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Talk:Dye-sensitized solar cell
Link to a List of Dye Solar Cell manufacturers
Wikipedia is not a directory, so I cannot put the list directly in wikipedia. But working a lot with dye solar cell technology, I think the list is an important ressource and therefore an external link should be provided: BinFlo (talk) 09:43, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* List of Dye Solar Cell Manufacturers
* That list is compiled by "administrator" of the site www.dye-solar-cell.com. Adding such list would contradict basic wikipedia policies, such as WP:RS, WP:ELNO, and a few related ones. Materialscientist (talk) 09:52, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* I don't see why this list contradicts to WP:RS, WP:ELNO! The list has to be compiled by someone and can be updated on this page by everyone. I would like to have such a list here on wikipedia, but it was deleted as a directory! BinFlo (talk) 10:22, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* WP:RS here means that "someone" should be a reliable and trustworthy source of information; "administrator" is not such a source, and their site www.dye-solar-cell.com is a commercial site. Materialscientist (talk) 10:29, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* www.dye-solar-cell.com is not a commercial site.. It's a new page by a group of DSC researchers trying to build a platform for information on DSC: Too push this technology! - I think more reliable and trustworthy than most sources on wikipedia! Everyone who is interested can join this DSC community!BinFlo (talk) 10:41, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* Well, good luck, but please note that wikipedia should not be used as a vehicle for promoting your site or technology. See WP:SOAP and WP:NPOV. Materialscientist (talk) 10:53, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* It is actually not my site and definitely not my technology! I don't understand why some users act so restrictively against this informative link or an appropriate list on wikipedia.com! Prohibiting complements by citing WPs stands for no progress. I thought wikipedia is all about information and I hope other users see that point, too! BinFlo (talk) 11:35, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
* WP:ELNO point 14 says specifically that we are not interested in lists of links to manufacturers. - MrOllie (talk) 16:15, 20 January 2011 (UTC)
Introduction reads like an advertisement
It's also not really a good summary of the article, which is otherwise quite good. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:00, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
Business-side info
I had previously added a link to a global directory of manufacturers of equipment for dye cell production(http://www.enf.cn/database/equipment-film-dssc.html). The information was taken down by someone who hadn't actually reviewed the validity of the information but was deleting based on the fact that I posted up several links to ENF.
On the suggestion of one of person that removed the information, I am submitting suggested comments/links here in the hope that other editors will evaluate the relevance and resubmit it to the main page:
Dye Cell Production Equipment Directory of manufacturers who sell equipment for dye cell production.
Kit Temple 14:08, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
help - re "black dye"
I want to know where to obtain or how to produce black die. The chemical name given to the "black die" returns very few results on google, most of them useless or eventually referring right back to this article. If someone has the information I want, or can post a link to a site, or give a more commonly used name for the black dye, I would really appreciate it. The article itself would also benifit from some more links to the black dye, since the commercial applicability seems to hinge on that. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:43, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
* You should look up the Dysol web site, there's a link in the article. They make small kits with all the parts, including the dye, that you can use to make your own cells. The limited number of hits on "black dye" is a side-effect of it being used only to describe this particular dye, I don't believe it is commonly used outside this field. Maury (talk) 16:59, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
* Hi, I have your "black dye" right here: Black Dye. I do research on DSSC's, we've used this dye and others from that site. jayjaya29 (talk) 19:16, 16 July 2008 (UTC)
"from all solvent" to "solvent-free liquid redox electrolytes"
I changed "from all solvent" to "solvent-free liquid redox electrolytes"
Allthough the salts are solid, the mixture is not
As stated in the article (High-performance dye-sensitized solar cells based on solvent-free electrolytes produced from eutectic melts):
" Here, we introduce the concept of using eutectic melts to produce solvent-free liquid redox electrolytes. "
"We therefore reasoned that a mixture formed from the three solids EMII, DMII and AMII could provide a room-temperature ionic liquid with superior fluidity and ionic conductivity compared with the binary melt."
Duplicate effort?
Shouldn't most of the section about the previous technology be replaced with a pointer to the main solar cell article? It seems redundant here.
I'd make the change, but want to seek consensus before something that major. (Plus I'm temporarily anonymous until I recover my password, and don't want to make that big a change anonymously.)
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:42, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
* IMO, comparison with traditional solar cells is worth leaving in this article as an introduction. Adding links and simplifying the section is Ok. Materialscientist (talk) 01:01, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
Misleading comparisons
The comparisons to other solar technologies are potentially misleading, as the 11% efficiency of laboratory-scale DSSC champion cells is compared to the 12-15% efficiency of high-volume commercial-scale silicon cells. Similarly, while thin film silicon's efficiency -- again for commercial-scale devices -- is relatively low, laboratory-scale thin film cells based on CIGS and CdTe have achieved efficiencies in the mid-to-upper teens. I would consider CIGS and CdTe to be second-generation technologies, and would place DSSCs and organics in a third generation. (In which DSSCs are indeed the most efficient.) Making this note as a placeholder to do my own edits when I get time, though of course anyone who wants to jump in sooner is welcome. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 01:20, 7 October 2009 (UTC)
Second or Third gen?
"DSSCs are currently the most efficient second-generation [12] (2005 Basic Research Solar Energy Utilization 16) solar technology available" "The dye-sensitized solar cell is the only third generation technology ready for mass production.[citation needed] "
Also, i'm going to go out on a limb and claim that 2005 isn't 'current' anymore. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:45, 12 November 2009 (UTC)
Picture needs adjusting
The way I understand it, the picture shows 3I- gaing an electron to become I3- and vice versa. This is at odds with the text of the article which says 3I- is oxidised to I3- as well as chemistry common sense. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:00, 5 January 2010 (UTC)
* The closed circle between the I3- and 3I- indicates that there is a constant process whereby I3- loses electrons to become 3I- but at the same time other molecules of 3I- attach electrons to return to the original state of I3-.
However, I think there is another place in the picture that is wrong, namely, why does the line connecting the upper and the lower electrodes point downwards, as if electrons that reach the upper electrode go back transversing the elctrolyte and down to the lower electrode? They actually flow out of the cell and into the external circuit upon reaching the upper electrode. SO shouldn't that line point outwards from the upper electrode? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:17, 18 May 2010 (UTC)
Ms Toivola's dissertation
Minna Toivola released her dissertation in April 2010, on replacing the most expensive component (glass) with either steel or plastic. The tech's father himself, Michael Grätzel, was her opponent in the dissertation proceedings.
I added this here to wait until it becomes notable enough. It's readable here: http://lib.tkk.fi/Diss/2010/isbn9789526030708/ —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 18:20, 8 July 2010 (UTC)
Regarding the introduction on semiconductor solar cells
In my opinion a classical solar cell is not "made from two doped crystals" as stated in the article, but rather from a single crystal with differently doped domains. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:06, 25 September 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, I noticed that, too. Gah4 (talk) 06:27, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
price/performance ratio
I think the formula for price/performance ratio is wrong, isn't it simply dollar/kW? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:37, 15 October 2011 (UTC)
* You are correct. I removed the silly unit. Also I changed "high" enough to "good" enough, since logically you want the price/performance to be low! <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:05, 28 May 2012 (UTC)
What products have actually reached the market
There's lots of hype and promises/predictions - but what is actually available ? and what efficiencies and costs/kWp do they have ? - Rod57 (talk) 18:12, 11 March 2017 (UTC)
Dye sensitization
This is a fine article, but why is there no article on the dye sensitization process itself? Specifically, it is the process used for make silver halide films sensitive to other than blue light. I was trying to find where to link for dye sensitization, and found this, but it isn't really appropriate for non-solar-cell applications. Gah4 (talk) 06:30, 28 July 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Dye-sensitized solar cell. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20070928151255/http://www.solaronix.com/technology/assembly/ to http://www.solaronix.com/technology/assembly/
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Format of the initialization string does not conform to specification starting at index 51.
by bryian 27. June 2009 21:41
Format of the initialization string does not conform to specification starting at index 51.
I was running the code from http://www.aspsnippets.com/post/2009/01/31/Export-Data-To-Excel-using-ADONet.aspx
String strExcelConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;"+ "Data Source=C:\test\book1.xls;" + "Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes'";
OleDbConnection connExcel = new OleDbConnection(strExcelConn);
and get the following error.
Format of the initialization string does not conformto specification starting at index 51.
Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
Exception Details: System.ArgumentException: Format of the initialization string does not conform to specification starting at index 51.
Then I notice that the problem is from "C:\test\book1.xls;" because of the "\", so, in order to get rid of that error message, all we have to do is include "@" in the string. With that being said, the new syntax of the strExcelConn will become:
String strExcelConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;"+ @"Data Source=C:\test\book1.xls;" + "Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes'";
Tags: , ,
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U.S. Antimissile System in South Korea Is Said to Be Nearly Operational
HONG KONG — The antimissile system that the United States deployed in South Korea over China’s objections is close to becoming operational, giving the two allies the capability to defend against missile attacks by the North, the South’s Defense Ministry said on Thursday. The United States deployed the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, known as Thaad, in South Korea in early March, after the North fired four missiles into the Sea of Japan. Beijing has vigorously opposed the system, fearing it could give the American military the ability to quickly detect and track missiles launched in China. On Thursday, Moon Sang-gyun, a spokesman for South Korea’s Defense Ministry, said the system would soon go into “actual operation.” “The positioning of some equipment means that South Korea and the U.S. have the capability to cope with North Korea’s provocations,” he said, referring to the North’s growing missile capabilities. The comments by Mr. Moon followed remarks by Adm. Harry B. Harris Jr., commander of the United States Pacific Command, who told a congressional hearing in Washington on Wednesday that Thaad would become operational “in the coming days.” The United States deployed radar and other crucial components of Thaad in Seongju, 135 miles southeast of Seoul, this week. Alarmed by the development, China’s Ministry of National Defense said on Thursday that the antimissile system would undermine its own security, underlining Beijing’s persistent concerns about Thaad being placed into operation so close by. “The real goal of the United States and South Korea in deploying Thaad is as a move in the game of the United States’ global antimissile defense system,” Maj. Gen. Cai Jun, a senior officer in the Joint Staff Department of China’s Central Military Commission, said at a news briefing in Moscow on Thursday, the Chinese Ministry of Defense said online. “This will further tighten the Asia-Pacific antimissile barrier enclosing China and Russia, and will weaken their strategic capacities — something we adamantly oppose.” General Cai said that broader American antimissile plans “are in fact seeking an absolute unilateral military advantage, and this will exacerbate regional tensions, triggering localized antagonism and even an all-out arms race, and ultimately this will damage global and regional strategic stability.” Late Wednesday, a report emerged from North Korea about soaring gas prices and hoarding of fuel in the capital, Pyongyang. The Associated Press, which employs one of the few Western reporters based there, said that a kilogram of gas, which had cost 70 to 80 cents, was now selling for $1.40 at one station, and that the apparent shortage had led to rumors that China was behind the problem. The Trump administration has been encouraging Beijing to put economic pressure on North Korea to curtail its nuclear and missile tests, and the Chinese state news media recently hinted that the government would cut off fuel supplies if Pyongyang conducted its sixth atomic detonation.
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Are There That Many GUIDs?
• SanDroid (10/12/2010)
One little known fact about the GUID generation algorithm is the user's network card MAC address is used as a base for the last group of GUID digits so that data can be tracked back to the computer that created it.
That's true only of version 1 GUIDs, and even then only for computers that have at least 1 MAC address; none of versions 2,3,4,and 5 use MAC address for the node field, nor do the GUIDs used by RSS or by Atom (almost version 3 or 5 GUIDs but with the node field unhashed) nor COMB (version 4 with a generation fix to make them usable as cluster key, probably obsolete since the intoduction of NEWSEQUENTIALID which does it with version 1) and Microsoft's WINAPI generates version 4 GUIDs.
Shared MAC addresses are a problem for version 1 GUIDs, so virtualisation may in time consign them to history (except that the old COM and DCOM version 1 GUIDs will still be used after we stop generating new version 1 GUIDs, because those things are ulikely to go away while COM and DCOM are still with us).
Tom
• David Walker-278941 (10/12/2010)
As for the "are there that many" question, it's interesting to use an identifier that is essentially infinite.
Essentially infinite is way over the top. Maybe we will generate GUIDs at the rate of 1 billion per second (the standards guys have spent effort on making sure there are ways a single system that generates more than 1% of that will not have serious problems even using Version 1 GUIDS, and although the V1 structure is arranged so that a naive generator will be limited to 1% of that V4 has no such limit) so across the whole world maybe that's not an unreasonable number. At that rate, in just 100 years we would have a better than even chance of having at least one duplicate - and if we continue to use version 1 GUIDs the chances will be much higher than that (because some fields are less likely to have a lower portion of their possible values used than others and at least one bit is far more likely to be 0 than 1 when we use V1 - V1 GUIDs are not well randomised).
But yes, a GUID has nearly twice as many variable bits as a bigint (122 bits if we exclude the reserved (variant and version fields)) so there are probably going to be enough of them in the forseeable future (and since some duplications will be harmless - well done MS with COM and DCOM - it's better than it might have been).
There are enough GUIDs to enumerate every atom in the known universe (at least THIS universe).
That's just plain wrong, by a factor of at least a trillion duodecillion (in big - American - illions, not old style British ones).:hehe:
Anyone who thinks that 122 bits is enough to enumerate a set with cardinality somewhere in the range 1E78 to 1E82 needs to learn some elementary mathematics (since power(2,122) is less than 1E37). 😉
And anyone who thinks there are fewer than 1E37 atoms in the observable universe needs to learn some physics. :w00t:
Tom
• Jeff Moden (10/27/2010)
Paul White NZ (10/26/2010)
So, does anyone know of an article that guarantees that ethernet addresses a globally unique because that's the only way such a guarantee could be made.
Aside from the article you just read you mean? 😛
BWAA-HAAA!!! Oh no... Not quite what I meant. I know that 48 bit MAC addresses are larger than they'll ever use and when they run out of those in about a billion years, they can switch over the the 64 bit version. 😉 What I meant was the safe-guards a manufacturer uses to not accidentally repeat numbers. Some of the less popular brands may not be so careful.
You may recall a litle problem some time back when daisy-chaining certain disc brands (all same brand or differnt brands, didn't matter) was pretty impossible ith windows and with several other platforms. There was a story that that was caused by duplicate GUIDs, but I'm not sure whether I believe it or not.
Tom
• I'm feeling a bit of an idiot for responding to posts that were 5 years ago - oh, well, never mind. And thank heaven's for Paul with his insertion of sanity into the earlier discussion! But now there's something current to comment on.
WayneS (3/24/2015)
Toby Harman (3/23/2015)
...
There's no reason to have a GUID as there's no possibility of running out of INT let alone BIGINT.
...
...
In your reply, the implication (emphasized by me above) is that a GUID has a larger capacity than a bigint. The actual number of unique values of a GUID is 2^122; for a bigint data type it is 2^126 (using the full range from the most negative value to the most positive value).
That's quite an achievement, representing 2^126 values using only 64 bits. Have you perhaps multiplied 2^63 by 2 and got 2^126 instead of 2^64?
It reminds me of the famous disc compression scam back in the early 90s (I think - but it may have been late 80s) when an American outfit was going round western Europe selling this wonderful compression firmware which was guaranteed to compress anything, even stuff it had already compressed (no matter how many times). We had a visit from them in ICL West Gorton (I've no idea who arranged for them to be allowed to present their stuff, the guilty person remained anonymous) and were both bemused (how had they go through the defenses) and amused (gales of laughter once they's departed in confusion). What they were selling would have enabled us to represent even more that 2^126 values using only 64 bits.
Tom
• How many of my databases have used GUIDs? A couple that I inherited did but they don't now, so none. Do I look at what my databases need to do and seriously consider the use of GUIDs? Yes. Do I believe there are situations where GUIDs are needed: yes: I used to work on distributed systems and on systems that co-operated with eachother over networks in the days when there was no internet, and cooperative systems need something like GUIDs: there were several ideas sculling around the academic and industrial communities back then, but no standardisation efforts because no-one exected a really universal network to happen any time soon, but some of the things that were being talked about wouldn't look too strange to someone familiar with UUIDs.
It's really quite simple: UUIDs (or GUIDs) are pretty well essential for some things if we want genuine universality, and even if we merely want universality within a fairly large network we need pretty much the same thing. On the other hand, most database applications that I've actually seen don't need them. So the only sane thing to do is to look at each case and decide whether UUIDs or something else are the right tool for the job - and I expect that the number of cases where they are the right tool is on the increase. Anyone who believes they are always wrong is a fool, and so is eveyone who believes they are always right.
Are there enough? I doubt it. I suspect that in two or three decades we will have enough of them to be hit by ocassional collisions unless we increase the length. And if we want a standard that will last "for ever" we need to encode the length in a form that unambiguosly determines its own length as well as the length of the UUID containing this length indicator.
It would be nice to have something that would not be just probability based to enable us to have guaranteed uniqueness without compromising security. I don't know a way of doing that that doesn't have either a central trusted entity or a central authority for issue - it looks like an interesting cryptological problem, but for all I know it's already been proved impossible (and the people who are likely to know probably aren't going to tell us as they are all in Fort George G Meade, or Malvern, or Tel Aviv - or maybe Moscow or Beijing).
Tom
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Page:EB1911 - Volume 12.djvu/760
Rh The Reformation in Sweden (New York, 1883); Sveriges Historia (Stockholm, 1877–1881); J. Weidling, Schwedische Geschichte im Zeitalter der Reformation (Gotha, 1882).
'''GUSTAVUS II. ADOLPHUS''' (1594–1632), king of Sweden, the eldest son of Charles IX. and of Christina, daughter of Adolphus, duke of Holstein-Gottorp, was born at Stockholm castle on the 9th of December 1594. From the first he was carefully nurtured to be the future prop of Protestantism by his austere parents. Gustavus was well grounded in the classics, and his linguistic accomplishments were extraordinary. He may be said to have grown up with two mother-tongues, Swedish and German; at twelve he had mastered Latin, Italian and Dutch; and he learnt subsequently to express himself in Spanish, Russian and Polish. But his practical father took care that he should grow up a prince, not a pedant. So early as his ninth year he was introduced to public life; at thirteen he received petitions and conversed officially with the foreign ministers; at fifteen he administered his duchy of Vestmanland and opened the Örebro diet with a speech from the throne; indeed from 1610 he may be regarded as his father’s co-regent. In all martial and chivalrous accomplishments he was already an adept; and when, a year later, he succeeded to supreme power, his superior ability was as uncontested as it was incontestable.
The first act of the young king was to terminate the fratricidal struggle with Denmark by the peace of Knäred (28th of January 1613). Simultaneously, another war, also an heritage from Charles IX., had been proceeding in the far distant regions round lakes Ilmen, Peipus and Ladoga, with Great Novgorod as its centre. It was not, however, like the Danish War, a national danger, but a political speculation meant to be remunerative and compensatory, and was concluded very advantageously for Sweden by the peace of Stolbova on the 27th of February 1617 (see Muscovy from the Baltic. “I hope to God,” he declared to the Stockholm diet in 1617, when he announced the conclusion of peace, “that the Russians will feel it a bit difficult to skip over that little brook.” The war with Poland which Gustavus resumed in 1621 was a much more difficult affair. It began with an attack upon Riga as the first step towards conquering Livonia. Riga was invested on the 13th of August and surrendered on the 15th of September; on the 3rd of October Mitau was occupied; but so great were the ravages of sickness during the campaign that the Swedish army had to be reinforced by no fewer than 10,000 men. A truce was thereupon concluded and hostilities were suspended till the summer of 1625, in the course of which Gustavus took Kokenhusen and invaded Lithuania. In January 1626 he attacked the Poles at Walhof and scattered the whole of their army after slaying a fifth part of it. This victory, remarkable besides as Gustavus’s first pitched battle, completed the conquest of Livonia. As, however, it became every year more difficult to support an army in the Dvina district, Gustavus now resolved to transfer the war to the Prussian provinces of Poland with a view to securing the control of the Vistula, as he had already secured the control of the Dvina. At the end of 1626, the Swedish fleet, with 14,000 men on board, anchored in front of the chain of sand-dunes which separates the Frische-Haff from the Baltic. Pillau, the only Baltic port then accessible to ships of war, was at once occupied, and Königsberg shortly afterwards was scared into an unconditional neutrality. July was passed in conquering the bishopric of Ermeland. The surrender of Elbing and Marienburg placed Gustavus in possession of the fertile and easily defensible delta of the Vistula, which he treated as a permanent conquest, making Axel Oxenstjerna its first governor-general. Communications between Danzig and the sea were cut off by the erection of the first of Gustavus’s famous entrenched camps at Dirschau. From the end of August 1626 the city was blockaded, and in the meantime Polish irregulars, under the capable Stanislaus Koniecpolski, began to harass the Swedes. But the object of the campaign, a convenient basis of operations, was won; and in October the king departed to Sweden to get reinforcements. He returned in May 1627 with 7000 men, which raised his forces to 14,000, against which Koniecpolski could only oppose 9000. But his superior strategy frustrated all the efforts of the Swedish king, who in the course of the year was twice dangerously wounded and so disabled that he could never wear armour again. Gustavus had made extensive preparations for the ensuing campaign and took the field with 32,000 men. But once again, though far outnumbered, and unsupported by his own government, the Polish grand-hetman proved more than a match for Gustavus, who, on the 10th of September, broke up his camp and returned to Prussia; the whole autumn campaign had proved a failure and cost him 5000 men. During the ensuing campaign of 1629 Gustavus had to contend against the combined forces of Koniecpolski and 10,000 of Wallenstein’s mercenaries. The Polish commander now showed the Swedes what he could do with adequate forces. At Stuhm, on the 29th of June, he defeated Gustavus, who lost most of his artillery and narrowly escaped capture. The result of the campaign was the conclusion of the six years’ truce of Altmark, which was very advantageous to Sweden.
* History). By this peace Gustavus succeeded in excluding
And now Gustavus turned his attention to Germany. The motives which induced the Swedish king to intervene directly in the Thirty Years’ War are told us by himself in his correspondence with Oxenstjerna. Here he says plainly that it was the fear lest the emperor should acquire the Baltic ports and proceed to build up a sea-power dangerous to Scandinavia. For the same reason, the king rejected the chancellor’s alternative of waging a simply defensive war against the emperor by means of the fleet, with Stralsund as his base. He was convinced by the experience of Christian IV. of Denmark that the enemies’ harbours could be wrested from them only by a successful offensive war on land; and, while quite alive to the risks of such an enterprise in the face of two large armies, Tilly’s and Wallenstein’s, each of them larger than his own, he argued that the vast extent of territory and the numerous garrisons which the enemy was obliged to maintain, more than neutralized his numerical superiority. Merely to blockade all the German ports with the Swedish fleet was equally impossible. The Swedish fleet was too weak for that; it would be safer to take and fortify the pick of them. In Germany itself, if he once got the upper hand, he would not find himself without resources. It is no enthusiastic crusader, but an anxious and farseeing if somewhat speculative statesman who thus opens his mind to us. No doubt religious considerations largely influenced Gustavus. He had the deepest sympathy for his fellow-Protestants in Germany; he regarded them as God’s peculiar people, himself as their divinely appointed deliverer. But his first duty was to Sweden; and, naturally and rightly, he viewed the whole business from a predominantly Swedish point of view. Lutherans and Calvinists were to be delivered from a “soul-crushing tyranny”; but they were to be delivered by a foreign if friendly power; and that power claimed as her reward the hegemony of Protestant Europe and all the political privileges belonging to that exalted position.
On the 19th of May 1630 Gustavus solemnly took leave of the estates of the realm assembled at Stockholm. He appeared before them holding in his arms his only child and heiress, the little princess Christina, then in her fourth year, and tenderly committed her to the care of his loyal and devoted people. Then he solemnly took the estates to witness, as he stood there “in the sight of the Almighty,” that he had begun hostilities “out of no lust for war, as many will certainly devise and imagine,” but in self-defence and to deliver his fellow-Christians from oppression. On the 7th of June 1630 the Swedish fleet set sail, and two days after midsummer day, the whole army, 16,000 strong, was disembarked at Peenemünde. Gustavus’s plan was to take possession of the mouths of the Oder Haff, and, resting upon Stralsund in the west and Prussia in the east, penetrate into Germany. In those days rivers were what railways now are, the great military routes; and Gustavus’s German war was a war waged along river lines. The opening campaign was to be fought along the line of the Oder. Stettin, the capital of Pomerania, and the key of the Oder line, was occupied and converted into a first-class fortress. He then proceeded to clear Pomerania of the piebald imperial host composed of every nationality under
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How to add admins on your TF2 server
You will need sourcemod installed to be able to follow the guide. If you're having any issues finding out how to install it, please follow our guide on how to install sourcemod here.
1. Firstly navigate to your File Manager. File Manager
2. Go to tf => addons => sourcemod => configs => admins.cfg file. Scroll down to the end of the script until you encounter:
Admins
{
}
Now you have to input your info in this format:
"PlayerNickname"
{
"auth" "steam"
"identity" "insert_players_steamID"
"flags" "z"
"immunity" "99"
}
In the end it should look something like this:
Admins
{
"PlayerNickname"
{
"auth" "steam"
"identity" "insert_players_steamID"
"flags" "z"
"immunity" "99"
}
}
Example Admin Once done, click on Save Content and Start/Restart your server.
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Template:Did you know nominations/Titanic Belfast
Titanic Belfast
* ... that the new Titanic Belfast visitor attraction (pictured) tells the story of the ill-fated RMS Titanic through interactive videos, audio, replicas and displays?
* Reviewed: Template:Did you know nominations/RMS Titanic Maritime Memorial Act
* Comment: Expanded about 7.5x. Please hold for the Titanic centenary weekend on April 14/15.
Created/expanded by Prioryman (talk). Self nom at 22:04, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
* Symbol possible vote.svg The overall length, and the level of expansion both check out fine, and the article is well referenced throughout, with no signs of plaguarism or close para-phrasing. However, I am concerned that a hook of this sort on the main page would be in contravention of WP:NOTADVERTISING: it does read like a short advert for the centre. Harrias talk 14:09, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
* I'm not sure I really agree with that; it's a statement of fact (that's what the place does, after all) and it's not as if it's saying "this place is great, come and visit". I'll ask for more views on the DYK talk page. Prioryman (talk) 20:17, 7 April 2012 (UTC)
* Symbol confirmed.svg On re-visiting this, I think I was probably overly critical. While the line could be taken as a short advert, it is nevertheless written objectively and without trying to promote the attraction. Good to go. Harrias talk 10:23, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
* Great, thanks. Prioryman (talk) 10:49, 8 April 2012 (UTC)
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WIKI
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High Oxide-Ion Conductivity in a Hexagonal Perovskite-Related Oxide Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 with Cation Site Preference and Interstitial Oxide Ions
Small. 2021 Dec 19:e2106785. doi: 10.1002/smll.202106785. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Solid oxide-ion conductors are crucial for enabling clean and efficient energy devices such as solid oxide fuel cells. Hexagonal perovskite-related oxides have been placed at the forefront of high-performance oxide-ion conductors, with Ba7 Nb4- x Mo1+ x O20+ x /2 (x = 0-0.1) being an archetypal example. Herein, high oxide-ion conductivity and stability under reducing conditions in Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 are reported by investigating the solid solutions Ba7 Ta4- x Mo1+ x O20+ x /2 (x = 0.2-0.7). Neutron diffraction indicates a large number of interstitial oxide ions in Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 , leading to a high level of oxide-ion conductivity (e.g., 1.08 × 10-3 S cm-1 at 377 °C). The conductivity of Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 is higher than that of Ba7 Nb4 MoO20 and conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia. In contrast to Ba7 Nb4- x Mo1+ x O20+ x /2 (x = 0-0.1), the oxide-ion conduction in Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 is dominant even in highly reducing atmospheres (e.g., oxygen partial pressure of 1.6 × 10-24 atm at 909 °C). From structural analyses of the synchrotron X-ray diffraction data for Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 , contrasting X-ray scattering powers of Ta5+ and Mo6+ allow identification of the preferential occupation of Mo6+ adjacent to the intrinsically oxygen-deficient layers, as supported by DFT calculations. The high conductivity and chemical and electrical stability in Ba7 Ta3.7 Mo1.3 O20.15 provide a strategy for the development of solid electrolytes based on hexagonal perovskite-related oxides.
PMID:34923747 | DOI:10.1002/smll.202106785
Full Text Link: Read More
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Advanced Football Analytics
Advanced Football Analytics (formerly Advanced NFL Stats) was a website dedicated to the analysis of the National Football League (NFL) using mathematical and statistical methods. The site's lead author was noted football researcher and analyst Brian Burke. Burke is a regular contributor to The New York Times NFL coverage, The Washington Posts Commanders coverage, and supplies research for other notable publications and writers.
Advanced Football Analytics features a variety of analytical techniques and applications. The site predicts game outcomes and rates teams using a logistic regression model based on team efficiency statistics. It also features a live in-game win probability model that estimates the chances either opponent will win a game in progress. Advanced Football Analytics uses its win probability model to analyze strategic coaching decisions such as whether to kick or attempt first down conversions.
Research topics include game theory applications, luck and randomness, play calling, home field advantage, run-pass balance, and the relative importance of various facets of performance (offensive passing, offensive rushing, defensive passing, etc.). Also featured is research on weather factors, team payroll, and the NFL Draft.
The site has pioneered other analytical concepts such as Air Yards, which is the distance forward of the line of scrimmage that a pass travels. It removes the contribution of Yards After Catch (YAC) run by a receiver.
Advanced Football Analytics also features a catalog of unique individual player stats. Each player's contribution toward his team's wins, known as Win Probability Added (WPA), is available for each season since 2000. Expected Points Added (EPA), success rate (SR), and many other innovative metrics are available.
During the NFL off-season, Burke has posted original research related to other North American professional sports leagues.
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WIKI
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 70.djvu/187
Rh
meetings of the American Association for the Advancement, of Science and of the twenty-one national scientific societies affiliated with it, held in New York City from December 26 to January 2, exhibited convincingly the great progress that has taken place in this country in scientific research and in scientific organization. Twenty years ago Brown Goode, who was better informed than any other in regard to the history of science, in America, estimated that our scientific men numbered about five hundred. There were about 2.500 scientific men at the New York meeting and about 800 scientific papers were presented before the sections of the association and the special societies. The growth of our scientific institutions and the increase in the number of our scientific men appear to be in a geometric ratio. There are now at least 5,000 scientific men in the United States, and it is by no means impossible that twenty years hence the number will be 50,000. And this is but as it should be. There are 100,000 physicians and 500,000 teachers in the country, and one half of the physicians and one tenth of the teachers might to advantage engage in scientific research. The nation can certainly afford to devote one tenth of its resources and one tenth of its people to ideal ends, and in the case of science the conditions are favorable also on the economic side, for the more we give to science the-more we receive from it.
It seems almost impossible to select from the hundreds of scientific addresses, papers and discussions any for special mention. Some people are disappointed because no great discovery is announced at such a meeting. As a
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WIKI
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Grunt Update
This is a followup post of my previous post on “Grunt Basics.”
Apparently, installing grunt has changed since my last blog. Pwa pwa pwa…
1. If you’re installing grunt for the first time, type this in your command line:
npm install -g grunt-cli
If you’re updating from a version before 0.4, type this:
npm uninstall -g grunt && npm install -g grunt-cli
2. For “project scaffolding,” install grunt-init:
npm install -g grunt-init
Project scaffolding is when you type a command in the command line, and that automagically builds a project directory for you. It’ll prompt you for a project name, description, version, etc etc. So once you’ve installed grunt-init, you can type something like:
grunt-init jquery
And that’ll set up a jQuery project for you. That also comes with a whole bunch of stuff, like JS Hint, QUnit, Uglify… check out the package.json file to see what it comes with. If you run:
grunt
And something’s missing, just do:
npm install
And the missing stuff gets installed. Run:
grunt watch
And your project gets rebuilt as you save your JS files. Yuh, it’s like magic.
So when you run:
grunt
It’ll go through all the tasks defined in your default task in your Gruntfile.js. Usually it looks like this:
grunt.registerTask(‘default’, [‘jshint’, ‘qunit’, ‘clean’, ‘concat’, ‘uglify’]);
But feel free to configure that and anything else you may need in your Gruntfile.js.
Enjoy!
Grunt Basics
In a past post, I mentioned a build tool called Grunt. IT IS AWESOME!
“Grunt is a task-based command line build tool for Javascript projects.”
Here are some basic steps on how to set up Grunt for your project:
1. Install Node.js: http://nodejs.org/
2. Install Phantom.js: http://phantomjs.org/
3. Install Grunt by using: npm install -g grunt
4. Set up a project with grunt init, or you can do specific configurations. Here is one for JQuery: grunt init:jquery.
And ta-da! It sets up your directory and project files.
5. Use grunt watch and it’ll run a batch of predefined tasks whenever you make changes to your files such as:
• lint – Validate files with JSHint.
• min – Minify files with UglifyJS.
• qunit – Run QUnit unit tests in a headless PhantomJS instance.
You can even configure your grunt.js file a bit to cater to your project’s needs. If you prefer Jasmine or Mocha over QUnit, for example, you can specify your grunt.js file to use that instead. When I developed in AS3, I had to literally type a command (i.e., ant or mvn) in the command prompt or double-click an Ant icon in Flash Builder to have the build process going. But Node.js brings along this ability to “watch” your files — it’ll build whenever you hit ctrl+s — and it’ll execute all of those commands that you tell it to in your configuration. All of this sounds like a great boost to your development workflow… don’t you think?
Crazily enough, Grunt is not the only build tool out there for Javascript. There’s Yeoman, Mimosa, Gear, Jake… some people even still use Ant. I have yet to try them all out. Which build process and configurations do you prefer?
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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1
I have a float field which I want to simply update all values with 1. I can easily do this within the field calculator but I have started using python today, what is the syntax to simply update a field with the value 1. I'm stuck on the expression bit of the script:
arcpy.CalculateField_management("ROCHDALE_TEST_NET","FRMEAS",??????
3
Looking at the ArcGIS help section, you can see the necessary parameters and descriptions:
CalculateField_management (in_table, field, expression, {expression_type}, {code_block})
To translate this to your script;
import arcpy
file = r'C:\your\file.shp'
arcpy.CalculateField_management (file, "FRMEAS", "1")
• Thanks, I was thinking into it to much by doing =1 or "!FRMEAS! = 1" – Alan Carr Apr 3 '14 at 16:10
• @Aaron if it's a float field, do you have to put the 1 in quotes? – ianbroad Apr 3 '14 at 16:12
• 1
It is optional @ian – Aaron Apr 3 '14 at 16:16
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3 Banks That Played Interest Rates Right and Avoided the Bond Fiasco
After three U.S. banks collapsed within a matter of days, spooked investors widely sold bank stocks on concerns that problems could be lurking elsewhere in the financial sector.
One of the main issues that led to those bank failures was that banks were sitting on huge unrealized losses in their bond portfolios. Higher interest rates led customers to move deposits out of their banks or into higher-yielding products, and as liquidity became pressured, institutions like SVB Financial faced potentially having to sell their bonds at huge losses, which could have wiped out all of their equity. These fears triggered an outright bank run on SVB's Silicon Valley Bank.
While there are lots of banks sitting on lesser levels of unrealized bond losses, several correctly predicted that interest rates were going to rise significantly and made smart moves to position their balance sheets accordingly, avoiding the bond debacle.
1. JPMorgan Chase
JPMorgan Chase (NYSE: JPM) CEO Jamie Dimon did much better than most in navigating through the Great Recession. He demonstrated the fortress-like nature of JPMorgan's balance sheet again during the pandemic, and now in this latest crisis, Dimon is once again showing why he is among the more respected CEOs on Wall Street.
During a period when many banks were deploying their excess deposits into government bonds to gain additional yield and boost earnings amid weak lending activity, Dimon had JPMorgan maintain an outsized position in cash, and didn't get too deep into bonds.
At the end of 2022, JPMorgan Chase had roughly $214.5 billion of tangible common equity. Meanwhile, unrealized losses in the bank's held-to-maturity (HTM) bond portfolio -- bonds the bank expects to hold to maturity, and for which the paper losses have not been factored into its equity yet -- amounted to roughly $36.7 billion.
This isn't necessarily a small amount, but the bank would easily survive even if it had to sell that entire bond portfolio and eat the losses. And the conditions under which it would need to do that are extremely unlikely in the first place. JPMorgan Chase also positioned itself much better than other large banks like Bank of America.
It's clear that Dimon had the foresight to look beyond the ultra-low-interest rate environment that prevailed at the beginning of the pandemic and realize that inflation was coming eventually, which would lead the Fed to raise interest rates. At a banking conference at the end of 2020, Dimon said he wouldn't touch U.S. Treasuries at that period's low yields "with a 10-foot pole" due to the possibility that inflation could pick up.
2. Fifth Third Bancorp
Another bank that really played interest rates perfectly for the current environment was the super-regional Fifth Third Bancorp (NASDAQ: FITB), which has total assets of more than $207 billion.
Sure, Cincinnati-based Fifth Third has a portfolio of bonds that it designated as available-for-sale (AFS) -- meaning it intends to sell them before they mature -- but the values of these bonds are marked-to-market, and their shifting values are factored into the bank's equity each quarter, so there are no surprises. And remarkably, at the end of 2022, it held just $5 million of bonds in its HTM portfolio.
Fifth Third Chief Financial Officer James Leonard in previous quarterly earnings calls compared holding HTM securities to being in a "roach motel." And in the Q4 call, Leonard said that "held to maturity is more like a hide the maturity."
Additionally, Fifth Third has maintained strong regulatory capital ratios and has been guiding for margin expansion this year, despite deposit headwinds, which were quite relevant prior to the recent bank failures.
Regions Financial
Regions Financial (NYSE: RF), with $155 billion assets, also took the right approach when it came to managing its balance sheet. Against $7.9 billion of tangible common equity at the end of 2022, Alabama-based Regions is only looking at about $61 million of unrealized HTM losses.
I also think Regions has done a great job of managing its balance sheet and protecting its net interest margin in a variety of interest rate environments. Net interest margin, which is a strong indicator of profitability, tracks the difference between what a bank makes on interest-earning assets such as loans and securities and the interest it pays out on liabilities such as deposits. As Regions CFO David Turner said on its Januaryearnings call
We have constructed the balance sheet to support a net interest margin range of 3.6% to 4% over the coming years, even if interest rates move back toward 1%. If rates remain elevated, our reported net interest margin is projected to surpass the high end of the range until deposits fully reprice.
While I expect most banks to survive this scare, a lot of them are still looking at earnings headwinds because of deposit runoff, higher deposit costs, and the need to hold more cash. Regions is projecting a strong net interest margin range, and it's prepared for a variety of rate environments.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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@phdthesis{oai:fdc.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000042, author = {Sasaki, Mina and Kajiya, Hiroshi and Ozeki, Satoru and Okabe, Koji and Ikebe, Tetsuro}, month = {2015-06-09, 2015-06-09, 2015-06-09}, note = {2014年度, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause severe damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in normal cells, contributing to carcinogenesis and various pathological conditions. While cellular senescence arrests the early phase of cell cycle without any detectable telomere loss or dysfunction. ROS is reported to contribute to induction of cellular senescence, as evidence by its premature onset upon treatment with antioxidants or inhibitors of cellular oxidant scavengers. Although cellular senescence is known to be implicated in tumor suppression, it remains unknown whether ROS initially contributed to be cellular senescence in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and their malignant counterparts. To clarify whether ROS induce cellular senescence in NHEKs, we examined the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the expression of cellular senescence-associated molecules in NHEKs, compared to in squamous carcinoma cells (SCCs). Hydrogen peroxide increased the number of cells positive in senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity in NHEKs, but not SCCs. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, especially p16(INK4a) was upregulated in NHEKs treated with H2O2. Interestingly, H2O2 suppressed the methylation of p16(INK4a), promoter region in NHEKs, but not in SCCs. Hydrogen peroxide also suppressed the expression of phosphorylated Rb and CDK4, resulting in arrest in G0/G1 phase in NHEKs, but not SCCs. Our results indicate that the ROS-induced cellular senescence in NHEKs was caused by the upregulation p16(INK4a) through demethylation in its promoter region, which is not detected in SCCs, suggesting that ROS-induced cellular senescence contributes to tumor suppression of NHEKs.}, school = {福岡歯科大学}, title = {Reactive oxygen species promotes cellular senescence in normal human epidermal keratinocytes through epigenetic regulation of p16(INK4a.).}, year = {} }
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Sunday, April 21, 2024
Why Do I Need To Get My Teeth Cleaned At My Dentist’s Office?
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by Dr Jeffery Hoos’ Dental Health
jchdmd@gmail.com
I have been asked to start a dental health column for the Stratford Crier. My goal is to make this an interactive column. I would love to get questions from everyone about your dental health. You can send your questions to: jchdmd@gmail.com
I will do my best to answer everyone’s questions.
What is Biofilm?
We are going to be very scientific and ask the question What is Biofilm?
And once everyone knows that it will lead to the question: Why do I need to get my teeth clean at my dentist’s office.
I get asked all the time………why do I need to get my teeth cleaned at my dentist’s office. That is a great question. The answer is: because, most people can not do a good enough job on their own.
Now I am going to tell a deep family secret. You all have to promise not to tell anyone. I graduated from Tufts School of Dental Medicine in 1978. One of my first patients was my mother, Esther Hoos. She was my patient for 30 years before she passed away. The big secret is, I NEVER HAD TO CLEAN HER TEETH. It is very very true and the reason was that she so meticulously cleaned her teeth, there was nothing on her teeth to clean. Most people cannot do that. Most people even the dentists who are my patients, need professional cleanings. IF a dentist needs to have their teeth cleaned then most if not everyone, need professional cleanings.
The person that goes to school “to clean teeth” are called dental hygienists. Hygienists do so much more than just clean teeth. They are true professionals that are capable of detecting dental disease, taking x rays, cleaning the “biofilm” off tooth structure and treating the gingiva. The goal is bringing gingiva back to health. The way to get gingiva back to health is to remove the biofilm.
What is Biofilm? This is a very scientific question, that most people do not know. That dental biofilm starts as very small invisible bacteria. That invisible stuff is easy to remove by just brushing and flossing. It is biofilm that is the cause of many oral diseases such as gum diseases and tooth decay. There is also a lot of research that biofilm can lead to stomach issues and heart disease.
If you do not remove or get biofilm removed it starts to grow. As they grow, and there are so many different bacterial in the biofilm. These bacteria are common and very harmful to your teeth and gums. You can remove this bacteria yourself but most people are not skillful enough, and when not removed periodontal disease, bone loss, teeth loosening, bad breath, and bleed on gums will occur. The bacteria is living in that biofilm and carrying on their BAD STUFF. The biofilm is like a slime layer called dental plaque. We have to get plaque off your teeth..
When biofilm is allowed to grow on the teeth and gums long enough, it can start to become visible as a white or yellowish substance. That yellow stuff is called tartar and the tartar is teaming with bacteria.
So now we know about gum disease and bone loss but what about tooth decay. Tooth decay happens because the bacteria releases an acid. The acid attacks the tooth surface and causes cavities.
Why do some people get much more decay than other people? This is because the biofilm is not removed daily and people who eat sugar all the time are constantly bathing their teeth in acid.
The acid that the biofilm creates by eating the sugar attacks the teeth and causes tooth decay. When you “nurse” a sugar drink all day or eat sugar all day, the acid is attacking the teeth all the time. You have to at least rinse your mouth.
So now you are all dental experts, having knowledge of biofilm and understanding, “why do I need to get my teeth cleaned?”
Trust your dentist and their professional hygienists to keep your mouth healthy and clean. They will also show you how to brush and floss properly.
Until next time……..BRUSH & FLOSS
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Talk:Krishna/Archive 6
Undue content
Welcome to wikipedia. I have reverted your edits because they were unsourced and undue. Please see wikipedia's content policies and guidelines, particularly on WP:RS and WP:WWIN. We can summarize reliable, peer reviewed mainstream scholarship, that is verifiable. The few checks I made suggest that the free lance journalist Menon's book you cited does not meet this guideline. Further, you did not specify pages numbers (just vague chapters), which is not helpful for WP:V. Do you have a better peer reviewed sources with specific page numbers? Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 12:55, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* .Thanks,for advising.The info that i have added about the alternative tale from Bhagavata about reasons leading to destruction can easily be verified by just quickly perusing Mahabharata and Bhagvata (like he was not sleeping when hunter hit but was in (high yoga as by Kishana Ganguli ,his maintaing of four handed form and ascension to above)I will not be able to provide exact page no(I have amazon kindle version) but his content matches with Bryant in narrating the incident from chapter 30&31.I think its better to use the phrase "he ascended with four handed form" instead of "dies" as the former is what all the sources,Mahabharata and Bhagvata say (The Bryant source used here to describe that (he slept) is under extremely fringe view of a particular regional variation)and i think its better to use his other work (Krishna-The Beautiful Legend of God)
* Also I think,the paragraph relating to docetism is important (constructed from Nicholas Sutton ) is important as it clarifies the apparent contradiction of his death and the continuing debate on the docetism backed by Bhagvata and .Whats your opinion?
* And thanks for your work in streamlining this entire article.Earlier it was a mess.Please can you do this for Rama article. Thank youElectriceag (talk) 13:53, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* @Electriceage: Please see WP:EUPHEMISM. We need to respect the community consensus on this, since many wikipedia readers are not from South/Southeast Asia where Krishna has long been a part of the human heritage. Bryant's Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God is a translation of Book 10 of the Bhagavata Purana. The subject of this article is Krishna, not a particular book within a specific Purana. On the rest, if you provide page numbers, I will take a closer look. Yes, the Rama and Radha articles need attention ( see, we are not the only ones concerned about some of these articles!). Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 14:14, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* .I respect your good faith in preserving the integrity of article.As krishna is mythological figure with dubious historical presence The mythology described his death exactly so ,we are not bothered about its scientfic implications but myth should be preserved in describing so like his ascension in four armed form.Here are few examples straight from the Mahabharta and Bhagvata(two most authoritative works describing him).I have tried to match the source as closely as possible and referred both Bryant and Menon for help.
* "A fierce hunter of the name of Jara then came there, desirous of deer. The hunter, mistaking Keshava, who was stretched on the earth in high Yoga, for a deer, pierced him at the heel with a shaft and quickly came to that spot for capturing his prey. Coming up, Jara beheld a man dressed in yellow robes, rapt in Yoga and endued with many arms. Regarding himself an offender, and filled with fear, he touched the feet of Keshava. The high-souled one comforted him and then ascended upwards, filling the entire welkin with splendour"SOURCE (http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m16/m16004.htm)
* "Without in meditation on the fire burning in a mystic trance the object so auspicious for all concentration and meditation, viz. His body most attractive to all the worlds, He entered His heavenly abode"SOURCE(http://bhagavata.org/canto11/chapter31.html)
* The docetism para is constructed from pg 173-179 (Sutton).Thank YouElectriceag (talk) 15:08, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
@Electriceag: Blogs and websites are not acceptable. Each Purana exists in too many versions, see Ludo Rocher's treatise on them, pages 25-28 and elsewhere for example. To push some website version violates wiki's NPOV and other guidelines. I do understand your concern, and will shortly add Diana L. Eck source which explicitly supports "Krishna died" from the deer hunter Jara's arrow. Eck is a Harvard University professor on comparative religion, known for her work on Hinduism. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 15:23, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
Ok, i will try to restructure the subtopic by providing book resources.But i believe Ganguly version of Mahabharata is neutral in tone and the only available work in public domain.Eck no doubt is outstanding, but i will try to substantiate my edit with more references that wont contradict her but will add information of his departure that can also be independently verified by anyone in the primary texts of Mahabharata and Bhagvataa of any posited discrepancies.Please be generous of my edit.ThanksElectriceag (talk) 19:04, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Your effort is welcome. The real issue here is that the subject is Krishna, not a particular episode of the Mahabharata. Krishna's story is also mentioned in many versions in various Puranas, etc. We can't overload this article with one stage of Krishna's life (his death), nor unduly emphasize one version of a story, nor make this article into a quote farm. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 19:18, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* .I now think the description and length is perfect and matches with the epic .I was reluctant to add the docetism para as you advised not to overload one stage.But can i go for the similar treatment for other stages to include the details.ThanksElectriceag (talk) 19:53, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* Sorry to say ,but i dont know why you are so stringent and unflexible in wikepedia policies.I dont what makes it a reliable source(maybe a tag of any Ivy league would make it).All the details i have added can be verified from independent multiple source like i posted,Bryant, Ganguly Mahbharata .You are just reverting because (some godly refrence sources) have skipped to mention it even if the original books and other detailed snippets have mentioned it.Infact,my addition doesnt change the overall narrative and includes ascension details.And for undue part i myself have not mentioned the docetism para.But mentioning the alternate name of his death place is not undue.It appears you want the monoploy in presenting and controlling the textflow.I may be wrong ,but i except future coordination from ur side . My introductorty experience in wikepedia is letdown.ThanksElectriceag (talk) 20:42, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
* There is no flexibility to allow WP:Copyvio in wikipedia, nor can you use blogs, websites, non-peer reviewed or other questionable sources. For the rest, see above please. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 20:56, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
Later life
is there any verifiable basis for Gandhari's curse? If so, why does the later life not talk about this? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)tkul....
Krishna belonged to Abhira (Ahir) Tribe.
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=P3uD22Ghqs4C&pg=PA197&dq=krishna+was+abhira&hl=en&ei=NTuQTdpSwp1xxJTVlQo&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=krishna%20was%20abhira&f=false
Indian sociology through Ghurye, a dictionary By S. Devadas Pillaipage -197
Epilogue of Mahabharata http://books.google.co.in/books?id=fmzXAAAAMAAJ&q=krishna+was+abhira&dq=krishna+was+abhira&hl=en&ei=NTuQTdpSwp1xxJTVlQo&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBA
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=voLXAAAAMAAJ&q=krishna+was+abhira&dq=krishna+was+abhira&hl=en&ei=NTuQTdpSwp1xxJTVlQo&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA Krishna Leela theme in Rajasthani miniatures
http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=aD2QTbWFJcLMcL7FnYYK&ct=result&id=qZvWAAAAMAAJ&dq=krishna+was+abhira&q=abhira http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=aD2QTbWFJcLMcL7FnYYK&ct=result&id=qZvWAAAAMAAJ&dq=krishna+was+abhira&q=abhiras Hinduism and Buddhism: an historical sketch, Volume 1 By Sir Charles Eliot
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=kMnOBpUy7P4C&pg=PA158&dq=krishna+was+abhira&hl=en&ei=aD2QTbWFJcLMcL7FnYYK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q&f=false Hindu Gods and Heroes http://books.google.co.in/books?id=_r1buuxthXoC&pg=PA97&dq=krishna+was+abhira&hl=en&ei=VD-QTZagH8qycMXUmYsK&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCgQ6AEwADge#v=onepage&q=krishna%20was%20abhira&f=false
Ahir king Nand Baba and Vasudeva were brothers.
The cattle and the stick: an ethnographic profile of the Raut of Chhattisgarh
http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=VD-QTZagH8qycMXUmYsK&ct=result&id=wT-BAAAAMAAJ&dq=krishna+was+abhira&q=yaduvansi
Infobox
Can you please tell me the reason of template not matching with source text.In Krishna Consort section You have succinctly described the info.But my wiki is showing strange behavior and is displaying some alternate data in that section.THanks.And you were amazing in cleaning the mess on Rama article.Thanks and regret for my rude tone that day.I will present better sources next time.Dm51c (talk) 15:29, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* Thank you for the kind appreciation. I am glad you liked the revisions to the Rama article. No worries about being rude, that is pretty common in wikipedia! But yes, please do try to be nicer if your emotions allow (avoid saving your edit when you feel too upset or too happy)! Please provide the edit diff you are referring with consort-infobox. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 15:44, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* My source is displaying the following info "| consort = Radha,Rukmini, varies "
* whereas Krishna page diplays Consort Rukmini, Satyabhama, Jambavati, Bhadra, Lakshmana, Mitravinda, Nagnajiti, Rohini. I am puzzled!ThanksDm51c (talk) 15:57, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
something strange is going on with the infobox wrapper coding and this article. There is some issue with the "consort =" field, where strange text is displaying inside the infobox (you need to scroll down to see the strange floating text inside the infobox). This happens even if the field is empty! That carries over whether the field is "consort =" or "Consort =", regardless of what you write in there. It is not displaying what it should. Would you please take a look and fix this? Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 16:17, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* Ms Sarah Welch, I fixed the labels. the spouse information is being pulled from wikidata. I agree, there should be a way to disable this feature. Frietjes (talk) 16:45, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* Wikidata is optional. It is activated only when there is no spouse or consort Param used. To disable simply add consort or spouse, with or without value as you please. -- Pankaj Jain Capankajsmilyo (talk · contribs · [//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools-ec/?user=Capankajsmilyo&project=en.wikipedia.org count]) 16:59, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks. Indeed, this linking of wikidata to infoboxes needs a rethink and a disable option! It can be a backdoor to vandalism and misinformation. You are mistaken and being driven by your assumptions instead of empirical testing and real observations. That is based on the three test edits I made today, and linked above. Now, with whatever wizardry Frietjes did, the problem has vanished. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 17:29, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
* Thanks, for fixing it. -- Pankaj Jain Capankajsmilyo (talk · contribs · [//tools.wmflabs.org/xtools-ec/?user=Capankajsmilyo&project=en.wikipedia.org count]) 17:33, 26 April 2017 (UTC)
Self published sources
There are two problems. The article is about Krishna, not the book translated by Tapasyananda. Second, we can't use WP:SPS, blogs or other publications where there is a lack of evidence of a peer review. Do you have a peer reviewed source? and, why is this content you added appropriate? Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 13:34, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
* I understand ur concern for rs sources.Although its a significant criteria to determine repuatation for articles.I believe it shouldnt be overused in religious or mythical content.""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Reliable_source_examples"".The talk delineates this issue.Infact, I have mentioned the "text says and used a qualifier."ThanksDm51c (talk) 13:57, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
* Dm51c: That is a talk page archive of comments and failed proposals. Talk page discussions do not constitute wikipedia content guidelines and policies. There is a lot of peer reviewed, high quality WP:RS on Krishna, and if you can't find one that supports your content then we must remove it. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 14:29, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
* Ms Sarah Welch.It's not failed propasals,its a talk page on essay on Wikipedia:Reliable source examples.Please build consensus before removing it.Wikepedia is exclusively not about fastidious (peer reviewed Rs).Dm51c (talk) 14:53, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
Dm51c: You need consensus to add something from a questionable source. You added Bryant's book as source, with page = 729. The book has only 608 pages. Perhaps you mistyped. Would you please check and provide the exact quote? Please do not edit war over this, as you did previously in other articles a year ago, using questionable sources such as hinduwebsite.com. Please see WP:3RR again. Let us discuss this. Ms Sarah Welch (talk). 16:59, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
* I apologise for a mistake in page no.I have a ebook,so pages may not be in accordance with printed text.i have gleaned over my past mistakes,at that time ,i was novice enough to quote hinduwebsite.com."Anyway in this context ,i'll remove Swami Tapasyananda version,and support it with a bryant version(i'll not be able to provide exact page no) and one another independent sources.Kindly cooperate.Thanks.Dm51c (talk) 17:22, 12 August 2017 (UTC)
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Better sourcing
I have added and replaced some content on "proposed dating", because last paragraph only discussed reliability and processes of Puranas and the sources themselves doesn't mention Krishna. Also I agree with the recent edit that removed some portion of "Ahmadiyya" section, we should keep this relevant to Ahmadiyya and Krishna's relationship. Aliislam is not a reliable source, I have replaced it as well. Capitals00 (talk) 03:11, 20 November 2017 (UTC)
* Capitals00: Why do you consider a newspaper as "better sourcing" than scholarly publications? I am referring to this edit summary of yours, where you deleted scholarly sources and replaced it with something from the Times of India? The Mahabharata books and the Puranas do mention Krishna, and the reliability of these texts is relevant. I have merged in two of your sources which looked okay. The issue with your Ahmadiyya edit is that you imply Ahmadiyya is a part of Islam. That is highly contested, and adding "Islamic" qualification is not NPOV. I support you removing blogs, websites and other non-RS, fwiw. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 20:21, 27 November 2017 (UTC)
Journalists virtually never have scholarly training in history/anthropology/ethnography/etc. — they're generalists as far as this kind of thing goes, not knowing more than what's needed for background purposes, and as such we mustn't consider them reliable sources for such fields. Exceptions can exist, of course, and we can't discount a journalist merely because of his job (e.g. he could be an avocational anthropologist so dedicated to the field that he's a member of a learned society), but even then we should only trust his writings if they've gotten reviewed by other experts; the most scholarly journalist will have his newspaper writeups reviewed by nobody except the newspaper's editors, whom again we can trust to know a lot about news reporting but we can't trust to know much of anything about "olds" reporting. We can take newspaper reports as authoritative if we're writing a middle school report for our teachers, but encyclopedia writing demands better sources: whether they're written by professional academics, journalists with a lot of experience in scholarly work, or anyone else, they need to have gone through a scholarly review process. (Originally posted by Nyttend, copy-pasted here)
* Ahmadiyya is an Islamic sect, also read the Ahmadiyya article, it says "Ahmadiyya is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, near the end of the 19th century." Before you changed the article the article was not using such WP:UNDUE rebuttal. According to Wikipedia policies and official census of Muslim population, Ahmadiyya is an Islamic sect. We should not interpret opposition's belief everywhere, otherwise Shia are also "rejected as apostates of Islam" by most Muslims. Orientls (talk) 10:45, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
* I am going to point out here that the article Ahmadiyya defines the religion as "an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, near the end of the 19th century" and has quite a few sources to support that statement. --Katolophyromai (talk) 10:48, 28 November 2017 (UTC)
* this discussion. It is clear that Ms Sarah Welch used personal opinion about Ahamdiyya, which is irrelevant and added WP:SYNTH/WP:OR about Puranas that has to do nothing with Krishna. I haven't checked whole article but I feel that misrepresentation is wider than what we had suspected here. Orientls (talk) 06:55, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
This discussion indeed. You removed sourced info which questions the use of the Puranas as a historical source, and instead try to present Krishna as a historical pefson. Obvious pov-pushing. If your problem is with the Ahamdiyya-section, then you should edit that section, but not use it as an excuse to remove sourced info in another section. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 06:59, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* But first you didn't even checked talk page and restored problematic edits of a sock. You agree that edits about Ahmadiyya were problematic but not about dating? Do you understand what is an WP:OR or WP:SYNTH? You clearly don't. Only because it is sourced it doesn't have to be added here. It is same as saying that we need to argue over the biographies of the people that we have used as source on this article that, but no, we can't! Unless the source connects Krishna with the credibility of the source and since it doesn't you can't make connection only because you feels to. Orientls (talk) 07:06, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* I have partially self-reverted; I can't judge the Ahmadiyya-part. But I do know something about the discussions regarding the dating of Krishna. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 07:09, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* I'm using a cellphone now for editing now, which is quite inconvenient, but I'll take a closer look later. MSW's contribution in this regard could be trimmed indeed. I've done some editing on Krishna's dating before, but I don't recall where; I'll make use of those edits too, when I can use a laptop. But be sure that the usage of astrology for the dating of mythological figures is not within mainstream scholarly bounds. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 07:21, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* I am using a mobile myself. Whole second paragraph of Krishna is cherrypicked synthesis. I don't see any discussion that supported such WP:OR, and misrepresentation was of a higher degree. I don't see a single mention of "Krishna" in the entire book of Ludo R, and Hazra where they have provided varied views about Puranas, not the cherry picked ones that were used here. I didn't wrote the dating version, it was one of the subsequent edit when I had edited back in last year. But I can style emphasize that If astrological and mythological datings are supported by a reliable source (certainly Times of India is) then the views can be attributed. Not much of a issue if they are credible. Though I am not certainly in support of that, but traditional dating is scholarly supported as important enough for a mention. Maybe we can just omit the second paragraph. Its up to the source to make the connection between two different things, per WP:SYNTH. Orientls (talk) 07:35, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* Puranic chronology contains a similar section on dating. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 08:14, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* Guy Beck is usefull; actually, in your preferred version he's better represented than in the present version. Based on the material we've got now, best would be to start with Beck, than an overview of what Indian authors state, and then, maybe, the Jain dating. Part of the second paragraph could be moved into a note. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 08:29, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
* I have merged the two contested versions. Joshua Jonathan - Let's talk! 15:58, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
Krishna born July 18, 3228 BC, died February 18, 3102 BC
This article needs... the date of Krishna's birth, known as Krishna Janmashtami, is 18 July 3228 BCE and he lived until 18 February 3102 BCE. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami 2601:580:103:BB72:69D8:BE10:3F9D:A5D0 (talk) 02:00, 16 June 2018 (UTC)
1st Millennium "Literature" of Krishna Synonyms
In section 1.2 in this article, it says, "The synonyms of Krishna have been traced to 1st millennium BCE literature.[15]" Note 15 cites "Hein, Norvin (1986). "A Revolution in Kṛṣṇaism: The Cult of Gopāla". History of Religions. 25 (4): 296–317. doi:10.1086/463051. JSTOR 1062622." As far as I know, the pre-Hindu Vedic/Brahmic "literature" was strictly ORAL, or "oral literature." I think most people, like myself, consider "literature" to mean a WRITTEN book; as such, written books are often given a higher level of credence. Should the article be amended from "literature" to "oral tradition" to reduce or prevent inaccurate perceptions of the Gita's historicity?
