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超A&G+の新しい番組表（2015/04現在）をスクレイピングする
4月の番組改変に合わせて番組表が新しいやつになっていて悲鳴あげながら直しました。 前の番組表は1つの曜日が1つのtableにマッピングされていて楽だったのですが、 新しいやつは
• 全曜日で1テーブル
• 行(tr)は曜日ではなく時刻ごと。その中に全曜日の番組tdで入っている
• rowspanで行の結合があるため、それを考慮した2次元配列を作っておかないと曜日の判定がずれる
となかなか凶悪な仕様になっております。
自分が作っているラジオ録画ソフトではこんな感じで対応した。
こんかいの対応にかかったコーディング時間は2時間ほど。 こういうのは反射神経が重要なので、新しいやつが出たときにババっと書き捨てられる力をつけていきたいものです。
require 'net/http'
require 'time'
require 'chronic'
require 'pp'
require 'moji'
module Ag
class Program < Struct.new(:start_time, :minutes, :title)
end
class ProgramTime < Struct.new(:wday, :time)
SAME_DAY_LINE_HOUR = 5
# convert human friendly time to computer friendly time
def self.parse(wday, time_str)
time = Time.parse(time_str)
if time.hour < SAME_DAY_LINE_HOUR
wday = (wday + 1) % 7
end
self.new(wday, time)
end
def next_on_air
time = chronic(wday_for_chronic_include_today(self[:wday]))
if time > Time.now
return time
else
chronic(wday_to_s(self[:wday]))
end
end
def chronic(day_str)
Chronic.parse(
"#{day_str} #{self[:time].strftime("%H:%M")}",
context: :future,
ambiguous_time_range: :none,
hours24: true,
guess: :begin
)
end
def wday_for_chronic_include_today(wday)
if Time.now.wday == wday
return 'today'
end
wday_to_s(wday)
end
def wday_to_s(wday)
%w(Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday)[wday]
end
end
class Scraping
def main
programs = scraping_page
programs = validate_programs(programs)
programs
end
def validate_programs(programs)
if programs.size < 20
puts "Error: Number of programs is too few!"
exit
end
programs.delete_if do |program|
program.title == '放送休止'
end
end
def scraping_page
html = Net::HTTP.get(URI.parse('http://www.agqr.jp/timetable/streaming.php'))
dom = Nokogiri::HTML.parse(html)
trs = dom.css('.timetb-ag tbody tr') # may be 30minutes belt
two_dim_array = table_to_two_dim_array(trs)
two_dim_array.inject([]) do |programs, belt|
programs + parse_belt_dom(belt)
end
end
def parse_belt_dom(belt)
belt.each_with_index.inject([]) do |programs, (td, index)|
next programs unless td
wday = (index + 1) % 7 # monday start
programs << parse_td_dom(td, wday)
end
end
def table_to_two_dim_array(trs)
aa = []
span = {}
trs.each_with_index do |tr, row_n|
a = []
col_n = 0
tr.css('td').each do |td|
while span[[row_n, col_n]]
a.push(nil)
col_n += 1
end
a.push(td)
cspan = 1
if td['colspan'] =~ /(\d+)/
cspan = $1.to_i
end
rspan = 1
if td['rowspan'] =~ /(\d+)/
rspan = $1.to_i
end
(row_n...(row_n + rspan)).each do |r|
(col_n...(col_n + cspan)).each do |c|
span[[r, c]] = true
end
end
col_n += 1
end
aa.push(a)
end
aa
end
def determine_wday(index, padded)
wday = index - 1 % 7 # monday start
end
def padded?(td)
end
def parse_td_dom(td, wday)
start_time = parse_start_time(td, wday)
minutes = parse_minutes(td)
title = parse_title(td)
Program.new(start_time, minutes, title)
end
def parse_minutes(td)
rowspan = td.attribute('rowspan')
if !rowspan || rowspan.value.blank?
30
else
td.attribute('rowspan').value.to_i * 30
end
end
def parse_start_time(td, wday)
ProgramTime.parse(wday, td.css('.time')[0].text)
end
def parse_title(td)
[td.css('.title-p')[0].text, td.css('.rp')[0].text].select do |text|
!text.gsub(/\s/, '').empty?
end.map do |text|
Moji.normalize_zen_han(text).strip
end.join(' ')
end
end
end
元コード
https://github.com/yayugu/net-radio-archive/blob/67990ee0cbb7b5ff3bdc89465643a9d936c42d12/lib/ag/scraping.rb
悲しみのdiff
Follow the A&G+ new timetable!!!!!!!!!!!!!! · yayugu/net-radio-archive@67990ee · GitHub
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Bill Johnson (blues musician)
Bill Johnson (born in Halifax, Nova Scotia) is a Canadian blues guitarist, singer-songwriter and music educator. After a long career as a sideman and guitarist in the 1990s, he began touring with The Bill Johnson Band. They released their second album, Live, in 2006, which led to Johnson being nominated for Best Guitarist at the Maple Blues Awards. He self-released his third solo album, Still Blue, in 2010, which was nominated for Blues Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2012. Johnson continues to tour and has hosted blues workshops throughout Canada.
Early life
William Lloyd Johnson was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Two years later he and his family moved to Ottawa, Ontario. He comes from an artistic family, and his mother is Dorothy Oxborough, a notable painter from Victoria, British Columbia. At an early age Johnson would listen to his older brother's collection of blues records, and he has cited his earliest musical interests as Hank Williams, Elvis Presley, the Rolling Stones, Eric Clapton, and in particular Chuck Berry. Johnson has stated, "Chuck Berry was the one that did it for me. Chuck made me want to play guitar." Johnson moved with his family to Victoria when he was nine years old. Uprooted from his friends, Johnson began playing guitar that year, soon excelling in his music classes. He started working as a professional guitarist at age fifteen, and spent most of his teens playing local gigs and studying guitar.
Early years
Bill Johnson played with a number of different bands throughout the 1970s and 1980s, not sticking to one particular genre. In the mid-1980s, however, he began to focus on the blues, studying musicians such as B. B. King, Elmore James, and T-Bone Walker. He also performed with artists such as Alligator Records' Son Seals. In the 1990s he played with the Sidewalk Blues Band with Doug Cox, and in 1993 formed his own The Bill Johnson Blues Band. Early on, the band opened for musicians such as Otis Rush and Delbert McClinton, and toured Scandinavia with the Lebeau Petersen Band.
He moved to Calgary, Alberta in 1996, and while there he was featured in recordings by Donald Ray Johnson. He also played as a member of the house band at the King Edward Hotel, and had stints as a sideman with musicians such as Dutch Mason, Hubert Sumlin, Son Seals, and Cash McCall. In 1998, he collaborated with Texan blues musician Don Johnson on the album Donald Ray. In 1999 Johnson moved back to Victoria, British Columbia, to be near his family and to pursue a full-time recording career.
Solo albums
Johnson's first solo album, 'Why I Sing the Blues, was a collaboration with a number of North American poets. In 2006 he released his first live album, titled simply Live, or The Bill Johnson Blues Band Live. In 2006 the Toronto Blues Society nominated Johnson for a Maple Blues Award for Best Guitarist. He self-released the album Worksongs in 2007, singing and playing solo acoustic guitar.
He self-released his third album, Still Blue, in October 2010. For Still Blue, Rick Erickson contributed bass, John Hunter drums, and Darcy Philips keyboards, with all three musicians at times also contributing to Johnson's vocals. Johnson's long-term collaborator Joby Baker produced the album. In 2010 Johnson was awarded a Blewzy Award for Best Song for the album's track "Half the Man," as well as a Blewzy for Best Blues CD for Still Blue. At the 2011 Maple Blues Awards show, he was nominated for Recording of the Year, Electric Act of the Year and Songwriter of the Year. Still Blue was nominated for Blues Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2012. He performed "Half the Man" at the 2012 Maple Blues Awards.
2012–present
By January 2012 he was signed to Woodrock Music Canada. He appeared in the play The Life of Willie Mae Thornton with film and music star Jackie Richardson and performed the underscoring live. Early that year he toured British Columbia, playing at the North Vancouver Island Music Festival. Later in 2012 he toured Ontario and he ended the year with another tour of British Columbia. He toured Ontario again in the beginning of 2013, including the Blues Summit VI in Toronto. Gigs in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. In 2016 Johnson released his latest CD Cold Outside.
As an educator he has hosted blues workshops throughout Canada, covering topics such as motivating improvement in mature players, rhythm guitar in traditional songs, slide guitar, and constructing blues solos.
Style, equipment
Primarily a blues musician, Johnson fuses many eras of the genre with rock, country, and jazz. He regularly performs either as a solo act with an acoustic guitar or with a backing band. Beyond guitar and vocals he also plays harmonica. He draws on influences as diverse as Robert Johnson, Mississippi John Hurt, Lonnie Johnson, Chuck Berry, Muddy Waters, T-Bone Walker, Eric Clapton, B. B. King, and slide guitarists David Lindley and Sonny Landreth. According to the Musicians Association of Victoria and the Islands, "for years he has honed his craft in bars, clubs, festivals and concerts and has achieved a worldly perspective that gives his blues the kind of soul that speaks with authenticity."
In terms of instruments, Johnson is known to regularly use a blonde Gibson ES-335, a Fender Telecaster, and an unusually modified Mexican Stratocaster used for slide only. He is regularly seen playing a Martin D-28 acoustic guitar and a National Tricone resonator guitar. He is known to use Hohner Harmonicas, High Spirit Native Flutes, and has espoused amplifiers and effects made by designer Mark Stephenson, though he often uses vintage Fender amplifiers as well. In 2016 Bill Johnson received an artist endorsement with K&K Sound, a manufacturer of pickups, microphones, and preamps for acoustic instruments.
Personal life
Johnson lives in Victoria, British Columbia
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WIKI
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Nutrition: A vital ingredient when recovering from illness.
Nutrition: A vital ingredient when recovering from illness.
Link copied!
Nutrition: a vital ingredient when recovering from illness.
The role of nutrition when recovering from illness
The human body and the car have many common traits.
Not sure what we mean? Let us explain.
Both the car and our bodies perform better when they’re filled with the right nutrients. Peak performance comes when they’re treated with care and respect. Neither will work properly, or at all, if the tank is empty. So, just like petrol for your car, good nutrition is fundamental to physical and mental wellbeing1.
Knowing what foods and how much of them you should eat is important for good health and well-being and preventing illness. Good food and nutrition can help you stay healthy and reduce your risk of diet-related chronic diseases2.
Nutrition is equally important when you’re recovering from illness. Good nutrition can support and improve your recovery by providing your body with the essential nutrients it needs to repair and maintain its key functions, during and after periods of being unwell. This is especially the case for people after undergoing surgery, those with malnutrition or gut health-related conditions, and cancer patients2.
What does nutrition actually mean?
In Australia, we are fortunate to have information readily available to us about nutrition and its role in maintaining our daily health and wellbeing, plus how it can aid recovery from illness. Most of us know the importance of a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutritious foods from the five key food groups every day and to drink plenty of water.
But we get it – sometimes the thought of getting nutrition right is overwhelming, especially if you’re energy levels are low due to being unwell or caring for someone else who is. Fortunately, there are a number of credible online resources that you can access to make it easier to know what to eat, to get your health back on track again.
The Australian Dietary Guidelines3 state the key to eating well is to enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods. Developed by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), these Guidelines are supported by evidence-based recommendations on the types and amounts of foods Australians should eat to meet their daily nutritional requirements. While they provide a succinct overview of the five principal recommendations for healthy eating, a consultation with a healthcare professional, such as a dietitian, will ensure you understand how these recommendations can be applied to your individual situation and specific health needs, especially when unwell or recovering from an illness.
The Australian Guide to Healthy Eating4 complement the core Australian Dietary Guidelines by actually showing you the five food groups and the recommended amounts you should eat every day.
Nutrition during illness recovery
While nutrition guidelines are helpful to ensure you stay healthy, knowing what foods and how much of them you should eat when recovering from illness is important, as our bodies will understandably need extra energy and nutrients to get better.
It may be harder for your body to get all the nutrients it needs when unwell. This can be because of difficulties with eating and drinking enough, poor appetite, changes in taste, or your body being unable to absorb all the nutrients it needs from food and drink. In this case, a healthcare professional, such as a dietitian, may work with your GP or specialist, to develop tailored nutritional guidance and advice, based on your individual nutritional needs. This will take into account your age, weight, health status and physical activity.
Nutritional supplements are also often recommended to ensure essential nutrients for good health are consumed on a consistent, ongoing basis. Your healthcare professional may advise you take a nutritional supplement daily, such as Fortisip Compact Protein, which can help you meet your daily nutritional needs when your usual diet is not enough.
This 125ml ready-to-drink, high energy, high protein nutritional supplement shake is high in calories (300kcal) to help maintain your body weight when you are unwell or recovering from illness. Each bottle contains a similar amount of protein to three eggs to assist in maintaining muscle mass, plus it contains 28 vitamins and minerals. This compact little bottle can also be used to create a delicious smoothie or snack.
Change…for the better!
Remember, a personalised nutritional plan may change as you get better and stronger, or during treatment for a disease like cancer, so be prepared to adapt eating and drinking habits during your road to recovery, as directed by your healthcare professional. Their goal will always be to ensure your diet has enough energy, protein, vitamins and minerals to get you, or your loved one, back to good health as fast as possible.
A dietitian can help you, or your loved one, to understand changes in your nutritional requirements; they will also devise tailored strategies and practical ways for you to meet your specific nutrition goals, based on individual factors such as age, weight, health status and physical activity.
Clinical dietitian and nutritionist, Jaime Rose Chambers, says she’s had many patients who have come to see her with malnutrition, usually due to a lack of appetite that’s developed as they’ve aged or because of a certain condition, medication or treatment they’re on.
”They are often low in energy and feel very weak and lethargic. If their diet simply can’t meet their daily nutritional needs, a compact liquid nutrition supplement like Fortisip Compact Protein is so valuable because it provides fluids, as well as a concentrated source of energy and other essential nutrients which gives the patient so much more energy, strength to do some of their daily activities, it helps with wound healing and it also might mean the difference between being able to start or complete a medical treatment.”
The best approach to eating for a long and healthy life is a diet that is balanced and meets your individual and unique needs. Nutrition can also help improve your recovery from illness by providing the body with the essential nutrition to repair and/or maintain functions of the body during and after periods of being unwell5.
Like anything important, you must remain committed to nutrition and its valuable role in helping you recover from illness. You’ll get back what you put in, literally!
Related Articles
Cancer and weight loss
Cancer and weight loss
It is not uncommon for people to lose weight unintentionally due to the impact of cancer and its treatment on the body. During your cancer journey it can be hard to get the nutrition your body needs to stay strong and healthy. Learn more about the importance of nutrition here.
Fortisip Compact Protein
Fortisip Compact Protein
Fortisip Compact Protein can help you or a loved one achieve your daily nutritional needs when your usual diet is not enough. Available in a variety of delicious flavours, one compact 125ml bottle is packed full of energy, protein and 28 vitamins and minerals.
References
1. Victorian Government Health: nutrition and hydration impacts on health: https://www2.health.vic.gov.au/hospitals-and-health-services/patient-care/older-people/nutrition-swallowing/nutrition-and-hydration/nutrition-impacts
2. Australian Government Department of Health: https://www.health.gov.au/health-topics/food-and-nutrition
3. NHMRC Australian Dietary Guidelines: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines
4. Australian Government Eat for Health Guide to Healthy Eating: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-guide-healthy-eating
5. Australian Dietary Guidelines 1-5: https://www.eatforhealth.gov.au/guidelines/australian-dietary-guidelines-1-5
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Kyle Milliken
fed
permanently scarred for life as a snitch. 2603:9001:3701:2C9A:E929:F283:BBCC:5B4F (talk) 12:23, 23 October 2022 (UTC)
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WIKI
|
Anna L. FISHBURN, Plaintiff, v. Louis W. SULLIVAN, M.D., Secretary of Health and Human Services, Defendant.
No. 88 Civ. 4096 (VLB).
United States District Court, S.D. New York.
Sept. 29, 1992.
Davison F. Moore, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., for plaintiff.
Susan D. Baird, Sp. Asst. U.S. Atty., New York City, for defendant.
MEMORANDUM ORDER
VINCENT L. BRODERICK, District Judge.
On April 14, 1992, United States Magistrate Judge Sharon E. Grubin filed a Report and Recommendation that this Social Security disability case be remanded to the Secretary of Health and Human Services to obtain further evidence and apply appropriate legal standards. The Secretary does not object to this recommendation but urges that the remand be under sentence 4 of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), which refers to judicial decisions “affirming, modifying or reversing” the decision of the Secretary, rather than under sentence 6, which is relevant where the remand is for consideration of new and material evidence. The latter is a more apt description of the substance of the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation.
Under these circumstances, I adopt the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation, remand the case to the Secretary with instructions to implement the steps outlined in that Report and Recommendation pursuant to sentence 6 of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), and retain jurisdiction for purposes of dealing with any post-remand events appropriately brought before this court. For administrative purposes, this case is closed.
SO ORDERED.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION TO THE HONORABLE VINCENT L. BRODERICK
SHARON E. GRUBIN, United States Magistrate Judge:
This is an action brought under Section 205(g) of the Social Security Act (“the Act”), 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), to review a final decision of the Secretary of Health and Human Services (“the Secretary”) denying plaintiff’s application for disability insurance benefits. Defendant has moved for judgment on the pleadings pursuant to Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(c). For the reasons stated below, I recommend that defendant’s motion be denied and that the case be remanded to obtain additional evidence and to apply appropriate legal standards to the evidence.
PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff filed an application for disability insurance benefits on January 8, 1987, alleging disability as of April 21, 1981 due to a “right hand injury” and a “bad back, spine.” (R 35-38). Her application was denied initially on April 29, 1987, and upon reconsideration on July 21,1987. (R 43-45, 53-54). At plaintiff’s request, a hearing was held November 12,1987 before Administrative Law Judge J. Lawson Brown (“the AU”), who issued a decision on December 17, 1987. The AU denied plaintiff benefits, finding that she “was not disabled prior to December 31, 1986, when the special insured status requirements were last met and she has not been disabled at any time through the date of this decision.” (R 11). Thereafter, the Appeals Council denied plaintiffs request for review of the AU’s decision (R 2-3), and plaintiff timely commenced this action. Her complaint alleges that she “suffers from thoracic muscle strain with attendant pain in the spine and upper extremities.” Complaint 119. Defendant filed the pending motion for judgment on the pleadings on March 29, 1989. Although given an opportunity to do so, plaintiff, who is represented by counsel, has not responded to the motion. The case, which was originally referred to Magistrate Judge Tyler for a report and recommendation, was reassigned to me following Judge Tyler’s retirement.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs Testimony
At her administrative hearing, plaintiff appeared in person and was represented by her attorney, Davison F. Moore. Most of her testimony at the hearing was in response to questions from her attorney. Plaintiff testified that she was born on April 4, 1926 and lives with her husband and grandson in Poughkeepsie, New York. (R 21). She has a high school equivalency diploma. (R 32-33). Prior to 1961 she worked as a dietetic aide at a Veterans’ Administration hospital in Albany, as a housecleaner, and as a nurse’s aide at Vassar Brothers Hospital in Poughkeepsie. (R 22-23, 110). From 1961 to 1981 she was employed at the Hudson River State Hospital in Poughkeepsie as a mental hygiene therapy aide, for three of those years as a ward supervisor. (R 22, 67). There was no evidence at the hearing of the duties and requirements of that position, and neither the AU nor her attorney asked plaintiff any questions about them. According to plaintiff’s handwritten “Disability Report” dated January 8, 1987 (apparently submitted with her application), her duties as mental hygiene therapy aide included giving out medication; preparing patient charts; and assisting patients in bathing, feeding, dressing and such chores as making beds and cleaning rooms. Plaintiff estimated that the job entailed walking and standing up to five hours a day, occasional bending and reaching, and frequent lifting of weights up to 25 pounds (occasionally as much as 50 pounds), apparently in conjunction with assisting patients in and out of baths and beds and, if necessary, restraining them. (R 67-68).
Neither plaintiff’s attorney nor the AU asked plaintiff how her disorders came about. According to the report of a consultative physician who examined plaintiff in April 1987, plaintiff explained to him the background to her problems as follows. While she was at work on September 24, 1980, a patient took both her hands and swung her around, thereby twisting her neck and back and causing her severe pain. While she was at work on December 20, 1980, plaintiff was assaulted by another patient, who twisted her right wrist. Her right wrist and hand became “quite painful,” and her right hand grip became weak. (R 99).
Plaintiff testified that in April 1981 she ceased her employment at the hospital because she was unable to do the work. Specifically, she “couldn't do any lifting” and her apparent vulnerability from wearing a wrist band provoked attacks from patients. (R 24, 63). Around that time, plaintiff began to receive Workers’ Compensation payments, and she was still receiving them in 1987 when she applied for Social Security disability insurance benefits. (R 24, 57-58).
Plaintiff testified that, at some point in 1982 or 1983, she began to visit a local orthopaedic surgeon, Dr. Edward R. DeRa-mon (apparently for pain in the posterior neck and upper back), and, at the time of the hearing was seeing him once or twice a month or “sometimes maybe a week.” (R 27).
Plaintiff testified that Dr. DeRamon had prescribed Dolobid, Feldene and Carisopro-dol and had given her injections in her right shoulder. (R 27; see R 93-95, 99). For about a year in 1984 or 1985, plaintiff received physical therapy treatments, but she discontinued them when she stopped being reimbursed. (R 32).
Plaintiffs statements about the restrictions her disabilities imposed on her activities were expressed in the present tense without explicit reference to the period 1981 through 1986. Plaintiff testified that she had back pain, had trouble bending and was able to do only “light” chores around the house; that she had pain in her wrist every day, whether using it or not; that driving longer than 20 miles caused “tingling” in her hand; that when she lifted an object, such as a dish, it could suddenly drop from her hand without warning; and that, although her medication relieved her pain, it made her sleepy. (R 28-31). Plaintiff also referred to pain in her knee if she walked too much. (R 30, 80).
Treating Physicians’ Reports
Prior to reviewing the documentary evidence, it is important to note that, with the exception of a report of plaintiffs general physician, the reports and other documents in the record from treating physicians pertain only to plaintiffs condition and treatment in 1987. However, plaintiff is insured for purposes of entitlement to disability insurance benefits through December 31, 1986. (See R 9, 11, 27, 59-62). Under the Title II disability program, a claimant must show that she was disabled at the time she met the insured status requirements of the Act. At the hearing, the AU pointed out to plaintiffs attorney the “paucity” of evidence in the record pertaining to plaintiffs condition prior to December 31, 1986. (R 26). In particular, although plaintiff testified that she was treated on a regular basis since 1982 or 1983 by her orthopaedic surgeon, Dr. De-Ramon, the record contained only reports regarding his 1987 examinations of plaintiff. (See R 93-95). Plaintiffs attorney stated that he was “familiar” with Dr. DeRamon’s office and was “morally certain that within a day I can obtain serial notes for each of those visits [during the 1983-1986 period].” (R 27-28). The AU gave plaintiffs attorney 10 days to provide him with those records (R 27), but no further medical evidence was ever submitted and the AU rendered his decision in its absence. (R 10).
