data sheet for the week ending February 15, 1985, until February 22, 1985, at the earliest. N.T. 3/15/90 at 112. Kulicke testified that the cancellations reflected in that document were unprecedented, and required investigations by K & S’s salespeople to determine the genesis of the cancellations and the effect they would have on the fiscal 1985 budget. Id. In addition, there were mistakes in the backlog figures on the key data sheet for that week which Kulicke attempted to correct. N.T. 3/15/90 at 113— 114. Kulicke stated that by the first week in March, having obtained the key data sheet for the week ending February 22, 1985, it became clear to him that the company would have to release a public statement recalling its October 30 forecast. This required discussions among the board of directors, consultations with the company’s lawyers to determine if and when to retract the forecast and the appropriate language for such a retraction, and drafting and printing of a final version of the press release. N.T. 3/15/90 at 112-113. The press release withdrawing the forecast was disseminated on March 11, 1985, approximately nine business days after the date Kulicke estimated that he received the key data sheet for the week ending February 15, 1985. The jury accepted Kulicke’s testimony that he acted as expeditiously as he could under the circumstances. N.T. 3/5/90 at 113.
A reasonable juror could certainly have concluded that for a large, publicly-held corporation with subsidiaries and customers throughout the world, a nine-day lag between the receipt of negative data and the public dissemination of corrective information was not intentionally deceptive, reckless, or negligent, especially in view of the fact that the company’s board of directors was not scheduled to convene during that time period. I simply cannot substitute plaintiff’s understanding, aided by hindsight, of the decline in bookings, the cancellation of orders, and the downtown in the semiconductor industry, for defendants’ understanding and reaction to these events when it is clearly the defendants’ scenario which the jury believed. The Third Circuit has cautioned that the question of what constitutes a “prompt” revision and dissemination is purely one of fact, based upon the particular facts and circumstances of a case. In re Phillips Petroleum Securities Litigation, 881 F.2d 1236, 1245-46 (3d Cir.1989). Plaintiff has presented me with no tenable basis to interfere with the jury’s interpretation of the evidence, its understanding of the “particular facts and circumstances” of this case, or its credibility determinations.
In addition to the key data sheet for the week ending February 15, 1985, plaintiff focuses on K & S’s internal budget revisions dated February 8, February 11, and February 12, 1985, Plf’s Exhs. 194, 195, 196, each of which contained data on profitability which, after appropriate calculations were made, would have revealed that the “greater than fifty percent” earnings-per-share increase projected in the October 30 forecast was likely unattainable. Kulicke testified that he and the other K & S board members focused almost entirely on revenue as opposed to profitability when discussing the viability of the forecast since profitability could be influenced internally by cutting costs and expenses. So long as sales continued as projected, Kulicke believed that earnings would rise, or could be boosted through cost containment. N.T. 3/19/90 at 77-80; N.T. 3/15/90 at 103-104. Don VanLuvanee, K & S’s president and chief operating officer, corroborated Ku-licke’s testimony. N.T. 3/16/90 at 176. Kulicke further testified that he did not actually make the computations necessary to compare earnings-per-share figures from the February 8,11, and 12 budget revisions with the earnings-per-share projection contained in the October 30 forecast until he was preparing for trial. N.T. 3/19/90 at 81. The jury was entitled to conclude from Kulicke’s admitted preoccupation with the company’s sales figures and from his belief that profitability, unlike sales, was somewhat malleable, that he did not intend to deceive the public when he failed to retract the October 30 earnings-per-share forecast before March 11, 1985. Indeed, given the jury’s conclusion that defendants did not even act negligently, plaintiff is hard-pressed to prove scienter at this stage.
The jury also found that defendants' failure to change the earnings-per-share forecast was the result of neither reckless indifference nor negligence. Although the evidence supported plaintiff’s theory that defendants were more than just a little remiss in overlooking and consequently failing to publicize data reflecting the company’s declining profitability, there was also evidence to buttress defendants’ contention that the public had already absorbed information from other sources discounting K & S’s projected earnings-per-share for fiscal 1985 and that a retraction by K & S would have been merely cumulative. Lawrence Goldstein, a securities analyst and one of plaintiff’s expert witnesses, testified on cross-examination that as early as November of 1984 and continuing through February of 1985, several securities analysts, including himself, were publicly discounting K & S’s projected earnings-per-share figure for fiscal 1985. Because there is no obligation to correct an opinion or forecast which has already been corrected by other forces in the market, the jury could properly have decided that defendants’ failure to disclose the adjusted earnings-per-share data from the revised February budgets immediately was neither reckless nor negligent.
II. Motion for a New Trial
Plaintiff seeks a new trial on the basis that my instruction to the jury on “good faith” “is fundamentally incorrect, constitutes fundamental error, [and] confused the jury.” Plf’s Mem. at 13. Alternatively, plaintiff contends that a new trial is warranted because the jury’s findings were inconsistent with the facts and the law. Neither argument has merit and, accordingly, the motion for a new trial will be refused.
Defendants requested a “good faith” instruction which would inform the jury that if it found that defendants genuinely believed in the accuracy of the October 30,1984, forecast until it was retracted, defendants could not be held liable under federal securities law, even if the belief was unreasonable. Plaintiff opposed the inclusion of any reference to good faith in the jury charge, claiming that defendants’ good faith was irrelevant to this case. Unfortunately, both the Supreme Court and the Third Circuit disagree with plaintiff. His argument misconstrues both my instructions to the jury and the relevant case law on good faith. Similarly, his bold characterization of my charge as “fundamentally incorrect” is unsupported by the record and by the legal authority he cites.
In concluding my charge on the element of scienter under section 10(b) of The Securities and Exchange Act and rule 10b-5, I told the jury:
So far as the question of scienter is concerned, the burden rests upon the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendants did not act in good faith. That means the plaintiff cannot recover if the defendants had a genuine belief that the October 30, 1984 forecast remained accurate and complete in all material respects until March 11, 1985, even in light of the events that occurred after the release of the forecast.
That is true even if that belief on their part turns out to have been unreasonable, negligent or an error of judgment.
However, if you conclude that there was either an intentional purpose to deceive the investing public or that the defendants acted recklessly in failing to inform the investing public, the defendants could not have been acting in good faith and under either event scienter would have been established.
N.T. 3/22/90 at 108. Because the burden in a securities fraud case rests upon the plaintiff to prove scienter by a preponderance of the evidence, where the defendant maintains, as Scott Kulicke did, that he acted in good faith, in order to establish intent to deceive, the plaintiff must prove the absence of good faith. “There is no indication that Congress intended anyone to be made liable for [illicit] practices unless he acted other than in good faith.” Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185, 206, 96 S.Ct. 1375, 1387, 47 L.Ed.2d 668 (1978); see S.Rep. No. 792, 73d Cong., 2d Sess., 23 (“The defendant may escape liability by showing that the statement was made in good faith.”) In McLean v. Alexander, 599 F.2d 1190, 1198 (3d Cir.1979), the Third Circuit equated scienter with “bad faith,” and defined scienter as “lacking] a genuine belief that the information disclosed was accurate and complete in all material respects.” Id. at 1198. The court also reiterated Hochfelder's holding that “negligence — whether gross, grave or inexcusable — cannot serve as [a] substitute for scienter.” Id. The Third Circuit recently confirmed the viability of McLean in In re Phillips Petroleum Securities Litigation, 881 F.2d 1236 (3d Cir.1989). It was therefore incumbent upon me to define “good faith” for the jury. My definition was lifted verbatim from McLean. If plaintiff is unhappy with this definition, he will have to appeal to a higher authority.
Plaintiff is incorrect that I informed the jury that good faith is a defense to negligence. The word “negligence” appeared only once in the good faith instruction. In accordance with Hochfelder, I explained to the jury that defendants’ genuine belief in the accuracy of a forecast constitutes good faith “even if that belief on their part turns out to have been unreasonable, negligent, or an error of judgment.” N.T. 3/22/90 at 108. Nowhere in the instruction did I equate good faith with an absence of negligence. I charged the jury separately on the elements of negligent misrepresentation, and did not mention good faith. These instructions were accurate, complete, and entirely consistent with plaintiff’s submissions. N.T. 3/22/90 at 112-117. Nothing less than a distorted reading of my charge leads to the objection plaintiff raises.
Plaintiff argues that from my “even mentioning the words 'good faith’ to the jury, the jury undoubtedly concluded that if they believed that defendants acted in good faith in general, then it was not important to consider whether defendants intentionally or recklessly failed to withdraw the forecast on February 15, 1985.” In the third paragraph of my instruction, I told the members of the jury that if they concluded “that there was either an intentional purpose to deceive the investing public or that the defendants acted recklessly in failing to inform the investing public, the defendants could not have been acting in good faith and under either event, scienter would have been established.” N.T. 3/22/90 at 108. I thus made it clear to the jury that “good faith” and “scienter” were mutually exclusive terms so that if scienter were established, by definition, defendants could not have been acting in good faith. I defined good faith after I explained to the jury in detail the various ways — from either intentional or reckless conduct — that it could infer scienter. N.T. 3/22/90 at 104-108. Nothing in the good faith instruction directed the jury to disregard the element of scienter; rather, the jury was told that good faith was a defense it could consider in determining whether defendants acted with the requisite scienter.
Incredibly, plaintiff states the following on page fourteen of his memorandum:
“[Defendants can not assert that they did not have the requisite scienter because they believed in good faith their forecast, while they had in their possession information indicating that the forecast was in doubt....
[A]n intent ‘to deceive the investing public.’ ... is not the standard in a duty to disclose or omission case. To prevail, plaintiff had to prove only that defendant was in possession and aware of material information adversely affecting the forecast, and, with intent, chose not to timely [sic] disclose it.”
Plaintiff is simply wrong. The mere possession of adverse information, in and of itself, does not give rise to scienter. The knowledge that information in one’s possession renders a prior forecast inaccurate or misleading goes to the heart of the scienter requirement. See Coleco Industries, Inc. v. Berman, 567 F.2d 569, 574 (3d Cir.1977) (approving district court’s holding that “ ‘to establish the element of scienter in an action brought under section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5, a party must prove injury resulting from a conscious deception or from a misrepresentation so recklessly made that the culpability attaching to such reckless conduct closely approaches that which attaches to conscious deception.’ ”) (quoting Coleco Industries, Inc. v. Berman, 423 F.Supp. 275, 296 (E.D.Pa.1976)). As a matter of law and of common sense, one cannot behave with “conscious deception” if one possesses or has access to information, but is unaware that the information makes one’s actions or omissions deceptive. Contrary to plaintiff’s assertion, the scienter element is a subjective standard. So long as defendants acted in good faith, i.e., genuinely believed in the continued viability of their forecast, absent recklessness, they could not have acted with the requisite scienter, regardless of how objectively unreasonable their belief might have been. In re Phillips, 881 F.2d at 1244.
Indeed, plaintiff’s proposed jury instructions sheds considerable doubt on whether plaintiff, himself, believes in the strength of his objection. At page twenty-six of his proposed instructions, plaintiff requested that I charge the jury as follows:
The second way to establish scienter is by showing that defendants acted knowingly and intentionally. In other words, plaintiff can satisfy this element by proving by a preponderance of the credible evidence that the defendants knew of the material information that was omitted or misrepresented but nevertheless decided to omit or misrepresent that information knowing that it would give the public the wrong idea about the true facts.
(emphasis added). Plaintiff requested and received an instruction which informed the jury that it must find that defendants not only possessed adverse material information, but also knew that they possessed it in order to conclude that defendants acted with intent.
Plaintiffs proposed instruction also discredits plaintiff’s assertion that “an intent ‘to deceive the investing public’.... is not the standard in a duty to disclose or omission case,” as does his approval, with minor modifications, of defendants’ Request for Jury Instruction No. 15. N.T. 3/21/90 at 24. Defendants’ Request No. 15 requires that the jury find that defendants “acted with an intent to deceive or defraud” potential shareholders. My explanation to the jury of the element of scienter, N.T. 3/22/90 at 104-108, was based on plaintiff’s submission and on defendants’ Request No. 15.
Plaintiff now seeks to challenge the very legal theory he adopted at trial by arguing that to establish scienter, plaintiff need only prove an intent “not to timely [sic] disclose.” Plaintiff’s novel legal theory is contrary to the Supreme Court’s interpretation of section 10(b) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 as articulated in Hochfelder, 425 U.S. at 201-214, 96 S.Ct. at 1384-1391, as well as the Court’s definition of “scienter,” id. at 193 n. 12, 96 S.Ct. at 1381 n. 12 (“[T]he term ‘scienter’ refers to a mental state embracing intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud.”) Not surprisingly, plaintiff cites no legal authority to support his theory that the 1934 Act allows a factfinder to presume scienter where a plaintiff has proved no more than an intent not to disclose.
Plaintiff is not entitled to a new trial on the basis of alleged instructional errors. My charge to the jury on the element of scienter and on the good faith defense was warranted by the evidence, consistent with controlling law, and was easy for the jury to understand.
Plaintiff also argues that the jury’s findings were contrary to the weight of the evidence, thereby warranting a new trial. He makes reference to K & S’s internal budget revisions in November of 1984, January of 1985, and in February of 1985, and to the company’s weekly key data sheets, which reflected a declining book-to-bill ratio and an inability to ship product to customers as quickly as anticipated. Plaintiff fails, however, to explain why this evidence entitles him to a new trial. In particular, an inability to fill orders as quickly as they are demanded could easily raise the inference that defendants’ sales were exceeding their expectations. Although plaintiff clearly has not met his burden of proof, I will briefly explain why the evidence he cites supports the jury's verdict.
Plaintiff’s own witness, Martin Weiss, testified that the budget revision on November 8, 1984, was “insignificant.” N.T. 3/14/90 at 78. According to Weiss, the revision was the result of the company’s temporary manufacturing problems, not a decline in orders, and referred only to the first quarter of fiscal 1985. The budget only reduced expected sales for the year by $4 million. Id. Given the $33 million cushion the company had built into its $180 million sales forecast, there was reason for the jury to conclude that the budget revision did not warrant any correction to the October 30 forecast.
Although Weiss testified that he began to feel “uncomfortable” with the October 30 forecast, N.T. 3/14/90. at 82; N.T. 3/15/90 at 17, he could not refer to any indicators, other than his own “feelings,” which rendered the projected sales unattainable. N.T. 3/14/90 at 82; N.T. 3/15/90 at 31. In early January of 1985, the company revised the projected revenues for the second quarter of fiscal 1985 from approximately $51 million to $45.5 million. N.T. 3/15/90 at 41. Again, according to Weiss, the budget revision was due to the company’s problems meeting the demands for its product, not industry stagnation or canceled orders. N.T. 3/15/90 at 43. As of January 22, 1985, when Weiss memorialized the company’s second quarter budget in a memorandum to Scott Kulicke, N.T. 3/15/90 at 44; Dfts’ Exh. 103, K & S’s anticipated sales for fiscal 1985 were $203 million, $23 million beyond the sales projected in the October 30 forecast. N.T. 3/15/90 at 49.
As discussed earlier, the key data sheets for the weeks from October 30, 1984, through February 8, 1985, Plf's Exhs. 33-54, reflect that $180 million in sales remained an attainable goal, although revenues were steadily declining. While profits were accordingly lower than expected, Ku-licke maintained that earnings could be increased through cost cutting. N.T. 3/19/90 at 77-80. According to Kulicke, it was not until he had investigated the basis for the rash of canceled orders contained in the February 15, 1985, key data sheet, which he claimed he did not receive until at least February 22, 1985, that he realized that the October 30 forecast was no longer realistic. N.T. 3/15/90 at 112. There was thus sufficient evidence that he did not have knowledge that the forecast was unreasonable until at least February 22, 1985. The jury was justified in concluding that Kulicke acted as promptly as he could, after discussing the matter with various directors and the company’s attorneys, in releasing a public statement retracting the forecast nine working days after he received the February 15, 1985, key data sheet.
From Van Luvanee’s qualification in the February 12, 1985, press release that the company’s sales target for the year was “in part, dependent on our customer’s capacity plans,” Dfts’ Exh. 302, the jury could properly have decided that defendants did not act with either scienter or negligence in waiting until March 11, 1985, to withdraw the forecast completely. The jury’s verdict was supported by the evidence; therefore, plaintiff is not entitled to a new trial.
III. Plaintiff’s Supplemental Motion for a New Trial
Approximately seven weeks after plaintiff filed his motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or for a new trial, he supplemented his request for a new trial on the basis of possible juror misconduct. I conclude that plaintiff’s supplemental motion does not warrant a new trial. It will therefore be refused.
On May 16, 1990, approximately two months after the trial had concluded, counsel for plaintiff, Eugene Speetor, wrote to inform me that he had recently discovered that the jury foreman in this case, Lynn Pompa, was the same individual against whom he had asserted a claim on behalf of his wife in January of 1990. See Plf’s Suppl. Motion at Exh. D. Patrice Pompa, the wife of the jury foreman, apparently had been involved in a minor car accident with Barbara Speetor, the wife of Eugene Speetor, on January 2, 1990. According to Mr. Speetor, his wife’s car cost $300 to repair. No one was injured in the accident. Mr. Speetor wrote Mrs. Pompa a brief letter on his firm stationery on January 8, 1990, inquiring as to whether she wanted to turn the claim over to her insurance carrier or to handle it herself. Mr. Speetor stated that a man who identified himself as “Mr. Pompa” called him soon thereafter to inform him that he had referred the matter to his insurance company. This was the extent of the communication between Mr. Speetor and Mr. Pompa.
Mr. Speetor did not recognize Mr. Pompa during voir dire or at trial as the man with whom he had communicated in January. It was not until Mr. Speetor came across a letter in his desk from Mr. Pompa’s insurance carrier that he realized that the insured was the man who served as jury foreman.
The voir dire in this case was not recorded. I conducted the voir dire orally by making a series of statements concerning the case and by asking the members of the venire a list of questions which I had prepared on the basis of requests submitted by plaintiff and defendants. The venire persons were instructed to raise a hand if a particular question required an affirmative answer.
I first introduced the attorneys in the case to the venire by name. Mr. Speetor was present for this introduction and for the entire voir dire. I then asked the ve-nire whether any of them knew any of the persons to whom I had referred. I recall that Mr. Pompa did not answer affirmatively. Had he done so, I would have questioned him further and my notes would have reflected this fact. I also asked the venire whether anyone had ever asserted a claim against any one of them or a member of one of their families. I recall that Mr. Pompa stated that he and his wife had been involved in “litigation” concerning an automobile accident. Mr. Pompa then stated that the incident was handled out of court. My recollection is consistent with that of John Innelli, counsel for plaintiff. See Aff. of John Innelli, attached as Exh. D to Plf s Suppl. Motion. I then asked each venire person whether the experience he may have had when someone asserted a claim for money damages against him or a family member would influence his behavior in this case in any way. Mr. Pompa did not answer affirmatively. Lastly, I informed each venire person that if he were selected as a juror, he would be told that he could not try the case “on the basis of sympathy or prejudice for either side.” I asked the venire whether there was anyone “who would be unwilling or unable to follow an instruction of that type.” Again, Mr. Pom-pa did not come forward.
Plaintiff requested an “investigatory hearing.” Instead, on September 28, 1990, I conducted an evidentiary inquiry via telephone conference call among Mr. Spector, Eleanor Ewing (counsel for defendants), and Mr. Pompa. The conference call was recorded. I told Mr. Pompa that he should consider himself to be sworn and under oath. I then asked him a series of questions. In response to these questions, Mr. Pompa confirmed that he had no recollection of any connection with Mr. Spector at any time during the questioning of the venire, during counsels’ opening addresses, during the presentation of evidence, during counsels’ closing arguments, during the jury charge, during the jury deliberations, or during the announcement of the jury verdict. N.T. 9/28/90 at 5-7. Mr. Pompa stated that he first realized this past summer, over two months after the trial had concluded, that counsel for plaintiff was the man who had asserted the claim against his wife when he found a cancelled check bearing Mr. Spector’s name. According to Mr. Pompa, the automobile accident to which he was referring in response to my inquiry during voir dire was not the accident involving Mrs. Spector, but a different accident which occurred several years ago and which was settled out of court.
Mr. Pompa clearly did not harbor any ill-will towards Mr. Spector or his client during any stage of the trial. There is no reason to doubt Mr. Pompa’s credibility. His responses during voir dire were consistent with his recollection of events at that time. There is simply no evidence or indication that he concealed information from me during voir dire, at trial, or during our conference call. Plaintiff has not met his initial burden of demonstrating that Mr. Pompa failed to answer honestly a question on voir dire. McDonough Power Equipment, Inc. v. Greenwood, 464 U.S. 548, 556, 104 S.Ct. 845, 850, 78 L.Ed.2d 663 (1984). Thus, plaintiffs supplemental motion for a new trial must be refused.
IV. Defendants’ Bill of Costs
Defendants submitted a bill of costs and a memorandum and affidavit in support thereof seeking reimbursement for the cost of daily copy of the trial transcript, for the cost of deposition transcripts, some of which were expedited, for the cost of demonstrative exhibits, copy fees, and witness fees. Plaintiff filed a response objecting to the cost of the trial transcript and the cost of deposition transcripts of individuals who did not testify at trial.
Rule 54(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and 28 U.S.C. § 1920 provide for recovery of fees for transcripts, exemplification, and other papers which were “necessarily obtained” for use in the case. Here, I find that while daily copy of trial transcripts was certainly a convenience to defendants, it was not “necessarily obtained” for either the presentation of their case or for effective cross-examination of plaintiff’s witnesses. Contrary to plaintiff’s assertion, defendants would have been severely handicapped in responding to plaintiff’s post trial motions had they not obtained the trial transcripts. I will therefore allow the cost of non-expedited trial transcripts to be taxed against plaintiff.
Similarly, defendants required copies of deposition transcripts to respond to plaintiffs pretrial motions and to prepare for trial. Defendants will not be limited to recovery of costs for the deposition transcripts of individuals who testified at trial since effective trial preparation and the ability to respond adequately to plaintiffs pretrial motions depended in large part on the review of deposition testimony. Pos-ner v. Lankenau Hospital, 1990 WL 18250, 1990 U.S. Dist. Lexis 2047 (E.D.Pa. Feb. 26, 1990). Also, in several instances, the decision not to call a previously deposed individual as a witness at trial was that of plaintiff, not defendants. I will disallow the additional fee for expedited deposition testimony, however, as I find that expedited copy was not “necessarily obtained” for use in preparing for and trying this case.
Plaintiff has not objected to defendants taxing of costs for copying and for demonstrative exhibits. Costs for copying and exemplification are recoverable pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1920(4). Defendants used all of the demonstrative exhibits for which it seeks remuneration at trial. These exhibits were helpful to the jury and to me and were utilized frequently during the testimony of defendants’ expert, Mr. Fischel. The costs for the demonstrative exhibits and for copying are reasonable. I will allow both.
Plaintiff also does not object to defendants’ taxation of costs for their witnesses attendance allowance, travel, hotel and meal expenses in accordance with 28 U.S.C. §§ 1920, 1821 and 5 U.S.C. § 5702(a). Taxation of these costs is appropriate, within reason; however, I cannot ascertain why two round-trip airline tickets between Philadelphia and Chicago cost almost $2,000. Section 1821(c)(1) of Title 28 states that “a witness shall utilize a common carrier at the most economical rate reasonably available.” Defendants will provide me with a further explanation why $1,000 for round-trip travel between Philadelphia and Chicago was “the most economical rate reasonably available,” or I will disallow this cost.
Defendants shall submit an amended bill of costs and an affidavit in support thereof in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 1924 within ten days.
V. Conclusion
Plaintiff’s motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, alternatively, for a new trial will be refused. His supplemental motion for a new trial will also be refused. Plaintiff’s objections to defendants’ bill of costs will be granted in part and refused in part.
APPENDIX
. K & S’s 1985 fiscal year began on October 1, 1984.
. K & S prepared and distributed internally weekly “key data sheets," Plfs Exhs. 39-55, which contained, in both numerical and graph form, detailed information about the company’s actual sales, projected sales, actual shipments, projected shipments, incoming orders, and backlog. N.T. 3/14/90 at 53-60. Defendants used the key data sheets as financial indicators to monitor the company’s progress and to prepare budgets and financial reports. N.T. 3/15/90 at 53.
. Because negligent conduct is not actionable under federal securities laws, Ernst & Ernst v. Hochfelder, 425 U.S. 185, 96 S.Ct. 1375, 47 L.Ed.2d 668 (1976), plaintiff contends that at the very least, I should enter judgment notwithstanding the verdict as to his state law claims for negligent misrepresentation.
. Plaintiff overlooks defendants' press release of February 12, 1985, in which Donald VanLuva-nee, K & S’s president and chief operating officer, acknowledged that orders had been declining since November of 1985 and that, while the company was "still committed” to its aggressive sales target, "we recognize that we are, in part, dependent on our customer’s capacity plans, which are being continually re-evaluated." Dft. Exh. 302. Although Van Luvanee’s statement did not retract the October 30 forecast, the jury may have viewed it as a partial modification of that forecast, such that the company’s sales goal was qualified after February 12, 1985, by its customers’ capacity. A reasonable juror could have concluded that defendants believed that the company’s internal budgets, key data sheets, and other indicators supported the contents of the February 12 press release, and that it wasn’t until Kulicke received the key data sheet for the week ending February 22, 1985, and reports from the company’s salespeople concerning the February 15, 1985, key data sheet, that he realized that the customers’ capacity problems and declining demands had made the $180 million sales goal unattainable.
. Scott Kulicke testified at trial that he continued to believe in the viability of his October 30 forecast until the decision was made in early March to retract it. He stated that as late as February 12, 1985, he still believed that the company's budgets supported its sales goal. N.T. 3/19/90 at 76. He explained that he believed that the declining book-to-bill ratio the company was experiencing, which reflects a declining ratio of incoming orders to orders shipped, was temporary, and the result of nothing more than an "inventory correction." N.T. 3/19/90 at 68-70. He felt that the company’s large backlog would carry it through the "corrective period” without incident. N.T. 3/19/90 at 70. Kulicke maintained that the company "tried to set a standard for candor" which he always intended to meet, N.T. 3/9/90 at 86. He did not believe that any of the statements he made throughout the class period were false and misleading to shareholders, and he never intended to deceive or act with reckless disregard and for the truth with respect to facts disclosed or not disclosed to the public during the class period. N.T. 3/19/90 at 106.
. Although there were some minor differences between Mr. Pompa's answers during the conference call and Mr. Spector’s version of the facts concerning the amount of money Mrs. Spector received and whether the matter was submitted to Mr. Pompa's insurance carrier for payment, this is no basis for discrediting the remainder of Mr. Pompa’s testimony.
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CASELAW
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Paid Notice: Deaths LORENZ, MICHAEL E.
LORENZ--Michael E. On May 31, 2005. Beloved husband of Annette (nee Soto) Lorenz. Devoted father of Amanda Jeanne, Michael John and Amy Christine. Loving brother of Kit Lorenz and Jack Lorenz. Dear uncle of Emily, Joseph, John and Thomas. Proud pet owner of Sparky and Mr. Turtle. Reposing at the Martin A. Gleason Funeral Home, 10-25 150 St., Whitestone, NY. Visiting on Thursday 7-10 PM, Friday 2-5 and 7-10 PM. Mass of Christian burial on Saturday 9:30 AM, St. Luke's RC Church. Interment Mount Saint Mary's Cemetery.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Aury Wallington
Aury Wallington is an American novelist and TV writer. She has written extensively for TV, and her latest book is based upon science fiction series Heroes. The novel, titled Heroes: Saving Charlie, is the first in what will be a series of Heroes books which have been written with the full cooperation of Heroes creator Tim Kring.
Aury currently created the NBC.com series Dial * starring AnnaLynne McCord. She is also writing for the new live-action Cartoon Network TV show Tower Prep.
Biography
Wallington grew up in Pennsylvania and always wanted to be a writer but was not sure how to go about it. She graduated from Tufts University and moved to New Orleans because one of her favourite writers, Ellen Gilchrist, was from there and Wallington thought that she would soak up some inspiration from living there too. Instead, she spent her nights bartending and her days writing really bad poetry and collecting rejection slips.
After a stint in New York as personal assistant to an actor, she moved to Mexico to do research for a screenplay she was writing. She ran out of money before finishing the script and headed back to New York, landing a job as script coordinator on TV show Sex and the City. Wallington was thrilled when she was asked to write an episode for the final season of the show and in the meantime worked on her novel, Pop! and wrote a one-woman show which was performed off-Broadway as part of the Double Helix Theater’s One Festival.
When Sex and the City ended, she moved to Los Angeles and wrote for Veronica Mars and Courting Alex. She also wrote a pilot called Pure Sunshine for Sony Television. She is currently working on a new FOX drama called Wedding Album.
Wallington currently lives in Los Angeles with her two-year-old rescue dog, Tuesday.
Work
Wallington has written six novels. These are:
* Heroes: Saving Charlie - The first in the official Heroes book series.
* Pop! - A teenage novel.
* The OC
* Cohen
* Bait and Switch
* Spring Break
* The Misfit.
Wallington has written three anthologies and eight scripts for television. These are:
* The pilot for USA Death Benefits
* The pilot for ABC Family Will Triumph Fights Alone
* The pilot for ABC Family Menace to Society
* Heroes: "Once Upon a Time in Texas"
* The Wedding Album pilot
* One episode for Courting Alex called "Big Client".
* Two episodes for Veronica Mars titled "Like a Virgin" and "Clash of the Tritons".
* One episode for Sex and the City, "The Cold War".
* Two episodes for Gravity Falls, "Headhunters" and "The Time Traveler's Pig".
She also created the Netflix original series Spirit Riding Free and served as the co-writer for its 2021 feature film, Spirit Untamed with Kristin Hahn.
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WIKI
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The relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
Oct 31, The interest to relationship between fractals and fractional calculus is renewed again. Some original approach (but without proper physical. The linear relationship between fractal dimensions of a type of generalized Weierstrass functions and the order of their fractional calculus has been proved. the possibility of using fractional calculus, a field which deals with derivatives The possible connection between fractals and fractional calculus raises var-.
Besides, the generalizations of the results for a combination of fractal circuits having a discrete set of fractal dimensions were obtained. We suppose that these new results help understand deeper the intimate links between fractals and fractional integrals of different types. These results can be used in different branches of the interdisciplinary physics, where the different equations describing the different physical phenomena and containing the fractional derivatives and integrals are used.
Key Words and Phrases: The interest to relationship between fractals and fractional calculus is renewed again. Some original approach but without proper physical interpretation was outlined in papers [ 1645 ].
One of the basic problems that did not accurately solved yet in the fractional calculus community is the finding of the justified and accurate relationships between the smoothed functions averaged over fractal objects and fractional operators. This problem was solved partly for the time-dependent functions averaged over Cantor sets in monograph [ 9 ] and paper [ 10 ], where the influence of unknown log-periodic function leading finally to the understanding of the meaning of the fractional integral with the complex-conjugated power-law exponents was taken into account.
Possible generalizations helping to understand the role of a spatial fractional integral as a mathematical operator replacing the operation of averaging of the smoothed functions over fractal objects were considered in monograph [ 9 ] as well.
Nevertheless, the basic reason that serves as a specific mathematical obstacle in accurate establishing of the desired relationship between the fractal object and the corresponding fractional integral is the absence of the 2D- and 3D-Laplace transformations.
Math 312 Fractional Calculus final presentation
West, Information Science Directorate, U. This is an open-access article subject to an exclusive license agreement between the authors and the Frontiers Research Foundation, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract This paper presents a restricted overview of Fractal Physiology focusing on the complexity of the human body and the characterization of that complexity through fractal measures and their dynamics, with fractal dynamics being described by the fractional calculus. Not only are anatomical structures Grizzi and Chiriva-Internati,such as the convoluted surface of the brain, the lining of the bowel, neural networks and placenta, fractal, but the output of dynamical physiologic networks are fractal as well Bassingthwaighte et al.
Consequently, the fractal dimension turns out to be a significantly better indicator of organismic functions in health and disease than the traditional average measures, such as heart rate, breathing rate, and stride rate.
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The observation that human physiology is primarily fractal was first made in the s, based on the analysis of a limited number of datasets. We review some of these phenomena herein by applying an allometric aggregation approach to the processing of physiologic time series.
This straight forward method establishes the scaling behavior of complex physiologic networks and some dynamic models capable of generating such scaling are reviewed. These models include simple and fractional random walks, which describe how the scaling of correlation functions and probability densities are related to time series data.
Subsequently, it is suggested that a proper methodology for describing the dynamics of fractal time series may well be the fractional calculus, either through the fractional Langevin equation or the fractional diffusion equation.
A fractional operator derivative or integral acting on a fractal function, yields another fractal function, allowing us to construct a fractional Langevin equation to describe the evolution of a fractal statistical process.
Control of physiologic complexity is one of the goals of medicine, in particular, understanding and controlling physiological networks in order to ensure their proper operation. We emphasize the difference between homeostatic and allometric control mechanisms. Homeostatic control has a negative feedback character, which is both local and rapid.
Allometric control, on the other hand, is a relatively new concept that takes into account long-time memory, correlations that are inverse power law in time, as well as long-range interactions in complex phenomena as manifest by inverse power-law distributions in the network variable. We hypothesize that allometric control maintains the fractal character of erratic physiologic time series to enhance the robustness of physiological networks.
Moreover, allometric control can often be described using the fractional calculus to capture the dynamics of complex physiologic networks. Complexity in this context incorporates the recent advances in physiology concerned with the applications of the concepts from fractal geometry, fractal statistics and nonlinear dynamics, to the formation of a new kind of understanding within the life sciences.
Fractal Physiology and the Fractional Calculus: A Perspective
A parallel development has been the understanding of the dynamics of fractal processes and how those dynamics are manifest in the control of physiologic networks. For a number of years the study of fractals and its application to physiology was restricted to the determination of the fractal dimension of structure, in particular, the static structure of objects and the scaling of time series.
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
However, now we explore the dynamics of fractal processes using the fractional calculus, and apply this dynamical approach to both regular and stochastic physiologic processes. To understand the need for such an approach a historical perspective is useful.
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
Homeostasis It is not a coincidence that the modern view of how the human body operates mirrors our understanding of the technological society in which we live, where a thermostat controls the temperature of a home, the sound of a voice can turn the lights on and off, and cruise control determines the speed of a car. It is not clear when this idea of how the body works began to permeate society, but in medicine the concept was introduced by the nineteenth century scientist Claude Bernard — He developed the notion underlying homeostasis in his study of stability of the human body.
The word homeostasis was popularized half a century later by Walter Cannon — in his book The Wisdom of the Body Cannon, Homeostasis is what many consider to be the guiding principle of medicine, whereby every human body has multiple automatic inhibition mechanisms that suppress disquieting influences of the environment. Homeostasis is the evolutionary strategy selected to enable the human body to maintain an internal balance, although it is not always evident how a particular suppressing response is related to a specific antagonism.
Biology teaches that evolution has, over the millennia, reduced homeostatic networks to the bare minimum, so that in the spirit of parsimony, every internal mechanism of a physiological network is necessary to maintain either the structural or functional integrity of the organism.
But why should physiologic networks be homeostatic?
• Fractal Physiology and the Fractional Calculus: A Perspective
In part, nature's choices have to do with the fact that no physiologic network is isolated; these networks are, in fact, made up of a mind-numbing number of subnetworks, the cells. The task of a cell is simple and repetitive, but that of an organ is not. Therefore a complex network like the cardiovascular is made up of a variety of cell types, each type performing a given different function.
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
If responses to changes in the external environment were at the cellular level, physiology would be much more complicated than it is already, and organs would no doubt be unstable. But nature has found that if the immediate environment of the cells is kept within certain narrowly defined limits, then the cells can continue to perform their specific tasks and no others, even while organs respond to sometimes extravagant external disturbances.
As long as the internal environment stays within a certain operational range the cells continue to function without change.
the relationship between fractional calculus and fractals
Thus, homeostasis is the presumed strategy that nature has devised to keep the internal state of the body under control. The level of sophistication of control mechanisms was brought to light with the centrifugal fly-ball governor constructed by J.
Fractional Calculus and Applied Analysis
Watt for regulating the speed of the rotary steam engine. This artificial control mechanism heralded the onset of the Industrial Revolution. The first mathematical description and consequent understanding of Watt's governor was constructed by the English physicist J. Maxwell inwhen he linearized the differential equations describing the governor's dynamics. The solutions to the linearized differential equations control are stable when the eigenvalues have negative real parts stabilizing feedback and in this way the language for the control of dynamical networks was introduced.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Keeping Teeth Healthy While Wearing Braces in St John’s Wood
Girl with braces getting dental checkup
Good dental hygiene practices are really important, especially when braces are involved. Brushing and flossing should be performed at least twice a day, yet it is good practice to clean the teeth and gums after meals to prevent the build-up of plaque and bacteria. If someone wears fixed braces, frequent brushing is important to ensure that bits of foods are not stuck around the brackets.
Frequent dental hygiene will ensure that braces in St John’s Wood remain clean and functional. Whether someone chooses fixed braces or removable braces offered by a dental practice such as Aura Dental, chances are that their teeth and gums will remain healthy and strong throughout the treatment, if they follow a complete oral hygiene routine.