While I personally believe Krishna lived (and exists), I question claiming there was written literature about Krishna when the writing of 1000BCE India has yet to be translated.
Thanks,
C. Lee
Citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_literature — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:23, 25 July 2018 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 23 June 2020
Krishna is ninth avatar <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:27, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. GoingBatty (talk) 02:34, 23 June 2020 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for speedy deletion: You can see the reason for deletion at the file description page linked above. —Community Tech bot (talk) 07:23, 16 February 2020 (UTC)
* Lord Krishna with flute.jpg
Semi-protected edit request on 29 July 2020
Please change the line "He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of the god Vishnu and also as the supreme God in his own right." to He is worshipped as eighth avatar of god Vishnu according to Vishnu Puran and as Supreme God according to Srimad Bhagvat Puran which explains that in 16 kalps diffrent gods are worshipped as supreme god but Krishna is the Ultimate supreme god who created the universe. Bhakta stavik (talk) 08:42, 29 July 2020 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ◢ Ganbaruby! (Say hi!) 12:11, 29 July 2020 (UTC)
Merge Vāsudeva
Vāsudeva is same as Krishna so I suggest to merge the two into Krishna. Capankajsmilyo(Talk 11:27, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
* Leaning to Oppose. Krishna as we known him is an amalgam of several earlier historical traditions. Vāsudeva is one of these early traditions, appearing as an independent deity in epigraphy until at least the first centuries CE.पाटलिपुत्र Pat (talk) 14:58, 4 April 2020 (UTC)
* Oppose both figures are different here with some overlapping. -Nizil (talk) 12:47, 8 May 2020 (UTC)
* Oppose In the historical development of vaishnavism vasudeva represent an independent figure. It should be kept as such, otherwise it would be digression and unneessary swell up the article.Dm51c (talk) 20:54, 14 May 2020 (UTC)
* No, krishna should not be merged with vasudev as vasudev was father of krishna. Therefore, both are different personality so no mergence. Deokalimuskabad (talk) 16:40, 6 June 2020 (UTC)
This page should merged with Krishna. Because this is the historical persons who later got the name Krishna. This is already part of section "Historical and literary sources". So another article is unnecessary. Ratan375 (talk) 15:10, 18 June 2020 (UTC)
* No MergeDifferent historical developments for the two --Lena Virginia Birse (talk) 15:51, 6 July 2020 (UTC)
* Lord Krishna's father's name was Vasudeva. Hence Krishna is known by his father's name Vasudeva. He is called Vasudeva.It should be mixed. Thank you N8 15:46, 8 July 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 15 August 2020
I would request to not use mythology as a context with lord Krishna. It will hurt the sentiments of millions of practicing Hindus. Neesmom (talk) 02:04, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 02:43, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 15 August 2020
mentioned in many Hindu philosophical, theological, and religious texts. Neesmom (talk) 02:06, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Cannolis (talk) 02:44, 15 August 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 21 August 2020
AAZZBBYYCCXX (talk) 06:29, 21 August 2020 (UTC) I want to edit the page
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. – Thjarkur (talk) 08:10, 21 August 2020 (UTC)
Replacement of words
"The anecdotes and narratives of Krishna's life are generally titled as Krishna Leela. He is a central character in the Mahabharata, the Bhagavata Purana and the Bhagavad Gita, and is mentioned in many Hindu philosophical, theological, and MYTHOLOGICAL texts"
As mentioned above the word in Block Letters "Mythological" I request you to replace the word Mythological with "Religious" because this is creating a objection against Wikipedia. The word Mythological is used for a MYTH but according to Archaeological Survey Of India the there are many proof proving the existence of Lord. Please change it.
Regards VHP, INDIA YasharthSinhaOfficial (talk) 17:11, 13 October 2020 (UTC)
* You need to provide reliable academic sources that show that Krishna existed. --RegentsPark (comment) 17:38, 13 October 2020 (UTC)
* 'Theological' and 'Religious' are synonyms. - MrOllie (talk) 12:38, 15 October 2020 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 27 November 2020
In Telugu, it is 'కృష్ణ' Bala Jitendra (talk) 00:30, 27 November 2020 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. -ink&fables «talk» 09:12, 27 November 2020 (UTC)
Meaning of Krishna...
The meaning of Krishna's name in this article are not accurate, they are very vague and are not actually reflective of His holy name.
His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada provides the closest and most accurate purport and meaning to the name of Krishna. It is because of Srila Prabhupada we have a scientific way of understanding Krishna and the complete science of God - let's utilise his expert understanding in favour of so called scholarly interpretations who railroad Vaisnavas and miss the essence in its totality thereby creating a deviated idea of the real thing.
The meanings given in the current Wikipedia page are god of protection (Raksha), compassion, tenderness, yogeswara, etc.
Whilst these are nicely describing Krishna, they do not capture the spirit of His name.
Srila Prabhupada explained many times in his purports and translations that Krishna means 'the all attractive one' and Rama means the 'source of all pleasure'.
Please enter these definitions as the primary meaning of Krishna and remove the vague definitions.
If in doubt about such important matters, please contact an authority in 1 of the bonafide institutes: VIHE, The Mayapur Institute, ISKCON, Bhaktivedanta Institute or OCHS.
In Krishna's service,
Vaisnava das Vaisnava das (talk) 22:08, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
Vedanta
I had re-structured the first part of this sentence, but I did not touch the second half of the sentence, and that part is not clear to me:
...the Vedantic view emphasized in the Bhagavata is non-dualist described within a reality of plural forms. "is non-dualist described within a reality of plural forms"? What does that mean? Only an expert would know what that means.
Rewrote it. This one is a tough one. As a reference resource, this needs a mention with sources, which I hope the rewrite accomplishes. Explaining it will overwhelm the article. I will meditate on this a bit more. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 17:35, 22 May 2017 (UTC
The above confusion appears because of a lack on understanding of Krishna's philosophy as presented in Bhagavad gita As It Is.
His Divine Grace Srila Prabhupada comments that a clear understanding of of dvaita (duality) and advaita (oneness or non duality) comes when we hear from the bonafide source ... i.e Krishna or His pure devotee.... this is also mentioned in Bhagavad gita.... evam param para praptir..in Chapter 4 of Bhagavad gita as it is.
Therefore, Krishna is explaining and the Gaudiya Vaisnava sampradya is also responsive by not changing the message but accepting he message as it is.... that is why they are known as pure devotees since they do not change the message of Krishna according to their whim ... please read the purports by Baladeva Vidyabhusana, Visvanatha Chaktavati and Narotamma dasa shakira and you will be able to clear and distintively understand the actual philosophy of Krishna is summarized as Achintya Bhed Abhed Tattva which means inconceivable oneness and difference... i.e. that we are qualitatively the same constitution as Krishna as spirit souls but quantitatively different to Him .... the example is given as a large fire (Krishna) and the small bright sparks around the fire as the jivas or the individual spirit souls.
When the jivas become envious of Krishna, they fall from the spiritual sky like embers from the fire and the fiery quality of Krishna consciousness is diminished and they enter th material atmosphere (which is the inferior energy of Krishna) just like when the embers of a fire fall away from the fire and fall to the wet ground.
On account of being in contact with material nature and desiring to enjoy without Krishna we forget our real identity as eternal parts and parcels of Krishna ...
mamaivamso jiva-loke jiva-bhutah sanatanah manah-sasthanindriyani prakrti-sthani karsati The living entities in this conditioned world are My eternal, fragmental parts. Due to conditioned life, they are struggling very hard with the six senses, which include the mind. Bhagavad gita as it is 15.7.
Please changes references to duality and non duality or advaita and advaita to achintya bhed abhed tattva translated as inconceivable oneness and difference to the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krishna.
In the service of Krishna.
Vaisnava das Vaisnava das (talk) 10:09, 3 January 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 8 January 2021
The word "Consorts" should be replaced with "Spouse"
One cant call these religious dieties as consorts as they are spouses. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:04, 8 January 2021 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. Chariotrider555 (talk) 15:21, 8 January 2021 (UTC)
The meaning of consort is "a wife, husband, or companion, in particular the spouse of a reigning monarch." What's the problem. .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 15:50, 8 January 2021 (UTC)
Good wikipedia Vaishaliborse (talk) 08:27, 24 January 2021 (UTC)
Avatar_birth and Avatar_end instead of Born and Died
i think the info box title like avatar_birth and avatar_end are more true, suitable and 'neutral for main deities in hinduism' like rama and kirhsna instead of born and died which are used for mortal. as this article central focus is Krishna as a deity instead of krishna as a historical person. and religious or deity article doesn't has to necessary check for the scientific plausibility. as following this line of reasoning even abodes like Vaikuntha, or most of the things related are not historical, and are myth/belief or non-falsifiable. but, since clearly the central thrust of this article is krishna as major hindu deity so infobox should reflect the almost universal position of wider Hinduism,and in my last edit i haven't removed any sources. also i want to change the structure in the line where its mentioned that ramdev pir is an incarnation of krishna to something 'like there are lot of personalties througout history who are considered by their followers to be an incarnation of divine such as ramdev pir.' as its sourced from news article. Dm51c (talk) 10:57, 27 January 2021 (UTC)
U|Dm51c Well...I don't mind using avatar_birth or avatar_death, but I would like to add some points.
* First of all, most of the elements of infobox is about the avatar not the Omnipotent Krishna (who incarnated as Vishna, as per Krishnaism).
* For eg, his parents are Devak........ but if we take the more divine veiws, he is self born. .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 11:53, 29 January 2021 (UTC)
User:245CMR thanks for your concern. of course this belief is not shared by just krishnaism but by wider vaishnavism and even hinduism as a whole. even taking into Advaita (i have affinity to it) or wider Hinduism like shakta and others, the belief is exactly same. भवामि जात इव आत्ममायया आत्मनः मायया न परमार्थतो लोकवत्। (adi shankaracharya commentary gita 4.6)C ., that the birth taking is illusion using atma-maya not like real birth(parmarthato) of common people. जन्म मायारूपं कर्म च साधूनां परित्राणादि मे मम दिव्यम् अप्राकृतम्(adi shankaracharya, commentary gita 4.9), that the birth and actions are with help of his maya and are divine(alaukik and) not of prakriti. this belief is common point even in wider Hinduism, so i think 'avatar_start' and 'avatar_end' captures this better. and its also representative of Hinduism as a whole, and are not going much into Krishnaism. i dont think there mentoiong krishna parents,consorts,sons is in contradiction its mentioned in text, but its also mentioned several times that its not a regular birth but start of avatar. so in building a wikibox of major hinduisms deity ,this would be a perfectly neutral term. i think you will agree with it. thank you.Dm51c (talk) 16:47, 29 January 2021 (UTC)
Ok, before you change any thing, wait for some other users. .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 16:59, 29 January 2021 (UTC)
Please share your opinions .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 06:44, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
I don't think this is needed as according to many historians (and also according to the source which is attached with died parameter) Krishna was an actual person. Hence the born and died parameters. As Wikipedia is more concerned with facts, I think it is more appropriate to leave it as it is. I agree with your point though that most of it is already talking about avatar. JRDkg (talk) 07:19, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
Would you like to provide some insights on this? JRDkg (talk) 07:19, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
The article is more about the deity rather than Historical views. A more historical Krishna is mentioned in the Vāsudeva article, but that article focuses more on the cult than the person. According to me, birth and death are easier to understand, but I don't mind using the alternate proposal if the consensus supports it. .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 07:54, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
i have already told that this article focus in on krishna as a hinduism deity, that why in the main intro its not mentioned of historain view, or view of another religiion ike jainism on krishna which will clutter infobox. i have already givern reason that mpt only all vaishnavs sects but this is a near-unanimous belief of wider Hinduism, as i have given shankracharya bhasya on bhagvata gita. so infobox should relfect the tenents of what hinduism considers of a deity. that why he have abode mentioned, weapnos mentiones, or other things mentioned,which would be non-historical strictly. all primary sources are in agreement, i can use tons of it, and here is a secondary source.
""Although its primary meaning is descent;, the world avatara s often translated into english as incarnation. This is misleading because it suggests too strong a resemblance to the incarnation of christian theology. The latin incarnation ,lke the greek ensarkois which it transaltes, implies that what is important to the Christian concept is that the divine personage should be in the flesh.ie totally real in human tersm, all of a piece with the rest of huaman history. Whereas Christians have been reluctant to use words like appearance,or manifestation of the incarnate lord, such ideas are implict in term sf avatar since it has association with the theatre(rangavatra, entering on stage is a word for the acting profession). the avatar is God appearing up the world stage, having descended from the highest level of reality to that of trailokya in order to perform beneficial actions. It is not simply a question of the transformation of any celestial being into another shape."" Freda matchet krishna a lord or avatar page 4.
so avatar_start or avatra_end captures this perfectly better as its, wider Hinduism belief, and is accurate. Dm51c (talk) 12:03, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
* JRDkg: Infobox is difficult to maintain in wikipedia. Best practice would be to keep whatever is supported by the scholarly sources, avoid questionable sources and avoid blogging. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 19:29, 30 January 2021 (UTC)
please don't change for now, wait for atleast 1 week for other users to join the discussion. You can advertise this discussion .💠 245CMR 💠. •👥📜 08:21, 31 January 2021 (UTC) you can join the discussion, if interested.
❌ is currently blocked for edit warring and disruptive editing on Krishna. If anyone wants they can still share their opinions. JRDkg (talk) 09:09, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
* JRDkg: Restoring my text above, likely an innocent or accidental change. WP:TPNO : do not alter others' comments. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 17:28, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
Sorry that was accidental JRDkg (talk) 19:29, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
* It is best to leave it at born and died. Terms like "avatar birth" and "avatar death" are confusing and not used by reliable sources. User:Dm51c has not provided any reliable sources to back up their claims, but rather is relying on original research. Chariotrider555 (talk) 22:44, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
Hi,I have quoted freda matchet reference here and other source in my edits in the main article which agrees with my proposal implicitly. Its not my original research as all primary sources support have consensus. And secondary refernce I added corroborate the primary source. And for confusion i belive ,original terms should be used as in the case of illuosory world is mentioned in the advaita article which is technically wrong as world is mithya, not illusion. Here terms like born and died are inappropriate and for this avatar_start and avatar_end will shed more light as according to hinduism given freda source and other source its not a real birth and death like mortals but done using maya and so is technically called descent of deity or appearance or manifestation. Right now the terms used doesnt convey this perspective or distort this and are biased. "Traditionally however there is unanimous evidence that avatar originates in heaven not on earth" "incarnation in Hinduism and Christianity The Myth of the God-Man|author=Daniel E Bassuk. freda matchet hints that "Christian are reluctant to use terms like appearance or manifestation " which are used for hindu deity. i can add many other secondary sources. and for a primary source, i can add tons of it.
i accept that avatar_birth can somewhat confusing and can be redundant, i now propose 'avatar_start', manifestation' or 'descent' ,' appearance'(anyone of the four) ,similarly in the case of died. as current term are not a correct translation and not representative of what is conidered in Hinduism.Thanks Dm51c (talk) 06:14, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
* Dm51c: I have checked your purported source and your claim that page 4 of Freda Matchett directly supports the change you are making. I am sorry, but I do not see where Matchett mentions "avatar_birth" at all on that page or chapter 1. It is chapter 3 where she discusses Krsna's birth per Harivamsa, and that supports one of the scholarly interpretations and viewpoints that this article has long summarized already (see her book's p. 46 onwards, see this review by Peter Schreiner on her interpretation). Wikipedia's content policies require that editors refrain from OR–Synthesis, that the scholarly source(s) should directly support the summary or change an editor makes. Your recent edits in this article don't. Ms Sarah Welch (talk) 10:27, 2 February 2021 (UTC)
i aceept that many secondary source doesn't directly use word avatar_birth or the recent new words i have proposed. i said that according to all hinduims traditions and major source, that was the technically wrong as you have the major role in making krishna good article, i think you must be aware of the primary sources like gita and others subtraditions which go on explains that its not a birth etc per se. as freda alluded in the line that Christians are reluctant to use word like 'appearance' or 'manifestaion' which hints that its not a regular birth. as i know that their salvific doctrine depend on jesus to be fully human also. i know that wiki has more emphasis on a secondary source, and many sources have themselves are in this direction of not real birth/manifestation etc like humans,but even then choose to use 'born' and 'died' as more academic suited language. but i think if one is more informed about the primary sources which are used by various subtraditions and how they use alternate words, there can be liberty of picking the secondary sources or words that corroborate what is the traditional hindu belief, or a note can be provided for clarity .as there are many Sanskrit words which don't have an exact representation, eg mithya, illusion.Dm51c (talk) 18:44, 2 February 2021 (UTC)
Correction...Krishna is The Supreme Personality of Godhead ..
The 1st paragraph mentions Krishna as a major deity.
This is incorrect. The above terminology undermines Krishna's supreme position above and beyond any other living entity.
In both Bhagavad gita and Srimad Bhagavatam we hear about Krishna as the Bhagavan, Paramatma, and Brahman.
Krishna is also the source of all Svamsa avatars. If you imagine a line of candles each one being lit by the previous, then the original is Krishna and not Visnu or Narayana.
All the evidence in the revealed scriptures especially Srimad Bhagavatam explain this in great depth but unfortunately Hindus make a muddle of this. Krishna is the source of all incarnations. This is often and greatly overlooked by those who have not engaged in hearing the teachings of His Divine Grace A.C Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada.
Krishna has been taken very cheaply and that is why this wiki page is full of errors as it does not accord with the Bhakti revealed scriptures which is the cream of all Vedic literature.
Actually his wiki page should be redrafted and the Bhaktivedanta Institute and BBT should be consulted to re-write this wiki page as there are major blunders on such an important topic!
We also find Krishna as being the source of everything... aham sarvasya prabhava.... in Bhagavad gita amongst other citations that can also be quoted.
To consider Krishna as a major deity is an insult to Krishna and grossly misguides anyone who reads this article on wikipedia about Krishna.
Please correct this terminology as Krishna being the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
In Krishna's service.
Vaisnava das Vaisnava das (talk) 21:38, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
Krishna when he appears in this world, unlike other incarnations he does not take birth. In other words He comes as He is and this is corroborated in Srimad Bhagavatam. The other avatars are avatars of Krishna like Lord Kapila, Lord Rama, Lord Nrsinghadev etc.
When Krishna appears in the material world, he appears as the original 2 armed Krishna in the spiritual world or Goloka Vrindavana. He therefore never has a material body unlike the mortal conditioned living entities in the material world and therefore does not take birth or does not die and this is also mentioned in chapter 4 of Bhagavad gita as it is. Vaisnava das (talk) 22:30, 2 January 2021 (UTC)
He isnt krishna isnt even mentioned in vedas its all puranic and iskcon nonesense Vaisnava das — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:39, 8 February 2021 (UTC)
Puranic nonsense what? 950CMR (talk) 12:54, 22 February 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 16 March 2021
On Line 2 where you describe what he is the god of, you forgot to put that he is also the god of protection. I just noticed because the information on top of the photo of Krishna said he was the god of protection. Just a minor edit but I'm sure it will help :) SupremePotato (talk) 15:22, 16 March 2021 (UTC)
* All set. Thanks. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 15:30, 16 March 2021 (UTC)
Typo
There's a typo under the 'Life and Legends' sub-page, it says "Kansas'" instead of "Kamsa's". The page is protected so I couldn't edit it.
* Thank you for spotting this. Corrected! पाटलिपुत्र Pat (talk) 06:49, 10 April 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 23 April 2021
I just want to add some famous names of Sri Krishna. Nothing more! Thankyou, I hope you accept my humble request :) Radharani888 (talk) 17:09, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 17:51, 23 April 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 29 June 2021
There in the paragraph before the Title "Bhakti-Yog". Lord Jaggannath has been mentioned and there the word "Lord" is misspelled with Lird in the braces.
"Change Lird to Lord"
Radhey Krishna 2409:4052:808:3D19:A01D:4181:E580:2065 (talk) 08:04, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
* ✅ . 245CMR . •👥📜 08:08, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 29 June 2021 (2)
After the title- Early traditions there is a misspelled word Lord mentioning the Lord Jaggannath, please correct the mistake..
"Change Lird to Lord"
Radhey Krishna 2409:4052:808:3D19:A01D:4181:E580:2065 (talk) 08:09, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 11:03, 29 June 2021 (UTC)
Siblings
As per sources, Vasudeva had many wives other than Rohini-Devaki and had many children from them. Should we mention these step siblings of Krishna in the infobox? . 245CMR . •👥📜 14:35, 17 July 2021 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 July 2021
The note 2 in infobox is written like this "Radha is seen as Krishna's lover. On the other hand, Rukmini and others are married to him. Krishna had eight chief wives, who were referred as the Ashtabharya...". There is one grammatical mistake, please add to after 'referred'. 2405:204:1213:8F9:0:0:94D:A4 (talk) 17:58, 19 July 2021 (UTC)
* ✅ ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 11:08, 20 July 2021 (UTC)
Draupadi
How is there nothing about Draupadi in here? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:31, 22 July 2021 (UTC)JILKYWAY2837
Semi-protected edit request on 6 August 2021
Hi can you give me access? I know one name of Krishna. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:26, 6 August 2021 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: this is not the right page to request additional user rights. You may reopen this request with the specific changes to be made and someone will add them for you, or if you have an account, you can wait until you are autoconfirmed and edit the page yourself. –– 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗗𝘂𝗱𝗲 talk 03:31, 6 August 2021 (UTC)
Vrishnis and Yadavas were separate tribes and had separate hero-gods called Vasudev and Krishna, who later were fused together, is totally wrong.
King Vrishni was an ancestor of King Yadu (the ancestor of Yadavs). Vasudev Krishna is a single hero-god of the Vrishnis and Yadus, who are not separate from each other. Lak0610 (talk) 16:14, 1 September 2021 (UTC)
Megasthenes and Indian Religion A Study in Motives and Types
Added based on Megasthenes and Indian Religion A Study in Motives and Types which is thesis work/academic Allan Dahlaquist states as per Ruben the Ahir are related to Krishna — Preceding unsigned comment added by CountVlars (talk • contribs) 23:40, May 1, 2022 (UTC)
* Thank you for raising this topic on the talkpage instead of repeatedly adding the same content to the article. That said, I reverted your addition because Allan Dahlquist's 1962 book is not a reliable source on this or any other subject as this utterly scathing review by F.B.J. Kuiper will show. Abecedare (talk) 23:50, 1 May 2022 (UTC)
Actually Allan Dahlquist is merely quoting another famous indologist Ruben in his book, It is the words of Ruben which Allan is quoting. Allan has such has not made any inferences, Allan is merely quoting Ruben Also the fact that Kuiper has critiqued his book means that Megasthenes and Indian Religion A Study in Motives is a academic work I think Ruben is reliable and could be used. Abecedare Respectfully I leave the case to you. once again I appreciate answers and very much grateful ThanksCountVlars (talk) 03:46, 2 May 2022 (UTC)CountVlars
* For such a claim you need good WP:RS, not single mention here and some random mention there because it is well known that Abhira tribe is mentioned quite distinct in Mahabharata from Yadava and Vrishnis. Also there have been sharp increase in random socks who are everywhere adding Ahir, Yadav and other related things without context and with help of random google books results. Sajaypal007 (talk) 07:18, 2 May 2022 (UTC)
Sajaypal007, I respectfully request you to read all the 1410 pages of Mahabharata, there are numerous mention of ahir used interchangeably with Yadav, but also there are enormous amount of academic works which state ahir and yadav are same word. MSA Rao in Social Movements and Social Transformation, page 19, states semi-historical and historical evidence exists for ahirs and yadav being same. MSA Rao is WP:RS. Also Ruben is well established Indologist. CountVlars (talk) 16:48, 2 May 2022 (UTC)CountVlars
Krishna
Krishna is a major deity in Hinduism <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:35, 19 October 2022 (UTC)
Krishna
Krishna ia a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:40, 19 October 2022 (UTC)
A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 19:51, 2 November 2022 (UTC)
* Krishna shows Arjuna his universal form (bazaar art by C. Konddiah Raja, c.1950's.jpg
Semi-protected edit request on 18 November 2022
Why didn't you add Krishna's birth period in the article, 3228 BEC — Preceding unsigned comment added by Prashanta Chakraborty (talk • contribs) 11:15, 18 November 2022 (UTC)
* What reliable sources support that? —C.Fred (talk) 16:38, 21 November 2022 (UTC)
gods of blue skin
i believe the blue was more of a description of the eyes not the skin <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:12, 30 January 2023 (UTC)
To correct a mistake
So, the name of the tyrant brother of Devki was Kans or Kansa not Kamsa if said in English I don’t know this was a writing mistake or the writer just forgot the name and wrote Kamsa Please Correct this mistake 2402:3A80:1EA8:6D4F:9854:DDBE:1989:BE20 (talk) 11:18, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
Mentioning died is offensive
krishna is God. Mentioning died in Wikipedia is offensive 2601:249:8281:1470:80F7:50FB:AF59:7F6E (talk) 04:56, 3 April 2023 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 5 May 2023
Can you change the picture of krishna statue from the Singapore one to an Indian one? <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:45, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
* Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Callme mirela 🍁 03:54, 5 May 2023 (UTC)
Article split
Is there consensus for the recent split of this article into separate pages for each religion? If so, what should be the target of new redirect, or should it become a disambiguation page? If a dab, how do we plan to fix its 6,015 incoming wikilinks? Certes (talk) 10:10, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
* There's no consensus. I'd take it as a WP:BOLD edit and reverted. If @Mian Singh believes the article split is warranted, they can achieve consensus here — DaxServer (t · m · e · c) 11:20, 8 June 2023 (UTC)
Infobox image
The I believe image Sri Mariamman Temple Singapore 2 amk.jpg is a better image for the infobox, rather than VenugopalKrishna-CGRamanujam-RaviVarmaPressOleographPrint-IndianPainting 976d929e-9cb4-472a-94a2-9dfd59cff9b2 (1).jpg by Raja Ram Varma, as the Singapore picture depicts one of the most important aspects of Kr̥ṣṇa iconography, that being his dark skin. In the iconography section, the fact he is typically depicted in two-dimensional non-structural art as dark skinned (whether blue or black) is mentioned first. Additionally, in nearly every two-dimensional image on the page Kr̥ṣṇa is depicted with blue or black skin, except perhaps Jagannath (hard to tell) and another painting by Raja Ram Varma. Even in the etymology section it is stated that Kr̥ṣṇa's name means "dark". Given that is sourced in the page that Kr̥ṣṇa is typically depicted with dark skin (blue or black), and that the articles images itself attest to its popularity in 2D iconography, I believe the Singapore picture is better. If Kr̥ṣṇa sitting is an issue, I am sure the infobox image could also be an alternate image of Kr̥ṣṇa standing which has all the typical forms of his iconography. Pinging User:Narayanan Iyengar. Chariotrider555 (talk) 05:19, 22 September 2023 (UTC)
Change ‘Krishna to ‘Shri Krishna’
Shri Krishna was, is, and will remain a respected person. Thus change it to Shri Krishna Aarav Shah coffee (talk) 11:14, 13 October 2023 (UTC)
* Please see WP:HONORIFICS.RegentsPark (comment) 13:29, 13 October 2023 (UTC)
Broken Link in References
Reference 38 ( Hiltebeitel, Alf (2001). Rethinking the Mahābhārata: a reader's guide to the education of the dharma king. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 251–253, 256, 259. ISBN 978-0-226-34054-8 . ) seems to point to a website that has moved. Someone please either replace it with a suitable link or remove it. EverydaySpiritualityOnline (talk) 20:46, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
* The link has been fixed. rethinkingmahabh00hilt -> rethinkingmahabh0000hilt Recon rabbit 21:29, 11 January 2024 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 5 March 2024
Vasudev Krishna is the first social reformer of india 2402:8100:31AD:D825:76F9:5B94:B25E:1C08 (talk) 18:05, 5 March 2024 (UTC)
* Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Jamedeus (talk) 21:51, 5 March 2024 (UTC)
Krishna "butter-thief"
From Wiktionary >
(archaic) makhan-cor, epithet of Krishna. (Archaic) MAKHAN = "butter" = MAKKHAN.
Titles to be read in Devanagari script for the respective Wiktionary articles. JamiEric (talk) 17:20, 7 March 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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MariaDB – Correlated Subqueries
Loading
測試環境為 CentOS 8 X86_64 (虛擬機)
怎麼在 GROUP 時,找到 第二,三 … 的值.
先建立一個資料庫 (testdb) , 與 tables (employee) 格式為 Name char(20), Dept char(20), jobTitle char(20) 各 20 個字元以及 Salary int(11).
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> USE testdb;
Database changed
MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TABLE Employee (ID INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , Name char(20) , Dept char(20) , JobTitle char(20) , Salary int(1
1) , PRIMARY KEY (ID));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)
透過 INSERT 新增加了四筆資料.
MariaDB [testdb]> INSERT INTO Employee (Name , Dept , JobTitle , Salary) VALUES ('Ben','Testing','Engineer','45000') , ('Afa','Power','Enginee
r','48000') , ('Boss','Testing','Manager','75000') , ('Cars','Testing','Senior Engineer','42000');
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.001 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM Employee;
+----+------+---------+-----------------+--------+
| ID | Name | Dept | JobTitle | Salary |
+----+------+---------+-----------------+--------+
| 1 | Ben | Testing | Engineer | 45000 |
| 2 | Afa | Power | Engineer | 48000 |
| 3 | Boss | Testing | Manager | 75000 |
| 4 | Cars | Testing | Senior Engineer | 42000 |
+----+------+---------+-----------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)
找出該單位 Salary 最大值.
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT Dept , MAX(Salary) FROM Employee GROUP BY Dept;
+---------+-------------+
| Dept | MAX(Salary) |
+---------+-------------+
| Power | 48000 |
| Testing | 75000 |
+---------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.000 sec)
透過 Correlated Subqueries 來查詢 第二,三 … 大的值.
找出該單位 Salary 第二最大值.Power 單位只有一個人,所以第二大值為 NULL.
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT Dept , (SELECT e1.Salary FROM Employee e1 WHERE e1.Dept=e.Dept ORDER BY e1.Salary DESC LIMIT 1,1) AS 'Second High Salary' FROM Employee e GROUP BY Dept;
+---------+--------------------+
| Dept | Second High Salary |
+---------+--------------------+
| Power | NULL |
| Testing | 45000 |
+---------+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.001 sec)
找出該單位 Salary 第三最大值.Power 單位只有一個人,所以第三大值為 NULL.
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT Dept , (SELECT e1.Salary FROM Employee e1 WHERE e1.Dept=e.Dept ORDER BY e1.Salary DESC LIMIT 2,1) AS 'Second High Salary' FROM Employee e GROUP BY Dept;
+---------+--------------------+
| Dept | Second High Salary |
+---------+--------------------+
| Power | NULL |
| Testing | 42000 |
+---------+--------------------+
2 rows in set (0.001 sec)
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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The Truth About Veggie Diets: What we know so far.
Are they bad for you? There has long been the assumption for some of us that these diets are bad for you. But the truth is far from black and white. That’s why I’ve decided to do all the hard work for you. I have used the most up-to-date research to give you nothing but the truth. But don’t just take my word for it, I’ll list my resources at the end of this article so that you can take a look for yourself.
First, I want to mention the different types of diets:
• Vegetarian – May or may not include egg and diary products.
• Lacto-ovo-vegetarian – Includes eggs and diary products.
• Lacto-vegetarian – Includes diary products, but not egg products.
• Ovo-vegetarian – Includes eggs and egg products, but no diary.
• Vegan – Excludes egg and diary products, and may exclude honey.
• Raw vegan – Based on fruits, nuts, vegetables, seeds, legumes, and sprouted grains. The amount of uncooked food varies from 75% to 100%.
Still following me? Great, now here comes the important bit. I’m going to discuss the benefits, the risks, and then I’m going to make an overall conclusion. So listen in, I’m also going to mention how risks can be reduced or prevented.
• The benefits:
• Decreased risk of ischemic heart disease – Also known as coronary artery disease, this evil disease is responsible for a major number of deaths world-wide. In the UK alone, it is responsible for 73,000 deaths each year.
• Decreased risk of type 2 diabetes – People with diabetes have high levels of blood sugar. Type 2 diabetes is where the bodies cells stop responding to insulin, which plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar. It can also be where the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. Type 1 is where the body does not produce any insulin at all. Diabetes is a serious condition that can have deadly implications, not to mention the risk of amputation of limbs due to reduced blood circulation.
• Decreased risk of certain types of cancer – Yep, sorry to break the news. Vegetarian diets carry less of an overall risk of cancer, and a particularly lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer. I’m sorry my fellow meat eaters, research has found this to be true, at least so far.
• Decreased risk of diverticular disease – This condition affects your large bowel. It happens when small pouches, called diverticula, develop in the lining of your bowel before protruding through your bowel wall. In some people, this may cause symptoms such as pain in your tummy although many people don’t have any symptoms.
• Decreased risk of eye cataracts – Cataracts occurs when changes in the lens of the eye cause it to become less transparent, resulting in cloudy vision.
• Obesity – Those who consume high levels of meat will undoubtedly have excess amounts of saturated fats in their diet.
• Cholesterol – Vegetarian diets produce less low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which is the bad cholesterol that likes to clog up our arteries.
• Blood sugar – Veggie diets permit better serum glucose control, which is how good the body is at regulating blood sugar.
Now I would like to stress that these benefits are only permitted when a vegetarian diet is planned properly! Not eating properly could leave you with a deficiency that will make you sick, tired and malnourished.
• The risks:
• Veggies who are missing out their iron are vulnerable to anaemia, more on that in the minute.
• Vegans need continuous sources of vitamin B-12. The bad news is that B-12 is not a component of plant foods, meaning consumption for vegans can ONLY be met through fortified foods and supplements. Vegetarians have a bit more option, they can find it in cheese, eggs, milk and yogurts.
• Vegan diets are typically absent of the long chain fatty acids, EPA and DHA, which are important for development and maintenance of the brain, retina, and cell membranes and favourably impact the outcomes of pregnancy and the risk of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. The long term effects of reduced EPA and DHA in the diet is currently unknown. Despite this, vegetarian and vegan children do not appear to experience impairment in visual or mental development.
• Iron – Iron is an integral component of blood, if we don’t have enough iron, our body cannot make enough oxygen-carrying red blood cells and this causes iron deficiency anaemia. Vegetarians generally consume as much iron or even slightly more, than omnivores. Despite having similar iron intakes, the iron stores of vegetarians are typically below those of non-vegetarians.
• So why could this be?
• Iron is found in food in two forms, heme and non-heme iron. Now heme iron makes up 40 percent of the iron in meat, poultry, and fish, and this is well absorbed.
• On the other hand, non-heme iron makes up the other 60 percent of the iron found in animal tissue and is all of the iron found in non-meat sources such as fruits, vegetables, grains and nuts and this form of iron is less well absorbed. However, non-heme iron absorption can be up to 10x greater in iron-deficient individuals compared with iron-replete individuals. This means that we can compensate with low levels of iron consumption by increasing its absorption rate ten-fold, literally, and absorb non-heme iron more effectively. Over time, we are able to adapt to lower intakes of iron and even reduce the amount of iron lost.
• In one study, total iron absorption significantly increased by almost 40% after 10 weeks of consuming low levels of iron.
• Zinc – Zinc is found in cells all throughout the body, and it’s needed for our bodies immune system to work properly. It also plays a role in cell division, cell growth, the healing of wounds, and the breakdown of carbohydrates. Zinc is also needed for the senses of smell and taste.
• Compared with non-vegetarians, studies have shown that adult vegetarians have zinc intakes that are similar or slightly below omnivores, and serum (blood) zinc concentrations that were lower were still within the normal range. Currently, there does not appear to be any adverse health affects in adult vegetarians that are attributable to lower zinc intakes.
• Zinc sources for vegetarians include soy products, legumes, grains, cheese, seeds, and nuts. Organic acids, such as citric acid, can enhance zinc absorption to some degree.
• Iodine – Iodine is a mineral, and is important for a variety of functions in your body; including growth, metabolism, reproduction, nerve and muscle function, regulation of body temperature and blood cell production.
• Plant-based diets may be low in iodine, and vegans who do not consume key vegan sources of iodine, such as iodized salt or sea vegetables, may be at risk of iodine deficiency. The iodine content of sea vegetables varies widely and some may contain substantial amounts of iodine. Intakes should not exceed the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 1,100 micro-grams per day for adults. Vegan women of child-bearing age should supplement with 150 micro-grams a day of iodine. Sea salt, kosher salt, and salty seasonings, such as tamari, are generally not iodized. Dairy products may contain iodine, although amounts can vary considerably.
• Calcium – Your body uses 99 percent of its calcium to keep our bones and teeth strong. The remaining 1% plays a key role in cell signaling, blood clotting, muscle contraction and nerve function.
• Intakes of lacto-ovo-vegetarians, which includes eggs and dairy products, typically meet or exceed calcium recommendations, while calcium intakes of vegans vary widely and may fall below recommendations. Absorption from high-oxalate vegetables (oxalate meaning a salt or ester of oxalic acid), such as spinach, beet greens, and Swiss chard, may be as low 5%. So they are not good sources of calcium, despite their high calcium content. On the other hand, absorption from low-oxalate vegetables, such as kale, turnip greens, Chinese cabbage, and bok choy, is about 50%. Absorption from calcium-set tofu and most fortified plant milks is similiar to cow’s milk, at approximately 30%. Other plant foods, such as white beans, almonds, tahini, figs, and oranges, provide moderate amounts of calcium with somewhat lower rates of absorption at about 20%.
• Vitamin D – The major role of vitamin D is to maintain normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. Vitamin D also helps the body to absorb calcium, which forms and maintains strong bones.
• Status of this in the body depends on sunlight exposure and intake of vitamin D fortified foods or supplements. Foods that are fortified with vitamin D include cow’s milk, some non-dairy milks, fruit juices, breakfast cereals, and margarines. Eggs may also provide some vitamin D. Interestingly, mushrooms treated with ultraviolet light can be significant sources of vitamin D. If sun exposure and intake of fortified foods are insufficient to meet needs, vitamin D supplements are recommended, especially for older adults. Experts recommend daily intakes of vitamin D of 1,000 to 2,000 international units a day.
• Protein – Vegetarians and vegans typically meet or exceed protein requirements when caloric intake is adequate (meaning when you are eating enough of the right food).
• Vitamin B-12 –
• Vitamin B-12 is an especially important vitamin for maintaining healthy nerve cells, and it helps in the production of DNA and RNA, our body’s genetic material.
• Aging happens when our cells begin to wear and tear, and they age faster when our DNA doesn’t replicate correctly. Many factors may affect DNA replication; some factors include toxins in the blood, high blood sugar, and high levels of omega-6 fats in our diet. B-12 supports DNA health, and so it helps to keep our cells younger.
• Vitamin B-12 also works closely with vitamin B-9, also known as folate or folic acid, to help make red blood cells and to help iron work more effectively in the body.
• B-12 plays a key role in how your body creates energy.
• It also protects the heart. Our heart and entire cardiovascular system needs B-12. One of its jobs is to remove a dangerous protein, known as homocysteine, from the blood. When homocysteine is permitted to roam through our blood, it damages our arteries which leads to inflammation and consequently, coronary artery disease.
• Improves Mood and Outlook – Most have you have probably heard about the chemical, serotonin. Our brain uses serotonin to regulate our mood. If you aren’t getting enough B-12, you may find yourself feeling down.
• Protects Brain Health – Researchers have noted Alzheimer’s patients have much lower levels of B-12 than those of a similar age who have sharp, clear memory. In the same way B-12 helps protect nerve cells, it also helps to protect the myelin sheaths of brain cells that are often lacking in Alzheimer’s patients.
• Sources of B-12 for vegans include fermented foods such as nori, spirulina, chlorella, algae, fortified almond milk, coconut milk and soy milk. And also fortified cereals, Bob Red’s nutritional yeast is also a good source of B-12. Vegetarians can additionally consume some yogurts and cheeses, eggs, milk, and to a lesser extent, ice cream and vanilla.
• Vegans must regularly consume reliable sources from supplements or fortified foods or they will become deficient, this applies to all age categories.
• Vegetarians should also include these B-12 sources in their diet, 1 cup of milk and one egg per day will only provide about two-thirds of the Recommended Dietary Allowance.
• Moving on, I want to mention the early warning signs of a severe B-12 deficiency; this is unusual fatigue, tingling in the fingers or toes, poor cognition, poor digestion, and failure to properly develop in small children. Less severe B-12 deficiency results in elevated homocysteine, which can inflame our blood vessels. This leads to a restriction of blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism, which is responsible for keeping tissue alive. So B-12 deficiency may also be a risk factor for coronary artery disease. People with little or no B-12 intake may feel healthy; however, long-term deficiency can lead to health complications including stroke, dementia, and poor bone health.
• Conclusion: A well planned vegetarian or vegan diet, as claimed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, is healthy; and provides health benefits when planned properly, although more research is needed on the long term effects of a vegan diet. A poorly planned diet, whether vegan, vegetarian or omnivore, is harmful. All of our diets should consist of two-thirds from vegetables, fruits, whole grains and beans. Saturated fat content should not make up more than 10% of our diet. Vegans should particularly ensure that they are consuming adequate levels of B-12 and vitamin D for optimal long term health.
• So there you have it! When planned properly, not only are vegan and vegetarian diets healthy, but they may also help to prevent some diseases and also provide health benefits. Although please do keep in mind that more research is needed on the long term effects of vegan diets. Particularly the long term effects of a B-12 deficiency, and also the long term effects of the fatty acids, EPA and DHA, missing from the diet.
Thanks for stopping by!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Yemen cease-fire marks a breakthrough, but peace is far from secure
Yemen’s internationally recognized government and the Houthi-led rebel movement agreed to a cease-fire in the port city of Hodeidah and its surrounding governorate on Thursday, following a week of UN–sponsored peace talks in Sweden. Why it matters: The agreement follows mounting pressure from humanitarian groups; if it holds, it would mark a major diplomatic breakthrough. Since some 70% of basic commodities and relief aid flow through Hodeidah, keeping the port open is essential to staving off even more widespread food insecurity. Background: The Saudi- and UAE–led offensive has severely restricted commercial and humanitarian cargo. Some 65,000 people in Yemen already face famine conditions and another 16 million — an increase of more than 2 million in just three months — are on the verge of acute food insecurity. Details: The agreement calls for a UN–supervised withdrawal of both sides' forces from Hodeidah within three weeks, and UN management of port facilities and inspections. It also provides for a swap of thousands of prisoner combatants, and support for Yemen’s central bank to enable salary payments to over a million public-sector workers What to watch: A lot will need to go right to ensure the agreement becomes a reality on the ground. A UN Security Council resolution will have to lock in international support for the deal and lay out consequences for failure to comply with its terms. The UN must increase its presence in Hodeidah, assume management of the port and monitor the withdrawal of forces. Local forces will need to manage security — a daunting task in a conflict zone full of armed groups not party to the agreement. Finally, the UN and the parties will need to leverage these confidence-building measures into a wider political agreement to end the war. What’s next: The U.S. Senate voted Thursday to end U.S. support for the Saudi-led military campaign, though the prospects of that resolution in the House are unclear. Meanwhile, Martin Griffiths, the UN mediator, is expected to brief the Security Council on the agreement and the UN's commitments. The next round of peace talks is scheduled to take place in January. Hardin Lang is vice president for programs and policy at Refugees International.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Teddy Tired
The result was delete. Can't sleep, clown will eat me 09:39, 11 November 2006 (UTC)
Teddy Tired
Article is about a neologism, "teddy tired", which has not gained common currency. A google search for "teddy tired" came up with very few relevant hits, all of which seemed to be from blogs. No reliable secondary sources were cited in the article. I could not verify that the Hoodoo Gurus wrote a song lyric about "teddy tired" with a variety of google searches. The article itself says this neologism is specific to a particular industry and goes on to point out that it is more of a one-man campaign than a common expression in Australia or elsewhere. Teddy Tired fails WP:NEO. Darkspots 03:27, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
* The Hoodoo Gurus bit is bogus per this, and I distrust anything that can be said to spread like wildfire. Delete. --humblefool® 03:40, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete most of the ghits are completely unrelated. This would fit better on urban dictionary. Ultra-Loser Talk / Contributions 03:45, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete, non-notable neologism. J I P | Talk 12:47, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete - per above. This is nothing more than a dicdef/neologism. -bobby 15:12, 6 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete. --Wareq 01:04, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete. The Hoodoo Gurus song was "Waking Up Tired" which lyrics databases show didn't contain this term. Ebbsco's Australia New Zealand database comes up with nothing on this. Real verifibiality problems with this and if it was verified it would be a dictionary definition. Capitalistroadster 05:47, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Australia-related deletions. -- Capitalistroadster 05:47, 7 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete, I distrust neologisms when they're being spread by people with nicknames like "Mikey", "Jono", or "Totters". Lankiveil 06:20, 7 November 2006 (UTC).
* Delete per nom --Michael Johnson 12:35, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. --Roisterer 12:58, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
* Delete per nom. --Roisterer 12:58, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Britons see higher inflation and interest rates in 2017: BoE survey
LONDON (Reuters) - Britons expect a sharp rise in inflation over the coming year following the plummet in the value of sterling after Britain’s vote to leave the European Union, and more now believe a hike in interest rates is on the way, a Bank of England survey showed. The survey published on Friday showed average public inflation expectations over the next 12 months rose to 2.8 percent in November from 2.2 percent in the previous survey in August. Taking a five-year view, Britons expected inflation of 3.1 percent, slightly higher than the 3.0 percent forecast of three months earlier. Forty-one percent of respondents in the survey expected interest rates to rise over the next 12 months, compared with 21 percent in August. The Bank of England and many private economists have said inflation is set to climb sharply in 2017. After the EU referendum in June, sterling fell as much as 20 percent against the U.S. dollar but has recovered slightly to be down around 16 percent. So far, the British economy has largely weathered the initial Brexit shock better than many expected. But a rise in inflation next year is likely to strain the spending power of households who have driven the recovery in the economy since the financial crisis of 2007-09. Britain’s inflation rate in the 12 months to October stood at 0.9 percent and the Bank has previously said it expects it to peak at 2.8 percent in early 2018. Bank of England Governor Mark Carney has said the BoE is prepared to let inflation run above its 2 percent target in 2017 but there were limits to tolerating the overshoot. The Bank of England/TNS survey polled 2,095 people in 368 randomly selected output areas across Britain from Nov. 4 to 8. The BoE said on Nov. 3 that it was no longer expecting to cut interest rates again during 2016 and it moved to a neutral stance about its next monetary policy move. Reporting by Adela Suliman; Editing by William Schomberg
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Iowa Democrat calls foul on White House over Trump ethanol tour invite | TheHill
An Iowa Democrat on Tuesday alleged she was disinvited from attending a tour of an ethanol plant with President TrumpDonald John TrumpFacebook releases audit on conservative bias claims Harry Reid: 'Decriminalizing border crossings is not something that should be at the top of the list' Recessions happen when presidents overlook key problems MORE and other officials, accusing the White House of putting "political theater" ahead of bipartisanship. But the White House disputed the account of Rep. Cindy AxneCindy AxneAnti-Trump vets join Steyer group in pressing Democrats to impeach Trump Assault weapons ban picks up steam in Congress GOP scores procedural win by securing more funding to enforce Iran sanctions MORE's (D-Iowa) office, asserting the invitation was only to attend Trump’s remarks at the facility and was never withdrawn. "Congresswoman Axne was invited to attend the President’s remarks in Council Bluffs today, and such invite was never rescinded," a senior White House official said. "It’s unfortunate that she is choosing to spend her time in the D.C. swamp while the President shows true leadership and appreciation for our Nation’s agriculture community in Iowa.” The fallout over the event was first reported by the Des Moines Register. The Hill obtained correspondence between the two parties that showed Axne's office specifically asked if the congresswoman would be receiving an invitation to the president's ethanol plant tour in Council Bluffs. The White House later responded that Axne's office would receive an invite, though the invitation makes no explicit mention of the tour. Axne's office sent out a news release on Monday saying she had accepted a White House invitation to join Trump on his tour of Southwest Iowa Renewable Energy, an ethanol facility located in her home district. The congresswoman's office received a phone call after sending the advisory clarifying that they were not invited to join the president on his tour. "Unfortunately, the White House decided at the last minute that political theater was more important than working together for the benefit of all Iowans and rescinded the invitation to the tour," Madeleine Russak, a spokeswoman for Axne, said in a statement to The Hill. "It appears they are only allowing Republican elected officials to attend the tour, so Congresswoman Axne is now back in Washington.” Russak told The Hill that the congresswoman flew back to the capital on Tuesday, and that she has requested an in-person meeting with Trump to discuss tariffs and ethanol policy that affects her constituents. Axne's absence was apparent when Trump acknowledged several public officials who were in attendance during the event in Council Bluffs. Sens. Joni ErnstJoni Kay ErnstErnst town hall in Iowa gets contentious over guns Air Force probe finds no corroboration of sexual assault allegations against Trump pick Gun control activists set to flex muscle in battle for Senate MORE (Iowa) and Deb FischerDebra (Deb) Strobel FischerThe 23 Republicans who opposed Trump-backed budget deal Landmark US-Russia arms control treaty poised for final blow GOP senator introduces bill banning 'addictive' social media features MORE (Neb.), Iowa Gov. Kim Reynolds, Nebraska Gov. Pete Ricketts, and Omaha, Neb., Mayor Jean Stothert were in attendance. All are Republicans. Axne was first elected to represent Iowa's 3rd Congressional District last year when she defeated incumbent Rep. David YoungDavid Edmund YoungChurches are arming and training congregants in response to mass shootings: report Assault weapons ban picks up steam in Congress Iowa Democrat calls foul on White House over Trump ethanol tour invite MORE (R-Iowa). Trump carried the district by 3.5 percentage points in 2016. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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NhaD family
The NhaD family (TC# 2.A.62) belongs to the Ion Transporter (IT) Superfamily. A representative list of proteins belonging to the NhaD family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.
The NhaD Na+/H+ antiporter has been characterized from two Vibrio species: V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae and in the haloalkaliphile, Alkalimonas amylolytica. These proteins and their homologues are 400-500 aas long and exhibit 10-13 TMSs. They catalyze Na+/H+ and Li+/H+ antiport. They exhibit activity at basic pH (8-10) with no activity at pH 7.5. The Amylolytica antiporter has low Na+ affinity and has optimal activity at 600 mM Na+. Homologues are found in Pseudomonadota of all groups, Flavobacteriia, and Chlamydia. Distant homologues of the IT superfamily are ubiquitous.
The generalized reaction catalyzed by NhaD is:"nH+ (in) + mNa+ (out) ⇌ nH+ (out) + mNa+ (in)."
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WIKI
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Talk:Headlight-Herald (Tillamook)
Sources for expansion
https://web.archive.org/web/20160728001426/http://oregonnews.uoregon.edu:80/history/tillamookherald/
-Pete Forsyth (talk) 04:57, 24 October 2018 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Apama 10.3 | Apama Documentation | Connecting Apama Applications to External Components | Standard IAF Plug-ins | The File IAF Adapter (JMultiFileTransport) | Opening files for writing
Opening files for writing
Opening files for writing with parallel processing applications
To open a file for writing, emit an OpenFileForWriting event. The definition of the OpenFileForWriting event is similar to the definition of the OpenFileForReading event. See the com.apama.file package in the API Reference for EPL (ApamaDoc) for detailed information on the OpenFileForWriting event.
The procedure for opening a file for writing CSV or fixed width files is effectively the same as for reading. Specify the relevant fields in the payload to describe the format of the file you want to write. When subsequently sending FileLine events, populate the data sequence field with the data for each field.
Again, once constructed, emit the OpenFileForWriting event to the "FILE" channel, for example:
emit OpenFileForWriting(...) to "FILE"
For fixed width files, you can construct a more complex OpenFileForWriting event in a similar way to that described in Opening fixed width files.
Again, as with reading a file, the File adapter sends a FileHandle or FileError event (see Sending the read request), which your application should listen for, filtering on the requestId for the FileHandle event you are interested in.
Once a FileHandle event has been received, the file has successfully opened and the application can begin to send FileLine events to be written. See the com.apama.file package in the API Reference for EPL (ApamaDoc) for detailed information on the FileLine event.