The reports from Dr. DeRamon in the record are for five visits by plaintiff during the short and essentially irrelevant period from March 13, 1987 through May 29, 1987. Hyperextension and flexion in the last few degrees of motion produced pain in the right knee, and there was also pain on “MacMurray maneuver with the foot in external rotation and more with the foot in internal rotation” and on “palpation of the medial joint space.” Dr. DeRamon also noted that plaintiff “states she has pain in the low back occasionally, but she has none today.” His diagnosis was “Cervical derangement; internal derangement of the right knee, torn medial meniscus?” (R 95). In his report dated April 24, 1987, Dr. DeRamon noted that plaintiff “at this time has pain in the neck and radiation down the right upper extremity” and made notations similar to those on March 13, 1987 regarding pain caused by head turning and tilting. He also noted that “[t]he elbow which I said was back to normal November 5th of 1985 is hurting once again.” He noted that plaintiff had taken Carisoprodol and Dolobid for pain and Fel-dene, and he prescribed these medications again. He also requested authorization for 30 treatments of physical therapy for the cervical area.
Dr. DeRamon’s cursory reports on three follow-up visits indicate a favorable response to treatment. On May 1, 1987: plaintiff “is taking her medication and states that the pain is much less than it was.” On May 15, 1987: “This patient is improving.” On May 29, 1987: “This patient is doing well.” (R 93).
The record also contains a report dated February 22, 1987 for the New York State Office of Disability Determinations from Dr. Eugene L. Koloski (R 87-92), whom plaintiff listed as her general physician. (R 64). Dr. Koloski stated that he first treated plaintiff in 1960, that her last visit was on September 12, 1986, and that he treated her on a very “infrequent” basis during the intervening period. Under "history and subsequent course,” Dr. Koloski wrote “minor illness 1960-1986” and listed rhinitis, orthostatic edema of the legs, dizziness, and arthritis of the knees. He stated that plaintiffs “complete physical exam” on September 12, 1986 “revealed no apparent musculo-skeletal abnormalities”; that "the general physical exam was normal”; and that plaintiff was taking Dolobid for pain in her knees. Asked on the form to indicate “limitations of motion in involved joints,” Dr. Koloski wrote “none seen.” (R 91). He also noted “I have not been aware of significant musculo-skeletal disorder.” (R 92).
Consultative Physician’s Report
At the request of the New York State Department of Social Services Office of Disability Determinations, plaintiff was referred to Dr. Emilio Ejercito of Dutchess Physiatric Associates, a specialist in physical medicine and rehabilitation (R 102). In a report dictated on April 13, 1987 apparently based on an examination of plaintiff on April 8,1987, Dr. Ejercito noted tenderness and muscle spasm in the neck and upper back, full ranges of motion in the cervical spine, extremities and lower back, with “slightly tight” muscles and localized tenderness in the latter. Tinel’s sign was positive on percussion of the right wrist, suggesting the possibility of carpal tunnel syndrome. Dr. Ejercito also noted that X-rays of plaintiffs right hand “revealed degenerative changes in the fingers on this side” but “failed to show any significant abnormality” in the right wrist, and that X-rays of the lumbosacral spine also “did not reveal any significant abnormality.” His concluding “Impression” was:
1. chronic recurrent cervical thoracic muscle strain
2. low back pain syndrome with possible sciatic, left
3. bilateral Pes Planus
4. ? carpal tunnel syndrome, right.
(R 100).
The ALJ’s Findings
The AU concluded that plaintiff did not have “an impairment that would prevent performance of past relevant work.” He acknowledged that she had a history of complaints of pain in her right wrist and hand and low back, that her return visit to Dr. DeRamon in March 1987 after she filed her application indicated “some pain on ranges of motion of the neck and knee”; and that her examination by the consultative physiatrist in April 1987 showed a positive Tinel’s sign, possibly suggestive of carpal tunnel syndrome, and mild degenerative changes in the fingers of her right hand. (R 10-11). Nonetheless, the AU noted that her physical examination by her internist in September 1986 “was within normal limits, including no abnormal musculoskele-tal findings”; that Dr. DeRamon’s reports indicated that her ranges of motion were full and that she had responded well to medication in the two months following her return visit; and that, apart from the positive Tinel’s sign, the consultative physia-trist’s examination “failed to show any significant abnormalities of the musculoskele-tal system.” (R 11). The AU found that plaintiffs testimony about pain and limited activity was overstated and unsupported by the clinical record. He further found that she had the residual functional capacity to perform work-related activities except for “heavy” lifting (20 CFR 404.1545) and that her past work as a mental hygiene therapy •aide “did not require the performance of work-related activities precluded by the above limitation(s).” Therefore, he found “[t]he claimant’s impairments do not prevent the claimant from performing her past relevant work.” (R 11 — 12). -
DISCUSSION
I.
For SSI purposes, a person is considered disabled when he or she is unable “to engage in any substantial gainful activity by-reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.” 42 U.S.C. §§ 423(d)(1)(A), 1382c(a)(3)(A). That impairment must be of such severity that the person “is not only unable to do his previous work but cannot, considering his age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy, regardless of whether such work exists in the immediate area in which he lives, or whether a specific job vacancy exists for him, or whether he would be hired if he applied for work.” 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(B). The evidence which must be considered in determining whether an individual is disabled includes: (1) objective medical facts; (2) diagnoses and medical opinions based on such facts; (3) subjective evidence of pain or disability testified to by the individual or others; and (4) the individual’s educational background, age and work history. Mongeur v. Heckler, 722 F.2d 1033, 1037 (2d Cir.1983) (per curiam); Carroll v. Secretary, 705 F.2d 638, 642 (2d Cir.1983); Parker v. Harris, 626 F.2d 225, 231 (2d Cir.1980); Rivera v. Harris, 623 F.2d 212, 216 (2d Cir.1980).
In reviewing a denial of disability benefits, the court is not empowered to make a de novo determination of whether the plaintiff is disabled. Wagner v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 906 F.2d 856, 860 (2d Cir.1990). See Cruz v. Sullivan, 912 F.2d 8, 11 (2d Cir.1990); Townley v. Heckler, 748 F.2d 109, 112 (2d Cir.1984); Parker v. Harris, 626 F.2d at 231. Rather, it is the function of the Secretary, and not the reviewing court, to pass on the credibility of witnesses, including the claimant, and to resolve material conflicts in the testimony. Richardson v. Ferales, 402 U.S. 389, 399, 91 S,Ct. 1420, 1426, 28 L.Ed.2d 842 (1971); Aponte v. Secretary, 728 F.2d 588, 591 (2d Cir.1984); Carroll v. Secretary, 705 F.2d at 642; Marcus v. Califano, 615 F.2d 23, 27 (2d Cir.1980). The court's function is limited to assessing whether the Secretary applied the proper legal standards in making his determination and whether that determination is supported by substantial evidence on the record as a whole. 42 U.S.C. §~ 405(g); 1383(c)(3); Johnson v. Bowen, 817 F.2d 983, 985 (2d Cir.1987); Donato v. Secretary, 721 F.2d 414, 418 (2d Cir.1983). See also Arnone v. Bowen, 882 F.2d 34, 37 (2d Cir.1989).
In that regard, the Supreme Court has defined "substantial evidence" as "`more than a mere scintilla. It means such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.'" Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. at 401, 91 S.Ct. at 1427 (quoting Consolidated Edison Co. v. N.L.R.B., 305 U.S. 197, 229, 59 S.Ct. 206, 216, 83 L.Ed. 126 (1938)). See also Johnson v. Bowen, 817 F.2d at 986. The Secretary's finding will be sustained if supported by substantial evidence, 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), see, e.g., Arnone v. Bowen, 882 F.2d at 37, even where substantial evidence may support the plaintiff's position and despite that the court's independent analysis of the evidence may differ from the Secretary's. Rutherford v. Schweiker, 685 F.2d 60, 62 (2d Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1212, 103 S.Ct. 1207, 75 L.Ed.2d 447 (1983); Anderson v. Sullivan, 725 F.Supp. 704, 706 (S.D.N.Y.1989); Spena v. Heckler, 587 F.Supp. 1279, 1282 (S.D.N.Y.1984). "To determine on appeal whether the ALT's findings are supported by substantial evidence, a reviewing court considers the whole record, examining the evidence from both sides, because an analysis of the substantiality of the evidence must also include that which detracts from its weight." Williams ex rel. Williams v. Bowen, 859 F.2d 255, 258 (2d Cir.1988). See Universal Camera Corp. v. N.L.R.B., 340 U.S. 474, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 464, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951); Mongeur v. Heckler, 722 F.2d at 1038.
The. reviewing court must assure that the Secretary follows the "treating physician rule," under which the opinion of the claimant's treating physician on the subject of medical disability is entitled to extra weight because a treating physician is usually more familiar with a claimant's medical condition than other physicians, and a treating physician's opinion as to disability is binding unless controverted by substantial evidence. Schisler v. Heckler, 787 F.2d 76, 81 (2d Cir.1986); see also Wagner v. Secretary, 906 F.2d at 861; Vargas v. Sullivan, 898 F.2d 293, 294 (2d Cir.1990); Hidalgo v. Bowen, 822 F.2d 294, 296-97 (2d Cir.1987); Johnson v. Bowen, 817 F.2d at 985-86; Havas v. Bowen, 804 F.2d 783, 785-86 (2d Cir.1986); Stieberger v. Bowen, 801 F.2d 29, 37 (2d Cir.1986). Ultimately, the "[r]esolution of genuine conflicts between the opinion of the treating source, with its extra weight, and any substantial evidence to the contrary remains the responsibility of the fact-finder." Schisler v. Bowen, 851 F.2d 43, 47 (2d Cir.1988). See Grits v. Sullivan, 912 F.2d at 12.
The Secretary's regulations set forth a five-step sequence to be used in evaluating disability claims. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520, 416.920; Bowen v. Yuckert, 482 U.S. 137, 140, 107 S.Ct. 2287, 2290, 96 L.Ed.2d 119 (1987); Bowen v. City of New York, 476 U.S. 467, 470, 106 S.Ct. 2022, 2024, 90 L.Ed.2d 462 (1986). See also Sullivan v. Zebley, 493 U.S. 521, 523-27, 110 S.Ct. 885, 888-89, 107 L.Ed.2d 967 (1990). As explained by the Court of Appeals in Berry v. Schweiker, 675 F.2d 464 (2d Cir. 1982) (per curiam), the five steps are as follows:
First, the Secretary considers whether claimant is currently engaged in substantial gainful activity. If he is not, the 5ecretary next considers whether the claimant has a "severe impairment" which significantly limits his physical or mental ability to do basic work activities. If the claimant suffers such an impairment, the third inquiry is whether, based solely on medical evidence, the claimant has an impairment which is listed in Ap- pendix 1 of the regulations. If the claimant has such an impairment, the Secretary will consider him disabled without considering vocational factors such as age, education, and work experience; the Secretary presumes that a claimant who is afflicted with a “listed” impairment is unable to perform substantial gainful activity. Assuming the claimant does not have a listed impairment, the fourth inquiry is whether, despite the claimant’s severe impairment, he has the residual functional capacity to perform his past work. Finally, if the claimant is unable to perform his past work, the Secretary then determines whether there is other work which the claimant could perform.
Id. at 467. The claimant bears the burden of proof as to the first four of these steps. If he or she meets the burden of proving that he or she cannot return to his or her past work, the Secretary assumes the burden of proving the .last step — that there is other work that the claimant can perform. Mimms v. Heckler, 750 F.2d 180, 185 (2d Cir.1984); Dousewicz v. Harris, 646 F.2d 771, 772 (2d Cir.1981); Parker v. Harris, 626 F.2d at 231.
The AU’s decision herein suffers from several major flaws and is not supported by substantial evidence in the record.
II.
There is virtually no medical evidence in this record from the relevant period, although it is clear medical records exist. The only such report in the record is of Dr. Koloski, plaintiff’s general physician who saw her in September 1986, apparently for the first time in about four years. The ALJ’s decision is based on that report, on the 1987 report of the Secretary’s consultant, Dr. Ejercito, who saw plaintiff once, and on the irrelevant and cursory 1987 reports of plaintiff’s orthopaedist Dr. DeRamon. The AU, himself, noted the “paucity” of medical documentation at the hearing, where he was informed that plaintiff had seen Dr. DeRamon at least once every two weeks for at least four years. Although the AU gave plaintiff’s attorney ten days to submit the evidence after the attorney stated, “I am morally certain that within a day I can obtain serial notes for each of those visits” (R 27), he had a duty to pursue the evidence himself when plaintiff’s attorney failed to follow through rather than to simply render an opinion in its absence.
Because Dr. DeRamon was plaintiff’s treating physician, his records and opinions are critical to a proper determination of plaintiff’s claim. Although plaintiff’s attorney failed to perform his duties to her, the AU is not excused from performing his own duties.
In Schisler v. Bowen (“Schisler II”), the Second Circuit approved a Social Security Ruling (SSR) instructing administrative law judges of the importance of and standards for obtaining treating source evidence:
... treating source evidence should always be requested and every reasonable effort should be made to obtain it. Treating sources should be requested to provide complete medical reports consisting of a medical history, clinical findings, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment prescribed and response to any treatment, prognosis, and a medical assessment; i.e., a statement of the individual’s ability to do work-related activities. If the treating source provides an incomplete medical report, the adjudicator will request the necessary additional information from the treating source.
851 F.2d at 46-47 (emphasis added). “[T]he AU has a duty to develop the' facts fully and fairly, and must ‘affirmatively assist the parties in developing the record.’ ” Walker v. Heckler, 588 F.Supp. 819, 824 (S.D.N.Y.1984) (quoting Bluvband v. Heckler, 730 F.2d 886, 892 (2d Cir.1984)). See also 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.944, 416.1444 (mandating that the AU “look[ ] fully into the issues” to develop a full record). Walker v. Heckler, 588 F.Supp. at 824; see also Thorne v. Califano, 607 F.2d 218, 219 n. 3 (8th Cir.1979) (AU’s duty to develop facts fully and fairly applies “even when claimant has counsel”); Masella v. Heckler, 592 F.Supp. 621, 624 (W.D.N.Y.1984) (“The fact that a claimant is represented by counsel does not absolve the AU from his abiding responsibility to develop fully the facts of the claimant’s case in a non-adversarial fashion consistent with the broadly remedial purposes of the Social Security Act.”) Under ordinary circumstances, an AU may be entitled to presume that a claimant’s counsel is making the claimant's “strongest case for benefits.” Jones v. Bowen, No. 85 Civ. 9913 (RLC), 1986 WL 15332 at *2 n. 4 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 31, 1986); see also Jantz v. Heckler, 616 F.Supp. 584, 588 (S.D.N.Y. 1985). However, it was clear in this case that Dr. DeRamon had treated plaintiff during the relevant period for conditions for which she claimed benefits and that records for examinations and treatments during this period had to exist, since they were created for the purpose of qualifying for and receiving Worker’s Compensation benefits. (R 27). It was the AU’s responsibility to “request the necessary additional information from the treating source,” Schisler v. Bowen, 851 F.2d at 46-47, by contacting plaintiff’s attorney to remind him to submit them, or to obtain them directly from Dr. DeRamon.
III.
Curiously, although his decision rested on his finding that plaintiff had the residual functional capacity to perform her past work as a mental hygiene therapy aide, the AU adduced no evidence whatsoever as to the duties or exertional requirements of that job. It is, thus, difficult to understand how he reached his finding.
There is evidence in the record concerning her past work, although the AU did not refer to it in his decision. In her January 8, 1987 “Disability Report,” plaintiff indicated that her duties as mental hygiene therapy aide included assisting patients in bathing, feeding and dressing, and, if necessary, restraining them. She estimated that the job entailed walking and standing up to five hours a day, occasional bending and reaching, and frequent lifting of weights up to 25 pounds (occasionally as much as 50 pounds), apparently in conjunction with assisting patients in and out of baths and beds. (R 67-68). Plaintiff’s description is consistent with the definition in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles § 355.377-018 (4th Ed.1977; 1986 Supp.) of the medical services job of “mental-retardation aide” (an alternate listing for which is “resident care aide”). Its required duties include “[r]estrain[ing] disruptive residents to prevent injury to themselves and others,” and its “physical demands” include “reaching” (“[ejxtending hand(s) and arm(s) in any direction”) and “handling” (“[sjeizing, holding, grasping, turning, or otherwise working with hand or hands”). The position is classified as “medium work.” There is no evidence at all that the AU referred to the Dictionary or anything else to determine what duties were required by the position.
According to plaintiffs testimony, it would be impossible for her to perform such work. The AU, however, totally discredited plaintiffs testimony as to her pain and limitations. While it is within his authority to do so, given a proper record, his doing so was contrary to law, as will be discussed below. But, without regard to her testimony, simply the evidence of the Secretary’s own consultant who examined plaintiff once is enough to indicate that plaintiff could well be precluded from performing this past work. The Secretary’s own “objective” medical evidence establishes that she suffered from “chronic recurrent cervical thoracic muscle strain,” and “low back pain syndrome with possible sciatic,” positive Tinel’s sign and possible carpal tunnel syndrome. (R 100). The consultant also found “degenerative changes in the fingers” on her right hand. (Id.)
Thus, even looking solely at the evidence of the Secretary’s consultant, I find that the AU’s conclusion that plaintiff could perform her past work is not supported by substantial evidence. It would appear questionable, if not impossible, for a woman of plaintiff’s age with chronic thoracic strain, lower back pain and constant numbness and/or pain in the nerve of her right wrist to lift objects of 50 pounds or frequently carry 25 pounds. (Plaintiff testified that even small objects, like a dish, suddenly just drop from her hands and that, when she bends, she is sometimes unable to straighten up. (R 31).) An inability to firmly grip, grasp, pull or hold with her right hand could well preclude the activities required by the job. Nor does it seem likely that she could assist patients in and out of baths and beds, much less restrain disruptive ones.
IV.
Finally, the AU’s conclusion that plaintiff’s pain “is not as severe or as incapacitating as she would have one believe and such pain should not interfere with performance of duties as a mental hygiene therapy aid” is also unsupported by this record.
An AU “must consider a claimant’s subjective complaints of pain, although such complaints are not conclusive.” Morris v. Bowen, No. 88 Civ. 0591 (KMW), 1989 WL 270108 at *5, 1989 U.S.Dist. Lexis 220 at *14 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 12, 1989). As amended by the Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act of 1984, 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A) provides, in pertinent part:
An individual’s statement as to pain or other symptoms shall not alone be conclusive evidence of disability as defined in this section; there must be medical signs and findings, established by medically acceptable clinical or laboratory diagnostic techniques, which show the existence of a medical impairment that results from anatomical, physiological, or psychological abnormalities which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain or other symptoms alleged and which, when considered with all evidence required to be furnished under this paragraph ... would lead to a conclusion that the individual is under a disability.
If a medically ascertained impairment is found which could reasonably be expected to produce the pain alleged, ie., one which does not in itself support a finding of disability apart from the pain, “the medically-established impairment alone would be sufficient to support a finding of disability, even if no further cause of ... pain were established by objective, clinical evidence.” Marcus v. Califano, 615 F.2d 23, 28 (2d Cir.1979). Under such circumstances, an AU may disbelieve claims of severe, disabling pain “after weighing' the objective medical evidence in the-record, [claimant’s] demeanor, and other indicia of credibility,” id. at 27, whereupon he must set forth his reasons “with sufficient specificity to enable us to decide whether the determination is- supported by substantial evidence.” Ferraris v. Heckler, 728 F.2d 582, 587 (2d Cir.1984). Moreover, as Social Security Ruling 88-13 sets forth:
In evaluating a claimant’s subjective complaints of pain, the adjudicator must give full consideration to all of the available evidence, medical and other, that reflects on the impairment and any attendant limitations • of function_ In instances in which the adjudicator has observed the individual, the adjudicator is not free to accept or reject that individual’s subjective complaints solely on the basis of such personal observations.
Stieberger v. Sullivan, 738 F.Supp. 716, 741 (S.D.N.Y.1990) (quoting SSR 88-13).
The AU gives no reason for rejecting plaintiff’s claims of disabling pain, and this failure of explanation is all the more glaring in view of both the extent to which the record confirms or otherwise points to objective bases for plaintiff’s complaints and the AU’s failure to obtain the most relevant medical evidence for this record. Moreover, it is clear from the record, including references to documentation of Worker’s Compensation benefits, that plaintiff left her former job due to injuries sustained while on duty at the mental hospital. Indeed, the record contains an Employee Performance Evaluation Program Appraisal and Rating Form for plaintiff for the period April 1, 1980 through October 1, 1980 that includes among its very favorable comments: •
She has been plagued with wrist injury & out for 6-8 weeks during Admission service & period being evaluated. She has to be reminded at times to pace her work so as not to hurt her wrist....
.... When Admission Unit opened she served as 1st Charge until her wrist injury obliged her to be absent. Her leadership qualities & her enthusiasm for her [patients] & for her work were missed then.
(R 106-07). Plaintiff is a 66-year-old woman who has worked her entire adult life, including 20 years at her last job until she suffered her injuries. Yet another significant factor that the AU should have taken into account but apparently ignored is her exemplary work history. It is well established in the Second Circuit that “a claimant with a good work record is entitled to substantial credibility when claiming inability to work because of disability.” Stieberger v. Sullivan, 738 F.Supp. at 742 (citing Rivera v. Schweiker, 717 F.2d 719, 725 (2d Cir.1983)).
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, I respectfully recommend that your Honor remand this matter to the Secretary with instructions that he develop the record to include the medical records from plaintiff’s treating physician for the period of plaintiff’s claimed disability; that he obtain from her treating physician an evaluation as to her residual functional capacity and an opinion as to disability; that he make the necessary examination of the requirements of plaintiff’s former job as mental hygiene aide; that in considering plaintiffs subjective complaints of disabling pain he apply the correct criteria based on the evidence and set forth with the requisite specificity his reasons for either accepting or rejecting her complaints; that he give appropriate weight to plaintiffs age and work record; and that he otherwise take steps necessary to render a decision in accordance with the principles set out in this Report and Recommendation.
Copies of this Report and Recommendation have been mailed this date to the following:
Davison F. Moore, Esq.
P.O. Box 5190
88 Market Street
Poughkeepsie, New York 12602
Susan D. Baird, Esq.
Special Assistant United States Attorney
100 Church Street, 19th Floor
New York, New York 10007
The parties are hereby directed that if you have any objections to this Report and Recommendation you must, within ten (10) days from today, make them in writing, file them with the Clerk of the Court and send copies to the Honorable Vincent L. Broder-ick, to the opposing party and to the undersigned. Failure to file objections within ten (10) days will preclude later appellate review of any order that will be entered by Judge Broderick. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); Fed.R.Civ.P. 72(b); Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 106 S.Ct. 466, 88 L.Ed.2d 435 (1985); Small v. Secretary of Health and Human Services, 892 F.2d 15, 16 (2d Cir.1989) (per curiam); Wesolek v. Canadair Ltd., 838 F.2d 55, 58 (2d Cir. 1988); McCarthy v. Manson, 714 F.2d 234, 237 (2d Cir.1983) (per curiam). See generally Fed.R.Civ.P. 6(a), 6(e).
. "R" followed by numerals refers to page numbers of the certified administrative record filed herein by the Secretary.