Prevention is better than cure
A lot of people wear braces in St John’s Wood for many months (or years) only to find out that their teeth don’t look so great when the braces come off. This is because they have failed to clean their braces properly on a regular basis and as a result discolouration has occurred. In some cases, some patients remove their braces only to find out that they have developed cavities and gum disease while wearing them. To prevent all these problems from happening, ensure that teeth are brushed and flossed frequently, especially after meals. Using an antibacterial mouthwash can also help, since it strengthens the enamel and helps prevent decay.
What to avoid when wearing braces
Whether someone is wearing fixed or removable braces, certain things should be avoided. For instance, fixed braces do not go well with hard, chewy, sticky and sugary foods, which tend to get stuck in brackets and underwires. Moreover, chewing on the end of pencils, ice cubes, or other objects is a bad habit that could lead to the destruction of the braces or the retainers.
Dental hygiene should be flexible
Creating a mini dental hygiene kit for on-the-go is ideal for brace-wearers. Make it a habit to brush and floss the teeth after each meal, even when away from home. Moreover, spending a few minutes to rinse straightening aligners after eating goes a long way in preventing staining and bacterial build-up.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Algerian baklawa
Algerian baklawa, also known as "baklawa algéroise" or "Kaak Warqa", is a version of baklava that is popular in Algeria.
Baklava was introduced to North Africa under the Ottoman Empire, and the Algerian version has continued to evolve into a distinctive style.
In particular, its filling is made with finely ground almonds rather than pistachios or walnuts and orange blossom water is added. The pastry is typically malsouka (also called "warqa") rather than filo.
Like other forms of baklava, the layered pastry is cut into diamond-shaped pieces before being baked. It is then soaked in a syrup of honey, sugar, and sometimes lemon juice.
Algerian baklawa is often served on special occasions and celebrations.
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WIKI
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West Virginia midterm election results
Red-state Democrat Joe Manchin is fighting for his political life in the West Virginia Senate race. Manchin has managed to maintain a strong lead against Republican Patrick Morrisey in the heavily conservative state, but the race is still expected to be a tight one. Manchin’s seat is one of several crucial slots that Democrats need to hang onto if they want to flip the Senate or, at the very least, not give Republicans a larger majority. Despite his Democratic Party allegiances, Manchin has proven relatively popular with his West Virginian constituents, though he still faces tough headwinds in a state that went for Trump by one of the biggest margins in the country. An open House seat in the state’s Third Congressional District is also seen as one of several competitive races where Democrats could pick up a possible seat. Democratic State Sen. Richard Ojeda — a chief supporter of the state’s teacher’s strike — and Republican state House member Carol Miller are vying for the seat. Voters will also consider a ballot measure that would ensure “nothing in this Constitution secures or protects a right to abortion or requires the funding of abortion.” This kind of ballot initiative has historically been seen as symbolic, but should Roe v. Wade be overturned by the Supreme Court, it could put the state on a path toward outlawing abortion. West Virginia’s statehouse has been solidly in Republican hands, and it is expected to remain that way, according to Daily Kos. Trump’s approval ratings in this coal-loving state reflect his margin of victory in 2016 — more than 60 percent of the people in the state say he is doing a good job, according to Morning Consult.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:KarlMerson
Toronto-based composer. Developed otherworld music and the navigatable soundscape in 2002. Also heads a band, Villain Decor, and a media label, Quixotic.
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WIKI
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Russian central bank holds key rate at 11%
Russia's central bank held interest rates steady at 11 percent on Friday, in line with expectations, although it signaled that if inflation kept on falling it would cut soon. The bank said in a statement that while it "sees the positive processes of inflation slowdown and inflation expectations decline, as well as shifts in the economy which anticipate the beginning of its recovery growth. At the same time, inflation risks remain elevated." It said that these risks primarily stem from slowly declining inflation expectations against the target, uncertainty in parameters of the national budget, and ambiguity of the observed movements in nominal wages. "Moving forward, should inflation risks fall as much as to ensure with greater certainty that the Bank of Russia achieves its inflation target, the Bank of Russia will resume a gradual lowering of its key rate at one of its forthcoming Board meetings," the central bank said in a statement. "The Bank of Russia predicts, consistent with the decision, the annual inflation to stand at about 5 percent in April 2017, to reach the 4 percent target in late 2017." The bank was widely expected to hold interest rates at 11 percent but analysts said ahead of the decision that in the next few months the bank could start to cut rates. Last month, the bank held rates steady, warning that inflation risks remained "high" and that the then oil price rise could be "unsustainable." However, the decision came at a time of renewed hope for Russia's beleaguered economy and the country's oil industry with commodity prices showing tentative signs of recovery. That tentative bounceback has continued in April, despite hopes of an oil output cut by major producers being dashed when OPEC and non-OPEC producers failed to come to a deal on a production freeze earlier in the month. The central Bank of Russia last month assumed in its baseline scenario of an average oil price of $30 per barrel in 2016 and forecast a gradual rise to $40 per barrel to 2018, well below the current price of $48.28 a barrel of Brent crude and $46.21 for West Texas Intermediate (WTI). Read MoreRussia: Why the worst is over for our economy The central bank and its governor, Elvira Nabiullina, have come under pressure from politicians who would like to see the bank cut rates more aggressively in order to stimulate growth but concern over Russia's inflation rate has taken precedence in recent months. The rate is falling, however, and was last seen at 7.3 percent in March although it still has some way to go before it reaches the bank's 2017 target of 4 percent. As such, the bank is still expected to err on the side of caution on Friday. On Friday, the central bank noted that inflation had fallen "perceptibly" but that the trend "bears risks of instability." "Moving forward, should inflation risks fall as much as to ensure with greater certainty that the Bank of Russia achieves its inflation target, the Bank of Russia will resume a gradual lowering of its key rate at one of its forthcoming Board meetings. " Kirill Yankovskiy, director of Equity Sales at Otkritie Capital, told CNBC on Friday that he believed the bank would stand pat on rates, although a rate cut could be "beneficial." "A rate cut would definitely be beneficial as a sign of confidence for the most part but I think that the general standpoint at this time is that they're not going to cut. They will probably be waiting to see more on the macro side before they make that step." Still, he believed the bank deserved credit for its strategy so far. "Credit has to be given to the central bank of Russia for tackling the situation quite well over the last recent financial crisis in Russia. They've managed to keep the political agenda on the side and offer the (financial) system stability so I think they've done extremely well," Yankovskiy told CNBC Europe's "Squawk Box." "I think we're coming towards a current decision (to reduce rates), it's nine months that they haven't changed the rates and I think that they definitely have a priority internally which is inflation, they have mentioned that numerous times as one of the key factors they're looking at." "Generally, they're definitely making their own personal decisions which is most important for the central bank," he added. Peter Kinsella, head of Emerging Market Economic & FX Research at Commerzbank, also told CNBC on Friday that he thought the bank would hold rates today and that inflation was still key. "I think it's rather likely that we're going to see a rate-cutting cycle start or begin but it's a little bit early at this stage to see one. What they'll (the central bank) will want to see in my view is consecutive declines in inflation – they've already seen that since the beginning of the year which is good…but I think they'll need to see a little bit more further inflation declines before they cut rates." He believed there was room for the bank to be "fairly aggressive" once it started to cut rates. "There's definitely about 200 basis points worth of cuts that they can do, but in my view it will be rather more of a back-loaded cycle so more of a 2017 story than a 2016 one," he said. Follow CNBC International on and Facebook.
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New Jersey's 1st legislative district
New Jersey's 1st legislative district is one of 40 in the state, covering the Atlantic County municipalities of Corbin City, Estell Manor and Weymouth Township; every Cape May County municipality including Avalon, Cape May, Cape May Point, Dennis Township, Lower Township, Middle Township, North Wildwood, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, Stone Harbor, Upper Township, West Cape May, West Wildwood, Wildwood, Wildwood Crest and Woodbine; and the Cumberland County municipalities of Bridgeton, Commercial Township, Downe Township, Fairfield Township, Lawrence Township, Maurice River Township, Millville and Vineland as of the 2021 apportionment.
Demographic characteristics
As of the 2020 United States census, the district had a population of 216,124, of whom 173,507 (80.3%) were of voting age. The racial makeup of the district was 148,837 (68.9%) White, 23,585 (10.9%) African American, 1,536 (0.7%) Native American, 2,710 (1.3%) Asian, 42 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 18,897 (8.7%) from some other race, and 20,517 (9.5%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 42,561 (19.7%) of the population.
The district had 162,425 registered voters, of whom 58,060 (35.7%) were registered as unaffiliated, 53,502 (32.9%) were registered as Republicans, 48,219 (29.7%) were registered as Democrats, and 2,644 (1.6%) were registered to other parties.
Political representation
It is entirely located within New Jersey's 2nd congressional district.
1965–1973
During the period of time after the 1964 Supreme Court decision in Reynolds v. Sims and before the establishment of a 40-district legislature in 1973, the 1st district encompassed the entirety of Atlantic, Cape May, and Gloucester counties in the 1965–1967 Senate session (two Senators elected), and Cape May and Cumberland counties in the Senate and Assembly sessions from 1967 through 1973 (one Senator and two Assembly members elected).
In the 1965-1967 Senate session, Republicans John E. Hunt and Frank S. Farley were elected though one seat of the two would become vacant upon Hunt's election to the House of Representatives. In the following two Senate sessions, Republican Robert E. Kay was elected in 1967 for a four-year term followed by Republican James Cafiero for a two-year term in 1971.
For the two-year assembly sessions from 1967 until 1973, Republicans held both seats for the three assembly elections during this period, with Cafiero and James R. Hurley winning in the 1967 and 1969 elections, and Hurley and Joseph W. Chinnici winning in 1971.
District composition since 1973
For the first iteration of the 1st district implemented under the 40 equal districts plan, the district once again encompassed all of Cape May and Cumberland counties. For the sessions following the 1980 census, the 1st included all of Cape May, but only included the Cumberland County cities of Bridgeton, Millville, and Vineland, and the townships of Deerfield, Maurice River, and Upper Deerfield. The 1991 iteration of the 1st included all of Cape May, only Maurice River Township, Millville, and Vineland in Cumberland, and added Buena and Buena Vista Township in Atlantic County. With the exception of adding Atlantic County's Somers Point, the 2001 iteration of the 1st remained the same as the 1991 district. The 2021 apportionment added Bridgeton, and removed Greenwich Township, Hopewell Township, Shiloh and Stow Creek Township.
Election history
Notes:
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WIKI
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Phayao Kingdom
The Phayao Kingdom was a period in the history of Phayao in Northern Thailand. It began with a revolt against the Chiang Rai rule in the northern Thailand.
Legend and history
Phayao legend began with one lord titled Khun Chom Tham, son of Phaya Lao Ngoen Rueang, ruler of the Hiran Ngoenyang Kingdom. During the late reigning period of Phaya Lao Ngoen Rueang, he divided his kingdom among his two sons, Khun Chom Tham and his brother Lao Sin. Lao Sin became the new ruler of Hiran Ngoenyang while Khun Chom Tham gathered an army and citizens to build a new territory. At the age of 25, Khun Chom Tham brought his troops down to Chiang Muan area. In the myth, Khun Chom Tham found a deserted town at the end of the Mountain Range. He expanded it into a city to become his seat and the construction ended in 1094. He named his Kingdom Phukamyao.
Khun Chom Tham's dynasty ruled Phukamyao over 9 generations until the last Phukamyao king gave the throne to his son-in-law, Phaya Ngam Mueang. Ngam Mueang led his Kingdom to it greatest period and renamed it to the Kingdom of Phayao.
History would later mention the Phayao kingdom when Mangrai ascended to the throne of the Kingdom of Ngoenyang in Muang Rao in 1261. Phayao was cited in the wider campaign of Mangrai to consolidate Thai territories, which was driven by two factors: the neighboring kingdoms' slight to his authority; and, the scarcity of space and resources for the growing population of his subjects. The kingdom expanded to the south and Phayao was eventually absorbed as Mangrai founded the Lan Na Kingdom. This development did not immediately transpire with conquest. After invading, Mueang Lai, Chiang Kham, and Chiang Khong, Mangrai concluded an alliance with other kingdoms and these included a pact with Phayao's King Ngam Muang and King Ram Khamhaeng of Sukhothai in 1287. By 1338, the Phayao Kingdom, which was not as powerful as the Lan Na and Sukhothai, was finally annexed into the former.
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Murder in Connecticut law
Murder in Connecticut is defined as the intentional killing, under circumstances defined by law, of people within or under the jurisdiction of the U.S. state of Connecticut. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that in the year 2021, the state had a murder rate somewhat below the median for the entire country.
Murder
Connecticut has four homicide offenses in total, including the two types of murder. Standard murder is defined as when a person, with intent to cause the death of another person, causes the death of such person or of a third person, or causes a suicide by force, duress, or deception. It is punishable by a minimum of 25 years in prison and a maximum of 60 years in prison.
Felony murder rule
Connecticut's felony murder rule is defined as when a victim dies as the result of a perpetration of a violent felony, regardless of intent to kill. Felony murder is punished as the crime of standard murder.
Murder with special circumstances
The most serious form of homicide in Connecticut is murder with special circumstances. Murder with special circumstances constitutes the crime of murder with one of the following circumstances present:
* The victim was a member of the state police, local police, a chief inspector or inspector in the Division of Criminal Justice, a state marshal, a judicial marshal, a constable, a special policeman, a conservation officer, an employee of the Department of Corrections, or any firefighter.
* The murder was the result of a contract killing.
* The murder was committed by someone previously convicted of murder.
* The murder was committed by someone who at the time of the murder was serving a life sentence.
* The murder was committed by a kidnapper either during the course of the kidnapping or prior to the return of the victim.
* The murder was committed during the course of a rape.
* The murder of two or more persons at the single time or in the course of a single criminal transaction.
* The victim was under the age of 16.
Murder with special circumstances is punished only by life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. The death penalty is not an option since Connecticut abolished the death penalty in 2012.
Penalties
The sentences for homicide offenses in Connecticut are listed below.
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WIKI
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ANALYSIS-Expect a bumpy recovery? Exchanges may provide an upside
By Tom Westbrook, John McCrank and Gaurav Dogra
SINGAPORE/NEW YORK/BENGALURU, May 6 (Reuters) - As market volatility has eased after the mayhem of March, investors betting on a rocky economic recovery from the coronavirus crisis are buying shares of exchanges that are poised to profit if more turmoil ensues.
The global exchange sector, which thrives in turbulent markets, has outperformed so far this year, falling only 2% in value compared with a 15% drop in world stocks, a Reuters analysis showed.
As countries around the world went into lockdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus, investors repriced the value of assets including stocks, commodities and derivatives, such as futures and options, to reflect recessions. That led to a surge in trading activity as investors tried to hedge positions, while others made bets on where markets were going to bottom out.
Financial exchanges, such as Singapore Exchange Ltd SGXL.SI, Deutsche Boerse DB1Gn.DE and New York Stock Exchange-owner Intercontinental Exchange Inc ICE.N, all saw profits jump as trading-based fee revenues surged.
Asia's bourses, which are more reliant on volumes than their global peers, have gained the most, the analysis showed, as investors reckon they are best placed to benefit from further volatility.
"I think on balance the trends that have been in place will continue for quite a while," said Scott Gilchrist, who manages an A$680 million ($440 million) portfolio of Japanese stocks at Australia's Platinum Asset Management PTM.AX.
"It's very hard to tell, but my sense - and it's only a gut feel - is that we haven't fully passed through this period of volatility yet," he said.
Gilchrist's fund has been increasing exposure to Japan's GMO Internet Inc 9449.T, owner of a forex trading platform where volumes have been surging, as has GMO's stock, up 9% this year, compared with a 17% drop on Japan's TOPIX index .TOPX.
The 2% decline in the sector globally is largely due to poor performers in Latin America and Africa, obscuring a standout run by Asia's bourses, led by Singapore's SGX, which is benefiting from the uncertain recovery.
"It's a really hard call to make," Michael Syn, head of equities at SGX, where profit hit a 13-year high last quarter amid record turnover, said of the outlook. Markets' optimism seems out of sync with the real economy, he said.
"Is the market pricing in a long future, saying, 'let's not worry about the detail of how we get there?' Or will it suddenly have an aha moment of 'oh my God, I didn't quite understand how bad things are.'"
SGX stock is up 7% this year, one of just two gainers on the national Straits Times Index .STI.
Elsewhere, Deutsche Boerse is up about 3% year-to-date and NYSE-owner ICE is up just under 1%, compared to declines in the DAX .GDAXI and Dow Jones Industrial .DJI indexes of around 19% and 16.5%, respectively.
ASIA'S STRATEGY PAYS OFF
Investors have sought out Asia's exchanges for their high exposure to trading volumes, driving share prices up almost 3% this year compared with declines of about 1% for U.S. exchanges and 5% in Europe.
Over the past decade as U.S. and European peers diversified by purchasing data providers and other adjacent businesses to bring in non-trading revenue, which is more stable, Asia's bourses tended to pursue new financial products, leaving them more dependent on trading revenues, but also with lower debt.
"Everyone's really concerned about recapitalisations, refinancing," said John Pearce, chief investment officer of Australian pension fund UniSuper, the top shareholder of domestic bourse operator ASX Ltd ASX.AX.
"Well, the ASX has got none of those concerns - it's got no debt and market volatility is actually positive for the ASX, so what you're really seeing is the market pricing it as a pretty stable annuity," he said.
To be sure, a repeat of the stratospheric trade volumes of March seems unlikely, especially considering the scale and breadth of the liquidation during the sell-down.
But investors have pointed to Singapore's diversification across asset classes from forex to commodities, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing House Ltd's 0388.HK exposure to China, and technology investment by ASX as boosting long-term prospects.
"Recent outperformance, or resilience, is driven mostly by market volatility," said Kristy Fong, senior investment director of Asian equities at Aberdeen Standard Investments in Singapore, whose funds own all three stocks. "We see these stock exchanges as a good proxy for markets, and given that they are pretty much monopolies with good cash flow, it is quite a safe way to get exposure."
MONETARY HEADWINDS
Policymakers responded to the coronavirus crisis by slashing interest rates and flooding markets with liquidity. That prevented a quick wave of mass defaults, boosting investor confidence and dampening the wild market swings of March.
The potential for a prolonged bout of rock-bottom rates and lower volatility presents the biggest headwind for exchange operators.
Record trading volumes in the first quarter eased into the second quarter as volatility declined, Ed Tilly, chief executive of Chicago-based stock and options exchange operator Cboe Global Markets CBOE.Z, said on anearnings calllast week.
"No one can say with certainty how this situation will play out, but the path to recovery is unlikely to be linear," he said.
CME Group CME.O, the world's biggest futures exchange operator and also based in Chicago, saw average daily volumes halve last month, compared with March.
Nevertheless, volumes are up from a year ago and CME's executives were upbeat about the outlook on anearnings calllast week.
Other operators have seen silver linings, such as a surge in emergency capital-raising in Australia, benefiting ASX.
"I wish every company we owned was trading like ASX," said UniSuper's Pearce.
($1 = 1.5494 Australian dollars)
IPOs at leading exchanges in the first quarterhttps://tmsnrt.rs/2L0Meet
GRAPHIC: Exchanges monthly trade volume by regionhttps://tmsnrt.rs/3dfstfl
GRAPHIC: Exchange operators and MSCI World Index's performance this yearhttps://tmsnrt.rs/2SD0Tkp
GRAPHIC: Singapore exchange's out-performancehttps://tmsnrt.rs/2KYaptY
GRAPHIC: Performance of some key sectors this yearhttps://tmsnrt.rs/2Wzv4tY
(Reporting by Tom Westbrook in Singapore, John McCrank in New York and Gaurav Dogra in Bengaluru; Editing by Leslie Adler)
((tom.westbrook@tr.com; +65 6318 4876;))
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Continuous glucose monitor
A continuous glucose monitor (CGM) is a device used for monitoring blood glucose on a continual basis instead of monitoring glucose levels periodically by drawing a drop of blood from a finger. This is known as continuous glucose monitoring. CGMs are used by people who treat their diabetes with insulin, for example people with type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, or other types of diabetes, such as gestational diabetes.
A continuous glucose monitor has three parts:
* a small electrode that is placed under the skin
* a transmitter that sends readings from the electrode to a receiver at regular intervals (every 1 to 15 minutes)
* a separate receiver that shows the glucose level on a display.
Currently approved CGMs use an enzymatic technology which reacts with glucose molecules in the body's interstitial fluid to generate an electric current that is proportional to glucose concentration. Data about glucose concentration is then relayed from a transmitter attached to the sensor to a receiver and display that shows the data to the user.
Some CGM devices must be calibrated periodically with traditional blood glucose measurements, but others do not require calibration by the user.
Benefits
Continuous glucose monitoring is gaining in popularity for a variety of reasons.
* Traditional fingerstick testing measures blood glucose levels at only a single point in time. CGM enables users to see blood glucose levels continually, as well as trends in blood glucose levels over time.
* CGM is more convenient and less painful than traditional fingerstick testing.
* Some studies have demonstrated that CGM users spend less time in hypoglycemia or with lower glycated hemoglobin, both of which are favorable outcomes.
* Continuous glucose monitors appear to lower hemoglobin A1c levels more than just monitoring with capillary blood testing, particularly when CGM is used by people with poorly controlled diabetes and combined with the use of an integrated insulin pump. However, a Cochrane systematic review found limited and conflicting evidence of the effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring systems in children, adults, and users with poorly controlled diabetes.
Limitations
Continuous glucose monitoring has some important limitations:
* CGM systems are not sufficiently accurate for detecting hypoglycemia, a common side-effect of diabetes treatment. This is especially problematic because some devices have alarm functions to warn users about a hypoglycemic condition, and people might rely on those alarms. However, the Cochrane systematic review showed that the use of continuous glucose monitors did not increase the risk of hypoglycemia or ketoacidosis. Some manufacturers warn users about relying solely on CGM-measurements. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends validating hypoglycaemic values with fingerprick testing.
* Another limitation of CGM is that glucose levels are taken from the body's interstitial fluid rather than from the blood. Because it takes time for glucose to travel from the bloodstream into the interstitial fluid, there is an inherent lag between actual blood glucose level and the level measured by the CGM. This lag time varies by both user and device, but it is usually 5 to 20 minutes.
Flash glucose monitoring
The original Freestyle Libre monitor introduced by Abbott Diabetes Care in 2015 was described as doing "flash glucose monitoring," with a disposable 14-day sensor probe under the skin (as with other CGM sensors), but factory-calibrated without requiring calibration against a fingerstick glucose test. The sensor measures the glucose level of interstitial fluids (as a proxy for blood sugar levels) continuously; up to eight hours of these readings, averaged over each 15-minute period, are stored in the sensor unit, unlike most other CGM systems, which use a wireless link (typically Bluetooth) to an external device for each reading. Data stored in the sensor are transmitted on demand to a "reader" held within a centimeter or two of the sensor unit, employing near-field communication (NFC) technology. As only eight hours worth of data can be stored, downloads must not be spaced more than eight hours apart.
Differences in US insurance coverage favoring "flash glucose monitoring" over "continuous glucose monitoring" were an advantage to early adoption of Abbott's less expensive system. In the UK, flash glucose monitors and sensors are available to many patients without charge on the National Health Service (NHS).
The later Freestyle Libre 2 version of Abbott's device uses different, incompatible, sensors. It can be programmed to transmit a low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) or high sugar warning via Bluetooth to a nearby device and, as of 2023, transmits glucose readings via Bluetooth on a 60-second basis effectively making a CGM and not a flash glucose monitor. The following Freestyle Libre 3 is smaller, and transmits its readings via Bluetooth, as other meters do; it is not described as flash monitoring.
United States
The first CGM system was approved by the FDA in 1999. Continued development has extended the length of time sensors can be worn, options for receiving and reading data, and settings for alerting users of high and low glucose levels.
The first iteration of the Medtronic MiniMed took glucose readings every ten seconds with average readings reported every five minutes. Sensors could be worn for up to 72 hours.
A second system, developed by Dexcom, was approved in 2006. The sensor was approved for use for up to 72 hours, and the receiver needed to be within five feet for transmission of data.
In 2008, the third model was approved, Abbott Laboratories' Freestyle Navigator. Sensors could be worn for up to five days.
In 2012, Dexcom released a new device that allowed for the sensor to be worn for seven days and had a transmission distance of 20 feet. Dexcom later introduced an app allowing data from the sensor to be transmitted to an iPhone. This system was approved for pediatric use in 2015.
In September 2017, the FDA approved the first CGM that does not require calibration with fingerstick measurement, the FreeStyle Libre. The Libre is considered a "flash monitoring" system (FGM), and thus not a true ("real-time") CGM system. This device could be worn for up to ten days, but required 12 hours to start readings. and was followed by an updated device that could be worn for up to 14 days, and needed only one hour to start a new sensor. The FreeStyle Libre 2 was approved in Europe in October 2018, and enabled configuration of alerts when glucose is out of range.
In June 2018, the FDA approved the Eversense CGM system (manufactured by Senseonics Inc) for use in people 18 years of age and older with diabetes. This is the first FDA-approved CGM to include a fully implantable sensor to detect glucose, which can be worn for up to 90 days. The Eversense XL, a 180-day version of the system, was approved in Europe in October 2017.
China
China develops and produces CGM systems. The first CGM system to be approved for the European Union is manufactured by Medtrum Technologies. The sensor's intended use is up to 14 days and measures glucose levels every 2 minutes via a smartphone application. Medtrum was founded in 2008 and is based in Shanghai, China.
At the end of 2017, Medtrum introduced the TouchCare A6 CGM (later A7 or Slim in some countries) which measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid up to 14 days. The TouchCare system comes with mobile applications, including a remote view application. The TouchCare system has glucose alerts and requires calibration every 24 hours.
At the end of 2021 the Medtrum Nano was announced, a very slim device not requiring calibration, approved for up to 14 days use, with customizable glucose alerts.
Medtrum makes both CGM and insulin pumps, both controlled by a single smartphone application which enables the user to monitor glucose levels and trigger insulin delivery in a closed-loop system.
United Kingdom
UK NICE guidelines introduced for the NHS in March 2022 in England and Wales advise that all Type 1 diabetic patients should be offered either flash glucose monitoring or CGM. People with Type 2 diabetes should be offered flash glucose monitoring or CGM if they use insulin twice daily or more, are otherwise advised to finger-prick eight times a day, have recurrent or severe hypoglycemia, have impaired hypoglycemia awareness, or cannot monitor their own blood sugar levels but they or a caretaker could use a scanning device. Details differ in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Device characteristics
* Continuous versus flash monitoring: Dexcom, Eversense, and Libre 2 and 3 use continuous monitoring where information on the glucose levels are continuously updated. Continuous monitoring allows to set automatic alarms that are triggered when the glucose level goes out of pre-configured thresholds. In contrast, with flash monitoring such as the Freestyle Libre1, the glucose level is read automatically by the sensor; however, data is only transmitted to the user on user request. The glucose information stored on the sensor contains all the data since the previous read (up to 8 hours). FreeStyle Libre 2 allows configuration of alarms when glucose reaches a pre-determined level.
* Implantable sensors: Since the electronics and battery require a relatively large package, most CGM sensors are worn over the skin with the actual sensing probe penetrating the skin. However the Eversense sensor is an actual implant, and receives its power wirelessly from a so-called transmitter worn above the skin. The "transmitter" receives data from the sensor every 5 minutes and forwards that data to a nearby device wirelessly. However unlike the Freestyle Libre, the implanted device is too small to have its own battery and memory, so that no glucose readings are generated during periods in which the transmitter is not being worn. The transmitter must be removed at least once a day for recharging (10 minutes) and replacement of the adhesive.
Closed-loop system
The CGM is a key element in the development of a "closed-loop" system for the treatment of type I diabetes. A closed-loop system monitors blood glucose by CGM and sends data to an insulin pump for calculated delivery of insulin without user intervention. A number of insulin pumps currently offer an "auto mode" however this is not yet a fully closed loop system. There are several implementations, including the artificial pancreas system and the open source OpenAPS.
Emerging CGM technologies
The continuous glucose monitoring space remains subject to extensive research and development in building lower cost, more accurate and more easy-to-use sensing solutions, some of which aim to be noninvasive. A noninvasive CGM has been defined as a medical device that can measure glucose levels in the body without puncturing the skin, drawing blood or causing any pain.
As of August 2023, besides Dexcom and Abbott Diabetes, no other manufacturer has attained a significant market share worldwide. There have been regulatory approvals of noninvasive sensing systems in Europe, though market adoption has been low, not affecting the Abbott-Dexcom dominance.
Emerging invasive CGM technologies
Multiple invasive CGM solutions have been under development since the early 2000s.
Senseonics has commercialized its 180-day Eversense XL sensing systems in both the U.S. and European markets. In June 2023, it announced what it deemed favorable safety and accuracy data for its 365-day sensor, suggesting it may be commercializable in the future. In June 2024, Senseonics announced intent to launch sales of the 365-day sensor in 2025.
A solution built by U.S. firm GlySens, aimed to remove the need for an external reader by creating a sensor that could be implanted under the skin, that directly transmitted glucose values to an external app. As of August 2023, this undertaking has stalled and the system has not been approved anywhere and the company is defunct.
Another invasive CGM technology under development by Profusa Inc, based in Emeryville, California, builds on sensing research projects previously undertaken by the company under DARPA grants. This technology is composed of a hydrogel microsensor that is placed under the skin subcutaneously in a non-surgical procedure. In a 2020 literature review several biomedical engineers supported Profusa’s claims that the non-surgical insertion procedure differentiates it favorably from Senseonics’ Eversense system, as the latter requires a surgical procedure to insert and remove the sensor. The Profusa sensor allegedly also does not need to be removed because it overcomes the foreign body response. A reader is placed on the skin on top of where the sensor is, with the sensor transmitting a light signal to it. The sensor is claimed to last for three to six months. The is information then passed on to a smartphone where it can be tracked through an app. As of August 2023, this sensor has not attained regulatory approval in any jurisdiction, though a similar Profusa system measuring oxygen levels under the skin, has CE certification in Europe. Profusa has filed to go public via SPAC transaction.
A similar approach was under development by another California-based company called Metronom Health. This company has not released news releases, nor has any news covered any progress in terms of its research and development.
Yet another invasive approach is being developed by Belgium-based Indigo Diabetes. Indigo states that it is developing a CGM called a "continuous multi-metabolite monitoring system (CMM)". It is designed to provide people living with diabetes access to information on their glucose and other metabolite levels at any given time. It has yet to attain regulatory approval. It completed a clinical trial in April 2024.
Emerging noninvasive CGM technologies
The ease of use many CGM users expect would be provided by a safe and accurate noninvasive device has led to significant innovation and research.
Noninvasive approaches can be divided into interstitial fluid-based, radio frequency-based or breath-based. Interstitial fluid-analyzing sensors either use a device to analyze fluid on the skin or under the skin by sending infrared lasers to detect glucose levels in fluid. Radio frequency devices go through the skin and may derive glucose level information from blood directly.
Apple has reportedly been working on a noninvasive CGM that it seeks to integrate into its Apple Watch. In March 2023 it was reported to have established proof-of-concept of a noninvasive CGM. Another company working on noninvasive CGM is Masimo, which sued Apple for patent infringement in this area in 2020. Masimo has also filed new patents through its subsidiary Cercacor (pending as of September 2023) covering a joint continuous glucose monitoring and pump-closed loop delivery system.
Samsung announced that it would be incorporating glucose monitoring with its smartwatch with a targeted release year of 2025. As of October 2023 the last update was in December 2022. It is not clear whether the watch will integrate readings from an external CGM such as Dexcom's or Abbott's, or work standalone. The company in 2020 published literature regarding a non-invasive method it had developed with MIT scientists to engage in continuous glucose monitoring using spectroscopy. The company has filed patents related to this technology.
SugarBeat, built by Nemaura Medical, is a wireless non-invasive blood glucose monitoring system using a disposable skin patch. The patch connects to a rechargeable transmitter which detects blood sugar and transfers the data to a mobile app every five minutes. The patch can be used for 24 hours. Electronic currents are used to draw interstitial fluid to the surface to analyse the glucose level. SugarBeat has achieved regulatory approval in Saudi Arabia and Europe, though market penetration rates remain very low. The company declared US$503,906 in revenue for the fiscal year ending March 2022, which compares to Dexcom's more than $3 billion. it had submitted a US FDA premarket approval application for sugarBEAT.
Another noninvasive system is built by US company Movano Health. It uses a small ring placed on the arm. Movano said in 2021 that it was building the smallest ever custom radio frequency (RF)-enabled sensor designed for simultaneous blood pressure and glucose monitoring. Movano is listed as MOVE on NASDAQ. By August 2023 Movano had shifted to building sensor rings for other parameters, such as heart rate, blood oxygen levels, respiration rate, skin temperature variability, and menstrual symptom tracking.
DiaMonTech AG is a Berlin, Germany-based privately-held company developing the D-Pocket, a non-CGM glucose sensor that uses infrared laser technology to scan the tissue fluid in the skin and detect glucose molecules. Short pulses of infrared light are sent to the skin, which are absorbed by the glucose molecules. This generates heat waves that are detected using its patented IRE-PTD method. The company claims a high selectivity of its method, results of a first study have been published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. In this study, a Median Absolute Relative Difference of 11.3% is claimed. DiaMonTech has announced that its envisioned follow-up product D-Sensor, will feature continuous measurements, making it a CGM though no release date has been given.
The BioXensor developed by British company BioRX uses patented radio frequency technology, alongside a multiple sensor (also capturing blood oxygen levels, ECG, respiration rate, heart rate and body temperature) approach. The company claims this enables the measurement of blood glucose levels every minute reliably, accurately, and non-invasively. BioXensor had not received regulatory approval.
Haifa, Israel-based company HAGAR completed a study of its GWave non-invasive CGM, reporting high accuracy. This sensor uses radiofrequency waves to measure glucose levels in the blood. The device had not received regulatory approval anywhere as of August 2023. One of the criticisms of radiofrequency technology as a way of measuring glucose is that studies in 2019 found that glucose can only be detected in the far infrared (nanometer wavelengths), rather than radiofrequencies even in the centimeter and millimeter wavelength range, putting into question the viability of radio frequencies for measuring glucose.
Glucomodicum is based in Helsinki, Finland. Their attempted solution uses interstitial fluid to non-invasively measure glucose levels continuously. It does not have regulatory approval.
KnowLabs is a Seattle, U.S-based company building a CGM called the Bio-RFID sensor, which works by sending radio waves through the skin to measure molecular signatures in the blood, which Know Labs' machine learning algorithms use to compute the user's blood sugar levels. The company reported that it had built a prototype, but had not attained regulatory approval as of August 2023.
Spiden is a Swiss startup building a multi-biomarker and drug level monitoring noninvasive smartwatch wearable with continuous glucose monitoring capability as its first application. It has so far not attained regulatory approval as of October 2023. In January of 2024, Spiden declared it had developed a prototype, with a claimed MARD (Mean Absolute Relative Difference) value to a reference glucose measurement of approximately 9%.
Occuity, a Reading, UK-based startup is taking a different approach to noninvasive glucose monitoring, by using the eye. The company is developing the Occuity Indigo, which will measure the change in refractive index of the eye to determine the concentration of glucose in the blood.
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WIKI
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fern seed
Noun
* 1) One of the asexual, dustlike spores of a fern which resemble seeds.
* Superstition held that fern seed renders one invisible.
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WIKI
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1
My entry template looks for the category of the entry
{% for category in entry.productCategory %}
{{ category.uri }}
{% endfor %}
This will output products/[category slug] as I intended. There is only one value in the loop.
As soon as I wrap the category URI in HTML like this:
{% for category in entry.productCategory %}
<a href="{{ category.uri }}">view</a>
{% endfor %}
The URI doubles: eg the output is repeated so the template renders {{ category.uri }} as
products/[category slug]/products/[category slug]
Am I missing something in the loop / or Twig behaviour?
• That is extremely odd behaviour - there is no reason why the HTML would make any difference. What happens if you add one line with HTML and one without within the same loop? Also, what are your category URL formats set to in the CP? – Luke Pearce Aug 2 '16 at 12:00
• Same thing as above – joomkit Aug 2 '16 at 15:52
1
Using {{category.uri}} is likely just appending to the page's URL. You can use either {{category.url}} or {{siteUrl~category.uri}} to get the full URL.
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1
Looked into this some more: I think this was due to my local development multiconfig environment having a similar url to the live and the order in which they appear in the config seemed to be responsible for creating some repeated URL segments. I changed the local URL ( MAMP) to something different and {{ category.url }} works fine
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Anabolic Steroids and Diabetes – Effects on your Glucose Levels
Anabolic Steroids and Diabetes – Effects on your Glucose Levels
Health and Fitness
People use anabolic steroids for various reasons, such as medical purposes and as a performance-enhancing drug. When it comes to medical purposes, steroids are used to treat asthma, anaemia, breast cancers, joint pain, and muscle wasting diseases, surgery, and other diseases.