Notice that the data field is a sequence of strings, rather than a string. This allows you to have the fields you want to write as separate entries in the sequence, and it lets the File adapter format the sequence for writing according to the chosen codec. For the fixed width codec, the number of elements in the sequence should match the number of fields originally specified when opening the file. For the null codec, if the sequence contains more than one element, each field will be written out using a separator defined in the IAF configuration file. This separator can be blank, in which case each element will be written out immediately after the previous one, with a newline after the last element.
The FileLine event is exactly the same as the one received when reading; however, the requestId takes on a more important role. If you specify a positive requestId, your application receives an acknowledgment
When a file is already open for reading, you can write to that file only by appending new data. Of course, you must send an OpenFileForWriting event, and then the File adapter can process FileLine events for writing to that file. You receive a FileError event if the file is open for reading and for writing and you try to write data into the file but not by appending the new data.
Copyright © 2013-2018 | Software AG, Darmstadt, Germany and/or Software AG USA, Inc., Reston, VA, USA, and/or its subsidiaries and/or its affiliates and/or their licensors.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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What is accuracy in machine learning?
3d,Rendering,Artificial,Intelligence,Ai,Research,Of,Robot,And,Cyborg
Have you ever wondered how Netflix recommends movies and shows that suit your taste? Or how Amazon predicts the products you might be interested in buying? These are all possible thanks to machine learning algorithms. However, for these algorithms to work effectively, they need to be accurate. But what exactly does accuracy mean in the context of machine learning? In this blog post, we’ll explore the concept of accuracy in machine learning and its importance in building reliable models. So buckle up and get ready for an informative ride!
Accuracy in machine learning
In machine learning, accuracy denotes the percentage of correct predictions made by a machine learning algorithm. Usually, accuracy is gauged by employing a validation or training dataset and then comparing the results to an anticipated value. The closer the two values are, the more accurate the machine-learning algorithm is.
There are a few factors that can affect accuracy: The quality of the training data set. The algorithms used (were linear regression vs Bayesian). The way predictions are generated can vary. This encompasses techniques like model averaging, which involve the amalgamation of predictions from multiple models, rather than relying solely on individual predictions from a single model.
Types of machine learning
Machine learning is a domain of computer science enabling computers to learn from data without the need for explicit programming. The algorithms employed in machine learning aim to enhance system performance by improving its ability to predict future outcomes based on past experiences.
There are many different types of machine learning, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Here are just a few:
Supervised learning:
In supervised learning, the algorithm receives a pre-labeled set of training data. The algorithm is instructed about the associations between elements (or labels) and real-world objects in this dataset. It then uses this information to learn how to predict which element (or label) will be present in new data. This approach is frequently applicable to tasks such as image recognition or text prediction, where the input data is already known or labeled in some manner.
Unsupervised learning:
In unsupervised learning, the algorithm receives a set of training data without explicit information about which elements correspond to specific real-world objects. Instead, the algorithm autonomously identifies patterns within the data. This learning approach finds frequent application in tasks like natural language processing or fraud detection, where no pre-existing knowledge about the data is available.
Deep learning:
Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are composed of many interconnected layers that can see very deeply into an image or document than humans can. This makes them perfect for tasks like facial recognition or object recognition where there are lots of complex features to be learned.
Reinforcement learning:
In reinforcement learning, the machine learning algorithm is given a set of rewards (like money) whenever it performs a certain task correctly. The goal is then to figure out what action (or set of actions) will result in the most rewards over time. This is often used for tasks like autonomous driving or drug discovery where success depends on applying the right strategy at the right time.
How to achieve accuracy in machine learning?
Accuracy in machine learning is the degree to which a prediction or model reflects the actual data. The more accurate a prediction, the better it will be at predicting future outcomes.
There are different ways to measure accuracy in machine learning. One common way to measure accuracy is to calculate how well a model predicts each individual training instance. This is known as classification accuracy. You can typically use it for binary classification problems, like classifying emails into a spam or not spam.
Another way to measure accuracy is to calculate how well a model predicts the entire dataset. You can term this as performance accuracy. It is commonly applied to problems involving more than two classes. This includes recognizing handwritten digits from an image dataset.
You can enhance both classification and performance accuracies by utilizing features tailored to the problem at hand. For example, when classifying emails as spam or not spam, you can include features like the email’s domain (to differentiate between business-related and personal emails), message content (to identify keywords in the email body), or user behavior (to assess whether the user has been reported as spam in the past).
What is an example of an application of machine learning?
Machine learning is a branch of computer science that permits computers to acquire knowledge from data without requiring explicit programming. You can do this through the use of artificial neural networks and other algorithms. Accuracy in machine learning pertains to how effectively the AI system performs on a specific task in comparison to what would be anticipated through random chance alone. You can measure using a set of metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall.
How do we measure the accuracy of machine learning algorithms?
Machine learning algorithms generates prediction that are as accurate as possible. The goal of any machine learning algorithm is to make a prediction that is more likely to be true than not true. You can measure accuracy in a variety of ways, but some common measures include precision and recall metrics. Precision simply measures how often the prediction matches the correct answer, while recall measures how often the prediction produces answers that are similar to the correct answer.
The most important factor when it comes to accuracy is bias. Bias refers to any difference between the predictions made by the machine learning algorithm and the expected outcomes that would occur if the model were trained on completely random data. Excessive bias can result in the algorithm generating inaccurate predictions, even when provided with high-quality training data.
How can we improve the accuracy of machine learning algorithms?
Machine learning algorithms are often successful in generalizing from training data to new data, but they may not be accurate in doing so. Indeed, you can define the accuracy of an algorithm as the percentage of correct predictions made on a new dataset compared to the total number of predictions made on the training dataset.
There are a few factors that can affect the accuracy of machine learning algorithms:
1. The quality of the initial training data. If the data used to train the machine learning model is poor quality, then the algorithm will likely make more errors when trying to predict future data.
2. The selection of features for the training dataset. Poorly constructed training datasets can lead to over-representation or under-representation of important features for predicting outcomes. This can result in inaccurate predictions.
3. The complexity of the machine learning algorithm. If a machine learning algorithm is too complex, it may not be able to accurately generalize from training data to new data instances. This can lead to inaccurate predictions and ultimately lower performance levels for the machine learning algorithm overall.
Conclusion
Accuracy in machine learning is the ability of a model to produce predictions that are correct within a given error boundary. The goal of any machine learning algorithm is to improve its accuracy over time by finding patterns in the data. You can use those patterns to make predictions. This article has outlined some key concepts related to the accuracy, including the bias-variance tradeoff and generalization error. I hope this information has helped you understand how accuracy is important in machine learning and why it is important to strive for high levels of precision when training models.
FAQs
What is accuracy in machine learning?
Accuracy in machine learning is a metric used to evaluate the performance of a model. It measures the proportion of correctly predicted instances out of the total instances in the dataset. Accuracy is calculated as the number of correct predictions divided by the total number of predictions.
How is accuracy calculated in machine learning?
Accuracy = Total Number of Predictions/Number of Correct Predictions
For example, if a model correctly predicts 90 out of 100 instances, the accuracy is 90%.
What are the limitations of using accuracy as a metric?
Accuracy can be misleading, especially with imbalanced datasets where one class significantly outnumbers others. In such cases, a high accuracy might simply reflect the model’s ability to predict the majority class correctly while ignoring the minority class. Other metrics like precision, recall, and F1 score are often more informative for imbalanced datasets.
When should accuracy be used as a performance metric?
Accuracy is an appropriate performance metric when the classes in the dataset are balanced, meaning that each class is represented equally. It is also suitable for situations where all prediction errors have the same cost and the primary goal is to maximize the proportion of correct predictions.
What are alternative metrics to accuracy in machine learning?
Alternative metrics to accuracy include precision, recall, F1 score, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC). Precision measures the proportion of true positive predictions among all positive predictions, recall measures the proportion of true positive predictions among all actual positives, F1 score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall, and AUC-ROC assesses the model’s ability to distinguish between classes. These metrics provide a more nuanced view of model performance, especially with imbalanced datasets.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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University of Bahrain
The University of Bahrain (جامعة البحرين), often abbreviated as UOB, is a public university in Bahrain. Established by royal decree in 1986, it has since become the largest institution of higher education in Bahrain, with three campuses (Sakhir, Isa Town, and Salmaniya) and more than 30,000 registered students. The university comprises nine colleges: Arts, Applied Studies, Business Administration, Engineering, Health and Sport Sciences, Information Technology (IT), Law, Science, and the Bahrain Teachers' College.
The university is a member of the International Association of Universities and the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World.
History
The University of Bahrain was established in 1986 as a result of Amiri Decree No. 12 /1986. The decree resulted in the merger of two public colleges; the Gulf Polytechnic (previously established in 1968) and the University College of Arts, Science and Education (established in 1979).
Campus
The university has three campuses. Its main campus in Sakhir covers an area of 103657m2 and houses all the colleges except the Colleges of Health Science and Engineering. The College of Health Sciences is based in a 10000 sqm campus next to the Salmaniya Medical Complex. The College of Engineering is based in a 10000 sqm campus alongside the Bahrain Polytechnic.
The university owns a total of 66 buildings, 240 classrooms, 183 labs, and three gymnasiums. The university has four libraries, with the Central Library having an estimated 250,000 books in stock. The library also has access to the British Library database.
Colleges
The University of Bahrain receives US$110 million as a budget from the Bahraini government. The university itself consists of 10 constituent colleges:
* S1A – College of Arts
* S1B – College of Business Administration
* S20B & S20C – College of Applied Studies
* S20A – College of Physical Education & Physiotherapy
* S22 – Bahrain Teachers College (BTC)
* S39 – College of Law
* S40 – College of Information Technology
* S41 – College of Science
* College of Engineering (Isa Town)
* College of Health Sciences
Other buildings
Aside from colleges; the university includes other buildings around the main Sakhir campus for different purposes:
* S37 – Admission & Registration
* S17 – The Department of English Language and Literature & the Students Council Center
* I14 – Engineering
* I15 – Engineering
* S18 – Exams Hall
* S20 – The English Language Center
* S47 – The IT & Science Library
* Swimming Pool (Physical Education)
* The Bahrain Credit Media Center
* Zain E-Learning Center
* The Confucius Institute for Chinese Language Courses
* The King Sejong Institute for Korean Language Courses
* Student & Teachers' Apartments
* Gulf University Society Center
* Printing Center
Academia
The university offers more than 102 academic programs, including 42 Bachelor programs, 39 Master's degrees, 10 PhDs and 11 associate diplomas. Credit hours vary between courses and degree level (126-135 credit hours for bachelor's degrees, for example). The university admits 15,000 students per annum, 80% of whom start in September. The university's admission criteria generally require a high school score of 70%, in addition to other criteria imposed by some colleges.
Research
Since 1986, more than 5,000 research papers and books were published by academics in the university, 80% of which was produced by the Colleges of Science and Engineering respectively. The university allocates US$11 million annually towards research and supports 38 full-time research personnel. More than 500 Masters thesis was published since the university's inception.
Reputation
The university consistently ranks as the first nationally, 23rd amongst Arab universities and 801-1000 internationally according to QS World University Rankings as of 2020.
Student life
The university has 30,317 registered students at the start of the 2014/15 academic year, more than 65% of whom are female. 10.5% of the student population are international students. There were an estimated 700 events and activities in the 2012–13 academic year. The university has a student council elected annually, with each constituent college electing a representative.
Notable alumni
* Salman Bin Ibrahim Al-Khalifa, President of the Asian Football Confederation
* Mohamed Ali Hasan Ali, Member of the Consultative Council
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WIKI
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MSEndpointMgr
Home » Automation » Staff Off-Boarding with Office 365
Staff Off-Boarding with Office 365
Over time in any environment the day will come around when the inevitable happens and staff leave. This happens due to lots of different reasons but there is often a question as to what to do with user accounts when this happens. This is particularly true in smaller companies with no set process for IT departments off-boarding staff.
In my own environment, I decided to set up a standard script which would work with Active Directory and Office 365 to achieve the following;
1. Connects to your local DC for active directory functions and Office 365 for mailbox functions
2. Disable the employee’s user account (verifies the user details before proceeding)
3. Stamp details on the disabled user account with the IT person who disabled the account for audit purposes
4. Move the disabled user account to a separate OU
5. Disable all forms of remote mail access (OWA, ActiveSync, POP, etc)
6. Set an Out of Office stating that the employee has left the company
7. Place the mailbox into Legal hold for data retention purposes
8. Hides the account from the GAL
9. Emails the former employee’s manager advising that the account has been disabled
The user account is then maintained for a period of 30 days before being deleted and thus returning any assigned Office 365 licenses to the pool etc.
This might help to give you some ideas about setting up your own scripting process for dealing with this issue.
Script;
<#
.NOTES
===========================================================================
Created with: SAPIEN Technologies, Inc., PowerShell Studio 2016 v5.2.128
Created on: 04/11/2016 21:00
Created by: Maurice Daly
Filename: DisableUserOffice365.ps1
===========================================================================
.DESCRIPTION
This script provides a standard off-boarding method for staff leaving
the company.
The script does the following;
1. Disables the specified user account
2. Updates the user description with the user who disabled the account
and the time/date when the account was disabled
3. Moves the account to the disabled user account OU (needs to exist)
4. Sets an out of office reply stating that the employee has left the company
5. Disables activesync, pop3, imap etc
6. Places mail account into legal hold for 7 years (requires Office 365 E3)
7. Hides the mail account from the GAL
8. Emails the former employee's manager advising that the account has been disabled
Version 1.0
Initial release
Use : This script is provided as it and I accept no responsibility for
any issues arising from its use.
Twitter : @modaly_it
Blog : https://modalyitblog.wordpress.com/
#>
Write-Host " **************** PLEASE ENTER ACTIVE DIRECTORY ADMIN CREDENTIALS **************** "
$Credential = Get-Credential -Credential "$env:USERDOMAIN\$env:USERNAME"
$DC = $env:LOGONSERVER.Substring(2)
#Initiate Remote PS Session to local DC
$ADPowerShell = New-PSSession -ComputerName $DC -Authentication Negotiate -Credential $Credential
# Import-Module ActiveDirectory
write-host "Importing Active Directory PowerShell Commandlets"
Invoke-Command -Session $ADPowerShell -scriptblock { import-module ActiveDirectory }
Import-PSSession -Session $ADPowerShell -Module ActiveDirectory -AllowClobber -ErrorAction Stop
# Retrieve AD Details
$ADDetails = Get-ADDomain
$Domain = $ADDetails.DNSRoot
Clear-Host
write-host "Importing Office 365 PowerShell Commandlets"
Write-Host -ForegroundColor White -BackgroundColor DarkBlue " **************** PLEASE ENTER OFFICE 365 ADMIN CREDENTIALS **************** "
$Office365Credential = Get-Credential
$Office365PowerShell = New-PSSession -ConfigurationName Microsoft.Exchange -ConnectionUri https://outlook.office365.com/powershell-liveid/ -Credential $Office365Credential -Authentication Basic -AllowRedirection
Import-PSSession $Office365PowerShell
Clear-Host
write-host " **************** Disable Active Directory User Account & Enable Out Of Office **************** "
write-host " "
# Get Variables
$DisabledDate = Get-Date
$LeaveDate = Get-Date -Format "dddd dd MMMM yyyy"
$DisabledBy = Get-ADUser "$env:username" -properties Mail
$DisabledByEmail = $DisabledBy.Mail
# Prompt for AD Username
$Employee = Read-Host "Employee Username"
$EmployeeDetails = Get-ADUser $Employee -properties *
If ($EmployeeDetails.Manager -ne $null)
{
$Manager = Get-ADUser $EmployeeDetails.Manager -Properties Mail
}
Clear-Host
# Prompt for confirmation
write-host " ******************************** CONFIRM USER DISABLE REQUEST ******************************** "
write-host " "
write-host -ForegroundColor Yellow "Please review the Employee details below to ensure you are disabling the correct user account."
$EmployeeDetails | fl Name, Title, Company, @{ Expression = { $_.mail }; Label = "Email Address" }, @{Expression = { $_.Created }; Label = "Employment Started"}
$choice = " "
while ($choice -notmatch "[y|n]")
{
$choice = read-host "Do you want to continue? (Y/N)"
}
# Actions
if ($choice -eq "y")
{
Clear-Host
write-host " ******************************** DISABLING USER ACCOUNT ******************************** "
write-host " "
write-host "Step1. Modifying user description for audit purposes" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Set-ADUser $Employee -Description "Disabled by $($DisabledBy.name) on $DisabledDate"
write-host "Step2. Disabling $Employee Active Directory Account." -ForegroundColor Yellow
Disable-ADAccount $Employee
write-host "Step3. Moving $Employee to the Disabled User Accounts OU." -ForegroundColor Yellow
write-host " "
Move-ADObject -Identity $EmployeeDetails.DistinguishedName -targetpath "OU=Disabled User Accounts,DC=YOURDOMAIN,DC=SUFFIX"
write-host "Waiting 5 seconds for AD & Exchange OU update to complete"
sleep -Seconds 5
write-host " "
write-host "Refreshing Employee Details for Exchange Modification."
write-host " "
Get-ADUser $Employee -Properties Description | Format-List Name, Enabled, Description
write-host "Step 4. Setting Exchange Out Of Office Auto-Responder." -ForegroundColor Yellow
Set-MailboxAutoReplyConfiguration -Identity $EmployeeDetails.Mail -AutoReplyState enabled -ExternalAudience all -InternalMessage "Please note that I no longer work for $($EmployeeDetails.company) as of $LeaveDate." -ExternalMessage "Please note that I no longer work for $($EmployeeDetails.company) as of $LeaveDate. Direct all correspondence to [email protected]"
Write-Host "Step 5. Disabling POP,IMAP, OWA and ActiveSync access for $User" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Set-CasMailbox -Identity $EmployeeDetails.mail -OWAEnabled $false -POPEnabled $false -ImapEnabled $false -ActiveSyncEnabled $false
Write-Host "Step 6. Placing mailbox $($EmployeeDetails.name) into Ligitgation hold for 7 years" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Set-Mailbox -Identity $EmployeeDetails.mail -LitigationHoldEnabled $true -LitigationHoldDuration 2555
Write-Host "Step 7. Hiding $($EmployeeDetails.name) from Global Address lists" -ForegroundColor Yellow
Set-ADUser -identity $Employee -add @{ msExchHideFromAddressLists = "True" }
Set-ADUser -instance $EmployeeDetails -whatif
If ($Manager.Mail -like "*@*")
{
Write-Host "Step 8. Sending Confirmation E-mail To Employee's Manager." -ForegroundColor Yellow
$msg = new-object Net.Mail.MailMessage
$smtp = new-object Net.Mail.SmtpClient("youroffice365mailserveraddress")
$msg.From = "[email protected]"
$msg.To.Add("$($Manager.Mail)")
$msg.subject = "IT Notification - Employee Leaver Confirmation"
$msg.body = "This email is confirm that $($EmployeeDetails.Name)'s account has been disabled. An out of office notification advising that $($EmployeeDetails.Name) has left the company has also been set. Note that the account will be deleted after 30 days."
$smtp.Send($msg)
}
}else{
write-host " "
write-host "Employee disable request cancelled" -ForegroundColor Yellow
}
(1992)
Maurice Daly
Maurice has been working in the IT industry for the past 20 years and currently working in the role of Senior Cloud Architect with CloudWay. With a focus on OS deployment through SCCM/MDT, group policies, active directory, virtualisation and office 365, Maurice has been a Windows Server MCSE since 2008 and was awarded Enterprise Mobility MVP in March 2017. Most recently his focus has been on automation of deployment tasks, creating and sharing PowerShell scripts and other content to help others streamline their deployment processes.
2 comments
• very interesting script. While AD commands auto-load for some reason, Exchange does not unless you are running PowerShell from an exchange server. Please describe how you configure your PowerShell to have access to exchange commands
• WHoops, I think I found it in the: “Import-PSSession $Office365PowerShell” line
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Ensoulment
If you read carefully...
The prohibitions and subsequent relaxation of the prohibitions do not change the theological fact that killing a human embyro is a sin. Why? Because it says that killing before the infusion of the spiritual soul was not a crime. Because if there is no soul, there is no human person. So if anything, the science was not yet up to the point, but the theology was. Now we have the means of seeing that at the instant of conception there is a radical change, in which the the individual cells of the parents stop being individual but rather something new, with its own dynamism. But this article really affirms things without some key citations.
NPOV
This page needs to either
* Make it clear that "ensoulment" is a Christian term
* Provide some context that isn't all from the bible (why?) (What gives you the right to determine what the source is or isn't from?)
Separate articles?
As Choster says, "many religions believe in souls", but the terminology, concepts and beliefs are different. I think it would help to compare and contrast the religious beliefs if there was a separate article on Ensoulment (Christianity) (as there was in the past) which linked to the nearest equivalent in other religions.--Nathan Cole 12:39, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
Question objectiveness and sources
This article appears to represent only the Christian / Catholic point of view. All of the cited links are from the Bible, Biblical sites, or the Roman Catholic church.
The following article, which I have not validated, shows different ideas of the time of ensoulment among different religions:. I will try to find evidence for my at this point completely unverified understanding that earlier in time, when child mortality was high, even the Catholic Church taught that ensoulment happened some days after birth.
In any case, the single-religion POV presented here makes me challenge the objectivity of this article.
Peter 14:50, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
Identical twins
Since identical twins form after conception, do they only have half a soul each? Atomic Wedgie 03:52, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
* Souls are indivisible. Either there are two already there or the second one is infused after the separation. Remember that spirits are not restricted by space, but rather exist where they act. Thus that old question: How many angels can fit on the point of a needle? All of them.
--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:35, 4 February 2010 (UTC)
Article of Dogma???
Presently, the Wiki entry states, "the Church teaches that ensoulment is at conception. This is taught as an article of dogma which is required belief by all its members." There is no source for this, and from what I know, it is simply false!! The 2003 New Catholic Encyclopedia has an entry ("Soul, origin of") which says, regarding "Time of Infusion," that "Exactly when this happens is more controversial, and still an open question with scholastic philosophers of high standing on both sides" (p 356). The NCE entry continues by pointing out that the CDF's Donum Vitae states, "The Magisterium has not expressly committed its authority to an affirmation of a philosophical nature" (I.1). The CDF would not withhold its affirmation on a matter which is, as the Wiki entry claims, "an article of dogma."
Furthermore, the Wiki entry states "The Roman Catholic Church has maintained as part of its dogma the writings of the early Church father, Tertullian (160–220 CE), who wrote..." This is nonsensical. "Tertullian" is "part of the [the Church's] dogma"?? A dogma is a solemnly defined and obligatory teaching, but as far as I know neither "Tertullian" (this is nonsensical), nor the entirety of his writings, are considered dogma. Sure, Tertullian's statement about ensoulment provides an early testimony to the predominant Catholic belief that this begins at conception, but to claim that this statement is somehow dogma? This whole part needs to be rewritten by someone who knows what "dogma" is.
According to the NCE, the present situation stands as follows: the CDF has put its weight on the position that ensoulment, and thus personhood, begin at conception, but it has not taught this. The majority view (which grew with the advent of the human genome) among Catholic theologians tends toward the moment of conception, but this is not a settled matter, and certainly not a dogma. Bpeters1 (talk) 19:44, 19 February 2009 (UTC)
* I was the one who added that paragraph. It was my understanding of the matter at the time, but I think you're right, it is in error. Please go ahead and fix it, if you know how. MamaGeek (talk/contrib) 12:56, 20 February 2009 (UTC)
Dignitas Personae
There ought to be an article on the declaration Dignitas Personae in order to better explain how the Church views living embryos. ADM (talk) 05:21, 10 March 2009 (UTC)
The position taken in Dignitatis Personae
The philosophical position taken in | Dignitatis Personae on the question of the value of a human being is found in ¶ 5:
Indeed, the reality of the human being for the entire span of life, both before and after birth, does not allow us to posit either a change in nature or a gradation in moral value, since it possesses full anthropological and ethical status. The human embryo has, therefore, from the very beginning, the dignity proper to a person.
Unfortunately, as a philosophical argument, this reasoning is circular. It is true that one cannot posit a change in value if the human being possesses full anthropological and ethical status from the moment of conception, but this if is the very conclusion desired, albeit expressed in different terms. It begs justification.
In any case, this paragraph makes no pretense to declaring a matter of settled dogma. The very reason the argument is couched in philosophical terms is because it is not a matter of settled dogma and the CDF recognizes the need to provide a justification for the main conclusion.
I make no suggestion here that there is no basis for a dogmatic declaration in favor of ensoulment at conception, nor do I believe there is no philosophical justification for this eminently desirable conclusion. On the contrary, I believe the scriptures cited are at least highly suggestive of the conclusion and I also believe that a legitimate philosophical argument, based in natural theology, is possible. Fr. Larry (talk) 19:26, 6 July 2009 (UTC)]
Essay not encyclopedic article
I believe this article violates Wikipedia's neutrality policy and is written in a way that is unsalvageable at this point. I recommend the placing a speedy deletion tag if this article falls under that policy.--Amadscientist (talk) 04:11, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
Bold copy edit
I am removing everything that makes an unsourced claim, all peacock terms and weasel words.--Amadscientist (talk) 04:15, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
Article is now a stub again
I editied out absolutely everything that did not have any relevence to the subject. After the OR, POV and unrelated Abortion information was removed....we are left with a simple stub. Let's keep this article encyclopedic please. Thanks--Amadscientist (talk) 05:03, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
* I think you were a little aggressive. "When it happens" is a perfectly encyclopedic topic, and the statement was sourced.
* It's also not a stub by Wikipedia's standards: it's at least Start-class and might meet C-class (since it has "structure" and eight references). WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:56, 20 July 2009 (UTC)
* I admit to bold editing. I would say the only thing that could have stood from my original copy edits was what you placed back in with the exception of the last line about the church which is un referenced and completely original research without a third party citation. It is an "Extraodinary claim" and requires referencing to stand. It may be possible to do so. I will leave it for now.
* Article size and rating can easily be changed if you feel strongly about it and I can live with what you decide, but there may be others who disagree.
* I will look at what you put back in to see what prompted me to remove it before.--Amadscientist (talk) 19:39, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* OK, I trimmed off what I had originaly seen wrong. The first sentence from the removed section is "Different people believe that ensoulment during fetal development happens at different times." is a litle unecyclopedic in that it is a given. The article does not need to state the obviouse. The first sentence in the lead states this as does the following sentence in an encyclopedic tone.--Amadscientist (talk) 19:48, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* Actually, per WP:OBVIOUS, that's exactly the kind of statement we should be making, but I'm willing to agree that it's somewhat redundant.
* I don't understand the 'extraordinary claim' issue: How can "Here's the name of the most recent official statement by this organization" an 'extraordinary' claim?
* Do you think that this official document presents something that is somehow not the official view? Or that the most recent official pronouncement on the subject is somehow less likely to contain the modern views of said organization than statements made hundreds of years ago? WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:51, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
Your quick! I was explaining the last part and when I hit there was an edit conflict. So let me look where we are in the discussion and reply.--Amadscientist (talk) 19:54, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* WP:OBVIOUS says "State facts that may be obvious to you, but are not necessarily obvious to the reader." Like when refering to a make of a car be sure to point out that it is a car.
What I meant was, that in articles about controversies, it is not necessary to state that "Some people believe one thing and others believe another", when that is a given by the nature of the prose. In other words, don't comment on the facts. It becomes a narrative which is essayish and unencyclopedic. I will comment about your other question below.--Amadscientist (talk) 20:03, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* First of all, let me thank you for such as civil discussion. I commend you for your ability to interact this way even though I am sure you do not fully agree with me.
* The section I refer to about making an extraordinary claim is this one. "The official views of the modern Roman Catholic Church on the dignity and humanity of embryos are found in the 2008 declaration Dignities Personae, which gives a number of responses in moral theology and bioethics." This makes a claim "Extraordinary" by the fact that it is controversial and the way it states certain facts. Such as the "Official views", as well as the terms "dignity and humanity" which places the claim directly on to an organizations back with out a reference. Here is how this should be done. First, the section should explain how it is official with an in line citation and an actual Quote from the document used as an illustrative reference to just show that the document does state this. That way, if the terms Dignity and humanity are used in the document it is justifiable to use in the section. Or.....find a single third party reference that says all of this about the documentation and be sure the wording is supported correctly by the source and just add one reference.--Amadscientist (talk) 20:18, 21 July 2009 (UTC)
* Did you read the linked Wikipedia article about the document in question?
* I'm not really good with Latin, but the title alone seems to address the "dignity" and "humanity" aspects (it translates as something like "Human Dignity").
* Are you familiar with the Roman Catholic Church's system for making pronouncements? I believe that instructions issued by the "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith" are as official and binding as you can get. It's not like Buddhism, where you pick your own canon, or Islam, where only your personally preferred imam's pronouncements are relevant. (Of course, someone over at WP:CATHOLIC might know more about this than I do.)
* That their view is True™ is indeed an extraordinary claim, but the mere fact that they have a view, and that this view was expressed in the named document, is a trivial claim. To say otherwise is like saying that the statement made by an official company spokesman during a formal press conference is not the offical view of the company. WhatamIdoing (talk) 02:46, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
Deleted content
This article used to have a lot more useful content in it. It looks like most of it was deleted by "Amadscientist", trying to bias the article. Please ban them from editing and restore the content. Quote from Augustine was removed, quotes from the Bible were removed, etc. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:54, 11 January 2010 (UTC)
Deleted content 2
I have removed a large chunk of text added twice by an anonymous editor. I believe the anonymous editor can probably contribute a lot to this article, but I want to encourage the editor to work within out guidelines, and attempt to write an encyclopedia article. A long list of what early Church Fathers had to say about abortion is not encyclopedic. That content can be condenses and summarized, and key quotes can be used, but this isn't WikiQuote, and such large blocks of quotes breaks up the flow of text and isn't within out style guidelines (in addition to having basic formatting errors and looking terrible on screen). Also, keep in mind that we generally cannot cite primary sources like ancient texts directly, but need to cite scholars discussing those sources. So instead of citing a Church Father directly and claiming that passage relates to ensoulment, we need to find scholars making those claims to avoid original interpretation of ancient texts and such. I really do believe anon can contribute, and I want to encourage them to keep working, but please consider Wikipedia's mission of being an encyclopedia, read up on our rules and style guide, and consider how you can contribute. I'd be glad to help where I can if you have questions. -Andrew c [talk] 15:21, 13 May 2010 (UTC)
Judaism
Here's the content on Judaism that I removed from the article:
The Talmud, in chapter 11 of the tractate Sanhedrin, records a purported conversation in which the Stoic Marcus Aurelius convinced Judah the Prince that the soul comes into the body at conception.
http://caae.phil.cmu.edu/Cavalier/Forum/abortion/background/judaism1.html#IV http://www.myjewishlearning.com/beliefs/Issues/Bioethics/Abortion/Fetus_in_Jewish_Law/Soul.shtml
The inclusion of only the extreme minority view (ie. that in Judaism, the soul enters at conception) raises WP:NPOV concerns. I suggest that users wishing to include information on Judaism draft, on the talkpage perhaps, a section that gives due weight to views as represented in reliable sources. –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 22:44, 1 December 2011 (UTC)
* Would Roscelese please indicate what is the WP:NPOV issue she claims to find in the detailed work that she has now reverted (not the skeleton and inaccurate content that, the day before yesterday, she referred to above). What she has now reverted said that views on ensoulment within Judaism varied, that some said it happened at birth, others at formation of the embryo, others at conception, others even before conception; that they formulated no fully developed theory about when ensoulment occurred. What, the day before yesterday, she called "the extreme minority view" is only one of those mentioned. I doubt if she could cite even one reliable source that describes as an extreme minority view the view that she so strongly dislikes, and which is not the only view indicated in the work she has now deleted. There seems to be no justification for her deletion of sourced information about the different views held in Judaism. Esoglou (talk) 09:36, 3 December 2011 (UTC)
* Two paragraphs on one individual's view that ensoulment occurred at conception, one paragraph (sourced to Christian student work, which in this context is unacceptable) on how it occurred before, and a throwaway mention in the last paragraph about how there wasn't actually any consensus and how rabbis didn't actually describe the embryo as having a soul? You don't see the problem with this? –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 17:45, 3 December 2011 (UTC)
* Don't you know the importance that the Talmud holds in Judaism? Paragraphs 1 and 2 give the view recorded in the Talmud about ensoulment at conception. Paragraph 1 also gives the view that ensoulment occurs at formation of the embryo, also in the Talmud. Paragraph 2 also gives the view that ensoulment occurs at birth (which, you surely know, was also the view of the Stoics, a prominent proponent of which philosophy was Marcus Aurelius, wrongly given in the first deletion as the famous rabbi's interlocutor who argued for ensoulment at conception), a view also registered in the Talmud as a variant of the same story (elsewhere, I think, not as a variant of manuscripts of the same passage). That's already three Jewish views in the first two paragraphs. Paragraph 3 gives a fourth view (ensoulment even before conception) presented in a Jewish writing not as authoritative as the Talmud, but nonetheless a well-known Jewish document, which has merited an article about it in Wikipedia. That's four views in Judaism. The well-known document itself states this fourth view. The writer whom you call a "student" (are you sure that candidates for a Ph.D. are suitably referred to by that description, which I thought was appropriate only for candidates for lowlier degrees than that?) takes note of the view given in the well-known document, but you surely don't think that he adopts it as his own view. He merely reports it as given in the document, and only confirms what we ourselves can see by looking up the document. Paragraph 4 does not seem to give any new view. First it cites Schiff (surely a reliable source) who says that Jewish rabbinic lore (that of quite a lot of rabbis, not just one) builds on the at-conception view (the already mentioned view that for some undisclosed reason you call not just an extreme minority view, but even the extreme minority view!). Then it gives the Steinberg statement that the rabbis generally deny the description "nefesh" to the fetus still in the womb, like the already mentioned at-birth view. Then it quotes Schiff again, who explicitly says the rabbis formulated no fully developed theory on the matter, surely a pertinent authoritative remark. This is followed by a remark by another writer who says much the same thing as Schiff and whose statement, even if you could prove your claim of unreliability (which you can't), could be omitted without invalidating the whole section that you have nevertheless unjustifiably deleted. You can't possibly describe the remarks by Schiff and the other source as "throwaway mentions" or statements about rabbis not describing the embryo as having a soul. Were you referring to the statement by Steinberg? The statement was about the fetus before birth not being considered to be a "nefesh" (נפש) - not a question of having or not having a soul. No throwaway statement that. If you think Steinberg is not enough, I promise to cite for you others who say the same thing.
* Would you now be so good as to reveal at last what you consider to be the majority view in Judaism on the moment of ensoulment, and that you say is obscured in the text that you have deleted? Is it a fifth view different from the four given in the text you deleted? And since you object to some "throwaway mention .. about how there wasn't actually any consensus", would you please indicate 1) what is the view in Judaism on ensoulment on which you claim there is consensus; and 2) what is the basis of your claim that there is consensus on that particular view? If you know (if you knew?) some view to be the consenssus view on the matter, it seems strange that you don't just put it in Wikipedia, instead of deleting the work of others. Esoglou (talk) 10:21, 4 December 2011 (UTC)
* I hope I am not being too bold in interpreting silence as consent to restoring the deleted text. Esoglou (talk) 20:20, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
* Yes, you are. Not everyone has time to spend their entire day on Wikipedia looking up sources and writing responses for users who have repeatedly demonstrated a lack of comprehension of Wikipedia policies, because some people have lives and jobs. I assure you, you will see my response, with sources, when it is finished. –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 20:40, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
* I was mistaken, then, in thinking that you would indicate what you believe to be the majority view in Judaism on ensoulment and the reason you thought the view given most prominence in the Talmud was the minority view in Judaism. I am too tired after being out all day to make any comment other than that, so I just await the result of your work. Take your time. I am in no hurry. Esoglou (talk) 20:48, 5 December 2011 (UTC)
Response and summary of sources
Firstly, I can't decide whether to be annoyed or amused at the remark that I'm unfamiliar with the Talmud. Only someone to whom Jewish tradition is completely alien could suggest that the Talmud is a unified document representing a monolithic Jewish view. Secondly, sources (note that there are some pages I can't view online, so I hope that if you can see them, you'll tell me in the unlikely case that they say something radically different): There's more of Schiff, and there are plenty of other sources that I found when I did my own search, but it really isn't worth going on because this more than demonstrates that what you wrote was completely undue. See how different everything is when you don't cherrypick pages and sources to suit your own personal opinions? –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 01:16, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
* Schiff:
* 6: nefesh is the linchpin of the whole debate
* 9-11: fetus not a nefesh per Exodus
* 15: in Septuagint, "formation" is important
* 17: ditto Philo
* 23: both Palestinian and Alexandrian schools recognize formation
* subsequent pages reiterate repeatedly that the fetus is not a nefesh
* 42-43: rabbis "gave credence" to ensoulment at conception, but issues were largely "speculative pursuit"; part about Antoninus and Rabbi (Schiff notes, however, that because the pair also concluded that the evil inclination is given at birth, it is unlikely that they meant the same by "soul" as we think when referring to conception)
* 43: some discussions (mostly in midrash and Mishnah, but also in Talmud) seem to suggest (this is Schiff's interpretation) pre-birth ensoulment, but no theory of ensoulment ever developed
* 43: Abulafia interprets Rabbi's position as ensoulment at conception, but also says the fetus is not a nefesh until birth
* 59: Rashi says the fetus is not a nefesh
* 88: Moses Schorr, not a nefesh
* 105: Shneur Zalman Fradkin, still not a nefesh
* Lin is unacceptable. We have piles of actual scholarship on this subject; we do not use evangelical student work simply because it supports our views.
* Falk is also not a scholarly work and is unacceptable.
* I'm glad that you seem to agree that it is the general view in Judaism that the not yet born fetus is not a nefesh. You remember that I promised, if you disagreed with that statement, to cite for you others than Steinberg who say the same thing.
* Earlier, I thought you objected to the idea that some rabbis held that a fetus did not have a soul ("a throwaway mention in the last paragraph about ... how rabbis didn't actually describe the embryo as having a soul"). Am I right in thinking that now, on the contrary, you think that the rabbis who said the fetus was not a nefesh were saying that the fetus does not have a soul? I leave aside the question whether that interpretation would be classified as a wiki-excluded synthesis. I just wonder if it means that you accept that one opinion in Judaism on ensoulment is that it occurs at birth, one of the opinions mentioned in the text that you deleted. In that case, we have another point on which we agree.
* Since you too deny that "the Talmud is a unified document representing a monolithic Jewish view", perhaps we agree also that the Talmud can be cited for more than one Judaic view on ensoulment. Do we agree therefore that there is more than one Jewish view on ensoulment?
* Can we agree that the Talmud is a reliable source for what it gives as a Jewish view on ensoulment? If we disagree, I suppose we shall have to put that question on the Reliable Sources Noticeboard.
* Is your mysterious "majority view" the at-birth view of ensoulment? Is this the view on which you say there is (the equally mysterious) "consensus"? Or is your "majority view" the at-formation view of ensoulment, for which you cite the (Greek) Septuagint and (Greek-speaking) Philo? You admit also that rabbis gave credence to the at-conception view of ensoulment, a credence that was of course speculative, since they were not drawing any practical conclusions from it. So why not restore these three views to the article, while we await the revealing of the "majority view" and the "consensus" on it? If we agree that these view are found in Judaism, editors can at leisure add better sources than those already cited.
* Is it possible that your difficulty is that you, unlike the rabbis, are drawing practical conclusions from the various views that the rabbis held? From views of ensoulment, are you, unlike them, drawing conclusions about whether aborting a fetus is licit or not, and is that why you seem reluctant to accept the evidence that Judaism knows more than one view on ensoulment? Esoglou (talk) 08:25, 6 December 2011 (UTC)
* Your section was written to promote the view that Judaism places ensoulment at conception, which reflects in no way the history or the balance of Jewish views. Nefesh as soul is in Schiff, it's not my own translation. No, the Talmud is a primary source, we have to use secondary sources. "Majority view" and "consensus" are your words, not mine; there doesn't have to be a majority in favor of a different view for the conception view to nonetheless be an extreme minority, as demonstrated without even going through all of one book. –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 10:18, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
* You leave me no choice but to contradict you flatly. I did not write the section "to promote the view that Judaism places ensoulment at conception". I presented no less than four different Judaic views on the question. And you deleted them. Nefesh as "soul" was given in what I wrote: "Most of [the rabbis] did not apply the word nefesh, 'meaning soul or person', to a fetus still in the womb" (bolding added). And you deleted it. As Fifelfoo said, something like the Talmud can be quoted if accompanied by a commentary, which can easily be supplied from sources like Schiff. And you deleted it. The distinction between some unspecified majority view and what you call "the extreme minority view" is yours not mine. The claim that my text denied the existence of a "consensus" is yours also. Esoglou (talk) 10:43, 7 December 2011 (UTC)
* I'm trying again, adding a few sources that quote the Talmud (and so prove that it says what it says) and a reliable source that mentions yet another Jewish view: that ensoulment occurs when the child first responds "Amen". Esoglou (talk) 21:37, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
* Ack, I thought I'd responded to your earlier comment! Sorry. Anyway, the new section is an improvement on the other one, but that's not saying much; it still gives way more weight to the conception view than the scholarly literature does, and still cites the unreliable sources, so it will have to be edited to give the various views weight according to their prevalence in the literature. I'll try to get to that some time or another. –Roscelese (talk ⋅ contribs) 21:47, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
* Thank you. I'm quite happy with that plan of yours. Esoglou (talk) 21:55, 12 December 2011 (UTC)
Variety of views among Jews even today
I will for now refrain from making further edits to this article. I will only leave an indication of my disagreement with the systematic removal of sourced information about the Jewish view that wasting seed is considered in the Talmud to be equivalent to murder, and about the explanation that the Talmud's judgement on it as punishable by death "was not out of a radical puritanism in the Jewish religion. The punishment was simply a particular response to the universal problem, as inevitable as it is insoluble, of establishing the precise moment when life begins. If we can turn abortion into murder by declaring that an embryo is alive, and then if we push that originating instant back a few hours and declare that the sperm is alive, any waste of sperm becomes homicide." Esoglou (talk) 19:21, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
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Citation needed
Relation to citation 21 ( Stem cells, human embryos and ethics: interdisciplinary perspectives: Lars Østnor, Springer 2008), the text in the book (at page 105) is: "Augustine presaged the predominant view when he argued that an unformed fetus had no soul and no sentience (Noonan 1970:15–16). His view was accepted by Thomas Aquinas and by most theologians through at least the 18th century (Noonan 1970:34–36)." confirming what the editor of this part of the article has written. Greetings, Ricardo Ferreira de Oliveira (talk) 14:09, 28 December 2018 (UTC)
Not “official”
Is the CCC an official documentation of Church teaching? One source claims that life at conception is not offficial is there other sources to back this up? Thoughts?Manabimasu (talk) 01:58, 14 June 2019 (UTC)
Please clarify the intro paragraph
This is not clear as to what is meant. Please rewrite, and add clear, universal, English punctuation: "In religion, ensoulment is the moment at which a human being gains a soul. Some religions say that a soul is newly created within a developing child and others, especially in religions that believe in reincarnation, that the soul is pre-existing and added at a particular stage of development." Misty MH (talk) 18:42, 31 January 2021 (UTC)
No Mention of 40 day entre of soul into foetus in Aristotle's On The Soul as Per the reference in this article
I have just flipped through Aristotle's On The Generation of Animals and it doesn't have anything that mentions the soul enters the foetus around 40 days, as per the claim of quickening in this article. Neither is this mentioned in On The Soul, which reference 7 in the article maintains is the case.
This article has the following claim on Aristotle
"Aristotle believed a fetus in early gestation has the soul of a vegetable, then of an animal, and only later became "animated" with a human soul by "ensoulment". For him, ensoulment occurred 40 days after conception for male fetuses and 90 days after conception for female fetuses
, the stage at which, it was held, movement is first felt within the womb and pregnancy was certain. This is called epigenesis,"
There is no mention of the term epigenesis in either Aristotle's On The Soul and On The Generation Of Animals.
I also flipped through Aristotle's On The Soul, and no mention of the 40 day entre of the soul into the foetus.
Perhaps, it is in another work of Aristotle's.
I did find the following:
On the generation of animals by Aristotle p32 Part 23 "For at first all such embryo seem to live the life of a plant. And it is clear that we must be guided by this i speaking of the sensitive and the rational soul. For all three kinds of soul, not only the nutritive, must be possessed potentially before they are possessed in actuality. Ant it is necessary either (1) that they should all come into being in the embryo without existing previsouly outside it, or (2) that they should exist previously . or (3) that some should so exist and others not". ... embryo and semen have soul in potentiality but not actually. (p33) part 23 Endo999 (talk) 05:17, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
I have consulted the Stanford University philosophy website. It says about Aristotle
Aristotelians followed Aristotle and without much further study of embryos interpreted development, including human development, as gradual and epigenetic. Tradtional Catholicism agreed. St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas both held that hominization, or the coming into being of the human, occurs only gradually. Quickening was thought to occur around 40 days, and to be the point at which the merely animal mix of material fluids was ensouled. Until 1859, when Pope Pius IX decreed that life begins at “conception,” the Church was epigenetic along with the Aristotelians [see Maienschein 2003].
Thus the article does not say that Aristotle himself developed the theory of Quickening (that the soul enters the foetus after 40 days) but that Augustine and Aquinas named the date as 40 days. However, in the article it is claimed that Aristotle gave the date as 40 days, which is false.
Endo999 (talk) 05:34, 29 September 2023 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Madame Xanadu
Madame Xanadu is a comic book mystic published by DC Comics. The character is identified with Nimue, the sorceress from Arthurian mythology made popular by Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur.
The character was played by Jeryl Prescott in the television series Swamp Thing.
Publication history
Madame Xanadu debuted in Doorway to Nightmare #1 (February 1978). The character was designed by cover artist Michael William Kaluta at the request of editor Joe Orlando, based on Kaluta's unnamed host character (later known as Charity in the pages of Starman) from the DC Comics mystery title Forbidden Tales of Dark Mansion (seen only on that title's indicia page) and the person of Cathy Ann Thiele. The original storyline was developed by writer David Michelinie.
Doorway to Nightmare, introduced in 1978, was the last of the DC "Mystery" line of titles in the 1970s that became the forerunner of Vertigo. It did not have a consistent creative team - the intent was to create writer-artist pairings that had never occurred before, except for the cover art of Michael William Kaluta. Madame Xanadu, the star of the series, was not a host but an active participant, albeit never the main character in her stories. The Phantom Stranger was criticized heavily in letter columns for taking a similar approach. The Doorway to Nightmare strip lasted for ten issues: five in its own series, four in The Unexpected issues #190, #192, #194 and #195, and one issue of Madame Xanadu, which was DC's second direct sales only comic. Madame Xanadu was the first DC Comics publication exclusive to the direct market but the second overall due to a Superboy Spectacular release a year earlier. As explained by Paul Levitz: "In a further effort to find new distribution, a Superboy Spectacular was produced for Random House's in-school book club program and offered to comic shops but not newsstands". The first issue of Madame Xanadu bore little difference from an issue of Doorway to Nightmare. There were several requests to reprint it in letter columns of The Spectre, but they were refused because that issue gave little background as to her character, although it did introduce Ishtar to the DC Universe, who dated Destruction.
Madame Xanadu was a regular supporting cast member in volumes 2 and 3 of The Spectre, those versions written by Doug Moench (31 issues, 1987–1989) and John Ostrander (62 issues, 1993–1998).
A Madame Xanadu ongoing series from Vertigo was announced at the 2007 San Diego Comic Con and started in 2008. It was written by Matt Wagner, with art by Amy Reeder Hadley. The series also featured art stints by Kaluta, Joëlle Jones, Marley Zarcone, Laurenn McCubbin, Chrissie Zullo, Celia Calle, and Marian Churchland. The series was concluded after 29 issues, the final one dated January 2011. The series dealt with Madame Xanadu's early life from Arthurian times until the 1960s. Starting with issue #9, the book coincided with the events of the Golden Age DC Universe.
Story structure
The Doorway to Nightmare stories were typically structured around a protagonist stumbling upon Madame Xanadu's shop (stated to be on "Christy Street" in the East Village) (changed to Greenwich Village in The Unexpected #192) and deciding to enter. She (usually) or he would tell a story of romance that was frustrated by an outside element. Xanadu, through a tarot reading, always determined this element to be of an occult nature, then sent the protagonist to do some task in which she would intervene with the use of her powers. Upon concluding the story, the occult element would wind up in a mason jar in her back room. In the first issue, she apparently became trapped in a burning building. The central couple returns to her shop for nostalgia's sake and discovers her to be quite alive. This was a hint at the extent of her powers. The primary variation in the stories was what the occult threat actually was, be it demonic forces, Asian mummies, vampires, incubi, or other supernatural threats. In one story, she fought Azazel, but he looked nothing like in The Sandman.
When the title was moved from its own series to a revamped, 68 page and ad-free version of The Unexpected (the stories were actually expanded from 17 to 22 pages with the move, part of the DC Implosion), she was shown to be friendly with Abel in the inside front covers, which may or may not have been in continuity. She never met Abel in an actual story until DC Special Series #21, when she and the Phantom Stranger arrive at the House of Mystery with Christmas presents.
Origin
Madame Xanadu's origins were explored in the first few arcs of her Vertigo series. According to these stories, her full name was once Nimue Inwudu and she is the youngest sister of Morgana (to become Morgaine Le Fay) and Vivienne, the Lady of the Lake. The sisters are descendants of the Elder Folk, survivors of Atlantis who evolved into the race known as the Homo magi.
Xanadu is the same Nimue who casts an imprisoning spell on her former lover Merlin, blaming him for manipulating Camelot and the course of history for his own gain. Merlin has the last laugh, though, as he succeeds in stripping her magic away from her, forcing her to use potions to maintain her immortality. The mysterious Phantom Stranger influences her betrayal of Merlin and the two continue to meet throughout the centuries, sharing an ambivalent relationship. Shortly after this, either she or the Lady of the Lake (regardless, called "Nimue") bore a son to Kon-Sten-Tyne, an ancestor of John Constantine. The child was left with Kon-Sten-Tyne, who sacrificed the boy as a teenager to Eve.
Nimue wanders around the world for some time, becoming an advisor to many great rulers. She spends time in Kublai Khan's court at Xanadu, leading to her assumed name of "Madame Xanadu". While at the court, she came into contact with a mystical artifact, resulting in some of her magical powers returning to her. Again she meets the Phantom Stranger. It does not go as expected, for she learns the Stranger walks outside of the timestream. During the French Revolution, she attempts to advise Marie Antoinette. During this era, she is able to regain her immortality by besting Death in a card game. Other incidents in her long years of life include a doomed lesbian love affair during the Spanish Inquisition.
In the 1940s, she has a sexual relationship with John Zatara, who wishes to marry her, but she foresees his true love, and the later existence of his daughter, Zatanna, "a love with whom she could never compete". Despite this, she uses Zatara to trap and ensnare the Phantom Stranger, preventing him from witnessing, and affecting, the supernatural origins of the Spectre. This, in turn, prevents Madame Xanadu from interfering, despite having foreseen the potential menace the unchecked Spectre would have brought on Earth. It is revealed that Xanadu's later behavior stems from this earlier fault, her magic parlor being devised as a way to control the supernatural being, ultimately hoping to restrain and quell his rage.
Eventually, Xanadu decides that she wants to atone for her sins and begins operating the fortune-telling parlor out of "the Village". She, however, possesses limited real magic abilities of her own, but her mastery of the mystic arts has led her to manipulate various forces to gain great power. Having developed herself as an advisor, she now meets clientele plagued by supernatural problems. Although she can advise them, some force prevents her from directly interfering in solving their troubles. If one of her clients manages to conquer a supernatural force, she can contain that entity in jars within her fortune parlor to prevent it from causing any further trouble.
Later history
When the Spectre is destroyed by the Anti-Monitor, Xanadu performs a magic ritual that brings him back to existence. From that day forward she acts as the Spectre's spiritual advisor while he is bound to the soul of Jim Corrigan. At first, Xanadu tries to lead Corrigan astray to use the Spectre-Force for her own agendas. She is depicted in a nude love scene with the Spectre in the form of mist, although readers in the letters column did not find this clear and Xanadu's nudity gratuitous. Subsequent issues made clear that this was a romantic relationship, but no more nudity was used.
Over the course of their affiliation however, a strange form of friendship grows between Corrigan and Madame Xanadu. Over time, she is instrumental in ensuring the safety of Corrigan's soul, stopping the various rampages of the Spectre, and ultimately shows up at Jim Corrigan's funeral not as an advisor or enemy, but as his friend. She even sheds a tear as Jim Corrigan's soul leaves the mortal plane to go to Heaven.
She is also consulted by the Suicide Squad about the increasing difficulty of dealing with Enchantress. She provides the Squad with a ring and necklace that can harm the Enchantress if she tries to use her powers against the ring-bearers' wishes.
Madame Xanadu also gives Timothy Hunter a reading, helping him along his path as an emerging sorcerer. She also confronts Tim's companion John Constantine, whom she believes stole a magic artifact called the Wind's Egg from her.
Although Xanadu, among others, has no great love for or trust in the Phantom Stranger, she is a member of the Sentinels of Magic, a loose group of mages and mystics that are called upon to thwart Asmodel's uprising in Hell. Nonetheless, she prefers to operate alone and is one of the few heroes who outright refuses to ally herself with the Stranger.
To gain more power, Xanadu bartered her soul to the demon Neron, who gave her three loyal demons named Bathopet, Maw and Atopeh to do her commands. At first, the demons responded to her every whim and almost raged out of her control. Over time, as she controlled her own emotions, she became able to control the demons as well.
Day of Vengeance
In Day of Vengeance #2, an Infinite Crisis tie-in, the Spectre, then unstable and believing that magic equaled evil, disabled Madame Xanadu and took her eyes.
In the Day of Vengeance special it is revealed that Xanadu is still blind. She has regrown her eyes 14 times, only for them to be burned out again, because the Spectre's powers are beyond hers. However, Xanadu's abode would be the rallying point of the offense against the Spectre, gathering the Phantom Stranger, Zatanna, and Nabu.
Xanadu has also found a way around the Spectre's curse by training an adept, Daena, to read the cards for her. Through Daena, she sees the destruction of the world with the Spectre winning and destroying everything. It is at her place that Nabu begins his offense against the Spectre as well as the strategy for restoring the Rock of Eternity.
One Year Later
Madame Xanadu's standing in the new magic order has yet to be explored in detail, but it is known that she is still trying to cure her blindness. She assists the Shadowpact when members of their team were temporarily blinded by the mystical powers of the villains known as 'the Congregation'. It is the mystical aspect that allows her to help, though some of the group are able to heal the blindness on their own.
Madame Xanadu appears in Countdown #50, operating out of "Hokus & Pokus Occult Curiosities" in Greenwich Village. She is unable to help Mary Marvel locate Captain Marvel Jr. She does advise Mary to avoid Gotham City, because "it isn't safe for magic".
The New 52
In The New 52, Madame Xanadu has resurfaced as the result of Barry Allen's unintentional tampering with the timestream and the merging of the Vertigo, WildStorm and DC Universes.
In the new continuity, Xanadu is no longer blind and despite her past as Nimue still applying, she seems to have taken a more proactive stance during the Fall of Camelot. Instead of quietly observing like she did in her core miniseries, she staunchly opposed the surrendering of Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake, and then started traveling with Jason Blood, meeting other Dark Ages-based heroes and villains as Vandal Savage and the Shining Knight. Furthermore, the Dark Ages Xanadu is seen in a relationship with both Etrigan and Jason Blood, each one believing she was humoring the other for the sake of their forced merging.
The present-day Madame Xanadu is featured in the DC Universe reboot, in Justice League Dark, resuming her role as the keystone and supporter of the magical community in the DCU. Xanadu assists the 'Dark League' in various incidents, such as Zatanna vanishing and the House of Mystery letting loose demonic threats in Manhattan. She is at length revealed to be the mother of the supervillain Doctor Destiny.
National Comics, a revival of the anthology title, was launched in July 2012. The title expanded upon the New 52 universe by presenting single-issue stories about different DC characters, each by a different creative team. This includes Madame X #1 by Rob Williams and drawn by Trevor Hairsine and Fiona Staples.