. Plaintiff was asked about her previous duties as a dietetic aide, the position she held prior to 1961, and she testified: “Well, you started patients and put them on diets. You have to wash the dishes and put them in a machine, carry trays, heavy dishes, stack them, put them away, mop the floors, like a general housecleaning, when you get finished doing the work." (R 3).
. In her January 8, 1987 "Disability Report,” plaintiff wrote that she “no longer" saw Dr. DeRamon and that she had last seen him in July 1986. Plaintiff also wrote that she first saw Dr. DeRamon in 1981. (R 64). It appears that plaintiff did ,not see Dr. DeRamon again until his “Disability Examination” of plaintiff on March 13, 1987. (R 95).
. Each report contains the notation "cc: WCB; State Ins. Fund; Ouimette, Goldstein & Andrews, P.C." As the “request" for “authorization ... per the Board rules" in the April 24, 1987 report also suggests, Dr. DeRamon’s reports appear to have been prepared for the New York Workers’ Compensation Board.
. Although Dr. Koloski’s handwriting is difficult to decipher, he appears to have written that his treatment of plaintiff was "infrequent about 4 year intervals." (R 91).
. Since X-rays of plaintiff ordered by Dr. Ejerci-to were taken on April 8, 1987 at St. Francis Hospital in Poughkeepsie and Dr. Ejercito’s office is at that hospital, it is likely that the examination also took place on that date.
. Dr. Ejercito reported the following:
Examination of the posterior neck and upper back revealed tenderness along the midline in the cervical spine, although the ranges of motion were full. Palpation of the right cervical and trapezius muscle revealed tenderness and moderate spasm. In both upper extremities the joint ranges of motion were free and muscle strength was good. Tinel’s sign was positive on percussion over the volar aspect of the right wrist. Examination of the patient’s low back revealed full lumbosacral mobility. The lumbar paravertebral muscles were slightly tight on both sides and there was localized tenderness present in the left sacroiliac and sciatic notch areas. In the supine position, straight leg raising was negative bilaterally. The hip and knee joint ranges of motion were full....
(R 99).
. Since the standards for eligibility for supplemental security income benefits and judicial review thereof are virtually identical to the standards in disability insurance cases, decisions rendered under 42 U.S.C. § 423 are also applicable to cases under 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3). Hankerson v. Harris, 636 F.2d 893, 895 n. 2 (2d Cir.1980); Rivera v. Harris, 623 F.2d 212, 216 n. 4 (2d Cir.1980).
. Although Schisler II was decided after the ALJ's decision herein, the ruling simply formalized in an SSR the rules of law which the courts in this Circuit have for many years imposed upon the Secretary’s decision-making.
.Plaintiff is represented here by the same attorney who represented her before the ALT. As mentioned earlier, no response to the Secretary’s motion for judgment on the pleadings has been submitted for plaintiff by said attorney. This failure to respond has occurred despite the fact that when the case was reassigned to me from Magistrate Judge Tyler, after seeing no response had ever been submitted, I wrote to the attorney and gave him additional time to respond. Even worse, when he still failed to respond, I called his office and left a message that I was calling to ask whether he intended to submit a response, but my call was never returned and no response was ever submitted.
. See also plaintiff's Employee Performance Evaluation Program Appraisal and Rating Form for the period April 1, 1980 through October 1, ‘ 1980. (R 106).
. “Medium Work" is defined in the Secretary’s regulations as "lifting no more than 50 pounds at a time with frequent lifting or carrying of objects weighing up to 25 pounds” and requires "a good deal of walking or standing." 20 CFR § 404.1567(c) and (b). The definition in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, Appendix D at 102, is ”[e]xerting up to 50 pounds of force occasionally, and/or up to 20 pounds of force frequently, and/or up to 10 pounds of force constantly to move objects."
. Tinel's sign is “a sensation of tingling, or of ‘pins and needles,’ felt in the distal extremity of a limb when percussion is made over the site of an injured nerve.” Stedman’s Medical Dictionary (25th ed. 1990) 1422. Carpal tunnel syndrome is “pain and paresthesia (tingling, burning, and numbness) in the hand in the area of distribution of the median nerve, caused by compression of the median nerve by fibers of the flexor retinaculum." Id. 1525.
. The AU’s conclusion that plaintiff could perform her past work, rendered without any inquiry whatsoever into the demands of that work, is even more inexplicable given the absence of any opinion or evaluation at all as to her residual functional capacity by her treating physician.
. The findings of the Secretary’s consultant alone contain such bases (see p. 1027, supra). It is worth noting, in this regard, that, under 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A), "[o]bjective medical evidence of pain or other symptoms established by medically available clinical or laboratory techniques (for example, deteriorating nerve or muscle tissue) must be considered in reaching a conclusion as to whether the individual is under a disability.” (Emphasis added.) Moreover, the reports in the record from Dr. Koloski and Dr. DeRamon indicate the presence of abnormalities in both the right wrist and lower back, accounting for pain and stiffness and causing restriction of regular activities.
. The AU • refers to plaintiff’s "excellent response to medication" (R 11) prescribed by Dr. DeRamon. In fact, the evidence shows only that medication gave plaintiff some degree of relief from her pain. (R 93). Moreover, it does not follow that being medicated would enable her to perform her past work, since she testified that the medication made her drowsy to the point of being unable to function. (R 30). See Figueroa v. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, 585 F.2d 551, 553-54 (1st Cir.1978); Makovics v. Schweiker, 577 F.Supp. 1287, 1296 (D.Del.1983).
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CASELAW
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Page:Notes on the Anti-Corn Law Struggle.djvu/198
"on land and sea, and always with success, who have forced themselves, by a treaty of commerce, to drink its coarse and filthy wines, which no other nation cares to taste, are the most unpopular people who visit Portugal.'"
The lowering of the duties on French wines has had an effect very different from the treaty of commerce with Portugal. The introduction into England of French wines is beneficial to the bodily health of the English; it has also a pacific tendency in proportion to the quantity of claret and other French wines consumed in England and the consequent numbers of Frenchmen, from the capitalist to the labourer, interested in the wine trade between France and England. And though treaties of commerce are not strictly in agreement with the principle of Free Trade, the commercial treaty which Mr. Cobden negotiated with France may be admitted to have had a beneficial and a pacific tendency in regard to the two great nations concerned in it.
I will now give Mr. Bright's letter from which I have quoted a few words:—
"'The man,' says Mr. Bright in a letter to a friend in"
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WIKI
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Talk:Traditional medicine
Wikiproject Traditional Medicine
I have proposed the creation of a wiki project traditional medicine, ethno medical or anthropological sources would be ideal; though any references that meet wikipedia MEDRS standards would be even better. The projects scope would cover at least half of the articles on diseases, animals, plants, fungi and ethnic groups. The projects goal is to promote multicultural perspectives and a multi-disciplinary approach to the sciences. CensoredScribe (talk) 19:00, 3 September 2013 (UTC)
* Same tendencies in GE
* This article was translated to GE. Unfortunately, some wikipedians were unwilling to discuss topics before altering. So I ::stopped up to now to work on it. Nevertheless in GE a very engaged author, EMERITUS had made the same proposal. I agree. My ::proposal is, to split the existing article in two:
* A1 should describe principles and common structures
* A2 should, in its core be the existing article which is in essential an article on WESTERN Traditional Medicine. This is ::excuse me, a general problem of articles in EN wikipedia. Bussakendle (talk) 10:19, 9 June 2014 (UTC)
This
This article doesn't evey try to be NPOV, it's just propaganda, whether you agree with it or not. Revolver 01:37, 7 Feb 2004 (UTC)
It's much better now, but still POV. While I share some of your concerns about pharmaceutical companies and unorthodox ideas failing to receive funding (see my aborted attempt at the article AIDS reappraisal), perhaps there's still a better way to phrase this. Revolver 22:31, 9 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Give it your best shot at revision. statkit1 15:13, 10 Feb 2004 (UTC)
Changed "pharmaceutical" back to "medical"...traditional medicine is not just about the chemical treatment of ailments; if it were, acupuncture wouldn't be considered part of traditional medicine. Alan 20:10, 3 May 2007 (UTC)
Traditional medicine systems like Traditional Chinese Medicine or Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine are fully developed medical systems and not folk medicine. This article should not be merged. However I will add some see also links. Karen S Vaughan 01:19, 21 May 2007 (UTC)
* Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traditional Ayurvedic Medicine are unsafe and unsound pseudoscientific Alternative Medicine systems that are based entirely on anti-scientific esoteric principles of vitalism and "life forces", primitive ideas of sympathetic magic, and blind adherence to tradition despite a complete lack of evidence for any kind of effectiveness. Both systems use highly unethical and/or dangerous components; TCM uses myriad body parts from endangered animal species (ground rhinoceros horn used as an ineffectual aphrodisiac just because horns look kind of phallic... how brilliant.) Body parts that are supplied by an extensive black market of panda torture farms and worldwide poaching rings that hunt endangered species to near extinction. Ayurveda uses toxic chemicals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic, substances known from modern science to beextremely poisonous to the human body. And at the most basic level, continued belief in such systems of pseudoscientific quackery is extremely harmful to some of the poorest and most at-risk people on the planet; countless poor sick people rely on useless snake oil thinking it will heal them, instead of seeking out modern (real) medical aid, and they die because of it. Referring to these laughable remnants of Bronze Age folk magic as "fully developed medical systems" is an insult to the very idea of medicine.
* RyokoMocha FOR I AM NYARLATHOTEP, THE CRAWLING CHAOS 05:42, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
Cleaned up, consolidated and added references. Removed clean up tags and references tags. Added terms ethnobotany and medical anthropology. Added categories and removed the no-categories tag. Friarslantern 18:21, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
Quackery
So basically what I get from this article is that snake oil used by white Westerners it is rightfully acknowledged as alternative medicine quackery, but snake oil used by non-white non-Westerners gets labelled "Traditional Medicine." A given type of unscientific snake oil would be recognized as harmful Alternative Medicine quackery when used by a New Age hippie from New York, but if the exact same snake oil is used by a villager in China or Africa it somehow gets transmuted into "Traditional Medicine." Why is this? Snake oil is snake oil. RyokoMocha FOR I AM NYARLATHOTEP, THE CRAWLING CHAOS 04:24, 16 August 2023 (UTC)
Request
I would like to request for someone to create a page on traditional Mexican medicine. It is a rich topic that has been extensively studied from both cultural and scientific perspectives. A google scholar search for "Traditional Mexican Medicine" may be a good starting point. Cazort (talk) 19:56, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
REQUESTING FOR native american medicine!!! an element of america that does not have its own page on wikipedia! how can that be?<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 11:16, 26 June 2009 (UTC)
Reference style
This article uses Parenthetical referencing. If you're adding a new reference, please make the style match what's already in place here. Thanks, WhatamIdoing (talk) 19:18, 3 December 2008 (UTC)
* Please use a direct instruction instead of leaving the reader to do navigation.
* I have a look at the following and cann't tell which one is the wiki standards
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Citation_templates--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:51, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
* Embedded citations is the most commonly used style, and is in use at this article. -- Brangifer (talk) 16:55, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
Definition of traditional medicine.....
I suggest that the definition on the following page should be used, although it maybe different to the one quoted in the article currently
http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/definitions/en/index.html --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:09, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
Please adopt the terms with the following
http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241546271.pdf as a standardized practice--<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:40, 23 May 2009 (UTC)
The topic of Buddhist medicine has been added based on ..... plus ....
the following
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=buddhist+medicine&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1 --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:08, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
Hindu medicine http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&q=allintitle%3A+%22hindu+medicine%22&btnG=Search --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:18, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
Islamic medicine http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&q=allintitle%3A+%22Islamic+medicine%22&btnG=Search --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:22, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
Jewish medicine http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=allintitle:+%22Jewish+medicine%22&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1&start=0&sa=N --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:24, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
The other main streams of medicines could be from the main streams of religions and I assume that people knows.
BTW, what is the difference between Vedic medicine and Hindu medicine??? http://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_q=Vedic+medicine&num=10&btnG=Search+Scholar&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_occt=title&as_sauthors=&as_publication=&as_ylo=&as_yhi=&as_allsubj=all&hl=en&lr=&newwindow=1 --<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 03:32, 27 May 2009 (UTC)
Jagged 85
(Ping! ) I have reverted this two word claim which Jagged 85, a problematic editor, inserted in about 10 articles several years ago. It is sourced to "Diane Boulanger (2002), "The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology", OISE Papers, in STSE Education, Vol. 3." The actual title of her paper is The Islamic Contribution to Science, Mathematics and Technology: Towards Motivating the Muslim Child and this is in a (almost certainly non-peer reviewed) journal dedicated to education, written by a then undergraduate computer scientist. Jagged 85, moreover, is noted for failing to correctly follow his sources, among other problems. For full details see Reliable sources/Noticeboard and the Jagged 85 cleanup project that it links to. All the best, Rich Farmbrough, 00:46, 10 April 2014 (UTC).
* Note full changes made by Jagged 85. Probably suspect as well. Rich Farmbrough, 00:51, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
* Thanks for the helpful explanation, Rich. Would it make sense to retain the reference to Ibn al-Baitar? From a quick look, it seems appropriate. Regards, DA Sonnenfeld (talk) 02:05, 10 April 2014 (UTC)
* It is a bit of a nightmare, we should ideally re-write the whole section, there are people around who have the knowledge to do that without intensive research, but I'm not one of them. I dislike removing content, but so much of what Jagged 85 wrote is wrong (and he wrote a lot, albeit much was cut and pasted in many places), and such is the reliance on Wikipedia these days, that on other articles I have visited his mistakes, having been removed once, are coming back from sources that have copied them from WP. A tremendous amount of work has been done (not by me, I hasten to add) to resolve these problems, but there's loads left. All the best, Rich Farmbrough, 02:47, 10 April 2014 (UTC).
Traditional medicine and folk medicine
Traditional medicine is fundamentally different from folk medicine in terms of classification. Folk medicine is a system that is regionally developed based on the requirements of a relatively small community. It is often related with regional conditions, available plants and herbs and although completely efficient it lacks a scientific understanding of the processes going on behind the treatment. Traditional medicine is based on a platform upon which a science is built. It is a science in the sense that it is reproducible anywhere at anytime given a proper understanding of the applicable conditions. Extensive classification, practice and study often lead to the formation of scriptures in traditional medicine which is not present in folk medicine. Hence it would not be advisable to merge the two pages of Folk medicine and Traditional medicine. Ksajnani (talk) 16:07, 24 September 2014 (UTC)
* The merger is now being discussed here. – Maky « talk » 03:28, 24 October 2014 (UTC)
* It happened in December 2014. -- BullRangifer (talk) 05:42, 21 December 2015 (UTC)
New project starting
This article seems to fill a void in the general article History of medicine and may be a candidate as a subarticle to the series. Anyone interested in this article is welcome to join the discussion. I'm proposing an overhaul of History of medicine, both to improve the quality of its discussion of Western Medicine, and to improve its world view of other medical traditions in the rest of the world. All are welcome to join in the discussion. Hi-storian (talk) 23:36, 4 January 2016 (UTC)
That picture of the mutilated slow loris is pretty disturbing for this article.
I'm recommending that it gets removed. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:01, 28 July 2018 (UTC)
* I don't understand why, unless you WP:IDONTLIKEIT, in which case dont remove it, it is sourced. Have you got a policy based reason to remove it? -Roxy, the dog. barcus 08:05, 28 July 2018 (UTC)
* Disagree with removal; Roxy makes good points — Sir-Douglas (talk) 15:28, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
* I agree it should be removed. A more appropriate photo that still represents how endangered species correspond to traditional medicine is needed. Youngmv (talk) 00:48, 30 August 2020 (UTC)
Safety concerns deletion
Why was the sentence I added to safety concerns deleted? The sentence read "However, given that iatrogenic complications from chemical pharmaceuticals ranks as a third leading cause of death in the U.S. and Britain[34], Traditional Medicine may be considered relatively safe in comparison." MSun333 (talk) 01:37, 23 August 2018 (UTC)
Undeleted and revised section to read: "Statistics regarding actual harm befalling consumers of folk medicine are scant. "Deaths or hospitalizations due to herbs are so rare that they are hard to find. Even, the National Poison Control Centres of the United States does not have a category in their database for side or adverse reactions to herbs." [38]. In contrast, "Johns Hopkins patient safety experts have calculated that more than 250,000 deaths per year are due to medical error in the U.S. Their figure, published May 3 in The BMJ, surpasses the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's third leading cause of death—respiratory disease, which kills close to 150,000 people per year."[39]"
Added stronger references. I kindly ask that instead of future deletions, we could discuss future cooperation and compromise on the talk page. MSun333 (talk) 03:05, 23 August 2018 (UTC)
Deletion continues without talk. If you are going to separate two different types of medicine, "modern medicine" and "traditional medicine" the comparative theme should continue throughout the document. If safety concerns of one are mentioned, than safety concerns of the other should be mentioned. How would you like to do that? MSun333 (talk) 06:09, 23 August 2018 (UTC)
* It was deleted because it was anti-scientific and made a false comparison. Your other addition was very good. Carl Fredrik talk 08:50, 27 August 2018 (UTC)
From traditional to 'modern'
I am speaking as an anthropology undergraduate interested in the culture of medicine. I feel that there is something lacking in the 'modern usage' section of this article. After the 'medieval and later' section, which discusses how traditional medicine was influenced by generally well-respected scientists (famous Islamic physicians like Avicenna) and endorsed by the Western empires (Imperial Spain) which heavily influenced the creation of the 'modern world', we do not get a clear idea as to how 'traditional' medicine came to diverge from standard practice.
There is some hint that there is no absolute boundary between 'traditional' and 'modern' medicine (i.e. that we have been able to derive medicines from the ingredients involved in traditional cures), but I believe it would benefit from some examples (like the discovery of artemisinin), and I might try editing the article to add some myself. I think it would also be interesting to provide examples of how 'tradition' (i.e. knowledge not necessarily empirically supported but nonetheless 'passed down') continues in standard Western medical practice. This could be as simple as describing the rituals/traditions of medical education or we could discuss examples of non-empirically-supported medical practices which caused harm in the modern era.
I want to stress that I don't have any particular bias in favour of 'traditional' medicine and don't seek to make its present-day practice appear more empirical or scientifically valid than it is. I personally rely on what would be called 'modern' forms of medicine. I do think, however, that this article should pose challenging examples of situations where the distinction between 'traditional' and 'modern' medicine becomes unclear. We could also discuss recent attempts to integrate these practices, such as partnerships between indigenous practitioners and MDs/clinicians. I also generally think some sections are underdeveloped (such as the one on indigenous American practices, which is only one sentence and doesn't really integrate what is said about indigenous practice elsewhere in the article).
I will do my own bit to try to improve and expand the article, but I am writing here to encourage others to do the same. PigeonAppreciator (talk) 17:13, 27 July 2019 (UTC)
Wrong History in the "Classical History" section
"Classical history .... The first Chinese herbal book was the Shennong Bencao Jing, compiled during the Han Dynasty but dating back to a much earlier date, which was later augmented as the Yaoxing Lun (Treatise on the Nature of Medicinal Herbs) during the Tang Dynasty. " Huangdi Neijing is before the Shennong Bencao Jing. see wiki Huangdi Neijing
Ted 2607:FEA8:4A2:4100:5C03:A6A:1118:C842 (talk) 11:35, 19 December 2022 (UTC)
"Magico-medical" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magico-medical&redirect=no Magico-medical] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 06:04, 22 January 2024 (UTC)
"Magico-healing" listed at Redirects for discussion
The redirect [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magico-healing&redirect=no Magico-healing] has been listed at redirects for discussion to determine whether its use and function meets the redirect guidelines. Readers of this page are welcome to comment on this redirect at until a consensus is reached. Utopes (talk / cont) 06:04, 22 January 2024 (UTC)
Wiki Education assignment: Psychology Capstone
— Assignment last updated by Rahneli (talk) 00:49, 10 June 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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Talk:Main Page/Archive 10
Wikinews U.S. Hotline
Does anyone oppose to me posting on the main page Wikinews U.S. Hotline: (206) 339-WIKI? -- NGerda
* What happens exactly when one leaves a message on the Hotline? Who can/does check messages? --Chiacomo (talk) 23:15, 11 July 2005 (UTC)
* Messages are routed to a shared email account<EMAIL_ADDRESS>that several Wikinewsies have access to, including me, Mr. Miscellaneous, and Amgine. There is not much need for more users to have access to the number, as no one has called it yet. As the number gets used more and more often, we can add more users to the shared email account, but no one's even used it in the two months it's been available. -- NGerda 00:04, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* We already have a Wikinews accreditation mailing list that works similarly (e.g. requests for verifying Credentials can be done via phone, and are routed to the list where trusted users can respond to them). A general hotline might be cool for people to phone in news reports, but it should be specifically advertised as such: Report News by Phone: or similar, and the resulting audio files should go to a public place. In this case, direct upload to the Commons would be very neat. I'm opposed to a shared GMail account being effectively featured -- we should run public communications on Wikimedia infrastructure. A mailing list would be sufficient for now.
* If that were possible, I would definitely support that, but the free service we use sends frequent ads and spam and such, and uses attachments, so it may not work with the mailing list. -- NGerda 07:25, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* Before people can record a message, there should be a brief response: This is the www.wikinews.org hotline for citizen reporters. Please leave your name and your number, so we can get back to you if we have questions. Your message will be available for public review and may be used in our news reporting as public domain content. Please speak now. Should be spoken relatively fast.--Eloquence 03:37, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
* I have pretty much that as the message. :) -- NGerda 05:40, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* I'm against it. First of all, only three people have access to it and it's off site. Second of all, if somebody calls in, they can say whatever they want to. Somebody then needs to type it up, and verify the story. Chances are, if the story can be verified, somebody else will write about it already. I don't see any practical use for it. --Dejan Čabrilo 07:33, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
* There are several reasons behind this hotline. First of all, this can only be provided off site because of the circumstances of the free service we're using, plus many Wikinews-related material is hosted offsite- Wikinews IRC being an example. With regards to verifiability, it's easier to tell if someone's lying by listening to them speak than by what they post at Wikinews. The practical use for it is if someone sees breaking news happen, and have a phone handy, they can call it in instantly and have it be reported. Most major and local news sources have hotlines like this one. -- NGerda 07:38, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* I oppose it on the first page - it should be included on an ABOUT WIKINEWS page in a contacts section. -- Davodd | Talk 10:03, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
* I agree. (also opposed )--Pvtparts 08:39, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
I have a suggestion. We can repurpose the Wikinews Accreditation line to be a generic voice submission line for Wikinews. This could be a possibility since the accreditation line hasn't yet gotten a valid accreditation phone call. We can also add a number in the U.K., or add a U.S. toll-free number, or both. I am willing to spend another $10 per month towards this: if it's going to be more than that I might to ask for donations to my paypal account, if you folks don't mind. The pricing is $15/mo for an additional local phone number in the U.S. (i.e. separate voicemail from the accreditation line), or $5/mo for a toll-free number, or $5/mo for a U.K. number (but those have to be added to a main line — either the current accreditation line, or a new $15/mo line). I'm using Vonage if you want more info. What do you folks want to do. -- IlyaHaykinson 13:44, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* Well, the advantage of this service is that it is more likely for the message to be heard quickly if it's routed to a shared account. The same people offer a 1-800 number for $2 dollars per month and 34 cents per call. That may be another option. And, I do think this should be on the main page because it gets much more readership than on an About Wikinews page - where no one will see it. -- NGerda 17:16, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* Well, the Vonage account is still a better deal, potentially, since their toll-free option includes 100 minutes and is $0.049/min afterwards for the toll-free stuff. We currently route the accreditation messages to a mailing list and could do the same with this new number. Plus weren't you saying the service sends you spam? -- IlyaHaykinson 17:43, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
What the hell is this phone line?? I don't want people phoning some random phone line in the US only two people access instead of posting to the wiki. Dan100 (Talk) 06:55, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
* Dan, of course I encourage people to post to the wiki, this is just an option if a reporter doesn't have access to a computer... and we can easily get a phone number in the U.K. for $10. -- NGerda 07:39, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
SkypeIn Hotline
It just struck me that Skype has a SkypeIn service where you buy a number for $38 per year, and you can set up a free voicemail account for that number for when you aren't on live, and if you're signed in people can call the number and talk to you. Plus, it has numbers from Denmark, Estonia, US, UK, China, France, Poland, Sweden, and Finland. And as we talk to a person, I can route the call live through WNN if necessary (e.g. another terrorist bombing). My suggestion: we buy a number for the U.S. and the U.K. (for now), and we set up a voicemail with the message above. Any other thoughts? -- NGerda 22:55, July 12, 2005 (UTC)
* I went ahead and bought a 3-month subscription to SkypeIn and SkypeVoicemail ($10, no big deal). The new hotline number is (Washington, D.C. area code)<PHONE_NUMBER>, or (202) IS-02-4WN. -- NGerda 07:39, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
* If people don't have access to a computer - then how are they reading the hotline number? -- Davodd | Talk
Something is wrong with recent changes.