Bodybuilders and athletes use anabolic steroids to improve their physical appearance and increase their body strength and overall performance.
As we already know, anabolic steroids side effects with them when you take high doses and use them for the long term. Here we will discuss one of them: Anabolic steroids and diabetes. A research study (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4112077/) has proven that steroids induced diabetes. So, this article will describe anabolic steroids’ effects on your glucose level.
What Are Anabolic Steroids?
Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of a naturally occurring hormone which is called testosterone. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone that is responsible for different growth and development in the male body.
Women do produce a very small amount of testosterone level. Anabolic steroids are also referred to as steroids or anabolic-androgenic steroids. The term ‘anabolic’ refers to muscle tissue building, and the term ‘androgenic’ refers to changes in male characteristics such as deep voice, facial and body hair growth, and other sexual organs.
Anabolic steroids come in two different forms:
• Oral anabolic steroids (pills, capsule, and tablets)
• Injectable anabolic steroids (injections)
Both of them are used for various purposes. You can find Anabolic steroids for sale from the top resellers. Many people believe that all the oral steroids are liver toxic because it directly goes into your body, but it is not true many injectable steroids are also liver toxic.
When you are using liver toxic steroids, you have to use Samarin or SamaGen. This liver protection saves you from various liver diseases and liver damage.
What Are the Role Of Steroids?
Steroids won’t cure you 100%, but they are used to reduce inflammation and pain that you are suffering from various diseases. Steroids are used to treat various illnesses as mentioned below:
• Chronic disease
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Lupus
• Asthma
• Ulcerative colitis
• Breast cancer
Steroids, whether it is about corticosteroids or anabolic steroids, both of them increase your blood glucose level. However, all anabolic steroids won’t cause these effects. When it comes to corticosteroids, they mimic the action of cortisol.
This hormone is produced by the kidney and is responsible for bringing our body’s stress response to high blood pressure. It also increases blood glucose levels.
The use of corticosteroids increases insulin resistance; thus, it allows to raise blood glucose levels and remains higher. Many anabolic steroids usage may increase your blood glucose level.
Can I use Steroids If I Already Have Diabetes?
As we already know, synthetic steroids elevate glucose levels (hyperglycemia), so this can be challenging for people with diabetes. The best way to counteract hyperglycemia that is caused by steroids is Insulin.
When you take steroids pills at home, you need to ask your provider for guidance on the dose to take your current insulin. Some steroids, such as prednisone, can raise your glucose level during the day. This will be noticeable in the morning.
When you take the prednisone pill, your glucose level might be the same, but later on, in the day, it will get higher. This is because steroids increase insulin resistance that causes your body’s insulin or the insulin which you injects in your body that does not work well. Many people think that blood sugar levels rise because of what they eat, but the actual reason is steroids.
Why Does Blood Sugar Rise By Using Steroids?
A research study (https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/insulin-resistance.html) has found that the use of steroids spikes your glucose levels by making your liver more resistant to insulin.
For example, insulin resistance, in which your body responds less effectively to insulin which leads to higher blood sugar. When steroids are present in your body, insulin doesn’t normally work as it does.
Steroids cause higher blood glucose levels that then recovers to normal before the next dose. These high blood glucose levels vary on the person and the steroids’ type, dosage, and frequency. The most common finding is blood glucose levels are not consistent throughout the day.
What Are The Tips For Diabetes Management While On Steroids?
Here are the most common tips according to Medical News Today Report (https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317015#taking-steroids-with-diabetes):
• Keep tracking your urine or blood ketones to make sure your blood glucose (BG) levels are not too high.
• Always check your BG level. Experts recommend checking it four or more times per day.
• Ask your doctor to increase the insulin dosage or D-medication based on your BG level and other health considerations.
• Consult your doctor if your BG level rises too high while taking steroids.
• Always carry glucose tablets, candy, or juice with you even if your blood sugar level drops suddenly.
• When a person reduces steroids dosage, they should also reduce the insulin equivalent dosage or oral medication until it returns to the original dosage. Don’t stop steroids usage instantly, as it may cause various illnesses.
• You have to wait for at least 4 to 6 hours to adjust your insulin doses.
• You can use the continuous glucose monitor (CGM) tool to keep track of your glucose levels.
Do Steroids Induce Permanent Diabetes?
When you stop using steroids, your high blood glucose level may subside gradually. However, some people may also develop type 2 diabetes which will need to be managed for your entire life. Note that type 2 diabetes is more likely to develop when you use steroids for the long term, especially when you use them longer than 3 months.
Conclusion
If you already have diabetes and you will use steroids that will spike your blood sugar level. Make sure to keep track every day while using steroids. Above, we have mentioned some tips that help you keep away from any dangerous effects.
You always need to consult your doctor before taking steroids. They will guide the best dosage to get effective results with minimum side effects. You can also take advice from professional experts (https://wikistero.com/contact-us/) anytime.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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A Divided Senate Committee Advances William Barr Nomination
WASHINGTON — A polarized Senate Judiciary Committee advanced the nomination of William P. Barr to be President Trump’s second confirmed attorney general on Thursday, as Republicans and Democrats split over his views on executive authority and the special counsel’s ongoing Russia investigation. Mr. Barr will now go before the full Republican-controlled Senate, where he is expected to be confirmed and sworn into office as soon as next week. If confirmed, he would promptly assume responsibility for the special counsel investigation led by Robert S. Mueller III into possible ties between Mr. Trump, his associates and Russia, and whether the president obstructed justice. Mr. Barr will get at least one Democratic vote in the full Senate. Senator Doug Jones, Democrat of Alabama, announced his support on Thursday. But the committee’s debate and subsequent 12-10 party-line vote to effectively endorse Mr. Barr to the full Senate revealed how fraught the politics around the Justice Department have become after two years of unrelenting attacks by Mr. Trump. Even so, many Democrats are privately eager for Mr. Barr to be confirmed, believing that he would be a vast improvement over Matthew G. Whitaker, the current acting attorney general who is relatively inexperienced and fiercely loyal to Mr. Trump. Mr. Whitaker was scheduled to testify on Friday before the House Judiciary Committee, but on Thursday, he said he will not appear before Congress unless the committee assures him he will not be subpoenaed. The House committee voted along party lines on Wednesday to prepare just such a subpoena in case Mr. Whitaker backed out. Mr. Barr, who previously served as attorney general in the 1990s, presented himself in his confirmation hearing last month as a set of steady hands who would guard the department’s independence. He said he would permit Mr. Mueller to finish his work, and he pledged to allow as much transparency as possible around the investigation’s findings. Republicans signaled that they were broadly satisfied with Mr. Barr’s word, and Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, the committee’s chairman, opened the hearing by saying that “the time has come for new leadership at the department.” But Democrats, at least those on the committee, remain deeply mistrustful that Mr. Barr’s public statements left him a dangerous amount of discretion to curtail the investigation or suppress its findings if so ordered. They did not question his qualifications. “This is not the time to install an attorney general who has repeatedly espoused a view of unfettered executive power,” said Senator Amy Klobuchar, Democrat of Minnesota, summarizing the heart of her party’s objections. If confirmed, Mr. Barr, 68, would join only a handful of Americans to return to the same high-level government post in which they already served. Under President George H.W. Bush, he served as the head of the department’s Office of Legal Counsel, then as deputy attorney general and ultimately attorney general from 1991 to 1993. He enjoyed bipartisan support during his earlier tenure, but advanced an unusually expansive view of executive powers that, reconsidered in light of Mr. Trump’s unorthodox presidency, has fueled Democrats concerns about Mr. Barr’s independence from the current president. A 2018 memorandum drafted by Mr. Barr in which he strongly criticized one of Mr. Mueller’s main lines of inquiry — whether Mr. Trump had obstructed justice — became the focus of Democratic concerns. Senator Dianne Feinstein of California, the panel’s top Democrat, called it “disqualifying.” Mr. Barr downplayed his views in a confirmation hearing last month, telling senators he would refuse any order from the president to fire Mr. Mueller without good cause. “I am in a position in life where I can provide the leadership necessary to protect the independence and reputation of the department,” he said. Mr. Barr said that he expected the attorney general would receive Mr. Mueller’s findings, likely in the form of a report, and then produce his own report to Congress based on the material. If he was that attorney general, he said he would strive for transparency, though would not guarantee he would share the findings in full. Republicans and Democrats continued to debate the efficacy of those pledges on Thursday, largely ignoring the nominee’s views on policy matters unrelated to the Russia investigation. “I have to say that former attorney general Barr’s toplines on this issue were terrific,” said Senator Sheldon Whitehouse, Democrat of Rhode Island. “But once you got down below the towline, once you got into the weeds,” his views suggest he would be willing to suppress Mr. Mueller’s findings if ordered to do so by the White House. Mr. Graham retorted that Mr. Barr had promised him “he would not allow executive privilege to be used as a reason to cover up wrongdoing.” “I will hold him that,” he added.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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I decided to write this post due to the frustration and lack of information out there on how to make HTML5 widgets for Adobe Captivate. There is almost no documentation on this and the only useful article I could find was riddled with mistakes. My approach may not be the best but this should get you started.
First things first, you will need to make two versions of your widget – a SWF version and a HTML5 version. Even if you don’t plan on using the SWF version, it is required during authortime in Captivate and is where you can provide the edit mode GUI.
These two versions are packaged up into a .wdgt file which is just a zip file with the extension changed to wdgt.
To get started create a folder with the name of your widget, then inside this create two more folders called ‘swf’ and ‘html5’ like so:
dirs
Once you have these folders set up you need to create some xml files that describe the contents of the package. The first one is called ‘description.xml’ and is placed in the root widget folder. Here is a sample of what it contains:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<widget spec="2" name="Certificate" description="Widget description" uri="www.yourdomain.com" version="1.0" type="static">
<authors>
<author name="Your name" email="yourname@yourdomain.com" organization="Organisation name" uri="www.yourdomain.com">
<about>Widget Developer</about>
</author>
</authors>
<license name="CC" description="Creative Commons License" text="Feel free to use this" uri="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"/>
<formats>
<format type="swf">
<!-- Name of SWF version -->
<content source="progessBar.swf"/>
</format>
<format type="html5">
<!-- Name of HTML5 version descriptor -->
<content source="progressBar_oam.xml"/>
</format>
</formats>
</widget>
dirs2
Your main widget folder should now look like this:
In the html5 folder you will now need to create a descriptor for the html5 version. This follows an ‘OAM’ spec which I don’t know anything about, all you really need to know is that it will contain the following. (See this Adobe doc on creating wdgt files for more information on this file). It should be saved in the html5 folder and the name should match the name specified in the description.xml file.
<widget name="ProgressBar" id="com.yourdomain.widgets.ProgressBar"
spec="0.1b" jsClass='ProgressBar' sandbox='true' width='214' height='20'
xmlns="http://openajax.org/metadata">
<!-- Required tag specifies any external depencies your widget might have such as images, jQuery etc, see http://helpx.adobe.com/captivate/using/create-wdgt-files.html -->
<requires/>
<!-- Main widget JS file -->
<javascript src="js/progBar.js"/>
<!-- Properties tag currently not supported -->
<properties />
<content type='fragment'>
<![CDATA[
<!-- Contents of the widget (HTML that will be added to the widgets 'body' element -->
]]>
</content>
</widget>
Now that we have all the folders and xml files set up we can get started on actually creating the widget. First we will create the HTML5 version. In the html5 folder create a new folder called JS and then inside here create a new JS file. This will be the main JS file for your widget and the name should match the name you specified in the oam xml file. Here is the basic structure of the JS widget file:
var ProgressBarWDGT = {
onLoad: function() {
if ( ! this.captivate ) {
return;
}
// get captivate movie props reference
this.movieProps = this.captivate.CPMovieHandle.getMovieProps();
if ( ! this.movieProps ) {
return;
}
// get any custom widget params xml - returns an xml string
this.widgetParams = this.captivate.CPMovieHandle.widgetParams();
// get captivate variable handle
this.varHandle = this.movieProps.variablesHandle;
// get captivate event handle
this.eventDisp = this.movieProps.eventDispatcher;
// example of listening to Captivate event
this.eventDisp.addEventListener(this.eventDisp.SLIDE_ENTER_EVENT,function(e){
// do something on slide enter
});
// insert all other widget code here
},
onUnload: function() {
/*Unload your widget here*/
}
}
var ProgressBar = function () {
return ProgressBarWDGT;
}
One of the biggest challenges I faced was figuring out how to listen to Captive events in the Javascript version of the widget. I found absolutely no documentation on this and resorted to going through the published Captivate JS files and inspecting using the Chrome dev tools to find anything that referred to events. I decided to document the JS events below so you don’t have to do the same and also since they are slightly different to the AS3 versions.
Using addEventListener you can add your event listeners to the eventDisp handle:
// add listener to the eventDisp object, using eventDisp 'constants' as the event type
this.eventDisp.addEventListener(this.eventDisp.SLIDE_ENTER_EVENT,function(e){
// do something on slide enter
});
Here is a list of the event constants:
Once you have created you JS widget you need to create you SWF version. Open up Captivate and go to File > New Project > Widget in Flash to get a new widget template. Here you can create your widget as normal, I am not going to go into this here as there are other resources on creating SWF widgets on the net.
When your widget is ready publish the SWF and paste it into the ‘swf’ folder we created inside our widget folder. Make sure the name matches the swf name in the description.xml file.
With all your required files created you should end up with a folder structure which looks like the following:
cpfiles
Now all that’s left is to package it.
Select the contents of the widget folder and zip it up.
Rename the .zip extension to .wdgt.
Then copy the WDGT file into the Captivate widgets folder (Program Files/Adobe/Captivate [X version]/Gallery/Widgets)
Now you can refresh the Widgets panel in Captivate and insert the widget as normal. Captivate will choose either the HTML5 or SWF version depending on your publish settings.
That is all your should need to get started with a basic HTML5 widget for Captivate.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Martin Coll
Martin Coll is a Gaelic footballer who played with Donegal as a defender. He was the1st representative of Gaoth Dobhair to start a championship game for Donegal in over 2 decades but was sent off early on (1998 Ulster Semi-Final). He continued his involvement with Donegal into the 21st century.
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WIKI
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Page:The Elements of Euclid for the Use of Schools and Colleges - 1872.djvu/365
12. If two isosceles triangles are on the same base the str-aight line joining their vertices, or that straight line produced, will bisect the base at right angles.
13. Find a point in a given straight line such that its distances from two given points may be equal.
14. Through two given points on opposite sides of a given straight line draw two straight lines which shall meet in that given straight line, and include an angle bisected by that given straight line.
15. A given angle BAC is bisected; if CA is produced to G and the angle BAG bisected, the two bisecting lines are at right angles.
16. If four straight lines meet at a point so that the opposite angles are equal, these straight lines are two and two in the same straight line.
I. 16 to 26.
17. ABC is a triangle and the angle A is bisected by a straight line which meets BC at D; shew that BA is greater than BD, and CA greater than CD.
18. In the figure of I. 17 shew that ABC and ACB are together less than two right angles, by joining A to any point in BC.
19. A BCD is a quadrilateral of which AD is the longest side and BC the shortest; shew that the angle ABC is greater than the angle ADC, and the angle BCD greater than the angle BAD.
20. If a straight line be drawn through A one of the angular points of a square, cutting one of the opposite sides, and meeting the other produced at F, shew that AF is greater than the diagonal of the square.
21. The perpendicular is the shortest straight line that can be drawn from a given point to a given straight line; and of others, that which is nearer to the perpendicular is less than the more remote; and two, and only two, equal straight lines can be drawn from the given point to the given straight line, one on each side of the perpendicular.
22. The sum of the distances of any point from the three angles of a triangle is greater than half the sum of the sides of the triangle.
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WIKI
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Old St. Andrew's Parish Church
Saint Andrew's Parish Church is located in Charleston, South Carolina, along the west side of the Ashley River. Built in 1706 it is the oldest surviving church building south of Virginia. Its historic graveyard dates from the church's establishment. Expanded in 1723 into the shape of a cross, the church is the only remaining colonial cruciform church in South Carolina. In 1973 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Old St. Andrew's, as it is commonly called, remains an active place of worship and is affiliated with the Anglican Diocese of South Carolina and the Anglican Church in North America.
Establishment
The Church Act of 1706 established the Church of England as the official state supported religion in the Carolina colony, created the parish system, with both secular and ecclesiastical functions, named ten parishes within the boundaries of the three existing counties (Craven, Berkeley, and Colleton), and designated ten Anglican churches to serve the inhabitants of these parishes. St. Andrew's Parish Church was named to serve residents along the Ashley River.
St. Andrew's Parish was approximately 280 square miles: 40 miles north-to-south and 7 miles east-to-west. It was bordered on the south by Folly Island and the Atlantic Ocean, to the east by St. James Goose Creek Parish (through the middle of today's Charleston International Airport), to the west by Rantowles Creek and St. Paul's Parish, and to the north into today's Dorchester County. The area where the English settlers first landed in 1680, today called Charles Towne Landing State Historic Site, is located in St. Andrew's Parish.
Residents in the northern part of the parish soon found it too difficult to travel to other parts of the parish, so in 1717 the parish was cut in half. The northern half became the parish of St. George's, Dorchester, with its southern boundary about a mile south of Middleton Place. The new St. Andrew's Parish consisted of today's West Ashley and James Island and operated as a governmental jurisdiction until 1865 when it became part of the Charleston District.
The Early Church
St. Andrew's Parish Church was built in 1706. It was forty feet long and twenty-five feet wide, built of brick, with a roof of pine, and had two doors and five small, square windows. A wider "great" door was used by the gentry and faced the river. A narrower "small" door was used by commoners and clergy and faced west. It is likely that enslaved Africans built the church. A graveyard of seven acres surrounded the church. The first rector was Rev. Alexander Wood. He arrived in 1708 and died two years later. He was succeeded by Rev. Ebenezer Taylor (1712–17), whose tenure was marked by turmoil among his churchwardens, vestry, and parishioners. Taylor was a moderate Presbyterian minister who was recruited by Rev. Gideon Johnston, the Anglican commissary (the Bishop of London's personal representative), to become an ordained Anglican minister. Johnston presented Taylor to the vestry of St. Andrew's Parish Church as Wood's successor. His idea was that Taylor could siphon off Presbyterians to the Church of England in this majority Presbyterian parish. The vestry reluctantly accepted him as rector.
Taylor did not lure Presbyterians to the Anglican fold. In fact, his stubborn personality and unfamiliarity with Anglican customs alienated the very Anglicans he was called to serve. His work among the enslaved on parish plantations, a ministry which few ministers undertook at the time, was another sore point. During his tenure, Indian raids during the Yamasee War occurred almost as far as the Ashley River. In long letters to London, Taylor complained bitterly of the treatment he received from his parishioners. Toward the end of his tenure the churchwardens and vestry nailed the church windows shut and locked the door to prevent him from entering the church and conducting worship services. In 1717 Taylor was banished to North Carolina, where he died three years later.
Stability and Expansion
Rev. William Guy succeeded Ebenezer Taylor in 1718, serving until his death in 1750. His thirty-two-year tenure was one of the longest in the church's history and was even more remarkable in an age where frequent clergy turnover from illness, death, or transfer was the norm. If Ebenezer Taylor was disliked by his parish, William Guy was beloved.
Reverend Guy chronicled parish life in the many letters he sent to the SPG. He began the parish's first register, the official repository of births, baptisms, marriages, and deaths, when churches and not government agencies maintained vital statistics. He established a chapel on James Island to make it easier for parishioners to worship closer to home. He was, however, unsuccessful in ministering to the enslaved on parish plantations.
The parish's twenty-six-acre glebe, where the minister lived and raised crops and livestock, was one of the smallest of all South Carolina parishes. During Guy's tenure it was expanded to eighty-three acres. In 1750 a small, wooden parsonage badly in need of repair was replaced with a spacious, two-story brick house. As more people settled the Ashley River area, the 1706 church became too small to accommodate even half of those who wanted to worship there. Beginning in 1723 and continuing for more than a decade, the small, rectangular church was expanded into the shape of a cross. The expansion tripled the floor space of the existing church. Features of the 1723 expansion that visitors see today include the chancel and transept at the east end, compass-headed windows recessed into the walls, the barrel-vaulted ceiling over the crossing of the aisles, and three equal-size doors. The pine roof was replaced by one of cypress. Cedar pews were added. The exterior brick was roughcast or stuccoed to mask the differences between the old and new brick and emulate a grander stone facade. A steeple at the west end was planned but whether it was ever realized is unknown. Although Anglican churches were supported by public taxes, these were never enough. The expansion required several subscriptions by parishioners to pay for the project. The finished church conveyed a simple elegance or "a quaint severity combined with great charm". The expanded St. Andrew's "reflected many of the essential design features that characterized eighteenth-century church architecture in South Carolina."
Prosperity
The flourishing condition of St. Andrew's Parish Church was the result of a booming economy, primarily the cultivation of rice. None of this prosperity would have been possible without the slave labor system the British imported from Barbados and the West Indies. As early as 1705 there were about 130 white families along the Ashley River and 150 enslaved people. In 1728 Reverend Guy estimated that there were 800 free whites and 1,800 enslaved blacks in the parish.
William Guy was succeeded by Rev. Charles Martyn in 1752. He also had a long tenure, resigning in 1770 to return to England due to ill health. The parish's prosperity continued under his tenure with the addition of a second significant cash crop. The cultivation of indigo was perfected by Eliza Lucas Pinckney at her father's plantation on Wappoo Creek in St. Andrew's Parish. The combination of rice and indigo made the parish one of the wealthiest areas in all of colonial British North America. More enslaved labor was needed to fuel this engine, and by 1777 the parish's enslaved population reached 3,460.
Fire and Rebuilding
In the midst of this prosperity, a devastating fire struck the church in the early 1760s. It was severe enough that anything made of wood would have burned, leaving the 1706 and 1723 walls standing. The church was thoroughly restored and reopened in 1764. The work was funded by parishioner pew subscriptions.
Features of the 1764 rebuilding include the magnificent reredos or altarpiece at the east end, the balcony at the west end, the stone and tile paver floor throughout the church, and the red-and-tan tile floor beneath the altar. The large east-end window behind the altar was not replaced after the fire, and the wall bricked in and reredos added. Its four tablets depict the Lord's Prayer, Ten Commandments, and Apostles' Creed. Such an expensive adornment in a simple country church was an expensive undertaking that only a wealthy parish could afford. A balcony which had originally been installed in 1754 was rebuilt after the fire for people who could not afford to buy their seating. The stone and tile paver floor would be removed in 1855, buried under a new stone floor, and not resurface until 1969. The red-and-tan tile floor in the altar area is possibly of Dutch origin.
American Revolution
After Charles Martyn left for England, he was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Panting (1770–71) and Rev. Christopher Ernst Schwab (1771–73), a Bavarian from Franconia. It would be fourteen years until Schwab was replaced, after the American Revolution. The Revolution affected the church, parsonage, and chapel on James Island. In March 1780 British and Hessian troops were met with colonial cannon fire at Church Creek, just south of the parish church. British General Alexander Leslie directed Hessian Captain Johann Ewald to take a detachment of men across the creek and silence the rebels. Otherwise, cannon would be brought up which might have destroyed the church. Ewald and his men became mired in the mud, which gave the colonials time to escape. The British and Hessians camped in the churchyard overnight. They later proceeded north to Drayton Hall and Magnolia Gardens, where they crossed the Ashley River, marched down the peninsula and captured the city of Charles Town. The war left a bitter legacy in St. Andrew's Parish. The parish church was "much Injured and pulled to pieces by the British Army," the parsonage was burned, and the chapel on James Island destroyed.
Stagnation and Economic Decline
Parishioners set about to restore their church, rebuild the parsonage, and hire a rector. In 1785 the new state House and Senate incorporated the Vestries and Churchwardens of the Parish of St. Andrew and gave them authority over a wide range of issues affecting the parish. A new rector was hired in 1787, the last from England. Rev. Thomas Mills had sailed to Charleston, fleeing his homeland after his staunch support of American independence left him with little opportunity there. His twenty-nine-year tenure (1787-1816) was the only stability in parish leadership until the 1840s.
Prewar prosperity was followed by economic stagnation, with a significant decline in rice cultivation and low-quality indigo becoming noncompetitive in world markets. St. Andrew's, as with other rural parishes, continued to heavily rely on African American slave labor, with 90 percent of the population enslaved. As one observer noted in the 1840s, "for a long time the Ashley river plantations were the most highly appreciated & productive lands in the colony. Now these lands are almost left untilled.... & the whole presents a melancholy sense of abandonment, desolation, & ruin." St. Andrew's was without another regular minister for eleven of the next thirteen years. The church building was used as a polling place until the 1830s. Rev. Joseph Gilbert was elected rector in 1824 but died the same year. He was followed by Rev. Paul Trapier (1829–35), whose privileged city upbringing made it difficult to adapt to this difficult, rural posting, and Rev. Dr. Jasper Adams (1835–38), former president of the College of Charleston, who likely used his time at St. Andrew's to complete his only book, Elements of Moral Philosophy. The chapel on James Island became its own church, St. James, in 1831. In the first half of the century, a white marble tablet memorializing Jonathan Fitch (J. F.) and Thomas Rose (T. R.), the 1706 church building supervisors, was placed over the south exterior door.
Antebellum Ministry to the Enslaved
Rev. James Stuart Hanckel served St. Andrew's as deacon and priest from 1838 until 1851. He ministered to his small, white congregation in the parish church during the cooler months (November through May), when the threat of disease was less. Needed church repairs were completed in 1840, a baptismal font was installed in 1842 (the same one in use today), and the first confirmation class was held in 1843.
Soon after he arrived, Hanckel began a regular ministry to the enslaved, the first focused attempt at St. Andrew's to reach out to African Americans on parish plantations. The antebellum parish register, begun by Paul Trapier in 1830, included many slave baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and burials during Hanckel's tenure. Three plantation chapels were constructed for religious instruction and worship. Two were built in 1845: Middleton Chapel in the southern part of the parish on Nathaniel Russell Middleton's plantation and Magwood's Chapel in the center of the parish on Simon J. Magwood's plantation. To the north, John Grimké Drayton, a candidate for Holy Orders, added Magnolia Chapel at his plantation Magnolia-on-the-Ashley in 1850. By the end of Hanckel's tenure, there were twice as many black communicants in the parish as white.
John Grimké Drayton succeeded Stuart Hanckel in late 1851. Drayton, a wealthy plantation owner, renowned horticulturalist, and dedicated Episcopal priest, served St. Andrew's for forty years (1851–91), the longest tenure in the church's history. He witnessed the last of the antebellum years, the Civil War and its devastation, and slow recovery. He continued ministering to the enslaved and took what Stuart Hanckel had begun to new levels. From 1851 to 1859 black communicants outnumbered whites five-to-one.
1855 Restoration
Early in Drayton's tenure the parish church had fallen into a "very dilapidated" state. In 1855 it was thoroughly restored under the leadership of Col. William Izard Bull of Ashley Hall plantation. Much of the look of today's church dates from Bull's restoration. The colonial high-backed pews had deteriorated past the point of saving, so Bull installed more fashionable low-backed pews, each with a latching door. He inscribed his pew plan in the plaster on the north wall of the nave. It was covered up and not discovered until almost a century later. The pulpit and reading desk were moved to their current location. Cast iron railings were installed around the pulpit, desk, and altar, likely to match the look of the font's pedestal. The stone and tile floor was replaced with large, square sandstone pavers, with the earlier flooring buried in the dirt underneath. Bull placed memorial tablets to his ancestors, the Izards and Bulls, on the southeast wall of the chancel. Scenery and cherubs which had been previously painted on the walls, "all to the horror of grandma and the other ladies", were removed.
Civil War
Reverend Drayton remained in the parish during the Civil War. He also served St. John in the Wilderness Church in Flat Rock, North Carolina, as rector during the summer. He gave his last worship service at St. Andrew's on February 12, 1865, before he left for Flat Rock. Confederate forces had surrendered and had left the city and its environs unprotected from invading Union troops and freed slaves who accompanied them.
Drayton returned from Flat Rock to find his home at Magnolia burned but his magnificent gardens spared. He took residence at the Grimké family home on the peninsula in Charleston. (John was born a Grimké but had changed his surname to Drayton in 1836 so that he could inherit Magnolia.) Union forces appropriated St. Andrew's Parish Church as a public meeting and polling place. Drayton could not gain access to his own church. A postwar report on the condition of St. Andrew's Parish painted a grim picture. The church had survived "but in the midst of a desert. Every residence but one [Drayton Hall], on the west bank of Ashley River was burnt simultaneously with the evacuation of Charleston, by the besieging forces of James Island." The observer continued: "The demon of civil war was let loose on this Parish. But three residences exist between the Ashley and Stono rivers [about 8-10 miles from the parish church].... It must be many years before the congregation can return in sufficient numbers to rebuild their homes and restore the worship of God."
Postwar Ministry to the Freedmen
After the war the now freed black people abandoned their previously white church connections in "a black exodus of Biblical proportions." Nowhere in South Carolina did the freedmen reunite with their white prewar minister, except with Rev. John Grimké Drayton in St. Andrew's Parish. Walking through the parish in 1867 he met a group of freedmen who asked him to restart religious services. This seemingly benign request was in fact monumental. Drayton began meeting with his black congregants at the three plantation chapels. He preached to "overflowing congregations" and conducted worship on the first, third, and fifth Sundays from November through May. White congregants were almost nonexistent. In 1875 Drayton wrote "the interest of my people has not flagged, and, with great distances to overcome, they have continued 'the assembling of themselves together.'" During this time Drayton, now in his sixties and living with tuberculosis, was walking sixteen-to-eighteen miles from his home in Charleston to the chapels on Sunday, "eating my dinner from my pocket". By 1880 there were only 617 black Episcopalians in the state, and the St. Andrew's chapels were only one of three congregations with any sizeable black membership. Black communicants in St. Andrew's Parish now outnumbered whites eight-to-one.
Church Reopening, Earthquake, and Decline
Reverend Drayton reopened the parish church eleven years after the Civil War ended, on March 26, 1876. Worshippers arrived from Charleston by steamer to Bees Ferry and then walked to the church. Funding for needed repairs likely came from income from land sales for phosphate mining along the Ashley River, which brought a short-lived economic boom to the area. Ten years after the reopening, the church was severely damaged by the Great Charleston Earthquake of 1886. Its epicenter was located just seven miles north of the parish church near Middleton Place. As Reverend Drayton's health continued to deteriorate, his black congregation assumed new leadership. Magwood's Chapel, the focus of worship and instruction, was given its own name: St. Andrew's Church, Charleston County, later known as St. Andrew's Mission Church. John Grimké Drayton died on April 2, 1891, at Linwood, his daughter Julia's home in Summerville.
Vacancy and Historical Curiosity
Reverend Drayton was not replaced, and the church became dormant for the next fifty-seven years. The wardens and vestry tried to maintain the building and keep vandals out. After three of them died in close succession, the remaining leaders relinquished control of the church in 1916 to the Diocese of South Carolina. The diocese made needed repairs to the building over many years. From 1923 to 1946 Rev. Wallace Martin held occasional services in the church. The building became a historical curiosity; numerous postcards depicting the vacant Old St. Andrew's were produced during this time. In 1937 the Hanahans of Millbrook plantation installed the cherub and decorative grapevines over the reredos at the east end as a gift commemorating a family wedding. In 1940 Old St. Andrew's was documented and photographed, and elements of the church were illustrated as part of the federal government's Historic American Buildings Survey.
Reopening after World War II
With Old St. Andrew's closed, Episcopalians had organized a new church, All Saints' Mission, closer to where they lived, near the Ashley River along the Savannah Highway/Folly Road area. They wanted to build a new church, since reopening the dilapidated colonial church many miles away seemed overwhelming. But they were unable to make a new church a reality and reluctantly reopened St. Andrew's Parish Church on Easter Day, March 28, 1948. Rev. Lawton Riley was named priest in charge.
Soon afterwards termites were found in the walls of the church and the building was closed for repair for almost two years. Old plaster was stripped off the walls and ceiling to get to the wooden studs and trusses. Damaged pews, window sills, and shutters were repaired, the reredos was cleaned, and the roof and exterior trim were painted. An oil heater was installed in the north transept by the door. An eighteenth-century red tile commemorating Fitch and Rose was likely removed to make room for the flue along the north transept wall. Memorial tablets dedicated to John Grimké Drayton and Drayton Franklin Hastie, who had fought to keep the church under vestry control before his death in 1916, were placed opposite to each other on the south and north walls of the nave, respectively. The first electric lighting was installed, along the tops of the walls. Colonel William Izard Bull's plan of the new pews he installed in 1855 was discovered on the north wall of the nave, and the electricians who installed the lighting etched their names above it. Instead of being preserved, the artifact was covered by the Hastie memorial. Paying for ongoing repairs became a never-ending task. The glebe which dated to colonial times was sold. The church held a seemingly endless number of fundraisers, the most enduring of which is Tea Room. As ladies of the church would prepare the building for Sunday worship in the spring, visitors traveling up Magnolia Gardens Road to see the Ashley River plantations in bloom would see cars parked by the church. They would ask the ladies where they could get something to eat, since there were no commercial establishments anywhere nearby. These enterprising women began bringing sandwiches, coffee, and desserts and served visitors out of their cars, then on picnic tables, then in the parish house once it was built. A Gift Shop offering handmade wares and foods was added. Tea Room and Gift Shop has remained a fixture on the church calendar for more than seventy years.
Growth and Uncertainty
Rev. Lynwood Magee arrived in 1952 and led the church during its most explosive period of growth, the baby boom of the fifties and sixties. During his tenure the number of baptized members and communicants quadrupled. The church regained full parish status in 1955, having been admitted to the diocese as an organized mission after the reopening. A simple, concrete block parish house was built in 1953, then expanded twice (1956 and 1962) to accommodate an ever-growing number of parishioners and Sunday school students. Reverend Magee left Old St. Andrew's in 1963 for All Saints' Church in Florence, South Carolina. He was followed by four rectors over the next twenty-two years, one of whom served eleven years and three with short tenures. This period was marked by decreasing financial commitments due to donor fatigue, apathy, and internal difficulties. The church received a needed facelift in 1969. The exterior walls were repaired and repainted. The interior walls and pews were painted light blue. The sandstone paver floor, which had been set in the dirt, had become unstable and needed leveling and mortaring. When the floor was taken up, the 1764 paver and tile floor was found underneath it. The old floor was more attractive and durable, so it was set in the current pattern and mortared into place. The cross of St. Andrew (an X) was placed at the crossing of the aisles and the west end.
The tenure of Rev. John Gilchrist (1970–81) brought renewed energy to the church. The front of the parish house was expanded to include a large seating area and expanded kitchen. In 1973 Old St. Andrew's was placed on the National Register of Historical Places and celebrated the 25th anniversary of the 1948 reopening. Parishioners marked the national bicentennial by wearing period dress. Gilchrist guided both the church and the diocese through the Episcopal Church's difficult revision of the Book of Common Prayer. When the revised book took effect in 1979 a number of dissatisfied parishioners left and founded St. Timothy's Anglican Catholic Church nearby.
Confidence Regained
The tenure of rector George Tompkins (1987-2006) brought needed stability. Just two years after he arrived, Hurricane Hugo struck Charleston. It spared the parish church, but caused heavy damage to the parish house, toppled more than 200 trees in the churchyard, and upended gravestones and coping. Clearing the debris and restoring the building and grounds took more than a year. The blue walls and pews of the church were repainted white. The education wing of Magee House, built in 1963, received much-needed repairs. Paying for these projects put a constant strain on parish finances. In 1990 the main dining room of the parish house was named Gilchrist Hall after Rev. John Gilchrist. Two years later the parish house was named Magee House in honor of Rev. Lynwood Magee. By the end of the nineties Old St. Andrew's had 701 members, 21 percent more than at the beginning of the decade.
Great Restoration and 300th Anniversary
As the millennium approached, the vestry began planning for the church's 300th anniversary in 2006. Structural engineers were hired to inspect the building. What they found was disturbing. Differential building settlement had caused the gabled walls to tilt outward. The 1764 roof rafters were too small, and some of the collar ties had pulled away from them. The walls were pushed outward, in some places eight inches off plumb. The effects of the 1886 earthquake were also seen. The report was sobering: "the under-size rafters posed an immediate life safety concern".
The estimated cost of these and other needed repairs came to $1.2 million. Parishioner and outside gifts amounted for about 40 percent of the total, with the rest financed. The church was closed for about a year, beginning in April 2004. Virtually the entire building was restored. The church reopened on Easter Day 2005, fifty-seven years after the church was reopened in 1948.
The church celebrated its tercentennial with a year-long series of activities in 2005-6. Reverend Tompkins, who had been battling rheumatoid arthritis, resigned in March 2006. He was succeeded by Rev. Marshall Huey, who was elected the church's 19th rector and installed on November 5, 2006.