Dawn of DC
In the pages of "The New Golden Age", Deadman and Detective Chimp brought the snow globe that was with the Huntress from an alternate future to her to get a reading off of it. It spouts cryptic information regarding Eclipso, Green Lantern helping Red Lantern, Sandman's nightmare wearing a mask, Flash finding joy again, and an advisory about Salem the Witch Girl. Afterwards, Xanadu advises Deadman and Detective Chimp to get the snow globe back to Huntress as Per Degaton will kill her if she doesn't have it with her. After Per Degaton is repelled, Xanadu appears at the Justice Society of America's headquarters with Deadman and Detective Chimp. She states that Per Degaton has made a deal with the Last Lord of Chaos and that he must be imprisoned soon or else the Justice Society of America will be erased. When asked by Green Lantern about Per Degaton's plot, Xanadu claims that he is planning on replacing the Justice Society of America with a "society of his own". Madame Xanadu, Deadman, and Detective Chimp accompany the JSA in catching up to Huntress who had met up with Batman. She explains that the snow globe is what's keeping Huntress alive and it's the same one containing the Flashpoint reality that Batman stole from the Time Masters. During an attack by Per Degaton and the versions of him throughout time, Madame Xanadu's head was briefly grabbed by Per Degaton as she has a vision of Per Degaton and his different versions around their version of the JSA table, killing the Justice League, and killing the Legion of Super-Heroes.
Appearance
She has the appearance of a stereotypical Romani fortune teller who wears dangly earrings and various purple dresses.
Powers and abilities
Madame Xanadu has a supernatural sensitivity to occult activities and mystic phenomena. She uses tarot cards to interpret what she senses, and is also able to tell the future of others. Xanadu can levitate objects, teleport herself, and banish demons. Xanadu's parlor is full of magical books and objects, as well as jars containing the essences of malevolent entities. She rarely uses these objects of power, merely acting as a guardian of them.
Xanadu is immortal, never aging and unable to die of natural causes thanks to her deal with Death. In the 2005 story Day of Vengeance, not even the Spectre could kill her, and instead blinded her to make her harmless.
Flashpoint
In the alternate timeline of Flashpoint, Madame Xanadu is still a fortune-teller. Traci Thirteen teleported to where Xanadu is located and discovers that she is dying. Before dying, Xanadu tells her to stop the instigated Doctor Thirteen.
Tangent Comics
In the Tangent Comics series Joker's Wild, a character named Madame Xanadu is one of three women who masquerade as Tangent's heroic version of the Joker.
Television
* Madame Xanadu appears in the Young Justice episode "Denial", voiced by Cree Summer. This version is a New Orleans-based con artist who uses sleight of hand tricks to swindle customers. After witnessing Abra Kadabra abducting Kent Nelson, Xanadu is inspired to begin practicing actual magic.
* Madame Xanadu appears in Swamp Thing, portrayed by Jeryl Prescott. She first appears in the episode "Worlds Apart", where she advises Maria Sunderland not to go after her daughter's spirit. Then Xanadu senses a disturbance between the light and the dark and begs Maria to put her regrets to rest. In the episode "He Speaks", Xanadu is visited by Daniel Cassidy who asks when it would be the right time to leave Marais. She reads that her cards are still the same, but a change is coming. In "Darkness on the Edge of Town", Xanadu feels that a storm is approaching Marais. In "Loose Ends", Madame Xanadu visits Maria at the asylum where she gives Maria closure at the cost of her sanity.
* A television series adaptation of Madame Xanadu, set in the DC Extended Universe, was in development by 2021, before ultimately being cancelled in the following year.
Film
* Madame Xanadu was going to be featured in Guillermo del Toro's adaptation of the Justice League Dark comics.
Video games
* Madame Xanadu's Magic Shop appears in DC Universe Online. This version is located in Metropolis' Chinatown.
Collected editions
* Madame Xanadu Vol. 1 Disenchanted (240 pages, collects Madame Xanadu #1-10)
* Madame Xanadu Vol. 2 Exodus Noir (128 pages, collects Madame Xanadu #11-15)
* Madame Xanadu Vol. 3 Broken House of Cards (200 pages, collects Madame Xanadu #16-21)
* Madame Xanadu Vol. 4 Extra-Sensory (collects Madame Xanadu #22-29)
Awards
* Madame Xanadu vol. 2 was nominated for a number of 2009 Eisner Awards: "Best New Series", "Best Penciller/Inker or Penciller/Inker Team" (Amy Reeder Hadley and inker Richard Friend) and "Best Cover Artist" (Hadley).
* Eisner Award 2010 Nominee: "Best Penciller/Inker or Penciller/Inker Team" (Michael Kaluta), Madame Xanadu #11–15: "Exodus Noir" (Vertigo/DC).
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WIKI
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Talk:Alan Brinkley
Self-Citation
It's been noted that Alan Brinkley cites himself in many books. I don't know if there is any documented controversy over this, but many people in my class argue it frequently. It's not something that's considered unacceptable however, in fact it usually shows that you have expertise in the subject, having written about it before. Should that section stay, or should more be written about it? —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:11, 7 November 2008 (UTC)
* I'm striking this as a first step to deletion until poster provides evidence of claim aside from "it's been noted". Briholt (talk) 17:22, 1 April 2009 (UTC)
Copyright problem removed
Prior content in this article duplicated one or more previously published sources. The material was copied from: http://books.google.com/books/about/New_Federalist_papers.html?id=I2N732c6NoMC. Infringing material has been rewritten or removed and must not be restored, unless it is duly released under a compatible license. (For more information, please see "using copyrighted works from others" if you are not the copyright holder of this material, or "donating copyrighted materials" if you are.) For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from other web sites or published material; such additions will be deleted. Contributors may use copyrighted publications as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences or phrases. Accordingly, the material may be rewritten, but only if it does not infringe on the copyright of the original or plagiarize from that source. Please see our guideline on non-free text for how to properly implement limited quotations of copyrighted text. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously, and persistent violators will be blocked from editing. While we appreciate contributions, we must require all contributors to understand and comply with these policies. Thank you. Lagrange613 21:50, 24 November 2011 (UTC)
This makes no sense.
"He is Allan Nevins Professor of History and, from 2003 to 2009, was University Provost."
This sentence is badly written and confuses me. I'm not sure what is meant to be conveyed here. Can anyone clarify this sentence and edit the article? Thanks.
Jdersen (talk) 00:24, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
* Distinguished professors sometimes hold special titles called chaired professorships, usually named after someone the university wants to honor. Brinkley holds the chair named after Allan Nevins. In addition, Brinkley was provost from 2003 to 2009. Lagrange613 16:48, 24 June 2014 (UTC)
* Okay, but he holds the chair *where*? And he was provost *where*? I think it might be written better as maybe: "He holds the Allan Nevins Professor of History chair at University X and, from 2003 to 2009, was provost at University Y. (Or am I just not understanding how these things work?) Jdersen (talk) 19:45, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
Error in date
The Notes section says that his book Voices of Protest received the 1980 hardcover National Book Award for history. It should say 1983, not 1980. (I don't know how to edit this because of the way it's formatted; otherwise I would have done it.)Redound (talk) 20:25, 9 April 2016 (UTC)
This page has the incorrect death date. He passed away on Sunday, June 16th. Please update accordingly.
https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/alan-brinkley-scholar-liberalism-dead-70-63763125 — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:32, 17 June 2019 (UTC)
External links modified
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I have just modified one external link on Alan Brinkley. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20121115075708/http://www.rai.ox.ac.uk/fellows/honorary to http://rai.ox.ac.uk/fellows/honorary
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WIKI
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If you like stories about rebellious girls, you’ll enjoy this book called Ida B. Wells: Let the Truth Be Told by Walter Dean Myers, with illustrations by Bonnie Christensen. Since this is the last day of Black History Month, I decided to review it.
This book is about the life of Ida B. Wells, a woman who spoke up for women and black people’s rights. She even was a reporter for a newspaper called Free Speech and Headlight. That’s how she educated people about the unfair treatment black people an women were going through. Ida B. Wells was a woman who was not afraid to speak up. “I’d rather go down in history as one lone Negro who dared to tell the government that it has done a dastardly thing than to save my skin by taking back what I have said,” she explained.
I liked this book because it showed how one person can make a tremendous impact on history. Ida B. Wells was like a lion, my favorite animal, because she let her voice be heard like a lion’s roar.
I recommend this book to people who like the book Goodnight Stories for Rebel Girls, which I will be reviewing during Women’s History Month. This book also inspires girls to speak up for themselves. This book is for ages 8+. Even though it is a picture book, this book could be too complex for a younger child because it includes topics like lynching and segregation.
This book was pretty good. I give it 3 out 4 roses.
This book was pretty good. It gets three out of four roses!
Elena, I also think Ida B Wells was amazing, and that her contributions are often overlooked. Why do you think the role of a fearless journalist is so important? Do you still think that is the case today?
LikeLiked by 1 person
Yes, it is still the case today! I think it is important because we need more people to speak their minds and journalists help to tell important stories.
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FINEWEB-EDU
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-- Julius Baer Integration Chief Says Merrill Transfer on Track
Julius Baer Group Ltd., the Swiss
bank founded in 1890, said it’s on track to absorb as much as 72
billion francs ($78 billion) of client assets after acquiring
Bank of America Corp. ’s non-U.S. wealth units last year. “We’re in that range that has been communicated, I think
between 57 and 72” billion francs of managed assets, Nic
Dreckmann, global head of integration at Julius Baer, said in an
interview at the Euroforum Private Banking Summit in Zurich. Dreckmann declined to comment on whether the total assets
brought over from Bank of America’s Merrill Lynch international
wealth units would be near the top or the bottom of that range. Julius Baer is making acquisitions to compete with larger
UBS AG and Credit Suisse AG. (CSGN) While Zurich-based Julius Baer has
already reported 47 billion francs of funds under management
from Merrill Lynch clients as of July 22, the Merrill business
was unprofitable in 2011 and may increase pressure on its margin
in the second half, the firm has said. Julius Baer reiterated in July it plans to eliminate more
than 1,000 jobs at the combined businesses as it seeks to boost
earnings from the Merrill transaction by 2015. The amount of
assets accepted from Merrill Lynch clients affects the firm’s
cost-cutting plans, Dreckmann said today. “At one point in time, if we’re only coming in at 50
billion and we all expected 70, of course, we would need to put
some cost measures in place,” he said. “As of today, we’re
focusing on getting all the assets in.” Julius Baer previously said it expected to pay about 860
million francs for the units. Expenses related to the deal may
be about 455 million francs, up from an estimated 400 million
francs because of higher costs related to transferring clients
to the Swiss bank’s systems, it said in July. Julius Baer is unlikely to recoup its investment in the
business known as IWM before 2022, Alevizos Alevizakos, an
analyst with Mediobanca SpA in London , said in a Sept. 5 report. “While we appreciate the importance of the IWM acquisition
for the long-term future of Julius Baer, we question the short-term benefits for the shareholders,” Alevizakos wrote. To contact the reporter on this story:
Giles Broom in Geneva at
gbroom@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Frank Connelly at
fconnelly@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Title
Evolutionary differentiation in the neotropical montane region: Molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves, Emberizinae)
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-2007
Publication Title
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Publisher
Elsevier
Volume
44
Issue
3
First page number:
993
Last page number:
1016
Abstract
Studies on Neotropical phylogeography have largely focused on lowland organisms. Because lowland and highland biotas have different histories and are likely affected by different processes influencing population differentiation, understanding Neotropical diversification requires detailed studies on montane taxa. We present the most comprehensive analysis of population differentiation conducted so far on a widespread group of Neotropical montane organisms, focusing on the evolutionary relationships and phylogeography of Buarremon brush-finches (Aves: Emberizidae) in montane areas from Mexico through Argentina. Sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes demonstrate that Buarremon is not monophyletic with respect to Arremon and Lysurus. Genetic structure revealed by mtDNA is strong in both B. brunneinucha and B. torquatus. Gene genealogies and nucleotide diversity indicate that B. brunneinucha originated in Mexico and later expanded to South America, where it followed one colonization route through the east, and one through the west of the continent. Differentiation among populations of B. torquatus was substantial, reaching 8% uncorrected sequence divergence within South America. Relationships among major lineages of B. torquatus were not fully resolved owing to rapid differentiation, but the occurrence of closely related taxa in distant locations suggests a complex history of diversification. Some Colombian populations of B. brunneinucha have affinities with populations from Venezuela and the East Andean slope of Ecuador and Peru, and others with those from the Pacific slope of Ecuador. Moreover, five divergent lineages of B. torquatus occur within Colombia, highlighting the importance of dense sampling in northwest South America for studies on diversification of widespread Neotropical lineages.
Keywords
Biogeography; Birds; Buarremon; Neotropics; Phylogeography
Disciplines
Molecular Genetics | Ornithology | Population Biology
Language
English
Permissions
Use Find in Your Library, contact the author, or use interlibrary loan to garner a copy of the article. Publisher copyright policy allows author to archive post-print (author’s final manuscript). When post-print is available or publisher policy changes, the article will be deposited.
Identifier
DOI: http://ezproxy.library.unlv.edu/login?url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.012
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Hello Corey,
In cases where there was a boolean parsing failure, and ON_ERROR_STOP is
on, the error message no longer speak of a future which the session does
not have. I could left the ParseVariableBool() message as the only one, but
wasn't sure that that was enough of an error message on its own.
Added the test case to the existing tap tests. Incidentally, the tap tests
aren't presently fooled into thinking they're interactive.
Yes.
Revised cumulative patch attached for those playing along at home.
Nearly there...
It seems that ON_ERROR_STOP is mostly ignored by design when in interactive mode, probably because it is nicer not to disconnect the user who is actually typing things on a terminal.
"""
ON_ERROR_STOP
By default, command processing continues after an error. When this variable is set to on, processing will instead stop immediately. In interactive mode, psql will return to the command prompt; otherwise, psql will exit, returning error code 3 to distinguish this case from fatal error conditions, which are reported using error code 1.
"""
So, you must check for interactive as well when shortening the message, and adapting it accordingly, otherwise on gets the wrong message in interactive mode:
bash> ./psql -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1
psql (10devel, server 9.6.1)
Type "help" for help.
calvin=# \if error
unrecognized value "error" for "\if <expr>": boolean expected
new \if is invalid.
calvin=# -- not stopped, but the stack has been cleaned up, I think
Basically it seems that there are 4 cases and 2 behaviors:
- on_error_stop && scripting:
actually exit on error
- on_error_stop && interactive, !on_error_stop whether scripting or not:
keep going, possibly with nesting checks?
The problem is that currently interactive behavior cannot be tested automatically.
--
Fabien.
--
Sent via pgsql-hackers mailing list (pgsql-hackers@postgresql.org)
To make changes to your subscription:
http://www.postgresql.org/mailpref/pgsql-hackers
Reply via email to
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Finding Hidden Directories in Linux
There are different ways in which you can file hidden directories in Linux. Sometimes it’s necessary to find those directories to see the amount of disk space that is being occupied by them. To find all Hidden directories, the general command is always a du * or du -a but there are other ways also which you can use the du command to sort and find the hidden directories and display them along with other directories.
#Finding all Hidden directories
du * or du -a
#Finding all Hidden directories with summarized size
du -hs .[^.]*
#Summarizing the Hidden directories
du -hs $(ls -A)
#Finding and sorting hidden directories by their size
find -maxdepth 1 -exec du -sh "{}" \; | sort -h
#Some other ways to find hidden directories
du -sh *
du -sh * .*
There are also other ways for finding the hidden directories by using a combination of ls command and du together which makes sures that that filenames with spaces are correctly handled when du command is run
ls -A | xargs -I {} du -sh {}
ls -A | while read file; do du -sh "$file"& done | sort -h;
Shan
I am an Azure DevOps expert who has worked on TFS/Azure DevOps from 2012 as part of my job.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Elizabeth Warren Condemns the Wrong Man
DealBook Senator Elizabeth Warren, furious about President-elect Donald J. Trump’s appointments of finance industry insiders, took to Facebook a little over a week ago to fire off a message to her nearly 2.5 million followers. She took aim at an individual she described as a “hedge fund billionaire” who is “thrilled by Donald Trump’s economic team of Wall Street insiders.” The hedge fund manager she condemned was Whitney Tilson, who runs Kase Capital. Ms. Warren — the fiery Massachusetts Democrat who is known for her stern mistrust of Wall Street — called him out by saying, “Tilson knows that, despite all the stunts and rhetoric, Donald Trump isn’t going to change the economic system.” Then she added, “The next four years are going to be a bonanza for the Whitney Tilsons of the world.” There’s one rather glaring problem with Ms. Warren’s attack: Mr. Tilson happens to be one of the few financial executives who publicly fought Mr. Trump’s election and supported Hillary Clinton. A lifelong Democrat who was involved in helping to start Teach for America, Mr. Tilson also happened to be one of the rare Wall Street executives who had donated to Ms. Warren and actively sought new regulations for the industry. Recently, he gave Mrs. Clinton $1,000 so he could see Ms. Warren speak at a campaign fund-raiser. (He’s also far, far from a billionaire.) “I’ve donated money to her, attended her events, and did everything in my power to stop Donald Trump,” Mr. Tilson told me, talking about Ms. Warren and expressing dismay that he somehow became the target of her derision. “In addition, I agree with her 100 percent that large swaths of the financial industry have run amok and prey on vulnerable Americans, and thus strong regulation, including a muscular Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, is sorely needed,” he said. Ms. Warren appears to be suffering from the same affliction that Mr. Trump’s critics accuse of him: a knee-jerk, fact-free reaction to something she had read in the news. In this case, Ms. Warren seems to have come across a Bloomberg News article that includes some quotations from Mr. Tilson. But she didn’t read to the bottom or dismissed it before firing off her zingers. In the article, Mr. Tilson had said, “I think Donald Trump conned them,” in reference to voters. “I worried that he was going to do crazy things that would blow the system up. So the fact that he’s appointing people from within the system is a good thing.” (He even said he took “glee” in voters’ anger over that.) The part Ms. Warren may have missed toward the bottom was this: “I’m a fan of Dodd-Frank, I think banking should be boring,” he was quoted as saying, where he was also identified as a Clinton supporter. “I worry about Wall Street returning to being a casino.” In fairness, depending on how you look at the situation, it is possible some readers and supporters of Ms. Warren will give her kudos for criticizing one of her own well-heeled donors. “She can’t be bought,” might be a generous way to consider the situation. But even a quick Google search of Mr. Tilson’s involvement in the recent political discourse over financial reform would reveal what he clearly meant by his quotation: that he was nervous about Mr. Trump appointing reckless and uninformed people to guide financial policy and that he was heartened that he had not. As Ms. Warren has made clear, she abhors the idea of anyone who has worked in the financial industry working in government on policy that could affect the economy and Wall Street. This column has covered what I’ve described as her misguided view. That’s not to say any administration wouldn’t benefit from bringing in some outsiders who could offer new and different perspectives, but that can’t be a qualifying measure. The next time you need heart surgery, do you want to go to a heart surgeon or a psychologist? In fairness, Ms. Warren’s ambitious efforts to overhaul financial regulation are not without merit: There are large parts of the Dodd-Frank Act that have done a ton of good to protect the American public. She played a hugely important role recently in grilling the chief executive of Wells Fargo about his bank’s sham-accounts scandal, and her questioning appears to have helped bring about his resignation. And at a time when one party is in power — in this case, the Republicans — Ms. Warren’s position is even more important to help hold our leaders accountable. However, her ad hominem attack on Mr. Tilson only serves to undermine her credibility and some of the good work she wants to achieve. To make matters worse, Mr. Tilson’s wife, Susan Blackman Tilson, was one of the students in the first Harvard Law School bankruptcy class that Ms. Warren taught, in fall 1992. The student has remained loyal to her professor; Mrs. Tilson wrote in a letter to Ms. Warren last week that she had been “cheering from the sidelines as you rose to national attention for your excellent work on behalf of consumers.” Both of the Tilsons sent letters to Ms. Warren last week, which they shared with me, seeking to set the record straight and asking her to remove her Facebook post. The response? An aide emailed them: “She asked me to relay to you that she is removing the word ‘billionaire’ from the post, as you have indicated that is factually inaccurate. The senator has decided, however, not to remove the overall post.” A spokesman for Ms. Warren declined to comment on the exchange. When I spoke to Mr. Tilson on Monday, he said he felt that the senator had let him down in two ways: “Personally, I feel betrayed,” he said. “In recent years, I’ve really stuck my neck out by very publicly supporting her, the C.F.P.B., and a tough regulatory approach to banks — none of which wins me many friends — and this is how she repays me.” Mr. Tilson added: “By engaging in factually incorrect, ad hominem attacks, she’s getting down into the gutter with Trump. This is misguided and counterproductive.” Despite all of that, he said, “I still support her because I share her belief that banking should be boring.” Naturally enough, he added, her Facebook post, coupled with her response, “certainly reduces my enthusiasm for her.”
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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MACHINE LEARNING RECIPES DATA CLEANING PYTHON DATA MUNGING PANDAS CHEATSHEET ALL TAGS
How to convert string to factor in R?
This recipe helps you convert string to factor in R
Recipe Objective
How to convert a string to factor in R? When a data type is converted to another data type, it is known as data type casting. Data type casting is necessary when an output returned is a data type different than what we need to perform any further operations. The types of data types are integer, float, character, etc. Strings are values written in single (' ') or double ("") quotes. Factors () are data objects that categorize the data or represent the categorical data, in order to store that data on multiple levels. This recipe performs a conversion of string type to factor.
Step 1- Define a string vector
s <- c("good","bad","good","good","bad")
Step 2- Convert string to factor
f <- as.factor(s) print(f) # the data gets classified as two factors -good and bad and are stored as levels. class(f)
good bad good good bad
Levels: bad good
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 81.djvu/153
Rh "The Origin of Species" with its principle of natural selection, its preservation of useful qualities, the influence of environment and heredity, gave the genetic theory strong support. The views presented by its illustrious author were set forth with such clearness and defended with such wealth of illustration as to make their rejection a matter of great difficulty. Even those who were most hostile recognized their importance as well as their revolutionary character. It was evident to nearly every scientific man that henceforth the world could not be explained upon morphological theories alone, and that some such principle as that of natural selection must be presupposed in order to explain the facts which in almost every department of scientific research were daily coming to light. Natural selection has been defined as "that process in life, automatic in its nature and action by which in the struggle for existence useful differences are preserved and those which are not useful are destroyed." It is under the operation of this principle Spencer believed, and sought to show, that species are formed and the various manifestations of life accounted for. Those who accepted Mr. Spencer's theories in full, with few exceptions, accounted for the origin and evolution of the universe on purely mechanical principles.
But the questions as to life itself, its nature and its origin, were not on this evolutionary theory fully answered. Granting that the lowest forms of life are connected with the cell, that life is manifested in its structure and through its growth, even on the assumption that matter and energy only exist, the question can not be pushed aside. Whence is the energy which brings life into matter, organizes it and imparts to it the power or ability under the laws of evolution to create, perfect and continue at pleasure, the forms in which it chooses to appear? Logically the genetic theory must explain the origin and continuance of life on mechanical principles alone. A theory in sharp contrast to the genetic or evolutionary theory, which for many minds reduces life to a mechanical process, is what Mr. Merz calls the vitalistic theory. This theory is becoming more and more prominent with the increasing interest in the study of biology. What life is, what is its origin, what are its processes, are questions to which as yet completely satisfactory answers have not been returned. Bichot (1771-1802) defined life as the "totality of functions which resist death," a definition which gives little information as to the nature of life, or its origin. Claude Bernard (1813-78) wrote "life is the struggle of living forces against the non-living." Since the publication of Darwin's book on "The Origin of Species," or more exactly since 1866, a tendency is to be noted which seeks to establish parallelisms between processes in organic and inorganic bodies. Lavoisier was one of the first to study life from a chemical point of view, and to explain respiration, nutrition and the generation of animal heat as a form of combustion. In
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WIKI
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Talk:Thomas Madox (disambiguation)
Delete this?
Is this dabpage accomplishing anything? Only one person is named Thomas Madox, and I don't believe there is any confusion with Tommy Maddox or others here. 162 etc. (talk) 19:56, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Gilroy Gunman Fatally Shot Himself After Killing 3 at Garlic Festival
The authorities previously said he was killed by officers, but the coroner’s office said on Friday that his death was a suicide. The gunman who killed three people and injured 13 others at a garlic festival in Gilroy, Calif., this week fatally shot himself after exchanging gunfire with police officers, the authorities said on Friday, updating previous accounts in which they said the officers had killed him. The Santa Clara County Medical Examiner-Coroner’s office preliminarily ruled his death a suicide. “In my mind, it changes nothing,” Chief Scot Smithee of the Gilroy Police Department said at a news conference. “The officers still got there fast, they engaged him fast, they drew his fire and they eliminated the threat. Whether he fired that final shot or not, in my mind changes nothing.” Chief Smithee said that three officers had fired at the gunman, Santino William Legan, 19, on Sunday, striking him multiple times, and that they probably had not even known he had shot himself. The authorities have not yet identified a motive for the shooting. “We still do not have a firm grasp of ideology,” John F. Bennett, the F.B.I. special agent in charge in San Francisco, said at a news conference on Thursday. The F.B.I. is combing through social media posts and interviewing the gunman’s family members and friends, Mr. Bennett said. Police officers who were at the 41st annual Gilroy Garlic Festival confronted the gunman less than a minute after he started firing, according to Chief Smithee. On Thursday, Chief Smithee revised the number of injuries to 13 from 12 to include a person who was grazed by a bullet and was not initially counted. The gunman used what the authorities described as an semiautomatic rifle that they said he purchased legally in Nevada, but which would have been illegal to purchase in California. The attorney general, Xavier Becerra, said it was also illegal to bring the gun into the state.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush taken to hospital in Maine
May 27, 2018 / 6:19 PM / in 20 minutes Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush taken to hospital in Maine Reuters Staff 2 Min Read
(Reuters) - Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush, 93, was taken to a hospital in Maine on Sunday after experiencing low blood pressure and fatigue, a family spokesman said on Twitter. FILE PHOTO - Former United States President George H. W. Bush is brought into the auditorium where his son Former United States President George W. Bush speaks about his new book titled "41: A Portrait of My Father" at the George Bush Presidential Library Center in College Station, Texas November 11, 2014. REUTERS/Bob Daemmrich/Pool/File Photo
Bush, the oldest living former U.S. president, will likely remain at Southern Maine Health Care for a few days for observation, said the spokesman, Jim McGrath.
“The former president is awake and alert, and not in any discomfort,” McGrath wrote on Twitter. FILE PHOTO - Former U.S. President George H.W. Bush arrives on the field to do the coin toss ahead of the start of Super Bowl LI between the New England Patriots and the Atlanta Falcons in Houston, Texas, U.S., February 5, 2017. REUTERS/Adrees Latif/File Photo
Bush was hospitalized in Texas last month for treatment of an infection that spread to his blood, and stayed there for nearly two weeks. He was admitted to the hospital a day after he attended the funeral of his wife, Barbara, the former first lady who died on April 17. The couple had been married for 73 years.
On Saturday, Bush attended an American Legion event in Kennebunkport, Maine to mark the upcoming Memorial Day with military veterans and his former national security adviser Brent Scowcroft, according to a post on Bush’s official Twitter feed.
Bush is the father of former Republican President George W. Bush, who served two terms from 2001 to 2009, and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, who unsuccessfully sought the 2016 Republican presidential nomination. Reporting by Daniel Wallis and Yeganeh Torbati; Editing by Lisa Shumaker
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Page:Lord Dunsany - The Sword of Welleran.djvu/126
THE KITH OF THE ELF-FOLK crying for beautiful things, and found not one, saving on Sundays, when she went to church, and left it to find the city greyer than before.
One day she decided that it was better to be a wild thing in the lovely marshes than to have a soul that cried for beautiful things and found not one. From that day she determined to be rid of her soul, so she told her story to one of the factory girls, and said to her:
"The other girls are poorly clad and they do soulless work; surely some of them have no souls and would take mine."
But the factory girl said to her: "All the poor have souls. It is all they have."
Then Mary Jane watched the rich whenever she saw them, and vainly sought for some one without a soul.
One day at the hour when the machines 100
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WIKI
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Precision Dentistry Mastery – A Multifaceted Approach to Oral Care
Health
In the realm of oral health, precision dentistry emerges as a transformative paradigm, offering a multifaceted approach that goes beyond traditional dental care. This mastery of precision dentistry leverages cutting-edge technologies, personalized treatment plans, and a comprehensive understanding of individual patient needs. At its core, precision dentistry employs advanced diagnostic tools to identify oral issues with unparalleled accuracy. From 3D imaging to genetic testing, these technologies enable dentists to delve into the intricate details of a patient’s oral structure, allowing for early detection of potential problems. This proactive approach not only prevents the progression of diseases but also fosters a more targeted and effective treatment strategy.
One of the cornerstones of precision dentistry is personalized treatment plans. Recognizing that each patient is unique, these plans are tailored to address specific oral health needs. Whether it is orthodontic adjustments, restorative procedures, or cosmetic enhancements, precision dentistry ensures that interventions are precisely calibrated to achieve optimal results. This customization not only enhances the efficacy of treatments but also improves patient satisfaction and compliance. Advancements in materials science further contribute to the mastery of precision dentistry. From tooth-colored restorations to biocompatible implants, the materials used in dental procedures are now chosen with precision. This not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of dental work but also ensures long-lasting and durable results. The focus on materials extends beyond aesthetics, encompassing factors such as durability, compatibility, enamel republic family dentist and patient comfort.
Digital technologies play a pivotal role in the implementation of precision dentistry. CAD/CAM Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing systems enable the creation of dental prosthetics with unparalleled precision. This not only streamlines the production process but also results in restorations that seamlessly integrate with natural dentition. Additionally, digital records facilitate efficient communication between dental professionals, ensuring a collaborative and cohesive approach to patient care. The holistic nature of precision dentistry extends to preventive measures, emphasizing the importance of patient education and lifestyle factors. Dentists, armed with a comprehensive understanding of a patient’s genetic predispositions and oral health history, can provide targeted guidance on oral hygiene practices and dietary choices. This proactive approach empowers patients to take an active role in their oral health and prevent potential issues before they arise.
Precision dentistry mastery represents a paradigm shift in oral care, integrating advanced technologies, personalized treatment plans, and a holistic understanding of individual patient needs. This multifaceted approach not only elevates the precision of diagnostics and treatments but also enhances the overall patient experience. As precision dentistry continues to evolve, it holds the promise of ushering in a new era of oral health where interventions are not only effective but also tailored to the unique characteristics of each individual.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Template:Did you know nominations/List of English Twenty20 cricket champions
List of English Twenty20 cricket champions
* ... that Leicestershire (pictured) are the only team that have been English Twenty20 cricket champions more than once?
* Reviewed: 2012-13 Arsenal F.C. season
Created/expanded by Harrias (talk). Self nom at 13:31, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
* Pictogram voting keep.svg good -- prose is new, and long enough, hook is interesting, photo is free of copyright issues.Tthaas (talk) 16:44, 3 June 2012 (UTC)
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North Branch Marsh River
The North Branch Marsh River is a 1.0 mi tidal river in the town of Frankfort, Waldo County, Maine. It is a tributary of Marsh Bay, an arm of the tidal Penobscot River.
The North Branch Marsh River is fed by Marsh Stream, a 33.6 mi river in central Maine. Marsh Stream rises at 44.4812°N, -69.217°W on the north slopes of Frye Mountain, on the boundary between the towns of Montville and Knox. It flows northeast through Knox, Brooks, and Monroe, then becomes the boundary between the towns of Winterport and Frankfort. Turning southeast, the stream flows through the village of Frankfort, where it reaches tidewater and becomes the North Branch Marsh River.
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 44 Part 1.djvu/1947
]Q33 TITLE 16.-—C'6 mousand eight hundred and eighty-eight feet); thence northerly and nortbwesterly along the crest. ot the bydrographic divide °to a junctioawith the crest of the malxi hydrographic divide between the headwaters of the South _Fork ot the Kaweah River and the headwaters of Little Kern River; thence northerly along said divide now between. Horse and Cow Creeks and the headwaters of East Fork Kaweah River to `ihts intersection with the present east boundary of Sequoia Na; tional Park, appmximatcb at Tar Gap, being the east line of township 17 south, 30 east; thence northerly along said line to its intersection with the main ‘l1ydrograpl1lcadivide north ef Ellat Fork Kaweab River; thence easterly following said divide, passing through Timber Gab to ‘_ the summiti-of Sawieoth Peak; thence southeasterly along the crest of the Great Western Divide to the summit of Coyote Peaks (United States Geologiml Survey bench mark, altitudeten thousand nine blanclred and nineteen feet); thence northeasterly m110w1,¤g.mé mam bydrographic divide eoatlr of Goyote Creek to the june-" mm of Coyote and Kern River; thence due east across Kem- River to the east bank; mance followingaaid east bank ef Kern River northerly to thejunction of Golden Trout Creek. and Kem' River; thence uortbeasterly following, the main bydroprapbié divide northof Golden Trout Greek, and between the headevaters of Golden Trout- Creek axgd Rock Creek to a» la junction with the mail: ·cre§_t of the Sierra Nevada, northweetl · of Cirque Peak; thence northerly and westerly along. said maln creSt ot - the Sierra Nevada toe Junction Peak (United States Geological Survey bench mark thirteen thousand nine h\1Ild.1'€(]· Jamléthree feet) ; thence jwestély along the crest ot the Kings- Kem_Dlvlde `to a` junction witll the crest of the. Great Western Dlyidc at Tlm¤der_Mou¤taia (United States Geologica1`Survey bencb mui·k`thl1jtee¤_ thousand flve hundred and seventy-eight feet) ; ’tl1eace·soutbwesterly along the crest of the Great Western. Divide to Triple Divide Peak (United States. Geological Surrey altitude twelve thousand six hundred andl ilfty-one feét) ; tlieaoe westerly and aorithwesterly alo_ug.` the 'creat - ot lh? h»Yd¥‘@'¤Phi¢ divide the headwaters of Roaring River nad the heaclwatera of the Middle and Marble Forks ot “‘ the K8W981l'KiY€1‘ to‘Kett1e" Peak _.( United ·States__Geol0gica11 Survey altitude ten thousand »»aud thirty-eight feet); thencej westerly and wuthwesterly along`tl1e erest of the main hydro- 4 graphic divide next perth of Clover Creek and Dorst Creek to the Junction ot Stony Creek and Dorst Creek; thenée tollowingal the west mak of the North Fork Kaweab River to its junction with Cactus Creek: thence geterly along the llrat hydrograbhlc l ldirlde south of Cactus Creek {to lm luteraectiom with the present west boundary of Sequoia National Park, being the.west line of township 16 south, raugej 29 east ; Qthéace southerly along said} west boundary to the southwest corner of said township ;¤ thence easterly _ along the present boundary of Smuola National Park} being the north line oI township °1? south, range 29 east, to the northeast corner of said. township; thence southerly along the presmt boundary otsequoia Natloaal Park, being the `west liaes at townships 17 and 18 wutb, range 30 east, to the place { of @¤i$; all of tboaelaada lying within the boundary liw above are`b.ei*eby included lu and made a partl of the Romv&t4·Seqaoia National Hrk; and all of those lands excluded from the praeat Sequoia Natieaal Park are hereby lnelmled in and mde a part ot the Sequoia National Forest, _ a subject to all laws rqulations awlleable to the national ° foresta. (July 3, 19%, c. 144, I IQ-44 Stat. 818.)- ` .‘ New section, .’ 7 451;. md regulations; ish and game.-=-That me pu: mah be mam- the exexame mam; or me secretary of *the"Intea·ior, dau lt shall_be,_aaao¤11 aa practicable; to makeaad publish auch reaaoaalm rules and remlatloaa, not lncoaaleteut with the laws ot the Uaitea States, aa be my deeza of
WSERVATION §45g necessary or proper for the care, protection, manegexuent, and improvement ot the same; such regulations being ,primarily aimed at the ifreest use ot said park. for recreatioupurpeses by the public end for the preservation from injury or spolietion of all timber, natural "curioslties, or wonders within said park and their retentiouin their natural condition as fer as practicable, · and for the preservation ot said park in a state of nature so for ‘· as is consistent with the purposes of this Act} Such rules mh' regulations shall permit the taking of- Heh by hook amclline from the streams or lakes in said perk, but et‘sueh.eeasone, during such times, and in such manner as may be directed by the Secretary of the I`hterio1·. . Such rules and regulations however, shall provide o against the destruction of the wild` life within said park, and. the-Secretary or the Interior is hereby authigrized to take all such measures as shall be necessary to ofully carry out the objects and purposes ot this-Act} · Said. Secretary may, in _ his discretion, execute leases to parcels et ground not expeeding ten acres. in extent nat any one pbaee to, any one person or persons or comoony for not to exceed twenty. years, when such ground is necessary for the erection of belld·· , ings for the accommodation of visitors. Such leases or priv· ileges maybe renewed or extended at the expiration of the. terms thereof; Provided, That existing leases from the Depart: mentor Agriculture may be continued, in the discretion of the Secretary of the Interior, for so long. as suchyexteusiou is ‘ detrixnental to the public purposes for which the perk is created, » (July- 3, 1926, c. 744,5 2, 44 Stat. 820.) _ ° New section. __ ~ » _ _ F 45c. Prior claims, loeations, and entries; ts {erase of ~ .natural· resour¢es.»——Nothing herein contained shall atect guy valid. existing claim, loeetien, or entry heretefere established 2, under the land laws ot the United States, whether for heme ` stmd, mineral, right of wéy, or " kmy other wlretm-· eyer, or shall aifect the rights of any such claimant, lecater, or` entryxnan to the full use,_and enjoyment of his land: He- _ vided, That under rules and regulations to be prescribed by si him the Secretary of the Interior may iséue permits te ea! bona: tlcle claimant, entrymen, `landowner, or leme of lam! within the boundaries herein_eemblished to secure. timber io: . ‘ use on and for the improvement of his land ;` and he ®el1 have authority to issue, under rules and regulations te bé scribed by him, grazing permits and authorize the of 4 livestock on éthe. lands within said perk at fees ¤¤et‘to_exceed _ those exmgeo jby the‘Forest Service on adjacent areas, eeflwg as _ such timber cutting and grazing are uot_Wdetrin.tental to the ‘ primary purpose for whiéh such is lereeted :· · That no permit, license, lease, or authorization for clams, conduits, reservoirs, power houses, transmission "Iines, or teeeer J* works for storage, or carriage of water, or fe»r·. they de·rekepment,. treusmimloil, or utilization of power within the lliuits of said park as herein constituted, shall be granted or made without speclnc authority of Congress. (July 3, 13Q6,_ c. 744. 5 3t 44 sm, 820.) ( ` flew section. o ** j 45d. Exelueive priyileges 'pfohibited.-—-No exclusive privilege shell be granted withlusuid park, or oo or over the made and trolls therein, except upon ground leased for the erection of buildlu·@ or cemps thereon. (July 3, 1926, c.—744, S 4, 44 State %.) _ ‘ .4 · New section. _ t _ 45e. Violations; @lty.·———Any person touucl guilty, of x·iolhtlng any of the provisions of thié Act»‘ or any rule or regulatlen thut meybe premulgetecl by the. Secretary of the Interior with reference to the management untl care pt the perk, or for ( ` *"_TBis Act" should be translated " sections Nia to 45f of this title` mtu the gppendlxf o ‘ '° _ ‘ ·
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LGBT rights in the Netherlands
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) rights in the Netherlands are among the most advanced in the world. Same-sex sexual activity was legalized in 1811 after France invaded the country and installed the Napoleonic Code, erasing any remaining sodomy laws. No more sodomy laws were enacted after the country received independence. An age of consent equal with that of heterosexual activity was put in place in 1971. During the late 20th century, awareness surrounding homosexuality grew and society became more tolerant of gay and bisexual people. The changes eventually led to homosexuality's declassification as a mental illness in 1973 and a ban on discrimination based on sexual orientation in the military. The Equal Treatment Act 1994 bans discrimination on account of sexual orientation in employment, housing, public accommodations, and other areas. This was extended in 2019 to include discrimination based on gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics. After the country began granting same-sex couples registered partnerships benefits in 1998, the Netherlands became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001. Same-sex joint and stepchild adoption are also permitted, and lesbian couples can access IVF as well.
The Netherlands has become one of the most culturally liberal countries in the world, with recent polls indicating that more than 90% of Dutch people support same-sex marriage. Amsterdam has frequently been named one of the most LGBT-friendly cities in the world, famous for its many accommodations specifically pertaining to the LGBT community, including its many gay bars, bathhouses, hotels, and venues as well as Pink Point, which provides LGBT-friendly information and souvenirs, and the national Homomonument, which was completed in 1987 and was the first monument in the world to commemorate homosexuals who were persecuted and killed during World War II. Since February 2023, protections against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and disability were formally added to the Netherlands Constitution.
Law regarding same-sex sexual activity
Same-sex activity has been legal since 1811. The age of consent is set at 16 regardless of gender and sexual orientation, having been equalised in 1971.
History
Between 1730 and 1811, sodomy was considered a capital crime by the Dutch Republic, resulting in widespread panic throughout the Netherlands and the persecution of hundreds of homosexuals. After the French invaded and installed the Napoleonic Code in 1811, all laws against same-sex sexual activity between consenting adults in private were repealed. After the Dutch received independence in 1813, no new sodomy laws were enacted. The Christian-based political parties enacted Article 248bis of the Penal Code in 1911, which raised the age of consent for same-sex sexual activity to 21 whilst the age of consent for heterosexual activity remained at 16. Laws citing public indecency were also often used against homosexuals.
During World War II, the Nazis introduced Paragraph 175 into Dutch law, which prohibited any same-sex sexual activity once again. The law was repealed after the end of the war.
During the mid-20th century, society's attitude towards homosexuality, with psychiatrists and clergy beginning to view it less critically. In 1971, the age of consent for same-sex sexual activity was equalised. Article 248bis was repealed. In 1973, homosexuality was no longer treated as a mental illness, which paved the way for allowing gay people to serve in the military.
Recognition of same-sex relationships
Dutch law began granting same-sex couples registered partnerships on 1 January 1998 as an alternative for marriage. Registered partnerships are also allowed for opposite-sex couples. The Netherlands became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage in 2001, with the law coming into effect on 1 April. That day, Job Cohen, the Mayor of Amsterdam, married four same-sex couples after becoming a registrar specifically to officiate at the weddings. The bill had passed the House of Representatives by 109 votes against 33. Although same-sex marriages can be performed in the European territory of the Netherlands and the Caribbean territories of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, same-sex marriages performed in Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which are constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, are not officially valid. As a result of article 40 of the Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands, same-sex marriages performed anywhere else in the Kingdom must be recognized in all territories, however, they are not required to guarantee equal treatment of same-sex couples with valid marriage licenses.
Before 2014, civil servants could refuse to marry same-sex couples as long as the municipality ensured that other civil servants were available to solemnize the marriage. In 2014, a law was passed that made it illegal for all marriage officiants to refuse their services to same-sex couples.
In October 2021, it was clarified and investigated that "any memberships of the Dutch Royal Family" legally can enter into same-sex marriage in effect since 1 April 2001 – without losing any titles, rights and/or privileges whatsoever.
Adoption and parenting
Same-sex adoption was legalized alongside same-sex marriage in 2001, which includes joint and stepchild adoption. The Dutch Parliament also began allowing same-sex couples to adopt children overseas in 2009. Lesbian couples can get access to IVF treatment, as well as parentage rights for their children. Assisted insemination in case of infertility is covered by health insurance, whether concering single women, opposite-sex couples or lesbian couples.
Altruistic surrogacy is legal in the Netherlands. Commercial surrogacy is illegal, regardless of sexual orientation. Although altruistic surrogacy is legal, there are only a few hospitals that undertake these arrangements, and there are very strict rules. This makes a lot of couples seek their treatment outside the Netherlands. In 2019, at least two IVF clinics in the Netherlands started offering surrogacy services to same-sex couples; one in Leiderdorp helps with the fertilisation of the surrogate mother's eggs, while a second in Gemert-Bakel works with the family members of the couple for a better genetic match.
Discrimination protections
The Dutch Parliament enacted the Equal Treatment Act 1994 (Algemene wet gelijke behandeling; Algemiene wet gelikense behanneling) in March of that year, which bans (among others) discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation in employment, housing, and both public and private accommodations. Before March 2019, gender identity, gender expression and sex characteristics were not specifically mentioned, but discrimination was nonetheless banned. There had been cases where the Dutch Institute for Human Rights ruled that transgender people were protected under the clause of "gender". On 16 January 2017, a bill was introduced to explicitly add sex characteristics, gender identity and gender expression to the list of anti-discrimination grounds. The bill was approved by the House (127–23) on 3 July 2018 and by the Senate (64–11) on 12 March 2019. In addition, a motion was passed (123–27) that requested the Rutte Government to investigate whether it is possible to replace the term "heterosexual or homosexual orientation" with the term "sexual orientation" to include all orientations, including bisexual and asexual people.
Recently, a loophole was fixed in the Equal Treatment Act 1994. Before this, government-financed religious schools were not allowed to fire or deny promotions to teachers on the "single fact" of someone's sexual orientation. However, some schools had interpreted this so that they could fire a teacher for behaviours outside of the facility that went against the ethos of the school. This resulted in the termination of a teacher in 2005 for being in a same-sex relationship. This was called de enkelefeitconstructie ("the single fact construction"). A bill that removed the "single fact" rule and ensured that LGBT students and teachers cannot be fired because of their sexual orientation was debated in Parliament in 2014. On 27 May 2014, this bill was approved by the vast majority of the House of Representatives (141–9) and on 10 March 2015 the bill was approved by the Senate (72–3). It went into full effect on 1 July 2015.
A proposal to add disability and sexual orientation as prohibited grounds for discrimination to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Netherlands was approved in the House of Representatives on 30 June 2020 (124 to 26) and in the Senate on 9 February 2021 (58 to 15). The measure required approval by the House and Senate by a two-thirds majority following the March 2021 election. On 15 March 2022, the House of Representatives passed the same proposal a second time by a vote of 123 to 25 with 2 members not present. It moved to the Senate for its second vote. On 17 January 2023, the bill was approved by the vast majority of the Senate (56-15) and awaited royal assent. Since February 2023, both sexual orientation and disability were formally added to the Netherlands Constitution.
A 2018 survey by Statistics Netherlands showed that 11.4% of LGBT youth were confronted with online bullying and harassment. This was more than twice as often as heterosexual young people. A survey by the knowledge institute Movisie showed that there were an estimated 900 to 2000 homeless LGBT youth in the Netherlands in 2020. LGBT young people were three times as likely to be homeless that young heterosexual people. Movisie said that "LGBTI youth are often rejected at home and have difficulties accepting themselves".
Transgender and intersex rights
The Dutch parliament voted in favour of the law establishing the right of transgender people to change their legal gender in 1984 and 1985. The law required individuals to undergo gender-affirming surgery and forced sterilization in order to use this right.
In December 2013, the Dutch Parliament overwhelmingly approved a bill allowing transgender people to legally change their gender on birth certificates and other official documents without undergoing sterilization and gender-affirming surgery. The law took effect in 2014. Additionally, transgender people are allowed to serve openly in the military.
Since 1993, it has been possible to state on a birth certificate "sex cannot be determined" when the sex of a newborn baby is unclear. On 28 May 2018, the District Court of Limburg ruled in favour of a Dutch citizen who wished to be recognized as a "third gender" on their birth certificate. Although current laws do not provide for the possibility to be registered as a "third gender", the judge did grant the request for the wording "sex cannot be determined". The court urged lawmakers to provide more options than the current generic "male" (man) and "female" (vrouw) boxes, because the absence of a gender-neutral option is a violation of private life, the right to self-determination and personal autonomy for both transgender and intersex persons. The Dutch Government is currently examining the legal consequences of the ruling. The plaintiff in the case, Leonne Zeegers, received a Dutch passport with an "X" sex descriptor in October 2018. Despite this, as no legislation has been enacted yet, it currently remains a matter for the courts to decide if an individual should receive an "X" designation for gender. The second person to receive an "X" sex marker, Nanoah Struik, did so in July 2019. According to the Social and Cultural Planning Office of the Netherlands, there are an estimated 80,000 intersex people in the Netherlands.
In December 2019, the House of Representatives unanimously adopted a motion presented by Vera Bergkamp and Kirsten van den Hul calling on the Dutch Government to investigate the extent of intersex medical interventions in the Netherlands.
In February 2020, a class-action lawsuit was filed against the Dutch Government over previous sterilisation requirements for transgender individuals. The plaintiffs are also calling on the state to offer compensation to the individuals who were sterilised under the law. A formal apology was issued by the state in December 2020, and a compensation scheme for transgender victims of sterilization (€5,000 for each of the estimated 2,000 victims) was implemented that same month.
In July 2020, it was announced that the Netherlands was considering abolishing gender markers on official identity documents from 2025.
In November 2020, the Dutch cabinet officially apologized for the fact that between 1985 and 2014, transgender people who wanted to change their legal gender were forced to undergo surgery and sterilization. In November 2021 the cabinet announced that individuals who underwent surgery and sterilization because of the 1985 law would become eligible to receive compensation.
In July 2021, a district court granted and allowed a gender X birth certificate to a "self-identified non-binary individual". All non-binary people may now use a gender X birth certificate.
In December 2021, a court ruling dropped psychologist certification for non-binary people to use the X gender marker in passports.
Conversion therapy
Organizations offering conversion therapy, the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation or gender identity using psychological or spiritual interventions, in the Netherlands are not eligible for subsidies. In addition, since June 2012, conversion therapies have been blocked from coverage by healthcare insurance.
On 17 May 2019, after television programme Ewout & homogenezing, which was broadcast on RTL 5 on 23 April 2019, showed that several organisations, including Dutch Pentecostal and Baptist groups, were offering conversion therapy, the Labour Party (PvdA) and Democrats 66 (D66) requested an investigation into the allegations. In May 2019, the Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport, Hugo de Jonge, informed the House of Representatives that he saw no need to ban conversion therapies in the Netherlands, adding that he was not planning to commission an "in-depth and independent investigation" into the extent to which young people in the Netherlands are exposed to such practices.
On 22 May 2019, the House of Representatives adopted a motion to investigate the extent of gay conversion therapy in the Netherlands. The motion was supported by D66, GroenLinks (GL) and the PvdA, while the ChristenUnie (CU), the Reformed Political Party (SGP) and the Party for Freedom (PVV) voted against. On 29 May, the House of Representatives adopted another motion; this time calling on the Minister of Justice and Security, Ferdinand Grapperhaus, to create a legislative proposal to explicitly ban conversion therapy. Parliamentarians called such 'treatments' "indigestible" and "harmful". The motion was proposed by the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), and was supported by the VVD themselves, D66, GL, PvdA and the Socialist Party (SP), while the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), CU, PVV, SGP and Forum for Democracy (FvD) voted against. The adopted motion does not provide for a timetable.
Health and blood donation
In the Netherlands, as in many other countries, men who have sex with men (MSM) were previously not allowed to donate blood. The MSM population in developed countries tends to have a relatively high prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection, so a blanket ban was enforced until 2015. In April 2012, the House of Representatives voted on a motion that would make an end to this ban and would make sexual risk behaviour the criteria for blood donation; in response the government asked the blood bank Sanquin and Maastricht University to investigate whether men who have sex with men should be allowed to donate blood. The report presented on 6 March 2015 showed that there were medical scientific grounds to adjust the donor selection policies around men who had sex with other men. This took away the main argument of safety risks. On 28 October 2015, the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport announced that a 12-month deferral on donating blood would replace the existing lifetime ban. In February 2019, the Sanquin blood bank shortened this period to 4 months.
On 1 August 2019, the Dutch Government introduced full coverage of PrEP and other related care for gay and bisexual men. The drug is available at all Municipal Health Services (GGD) offices in the country, and can drastically decrease the risk of contracting HIV. In addition, the move would save an estimated €33 million on HIV treatments.
Since September 2021, gay men within monogamous relationships in the Netherlands can legally donate blood without any waiting periods. Gay men within non-monogamous relationships have to still legally undergo a 4-month waiting period.
Uganda relations
In May 2023, the Netherlands immediately stopped cooperation, political relationships and trade with Uganda following the passage of the Anti-Homosexuality Act.
Public opinion
According to a poll conducted in May 2013, Ifop indicated that 85% of the Dutch population supported same-sex marriage and adoption. A European Union member poll conducted in 2015 indicated that 91% of the Netherlands supported same-sex marriage, which was the highest amount of support during that time. In the Caribbean territories of the Kingdom, the citizens are mostly religious, resulting in larger opposition to same-sex marriage in comparison to the European territory.
The 2019 Eurobarometer showed that 97% of Dutch people believed gay and bisexual people should enjoy the same rights as heterosexual people, and 92% supported same-sex marriage.
The 2023 Eurobarometer found that 94% of Dutch people thought same-sex marriage should be allowed throughout Europe, and 94% agreed that "there is nothing wrong in a sexual relationship between two persons of the same sex".
Living conditions and civil society
The first gay bars in Amsterdam opened in the early 20th century. The oldest place that still exists today is Café 't Mandje, which was opened in 1927 by Bet van Beeren. The gay magazine Wij ("We") also published during this period. Many of these bars and establishments were shut down during the German occupation of the Netherlands, and with the introduction of Paragraph 175 into Dutch law same-sex sexual activity was criminalized. Following the end of the war, the Shakespeare Club was established, with the goals of social emancipation and offering culture and recreation for gay and lesbian people. It changed its name to Cultuur- en Ontspanningscentrum in 1949 and eventually in 2017 to COC Nederland. It is the oldest existing LGBT organization in the world. During the sexual revolution of the 1960s, many gay bars and clubs opened in a number of cities, and societal acceptance of LGBT people began to grow. The first gay and lesbian protest in the Netherlands took place on 21 January 1969 at the Binnenhof. In 1977, LGBT groups began organising annual marches under the name Pink Saturday (Roze Zaterdag). In 1987, the world's first gay memorial, the Homomonument, commemorating LGBT people persecuted during the Nazi period, was opened in Amsterdam.
The Netherlands has frequently been referred to as one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world, on account of its early adoption of LGBT rights legislation and tolerance perception. Amsterdam has been referred to as one of the most gay-friendly cities in the world by publications such as The Independent. The annual gay pride festival has been held in Amsterdam every year since 1996. The festival attracts several hundred-thousand visitors each year and thus one of the largest publicly held annual events in the Netherlands. Amsterdam has also been the host city of the Europride twice, in 1994 and 2016. The latter attracted more than 560,000 visitors. Besides Amsterdam, there are also visible gay scenes in Rotterdam, Utrecht, The Hague and Scheveningen, with several bars, saunas and clubs catering to gay clientele.
A 2013 survey showed that 93% of Dutch people believed homosexuals should live their lives as they wish, with just 4% believing that homosexuality should be rejected. Other opinion polls have also found high levels of public and societal acceptance of LGBT people, again leading many to call the Netherlands one of the most gay-friendly countries in the world. According to a 2016 report from the Netherlands Institute for Social Research, most Dutch people have a positive attitude towards homosexuality. Only 7% of the Dutch viewed homosexuality and bisexuality negatively and 10% viewed transgender people negatively. However, 3.8% of gays and lesbians were victims of violence, compared to 2.4% of heterosexuals. And 32% of the respondents stated they would take offence when seeing two men kiss and 23% when seeing two women kiss (and 12% when seeing two people of the opposite sex kiss).
In April 2017, a same-sex couple was attacked by a group of Moroccan youth in the city of Arnhem. After the attack, several politicians, police officers, priests and many others showed their opposition to LGBT violence by holding hands in public. Displays also occurred in other countries, namely the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. Approximately 400 to 600 attacks against LGBT people occurred between 2011 and 2017, according to LGBT group COC.
In September 2019, King Willem-Alexander called on the UN General Assembly to support LGBT rights. In November 2019, the Dutch Government announced it would continue to support LGBT rights groups worldwide. The House of Representatives voted for a motion asking that LGBT rights be one of the three priorities of Dutch membership at the United Nations Human Rights Council. The Minister of Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation, Sigrid Kaag, has announced support for international LGBT rights groups, as well as organizations that campaign for food security, nature and climate, women's rights and freedom of expression. With Dutch support, local LGBT organizations in the Seychelles and Botswana were successful in having their anti-gay sodomy laws repealed or struck down.
In July 2020, the city of Nieuwegein ended its twin-city scheme with the Polish city of Puławy due to it enacting a "gay free zone".