The print is small. --Wimtennis2005 17:46, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
Increase in articles
Although the dramatic increase in recent articles appears superficially to signal an improvement in Wikinews' coverage, the lack of development of the articles means it's effectively more of a relay station for AP stories. Lots of portal already act as relay stations; Wikinews shouldnt be one of them. Linkspro 22:01, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
* Agree- we've lots of new users who are writing things like you describe. Hopefully all of us here can encourage proper story devolpement, and compilation. Maybe even original reporting. ;) Lyellin 22:19, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
* And, may I point out as a former newspaper editor (even though WN is not a newspaper), that the vast majority of content in most newspapers is wire-type stories or retelling of stories written by others (AP, Reuters, UPI, AFN, etc.). Only about 10 percent to 20 percent is original reporting on any given day at most papers. I think that re-writing widely-reported stories acts as a kind of on-the-job training that makes new reporters get a feel for how reporting is done - by using the work of others who are professionally trained journalists as a template. Someone who is more comfortable writing and is familiar with how reports should look and feel may be more likely to strike out and write a good original piece of work. -- Davodd | Talk 22:34, 12 July 2005 (UTC)
A first step to distinguish the significance of different events
I suggest the creation of Category:Major for major world events with significant ramifications. We could then use two DPLs in Template:Developing stories Template:Latest news for each day, with one listing stories in that category, and the other listing all other published stories. It could look roughly like this:
July 12
* Arrest over London bombing
* Police make significant progress in London bombings investigation
* London bombing: Police search houses in Leeds
* TD Financial to acquire Hudson United Bancorp
* White House refuses to comment on Karl Rove as source of leak
* Suicide attack hits mall in Netanya, Israel
* Intel's offices across the EU raided
* Tropical Storm Emily forms in mid Atlantic, threatens North and Central America
Other events:
* UK Defence Minister alludes to possible Iraq troop reduction
* Fire in Hospital in Costa Rica kills 18 persons
* Ft. Wayne, Indiana burn center treats Afghan child
* Cuba declines American help for damage caused by Hurricane Dennis
* Building in Barcelona damaged by explosion
* Four explosions at Spanish power station
* False security alarm in Bradford, England
* PRIDE Critical Countdown 2005 results
* Abreu smashes records, wins Home Run Derby
* Padraig Harrington withdraws from British Open
* Former Sudanese rebel leader John Garang sworn in as vice president of Sudan
What do you think? Of course, what is or isn't major is something we will have to work out. But this is a question we will have to face sooner or later, given that the current model of throwing all stories on the Main Page is not infinitely scalable. I think a somewhat reduced visibility of stories of lower world-wide significance is justifiable and would make the Wikinews frontpage more readable as our story output increases. This would be a step between the current Main Page and a massive redesign like Ilya's proposal.--Eloquence 21:45, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
* I'm sure you mean Template:Latest news. ;) This is something I've given much thought to, and something like this is needed. I would change the category to , since that is what we want to be prominent on our main page. Eventually, once we get enough stories published every day, we'll need to seriously consider organizing the main page by topic and region, and only showing stories of international interest on the main page. A list would have to be created of all news stories on a given day, and we'll need to adjust our Digest to accommodate that. The Portal namespace discussion also plays a large roll in this discussion. I like this intermediary step to a redesign very much and believe that the more experimental and technical Wikinewsies should start testing out a new main page and category system as soon as they can, so we can have an efficient system when the time for one is necessary, which I see approaching very soon (possibly within a couple of months). The single largest challenge I see facing Wikinews is the fact that to survive, we need to develop technically at a level appropriate and proportionate to our progress at the community level. Wikipedia did a great job at this, and we are building upon their success, but we face many difficult problems in the present and in the future that Wikipedia doesn't. The main problem I see right now is the issue that instead of edits being dispersed over 600,000 articles, Wikinews' edits are made to no more than a hundred articles at any given time. The road ahead will be difficult, my fellow Wikinewsies, but quite worthwhile and rewarding. -- NGerda 23:10, July 13, 2005 (UTC)
* Probably not worthwhile just yet, but it would be good to list "other events" in two columns, or implement the by-topic listing that's been floating around for a while?--Dejan Čabrilo 23:58, 13 July 2005 (UTC)
* Oppose. Unworkable in a fast-paced news site which is collaborative by mandate. That sort of subjecive rating system is inherently POV and will most likely lead to edit wars, factions and other conflict that will harm the community, OR, in an effort to be fair, it will become bogged down in a voting process that will take too long and stories will lose newsworth as they wait to qualify for "Major" status by community consensus. I suggest a "global" or "international"-type tag instead, qualifying stories by an easilly defined set of criteria.-- Davodd | Talk 03:28, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
* Funny, you seem to have triggered a voting-style response pattern ;-). It seems to me that our positions are actually very similar. Category:World or Category:International, with a set of criteria, works just as well for me. But the question is, what is a world event? What criteria do you suggest?--Eloquence 01:40, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* My objection is not to the idea of raising the profile of global stories, but to the grading system of all stories -- which pretty much tells folks that local stories, original or not - are less welcome and deserve no better than second-class treatment. Maybe instead we should have an "international" lastest stories in a separate box along with the running list of latest stories, lower on the page. INternational = impact or interest applies to more than one region of the globe. -- Davodd | Talk 02:48, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* Oppose. Readers naturally navigate to their "Topic" or "Region" of interest. I look at Google, and stories constantly pop up and shift around. We need to get a good grip on the Categories. -<IP_ADDRESS> 06:16, 14 July 2005 -Edbrown05 06:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC) (UTC) Slippery log in. The font change must be the distintion. -Edbrown05 06:27, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
* Support. I like Eloquence's plan. It's easy to implement right away and puts the stories of most world significance at the top. I think something that Wikinews can hopefully get more of is local stories but these don't necessarily belong at the top of the latest stories. I think people naturally look for the top stories first, and then navigate to the topics and regions that interest them. The main page should imitate that by putting major events on top and less significant or more local news below. Of course, I still support the FrontPageSectionMenu being at the top so new people know the topical and regional pages exist. Will there be disputes as to whether a certain story is major or not? Undoubtedly, but that should happen and as long as people are civil and show and assume good faith, it can be worked out. Perhaps, also, it can reduce the kind of griping we get when someone posts a minor, local story that rises to the top of most recently published with people attacking the submission with Not news templates, etc. Double Blue (Talk) 22:46, 14 July 2005 (UTC)
* We do have top stoies first - we have three lead stories. Maybe we should add more lead stories. I don;t want to send the message that the work of people who write original local stories is less important than a mere rehash of what already appears on 1,001 other news sites. -- Davodd | Talk 02:48, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* Support. I like Eloquence's plan as well. I don not believe it will result in major edit wars. A current WN analogy for how I think any conflict-timeline will look like is this: Currently, many articles are published to main page before they're ready. When this happens someone invariably comes along and talks to a few other articles saying "Hey, does anyone else think this isn't ready for publication?" and generally a few other guys pipe in saying "No, not yet" and the original nay-sayer replaces the tag with a tag sending it back to development with a short reason. So far I haven't seen any major arguments about this, generally the article returns to within 60 minutes when someone edits it and republishes it. I think the same thing will happen with major/non-major. --RossKoepke 00:33, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* My objection is that it creates a second-class status for local stories. I support the idea of raising the main paige profile of stories with a global impact. But I don't think POV grading of all our stories with a "good enough" (Main) or "not good enough" (Other) label is the only - or best - way to achieve that goal. -- Davodd | Talk 02:54, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* Davodd, how about ? -- NGerda 05:45, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
* Sure, we can add another DPL box above latest news - maybe "More top stories" or something and then DPL fill it with Category:World or what ever other category we use to pick out the gems. -- Davodd | Talk 14:59, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* OK this sounds great! Now in order for all of this new categorization stuff to work once we start the transition on the Main Page and elsewhere, we need to start using the categorization now. It's actually not a really big deal, the whole hierarchy thing. It's just being consistent with how we do it that's the hard part. -- NGerda 15:47, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
* I suggest adding it to all the current lead stories. Maybe the category should be Category:Lead stories??? An added bonus of this - it could help WN editors actually pick the featured stories - or rotate them in a more organized manner. Using Lead instead of World also would allow us to make the category inclusive of some future non-world story that may be outstandingly brilliant. It also opens the possibility of having some sort of archive portal page of past lead stories. -- Davodd | Talk 15:54, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
* The definition of what geographical category would be used is what is reign of interest is. Therefore I believe that major stories should be categorized as World, and if we have a local story that is excellent (which we have many of), we can have a separate box on the main page for Highlighted reporting, that way those articles stand out and readers can easily come back and find articles like that. -- NGerda 15:58, July 15, 2005 (UTC)
* Sounds reasonable. -- Davodd | Talk 23:38, 15 July 2005 (UTC)
I haven't read all of the above, but I absolutely oppose Elo's idea at the top. I just don't think it's needed, for one thing, and for another, imagine the arguments over what, and what isn't important. No doubt we'd see everything to do with the US in "important", when no-one in the rest of the English-speaking world cares.
I also imagine it would be a total PITA to operate. is great. Please, let's not make publishing stories trickier. Dan100 (Talk) 00:20, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
* Actually, the idea lives from the fact that it doesn't complicate things -- it's an optional step to add the Category:World (or whatever category system is used) which only marginally affects visibility of the story. Dan, to paraphrase you, this is a problem waiting for a solution :-). As we are getting 15-20 stories a day, we must start differentiating them. Right now, our Main Page has stories like Nurse glues boyfriend's eyes shut coexisting with Children massacred in Kenyan school on the same hierarchical level. It should not require dispute among reasonable persons that this is not a viable long-term solution. In fact, this is already being criticized in the blogosphere.
* We can't forever sidestep the question of how to prioritize stories. Yes, it will be messy, yes, there will be disagreements and bias, but just putting everything on equal footing is neither neutral nor scalable. It undermines both the credibility and the usability of Wikinews. And, for the record, the same issue of selection bias exists for every story that we mark as a lead -- at least having these two tiers should simplify the procedure of picking leads. I think the above approach - with Davodd's and NGerda's suggested improvements - is a first step towards reasonable differentiation, with Ilya's multi-category system being the next step. If you have any better suggestions, please do make them.
* NB: This may be hopeless at this point, as it's a practice that seems to be popping up on multiple pages, but I would really prefer not to use bold to emphasize positions in regular discussions. We're not voting on anything, we're talking, and the essence of discussion should be an open-minded exchange of ideas with the possibility of changing your position and seeking consensus. If that fails, we can always resort to a formal vote to reach a conclusion, and there'll be plenty of room for bold text ;-).--Eloquence 04:04, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
* I cannot agree more with Eloquence's above comments. -- NGerda 08:38, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
How about something like this: Main Page/World -- Davodd | Talk 04:15, 17 July 2005 (UTC)
* :) The Main Page is supposed to be a collection of news stories of international interest, unless we decided otherwise. So I don't really see the point of this page. -- NGerda 16:23, July 18, 2005 (UTC)
I just don't see why this needed. RSS feeds don't differentiate their articles, do they, yet they are very popular. Our Latest news box is very much like a RSS feed, and I've always felt that's one of strengths. It puts all published stories, big or small, on an equal footing.
I also don't see it as a problem that we have "wackynews" next to very serious "hard" news. Our readers can differentiate what's important to them themselves - we need not make the choice for them. Dan100 (Talk) 08:44, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* The RSS number is of no value since there is no comparison; we don't know if it could be ten times as high if we provided better RSS feeds. Certainly, sites like the BBC offer categorized RSS feeds due to the sheer volume of stories; we will eventually do the same. "We do not need to make the choice for them" is a nice bit of rhetoric, but no more useful than "We do not need to make the choice for the readers what stories we write". Our job is to present a well-categorized selection of news of the day, if we don't do this job to the satisfaction of the reader, the reader will go away. I'll try to develop this into a proposal which can be taken to a vote.--Eloquence 17:12, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
Drop third lead
I know we all love leads etc etc... but they're not getting updated. Time and again I come here and they're either ancient, or really poor choices anyway. Third lead is especially bad for this. So let's scrap it. I'm not sure what it could add to the site even if it wasn't eternally out of date.
And it looks rubbish to have old leads at the top of the Main Page - it's a great big in-your-face screaming message to any visitor that we're "either totally out of date or plain lazy".
I'm sure this post will bring the usual rash of frequent updates over the next few days, as such posts always do. Then we'll see the same problem arise, as people get bored with updating it - as always happens, too. So let's bite the bullet, and scrap third lead. Maybe with the sickly little brother gone the top two might see some more updating. Dan100 (Talk) 00:27, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
* Support I didn't even read all your post Dan before I posted. We need the space there too, for what I don't know :) -Edbrown05 08:15, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
* Strongly Oppose The solution of the problem of the third lead not getting updated enough would be for users to be proactive and edit it themselves. It literally takes a minute tops to edit the third lead. -- NGerda 08:36, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
* Could you provide a tweaked Main Page to see what it looks like without the third lead? Im kinda in favour of removing it but would like to see the visual implications first. → CGorman (Talk) 14:34, 16 July 2005 (UTC)
* I drafted it up at Main Page/Test. -- NGerda 17:52, July 16, 2005 (UTC)
* Thanks Nick. I support Dan's idea for a few months, i.e. until Wikinews can support more leads. → CGorman (Talk) 17:59, 16 July 2005 (UTC)Better alternatives have emerged. → CGorman (Talk) 22:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
* I think we should keep the third lead. There is no reason it can't be a lighter or more feature-oriented story. -- Davodd | Talk 15:19, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
Davodd, quite true. The issue is that no-one can be bothered to look after it. It's not suprising - editing the leads is a PITA and everyon (quite rightly) prioritizes the top two leads more highly. Dan100 (Talk) 16:28, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
* Davodd's idea is best. It would be a shame not to highlight more than two stories so the third lead should be the one that has the most human interest, the best written story that day perhaps or a quirky story - whatever people feel is most likely to get readers reading which isn't the day's top breaking news. You could call it Choice of the Day or somesuch. If there is a clear explanation of the third lead's refocussed purpose on the workspace then people might feel more inclined to edit the third lead, but if they don't, it won't be as time specific. ClareWhite 08:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
I've installed Clare's idea (nicking her exact wording, in fact :-) ). Let's see how it goes. But, again, if still doesn't get updated, I think we'll need to remove it. Dan100 (Talk) 21:45, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
* Like the idea... but not the title, sorry Clare but the word choice reminds me more of a restaurant menu than a world class news website. → CGorman (Talk) 22:05, 19 July 2005 (UTC)
* I agree that the word choice is bad. -- Ross Koepke Talk 03:04, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* I was proactive and changed it to Featured story. -- NGerda 05:42, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
I was going to put 'Super charged Feature Story' on the top story. I think I will. -Edbrown05 05:50, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
"Featured story" seems a bit arbitrary; how about combining this and the "Original reporting" list into one box, changing it to "Featured reporting", and making the lead an excerpt from a recent OR story we deem to be of high value? This would also address the issue of updating, since we don't get that much OR in the first place, and when we do, I'm pretty sure someone will be willing to update the lead. I also think if we further develop the distinction between reporting and research, we can include both reporting and research under this heading.--Eloquence 05:53, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* How about something more like 'Featured Local Story' to showcase the most local (i.e. non-internationally-scoped) story? They will often be O.R. as well, I bet. -- IlyaHaykinson 06:09, July 20, 2005 (UTC)
* I'd prefer being flexible in both directions at this stage, given the limited number of stories to choose from. Furthermore, while there has been a lot of enthusiasm lately about local reporting, and I share much of it, it is important to get facts, quotes, pictures and interviews on events big and small, and I think featuring the best work of Wikinewsies regardless of scope might encourage that.--Eloquence 06:13, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* I don't thik Wikinews readers particularly care one way or another whether it's original reporting or not, news is news. The fact that many chose not to participate in reporting the news says what? Does it speak of the Wikinews itself, or something else. Edbrown05 06:33, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* It speaks of something else. The tremendous influx of contributors during the London bombings says the awareness is there. -Edbrown05 06:42, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
Why don't we just use third lead for all kinds of stories that would otherwise not end up among first two leads, but need "promotion". For example, if we have representative original reporting, or local story, or sports article, or very interesting topic that may not be all that important, or generally anything else that's currently lacking - we can put it up as the third lead. This way, we retain flexibility, as we will hardly end up with enough fresh stories for the third lead if we concentrate on only one topic. --Dejan Čabrilo 06:44, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* Agree with Dejan, simple Featured Story gives flexibility and lets us highlight what we want. It might end up being updated more than the other two! ClareWhite 07:46, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
how about combining this and the "Original reporting" list into one box, changing it to "Featured reporting", and making the lead an excerpt from a recent OR story we deem to be of high value? - nah, we go weeks between decent bits of OR. I don't think we want to be highlighting that on the Main Page.
I rather like our new Featured Story. Let's stick with that for a while. The perfect example for what it could be used for is what I just put in it - Elo's story about prayer and medical effect. Not really "top story" stuff, but very interesting, and deserves promotion. Dan100 (Talk) 08:40, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* I'm worried that the selection criteria will just be considered arbitrary, and that people will suggest we choose these stories based on personal biases.--Eloquence 15:57, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
* Every decision each person ever makes is based upon a personal bias of some sort or another. :-) Maybe we should just stress that we attept to the best of our skills to be as equitable as possible here. -- Davodd | Talk 17:55, 20 July 2005 (UTC)
WTF
excuse me but why the fuck is there a picture of a dude sucking another dude's cock on here... <IP_ADDRESS> 20:27, 22 July 2005 (UTC)
* Because anyone can write the news here and some people who vandalise the pages this way have brains the size of peanuts.
* yea, some real jackasses. I saw that, and tried to fix it. fortunately, someone else beat me to the punch. Luckily, these pages are usually repairable rather quickly.
Add fourth lead
More like a real newspaper, and informs reader when there are more than three major stories (which is often (such as now)). Kevin Baastalk 00:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
* Lol. Dan100 (Talk) 11:13, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
* otfl. Kevin Baastalk 12:58, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
I've no idea what otfl means. But if you read up a bit, you'll see that we have a hard enough time keeping three leads up-to-date - and third lead is under the threat of the axe at the moment. Four leads is out of the question. Dan100 (Talk) 17:18, 23 July 2005 (UTC)
* Dan, I believe the anatomical translation of the four-letter acronym "otfl" is Off the Floor Laughing. -- NGerda 17:34, July 23, 2005 (UTC)
* I read the above before I posted this section. th atesll me not that " we have a hard enough time keeping three leads up-to-date - and third lead is under the threat of the axe at the moment." It tells me that people have different opinions. And to notice that there is one request to add a lead, and another to subtract, is to notice a range of opinions with a zero-sum. (a balance at +1-1=0=no change). 03:50, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
Older news still marked as breaking
The current version (July 24, 2005 10:18 UTC) of the Main Page still shows the London shooting story as breaking news. The BBC had mention of this story yesterday, is there nothing newer?
--<IP_ADDRESS> 10:29, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
For me it seems Police confirm man shot to death on London Underground unconnected to bombing, not the story you mentioned. Perhaps you will get it when you reload your browser. --Aphaia 10:44, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
* I know what the IP means - the story still had the "breaking news" image, even though it's yesterday's news. This is, indeed, a problem. I've removed the image, but I wouldn't be suprised if there are people who'd rather we have an image there (I see no need), even if it's a frankly daft one. Dan100 (Talk) 10:50, 24 July 2005 (UTC)
New Design
A new design has been discussed many times, here is a proposal, wich is a previous proposal with a few modifications i made to it, see User:Ryan524/Sandbox. And lets carry out voting here as to what you think of it.
* Support. Although I don't think the existing layout needs a change, this layout emphasizes the articles. As of now, on a 1024x768 screen, you have to scroll down to see the three major headlines. In addition, I like the grouping of stories by topic rather than by date...see Google News and Yahoo News for how this layout helps.Veritos 17:51, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Comment since your vote NGerda has edited the proposed design, they apear to be only slight changes.--Ryan524 20:14, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Support. I like the current layout but I like the new one too... Makes it easier to scan the whole page -- and know what's new. It would be nice if articles had the dates associated with them somehow. --Chiacomo (talk) 20:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Support. I have moved the proposed Main Page over to Main Page/Test. -- NGerda 20:22, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
* Comment also they leads are part of the page, not templates, that will need to be fixed since the main page is protected.--Ryan524 20:26, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
First off, this isn't a vote, so why are people posting like it's one? Second, this suffers from the same problems Ilya's did: old articles hanging around for ages because we go ages without articles in certain categories. Hell, quite often articles don't have any categories at all so this isn't really practical. Dan100 (Talk) 21:56, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Also has the double-category problem - look at the two top categories right now. Dan100 (Talk) 21:57, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Most people intrested in reading news articles prbably would prefer the category method rather than the date method of listing aticle, and i don't see what is so bad with articles being listed twice, many people who visit news sites are intereted in story about a specific topic or from a specific region, this design allows them to find the most recent articles of any given category, or for any ggiven location.--Ryan524 22:02, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* I dont think double-cat is actually a problem . P.S. These cats will encourage proper use of categories, which can only be a good thing. -- Ross Koepke Talk 22:01, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Dan, people are voting because it is a vote. More of a straw poll in my opinion, but nevertheless a request for opinions. And how about instead of just dismissing the idea completely because of a relatively minor flaw, you help improve the proposal? -- NGerda 21:59, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
* I'm not voting -- I'm just supporting a change on the main page. I do agree with your concerns though, Dan... --Chiacomo (talk) 21:58, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
Oppose. Though I like the design, it has a few flaws. It's not based on DPLs, which is more important than it might seem at first glance. We can't put *'s in front of articles when using DPLs, meaning all the sections would look very different than they do in the mock-up version. I say postpone this change until we institute a more advanced version of DPLs. Furthermore, the stock section mock-up is currently unfeasable (requires manual intervention). Also, pictures are too small so you can't see what the pictures are actually of. As an aside, the colors for sports and original reporting are abrasive. -- Ross Koepke Talk 22:00, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Needs:
* DPL Inclusion (needs modifications to our DPL software)
* Auto-updating Stock-ticker Table
* Bigger Pictures
* Less abrasive color scheme.