Parish Life
The parish's most immediate financial need was paying off the $729,000 restoration mortgage, which it did in just six years. The relationship between Old St. Andrew's and St. Andrew's Mission Church, founded in 1845 as Magwood's Chapel, was strengthened through the intentional dialogue between Huey and Rev. James Yarsiah and then Rev. Jimmy Gallant of St. Andrew's Mission. The first Easter Sunrise service was held at Drayton Hall in conjunction with St. Andrew's Mission Church to more closely tie the churches to the wider West Ashley community. It was later moved to Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, where it continues today. In 2008 a Family Service, which augments the two other Sunday worship services, was begun to appeal to families with young children. Missionary efforts expanded, including work in Boca Chica, Dominican Republic, and West Ashley. The Old St. Andrew's Trust, which provides the church long-term financial stability, was established through a generous bequest from Dr. Mary B. Wilson. In 2020 microphones and cameras were installed unobtrusively along the walls of the church and hardware and software installed in the balcony to livestream worship services during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. The following year the education wing of Magee House was significantly renovated.
Denominational Affiliation
In 2012 Old St. Andrew's and other churches in the diocese found themselves entangled in legal controversy after the Diocese of South Carolina disaffiliated from the Episcopal Church. After a seven-week period of discernment in early 2013, parishioners of Old St. Andrew's voted three-to-one to align with the diocese and leave the national church. The parish's vote mirrored that of the majority of the diocese, eighty percent of whom eventually left the Episcopal Church. In 2017 the diocese and with it Old St. Andrew's joined the Anglican Church in North America (ACNA).
For a decade litigation ensued between the Episcopal Church and the disaffiliated diocese and the individual churches that left with it over the question of church property ownership. After a number of court rulings and appeals, on May 24, 2023, the South Carolina Supreme Court denied an appeal by the Episcopal Church that challenged a prior court ruling that Old St. Andrew's, and not the Episcopal Church, owns its property.
Rectors
1 Alexander Wood 1708-10 2 Ebenezer Taylor 1712-17 3 William Guy 1718-50 4 Charles Martyn 1753-70 5 Thomas Panting 1770-71 6 Christopher Ernst Schwab 1771-73 7 Thomas Mills 1787-1816 8 Joseph M. Gilbert 1824 9 Paul Trapier 1830-35 10 Jasper Adams 1835-38 11 James Stuart Hanckel 1841-49, 1849-51 12 John Grimké Drayton 1851-91 13 Lynwood Cresse Magee 1955-63 14 John L. Kelly 1963-66 15 Howard Taylor Cutler 1967-70 16 John Ernest Gilchrist 1970-81 17 Geoffrey Robert Imperatore 1982-85 18 George Johnson Tompkins III 1987-2006 19 Stewart Marshall Huey Jr. 2006-
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WIKI
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View on GitHub
equella.github.io
Home
EQUELLA Java SOAP Tutorial
Table of Contents
Running the examples
To compile and execute the example code you will need to download a number of library jar files. See the readme.txt file in the samples/java/lib directory for more information.
Use of an Integration Development Environment (IDE) is recommended for editing of the files. Eclipse is a free IDE available at http://www.eclipse.org
You can create a new project file in Eclipse by selecting New -> Project… -> Java Project and click Next. Unselect the Use default location checkbox and browse to the samples/java folder of this integration pack. Now click Finish.
To run the example files, modify the settings.properties in the samples/java/src/org/example/soap folder with the appropriate values (SOAP endpoint, username and password). The SOAP endpoint is of the format: http://INSTITUTION_URL/services/SoapService50
For example: http://mydomain.edu.au/myinst/services/SoapService50
Guide to the example code
The classes in the com.tle.web.remoting.soap package were generated with Apache Axis with the following command line:
java -cp axis.jar;commons-logging-1.0.4.jar;commons-discovery-0.2.jar;jaxrpc.jar;wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar org.apache.axis.wsdl.WSDL2Java http://
INSTITUTION_URL/services/SoapService50?wsdl
In this way, you can build classes to invoke SOAP methods for any SOAP service exposed by EQUELLA. E.g. the copyright SOAP service at http://INSTITUTION_URL/services/calactivation.service?wsdl
The example code contains a helper class (EQUELLASOAP) which you are free to use and modify. This class has been created to simplify the processing of the XML results and XML parameters returned from and supplied to the SOAP methods, it also ensures the user’s session is maintained between SOAP calls by setting setMaintainSession(true) on the SOAP service locator object. The EQUELLASOAP class is not required to use the EQUELLA SOAP services, it is simply for convenience.
This example shows how you can retrieve a list of items from EQUELLA based on a few search parameters. The searching code is contained within the cmdSearch_Click method. Here is a summary of that code:
Contribute
This example shows how you can contribute an item to a collection and give it a name, description and a file attachment. The contribution code is contained within the cmdSubmit_Click method. Here is a summary of that code:
Writing your own code
In general the process for invoking a SOAP method is as follows:
1. Create a SoapService50 object. When creating a SoapService50 object, you should supply the URL to connect to although this is not strictly necessary. You MUST set a cookie handler on the SoapService50 object before invoking the login method. This is because the user session is retrieved from the cookie by the EQUELLA server; if you do not set a cookie handler your session will be lost immediately after calling login. When using Apache Axis, you can easily do this by setting setMaintainSession(true) on the generated locator class.
2. Call the login method:
client.login(username, password);
The user that you login as must have sufficient privileges to perform your required task. You cannot do anything over SOAP that you cannot do within the EQUELLA Digital Repository.
3. Invoke a method:
collectionsXml = client.getContributableCollections();
NOTE: All SOAP methods will return either a simple string, number or an XML string. We recommend using the XmlDocument class to parse the results of any SOAP call.
1. Call the logout method.
This is not strictly necessary, the user session will eventually time out on the server, but it is good practice to call logout to free server side resources.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Paid Notice: Deaths EDELSTEIN, , ALFRED
EDELSTEIN -- Alfred. For merly of Harrison and New Rochelle died June 29, 2003, at age 82. Alfred was born in New Rochelle to Elias Alexander and Florence (Leidesdorf) Edelstein. He lived there for many years, marrying Ruth (Schnitzer) then moving to Harrison. He was a veteran of WWII and as a CPA he was partner of Milton Hoffman Co. in New York City. He is survived by his wife Ruth of Rye, children Charles ''Tuck'' Edelstein and Laura Kinyon, grandchildren Asher Elias Kinyon and Miles Alias Edelstein. He is predeceased by a brother Lester. Memorial services Wednesday 11 A.M. at the Osborn Home Chapel, 101 Theall Rd., Rye, NY. Memorial donations may be made to the Westchester Arts Council or the National Kidney Foundation. For more information Zion Memorial Chapel, 914-381-1809. >>AD#
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:حاتم دويدار
'''Chief Executive
Hatem Dowidar the current CEO of Vodafone Egypt S.A.E, enjoys more than 18 years of experience in multinational companies, where he spent 10 years of them in the telecommunications business.
Dowidar initially joined Vodafone in 1999 as the CMO of Vodafone Egypt.
He was then appointed as the Global Director of Consumer Voice Services in Vodafone Group in the HQ for 18 months. After this he became the CEO of Vodafone Malta for two years and in 2007, he returned back to Vodafone Group in England, and was appointed as CEO of Partner Markets with partnerships covering over 45 markets in five continents. Before Vodafone, Hatem worked in various managerial roles in Procter & Gamble as well as AEG (Daimler Benz Group) in Egypt.
Hatem has a BSc degree in Telecommunications Engineering and an MBA as well as participating in senior management executive programmes in IMD and LBS.
In his leisure time, Hatem enjoys travelling, hiking, scuba diving and reading'''
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WIKI
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Innovate anywhere, anytime withruncode.io Your cloud-based dev studio.
Django
How to Pass Extra Context Data to Serializers in Django-Rest-Framework
2022-07-25
• Serializers are used to validate the data in Django rest framework.
• Generally, serializers provide basic validations based on the type of field. Model serializers use model validations(primary key, foreign key, unique, etc).
• We not only use these basic validations but also custom validations to some of the fields.
• For writing custom validations we may require some extra data in validation methods of serializers.
• Django Rest Framework Serializer takes the following parameters while creating the serializer object.
read_only, write_only, required, default, initial, source,
label, help_text, style, error_messages, allow_empty,
instance, data, partial, context, allow_null
• Django serializers designed in such a way that makes an application more powerful and simplified the development process.
• To pass extra context data to the serializer we use "context" parameter.
• "context" parameter takes the data in the form of a dictionary.
• we access the context data inside serializer with statement "self.context"
Let's take an example to understand it more clearly.
Case: Send an email to any user with given content but, do not send email to the specific list of emails.
For this case, we need to validate the email and raise an error if it is in excluded emails list. To do this we need to have excluded emails list in serializers. We can achieve this by using "context" argument of the serializer.
serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
class SendEmailSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
email = serializers.EmailField()
content = serializers.CharField(max_length=200)
def validate_email(self, email):
# .....
exclude_email_list = self.context.get("exclude_email_list", [])
if email in exclude_email_list:
raise serializers.ValidationError("We cannot send an email to this user")
# .....
return email
Rest framework supports both function based views(FBV) and generic views(class-based views CBV).
views.py
# Passing the extra context data to serializers in FBV style.
from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
from your_app.serializers import SendEmailSerializer
@api_view(['POST'])
def send_email_view(request):
# .....
context = {"exclude_email_list": ['test@test.com', 'test1@test.com']}
serializer = SendEmailSerializer(data=request.data, context=context)
# ....
# Passing the extra context data to serializers in generic CBV or ViewSets style
#ViewSets
from rest_framework import viewsets
class SendEmailViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet):
# ......
def get_serializer_context(self):
context = super(CommentViewSet, self).get_serializer_context()
context.update({
"exclude_email_list": ['test@test.com', 'test1@test.com']
# extra data
})
return context
# .......
#Generic Views
from rest_framework import generics
class SendEmailView(generics.GenericAPIView):
# ......
def get_serializer_context(self):
context = super(CommentViewSet, self).get_serializer_context()
context.update({
"exclude_email_list": ['test@test.com', 'test1@test.com']
# extra data
})
return context
# .......
• In function based views we can pass extra context to serializer with "context" parameter with a dictionary. To access the extra context data inside the serializer we can simply access it with "self.context".
From example, to get "exclude_email_list" we just used code 'exclude_email_list = self.context.get("exclude_email_list", [])'. context is dictionary and "getis a dictionary method to access the data.
• It is the best way to override/overload the method get_serializer_context to pass the extra context data to the serializer.
• In viewsets, generic views "get_serializer_context" returns the below data by default.
{
'request': self.request,
'format': self.format_kwarg,
'view': self
}
• If we want to add extra data to the default we can simply overload it and return the context after updating the context (shown as above)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What Is an Editorial Board?
Understanding The Times At The New York Times, it’s an institutional voice, but not the voice of the institution as a whole. In an effort to shed more light on how we work, The Times is running a series of short posts explaining some of our journalistic practices. Read more from this series here. The New York Times editorial board, established in 1896 by Adolph Ochs when he became the newspaper’s publisher, is currently composed of 14 writers and editors drawn from the Times Opinion department, which also includes opinion columnists, Op-Ed editors and others. The Opinion department is independent of the Times newsroom, with a separate mission but the same standards for fact. The first anyone in the newsroom learned of the board’s editorial about the impeachment inquiry into President Trump, for instance, was when we posted it to The Times’s website. The purpose of Times Opinion is to supply the wide-ranging debate about big ideas that a diverse democracy needs. Amid that debate, the role of the editorial board is to provide Times readers with a long-range view formed not by one person’s expertise and experience but ballasted by certain institutional values that have evolved across more than 150 years. That’s why the editorials, unlike other articles in The Times, appear without a byline. I’ve always believed that strong institutions, like strong families, are meant to transmit principles across generations; the work of The Times’s editorial board has reflected the principles both of its members and of the Ochs-Sulzberger family, which has supplied the publishers who have overseen the board’s work — sometimes day to day, sometimes only on the occasion of momentous news — for five generations. Because the role of the editorial board can be confusing, particularly to readers who don’t know The Times well, the board, in consultation with the current publisher, A.G. Sulzberger, has developed a statement of its guiding values, which include: Arguing for “a world that is both free and fair” Supporting a world order in which “freedom and progress advance through democracy and capitalism” Guarding “against the excesses of those systems by promoting honest governance, civil rights, equality of opportunity, a healthy planet and a good life for society’s most vulnerable members” Championing “what Adolph Ochs called ‘the free exercise of a sound conscience,’ believing that the fearless exchange of information and ideas is the surest means of resisting tyranny and realizing human potential” The editorial board is an institutional voice, but it is not the voice of the institution as a whole. That’s a crucial distinction that often gets lost. The board doesn’t speak for the newsroom. How could it? The newsroom is made up of journalists whose own opinions vary, and whose job it is to set those opinions aside in the honest pursuit and presentation of the truth. I happened to be a White House reporter for The Times during the impeachment inquiry into Bill Clinton. The board, then under Howell Raines, supported the inquiry (though not, in the end, the impeachment). I used to read those editorials and marvel at the crackle of the prose. But the editorials certainly didn’t speak for me or affect my reporting, and when the Clinton people complained to me from time to time about them, I’d just shrug and tell them to call Howell. No, I didn’t know the number. The board meets at least twice each week to debate how to address significant questions in the news in accordance with positions it has taken over the decades. In general, it reaches its conclusions by consensus, though in matters where there is deep disagreement we sometimes have to call a vote. We try to keep in mind the big questions we’ve gotten wrong in the past — such as opposing women’s suffrage — to cultivate some humility and caution. Who could know what arguments we think obvious today might be judged harshly by history. A note to readers who are not subscribers: This article from the Reader Center does not count toward your monthly free article limit. Follow the @ReaderCenter on Twitter for more coverage highlighting your perspectives and experiences and for insight into how we work.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Creggan
Creggan may refer to several places:
Northern Ireland
* Creggan, County Antrim, a small village and townland in County Antrim, Northern Ireland
* Kickhams Creggan GAC, a Gaelic sports club in County Antrim
* Creggan, County Armagh, Northern Ireland, a small village
* Creggan River, County Armagh, part of the Castletown River which flows through Dundalk
* Creggan, County Tyrone, a townland in Northern Ireland
* Creggan, Derry, a large housing estate in Derry, Northern Ireland
Republic of Ireland
* Creggan, County Westmeath, a townland in Noughaval civil parish, barony of Kilkenny West, County Westmeath
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WIKI
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Patrice Trovoada
Patrice Émery Trovoada (born 18 March 1962) is a São Toméan politician who is the 15th prime minister of São Tomé and Príncipe since November 2022. He previously served as Prime Minister from February 2008 to June 2008, from August 2010 to December 2012 and again from November 2014 to December 2018.
Life and career
Trovoada was born in Libreville, Gabon. He is the son of Miguel Trovoada, who was President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 1991 to 2001, and was named after Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of Congo (Léopoldville). He studied in Portugal and France.
He served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from September 2001 to 4 February 2002. He was also oil adviser to President Fradique de Menezes until Menezes fired him in May 2005, alleging that Trovoada had used his position to advance his business interests.
Trovoada is Secretary-General of Independent Democratic Action (ADI), a political party. He ran for President in the July 2006 presidential election, but was defeated by Menezes, the incumbent president. Trovoada was the only major opposition candidate and he received 38.82% of the vote.
On 14 February 2008, Trovoada became Prime Minister; he was appointed by Menezes following the resignation of Tomé Vera Cruz.
On 4 March 2008, he made a brief official visit to Gabon.
Trovoada's government was defeated in a censure motion in the National Assembly on 20 May 2008 after three months in office. The motion, introduced by the opposition Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP/PSD), received 30 votes in favor, 23 opposed, and two abstaining. In June, Menezes asked the MLSTP/PSD to form a government, and it chose its leader, Joaquim Rafael Branco, as Prime Minister.
After the 2010 parliamentary election, Trovoada returned as Prime Minister on 14 August 2010, but left office on 13 December 2012, after his government had lost its majority in parliament. However, the parliamentary election of 2014 again produced a majority for Trovoada's Independent Democratic Action party, with 33 of the 55 seats in the National Assembly, and he was again appointed to head a new government.
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WIKI
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Nightly Cookbook
From CodeBlocks
Revision as of 17:54, 12 May 2006 by Sethjackson (Talk | contribs) (The new project format is incompatible with RC2 ;))
Jump to: navigation, search
This page is under construction by 'killerbot'. Just be patient, some day it will be finished.
Introduction
This article will describe the process used in creating the nightly builds, and can be used as a guideline if you want to build Code::Blocks yourself. It is described as a sequence of 'manual' actions. While it is possible to automate several of these tasks via script, that is beyond the scope of this article. Current limitation : Windows unicode build.
Shopping List
In order to perform our build tasks, we will need several tools. Let's create an ingredient list for our cooking experiments :
• a compiler
• an initial build system
• the Code::Blocks sources
• zip program
• svn (version control system)
• wxWidgets
While we are at it, maybe someday we want to debug our programs, so let's add a debugger to the list :
• debugger
Shopping Time
Compiler
Let's start by shopping for the first item on our list, a compiler. Several compilers are available; some free, some expensive. Since the Code::Blocks developers build Code::Blocks using GCC, we might as well use that one. It is very standards compliant, though not the fastest one around. GCC on windows is available in several flavors. There are CygWin ports and MingW ports.
The easiest and cleanest port is MinGW. This is the compiler distributed with Code::Blocks when you download the official package (the one including the compiler). We can find MinGW at www.mingw.org. This post in the wiki describes how to install MinGW. We will stick to version 3.4.4, which works nicely.
First, a brief explanation of MinGW components:
• gcc-core : the core of the GCC suite
• gcc-g++ : the c++ compiler
• mingw Runtime : implementation of the run time libraries
• mingw utils : several utilities (implementation of smaller programs that GCC itself uses)
• win32Api : the APIs for creating Windows programs
• binutils : several utilities used in build environments
• make : the Gnu make program, so you can build from make files
• GDB : the Gnu debugger : for hunting those nasty bugs
I would suggest extracting (and installing for the GDB) everything in the C:\MinGW directory. The remainder of this article will assume that this is where you have put it. If you already have an installation of Code::Blocks that came bundled with MinGW (for example RC2), I still advise you to install MinGW as described here. A compiler does not belong under the directory tree of an IDE; they are two separate things. Code::Blocks just brings it along in the official versions so that the average user does not need to bother with this process. But, since you are reading this, you are no longer an average user. :-)
You may need to add the 'bin' directory of your MinGW installation to your path (example : C:\MinGW\bin). An easy way to do this is with the following command at the command prompt:
set path=%PATH%;C:\MinGW\bin;C:\MinGW\mingw32\bin;
Initial Build System
We could try to build Code::Blocks by using makefiles, but there is an easier way: let's build Code::Blocks by using ........ Code::Blocks. All we need to do is get hold of a pre-built version Code::Blocks.
First, download a nightly build. You can make your selection from here. The nightly builds are unicode versions, containing the core and contributed plug-ins.
Next, unpack the 7-zip file to any directory you like (e.g. C:\CodeBlocksTempNightly). If you don't have 7-zip, you can download it for free from the 7-zip website.
Now, Code::Blocks needs one more dll to work correctly: the WxWidgets dll. You can also download it at the nightly builds forum. Just unzip it into the same directory that you unpacked the Code::Blocks nightly build. It also needs the mingwm10.dll, but don't worry - we already have it. It's in the bin directory of our MinGW installation. So, it's important to make sure the bin directory of your MinGW installation is in your path variable (see above).
Finally, start up this new nightly build of Code::Blocks. It should discover the MinGW compiler we just installed.
Version Control System
In order to be able to retrieve the latest and greatest Code::Blocks sources, we need to install a Version Control System.
The Code::Blocks developers provide their sources through the SVN version control system. So, we need a client to access their svn repository of sources. A nice, easy client for Windows is TortoiseSVN, which is freely available from here. Download and install it, keeping all suggested settings.
Now, go create a directory wherever you like, for example D:\projects\CodeBlocks. Right click on that directory and choose from the pop-up menu : svn-checkout. In the dialog that pops up, fill in the following information:
- Url of Repository : svn://svn.berlios.de/codeblocks/trunk
- leave all other settings as they are
Now be patient while TortoiseSVN retrieves the most recent source files from the Code::Blocks repository into our local directory. Yes; all those Code::Blocks sources are coming your way!
For more info on SVN settings, see info on SVN settings.
All righty, time to continue our shopping session.
wxWidgets
wxWidgets is a platform abstraction that provides an API that covers amongst many things, GUI, sockets, files, registry functionality. In that way when using this API you can create a platform independent program. Code::Blocks is a wxWidgets (here after : wx ) application, that means if you want to run Code::Blocks you needed the wx functionality, this can be provided in many flavours, could be a dll, or a static library, Code::Blocks uses wx as a dll, this dll can also be downloaded from the nightly build section of the forum. However if we want to build a wx application, we need to be able to include the headers of the wx sources, they will tell the compiler what (and how) the wx functionality is. So we need at least those headers, but next to this before we can use the dll to build our application, our application will need to link with the import libraries. So in addition we need those import libraries. Well, let's take it step by step. wx is provided as a zip file of it's sources, so we need to build that ourselves, well we already shopped for the MingW compiler, so we have all the tools we need at hand. Go download the wx sources (at time of writing : version 2.6.2) here, let's unzip it in D:\Projects, so we will end up with wx root directory D:\Projects\wxWidgets-2.6.2. We are going to mention the wx root directory from now on as <wxDir> Now we are gonna build the wxWidgets, yes we are. This is how we do it (make sure C:\MingW\bin is in your path, during the build some programs will be called that reside in the the MingW\bin directory), especially make has to be version 3.80 or above.
Now it is time to compile wxWidgets, open the command promt and change to the wxWidgets directory:
cd <wxDir>\build\msw
Now we are on the right place we are first going to clean up the source:
mingw32-make -f makefile.gcc SHARED=1 MONOLITHIC=1 BUILD=release UNICODE=1 clean
When everything is clean we can compile wxWidgets:
mingw32-make -f makefile.gcc SHARED=1 MONOLITHIC=1 BUILD=release UNICODE=1
This is going to take some time, got get yourself a nice ice-cream, a beer, ... Did you enjoy your refreshment, in the meantime have a little look in the directory <wxDir>\lib\gcc_dll : the import libraries and the dll have shown up, there's also a mswu\wx subdirectory at that position containing setup.h . Congratulations, you have build wxWidgets, let's do some more preliminary tasks before we get to the real deal of compiling Code::Blocks.
Zip
During the build of Code::Blocks several resources are going to be zipped in zip files, therefor the build process should have access to a zip.exe. We have to download that zip.exe and put it somewhere in our path (how about MingW\bin). Yo can download it for free from here and this is a direct link(32bit) to the most recent version at the time of writing. From the downloaded zip files it is sufficient to extract the zip.exe.
Workspace
This brings us to the last preliminary task. The Code::Blocks code can be divided in 2 major parts : the core with internal plug-ins, and the contributed plug-ins. You always need to build the core/internal parts before building the contrib part. To build the internal part, you can use the Code::Blocks project file which you can find at (our Code::Blocks master directory is from now one mentioned as <cbDir>) <cbDir>\src\CodeBlocks.cbp. A workspace (which groups several projects together) for building the contrib plug-ins can be found at <cbDir>\src\ContribPlugins.workspace. But let's create a worksapce containing everything, and let's put that workspace in the master directory <cbDir>. Just use a regular text editor and create a file with the name "CbProjects.workspace" and give it the following content :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes" ?>
<CodeBlocks_workspace_file>
<Workspace title="Workspace">
<Project filename="src\CodeBlocks.cbp" active="1" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\codestat\codestat.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\copystrings\copystrings.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\dragscroll\dragscroll.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\devpak_plugin\DevPakPlugin.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\help_plugin\help-plugin.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\keybinder\keybinder.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\profiler\cbprofiler.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\source_exporter\Exporter.cbp" />
<Project filename="src\plugins\contrib\wxSmith\wxSmith.cbp" />
</Workspace>
</CodeBlocks_workspace_file>
We will use this workspace to build all parts of Code::Blocks.
Building Code::Blocks
Finally we have arrived at the final step, our final goal. Run the Code::Blocks executable from your nightly build download. Choose from the File menu : Open, and browse for our above created workspace, and open it up. be a little patient while Code::Blocks is parsing everything, and Code::Blocks will ask us for 2 global variables, these global variables will tell the nightly Code::Blocks where it can find wxWidgets (remember : header files and import libraries) and where it can find .... Code::Blocks, this is needed for the contrib plug-ins, they need to know (as for any user created plug-in) where the sdk (Code::Blocks header files) are. These are the values in our case :
- wx : <wxDir>
- Code::Blocks (cb) : <cbDir>\src
Now go to the Project Menu and choose (re)build workspace, and off you go, watch how Code::Blocks is building Code::Blocks. Once everything has build, open up a console in <cbDir>\src and run the command "update.bat', this will transfer all builded deliverables from <cbDir>\src\devel to <cbDir>\src\output and in the meantime strip of all debugging symbols. Note this step is very important, do never ever forget it. Now you can copy the wx dll builded before both in that output and devel directory. You can close your Code::Blocks now (that was the downloaded nightly remember).
Time to test : in that output directory start up the CodeBlocks.exe, and there you go, your home-build Code::Blocks is running. Enjoy !!!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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A popular notion is that data-adaptive machine models are the nee plus ultra of modeling technology that will make human involvement in model-making obsolete. However, the scope of data-adaptive models is fundamentally limited by the scope of the data available to train them, which is necessarily restricted to historical and/or categorical data, and by the scope of model meta-structures that can be learned from these data.
The most powerful models in the world are those that incorporate human intuition and creativity in conjunction with algorithmic adaptivity. The widely popular and powerful model subclass of deep neural networks provides a perfect illustration of this point. Deep neural networks perform remarkably well on many pattern classification and analysis problems, but their meta-structure did not emerge autonomously from algorithmic ingestion of voluminous data sets.
Instead, it was created by human experts who observed the meta-structure of the brain and then (crudely) mimicked it in algorithmic implementations. Thus is generally the case with all approaches to modeling, and the more conceptually complex the domain of interest, the more vital is the incorporation of human expertise into the creation of the model meta-structure.
Once this is done, the algorithms then can be unleashed to perform their computationally intensive inferences within such a structure. But to imagine that the algorithms themselves are capable of the teleological feats needed to generate their own meta-structure without human involvement represents the triumph of hype over real-world experience with models.
Dr. Terry Rickard, Chief Data Scientist, Meraglim
Models Will Run the World
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Blind Estimation of Blur Kernels and Parameters from a Single Image
Ruomei Yan, Ling Shao
Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review
95 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Image blur kernel estimation is critical to blind image deblurring. Most existing approaches exploit handcrafted blur features that are optimized for a certain uniform blur across the image, which is unrealistic in a real blind deconvolution setting, where the blur type is often unknown. To deal with this issue, we aim at identifying the blur type for each input image patch, and then estimating the kernel parameter in this paper. A learning-based method using a pre-trained deep neural network (DNN) and a general regression neural network (GRNN) is proposed to first classify the blur type and then estimate its parameters, taking advantages of both the classification ability of DNN and the regression ability of GRNN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that pre-trained DNN and GRNN have been applied to the problem of blur analysis. First, our method identifies the blur type from a mixed input of image patches corrupted by various blurs with different parameters. To this aim, a supervised DNN is trained to project the input samples into a discriminative feature space, in which the blur type can be easily classified. Then, for each blur type, the proposed GRNN estimates the blur parameters with very high accuracy. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in several tasks with better or competitive results compared with the state of the art on two standard image data sets, i.e., the Berkeley segmentation data set and the Pascal VOC 2007 data set. In addition, blur region segmentation and deblurring on a number of real photographs show that our method outperforms the previous techniques even for non-uniformly blurred images.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1910-11921
JournalIEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Volume25
Issue number4
Early online date26 Feb 2016
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr 2016
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Dive into the research topics of 'Blind Estimation of Blur Kernels and Parameters from a Single Image'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Cite this
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:The Earliest English Translations of Bürger's Lenore - A Study in English and German Romanticism - Emerson (1915).djvu/56
has been said of her teaching the young Taylor, his appreciation of her influence, and the intimate relations of Taylor and her brother, Dr. Aikin. Doubtless Taylor communicated his new German studies to her soon after they had begun. At any rate that Dr. Aikin knew of his version of the Lenore in 1791 is reasonable evidence that Mrs. Barbauld saw it about the same time. Her visit to Edinburgh is definitely dated from a letter of October 1794, to her friend Mrs. Beecroft. In this she speaks of her enjoyment of her visit to Scotland, and of being twice in Edinburgh.
It was probably in August or early September, 1794, that Mrs. Barbauld read Taylor's translation at the evening assembly in the home of Dugald Stewart. Doubtless soon after, Cranstoun or his sister repeated what could be remembered of the lines to Scott. Yet the latter did not at once pursue the matter. He had, it is true, some knowledge of German, for he had begun the study of that language in the winter of 1792-93 and continued it the next year. Yet he did not obtain an edition of Bürger's poems until late in 1795 or early in 1796, for they were obtained for him by Lady Scott of Harden who was not married until the autumn of 1795. She was the daughter of Count Brühl, and took great interest in Scott's German studies after her acquaintance with him had begun. It was, then, in the winter of 1795-96, or the early spring of the latter year that Scott was again carrying on his German reading.
In fact Scott has himself assigned a second exciting cause for his interest in ballad making, and this also must belong to the latter part of 1795. In the summer of that year "Monk" Lewis, as he
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WIKI
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Unique Baltic Sea
The water in the Baltic Sea is brackish with a low salinity - a unique mixture of salty and fresh waters. The salinity of the Baltic Sea water is only approximately 20% of the salinity of the oceans (35 per mille). Furthermore, the salinity of the Baltic Sea's surface water reduces towards the North, and the water in the Bay of Bothnia and at the bottom of the Gulf of Finland is almost fresh.
Compared to the oceans, the Baltic Sea is a small and shallow body of water. The average depth of the Baltic Sea is only 55 metres, whereas the average depth of the oceans totals several kilometres, and even the Mediterranean's average depth is one kilometre. The deepest basin in the Baltic Sea is 450 metres deep. The Baltic Sea is linked to the North Sea via the narrow Danish straits, and the turnover of the water is very slow. Theoretically, it has been estimated that the turnover of the entire volume of water of the Baltic Sea takes approximately 30 years. Due to the slow water turnover, environmental toxins and eutrophying nutrients remain in the Baltic Sea and cause long-term effects.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Game
Time Limit: 1 Second Memory Limit: 32768 KB
Two players(A and B) take turns to take stones form a heap of N stones.
There are some rules:
1.A always takes first. He can take arbitrary number of stones but not all of them.
2.The number of the one who will take should less than or equal the twice of the other one taken last time. But must more than one or one.
3.The one who take take the last one stone is the winner.
4.The two players are clever enough, they can make the best choice.
Input
Every test case has only one line with one integer N(2 <= N <= 100000000), the numbers of the stones.
Output
If A will lose output "lose"
If A can win,output the numbers A should take at the first time. If there are more ways to make A win, output the smallest one.
Sample Input
4
Sample Output
1
Submit
Source: ZOJ Monthly, January 2005
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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1918–19 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season
The 1918–19 Army Cadets men's ice hockey season was the 16th season of play for the program.
Season
With World War I having ended in November, many students who had graduated early returned to West Point to finish their studies. Among these was Henry Nichols, who returned for a second season as the captain of the ice hockey team and helped the squad transition into the post-war years. Additionally, the team was again coached by a young officer, this time by Philip Day.
Because of how recent the end of the war was at the start of the season, many programs played a partial schedule if any at all. Army, however, was able to put together a slate of 9 games. Unfortunately, before the first match occurred, warm weather rendered Stuart Rink unusable and the team was forced back onto Lusk Reservoir. Even that didn't stop several matches from being cancelled, including the much-anticipated meetings with Yale and Princeton. To make matters worse, Nichols was ruled medically unfit to play and had to watch from the sidelines as his team struggled through the season. He was replaced in goal by Henry Burgard, who played aptly but could not help the Cadets' anemic offense.
Schedule and Results
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season
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WIKI
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David Meekison
David Meekison (November 14, 1849 –February 12, 1915) was an American lawyer and politician who served as a two-term U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1897 to 1901.
Early life and career
Born in Dundee, Scotland, Meekison immigrated to the United States in 1855 with his parents, who settled in Napoleon, Ohio. He attended the common schools and was then apprenticed to the printer's trade. He served with the artillery in the United States Army from 1866 to 1869.
After mustering out of the service, Meekison returned to Napoleon and studied law. He was appointed city clerk in 1872.
He was admitted to the bar in 1873 and commenced practice in Napoleon, Ohio. He served as prosecuting attorney of Henry County from 1873 to 1879. He was a probate judge from 1881 to 1888. He served as delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1884. He later engaged in banking and established the Meekison Bank at Napoleon in 1886. He served as mayor of Napoleon from 1890 to 1897.
Congress
Meekison was elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and Fifty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1901).
Later career
He was not a candidate for renomination in 1900 and subsequently resumed the practice of his profession. He also engaged in banking.
Family life
He married Clara E. Bowers of Napoleon, August 24, 1881, and she and four children survived him.
Death
He died in Napoleon, Ohio, February 12, 1915, and was interred in Glenwood Cemetery.
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WIKI
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Akka · Tutorial
Peer-to-Many Communication in Akka
The most common communication channel in Akka is Peer-to-Peer, where an individual actor sends a message directly to another individual actor actor. However, sometimes this is not enough as we may need a Peer-to-Many type of communication, where an individual actor sends a message to a group of actors. This is particularly useful when you need to model your system using a Publisher-Subscriber Pattern. This article will provide a quick tutorial on how to use and customise an Event Bus, the Akka way of implementing a Peer-to-Many communication channel.
Event Stream
Event Stream is the simplest and most common implementation of an Event Bus. It follows the classic Publisher-Subscriber Pattern: one system actor will publish a message and all the actors that subscribed to that specific message type will receive it.
Let’s see with a simple tutorial how easily this can be achieved: (gist available here).
In this tutorial, we want to model the following scenario: every time someone publishes a book, all the subscribers need to receive it.
First of all, we need to define what a book is:
case class Book(title: String, authors: List[String])
Then, we need to specify an Actor that acts as book publisher: every time it receives a book, it publishes it on the System Event Stream.
class BookPublisher extends Actor {
def receive = {
case book: Book => {
println(s"Yeah! Publishing a new book: $book")
context.system.eventStream.publish(book)
}
}
}
Finally, let’s create an Actor that will subscribe to the System Event Stream for all messages of type Book. Note that the preStart function will be executed by Akka right after the creation of the Actor.
class BookSubscriber extends Actor {
override def preStart = context.system.eventStream.subscribe(self, classOf[Book])
def receive = {
case book: Book => println(s"My name is ${self.path.name} and I have received a new book: $book")
}
}
Done! See, it wasn’t that bad… 🙂
Now we just need to play with our system to make sure it works as expected:
object Main extends App {
implicit val system = ActorSystem("publisher-subscribers-example")
val author = "Author"
val bookPublisher = system.actorOf(Props[BookPublisher], name = "book-publisher")
val subscriber1 = system.actorOf(Props[BookSubscriber], name = "subscriber-1")
val subscriber2 = system.actorOf(Props[BookSubscriber], name = "subscriber-2")
bookPublisher ! Book(title = "A book title", authors = List(author, "Another author"))
// Yeah! Publishing a new book: Book(A book title,List(Author, Another author))
// My name is subscriber-1 and I have received a new book: Book(A book title,List(Author, Another author))
// My name is subscriber-2 and I have received a new book: Book(A book title,List(Author, Another author))
system.eventStream.unsubscribe(subscriber2, classOf[Book])
bookPublisher ! Book(title = "Another book title", authors = List("Another author"))
// Yeah! Publishing a new book: Book(Another book title,List(Another author))
// My name is subscriber-1 and I have received a new book: Book(Another book title,List(Another author))
}
Note that instead of unsubscribing subscriber2 to all the messages of type Book, we could have also unsubscribed it to any type of messages by using system.eventStream.unsubscribe(subscriber2).
Custom Event Bus
Event Streams are really easy to use. However, they may not be that useful if we want to perform some filtering on the published message. One solution to our problem could be to do some filtering before publishing the message, but what if this cannot be done or simply we want to do it in a more elegant way?
An Event Stream is a specific implementation of a Event Bus trait: Akka gives us to opportunity to reuse this trait to create Custom Event Buses.
Assume that now a subscriber wants to receive books for a specific author — gist of the following code can be found here.
First of all, the BookSubscriber actor doesn’t need to automatically subscribe to the System Event Stream. Moreover, the BookPublisher actor now needs to publish on a given Event Bus, rather than the System Event Stream.
class BookPublisher(bus: AuthorBookBus) extends Actor {
def receive = {
case book: Book => {
println(s"Yeah! Publishing a new book: $book")
bus.publish(book)
}
}
}
class BookSubscriber extends Actor {
def receive = {
case book: Book => println(s"My name is ${self.path.name} and I have received a new book: $book")
}
}
Finally, let’s define our AuthorBookBus that will filter books according to their authors.
class AuthorBookBus(author: String) extends EventBus
with LookupClassification
with ActorEventBus {
type Event = Book
type Classifier = Boolean
override def mapSize = 2
override def classify(book: Book) = book.authors.contains(author)
override protected def publish(book: Book, subscriber: Subscriber)= subscriber ! book
}
Our Event Bus accepts events of type Book and it filters books with two possible values: true if author is one of the authors of the book, false otherwise — and this is why override def mapSize = 2! The function classify is used to categories a book according to the Classifier type. Akka provides different type of classifiers (see here), in our case the LookupClassification was enough as we wanted a classification based on the event itself.