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#!/bin/bash # insert your token and key here # if encryption is not needed then just leave the key blank # # ARRAY=( "token:key" # "token:" ) <- empty key, but there is a token. message will be sent without encryption # "token:key" ) <- do not forget the spaces to the parenthesis. this is bash =) # # ARRAY=( ":" ":" ) if [ "$1" != "" ]; then for i in "${ARRAY[@]}" do #to make it clear that this token=${i%%:*} key=${i##*:} if [ "$token" == $1 ] ; then if [ "$key" != "" ] ; then # if FOUND encryption key. sent WITH encryption title=`echo -n $2 |openssl aes-256-cbc -K $key -iv 0 -base64 -A` desc=`echo -n $3 |openssl aes-256-cbc -K $key -iv 0 -base64 -A` curl -s -d '{"token":"'$1'", "encrypt":"true", "title":"'$title'", "desc":"'$desc'"}' -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST 'https://zbx.vovanys.com/push/sendPush_json.php' else # if NOT FOUND encryption key. sent without encryption curl -s -kdG "https://zbx.vovanys.com/push/sendPush.php?token=$1&title=$2&desc=$3" fi fi done else echo 'FAIL: Params not defined.' && echo 'Usage: zbxviewer2.sh Token Subject Message' fi
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Destiny's first major expansion in over a year is coming out this September
Destiny developer Bungie unveiled its first big addition to Destiny since The Taken King this afternoon. Rise of Iron is the interplanetary shooter-MMORPG's next expansion, and it's being released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on September 20th for $30 USD. (It's the first Destiny content that isn't being released for last-gen consoles, i.e., the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360.) Bungie dove into Rise of Iron for the first time with a Twitch stream this afternoon, one that introduced the game's new playable area — the Plaguelands, a devastated and dangerous part of what used to be Russia — and the mutated Fallen enemies that call it home. Rise of Iron details have been leaking for weeks Hardcore Destiny players have known about Rise of Iron since mid-May, when a leaked poster featuring Iron Banner head honcho Lord Saladin appeared on Reddit. Kotaku's Jason Schreier reported the expansion would include a new raid and more content than each of the game's first two DLC packs, The Dark Below and House of Wolves. The project sprung a few additional leaks yesterday thanks to the official Destiny website and an Xbox Store listing, revealing the game's release date and a great deal about its scope. And when a full-length trailer for the expansion popped up on Snapchat early this morning, it stole Bungie's thunder by revealing that the much-loved Gjallarhorn rocket launcher is becoming a viable weapon again, one you earn with an in-game quest or by preordering the expansion. There's more pressure on Rise of Iron than your average expansion pack for a two-year-old game. It has to meet the high expectations set by The Taken King and sustained by Destiny's recent April update, a quality-of-life tweak that sent many old players back to the Tower for the first time in months. It also has to tide those players over until the release of Destiny 2, a game that was rebooted and delayed into 2017 earlier this year. The reveal stream promised a cinematic new campaign, new patrol areas and social spaces, new PvP content, and a new raid; it won't take long for fans to gobble up every last activity. I'm more excited about Rise of Iron's narrative potential than any new gameplay elements it has to offer. The greatest weakness of the original Destiny was its failure to use and communicate the game's extensive lore, relegating all of its characters and stories to trading cards that lived online. The Taken King did a much better job of tapping into the game's mythology and figures and weaving them into players' daily adventures. If Rise of Iron can do the same with the human heroes and ancient technology that give the expansion its name, it'll have the staying power needed to carry Destiny into 2017 and beyond. What will Bungie show off at E3? The end of the reveal stream left one specific question hanging in the air: what is Bungie going to show off next week at E3? Destiny's had a major presence at gaming's biggest event for the last two years, and The Taken King's announcement gobbled up a prime slot at last year's Sony press conference. Bungie and Sony have partnered for timed exclusive content over the last few years, and PlayStation's Rise of Iron players will enjoy the same sort of deal. "At launch, PlayStation games will also get access to a collection of timed exclusive content for Rise of Iron," reads a Bungie press release. "Content and timing of exclusivity to be announced at a later date." I'm willing to bet that "later date" will be Sony's E3 press conference, but we'll find out either way in less than a week.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Ohio State Route 715
State Route 715 (SR 715) is an east–west state highway in the central portion of the U.S. state of Ohio. Both of its termini are at US 36, with its western endpoint approximately 4.50 mi southeast of Danville, and its eastern end on the eastern village limits of Nellie. Near its eastern terminus, SR 715 crosses over the top of the Mohawk Dam.
Route description
SR 715 travels through eastern Knox County and western Coshocton County. There is no portion of SR 715 that is included within the National Highway System.
History
The highway was first designated in 1939. When it was first designated, SR 715 was routed along the current path of US 36 between the two current endpoints of SR 715. During this time, US 36 was routed along the current path of SR 715. In 1962, US 36 and SR 715 swapped alignments, such that US 36 now followed the southern alignment, and SR 715 the northern alignment between the two junctions, as each does to this day. Since then, SR 715 has not experienced any changes of major significance to its routing.
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WIKI
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Wired Intelligent Edge (Campus Switching and Routing)
Reply
Occasional Contributor I
Stacking
Hi all,
We're testing out Aruba switches (specifically the 2500 series). We've stacked together two switches and have them uplinked to our Cisco Nexus core. One uplink originates from one stack member, the other uplink is on the second stack member. The uplinks are bound in a port channel (lag) group..
We did some failover testing and failures on the stack cables and uplinks caused no network disruption. However, when we physically failed either member of the stack (primary or secondary), the traffic on the switch that remained up experienced a significant (ie >40 seconds) disruption. In our current Cisco environment, and with HP switches we're testing, this is not the case.
Anyone know how to mitigate this?
Re: Stacking
Not a clue right now.
But if you purshased the switches with their respective support, go and open a support case. They will asnwer you faster than people will do here.
If madjali is around well he might be able to asnwer you.
Could be a bug though... did you check the release notes and upgrade the firmware of those switches?
Cheers
Carlos
----------------------------------------------------
Product Manager - Aruba Networks
Alternetworks Corp
Frequent Contributor II
Re: Stacking
You running lacp between two nexus in a vpc configuration? 7k or 5k?
Occasional Contributor I
Re: Stacking
Correct. Vpc with Nexus 7k. Uplink failure from the stack to Nexus works great. It's failure of a stack member. I would think it's some kind of issue with Aruba stacking?
Aruba
Re: Stacking
DN1972,
While there is currently support for configuration syncronization between all members of the Arubastack, we do not currently support protocol syncronization. As such when the primary fails, the secondary has to re-learn things like Spanning Tree, OSPF routes, etc which will lead to a temporary impact on forwarding. If this is a L2 configuration, you can currently mitigate this by disabling Spanning Tree and enabling loop-protect to minimize the impact of STP re-sync. With respect to the port-channel, are you using a static LAG or a dynamic LAG using LACP? If dynamic, are your timers set for short or long (default)?
In the secondary member failure test case, are you actually seeing the primary actually continue forwarding? Reason I ask is whether you have split-detection enabled or disabled. If enabled (default), then in that situation specifically with two member stacks, the primary believes that it has failed for some reason and actually transitions to a dormant state. To avoid that, you need to disable split-detection.
In terms of the lack of protocol syncronization (aka Non Stop Forwarding/Bridging/Forwarding), I highly recommened you submit a feature request through the idea portal.
Best regards,
Madani
*** Edited - Should have said loop-protect, not loopguard ***
Frequent Contributor II
Re: Stacking
Sure, just showing total selfish interest. :smileywink:
Can you show the CAM table on one of these aruba switches?
If so can you post the switching table during normal operation, and then again during one of the stack member failures?
I guess maybe the switching table on the aruba may have stale information in it's table, and has not flushed it out when it's partner dies.
Also have you verified the nexus is forwarding frames across the vpc peer link to get to the last surving member of the stack?
Can you show LACP neighbor on the aruba too? It must be getting confused and the stack member time out must being aged out? Waht do you reckon? Maybe compare that with the cisco - which, I have to say - is going to be good right?
It's be great to see this - if you have time. thanks a million. I appreciate you are helping me so any thanks in advance.
Frequent Contributor II
Re: Stacking
hi Madani
when you say protocol sync - do you mean like LACP is unsupported (I know with cisco 3750s you used to only do cross stack etherchannel without procotol negotiaion - may have changed)
same kind of thing? Can you confirm?
Frequent Contributor II
Re: Stacking
on the cisco does the lacp neighbor show up as the same partner ID - or does it form like a secondary aggregator? the LAG id (just as already been mentioned needs to match - that is the cisco needs to see the same LAG id to form the port channel)
the LAG id needs to match from both aruba stack members - otherwise it will confuse the hell out of the cisco!!!
Maybe your LACP is failing and you are getting a spantree topology change? (as already said I think LOL)
below I have issued a VPC check for port channel 1001, from my 7k called "whatever" ( hostname names changed to protect me) - sorry if I am tellign you how to suck eggs :)
e.g.:
whatever# sh vpc consistency-parameters vpc 1001
Legend:
Type 1 : vPC will be suspended in case of mismatch
Name Type Local Value Peer Value
------------- ---- ---------------------- -----------------------
STP Port Type 1 Default Default
STP Port Guard 1 Default Default
STP MST Simulate PVST 1 Default Default
lag-id 1 [(7f9b, [(7f9b,
0-23-4-ee-be-65, 83e9, 0-23-4-ee-be-65, 83e9,
0, 0), (7f9b, 0, 0), (7f9b,
0-23-4-ee-be-6f, 8fa1, 0-23-4-ee-be-6f, 8fa1,
0, 0)] 0, 0)]
mode 1 active active
Speed 1 10 Gb/s 10 Gb/s
Duplex 1 full full
Port Mode 1 trunk trunk
Native Vlan 1 257 257
MTU 1 1500 1500
vPC card type 1 Clipper Clipper
Allowed VLANs - 1,101-103,107,602 1,101-103,107,602
Local suspended VLANs - - -
whatever#
Guru Elite
Re: Stacking
Protocol sync is referring to layer 3 routing protocols and STP/RSTP.
LACP is supported and is recommended.
Tim Cappalli | Aruba Security
@timcappalli | timcappalli.me | ACMX #367 / ACCX #480
Frequent Contributor II
Re: Stacking
Great stuff. Just sounded like a lacp adjacency problem, causing spanning tree to take control of failing over. But obviously I don't have the information. Many thanks for the confirmation.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Fasti ecclesiae Anglicanae Volume 3.djvu/156
150 YORK ARCHDEACONS OF NOTTINGHAM. John, archdeacon of Nottingham^ was a witness to a deed in 1174-''^. William de Thaney held this dignity in ii8i. Robert Fitz-William possessed it in 1188. William Testard held it in i 190, and was present at a council holdon at York in 1 1 95 '^. He became dean of York in 1214^''. William ue Rothkram held the office in 1219. William de Rodeham was possessed of it in 1224. Thomas de Wynton held this dignity about 1240. Henry de Schipton held it in 1262. Thomas de Eadrury was admitted iv Cal. Jan. (29th Dec.) 1286, vice Schipton deceased. William de Pickering, collated iv Id. Martii (12th March) 1 290. He had letters of protection dated 28th Sept. 1 294^^-, was the parliamentary })roxy of Thomas archbishop of York in 1302, and became dean of York in 1310. John de Grandison, collated iv Id. Oct. (12th Oct.) 13 10. He had letters of protection in 1316*^^ Ho was made bishop of Exeter in 1327. Gilbert de Alberwick, collated iv Id. Julii (r2th July) 1328^^ Maxuel de Flisco was presented about 1330; and on his resignation A MB ALDUS, cardinal y by the title of S. Laurent in Lu- cina, was collated ix Cal. Dec. (23rd Nov.) 1331. Robert de Kildeshv or Kihdesby held this arch- deaconry at his death in 1351. John de Rishopston was appointed by the King 13th «• MS. Cott.Tiber. F.vi. f. 1 1 7. «-' Pat. 22 Edw. I. ^ Spelm. Concil. torn. iii. p. '^* Pat. 10 Kdw. II. p. 1. 111.5. 123. ''^ Reg. Kbor. ^^ Pat. 16 Joh. p. 123.
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WIKI
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Birugaali
Birugaali (ಬಿರುಗಾಳಿ) is a 2009 Indian Kannada language action film written and directed by Harsha making his second directorial after Geleya. The film stars Chetan Kumar of Aa Dinagalu fame along with Sithara Vaidya, Charisma Bharadwaj and Tara in main roles. The film featured the musical score by Arjun Janya which was received positively among the critics and masses.
The film released on 6 February 2009 across Karnataka with a U/A certification for its excessive violence content. Upon release, the film generally met average reviews from the critics for its conventional script and audience.
Cast
* Chetan Kumar as Hacchi
* Sitara Vaidya as Anju
* Charisma Bharadwaj
* Tara
* Kishore
* Mico Nagaraj
* Sadashiva Brahmavar
* Kuri Prathap
* Rajendra Karanth as Anna Sait
* K. D. Venkatesh
Production
The lead actor Chetan Kumar underwent a rigorous body building regime developing a six-pack abs for his role. Director Harsha lauded his training skills at the audio launch and also told that the film would showcase his dancing skills which was not exhibited in his last film Aa Dinagalu. The film was shot in Greece locales for two songs and also included an under-water action scene.
Soundtrack
The audio comprises a total of 7 original songs with 2 repeated tracks and one instrumental theme all composed by Arjun Janya. The audio launch took place at a Bangalore hotel in January 2009. Noted music director Gurukiran released the audio in the presence of entire film team
The audio was received very positively and the songs "Madhura Pisumaatige" and "Hoovina Baanadante", both written by Jayanth Kaikini, earned maximum positive reviews and were on the top of the charts for many weeks. The songs were also nominated at various award functions of the year 2009.
Critical response
R G Vijayasarathy of Rediff.com scored the film at 2 out of 5 stars and wrote "H C Venu's cinematography and Arjun's music are well done. Two chart buster songs Madhura Pisumaahige and Helbid Helbid written by Jayanth Kaikini and Kaviraj are very catchy. But all this doesn't take away the fact that Harsha's Birugaali is just old wine in an old bottle!" The Times of India scored the film at 2.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "It is a treat to watch Chethan excelling in romantic, action and sentimental sequences. Sitara is impressive. Tara is excellent. H C Venu walks away with honours for his brilliant camerawork. Music by Arjun is okay". A critic from The New Indian Express wrote "As the story develops, Hachu antagonises an underworld don. A police officer (played by Kishore), kills Anju but repents later for his action. Finally, Hachu decides to lead a lonely life. Despite all its shortcomings, Birugaalitouches an emotional chord".
Awards
* Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada - Shamitha Malnad
* Suvarna Film Award for Best Female Singer - Shamitha Malnad
* South Scope Film Award for Best Music Director - Arjun Janya
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WIKI
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Apache
Writers
those pipes all are using common sling (or other) APIs to modify content. You'll probably need some reader pipes and/or logical pipes first to put you into the right context.
Write Pipe (write(conf))
writes given nodes and properties to current input resource
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/write
• conf node tree that will be copied to the current input of the pipe, each property's names and value will be written to the input resource. Input resource will be outputed. Note that properties that will be evaluated (in an expression) as null for a given input resource will be removed from it. E.g. ./conf/some/node@prop=${null} will add ./conf/some/node structure if not in current input resource, but remove its prop property if any).
• expr used if no configuration node provided: path of a content tree this will write to the current destination (basically a deep copy)
For most of the case where you just need to write properties, pipe builder API allows you to e.g.
.echo('/content/foo')
.write('foo1','bar1','foo2','bar2')
will write @foo1=bar1 and @foo2=bar2 in /content/foo. For more complicated cases where you need a structure to be written, just use a JCR / Resource explorer to edit the persistence of the pipe, and create the given structured under conf.
Note that using expr you need configuration node not to be here, and {{write}} shortcut creates one systematically. So if you want to use pipe builder and that, you'd need something like
.echo('/content/destination')
.pipe("slingPipes/write").expr("/content/source")
MovePipe (mv(expr))
JCR move of current input to target path (can be a node or a property)
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/mv
• expr full target path, note that parent path must exists
.echo("/content/foo/old/location")
.mv("/content/bar/new/location")
RemovePipe (rm())
removes the input resource, returns the parent, regardless of the resource being a node, or a property
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/rm
• conf node tree that will be used to filter relative properties & subtrees to the current resource to remove. A subnode is considered to be removed if it has no property configured, nore any child.
more common usage is just without configuration node, removing incoming resource
.echo("/content/foo/toRemove")
.rm()
PathPipe (mkdir(expr))
get or create path given in expression. Uses ResourceUtil.getOrCreateResource
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/path
• nodeType node type of the intermediate nodes to create
• autosave should save at each creation (will make things slow, but sometimes you don't have choice)
.mkdir("/content/foo/bar")
will create a /content/foo/bar path of sling:Folder nodes
PackagePipe (pkg(expr))
will create a package and add current resource as a filter. At the end of super pipe execution, will attempt to build the package - sling:resourceType is slingPipes/package - expr package path
This example searches for folders in a given location and package them up
.echo("/content/foo/bar")
.$("sling:Folder")
.pkg("/etc/packages/foobar-folders.zip")
AuthorizablePipe (auth(conf))
retrieve authorizable resource corresponding to the id passed in expression, or if not found (or void expression), from the input path, output the found authorizable's resource caution this pipe can modify content in case additional configuration is added (see below)
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/authorizable
• expr should be an authorizable id, or void (but then input should be an authorizable)
• autoCreateGroup (boolean) if autorizable id is here, but the authorizable not present, then create group with given id (in that case, considered as a write pipe)
• addMembers (stringified json array) if authorizable is a group, add instanciated members to it (in that case, considered as a write pipe)
• addToGroup (expression) add found authorizable to instanciated group (in that case, considered as a write pipe)
• bindMembers (boolean) if found authorizable is a group, bind the members (in that case, considered as a write pipe)
This example creates a group
.auth("createGroup", true).expr("foo-bar")
This example searches for users in a given location and add them to foo-bar group
.echo("/home/users/foo")
.$("rep:User")
.auth("addToGroup", "foo-bar")
In this example, auth is not writing anything but makes use of bind members and json to create one content tree per admin
.auth("bindMembers",true).expr("administrators")
.json('${one}')
.mkdir('/content/admin-users/${two}')
ACLPipe (acls(), allow(expr), deny(expr))
either output ACL of current resource in the output bindings, or allow / deny default or configured privileges for the authorizable passed as the expression
• sling:resourceType is slingPipes/acl
• expr should be an authorizable id, or void
• allow (boolean) to allow some privileges for configured authorizable
• deny (boolean) to deny some privileges for configured authorizable
following will give bar-users authorizable the aggregate privilege (jcr:all) on /content/foo/bar
.echo("/content/foo/bar")
.allow("bar-users")
following will give bar-users authorizable the specific rights to read|write on /content/foo/bar
.echo("/content/foo/bar")
.allow("bar-users").with("jcr:privileges",[jcr:read,jcr:write]))
and following will deny bar-users authorizable to read on /content/foo/bar
.echo("/content/foo/bar")
.deny("bar-users")
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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blob: b9cb5d88674c471508510ea832caa1d6fab71b18 [file] [log] [blame]
#ifndef _STLP_PTRS_SPECIALIZE_H
#define _STLP_PTRS_SPECIALIZE_H
#if defined (_STLP_CLASS_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION) || \
(defined (_STLP_SIMULATE_PARTIAL_SPEC_FOR_TYPE_TRAITS) && !defined (_STLP_NO_ARROW_OPERATOR))
# define _STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( _TpP )
# define _STLP_DEFINE_ARROW_OPERATOR pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
#else
# ifndef _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_H
# include <stl/type_traits.h>
# endif
// the following is a workaround for arrow operator problems
# if defined ( _STLP_NO_ARROW_OPERATOR )
// User wants to disable proxy -> operators
# define _STLP_DEFINE_ARROW_OPERATOR
# else
// Compiler can handle generic -> operator.
# if defined (__BORLANDC__)
# define _STLP_DEFINE_ARROW_OPERATOR pointer operator->() const { return &(*(*this)); }
# elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
# define _STLP_DEFINE_ARROW_OPERATOR pointer operator->() const { reference x = operator*(); return &x; }
# else
# define _STLP_DEFINE_ARROW_OPERATOR pointer operator->() const { return &(operator*()); }
# endif
# endif /* _STLP_NO_ARROW_OPERATOR */
// Important pointers specializations
# ifdef _STLP_SIMULATE_PARTIAL_SPEC_FOR_TYPE_TRAITS
# define _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE_V(_Type)
# define _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type)
# else
# define _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type) _STLP_TEMPLATE_NULL struct __type_traits<_Type> : __type_traits_aux<__true_type> {};
# define _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE_V(_Type) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type*) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(const _Type*) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type**) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type* const *) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(const _Type**) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(_Type***) \
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE(const _Type***)
# endif
# define _STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE(_Type) _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE_V(_Type)
_STLP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
# if !defined ( _STLP_NO_BOOL )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( bool )
# endif
_STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE_V(void)
# ifndef _STLP_NO_SIGNED_BUILTINS
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( signed char )
# endif
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( char )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( unsigned char )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( short )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( unsigned short )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( int )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( unsigned int )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( long )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( unsigned long )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( float )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( double )
# if !defined ( _STLP_NO_LONG_DOUBLE )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( long double )
# endif
# if defined ( _STLP_LONG_LONG)
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( _STLP_LONG_LONG )
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( unsigned _STLP_LONG_LONG )
# endif
# if defined ( _STLP_HAS_WCHAR_T ) && ! defined (_STLP_WCHAR_T_IS_USHORT)
_STLP_POINTERS_SPECIALIZE( wchar_t )
# endif
_STLP_END_NAMESPACE
# undef _STLP_ARROW_SPECIALIZE
# undef _STLP_TYPE_TRAITS_POD_SPECIALIZE_V
#endif
#endif
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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U.K. Embraces Tour de France - The Daily Fix - WSJ
This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. To order presentation-ready copies for distribution to your colleagues, clients or customers visit http://www.djreprints.com. http://blogs.wsj.com/dailyfix/2014/07/07/u-k-embraces-tour-de-france/ The 2014 Tour de France begins its third and final day in England on Monday, after a dramatic weekend in Yorkshire which saw top sprinter Mark Cavendish crash out of the race and millions of spectators lining the steep climbs of the Yorkshire dales. After the category 3 and 4 climbs put French rider Cyril Lemoine in the polka-dot King of the Mountains jersey and Vincenzo Nibalithe Italian star of Team Astanain the yellow jersey, it's time for something a little flatter. Monday consists of a flat 130km stage from Cambridgeknown for students in gowns riding bikes through picturesque collegesto London, to relive the memories of the 2012 Olympics, retracing in part the route of the Olympic men's road race. The regrettable absence of Mark Cavendish is a blow to hopes of a British home win, but local riders will for sure be eager to show themselves in this last stage in the UK, the organizers said on the official web site. One hopeful: Geraint Thomas, who looked good in a breakaway Sunday. The Tour's adventure into God's own county, as locals refer to it, was filled with drama. Saturday's opening sage had been tailor-made for Cavendish to finally wear the yellow jersey, which has eluded him even after 25 stage wins. It even finished in his mum's home town. But on the absolute final stretcharound 600 feet from the finish linehe collided with Orica-GreenEdge's Simon Gerrans. Cavendish had leaned on the Australian to try and get into position in the final sprint: instead of carving out a route, he hit the road and dislocated his shoulder. Germany's Marcel Kittel got to take the podium in Harrogate instead. Yorkshire, and the U.K., has embarked on a massive charm offensive U.K.at the tour. Prince William, his wife Kate and brother Harry launched the race on Saturday. Prime minister David Cameron was at the finish line. Fashion designer Paul Smith created special posters for the three UK stages. Every city and village on the route was decked out with bunting, bikes covered in Yorkshire puddings (a savory batter pudding served with Sunday roast), and pubs served special Tour de France-inspired beers. Matteo Trentin, a rider for Belgian team Omega Pharma-Quick Step compared the crowds lining the route to legendary French mountain stage in Alpe d'Huez, a regular fixture since 1952. Thought stage today!! And again..impressive crowd..every town and every climb was like Alpe d'Huez today! #beautiful #TDFyorkshire MATTEO TRENTIN (@MATTEOTRENTIN) July 6, 2014 Rodney Walker, from organizers TDF Hub, told local media there were 2.5 million people watching by the road on Sunday's stage. It started in York, where Bishopsthorpe road, an enclave of gourmet delis and cafes that rebranded itself as Rue de Bishy and served French favorites, to Sheffield, where the peloton faced a grueling 10.8% gradient on a final climb up Jenkin Road. Cambridge, Essex and London have a hard act to follow todayas the local news in Yorkshire proudly tweeted, citing TdF general director Christian Prudhomme: The Tour's general director Christian Prudhomme says it was the the grandest Grand Depart ever. BBC Look North (@BBCLookNorth) July 7, 2014 Fallujah's Importance to Islamic State Helped Iraq Retake It In Brexit Trading, Machine Beats Man Facebook to Give Friends' Posts More Weight Do-It-Yourself Painting Fad Puts Couples in a Ticklish Spot Tiny Company Hits King-Size Diamond Jackpot How the 'Bralette' Has Upended Victoria's Secret Public-Private Partnerships Aim to Bolster 'Cancer Moonshot' Initiative How Online Lenders Can Finance Home Improvements New Evidence Sheds Light on 'Hobbit' Demise Subscribe NowSign In WSJ Membership Customer Service Tools & Features Ads More Copyright 2014 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved This copy is for your personal, non-commercial use only. Distribution and use of this material are governed by our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. For non-personal use or to order multiple copies, please contact Dow Jones Reprints at 1-800-843-0008 or visit www.djreprints.com.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Reading the policy file
Discussion in 'Java' started by J. M., Aug 14, 2003.
1. J. M.
J. M. Guest
There's something I don't understand...
If I try to read a file, then a permission check is made on the policy
file that was loaded in memory. If the policy file says that I have
permission to read the file then the file is read. If not then the
file is not read.
That's good... but...
When Java loads the policy file in memory, it reads a file so how does
it do that if there is no policy file loaded in memory and therefore
it doesn't have the permission to read a file?
J. M., Aug 14, 2003
#1
1. Advertisements
2. Roedy Green
Roedy Green Guest
On 14 Aug 2003 13:46:22 -0700, (J. M.) wrote or
quoted :
>When Java loads the policy file in memory, it reads a file so how does
>it do that if there is no policy file loaded in memory and therefore
>it doesn't have the permission to read a file?
Sun code is allowed to do many things that ordinary application code
is not. If it were not, it would never even get started.
I'm still trying to piece together how this all works.
My current guess is that sun booby traps the code in various critical
places saying in effect, "You must have permission X" to continue.
There are also calls of the form "Do I have permission X?" I want to
find out now before I dismantle the plumbing.
There is also some sort of proxy system where the code says, I may/may
not be permitted to do this, but I am doing on behalf of A, and A has
permission.
There is lots of detail, but I have not found something that explains
how it all fits together from a bird's eye perspective.
--
Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green.
Coaching, problem solving, economical contract programming.
See http://mindprod.com/jgloss/jgloss.html for The Java Glossary.
Roedy Green, Aug 14, 2003
#2
1. Advertisements
3. Neomorph
Neomorph Guest
On Thu, 14 Aug 2003 22:28:11 GMT, Roedy Green <>
two-finger typed:
>On 14 Aug 2003 13:46:22 -0700, (J. M.) wrote or
>quoted :
>
>>When Java loads the policy file in memory, it reads a file so how does
>>it do that if there is no policy file loaded in memory and therefore
>>it doesn't have the permission to read a file?
>
>Sun code is allowed to do many things that ordinary application code
>is not. If it were not, it would never even get started.
The policy file is loaded by the active SecurityManager, which sets the
security options according to the file - so the security isn't in place
until the file has been read.
>I'm still trying to piece together how this all works.
>
It is quite well described in the documentation for the SecurityManager.
>
>My current guess is that sun booby traps the code in various critical
>places saying in effect, "You must have permission X" to continue.
No guessing neccessary, that is exactly how it works.
>
>There are also calls of the form "Do I have permission X?" I want to
>find out now before I dismantle the plumbing.
Classes like FileInputStream, URLConnection, etc. check with the security
manager if their actions are allowed before they continue. If not the throw
the SecurityException.
>There is also some sort of proxy system where the code says, I may/may
>not be permitted to do this, but I am doing on behalf of A, and A has
>permission.
Actually, when Applets are signed, certain allowances can be given through
the Applet SecurityManager. The signing does not say 'on behalf of', it is
merely meant to identify the creator and the user can make a decision if he
trusts that creator enough to let the Applet do things it is normally not
allowed to do.
If the Applet does destroy your system or extracts private material and
sends it elsewhere (and you find out about it, of course), you can find the
SOB who programmed the Applet/got the certificate through the certifying
agency and kick him where you please.
>
>There is lots of detail, but I have not found something that explains
>how it all fits together from a bird's eye perspective.
Sun has quite in-depth documentation on these things, but they are quite
cumbersome to go through (very dry material - could compete with the Sahara
- just like the official docs on JavaBeans).
Cheers.
Neomorph, Aug 15, 2003
#3
4. Roedy Green
Roedy Green Guest
On Fri, 15 Aug 2003 13:39:28 +0200, Neomorph
<> wrote or quoted :
>>There is also some sort of proxy system where the code says, I may/may
>>not be permitted to do this, but I am doing on behalf of A, and A has
>>permission.
What I was referring to was this piece of lucid prose:
Note that the checkPermission method with just a single permission
argument always performs security checks within the context of the
currently executing thread. Sometimes a security check that should be
made within a given context will actually need to be done from within
a different context (for example, from within a worker thread). The
getSecurityContext method and the checkPermission method that includes
a context argument are provided for this situation. The
getSecurityContext method returns a "snapshot" of the current calling
context. (The default implementation returns an AccessControlContext
object.) A sample call is the following:
Object context = null;
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) context = sm.getSecurityContext();
--
Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green.
Coaching, problem solving, economical contract programming.
See http://mindprod.com/jgloss/jgloss.html for The Java Glossary.
Roedy Green, Aug 15, 2003
#4
5. Roedy Green
Roedy Green Guest
On Fri, 15 Aug 2003 13:39:28 +0200, Neomorph
<> wrote or quoted :
>Sun has quite in-depth documentation on these things, but they are quite
>cumbersome to go through (very dry material - could compete with the =
>Sahara
Perhaps you can clear up a few mysteries.
Why is there a SecurityController.checkPermission and
AccessController.checkPermission? What's the difference?
what is doPrivileged for?
1. just a quick way to wrap some code in a permission test
2. a way to override the usual permission test, and permit the
operation even though it would usually fail.
3. It is for critical code that must have only one thread at a time
access?
4. It is just some more dynamic version of checkPermission?
5. Is this something for Sun code to use, or application code or both?
Why do they say to keep the run method of doPrivileged short? This
implies doPrivileged does some sort of synchronised lock.
--
Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green.
Coaching, problem solving, economical contract programming.
See http://mindprod.com/jgloss/jgloss.html for The Java Glossary.
Roedy Green, Aug 15, 2003
#5
6. Roedy Green
Roedy Green Guest
On Fri, 15 Aug 2003 19:38:01 GMT, Roedy Green <>
wrote or quoted :
>what is doPrivileged for?
Here is my best guess:
Sun's code, may have privilege, even though the caller of the code may
not. Sun's code can say in effect, it does not matter if the caller
has sufficient privilege, I do, and I vouch that what I am doing on
the caller's behalf is safe. If you trust me, trust that this is safe,
even if you don't trust the caller. Here is an example in Sun's code
in PrintWriter of checking permission to look at the line.separator
system property. It permits the operation if the PrintWriter code has
permission even if the caller does not.
String lineSeparator =
(String) java.security.AccessController .doPrivileged(
new sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction ( "line.separator" )) ;
--
Canadian Mind Products, Roedy Green.
Coaching, problem solving, economical contract programming.
See http://mindprod.com/jgloss/jgloss.html for The Java Glossary.
Roedy Green, Aug 15, 2003
#6
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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No Name/Between the Scenes 4/VIII
VIII.
From Norah Vanstone to Mr. Pendril.
"Portland Place, Wednesday.
"DEAR MR. PENDRIL—Pray don't think I am ungrateful for your kindness. Indeed, indeed I am not! But I must see Mrs. Lecount. You were not aware when you wrote to me that I had received a few lines from Magdalen—not telling me where she is, but holding out the hope of our meeting before long. Perhaps Mrs. Lecount may have something to say to me on this very subject. Even if it should not be so, my sister—do what she may—is still my sister. I can't desert her; I can't turn my back on any one who comes to me in her name. You know, dear Mr. Pendril, I have always been obstinate on this subject, and you have always borne with me. Let me owe another obligation to you which I can never return, and bear with me still!
"Need I say that I willingly accept that part of your advice which refers to Miss Garth? I have already written to beg that she will come here at four to-morrow afternoon. When you see Mrs. Lecount, please inform her that Miss Garth will be with me, and that she will find us both ready to receive her here to-morrow at four o'clock. Gratefully yours,
"NORAH VANSTONE."
|
WIKI
|
Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry
Oertelt-Prigione S, de Rooij BH, Mols F, Oerlemans S, Husson O, Schoormans D, Haanen JB, van de Poll-Franse LV (2021)
European Journal of Cancer 156: 24-34.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz | Veröffentlicht | Englisch
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Autor*in
Oertelt-Prigione, SabineUniBi ; de Rooij, Belle H.; Mols, Floortje; Oerlemans, Simone; Husson, Olga; Schoormans, Dounya; Haanen, John B.; van de Poll-Franse, Lonneke V.
Abstract / Bemerkung
Background Previous reports highlight the greater number of side effects that women experience during cancer treatment, but little is known about sex differences in symptoms and functioning in long-term survivors. Methods We investigated sex differences in the prevalence of physical (EORTC QLQ-C30) and emotional symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and loss of functioning (EORTC QLQ-C30) in 5339 cancer survivors (55% males). General linear models were computed to assess the differences in symptoms and functioning between female and male cancer survivors and between survivors and an age-matched reference population. Results The direct comparison between female and male cancer survivors identified more symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting (M = 5.0 versus. 3.2), insomnia (M = 26.1 versus. 15.9), anxiety (M = 5.2 versus. 4.2), and lower physical (M = 77.5 versus. 82.5) and emotional functioning (M = 83.4 versus. 86.3), in female survivors. However, comparison with an age-matched reference population demonstrated that several symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety and depression, appeared to be more frequent in male patients. The investigation of functioning domains — compared with a reference population — highlighted further sex-specific differences. Female survivors experienced a moderate net loss in physical and cognitive functioning (−6.1 [95% CI = −8.1; −4,1] and −5.2 respectively [95% CI = −7; −3.5]), whereas male survivors displayed a significant net loss in role and social functioning compared to the reference population (−9.9 [95% CI = −11.2; −8.6] and −7.7 [95% CI = −9.6; −7.6] respectively). Conclusion To adequately capture sex differences in symptoms and functioning in long-term cancer survivors, a comparison with a reference population should always be considered. In our study population, this adjustment highlighted a significant and unexpected long-term impact on male patients. Role and social functioning were especially impacted in male patients, emphasizing the need to further investigate these gendered domains.
Erscheinungsjahr
2021
Zeitschriftentitel
European Journal of Cancer
Band
156
Seite(n)
24-34
ISSN
09598049
Page URI
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2959958
Zitieren
Oertelt-Prigione S, de Rooij BH, Mols F, et al. Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry. European Journal of Cancer. 2021;156:24-34.
Oertelt-Prigione, S., de Rooij, B. H., Mols, F., Oerlemans, S., Husson, O., Schoormans, D., Haanen, J. B., et al. (2021). Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry. European Journal of Cancer, 156, 24-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.019
Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine, de Rooij, Belle H., Mols, Floortje, Oerlemans, Simone, Husson, Olga, Schoormans, Dounya, Haanen, John B., and van de Poll-Franse, Lonneke V. 2021. “Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry”. European Journal of Cancer 156: 24-34.
Oertelt-Prigione, S., de Rooij, B. H., Mols, F., Oerlemans, S., Husson, O., Schoormans, D., Haanen, J. B., and van de Poll-Franse, L. V. (2021). Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry. European Journal of Cancer 156, 24-34.
Oertelt-Prigione, S., et al., 2021. Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry. European Journal of Cancer, 156, p 24-34.
S. Oertelt-Prigione, et al., “Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry”, European Journal of Cancer, vol. 156, 2021, pp. 24-34.
Oertelt-Prigione, S., de Rooij, B.H., Mols, F., Oerlemans, S., Husson, O., Schoormans, D., Haanen, J.B., van de Poll-Franse, L.V.: Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry. European Journal of Cancer. 156, 24-34 (2021).
Oertelt-Prigione, Sabine, de Rooij, Belle H., Mols, Floortje, Oerlemans, Simone, Husson, Olga, Schoormans, Dounya, Haanen, John B., and van de Poll-Franse, Lonneke V. “Sex-differences in symptoms and functioning in >5000 cancer survivors: Results from the PROFILES registry”. European Journal of Cancer 156 (2021): 24-34.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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emacs-web-server (1.5.1-5) unstable; urgency=medium * Team upload. * d/elpa-test: Disable native compilation of trampolines due to https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=61880. -- Sergio Durigan Junior Tue, 28 Feb 2023 18:02:36 -0500 emacs-web-server (1.5.1-4) unstable; urgency=medium * Migrate to dh 13 without d/compat * d/control: Add Rules-Requires-Root: no * d/control: Declare Standards-Version 4.5.1 (no changes needed) * d/control: Drop Built-Using field * d/control: Drop emacs25 from Enhances * d/copyright: Bump copyright years -- Lev Lamberov Sat, 16 Jan 2021 16:21:38 +0500 emacs-web-server (1.5.1-3) unstable; urgency=medium * Team upload. * Rebuild with current dh-elpa -- David Bremner Sun, 25 Aug 2019 09:30:07 -0300 emacs-web-server (1.5.1-2) unstable; urgency=medium * Team upload. * Rebuild with dh-elpa 1.13 to fix byte-compilation with unversioned emacs -- David Bremner Sat, 02 Jun 2018 20:23:57 -0300 emacs-web-server (1.5.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium * New upstream version 1.5.1 * Migrate to dh 11 * d/control: Change Vcs-{Browser,Git} URL to salsa.debian.org * d/control: Declare Standards-Version 4.1.4 (no changes needed) * d/control: Update Maintainer field (to Debian Emacsen team) * d/control: Enhance emacs25, not emacs24 * d/control: Remove emacs from Depends * d/copyright: Bump copyright years * d/copyright: Use HTTPS URL in copyright * d/rules: Don't pass --parallel to dh -- Lev Lamberov Thu, 31 May 2018 20:52:55 +0500 emacs-web-server (1.4.6-2) unstable; urgency=low * Add debian/watch file -- Lev Lamberov Fri, 14 Oct 2016 17:30:35 +0500 emacs-web-server (1.4.6-1) unstable; urgency=low * Initial release (Closes: #840549) -- Lev Lamberov Wed, 12 Oct 2016 20:50:49 +0500
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Walter Scott - The Monastery (Henry Frowde, 1912).djvu/213
RV 145 (Rh) game than that of courtly gallants in a galliard, so I hold it ineffably and unutterably impossible that those who may succeed us in that garden of wit and courtesy shall alter or amend it. Venus delighted but in the language of Mercury, Bucephalus will stoop to no one but Alexander, none can sound Apollo's pipe but Orpheus.'
'Valiant sir,' said Mary, who could scarcely help laughing, 'we have but to rejoice in the chance which hath honoured this solitude with a glimpse of the sun of courtesy, though it rather blinds than enlightens us.'
'Pretty and quaint, fairest lady,' answered the Euphuist. 'Ah, that I had with me my Anatomy of Wit—that all-to-be-unparalleled
volume—that quintessence of human wit—that treasury of quaint invention—that exquisitively-pleasant-to-read, and inevitably-necessary-to-be-remembered manual, of all that is worthy to be known—which indoctrines the rude in civility, the dull in intellectuality, the heavy in jocosity, the blunt in gentility, the vulgar in nobility, and all of them in that unutterable perfection of human utterance, that eloquence which no other eloquence is sufficient to praise, that art which, when we call it by its own name of Euphuism, we bestow on it its richest panegyric.'
'By Saint Mary,' said Christie of the Clinthill, 'if your worship had told me that you had left such stores of wealth
|
WIKI
|
Is It Actually That Bad To Hold In Your Pee?
Sometimes you gotta go…but you just. don't. want. to. Is that dangerous?
Image may contain Droplet Human and Person
Krockodilius / Getty Images
Here’s some good news for those of us who sometimes get so in the zone—or are just so damn lazy—that we can’t even make ourselves get up to pee. Despite what you may have heard, crossing your legs and holding it in is not going to cause a bladder or kidney infection. (Phew.) But that doesn’t mean that it’s a good idea to sit at your desk all day and forward nature’s calls.
Typically speaking, an average person on an average day will probably pee four to six times, and can go up to four hours or so between bathroom trips. Waiting much longer than that is “truly not ideal,” Lisa Hawes, M.D., from Chesapeake Urology Associates in Maryland, tells SELF, rather diplomatically. Especially not if you do it all the time.
“You don’t want the bladder to get overfull and stretch and increase its size,” she explains. If you consistently keep your bladder packed to the max, it could stretch to be able to hold 20 or even 30 ounces of urine, instead of the normal 10-15 ounces. Then, “you have all this excess bladder capacity, so it doesn’t sense when it’s full. It also doesn’t squeeze as well, so it doesn’t empty all the way.”
When your bladder doesn’t empty properly, that’s when you start to run a higher risk of urinary tract infections. “When you get bacteria in there and it sits for six hours before you urinate, it has a better chance of getting a foothold,” Hawes says. And if you already have a UTI, holding it (if you’re even able to) can increase the chances of that bacteria making its way up to the kidneys and causing a full-on kidney infection, which comes with fever, shaking, and chills.
More likely, you're just going to make yourself super uncomfortable. And (speaking from experience) if you're sitting at your desk or lying awake in bed trying to ignore the urge for hours, you probably should just get the hell up anyway.
When You Really Gotta Pee On A Plane:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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UPDATE 2-Air China profit misses analyst expectations, shares slump
* Chinese flag carrier’s HK shares fall as much as 7.4 pct
* Profits hit by higher-than-expected operating costs
* Senior exec says keeping close eye on China’s new oil futures (Adds exec comments, share price)
By Brenda Goh
SHANGHAI, March 28 (Reuters) - Air China Ltd’s shares fell sharply on Wednesday after the carrier reported an annual profit that fell short of analysts’ forecasts due to higher-than-expected operating costs.
The flag carrier’s Hong Kong shares dipped as much as 7.4 percent in their worst day since early February, while its Shanghai shares dropped nearly 5 percent.
Air China said late on Tuesday that 2017 net profit rose 6.3 percent to 7.24 billion yuan ($1.15 billion), marking its strongest profit growth since 2011. However, it fell below a 9.22 billion yuan average estimate from 17 analysts in a Thomson Reuters poll. Revenue rose 7.7 percent to 121.4 billion yuan.
The earnings were “a disappointment to the market”, BOCOM International analyst Geoffrey Cheng said in a note. “Fuel cost, aircraft and engine operating lease expenses, and repair and maintenance costs surprised us on the upside.”
The company said fuel costs jumped 29.2 percent to 6.42 billion yuan, contributing to a 15 percent rise in operating expenses.
Unlike many of their overseas peers, Chinese airlines do not hedge fuel buys after they suffered heavy losses in 2008. This helped when oil prices plunged in mid-2014 but now leaves them vulnerable as prices rise.
At a press briefing on Wednesday when asked about its interest in the newly-launched yuan-denominated oil futures, Air China’s board secretary Zhou Feng said the company has been keeping a close eye on the development, but has not yet formulated plans to use the contract to hedge its fuel costs.
Air China’s passenger yield fell 0.45 percent in 2017, even though passenger numbers were up 5.2 percent. Luo Yong, Air China’s managing director for marketing, said the firm had raised ticket prices across international and domestic routes, but was being impacted by excess capacity on certain routes.
“The main problem was operational investment into United States and Australia routes far exceeded demand growth,” he said.
“But this year, our forecast for routes to these two regions is that (the situation) has reached a very low trough so the likelihood that price levels will fall much further is not big.”
Zhou said the firm was positive on the cargo market, adding that he did not expect fears of a brewing U.S.-China trade war to impact air cargo demand. Cargo revenue jumped 23.5 percent last year.
The company also said currency fluctuations remained a risk as a 1 percent change in the yuan against the dollar could drive a 279 million yuan change in net profit.
Air China and its main rivals have taken out many dollar-denominated loans to buy aircraft, so the strengthening of the yuan has helped them cut financing costs. Its profits were helped by 2.94 billion yuan in foreign exchange gains last year.
($1 = 6.2795 Chinese yuan)
Reporting by Brenda Goh; Additional Reporting by Liu Luoyan Editing by Christopher Cushing and Subhranshu Sahu
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Nikkei rises on Wall Street strength, yen weakness
TOKYO, May 17 (Reuters) - Japanese stocks rose on Tuesday after investor appetites were increased by a strong performance on Wall Street, higher oil prices and a weaker yen. The Nikkei share average climbed 1.1 percent to end the day at 16,652.80. The U.S. dollar strengthened and ended the Tokyo trading day above 109 yen, boosting the profit outlook for Japan’s exporters. Home appliance and electronics exporter Panasonic Corp ended the day 1.7 percent higher. Japan-based suppliers of parts for Apple Inc’s iPhone were higher after the tech giant’s stock soared on an investment from Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway. Japan Display Inc shares ended the day 2.5 percent higher while Minebea Co rose 2.6 percent. Cosmetics maker Shiseido Co gained 2.1 percent after Daiwa Securities raised its rating for the stock to “outperform” from “neutral”. Sony Financial Holdings bucked the day’s strength and tumbled 4.9 percent after the insurance company reported its net profit for the year ended March 2016 fell 20 percent from a year earlier. The broader Topix rose 1.1 percent to end the day at 1,335.85 with all but one of its 33 subindexes in positive territory. The JPX-Nikkei Index 400 climbed 1 percent to 12,086.52. (Reporting by Joshua Hunt; Editing by Richard Borsuk)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Robert Koch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Robert Koch
Robert Koch BeW.jpg
Born (1843-12-11)11 December 1843
Clausthal, Kingdom of Hanover
Died 27 May 1910(1910-05-27) (aged 66)
Baden-Baden, Grand Duchy of Baden
Nationality German
Fields Microbiology
Institutions Imperial Health Office, Berlin, University of Berlin
Alma mater University of Göttingen
Doctoral advisor Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle
Known for Discovery bacteriology
Koch's postulates of germ theory
Isolation of anthrax, tuberculosis and cholera
Influenced Friedrich Loeffler
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Medicine (1905)
Signature
Robert Heinrich Herman Koch (11 December 1843 – 27 May 1910), the founder of modern bacteriology, is known for his role in identifying the specific causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and for giving experimental support for the concept of infectious disease.[1] In addition to his pioneering studies on these diseases, Koch created and improved significant laboratory technologies and techniques in the field of microbiology, and made a number of key discoveries pertaining to public health.[2] His research led to the creation of Koch’s postulates, a series of four generalized principles linking specific microorganisms to particular diseases which remain today the “gold standard” in medical microbiology.[2] As a result of his groundbreaking research on tuberculosis, Koch received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905.[2]
Personal life[edit]
Robert Koch was born in Clausthal, Hanover, Germany, on 11 December 1843, to Hermann Koch and Mathilde Julie Henriette Biewand.[3] Koch excelled in academics from an early age. Before entering school in 1848, Koch had taught himself how to read and write.[1] He graduated from high school in 1862, having excelled in science and math.[1] At the age of 19, Koch entered the University of Göttingen, studying natural science.[4] However, after two semesters, Koch decided to change his area of study to medicine, as he aspired to be a physician.[1] During Koch’s fifth semester of medical school, Jacob Henle, an anatomist who had published a theory of contagion in 1840, asked Koch to participate in his research project on uterine nerve structure.[1] In his sixth semester, Koch began to conduct research at the Physiological Institute, where he studied succinic acid secretion.[1] This would eventually form the basis of his dissertation.[2] In January 1866, Koch graduated from medical school, earning honors of the highest distinction.[1] In July 1867, following his graduation from medical school, Koch married Emma Adolfine Josephine Fraatz, and the two had a daughter, Gertrude, in 1868.[2] After his graduation in 1866, he worked as a surgeon in the Franco-Prussian War, and following his service, worked as a physician in Wollstein (now Wolsztyn, Poland).[4] Koch’s marriage with Emma Fraatz ended in 1893, and later that same year, he married actress Hedwig Freiberg.[2] From 1885 to 1890, Koch served as an administrator and professor at Berlin University.[1] Koch suffered a heart attack on 9 April 1910, and never made a complete recovery.[1] On 27 May, only three days after giving a lecture on his tuberculosis research at the Berlin Academy of Sciences, Robert Koch died in Baden-Baden at the age of 66.[4] Following his death, the Institute named its establishment after him in his honor.[1]
Research contributions[edit]
Anthrax[edit]
Robert Koch is widely known for his work with anthrax, discovering the causative agent of the fatal disease to be Bacillus anthracis.[5] Koch discovered spore formation in the anthrax bacteria, which could remain dormant under specific conditions.[4] However, under optimal conditions, he found that the spores were activated and caused disease.[4] To determine this causative agent, he dry-fixed bacterial cultures onto glass slides, used dyes to stain the cultures, and then observed them through a microscope.[1] Koch’s work with anthrax is notable in that he was the first to link a particular microorganism with a given disease, rejecting the idea of spontaneous generation and proving the germ theory of disease.[5]
Koch's Four Postulates[edit]
Koch accepted a position as government advisor with the Imperial Department of Health in 1880.[6] During his time as government advisor, he published a report in which he stated the importance of pure cultures in isolating disease-causing organisms and explained the necessary steps to obtain these cultures, methods which are summarized in Koch’s four postulates.[7] Koch’s discovery of the causative agent of anthrax led to the formation of a generic set of postulates which can be used in the determination of the cause of any infectious disease.[5] These postulates, which not only outlined a method for linking cause and effect of an infectious disease but also established the significance of laboratory culture of infectious agents, are listed here: 1. The organism must always be present, in every case of the disease. 2. The organism must be isolated from a host containing the disease and grown in pure culture. 3. Samples of the organism taken from pure culture must cause the same disease when inoculated into a healthy, susceptible animal in the laboratory. 4. The organism must be isolated from the inoculated animal and must be identified as the same original organism first isolated from the originally diseased host.[5]
Isolating pure culture on solid media[edit]
Koch began conducting research on microorganisms in a laboratory that was connected to his patient examination room.[4] Koch’s early research in this laboratory proved to yield one of his major contributions to the field of microbiology, as it was there that he developed the technique of growing bacteria. Koch's second postulate calls for the isolation and growth of a selected pathogen in pure laboratory culture.[8] In an attempt to grow bacteria, Koch began to use solid nutrients such as potato slices.[8] Through these initial experiments, Koch observed individual colonies of identical, pure cells.[8] Coming to the conclusion that potato slices were not suitable media for all organisms, Koch later began to use nutrient solutions with gelatin.[8] However, he soon realized that gelatin, like potato slices, was not the optimal medium for bacterial growth, as it did not remain solid at 37˚C, the ideal temperature for growth of most human pathogens.[8] Therefore, Koch eventually began to utilize agar to grow and isolate pure cultures, as this polysaccharide remains solid at 37˚C, is not degraded by most bacteria, and results in a transparent medium.[8]
Cholera[edit]
Koch next turned his attention to cholera, and began to conduct research in Egypt in the hopes of isolating the causative agent of the disease.[4] However, Koch was not able to complete the task before the epidemic in Egypt ended, and he subsequently went to India to continue with his study.[1] In India, Koch was indeed able to determine the causative agent of cholera, isolating Vibrio cholera.[1] The bacterium had been originally isolated in the 1854 by Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini, but its exact nature and his results were not widely known.
Tuberculosis[edit]
During his time as the government advisor with the Imperial Department of Health in Berlin in the 1880s, Robert Koch became interested in tuberculosis research.[1] At the time, it was widely believed that tuberculosis was an inherited disease.[1] However, Koch was convinced that the disease was caused by a bacterium and was infectious, and tested his four postulates using guinea pigs.[1] Through these experiments, Koch found that his experiments with tuberculosis satisfied all four of his postulates.[1] In 1882, he published his findings on tuberculosis, in which he found the causative agent of the disease to be the slow-growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[8] His work with this particular disease won Koch the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1905.[1] Additionally, Koch's research on tuberculosis, along with his studies on tropical diseases, won him the Prussian Order Pour le Merits in 1906 and the Robert Koch medal, established to honor the greatest living physicians, in 1908.[1]
Timeline[edit]
A timeline summarizing the major life events and research contributions of Robert Koch.
References[edit]
1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Robert Koch." World of Microbiology and Immunology. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. Biography In Context. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.
2. ^ a b c d e f Brock, Thomas. Robert Koch: A life in medicine and bacteriology. ASM Press: Washington DC, 1999. Print.
3. ^ Metchnikoff, Elie. The Founders of Modern Medicine: Pasteur, Koch, Lister. Classics of Medicine Library: Delanco, 2006. Print.
4. ^ a b c d e f g "Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch." World of Scientific Discovery. Gale, 2006. Biography In Context. Web. 14 April 2013.
5. ^ a b c d "Germ theory of disease." World of Microbiology and Immunology. Ed. Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Biography In Context. Web. 14 April 2013.
6. ^ O’Connor, T.M. "Tuberculosis, Overview." International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2008. Web.
7. ^ Amsterdamska, Olga. "Bacteriology, Historical." International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 2008. Web.
8. ^ a b c d e f g Madigan, Michael T., et al. Brock Biology of Microorganisms: Thirteenth edition. Benjamin Cummings: Boston, 2012. Print.
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
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Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Benin
The Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Benin (Parti communiste marxiste-léniniste du Bénin) is a communist party in Benin led by Magloire Yansunnu. PCMLB was founded in Cotonou February 20, 1999. Yansunnu had been expelled from the Communist Party of Benin in 1998 following an internal schism in that party.
PCMLB was the 112th political party to be legally registered in Benin.
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WIKI
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Pureinfotech Forums
Hard Drive crash issues in Windows10
HELP! Microsoft EXPERTS!!!
My windows 10 laptop (ASUS) went blue and could not restart it normally.
I was able to get to the DOS command and to get the directory of partition D: that displayed all my folders already saved.
I copied all folders and files to an external drive using the command:
robocopy D:\ F:\copfilesM\ /MIR /E /ZB /R:2 /W:5 /TBD /V /MT:32
The destination external hard drive had a folder (copfilesM) that I chose to copy to.
74Gb of space were used on the destination external HDD during the copy process that took about 5 hours. After the process completed I connected the external drive to another computer having Windows 7 Pro. I opened Windows File Explorer to view the copied filed but they were not showing at all. I could see only the folders I previously had on the external HDD but not the copied files.
Anybody knows what happened and can help please?
Thank you
When using Command Prompt to access Windows 10 files using the Advanced startup can be weird, you should consider to use an Ubuntu Linux live CD to boot your device, and then copy the files to an external driver. Or connect the drive to another computer, and the copy the files.
Thanks,
Thank you so much for your answer. I was able to recover my data totally at the third trial, using DOS commands.
Now the laptop, a 9-moths old ASUS K556U, is not powering up!
Thank you again pureinfotech.
It’s not powering up, then it’s likely a physical issue with the device. It seems you got the data out just in time.
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F.V.D. Doris
The F.V.D. Doris or Dresden Doris, later known as the Akaflieg Dresden D-B2 Doris, was a monoplane glider built in Germany in 1922. It was unusual in having wings which could independently adjust their angles of attack, a feature intended to increase the energy acquired from gusts of wind.
Design and development
After the collaboration between the Technical High School Dresden (TH Dresden) and the local flying club, the Flugtechnischer Verein Dresden (F.V.D.), that led to the quite successful 1921 F.V.D. Stehaufchen wing warping biplane glider, the group designed and built a monoplane, the Doris. Originally known as the Dresden Doris or, in the UK at least, as the F.V.D. monoplane, it was later incorporated retrospectively into the Akaflieg Dresden's design list as the D-B2 Doris. Most notably, it had wings which could adjust their relative angles of attack independently both of each other and of the pilot.
The idea of such wings came from the poor understanding of slope soaring in the early 1920s and from observations of bird flight, where wings were seen to twist independently. It was hoped that such freedom could better capture the energy of the gusts that were thought to be the source of slope lift. An early glider of this type had been built by Erich Offermann before World War I and some theoretical work done by Albert Betz and, independently, R. Knoller, began to reach an understanding of how a plunging airfoil could generate thrust (the Knoller-Betz effect). By about 1920 Friedrich Harth was convinced this was essential for extended glider flight and the Harth-Messerschmitt designs were controlled in pitch by a variable angle of incidence wing and roll by wing warping. Its pilot had two levers, one for roll and the other for pitch. The 1921 Loessl Sb.1 Münchener, which won two first and one second prizes at the second Rhön (Wasserkuppe) gliding contest, extended the idea with wings that could be independently rotated with a single, conventional control column, doing away with the wing warping. Ten of the fifty-three competing aircraft at the third Rhön contest, held in 1922, had variable incidence wings but as slope soaring was better understood and the high control forces needed appreciated, rigid wings with ailerons for roll control became standard on gliders.