* Ross, great suggestions; this is what moves us forward. Can you make modifications to Main Page/Test so we can see what you mean? -- NGerda 22:02, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
* last time i checked it used dynamic page lists (i am guessing thats what you mean by DPL) and a bot could be made to update the stocks table. Bigger pictures are avalible in the articles, and what do you mean abrasive color scheme?--Ryan524 22:06, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* NGerda - not without changing the overall look and feel of the design. Ryan524: I mean that yellow is really hard on my eyes. Might be my monitor, but I'm sure other people own Toshiba Satellites besides me. -- Ross Koepke Talk 22:07, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* You are welcomed to goto Main_Page/Test and improve the design.--Ryan524 22:10, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* SORRY!. The design does utilize DPLs. I'm an idiot. -- Ross Koepke Talk 22:11, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* No problem, everbody makes mistakes.--Ryan524 22:13, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* We can totally dump the stock ticker for now. -- NGerda 22:14, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
* nah then the area below the weather map is blank and looks bad, a bot can be developed to update it.--Ryan524 22:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
Support on the condition that another catagory be added to the list of catagories - Latest that lists the four newest published stories.. Other than that, excellent job Ryan. → CGorman (Talk) 22:14, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* its mostly done by IlyaHaykinson though, i only made slight edits, and that category could be added, right above politics and conflicts i think would be a good spot, i am not really good with editing wiki pages, perhaps soemone else could add it...lol.--Ryan524 22:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* CG, I agree, that was part of my plan, too. And I believe that Ilya Haykinson did most of the work on it. -- NGerda 22:16, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
What I don't understand is what is wrong with our current page. IMO it's beautifully designed, has a nice easy-on-the-eye colour scheme, and is visually well balanced. (Oh and I had no hand its design - it was done by several editors back in March.) I don't understand the rush to replace it (especially with something with type so small I have to squint). Dan100 (Talk) 22:17, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* two words: too dull, only two diffrent background colors, and its orginized by date, not categories as most news sites do. And if they type is small update internet settings to enlarge it.--Ryan524 22:23, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* The small print is my only concern with the new design- otherwise, I htink currently, although our design is nicely balanced, we still do not look near enough professional - although I think several of the designs that were submitted to the meta page would have done that job *goes back to wishing that contest would end or something*. Lyellin 22:19, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* Basically it's inefficient. Type is too large, on 1024x768, you can only see the main articles. I Propose the ability to choose which layout design you want in preferences. -- Ross Koepke Talk 22:25, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
* too bad you can't use php code in it to allow each user to customize the page, font size, ect, even choose from one of several designs, then we only have to fight about what would be the defualt design.--Ryan524 22:28, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
I really don't think personalized Main Pages are the way to go. It presents too many challenges in regards to updating and maintaining. We should stick to a one size fits all type main page. -- NGerda 22:40, July 25, 2005 (UTC)
* it would be all handled by a database and php script, anyone know how to hack the wiki?--Ryan524 22:45, 25 July 2005 (UTC)
Oppose: I agree with Dan, on both the fact that this should not be/is not a vote and the design issue with the page. --Cspurrier 02:03, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
* sorry but if you ask me the current main page design says: "we don't care, we just got a basic main page up to have a main page." we need something wich introduces more colors and shows stories by categories and regions, not the date they were started. But i figure somepeople like simpler designs wich is why i think we should have it customisable per each wiki-user. then we have to figure of a defualt design that guests wil see and will be set until the user changes it.--Ryan524 05:53, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
* Ryan, it's definitely not the case that the existing page was thrown together in a hurry. However, as with Ilya's design, this is what we will want to switch to when we're getting enough stories (30+) a day. We're a long way off that though - at the moment we'd get stale old stories on the Main Page, and the region/topic pages are often full of ancient articles. That's not an image we want to project! Dan100 (Talk) 09:11, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
Like the colours and the smaller writing. Happy to move towards that to fit more on, perhaps more leads to be drawn out. But oppose the use of categories to make us look like auto-google-news-portal. We are news, it should be all about the latest news and it should be up to us whether we want to highlight particular categories on the front page because they've been particularly active or interesting or whatever but please not all of them, it's too overwhelming and it will be, as the man above says, stale. News not robot lists, please :) ClareWhite 09:16, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
* I agree with the idea that current headlines have to be given, at this point in time, the most prominant position in the main body of the page. I do believe though that greater emphasis needs given to topics firstly, then ultimately regions. Somehow that Index Box in the top right corner of the Main Page just doen't get it for me. I asked once, but never got an answer. Is a 'mouse over' 'drop down menu' of headlines possible when the pointer hovers over say North America? -Edbrown05 21:56, 26 July 2005 (UTC)
* I do not believe that this is possible under the current version of MediaWiki. -- NGerda 22:57, July 26, 2005 (UTC)
* Using the Ryan524 test page, can a date be dynamically placed next to the headline under each 'Topic' and 'Region' heading. Then the reader would have a clue how current the news is before clicking. Also, the 'Topic' and 'Region' cross-over category problems are something that must be managed anyway. The writer/editor must simply chose what 'Topic' and 'Region' most applies, then more narrow interest stories would appear in sub-Topic/Region locations and stay off the main page. I had something like this written last nite when a power outage shut down the whole neighborhood and before I had a chance to click Save. -Edbrown05 04:32, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
* It is possible to make dates appear next to articles listed in DPLs, but to put it in Dan100's words, it looks "fugly". -- NGerda 04:35, July 27, 2005 (UTC)
* Maybe the 'Date' could appear centered on all story pages under the headline, and also the Main Page, as a new "house style". :? -Edbrown05 04:57, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
* Richmond swelters under 114 degree F heat
* July 27, 2005 From Wikinews, the free news source you can write.
* July 27, 2005 From Wikinews, the free news source you can write.
* No (!) at the end of news source you can write. -Edbrown05 07:20, 27 July 2005 (UTC)
Internal US politics articles as lead?
Several times now US politics articles with no international relevance have been made lead article. This should not be done: editors must remember that this is the English language edition of Wikinews, not the US edition. As it says in the Lead article template comments, Lead stories should be of international interest. Dan100 (Talk) 15:31, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
* Dan, I think you're going a bit overboard with this. There are certaintly situations where the only article worthy of being a lead article is an internal political article regarding some country. Slow news day? Certaintly allowable, if other news is less significant. What I presume predicated this post was the CAFTA vote total - which, I would point out, influences well, many things, including Central American countries, and by proxy, issues with NAFTA, EU-US Relations, and the possibility of Republicans winning in 2006 and 2008, which, as I'm sure we've all learned, matters ;) Lyellin 17:06, 28 July 2005 (UTC)
* I noticed that here Dan100 replaced the CAFTA story (a U.S.-led treaty among 7 countries) with the climate story (a U.S.-led non-binding pact among 6 nations) as being more international. LOL. -- Davodd | Talk 10:22, 30 July 2005 (UTC)
Davodd, are you suggesting that climate change is not a global issue? LOL. Dan100 (Talk) 23:02, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
* Certainly it is. But if Bush says something on the subject, I don't see that as a global issue. <IP_ADDRESS> 03:48, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
The US produces 25% of global CO2 emissions, with India and China not far off. This is actually the most significant news in global climate change for years, with far-reaching international ramifications. Dan100 (Talk) 13:05, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
* I think the point was that CAFTA is also of great international import, no? Furthermore, I would argue that because climate change is a relatively slow process, the more immediate passage of CAFTA is much more topical. Theshibboleth 14:28, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
What about New Orleans? Nyarlathotep 22:21, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
Is there a non-English language edition of wikinews? Should the news really be segregated by langauge? Nyarlathotep 22:21, 3 September 2005 (UTC)
* Yes, WikiNews is in many languages. I would say that inevitably there will be more emphasis on news in the English-speaking world here, but we should certainly attempt to cover any major stories in the rest of the world, as well. StuRat 01:30, 4 September 2005 (UTC)
Developing stories on the main page
Why do we need them here still? Really? It's just clutter. Dan100 (Talk) 23:04, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
* Because it shows we are have an open editing process and none of the other systems we have work as well yet as having developing stories on the main page --Cspurrier 23:06, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
* The need for visibility or the need to reduce clutter? I, for one, am getting sick of the 'Main Page', and there has been no substantial progress to move forward on this. What's that '3rd lead' contributing? What's that 'Developing stories' contributing (heard Cspurrier above)? The 'Main Page' looks patch-work. Wikinews needs a more mature 'Main Page'. This is of no help to codeless me, but here is what I can find on NoClip's work on a custom skin... Custom skin/Latest code. I know other's are involved with this, perhaps that NoClip skin with some creative input can move this issue forward. -Edbrown05 23:36, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
* Prob 'Developing stories' needs to remain somehow. -Edbrown05 23:38, 5 August 2005 (UTC)
* We're more likely to get people editing articles if they know that they can.Veritos 19:41, 6 August 2005 (UTC)
Developing stories definitely should be on the main page. It's like a breaking news section and shows our processes, hiding them away in the workspace is more likely to make people publish raw work too quickly. I also think there should be a link to the workspace there as the input box has been removed. If we're going to focus our attention on change, let's work on the lead story issue: they're often outdated (especially at the end of a weekend), are they too tricky to update? Do we need to be encouraging more editing in other time zones? ClareWhite 09:25, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
* We do have the write/edit articles link on the left of every page. Dan100 (Talk) 08:20, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
* Agreed, the single most common hostile responce of a newbie to being taged is to claim that the tager is doing it to suppress the story, such issues would hundreds of times worse if the article was hidden. It is vital to soothing such people nerves that their stories be displayed on the front page. I suggest the following however:
Subdivide the developing stories into two categories: Written stories will be promenently displayed, while Non-written stories will be displayed below them. To prevent fighting, we should have the rule that anyone may move an NPOVed story of more than two sentences from "not written" to "written" simply by making one NPOV improvment. If an author wants to defend his piece and edit it at least once every 48 hours, it should have the right to be promenently displayed among the written stories, even if it violates NPOV, etc.
* 1) written stories - all articles containing coherent content which makes *any* effort to conform to NPOV, including short stubs of at least two sentences. Any story which any ongoing contributor wants to be read by anyone.
* 2) non-written stories - Evergreen, copyvios, advertisments, etc. Short stubs containing one or zero sentences. Rants and op-eds which have made no effort to conform to NPOV standards within the last 48 hours. Stories which are looking for any contributors.
* Thoughts? - Nyarlathotep 13:18, 5 October 2005 (UTC)
Breaking News
The breaking news logos just look silly. It is almost never breaking news by the time I see it.
Exclusive to Wikinews
"Exclusive to Wikinews" means "excluding Wikinews", not "excluding all but Wikinews". That should either be changed (I've no idea what to) or removed. --Greg K Nicholson 02:21:06, 2005-08-07 (UTC)
* No, it doesn't. Goodgerster 21:20, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
* Nicholson, exclusive of would mean what you say, exlusive to would seem to mean on Wikinews only. However the term exclusive as a noun is more generally used to refer to articles only found from one source, so perhaps it should be changed to Wikinews exlusive. I suppose the latter is more clear, but I don't think there is any lack of clarity anyway. Theshibboleth 14:01, 19 August 2005 (UTC)
* "A Wikinews Exclusive" might work... --Telecron 19:51:21, 2005-08-27 (UTC)
* The OED gives "exclusively confined to" as an alternative definition for "exclusive"; this definition needs to be added to Wiktionary. So, the current wording isn't wrong, but using "exclusive" as a noun would be clearer, for example to non-native English speakers.--Greg K Nicholson 15:54, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
sub rescue
the sub wasn't "rescued by" the rn....it was a collaborative effort, and even tho the scorpio is MoD owned, due to cost effectiveness, the majority of the personnel involved were civilians. let's not have jingoistic headlines pls
* Can we take this off the first lead now (usual excuses apply or I would do it) - perhaps wikimania is of greater interest to our readers? ClareWhite 16:10, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
* User:Cllewr changed all three lead templates --> now I am clueless, without a lot of work, to update a lead story. I'll undertake the Main Lead cange, but this outta the blue stuff by Cllewr is pain in backside. -Edbrown05 16:33, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
Resolved, hopefully - see Template talk:Lead article. Dan100 (Talk) 14:30, 9 August 2005 (UTC)
quantity of articles
The current events page on wikipedia is much better than this site. Here there are only a handful of articles. I can't imagine anyone using this site for research in a few years time the way people look at old newspapers in libraries.
* The current events page on Wikipedia is a handful of links. How can that possibly be better than Wikinews? And as to your claims about research, I'd like to refer you to the list of how many universities and organizations that do not recognize Wikipedia as a viable resource - hindering the ability for it to be used as a large research source. --Mrmiscellanious 14:48, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
Wikinews has 3,578 registered users. Wikipedia has 347,366 registered users. To the "contributor" who initiated this topic, I wonder what Wikipedia looked like when its user base was so small. If you think you can improve this site, then contribute. I can and have 'flamed' Wikipedia. But I still say, when the world wakes up, it reaches for a newspaper and not an encyclopedia. -Edbrown05 15:34, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
* In September 2003, Wikipedia was approximately the size of Wikinews is now in user base. At the time, their current events page looked like this: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=September_2003&oldid=1514364 I suggest the aonymous user above come back and check this wite out in two years - to compare us to this month's WP Current Events page. -- Davodd | Talk 21:32, 11 August 2005 (UTC)
Add new article moved to top of page
* Hey! How do you expect people to add new articles, if they don't know how to?
Anyway, the add new article box is now at the top of the page, where hopefully it'll stay for now. It's not perfect, but even at 800x600, people at least now know where to submit news (where before, 1600x1200 was insufficient to catch a clue). Excellent :-)
Kim Bruning 21:41, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
* Well, I finally had it with the number of people telling me it was too hard to start a story :-). We're not exactly sinking under the weight of new articles and new editors, so maybe we needed something more drastic than the "...you can write!" link and an input box "below the fold". Yeah, it pushes the leads down and yes, I canned the OR box (which only listing ancient stories), but really we have to decide what is more important - promoting the (few) stories we have, or actually getting more content on the site? Dan100 (Talk) 21:45, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
* This needs to be discussed before it's implemented. I do support it, though. -- NGerda 21:46, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
* Looks like we're trying out a new way to go about major changes. I like. :) -- NGerda 22:17, August 15, 2005 (UTC)
* I strongly dislike having it at the top. I do not think it is a good idea to even have it on the main page. By making it to easy we encourage people to submit junk and cause reader who would have read our policies to ignore them. --Cspurrier 01:29, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
* We are still very low on the contributions side of things, and we've been getting concerns about our article growth, which is somewhat lacking. I think this prominent and easy way to contribute will help increase both our editor base and article submissions. -- NGerda 03:33, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
* This was a concern of mine too, I must admit. But then as I say, it was pointed out to me that we're hardly drowning under new stories, so I don't think it's going to make too much trouble for us. Don't underestimate how well people learn by example - they read our existing stories, get a feel for the style we write in; see how everything is sourced. I'm sure many (if not all) people write fully-sourced NPOV stories without going through all our policies and guidelines first. The fact that the box takes you to an edit page with the new article template already in it helps an awful lot. Dan100 (Talk) 08:37, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
* I like the new layout. Though imho, the OR box should come back somewhere below the fold. -- IlyaHaykinson 05:27, August 16, 2005 (UTC)
* I'll do that if it hasn't been done already Dan100 (Talk) 08:37, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
I thought it looked rather good there, though it does makes sense for it to be near developing stories to avoid duplication. I have no problem at all with it being on the main page, if people write something innapropriate they can be quickly shown how it should be done ClareWhite 08:52, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
Ok, sooo developing stories should be under the submit box? And, maybe a link to policy somewhere near there as well? Those ideas sound sound. I figure some folks want to read policies before they dare submit anyway.
Hmm, and is there any quick tutorial on how to use all the wierd templatey stuff that submit new page contains? Kim Bruning 16:39, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
* Yes Dan100 (Talk) 09:20, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
* I've made a few changes that should make that page easier to find Dan100 (Talk) 12:19, August 18, 2005 (UTC)
comment
This page is often dedicated to criticising the front page and suggesting redesigns but I just wanted to say how nice I think it looks today. The gay sheep story is a marvellous use of the third lead and the sidebar is prefectly in balance with the article list on my browser. Given that it is summer, we have a lot of really good stories without having to resort to the nonsense of the press in my part of the world. The new templates for developing and breaking news are very fresh and neat too. Well done everyone! ClareWhite 12:25, 16 August 2005 (UTC)
Nice work !Pfv2 02:25, 25 August 2005 (UTC)
error on Featured story: 'Rapper Kayne West' ?
Front page reads: ...on-air telethon, saying "George Bush doesn't care about black people and America is set up to help the poor, the black people, the less well-off as slow as possible."
The article reads: ...live on air, said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people," and "America is set up to help the poor, the black people, the less well-off as slow as possible." While saying...
The article is correct, to me it seems the front page is misquoting him.
* I'll fix it right now, but I encourage you to visit the Workspace where you can find links to edit the lead articles on the main page. -- User:NGerda 21:31, September 3, 2005 (UTC)
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Par, J&J's Ortho-McNeil settle dispute over painkiller
NEW YORK (MarketWatch) -- Par Pharmaceutical Cos, Woodcliff Lake, N.J., said it settled a licensing dispute and entered an agreement with Johnson & Johnson's Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Inc. The move, Par said, resolves patent litigation related to Ortho-McNeil's Ultracet treatment for short-term pain management. Par said it would pay Ortho-McNeil a royalty on sales of its generic tramadol/acetaminophen product through Nov. 15, 2007, "by which time Par will cease selling its generic product." Par will also pay Ortho-McNeil royalties on sales from August 2006 to June 2007.
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Page:Two Introductory Lectures on the Science of International Law.djvu/22
of the whole commonwealth or state in which he liveth. For as civil law, being the act of the whole body politic, doth overrule each several part of the same body, so there is no reason that any one commonwealth of itself should, to the prejudice of another, annihilate that whereupon the whole world has agreed.”
It is acknowledged by every one, in the language of Mr. Hallam, one of the latest and ablest of the numerous writers who have discussed the merits of the treatise of Grotius on the Right of War and Peace, that the publication of this work marked an epoch in the philosophical, and it may be said, in the political history of Europe. According to one of the letters of Grotius to Gassendi, quoted by Stewart, and alluded to by Barbeyrac, the scheme was suggested to him by Peirescius. Sir James Mackintosh couples with Peirescius the name of our great countryman Lord Bacon, as having by his advice contributed to the undertaking of so arduous a task. “It may be reckoned,” writes Mr. Hallam, “as a proof of the extraordinary diligence as well as quickness of parts which distinguished this writer, that it occupied a very short part of his life. He first mentions it in a letter to the younger Thuanus in August 1623, that he was employed in examining the principal questions which belong to the Law of Nations. In the same year he recommends the study of that law to another of his correspondents in terms which denote his own attention to it.” The work itself was published in Paris two years later, in 1625. It had been composed by its illustrious author in the house of the President de Mesmes near Senlis in France, whither he had retired on his escape from the fortress of Louvestein. The story of his wife’s devotion and
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Weldon Wyckoff
John Weldon Wyckoff (February 19, 1893 – May 8, 1961) was a professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of six seasons in Major League Baseball for the Philadelphia Athletics (1913–16) and Boston Red Sox (1917-18). Wyckoff batted and threw right-handed. In some baseball resources, he is referred as John Wyckoff.
Wyckoff attended Bucknell University and began his baseball career Wilmington in the Tri-State League in 1911. He joined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1913. His most productive season was in 1914, when he recorded career-highs with 11 wins and a 3.02 ERA. Wyckoff pitched in Game One of the World Series, surrendering a run on three hits and hitting a double in his lone career World Series plate appearance.
In 1916, he led the league with 22 losses, 165 walks and 14 wild pitches. He was sent to the Boston Red Sox in the 1916 midseason. Over parts of two seasons he appeared in only nine games and was released in 1917. He ended the year with the Buffalo Bisons of the International League and rejoined Boston in 1918, his last major league season, and retired to his taxicab business in Williamsport.
In his major league career, Wyckoff posted a 23–34 record with 299 strikeouts and a 3.55 ERA in 573.2 innings pitched.
Wyckoff died in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, at the age of 69.
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Museum of Neon Art
The Museum of Neon Art (MONA) is an institution that exists to encourage learning and curiosity through the preservation, collection, and interpretation of neon art. The first museum devoted to art that incorporates neon lighting, it exclusively exhibits art in electric media, including kinetic art and outstanding examples of historic neon signs. The collection includes neon signs from the Brown Derby and Grauman's Chinese Theatre.
For over 20 years Kim Koga was executive director, overseeing crucial moves of the institution and finding it a home in Glendale. In 2020 Corrie Siegel was appointed as executive director.
In addition to exhibitions and tours, the museum offers introductory classes in glass bending held in the museum's state-of-the-art studio.
Arts District (1981–1992)
MONA was founded in 1981 by Lili Lakich and Richard Jenkins in Downtown Los Angeles' Arts District.
Universal CityWalk (1993–1995)
In 1993, MONA moved to Universal CityWalk
Grand Hope Park (1996–2007)
In 1996, MONA moved to Grand Hope Park, in the South Park district of Downtown Los Angeles.
Historic Core (2008–2011)
In 2008, MONA moved to Downtown Los Angeles' Historic Core.
Glendale (since 2016)
The Historic Core location closed in 2011, and the museum reopened in Glendale, California in 2016.
MONA's Glendale facility was designed by Shimoda Design Group, and was adapted from two existing structures: a pharmacy and a video arcade. A public paseo, created through strategic demolition, bisects the site and draws visitors across a landscaped deck to Central Park and Central Library.
Collection
The museum holds numerous items, including neon art, clocks, photographs, and neon signs.
Some key objects in the Museum's collection include:
* Derby sign from Brown Derby (1929)
* "Rugs" sign from Pasadena Rug Mart, an early Armenian American-owned business (1930s)
* Dragon sign from Grauman's Chinese Theatre (1957)
* Animated sign from Body Builders Gym, a gay-friendly gym in Silver Lake, Los Angeles (1970s)
* Architectural sign from Man's Country, longest-running gay bathhouse in Chicago (1970s)
* Parking sign from Midtowne Spa, one of the oldest gay bathhouses in Los Angeles (1970s)
* Sign from Circus of Books, a bookstore and gay pornography store in West Hollywood (1980s)
Memorial to Armenian Genocide (2021)
A window-based public display in honor of Armenian History Month, marking the 106th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide.
Light in the Dark: Queer Narratives in Neon (2023)
In 2023, as part of the One Institute's Circa: Queer Histories Festival, MONA organized "Light in the Dark: Queer Narratives in Neon", featuring signs from LGBT businesses. Programming included a panel discussion with filmmaker Rachel Mason, sex educator Buck Angel, and GALAS LGBTQ+ Armenian Society.
Neon Night Walks
MONA offers guided walking tours through various Los Angeles County neighborhoods, including Glendale, Koreatown, Hollywood, the Broadway Theatre District, and Chinatown.