The following app shows an example of how our actor system could be used:
object Main extends App {
implicit val system = ActorSystem("publisher-subscribers-example")
val author = "Author"
val authorBookBus = new AuthorBookBus(author)
val bookPublisher = system.actorOf(Props(new BookPublisher(authorBookBus)), name = "book-publisher")
val subscriber1 = system.actorOf(Props[BookSubscriber], name = "subscriber-1")
val subscriber2 = system.actorOf(Props[BookSubscriber], name = "subscriber-2")
authorBookBus.subscribe(subscriber1, true)
// i.e.: subscriber1 will receive all the books
// where one of the authors is "Author"
authorBookBus.subscribe(subscriber2, false)
// i.e.: subscriber2 will receive all the books
// where "Author" is not an author
bookPublisher ! Book(title = "A book title", authors = List(author, "Another Author"))
// Yeah! Publishing a new book: Book(A book title,List(Author, Another Author))
// My name is subscriber-1 and I have received a new book: Book(A book title,List(Author, Another Author))
bookPublisher ! Book(title = "Another book title", authors = List("Another Author"))
// Yeah! Publishing a new book: Book(Another book title,List(Another Author))
// My name is subscriber-2 and I have received a new book: Book(Another book title,List(Another Author))
}
Summary
Not only Akka allows Peer-to-Peer communication, but also Peer-to-Many, which is useful to implement a publisher-subscriber pattern. This article has described how this can be achieved using Event Streams for simplest case scenarios and Custom Event Buses when some classification on the event is needed.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Orland Kurtenbach
Orland John Kurtenbach (born September 7, 1936) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and coach. A centre notable for his defensive skill and as one of the toughest fighters in the game, he played for several National Hockey League (NHL) teams during his twenty professional seasons, principally the Vancouver Canucks, with whom he became the NHL franchise's inaugural captain.
Early life
Kurtenbach was born in Cudworth, Saskatchewan. He grew up on a farm until his family moved to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, at age 10. It was at this time that Kurtenbach began playing organized hockey. Beginning as a defenceman, he moved to the centre position later in his career.
Playing career
Kurtenbach played in the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League (SJHL) with the Prince Albert Mintos for two seasons, also making brief appearances with the Saskatoon Quakers of the minor professional Western Hockey League (WHL) during that time. In 1957, after Prince Albert was eliminated from the SJHL playoffs, Kurtenbach finished the season with the Flin Flon Bombers, where he helped the team win a Memorial Cup.
Kurtenbach turned professional in 1957–58, signing a C-form with the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL. He scored 54 points in 52 games en route to earning Rookie of the Year honours. In the playoffs, he helped the Canucks to a President's Cup championship.
The majority of Kurtenbach's early professional career was spent in the minors, splitting time between the AHL with the Buffalo Bisons, Springfield Indians and Providence Reds, and the WHL with the San Francisco Seals and the Canucks. His best season in this stretch was 1962–63 when he notched 87 points for the Seals in 70 games and led the team in scoring in the playoffs en route to winning the league championship.
During his time in the minors, Kurtenbach made two brief appearances in the National Hockey League with the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins, totaling eighteen games, but he did not play his first full NHL season until 1963–64 with the Bruins. In 1965–66, he became a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs, where he played a primarily defensive role. Toronto coach Punch Imlach designated Kurtenbach to the bottom two offensive lines while earning mostly penalty killing time. The following season, he joined the New York Rangers, where he spent four seasons. In the 1970 off-season, he was told by Rangers management he would be unprotected for the upcoming NHL Expansion Draft to be picked up by either the Buffalo Sabres or the Vancouver Canucks (the franchise left the WHL to join the NHL).
Kurtenbach was obtained by the Canucks and was named the franchise's first NHL captain. On December 12, 1970, he recorded the first hat trick in Canucks history in a 5-2 victory over the California Golden Seals, it was also the only hat trick he ever recorded in his career. He recorded an NHL career-high point-per-game pace with 53 points in 52 games, despite suffering a serious injury on December 23 that sidelined him until March 3. The following season, he registered a career-high 61 points in 78 games. Many of Vancouver's players left the club that season, defecting to the nascent World Hockey Association (WHA) for larger salaries. Kurtenbach himself was offered a $150,000 contract with the Los Angeles Sharks, but he declined. He often played on a line with Wayne Maki and Murray Hall. Kurtenbach retired from the NHL after his fourth season with Vancouver.
Kurtenbach finished his NHL career with 119 goals and 213 assists for 332 points in 639 games, adding 628 penalty minutes. On October 26, 2010, Kurtenbach was the first Canucks player inducted into the team's Ring of Honour. A ceremony was held before a Canucks' game against the Colorado Avalanche.
Coaching career
The season after his NHL retirement, Kurtenbach joined the Seattle Totems of the Central Hockey League, moving behind the bench as head coach. After a losing season with Seattle, he coached two seasons with the Tulsa Oilers of the same league and won a championship in his first season with them, 1975–76, being awarded the Jake Milford Trophy as CHL coach of the year.
In 1976–77, Kurtenbach returned to the NHL to replace Phil Maloney midway through the season as head coach of the Vancouver Canucks. This marked the third time in his playing and coaching career that he would represent Vancouver. However, after one and a half seasons and a 36–62–27 record, Kurtenbach was replaced by Harry Neale at the end of the 1977–78 season. Upon his replacement, Kurtenbach only returned to coaching to represent the Springfield Indians of the AHL in 1982 and the Richmond Sockeyes of the BCHL in 1986 (whom he guided to the 1987 Centennial Cup) before retiring.
Personal life
During his time with the Vancouver Canucks of the WHL, he met his wife. In the 1970s he lived in north Burnaby with his wife Laurel and kids. In 1980s and 1990s he lived in White Rock, BC and operated a south Surrey, BC golf driving range.
Player
* WHL Rookie of the Year - 1958
* Cyclone Taylor Trophy (Vancouver Canucks' MVP) - 1971, 1972, 1973
* Cyrus H. McLean Trophy (Vancouver Canucks' leading scorer) - 1972 (tied with André Boudrias)
Coach
* Jake Milford Trophy (CHL coach of the year) - 1976
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WIKI
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Page:Travelling Companions (1919).djvu/28
14 deep an impression of the social secrets of mankind. In England, even, in those verdure-stifled haunts of domestic peace which muffle the sounding chords of British civilization, one has a fainter sense of the possible movement and fruition of individual character. Beyond a certain point you fancy it merged in the general medium of duty, business, and politics. In Italy, in spite of your knowledge of the strenuous public conscience which once inflamed these compact little states, the unapplied, spontaneous moral life of society seems to have been more active and more subtle. I walked about with a volume of Stendhal in my pocket; at every step I gathered some lingering testimony to the exquisite vanity of ambition.
But the great emotion, after all, was to feel myself among scenes in which art had ranged so freely. It had often enough been bad, but it had never ceased to be art. An invincible instinct of beauty had presided at life,—an instinct often ludicrously crude and primitive. Wherever I turned I found a vital principle of grace,—from the smile of a chambermaid to the curve of an arch. My memory reverts with an especial tenderness to certain hours in the dusky, faded saloons of those vacant, ruinous palaces which boast of "collections." The pictures are frequently poor, but the visitor's impression is generally rich. The brick-tiled floors are bare; the doors lack paint; the great windows, curtains; the chairs and tables have lost their gilding and their damask drapery; but the ghost of a graceful aristocracy treads at your side and does the melancholy honors of the abode with a dignity that brooks no sarcasm. You feel that art and piety here have been blind, generous instincts. You are reminded in persuasive accents of the old personal regimen in human affairs. Certain pictures are veiled and curtained virginibus puerisque. Through these tarnished halls lean and patient abbés led their youthful virginal pupils. Have you read Stendhal's Chartreuse de Parme? There was such a gallery in the palace of the Duchess of San Severino. After a long day of strolling, lounging, and staring, I found a singularly perfect pleasure in sitting at the door of a café in the warm starlight, eating
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Page:Sussex Archaeological Collections, volume 6.djvu/77
A brief reference to some subsequent royal visits to Sussex may be here added:—
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 54 Part 1.djvu/938
PUBLIC LAWS--CH. 722-SEPT. 18, 1940 "Connecting line" defined. Post, p. 929. 41 Stat. 479 . 49 U. S. C. 3(4). Common use of ter- minals. charges between connecting lines, or unduly prejudice any connecting line m the distribution of traffic that is not specifically routed by the shipper. As used in this paragraph the term 'connecting line' means the connecting line of any carrier subject to the provisions of this part or any common carrier by water subject to part III." (f) Paragraph (4) of such section 3 (which relates to the Commis- sion's power to require common use of terminals), is amended- (1) by striking out "(4)" and substituting in lieu thereof "(5)"; (2) by striking out in the first sentence the words "a carrier" and substituting in lieu thereof the words "a common carrier by railroad"; (3) by striking out in the first sentence the words "any carrier, by another carrier or other carriers" and substituting in lieu thereof the words "any common carrier by railroad, by another such carrier or other such carriers"; and (4) by adding after the words "shall have power" in the first sentence the words "by order". LONG AND SHORT HAUL PROVISION 41 Stat. 480 . SSO. 6. (a) Paragraph (1) of section 4 of the Interstate Commerce 49U. S. C 1. 4 Act, as amended, is amended to read as follows: Long and short "(1) It shall be unlawful for any common carrier subject to this hauls, through routes, e thco ro ute part or part MIto charge or receive any greater compensation in the Postu,P.ar. aggregate for the transportation of passengers, or of like kind of property, for a shorter than for a longer distance over the same line or route in the same direction, the shorter being included within the longer distance, or to charge any greater compensation as a through rate than the aggregate of the intermediate rates subject to the pro- visions of this part or part III, but this shall not be construed as authorizing any common carrier within the terms of this part or part mI to charge or receive as great compensation for a shorter as Specials for a longer distance: Provided, That upon application to the Com- mission such common carrier may in special cases, after investigation, be authorized by the Commission to charge less for longer than for shorter distances for the transportation of passengers or property; and the Commission may from time to time prescribe the extent to which such designated common carrier may be relieved from the oper- ation of this section, but in exercising the authority conferred upon it in this proviso the Commission shall not permit the establishment of any charge to or from the more distant point that is not reasonably compensatory for the service performed; and no such authorization shall be granted on account of merely potential water competition Tariff proposals. not actually in existence: And provided further, That tariffs propos- ing rates subject to the provisions of this paragraph may be filed when application is made to the Commission under the provisions When effective. hereof, and in the event such application is approved, the Commission shall permit such tariffs to become effective upon one day's notice." ncerof existingr. (b) In the case of a carrier heretofore subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) of section 4 of the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended, no rate, fare, or charge lawfully in effect at the time of the enactment of this Act shall be required to be changed by reason of the amend- ments made to such paragraph by subsection (a) of this section. In the case of a carrier not heretofore subject to the provisions of such paragraph, no rate, fare, or charge lawfully in effect at the time of the enactment of this Act shall be required to be changed, by reason of the provisions of such paragraph, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, prior to six months after the enactment of this Act, or in case application for the continuance of any such existing rate, [54 STAT. 904
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WIKI
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William Golborne
William Golborne (sometimes Golbourn) was a Bishop of Kildare.
Golborne was from Chester. Nominated to the see on 17 May 1644, he was consecrated on 1 December that year.
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WIKI
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Saarang
Saarang (means 'Chital' or Spotted Deer in Sanskrit, a common sight on IIT Madras campus) is the annual social and cultural festival of IIT Madras. It is a 5-day long festival usually in the second week of the year. Founded in 1974, Saarang is the second oldest college festival in India. It was started in the name of 'Mardi Gras' with a small number of quizzes and music events. It adopted the name 'Saarang' and grew with the help of corporate sponsorship, collaboration with large-scale event organizers and international artists.
Saarang is a not-for-profit, entirely student-run, ISO 9001:2015 organization. All organizing members of the festival are current students of IIT Madras. 450 coordinators are organized as per function, in 12 departments, each headed by a 'core coordinator'. The 12 departments are led by the 2 cultural secretaries, who are elected by the institute annually in March.
History
In the early 1970s, a "cultural week" festival was held.
The fest was formally started in 1974-75 as Mardi Gras, the focus of the festival being to promote interest in cultural and literary activities and to develop the organizational skills of the students. The event was renamed to 'Saarang' in 1996 to give it a more 'Indian' theme. Commercial sponsorships for the event increased significantly in the late 90s.
Spotlight (lectures and demonstrations)
Saarang has observed a wide range of personalities present lectures and conduct demonstrations during the event and as a part of Pre-Saarang activities. "Spotlight", a concept in the previous editions of Saarang was a platform for famous and notable persons from various fields to address the audience and hold interactive sessions with them. Past speakers featured in Saarang include Dr. Shashi Tharoor, Kamal Hassan, Shriya Saran, Manu Joseph, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Mahesh Dattani, Leela Samson, Leander Paes, Kiran Bedi, Anita Rathnam, Ira Trivedi and R. Balakrishnan.
Competitions
Competitive events are held throughout Saarang and registration begins in December through their website. There are events in every field of art, dance and music, apart from literary events and group events like Scavenger Hunt. There are also informal stalls set up every day for spectators to participate in many small events.
World Fest Shows
The World Fest, previously known as "World Culture Show" (WCS), at Saarang is a platform to showcase culture and talent from around the world and hosts artists from various countries across the world. There have been many such performances at Saarang, in many kinds of music, like Irish folk, contemporary music, alternative rock, hip-hop and acoustic music. In the past, World Fest had introduced artists into Chennai's cultural scene through the contributions of Goethe-Institute/Max Mueller Bhavan, Alliance Française de Madras, the Philippine National Commission for Culture and the Arts, the Embassy of Israel, and the US Consulate in Chennai, among other international organizations, in support of their respective artistes.
Rock Show
At The Rock Show of Saarang, musicians of international bands of rock, alternative rock, metal and fusion have performed.
* 2003: Brahma (Headlining)
* 2004: Motherjane (Headlining),
* 2005: Orange Street (Headlining) Moksha (in 2005),
* 2006: Led Zepplica (Headlining), Parikrama
* 2007: Merzhin (Headlining), Mynta, Junkyard Groove
* 2008: Firebrands, Prestorika (in 2008)
* 2009: Opeth (Headlining)
* 2010: HammerFall (Headlining) and Hurricane Bells
* 2011: Pain of Salvation (Headlining),
* 2012: Vildhjarta (Headlining)
* 2013: Anathema (Headlining), Bevar Sea, Heretic
* 2014: Architects (Headlining), Grimus
* 2015: Karnivool(Headlining) preceded by Paradigm Shift.
* 2016: The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus
* 2017: Katatonia (Headliner), preceded Thaikkudam Bridge
* 2018: Veil Of Maya
* 2019: Parikrama (band), preceded by Local Train
* 2020: Motherjane, preceded by When Chai Met Toast
* 2022: Corner Cafe Chronicles
* 2023: Pineapple Express, preceded by Girish and the Chronicles
* 2024 will have Thaikkudam Bridge, preceded by RJD the Band
EDM Night
EDM Night is initiated in 2013. Brands like Sunburn and VH1 Supersonic have featured as its organizing partners. The line-up has featured popular artists in electronic dance music as well as a few international artists.
* 2013 - Sunburn Campus with DJ (S)haan and Dualist Inquiry.
* 2014 - Sunburn Campus with Dualist Inquiry, Nucleya, Anish Sood and Lost Stories.
* 2015 - VH1 Supersonic Campus with Thermal Projekt, Progressive Brothers and Nucleya.
* 2016 - DJs from Mars as international headliners. Sicklead, Aceaxe and Candice Redding as supporting acts.
* 2017 - Marnik as International headliner, Aceaxe & Sartek as Supporting Act
* 2018 - AronChupa as International headliner, Nina Suerte as Supporting Act
* 2019 - Maddix (DJ) as International headliner, Adrima as Supporting Act
* 2020 - DubVision as International headliner, Olly Esse as Supporting Act
* 2023 - Kaaze as International headliner, Krispie as Supporting Act
* 2024 will have Matisse & Sadko as international headliner and Holy C as Supporting Act
Classical Night
Every year Saarang starts with "Classical night" in the Open Air Theatre of IIT Madras. Reputed performers of Indian classical music and dance forms inaugurate Saarang at this professional show. M. Balamuralikrishna, Daksha Seth Dance Academy represented by Isha Sarvani, Mallika Sarabhai and troupe, Anil Srinivasan, Sikkil Gurucharan, Navin Iyer, Ganesh Kumaresh, S. Sowmya, B.S. Purushothaman, Sonal Mansingh, Aruna Sairam, Shobana have performed in the previous editions of Saarang.
Popular Night
Popular Night is hosted at the Open-Air Theatre of IIT Madras. It features live performances by members of the Kollywood and Bollywood music industry. Popular Night has featured artists like Devi Sri Prasad and Vishal& Shekhar (in the year 2012), Krishnakumar Kunnath, (in the year 2011), the musical trio Shankar, Ehsaan & Loy(in 2010) Sonu Nigam(in 2009), Lucky Ali and Karthik (in 2008), Sukhwinder Singh (in 2007), Shaan (in 2004)., Salim-Sulaiman, Benny Dayal (2019) and Shankar Mahadevan (2020).
Social Campaign
Each year Saarang gives back to society in the form of initiatives taken as part of social campaigns. Saarang's past social campaigns have centered around community welfare in the form of water conservation, education, mental health, and health and hygiene awareness.
Panacea (2023)
Inspired by the Greek goddess of universal wellbeing, Panacea was the health and hygiene social campaign of Saarang 2023. The five major spheres under the campaign included, personal well-being, environmental hygiene, public health awareness, sanitation and sexual health. Initiatives such informative presentations, cyclathons, case competitions, educational text-based games, podcasts, and breast awareness campaigns, were used to spread awareness about keeping clean and healthy.
Mann & Mann 2.0 (2021 & 2022)
The years 2021 and 2022 hosted the social campaigns, Mann and its successor, Mann 2.0. Mann aimed to destigmatize the topic of mental health by bringing conversations on the topic to the forefront. Saarang collaborated with the MINDS foundation to conduct webinars for school children to encourage positive discussion normalizing the existence of mental illnesses and the need to provide professional help and support to those in need. With Mann Conversations, interactive conversations were held with mental health professionals and an educated perspective on the topic was streamed for thousands to see. The Mann website has multiple published articles about mental health issues, interactive quizzes on the topic and resources of mental health helplines, thereby acting as a steady source of support and guidance to those seeking mental help.
Past associates and sponsors
Saarang has been sponsored by various established corporations. The main sponsor of Saarang for many years has been MRF Limited. Some of the other companies that have been sponsoring various events of Saarang are Max, Vodafone Essar, Bharti Airtel, Nokia, SBI, Exprez, Canara Bank, Derby, Wildcraft, Durex Jeans, Pepe Jeans, Aircel, Times of India, Freecharge, INOX, McDonald's, TATA Tion, isoft, Club Mahindra Holidays.
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WIKI
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supereon
Noun
* 1) A time period encompassing more than one eon, principally used to characterize the Precambrian.
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WIKI
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Talk:American Advertising Museum
Homer Groening
Matt Groening's dad was co-founder of this museum. Worth a mention and a DYK, I think. Katr67 00:44, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
* Done and done. Thanks for the link. You do know you can nominate articles too (even one's you didn't start), that way you can earn the fabulous new WPOR service awards for DYKs! Aboutmovies 03:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
reason for the closure?
The article mentions that the museum closed in 2004, but doesn't say why it closed. Did the museum give a reason at the time? --Delirium 06:42, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
* Unfortunetly the closure didn't make the local newspaper. An article in December of 2004 about one of the founders said it was closed. My guess would be lack of attendence/funding. Aboutmovies 14:40, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
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Articoli
Recently I changed my QNAP, moving from an old 32bit model to a recent 64bit. The new NAS enabled me to install the 4.3.x firmware that introduces many new features and use 64-bit computing.
The migration occurred in conjunction with Wannacry (found on Homelab blog an article on how to exploit this vulnerability on NAS QNAP) and on my NAS was no longer running Samba (SMB). I don’t know if it is due to the wannacry patch or NAS/Firmware change. But Samba did not go anymore! Several people on the official QNAP forum complain about the same problem.
I solved by connecting via SSH to the NAS and editing the Samba configuration file. A small guide…
$ smb2status
smbd (samba daemon) Version 3.6.25
smbd (samba daemon) is not running.
max protocol SMB 2.1 enabled.
By typing the smb2status command, in output I had “smbd is not running” even if the WEB interface was correctly active.
$ mv /etc/config/smb.conf /etc/config/smb.conf.old
I did a backup copy of the Samba configuration file and saved it in smb.conf.old. Then I read the default configuration file:
$ cat /etc/default_config/smb.conf
Copy the contents of this file locally, in the text editor you prefer, then read the old configuration file:
$ cat /etc/config/smb.conf.old
Immediately after the Global Statement ([GLOBAL] … …) you will find the specifications of each of your shared folders, just copy this contents on your local text file.
You will then have a file composed of [GLOBAL] variable coming from the default file and then the variables of each of your shared folders coming from the old file. Example:
[global]
[Multimedia]
….
[Download]
[Web]
[Public]
….
Now you have to recreate the configuration file by copying inside it the newly built text:
$ rm /etc/config/smb.conf
$ vi /etc/config/smb.conf
Once the new Samba configuration file is pasted, we restart Samba.
$ /etc/init.d/smb.sh restart
After the reboot has finished, try typing smb2status again and it should be ok:
$ smb2status
smbd (samba daemon) Version 4.4.14
smbd (samba daemon) is running.
max protocol SMB 3.0 enabled.
BitTorrent_SyncBitTorrent Sync, denominato anche BtSync, è software di condivisione dei file prodotto da BitTorrent permette di sincronizzare i file tra i dispositivi in una rete locale, o tra dispositivi remoti tramite Internet con l’utilizzo di tecnologia P2P.
BitTorrent Sync sincronizza i file tramite tecnologia peer-to-peer (P2P). I dati dell’utente vengono memorizzati sul dispositivo locale anziché in un servizio di Cloud storage, pertanto, richiede almeno un dispositivo, o “nodo” per essere online e per poter sincronizzare i file. BitTorrent Sync cripta i dati con AES con chiave a 128 bit. Questa può essere generata in modo casuale o impostata dall’utente. Questa chiave è derivata da un ‘segreto’ (una stringa), che può essere condiviso con altri utenti per permettere di condividere i dati. I dati vengono inviati tra i dispositivi direttamente, a meno che il dispositivo di destinazione non sia raggiungibile (ad esempio dietro un firewall), nel qual caso i dati saranno inoltrati tramite un nodo intermediario. Molti dispositivi possono essere collegati contemporaneamente e i file saranno condivisi tra di loro in una rete Mesh.
Non c’è limite alla quantità di dati che possono essere sincronizzati, se non lo spazio libero disponibile su ogni dispositivo. {Wikipedia}
Personalmente ho iniziato ad usare BtSync in sostituzione di Rsync, RSync è un ottimo strumento per effettuare una replica monodirezionale ma nel mio caso l’intento era quello di tenere sincronizzati due NAS della QNAP in maniera biderezionale.
BtSync è distribuito ancora in versione Beta e alla stesura di questo articolo la versione disponibile è la 1.4.106, ma è già disponibile anche in versione Alpha la seconda versione. BtSync è disponibile nell’App Center ufficiale di QNAP, ma chi usa i prodotti QNAP saprà che purtroppo i plugin di terze parti vengono aggiornati raramente. Infatti ad oggi siamo indietro di 3 aggiornamenti, considerando che il software è una Beta è assai fondamentale aggiornarlo per ottenere i fix più recenti.
Installiamo BtSync sul NAS QNAP
Il primo passaggio da eseguire è quello di collegarsi via SSH al proprio QNAP, assicuratevi di aver abilitato la connessione SSH e dal terminale o da Putty per gli utenti Windows eseguite la connessione con le credenziali che comunemente usate per accedere all’interfaccia web come amministratore
$ ssh [email protected]
Ora dobbiamo creare la Directory che ospiterà l’eseguibile di BtSync, tale directory andrà posta in /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg:
$ cd /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg
$ mkdir btsync && cd btsync
Adesso dobbiamo scaricare dal sito ufficiale di BitTorrent Sync l’ultima versione disponibile, fate attenzione a selezionare il pacchetto per Linux contenete le librerie GLIBC e selezionate l’architettura i386 o amd64 in base al vostro modello di NAS.
$ wget http://download.getsyncapp.com/endpoint/btsync/os/linux-glibc23-i386/track/stable -O bittorrent_sync_glibc23_i386.tar.gz
$ tar -xvf bittorrent_sync_glibc23_i386.tar.gz
Successivamente renderemo BtSync eseguibile automaticamente all’avvio del NAS, andremo quindi nella directory /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg e creiamo una nuova cartella denominata autorun
$ cd /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg
$ mkdir autorun && cd autorun
Il software QNAP predispone di avviare automaticamente tutti gli script contenuti nella cartella autorun andremo quindi a creare un nuovo script come segue:
$ touch autorun.sh
$ vi autorun.sh
All’interno del file autorun.sh andremo a scrivere quanto segue:
#!/bin/sh
umask 0000
/share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg/btsync/btsync –config /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg/btsync/sync.conf –log /share/MD0_DATA/.qpkg/btsync/sync.log
Il seguente script è di facile comprensione, permette infatti di eseguire l’eseguibile di BtSync con le configurazioni contenute in sync.conf e di salvare i log in sync.log. La Umask è fondamentale citarla per avviare il software con i permessi di amministratore e quindi ottenere i corretti permessi nella scrittura/lettura dei file, altrimenti avrete problemi ad accedere o ad eliminare i file sincronizzati.
Successivamente attribuiremo i permessi esecutivi al file appena creato
$ chmod +x autorun.sh
Benissimo non ci rimane che configurare BtSync attraverso il file sync.conf e avviare BtSync attraverso lo script appena creato:
$ ./autorun.sh
Buona Sincronizzazione 😉
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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abstrakt kunst
Etymology
First part from, perfect passive participle of , from both , from , from , from + and from , from , from , from.
Last part from, from , from , from the verb , from , from +.
Noun
* 1) abstract art
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WIKI
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Formatting Inconsistencies
1. 3 months ago
With version 2.x I have noticed that the page layout for any given document can change from one session to the next. Selecting a layout such as A4 or Letter, for example, is no guarantee that the document will retain that selection the next time the document is open. The "Custom" layout is the most frequently "selected" layout when a document is opened. In this case the document is displayed as small rectangles until I change it to the one that I want (Letter).
I have not found a pattern in the behavior of DoogiePIM. It appears that all documents are subject to the ever changing layout. This does not happen with every document in every session but it does happen to at least one document in any given session. The layout of a given document may remain the same for several sessions but, unexpectedly and inexplicably, it changes to another layout.
Do you have an explanation for this behavior? We expect the layout setting to "stick" from one session to the next. Why isn't it?
2. Chris
Oct 25 Developer, Moderator, Beta Tester
doogiePIM version 2+ uses a new page layout engine. The document layout (A4, width, height, zoom level, orientation, etc) is saved with the document so when you return to the edit you are presented with the layout you last saved it in. However, there is a new zoom level override now which will set the zoom level to a specific level each time you load a document. See the Document Editor Settings to change this.
If you have really old documents going back to previous version of doogiePIM or even do-Organizer, then the document information isn't there to be recalled, hence it will look "strange" as it takes the last document setting you opened, until you save it in that new layout.
Please respond to your other questions regarding hardware and database as they are quite important to sort out.
I hope this helps you.
or Sign Up to reply!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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blob: dfd8d6cd91b97088f265f8bb331c949be3e02fac [file] [log] [blame]
# Copyright (C) 2002-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see
# <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# Test that the correct data prefetch instructions (SSE or 3DNow! variant,
# or none) are used for various i386 cpu-type and instruction set
# extension options for __builtin_prefetch. When using -mtune, specify
# the minimum supported architecture in case the compiler was configured
# with a different default.
# Failure reports do not include the compile option that was used; that
# information can be seen in the compile line in the log file.
# Do not generate prefetch instructions for the following options.
set PREFETCH_NONE [list \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=i386 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=i486 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=i586 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=i686 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=pentium2 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=k6 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=k6-2 } \
{ -march=i386 -mtune=k6-3 } \
{ -march=i386 } \
{ -march=i486 } \
{ -march=i586 } \
{ -march=i686 } \
{ -march=pentium2 } \
{ -march=k6 } ]
# For options in PREFETCH_SSE, generate SSE prefetch instructions for
# __builtin_prefetch. This includes -mtune for targets that treat prefetch
# instructions as nops.
set PREFETCH_SSE [list \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=pentium3 } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=pentium3m } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=pentium-m } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=pentium4 } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=pentium4m } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=prescott } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=athlon } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=athlon-4 } \
{ -march=i686 -mtune=c3-2 } \
{ -march=pentium3 } \
{ -march=pentium3m } \
{ -march=pentium-m } \
{ -march=pentium4 } \
{ -march=pentium4m } \
{ -march=prescott } \
{ -march=c3-2 } ]
# Generate 3DNow! prefetch instructions for the following.
set PREFETCH_3DNOW [list \
{ -march=c3 } \
{ -march=k6-2 } \
{ -march=k6-3 } ]
# Athlon supports both 3DNow! and SSE prefetch instructions. For
# __builtin_prefetch, generate the 3DNow! instruction for write
# prefetches but SSE prefetch instructions for read prefetches.
set PREFETCH_ATHLON [list \
{ -march=athlon } \
{ -march=athlon-4 } ]
if $tracelevel then {
strace $tracelevel
}
# Load support procs.
load_lib gcc-dg.exp
load_lib torture-options.exp
# Initialize harness.
dg-init
torture-init
if { [board_info target exists multilib_flags]
&& [string match "* -march=*" " [board_info target multilib_flags] "] } {
# Multilib flags come after the -march flags we pass and override
# them, so skip these tests when such flags are passed.
return
}
set-torture-options $PREFETCH_NONE
gcc-dg-runtest [lsort [glob -nocomplain $srcdir/$subdir/i386-pf-none-*.c]] "" ""
set-torture-options $PREFETCH_SSE
gcc-dg-runtest [lsort [glob -nocomplain $srcdir/$subdir/i386-pf-sse-*.c]] "" ""
set-torture-options $PREFETCH_3DNOW
gcc-dg-runtest [lsort [glob -nocomplain $srcdir/$subdir/i386-pf-3dnow-*.c]] "" ""
set-torture-options $PREFETCH_ATHLON
gcc-dg-runtest [lsort [glob -nocomplain $srcdir/$subdir/i386-pf-athlon-*.c]] "" ""
torture-finish
dg-finish
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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[plt-scheme] units and rightward drift
From: Neil W. Van Dyke (neil at neilvandyke.org)
Date: Tue Apr 29 00:51:49 EDT 2003
Robby Findler <robby at cs.uchicago.edu> writes at 23:18 28-Apr-2003 -0500:
> You can use `include' to reduce it to zero. Or, you can define a new
> language to reduce it to 2:
Ah, good points.
Although, when trying to write lots of reusable software components, I'm
trying to avoid creating unnecessary dependencies (on, e.g., a
"neils-gratuitous-style-tweaks" component). I'm also trying to keep the
number of files read at checksyntax/compile/run times sensible for small
apps that use lots of reusable components.
So, for things like unit definition syntax in small reusable modules,
there's incentive to limit myself to whatever is in a recent version of
MzScheme.
--
http://www.neilvandyke.org/
Posted on the users mailing list.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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[openssl] master update
shane.lontis at oracle.com shane.lontis at oracle.com
Tue Mar 9 06:31:24 UTC 2021
The branch master has been updated
via 3e6a0d57389d7e5e45b06753692873e40dd125e9 (commit)
from 889ad4ef8181093d5c088d5518c7b353ddb48455 (commit)
- Log -----------------------------------------------------------------
commit 3e6a0d57389d7e5e45b06753692873e40dd125e9
Author: Shane Lontis <shane.lontis at oracle.com>
Date: Thu Mar 4 13:54:40 2021 +1000
Reword repeated words.
A trivial PR to remove some commonly repeated words. It looks like this is
not the first PR to do this.
Reviewed-by: Richard Levitte <levitte at openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Caswell <matt at openssl.org>
Reviewed-by: Paul Dale <pauli at openssl.org>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/14420)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Summary of changes:
crypto/asn1/a_strex.c | 2 +-
crypto/cryptlib.c | 2 +-
crypto/ct/ct_sct.c | 2 +-
crypto/evp/ctrl_params_translate.c | 2 +-
crypto/whrlpool/wp_block.c | 2 +-
crypto/x509/by_store.c | 2 +-
crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c | 2 +-
doc/man7/provider-kem.pod | 2 +-
ssl/ssl_lib.c | 2 +-
test/evp_test.c | 2 +-
util/perl/OpenSSL/Ordinals.pm | 2 +-
11 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
diff --git a/crypto/asn1/a_strex.c b/crypto/asn1/a_strex.c
index 67d53b748b..11c6296bba 100644
--- a/crypto/asn1/a_strex.c
+++ b/crypto/asn1/a_strex.c
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
ASN1_STRFLGS_ESC_MSB)
/*
- * Three IO functions for sending data to memory, a BIO and and a FILE
+ * Three IO functions for sending data to memory, a BIO and a FILE
* pointer.
*/
static int send_bio_chars(void *arg, const void *buf, int len)
diff --git a/crypto/cryptlib.c b/crypto/cryptlib.c
index 7779ad05fe..fdefafc1fe 100644
--- a/crypto/cryptlib.c
+++ b/crypto/cryptlib.c
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ void OPENSSL_die(const char *message, const char *file, int line)
#if !defined(OPENSSL_CPUID_OBJ)
/*
- * The volatile is used to to ensure that the compiler generates code that reads
+ * The volatile is used to ensure that the compiler generates code that reads
* all values from the array and doesn't try to optimize this away. The standard
* doesn't actually require this behavior if the original data pointed to is
* not volatile, but compilers do this in practice anyway.
diff --git a/crypto/ct/ct_sct.c b/crypto/ct/ct_sct.c
index ab22ecafad..41fbfaba75 100644
--- a/crypto/ct/ct_sct.c
+++ b/crypto/ct/ct_sct.c
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ int SCT_validate(SCT *sct, const CT_POLICY_EVAL_CTX *ctx)
* XXX: Potential for optimization. This repeats some idempotent heavy
* lifting on the certificate for each candidate SCT, and appears to not
* use any information in the SCT itself, only the certificate is
- * processed. So it may make more sense to to do this just once, perhaps
+ * processed. So it may make more sense to do this just once, perhaps
* associated with the shared (by all SCTs) policy eval ctx.
*
* XXX: Failure here is global (SCT independent) and represents either an
diff --git a/crypto/evp/ctrl_params_translate.c b/crypto/evp/ctrl_params_translate.c
index 966278171c..32af4eedd3 100644
--- a/crypto/evp/ctrl_params_translate.c
+++ b/crypto/evp/ctrl_params_translate.c
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ struct translation_ctx_st {
*/
/*
- * Copy of the ctrl-style void* argument, if the the fixup_args function
+ * Copy of the ctrl-style void* argument, if the fixup_args function
* needs to manipulate |p2| but wants to remember original.
*/
void *orig_p2;
diff --git a/crypto/whrlpool/wp_block.c b/crypto/whrlpool/wp_block.c
index e5aa1a03ce..ac6cd95a74 100644
--- a/crypto/whrlpool/wp_block.c
+++ b/crypto/whrlpool/wp_block.c
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ typedef u64 u64_aX;
*/
/*
* Note that every Cn macro expands as two loads: one byte load and
- * one quadword load. One can argue that that many single-byte loads
+ * one quadword load. One can argue that many single-byte loads
* is too excessive, as one could load a quadword and "milk" it for
* eight 8-bit values instead. Well, yes, but in order to do so *and*
* avoid excessive loads you have to accommodate a handful of 64-bit
diff --git a/crypto/x509/by_store.c b/crypto/x509/by_store.c
index 29d9700ab1..9dd687f757 100644
--- a/crypto/x509/by_store.c
+++ b/crypto/x509/by_store.c
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ static int by_store_subject_ex(X509_LOOKUP *ctx, X509_LOOKUP_TYPE type,
*
* To be noted is that X509_OBJECT_set1_* increment the refcount,
* but so does X509_STORE_CTX_get_by_subject upon return of this
- * function, so we must ensure the the refcount is decremented
+ * function, so we must ensure the refcount is decremented
* before we return, or we will get a refcount leak. We cannot do
* this with X509_OBJECT_free(), though, as that will free a bit
* too much.
diff --git a/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c b/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
index 12cfb627fe..367de35857 100644
--- a/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
+++ b/crypto/x509/pcy_tree.c
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@ static int tree_calculate_authority_set(X509_POLICY_TREE *tree,
curr = tree->levels;
for (i = 1; i < tree->nlevel; i++) {
/*
- * If no anyPolicy node on this this level it can't appear on lower
+ * If no anyPolicy node on this level it can't appear on lower
* levels so end search.