The Doris was a high-wing monoplane using a thick, highly cambered Göttingen 441 airfoil, braced from the lower fuselage on each side by a wide spread inverted V pair of struts connected to the wing at about 30% of the span, immediately below the single main wing spar on which the wing rotated. This was at about 40% chord, where the wing was thickest. The spars were mounted over the fuselage on a narrow central faired column. The wing was largely fabric covered but from the spar forward it was plywood skinned around the leading edge on the upper side, though the ply did not extend as far aft on the underside. The extreme tips were also ply covered.
The fuselage of the Doris had a wooden frame girder structure with a rectangular cross section, tapering aft to a horizontal wedge. Forward of the wing trailing edge it was ply covered, with fabric covering elsewhere. At the nose the sides curved round smoothly and there was also rounded decking immediately ahead of the open cockpit, which was under the leading edge with the vertical front face of the wing support column against the pilot's back. The rear edge of the column dropped gradually away from the trailing edge to the upper fuselage. The angles of incidence were adjusted from the control column via pushrods, sideways movement rotating the wings in opposite directions to roll. Fore and aft movement decreased and increased the angles of incidence together. The intention was that in level flight the pilot should largely allow the wings to follow their optimum setting by themselves. In addition there was a tailplane trim lever, originally fixed to the control column. The high aspect ratio, all-moving tailplane was nearly rectangular in plan apart from angled tips and was fabric covered behind its leading edge. The Doris was a short aircraft and its vertical tail was therefore large, with a quadrant shaped fin and a near rectangular rudder which had a small cut-away at its base for tailplane movement. The vertical tail surfaces were fabric covered. Like the Stehaufchen, the Doris had a pair of horizontal landing skids. These were fixed to the fuselage at the nose and mounted on the ends of a pair of transverse, arched ash brackets on rubber shock absorbers.
Operational history
The Doris took part in the 1922 Rhön contest, though Flight noted that it "does not appear to have accomplished very much". It remained on the Wasserkuppe after the competition but crashed, injuring Muttray. The accident, which badly damaged the Doris, was partially ascribed to the unfamiliar control column mounted tailplane trim lever, so when the glider was rebuilt this control was relocated further back in the cockpit. After the rebuild, completed in November 1922, the Doris flew from the Dresden club's airfield at Geising in the Ore Mountains. Some decent but unexceptional flights were made.
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Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Kucrit5/Archive
Suspected sockpuppets
The draft Draft:JEC Eye Hospitals & Clinics is current queued up for deletion under G11. At the same time, the draft Draft:JEC Eye Hospitals & Clinics (JEC) appears, exactly copy and pasted. The author of the second draft, Diharya created his account exactly 30 minutes after the first draft was queued for deletion. Pretty obvious case of socking here I think. Curbon7 (talk) 07:40, 14 April 2021 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Clerk, CheckUser, and/or patrolling admin comments
* Undoubtedly connected in some way, but no temporal overlap, so I've served up two helpings of uw-agf-sock and will leave it there. -- RoySmith (talk) 22:19, 24 May 2021 (UTC)
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How To Skip Song With Airpods?
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The right songs won’t always appear in your playlist. Because of this, knowing how to skip song with AirPods? protects you from reaching for your phone whenever a song you don’t want to hear pops up. With the first and second versions of AirPods, this process is very straightforward.
How To Skip Song With Airpods?
AirPods were the market leader when they first launched back in 2016 because of their sleek, user-friendly design and one-size-fits-all design that provided the same caliber of sound (or even better) as their wired counterparts. Users can also control various functions with just a tap, such as a volume, play, pause, and skip tracks.
This functionality must first be enabled in the AirPods. Follow these steps:
1. On your chosen Apple device, open the Settings app.
2. You will have to tap on Bluetooth to make it work.
3. Choose your AirPods by pressing the “i” icon from among the list of Bluetooth devices.
4. To control the device, select your AirPod under “Double-Tap on AirPod”. You’ll see options for “Left” and “Right.” Select the AirPod you want to use.
5. A list of available functions will appear now. Select “Next Track”.
Once you’ve completed these easy steps, turn on music on your device. Double-tap the chosen earbud to skip straight to your desired song.
How to Control Audio with AirPods Pro and AirPods (3rd generation)
1. AirPods have an in-built force sensor that you can use to play and pause audio. Press again to resume playback.
2. The force sensor can be double-pressed to skip forward.
3. You can skip back by pressing the force sensor three times.
4. The volume can be changed by saying “Hey Siri” and then saying “Turn up the volume” or “Turn down the volume.” Or you can adjust the volume using the slider on the lock screen or in Control Center. Also, AirPods Pro and AirPods (3rd generation) can be adjusted by using the Digital Crown on the Apple Watch.
Your surroundings can be heard just as much or as little as you like with Apple’s AirPods Pro. To switch between Transparency mode and Active Noise Cancellation, hold down the force sensor. Here are the modes you can select:
1. Go to Settings > Bluetooth on your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch.
2. You can view more details about your AirPods by tapping the More Info button.
3. Alternatively, tap Off, Transparency, or Noise Cancellation.
AirPods have Siri built-in that can be used to ask questions and make phone calls. You can also use Siri to control your music and track your AirPods. If you want Siri on your AirPod Pro, hold down the force sensor and press it.
How to skip songs with AirPods pro?
• Playlists don’t always deliver the right songs.
• Therefore, you won’t need to reach for your phone when songs that you don’t want to hear come up.
• On the first and second generations of AirPods, the process is fairly simple.
• The default setting for these headphones is to double-tap one of the Airpods to change songs.
• By double-tapping or long-pressing the Airpod Pro, you can change the songs.
• With these headphones, you can only adjust the long-press setting.
• Double-tap skipping can be turned off on any AirPod at any time.
How to Use AirPods to skip songs on Spotify?
Whether you have the second generation AirPods or the new AirPods Pro, connecting your AirPods to your Spotify account is incredibly quick and simple. Pairing both devices is as simple as turning on Bluetooth on both devices. Play music from your AirPods by opening the Spotify app and using the skip functions. In addition, using Siri’s support for songs skipping makes your AirPods Pro even more convenient.
What is the Double Tap Setting on my AirPods?
It is certainly possible. Double-tapping an AirPod triggers different actions. Select your AirPods from the list of devices in the “Settings” section of your iPhone. You can now select your desired actions with your “Left” and “Right” AirPods by double-tapping. Furthermore, the double-tap can be used to activate Siri or play and pause audio. There’s always the option to disable double-tapping entirely if it’s not for you.
Conclusion
Knowing how to skip songs with Airpods pro may be useful unless you prefer switching songs from your iPhone.
You might also like:
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Alan Arnett McLeod
Alan Arnett McLeod, VC (20 April 1899 – 6 November 1918) was a Canadian soldier, aviator, and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. McLeod served as a pilot in the Royal Flying Corps and later the Royal Air Force during the First World War.
Early life
Alan McLeod grew up in Stonewall, Manitoba, the son of a doctor. He enrolled in The 34th Fort Garry Horse in 1913 at age 14. When the First World War broke out in 1914, McLeod was sent home as under age. He then tried several times to enlist in the army in Winnipeg, and in the cadet wing of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) in Toronto. As he turned 18 he successfully enrolled in the RFC. He trained as a pilot at Long Branch near Toronto, and soloed after only 3 hours flight time. He graduated with 50 hours of flying experience. On 20 August 1917 he was shipped overseas to France.
First World War
McLeod was originally posted to No. 82 Squadron RFC flying scouts, but when his commanding officer found he was 18 he had McLeod posted to No. 51 Squadron RFC on Home Defence duties flying at night. McLeod was then posted to No. 2 Squadron RFC, a Corps Squadron working near Hesdigneul in northern France, flying his first operation in December 1917. With Lieutenant Comber as his gunner, he claimed a Fokker Dr.I destroyed in January and on 14 January flamed an observation balloon near Beauvin. He was recommended for mentioned in despatches for this exploit and the exploit that eventually lead to his Victoria Cross.
Victoria Cross
McLeod was an 18-year-old second lieutenant in No. 2 Squadron when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross.
On 27 March 1918 over Albert, France, McLeod, with his observer Lieutenant Arthur Hammond, in an Armstrong Whitworth F.K.8 destroyed an enemy triplane and were immediately attacked by eight more, three of which they brought down. During the fight, both McLeod and Hammond were wounded by machine gun bullets, the petrol tank was punctured and the aircraft set on fire. McLeod instantly pushed her over into a very steep side-slip, but the flames were scorching him, and so he jumped out of his cockpit on to the left wing and crouched low, with the joystick pulled hard over in his right hand. Then he smashed a hole through the fabric in the fuselage so that he could reach the rudder-wire with his left hand, and so he guided her towards the lines. In this way he kept the flames away from his wounded observer and prevented the aircraft from burning up. When the machine finally crashed in No Man's Land, the young pilot, not minding his own injuries, dragged his comrade from the burning wreckage and under heavy fire carried him to comparative safety, before collapsing from exhaustion and loss of blood.
Leutnant Hans Kirschstein of Jasta 6, an experienced ace was credited with the victory. McLeod was wounded three times in the side and Hammond was wounded six times. Hammond lost a leg but was awarded a Bar to his Military Cross.
McLeod was recommended for a Distinguished Service Order but received the Victoria Cross. He returned to Canada (Stonewall, Manitoba) to recuperate but died from the Spanish Influenza epidemic shortly thereafter. He was only 5 months away from celebrating his 20th birthday.
Tribute
Dr. David Christie, of Westminster Church, Winnipeg, wrote a moving tribute which appeared in the Manitoba Free Press on the evening of 7 November, the day after McLeod's death.
"Alan McLeod was the finest flower of chivalry. The old days of knighthood are over, but for the very fairest blossoms of the spirit of knighthood the world has had to wait till the 20th Century. It was these dauntless boys who have saved civilization. The heroism of the Crusades pales before the incredible and quiet courage of such boys who gave us a new interpretation of Calvary. I saw Alan within a few hours of his death. He faced the last enemy with the same joyous confidence with which he started on what he called the very happiest part of his life. For our children's children names like Alan McLeod's will be written in letters of splendour in the annals of Canada."
There is a street in Stonewall, Manitoba named after McLeod. His former family home is the McLeod Tea House and Stonewall Collegiate has his likeness as a bust displayed in the high school library.
In 1974 Alan Arnett McLeod, V.C. was inducted into the Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame at a ceremony in Edmonton, Alberta.
Number 301 (Alan McLeod V.C.) Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Cadets was formed in Stonewall, Manitoba on 29 January 2009.
The primary student quarters at 3 Canadian Forces Flying Training School is named the Lt Alan McLeod Building.
On 9 May 2017, a Commonwealth War Graves Commission stone marker and descriptive bronze plaque was placed next to the McLeod family plot, where he is buried along with his mother (Margaret Annett McLeod, 1877–1966) and father (Dr. Alexander Neil McLeod, 1868–1940). It is unique in that Alan McLeod is the only VC recipient who died on active service to be buried in Canada.
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Artisan (Cleveland)
Artisan is a high rise apartment tower located in the University Circle district of Cleveland. The 24-story building stands 267 ft tall, making it the tallest in the city outside of downtown. It was completed in 2023.
Development and Circle Square
Cleveland-based Midwest Development Partners first proposed the mixed-use $417 million Circle Square project in 2014, with Artisan and the 9-story Library Lofts atop a new Martin Luther King, Jr. Branch of the Cleveland Public Library encompassing the first phase of construction. Plans for Artisan were presented to the city planning commission for approval in September 2020 and construction began shortly after in April 2021. During construction of Artisan, the developers received a Transformational Mixed-Use Development (TMUD) tax credit from the state in 2022 worth $8 million to help advance future phases of development
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durolaneInjections
The most commonly used injections into the knee are of steroid and of a shock absorbing substance called hyaluronic acid. Biological injections such as PRP and Lipogems can also be used. See this website for more information. Injections into the knee carry a small risk of introducing infection and should therefore be performed in aseptic (very clean) surroundings and with an aseptic technique.
Hyaluronic acid can be used in early arthritis to improve the shock absorbing and health of the cartilage that is still intact. It generally entails a single injection into the knee and the success rate is good but not 100%. The period of relief of symptoms gained is also variable and ranges from days to years.
Steroid is very commonly used as it is a potent anti-inflammatory drug. However there is evidence that steroid increases the risk of infection after joint replacement surgery and increases the speed of progression to a joint replacement. As such, in Mr Shepard’s opinion, should only be used in inflammatory arthritis or in advanced cases of arthritis when the patient is unfit for joint replacement.
Have a knee problem?
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Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Heini-iki
The result was no consensus. But it seems that a merger of this and related articles into one article about Ob-Ugrian gods or similar would have consensus. Sandstein 06:43, 11 July 2016 (UTC)
Heini-iki
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
This article is basically a paraphrase of the source it's taken from, and the RS of it is questionable as WP:SPS, and even that source says information is sparse, and it's WP:DICDEF as it stands. Other GHits are mirrors of this article. No WP:PRIMARYTOPIC for redirect, because which Ugric mythology this belongs to is unclear. MSJapan (talk) 02:45, 19 June 2016 (UTC)
* Merge to Num-Torum. I added another source from a book that looks reliable and also added some description and a little of the relation of the god to his people. No longer a dictionary def, if it ever was. Both sources refer to the Khanty people, which narrows the Ugric mythology. No doubt there are offline sources and likely non-English sources, too. But the sources found so far are not quite in enough depth to reach notability per WP:GNG. The best approach may be to merge this article into Num-Torum, as related brother gods, to form the nucleus of an Ob-Ugrian gods article. Probably all the articles in Category:Ob-Ugrian gods should be combined into one such article. --Mark viking (talk) 05:46, 19 June 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Religion-related deletion discussions. clpo13(talk) 15:51, 19 June 2016 (UTC)
Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Spirit of Eagle (talk) 05:25, 26 June 2016 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
* Keep. God. You can merge it you want, but these are two different gods... the merged article ought to have a different name. I see that there are five articles in Category:Ob-Ugrian gods so why merge these two? What I'd suggest is keep the article, then if Mark viking or somebody wants to merge two or more articles together, or merge all five articles into the category into one article or whatever, they can do that at their leisure. I'd be happier with an expert such as Mark viking doing the merging than an admin doing it, to be honest. Herostratus (talk) 03:39, 28 June 2016 (UTC)
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, North America1000 04:42, 3 July 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Religion-related deletion discussions. Uanfala (talk) 23:06, 7 July 2016 (UTC)
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Header
Online Laboratory Magazine
06/17/2021
03/22/2016
Nano-structural features of barite crystals observed
For the first time a barite sample was investigated by applying electron microscopy and atom probe tomography in a complementary approach to characterize its inner microstructure. Pores covering the size range from a few nanometres to a few micrometres were identified inside particles of a commercially available high purity barite. The barite matrix appeared to be a single crystal. A particular feature of the observed porous structure is a system of layers containing a high number of homogeneously distributed nano-scale pores, alternating with layers containing a limited number of larger pores.
High-resolution chemical analyses indicate that the pores contain a solution of water and sodium chloride. The filling of these nano-scale inclusions was interpreted as residua of the initial supersaturated solution used for particle growth by precipitation. These findings explain the high reactivity observed in previous Ra uptake studies on the same type of barite and provide further implications for the interpretation of these results. Results offer a new analytical approach and necessary reference data for future investigations on changes of the internal barite structure during these Ra uptake experiments.
» Original publication
Source: Forschungszentrum Jülich - Peter-Grünberg-Institute (PGI)
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Japanese-American life before World War II
People from Japan began emigrating to the U.S. in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Japanese immigration to the Americas started with immigration to Hawaii in the first year of the Meiji era in 1868.
Early immigration
Following the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Japanese immigrants were increasingly sought by industrialists to replace the Chinese immigrants. However, as the number of Japanese in the United States increased, resentment against their success in the farming industry and fears of a "yellow peril" grew into an anti-Japanese movement similar to that faced by earlier Chinese immigrants. Around the turn of the century, around four thousand Japanese immigrants lived in San Francisco, funding their education as domestic workers.
Anti-Asian litigation
The Naturalization Act of 1790 restricted naturalized U.S. citizenship to "free white persons," and an 1870 amendment extended the right to African Americans, but the Issei and other Asian immigrants were excluded from citizenship. As a result, the Issei were unable to vote, and faced additional restrictions such as the inability to own land under many state laws. These laws would remain in effect until 1952, when the Supreme Court ruled alien land laws unconstitutional and the Walter-McCarran Act removed race-based requirements for naturalization.
In 1907, the Gentlemen's Agreement between the governments of Japan and the U.S. ended immigration of Japanese laborers (i.e., men), but permitted the immigration of spouses and children of Japanese immigrants already in the U.S. The Immigration Act of 1924 banned the immigration of all but a token few Japanese.
The ban on immigration produced unusually well-defined generational groups within the Japanese American community. Initially, there was an immigrant generation, the Issei, and their U.S.-born children, the Nisei Japanese American. The Issei were exclusively those who had immigrated before 1924. Because no new immigrants were permitted, all Japanese Americans born after 1924 were — by definition — born in the U.S. This generation, the Nisei, became a distinct cohort from the Issei generation in terms of age, citizenship, and English language ability, in addition to the usual generational differences. Institutional and interpersonal racism led many of the Nisei to marry other Nisei, resulting in a third distinct generation of Japanese Americans, the Sansei. Significant Japanese immigration did not occur until the Immigration Act of 1965 ended 40 years of bans against immigration from Japan and other countries.
The California Alien Land Law of 1913 was specifically created to prevent land ownership among Japanese citizens who were residing in the state of California. This law was strengthened in 1920, and several other western states adopted alien land laws during the 1920s.
Timeline of life before World War II
* 1815: Japanese castaway Oguri Jukichi was among the first Japanese citizens known to have reached present day California.
* 1834: Three castaways Iwakichi, Kyukichi, and Otokichi, were the sole survivors of a Japanese rice transport ship that had been caught in a typhoon, damaged, and blown far off course before beaching on the northwest corner of the Olympic Peninsula in present-day Washington state, where they were briefly enslaved by the indigenous Makah people. Upon hearing of the three Asian captives, John McLoughlin, the Chief Factor (agent) for the Columbia District at the Hudson's Bay Company, secured their release and had them delivered to Fort Vancouver. They stayed there, along the banks of the Columbia River, for several months before eventually heading to London and then back to Asia.
* 1841: June 27 Captain Whitfield, commanding a New England sailing vessel, rescues five shipwrecked Japanese sailors from the uninhabited Japanese island of Torishima. Four disembark at Honolulu, however Manjiro Nakahama stays on board returning with Whitfield to Fairhaven, Massachusetts. After attending school in New England and adopting the name John Manjiro, he later became an interpreter for Commodore Matthew C. Perry.
* 1850: Seventeen survivors of a Japanese shipwreck are saved by the American freighter Auckland off the coast of California. In 1852, the group is sent to Macau to join Commodore Matthew C. Perry as a gesture to help open diplomatic relations with Japan. One of them, Joseph Heco (Hikozo Hamada), goes on to become the first Japanese person to become a naturalized American citizen.
* 1861: The utopian minister Thomas Lake Harris of the Brotherhood of the New Life visits England, where he meets Nagasawa Kanaye, who becomes a convert. Nagasawa returns to the U.S. with Harris and follows him to Fountaingrove in Santa Rosa, California. When Harris leaves the Californian commune, Nagasawa became the leader and remained there until his death in 1932.
* 1866: Japanese students arrive in the United States, supported by the Japan Mission of the Reformed Church in America which had opened in 1859 at Kanagawa.
* 1868: 150 Japanese men immigrated to Hawaii to work on the sugar plantations. Of them 43 stayed and many intermarried with native Hawaiian women and others.
* 1869: A group of Japanese people arrive at Gold Hills, California and build the Wakamatsu Tea and Silk Farm Colony. Okei becomes the first recorded Japanese woman to die and be buried in the United States.
* 1882: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. This arguably left room for agricultural labour, encouraging immigration and recruitment of Japanese from both Hawaii and Japan.
* 1884: The Japanese grants passports for contract labour in Hawaii where there was a demand for cheap labour.
* 1885: On February 8, the first official intake of Japanese migrants to a U.S.-controlled entity occurs when 676 men, 159 women, and 108 children arrive in Honolulu on board the Pacific Mail passenger freighter City of Tokio. These immigrants, the first of many Japanese immigrants to Hawaii, have come to work as laborers on the island's sugar plantations via an assisted passage scheme organized by the Hawaiian government.
* 1886: The Japanese government legalizes emigration.
* 1893: The San Francisco Board of Education attempts to introduce segregation for Japanese American children, but withdraws the measure following protests by the Japanese government.
* 1900s: Japanese immigrants begin to lease land and sharecrop.
* 1902: Yone Noguchi publishes The American Diary of a Japanese Girl, the first Japanese American novel.
* 1903: In Yamataya v. Fisher (Japanese Immigrant Case) the Supreme Court held that Japanese Kaoru Yamataya was subject to deportation since her Fifth Amendments due process was not violated in regards to the appeals process of the 1891 Immigration Act. This allowed for individuals to challenge their deportation in the courts by challenging the legitimacy of the procedures.
* 1906: The San Francisco Board of Education orders the segregation of Asian students in public schools.
* 1907: The Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907 between United States and Japan results in Japan ending the issuance passports for new laborers.
* 1913: California passed the Alien Land Law which prohibited "aliens ineligible to citizenship" (i.e. all Asian immigrants, including Japanese) from owning land or property, though it permitted three year leases.
* 1920–1925: Several states adopted similar alien land laws to prohibit leasing or selling land to "aliens ineligible to citizenship".
* 1924: The federal Immigration Act of 1924 banned immigration from Japan.
* 1927: Kinjiro Matsudaira becomes the first Japanese American to be elected mayor of a U.S. city (town of Edmonston, Maryland).
* June 1935: Congress passed an act making allowing aliens to become eligible for citizenship eligible if they (a) had served in the U.S. armed forces between April 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918 (during U.S. involvement in World War One); (b) had been honorably discharged, and (c) were permanent residents of the United States. Only a handful of Japanese residents gained American citizenship under this act before the deadline on January 1, 1937.
* 1940: The Alien Registration Act (the Smith Act) was passed by the US Congress that required all aliens to register with the US government and be fingerprinted. President Roosevelt signed the 'Two Ocean Navy Expansion Act'. This act was the first step in preparing America for war against Germany, Japan, or both.
* 1940: The first military draft during peacetime in American history takes place.
* 1940: Roosevelt is elected as President of the United States for a third term with 54 percent of the popular vote.
* August 18, 1941: Michigan representative John D. Dingell, Sr. suggests in a letter to President Roosevelt that 10,000 Hawaiian Japanese Americans should be held as hostages to ensure "good behavior" on the part of Japan.
* December 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor and entrance of the United States into World War II
|
WIKI
|
American trustbusters are rattling Google, Amazon, Facebook and Apple - Fine by US
SHARES IN THE biggest internet firms took a nasty tumble on June 3rd, after weekend reports suggested American authorities were limbering up to scrutinise their business models. Just four —Amazon, Facebook, Apple and Alphabet—lost $134bn in market capitalisation in a day, not far off the entire worth of Netflix (which also fell). Dealing with competition quibbles is hardly new for Big Tech. European trustbusters have been on their case for two decades. Even whopping fines there have barely registered with investors (see chart). Alphabet, which owns Google, has coughed up $9.5bn across three cases over the past two years (it is appealing). Its valuation rose each time. News of a preliminary probe into Amazon in September dented its share price much less than poor earnings unveiled soon after. Upgrade your inbox and get our Daily Dispatch and Editor's Picks. This time is different. The 4.5% drop in the four giants’ market value suggests investors are more worried. Possibly meatier American fines are not the reason: the billions Google has been forced to pay represent less than a tenth of the $134bn in profits it has generated since the first case was opened in November 2010. Even higher penalties can be written off as a cost of doing business. More likely, shareholders fret that American authorities could force the firms to change their money-spinning business models. In his confirmation hearing William Barr, America’s attorney-general, said he wanted to “find out more” about how Apple and others had grown so big. Elizabeth Warren, a senator and Democratic presidential hopeful, has said that Facebook should be broken up. If America is picking up where Europe left off, investors are right to be concerned.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
@article{10.1371/journal.pone.0024585, author = {Williams, Brent L. AND Hornig, Mady AND Buie, Timothy AND Bauman, Margaret L. AND Cho Paik, Myunghee AND Wick, Ivan AND Bennett, Ashlee AND Jabado, Omar AND Hirschberg, David L. AND Lipkin, W. Ian}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, title = {Impaired Carbohydrate Digestion and Transport and Mucosal Dysbiosis in the Intestines of Children with Autism and Gastrointestinal Disturbances}, year = {2011}, month = {09}, volume = {6}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024585}, pages = {1-21}, abstract = {Gastrointestinal disturbances are commonly reported in children with autism, complicate clinical management, and may contribute to behavioral impairment. Reports of deficiencies in disaccharidase enzymatic activity and of beneficial responses to probiotic and dietary therapies led us to survey gene expression and the mucoepithelial microbiota in intestinal biopsies from children with autism and gastrointestinal disease and children with gastrointestinal disease alone. Ileal transcripts encoding disaccharidases and hexose transporters were deficient in children with autism, indicating impairment of the primary pathway for carbohydrate digestion and transport in enterocytes. Deficient expression of these enzymes and transporters was associated with expression of the intestinal transcription factor, CDX2. Metagenomic analysis of intestinal bacteria revealed compositional dysbiosis manifest as decreases in Bacteroidetes, increases in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and increases in Betaproteobacteria. Expression levels of disaccharidases and transporters were associated with the abundance of affected bacterial phylotypes. These results indicate a relationship between human intestinal gene expression and bacterial community structure and may provide insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disturbances in children with autism.}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0024585} }
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Validating an email address is a common task in the routine of a software developer, especially when we build applications that deal with users’ data. In this article, we are going to explore a few different ways to validate email addresses. First, we’ll use built-in classes and then, regex and other approaches.
To download the source code for this article, you can visit our GitHub repository.
We have a lot to cover, so let’s start.
Understand Email Address Composition
A valid email address consists of two sections. The first represents the username and the second part represents the domain. These sections are separated by the @ symbol.
Both sections accept letters (from a to z), digits (from 0 to 9), periods (.), and hyphens (-). In addition, the first part also might include special characters such as: !#$%&’*+-/=?^_`{|}~
It is good to mention that the second section must have at least one period, and we cannot use two periods adjacent nor as the first or the last character in any of these sections.
Validate an Email Address With the MailAddress Class
Now that we understand the composition of a valid email address, let’s create a new console application using the Visual Studio wizard or the dotnet new console command.
For our first approach, we will utilize the built-in MailAddress class to validate an email address.
To do so, let’s create our first method:
public bool ValidateUsingMailAddress(string emailAddress)
{
try
{
var email = new MailAddress(emailAddress);
return email.Address == emailAddress.Trim();
}
catch
{
return false;
}
}
This method receives a string (emailAddress) variable as an input parameter to check whether this email address is valid or not.
The MailAddress class might throw three different exceptions: ArgumentNullException, ArgumentException, or FormatException.
If we catch any of these exceptions, we can assume that our email address is invalid and we return false. On the other hand, if the Address property from the email object is equal to the emailAddress we received as an input parameter, we assume that this is a valid email address.
It is important to say that the MailAddress class makes a basic level of validation for email format. That said, we should not solely depend on it to validate the users’ email addresses.
That leads us to the next approach.
Validate an Email Address Using EmailAddressAttribute
Let’s check how we can validate an email address using the EmailAddressAttribute class:
public bool ValidateUsingEmailAddressAttribute(string emailAddress)
{
var emailValidation = new EmailAddressAttribute();
return emailValidation.IsValid(emailAddress);
}
Here, our method receives a string representing the emailAddress as an input parameter and returns a boolean indicating if the email is valid or not.
Initially, we create a new instance of the EmailAddressAttribute object. Then, we return a call to the IsValid() method that is going to evaluate true or false.
The EmailAddressAttribute class validates email addresses differently depending on the version of .NET we are using.
In versions before 4.x, it uses a regular expression to validate the email address. However, in more recent versions, it simply checks if the string contains a @ symbol and if this symbol is not at the beginning or the end of the string.
With that in mind, let’s run this method with an array of invalid email addresses:
code.maze.com // false
[email protected]@codemaze.com // false
[email protected] // true
If we are using .NET 7 (a version later than 4.x) the EmailAddressAttribute simply checks for the presence of a ‘@’ symbol and if it is not at the beginning or end of the string. Therefore, the email address [email protected] is valid according to this validation method.
Use Regex to Validate an Email Address in C#
Regular expressions are a powerful tool for pattern matching within strings. When we are validating an email address, we can use a regular expression to match the local and domain parts of the email address against their respective patterns.
Let’s check how to use Regex to validate an email address:
public bool ValidateUsingRegex(string emailAddress)
{
var pattern = @"^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+-/=?^_`{|}~]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)*$";
var regex = new Regex(pattern);
return regex.IsMatch(emailAddress);
}
As the first step, we create a string variable (pattern) with the pattern to use in the regex validation.
Then, we instantiate a new Regex class, passing the pattern as a constructor parameter.
Finally, we use the IsMatch() method from the regex instance and pass, as a parameter, the email address we want to validate.
If the regex validates it as a valid email address, we return true. Otherwise, we return false.
Email Validation With FluentValidation
Another approach we can use to validate email addresses is using the FluentValidation NuGet package.
First, let’s use Manage NuGet Package or the Package Manager Console to install the FluentValidation package:
Install-Package FluentValidation
Then, let’s set up our validation:
public class EmailFluentValidator : AbstractValidator<string>
{
public EmailFluentValidator()
{
RuleFor(email => email)
.EmailAddress();
}
}
The EmailFluentValidator class inherits from the AbstractValidator class. It gives the EmailFluentValidator class the ability to use the RuleFor() method to validate its properties.
The subsequent step consists of using the RuleFor() method inside the EmailFluentValidator constructor.
In this case, we set up the RuleFor() method to validate if the string is a valid email address (using the EmailAddress() method).
Let’s use the same invalid emails string array we used in the EmailAddressAttribute section against this method to check its behavior:
code.maze.com // false
[email protected]@codemaze.com // false
[email protected] // true
After inspecting the result, we can see that this validation considers the [email protected] a valid email address.
When we don’t pass any parameter to the EmailAddress() method, it behaves exactly like the most recent versions of the EmailAddressAttribute class.
Alternatively, we can pass the EmailValidationMode.Net4xRegex enum to validate it using regex:
public class EmailFluentValidator : AbstractValidator<string>
{
public EmailFluentValidator()
{
RuleFor(email => email)
.EmailAddress(EmailValidationMode.Net4xRegex);
}
}
Now, the same method considers the email address ([email protected]) invalid.
Conclusion
In this article, we have learned the basics of email composition. Also, we explored some different approaches to validating an email address and its weaknesses.
It is important to note that we don’t have a single perfect approach, and choosing the right methods depends on specific requirements such as the level of strictness, complexity, customization, and performance. Once we are looking for performance or low complexity, the MailAddress class or the EmailAddressAttribute are good options. However, in case we need to customize our solution, FluentValidation allows us to choose which way we want to validate our email addresses.
In the last case, if we need a high level of strictness and better validation, using regular expression is the best approach because we can define specific rules for validating the format of an email address. On the other hand, it is more complex and harder to maintain than other approaches.
Now that we know the pros and cons of each approach, it is up to us to decide which one to use in our projects.
|
ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Capital One Downgraded to Neutral - Analyst Blog
On Sep 3, 2013, we downgraded our long-term recommendation on Capital One Financial Corp. ( COF ) to Neutral from Outperform due to the persistent increase in operating expenses. Though the company's second-quarter results were positive, we are concerned about limited margin growth, exposure to risky assets, and regulatory pressures.
Why the Downgrade?
Increasing operating expenses remain the primary concern for Capital One. Though expense control initiatives have helped the company offset higher credit losses in the past few years, operating expense has still been continuously increasing.
Moreover, any considerable improvement in Capital One's credit quality seems unlikely in the near future, given the still sluggish economic recovery. While the credit performance of the commercial loan portfolio appears to be stabilizing, net charge-offs and nonperforming loans will likely fluctuate in the near term due to the present economic instability and acquisition of HSBC Holdings plc 's ( HBC ) U.S. credit card business.
Nevertheless, Capital One reported robust second-quarter earnings which came ahead of the Zacks Consensus Estimate. Results were driven by enhanced top line, partially offset by a rise in operating expenses. Moreover, in May 2013, the company increased its dividend by 500% to $0.30 per share.
The Zacks Consensus Estimate for 2013 advanced 4.0% to $6.82 per share over the last 60 days. Further, for 2014, the Zacks Consensus Estimate increased 1.6% to $6.80 per share over the same time period. Capital One currently carries a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold).
Other Stocks Worth Considering
Some better performing banks include Encore Capital Group, Inc. ( ECPG ) and SLM Corporation ( SLM ). Both these carry a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
CAPITAL ONE FIN (COF): Free Stock Analysis Report
ENCORE CAP GRP (ECPG): Free Stock Analysis Report
HSBC HOLDINGS (HBC): Free Stock Analysis Report
SLM CORP (SLM): Free Stock Analysis Report
To read this article on Zacks.com click here.
Zacks Investment Research
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
|
NEWS-MULTISOURCE
|
Bild zu Biopharm
PLOS ONE, April 2013; Vol8/Issue4/e61299
Generation of Amyloid-b Is Reduced by the Interaction of Calreticulin with Amyloid Precursor Protein, Presenilin and Nicastrin
By: Nina Stemmer, Elena Strekalova, Nevena Djogo, Frank Plöger, Gabriele Loers, David Lutz, Friedrich Buck, Marek Michalak, Melitta Schachner, Ralf Kleene
Dysregulation of the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by c-secretase and the ensuing generation of amyloid-b is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, the identification of amyloid precursor protein binding proteins involved in regulating processing of amyloid precursor protein by the c-secretase complex is essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the molecular pathology of the disease. We identified calreticulin as novel amyloid precursor protein interaction partner that binds to the c-secretase cleavage site within amyloid precursor protein and showed that this Ca2+- and N-glycan-independent interaction is mediated by amino acids 330–344 in the C-terminal Cdomain of calreticulin. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that calreticulin is not only associated with amyloid precursor protein but also with the c-secretase complex members presenilin and nicastrin. Calreticulin was detected at the cell surface by surface biotinylation of cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein and was co-localized by immunostaining with amyloid precursor protein and presenilin at the cell surface of hippocampal neurons. The P-domain of calreticulin located between the N-terminal N-domain and the C-domain interacts with presenilin, the catalytic subunit of the c-secretase complex. The P- and C-domains also interact with nicastrin, another functionally important subunit of this complex. Transfection of amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells with full-length calreticulin leads to a decrease in amyloid-b42 levels in culture supernatants, while transfection with the P-domain increases amyloid-b40 levels. Similarly, application of the recombinant P- or C-domains and of a synthetic calreticulin peptide comprising amino acid 330–344 to amyloid precursor protein overexpressing cells result in elevated amyloid-b40 and amyloid-b42 levels, respectively. These findings indicate that the interaction of calreticulin with amyloid precursor protein and the c-secretase complex regulates the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein by the c-secretase complex, pointing to calreticulin as a potential target for therapy in Alzheimer’s disease.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
4 Easy Steps to Power Cycle Directly in Domotz
5 min
How do you do power cycling? Do you perform regular power cycling tests, or do you often do it manually? Did you know that you can power cycle your devices directly in Domotz? In this blog post, we’ll try to give you more information about power cycling done remotely with Domotz and how this is beneficial for you and your clients.
Remote power cycle basics with Domotz
Typically, when something with your network devices goes wrong, you first call your Managed Service Provider (MSP) and ask for a remote reset of this device.
How much effort can you save by rebooting a device correctly using Domotz?
In some cases, hours
Perform secure remote power up, down, and power cycling for all the devices they manage in a more efficient way with the remote power management features Domotz offers.
You can remotely power cycle devices with Domotz in three cases:
You can remotely power cycle devices with Domotz in three ways:
• A toggle Toggle on off to switch on and off a device
• A power cycle power cycle button button to reboot a device
• A software reboot reboot now button button to reboot a device
More information about the device list elements is in our Help Center article about Automated Discovery and Inventory.
Find our short video about power cycling to get started.
Let’s dive in the deep…
Here are four easy steps to power cycling directly in Domotz.
1) How to associate network devices to a PDU outlet and why?
Let’s discuss why PDUs are very valuable network controllable units. What’s more, you’ll learn why linking the discovered devices through the correct outlet is important when you have a PDU.
How does it work in Domotz?
Domotz network monitoring software offers support for Power Distribution Units (PDUs) and IP-controlled power outlets (smart plugs).
Step 1: Domotz automatically creates a new tab “Outlets” in the Device Details screen when one of those devices is recognized as supported. You’ll see an entry for each port of the device, like in the example below:
Step 2: Press the + button under the plug to find the device you want to connect to your PDU. In the example you see below, we have connected a device called PowerPDU-53 to Power output 1 of the PowerCable PDU:
Learn more on PDUs and how to connect a device to the plug with Domotz in our Help Center article about power management.
Why associating a device with a PDU in this way is so useful?
When you have an issue with a particular device and, therefore you want to reboot it, you have two options:
thumbs upOption 1: When your PDU is linked to that particular device as explained above:
• To find the device in the Domotz system
• To power cycle it
thumbs downOption 2: When your PDU is not linked properly to the device:
• To search which PDU has it
• To find out which outlet is on
• To power cycle it
See the difference? It’s about speed and efficiency.
In other words, if you have an issue with such a device and this device is connected properly in the Domotz system, you should just find it and power cycle it:
Example: If you have multiple Apple TVs that have failed, you should be able to find every specific Apple TV and power cycle it rather than searching across all of them.
Find here the complete list of the supported PDU and Smart Plugs.
2) How to associate a dummy device to a PDU outlet and why?
What is a dummy device in Domotz?
A dummy device is a non-network-connected device. It’s a device without an IP address. In other words, it’s a placeholder or a fake device that you can create in case you need to connect it.
What’s the purpose of a dummy device?
When you create a dummy device in Domotz, you can connect it just like all your IP-connected devices. To clarify, this feature allows connecting a non-IP-connected device to a PDU or smart outlet to enable easy power management.
In short, the dummy device is a way to document and control non-network connected devices within Domotz.
How to associate a dummy device with a PDU outlet?
Example: Let’s say a projector in the company’s Conference room is not working. This projector has to be power cycled, but the user is not in the office.
The projector in the example above is a non-network-connected device, and it doesn’t have an IP address. As a result, Domotz would never discover that device because there is no network connection for it.
However, there is something that Domotz can do. If you create a dummy device and connect it to your PDU, Domotz will help you power cycle this projector remotely.
Let’s see how…
Step 1: Create a dummy device
Open “Device List” > “Manage Devices and Subnets” > “Add Dummy Devices.”
Then add your dummy device’s name, type, location, and zone:
Learn more on how to create a dummy device from our Help Center.
Step 2: Connect the dummy device to your PDU
• Open your “Device list” to find your PDU
• Click on the tab “Outlets” and press the + button
• Look for the dummy device you have just created to link it to your PDU
As a result, your non-network dummy device is connected to your PDU, and you are able to power cycle it remotely:
Updated
What’s the benefit?
When you have to remotely power cycle that projector from the example above, you’ll just need to open his Device list, find the projector, and power cycle it right from the device.
3) How to automatically associate network devices to PoE switches
The number of devices powered by Power over Ethernet (PoE) is continuously increasing. IP cameras and Wi-Fi access points are the most common devices, but many others connect to networks every day. When these devices need to be power cycled remotely, Domotz can be the easiest option for you to do it.
Domotz had implemented advanced support and integration for all the most popular Managed Network and PoE switches by automatically associating network devices to PoE switches.
This functionality is available in the following cases:
• If SNMP is enabled and you have the default SNMP credentials “public” and “private”
• In case you have created your credentials or use SNMP v3, you have to configure the SNMP Authentication from the Access Manager, as you can see below:
TBD
TBD
Please note that automated switch port mapping is available for all the managed network switches compliant with the RFC 4188 standard. Learn more about Managed Switches and PoE in our Help Center.
4) How to put multiple devices on a single power strip to a PDU port and why?
Domotz also offers the possibility to connect multiple devices to a single power strip to a PDU port by creating the link between the outlets and multiple devices.
Example: Let’s say you have 8 outlets on your PDU, but you have 10 devices. Let’s say you also have 2 projectors connected to the same outlet. What can you do to power cycle those projectors?
How does it work?
Step 1: Connect the “Theatre Projector” to your PDU
Step 2: Connect the other projector, in this case, “Optoma HD20”, to the same outlet:
In this way, you create a link between the outlet and multiple devices by connecting two devices, both plugged into the same outlet, in this case, “Power output 1”:
Note that you would be able to do that only if you have connected a powerstrip to the same socket.
Why is this beneficial for you?
When you power cycle one of those projectors, you have to find them and power cycle them.
Be aware that you would switch off or reboot both devices using the toggle or the reboot button.
In this tutorial, you’ve learned how to power cycle directly in Domotz in different ways and why this is beneficial for you. We also went through the benefits of associating network devices or dummy devices with a PDU outlet. In addition, we have described how to put multiple devices on a single power strip and why this makes your life easier.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Chapter 24
25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
65 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers (61)
question
All areas of the brain shrink at the same rate. True or False
answer
False
question
Higher SES is associated with higher intellect in later adulthood. True or False
answer
True
question
Nelma is a healthy 70-year-old who would like to learn to play video games with her grandson. According to research on learning late in life, Nelma _____.
answer
could learn to play games if she begins at the easiest level and practices regularly
question
The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that _____.
answer
their senses decline, reducing the sensory input
question
Otto, age 81, just relayed a news story to his friends over coffee but cannot remember where he heard or read about the tale. Otto has _____.
answer
source amnesia
question
Which benefit does neurogenesis provide for an older adult?
answer
increased cognitive adaptability
question
Storage mechanisms, retrieval strategies, selective attention, and problem solving are all considered _____.
answer
control processes
question
For the average individual in late adulthood, traditional tests of intelligence demonstrate that _____.
answer
cognitive abilities decline
question
Edna, age 71, has excellent pronunciation but poor spelling. She frequently forgets the word or phrase she is trying to use, telling others that it is "on the tip of her tongue." These characteristics may be the result of _____.
answer
inadequate control processes
question
Which of the following is most affected by brain shrinkage?
answer
multitasking
question
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is MOST likely to occur before age 70. True or False
answer
True
question
Older people are more likely to use one hemisphere of the brain to solve problems. True or False
answer
False
question
A 2013 study of extraordinarily creative people has found that in their 70s, 80s, and 90s, these people _____.
answer
remain as focused, efficient, and committed as they have been earlier in life
question
Abraham Maslow maintains that older adults are _____ to reach self-actualization.
answer
more likely than younger people
question
Which of the following statements is characteristic of the memory of older adults?
answer
Older adults benefit from learning control strategies.
question
Verna has dementia. Her motor control and memory have been affected, although their impairment is not the most significant symptom of her condition. The most significant symptom is her loss of inhibition, evident in her chronic gambling. Verna most likely has _____ disease.
answer
Lewy body
question
_____ is a common condition, because many elderly people take many different prescription drugs.
answer
Polypharmacy
question
A challenge faced by researchers who want to see whether wisdom increases with age is that _____.
answer
the definition of wisdom varies by culture
question
With age, which of the following occurs in the brain?
answer
Using both hemispheres simultaneously becomes more likely.
question
The idea that cognition should be measured in terms of everyday tasks and circumstances is _____.
answer
ecological validity
question
Sensory losses may not be noticed as people age, because the brain automatically fills in missed sights and sounds. True or False
answer
true
question
Research clearly indicates that wisdom increases with age. True or False
answer
False
question
As an individual ages, small sensory losses, such as a decreased ability to hear nuances of emotion in speech, _____.
answer
impair cognition
question
Which of the following is NOT correlated with deterioration of cognition?
answer
level of education
question
A main symptom in Lewy body disease is loss of _____.
answer
inhibition
question
One infectious disease that can cause neurocognitive disorders is _____.
answer
AIDS
question
According to the text, the fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people _____.
answer
develop an appreciation for the aesthetic
question
Anthony could not remember whether he had learned about a news item from the newspaper, the television newscast, or from the Internet due to source amnesia. True or False
answer
True
question
Since Russell's wife died, he has been eating the exact same thing—and a very small amount of it—for breakfast and lunch every day. Most nights, he skips dinner. Sometimes he seems confused when his granddaughter calls to check in on him. Based solely on this information, which diagnosis is most likely?
answer
Malnutrition is causing symptoms that mimic dementia.
question
Which neurocognitive disorder is most likely to occur prior to age 70?
answer
frontotemporal lobar degeneration
question
Which of the following is an example of prospective memory?
answer
Phyllis remembers that she is meeting friends for lunch tomorrow.
question
The fact that many elderly people take many different medications means that _____.
answer
the drugs can interact and produce adverse reactions
question
Brains of Alzheimer's disease victims display plaques, which are _____, and tangles, which are _____.
answer
a protein called beta-amyloid; a protein called tau
question
Which parts of the brain shrink the most in later life?
answer
hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
question
Inadequate control processes appear to explain many of the memory difficulties in the elderly. True or False
answer
True
question
Alzheimer's disease that begins in middle age progresses more slowly than later-onset Alzheimer's disease. True or False
answer
False
question
Joan suffered a ministroke, but the symptoms disappeared shortly thereafter, and the event went unnoticed by friends and family. What is likely to happen next?
answer
She will most likely have other strokes; the first one was a warning.
question
Erik Erikson calls elders "_____," because he believes they are both aware of changes between generations and have a broad view of the human experience.
answer
social witnesses
question
People who are diagnosed with mild neurological disorders will _____.
answer
have significant problems with memory
question
Tests for assessing neurocognitive disorders are _____.
answer
indicators of possible problems
question
Which of the following terms would be ageist?
answer
senility
question
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with wisdom?
answer
quickly solving novel problems
question
Loss of working memory is particularly likely to affect the ability to _____.
answer
repeat a series of numbers just heard
question
Which of the following is the most important nongenetic factor in preventing the onset of cognitive impairment?
answer
physical exercise
question
The ability to multitask improves with age and experience, peaking in older adulthood. True or False
answer
False
question
The elderly may perform better on ecologically valid tests than on standard tests of cognitive ability. True or False
answer
True
question
The divide between what is sensed and what is not is known as the _____.
answer
sensory threshold
question
According to the information-processing approach to cognition, which of the following is another term for the "sensing" stage of cognition?
answer
input
question
All the following are true about learning late in life EXCEPT that _____.
answer
learning new knowledge is possible, but gaining new skills is not possible
question
When Alzheimer's disease sets in early and affects those under age 60, the final phase of the disease typically occurs around _____ years after the first signs of the disease appear.
answer
3 to 5
question
Stereotype threat can interfere with the cognitive abilities of the elderly. True or False
answer
True
question
Recently, Betty has had difficulty lifting her feet to climb steps. Sometimes her hands tremble when she is drinking her afternoon cup of tea. Which neurocognitive disorder is she likely suffering from?
answer
patkinsons disease
question
Which of the following happens to the brain during senescence?
answer
Neurotransmitter production decreases.
question
Control processes depend on the _____.
answer
prefrontal cortex
question
The most common reversible condition that is mistaken for neurological disorder is _____.
answer
depression
question
Vascular disease is caused by successive strokes that kill off parts of the brain. True or False
answer
True
question
Dorothy has began keeping a detailed journal that includes stories of her childhood and early adulthood. She plans to pass her journal down to her grandchildren as a family history so that they can know her in a more intimate way. Her journal is known as "_____.
answer
a life review
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The usual path of cognition in late adulthood as measured by psychological tests is gradual decline. However, because _____ are the aspects of cognition that fade most with age, such tests may be culturally fair but age-unfair.
answer
abstract thinking and processing speed
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Which of the following is NOT a reason why prescription drugs may produce more severe side effects in the elderly?
answer
The elderly are less likely to miss a dose.
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Dementia is _____.
answer
the pathological loss of brain functioning
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According to Erik Erikson, which does NOT characterize self-actualization?
answer
the longing for a secure and stable home
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Polypharmacy refers to the situation that occurs when patients have multiple prescriptions filled at more than one pharmacy and confuse drug-taking regimens. True or False
answer
false
question
New neurons form in adulthood, and dendrites continue to grow with new experiences. True or False
answer
True
question
The ability to hold information in memory for a moment before evaluating, calculating, and inferring its significance is known as "_____."
answer
working memory
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Findings from PET and fMRI scans show that compared with younger adults, older adults _____.
answer
use more parts of their brains, including both hemispheres, to solve problems
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Talk:Assault rifle/Archive 1
I've modified the article to work around some ambigious wording. The first paragraph read "Examples of assault rifles incorrectly include the AR-15", and then continued on after that point to list actual assault rifles. I've instead broken off the paragraph to give a short list of assault rifles (using the list and wording already provided), and added an addendum pointing out that semi-automatic rifles are not correctly called "assault rifles". Rosensteel 19:27, 25 July 2006 (UTC)
"Assault rifles cause injuries more often than death. Doctrines vary concerning this effect. The U.S. military states that this is an intentional goal. "
Can anyone provide any citations for these facts? I have heard it thrown around frequently by gun shop commandos but never seen any actual documentation. It seems to me that purposely wounding without an attempt to kill would be contrary to the rules of war established by the Geneva and Hague conventions. If no one can do this I would suggest the passages about wounding be removed.
Not trying to get a full thread going, but: The idea of wounding, not killing to put more stress on the other sides resources is an "urban myth". My father was an old military man, fought New Guinea and later an instructor at the "Command College". He pointed out that the idea is just a sound bite and, (as with many things) the devil is in the details. 1) If you wound the guy and he keeps fighting he may kill you. 2) If you wound the guy and then capture him, you can either violate the Geneva convention or caring for him is now YOUR problem. 3) If you wound him and the enemy ends up with him, depending on their culture (Americans have a terrible time understanding this) they can shoot/allow to die or treat him. If he is considered more valuable treated and returned to combat, this is what they do. In either case, they DON'T violate the Geneva convention since he is their own soldier.<IP_ADDRESS> 17:51, 23 September 2006 (UTC)
This is a basically very good article, but I see two problems. I'd be bold in updating and correct it myself, but I'm afraid that I haven't really got the time this evening. (And I accidentally created a firestorm with my Gun safety page, so I'd like to let others handle this article. :-) )
1. The article should make the point more clear about the difference between fully-automatic and semi-automatic weapons. The article does make the distinction, but it describes 'assault rifles' as having a 'selective rate of fire', which is true only of true assault rifles, i.e. true military fully automatic rifles. The civilian versions are semi-automatic.
2. As much as I agree with the argument that the only significant difference between "assault rifles" and low powered hunting rifles is the selective rate of fire, I think this needs to be better supported.
Those who are in support of "assault weapons bans" often use dishonest arguments about "high rate of fire" and so forth. but there are honest defenders of these laws who point to such features as pistol grips as making these guns particularly suitable for "spray and pray" criminals. I don't agree with these poeple, but the argument needs to be noted as an honest point.
Is that political point even appropriate for this page? Perhaps it is. But we need to be careful to present the debate, rather than take a side in the debate. We can best present the debate by giving the strongest arguments from each side.
The main part of the article is very informative, I like it! The bit about the ban in California seemed out of place, though ... I've moved it to a subpage for now.
I see that the politics tie somewhat into the definition that various groups tag to the "Assault rifle" term. Maybe just mention that on the page itself? Other than that, I think the gun politics should be confined to their own page ... --Robbe
I certainly agree with Robbe: All aspects realting to gun regulation politics should be located on a separate page (with a pointer from here perhaps) and this page dedicated to hard facts about assault rifles. I think it's a good article, informative and fairly exhaustive, some politics pruning and we should be home free :-) By the way, isn't an assauylt rifle a military weapon by definition? Is there such a thing as a civilian assault rifle? Ah, better put that on US gun politics, hehe. --Anders Törlind
* As a temporary measure, would be alright to shift the stuff on resisting tyranny to a /politics subpage? --Robert Merkel
I've bitten the bullet and moved it here for the moment. It needs to be made NPOV and shifted to a seperate politics page. --Robert Merkel
Effects on governance
Bayonet lugs, flash-suppression, large magazines and selective-fire are the significant functional differences between an assault rifle and a low-powered, lightweight hunting rifle. These are not large differences. Large capacity magazines and flash suppressors are easy to install. Lightly trained persons can simulate selective fire with any type of repeating rifle, including old-west lever-actions. Bayonet lugs serve only dire military situations.
Thus, as one would expect, forces armed primarily with true assault rifles are relatively ineffective except against unarmed persons. Non-governmental organizations with expedient arms have successfully resisted them.
In the U.S., most civilian weapons labelled "assault rifles" lack selective fire. Their magazines contain ten rounds or less. They fire once for each pull of the trigger, and have no way to act as "machine guns." This allows owners to avoid paying the $200 treasury fee and licensing required to own a small automatic weapon in the U.S. The weapons threaten members of civil government simply because they are effective small arms. Many owners see this as a check on tyranny, and training for civil defense.
How about a section clearly stating the definition of the assault rifle as historically originated by the Stg44:
* 1) select fire, with both semi-automatic and fully-automatic modes;
* 2) an intermediate cartridge, between a pistol and rifle round in power;
* 3) a large-capacity detachable box magazine, usually 20 rounds or higher.
And the current usage, with a note on its controversy, of "assault weapon", which is quite different. I believe the most relevant codified definition of "assault weapon" is in the USA AWB of 1994.
--Blikbok 17:55, 9 Sep 2004 (UTC)
History
The history-chapter seems to be rather long with all the examples, especially when most of the rifles already have their own separate articles. How about breaking the history to its separate article or at least breaking the example rifles to their own articles? Btw, I copied the M-16 image to the introduction chapter. --ZeroOne 12:14, 23 Oct 2004 (UTC)
Suggest 21 possible wiki links and 73 possible backlinks for Assault rifle.
An automated Wikipedia link suggester has some possible wiki link suggestions for the Assault_rifle article:
Additionally, there are some other articles which may be able to linked to this one (also known as "backlinks"): Notes: The article text has not been changed in any way; Some of these suggestions may be wrong, some may be right. Feedback: I like it, I hate it, Please don't link to — LinkBot 11:34, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
* Can link fire support: ...on== The typical mission of an assault rifle is to provide fire support at ranges up to 200 meters by ordinary troops. It is design... (link to section)
* Can link anti-personnel: ...to 200 meters by ordinary troops. It is designed for massed anti-personnel fire at short ranges with simple maintenance.... (link to section)
* Can link The U: ...re often than death. Doctrines vary concerning this effect. The U .S. military states that this is an intentional goal. Enemy... (link to section)
* Can link side-effect: ...an accounts state that the lower lethality is an accidental side-effect of the cartridge's smaller powder charge, which they tried ... (link to section)
* Can link fully automatic: ...shot under combat conditions. The U.S. still does not issue fully automatic weapons to ordinary riflemen in order to reduce the amount ... (link to section)
* Can link front line: ...ntities to radio operators, officers, and troops other than front line riflemen.... (link to section)
* Can link military training: ...valent to a squad automatic weapon is a part of most normal military training . Fully automatic assault rifles can, at a pinch, replace a ... (link to section)
* Can link light infantry: ...47, although classified as assault rifles, were designed as light infantry automatic weapons with single-shot capability, rather than ... (link to section)
* Can link single-shot: ...les, were designed as light infantry automatic weapons with single-shot capability, rather than rifles with the option of full -aut... (link to section)
* Can link semi-automatic: ...ed (for political reasons) to semi-automatic guns. Arms manufacturers had for decades advertised the... (link to section)
* Can link German army: ...cribe similar weapons. For much of the pre-WWII period the German army had relied on the machine gun as the primary infantry weapo...
* Can link close combat: ...ry weapon, with rifles as a support weapon only. However in close combat both weapons proved largely ineffective, the machine gun be...
* Can link British Army: ...0px|Enfield EM-2]] In the immediate post-war era the British Army, like many other forces, started research into their own ve... (link to section)
* Can link Canadian army: ...nd started development of their own rifles based on it. The Canadian army also expressed interest in the new round, both to maintain ... (link to section)
* Can link Small Arms: ...with the British, and to modernize their forces. The Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield started working on two generally similar... (link to section)
* Can link semi-auto: ...his meant the US had spent a lot of money changing from one semi-auto system, the Garand, to another, the M -14. Other forces... (link to section)
* Can link 5.56 mm: ...t a slimmer bullet of the same general weight as the M-16's 5.56 mm (.223") would result in the same ability to be fired in ful... (link to section)
* Can link mass produced: ...tzerland|Swiss army]] is by any standards the most accurate mass produced assault rifle available. It also set the standard for the l... (link to section)
* Can link US armed forces: ...e latest NATO specification ammunition which is now used by US armed forces in their latest M16A2 assault rifles. Comparable in size to... (link to section)
* Can link private ownership: ... 300 meter precision contests and over 100,000 are in Swiss private ownership . The 550P is one of few assault rifles made in vivid colors... (link to section)
* In January 23, can backlink assault rifle: ...Mir Aimal Kasi]] receives the death sentence for a 1993 assault rifle attack outside CIA headquarters that killed two and wou...