Neon Cruise
MONA offers double-decker bus tours, which depart from Downtown's Historic Core and visit locations including Chinatown and Hollywood.
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 66.djvu/112
108 Hydrographic Branch of the Geological Survey. With the acquisition of facts concerning the rivers of the west, their fluctuations, the opportunities for storage and for diverting the waters upon arid land, came a more definite appreciation of the importance of the whole subject. The people of the United States, stimulated by the irrigation congresses and Irrigation Association, urged upon their representatives in congress the enactment of a law recognizing the conditions.
One of the first acts of President Roosevelt was to recommend the passage of a national irrigation law, and the intelligent interest shown by the president in directing and furthering the efforts of other public men culminated finally in the passage of the Reclamation Act. This
places at the disposal of the secretary of the interior a fund which now amounts to nearly $25,000,000 and is steadily growing.
Immediately upon the passage of the Reclamation Act the secretary of the interior authorized the director of the Geological Survey to utilize the services of the men who had been studying the subject, and to add to their number from time to time other experienced men, selection being made from competitive civil service examination. By these means the Reclamation Service has been gradually built up in the Hydrographic Branch of the Geological Survey, until now it includes about 250 engineers of various grades and classes, including men of wide experience in constructing and consulting capacities.
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Hardware based OpenGL on Linux
173 ビュー (過去 30 日間)
Daniel Shub
Daniel Shub 2015 年 9 月 2 日
編集済み: Willie Smit 2021 年 3 月 4 日
I am unable to get hardware based OpenGL since the change to HG2 (i.e., R2014b and R2015a) on Linux. Prior to that, I can use hardware based OpenGL. Specifically,
>> opengl info
Version: '3.0 Mesa 10.6.5'
Vendor: 'Intel Open Source Technology Center'
Renderer: 'Mesa DRI Intel(R) Sandybridge Mobile '
MaxTextureSize: 8192
Visual: 'Visual 0xac, (RGBA 32 bits (8 8 8 8), Z depth 16 bits, Hardware acceleration, Double buffer, Antialias 4 samples)'
Software: 'true'
SupportsGraphicsSmoothing: 1
SupportsDepthPeelTransparency: 1
SupportsAlignVertexCenters: 1
Extensions: {199x1 cell}
MaxFrameBufferSize: 8192
I was expecting/wanting "Software" to be false.
$ ldd /opt/tmw/matlab/bin/glnxa64/glren.so | grep libGL
libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/libGL.so.1 (0x00007f0a3b871000)
libGLU.so.1 => /usr/lib/libGLU.so.1 (0x00007f0a3b5ef000)
suggests that MATLAB is finding the system libraries (which is what TMW says I want) and TMW confirms that the library versions libGL.so.1.2.0 and libGLU.so.1.3.1 are compatible. I have been in contact with TMW technical support and they have decided it is not a MATLAB issue despite
$ glxinfo | grep render
direct rendering: Yes
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Sandybridge Mobile
suggesting hardware based OpenGL is working outside MATLAB. I have done most of my testing on Arch Linux with an Intel graphics card, but have also tried ATI and Nvidia cards. I recently installed MATLAB into a Debian 7 chroot with the Intel card. Despite Debian 7 being listed as a supported OS, I still have no luck.
Can anyone get MATLAB R2014b/R2015a to use hardware based OpenGL on Linux? Any ideas of where I should look?
2 件のコメント
Maurizio
Maurizio 2016 年 5 月 4 日
I have the same problem with Matlab R2015a.
Version: '3.0 Mesa 10.1.3'
Vendor: 'Intel Open Source Technology Center'
Renderer: 'Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Desktop '
MaxTextureSize: 8192
Visual: 'Visual 0x20, (RGBA 32 bits (8 8 8 8), Z depth 16 bits, Hardware acceleration, Double buffer, Antialias 8 samples)'
Software: 'true'
SupportsGraphicsSmoothing: 1
SupportsDepthPeelTransparency: 1
SupportsAlignVertexCenters: 1
Extensions: {188x1 cell}
MaxFrameBufferSize: 8192
and the output
$ ldd /opt/Matlab/bin/glnxa64/glren.so | grep libGL
libGL.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1 (0x00007fb5c1c5f000)
libGLU.so.1 => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLU.so.1 (0x00007fb5c19f1000)
and
$ glxinfo | grep render
direct rendering: Yes
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Haswell Desktop
Did you find a way to solve it? Also, I would be interested if you encountered any other problems possibly related to the graphic card while plotting simple 2D graphs ((randomly) crash of Matlab, computer freezes, etc.)?
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回答 (3 件)
Willi Mutschler
Willi Mutschler 2020 年 4 月 12 日
Hi,
I am on Ubuntu 20.04 beta and running the nvidia on-demand prime profile, and get the same error. I can solve this (see the Archwiki) by starting matlab from terminal:
export MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965; matlab
Or (additionaly) you can change the EXEC in /usr/share/applications/matlab.desktop to:
Exec=env MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965 matlab -desktop
3 件のコメント
Willie Smit
Willie Smit 2021 年 3 月 4 日
export MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965; matlab
worked for me on Matlab 2019b and Ubuntu 20.04. Thanks WM.
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Rick Irons
Rick Irons 2016 年 5 月 4 日
In the three cases listed previously hardware accelerated versions of Mesa are in fact being used. The problem is that the value of the OpenGL info 'software' field is actually incorrect. This issue has been fixed in R2016a.
1 件のコメント
Daniel Shub
Daniel Shub 2016 年 5 月 4 日
Can you explain how you know that hardware acceleration is being used? Further, in my service request (01487101) I was told this was not a MATLAB issue. Now it seems TMW is saying it is a "bug", in fact one that has been fixed, yet I do not see anything in the bug reports.
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Willi Mutschler
Willi Mutschler 2020 年 4 月 26 日
I also ran into this issue on my Dell XPS 13 9360 which neither has a NVIDIA or AMD card, but an on-board intel graphics card.
I filed a bug report with MATHWORKS and they proposed two solutions:
1. Create a file with the name 'java.opts' in the directory where MATLAB is executed (for me this is in '/usr/local/MATLAB/R2020a/bin/glnxa64') with the following line: -Djogl.disable.openglarbcontext=1
2. If this does not work, then the above solution using export MESA_LOADER_DRIVER_OVERRIDE=i965 is working.
For me both solve my issue.
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Baghran
Baghrān (بغران) is a village and the district center of Baghran District in Helmand province, Afghanistan. It is located at 33.0669°N, 65.0917°W and at an altitude of 1,564 m. The population of Baghran and the nearest settlements is 26,724.
In 2005 the United States was funding a $2 million project to pave 700 meters of the Baghran's main road.
It is controlled by the Taliban, and has been called their "most secure stronghold".
Climate
Baghran features a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dsa) with hot summers and moderately cold winters.
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Page:Luther's correspondence and other contemporary letters 1521-1530.djvu/514
I shall finish the book on Marriage Laws * within three days. A Latin book on the Worship and Character of the Turks,* pub- lished almost seventy years ago, is in press. We have finished the corrections on the New Testament and more than half of it is printed ; after that we shall go back to translating the Prophets. Farewell and pray for me.
Yours, Martin Luther.
865. LUTHER TO CONRAD CORDATUS AT ZWICKAU. Enders, vii, 216. (Wiitenberg), January 3, 1530.
Grace and peace in the Lord. I congratulate you heartily, my dear Cordatus, that the birth of a son has made you a father. The Lord be with him that you may rejoice in him all your days. Amen. As soon as I can I will send you a cer- tificate accepting sponsorship for him, as you have asked, so that when your son grows up he, too, may have something to remember me by.
The papists are triumphing and scribbling, saying : A saviour is come, that is, the Emperor. But, alas, he is a hard saviour, and will swallow them up ! I believe you have heard that the Pope, with the Emperor's consent, has sent to CJermany two bishops— one of whom is the Bishop of Trent — ^bringing a de- cree that all the gold and silver in the churches of Germany is to be handed over to Ferdinand for use against the Turks.' If this is not enough (and what is enough for them?) then a third part of all the church revenues is to be added. If even this is not enough (and it cannot be enough for men who want to exhaust and destroy Germany), then they are to sell their castles and cities and all their possessions and hand the pro- ceeds over to Ferdinand, the victor and devourer. When this was read in the cathedral at Paderbom (now you will laugh !) one of the canons said, "The devil smite the Pope's body";* another said, "Now Dr. Martin will last another year." " The
' Von Ehesachen (Weimar, xxx,« T98fF.).
haps George of Hungary, a Dominican. Luther wrote a preface for the edition here mentioned. Weimar, xxx,* pp. i98fF.
* Dt Ritu et Moribuj Tuircorum, written 1475*86, by an unknown author, per-
•A bull to this effect, dated August 27. 1529. given to Pimpinella. Pastor-Kerr, X, 183.
^Dat de DUwel dem Bawest int Liejf fare.
■ So will Doctor Martinus noch tool tin Jahr bltihen.
�� �
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Preliminary U.S. January truck orders down 48 percent: FTR
CHICAGO (Reuters) - U.S. January Class 8 truck orders fell 48 percent on the year, preliminary data from freight transportation forecaster FTR showed, indicating that 2016 could be another weak year for truck makers. FTR estimated that orders for the heavy trucks that move goods around America’s highways totaled 18,062 units in January. This follows on from a full-year decline in 2015 of nearly 25 percent to 284,000 units from 276,000. “It is not looking to be a strong year,” for the market, FTR chief operating officer Jonathan Starks said in a statement. Amid uncertainty over U.S. economic growth and a lackluster performance for retailers in the fourth quarter, trucking companies have been holding back on buying new models. Reporting By Nick Carey; editing by Grant McCool
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Viruses, Trojans & Other Invaders
English Spanish
Education & Help
What you need to know about Internet invaders
Here's a top ten list of the most common ways intruders target your computer:
1. Hackers - A hacker is someone trying to gain unauthorized access to a computer or network.
2. Hijackers - Hijacking is a type of attack in which an attacker gets access to communication between two people or machines and then pretends to be one of them.
3. Viruses - Like many viruses that make you sick, computer viruses are easily spread. The term virus is used for a piece of computer code that attaches itself to a program or file so it can spread from computer to computer, usually meant to do damage to your software, hardware and files.
4. Worms - A worm, like a virus, is designed to copy itself from one computer to another, but it does so automatically.
5. Spyware - Spyware is software that performs certain behaviors, such as filling your screen with advertising popups (such programs are known as adware), collecting or transmitting personal information (through keystroke loggers), or changing the configuration of your computer, generally without your consent.
6. Malware - Malware is short for "malicious software" that is designed to cripple your computer or destroy your information.
7. Trojan horses - Like the Trojan horse of old, when soldiers hide inside a fake statue to attack the city of Troy, today's Trojan horses hide malicious software within other seemingly harmless software.
8. KeyLogger - a piece of software which captures a user's strokes on a computer keyboard. This software can be distributed through a trojan horse or virus to hack into an capture private information from an unsuspecting user.
9. Bots - A bot is a type of malware which allows an attacker to perform actions using your computer, usually without your knowledge.
10. Botnets - Botnets are composed of individual bots-sometimes numbering in the hundreds of thousands. They are then used to distribute spam e-mail, spread viruses, and attack other computers and servers.
What you should do to stop invaders
Prevention is the best way to avoid intruders. Here's what to do to help keep your computer safe and secure.
• Make sure your anti-virus software is up-to-date. Software providers are constantly updating for newly identified threats, and most update automatically.
• Use a firewall to screen out invaders and help make your computer invisible to hackers. Learn more about firewalls »
• Keep your computer up-to-date by enabling the automatic update feature of your operating system. Current versions of the most common operating systems have built-in features that help protect against intruders.
• Be suspicious of attachments. They're an easy way for viruses and malware to spread. Never open an attachment in an e-mail, instant message or mobile message unless you know exactly what the attachment is, even if it's from someone that you know.
Get Protection with Constant Guard®
Not only does Constant Guard® help protect your personal information, it also includes top-rated Norton™ Security Suite to help defend your computer against viruses and trojans. Plus, Constant Guard® includes other services like IDENTITY GUARD® to help protect your identity.
Learn More about Constant Guard »
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Reconstruction talk:Proto-Indo-European/múh₂s
Why do we reconstruct this with *h₂? --Tropylium (talk) 13:11, 29 April 2017 (UTC)
* Because of what the Germans call Systemzwang. Having established laryngeals, some try to insert them everywhere. Cheers <IP_ADDRESS> 20:55, 10 November 2023 (UTC)
* I could be missing something since my last class in the subject was three and a half decades ago, but- I don't think it's a matter of whether there's a laryngeal, but of which laryngeal. Compensatory lengthening of the vowel due to the loss of a consonant between it and the "s" would explain the long vowels in the descendants. The problem is that this particular environment doesn't seem to result in different outcomes for *h₂ as opposed to *h₁ OR *h₃, so how can we tell that it's *h₂? Chuck Entz (talk) 00:25, 11 November 2023 (UTC)
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Aavani Kanavukal
Aavani Kanavukal (1997) is a Malayalam studio album by Bombay Ravi. The lyrics for this album was penned by Yusuf Ali Kecheri.
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User:Rusyjyh
Hello Everyone!=== ====== I created this page for editing in Wikipedia.And I had desire to create some articles about something.Never mine!Let me introduce about myself.
* citizenship = earth
Hello Everyone!
I created this page for editing in Wikipedia.
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NoSQL, NewSQL highly scalable databases
“NewSQL” is the 451 Groups shorthand for the various new scalable/high performance SQL database vendors. They have previously referred to these products as ‘ScalableSQL’ to differentiate them from the incumbent relational database products. Since this implies horizontal scalability, which is not necessarily a feature of all the products, they adopted the term ‘NewSQL’ in a new report.
The new thing about the NewSQL vendors is the vendor, not the SQL.
So who would be consider to be the NewSQL vendors? Like NoSQL, NewSQL is used to describe a loosely-affiliated group of companies (ScaleBase has done a good job of identifying, some of the several NewSQL sub-types) but what they have in common is the development of new relational database products and services designed to bring the benefits of the relational model to distributed architectures, or to improve the performance of relational databases to the extent that horizontal scalability is no longer a necessity.
In the first group they would include (in no particular order) Clustrix, GenieDB, ScalArc, Schooner, VoltDB, RethinkDB, ScaleDB, Akiban, CodeFutures, ScaleBase, Translattice, and NimbusDB, as well as Drizzle, MySQL Cluster with NDB, and MySQL with HandlerSocket. The latter group includes Tokutek and JustOne DB. The associated “NewSQL-as-a-service” category includes Amazon Relational Database Service, Microsoft SQL Azure, Xeround, Database.com and FathomDB.
SPRAINed Databases
NoSQL, NewSQL and Beyond: The answer to SPRAINed relational databases
SPRAIN, used in the above graphic, is an acronym that refers to the six key factors driving the adoption of alternative data management technologies to traditional relational databases that are being ‘sprained’ as a result of being stretched beyond their normal capacity by the needs of high-volume, highly distributed or highly complex applications.
Those six key drivers, and their associated sub-drivers, are as follows:
Scalability – hardware economics
Performance – MySQL limitations
Relaxed consistency – CAP theorem
Agility – polyglot persistence
Intricacy – big data, total data
Necessity – open source
A selection of some of the key findings:
* The database market remains dominated by relational databases and the incumbent industry giants, but the emergence of NoSQL and NewSQL alternatives has in part been driven by the inability of these products to address emerging distributed and schema-less data management requirements.
* Polyglot persistence, and the associated trend toward polyglot programming, is driving developers toward making use of multiple database products depending on which might be suitable for a particular task.
* The NoSQL projects were developed in response to the failure of existing suppliers to address the performance, scalability and flexibility requirements of large-scale data processing, particularly for Web and cloud computing applications.
* NewSQL and data-grid products have emerged to meet similar requirements among enterprises, a sector that is now also being targeted by NoSQL vendors.
* While NoSQL is seen as a software innovation prompted by the need to deal with large volumes of data, the software innovation was a direct response to the improved performance of commodity hardware clusters and the ability to spread data storage and processing across that hardware.
Changing hardware economics mean that distributed server architecture is increasingly being adopted in traditional enterprise environments. The emergence of NewSQL providers is a direct response to the increasing need for scalable data management products to make more efficient use of this architecture.
Distributed data-grid/cache products are increasingly being positioned as potential alternatives to relational databases as the primary platform for distributed data management, with a relational database relegated to a supporting role.
If you liked this article, please give it a quick review on ycombinator or StumbleUpon. Thanks
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Slow Your Roll
Diesel World January 2016
by Justin Fivella
Installing the SpeedBrake on a Duramax (With Gale Banks!)
Just a few short years ago, the thought of 600 hp and 1000 lb-ft. of torque in a daily driven street diesel was unimaginable. But thanks to the marvels of technology, not only is this kind of Insane power possible, It only takes a handful of mods and a weekend with a capable group of friends.
Funny thing is, everyone talks about adding big power and having the capability of towing more than four times the weight of their trucks, but seldom do owners talk about slowing all that mass down. That’s right, your big-power rig might be able to yank a 20,000 pound trailer up the steepest of grades, but what about on the backside? Are your brakes cooked, pedal mashed to the floor, causing you to white-knuckle your way to a runoff spot? While that might be a bit of an overstatement (since most modern brake systems are capable of hauling down sizeable loads in most conditions) how much is really left in reserve? In a panic situation, do you have enough to safely slow down your truck and trailer? What if you could distribute some of the deceleration forces away from the brakes and into the engine and drivetrain? As it turns out, it’s possible to do so with modern Duramax and Power Stroke-equipped trucks.
MUCH MORE THAN EXHAUST BRAKES
As l’m sure you already know, exhaust brakes can be quite effective at scrubbing speed. In most cases, an exhaust brake is a pneumatically controlled valve placed in the exhaust system that can increase backpressure and thus decelerate forces. But as effective as exhaust brakes are, traditionally they’re either on or off,” which means there’s very little modulation. According to John Espino of Banks, as far back at the late 90s, Banks was experimenting with improving the braking performance of street-driven diesels, and although they made a great exhaust brake at the time, they were looking for the ultimate fix and quickly realized that a traditional exhaust brake just wasn’t going to cut it:
“We came up with the idea of using the brake for more than on or off’ braking by creating the methodology of using the brake as an active component that would regulate downhill speed and the braking intensity based on a set speed point the driver selects.” he said.
OK, so they wanted to incorporate an all-encompassing braking system for street driven trucks, but how did they go from concept to reality? Our first prototype was for the Ford Power Stroke equipped with a 7.3-liter engine. The electronics we created were extensive. and rather complicated. Since this effort predated CAN we had to use a lot of wiretapping to get the signals we needed to make it function correctly. It worked awesome. moving the back exhaust pressure valve constantly to regulate speed and the amount of braking force…but at a cost of around 20 wire taps. Thats 20 taps that can lose connection. or be Installed incorrectly. It was a great idea that worked well but just wasn’t commercial. We needed technology to catch up with what we were thinking,” Espino said.
DIFFERENT BY DESIGN
Although it took the OEMs a decade to catch up. when stock diesels started arriving with variable vein turbos from the factory it meant that Banks’ goal of providing a comprehensive braking system could finally come to fruition. The SpeedBrake ls purely electronic and plugs directly into factory connections, and through the Banks lQs touch screen. The user can set the target speed that they feel comfortable with when heading down a greade, and the SpeedBrake will work to keep the truck and its load in that zone. Think of it as downhill,” Espino said.The SpeedBrake works by reading signals from the CANBUS, varying the vane position (on the turbo since the Duramax uses variable vanes) to provide optimal engine backpressure, controls the transmission to shift to the best gear for any braking situation (without building excessive RPMs) and locks the torque convener all to optimize the braking performance that you set,” he added. You get the point, it uses many different parameters like the turbo the transmission and the torque converter to help slow downhill speed. But what does this mean from the drivers seat? Well, it means that not only can the driver set a downhill speed that the truck will then adhere to without having to monitor the brakes, but in the event the driver wants even more braking performance beyond stepping on the brake pedal harder, the SpeedBrake settings can be cranked up to more aggressive parameters so that the engine, turbo and drivetrain help to further scrub speed.
EASY INSTALL
As were come to expect from Banks, the installation of the SpeedBrake was nice and simple. In our case, wed previously installed a SixGun tuner, which meant the SpeedBrake was a plug-and play affair, but for those who don’t have a Six-Gun,the SpeedBrake can also be Installed as a freestanding unit. Although we must admit, that in order to take full advantage of the SpeedBrakes options and the many handy features the Six-Gun has to offer (user-set speed, coolant and transmission temp alerts, live fuel economy and full control over the SpeedBrake) it’s in your best interest to pair it with the SlxGun. As for the actual installation, we paid a visit to Stanton Performance in Martinez. California, for a tidy and thorough install. Owner Jeremy Stanton had our 2006 Chevrolet Silverado 2500 In and out In a few hours thanks to his expertise coupled with the detailed instructions and the plug-and-play nature of the product.
TRAIL TALES
Having used the SpeedBrake for several weeks now, we had no Idea how we towed without the SpeedBrake the first time we were hooked up to a head load. Seriously, If not for the incredible downhill speed settings that allow one to set it and forget it, the fact we can dial in the aggressiveness of the settings for descent levels or payload makes this product invaluable. We were already fans of the iQ tuner since it gave us control over the CAN-BUS system on the truck, but now that we can also control our downhill speed with the poke of a button, we’re beyond impressed. The Installation was simple, the product works flawlessly. And now we can hold safe road speeds on hills without cooking the brakes or excessive RPMs. If some individual had told us the SpeedBrake worked this well, prior to our testing, we would have called him a dreamer. But now that were tried it first hand. You can call us believers.
1. The Banks SpeedBrake comes with everything needed to slow your Duramax in a hurry, even a CARB sticker, all the necessary wiring. thorough Instructions and the PCM unit.
2. Heres the brains behind the SpeedBrake, and it mounts safely under the hood. The SpeedBrake can be used as a freestanding unit or for even more control, it can be connected to the Banks iQ tuner.
3. A quality unit is nothing without a proper infrastructure, so Banks goes to great lengths to create OEM-quality harnesses that can stand the abuse and are cut to exact dimensions.
4. The SpeedBrake plugs directly Into the OBDII port of the Duramax so that it can communicate with the CAN-BUS system.
5. We turned to Stanton Performance for the Install, and owner Jeremy Stanton had the SpeedBrake Installed In a couple of hours. After disconnecting the negative from the battery terminals. He began the install by removing this support bracket to gain access to the fuse panel.
6. To gain access to the fuse panel. the cover must follow the removal of the panel bolts, so the fuse panel can be lifted up and out of the way.
7. Underneath the fuse panel, you’ll find this OEM connector. The Banks harness will need to be plugged inline.
8. Next, you’ll want to install the Banks grounding ring connector to this ground bolt below the fuse box.
9. Now you’ll need to plug the Banks connectors inline between these two OEM connectors underneath the fuse box.
10. Banks makes it easy to tap the appropriate wires in the fuse box with the supplied wiretaps and clearly marked instructions. After the appropriate wires are tapped, simply slide the fuse-box cover back on.
11. Don’t forget to plug the main SpeedBrake harness cables into the appropriate OEM plugs. The quality of the Banks connectors is unparalleled.