*/
if ((anyptr = curr->anyPolicy) == NULL)
diff --git a/doc/man7/provider-kem.pod b/doc/man7/provider-kem.pod
index d4467dbd79..4a094bd2c9 100644
--- a/doc/man7/provider-kem.pod
+++ b/doc/man7/provider-kem.pod
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ OSSL_FUNC_kem_encapsulate() performs the actual encapsulation itself.
A previously initialised asymmetric kem context is passed in the I<ctx>
parameter.
Unless I<out> is NULL, the data to be encapsulated is internally generated,
-and returned into the the buffer pointed to by the I<secret> parameter and the
+and returned into the buffer pointed to by the I<secret> parameter and the
encapsulated data should also be written to the location pointed to by the
I<out> parameter. The length of the encapsulated data should be written to
I<*outlen> and the length of the generated secret should be written to
diff --git a/ssl/ssl_lib.c b/ssl/ssl_lib.c
index 1fded640a1..348b507622 100644
--- a/ssl/ssl_lib.c
+++ b/ssl/ssl_lib.c
@@ -1595,7 +1595,7 @@ STACK_OF(X509) *SSL_get_peer_cert_chain(const SSL *s)
int SSL_copy_session_id(SSL *t, const SSL *f)
{
int i;
- /* Do we need to to SSL locking? */
+ /* Do we need to do SSL locking? */
if (!SSL_set_session(t, SSL_get_session(f))) {
return 0;
}
diff --git a/test/evp_test.c b/test/evp_test.c
index 8c88f0937c..d781ecadce 100644
--- a/test/evp_test.c
+++ b/test/evp_test.c
@@ -3594,7 +3594,7 @@ int setup_tests(void)
/*
* Load the provider via configuration into the created library context.
* Load the 'null' provider into the default library context to ensure that
- * the the tests do not fallback to using the default provider.
+ * the tests do not fallback to using the default provider.
*/
if (!test_get_libctx(&libctx, &prov_null, config_file, NULL, NULL))
return 0;
diff --git a/util/perl/OpenSSL/Ordinals.pm b/util/perl/OpenSSL/Ordinals.pm
index 66bf30dd50..7e4c008dc2 100644
--- a/util/perl/OpenSSL/Ordinals.pm
+++ b/util/perl/OpenSSL/Ordinals.pm
@@ -863,7 +863,7 @@ handled by the caller. The caller may change this to an actual number.
=item B<< $item->version >> (read-only)
The version number for this item. Please note that these version numbers
-have underscore (C<_>) as a separator the the version parts.
+have underscore (C<_>) as a separator for the version parts.
=item B<< $item->exists >> (read-only)
More information about the openssl-commits mailing list
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Henry Septimus Beddome
Henry Septimus Beddome (March 21, 1830 – March 24, 1881) was an English-Canadian physician and a Hudson's Bay Company employee.
Henry was born in London, England, to Protestant nonconformist parents William Beddome and Eleanor Smith. He studied medicine at Guy's Hospital in London. He migrated to Canada and became "Surgeon and Clerk" at York Factory in Manitoba for five years starting in 1852. After this term, he traveled to the Red River Colony where he met and married Frances Omand. In 1859, the family returned to York Factory for another five-year contract.
Beddome and his family returned to Red River in 1864 where he established a practice and a permanent residence near St Andrew's Church. It is said that when Louis Riel went into hiding in 1870, Beddome may have concealed him for a time.
Henry Beddome and fellow doctors, including Curtis James Bird and John Christian Schultz were the founders of the Medical Health Board of Manitoba which was incorporated in 1871 and became the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Manitoba in 1877.
Beddome died at Headingley, Manitoba, and was buried at St Andrew's Church in Manitoba.
|
WIKI
|
Talk:M and M Direct
Page title
The company is incorrectly titled. It's MandM rather than m and m. Look at their about page, online branding and publicity
Does anyone know how they did business from 1987 to 1998?
Does anyone know how they did business from 1987 to 1998? (As in, before they had a website?) I asked them this days ago but I haven't had a reply, despite them saying that they'd reply within 24 hours... 2A00:23EE:14B0:549D:599C:3E62:8E69:BBE0 (talk) 20:55, 24 June 2024 (UTC)
|
WIKI
|
Fencing: Russian riposte - best medal haul in two decades
RIO DE JANEIRO (Reuters) - At an Olympics marred by doping revelations and a meager medal count, Russia fought back on the fencing piste to their best finish in the sport since 1996. Russia’s four golds, one silver and two bronze in fencing - their best sport in Rio after wrestling - gave fans something to cheer amid the worst Summer Olympics performance under the Russian flag since the collapse of the Soviet Union. “We would like to dedicate this medal to the athletes who were not able to compete in these Games,” said Sofya Velikaya after her sabre team won gold, referring to dozens of compatriots banned for widespread doping. The fantastic Russian fencing was remarkable in light of their two silver medals and a bronze in London, following just one gold in Beijing. Hungary also impressed in Rio with two golds, a silver and a bronze - their best fencing since 1972 - thanks to veterans including 41-year-old Geza Imre, the oldest fencer to take an individual Olympic medal since 1952. France rebounded from a 2012 drought as Gauthier Grumier, who lost his first match in London, took individual bronze and led his epee team to gold. Despite fencing in four finals, powerhouse Italy came away with just one gold - their worst finish in over two decades. The United States narrowly missed two shots at their first men’s fencing gold in more than a century, but two silvers and two bronzes highlighted a wealth of young talent. Mariel Zagunis, the most decorated American fencer ever, took her fourth medal and second team bronze, inspiring teammate Dagmara Wozniak to look ahead. “I can see why Mariel tried to win so many times,” said Wozniak. “It’s an awesome feeling, and I am just more geared up to try to repeat this in Tokyo.” Reporting by Brad Haynes; Editing by Bill Rigby
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
[No. A135536.
First Dist., Div. One.
Feb. 28, 2014.]
TIM KEFFELER et al., Plaintiffs and Appellants, v. PARTNERSHIP HEALTHPLAN OF CALIFORNIA, Defendant and Respondent.
Counsel
Medicaid Defense Fund, Lynn S. Carman; and Natallia Mazina for Plaintiffs and Appellants.
Burke, Williams & Sorensen, J. Leah Castella; and Douglas S. Cumming for Defendant and Respondent.
Opinion
BANKE, J.
I. Introduction
Petitioners own pharmacies in Marin and Yolo Counties and used to be paid by the state on a fee-for-service basis for dispensing prescription drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries. However, in late 2010, the state required Medicaid eligible seniors and persons with disabilities to be enrolled in managed health plans. As a result, in 2011, petitioners became part of Partnership HealthPlan of California’s managed care network of pharmacies. Petitioners claim the rates they are paid by Partnership are so low they are being driven to the brink of insolvency. They contend Partnership’s failure to take their costs into account violates the “quality of care” and “equality of access” provisions of section 1902(a)(30)(A) of the Social Security Act (hereafter Section 30(A)). (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A).) Petitioners ground their Section 30(A) claims on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals’ decision in Orthopaedic Hospital v. Belshe (9th Cir. 1997) 103 F.3d 1491 (Orthopaedic Hospital), in which the circuit court held Section 30(A) requires that Medicaid rates be reasonably related to provider costs and that states must base rates on cost studies.
Partnership demurred to the writ petition on several grounds, including that Section 30(A) applies only to fee-for-service programs, and not to managed care. The trial court agreed, sustained the demurrer and ultimately dismissed the writ petition. We affirm, but for a different reason. Regardless of whether Section 30(A) is applicable in the context of managed care, we conclude petitioners’ Section 30(A) claims are no longer viable in the wake of the Ninth Circuit’s decision in Managed Pharmacy Care v. Sebelius (9th Cir. 2013) 716 F.3d 1235 (Managed Pharmacy Care), in which the circuit court repudiated its holding in Orthopaedic Hospital.
II. Background
A. Statutory Framework
A rudimentary understanding of the Medicaid program is necessary to understand the allegations of the writ petition. We therefore start with a general overview of the applicable statutes and regulations.
1. Evolution of Federal Law
“ ‘Medicaid is a cooperative federal-state program through which the federal government reimburses states for certain medical expenses incurred on behalf of needy persons.’ ” (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at p. 1241, quoting Alaska Dept. of Health and Social Services v. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (9th Cir. 2005) 424 F.3d 931, 934 (Alaska DHSS).) “States do not have to participate in Medicaid, but those that choose to do so ‘must comply both with statutory requirements imposed by the Medicaid Act and with regulations promulgated by the Secretary . . .’ ” of the United States Department of Health and Human Services (Secretary). (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at p. 1241, quoting Alaska DHSS, supra, 424 F.3d at p. 935.)
Congress established the Medicaid program in 1965. (67 Fed.Reg. 40989 (June 14, 2002) ; see Life Care Centers of America v. CalOptima (2005) 133 Cal.App.4th 1169, 1174 [35 Cal.Rptr.3d 387] (Life Care).) “The program is jointly funded by the federal and state governments and is administered by the states. The states determine eligibility, the types of services covered, payment levels for services, and other aspects of administration, within the confines of federal law.” (Clayworth v. Bonta (E.D.Cal. 2003) 295 F.Supp.2d 1110, 1113 (Clayworth), revd. on another ground in 140 Fed.Appx. 677 (9th Cir. 2005).
“States must submit to a federal agency (CMS [Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services], a division of the Department of Health and Human Services) a state Medicaid plan that details the nature and scope of the State’s Medicaid program. It must also submit any amendments to the plan it may make from time to time. And it must receive the agency’s approval of the plan and any amendments.” (Douglas v. Independent Living Center of Southern Cal., Inc. (2012) 565 U.S._[182 L.Ed.2d 101, 132 S.Ct. 1204, 1207].) “Congress expressly delegated to the Secretary the responsibility and the authority to administer the Medicaid program and to review state Medicaid plans and plan amendments for compliance with federal law.” (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at p. 1241.)
Section 1902(a) of the Social Security Act enumerates the required contents of a state plan. (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(l)-(81).) Section 30(A), in particular, requires that a state plan must “provide such methods and procedures relating to the utilization of, and the payment for, care and services available under the plan ... as may be necessary to safeguard against unnecessary utilization of such care and services and to assure that payments are consistent with efficiency, economy, and quality of care and are sufficient to enlist enough providers so that care and services are available under the plan at least to the extent that such care and services are available to the general population in the geographic area . . . .” (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A).)
Exactly what Section 30(A) requires of states in terms of payments to providers has been the subject of considerable litigation. (See 76 Fed.Reg. 26342, 26343 (May 6, 2011) [discussing cases and noting at the time there was “no consensus among the circuits”].) In Orthopaedic Hospital, for example, the Ninth Circuit held the section requires that payments “bear a reasonable relationship to an efficient and economical [provider’s] costs in providing quality care,” and the circuit court remanded with directions to the state to “undertake responsible cost studies that will provide reliable data as to the [provider’s] costs” in providing efficient, quality care. (Orthopaedic Hospital, supra, 103 F.3d at p. 1500.) Orthopaedic Hospital paved the way for a series of Ninth Circuit cases reiterating and applying its holding in various contexts. (E.g., California Pharmacists Assn. v. Maxwell-Jolly (9th Cir. 2010) 596 F.3d 1098, 1105-1107 [state Legislature must engage in analysis required in Orthopaedic Hospital in fixing reimbursement rates]; Independent Living Center of Southern California v. Maxwell-Jolly (9th Cir. 2009) 572 F.3d 644, 651-652 [state is required to rely on responsible cost studies in setting reimbursement rates]; see California Hospital Assn. v. Maxwell-Jolly (2010) 188 Cal.App.4th 559, 574-578 [115 Cal.Rptr.3d 572] [agreeing with Orthopaedic Hospital that state must consider provider costs in setting reimbursement rates].)
In its recent decision in Managed Pharmacy Care, however, the Ninth Circuit reversed course and held Section 30(A) does not require states to consider provider costs in setting rates. (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at p. 1241.) “The statute says nothing about cost studies. It says nothing about any particular methodology.” {Id. at p. 1249.) The court further observed every other circuit that had considered the issue also had held Section 30(A) does not require “any particular methodology.” (Managed Pharmacy Care, atpp. 1249-1250; see California Assn, for Health Services at Home v. State Dept. of Health Care Services (2012) 204 Cal.App.4th 676, 684 [138 Cal.Rptr.3d 889] [similarly concluding “section 30(A) does not require states to utilize any particular methodology in setting reimbursement rates,” nor does it require the state “to consider provider costs in performing its rate review, much less ensure that its rates [bear] a reasonable relationship to such costs”].) We discuss the scope and import of Section 30(A) in more detail in the next part of this opinion.
2. Fee-for-service Model and Shift to Managed Care
“When the Medicaid program was created, coverage typically was provided through reimbursements by the State agency to health care providers who submitted claims for payment after they provided health care services to Medicaid beneficiaries. This reimbursement arrangement is referred to as ‘fee-for-service’ (FSS) payment.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989 (June 14, 2002).) Not surprisingly, then, “[initially, there were no statutory or regulatory provisions specifically addressing the use of managed care by State agencies.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40992.)
During ensuing years, pressure grew to provide Medicaid funded services through managed care programs. In the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub.L. No. 97-35, enacted on Aug. 13, 1981; 1981 Budget Act), Congress amended the Social Security Act to “allow[] State agencies to mandate that Medicaid beneficiaries enroll in [managed care organizations].” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989 (June 14, 2002).) While states were empowered to mandate enrollment in managed care, to implement such programs they were generally “required to obtain a waiver of [the] Medicaid statutory requirement for beneficiary ‘freedom of choice’ of providers.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989.)
After the passage of the 1981 Budget Act, states increasingly “provided Medicaid coverage through contracts with managed care organizations . . . , such as health maintenance organizations .... Through these contracts [a managed care organization] is paid a fixed, prospective, monthly payment for each beneficiary enrolled with the entity for health coverage. This payment approach is referred to as ‘capitation.’ Beneficiaries enrolled in capitated [managed care organizations] are required to receive health care services . . . through the [managed care organization] that receives the capitation payment.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989 (June 14, 2002).)
By 1997, 43 percent of all Medicaid beneficiaries “were enrolled in [managed care organizations] for a comprehensive array of Medicaid services.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989 (June 14, 2002).) At this point, the need for statutory and regulatory provisions pertaining specifically to managed care was acute. Accordingly, in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (Pub.L. No. 105-33 (Aug. 5, 1997) 111 Stat. 251; 1997 Budget Act), Congress once again amended the Social Security Act, this time adding new provisions pertaining to managed care. (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40990 (June 14, 2002) [1997 Budget Act “represent[ed] the first comprehensive revision to Federal statutes governing Medicaid managed care in over a decade”].) Specifically, the 1997 Budget Act added section 1932 to the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2) and amended section 1903(m) of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396b(m)).
These two statutory provisions: “(1) Reduce requirements for State agencies to obtain waivers to implement certain managed care programs; (2) eliminate enrollment composition requirements for managed care contracts; (3) increase beneficiary protections for enrollees in Medicaid managed care entities; (4) improve quality assurance; (5) establish solvency standards; (6) protect against fraud and abuse; (7) permit a period of guaranteed eligibility for Medicaid beneficiaries; and (8) improve certain administrative features of State managed care programs.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40990 (June 14, 2002).)
The Secretary, in turn, promulgated an extensive regulatory scheme implementing the new legislation, set forth in 42 Code of Federal Regulations part 438. (42 C.F.R. § 438 et seq. (2013).) The Secretary drew on two decades of studies and oversight of managed care programs to identify “the approaches, tools, and techniques that we believed would most effectively measure and improve health care quality in managed care.” (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40993 (June 14, 2002).)
3. California’s Medicaid Program (Medi-Cal)
“California’s Medicaid program is known as Medi-Cal.” (Clayworth, supra, 295 F.Supp.2d at p. 1114.) “It is administered by the California Department of Health Services” and “operates on both a fee-for-service and managed care basis.” (Ibid.)
In connection with the “ ‘fee for service’ process . . . [the department] determines whether the healthcare services were ‘medically necessary’ and, if so, pays the service providers directly. [Citation.] When [the department] pays service providers directly, it follows a schedule of benefits ([Welf. & Inst. Code,] § 14132), many of which are subject to ‘utilization controls,’ such as prior authorization by a [department] consultant, a postservice prepayment audit, a postservice postpayment audit, a limitation on the number of services, and a separate review of the services provided. ([Id.,] § 14133.)” (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1174.)
“Alternatively, [the department] administers Medi-Cal through various managed care models operated by public and private entities under contract. ([Welf. & Inst. Code,] §§ 14087.5-14087.95.) The purpose of these managed care programs is to ‘ “reduce costs, prevent unnecessary utilization, reduce inappropriate utilization, and assure adequate access to quality care for Medicaid recipients.” ’ [Citation.]” (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at pp. 1174-1175.)
“One legislatively authorized managed care model” is a county organized health system, such as Partnership HealthPlan. (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1175.) In the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Pub.L. No. 101-508 (Nov. 5, 1990) 104 Stat. 1388), Congress both acknowledged this particular species of managed care entity (which, in federal parlance, is called a “health insuring organization”) and exempted it from the statutory requirements otherwise applicable to a “managed care organization” as defined under federal law. (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40994 (June 14, 2002).)
County organized health systems operate under a legislative scheme set forth in Welfare and Institutions Code sections 14087.5 to 14087.95. (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1178.) Such a system “operates under a contract negotiated by the California Medical Assistance Commission [now, by the department] on behalf of the state. ([Welf. & Inst. Code,] § 14087.5, subd[s. (a), (c)(1)].) Rather than operating under specific statutory mandates, the county is bound by the rules, terms, and conditions negotiated under the contract. ([Id.,] § 14087.55.) In addition, the standard contracts require the [county organized health system] to develop, implement and maintain utilization management controls.” (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1179.) Thus, unless the contract expressly incorporates statutory provisions otherwise applicable to the State Department of Health Care Services in providing Medi-Cal services directly through fee-for-service programs, a county organized health system is not subject to such provisions. (Id. at pp. 1179-1180.)
A county organized health system “is paid on a fixed, or ‘capitated’ basis for each Medi-Cal recipient, regardless of the level of services used by each recipient. In turn, the [health system] assumes the financial risk of its members’ care and pays health service providers directly. ([Welf. & Inst. Code,] § 14087.6.)” (Life Care, supra, 133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1175.) Section 14087.6 also “confers upon counties operating a [county organized health system] broad authority to determine the manner in which it reimburses care providers.” (133 Cal.App.4th at p. 1181.) In short, “the Legislature granted [county organized health systems] the authority to negotiate a broad range of payment terms with health care providers, subject only to the restriction that the amount payable not exceed the estimate under the Medi-Cal fee-for-service program.” (Ibid.) The state may, of course, contractually restrict a county’s payment rates and practices. (Ibid.) The state also “is required to monitor each [county organized health system] as to the level and quality of services rendered, the costs incurred, and compliance with federal law. ([Welf. & Inst. Code,] § 14087.8.)” (Ibid.)
Prior to the 1997 enactment of the Medicaid statutes pertaining specifically to managed care, California operated Medi-Cal managed care programs through various waivers issued by the Secretary under section 1915(b) of the Social Security Act. One of these waivers allowed for the use of “health insuring organizations” (called, as we have discussed, county organized health systems under state law), pursuant to which Partnership Health Plan has operated a managed care system.
With this general background, we now turn to petitioners’ allegations.
B. The Allegations of the Petition
We recite only the allegations pertinent to the issue on appeal, namely whether petitioners have stated a claim against Partnership Health Plan under Section 30(A). In this regard, petitioners allege the following:
In October 2010, the state enacted legislation requiring Medicaid eligible seniors and persons with disabilities to be enrolled in Medi-Cal managed care plans, so long as the state obtained the necessary waiver under section 1115 of the Social Security Act. The following month, the Secretary (through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services) granted such waiver for a Medicaid “Demonstration” entitled “California Bridge to Reform” (California Demonstration). The waiver covers the period from November 1, 2010, through October 31, 2015.
The waiver and its special terms and conditions allowed the State Department of Health Care Services to contract with Partnership Health Plan to arrange for the provision of pharmacy services to Medicaid eligible seniors and persons with disabilities through contracting pharmacies.
As a result, on July 1, 2011, “thousands” of seniors and persons with disabilities in Marin and Mendocino Counties “who formerly received their Medi-Cal pharmacy services under a statewide Medi-Cal fee-for-service program” were mandatorily enrolled “en masse” into Partnership Health Plan, “a Medi-Cal managed care entity.” Petitioners’ pharmacies, likewise, became part of “the network of pharmacies” in Partnership’s Medi-Cal pharmacy program.
The pharmacies contract directly with Medlmpact, a pharmacy benefit manager which performs data processing for Partnership. However, it is Partnership Health Plan, itself, that (1) authorizes and approves payment rates or amounts paid to pharmacies in the network, (2) adopts the drug formulary and the policies for approving treatment authorization requests for the network, (3) ultimately approves or disapproves every treatment authorization request submitted by a pharmacy on behalf of the Medi-Cal beneficiary, (4) determines which generic drugs are subject to a maximum allowable cost limit on reimbursement for the pharmacy’s acquisition cost, and (5) sets the amount of the maximum allowable cost limit for each generic drug.
There is a significant disparity between the reimbursement provided by private third party payors and by Partnership for pharmacy services and prescription drugs, and the pharmacies are sustaining net losses on “virtually all or most of their sales” in the Partnership program.
Section 30(A) allegedly “manifestly applies” to setting rates for Partnership Health Plan’s pharmacy program. “[P]rocedurally,” Section 30(A) allegedly requires Partnership to “consider the statutory factors of efficiency, economy, and quality of care in setting a pharmacy provider rate.” “[S]ubstantively,” the statute allegedly requires that payments “be set or paid that bear a reasonable relationship to efficient and economic pharmacies costs of providing quality services.” “To do this,” Partnership “must rely on responsible cost studies.” Additionally, Partnership cannot set rates “in which budgetary considerations are the sole or conclusive consideration.”
Thus, Partnership allegedly “procedurally” violates Section 30(A) “systematically” by having “systems, policies, practices, and payments which are based on purely budgetary, i.e., financial, considerations, made without regard to the factor of quality of care.” Or, stated another way, there is a “procedural violation” of Section 30(A) “in that the rates are set so substantially below the costs of pharmacies to acquire-and-dispense the medicines, that they could not have been set with any consideration of quality of care or of costs of pharmacies to furnish quality care to their patients.” (Italics omitted.) Partnership similarly “substantively” violates Section 30(A) “systematically” by having “systems, policies, and practices and payments which pay pharmacies payments that bear no relationship to pharmacies’ costs to acquire-and-dispense medications.” Or, stated another way, there is a “substantive violation” of Section 30(A) because rates “bear no rational relationship to pharmacies’ costs to acquire-and-dispense the vast majority of the prescriptions.”
As relief, petitioners seek a writ requiring Partnership Health Plan, among other things, to adopt new pharmacy rates “(i) for their cost to acquire both brand drug products and multi-source drug products, and (ii) for their overhead cost, per prescription,—which rate or rates of payment,—including payments to reimburse for acquisition costs, and dispensing fee payments to reimburse for overhead costs to dispense a prescription, [which] shall be reasonably related to costs of pharmacies to furnish quality pharmacy and prescription services and shall comply with the procedural and substantive requirements of Section 30A.” Petitioners similarly seek a writ requiring Partnership to cease utilizing its “maximum allowable cost” policy for generic drugs and to adopt a new policy “which complies with Section 30(A).” In the interim, petitioners ask that Partnership be required to pay the rates “currently being paid in the statewide Medi-Cal fee-for-service program.” They also ask that the court review new rates and policies to insure “conformance” with “the requirements of Section 30(A).”
C. The Demurrer and Dismissal
Partnership demurred to the petition on several grounds, including that Section 30(A) does not apply to managed care. The trial court agreed. It concluded Partnership is a managed care organization, and “as a matter of statutory construction, [Partnership’s] obligation to insure quality care is governed” by section 1932 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2), not Section 30(A) (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A)). Although granted leave to amend, petitioners chose not to do so, and the court dismissed the writ petition with prejudice.
III. Discussion
As we have discussed, in Managed Pharmacy Care, the Ninth Circuit repudiated its decision in Orthopaedic Hosp. Orthopaedic Hosp. involved a traditional fee-for-service Medi-Cal program. The circuit court held Section 30(A) requires state payments to providers to “bear a reasonable relationship to an efficient and economical [provider’s] costs in providing quality care” and to accomplish that mandate, states must “undertake responsible cost studies that will provide reliable data as to the [provider’s] costs” in providing efficient, quality care. (Orthopaedic Hosp., supra, 103 F.3d at p. 1500.)
This view was not shared by other circuits, or by the Secretary, and in Managed Pharmacy Care, which also involved a fee-for-service program, the Ninth Circuit reversed course. Observing the language of Section 30(A) “is ‘broad and diffuse,’ ” the court concluded the Secretary’s interpretation of the “amorphous language” is entitled in great deference. (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at pp. 1247-1248.)
Accordingly, in Managed Pharmacy Care, the Ninth Circuit held, as had other circuits, that Section 30(A) does not require states to consider provider costs in setting rates. (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at p. 1241.) “Rather, by its terms [Section] 30(A) requires a substantive result— reimbursement rates must be consistent with efficiency, economy, and quality care, and sufficient to enlist enough providers to ensure adequate beneficiary access. Congress did not purport to instruct the Secretary how to accomplish these substantive goals. That decision is left to the agency.” (Id. at p. 1249.) While provider costs might be pertinent, the court observed that also might not be the case, “depending on the circumstances of each State’s plan .... Each State participating in Medicaid has unique, local interests that come to bear. The Secretary must be free to consider, for each State, the most appropriate way for that State to demonstrate compliance with [Section] 30(A).” (Ibid.)
Fairly read, petitioners’ claims are all predicated on Orthopaedic Ho spin now repudiated holding that Section 30(A) requires that provider costs be taken into account in determining payment rates and that states must conduct cost studies before setting rates. In supplemental briefing, petitioners asserted they have also alleged a more generic claim, that Partnership’s payment rates are not consistent with “quality care.” This excised reading of their allegations, however, requires the reader to turn a blind eye to the vast majority of their allegations, which include express citations to Orthopaedic Hosp. It also ignores the relief they seek—a writ requiring Partnership to set new reimbursement rates based on petitioners’ costs to acquire pharmaceutical products, overhead costs, and service costs, so that rates are “reasonably related to costs of pharmacies to furnish quality pharmacy and prescription services.”
In further supplemental briefing, petitioners contended they have stated a claim under the Third Circuit’s recent decision in Christ the King Manor, Inc. v. Secretary United States Department of Health and Human Services (3d Cir. 2013) 730 F.3d 291 (Christ the King Manor). Christ the King Manor also involved a traditional fee-for-service program, for nursing home care. This case arose as a challenge under the federal Administrative Procedure Act ((June 11, 1946) ch. 324, 60 Stat. 237) to the Secretary’s approval of a supplemental state plan amendment. While the Third Circuit partially reversed summary judgment for the Secretary, it did not back away from its view that Section 30(A) “ ‘does not impose any particular method or process’ ” on a state as to how it achieves the statute’s substantive mandate to “ ‘assure that payments to providers produce four outcomes: (1) “efficiency,” (2) “economy,” (3) “quality of care,” and (4) adequate access to providers.’ ” (Id. at pp. 308, 307, quoting Pa. Pharmacists Assn. v. Houstoun (3d Cir. 2002) 283 F.3d 531, 537 (Pa. Pharmacists Assn.); see Rite Aid, Inc. v. Houstoun (3d Cir. 1999) 171 F.3d 842, 851 (Rite Aid).)
Rather, the circuit court held the “sparse” administrative record before it, which contained “no studies or analyses of any kind,” was insufficient to show that the proposed plan amendment, applying a purported temporary adjustment factor that reduced nursing home reimbursement rates below what would otherwise be paid under the state’s formula, complied with Section 30(A). (Christ the King Manor, supra, 730 F.3d at p. 309.) The court explained that while the reduction might “not affect quality of care,” the contrary might also be true, particularly after years of utilizing what was supposed to have been a temporary adjustment factor. (Id. at p. 311.) What the Secretary could not do was simply conclude, without any data, that “because prior cuts did not seem too painful, a deeper cut would not hurt.” (Ibid.) Similarly, the Secretary could not rely solely on the fact other statutes pertaining to nursing homes imposed quality care standards or on the state’s “unsupported assertion” its plan would continue to meet Section 30(A)’s requirements. (730 F.3d at pp. 311-313.)
Unlike Christ the King Manor, we are not dealing with traditional fee-for-service rate setting, or with a state plan or supplemental plan amendment subject to approval by the Secretary, or with an administrative record like that before the Third Circuit being challenged under the federal Administrative Procedure Act. Moreover, the Third Circuit reaffirmed its view that even in the traditional fee-for-service context, Section 30(A) does not require any specific rate methodology and the Secretary has great discretion in determining how the “four outcomes” required by Section 30(A)— “efficiency,” “economy,” “quality of care,” and “adequate access to providers”—are achieved. (Christ the King Manor, supra, 730 F.3d at pp. 307-308.) “ ‘Section 30(A), unlike the Boren Amendment, does not demand that payments be set at levels that are sufficient to cover provider costs,’ but instead requires that they be ‘sufficient to meet recipients’ needs.’ ” (Id. at p. 308, quoting Pa. Pharmacists Assn., supra, 283 F.3d at p. 538, italics added.) Thus, “. . . Section 30(A) allows states to set a rate methodology using any process that is reasonable, considers more than simply budgetary factors, and results in payments that are sufficient to meet recipients’ needs.” (Christ the King, supra, at p. 308, italics added.)
Notably, the managed care statutes and regulations similarly speak in terms of providing adequate beneficiary access to health care. For example, the extensive “Beneficiary protections” set forth in the statutes include requirements that managed care organizations demonstrate that they have the “capacity to serve the expected enrollment” in each service area (42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2(b)(5)), offer “an appropriate range of services and access to preventive and primary care services” (id., (b)(5)(A)), and maintain “a sufficient number, mix, and geographic distribution of providers of services” (id., (b)(5)(B)). Thus, the Secretary, during the regulatory promulgation process, declined to extend the statutory requirement imposed on managed care organizations—that such entities be “actuarially sound”—to payment rates between managed care organizations and subcontracting providers. (67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40998 (June 14, 2002).) The Secretary explained she does “not regulate the payment rates between [managed care organizations] and subcontracting providers” (save for one exception not pertinent here). (Ibid.) “Congress has not established any standards for payments to subcontractors” because “one of the efficiencies of managed care is premised on [a managed care organization’s] ability to negotiate favorable payment rates with network providers. [Managed Core Organizations] must pay sufficient rates to guarantee that their networks meet the access requirements in subpart C of this final rule.” (Ibid.) Thus, “payment rates are adequate to the extent the [managed care organization] has documented the adequacy of its network.” (Ibid., italics added; see id. at p. 41019 [Secretary does “not believe that it is necessary to impose [provider compensation requirements on managed care organizations] beyond requiring that payments to providers be sufficient to encourage sufficient provider participation.”)
Petitioners’ allegations do not focus on the Medicaid recipients, but on the subcontracting providers. Their allegations also do not contend Partnership’s network is inadequate to serve recipients, but instead insist provider payment rates must, under Section 30(A), take into account provider costs. In sum, petitioners’ Section 30(A) claims are based squarely on the Ninth Circuit’s interpretation of that statute in Orthopaedic Hosp. With the demise of that case, so, too, go petitioners’ claims, as we agree with the Ninth Circuit’s analysis and holding in Managed Pharmacy Care. (See California Assn, for Health Services at Home v. State Dept. of Health Care Services, supra, 204 Cal.App.4th at pp. 684-685 [reaching same conclusions 9th Circuit reached in Managed Pharmacy Care].) Petitioners state no claim under Section 30(A) as interpreted in Managed Pharmacy Care, and we need not go further to affirm the judgment of dismissal.
IV. Disposition
The judgment dismissing the petition for writ of mandate is affirmed. Respondents to recover costs on appeal.
Margulies, Acting P. J., and Dondero, J., concurred.
Appellants’ petition for review by the Supreme Court was denied June 11, 2014, S217704.
Medicaid provisions are commonly referred to by the sections of the Social Security Act (sometimes Act; e.g., section 1902(a)(30)(A)). We follow that practice, but also provide citations to the United States Code (e.g., 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A)) as appropriate for clarity.
We take judicial notice of two Federal Register publications by the Secretary, 67 Fed.Reg. 40989-41116 (June 14, 2002) and 76 Fed.Reg. 26342-26362 (May 6, 2011). (Evid. Code, §§ 452, subd. (b), 459.)
Both California Pharmacists Assn. v. Maxwell-Jolly, supra, 596 F.3d 1098 and Independent Living Center of Southern California v. Maxwell-Jolly, supra, 572 F.3d 644 were vacated and remanded by Douglas v. Independent Living Center of Southern Cal., Inc., supra, 565 U.S._ [182 L.Ed.2d 101, 132 S.Ct. 1204, 1211],
The Social Security Act empowers the Secretary to waive certain statutory provisions to promote innovation and efficiency. Section 1115 of the Act authorizes the Secretary, “[i]n the case of any experimental, pilot, or demonstration project” that is “likely to assist in promoting [statutory] objectives,” to waive state plan compliance with a number of statutes, including section 1902a of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396a), which embraces Section 30(A). (42 U.S.C. § 1315(a)(1).) Section 1915 of the Act authorizes the Secretary to grant waivers of numerous provisions of section 1902a of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396a), including Section 30(A), “to promote cost-effectiveness and efficiency.” (42 U.S.C. § 1396n(b).) We note that while waiver of the freedom-of-choice requirement (one of the many plan requirements enumerated in section 1902(a) of the Act (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(23)(A))) has frequently been mentioned in the regulatory history (e.g., 67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40990, 40993 (June 14, 2002)), no similar mention has been made of the need for a waiver of the requirements of Section 30(A) (also one of the plan requirements set forth in section 1902(a) (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A))).
5 Section 1932 of the Act exempts managed care organizations from three of the plan requirements set forth in section 1902(a) of the Act—that a plan must be in effect throughout the state (42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(l)), must provide comparable services to all beneficiaries (id., (a)(10)(B)), and must allow beneficiaries freedom of choice in selecting a Medicaid provider (id., (a)(23)(A)). (42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2(a)(l)(A)(i).) Notably, this list of exemptions from section 1902(a) plan requirements does not include Section 30(A). Moreover, in 2009, Congress added a new paragraph (h) to section 1932, specifically addressing “Indian managed care entities” and expressly providing, among other things, that the paragraph is not to be construed “as waiving the application of . . . [Section 30(A)] . . . (relating to application of standards to assure that payments are consistent with efficiency, economy, and quality of care).” (42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2(h)(2)(D).) This language in the managed care statute, itself, suggests Congress does not view the fundamental objectives of Section 30(A)—efficiency, economy, quality of care and access—as inherently inconsistent with managed care.
These comprehensive statutory provisions, thus, address efficiency, economy, quality of care and access to care—i.e., the fundamental objectives of Section 30(A)—in the context of managed care. (E.g., 42 U.S.C. § 1396u-2(b) [extensive “[b]eneficiary protections”], & (c) [extensive “[q]uality assurance standards”]; 42 U.S.C. § 1396b(m) [strict “solvency” requirements].)
Like the managed care statutes, the regulations comprehensively address efficiency, economy, quality of care and access in the context of managed care. (E.g., 42 C.F.R. §§ 438.100 et seq. [beneficiary protections], 438.200 et seq. [quality assurance] 438.6 [contract requirements] (2013).)
The Secretary has thus explained that county organized health systems “are managed care delivery systems unique to California .... [They] are exempt from the managed care requirements of section 1932 of the [Social Security] Act (implemented through 42 CFR Part 438) because they are not subject to the managed care contract requirements of 1903(m)(2)(A)” that apply to managed care organizations as defined by federal law and contracts with such organizations. While county organized health systems are not managed care organizations as statutorily defined, they are nevertheless subject to regulatory control by the Secretary as managed care entities. (See 67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40992 (June 14, 2002) [discussing Secretary’s exercise of her broad authority under the Act to “impose regulatory requirements” on managed entities exempt from statutory requirements].) Indeed, the term “health insuring organization” (which includes county organized health systems) is expressly defined in the managed care regulations (42 C.F.R. § 438.2 (2013); see 67 Fed.Reg. 40989, 40996 (June 14, 2002)), and a number of the regulations expressly apply to these entities. (E.g., 42 C.F.R. §§ 436.6(b) & (c), 483.310(c) (2013).)
The special terms and conditions were issued in conjunction with, and as a part of, the waiver. They are 116 pages in length and address all aspects of the California Demonstration, including as it pertains to Medicaid eligible seniors and persons with disabilities.