* In 2001, can backlink assault rifle: ...g, his mother and other members of the royal family with an assault rifle and then shoots himself. He dies three days later...
* In 1997, can backlink assault rifle: ...Mir Aimal Kasi]] receives the death sentence for a 1993 assault rifle attack outside CIA headquarters that killed two and wou...
* In 5.56 x 45 mm NATO, can backlink assault rifle: ...les and machine guns * Israeli IMI Negev SAW, Galil assault rifle and Tavor TAR-21 bullpup assault rifle...
* In Violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict 2002, can backlink assault rifles: ...nse Forces|IDF]] post near the Gaza Strip with grenades and assault rifles . The soldiers managed to kill one of the attackers. [http:/...
* In Israel Defense Forces, can backlink assault rifle: ...i Developments:''' * Small Arms ** Tavor TAR-21 bullpup assault rifle ...
* In U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, can backlink assault rifles: ...sed of Arabs, withdrew with mortars, rocket launchers, and assault rifles to higher fortified positions and dug in for the battle....
* In Counter-Strike console commands, can backlink assault rifle: ...ct 4;menuselect 1;buy;menuselect 4;menuselect 3" // buy the assault rifle (ak47/m4a1) available to your side and post an error that y...
* In Patty Hearst, can backlink assault rifle: ...on April 15, 1974, she was photographed wielding an assault rifle while robbing the Sunset branch of the Hibernia bank. Late...
* In Grenzschutzgruppe 9, can backlink assault rifle: ...h]] PSG-1 sniper rifle and G8 automatic rifle. *SIG 550 assault rifle ...
* In Royal Marines, can backlink assault rifle: ...nt Weapons == * The SA80A2 - Controversial 5.56 mm assault rifle (accepts M16A2 magazines)...
* In List of Jews, can backlink assault rifle: ...ine gun * Israel Galili, Israeli designer of the Galil assault rifle ...
* In FN FAL, can backlink assault rifle: ...er of countries that adopted it, over 70. Unlike the AK-47 assault rifle, the FAL utilized a full-power rifle [[cartridge (weapo...
* In Medal of Honor: Allied Assault, can backlink Assault rifle: ...0]] Submachine gun *Sturmgewehr (StG) 44 Assault rifle ...
* In Violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict 2003, can backlink assault rifles: ...g her younger sister) wounded when Palestinians, armed with assault rifles, attack the car they were travelling in, on road no. 6, som...
* In British Free Corps, can backlink assault rifle: ...ng methods. They were also issued with the StG44 (MP44) assault rifle and given training in its use. The unit strength was cut do...
* In Terminal ballistics, can backlink assault rifle: ...or fragmentation upon impact. The Warsaw Pact 5.45 x 39 mm assault rifle round exemplifies a trend that is becoming common in the er...
* In Afghanistan timeline February 15-28, 2003, can backlink assault rifles: ... an orchard behind a compound, soldiers found two AK-47 assault rifles beneath a wet burlap sack. The village elder said some fami...
* In Afghanistan timeline November 2002, can backlink assault rifles: ...lian clothing opened fire on the U.S. forces with AK-47 assault rifles . The soldiers returned fire, killing one man. The other esc...
* In Fedayeen Saddam, can backlink assault rifles: ...s. During the invasion, Fedayeen fighters wielded AK-47 assault rifles, rocket propelled grenades, machine guns, and truck-mounted...
* In Beretta, can backlink assault rifles: ...uns, self-loading shotguns, hunting rifles, express rifles, assault rifles, sub-machine guns, lever action rifles, single action revol...
* In SKS Carbine, can backlink assault rifle: ...heir own Type 56 carbine, and an SKS-derived selective-fire assault rifle, the Type 68/72. ...
* In Afghanistan timeline August 2003, can backlink assault rifles: ...spected Taliban members were captured along with documents, assault rifles, shoulder-held rocket launchers and ammunition....
* In FG42, can backlink Assault Rifle: ...of German arms manufacturers. ==Statistics== *Weapon Type: Assault Rifle ...
* In Mikhail Khodorkovsky, can backlink assault rifles: ...and stormed the plane. Several dozen more agents armed with assault rifles and pistols surrounded the jet. ...
* In Harakat ul-Mujahidin, can backlink assault rifles: ...hmir and Doda regions. It uses light and heavy machineguns, assault rifles, mortars, explosives, and rockets. HUM has lost some of its...
* In Weapons of Star Wars, can backlink assault rifles: ...re many variations of blasters; pistols, carbines, cannons, assault rifles and even machine guns<!-- (E webs) [E webs? explanation?] -...
* In History of the Israeli Defence Forces, can backlink assault rifle: ...Israeli made weapons and technologies. The American M16 assault rifle entered service along with the Galil assult rifle - an ...
* In Lord's Resistance Army, can backlink assault rifles: ... fiasco in the early 1990s and has armed these militia with assault rifles . Some observers fear that the introduction of more weapons ...
* In Galatz, can backlink assult rifle: ... Tzalafim'' - a sniper version of the Israeli Galil assult rifle ....
* In France-Albert René, can backlink assault rifle: ..., an airport security guard spotted a Kalashnikov assault rifle in their luggage; the discovery launched a gun battle in wh...
* In Wadih el-Hage, can backlink assault rifle: ...ssault rifle. A man named El Sayyid Nosair used the assault rifle that El-Hage bought in the 1991 death of rabbi [[Meir K...
* In Medal of Honor: Frontline, can backlink Assault Rifle: ...ewehr 43]] Sniper Rifle *MP40 Submachine Gun *StG44 Assault Rifle ...
* In Operation Bulldog Mammoth, can backlink assault rifles: ...53 additional buildings and seized: more than 220 AK-47 assault rifles, along with a number of machine guns, pistols and other rif...
* In Afghanistan timeline January 2004, can backlink assault rifles: ...imroz province]], Afghanistan, dozens of men armed with assault rifles attacked a police checkpoint, killing four policemen....
* In FN FNC, can backlink assault rifle: ...gn="right" | In production: | 1979- |} The FNC is an assault rifle designed by Fabrique Nationale de Herstal in the mid-19...
* In EXpanded MultiPlayer, can backlink assault rifle: ...medium amounts of health and speed. A Tech is armed with an assault rifle, a shotgun capable of spraying napalm as well as regular bu...
* In List of inventions named after people, can backlink assault rifle: ...[Franklin stove]] &ndash; Benjamin Franklin * Galil assault rifle &ndash; Israel Galili ...
* In Pan Am Flight 73, can backlink assault rifles: ...e dressed as Karachi airport security guards and armed with assault rifles, pistols, grenades and plastic explosive belts. At approxim...
* In Terrorism against Israel in 2003, can backlink assault rifles: ... younger sister) were wounded when Palestinians, armed with assault rifles, attacked their car on road no. 6, some few hundreds meters...
* In Terrorist attacks against Israel in 2003, can backlink assault rifles: ...g her younger sister) wounded when Palestinians, armed with assault rifles, attack the car they were travelling in, on road no. 6, som...
* In Rome and Vienna Airport Attacks, can backlink assault rifles: ...onal Airport]] in Rome, Italy, and opened fire with assault rifles and grenades. They killed 16 people and wounded 80 others b...
* In Hirogen, can backlink assault rifles: ...vive. They carry tetryon rifles into combat; these powerful assault rifles utilise a form of energy that Starfleet has so far been una...
* In Barrett Firearms Company, can backlink assault rifle: ...y working on two projects for the military. One is the M468 assault rifle . This is essentially a modification of the M16/AR15 system,...
* In Afghanistan timeline March 2004, can backlink assault rifles: ...Mohammed]] oversaw hundreds of his fighters giving up their assault rifles, machine guns, and rockets to the Afghan National Army....
* In GIAT Industries, can backlink assault rifle: ...ench]] and foreign military, including: * the FAMAS assault rifle ,...
* In Half-Life 2, can backlink assault rifle: ... well as 3 contact grenades. *Pulse Rifle: A powerful assault rifle, which can launch either a burst of gunfire or a large orb ...
* In Izhmash, can backlink assault rifle: ...ns in its field. It manufactures the famous Kalashnikov assault rifle, along with a host of other Russian arms. Izhmash also ...
* In Personal weapon, can backlink Assault rifles: ...the Kalishnikov AK-47 is the best example of this type. Assault rifles typically will have additional grips to allow fast response...
* In List of eponyms, can backlink assault rifle: ...t of acceleration * Israel Galili &ndash; the Galil assault rifle ...
* In Afghanistan timeline May 2004, can backlink assault rifles: ...Musa Qala and opened fire on the government office with assault rifles and heavy machine-guns. Four of the 30 soldiers defending t...
* In Israeli police, can backlink assult rifle: ...ition is authorized by the police. Heavy armaments such as assult rifle, sniper rifles and non-lethal weapon are assigned according...
* In Wassef Ali Hassoun, can backlink assault rifles: ...une 27]], 2004, blindfolded and with masked men holding assault rifles and a sword over his head, saying that he had been captured...
* In List of weapons in Grand Theft Auto: Vice City, can backlink assault rifle: ...e|Colt M4]] - $5000 at Downtown Ammu-Nation, for the "best" assault rifle . Also found in the bottom of the Vercetti mansion....
* In ZGMF-1017 GINN, can backlink assault rifle: ...tons<br> Armament: JDP2-MMX22 experimental 27mm armor assault rifle x1, MA-M3 heavy sword x1...
* In Wiesel1 IFV, can backlink assault rifle: ... 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm assault rifle ammunition....
* In Glossary of WWII German military terms, can backlink assault rifle: ... Sturmgeschütz III. *Sturmgewehr -- assault rifle ...
* In Queen Aiswarya, can backlink assault rifle: ...ing. Her own son wearing military fatigues and wielding an assault rifle and a sub-machine gun murdered her along with nine other me...
* In List of Halo 2 changes, can backlink assault rifle: ...ly possesed and is arguably the new pistol. The role of the assault rifle from the original Halo seems to have gone to the submachine...
* In History of Iraqi insurgency, can backlink assault rifles: ...consisted of small groups of suspected guerillas firing assault rifles and rocket-propelled grenades ...
* In OMON, can backlink assault rifles: ...ncluding but not limited to the following list: *AK-47 assault rifles ...
* In KSK, can backlink assault rifle: ...anguage experts). ==Equipment== *Heckler und Koch G36 assault rifle - special version...
* In In-character, can backlink assault rifle: ... feet into the air and attack an approaching knight with an assault rifle, while talking about what film they were going to see that ...
* In 7.62 x 39 mm M43, can backlink assault rifle: ... German). Shortly after the war the world's most (in)famous assault rifle was designed for this cartridge: the AK-47. The cartrid...
* In Valmet M78, can backlink assault rifle: ... heavy-barreled light support variant of the Valmet M76 assault rifle . In addition to firing the 7.62&times;39mm Soviet cartd...
* In IMBEL MD2, can backlink assault rifle: ... the IMBEL MD2. The MD2 is now the Brazilian army's primary assault rifle ....
* In MAS-49, can backlink assault rifle: ...y's then outdated WW2 rifles. Was the French army's primary assault rifle until the FAMAS came in 1980. ...
* In Special Purpose Individual Weapon, can backlink assault rifle: ...e SPIW, there has been another attempt to revolutionize the assault rifle by way of a small projectile and a very high rate of fire, ...
* In AK5, can backlink assault rifle: The AK5 is the Swedish version of the FN FNC assault rifle, with some minor modifications. It is the standard weapon o...
* In Royal Netherlands Army, can backlink assault rifle: ...onal Weapons=== *Glock 17 9mm pistol *Diemaco C7 5.56mm assault rifle ...
* In Operation Bayonet Lightning, can backlink assault rifles: ...Kirkuk. Soldiers located and confiscated 62 AK-47 assault rifles, 200 rounds of AK-47 ammunition, one [[rocket propelled...
* In List of weapons in Halo 2, can backlink Assault Rifle: ... : Slow Scope : 2x Replacing the MA5B Assault Rifle found in Halo: Combat Evolved, the Battle Rifle was bui...
* In Mobile Suits of Gundam Seed Destiny, can backlink assault rifle: ...e the colors of their units. Its primary armament is a beam assault rifle and a beam axe....
* I took care of the 21 wikilinks. Thanks! :) --ZeroOne 18:26, 1 Dec 2004 (UTC)
Overhaul
The page seems to be in a bit of a state, I plan to overhaul it unless anyone objects. Included will be merging the texts of the individual weapons described with their own pages and removing them from here. Dan100 18:54, Dec 23, 2004 (UTC)
There´s not enough attention towards the AK-47. It´s still widely used and is propably the most plagiarized assault rifle in the world. At least it should be added to the "Significant models"-section.
Overhaul
As promised, I've overhauled this article, removing speculation, original research, PoV, irrelevant material and moving excess text to more appropiate pages. Some of what I removed is reproduced below for historic record:
The low training time for US soldiers is often blamed for the known inability of the soldiers to control their fire (US Army basic training is eight weeks, compared with 12 weeks for the Canadian reserve force and 13 for the US Marine Corps.) Also the US focuses mainly on physical soldiering skills, whereas most other modern nations focus more on mental soldier skills ("boot camp" is typically used to describe military basic training, whereas calling the basic training of most other nations "boot camp" is considered a grave insult.)
Some later models of the Russian Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifles can reduce the rate of fire below five rounds per second. Although this may aid logistics, lowered logistic loads is said to be a doctrine of secondary importance. The lower rate of fire is to help moderately skilled shooters, while it is said to limit better shooters. Many Russian troops apparently dislike this accessory, because it reduces the rate of fire during the assault, and is less reliable than a simple automatic sear. (This was a copy n past from AK47)
To reduce logistic problems, and still provide high rates of fire, some current military doctrines employ a squad automatic weapon used by one or a few specially-trained soldiers in a squad. The term squad is largely a US term, where the equivalent to a squad automatic weapon is a part of most normal military training. Fully automatic assault rifles can, at a pinch, replace a light machine gun. Another very common method is to have one of the riflemen (the nearest and typically a fireteam partner), pick up the gun of a fallen machinegunner and thence, until proper unit reorg, become a machine gunner himself. Some weapons such as the AK-47, although classified as assault rifles, were designed as light infantry automatic weapons with single-shot capability, rather than rifles with the option of full-automatic fire, such as the M16A1. Therefore, the doctrines associated are often weapon dependent.
The helicopter had become an important, perhaps the primary, means of resupplying embattled troops.
Dan100 12:26, Feb 20, 2005 (UTC)
My edit
The reasons for my last edit are listed below in the order I edited, not from top to bottom in the article.
There are multiple assault weapon definitions, none of which (AFAIK) are the one added by Ve3. I added why the two terms are not interchangeable and fixed the reference to 10-round magazines.
* I did not write that definition- it was already in the article. You are wrong anyway, those 5 traits can indeed qualify a rifle as a "assault weapon". Your info that the two terms are not interchangeable was correct, which is why I have now left it. However, it important to mention the 1930s act restricting automatic firearms, which you had removed. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
An assault rifle is by definition not semi-automatic. AFAIK all current definitions of assault weapons refer to semi-automatic firearms. I think specifics on what an assault weapon is should go on pages about them.
* That paragraph already made that clear. I agree though it doesn't need to much detail. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
There is no space in the word "cartridge".
* Good job on finding a typo. I too have corrected some on this page. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
I'm leaving in the M1 info because it "marked first time such a intermediate weapon would massed produced in such large numbers", but it wasn't an assault rifle and that paragraphs really needs cleaning up.
* I don't think its a assault rifle either, but that is not the only reason to include it. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
I changed the definition so it's clear there are others, but I feel selective fire is best where it is. If someone doesn't know what selective fire is, s/he can click on the link and understand the phrase better than if we attempted to re-define it here.
* American Heritage Dictionary defines a AR as: Any of various automatic or semiautomatic rifles designed for individual use in combat. I personally do not agree that definition exactly, but less technical language should be used. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
The BAR didn't introduce the idea of light automatic rifles, and I don't think I've ever seen it called an assault rifle without that claim being quickly beaten down, so I removed that paragraph.
* First of all, it doesn't say that introduced the idea. Second, it didn't say it was a assault rifle. It was a light automatic rifle used like one for time and its has a much importance as the other weapons that are not always considered assault rifles (such as the italian ones). Ve3
I noticed the AWB link redirected...IMO links should go straight to the destination with no redirecting or disambiguation.<IP_ADDRESS>
* I agree here (on AWB);it that was that way (generic link) to begin with and I didn't make it otherwise. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
Your edit was great! Why are you a not-signed-in user?!? Wikipedia will be better for us all if you go create a login, right now! :-) Friday 8 July 2005 23:53 (UTC)
Ve3, I liked the previous version better than your edit, so I reverted. I agree with much of what is stated above. A specific disgreement I have with your version is that BAR was a machine gun, not an assault rifle. Friday 9 July 2005 01:05 (UTC)
* I do not think the BAR is assault rifle. I included it because the entire first section includes things that are not universally considered assault rifles, but just light automatic rifles. It is a oversimplification to say the bar is a machine gun, really it is only a light machine gun. In WW1 it wasn't even really intended for the LMG role, but to be used for mobile suppressive fire and single aimed shots. It was only later that people used it strictly as a LMG, which is why they added bipods and other features to aid in this job. Ve3 9 July 2005 03:27 (UTC)
There's things I like and dislike about several of the versions. I still think the BAR paragraph seems out of place, but I'm don't wanna get in an edit war. Maybe discussion of the BAR is appropriate talking about the evolution of the assault rifle, but it certainly could flow better. It's nice to have a history section, but almost the whole article is in that section now. I'm not sure I like the "Unrelated terms" section either. There was discussion going on in assault weapon about redirecting here (which certainly is inappropriate IMO). I can't decide though whether I think "unrelated terms" doesn't belong at all, or whether I just don't like it because it's awkward. Friday 9 July 2005 04:03 (UTC)
I write too slowly...Friday keeps making my responses pointless by working on the main article! :p One thing that hasn't changed, yet: What was wrong with my revised M1 carbine paragraph?
I'll probably be making some more edits. I hope you'll find them less objectionable now that I have more of an idea where you're coming from. <IP_ADDRESS> 9 July 2005 04:31 (UTC)
Thanks to recent editors
This article looks WAY better now than it did just a short while ago. Thanks to all recent editors. Friday 01:15, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
BAR used as an assault rifle? + M1 carbine
I'm familiar with the Browning Automatic Rifle being used as a squad automatic weapon, but not as an assault rifle, which doesn't even have a particular use. A source for that would be nice.
Also, I'm not so sure about mentioning the M1 Carbine any more...It was really too weak to be an assault rifle, as displayed by the same ammunition being used in the Cristobal submachine gun; and the Japanese had already been using proper assault rifle ammunition as their standard with the 6.5 x 50 Arisaka, although they were replacing it. Thoughts? Ergbert
* IMO, .30 Carbine can be considered an intermediate cartridge, although it's definitely on the weak side. Friday 02:55, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
Actually it would be the M2 carbine because it was the select fire version of the carbine. By definition an M2 would qualify as an ‘assault rifle’ by default, not among the top ten for sure. ak-dave
I agree with your assessment of both the BAR and M1 Carbine. Some discussion is justified in order to compare and contrast with what an assault rifle actually is, but beyond that they don't qualify as assault rifles. solidpoint
Assault Rifle Lie
Many of us who teach firearms understand that the phrases of "assault rifle," "assault pistol" and "assault weapon" are all lies. In a military tactical sense the idea of an "assault rifle" is unrealistic, assinine and impractical. When a military force wants to launch a REALLY effective assault, they use vehicles like tanks, armored cars and armored personnel carriers coupled with a pre-assault artillery barrage and/or series of airstrikes. I guess that the more accurate and true definition of an assault rifle would be the 120 millimeter rifle (cannon) mounted on M1 Abrahams tank. The first use of "assault rifle" came about as the result of a radical anti-gun nut using the term in front of America's most mentally challenged people: Senate politicians. What happened was that there was a Senate committee that was "investigating" the easy access or proliferation of firearms. Most of the people on the Senate committee were anti-gun senators who were looking for a way or catch-phrase to help further their anti-gun cause. The man who testified in front of the Senate DID TELL THE TRUTH but he did so in a way that was not morally correct. In other words, he DELIBERATELY lied "by omission" to make his cause SEEM more just or right. The man who testified about "assault rifles," particularly the MP-44, tried to link the MP-44 with Adolph Hitler. His attempt was to say that Hitler, an evil man, had referred to the MP-44 as "an assault rifle." The idea was that by linking something, a rifle, to an evil man then people, politicians, could be controlled into believing that the rifle was ALSO A BAD THING. In this idea, the easily led politicians would think that, "Evil man likes this assault rifle so that makes ALL rifles bad." Hopefully, the Senate committe would never stop to think things over or ask experts what was really true. Sadly, this is EXACTLY what happened and the Senators fell for the trick used by anti-gunners.
Here's what REALLY happened with Adolph Hitler and the MP-44. Hitler, a World War One veteran, was AGAINST the MP-44 being developed. Hitler, at the time of World War Two, wanted to use his nation's resources to manufacture those rifles that had ALREADY been developed, such as the Mauser K-98 rifles, because they were tried and true firearms. Hitler did NOT want to expend his nation's time, technology and material, at a time of crisis, on developing more new technology as far as firearms were concerned. With firearms, Hitler thought that the Mauser bolt-action rifle was the best thing to meet the infantry's primary firearms need. When Hitler found out that the MP-44 had been developed AGAINST HIS DESIRES, he was not a happy man. Hitler did, however, listen to his generals for once and looked over the MP-44. Hitler DID refer to the MP-44 as a "sturmgewher" or as a "storm rifle." Where the anti-gunner lied by omission is that he did NOT explain that Hitler's use of the word sturmgewher was ACTUALLY meant in the OPPOSITE MANNER. Hitler was, in his own way, actually calling the MP-44 a rifle to be used AGAINST STORMING (RUSSIAN) SOLDIERS in the east! Another way of saying it was that Hitler actually meant that the MP-44 was an "anti-assault or anti-attack rifle." The actual omission part was that in the German language, like in American slang, words take on the opposite meaning or another meaning. In the USA when somebody says, "That was one BAD pizza." they're actually saying that the pizza was great or really good. The SAME THING applies to the Germanic language. I tend to think that this is one of the reasons that defining an "assault rifle" is such a hard thing to do. Look at all the different LEGAL definitions of what is and is NOT an assault rifle. Until our politicians understand that they need properly define what is and isn't right, our nation will be legislating innocent people into becoming criminals with more and more complex laws. Such is the situation LEGAL gunowners find themselves. Politicians are being lied to and the gunowners become the victims of new laws. One of the most interesting facts is the over 99% of ALL guns have and NEVER will be used to commit crimes. The best way to explain the growth of the assault rifle lie can be summed up in the phrase, "Too much hype being used to spark uncontrolled emotional anger in an unrealistic manner to create new and overzealous laws that victimize innocent people."
The 120mm gun on the M1 Abrams can't be called an assault rifle,because it is a smoothbore. Dudtz 10/15/06 5:45 PM EST
* Well, this tangenital rant is half right, but you'd have made a lot more sense if you understood that "assault rifle" is a militarily accepted term with a pretty specific definition, and "assault weapon" is the generic catch-all meaningless phrase used by deceptive gun control advocates who want to scare you. SenorBeef 06:40, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
The future??
Anyone know of any good articles on the future plans for soldier carried assault rifles/weapons ? Would make a good add on paragraph to this article. Thank you SirIsaacBrock 20:49, 26 April 2006 (UTC)
1. I think we should be clearer why the M1 Carbine isn't an assault rifle: (a) design purpose, as defensive weapon for non-combatants and leaders, (b) low power, (c) lack of vertical rear grip, or (d) lack of autofire. I don't know much about (a); equipping paratroopers with the M1A1 implies an assault rifle role. (B) seems nit-picky. The 30 Carbine's muzzle energy is a (weak?) 955 foot-pounds; the Thompson's 45 ACP gives a (powerful?) 405 (from a pistol barrel; don't know about an SMG barrel); assault rifles like the MP 43 / Sturmgewehr did 1408 while the 5.56mm NATOs do 1325, and the AK-74 - which everyone agrees is an assault rife - does 1045. All this compares to the 30-06 with its 2500. Is there an arbitrary 1000 foot-pound cut-off that I'm unaware of? (C) seems superficial and doesn't apply to the M1A1. (D) is correct but doesn't apply to the M2. 2. I thought the B.A.R. was full-auto-only; am I wrong? Or were single aimed shots actually achieved with a really short trigger pull? 3. The "120 millimeter rifle (cannon) mounted on M1 Abrahams tank" is a smoothbore. (On an Abrams.) 4. I'm not convinced that the language in the 1994 assault weapons ban even uses the term "assault rifle" at all. It defines how different weapons - shotgun, rifle, or pistol - could qualify as an "assault weapon". Okay, so the military's idea of an "assault rifle" is very different from the 1994 legal definition of an "assault weapon". Let's not waste our breath talking about one term used in two different ways - it is two terms. Boris B 07:54, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
(Apologies for the lack of line-breaks in my above post, and the fact that my sig is in a little box. ? If someone wants to fix that I'd be grateful, since I don't seem to have an Edit option for Talk pages. Will preview in the future.) Does the M16A2 count as an assault rifle, lack, as it does, a full-auto option? Boris B 07:59, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
This term was not used in the 1994 law
I did look it up. The term "assault rifle" does not appear in the assault weapons ban (scroll to Title XI). If some anti-gun groups used the term, they should be quoted as such. Boris B 08:34, 7 August 2006 (UTC)
Inclusion of 6.5 Grendel in discussion
I have added a mention of the 6.5 Grendel assault rifle cartridge at the end of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s: New form factors and features, tactical use, and a changing battlefield section with a few introductory remarks.
I also removed the interesting but irrelavant remark about the factors behind the US adopting the Colt .45 pistol due to problems with the .38 caliber in the Philipines. While interesting, and something that should be included in any discussion of the development of the Colt 45, it seems well off point in a discussion of assault rifles. Running my own stuff through MS Word I took the liberty of correcting a few spelling errors in that section.
21st Century Developments
In an attempt to preserve the existing date categories and yet not have 21st century developments labeled incorrrectly I added a new category for developments after 12-31-1999. There were two significant developments recently that fall into this new category. The development of the 6.8SPC and the 6.5 Grendel. I hope this will be seen as a needed enhancement to the page. Solidpoint
Creation of an entire Bullet-Proof Vest section
My open question as to whether the assault rifle will continue to be useful in the face of rapidly improving ballistic protection is appropriate for a discussion of its future and was supplied by Dr Gary Roberts who is one of the members participating in the NIJ tests ongoing as we speak.
http://www.tacticalforums.com/cgi-bin/tacticalubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=78;t=001286;p=1#000000
I don't think an entire section devoted to a discussion of bullet proof vests is appropriate because at that degree of emphisis it beomes off-topic disussion. I hope you will reconsider the creation of a new section and also the use of 3rd party material taken from another web site. Since Dr Roberts is actually part of the NIJ team I think he qualifies as a 1st party source. His posts on tacticalforms were his chosen forum of presentation because he is a moderator and frequent contributor to that site.
I have added back my open question because I feel strongly it is a question that bears directly on the future of the assault rifle.
Solidpoint
* Hello, I added a response and reverted your entry before I found and read this entry, so I apologise now. Your original entry had merit, but was uncited and moderately well written, so I rewrote it. I agree with you and I believe body armour will have an impact on assault rifles and the cartridges they use in the future, in fact, they must or risk having a diminishing value. "The future" section should obviously default to the future of assault rifles, but I believe should have subsections for items that will affect it, such as, body armour and cartridges, scopes etc. This framework will allow the growth of the article in a systematic and orderly way. I think having a basic framework for others to plug in information would be the best way to go. Or it has the potential to turn into spaghetti with everything mixed into one section. Thank you <IP_ADDRESS> 16:17, 7 October 2006 (UTC)
I agree that some mention of the potential for body armor to not just diminish, but render obsolete, the intermediate power rounds that characterize assault rifles is needed. I would like to see your wording strengthened accordingly. Weapons do become obsolete. Aircraft made battleships obsolte, tanks made trench warfare obsolete, mechanical warfare made horses obsolete, etc. etc.
I like your submission EXCEPT for the creation of a whole new category in which to showcase the DragonSkin SOV body armor in particular. This smacks of being an advertisement. Also, your citation is sub-standard in that it does not reflect the current state of affairs, it is speculative. The NIJ has not approved DragonSkin and the citation I gave you references DockGKR's up to date detailing of the proceedings so you don't need to speculate, you have links to data less than 36 hours old. (I am a huge fan of DragonSkin btw, and feel they have been badly maligned by the DOD - if you have any doubt of this please read my posts on the 65Grendel.com site - but this is not the place to grind axes. To do so calls into question the objectivity of everything else written on this page. Restraint is respect.)
You want to create categories for each thing that assault rifle are affected by? How about metals to make the cases out of, the mining industry that supplies the metals, polymers to coat them with, the entire plastics industry, trucks to carry them in, airplanes to ship them into theater, etc. etc. etc. The list is potentially nearly endless. Some discretion needs to be used. The current creation of an entirely new category for each and every possible impingement on the assault rifle is an invitation to disaster. The entire focus of the page will be lost.
Putting the shoe on the other foot, since body armor has been dramatically impacted by the desire to protect against assault rifles we could cut and paste the entire Assault Rifle page's content into the body armor page too, but the beauty of hyper-links is you let the reader decide if they want that additional level of detail. Any mention of body armor, beyond noting it has the potential to make assault rifles obsolete, should function primarily as a thumbnail for optional reader investigation.
In short, I would be quite happy if you just removed the new section and then reviewed your revision with an eye to minimizing any bias towards any particular maker of body armor. The actual text is quite good in my opinion. In truth, it will not be DragonSkin that renders the assault rifle obsolete, it will be whatever the other side fields - so the particular brand is not important to the consideration of whether assault rifles will be rendered obsolete or not.
Thank you for considering my request.
Solidpoint
* I think u added the name dragon body armour <IP_ADDRESS> 22:06, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
Yes, but I didn't link it to a page entry with an extended discussion of this commercial product. I mentioned it because it is the current state of the art as ongoing testing to be made public soon will reveal. If you want to have a discussion sign in and get an account. Only a coward hides behind an IP address.
Solidpoint
A cartridge is not a bullet and vice-versa
Somebody needs to get their head around some terms and then go edit the "The Future" section. A bullet is the thing that comes out of the end of the barrel. A cartridge is a piece of brass that just happens to also determine rather precisely the exact dimensions of a combustion chamber which the powder burns in.
In view of this it is clearly wrong to discuss "cartridge ballistics". The cartridge doesn't have ballistics, the bullet does. To be ballistic anything something has to at least move. A cartridge doesn't move except in and out of the chamber. A cartridge can influence internal ballistics and is usually the dominant consideration in internal ballistics, but ballistics is all about what the bullet does. It's the thing moving.
The NATO standard cartridge is also not 5.56, that is the bullet's diameter. The NATO, or one of them, standard cartridge is 5.56x45 where the 45mm is the length of the piece of brass known as the cartridge.
AK-47s ALLWAYS "accept"s ("chamber" is a much better word; "accepts" seems to imply it could reject it. This is nonsense) the 7.62 caliber but only if it is seated in a 7.62x39 Russian cartridge loaded with a 123 grain 7.62 caliber bullet. This combo is usually manifest as an M43 round. All of this is wrong though as the standard Russian rifle is now the AK-74 which fires a 5.45 caliber bullet from a 5.45x39 cartridge. If any of this is confusing to you the please stop “contributing” to this page. It’s a big enough mess already thanks to the help of the ignorant.
The final bit of gibberish in this section is a reference to internal ballistics where armor penetration is concerned. Internal ballistics is all about how powder burns and makes pressure and pushes the bullet out of the barrel. It has absolutely nothing to do with whether a bullet is made of tungsten, lead, copper or Velveta cheese. The reference to terminal ballistics is almost as weak as this generally refers to the study of the bullet’s ability to wound and an armor penetrating bullet will not be focused on this. It will be focused on getting through armor so it can do any wounding at all.
I think I’ll give this a week to fix itself and then just delete this superfluous sub-section. The problem with getting off-topic is you end up making a fool or yourself.
* Wrong, the cartridge consists of all parts including the bullet, case, gunpowder and primer. It is not one section or the other. <IP_ADDRESS> 10:17, 12 October 2006 (UTC)
* Right, only someone who buys the ammo someone else loaded thinks a cartridge includes the bullet, primer and powder. If your assumption were correct then given that there are something like 25 different bullets in 6.5 caliber I could create 25 different and distinct cartridges simply by loading the same identical cartridge with different bullets. Only sloppy thinking on the part of K-Mart shoppers allows for nonsense like this. A cartridge is a precisely dimensioned piece of brass which when chambered in a well-defined barrel constitutes a very precise combustion chamber with very precise dimensions and an attendant set of internal ballistic characteristics. Btw, is there some point to signing your "no-name" signature at the end of your post? Since you are too cowardly to abandon the safety of obscurity what's the point of signing?
Solidpoint 10:11, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
SwatJester's Vandalism not appreciated
The graphic I posted was prepared using Hodgdon pressure-safe load data from their online load tables and BC info from Sierra's website tables. The only round which required judgment was the Chinese 5.8x42 because the BC is not known in the West as far we could determine.
The conclusion that the 6.5 Grendel is THE MOST powerful assault rifle cartridge does not even depend on it carrying its energy better than any other. It is simply an observation that at 2,500 joules it is the most powerful round, period. Now if you weren’t such a lazy sod and actually went and looked up this info, or checked out the very lengthy discussion as to how this information was derived on the 65Grendel.com website you would not resort to blantant vandalism of my post. Or perhaps you are one of these hang-wringing ninnies that can never get comfortable with any statement of an absolute. At any rate, I will revert to my original post and if you vandalize it again you will be reported for your vandalism.
In time FAQs regarding this .jpg will be answered in an annotated .pdf so that the assumptions and estimates will be bound and inseparable from the graphic. In the meantime you can either accept my conclusions or challenge the facts. Anything else is vandalism. Statements of fact are not "unencyclopedic" no matter how reluctant you are to accept that something will always be the best in its class.
Oh, and assault rifles, not ammunition. must maintain a delicate balance between competing factors, such as recoil. Bullets don't have recoil, weapons do. Heavier weapons have less, gas operated weapons have less, and light, bolt operated weapons have more. If you are purporting to be an expert RE: assault rifles nobody should have to explain this to you. Just because you can run a computer doesn't mean you are qualified to "contribute" as an expert on a subject. The fact that I am having to explain this to somebody ought to tip them off that they aren't an expert and should butt out and let people that are write this page. Beyond that I know exactly what was being discussed, assault rifles, not bullets because I wrote that paragraph and I know exactly what was on my mind when writing it. This is hardly a subtle point as a cursory read of the sentence in context should quickly reveal. Therefore, the correct heading is NOT "Ammunition", it is "Summary" as this is a discussion of whether the assault rifle will even have a place as a combat system in the future and what remedies are likely to prevent its obsolescence. It is absolutely NOT a discussion of ammunition, never was and never should be. Solidpoint 10:09, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
Text addition
I removed a chunk of text inserted by an anon user - it seemed not to add anything to the article and added a slant that seemed not entirely encyclopedic. However, if anyone else feels it should be there, please feel free to edit the article accordingly. Carom 00:45, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
Body Armor Section
Is this section needed? Possibly a link to separate page instead of getting into this area. It could go on and on with vehicle armor, windshield penetration... —The preceding unsigned comment was added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:04, 6 December 2006 (UTC).
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Discussion
I've performed a cleanup and culled some junk from the article as well as making some changes to readability and factual corrections. I removed large chunks of speculation and two separate tangetially related discussions of American law and Body armor. These discussions don't belong in this article as they're repeated elsewhere. --Asams10 20:18, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
* }
It seems the future section is one big PoV speculation. I think a source or two would be appropriate here. Veritas Panther 04:10, 14 December 2006 (UTC)
¿Superseded?
The article reads, “having largely superseded or supplemented larger and more powerful battle rifles,” but does not explain why. I couldn’t care less the types that is replaced- I’d be far more interested in the why.
* The reasons are laid out in the History section. There isn't room in the lead of the article to explain the reason why the switch was made I think.--Sus scrofa (talk) 14:39, 24 September 2009 (UTC)
Black Hawk Down - Appropriate Source?
I notice that the film Black Hawk Down is footnoted as a source (twice). I am not sure if a film is a reliable source for determining the stopping power of a bullet. Thoughts? --Eyrian 22:07, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
It's a book too, one that's on the reading list at USMA and famous for bringing to light the stopping power issues of the 5.56 greentips. I think it's reliable enough, and Mark Bowden is certainly notable. ⇒ SWAT Jester On Belay! 22:36, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
It's not a valid source because it's opinion. Empirical data, possibly involving ballistics gelatin would be valid. Many notable people, mostly politicians, make statements that are patently ridiculous (.50BMG taking down airplane, etc). BHD is on the reading list because it tells an important story, not because the 5.56 round has problems. <IP_ADDRESS> 21:01, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
Hmmm....50BMG was used to take down many airplanes in WWII. First hand accounts of observed effect are not opinion.Reginhild 03:02, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
.50BMG was used in machine guns to take down low flying planes. I was referring to the popular myth that a single shot from a modern .50 calibre rifle can take down a jetliner. <IP_ADDRESS> 04:43, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
HOWEVER, the wiki article MISQUOTED Bowden's book. The Delta operative he interviewed at no point said his CAR-15 "failed" to "kill" the Somali gunman. He observed mutiple 5.56 hits on target without incapacitation, adding that he was sure that the hits were LETHAL and that the gunmen would "bleed out later" and die. The article's claim that the 5.56mm failed to kill is thus inaccurate and fallacious. Certainly no ammount of drugs can compensate for total blood loss. There are also those who had the patience to sift through the accounts of all of the Rangers interivewed; those who were issued with M16s said that center of mass hits stopped the Somalis cold. It was a velocity problem inherent in the shorter barrel of the CAR-15s used, probably the 11.5 in. varient. -Jonathan Chin —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:10, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
Asams
Something that could really improve this article is inline citations. I'm not saying it's not cited, I'm just saying the citations are not added into the document with the ref or citeweb tags. The article cannot improve to good article or better without the citations. Want to help me improve it that way? (I'm asking you because the large majority of my time is spent now with my wikiproject and reconnaissance/infantry related articles, and I don't ahve time to do it singlehandedly here. ) ⇒ SWAT Jester On Belay! 22:38, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
* I'll add it to my watch list and get to it at another time. This article was pretty trashed and will require some more time... time I don't have right now.--Asams10 20:15, 13 December 2006 (UTC)
Improvements appreciated
I will have to read this carefully to make specific comments, but in general what has been done so far addresses many of my complaints. Mark Bowden is a reputable author but there are also web-published OIF After-Action reports that cite problems with the 5.56 NATO round. IIRC the 101st Airborne deployed to Iraq with M14s and were very happy they did due to its much greater effective range. The 82nd Airborne used M4s which are virtually useless due to insufficient velocity (citation of Fackler’s work would help a lot on this point) to fragment beyond about 115 yards. The point being there are other sources that could be referenced to point up the deficiencies of the 5.56 platforms.
I was never a fan of the body armor section - except to the extent it was a "thumbnail" to invite the reader to click on a hyperlink so they could better understand the arms race between assault rifles and body armor. Currently the assault rifle is effective as we aren't facing many enemies wearing quality body armor, but this condition can not be presumed to prevail in perpetuity. Body armor will very soon dramatically affect assault rifles, but it is still OT beyond a mention to my way of thinking.
The list of features that were supposed to be required of all future assault rifles was a mess. It was very inconsistent in the level of detail of the various bulleted points and most of those features seemed to be features of existing assault rifles, not features that would make future assault rifles different or superior.
I will have to read the intro to the page again, but some short list of attributes that defines an assault rifle might be useful and THEN a short list of what new technologies are appearing on the scene that might address the challenge of body armor MIGHT be helpful. I think I have covered it pretty well though in the summary paragraph. The USMC has M240's in eval with Ti receivers for example, but that is not an assault rifle technology - yet. There is no mention of electronic primer systems either and these are COTS from Remington as we speak, but not used by any assault rifle I know of. The Israelis have a gun system that is made to shoot around corners and features a hi-rez digital optical targeting system and small LCD screen so the shooter can see and shoot around the corner. If we throw in electronic primers the system immediately gets the ability to be fired by remote control from around the corner, block or world. At some point though this becomes a discussion that is inappropriate to assault rifles and more appropriate to target acquisition systems.
Mostly I wanted to check in as I had a message asking for my help and I wanted to see what had been done. So far I like what I see.
Solidpoint 08:02, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
The issue with M4s has more to do with the short barrel than it does with the round itself: a shorter barrel means lower round velocity. The M4 is totally different in purpose than the M16 - it was pushed through after panama and replaced M3 and a number of handguns. It's a short and small weapon, not a main battle rifle.
Furthermore, according to globalsecurity.org (not sure how to link the article) the M16A1, which is far inferior in terms of the ammunition loads it was used with when compared to the A2 and A3 variants, was "judged far more effective" than the M14 in real combat, and produced twice the casualties.
On the topic of Assault Rifle classifications, I think it would be fair to say that an AR is a select fire weapon chambered in an intermediate cartridge. Something about weight would also likely be necessary, I suppose, and maybe purpose to differentiate from a SAW. <IP_ADDRESS> 00:57, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
Having carried and used the M16A1, M16A2 and M4 over the course of my career, I would dispute the claims above. The M4 is, in fact, currently issued as a replacement for M16-series rifle in units (Infantry, Military Police, etc) which rely on a rifle or carbine as the individual soldiers' primary weapon.
As for "far inferior" (in reference to the M193 ball round used in the M16A1) this is nonsense. The alleged superiority of the M855 ball round (as used in the M16A2 and M4) is in one effect only: it's ability to make holes in helmets at very long (800+ meters) ranges. Its actual terminal effect, in both ballistic testing media and as observed in combat use, is inferior to that of the older M193. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:22, 11 December 2009 (UTC)
Selective fire weapons qualify as assault rifles
I added this important distinction back to the intro as weapons such as the M1 Carbine did not have full auto capabilities and yet that platform is still considered by many to be an assault rifle. In addition, since US doctrine favors sustained, aimed fire over "spray and pray" it is entirely possible that weapons without full auto (does the M4 have full-auto capability?) capabilities, that are fielded and generally viewed as assault rifles, will return to the scene. Solidpoint 08:52, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
* Not trying to be a prick about this, but the distinction being made is incorrect. The M1 Carbine is NOT an assault rifle as it lacks the capability for full-automatic fire. The M2 and M3 carbines can be classified as such being selective-fire weapons. Selective fire means that it has BOTH semi- and full-auto modes. Selective fire requires BOTH modes. A semi-automatic only firearm cannot be classified as an assault rifle, but a firearm without the capability for semi-auto fire CAN. Putting the term selective fire in confuses the subject here. Further the M4 Carbine and M16A2 ARE capable of full-automatic fire in bursts. The definition of full-auto is that it fires multiple shots with a single pull of the trigger, even if limited mechanically at some point. Interestingly, one can remove the burst mechanism from the M16A2 (and M4) quite simply and utilize it as an automatic rifle.--Asams10 17:13, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
It appears that the M4 does NOT have a full auto mode, and in spite of your late night rewrite of the entire page on selective-fire, (which has left dozens of pages on assault rifles with internal contradictions btw) your insistence that an assault rifle MUST have a full auto mode is not widely shared by civilian or military shooters. The idea of selective fire is that you can chose between single-shot and some other burst mode, up to and including a full auto mode where the weapon will fire until the trigger is released or ammo is exhausted. I think you are being somewhat obtuse to ignore the persistent rewrites of the intro section and insisting instead that your definition is the correct one. I reached this conclusion after reading reviews of assault rifles for the last few hours and noted that in many cases the authors go out of their way to distinguish between weapons that have 3-5 shot burst modes and those that have full-auto capabilities. I am also almost certain that narrowing the definition of assault rifles to require they have a full auto mode will not stand the test of time as the trend, both in western combat doctrine, and in assault rifles becoming more powerful to deal with longer range requirements and body armor, will be away from full auto fire because more the powerful cartridges that are being contemplated will make full auto fire poorly controlled fire. While in general I don't like the idea of perception being definition, I think in this case what are commonly believed to be assault rifles are excluded by your more narrow definition. I'd like to see some references to support your point of view, or else I am forced to conclude that your definition is in fact just a POV violation. Solidpoint 21:21, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
* Solidpoint, please don't personally attack me again. You are wrong, but I'm not going to take it up here in a personal manner. Your edits give me the impression you have no idea what the difference between semi-automatic, automatic, burst-fire, and selective fire are. I'll try not to patronize you, but please read the selective fire page for a clearer definition and DO NOT personally attack me again. I am narrowing no definitionis and what I wrote in the selective fire article was true. The article was wrong, and I corrected it. I neither said nor did I imply that an assault rifle could not be limited to burst-modes and, in fact, burst fire is fully-automatic fire. You'll need to do some research before you respond.--Asams10 22:43, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
Ummm... Select fire means there are more than one modes of fire that can be selected between. I mean, even the M1918A2 BAR's with two rates of automatic fire are select fire. About the only "assualt rifle" I can think of without select fire is the non-adopted Walther prototype that competed against the Haenel version that fired automatically from an open bolt, IIRC. The only other exceptions that can reasonably be argued are the Heavy Barreled M16-variants intended for use as SAWs and firing open bolt... Deathbunny 08:00, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
Not all select-fire weapons are assault rifles, but all assault rifles are select-fire weapons. SenorBeef 04:09, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
SenorBeef is correct. All assault rifles in use and being considered for use are select-fire. Selection is between single semi-auto fire and another fire rate (or two). There are two round burst, three round burst, and full auto alternative ROF that I know of with assault rifles. (the converse is not true - while all assault rifles are select-fire there are select-fire weapons that are not assault rifles...just like both revolvers and auto-pistols both require barrels but having a barrel does not make a pistol a revolver)Reginhild 16:01, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
Concerning a statement above: Burst fire is not solely fully-automatic fire. You can fire controlled bursts from a fully automatic weapon or you can fire bursts from a burst limited fire weapon. The US Military made a big distinction when they went from fully auto to burst selection with their assault rifles.Reginhild 16:06, 22 December 2006 (UTC)
Isn't one of the defining characteristics of an assault rifle is that it has a pistol grip? Also, isn't .30 Carbine a pistol cartridge? These two things should exclude the M2/M3 Carbine from being an assault rifle. automatic carbine is probably the correct category (remember, an assault rifle is a specific design of automatic rifle. all assault rifles are automatic rifles. but not all automatic rifles are assault rifles). The same goes for the so-called pre-sturmgewehr 44 "assault rifles" like the cei-rigotti (not sure of the spelling). They don't have pistol grips. --Philip Laurence (talk) 00:53, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
* No, a pistol grip is not one of the defining characteristics of an assault rifle. Glad we got that cleared up. cacophony ◄► 20:53, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
Black Hawk Down (again)
Look, it's a bit ridiculous to use the movie Black Hawk Down as a source for claiming that 5.56 doesn't have the stopping power of 7.62. It's definitely not NPOV -- using specious sources and trying to use wikipedia as a platform to advance a position would be the opposite of neutral. Please remember that both bullets are very small, much smaller than a perosn. They can't knock someone over - the rounds just don't have the momentum to do so. The wound channels created by the bullets hitting flesh might put someone into shock, which would lead to them falling over, but otherwise the concept of stopping power is just mythical. Shot placement is really what matters if you're looking to take someone down - destroying the brain or otherwise damaging CNS, or causing massive trauma to the chest are the only ways. Having a slightly larger round matters far less than where that round is placed, and movie commandos are not a valid source. If you have real sources regarding 5.56 and a higher incidence of failure to take down enemies than 7.62, then you should cite them. Otherwise, I think that section should be redacted at the very minimum to fit in with Wikipedia standards. <IP_ADDRESS> 20:57, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
* 308 win (7.62 NATO) loaded with 168gr bullets will put out somewhere between 2500 and 2700 ft/lbs. a 5.56 round with a 62gr bullet at 3100 fps puts out just 1323 ft/lbs. also, beyond 200m there have been lots of field reports and independent tests showing that the 5.56 doesnt fragment at all, or fragments far less. while civilian ammo in this round (basically .223) has combated this to some extent with bullets especially designed to fragment and/or mushroom (ie the nosler ballistic tips and similar), military ball ammo (FMJ) has no such bullets (iirc this is governed by the Geneva convention). now let me address your second statement, that they couldnt knock something down. did you take physics? a foot pound is a unit of work, ie force times distance. one foot pound means the work required to move one pound one foot. thus a bullet with 2500 ft/lbs of energy at the muzzle could theoretically move a 2.25 ton block 1 foot across a frictionless surface (assuming an inelastic collision). if you dont think that knocks a person down... well go shoot a tub of ballistic gel or something i guess. (one ballistic table here ). on the other hand, i certainly agree with you on movies being a bad source, but the basic argument is true. Qleem 00:23, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
I hope you understand that Mark Bowden was an actual soldier and the book Black Hawk Down gives his actual accounts of combat. Black Hawk Down was discussed earlier and is a credible source that cannot be ignored. A soldier's first hand account of effects observed in combat (note this is not considered opinion) is more credible than any other ideas one might have without actual first hand evidence. Shot placement does also matter and one should feel free to cite first hand accounts. Here is some interesting reading: SOLDIER WEAPONS ASSESSMENT TEAM REPORT 6-03 It discusses "The Operational Suitability, Lethality, and Maintainability and Reliability of weapons, ammunition and weapon accessories while conducting operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom." Look at Section I.b.M16 Rifle Ammunition Issue#3 Lethality. Another interesting source is to look at police databases on one stop shot percentages by type of ammunition. Reginhild 02:44, 15 January 2007 (UTC)
Mark bowden is not a solider and he was not in mogodishu he not a documenteryer(i have no idea what the offical word is) he is a journolist and he tells the book as if he was a journalist and as if he was there when in relaity he was not. but still he is a relible source(ForeverDEAD 04:13, 12 August 2007 (UTC))
The wiki article MISQUOTED Bowden's book. The Delta operative he interviewed at no point said his CAR-15 "failed" to "kill" the Somali gunman. He observed mutiple 5.56 hits on target without incapacitation, adding that he was sure that the hits were LETHAL and that the gunmen would "bleed out later" and die. The article's claim that the 5.56mm failed to kill is thus inaccurate and fallacious. Certainly no ammount of drugs can compensate for total blood loss. There are also those who had the patience to sift through the accounts of all of the Rangers interivewed; those who were issued with M16s said that center of mass hits stopped the Somalis cold. It was a velocity problem inherent in the shorter barrel of the CAR-15s used, probably the 11.5 in. varient. -Jonathan Chin —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:12, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
* I read the online Philly Inquirer story and not the book, but I agree about the Delta and his 5.56mm. In fact, the only instance I remember in the online version about lethality was a M60 gunner having to use multiple bursts to down an old Somali gunman. In other words, a 7.62 NATO round. Go figure.Mytg8 (talk) 14:08, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
Seems like a case of anecdotal evidence.--Sus scrofa (talk) 15:58, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
Article too long
The article seems too long to me, cluttered with information on other types of weapons and on particular weapons. Would anyone be opposed to severely cutting down the article, taking out perhaps more than half of the history and future sections? Ergbert 05:05, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
Definition of assault rifles
There is no universally agreed upon definition of assault rifles; the respected authors Maxim Popenker and Anthony G. Williams, for example, do not use the definition that was added to the article, and consider the Cei Rigotti and Fedorov Avtomat to be assault rifles. Two of the sources provided were at least in part by the same person, and the third, if it provides exactly the same definition, probably just copied on of the others, or vice versa; it's really the same as if I were to provide the book Assault Rifle by Popenker and Williams, as well as their separate websites, in an attempt to show consensus where there is none. Ergbert 01:51, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
* Popenker and Williams are indeed not the only ones who use sloppy terminology in describing any shoulder fired self-loading gun an assault rifle. The cited sources are only those who enumerate the cited characteristics of assault rifles compared to those of battle rifles and automatic rifles. There is no point in boasting a listing of hundreds of books and magazine articles I personally red over the last 30 years in different languages. There is definitely a consensus in literature about a narrow definition of what an assault rifle is, and what it sets apart from other types of firearms like battle rifles. And indeed, there is a lot of sloppy use in terminology, but this should not brand mark a correct definition as “disputed”. --Dutchguy 18:47, 23 February 2007 (UTC)
I'm sorry to say that Maxim Popenker and Anthony G. Williams are not very good sources of information. While they have churned out volumes of articles on the subject of Small Arms. I have found their work sloppy and some of their personal associates questionable. As for the definition in the article it seems to be a combination of the US Army definition and the political definition.Paulwharton 03:47, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
The US Army does not use the term Assault Rifle in regard to its own weapons. The M16 series is simple a rifle; the M4 series is simply a carbine. The supposed source for the "Official" US Army definition is merely one man's opinion wedged in an article concerning foreign weapons. No US Army manual or doctrinal publication applies the term "Assault Rifle" to US weapons. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:34, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
This whole article is bullshit, since the premise in the opening line is POV. There is no provable consensus, no technical agreement on any term, and who cares what an editor personally thinks is a "very good source of information" or not. No credibility whatsoever to any article pursued fallaciously from the git-go. This "article" is opinion, pure and simple.--Reedmalloy (talk) 23:30, 12 May 2009 (UTC)
Assault weapon VS automatic weapon section.
I feel it should be removed as this artical is about the assault rifle as a whole not just a specific country. That section is more gun politics then actualy about the weapons itself. (ForeverDEAD 04:08, 12 August 2007 (UTC))
* I think a section describing the differences between the two similar sounding concepts is useful, it clears up any confusion. --Sus scrofa 11:23, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
Hitler
Sturmgewehr coined by Hitler? Really? by him personally - a politician, former corporal who fancied himself as a great Napoleonesque general but whose country's military success (atleast early in the war) was due to the Wehrmacht officers? Could they military strategists and leaders have coined it? Sounds very similar to Sturmmann (stormtrooper), and even if a source were found what is to say that the gobshite Goebbels lauded the credit upon the Dear Leader for his usual nefarious propaganda purposes? Andy Fisher-Scott (talk) 21:38, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
* Hitler insisted upon having a personal say in weapons procurement. He had opposed procurement of the StG44, until witnessing a demonstration where he called it a "sturmgewehr". Numerous sources back this up in this case. The first to come to mind is Military Small Arms of the 20th Century by Ian Hogg.--LWF (talk) 21:41, 15 January 2008 (UTC)
Different Variations
Can we also include the different variations manufactured by the Indian Ordinance Board. Like the INSAS and Kalantak?Shovon 19:26, 2 March 2008 (UTC)
Late 50's and 60's
The fourth paragraph of this section of the article says that the Russians favored a smaller round, but the standard Russian rifle continued to use a 7.62 round while the US changed to .556. To what does this paragraph refer?--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 16:54, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
Smaller than its full length, non assault rifle predecessor, the Russian 7.62x54mm, and, by corollary, the then-contemporary NATO 7.62x51mm, at least as I read it. Granted, it does seem a bit confusing to the average reader. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:00, 23 April 2008 (UTC)
On a different note, I added some material (in some cases, reverted some material) regarding McNamara and the "wounding better than killing" battlefield efficiency theory. It had been removed by an overly happy previous anon editor without regard for affecting flow of the preceeding and following paragraphs, and instead declared it an urban myth in a very POV manner. As it happens, its not a myth, there was such a theory promoted, and is cited in a published work (citation added), as well as being discussed by Eugene Stoner himself during a 1996 interview with The History Channel (for the series 'Tales of the Gun').<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:15, 23 April 2008 (UTC)
this whole article is inherently POV
there is no universal definition of an assault rifle, so how can this article be NPOV? this article refers to automatic rifles predating ww1 as assault rifles but not the hkg3 which was based off the stg45? lets reaassess this —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 17:51, 26 March 2008 (UTC) The G3 is disincluded because it fires a full- power rifle round, (7.62 NATO 7.92 Mauser 30-06 etc.) and is therefore not conrollable in automatic fire. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:41, 17 September 2010 (UTC)
i think we should list all assault rifle pages as automatic rifles since assault rifle is aPOV term used by politicians and certain gun writers. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 20:02, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
* That is the most B.S i have ever heard. The term "Assault Weapon" is used by poloticions. Assault rifle is a universal term that refears to these rifles. Besides there is quite a differnce between a Assault rifle(G36 and Automatic rifle(Browning Automatic Rifle) БοņёŠ ɓɤĭĠ₳₯є 23:28, 2 April 2008 (UTC)
* The term "Assault" is what is confusing the ignorant here. It does not mean "Assault" as in "assault and battery", rather it is used as a synonym for storming or assaulting an objecive. The level of ignorance of this basic fact on both sides of the argument is tedious and comical at times. The media assume that it means to hurt and kill... well, yeah it does... it's a FIREARM, DUH! It is a tool for hurting and killing. That is its function. That is its design. The media tend to get all up in arms over the fact that anybody is ever hurt or dies. EVERYBODY dies, that is a basic fact of our existance. Some people just deserve to die more than others. Of course, it is the soldier, citizen, cop, or bad guy who kill, not the weapon itself. There isn't any F#$%ing point of view on assault rifles, they are a reality and a descriptive term. --'''I am Asamuel''' (talk) 20:21, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
AK-47 - German link?