12. Now its time to go fishing-for wires that is! Actually, lt’s time to feed the Banks connector into the cab so that it can be plugged Into the dash-mounted iQ unit.
13. We taped the wires to some rigid mechanics wire and fed It through a rubber grommet on the firewall.
14. Now the optional Tuner-to-SpeedBrake cable can be plugged into the supplied OBDII interface cable.
15. Next, move underneath the truck and find the main transmission harness connector on the backside of the transmission: Unplug It.
16. After routing the Banks Transmission intercepting Cable down to the back of the transmission, plug the connector inline and safely mount the harness out of harms way.
17. Next we move under the hood to mount the SpeedBrake with the supplied Velcro adhesive strips to the fuse box. Note that we’d already mounted the Banks iQ on the top of the box, so we secured the SpeedBrake to the side.
18. Using the Banks 10 tuner. we can now control the SpeedBrake and the engine tuning settings on our Duramax with a few pokes of a button. How’s that for Integration?
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Talk:Shishir Parkhie
Untitled
This should be deleted. Not notable, and advertising.
Biography
Shishir has regaled and enthralled his audience across the country and abroad through his soulful and unique style of singing. With rich, highly emotive, beautifully timbered, sonorously resonant mellifluous voice ; Shishir owns an enduring Aura of Charm, respectability and a multifaceted personality. Having an experience of more than 2000 live show performances, Shishir excels in various forms of music ranging from Ghazals, Bhajans, Hindi Film Songs to regional music. Nearly 100 audio cassettes / Audio CDs / Video CDs in various categories have been released by regional as well as reputed music companies like T-Series, Venus, Mystica Music, Bihaan Music etc. He has lent his voice and composed music for several Jingles as well as for various television serials. He is specialized in total conceptualization & production of musical theme shows, commercial jingles and audio / video music albums.
Life Sketch
Shishir was born in a family with musical background hence he was exposed to music right from Childhood. Mother Smt Pratima Parkhie, B.A., MFA, Music and Sangeet Visharad is a famous vocalist Music teacher and a graded artist of All India Radio since last 35 Yrs. Father Late Shri Sharad Parkhie who was a Chief Architect at Bokaro, SAIL, also was a good music Composer and a great Music Lover, hence both parents were a great source of inspiration.
Shishir started learning vocal music and tabla at the age of six years and set foot on the stage soon after walking away with prizes and awards in several music competitions for Various Categories. He was invited to perform at the National Concert held by AIR during the international year of child. He performed for his first solo Ghazal concert at the age of 15 years. Performed on AIR as a child artiste, followed by Yuva Vani & now an approved & graded artist of All India Radio and Doordarshan. Appeared on National network on several occasions for different musical programs. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ghazal77 (talk • contribs) 06:53, 22 June 2012 (UTC)
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Page:Tales of my landlord (Volume 3).djvu/260
firmness a heavy fire from the defenders, they forced their way, in spite of opposition, to the first barricade by which the avenue was defended. They were led on by Balfour in person, who displayed courage equal to his enthusiasm, and, in spite of every opposition, forced the barricade, killing and wounding several of the defenders, and compelling the rest to retreat to their second position. The precautions, however, of Major Bellenden, rendered this success unavailing, for no sooner were the Covenanters in possession. of the post, than a close and destructive fire was poured into it from the Castle, and from those stations which commaned it in the rear. Having no means of protecting themselves from this fire, or of returning it with effect against men who were under cover of their barricades and defences, the Covenanters were obliged to retreat; but not until they had, with their axes, destroyed the stockade, so as to render it impossible for the defenders to reoccupy it.
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WIKI
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Adding Custom Back-end Actions
The task for the custom action is defined as compound tasks. For example, helloworlds.custom
Step 1: View File
You can add the custom toolbar button in the view file as follows:
JToolbarHelper::custom('helloworlds.custom', 'ok', 'ok', 'Custom Button', false);
Now, Joomla will look for the custom() function in the subcontroller file: admin/controllers/helloworlds.php
Step 2: Subcontroller File
You can extend the class with JControllerLegacy, JControllerAdmin or JControllerForm. For example,
class <component_name>Controller<subcontroller_name> extends JControllerForm
{
}
Next, define the custom() function. This function gets the data or information from either the GET request or POST request or both. Then, it gets the model and passes the data to the required function of the model. Then, it sets a message and finally sets a redirect.
public function custom()
{
$input = JFactory::getApplication()->input;
$id = $input->get('id', '0', 'INT');
$recs = $input->get('cid', 'array()', 'ARRAY');
$nrecs = $input->get('boxchecked', '0', 'INT');
$model = $this->getModel('custom', 'HelloWorldModel');
$model->custom($recs);
$this->setMessage('Message.');
$this->setRedirect(JRoute::_('index.php?option=com_helloworld&view=helloworlds', false));
}
The getModel() function is defined in the JControllerLegacy class. Its arguments are name and prefix.
Step 3: Model File
The model performs any required operations on the data. Here, you can use JTable for handling database queries.
You can extend the model class with JModelLegacy, JModelForm, JModelAdmin, JModelList or JModelItem.
public function custom($recs)
{
$table = $this->getTable('HelloWorld', 'HelloWorldTable');
foreach($recs as $id)
{
$table->delete($id);
}
}
The getTable() function is defined in the JModelLegacy class. Its arguments are name and prefix.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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The 50 best jobs in America in 2017
The tech industry doesn't just offer its workers the best perks. It has the top positions in America right now. That's according to a new ranking of the best jobs in America for 2017 released today by the recruiting website Glassdoor. Data scientist is the best job in America this year, according to the report. For the ranking, Glassdoor weighed three factors: Average annual salary, an overall job-satisfaction rating based on a five-point scale, and the number of job openings available for that particular occupation. Here is the full list of the 50 best jobs in America. (And here is a more detailed look at the top 15.) Number of Job Openings: 4,184Median Base Salary: $110,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,725Median Base Salary: $110,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,599Median Base Salary: $106,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,317Median Base Salary: $110,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,958Median Base Salary: $112,000 Number of Job Openings: 4,339Median Base Salary: $85,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,877Median Base Salary: $93,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,184Median Base Salary: $130,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,691Median Base Salary: $92,500 Number of Job Openings: 2,232Median Base Salary: $125,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,875Median Base Salary: $90,000 Number of Job Openings: 14,897Median Base Salary: $72,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,887Median Base Salary: $98,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,643Median Base Salary: $78,000 Number of Job Openings: 15,634Median Base Salary: $100,000 Number of Job Openings: 17,085 Median Base Salary: $101,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,858 Median Base Salary: $60,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,270 Median Base Salary: $100,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,142 Median Base Salary: $116,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,383 Median Base Salary: $76,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,332 Median Base Salary: $82,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,531 Median Base Salary: $92,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,756 Median Base Salary: $75,400 Number of Job Openings: 6,710 Median Base Salary: $77,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,104 Median Base Salary: $100,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,130 Median Base Salary: $85,000 Number of Job Openings: 4,046 Median Base Salary: $68,000 Number of Job Openings: 3,946 Median Base Salary: $56,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,968 Median Base Salary: $66,000 Number of Job Openings: 954 Median Base Salary: $108,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,605 Median Base Salary: $62,400 Number of Job Openings: 5,536 Median Base Salary: $107,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,955 Median Base Salary: $70,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,610 Median Base Salary: $200,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,219 Median Base Salary: $70,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,004 Median Base Salary: $65,200 Number of Job Openings: 1,006 Median Base Salary: $92,850 Number of Job Openings: 3,392 Median Base Salary: $82,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,247 Median Base Salary: $100,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,504 Median Base Salary: $70,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,464 Median Base Salary: $70,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,009 Median Base Salary: $93,000 Number of Job Openings: 950 Median Base Salary: $80,000 Number of Job Openings: 2,652 Median Base Salary: $130,000 Number of Job Openings: 862 Median Base Salary: $80,150 Number of Job Openings: 937 Median Base Salary: $90,000 Number of Job Openings: 837 Median Base Salary: $83,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,050 Median Base Salary: $66,000 Number of Job Openings: 24,579 Median Base Salary: $70,000 Number of Job Openings: 1,944 Median Base Salary: $85,000 The full Glassdoor report can be found here.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Adummim
Adummim (אֲדֻמִּים) is a place-name mentioned in the biblical Book of Joshua in connection with the ascent of Adummim.
Location
Adummim was apparently on the road between Jerusalem and Jericho in the Judaean desert, today in the West Bank. It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua as being "on the south side of the stream", which Matthew Easton (1897) identified with Wadi Kelt, and across from Gilgal or/and Geliloth. Easton claimed that it was nearly halfway between Jerusalem and Jericho, and now bears the name of Tal'at ed-Dumm. More recently, Pekka Pitkänen (2010) has stated that "The location of Adummim is unclear."
The "ascent of Adummim" is a very important historical road that leads up from Jericho towards Jerusalem, following the top of a ridge that forms the southern bank of Wadi Qelt and separates it from Wadi Tal'at ad-Damm.
Name
The name Adummim is related to אָדֹם adom, the Hebrew word for "red", and can be translated as "red places", which may refer to the reddish streaks found in the stone of the area. The red-brown hills of the area on the road descending from Jerusalem to Jericho are made of iron-oxide-tinged limestone. The Ascent of Adummim was known as the "Ascent of Blood" by the Crusaders.
Sources outside the Bible
The name is attested in the Annals of Thutmose III at Temple of Karnak as Atamem, which Mariette, Rougé, Maspero, Müller, Borchardt and Budge identify with the biblical Adummim.
In Christianity
It is supposed to have been the place referred to in the parable of the Good Samaritan. The so-called Inn of the Good Samaritan has been named based on this assumption.
St George's Monastery (Wadi Qelt)
A lavra established in the 420s in Wadi Qelt and reorganised as a monastery around the year 500 became known as St George's Monastery. Rebuilt since the 19th century, it hangs spectacularly from the cliffs on the south side of the wadi, across from the ridge rising from the Plain of Jericho towards Jerusalem and known as the "ascent of Adummim".
Inn of the Good Samaritan (Khan al-Hatruri)
Another khan built along the Ascent of Adummim, the Good Samaritan Inn, known in Arabic both as Khan al-Hatruri, and sometimes, quite confusingly (see the other khan mentioned above), as Khan al-Ahmar, stands 4 km east of the Highway 1-Route 417 junction. Eusebius mentions the Late Roman fort of Maledomni, whose traces have disappeared under the Templar castle of Maldoim (see below). Under the protection of the fortified place, a caravanserai was established. In its present shape it was built in 1903.
In the Early Byzantine period, there seems to have been a fortress at the site (4th-5th century), replaced in the 6th century by a square-shaped hostel, erected around a central courtyard, providing Christian pilgrims with rooms, water from a central cistern, and a large church for worship.
The recently restored complex holds a museum of mosaics excavated by Israeli archaeologists in the Palestinian areas, and a wing dedicated to the history and customs of the Samaritans.
Templar castle of Maldoim
Across the modern highway from the Inn of the Good Samaritan/Khan al-Hatruri, are the archaeological remains of a medieval castle known to the Crusaders as Maldoim, Adumim, or Rouge Cisterne / Cisterna Rubea (Red Cistern), among other names. In Arabic it is known as Qal'at ad-Damm, "Blood Castle". It was built by the Templars before 1169/72, probably at the site of a Late Roman fort, to protect the road between Jerusalem and Jericho. It stands at the top of the "Ascent of Blood", as the Ascent of Adummim was known to the Crusaders.
Monastery of St Euthymius (Khan al-Ahmar)
The Byzantine Monastery of St. Euthymius, founded at first as a lavra-type monastic community by Saint Euthymius the Great in 420 along the Ascent of Adummim, played a major role in the development of desert monasticism in Palestine, and in the spread of Chalcedonian orthodoxy in the country after the 451 Church Council. Fallen into ruin, it was rebuilt in the Crusader period, only to be abandoned again after its destruction at the beginning of the Mamluk period in the 13th century by Sultan Baybars. The structure was repurposed as a caravanserai or hhan for Muslim pilgrims travelling from Jerusalem to Mecca via the nearby shrine of Nabi Musa, and became known as Khan al-Ahmar, the "Red Khan".
Monastery of Martyrius
The Monastery of Martyrius (5th–7th century), excavated in the centre of Ma'ale Adummim at a site known in Arabic as Khirbet el-Murassas, was an important Byzantine centre of monastic life in the Judaean desert.
Other places in the area
The area is accessible via Israel Highway 1.
* Khan al-Ahmar, Palestinian village named after the khan. A number of Bedouin encampments centered around a larger one are collectively known as Khan al-Ahmar.
* Ma'ale Adummim, the largest Israeli settlement in the West Bank, and its industrial park, Mishor Adummim, were named after biblical Adummim
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WIKI
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Talk:Bipyridine
New article on 2,2'-bipy
I propose to move a lot of this material to a new page entitled 2,2'-bipyridine, which would be enhanced. My thinking is that we will have a ton of material on the 2,2' isomer which would make finding info on other isomers difficult. Also the ChemBox is impossible if we need to list data for all six isomers. In a sense the current bipyridine page would become a disambiguation site, with notes on all isomers. Eventually it is likely that someone will create a 4,4'-bipyridine article (there is already paraquat).. Please leave comments here if you object or have views on my proposal.--Smokefoot 16:21, 8 October 2006 (UTC)
* Done see 2,2'-bipyridine. If you have any advice or comments, please let me know.--Smokefoot 04:02, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
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3 High-Yield Value REITs to Consider
InvestorPlaceInvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips
With the stock market near all-time highs and interest rates near all-time lows, investors are looking outside of typical stocks for returns.
Source: m01229 via Flickr
Real estate is one popular alternative, and Equity Residential (NYSE: EQR ), Prologis Inc (NYSE: PLD ) and Ventas, Inc. (NYSE: VTR ) are three of the best high-yield value Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) in the market today.
REIT Valuations Are Unique
Value investors know that the price-to-earnings ratio is the traditional starting point for determining whether or not a stock is cheap. REITs, however, require a bit more analysis.
7 Dividend Stocks That Owe You More Money
Instead of measuring a REIT's earnings per share, traders instead look for a metric called funds from operations (FFO). FFO is calculated using the following formula:
FFO = net income + depreciation + amortization - gains on sales of property
For most companies, assets depreciate in value overtime. For REITs, the opposite is often true - property values tend to increase over time. FFO corrects for this phenomenon. In addition, FFO smooths out the earnings fluctuations that happen as a result of the buying and selling of properties.
Real estate investors can consider a REIT's FFO per share analogous to a stock's EPS. In that respect, P/FFO per share is the REIT equivalent of P/E ratio.
The REIT Baselines
The iShares Dow Jones US Real Estate (ETF) (NYSE: IYR ) is a popular exchange-traded fund that owns only shares of REITs. The fund's top 10 holdings make up more than 35% of its overall portfolio. The average P/FFO per share among these top 10 holdings is currently 18.5.
REIT traders can use this number as a baseline for determining which REITs are trading at a discounted valuation and which ones are trading at a premium valuation.
Of course, a major part of a REIT's appeal is also its yield. REITs are required to distribute at least 90% of earnings to shareholders in the form of dividends. That rule typically results in some appealing yields for investors, especially in the current low-interest-rate environment.
The 30-day SEC yield is 3.2%, much higher than the S&P 500 average yield of 2%.
Best Value REITs
Using the value metrics mentioned above, EQR, PLD and VTR are three of the best value REITs in the market. Though none of them are exceptionally high yield, they all offer yields above 3%.
VTR is a healthcare REIT that owns properties in three business segments: triple-net leased properties, senior living properties and medical office buildings (MOBs). VTR's current P/FFO per share is only 15.6 and its dividend yield is 4%.
PLD is a REIT that owns buildings that serve sectors such as automotive, transportation, pharmaceuticals and general consumer goods. The REIT's current P/FFO per share is only 13, and the REIT yields 3.2%.
Facebook Inc (FB) Could Be a Video Game Royalty
Finally, EQR is a REIT that focuses on the acquisition, development and management of apartment properties in core metropolitan areas like Boston, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, Southern California and Washington, D.C. The REIT has a minuscule P/FFO per share of only 5.2, and its dividend yield is 3.1 %.
Of course, much like P/E ratio, REIT investors should remember that FFO growth is an important factor to consider as well. However, at today's prices, VTR, PLD and EQR certainly seem to be some of the cheapest high-yield real estate investment options.
As of this writing, Wayne Duggan did not hold a position in any of the aforementioned securities.
More From Invest0rPlace
The Best ETFs: A Special Report
7 Rare Value Stocks in This Overpriced Market
The post 3 High-Yield Value REITs to Consider appeared first on InvestorPlace .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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User:Akhil kadamkode
Love...? What is love ?it is the flow cool breeze into your sparkling mind....if you fall into love you can see that you are enjoying every second.. If you huggs your partner with pure love your all the mind bursting tension will go out..love is the most beautiful word in a dictionary...so. Fall in pure LOVE... Love you all...💙💚💚💓❤❤❤❤❤💖💖💖💗💗💗💙💙💙💙💙❤
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Talk:grudge
Was there also a meaning of to allow reluctantly? <IP_ADDRESS> 06:46, 4 June 2016 (UTC)
* That's another way of putting sense 1 which we already have. Equinox ◑ 15:43, 4 June 2016 (UTC)
(transitive) envy
To feel resentful or envious about (someone else's success, possessions, etc); begrudge: I don't grudge her her good fortune. https://www.wordreference.com/definition/grudge --Backinstadiums (talk) 20:45, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
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Talk:Killiney Castle
Image
Hey @Guliolopez, which image do we use? The initial one seemed to me clearer, since it was head-on. Your picture it is more distant, and looks kind of like a field rather than castle. I don't know.
Also, You could find some references in the directories and other publications, like I have... Orastor (talk) 14:55, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Hi @Orastor. Thanks for your note. In terms of the:
* IMAGE - I don't think it's a question of "either/or". There can be several images in an article. In terms of what image should be the first one in the article, I would personally favour an actual photograph. As it is perhaps more representative of what the subject actually looks like. Rather than, say, a subjective (and perhaps not especially representative) 19th century image. I have, FYI, changed to a slightly cropped version of the image - which perhaps contains less sky, less field and more "castle". (FYI - I note that the File:Killiney Castle.jpg image you uploaded to Commons contains a (promotional?) watermark. I'm not sure what that watermark is "for". But consider reading COM:Watermarks#Unacceptable watermarks.)
* REFERENCES - I'm not entirely sure what you mean by "You could find some references in the directories and other publications, like I have", but if you are (for example) referring to the fact that I tagged some statements in the article with tags requesting inline citations, I would refer you to WP:VER and WP:BURDEN. It is not up to me (or any other reader or editor) to search for references in directories or publications. The references (which support the text) should be added to the article by the editor (who adds that text). It perhaps isn't/wasn't your intent, but "go look for refs yourself" isn't in keeping with related norms.
* TAGS - As I have you, you will note that I tagged a few areas as needing additional context and refs. When we say, for example, that the "[obelisk] is in relation to the castle", what do we mean? In relation to it how? Commissioned by one of the castle's owners/occupiers? Built by the same architect/builder? Constructed on the castle's demesne? What? Similarly, when we state that "Killiney Castle was said to have the best sea and land view in Ireland", who is it who said this? (Per MOS:AWW and WP:ATTRIBUTEPOV, subjective opinions should be attributed to someone. Or, at the very least, a book/work - where it is clear that it's a quote.) Hopefully you can also help address the tags I placed on the phrases "it seems [he retained possession]" and "The Vico did not open until 1889". As, absent inline refs, it is not possible to address the clarity issues here. (What is "the Vico"? To whom does "it seem"? I can't, for example, change this to "according to [census/land/busines/historical records], he retained possession" because no inline ref, identifying the record/source is provided)....
* Thanks again! Guliolopez (talk) 15:19, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Thank you, @Guliolopez for everything. I will try to find some more references, but am unsure how to address the other grammar or unclear sentences. Orastor (talk) 15:36, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Wow, @Guliolopez!! This is amazing, thank you so much! Orastor (talk) 15:55, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
Hi. In addition to my questions about the basis for the editorial flourishes above ("it seems", "Without a doubt", "said to have") I'm having problems helping clarify/fix some other issues here. For example: Can you confirm please what sources these passages are based upon? So others can review and help ensure the text matches the source AND still makes sense. Thanks. Guliolopez (talk) 17:37, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* "In 1870, the accident happened late". What are we talking about here? What accident? Late when? Late in 1870? December 1870? What are we talking about?
* "[Warren's] wealth was wasted on unproductive endeavours". What are we talking about here? What endeavours? Failed investments? Big parties? Building follies? Something else? What?
* Done. Orastor (talk) 17:51, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Eh. Respectfully I'm not sure those issues are fully addressed.
* In terms of the sentence itself ("A large portion of this wealth was wasted on unproductive endeavors, as a major benefactor of the church"), it is unclear what one thing has to do with the other. What's the connection with "being a benefactor of the church" and "wealth was wasted on unproductive endeavors"? Also, still, what are/were the "unproductive endeavors"?
* In terms of the source, and per WP:RSPYT, many YouTube videos are self-published and therefore considered WP:UGC. Ideally the YouTuber's original sources would be used instead.
* In terms of the change from "It seems" to "It is evident", this hasn't solved the issue at all. Evident based on WHAT? What records/sources? Just stating that something is "evident" or "clear" or whatever falls within the bounds of MOS:OP-ED.
* Thanks. Guliolopez (talk) 18:04, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Then I have no idea. I've poured out my knowledge of it, anything further is beyond me. Orastor (talk) 19:42, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
Orastor is a blocked sockpuppet of the problematic user User:Oatsandcream, who's prone to copyright violations, hoaxes about their family, and occasionally faking images to prove a point or make a joke. I've struck their comments. --Belbury (talk) 10:07, 16 February 2024 (UTC)
Construction
Should clarify here; according to the history article, Talbots of Malahide had the land for 1 Goshawk in 1218 (known and Rochestown Estate?) because they were Nromans, and the crown granted them land on the borders of the Pale. (What is it?)
In 1740 John Malpas claimed the land to build 3 houses on the hill. Orastor (talk) 17:57, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Hi. RE:
* "the borders of the Pale. (What is it?)". The Pale is The Pale. That part of Ireland (mostly just Dublin and its immediate surrounds) under the control of the English government in the Late Middle Ages. The rest of the country remaining under Hiberno-Norman and/or Gaelic Irish control.
* "Talbots of Malahide had the land [..] in 1218". They may well have. And one of the sources states as much. But, to confirm, there is zero indication the Talbots built anything on it. In the 13th century or otherwise. The National Monuments Service (NMS) and Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) list no prior structures or evidence of prior archaeological remains nearby. The RMP, in particular, often contains trace evidences of early habitation (from castles and forts down to marked stones, bullauns, wells, enclosures, field systems/boundaries, crop marks, kilns, burnt mounds, shell middens, etc). And there is nothing at all indicated for this site. Nothing. Hence we shouldn't be implying a 13th century origin for this house/building. As there is every indication that it was built in a "green field" site.
* "Malpas claimed the land to build 3 houses on the hill". As elsewhere, can you confirm please where you're getting this information from? Absent any reliable/verifiable sources, we can't do anything with it...