The standard of review on appeal from a judgment of dismissal following the sustaining of a demurrer to a petition for writ of mandate without leave to amend is well established. We examine the pleading de novo to determine whether it alleges facts sufficient to state a cause of action under any legal theory. (Keyes v. Bowen (2010) 189 Cal.App.4th 647, 655 [117 Cal.Rptr.3d 207].) We give the pleading “a reasonable interpretation and treat the demurrer as admitting all material facts properly pleaded, but we do not assume the truth of contentions, deductions, or conclusions of law.” (Ibid.) If the trial court’s judgment denying the petition “is correct in result, it must be affirmed, irrespective of the considerations which may have moved the trial court to its conclusions.” (Little v. Los Angeles County Assessment Appeals Bds. (2007) 155 Cal.App.4th 915, 925, fn. 6 [66 Cal.Rptr.3d 401].)
Pointing out the Secretary was not a party in Orthopaedic Hosp., the circuit court observed it did not have the benefit of her input and therefore had to interpret the statute “in the absence of an authoritative agency construction.” (Managed Pharmacy Care, supra, 716 F.3d at pp. 1245-1246.) We are laboring under a similar absence of input from the Secretary despite the complexity of Medicaid administration, the recognition “the agency is the expert in all things Medicaid” (id. at p. 1248), and the Secretary’s involvement with the use of managed care delivery systems since the inception of the Medicaid program. Nor has this case had the benefit of the State Department of Health Care Services’s participation, despite the fact it is the body that deals with the Secretary in connection with the California Demonstration and is charged by statute with monitoring county organized health systems, including as to the level and quality of services rendered, the costs incurred, and compliance with federal law. (Welf. & Inst. Code, § 14087.8.)
We therefore do not resolve the questions of whether Section 30(A) applies in the context of managed care, and if it does, what its scope and import is in that context. Nor do we need to reach petitioner’s claim that Partnership is, in fact, operating a fee-for-service pharmacy program and is therefore subject to Section 30(A) as it applies to such traditional programs. However, as to that point, we discern no legal basis on which petitioners can pluck the “pharmacy category of services” out of the many services provided through Partnership’s managed care system, and as to that one service invoke statutory and regulatory provisions applicable to traditional fee-for-service state plans subject to approval by the Secretary. Both the Secretary and the state view and treat Partnership as a managed care entity, and we would decline to do otherwise by parsing the benefits provided under its auspices.
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CASELAW
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Talk:Ar Angel Aviles
This page should not be deleted because she was known as a child star in GMA network here in the Philippines.
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WIKI
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Imbedded Interface Points (IIPs)
The Framework is shipped with a large number of imbedded interface points (IIPs).
IIPs are places at which externally exposed code is invoked to perform specific internal (or imbedded) logic while the Framework is executing.
For example, in VLF-WIN applications there is an IIP method named avConnectFiles that defines how files are to be connected up to a server system by the Framework.
This standard shipped IIP version does this:
Mthroutine avConnectFiles options(*Redefine)
* ==> Define_map *input #std_obj #UserProfile
* ==> Define_map *input #vf_elnum #DftBlockSize
* ==> Define_map *input #vf_elnum #DftMaxRecSel
USE BUILTIN(CONNECT_FILE) WITH_ARGS('*' *SSERVER_SSN #DftBlockSize.Value
#DftMaxRecSel.Value)
Endroutine
If you want you can modify this shipped IIP logic to do something different for your Framework.
In VLF-WIN applications the IIPs are defined as methods in the shipped component UF_SYSTM.
In VLF-ONE applications the IIPs are defined as methods in the shipped component UF_OSYSTM.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Katja K
Untitled
Self-declared Wiki porn policeman Tabercil: Kindly be less hasty in editing other people's contributions in cases where you may not have enough insight into the particular topic to measure what is of relevance in a wider, non-pornographic perspective. Your pornographic expertise may be vast, but Wikipedia should also reflect such areas as historical and sociological interest. Katja Kean is not just a busty blonde, but someone who's career uniquely reflects several important areas of Scandivian culture. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 19:07, 22 September 2006 (UTC)
Well. Let's take a look at what we have here, shall we? I have nothing against what you are trying to do - Wikipedia is open to all to contribute. It's just that there are guidelines which should be followed. Tabercil 16:50, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
* 1) Filmography. As per the filmography guidelines for the WikiProject Porn stars, "Filmographies are to be limited to six films at most" with clear guidelines as when a film can be added above and beyond those numbers. Since there was no context in the original article for why a given film should be listed, I randomly cut down until the number of films present were closer to six. If you feel the filmography should be longer, go ahead... but be sure to defend why with specific reference to the guidelines why that film deserves to be on the list.
* 2) The links to the individual films would be quite alright... on pages that were about those specific films. They do not belong in the article about Katja K - links in her article should be specifically about Katja K and not about projects she did. After all, look at the articles for a number of other actors... you don't see links to the websites promoting specific films for people like Arnold Schwarzenegger or Julia Roberts, do you?
Tabercil, your ability to quote guidelines while wielding your hatchet is unparallelled! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 06:54, 25 September 2006 (UTC)
Yo guys, first of all, Katja Kean can't any longer be considered as merely a porn star, and hence normal porn star guide lines don't apply. Secondly, shouldn't she be listed primarily as "Katja Kean", the name most people know her as? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs) 08:29, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
* If you take a look at the article, it explains why she's not listed as Katja Keen: "Katja changed her stage name from "Katja Kean" to "Katja K" after a Danish family named Kean complained that they resented their family name being connected to a porn star". And while she may no longer be merely a porn star, I feel that those portions of the article which deal with her porn career will still fall under the WikiProject Porn stars banner. Tabercil 21:34, 26 September 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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John Williams (died 1751)
John Williams (died 1 January 1751) was a Member of Parliament for Fowey within Cornwall, England, in January 1701 and December 1701.
He was the eldest son of William Williams of Bodenick and Treworgy.
He was appointed High Sheriff of Cornwall for 1703–04.
He never married.
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WIKI
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--- title: How to check DHCP server information tags: DHCP centos7 Nmap author: tkprof slide: false --- ### Prerequiste - nmap ``` yum install nmap Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp * elrepo: ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp * epel: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * epel-debuginfo: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * epel-source: ftp.jaist.ac.jp * extras: ftp.nara.wide.ad.jp * updates: ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nmap.x86_64 2:6.40-7.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved Installing: nmap x86_64 2:6.40-7.el7 base 4.0 M Transaction Summary Install 1 Package Total download size: 4.0 M Installed size: 16 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: nmap-6.40-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 4.0 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 2:nmap-6.40-7.el7.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 2:nmap-6.40-7.el7.x86_64 1/1 Installed: nmap.x86_64 2:6.40-7.el7 Complete! ``` ### How to check - nmap --script broadcast-dhcp-discover ``` nmap --script broadcast-dhcp-discover Starting Nmap 6.40 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2018-04-13 09:47 JST Pre-scan script results: | broadcast-dhcp-discover: | IP Offered: XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX | DHCP Message Type: DHCPOFFER | Server Identifier: YYY.YYY.YYY.YYY | IP Address Lease Time: 0 days, 0:05:00 | Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 | Time Offset: 32400 | Router: ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ.ZZZ | Domain Name Server: | Domain Name: | Broadcast Address: |_ NTP Servers: WARNING: No targets were specified, so 0 hosts scanned. Nmap done: 0 IP addresses (0 hosts up) scanned in 0.23 seconds ```
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Opioid Receptor Genetic Variants
Your body makes it’s own, natural opioids as a way to regulate pain, reward, and addictive behaviors. One example is the endorphin rush after a hard workout — a runner’s high. This is also how the body shuts down too much pain.
Genetic variants, though, mean that we don’t all feel the same amount of pain, and we don’t all react the same way to opiate-based drugs.
How does the mu opioid receptor work?
OPRM1 gene codes for the mu opioid receptor. These receptors are on the outer membranes of neurons. When something binds to that receptor, it triggers a chemical change that starts a cascade of events leading to pain relief and feelings of pleasure due to an increase in dopamine.
More specifically, mu opioid receptors are found in the neurons of the spinal cord, the brain, and in the intestines. Nociceptors are what initially signals to the brain that there is pain. For example, when you hit your thumb with a hammer, the nociceptors in your thumb will trigger a signal that it hurts. This initiates a multistep process to relay the signal, and then the brain also is involved in learning from the pain (e.g. don’t hit your thumb with a hammer). The opioid receptors, when activated, partially block the activation of the neurons that are relaying the pain signal.
There are two other opioid receptors in the body, as well. They are known as delta and kappa (perhaps the topic of future articles).
Endogenous ligands (a.k.a. stuff your body makes that activates the receptor):
One natural opioid that your body produces is β-endorphin. They are produced by the pituitary and hypothalamus to maintain homeostasis and reduce stress.
β-endorphins can be released into the body and decrease pain through the neurons in the peripheral nervous system. They can also be released in different brain regions. When β-endorphins bind to the opioid receptor, this inhibits GABA which then allows for a greater release of dopamine.[ref] Dopamine is associated with pleasure and reinforces learning, rewarding you.
Another natural opioid peptide that your body produces in enkephalin. This neuropeptide is found in the brain and the adrenal medulla, and it can bind to the mu opioid receptor. It reduces the production of substance P, which transmits pain via your neurons.
Exogenous ligands (a.k.a. drugs that bind to the receptor):
Opium has been used for thousands of years for pain relief and to treat dysentery. It comes from the dried latex that is exuded from a cut on a poppy seed pod. Historically, opium has been smoked or made into a tincture called laudanum. Wars have been fought over it. The purification of opium into morphine was a historical breakthrough in that it allowed doctors to treat patients with a known dose, rather than relying on the vagarities of the potency of the raw opium. Merck pharmaceutical company was founded on the sale of morphine.
There are several important medications and illegal recreational drugs that bind to the mu opioid receptors that are derived from opium. Among these are oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone, oxymorphone, codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, and heroin.
When any of those drugs bind to the mu opioid receptor, it reduces the excitability of the neurons through inhibiting GABA. In addition to decreasing pain, this also causes more dopamine to be released.
Opioid addiction:
Opioid addiction (heroin or other opioids) is thought to be partially due to genetic vulnerability. Twin studies show 40 – 60% heritability. [ref] Obviously, genetics isn’t the whole picture here, but it is something to take into consideration.
The studies on opioid addiction show varied results for the genetic variants associated with it. This underlines the fact that there are probably several different genes involved as well as the many complex variables and environmental factors.
Naloxone, or Narcan, binds to the mu opioid receptor and blocks it. This stops the action of opioids, and Narcan is used for opioid overdose.
A recent study in the journal Pain Physician found that patients with both dysfunctional CYP2D6 variants and OPRM1 variants were at the highest risk for opioid addiction (estimated to be 14% of people). Patients with ‘subnormal’ or somewhat impaired variants of CYP2D6 or OPRM1 were considered to be at a medium risk (~48% of people). The rest, with functional CYP2D6 and OPRM1 variants, were considered at low risk. (~38% of the population). The study based OPRM1 functionality on the rs1799971 variant listed below. You can check your CYP2D6 variants here.
OPRM1 (opioid receptor, mu 1) Genetic Variants:
The variant known in studies as A118G has reduced signaling efficiency and reduced expression of the receptor. [ref] This is a very well studied genetic variant, with hundreds of studies on it over the last two decades.
Here are some of the recent studies on the A118G (rs1799971- G) variant:
• Increased pain or fear of pain.[ref]
• Decreased postoperative vomiting (less than half the risk)[ref]
• On average, a higher opioid dose needed for pain[ref][ref]
• Less likely to have a response to placebo for pain.[ref]
• The studies on alcohol-dependence risk give varied results.[ref] But naltrexone more successful for alcoholism in G-allele carreirs[ref]
• Meta-analysis shows an increased risk of opioid dependence.[ref] Some studies show a large increase in risk, but others show little to no statistical increase in risk.
• After long-term treatment (methadone), those with the G-allele are less likely to
Check your genetic data for rs1799971 (23andMe v4, v5; AncestryDNA)
• A/A: Normal
• A/G: reduced opioid receptors
• G/G: reduced opioid receptors, more pain, decreased response to opioids
While the A118G variant is the most well-studied mu-opioid receptor variant, there are many other variants that may also affect the function. Here are a few:
Check your genetic data for rs10485057 (23andMe v4 only)
• A/A: normal
• A/G: increased risk for alcohol consumption
• G/G: increased risk for alcohol consumption[ref]
Check your 23andMe results for rs2281617 (v4, v5)
• C/C: (normal) euphoria with amphetamines
• C/T: less euphoria with stimulant drugs, lower body fat
• T/T: less euphoria with stimulant drugs (amphetamine) [ref], lower body fat and lower fat intake[ref]
Check your genetic data for rs510769 (23andMe v5; AncestryDNA):
• T/T: less euphoria, less energy with 10mg amphetamines, higher euphoria, energy with 20 mg
• C/T: euphoria and energy with amphetamines
• C/C: (normal) euphoria, energy with amphetamines[ref]
Lifehacks
The study from the journal Pain Physician is eye-opening in that it estimates that only 38% of us are not at an increased risk of opioid dependence.
While the research is not entirely conclusive, I think that it is strong enough to promote caution in people who are OPRM1 variant carriers when faced with a choice of an opiate-based vs. non-opiate based pain medication — especially if coupled with CYP2D6 variants.
Researchers and doctors can argue the nuances of when to recommend what, but I think that patients should also be involved in making an informed decision. Understanding your genetic variants is the first step in figuring out what is right for you.
I hope that this article also drives home the point that some people quite literally have a lower pain tolerance than others. And some people are more susceptible to opioid dependence than others. Instead of judgment, we need to work towards finding solutions.
Other than narcotics that originate from the poppy, there are few other mu opioid receptor agonist. One is kratom, which is still legal in the US (I think) but may soon be a schedule I substance. Kratom is a plant that is native to Southeast Asia, and consuming the leaves gives a stimulant effect at lower levels and opioid-like effect at higher levels through binding to the mu opioid receptor.[ref][ref]
Poppy seeds do contain a trace amount of morphine, and newer drug testing standards have been raised so that consuming poppy seeds doesn’t result in a positive drug test.
More to learn:
Author Information: Debbie Moon
Debbie Moon is the founder of Genetic Lifehacks. She holds a Master of Science in Biological Sciences from Clemson University. Debbie is a science communicator who is passionate about explaining evidence-based health information. Her goal with Genetic Lifehacks is to bridge the gap between scientific research and the lay person's ability to utilize that information. To contact Debbie, visit the contact page.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Gerald Ford/Archive 2
Canada in G7
This section of text is referenced (#57), but the whole section has been lifted word for word from the CBC website. If the entire section is being copied and not merely cited it should probably be in quotes.
Combined ages?
Is there really any value in listing such obscure stats as the combined post-presidential longevity of presidents and their wives? For was the oldest ex-president in US history, and that probably warrants mention, but there is really no point in belaboring such obscure and contrived data. This is a biographical entry in an Encyclopedia, not a reference page for trivial pursuits.
Change title "Postmortem Arrangements"?
I'm pretty new to Wikipedia, but I was reading the article about the late President Ford, and noticed that the newly added section regarding his death had a section titled "Postmorten Arrangements". I think this should be changed to something less... technical sounding. Perhaps "Funeral Arrangements" or the like would be more appropriate. Just a suggestion to make the atricle a little smoother. Thanx & cheers! <IP_ADDRESS> 23:21, 27 December 2006 (UTC)Dysan
* I concur. "Postmortem" is really a medical term. Latin, for "after death." "Funeral Arrangements" is the commonly used term that is used profesionally by morticians. T.E. Goodwin 00:58, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
death date
change the death date template in the sidebar so that he was not born at age 93 and died at age 0
* Should be fixed now.--BC 06:43, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Death date
Please note that the date given in the first line (Dec. 26) and and at the end of the introduction (Dec. 27) are not consistent.
* fixed. --BC 06:53, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Gifted with uniting both parties?
Greta Van Susteren today quoted Gerald was a genius at how he united the Senate and House of Reps in Vietnam War period and American-Soviet space race and helped Jimmy Carter getting the Nobel price. I was unsuccessful at recording that message. RV
Death and Date of Upcoming 100th Birthday
Gerald Ford has died at age 93. It is a sad day. By the way, if Ford lives until 2013, he will be the first former President to turn 100 years old. Why isn't this mentioned in his article? <IP_ADDRESS> 05:38, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* ...And if Ford lived to 2018, he would have been the first to turn 105... and if he lived to 2023, he would have been the first to turn 110. You could include "what if's" in every living presidental artical if you wanted to I suppose—but you gotta draw the line somewhere. I wouldnt object to the "if he lived to 100" bit, but I'm not sure how appropraite it would have been simply because of how unrealistic it was. <IP_ADDRESS> 06:02, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Also, he's dead. Hard to live to 100 when you're dead. -- Charlene 06:01, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I agree, what sense did that original post even make? How could he live until 2013 when you just said he died? ReddShadoe 21:02, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Day of Death & where?
I have updated the date of his death. Originally it was posted as Dec 26, 2006, but indeed the correct date is Dec 27, 2006. The following article is listed as "2 minutes ago". Local time is 12:46 AM EST. The article states that the location of his death has not been disclosed. Is it safe to assume, however, that since Washington, DC is in the Eastern Time Zone and until further information is revealed as to the location of his death, then his death was indeed on Dec 27 and not 26. For more information as the proper date of his death check here: http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061227/ap_on_re_us/obit_ford Bstone 05:43, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Additionally, I am seeing the location of his death as "Rancho Mirage, California" however the AP news article clearly states that the location of his death, at present, is unknown. Is there any verification available? Bstone 05:54, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* The first announcements were at 11:49 PM EST on the 26th, so he definitely died on the 26th. The article you're looking at that says "2 minutes ago" refers to the time that specific story ran, not to his death. Per the AP his place of death has not yet been confirmed. -- Charlene 05:58, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think it very poor form to base a time of death on the last-updated time of a news article on a website. If the article is revised next Thursday, for example, his date of death should not be revised to next Thursday. Indeed, the statement from Betty Ford was issued at 11:49 PM EST and while not yet confirmed, he was known to the in the United States at the time of his death which places the time NO LATER THAN 11:49 PM. Of course, one can easily assume that since the Betty Ford statement was released from Rancho Mirage, California, that the time of death would be 8:49 PM PST or earlier. So while we need to await the official confirmation of place and exact time, the December 26th date needs to remain. CBessert 06:05, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Agreed. I think the confusion came because Yahoo, Reuters, AP, etc. often say at the top of their articles something like "2 minutes earlier", which might lead people to believe that the event occurred two minutes ago, not the filing of the story. Betty said outright that her husband died on the 26th (as stated in the AP obituary), so that date should be kept - it's reliably sourced. -- Charlene 06:08, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think you all got me there. I agree that until further information is revealed, the date of death should be Dec 26, not 27. However, it is surely not poor form to base someone's death date on published news articles by reputable news agencies. HOWEVER (I know, I already used this word), the article which I cited above clearly states, "The statement did not say where or when Ford died or list a cause of death." This may lead one to come to the conclusion that he died two weeks ago. Perhaps until more information is revealed, we put a ? at his death date? Bstone 06:10, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think you've completely missed the point. We ARE basing the date of someone's death on reports from reputable news agencies. (Indeed, from the link you posted above, it clearly states, "Gerald R. Ford [...] has died, his wife, Betty, said Tuesday. He was 93." Note the word TUESDAY. Further it states, "...Mrs. Ford said in a brief statement issued from her husband's office in Rancho Mirage." So, Betty released a statement on TUESDAY from Rancho Mirage, California, according to this reputable news agency.) We were decrying the use of the last-updated time on the article as the basis of the date of death. That article will likely be updated a few times during the day today, so his time of death would need to keep moving if we based it on the time the article about the death was written. CBessert 06:15, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* CBessert, you are completely missing my point. While the article which was cited was published Tueday, December 26, 2006 the article itself says that there was no date of death given or where the late President died. As a result, it is completely impossible, with the given information, to have _complete certainty_ when President Ford actually died (and where). It is entirely tenable that, with the current lack of information, the late President died weeks ago and only now is this information being released to the public. Afterall, the very same article cites how the family was intensely private and often denied interviews to reporters. While unlikely, we must not rule this out. Thus, in the absence of more concrete evidence as to when the late President actually died (and where) it might be prudent for the editors of this wiki to add a "?" to the death date. Bstone 06:20, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* While I do understand your point, using you logic, we don't even know if he died in December based on that AP obituary. However, I am sitting in Grand Rapids, Michigan right now and all local news media are stating he died on Tuesday, December 26, 2006 and are NOT qualifying it in the manner that the AP is, stating that Betty Ford released the statement late Tuesday. Indeed, the website for the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library gives his dates of birth and death as, "July 14, 1913 - December 26, 2006." See http://www.ford.utexas.edu/ for confirmation. I hope this helps. 06:31, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* National television media (MSNBC, CNN, etc.) as well as local news media here in Grand Rapids, Michigan (e.g. WOOD-TV 8) have clearly stated that Ford died at 6:45 PM PST at his home in Rancho Mirage, California. I have yet to find an online citation for this, however, but it has been stated as "coming across on the wires" on local and national news media. I'll let someone else hunt down this tidbit online, though... CBessert 07:14, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Let's wait until we have an online version to link to until the time is stated in the article. I am still not convinced that Dec 26 is his death date, but I am willing to accept it for now. Bstone 07:18, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* One may wonder if you're calling Betty Ford a liar, then? But it's moot as the AP is now stating what I said above: "He died at 6:45 p.m. Tuesday at his home in Rancho Mirage, about 130 miles east of Los Angeles, his office said in a statement." See http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20061227/ap_on_re_us/obit_ford (again) for confirmation. Good enough? CBessert 07:25, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* That he died is not as issue. In Betty Ford's statement she did not say where or when he died, however, only that he did. In no way did I insinuate that she lied or is lying. Rather, I was being _entirely true_ to exactly what she say- that Pres Ford had died, but not staying where, when or how. Agreed, moot now.Bstone 07:45, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Everyone knows he was eaten by wolves. After overdosing on crack cocaine. These are facts, people, they aren't up for debate. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 05:40, 28 December 2006 (UTC).
Cause of death?
I am seeing the article in the "Death" section stating a cause of death as "Gerald Ford died at the age of 93 on December 26, 2006 of a severely impacted bowel obstruction at his home in California." To the best of my knowledge there has been no revealed information as to the cause of death. As well, this claim is unsourced. As such I shall remove it until sourced information arrives. Bstone 06:53, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Just as I was going to make these changes, someone beat me to it. Wow. I have, however, removed the time and location which was relayed as his death as the cited article contained no time nor location as to his death. Indeed, the cited article stated no location was known. Bstone 06:55, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think he died of natural causes. I mean, what do you expect at 93? He outlived James Brown. Fighting for Justice 07:07, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* See my notes above regarding the 6:45 PM PST time of death at Rancho Mirage, California... CBessert 07:14, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* The above citation from the AP states: "He died at 6:45 p.m. Tuesday at his home in Rancho Mirage, about 130 miles east of Los Angeles, his office said in a statement. No cause of death was released. Funeral arrangements were to be announced Wednesday." I agree with Bstone that no cause of death should be included in the article until one is released. CBessert 07:27, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* OK I am sold. Bstone 07:44, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Wikipedia has referenced his cause of death as heart failure. T.E. Goodwin 09:09, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I don't see this cause of death referenced in the article. Where is it at? Everything that I have read and heard have not disclosed this information. --Pinkkeith 15:02, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Check Wikipedia "Deaths in 2006." There are several references to his cause of death as being heart failure. In my opinion, the most notable are from CNN and The Washington Post. President Ford had a history of cardiovascular disease and as a result he underwent surgical implantation of a pacemaker to regulate his heartbeat last August 21st. T.E. Goodwin 00:23, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
Ex-Pres's
Any comments from Carter, Bush the Elder or Clinton yet? PMA 07:31, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Added Bill & Hillary Clinton's joint statement Xcvzxcvzxcvxcvzxcv 15:29, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
I made Death a section stub.
Since the section consists mostly of commentary from others about his death, I believe the section is a stub, so I made it so. — Äþelwulf See my contributions. 07:41, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Death cite
Do we really need to cite his death date - we don't do it elsewhere on the 'pedia. PMA 07:44, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Stephen Colbert
This may or may not be a relevant source, though he did invent a new word, but Stephen Colbert, not too long ago on his show, said that Ronald Reagan is the longest living US President not Ford. He justifies this by saying that Ronald Reagan is the longest "elected" president and Ford is the longest living "appointed" president. I have to agree with this statement. I don't have sources for the episode of Stephen Colbert. Mattalexchav 07:50, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I agree with you. He is the longest living appointed president.. in fact the only appointed president. It should be stated as, "Gerald Ford is the longest-living appointed president. In comparison, Ronald Reagan was the longest-living elected president."
* I hope you understand the bit you refer to was a joke to get a laugh on his show. I saw the show in question and Colbert likes to let on that he is a great fan of Reagan, although astute viewers can see the underlying humor. While the statement that Reagan was the longest living "elected" president would technically be true, one could come up with countless similar statements. Ford, for example, was the longest living president from Michigan. He was also the longest living president named Ford. And the longest living president having graduated from the University of Michigan. Too, he was the longest living president having been regularly portrayed by Chevy Chase on Saturday Night Live... CBessert 08:17, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
That's actually a pretty valid point. Just like many point out kennedy is the youngest elected president ever. Reagan still remains the longest lived elected president. Duhon 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Actually, it's an awfully irrelevant point. One could make scholarly and equally irrelevant comments about Kennedy (tight race) and GWB (before 2004) on the basis of popular vote etc. He was President, and the Constitution, other than making provision under the 25th Amendment to provide for the case, does not distinguish between someone facing election or not.
* Appointed or not, he was still President.Sumoeagle179 14:13, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
First, I understand that "The Colbert Report" is a satirical show on Comedy Central. It is a good point that he makes and whether he in a supporter of Reagan or not, the fact remains that Gerald Ford was the only appointed president in our history and Ronald Reagan was the oldest elected president. Why is the news making such a fuss over him being the only appointed president and I get bombarded with people saying that it doesn't matter? Obviously, it does. Maybe you should mention that he "was the longest living president from Michigan. He was also the longest living president named Ford. And the longest living president ahving graduated from the University of Michigan. Too, he was the longest living president having been regularly portrayed by Chevy Chase on Saturday Night Live (CBessert 08:17, 27 December 2006 (UTC))." Mattalexchav 06:45, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Trivia
There have been 42 presidents, not 41. Pablothegreat85 08:01, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
"Ford is the only person in American History never to be elected to the position of President or Vice President " - Surely not?? There must have been literally millions!
* True. He was never elected.. just appointed because of Watergate and Spiro Agnew.<IP_ADDRESS> 16:22, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Yes, but he was not the only person never elected to office. He was the only President never elected, but not the only person never elected. Millions (most) of Americans have never been elected to office.
Would it possible to add, in the apprprate section, that Ford was the only President to be a National Park Service Park Ranger? He served a summer or two in Yellowstone National Park. The staff at the White House Visitor Center have a signed photo of him in uniform. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk • contribs)
* Why is this important or significant? Brian23 19:22, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Ford & Truman: I see the trivia section has been deleted. Anyway, has anyone noticed former President Gerald Ford died on the 34th anniversary of the death of former President Harry Truman ? GoodDay 21:42, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford
Should a new article be started for Gerald Ford's death and funeral date today?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan Reagan had one, but Wikipedia was not around back then, so should one be done before the funeral or after?
ChaseS08 08:49, 27 December 2006 (UTC)ChaseS08
* I propose that the wikipedia community write a one act play about the Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford <IP_ADDRESS> 09:16, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Wikipedia wasn't around in 2004? GoodDay 22:34, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Unlock the page!
Before the page was locked I edited it to say:
'''In his later years new documents emerged that suggested that Ford had played a vital role in the cover-up of the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The original first draft of the Warren Commission Report stated that a bullet had entered Kennedy's "back at a point slightly above the shoulder and to the right of the spine." Ford realized that this provided a serious problem for the single bullet theory. As Michael L. Kurtz has pointed out (The JFK Assassination Debates, 2006, page 85): "If a bullet fired from the sixth-floor window of the Depository building nearly sixty feet higher than the limousine entered the president's back, with the president sitting in an upright position, it could hardly have exited from his throat at a point just above the Adam's apple, then abruptly change course and drive downward into Governor Connally's back."
'''In 1997 the Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) released a document that revealed that Ford had altered the first draft of the report to read: "A bullet had entered the base of the back of his neck slightly to the right of the spine." Ford had elevated the location of the wound from its true location in the back to the neck to support the single bullet theory."'''
I also added a link to my page on Ford that explains how Gerald Ford provided J. Edgar Hoover with information about the activities of staff members of the commission. Hoover ordered that Norman Redlich's past should be investigated. Ford was also being blackmailed by both Hoover and Johnson (see for example page 209 of Bobby Baker's Wheeling and Dealing: Confessions of a Capitol Hill Operator, 1978)
I also included details of how he established the Rockefeller Commission in an attempt to cover-up the illegal activities of the CIA.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAfordG.htm
I recorded this editing at two forums:
http://wikipediareview.com/index.php?showtopic=5692
http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=8861
These were almost immediately removed from the page. How can this be justified? Is Wikipedia only interested in promoting a positive image of past presidents. If so, it will cease to be a reliable source of information in other countries already concerned by Wikipedia's attempts to control the way the world sees past events. (John Simkin)
* Added to the page. At least the first part. Dr Debug (Talk) 15:25, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Vandalism is everywhere here with or without a site being locked. Unlock the page! This is a current event!<IP_ADDRESS>
* Tell it to the people who keep trying to (and did on one occasion) add Tubgirl to the page. -- Charlene 09:25, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* One way around the lock issue it to register and become a wikipedia editor with some history behind you. Perhaps not ideal but it is a method in getting around the lock issue. Bstone 12:42, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* To say that there was a cover-up in the Warren Commission in this aspect is too harsh. Despite the criticism levelled against it in all aspects the contention that Oswald acted alone is still sound. Although Ford may have altered the text to support the single bullet theory, new studies have shown that even if the text was not altered the theory is not only plausible, but stands very well. 16:31, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Trivia tweak
This is a very minor point, but in the trivia section of the article, there is a statement that Gerald Ford was the only president never to be Time magazine's Man of the Year while in office since Herbert Hoover. This statement is almost true, and can be made true by saying that he was the only president or president-elect not to be Time's Man of the Year. Jimmy Carter was man of the year prior to his inauguration.
Perhaps ironically, Betty Ford is so far the only First Lady to be Time's Woman of the Year, sharing the cover with 11 other women in 1975.
--User:PWB 27 December 2006(UTC)
Chevy Chase caused his defeat in 1976--hearsay!
This sentence needs to be rewritten: "As Chase commented, 'He even mentioned in his own autobiography it had an effect over a period of time that affected the election to some degree.'" We don't care what Chase said Ford said, if we can go directly to what Ford said in his autobiography and quote that instead—does anyone have it? Postdlf 15:07, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
"no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe"
Did Ford ever offer an explanation of why he said this in the '76 presidential debate, or what he meant to say? It's difficult to fathom that he could have been that ignorant of Cold War foreign affairs. Postdlf 15:12, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* He was that ignorant. Tonganoxie Jim <IP_ADDRESS> 10:19, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
SNL/Brokaw
Umm, it was Chris Parnell and NOT Dana Carvey. I would change it, but I don't want to futz with a page under heavy readership right now. Atrivedi
* You also don't want to change it because you're wrong. http://www.danacarvey.net/images/brokaw.jpg I'm not quite sure how else we should spell this out for you. VelvetKevorkian 17:18, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Mea Culpa. Could have sworn it was Parnell. My mistake. Maybe you could have spelled it out by being less...jerky(?)...about it? I screwed up. I'm sorry. Should I slash my wrists over it? Atrivedi
* Right, because you didn't go about it like a jerk at all. VelvetKevorkian 18:47, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Yeah, you're right. Reading back over that, I'm rather sarcastic sounding, so sorry about that. Peace? Atrivedi
When Was News Released?
At what time did the announcement of Ford's death make the news services such as the Associated Press? Did the news make many of the newspapers in the eastern United States? DasKapital 15:51, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* It wasn't on the morning's print edition of the New York Times. Postdlf 15:53, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Masonic ties
No mention in the bio at all about Ford being a Free Mason?
He was a member of Malta Lodge and that eventually became Grand Rapids lodge No34. --thegrimmling
it was Carvey
check out this link:
http://www.danacarvey.net/carpics.html and this link too http://snl.jt.org/imp.php?i=2283
Carvey did the Brokaw bit with Ford, Chris Parnell was not a cast member till 1998, 2 years after this Brokaw pretapes skit aired.
Scat picture.
Lovely. I can't find it to take it out of the article, hopefully someone else can. As much as I hate to admit it, it IS pretty funny. VelvetKevorkian 17:02, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* It has been removed Brian25 17:09, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* And it was not funny. Carpet9 17:11, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Highly agreed. --Don Sowell 17:54, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I didn't mean "funny" in the "disrespectful to President Ford" sense. I hope nobody misunderstood me as far as that goes. If that were the case, I wouldn't have requested for it be removed. I only thought it was funny that everyone who came here today was most unexpectedly treated to that lovely image. VelvetKevorkian 18:49, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
HELP VANDALISM
Cannot delete sickening vandalism on Ford page. Please help how to figure this out!Mowens35 17:04, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Removed <IP_ADDRESS> 17:06, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
It was an image added to Template:Quote box. I reverted the change, deleted the image, blocked the user indefinitely, and protected the template. Postdlf 17:11, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Thanks. Carpet9 17:12, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* So, was it this guy? User:RickBowman? Shouldn't his talk page have a vandalism warning or something? --Rajah 17:17, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Yes, it was him.
* Yes, it was that guy. A "warning" would have been pointless; he knew exactly what he was doing ("please stop hiding scat shock images in template code linked to from main page articles"). He's likely done it before under other usernames, as there have been other incidents of this specific kind of vandalism recently. Postdlf 17:21, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
"Impacted bowel obstruction"
I'm taking this out. I was able to find only ONE article out of 2,895 on Google News stating this as the cause of death, and it's not the one cited in the article for that fact, and it was added by a user who has about 10 edits. Fishy, fishy. N (t/c) 17:28, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Actually, I think the news article got its information from that vandal's edit. Ooooops. This is why I think this article needs to be protected. (the offending diff) N (t/c) 17:42, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* He died of heart failureBrian23 13:22, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Vandal protected
I placed a temporary vandal protection on the article due to the recent rash of vandalism done to the article. Brian25 17:32, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Thanks for your concern, but only administrators have the ability to protect pages. --Fsotrain09 17:35, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I've now semi-protected it. N (t/c) 17:38, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I support the move. What is "I'm joking kiddies, I'm alive!" but vandalism? The protection must be continued as long as long as the article is on main page.--Vikas Kumar Ojha Talk to me! 17:39, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Sorry, only trying to help! Thanks for improving the protection. Brian25 17:43, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Hyphen
I have a question about hyphen usage in this article. It's very inconsistent. In the lead paragraph alone there are both "Vice President" and "vice-presidency." The Vice President of the United States article seems to consistently use the space, no hyphen. The general article on Vice president seems to use the space with a lot more frequently than with the hyphen. So what should it be? It seems the space seems to be the more common way to use it based on those other articles. So should this article gain the same consistency? Metros232 18:04, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* A further look at shows that both are valid. We should follow what is on the Vice President of the United States article IMHO Brian25 18:13, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Presidential Coin?
A look at link #74 in the article does not have President Ford's name on it for 2016. In fact, his coin has not been scheduled. Are we to safely assume that it will be in 2016? I believe this statement should be removed from the Funeral section and the link #74 removed until we know for sure. Brian25 18:37, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Link: 18:35, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
Trivia section removal
Removed unsourced and unencyclopedic trivia section...these items can be sourced and put into the article. Trivia sections are for underdeveloped articles not for ex-presidents Jasper23 19:05, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think you mean, trivia sections are not for well-developed articles on ex-presidents. That said, I agree with the removal of the miscellania below. Cheers --Vranak 01:16, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Ford, Clinton, and Franklin D. Roosevelt are the only U.S. presidents who did not have full siblings (no president has been a true only child).
* A sometime fashion model in his youth, Ford appeared in a winter sports fashion shoot, with his then girlfriend, model Phyllis Brown, in the March 1940 issue of Look. He and Brown also posed for the illustration that was used on the cover of the April 1942 issue of Cosmopolitan.
* After leaving office, Ford did a television public service announcement for the Boy Scouts of America. The advertisement featured a long list of former Boy Scout celebrities, athletes, etc., each stating that when your son joins Scouting there was no guarantee that he would grow up to be a movie star, major league player, astronaut, etc.. At the closing, Ford's appearance intentionally surpasses all the others as he says, When your son joins the Boy Scouts, there's no guarantee that he'll grow up to be President..., but you never know. In 1995, the West Michigan Shores Council was renamed in honor of the former President.
* Ford was also featured in a TV public service announcement promoting adoption. It featured childhood, and then adult, pictures of several adopted children who became famous (although Ford was never technically adopted).