The reference to "8" yellow internet press article is way unprofessional. What's next? Armed space aliens? While AK uses Stg-44 sights idea, it's a completely different firearm. Just close the front sights with your hand on the picture and you will see it yourself. The whole article in life.ru is just another "assault pump-action shotgun with evil pistol grip" media stupidity. Zero facts and knowledge. The question mark in the topic should be a big hint to you already that the article is a junk "science." —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:12, 31 January 2009 (UTC)
It was me who added the (8) reference, and I agree that the site itself is not too credible; but this reference applies only to the section where Hugo Schmeisser's contribution is described - which is minimal (cold stamping technique), and the claims that the AK47 is a "rip-off" are opposed. The citation itself comes from a local historian from Izhevsk. It's very likely that he has a first-hand knowledge of the issue, and he doesn't make any far-fetched claims. More than that, he just describes when and where the AK was developed, and when and how Hugo Schmeisser helped with the project. He, as well as the journalist interviewing him, doesn't make any statements in the spirit of the "holy war" about AK originality, and thank God he doesn't. The sections that surround my contribution - they do hint at the "rip-off" issue, but I thought it's conter-productive to just delete them, and left all the paragraph to the editors. AyeBraine (talk) 21:16, 31 May 2009 (UTC)
Infanterie Kurz Patrone etc.
Nowadays, in German you would write words like Infanterie Kurz Patrone in one word: Infanteriekurzpatrone or at least hiphenated: Infanterie-Kurzpatrone. But I don't know how they spelled it back then - are there reliable sources? FAThomssen (talk) 10:22, 25 March 2009 (UTC)
Introduction image / length
An anon has recently decided that it wants a picture of an M-16 and not an AK-47 in the lede. In the process, it removed some cleanup work and tagging in the introduction. This should be reverted; the AK-47 is a more global symbol, as well as being the most common assault rifle design in the world, and obviously the cleanup work should stand. Chris Cunningham (not at work) - talk 09:44, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
* Agreed. The Ak-47 belongs on top since it's the most common in the world with 100 million made versus the M16 with 8 million made.--Sus scrofa (talk) 15:03, 8 May 2009 (UTC)
M14-->M16
is it just me, or does the paragraph which describes the M16's development from the M14 seem a bit storybookish and somewhat untrue, since the M14 and M16 were developed separately? Ansh666 (talk) 05:36, 1 July 2009 (UTC)
Shouldn't they be called Autorifles?
You can assault someone with a semi-auto rifle, so I personally thought of the term "Assault Rifles" as inaccurate and unscientific. I've also heard that the term was created in the 90's to shine bad light on automatic weapons. While that rumor has yet to be verified, I think the term "Assault Rifle" should redirect to this page and the page name should be changed to "Auto-Rifles", since that would make more sense to me. -Manic Tiger —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:53, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
* Well, etymology doesn't determine meaning. For example, a "lesbian" isn't a Greek person from the island of Lesbos. A cursory search on google books shows that the term was in use as early as 1967: and not as a propaganda term either. You might be thinking about the term "assault weapon" which I believe came into prominence in the 90s.--Sus scrofa (talk) 18:27, 11 July 2009 (UTC)
The weapon type that was coined "assault rifle" was the result of a deliberate development concept, and can be clearly defined. As stated, the term "assault rifle" is a straight translation from the German word "Sturmgewehr". This term is still used in German to cover the original definition, as it is in French with "fusil d'assaut" and in Dutch "stormgeweer". A slang word like "autorifle" is too broad, and could cover several arms types other than assault rifles, including selective fire battle rifles, automatic rifles like the Browning BAR, SAW's and light machineguns.--Dutchguy (talk) 07:37, 28 August 2009 (UTC)
* Do not confuse the term "assault rifle" with "assault weapon". The latter was indeed an intentionally sloppy politically motivated term with little or no technical relevance, solely intended to be able to include a maximum of firearm types in the intended ban on firearms in the United States.
Repeted addition of INSAS image
There has been repeated insertion of this image in this article under the 1970s–1990s: Development of features and form factors section, often replacing the high quality image of the FX-05 Xiuhcoatl. These edits are being made by a user(s?) that, at the very least, has an extremely pro India POV. A look at the accounts contributions will show the questionable edits.
At any rate, I don't believe the image of the INSAS needs to be in this already crammed full section. Its not a particularly notable design, compared to the other rifles in this section. — Dan MP5 15:56, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
* I don't think that either the INSAS or the FX-05 needs to be illustrated by an image in this article. Neither are mentioned in the text, and to my no knowledge neither are particularly innovative weapons that need a mention in a general article about assault rifles. Possibly some of the other images in the section can go to.--Sus scrofa (talk) 17:34, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
* I agree with Sus Scrofa. Neither of the two are particularly noteworthy and neither really belong on this page. The FX-05 being a clone of the G36, and the INSAS, an amalgamation of several other legacy designs (FAL, AK). Koalorka (talk) 18:40, 10 September 2009 (UTC)
Another requirement for assault rifles
The article omits one requirement or characteristic which assault rifles must meet.
Assault rifles must be designed for carbine mode firing, i.e. a cartridge must be in the chamber, and the action must be in forward position before the trigger is pulled.
Where this requirement is fulfilled, the assault rifle is qualified for use by snipers as the trigger will cause only minor movements in the gun before the shot is fired. In its forward position, the action will also block the opening where spent shells are ejected and protect the rifle's inside from being soiled and jammed by dirt which might intrude through the opening.
As far as I know, all assault rifles ever designed have exhibited this feature while all older types of submachine or machine guns had their actions in hindmost position in the ready-to-fire mode.
Being unable to cite sources of authority, I have refrained from including this contribution in the article. Will anyone please provide a competent source?
--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:26, 21 February 2010 (UTC)
Soviet Adoption
The caption of the photo of the AK-47 rifle states that it was adopted in 1949. This rifle was actually adopted in 1947, thus its designation; AK-47 means Automat Kalashnikov model of 19<IP_ADDRESS>.209 (talk) 18:00, 1 March 2010 (UTC)
* Thats a mistake, and a very common one. The weapon was adopted in 1949, and -47 was just a (probably unofficial) designation of 1947-built prototype (more or less identical to first serial production model, but still a prototype). The name "AK-47" is undoubtly of Western origin, and was never (!) used it the USSR / Russia untill maybe 1990's when the Hollywood production came en masse. In ANY official military document is was just - AK, without any numbers. Please do not ask me why, cause I don't know. Before the AK, official designations with numbers really were used. The next, "modernised", model was the AKM, again - without numbers, adopted 10 years later in 1959. The AK74 was the first mass produced AK-family weapon to have numbers in the designation. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:54, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
Russian Weapons in "21st Century Developments"
I have stumbled across the pages for the [AEK-971] and [AN-94], and I was rather intrigued by the subject matter. The AEK incorporates a counterweight to control recoil, while the AN uses a, and I quote from the Wikipedia page, "blowback shifted pulse" system. These seem to be relatively interesting examples to the 21st century category, as they represent systems of increasing a soldier's efficiency by reducing or delaying recoil. My question is whether there are other assault rifles like the AEK and AN that attempt to alter recoil? Is such a category worth adding to the 21st Century Developments section? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mercenary90 (talk • contribs) 05:32, 18 March 2010 (UTC)
* Well, from my POV neither the AEK nor the AN can be called anything like "21st Century Developments" at least because both were essentially developed back in the 1970-s... the AN was in development since early 1970 or even late 1960s, and Avtomat Alexandrova - basis for the AEK - was developed even before AK74 was adopted. And concerning the second question, for example the G11 used the same basic principle the AN employes, the difference is that the AN can fire only 2 bullets without substantional recoil, and the G11 - 3 bullets (but it's a prototype weapon never officially adopted, you know, and it had its magazine moving while shooting, what may be unpractical, while the AN has 2 magazines - one (main) does not move while shooting, and the second ("intermediate") moves with recoiling barell-bolt-reciever group). <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:08, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
Addition To Assault Rifle Request
Gentlemen, in our effort to play by the rules and to respect the ongoing work of all the contributors to this section we are formally requesting inclusion to this section "Assault Rifle" under the "External Links" section. We are a non-commercial Press Release organization that works on behalf of most of the leading weapons and equipment manufacturers INCONUS. Essentially when there is new weapons, equipment or gear being released within the industry (MILSPEC and Other) we are contacted to release the information to the general public. It is our desire to be listed as:
Tactical Gear News: The latest tactical gear news covering weapons,training, clothing and tactical equipment.
The site is located at: www.TacticalGearNews.com
Milspecnews (talk)milspecnews —Preceding undated comment added 11:47, 25 August 2010 (UTC).
* 3/4 of the entries on your main page aren't rifle-related at all. Faceless Enemy (talk) 14:06, 25 August 2010 (UTC)
The Red Army
The article states that The AK-47 was first adopted in 1949 by the Soviet Union Red Army. The yeas is correct, but the designation (-47) is not - and also since 1946 the Red Army was renamed and became the Soviet Army. Just look at the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 09:56, 10 October 2010 (UTC)
Caption for AK picture at top of page
is it me, or does this sound rather incorrect: "The AK-47 was first adopted in 1944 by Nazi Germany. It fires the 7.62x39mm M43 round." Now, im guessing that should be changed, yes? HeatedPete 20:54, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
* It's called vandalism, and you are encouraged to take the initiative to revert such changes. —Darxus (talk) 23:09, 13 January 2011 (UTC)
It doesn't have to be select fire.
Civilian M4's/AR-15's are NOT select fire, yet on Wikipedia, in their individual pages (and in the rest of the world), they are called "assault rifles." They are defined by the U.S. Government, and various state governments as assault rifles as well. Please remove the erroneous first sentence that proclaims, incorrectly, that select fire is a requirement to be an assault rifle. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 12:38, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
* Then go fix it if you're so adamant in your belief. Dr. Whooves (talk) 16:03, 4 September 2011 (UTC)
AK-47 ?
In the Russian classification of weapons AK-47 - is a prototype of assault rifle. In Russian, this asault rifle is called "AK". — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:22, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
* The AK-47 name is common in English language sources, so it doesn't matter much what it's named in Russia for the English wikipedia.--Sus scrofa (talk) 20:54, 17 January 2012 (UTC)
Hypotheses on the establishment of a Kalashnikov
The article from Russian Wikipedia states detailed report about AK-47 and STG-44 [|Hypotheses on the establishment of a Kalashnikov in Russian] Maybe it's need to verify and correct historical notes. (added 21:31, 8 March 2012 by User:<IP_ADDRESS>}
Few guns the media and public call assault rifles/weapons are. A semi-automatic 22 can be made to look like a military weapon ( scary but far from an assault gun - heck a single shot 22 can be made scary enough looking to have half of the people in America to faith ). The word assault in the media should be chsnged to "scary". <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:09, 1 August 2012 (UTC)
M16 Assault rifle
The m16 was a great gun — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:13, 23 September 2012 (UTC) This isn't a forum. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Why then Chei-Rigotti?
''Amerigo Cei-Rigotti developed a rifle between 1890 and 1900 with the characteristics of an assault rifle including selective fire rates and a 6.5×52mm Mannlicher-Carcano medium-power cartridge. Issued in 1905, the rifle was tested but did not see service.''
Fedorov Avtomat was "revolutionary" cartridge first. Cartridge - reduced power. Arisaka cartridge for Russian - also reduced power. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 04:16, 25 September 2012 (UTC)covrovetz
Definition vs. Examples
AK-47 and StG44 are used as examples of Assault Rifles. They both fails the definition by not using intermediate-power cartridge and being Battle rifles (same thing really). Where am I confused? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:38, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
* Both the 7.92×33mm Kurz (StG 44) and the 7.62×39mm (AK-47) have intermediate power compared to pistol cartridges (e.g. 9mm P) and rifle cartridges (e.g. 7.92×57mm Mauser). Modern day assault rifles use even smaller cartridges that form their own sub-category of intermediate cartridges (small caliber/high velocity, e.g. 5.56mm Nato) but they are still in the same class of cartridges (about the same effective range, recoil etc.). Trying to find the meaning of words through etymology can be confusing, as in a strict sense the 5.56mm Nato is "intermediate" between the 7.62×39mm and a pistol cartridge, however the sources we use generally do not use this definition so we shouldn't either.--Sus scrofa (talk) 11:29, 5 December 2012 (UTC)
Origin of term, "assault rifle"
I hold that the German term "Sturmgewehr" was mis-translated as "assault rifle", because the German noun Sturm is not associated with storming something in the English sense. Unless it is very modern usage, there is no German verb, "sturmen". The German verb conveying that sense is "angreifen". The German Sturmgewehr is intended to convey a storm of bullets as in the English "a hail of fire." Stan Barnett, Mocksville, NC. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:36, 27 February 2013 (UTC)
* It might be that the word "Sturm" wasn't used to mean "(military) assault" at the time but both Google translate and http://www.leo.org/ (online German dictionary) lists "assault" as one possible translation of "Sturm". Google translate lists "assault" as one possible (but unusual) translation of "Sturm", with "Angriff" and "Überfall" as synonyms to "Sturm" in the sense of the English word "assault". LEO gives one usage of "Sturm" as a verb as "to take so./sth. by assault" which translates to "jmdn./etw. im Sturm erobern". I don't know German grammar, so I don't know if "Sturm" can ever be rendered as "Sturmen", but it seems that (at least nowadays) "Sturm" can mean "assault"/"attack" etc. I do know that during World War I, the Germans used the term "Sturmtruppen" which the Wikipedia article describes as "assault" or "shock troops", so it seems to me that "storm" can be used in the same way in the German and English language. It would help if you can give a source that shows that "Sturm" wasn't used in this sense during World War II.--Sus scrofa (talk) 16:24, 27 February 2013 (UTC)
* Yes stürmen or erstürmen are German verbs. The first can be used in a literal sense. "Es stürmt." refers to the weather, meanig there is a storm going on. Stürmen also signifies to assault in military sense, with a bit of a connotation of success. When the term erstürmen is used it definetly refers to an sucessfull assault. Of course these verbs can also be used outside of their military context, example: "Nach dem Spiel stürmten die Fans das Spielfeld."
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:13, 25 May 2013 (UTC)
Hatnote
I really think the hatnote needs to explicitly say that the thing that is sometimes banned or restricted by gun control laws is an assault weapon, not an assault rifle. Otherwise some of our readers will get even more confused than they are already. That is, if the hatnote just says that assault rifles are not to be confused with assault weapons, and then goes on to say that assault rifles are selective fire military firearms that often are capable of full-automatic fire, then some readers will think that laws that ban or limit assault weapons restrict full-automatic firearms, when, of course, they restrict semi-automatic firearms. Somehow the hatnote should point this out, while still being very brief. Something along the lines of, "For the firearms restricted by some current, proposed, or former laws in the United States, see assault weapon". — Mudwater (Talk) 14:00, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
* My thinking was that to be informative we should prominently say that this is a different term than "assault weapon" because these two terms are very commonly confused, and possibly point out that common confusion. Right now it's not in the hatnote or the lead. I think that the "not to be confused with" wording is very good for accomplishing this / those. Alternatively a mention in the lead would be second best. Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 14:28, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
* Mentioning it in the lead section too sounds like a good idea. But I think it's much better to have a hatnote that states that the firearms restricted by some laws are assault weapons, not assault rifles, rather than just saying that they're not to be confused. I would only half-joking add that it's too late for that -- they're already confused! — Mudwater (Talk) 14:45, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
* I guess I was sort of saying that the common meaning of "not to be confused with" actually means "is often confused with, and they are not the same thing". It also seems a shame to waste that spot on a term which is seldom used much less confused: "assault gun" which is basically a cannon. But a note in the lead would be almost as good. Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 15:59, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
1900-1930 Section Issues
"Chauchat was introduced, a light machine gun and a precursor to the modern assault rifle." In what way was the Chauchat (A recoil operated full power automatic rifle) a predecessor to the assault rifle? It is my opinion that this was added to give this weapon some significance it doesn't have. By the same merit the section about the BAR should be removed, particularly this part. "The American M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) copied the Chauchat concept in a more reliable design but was not introduced or used in any significant numbers before the end of the First World War." As light machine gun predecessors, these weapons do not belong on the assault rifle page. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:30, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
* The Chauchat introduced the concept of a weapon that provided mobile automatic fire, it could be used as a rifle in a pinch (the French named them "machine rifles" and the Americans called them "automatic rifles" not machine guns). The French deployed their Chauchat more as rifles, they deployed assault teams that had an equal mix of Chauchats and rifle grenades. Before the Chauchat, machine guns were semi-static weapons that could not move with the troops. The Chauchat is similar to a assault rifle in many ways (and the French even considered developing an intermediate cartridge to it), the main difference is the use of a "full" power cartridge. It is logically possible for the Chauchat and the BAR to be predecessors to both light machine guns and assault rifle.--Sus scrofa (talk) 19:49, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
I agree with everything you said except for this "introduced the concept of a weapon that provided mobile automatic fire"; that concept had already been introduced by the Federov Avtomat and the italian Cei-Rigotti, and both named weapons fired lower powered rounds (still not quite intermediate). I agree these are predecessors to modern light machine guns, but i think that the Chauchat (along with the BAR) represent France and the United States recognizing and developing that concept for themselves, furthermore they represent part of the parallel evolution of light machine guns, that is to say as early belt- fed weapons were too heavy to be effectively mobile (e.g. Lewis gun) these automatic rifles were developed to fill in the gap, not to be generally issued to all troops (as assault rifles are currently) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:43, 26 May 2013 (UTC)
Define the term burst-capable
This definition is confusing to me:
* An assault rifle is a selective fire (either fully automatic or burst-capable) rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. It should be distinguished from the US legal term assault weapons.
The term burst-capable is undefined. The Encyclopedia Brittanica definition you refer to seems to imply that both automatic and semiautomatic rifles can be considered assault rifles, and that is consistent with dictionary usage and gun publication usage that I've seen. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jonathan.robie (talk • contribs) 22:23, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* Have added text necessary to clear up the confusion among the various technical terms (fully automatic, burst capable, and semi-automatic.) Hope this helps. Miguel Escopeta (talk) 23:12, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
* "Burst mode" might be a better description? Anyway, weapons capable of burst mode fire a set number of rounds per trigger pull when set to burst mode (e.g. three for the M16A4) and I think the Encyclopedia Britannica just counts burst mode as another form of automatic fire. Most assault rifles that have burst modes also have fully automatic modes (rounds are fired as long as the trigger is held down). The US changed their M16s from the trigger group safe-semi-auto to safe-semi-burst (M16A2) after experiences in the Vietnam War, the thinking was that surprised or panicked soldiers would hold down the trigger and empty their magazines prematurely, but IIRC the M16A2/M16A4 are still assault rifles as the burst mode enables the rifle of approximately the same rate of fire as a fully rifle you just have to keep pumping the trigger.--Sus scrofa (talk) 00:26, 9 January 2013 (UTC)
Assault rifle is an outdated term. The only reason it pops up is because the anti gun crowd believes the term will scare people. The military doesn't call any of their rifles assault rifles. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Numkie (talk • contribs) 03:15, 10 October 2013 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Transoral robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer: patient selection and special considerations
Cancer Manag Res. 2018 Apr 20;10:839-846. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S118891. eCollection 2018.
Abstract
The increasing incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) emphasizes the importance of optimizing treatment for the disease. Historical protocol has utilized definitive radiation and invasive open procedures; these techniques expose the patient to significant risks and morbidity. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has emerged as a therapeutic modality with promise. Here, the literature regarding proper patient selection and other considerations for this procedure was reviewed. Multiple patient and tumor-related factors were found to be relevant for successful use of this treatment strategy. Outcomes regarding early and advanced-stage OPSCC were analyzed. Finally, the literature regarding use of TORS in three distinct patient populations, individuals with primary OPSCC, carcinoma of unknown primary and those with recurrent OPSCC, was examined.
Keywords: TORS; carcinoma of unknown primary; oropharyngeal cancer; robotic surgery.
Publication types
• Review
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:George Prodgers
Prodgers vis Prodger
This is moved from the article page:
Prodger vs Prodgers question? Not at all. It is clearly Prodger. George "Goldie" Prodger was the son of George Prodger b 20 May 1865 and Eva Hardman B 17 February 1863. George Prodger sr was the son of John Prodger b 21 Aug 1820. John Prodger was a private soldier in the 23rd Royal Welch Fusiliers - reserve battalion. He came to Canada to do garrison duty and mustered out on or before 1853. John worked for the Grand Trunk Railroad and died 29 May 1901. He had 10 Children, 7 of which survived past infancy. Several of John's children worked for the railroads. In 1901 George sr was living at 703 William street in London Ontario (1901 cennsus records). George sr, Eva and Samuel G Prodger are listed in residence as well as a border named William Prodger. William was my great grandfather.
Here is a link to the 1881 census for the John Prodger household. George sr is at the bottom of the page age 16, http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/e/e329/e008201022.pdf The following page has my great grandfather in same household - age 10. http://data2.collectionscanada.gc.ca/e/e329/e008201023.pdf
The 1891 census shows George married to Eva and Samuel G Prodger 2 months old. http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/databases/census-1891/001081-119.03-e.php?&interval=20&pdf=1&image=30953_148153-00808&person_id_nbr=2021548&&PHPSESSID=296hu6b65n5cr7eptpcg02o6m7
How can Samuel G Prodger b Feb 1891 be George "goldie" Prodgers b February 1892? George "goldie" Prodgers mothers name is listed as Eva living on Oxford street in London Ontario on his attestation papers. Eva and George Prodger sr are together on the 1891 census. It is possible that Samuel G Prodger was a younger brother that died in infancy and George "goldie" was born the next year. Except he is on the 1901 census and is listed as 10 years old. Not only is the surname Prodger with no "s" but he is a year older then the military records show. The 1911 census puts him at 21, born in 1889. The Woodland cemetary in London Ontario shows him as Samuel Prodger (Goldie).
Don't know what to do with this: Alaney2k (talk) 16:55, 3 December 2009 (UTC)
His surname is PRODGER. There is no S. There are census reports, family members etc that attest to this yet still some self-appointed wiki moderator has decided to overrule them all.
here's his page at the London Sports Hall of fame:
http://londonsportshalloffame.com/inductees/goldie-prodger/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:29, 30 July 2015 (UTC)
* Hi <IP_ADDRESS> firstly that link is not a reliable source in fact it is just a copy of this article from probably Dec 2013 (when the way back machine first grabbed a copy here).
* The link above to the 1881 census looks more like Prodges rather than either spelling. and I can't see any Prodger(s) on the second link.
* Your accusation that "yet still some self-appointed wiki moderator has decided to overrule them all" is clearly false as the above section added here by the 'family' member did not change the article that was already with an S. Please also see Civility.
* Doing a Google search it looks like both names were used in papers and reporting of the time. However its easy to see that people could misinterpret Prodgers for Prodger's and thus Prodger (or Vice Versa)
* Images from the time on Cigarette cards has Prodgers
* Image from londonsportshalloffame.com here has Prodgers, but also has another here with Prodger.
* NHL also has Prodgers here
* Library and Archives Canada Attestation pagers signed by Prodgers himself with and S here
* Library and Archives Canada Enlistment Papers signed by Prodgers himself with and S here
* Also note that family names often changed spelling over time in the past so just because relatives now have no S does not mean they didn't back then.
* Assuming these are the correct military papers (and the dates match) then the guys own signature is the best evidence we have.
* Cheers KylieTastic (talk) 15:02, 31 July 2015 (UTC)
1924-25 Game
It's been a while since I've done research on the Tigers, but from what I recall he never did play in a game during this season. I'm fairly certain that I have records of all of the games the Tigers played and nowhere is he listed on the line ups. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 22:38, 11 May 2011 (UTC)
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WIKI
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BRIEF-Orphazyme: 2017 Net Loss Of DKK 126.2 Million
March 15 (Reuters) - Orphazyme A/S: * REG-ORPHAZYME ANNOUNCES ANNUAL REPORT 2017 * NET RESULT FOR 2017 WAS A LOSS OF DKK 126.2 MILLION COMPARED TO DKK 57.9 MILLION IN 2016. * SEES 2018 OPERATING LOSS AT DKK 245 MILLION - 275 MILLION * THE COMPANY DOES NOT EXPECT TO MAKE DIVIDEND PAYMENTS WITHIN THE FORESEEABLE FUTURE Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: (Gdynia Newsroom)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Talk:Vojvodina
Replacement of pagebanner
I think the new banner is describing Vojvodina better because hills aren't the most common thing there. Lakes, ponds or bogs in a nice plain where a small church with it's Austro-Hungarian style is decorating the beautiful sunset here should be considered a symbol of Vojvodina. Please consider replacing the old one with the new. —The preceding comment was added by Jankela121 (talk • contribs)
* This is not an easy decision, but I slightly prefer the alternative. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 13:09, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* I travel a lot in Vojvodina and I can tell you the alternative describes the region a lot better. The only hilly (mountainous) parts of Vojvodina are Vršac and Fruška Gora and together they make only 20% of Vojvodina by area. The sunset on the second one must take your attention and you actually can see the same sunset if you go there! It's not just there as a clickbait. Jankela121 (talk) 13:52, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* Again, make sure you add your signature (username) to the end of your comments, preferably by adding the four tildes ( ~ ). Okay? --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 13:36, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* Ok Jankela121 (talk) 13:52, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* Thank you. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 14:12, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* And yes, I see your point. To me, the proposed banner is not very clear, but again, I overcome that issue to support it overall. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 14:13, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
Thank you for starting a discussion! I prefer the new banner.--ThunderingTyphoons! (talk) 14:19, 17 August 2019 (UTC)
* I don't like the photo quality of the proposed new banner, so I would oppose the substitution for now. It doesn't look like a consensus will agree with me, though. Ikan Kekek (talk) 05:51, 18 August 2019 (UTC)
New banner request
I made a small update on the banner so it has better quality. What do you think? Jankela121 (talk) 10:25, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
* Is changing the color that much really justifiable? Ikan Kekek (talk) 21:09, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
* To me, this one looks a little clearer than the one earlier on the page. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 21:48, 19 August 2019 (UTC)
* Ok I'm really starting to think that you aren't serious with me anymore. I made mistakes in the beginning, but I ain't an idiot either. What are these talks even for if the ideas won't be considered and analyzed? Anyways, you should have noticed that it's not the color that I changed, but the quality of it. The second one is clearer and I don't get it. Why isn't it changed already? I can change it, but I have to consult with you guys first. I don't want to cause chaos after all. Jankela121 (talk) 11:20, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
* We are absolutely serious, and we are considering your ideas - that's why we're having this conversation. Please don't get frustrated; things take time around here, especially during summer. We're all volunteers, after all.--ThunderingTyphoons! (talk) 12:49, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
* I'll fix my impatience. Jankela121 (talk) 08:15, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
* Consensus is often slow to achieve, but it’s how wikis work. All of us are impatient with the process and its (lack of) results at times, yet we choose to work on this wiki, nevertheless. That said, the changes you made were quite major to my eyes, and I would like you to address the question of which version more closely resembled what you saw (you took the photo, right?), before I make a decision about which banner I prefer. And if I say I still prefer the current banner, that doesn’t mean I don’t take you seriously. Your effort and positive intent are clear. Ikan Kekek (talk) 17:25, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
* Yes, I took the photo. Like I already said, hills aren't common in Vojvodina, but the scenery that is seen on the photo is - Ponds with the churches on the coast of it with some picnic points, lots of plain area... Not just that, but this photo does have more detail than the old banner (the updated one). Jankela121 (talk) 16:18, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
* I say we should vote for Jankela's banner, but I would like us to agree with Jankela that if we discover any sort of copyright violation, there will be a user block (of either a limited or indefinite duration) as s/he would have been lying on the issue. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 20:53, 26 August 2019 (UTC)
* I already deleted all of my copyright violating photos. The rest is either mine or other's photos that are clearly labelled as "Commercial Use Allowed". I agree with this condition. Jankela121 (talk) 18:05, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
OK. Good. --Comment by Selfie City ( talk | contributions ) 20:07, 27 August 2019 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Khrushchev believed that communism in the USSR could be reformed and modernized and made more efficient. How far had this been achieved by 1970?
Published: March 20, 2017
Khrushchev had tried to reform communism and in this regard aimed at de-Stalinizing the society. Some of the reforms that he brought which were successful were:
- Industrial policies- Although the concept of Five Year Plans for industries was continued, the focus was shifted to light industries producing consumer goods. The target was to increase the standard of living of the people. In order to bring in efficiency, Regional Economic Councils were set up to make decisions and manage local industries. This led to an improvement in the standard of living as minimum wages were also increased and a tax cut was announced on low wages. A vast housing programme was put in place in 1958. The development was so rapid that Khrushchev himself boasted of the gap between US and USSR would be done away with in few years. During his regime, the manned orbiting of the earth by Uri Gagrin took place which gained fame both at home and abroad.
- Agricultural policies-Khrushchev was also successful in reforming the agricultural policies. The collectivization method of Stalin’s time did not serve any purpose. So the main aim of Khrushchev was to increase the agricultural production by any means. His scheme became so effective that by 1958 there was a dramatic increase in farm output.
- Political, social and cultural changes- Khrushchev was also successful in reducing certain previous atrocities like secret executions, rehabilitation of people in the labour camps etc. Many people came above the poverty line.
But Khrushchev’s efforts also suffered from certain limitations because of which communism could not be modernized or reformed completely. Some problems that arose during his time were:
- Although progressive in the first go, the industrial progress began to deteriorate. The economic growth began to slow down due to the inefficiency of Regional Councils and investment also was insufficient.
- By 1963, agricultural policy also started to fail due to the sudden decrease in production. It was observed that too much was allotted for development of agriculture to the detriment of industry. Grain imports from USA and Australia became rampant which led to Khrushchev’s downfall in 1964.
- Some untoward incidents occurred at around 1962 in the name of protecting communism. The strike by workers was answered heavily through firing and casualties. Religious meetings were banned which made it difficult for Christians to carry out their meetings.
- Khrushchev shifted from Marxist Leninist ideas of communism and this exposed him to a lot of criticisms from China where too the Communist Party was flourishing. Further, his failure to maintain a peaceful coexistence while promoting communism also received a setback with the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962.
Thus, it can be said that though Khrushchev aimed at modernizing and reforming communism in USSR, it failed in the later years of 1970s both due to failed schemes and reluctance of the existing ruling elites to adopt to change.
Model Questions Category: 013 - Cold War and Other Major Events of 20th Century
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FINEWEB-EDU
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Esther Wheelwright
Esther Wheelwright (31 March 1696 – 28 November 1780 ), also known as Mère Marie-Joseph de l'Enfant-Jésus, was born in Wells, Massachusetts (present day Maine). Wheelwright was captured during an attack of her village during Queen Anne's War in 1703 by a group of French-Canadians and Wabanaki Indians, or First Nations Peoples. For five years, Wheelwright was raised by the French-allied Catholic Wabanaki, and then was brought to Québec where she was placed in the school of the Ursulines of Québec. She remained there the rest of her life, becoming a choir nun and eventually the Mother Superior of the convent in the immediate aftermath of the 1759 British conquest of Québec. She is notable not only for having lived in three major North American cultures, but also because she was and remains the only foreign-born Mother Superior the Ursulines of Québec have ever elected.
Early life
Esther Wheelwright was born in 1696, the fourth of eleven children, to John Wheelwright and Mary Snell. John Wheelwright served as a tavern keeper and justice of the peace of the province. He built a garrison and was licensed to "keep a house of public entertainment", where they served alcoholic beverages. It became a common stopover for influential men (governors, judges, ministers, generals, lords) as well as common travelers and traders.
Esther's was a deeply religious Puritan family where Sabbath rules were strictly followed. Esther's father led the family service on Saturday night. On Sunday, the family walked in a procession to the meetinghouse for a full day service. The Wheelwright household at the turn of the eighteenth century included the Wheelwright parents and their children, as well as Anglo-American indentured servants and at least a few enslaved African Americans. Esther's grandfather Samuel Wheelwright owned slaves in the 1690s, and both her father and mother continued to enslave African Americans in the 1740s and 1750s, which they bequeathed to free family members. Slavery was common in New England even in rural places like southern Maine, and it could be just as abusive as life in slave labor camps in the southern Anglo-American colonies. The murder of Rachel, an enslaved woman in Kittery, illustrates the isolation and brutality of New England slavery.
Puritan girls were taught to never be idle, thus even at the age of seven Esther would have been expected to help with the daily routines of cooking for the family and guests at the inn and keeping safe her younger siblings. Because she was growing up in a tavern on the borderlands of Anglo-American colonial invasion, the world came through the Wheelwright garrison. She was probably familiar with the Wabanaki because they sold beaver, otter, and bear skins to English traders like her father, in exchange for cloth and other imported goods. But despite the casual trade between the Wabanaki and English traders, there existed mutual animosity and distrust.
Capture by the Wabanaki
During the late summer and early fall of 1702 there was talk of an imminent attack by the Indians and French. By the spring of 1703, French and Indian forces were stationed along the borderlands preparing for their attack. On 21 August 21, 1703 the two-day attack ensued. The Wheelwrights′ status, and John Wheelwright's involvement as militia captain, meant that they were one of the prime targets. The attack covered an area of over fifty miles. People who escaped capture were killed, buildings were torched and homes were looted. The only Wheelwright among the seven kidnapped was Esther, who was taken captive by the Wabanaki.
Because of her age and sex, Esther was probably adopted into a Wabanaki family, and was expected to assume the personality, duties, and role of a Wabanaki daughter. As her adoptive family taught her how to live as a Wabanaki girl and to pray as a Catholic, it is possible that they "became attached to this child with an extraordinary affection". After only a few months with the Wabanaki, Esther had probably shed so much of her former identity that she would have barely been recognized by her English family. While there is no direct evidence that Esther was renamed following her conversion to Catholicism, there is evidence that many Catholic Wabanaki women who were baptized were named Catherine or Marie. It is possible that Esther was renamed "Mali," pronounced as "Molly" in English, which is a Wabanaki corruption of the name "Marie."
At the time of Esther's capture, food was scarce among the Wabanaki, as constant warfare with the English had greatly disrupted the flow of agricultural harvest in the area. Malnutrition and disease were widespread, especially among children. Scurvy was particularly common among the Wabanaki, carrying off a number of women and children. Due to the poor health of most Wabanaki at the time, it is likely Esther would have suffered a number of deficiencies during her captivity.
]Jacques and Vincent Bigot, brothers and Jesuit priests, were active missionaries in Acadia and Quebec from the 1680s through the 1710s. They were probably some of the first French priests she met, and they were instrumental in her eventual move to Québec because of their long history of bringing Wabanaki girls to the Ursuline convent school.
Life at the Chateâu St. Louis
Esther's birth family eventually learned about her faith and, using their ties through the government of Massachusetts, petitioned the General Governor of New France, Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil, to get her back. Vaudreuil had the clear order from Versailles: "You have nothing so important in the present state of affairs as the maintenance of peace with the Iroquois and other Indian nations." Wartime conditions meant that it was difficult to act on Esther's return to Wells. Vaudreuil himself was denouncing the "deplorable state" of New France's economy to his superiors and had to carefully plan his moves. In order to negotiate a better deal with New England, Vaudreuil started to spread the idea that the young girl was the daughter of an important English man. Esther, in these conditions, found herself sheltered at his own residence, the Chateau St. Louis, in Québec City.
For a year, Esther was immersed in the French aristocracy. Vaudreuil's wife, Louise-Élisabeth de Joybert, took her under her wing. Although he must have known that she was not from a very important family, he called her "the daughter of a governor of a small place", inflating her family's status by calling her father a "governor," a title which in New France was reserved for ennobled men only. Upon her arrival, she would have been 'degreased' and dressed up à la française. Her new household was served by indigenous slaves, although Vaudreuil had never admitted this to his superiors. Esther had known life as a Puritan, then as a Wabanaki, and now she experienced a taste of life as a French aristocrat in New France.
Of the various societies and environments Esther lived in, the transition from living among the Wabanaki and life with the Vaudreuil family in the Chateau St. Louis was the most stark. Esther, who had previously been accustomed to living in intimate close quarters with her adopted Wabanaki family, would have found the Chateau St. Louis to be large and luxurious in comparison. She would likely have been introduced to imported luxuries such as chinaware, and attended events such as lavish balls and banquets.
However, her time at the Chateau St. Louis was brief. By January 1709, she was enrolled as a boarding student at the Ursuline boarding school.
Beginning with the Ursulines
On 18 January 1709 Esther was enrolled as a boarding student in the Ursuline boarding school. She proved to be a good student, excelling in music, languages, grammar and embroidery. She deepened her interest in Catholicism, especially its mysticism component. After being with the Ursulines for 18 months as a pupil, she asked to become a nun. Father Bigot, who had spent some time with the girl previously, sponsored her entry and used his influence to get her accepted by the Ursulines. He was particularly attached to the young girl, convinced of his own triumph at turning a Puritan girl into a devoted Catholic. However, Vaudreuil who had promised her return to her family, intervened and took her back to his residence the following fall with the intention of fulfilling his promise. Convinced of her future vocation as a nun, Esther was reluctant to return to her Puritan origins. Fortunately for her, the plan did not work out and, in June 1711, she was sent to the Hôtel-Dieu, where she spent several months. The place was sheltering other English captives, among whom she met two of her own cousins, Mary Silver and Esther Sayward. Although Esther was eventually sent to Trois-Rivières, where the Ursulines were looking forward to having her, the young girl decided she rather preferred to be placed with the Ursulines of Québec City.
Life as an Ursuline nun
In 1712, Mother Superior Le Marie des Anges created a contract for 18-year-old Esther's entry to the convent. Esther then began a three-month postulancy, during which she abided by the disciplined monastic schedule but did not don the religious habit. Her connections with Father Bigot and the Marquis de Vaudreuil allowed Esther to have an impressive career as an Ursuline nun. Most women of modest backgrounds like Esther who were joining the Ursulines were only permitted to become lay nuns, meaning they were relegated to the back of the procession and were forbidden to sing in church. Esther, however, was allowed to become a choir nun despite not being able to afford the full dowry.
In January 1713, Wheelwright was given her veil and habit and became a novice as Sister Esther Marie Joseph de l'Enfant Jésus. Father Bigot paid for her marriage gown, normally the responsibility of the novice's parents, and delivered the sermon at the ceremony. His story of her life emphasized Catholic and French resilience in the face of grim English Protestantism. As the great-granddaughter of a Protestant minister, who was raised by the Wabanaki then converted to Catholicism and embraced French culture, Esther's story was a symbol of the future of French superiority in the New World.
For one year as a novice, Esther was trained for monastic life by observing a strict routine and following the Rules of the Quebec Ursulines. She performed daily activities in obedience to superiors and learned to sacrifice all luxuries. During her time as a novice, the Wheelwrights frequently wrote to Esther asking her to return. The letters did have an effect on Esther and she later admitted that they caused her "infinite trouble", but she remained committed to her religious life.
After the Treaty of Utrecht was signed on 11 April 11, 1713, Esther was at risk of being reclaimed by English officers. On 16 February 1714, English commissioners met with the Marquise de Vaudreuil demanding proof that all captives who remained in New France were there by their own will. In the face of these threats, the Ursulines were forced to expedite Esther's novice training period so that she could take her vows as soon as possible. On 12 April 1714, Esther took her final vows as an Ursuline sister.
As an Ursuline nun, Sister Esther Marie-Joseph Wheelwright de l'Enfant Jésus had no contact with her family, and over time lost her connections with most people from her previous life. Those who had been instrumental in her joining the Ursulines, including the Marquise de Vaudreuil and Father Bigot, died in the succeeding years. In 1724, the Wabanaki were attacked by an English force led by a friend of the Wheelwrights, Captain Johnson Harmon, and many of the people with whom Esther grew up were killed.
Life inside the Ursuline Convent remained shuttered from the outside world, however some practices that were routinely practiced by Ursuline nuns during this period included self-mortification, which included flagellation. While Ursuline nuns committed themselves voluntarily to acts of penance and mortification, it is possible Esther may have engaged in these acts of piety.
As Esther moved up in the convent hierarchy, she took on more responsibilities. She progressed from class mistress, to principal of the boarding school, and mistress of the novices. In 1726 she became a religieuse vocale which meant she could vote in the assembly and became "Mother Marie-Joseph de l'Enfant Jésus". In 1747 Esther received correspondence from her mother stating that her father had died. In his will he left money for Esther and instructions for her brothers to take care of her should she ever return to Wells, indicating her parents' enduring hope for her return, even after many decades of religious commitment. After her parents' deaths, Esther's brothers maintained correspondence with their sister in Quebec, acknowledging the benefits that might come with having a contact in New France.
In 1759, English forces attacked New France in the Battle of Quebec. The nuns were evacuated from the convent and Esther was sent to the Hôpital Général as a nurse. General Louis-Joseph de Montcalm's army was overwhelmed by the English army, and Montcalm died on 14 September 1759. He was buried in the convent's chapel.
Mother Superior and later life
During the war, Wheelwright had been assistant superior as the Ursulines nursed both French and British soldiers in the convent. On 15 December 1760 she was appointed Mother Superior of the Quebec Ursuline order. In part due to her respected personality, this was also a strategic move by the Order, as her English and Protestant heritage was crucial to maintaining the Ursulines' position and independence under British rule.
Esther's background facilitated contact with the British and made the Ursulines seem less threatening. The convent was a popular target of criticism, representing France, Catholicism, and women in power, and the Ursulines feared that the British might close the convent. Nevertheless, it had frequent contact with and visits from the community. The Mother Superior's threefold British, French and Indigenous ties made her a strong political symbol, and it was in the interest of the English to claim her as one of their own.
As Mother Superior, Esther functioned as a diplomat, maintaining good relations with the British Governors of Québec, Amherst and Murray, as well as with France. During the negotiations for the Québec Act of 1774, her diplomacy with Governor Guy Carleton proved influential. The convent was central to the City of Québec, both in location and in relation to the British. Right after the defeat of Québec in 1759, General Murray established both a British military hospital and Québec's first Anglican church in the convent.
Esther furthermore established close ties to Frances Moore Brooke, as her husband John Brooke was appointed chaplain of the Québec garrison by Murray, in charge of ministering to sick soldiers and conducting church services at the convent. Descriptions of both Esther and the Québec Ursuline convent are present in The History of Emily Montague, the first novel written in Canada.
The Ursulines being in great debt, Wheelwright established much-needed financial stability for the Order, primarily by encouraging the nuns to pursue Amerindian embroidery, using Native materials of birch bark, deer skin, and moose and porcupine hair to create images of saints. Despite being an arduous task, the moose hair requiring constant rethreading, this art became a commercial success, and many embroideries were sold to English soldiers and tourists. The Ursulines' economic self-sufficiency helped provide for their community services to French and Native inhabitants, and contributed to their independence from reform-minded bishops. In the latter half of the 18th century, the Ursuline school increasingly hosted British students, among them the Brookes' daughters.
The convent was marked by internal turmoil during Esther's final term as Mother Superior, due to a lack of new recruits, British opposition to the convent, and an increase in Catholic women converting to Anglicanism to marry. The remaining nuns were increasingly critical of Esther and the state of the school. The Ancien Régime was in its decline and they endured yet another military conflict in The Battle of Quebec and the ensuing siege. In 1772 Esther became assistant superior, and from 1778 until her death she served as an overseer and advisor.
Esther Wheelwright died in Québec City on 28 November 1780 at the age of 84, without suffering illness.
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WIKI
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lab 103 - python content assist
NAME
lab 103 - python content assist
NOTES
Building on lab 102 I've started to write an acme client for python content-assist in python. I read the code for python's IDLE editor and pulled some pieces out of that to help with my implementation. The AutoComplete.py and CallTip.py modules are copied out of idlelib and reduced to just the functions I needed.
Just as in lab 102 the acme client is implemented using pyxp to connect to the acme file system.
In an acme editor window execute PyAssist. Start typing some python. After typing a dot the client will display available attributes for the module. Continue typing and it will reduce the list to those names with a matching prefix. Press the Tab key to complete a name or prefix depending on whether there is one or more names.
109528114135-Acme-SAC
After typing an open parenthesis the client will show the call tip for the function.
109528114325-Acme-SAC
The client implements an Import command so that more python modules can be added to the namespace. PyAssist doesn't attempt to parse the edited script. Idlelib includes code that could help to do this. But for now you need to pass a module name as argument to the Import command.
A next step for python integration to acme is to implement a debugger. Python comes with libraries for this too, so a debugger similar to the acme debugger adeb should be a future lab. I might then run edited scripts in a sub shell and inspect that process' namespace similar to the IDLE implementation, so that content-assist adapts to the script being edited.
FILES
inferno-lab/103
Comments
Unknown said…
How did you run python inside inferno? I tried running 8c.exe inside inferno but that would not even run.
I'm trying to figure out how to run programs written in other languages inside inferno. Is that even possible?
caerwyn said…
Python is run outside of inferno using the os(1) command so it appears that it is running inside. E.g. the contents of a python inferno shell script might be the following:
#!/dis/sh
os -T python $*
The PyAssist code connects to inferno using the 9p protocol and the pyxp.py library so it can read the acme(4) file system. But all that python code is running outside inferno.
Unknown said…
Thanks! That's what I was missing in trying to figure this out.
I'm fairly sure I can figure the rest of it out. It was just stuck in my mind that I had to compile C code to dis VM in order to run it inside inferno.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Oil Rises From Three-Month Low as Supplies of Cushing Crude, Gasoline Drop
Oil rose from a three-month low in
New York after an industry-funded report showed U.S. gasoline
stockpiles dropped and crude inventories at Cushing declined the
most since June in the world’s biggest consumer of the fuel. Futures gained as much as 1.1 percent today. Gasoline
supplies last week fell 676,000 barrels, the American Petroleum
Institute said. An Energy Department report today will show they
increased 950,000 barrels, according to a Bloomberg News survey.
Crude inventories at Cushing, Oklahoma , the delivery point for
the benchmark West Texas Intermediate grade, slid 1.5 million
barrels, the API said. “The API data set quite a bullish platform,” said Serene Lim, an energy and commodity strategist at Australia & New
Zealand Banking Group Ltd. in Singapore . “It’s going to be a
light day on the data front. We’ll just be watching out for the
Energy Department inventory.” Crude for June delivery rose as much as $1.09 to $98 a
barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile
Exchange , and was at $97.70 at 1:52 p.m. Singapore time. The
contract yesterday lost 46 cents, or 0.5 percent, to $96.91, the
lowest since Feb. 22. Prices are up 41 percent the past year. Brent oil for July settlement climbed 61 cents, or 0.6
percent, to $110.60 a barrel on the London-based ICE Futures
Europe exchange. The contract yesterday declined 85 cents, or
0.8 percent, to $109.99. Brent Premium The European benchmark traded at a premium of $12.86 a
barrel to U.S. futures, compared with $13.08 yesterday. The
difference between front-month contracts in London and New York
surged to a record $19.54 on Feb. 21 as unrest spread in the
Middle East and North Africa and stockpiles climbed at Cushing.
The spread averaged 76 cents last year. Gasoline stockpiles in the U.S. fell to 208.8 million
barrels, according to the API report. The decline in crude
inventories at Cushing was the biggest since the week ended June
25. Supplies of distillate fuel, a category that includes
heating oil and diesel, fell 2.8 million barrels. Total U.S. crude stockpiles increased 2.67 million barrels
to 369.9 million, the API report showed. The Energy Department
report may show they climbed 1.7 million barrels, according to a
Bloomberg News survey of analysts. The API collects information on a voluntary basis from
operators of refineries, bulk terminals and pipelines. The
government requires that reports be filed with the Energy
Department for its weekly survey. Oil-supply totals from the API
and the department have moved in the same direction 75 percent
of the time over the past four years. Libya Defection Unrest in the Middle East, coupled with the impact from
Japan ’s worst nuclear crisis, will have a “significant” effect
on long-term energy prices, Ray Eyles, chief executive officer
of JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s commodities business in Asia , said in
an interview in Singapore. Libya’s top oil official, Shokri Ghanem , defected from the
regime of Muammar Qaddafi , a spokesman for the rebel group at
war with the country’s leader said yesterday. Brent has climbed 17 percent this year as unrest in the
Middle East and North Africa toppled leaders in Tunisia and
Egypt and spread to Libya, Algeria, Bahrain, Iran , Syria, Oman
and Yemen. Syrian protesters kept up demonstrations following
reports of the discovery of a mass grave containing the bodies
of anti-government activists. Crude in New York fell yesterday after reports showed U.S.
housing starts dropped and industrial output stalled in April,
stoking speculation fuel demand will falter. Mississippi River Mississippi River water pouring through 15 gates on
Louisiana ’s Morganza floodway has greatly reduced the risk of
flooding to oil refineries that account for about 14 percent of
U.S. capacity. The diversion means the Mississippi has crested at about 17
feet in New Orleans, 2.5 feet below the forecast, and is
expected to top out at 45 feet in Baton Rouge, below a record
47.5 that was expected by May 22, according to the U.S. Lower
Mississippi River Forecast Center’s website. Oil options volatility rose. Implied volatility for at-the-
money options expiring in July, a measure of expected price
swings in futures and a gauge of options prices, was 36.6
percent as of 2 p.m. in New York, up from 35.8 percent
yesterday. Options on oil for June delivery expired yesterday. The
most-active contract for July was the $70 put, which gives
investors the right to sell crude oil for delivery that month at
$70 a barrel. To contact the reporter on this story:
Ben Sharples in Melbourne at
bsharples@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Alexander Kwiatkowski at
akwiatkowsk2@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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How to consume mushrooms
How to consume mushrooms
The gírgolas (Pleurotus, from the Greek pleura, which means “side,” and otos, “ear”), very common in Europe and North America, grow in compact groups that resemble an oyster farm. Due to its firm flesh and sweet taste reminiscent of the aroma of wild mushrooms, the gírgola is a superb companion to meat and poultry. The common gargoyle and its southern French cousin, the thistle mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii), called the English king oystermen, is among the mushrooms with the highest anticancer activity on isolated tumour cells.
The medicinal properties of the girgola
Anticancer drugs
This mushroom has anticancer agents. It is also an antioxidant and has vitamins A, E, C, and selenium.
Viral infection
It stimulates the production of interferon in the body and has antiviral effects.
Lower cholesterol
This is possible thanks to the Eridani and the fibre of the fungus that contains chitin.
Low blood pressure
Prevent thrombosis
Researchers in Bangkok and Hawaii have experimentally shown that shiitake mushrooms can prevent coronary thrombosis.
Low blood sugar levels
The low content of carbohydrates and lysine prevents the formation of sugar in the blood.
Eritademinine
Extracted in 1971, it lowered the cholesterol level in the human body and has also been subjected to animal experiments with satisfactory results. The experiments showed that after eating Gírgolas, the cholesterol levels were reduced between 5% and 10%.
Interferon
This is a chemical that makes cells immune to viral infections. Tsunoda & Ishida discovered in 1970 that mushrooms contain an inducer of interferon-gamma, which is used to treat cancer and as an antiviral and anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of hepatitis B and C.
Prostaglandin formation
The linoleic acid present in mushrooms is converted into different types of prostaglandins in the body. These are extracted from semen, and I know some people think they are excreted through the prostate, but now it is known that many tissues in the body produce them. Prostaglandin E1 is used to induce erections in men by intramuscular injection. Lentivirus increases T-cell production and has been shown to stimulate prostaglandin E1 production.
Antioxidants
Research in Hungary shows that superoxide dismutase, an enzyme in shiitake mushrooms, can reduce lipid peroxidation. This is an important factor in preventing disease, especially coronary artery cancer, and is one of the theoretical reasons for longevity.
Zinc
Finnish research shows that the addition of zinc will increase plasma testosterone levels and sperm count. When zinc is added to dialysate, male dialysis patients with urethral problems have also improved their sex lives. Zinc is present in these mushrooms.
Varieties of edible mushrooms
Wild mushroom
This type of mushroom is best known and was first consumed in Europe when it began to be made in France in the seventeenth century. It has a white or grayish colour, and its size can vary between 3 and 12 centimetres. Black foil mushrooms should not be harvested, as they can cause digestion problems.
It is much more palatable than he cultivates to the point that the chef Abraham García affirms with a sense of humour that comparing them is like comparing a scooter with a Ferrari.
Boletus
The boletus (Boletus edulis) also receives boleto, mushroom, white mushroom, pambazo mushroom, or pumpkin mushroom in our country. It is highly appreciated from a gastronomic point of view to the point of being considered the “king mushroom.” It has a somewhat sweet taste, a fresh flour aroma and a characteristic brown colour. Although in its initial stage, the tone is whitish or greyish.
It is the mushroom with the highest ergothioneine content. In addition, it has abundant beta-glucans. In addition, it has a high content of selenium.
Níscalo
The chanterelle is abundant in Spain and is highly appreciated in Catalonia, where it takes the name of robellón. It is orange-red, with darker concentric bands and green hues at the bottom. It can be up to 15 centimetres in diameter. Its flavour is reminiscent of dried apricots, and its texture is very characteristic.
It has antimicrobial properties and a high content of flavonoids.
Black truffle
It has a rough texture and is black or dark brown. It stands out for its culinary value, to the point that it has come to be called the black diamond. Its exquisiteness and price are due, in part, to the difficulty of collecting it as it is an underground mushroom. It usually grows on the roots of oaks, hazelnuts and other trees.
St George’s mushroom
Also, know as a perrechico. They are white, with a splendid fleshy hat thicker in the center and with plates that present a great consistency. Special attention should be paid to collect them since this mushroom is easily confused with the amanitas, which are toxic and poisonous.
Here we have mentioned the most well-known mushrooms in our environment, but we could dedicate another article to other more exotic ones with proven therapeutic properties. Among them, we can mention reishi, shiitake, cordyceps, maitake, etc.
Nor should we forget the spring mushrooms of which we have only stopped at the Saint George mushroom. But the morel, the Marzullo, the senderuela are also included in this list.
Harvest
Although we have seen that mushrooms are a fantastic food due to all their properties and benefits, the truth is that you have to be very careful when collecting them.
As you know, mushroom picking is a tradition in Spain. However, the person who collects them must have high knowledge of mycology since some varieties cause poisoning, causing serious damage ranging from gastrointestinal upset to death.
How to consume mushrooms
The fresher they are, the better to avoid increasing their toxicity and causing gastrointestinal disorders. Nor should they be eaten too dry.
It is known that medium and small specimens tend to have a finer flavour.
Before making a mushroom-based dish, we must clean them properly. Keep in mind that this food grows on the ground to arrive with traces of dirt.
Remove the soil with water. If necessary, use a brush to make cleaning more efficient. Once you have washed them, dry them with a dry cloth.
It is not recommended to leave them to soak for a while since the mushrooms could adopt a not very consistent texture.
Mushrooms have traditionally been associated with hunting on the table as the two exquisite products of autumn. However, there are different ways of eating mushrooms: in salads, sautéed with olive oil, as cream, with rice, along with a stew … We can even pass them through a pan just like we would with meat to make a delicious hamburger.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Velyki Ozera
Velyki Ozera (Великі Озера; Jeziory) is a village in the Polesia region of Ukraine. Jeziory is located in the Rivne Oblast in Sarny Raion, but was formerly administered within Dubrovytsia Raion. It lies on the banks of the Lwa River. Until 1945, it was located in Poland, within the Polesie Voivodeship of Powiat Piński.
On September 18, 1939, upon the Soviet invasion of Poland, the playwright Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz committed suicide while staying in the village. He was buried in the village's cemetery.
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WIKI
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2012 SK Brann season
The 2012 season was Brann's 26th consecutive year in Tippeligaen, It was Rune Skarsfjord's second full season as the club's manager. Brann competed in the Tippeligaen, finishing 6th, and the 2012 Norwegian Football Cup where they were knocked out by eventual winners IL Hødd at the semi-final stage.
Winter
In:
Out:
Summer
In:
Out:
Appearances and goals
* colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Brann no longer at the club:
* colspan="14"|Players who appeared for Brann no longer at the club:
* }
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WIKI
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simulékony
Adjective
* 1) easy, pliable, smooth, flexible, accommodating adapting/adjusting easily and quickly to the customs of its environment
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WIKI
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