* Ford is the only U.S. President since Herbert Hoover not to be named Time Magazine's Person of the Year during his term.
* Ford was caricatured in The Simpsons episode "Two Bad Neighbors," having moved in across the street from the family after George H.W. Bush left in disgust. He gets along famously with Homer, inviting him over to watch football, while the two drink beer and snack on nachos. The two trip simultaneously on the way to Ford's new home, with both muttering "D'oh!" at the same moment, showing both to be accident prone.
* As president when Saturday Night Live first aired (October, 1975), Ford was the first standing president to be lampooned by the show. Chevy Chase portrayed him as genial, but confused and accident prone.
* On October 26, 1996, Saturday Night Live aired a sketch in which Dana Carvey - portraying news anchor Tom Brokaw - recorded several pre-taped news segments predicting Ford's death in increasingly improbable manners (including "eaten by wolves") in the event that he should die ("at the age of 83") while Brokaw was on sabbatical. Ford died at the age of 93, 10 years and two months after the sketch aired.Clip via Google Video.
* Ford died on the 34th anniversary of the death of another U.S. President, Harry S. Truman.
what is with the semi protection???
Rrrrrr333 20:40, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Anon-users have been vandalizing this page (more so, since Ford's death). There's no way to divide the semi-block, preventing only guilty users from editing. Suggest you become a registered user, then in future a semi-block won't effect you. GoodDay 22:49, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* And what is wrong with a trivia section? I did not know most of these things until I read them. Fuzzywolfenburger 00:16, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* First of all it is all unsourced. Second, trivia sections are for underdeveloped articles and should eventually be removed. These trivia items should be sourced and then placed in the article. Look up the wikipedia policy. Cheers. Jasper23 04:15, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
There is no discussion of Ford's Vetoes...
President Ford vetoed 66 bills during his short two and a half years in the presidency. By contrast, President George W. Bush has yet to veto any legislation in nearly 6 years in office.
Included amongst President Ford's 66 vetoes, was the Freedom of Information Act ("FOIA"). President Ford vetoed the FOIA bill despite a great public desire for access to government information in the aftermath of Watergate. On October 17, 1974, President Ford vetoed H.R. 12471, the bill that would significantly strengthen the Freedom Of Information Act, calling it “unconstitutional and unworkable.” However, on November 20, the HOuse, and, on November 21, the Senate overrode President Ford’s veto. The amended FOIA, enacted over Ford's veto, now provides for judicial review of agency decisions, narrows some exemptions, restricts fees agencies can charge, and provided for a new statutory time limit for agencies to comply with a request. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:24, 27 December 2006 (UTC).
* President GWB has vetoed one bill... I'll leave it up to you to investigate further... Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 02:48, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Ford is also tied for second place in the "most-vetoes-overturned" category. I'm certainly open to a section on Ford's most noteworthy vetoes, as with any President. Anything more notable than the FOIA veto, or of comparative notability? Italiavivi 16:12, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
NAME Question
Typically, one drops "Jr" when one's father "Sr" dies. Did Ford do this? Was he sworn in as Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr?Mowens35 22:53, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
* Never mind, I just checked via the New York Times and elsewhere, including the Ford library/museum. He dropped the Jr well before becoming president, apparently because his stepfather, GRFord Sr, had died.Mowens35 22:57, 27 December 2006 (UTC)
name of this piece
I think it should be called "Gerald R. Ford." When sworn in, he used this name. This is a formal title. We should use this formal name. It would avoid confusion with the other Gerald Ford. If we wanted an informal title, we would call this piece "Gerry Ford." --johno95 01:13, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Talk to an admin and request a title change, if you like. If the change is made, when someone types in "Gerald Ford", it can be relocated to "Gerald R. Ford". Honestly though, the title is probably fine the way it is, since this Gerald Ford is without doubt the most well known. There isn't much confusion when someone says his name, and I can't imagine him being confused with someone else except on rare occasions. But, like I said, you can request a change and see what an admin says about this matter. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 02:22, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
umm, how do i talk to "an admin"? --johno95 13:10, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Links in the photo captions
I've added some interesting links within a majority of the photograph captions. You'd be suprised what you can find when researching on Wiki (or maybe not). Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 04:26, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Bob Woodward Interview
I made the following edit:, adding in the fact that he disagreed With Bush about invading Iraq. I think my edit was neutral. In any case, we'll need to guard against recentism by people who may want to include unnecessary details about the interview, etc. as this story unfolds. Gzkn 10:33, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Clarification/Re-Wording Needed in ‘Canada and the G7’
1. “Gerald Ford never visited Canada during the short time he was U.S. president” vs. “Ford visited Canada often.” Did he visit often after'' the short time he was U.S. president? Or do these two statements conflict?''
2. “Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau had an ally in Ford, who supported Canada’s inclusion in the G8 in the mid-1970s. He [''Who? Ford? D’Estaing?''] invited the heads of a group called the G5 for talks, then added non-member Italy. But he [''Who? Ford? Trudeau? D’Estaing? Who is the “he” in this sentence?''] was adamant that Canada be excluded.
“Then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau fought back [''Against whom? Ford? D’Estaing?''], and had some support from the leaders in Britain and Germany. ‘But Canada’s key friend was President Gerald Ford of the United States,’ Axworthy’s article said. Ford was ‘irate’ about Canada’s exclusion, and even considered refusing to attend. However, the president had a better plan. Just as France had invited Italy in 1975, he invited Canada to the 1976 summit in Puerto Rico.” ''This suggests it was d’Estaing who is the “he” in “He invited the heads of a group called the G5 for talks, then added non-member Italy. But he was adamant that Canada be excluded.” Yes?'' Felicity4711 11:30, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Merge this article back when...
This seperate article on Gerald Ford's death should be merged back into the main Gerald Ford article after the funeral and ceremonies are completed, and the news cycle on his death has concluded. But not until then. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 13:13, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Vice President's residence
I changed it from "Number One Observatory Circle" to:
United States Naval Observatory in Washington]], D.C.
The address means nothing to me. Those who live in the DC area say that his home is located at the above. The address is not generally used. --johno95 13:49, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
I have added back the specific address, since it talks about the VP residence. Now it looks cumbersome. HELP!!!! -- johno95 14:00, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
FYI I'm from WDC and believe me, we all know both One Observatory Circle and or the US Naval Observatory is the same thing. Also the White House website calls it by its address ... see the following site ... http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/life/vpresidence.html ... Mowens35 (having trouble logging on)<IP_ADDRESS> 19:34, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Longevity: longest-lived first couple
I am deleting the following. It is carrying statistics to an absurdity, and detracts from important stats:
Gerald and Betty Ford hold the record as the longest-lived First Couple at ages 93 and 88, respectively. The previous record (calculated using the combined ages of the two spouses) was held by Ronald and Nancy Reagan at ages 93 and 82, respectively, at the time of President Reagan's death on June 5, 2004, at which time Gerald and Betty Ford had already tied their record at ages 90 and 86 respectively. Prior to 2003, Harry and Bess Truman had held the record for more than 30 years — at the time of President Truman's death in 1972, they were aged 88 and 87, respectively. -- johno95 14:22, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* How is it absurd? Other than you simply stating that it is absurd, you don't support your claim that it is absurd. Frankly, it is important to note the ages of the couples for the sake of clarity and user knowledge. Come up with some reasons why it is not important before removing.<IP_ADDRESS> 17:10, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Longevity: Warren Commission
I am deleting this. it might go in the trivia section, but that was deleted. -- johno95 14:26, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
remaining Longevity section
perhaps someone could take the remaining two items, combine them, and stick them elsewhere. the are very similar, and are mentioned in part in the first paragraph! -- johno95 14:32, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* So? You have never heard of an introduction and discussion paragraph have you? They need to stay where they are.. regardless of whether it is mentioned in the introduction and longevity section.<IP_ADDRESS> 17:08, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Swine flu was an important American event during Ford
Also, it is relevant today for today's pub;ic helath response. Please enter a piece regrading Ford's public helath response to the false paqndemic.
Change of intro section
I have shortened the first paragraph and mentioned Nixon. I think how he became president, and not by what amendment, is important. -- johno95 14:57, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I have reverted your changes. Remember, this article was given featured status, and your extreme changes of the introduction are not warranted. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 15:21, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* You can't rewrite history! <IP_ADDRESS> 16:55, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Longevity section stats recovered
Veracious Rey reverted my deletions in the longevity section, but did not indicate that action here, but rather on my private talk page. He claims that I did not justify those deletions, and that those stats are important. What do you think of these two stats that I deleted?
Ford was the last surviving member of the Warren Commission [74]
I think it is important that he was on the commission. I think it is meaningless that he is the last surviving member. Does that affect anything?
Gerald and Betty Ford hold the record as the longest-lived First Couple at ages 93 and 88... (I am not going to bore you with the remainder of the paragraph. It is in the piece.)
How do you vote for this statistic? I don't think any of this is important. I can't add to that.
Anyone have anything to add either way? -- johno95 15:14, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Quite simply, you are removing areas based on your own opinions. A section, sentence, quote, etc., being "meaningless" or "boring" are not justifiable reasons for deletion. They are opinions, and in my mind incorrect. If you look at the history section of this article, proper editing involves changing info that has evolved over time, enhancing captions or quotes, or adding new info. Removing info is tricky, and should be discussed first. If there is overwhelming concensus to remove facts in the Longevity section, then go ahead. But wait for consensus first. Please read this quote from Wikipedia on editing:
With large proposed deletions or replacements, it may be best to suggest changes in a discussion, lest the original author be discouraged from posting again. One person's improvement is another's desecration, and nobody likes to see their work destroyed without prior notice. If you make deletions, you should try to explain why you delete their contributions in the article talk page. This could reduce the possibility of reverting wars and unnecessary arguments.''
So, whatever you do, try to preserve information. Reasons for removing bits of an article include:
* duplication or redundancy
* irrelevancy
* patent nonsense
* copyright violations
* inaccuracy (attempt to correct the misinformation or discuss the problems first before deletion)
Alternatives include:
* rephrasing
* correct the inaccuracy while keeping the content
* moving text within an article or to another article (existing or new)
* adding more of what you think is important to make an article more balanced
* requesting a citation by adding the fact tag
* Thanks. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 15:49, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* It's kinda hard to argue about a significant fact that the late President Gerald Ford was the last surviving member of the Warren Commission. For one, almost every news outlet has said it thus far at least twice. The Warren Commission was a big deal and to be the last surviving member is like being the last surviving member of the 9/11 Commission or some other body of government. As far as being longest-lived Presidential couple, well that is an important factoid. The onus is on YOU to prove why it is not important. To simply say it is not important is a matter of opinion.<IP_ADDRESS> 16:52, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Rey,
I appreciate you including those rules. They were quite informative. And if I had it to do again, I would not delete that stuff without a better reason. I guess I was inspired by Jasper23, who deleted the entire trivia section. And I was wrong.
However, in response to your writings...for such an important piece (as this one), we really don't need factoids in grocery list form. Like Jasper stated above, "Trivia sections are for underdeveloped articles not for ex-presidents."
I think the bit about the Warren Commission, or the Ford couple growing older than other presidential couples, is trivia. And yes, CNN gets into trivia.
So we disagree. (And I'm not sure why your opinion is worth more than mine.)
The other two stats can be worked into the text. -- johno95 17:20, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Thanks for the reply. Again, you are stating opinions on why the info should be removed. The burden of proof is on you to prove they are not important, as <IP_ADDRESS> stated. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 17:56, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
words Capitalized
Some words are capitalized, and they should not be. I will correct this. see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style -- johno95 15:44, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
deleted repetitive sentence
This is in longevity section. It practically duplicates sentence in intro. I deleted it.
"On November 12, 2006, Ford officially became the longest-lived president, surpassing Ronald Reagan." -- johno95 16:53, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Do not delete whole sentences. As V Rey has warned you, the sentences you delete may add to the article. Just because it is stated in the introduction, does not make it redundant - it makes it complete. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Brian23 (talk • contribs) 17:17, 28 December 2006 (UTC).
I just read the text supplied by Rey. See first item. I am trying to follow the rules. I do not want to delete things when I shouldn't:
Reasons for removing bits of an article include:
* duplication or redundancy * irrelevancy * patent nonsense * copyright violations * inaccuracy (attempt to... -- johno95 17:29, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I don't believe it is redundant.. it is restated. To restate something is not to be redundant. There is a difference. Brian23 17:31, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Brain23 is correct, when adding info to an article, it is common to repeat info in the intro, body, and closing. This is a proper way of presenting information. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 17:32, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Well stated, both of you. But when you restate something, you don't need to use the exact same words. That is redundant.
* It looks like we all agree with wiki policy. Now we're getting into the realm of opinion...as to if something is repetitive or a restatement. -- johno95 18:23, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Please explain how two similar sentences are redundant. It is akin to an abstract and discussion section in a paper. Common practice is to state a summary first, then restate the facts in the discussion paragraphs. I don't see why we need to get into these semantics. Brian23 19:08, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I'm not sure we all agree or not, but if we do, then you should quit deleting sentences to be on the safe side, agreed? Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 18:30, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Brian, the intro and body would not be identical. The body would expand on the intro.
* and Rey, i have quit deleting a while back. i said i was mistaken. Brian, are you deleting?--johno95 19:13, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* No I am not deleting. I'm not asking for the body and intro to be identical. That WOULD be silly. I am talking about restating. Totally different topic. Here's the bottom line: You have agreed to stop deleting - great. Now you are resorting to pointing fingers which is silly. We aren't going to change it and that's that. Move on.Brian23 19:25, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
"last rites"?
President Ford was not a Roman Catholic, and I don't think his minister son is either. My understanding "last rites" is a Roman Catholic tradition, and I've never heard of a Protestant receiving them.Dr. Dale 17:34, 28 December 2006 (UTC)Dr. Dale
* I agree, this sentence sounded fishy to me when I read it. Why don't you research the matter and see what you come up with, then change the section accordingly. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 17:35, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I thought Gerald Ford was Episcopalian? Brian23 17:40, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* see this:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick
last rites is such a general term, not confined to Catholics. but i don't know about Ford -- johno95 17:43, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I'm not an expert on religion, but it looks like Episcopalians also get last rites.. in some form or fashion. It is unknown whether he actually received them, however.Brian23 17:48, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
"No local clergy were present, but one of Ford's sons is a minister and performed last rites." Should be deleted, until further information becomes available.
His son,(from wikipedia):
"Michael Gerald Ford (born 1950) is the oldest of four children of Gerald R. Ford and Betty Ford. He is a minister, and currently leads the Office of Student Development, which oversees all student organizations at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He is an alumnus of Wake Forest (BA, 1981) and Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (MDiv, 1984). He was the president of Sigma Chi while a student at WFU."
"Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (GCTS) is an interdenominational Christian evangelical theological seminary"
Highly unlikely an Evangelical would perform last rites.Dr. Dale 17:51, 28 December 2006 (UTC)Dr. Dale
* We need confirmation he provided last rites, not speculation. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 17:53, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I agree we need truth not speculation, but the paragraph itself is not well referenced. I'm adding a citation needed tag. None of the references in that paragraph talk about "last rites".Brian23 18:02, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* That works. Good call. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 18:13, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Nixon pardon
The article implies that a corrupt bargain DID exist, but the explanation makes no sense..Ford was presented with these options according to the article:
"(1) Nixon could pardon himself and resign, (2) Nixon could pardon his aides involved in Watergate and then resign, or (3) Nixon could agree to leave in return for an agreement that the new president would pardon him."
So, in all three options, Ford still becomes President, so why would he agree to anything? It implies something corrupt happened, but the explanation doesn't add up..
* I agree.. The reference is for an Editorial/Op-Ed piece so it could be non-factual (Non-internet link). I read it yesterday and thought it sounded a little odd. Someone needs to research this. Brian23 17:50, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Paid Speeches
Gerald Ford was the first modern President to do paid speeches and corporate boards after his time in office and cash in on the presidency in that way. Nixon didn't do it, LBJ didn't, JFK died, Truman didn't do it.
Should this be noted in the article? Commercializing the office?
* I'm not sure this factoid is encyclopedic. Bill Clinton plays a lot of Golf. Do we include that too? Brian23 18:08, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Yeah, getting paid to talk isn't a needed addition, unless of course a "did you know" section is created. But I doubt it... not very encyclopedic indeed. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 18:16, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Link http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1989/4/1989_4_22.shtml
The Adult Years category
In order for the categories and fonts to make sense and follow a pattern, this piece should have an "adult years" cat. -- johno95 19:25, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* If we were to follow that pattern, then it would not follow the pattern of other Presidential articles such as Ronald Reagan. These types of articles tend to follow a somewhat chronological pattern. Plus, we would then be seperating the article into two major categories: Pre-Adult and Adult. Gerald Ford can be much better categorized using the pattern we have now IMHO. Brian23 19:37, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* It's called section heading, not category. Also, is it really necessary? Some of the Early Years coincides with his "Adult years". This article got featured status, and apparently, this discrepancy wasn't brought up so I don't see why it should be changed now. Nish kid 64 19:40, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I'm trying to improve things. It looks stupid the way it is. But I understand that some people don't notice. --johno95 19:49, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Rey, did you reverse my "useless" edits? --johno95 19:55, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
from my talk page:
* "I've spent hours fixing the headings in the Gerald Ford article, and you go and undo all of them. If you do no stop making pointless edits based on your own whims, I'm going to have to report this to an admin, and request the article be temporarily blocked due to edit wars on your part. Please stop undoing other users hard work!! Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 19:46, 28 December 2006 (UTC)"
* Rey, please contact the admin. All my changes were correct, and certainly not pointless. It seems as though you think all yours are correct, and mine are based on a whim. So put my heading changes back the way i had them, and we'll let an admin decide.
it seems as though you think this is YOUR piece. every time you revert my changes, it's the same as deleting them. remember what you said about deleting?
and if you're going to threaten me, do it here. --johno95 20:08, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Many of your changes go against the Wikipedia standards for style. While I am sure all of your edits are in good faith, they have been reverted because of this conflict. M e eples ( talk )( email ) 20:11, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Johno95, there is no need for belligerence. He is following the wikipedia standards for style. The standards may or may not be what you are used to.Brian23 20:17, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Johno, I am an admin. I already told you to read WP:MoS and I said your edits were incorrect and did not go along with Wikipedia style guidelines. Watch your tone there, and if you continue, you will be blocked from editing. Nish kid 64 20:19, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* ok, i'll watch my tone.
* and i wish you would (in the future) identify yourself as an admin. on this page, i feel like people are asserting that i am wrong, without really convincing me of such. if i know that an admin is telling me something, i will feel that i am getting a more objective read on this ongoing dispute.
* did you make a ruling about assertions that i made unwarranted heading changes?
* thanks. --johno95 20:27, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Users do not have to identify themselves as anything. The manual of style guideline clearly states that headings should only have capitalised letters for the first word and nowhere else. I believe you have been directed to the appropriate page already, so I hope you'd read it. -- Majorly ( Talk ) 20:34, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Yes, users don't HAVE TO do anything. But I thought it would help me. --johno95 20:49, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* "did you make a ruling about assertions that i made unwarranted heading changes?" Huh? I don't understand what you're saying here. Can you rephrase/elaborate? Nish kid 64 20:34, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I wrote that, but meant to delete it. (It referred to person reverting my heading changes. But I realize now that many of the changes were improper.)--johno95 20:49, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* While I am not an administrator, again I direct you to the guide on style found here: WP:MoS. This guide clearly states how things are to be formatted, and that many of your formatting edits go against this guide. M e eples ( talk )( email ) 20:38, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Thanks, Meeples. I should have studied it before. --johno95 21:09, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
delete Warren Commission line
Here's the line:
"The Commission's conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone in killing the President remains controversial."
I think it's important to say that Ford was on this commission. But isn't this line editorializing, or being overexpansive? I think it's ok to go into the controversy surrounding Nixon, because it affected Ford. But what do you people think about deleting this line? Or changing it. But I don't see how you change it. -- johno95 19:46, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
I did not delete it.
* No, it should remain. Ford altered the first draft of the report to support his Single-Bullet theory. His affect on the report and the conclusion regarding Lee Harvey Oswald should be stated. Although, I believe it should be stated differently and not next to the same sentence. I'm not sure how to move the sentence around or re-word.Brian23 19:53, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Johno95
Attention all: please monitor this user's edits. He does not conform to Wikipedia guidelines, has been reverted numerous times, and I'm looking into having an admin intervine. Thanks. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 20:04, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* I think this has pretty much resolved itself. M e eples ( talk )( email ) 04:30, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
fred phelps
the frontpage of godhatesmaerica.com says fred phelps wants to picket ford's funeral. should we add that he plans to p[icket it or wait until he actually does to add information?--<IP_ADDRESS> 20:24, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Ford was probably subject to a lot of protests in his time, as any other president. I don't see the need to advertise anymore for the nut-case Fred Phelps. Brian23 20:29, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
* Who cares about Fred Phelps. If it's something that makes news headlines, then it's worth a mention in the article. Nish kid 64 20:41, 28 December 2006 (UTC)
Washington Post story
The Washington Post has a story that talks about Nixon and Ford's very close and personal relationship. Does anyone feel this merits inclusion in the article? --MZMcBride 05:05, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* For the purpose of pushing a point of view? Wahkeenah 05:30, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
It would hardly be pushing a point of view if it indicated or shed some if any light on the pardon of Nixon. A fact isn't necessarily a point of view. Mowens35 (trouble signing in)<IP_ADDRESS> 19:37, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* The article expresses some of the views that Ford held, delivered firsthand to the reporter of the above article, Bob Woodward. The fact that Ford and Nixon were such personal friends, to the extent that Ford described himself as Nixon only true friend, and the fact that the public wasn't made aware of this seems extremely relevant. For the past thirty years, Ford has repeatedly stated that the pardon was for the sole purpose of moving the country forward and past Watergate, however, it is now coming to light that their friendship was a factor (however little or big) in Ford's decision. I haven't the slightest clue how including information about Ford's views and his close relationship to Nixon would be pushing a point of view. --MZMcBride 21:46, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Intro sentence
The last sentence in the intro text currently reads "Ford came under intense criticism for granting a preemptive pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal, and was subsequently defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election."
I think this is badly worded for two reasons: (1) By fitting two ideas together in the same sentence, it implies the pardon has a lot to do with Ford's defeat. While this is possibly true, Wikipedia should not speculate something like this. (2) "Came under intense criticism" only concentrate on the negatives. "Controversial" is a more appropriate description for Ford's decision.
Earlier I changed it to read " In a controversial decision, Ford granted a pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. ... > ...Ford was narrowly defeated by Jimmy Carter in the 1976 presidential election. " But someone changed it back for some reason. If no one objects, I'd like it changed back. KeL 05:57, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* Well, I'll start off by saying that I have not participated in the changes made thus far. I would say that anyone who lived (or studied) the period would agree that there was a great deal of scrutiny placed on Ford's decision to pardon Nixon. There were lots of theories (pardon-for-resignation deals and the like) that are irrelevant to this article, however the scrutiny is. I also believe that we can probably find several acceptable secondary sources to cite that link Ford's defeat to his decision to pardon Nixon. I believe that, when properly sourced, the change is appropriate. /Blaxthos 07:09, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* Many of the TV news reports this past week mentioned Ford's pardon of Nixon as a factor in his 1976 defeat. Wahkeenah 08:13, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* That's not my point. It may very well be true, but this sentence is stringing together two unrelated ideas, in the introduction. I agree it's probably true, and I agree it should be analysed later in the article. But no one can ever say for sure what exactly led to Ford's loss, therefore it is not a fact. Only the facts belong in the intro. That sentence needs to be broken up so that the facts remain, but not the implication. These are two separate ideas. KeL 09:10, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* I agree with Kel. However, many historians agree that he lost his 1976 election due to the Nixon pardon. This is also in the article. It can be reworded to: "Ford came under intense criticism for granting a preemptive pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. Many historians agree that Ford's 1976 defeat was due, in part, to the pardoning of Former President Richard Nixon." I believe that fits the NPOV.Brian23 13:31, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* I also believe that Brian23's suggestion fits NPOV. I would also point out that the pardon is probably the most significant event of Ford's presidency, and absolutely worthy of mention in the intro. Furthermore, as evidenced by our unanimous agreement, the effect the pardon had on his 1976 campaign is likewise significant enough to mention. When a "subjective fact" is almost universally accepted as true I don't believe it is necessary to bury it deep within the article itself -- the only issue is proper sourcing (for which I believe we can find plenty). If there were even a significant minority of sources that claim the pardon had nothing to do with his defeat, then maybe it would be more debatable, but in this case I doubt we'll find one that disputes the causal relationship between the defeat and the pardon. /Blaxthos 14:19, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
This article has become over-long. I propose creating a new article "Presidency of Gerald Ford", since that is the longest section. PatGallacher 15:18, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* This article reached FA status. The previous editors and peer reviewers did not see a need for that and I do not either. It should stay the same. We should not fragment the life of Former President Ford.Brian23 15:23, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* Overlong or not, it is a full accounting of Ford's life. (Has anybody seen the present Pope's weighty article? Ford's looks like a synopsis in comparison.) I agree that the article should stay its length. An encyclopaedia article should be not condemned for being long and detailed. That's the point: detail. (Mowens35, can't sign on, dammit, thanks to satellite)<IP_ADDRESS> 19:31, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Deleted passage
I have deleted this passage from the article:
* According to Jim Marrs, investigator and researcher of the Kennedy assassination, and author of Crossfire: The Plot That Killed Kennedy (1989), at pp. 466-67, Ford was the FBI’s “spy” on the Warren Commission. Marrs based this conclusion, in part, on a memo from Cartha DeLoach, a close aide to FBI Director, J. Edgar Hoover, in which DeLoach reported on "a long talk" with Ford on Dec. 12, 1963.
* Former New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison, the only prosecutor to bring criminal charges related to the Kennedy assassination and the subject of director Oliver Stone’s movie, JFK, believed that Ford had the reputation as being "the CIA’s best friend in the House of Representatives.” According to Marrs: “Ford’s name as a member of the Warren Commission was recommended to President Johnson by Richard Nixon. . . . Ford became the Commission’s most industrious member, hearing seventy out of the ninety-four witnesses who actually met with commissioners. He also profited from his time on the Commission. Ford had his first campaign manager and former Nixon for President campaign field director John R. Stiles hired as his special assistant. Ford and Stiles went on to write 'Portait of the Assassin,' a book that presented selective evidence of Oswald’s guilt."
The previous passage on the debate on the Warren Commission's work and conclusions would be enough as far as this article is concerned. Personally speaking, I would not vouch for Marrs' or Garrison's credibility. While Marrs' Crossfire is a good book on the Kennedy Assassination, it is marred (no pun intended) by the fact that Marrs "seems never to have met a crackpot witness he didn't believe nor run across a conspiracy factoid he didn't accept". As for Garrison, even most conspiracy-oriented researchers consider him a crackpot who set back the field of JFK research by years. In short, the two citations given here should be taken with great deal of scepticism.
By the way, the film by Oliver Stone is based primarily from Crossfire and Garrison's On the Trail of the Assassins. While it is a great piece of film-making, it is reviled by most researchers by its inaccuracies — not helped by the fact that the person accused by Garrison and tried for conspiracy to assassinate Kennedy, Clay Shaw, was acquitted in less than hour due to lack of evidence. 19:49, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
"Law" section/parentheses
In the second paragraph in the "Law" section, there is a bit about how he worked as a model, in parentheses. The parentheses were not closed, and I fixed that, but I can't shake the feeling that this doesn't belong in parentheses. It doesn't really have to do with "Law" either, although chronologically this is where it fits in his life. Any opinions on parentheses? The style guide doesn't have anything to say about that subject. Xzqx 21:40, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* You're right. I removed it. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 21:57, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
Bisexual???
I had seen in the Marriage section of the article a mention that Ford had struggled with bisexual tendencies, but by the time I signed myself in, it had already been fixed. Keep up the good work!--Shuttlebug 23:25, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
* In my opinion it is important to be vigilant against subtle vandalism such as the sort that you mentioned. Expect them to do something else equally subtle.T.E. Goodwin 00:53, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
Archive
I've moved all the posts over the last three days to the second archive. As far as I could tell, there were no open discussions. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 05:26, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
* Actually I want to revive my discussion about the parentheses/model/law section. I wasn't saying the bit about him being a model should be completely removed -- I think it's very interesting. I just wasn't sure where it belonged. If you can think of a good place for it, please put it back in! Xzqx 15:21, 30 December 2006 (UTC)
* If you read policy on discussions, it's perfectly fine to revive converstations, which you have just by bringing it up. But, no one other than myself contributed to your post, which was made a few days before I archived the section. In my mind, the discussion was done. I agreed with you a changed should be made, I made it, and no one disagreed. The edit was minor anyway. Him being a model doesn't belong in the law section (or anywhere else probably). Pretty cut and dry. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 04:01, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
Woodward on the Nixon Pardon
Woodward has published new info on the pardon which reveals a much deeper friendship between Nixon and Ford than was previously understood, and additional motive for the pardon. In particular, things like the quote
* "Anytime you want me to do anything, under any circumstances, you give me a call, Mr. President," he told Nixon during that May 1, 1973, conversation. "We'll stand by you morning, noon and night."
* "I looked upon him as my personal friend. And I always treasured our relationship. And I had no hesitancy about granting the pardon, because I felt that we had this relationship and that I didn't want to see my real friend have the stigma," Ford said in the interview.
This merits inclusion in the article.--FNV 01:22, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
* I'd like to hear more concensus on this, but I'm okay with it. Just make sure you properly site your info and add a reference. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 04:03, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
* I concur that it merits inclusion. Krinsky 05:25, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
Burial photo
I removed your photo because of its extremely poor quality. If you have a better shot, try adding it on Ford's death and funeral article for now. Thanks. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 06:32, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
Review of caps
I am reviewing the capitalization of "president" and "vice president" at an editors suggestion, as I made many cap changes the other day. I may make some changes, per the wiki style manual, which I initially consulted. -- johno95 17:52, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
note: "presidential museum" is not a formal name, so is not capitalized. "Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum" would be capitalized. -- johno95 18:12, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
Childhood
Why was all the info about his abusive father removed? Ford talked about this openly, in his own memoirs, etc, and a proper citation was added re James M. Cannon, Ford's general counsel as per the source of the information about Leslie King Sr threatening his wife and baby son with a knife (Mowens35, having trouble signing in, thanks to satellite)<IP_ADDRESS> 19:08, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
* This is what was removed by a user named Eman1114; can someone please put it back? I can't access the article due to satellite malfunctions! Also can someone fix the redundant mention in childhood re his mother moving to Grand Rapids? The second mention of this in the second graph should be deleted. Thanks, Mowens35
* I just did that as well, Sir. Extremely sexy 20:14, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
* According to Associated Press reports, Leslie King, Sr. was abusive and had a drinking problem, and Ford later described his father as having frequently hit his mother. James M. Cannon, the executive director of the domestic council during the Ford administration, has written that the future president's father threatened Dorothy King with a butcher knife a few days after their son's birth and announced his intention to kill her, their son, and the baby's nursemaid.
* I'm not sure why this information was removed, since this set Ford on a very different path in life, even earning him a new name. Who knows how history in America would have been different if Ford's mother had complied to living with an abusive husband. As for the info in general, it is completely relevant and is correctly cited. So I put it back in the article. Veracious Rey talk ↔ contribs 19:43, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
Ford: National Park Ranger
Gerald Ford was a national park ranger in the summer of 1936 at Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Ford later recalled that time as, "One of the greatest summers of my life."
Source: http://home.nps.gov/applications/release/Detail.cfm?ID=717
Ford was the only US President to serve as a national park ranger. I think this should be included in the article.
ParkRangerX 23:00, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
* This should be included in the article, but I am not sure where. Since he was 23 at the time, I don't think it belongs in "Early life/Childhood". Based on the timeline in the article, it must have been after his bachelor's degree (1935) and before he started law school (graduated in 1941, normally a 3 year course). --rogerd 23:29, 31 December 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Why Shares of BiliBili Inc. Plunged Today
What happened
Shares of Chinese online entertainment platform BiliBili Inc. (NASDAQ: BILI) tumbled on Thursday despite no meaningful company-specific news. This may be a reaction to the stock increasing in value too quickly, with shares doubling between early May and mid-June. BiliBili stock was down about 12.7% at 11:30 a.m. EDT.
So what
Shares of BiliBili rose from around $10 per share in early May to more than $20 per share a few days ago. The company's first quarterly report as a publicly traded company in late May helped fuel the rally. The company is growing extremely fast, with revenue more than doubling in the first quarter on a year-over-year basis. That rapid growth no doubt got investors excited.
But BiliBili is also unprofitable. The company posted a GAAP net loss of about $18.5 million on $138.4 million of revenue during the first quarter. Adjusted losses were much smaller, but only because of a big increase in stock-based compensation.
At the stock's peak of roughly $21 per share, the company was valued just shy of $6 billion. That put the price-to-sales ratio over 10 at the current revenue run rate, a lofty valuation.
Now what
BiliBili is not the only Chinese internet stock to rocket higher over the past couple of months. Streaming company iQiyisaw its stock double in just 30 days, an even more impressive feat given its market capitalization of nearly $30 billion.
Be very cautious if you're considering investing in any of these high-flying Chinese internet stocks. Thursday's plunge may only be the beginning of a much larger correction.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Mythology of the Caucasus
Mythology of the Caucasus is the mythologies and folklore of the various peoples of the Caucasus region.
Examples include:
* North Caucasus:
* Nart saga
* Ossetian mythology
* Vainakh mythology, covers Chechen and Ingush mythology
* Southern Caucasus/Transcaucasia:
* Georgian mythology
* Armenian mythology
* Azerbaijani mythology
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WIKI
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Ratibida columnifera
Ratibida columnifera, commonly known as upright prairie coneflower, Mexican hat, and longhead prairie coneflower, is a perennial species of flowering plant in the genus Ratibida in the family Asteraceae. It is native to much of North America and inhabits prairies, plains, roadsides, and disturbed areas from southern Canada through most of the United States to northern Mexico.
Description
R. columnifera has medium green, hairy stems that branch occasionally, growing to 1-3 ft tall. Leaves are also hairy and are deeply pinnate with 5 to 11 lobes. They are alternate and measure up to 6 in long and 2 in across. The petioles are up to 2 in long.
The inflorescence at the top of the stem consists of 4 to 12 drooping, sterile ray florets that are yellow, brownish red, or brown with yellow borders, surrounding a central column that is up to 2 in long. The column is made up of numerous purplish disk florets, which open in bands starting at the base of the column and moving upwards. Flowers appear June to September.
It is similar to Ratibida tagetes, but the leaves of R. tagetes are closer to the flower, while the leaves of R. columnifera are farther below on the stem.
Distribution and habitat
R. columnifera is native in the United States from Idaho to the west and north, Texas to the south, and Massachusetts to the east. In Canada, it is native in Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The plant is also native in Northern Mexico. Habitats include sunny sites with well-drained soil, such as upland prairies, pastures, roadsides, and open disturbed areas.
Uses
The Zuni people use an infusion of the whole plant as an emetic.
Cultivation
Prairie coneflower is valued by gardeners for xeriscaping and native plant gardens for its color and rich fragrance. Grown in garden settings plants are often biennial, growing the first year and dying after blooming in the second year. The prairie coneflower requires dry to medium soil moisture and seldom has serious disease or pest problems. It is hardy in USDA zones 4–9.
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WIKI
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In the short term, the United States was satisfied with the agreement, as Perry had achieved its primary goal of breaking Japan`s sakoku policy and creating the reasons for the protection of American citizens and a possible trade agreement. On the other hand, the Japanese were forced into this trade and many saw it as a sign of weakness. The Tokugawa Shogunate could indicate that the treaty had not been signed by the Shogun, or even by one of its troops, and that it had, at least temporarily, ruled out the possibility of an immediate military confrontation. “The Americans came to Japan and sought access to ports and friendship. They got what they wanted through Kanagawa`s contract. The Japanese were reluctant and, in a way, dragged to the contract table. Subsequently, the contract proved very profitable for Japan. The Treaty of Kanagawa was the main culprit in Japan`s rapid transformation from an isolated and feudal empire to one of the most powerful and prosperous nations in the world. Perry returned on February 11, 1854 with an even greater force of eight warships and made it clear that he would not leave until a contract was signed. Perry continued his manipulation of the configuration by keeping away from lower officials, insinuating the use of force, measuring the port and refusing to meet in the negotiating venues provided for that purpose.
Negotiations began on March 8 and continued for about a month. Each game shared a performance when Perry arrived. The Americans had a technology demonstration, and the Japanese had a sumo wrestling show. While the Japanese people were passionate about the new technology, Perry was not impressed by the sumo wrestlers and found this performance senseless and degrading: “This abominable exhibition only ended when the twenty-five successive two-man displayed their immense strengths and wild qualities.” The Japanese side yielded to almost all of Perry`s demands, with the exception of a trade agreement modelled on previous U.S. treaties with China, which Perry later sought to postpone. The main controversy has focused on the choice of ports to open, perry Nagasaki being firmly opposed.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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