* Thanks. Guliolopez (talk) 20:10, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* https://killineyhistory.ie/killiney-castle/ Orastor (talk) 20:17, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Hi. Are you sharing this link to confirm that that's where you got the majority of the text? If so, have you perhaps read WP:NOTMIRROR and WP:CLOP? I will try and address as much as I can. But it's generally not ideal to copy/paste/close-paraphrase almost entirely from a single source.... Guliolopez (talk) 21:08, 30 January 2024 (UTC)
* Hi Guliolopez, I host https://killineyhistory.ie/ and write most of the content for the website. I was recently contacted by someone who claims to have written this article but the email provided has bounced back. On a cursory look much of what appears is a paraphrase of what I have written based on my original research which was painstaking and extensive. There are a number of glaring errors here and the most obvious error is that the photograph shown is not of Killiney Castle. It appears that anywhere 'citation needed' is shown should be attributed to Michael McShane www.killineyhistory.ie I did the piece on Bourchier's listing in the Tithe Applotment Books. I also wrote the piece about Warren Junior and his Wyvern connection. References 4,9,14,19 should be attributed to 'Michael McShane www.killineyhistory.ie'. I have not gone through the piece in great detail but it is likely that much has been lifted from not only my article but other online sources also. If you require any further information please let me know. Michael McShane Cavantownlands (talk) 17:14, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
* Hi @Cavantownlands/Michael. Thanks for your note. RE:
* "most obvious error is that [..] photograph". The infobox image came from this Geograph entry. Where the uploader mapped and labelled it as "Fitzpatrick Castle Hotel, Killiney". On review, however, it appears to be a mislabelled/misidentified/mismapped image of Malahide Castle. I have removed it.
* "a number of glaring errors here". Feel free to point them out specifically. With quotes from the problematic text. As needed. So that other editors can assist with any review/corrections.
* "much of what appears is a paraphrase of what I have written". In honesty that was my concern. The adding editor appears to have (only very slightly) reworded the text from the killineyhistory.ie website. Which is likely why they could not answer questions about context, background or original sources. As they hadn't read them. And, oddly for an editor contributing on very specific areas of Dublin history, didn't seem to know what the Pale was/is. In honesty, and depending on your input on the "[other] glaring errors" above, and absent other thoughts, I'm inclined to largely excise most of the WP:COPYVIO/WP:CLOP material. (That said, if you'd like to see the content retained, please consider reviewing the guidelines on "donating" materials/content to Wikipedia.)
* "4,9,14,19 should be attributed to Michael McShane www.killineyhistory.ie". I will take a look.
* Thanks. Guliolopez (talk) 19:56, 9 February 2024 (UTC)
* I've addressed the image problem, and attempted to address some of the referencing and attribution issues. Did you have any specific thoughts on the "glaring errors" (and CLOP issues)? If not, I'll try and address myself. Mainly (in all honesty) by excising and summarising large tracts of the text? (Which, without your input, might be more aggressive than it otherwise needs to be...) Thanks. Guliolopez (talk) 16:27, 15 February 2024 (UTC)
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WIKI
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List of GPS sporting alumni
This is a list of GPS sporting alumni. The list contains names of notable sportspeople from the Athletic Association of the Great Public Schools of New South Wales.
Basketball
* Jackson Aldridge (Riverview)
* Grant Anticevich (Newington)
* Josh Green (Kings)
* Isaac Humphries (Scots)
* Jordan Hunter (Riverview)
* Nick Kay (Newington)
* Greg MacQuillan (Riverview)
* Craig Moller (SBHS)
* Hunter Madden (Shore)
Rugby union
* Allan Alaalatoa (Newington)
* Des Bannon (Joeys)
* Eric Bardsley (Newington)
* Ben Batger (Kings)
* Al Baxter (Shore)
* Kurtley Beale (Joeys)
* Scott Bowen (Newington)
* Tom Bowman (Scots)
* John Brass (High)
* James Brown (Newington)
* Luke Burgess (Joeys)
* Matt Burke (Joeys)
* Adam Byrnes (Newington)
* Will Caldwell (Kings)
* Alan Cameron (Newington)
* Scott Cameron (Scots)
* Alister Campbell (Joeys)
* Chris Carberry (Joeys)
* John Carroll (Newington)
* David Carter (Scots)
* Ken Catchpole (Scots)
* Mitchell Chapman (Kings)
* Bill Cody (Joeys)
* Dave Cowper (Newington)
* Percy Colquhoun (Newington)
* Peter Crittle (High)
* Tim Davidson (Kings)
* Tony Daly (Joeys)
* Steve Devine (Joeys)
* Bob Dwyer (High)
* Ted Fahey (Joeys)
* Nick Farr-Jones (Newington)
* John Grant (Riverview)
* Alan Gaffney (High)
* Tim Gavin (Scots)
* Daniel Halangahu (Kings)
* Ben Hand (Kings)
* Daryl Harberecht (Scots)
* Mike Hercus (Shore)
* James Hilgendorf (Kings)
* Aub Hodgson (Newington)
* Jake Howard (Joeys)
* James Hughes (Riverview)
* Bryan Hughes (Riverview)
* Julian Huxley (Grammar & Kings)
* Mitch Inman (Riverview)
* Jono Jenkins (Riverview)
* Jason Jones-Hughes (High)
* Peter Jorgensen (Newington & Joeys)
* Bruce Judd (Newington)
* Darren Junee (Joeys)
* Phil Kearns (Newington)
* Michael Lipman (Joeys)
* Eden Love (Newington)
* Graeme Macdougall (Newington)
* Stuart Macdougall (Newington)
* George Mackay (Newington)
* John Manning (Riverview)
* Bill McLaughlin (Newington)
* Duncan MacRae (High)
* Stirling Mortlock (Kings)
* Dean Mumm (Kings)
* Larry Newman (Newington)
* Bryan Palmer (Newington)
* Tom Perrin (Newington)
* Nick Phipps (Kings)
* Peter Playford (Joeys)
* Roy Prosser (Newington)
* David Pusey (Newington)
* Hugh Roach (Newington)
* Benn Robinson (Kings)
* Joe Roff (TAS)
* Hugh Rose (King's)
* Haig Sare (Shore)
* Brett Sheehan (Joeys)
* John Solomon (Scots)
* Richard Stanford (Scots)
* Marc Stcherbina (High)
* William Tasker (Newington)
* Hugh Taylor (Newington)
* Johnny Taylor (Newington)
* John Thornett (High)
* Richard Tombs (TAS)
* Lachlan Turner (Newington)
* Henari Veratau (Scots)
* Ben Volavola (Newington)
* Phil Waugh (Shore)
* John Williams (Newington)
* Steve Williams (Joeys)
* Marty Wilson (Kings)
* Chris Whitaker (High)
* Colin Windon (Grammar)
* Craig Wing (High)
* Bill Young (Joeys)
* David Horwitz (Scots)
* Andrew Kellaway (Scots)
* Jack Maddocks (Scots)
Cricket
* Jackson Bird (Riverview)
* Albert Cotter (Grammar)
* Alan Crompton AO (Scots)
* John Davison (Riverview)
* Phil Emery (Newington & Shore)
* Edwin Evans (Newington)
* Sam Everett (Newington)
* Adam Hollioake (Joeys)
* Ben Hollioake (Joeys)
* Tom Garrett (Newington)
* Jack Gregory (Shore)
* Stork Hendry (Grammar)
* Stan McCabe (Joeys)
* Alan McGilvray (Newington & Grammar)
* Jonathon Moss (Shore)
* Fred Spofforth (Grammar)
* Johnny Taylor (Newington)
* Alan Walker (Grammar)
* Sammy Woods (Grammar)
Athletics
* Nigel Barker (Newington)
* Daniel Batman (Scots)
* Jim Carlton (Joeys)
* Nicholas Hough (Kings)
* Patrick Dwyer (Joeys)
* Joshua Lodge (High)
* Morgan McDonald (Newington)
* Evan O'Hanlon (Joeys)
* Josh Ralph (Newington)
* Andrew Ratcliffe (Scots)
* Lachlan Renshaw (Grammar)
* Stephen Wilson (Newington)
Tennis
* Ashley Campbell (Newington)
* Percy Colquhoun (Newington)
* Albert Curtis (Newington)
* Stanley Doust (Newington)
* James Duckworth (Shore)
* Ernest Hicks (Newington)
* Thomas Hicks (Newington)
* Jamie Morgan (High)
* John Newcombe (Grammar & Shore)
* Matthew Reid (Kings)
Rowing
* Mervyn Wood (High)
* Nick Baxter (Shore)
* Daniel Noonan (Riverview)
* Tom Chessell (Newington)
* Joe Fazio (Joeys)
* Francis Hegerty (Joeys)
* Sam Loch (Kings)
* Dominic Grimm (High)
* Nicholas Hudson (Kings)
* Vern Bowrey (Newington)
* James Chapman (Newington)
* Rob Jahrling (Newington)
* Fred Kirkham (Newington)
* Matthew Long (Newington)
* Kim Mackney (Newington)
* Michael Morgan (Newington)
* Steve Handley (Newington)
* Geoff Stewart (Newington)
* James Stewart (Newington)
* Stephen Stewart (Newington)
* Stuart Welch (Grammar)
* Matthew Ryan (Kings)
* Alex Purnell (Shore)
* Nick Purnell (Shore)
Sailing
* David Forbes (Newington)
* Edward Psaltis (Newington)
* Will Ryan (Riverview)
Rugby league
* Jack Beaton (Joeys)
* Daniel Conn (King's)
* Arch Crippin (Joeys)
* Brian James (Newington)
* Peter Jorgensen (Newington & Joeys)
* Ben Kennedy (Joeys)
* Joel Luani (Newington)
* Taane Milne (Newington)
* Tepai Moeroa (Newington)
* Cameron Murray (Newington)
* Mark O'Halloran (Joeys)
* Jarrod Saffy (Joeys)
* Ben Volavola (Newington)
* Craig Wing (High)
* Angus Crichton (Scots)
* Billy Smith (Scots)
NFL
* Colin Scotts (Scots)
Football
* Daniel Alessi (Joeys)
* Daniel Arzani (High)
* Harry Ascroft (Shore)
* Jonathan Aspropotamitis (Newington)
* Adam Biddle (Riverview)
* Travis Cooper (Kings)
* Nicola Kuleski (Newington)
* Chris Triantis (Newington)
Australian rules football
* Leo Barry (Riverview)
* Ryan Davis (Kings)
* Jack Hiscox (Newington)
* Malcolm Lynch (Riverview)
* Henry Playfair (Shore)
* Dane Rampe (Newington)
* Lewis Roberts-Thomson (Shore)
* Will Sierakowski (Riverview)
* Dan Robinson (Riverview)
* Josh Bruce (Riverview)
* Sam Wicks (Shore)
Swimming
* Forbes Carlile MBE (Scots)
* Andrew "Boy" Charlton (Grammar)
* Michael Delany (Riverview)
* Ernest Henry (High)
* Frederick Lane (Grammar)
Waterpolo
* James Clark (Newington)
* Sam McGregor (Joeys)
* Thomas Whalan (Scots)
* Hamish McDonald (Scots)
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WIKI
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Main Content
Header and C++ Compiled Library Files on Linux
This example shows how to create a MATLAB® interface to a C++ library matrixOperations for Linux® by calling clibPublishInterfaceWorkflow. For this example, the library is defined by header file matrixOperations.hpp and shared object file libmwmatrixOperations.so.
MATLAB provides these files in this folder:
fullfile(matlabroot,"extern","examples","cpp_interface");
To create an interface named matrixlib for this library, follow these steps in a workflow script: generate a library definition file, define any missing constructs, build the interface, and then test the interface. If you need to iterate over the publishing process, you can take additional steps to restore parameters and enable out-of-process execution mode. You can then share your published interface with other users.
Create Workflow Script
Navigate to a writeable folder and call clibPublishInterfaceWorkflow. In the dialog box, specify the name of the workflow script, for example, publishmatrixlib.mlx. The workflow script has steps to help you publish the interface. Use the script to save the parameters for publishing the interface. You can use the same script on all platforms.
Note
The workflow script allows you to repeatedly generate, define, build, and test an interface during multiple MATLAB sessions. However, the script does not save edits to library definition files recreated using the Overwrite existing definition files option.
Step 1: GENERATE
First, generate the library definition file. The workflow script contains the Generate C++ Interface Live Editor task for this step. Use this task to select the files that make up the library and to set options for generating the library definition file.
Select files
The library is defined by the matrixOperations.hpp header file and the libmwmatrixOperations.so shared object file. The Library type is Headers and compiled library files, which is the default setting.
To set the Library start path, browse to the folder fullfile(matlabroot,"extern","examples","cpp_interface") and click Select Folder.
To select the header file, click Browse to open the file matrixOperations.hpp.
The header file depends on the cppshrhelp.hpp header file. Navigate to the folder in Library start path and click Select Folder.
To select the compiled library file, browse to the glnxa64 folder and open the libmwmatrixOperations.so file.
Select configuration
In this example, the C++ compiler is set to g++.
Change Name of interface library to matrixlib. Use this name with clib to call functionality from MATLAB. For example, to create a library object Mat, from the command prompt, enter:
clib.matrixlib.Mat
Verify that Output folder is a writeable folder.
Select the Overwrite existing definition files check box so that you can recreate the definition file while developing the interface.
Specify optional C++ library settings
Building the interface to this library does not require optional C++ library settings.
Specify optional definition configurations
Building the interface to this library does not require optional definition configurations.
Display results
By default, when you generate a definition file, the function displays available constructs (classes and functions in the library). While developing the interface, also select the Show unavailable constructs check box so that you can see what constructs are not included because they are unsupported.
Generate Definition File
Click Generate definition file. The script displays its progress and creates the library definition file definematrixlib.m in the specified output folder.
Warning: Some C++ language constructs in the files for generating interface file are not supported and not imported.
Using g++ compiler.
Definition file definematrixlib.m contains definitions for 10 constructs supported by MATLAB.
- 5 constructs are fully defined.
- 5 constructs partially defined and commented out.
To include the 5 undefined constructs in the interface, uncomment and complete the definitions in definematrixlib.m.
To build the interface, call build(definematrixlib).
MATLAB Interface to matrixlib Library
Class clib.matrixlib.Mat
Constructors:
clib.matrixlib.Mat(clib.matrixlib.Mat)
clib.matrixlib.Mat()
Methods:
uint64 getLength()
No Properties defined
Functions
clib.matrixlib.updateMatByX(clib.matrixlib.Mat,int32)
Enable Tools for Development over Multiple Sessions
While publishing the interface, you might iterate over the steps, close and reopen the publishmatrixlib.mlx script, or restart MATLAB. Follow the instructions in these sections to help you with these workflows.
• Preserve workspace variables across MATLAB sessions. In the Restore library definition section, set the outputFolderPath variable to the value in the Output folder parameter. Set the libraryNameForInterface variable to the Name of interface library parameter matrixlib. Then run the section. For more information, see Restore Library Definition.
• Consider running the Enable out-of-process execution mode section. Using this mode while developing an interface eliminates the need to restart MATLAB while testing. After calling functionality in your library, you can unload the library by running the Unload out-of-process library section. For more information, see Load Out-of-Process C++ Library
Step 2: DEFINE
When you created the library definition file, MATLAB reported that five constructs are partially defined. To completely define the functionality, edit the definematrixlib.m file. To edit the file, run the DEFINE section.
Scroll through the library definition file to find blocks of commented code for these constructs. MATLAB cannot automatically determine the size of arguments used by these functions.
• setMat — C++ method for class Mat
• getMat — C++ method for class Mat
• copyMat — C++ method for class Mat
• addMat — C++ function
• updateMatBySize — C++ function
Based on the documentation of the matrixOperations library, you can provide values for <SHAPE> in the argument definition statements. For more information, see Define Missing SHAPE Parameter.
1. For each construct, uncomment the statements defining it.
2. Replace <SHAPE> arguments with these values.
Construct
Argument Name
Argument C++ Definition
Description
Replace <SHAPE> with Value
setMatsrcint [] src
The length of the matrix is defined by the input argument len.
"len"
getMatRetValint const *
The length of the output argument is defined by the input argument len.
"len"
copyMatdestint * dest
The length of dest is defined by the input argument len.
"len"
addMatmatMat const * mat
The function takes a single mat argument.
1
updateMatBySizearrint * arr
The length of arr is defined by the input argument len.
"len"
3. Save and close the definition file.
4. To validate the edits you made in the file, run the Confirm edits and run summary section. Fix any reported errors in the file. The summary function shows that the interface now includes setMat, getMat, copyMat, addMat, and updateMatBySize.
MATLAB Interface to matrixlib Library
Class clib.matrixlib.Mat
Constructors:
clib.matrixlib.Mat(clib.matrixlib.Mat)
clib.matrixlib.Mat()
Methods:
setMat(clib.array.matrixlib.Int)
clib.array.matrixlib.Int getMat(uint64)
uint64 getLength()
copyMat(clib.array.matrixlib.Int)
No Properties defined
Functions
int32 clib.matrixlib.addMat(clib.matrixlib.Mat)
clib.matrixlib.updateMatByX(clib.matrixlib.Mat,int32)
clib.matrixlib.updateMatBySize(clib.matrixlib.Mat,clib.array.matrixlib.Int)
Step 3: BUILD
To build the matrixlib interface to the library, run the BUILD section of the script.
Building interface file 'matrixlibInterface.so' for clib interface 'matrixlib'.
Interface file 'matrixlibInterface.so' built in folder '/home/Documents/MATLAB/matrixlib'.
To use the library, add the interface file folder to the MATLAB path.
addpath('/home/Documents/MATLAB/matrixlib')
Note
You can repeat the generate, define, and build steps. However, once you display help for or call functions in the library, you cannot update the definematrixlib definition file in the same MATLAB session. Either restart MATLAB or create a new definition file by changing the Name of interface library parameter in the Select configuration section.
Step 4: TEST
Set up and copy run-time libraries
Run the Set up and copy run-time libraries section. This library does not have additional run-time dependencies, so you do not need to modify the commands.
Enable out-of-process execution mode
If the definition file needs to change, run this command to set up the ability to call the interface library out of process so that you do not have to restart MATLAB. For more information, see Load C++ Library In-Process or Out-of-Process.
Call help on interface library
To display help for the interface library, run the Call help on interface library section.
Write code to call and test interface library
Use the code section in Write code to call and test interface library to write these tests:
matObj = clib.matrixlib.Mat; % Create a Mat object
intArr = [1,2,3,4,5];
matObj.setMat(intArr); % Set the values to intArr
retMat = matObj.getMat(5) % Display the values
retMat =
read-only clib.array.matrixlib.Int with properties:
Dimensions: 5
Resizable: 0
Share Interface
To share the interface with another MATLAB user, create a toolbox installation (.mltbx) file. Using the instructions in Distribute MATLAB Interface to C++ Library:
• Set the toolbox folder to your matrixlib folder, which contains the interface file matrixlibInterface.so.
• Put the compiled library file libmwmatrixOperations.so in the same folder.
• Identify the namespace (calling syntax) as clib.matrixlib.
See Also
Related Topics
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Swiss stocks - Factors to watch on December 27
BERLIN/ZURICH, Dec 27 (Reuters) - The Swiss blue-chip SMI was seen opening 0.2% higher at 10,749 points on Friday, according to premarket indications by bank Julius Baer . Here are some of the main factors that may affect Swiss stocks on Friday: The U.S. Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and major exchanges have fined Credit Suisse’s CSGN.S U.S.-based securities business $6.5 million for supervisory failings, FINRA said late on Monday. “We are pleased to have resolved these matters with FINRA and these exchanges,” a spokesman for Credit Suisse said on Tuesday. * Molecular Partners said it has received orphan drug designation for MP0250, for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. * Zur Rose Group said the purchase price payment for the medpex acquisition had been completed early by an earely earn-out settlement. * Wisekey page on Nasdaq website is now showing current stock price of the company, the Swiss e-security company said after technical issues stopped pricing updates. Swiss investor sentiment for December due at 0900 GMT. (Reporting by Zurich newsroom and Berlin Speed Desk)
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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If you're a bikini competitor, you'd best not be skipping your leg days—and you'd best be maximizing the work that you're doing on them! Having sculpted legs with decent musculature is a necessity if you're going to place well. And even if you're not a competitor, they make for a well-rounded figure! NPC Competitor and Evlution Nutrition athlete Emily Plajer is here to show you how to do it.
Don't be fooled by the simplicity of this routine—it's all about the intensity you put into it. Want the bangin' quads, glutes, and hamstrings of a bikini athlete? Use a weight that's challenging and go to near failure on your sets. Emily confirms that the journey to the stage takes a lot of discipline and a lot of hard work—also that the joke about women not training as hard as men is old (and fake) news!
Be sure to get in a proper warm-up beforehand. Do a few bodyweight lunges. Then grab a set of bands and warm up your hips and glutes with some monster walks and banded squats.
Emily Plajer's Best Lower-Body Workout
1
SUPERSET
Perform the exercises in order with no rest between exercises and 1 min. of rest between sets.
Dumbbell walking lunge-
3 sets, 24 reps (alternating, 12 reps per side, no rest)
Jumping Squat
3 sets, 10 reps (rest 1 min.)
2
Dumbbell Romanian Deadlift
4 sets, 10 reps (rest 1 min.)
3
Bulgarian Split Squat
3 sets, 15 reps
4
BULGARIAN SPLIT SQUAT
Perform all of the reps on one side before switching to the other side. Don't rest between sides and rest 1 min. between sets.
Bulgarian Split Squat
3 sets, 15 reps (left side, no rest)
Bulgarian Split Squat
3 sets, 15 reps (right side, rest 1 min.)
5
Goblet Squat
4 sets, 15 reps (rest 1 min.)
Training Techniques
Walking Lunge: 3 sets of 24 reps
When performing walking lunges, make sure that you're pressing through the heel of your front foot on each step, Emily says. This will help target your glutes more. Note that the wider you step, the more glute activation you'll feel, as well. By the end of 3 sets, your quads should be burning!
Keep your torso upright and your core tight to help maintain balance and also train your core stability. Do these in a superset with jump squats.
Jump Squat: 3 sets of 10 reps
"Supersets are always tough, but it's times like those that are going to push us," Emily says.
Tough is right, with a high-intensity plyometric exercise like this to help burn out those quads right after lunges.
Jump squats require more skill than you might think, demanding stability, coordination, speed, and even a good amount of hip and ankle mobility. As you jump up, swing your arms back and explode as high as you can. Land with soft feet in a controlled manner and immediately squat down, bringing your hands in front of you. Then repeat!
If these are challenging for you to perform correctly, don't rush them. Get the form down first, then work on increasing the speed.
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Dumbbell Stiff-Legged Deadlift: 4 sets of 10 reps
Now we you to target those hamstrings directly. Many people confuse stiff-legged deadlifts and Romanian deadlifts. The main difference here is the knee flexion during the movement. The stiff-legged deadlift assumes a fully extended knee, therefore targeting the hamstrings and lower back more than the Romanian deadlift.
This exercise also targets the glutes, core, and back, so make sure you're engaging your abs and keeping your back completely flat throughout the movement.
Dumbbell Stiff-Legged Deadlift
Bulgarian Split Squat: 3 sets of 15 reps, per leg
This is one of the more brutal lower-body exercises! Place one foot on a bench—or any raised object about a foot or so off the ground—and assume a lunge position. Make sure your knee and ankle remain stacked to maintain a 90-degree angle when you are in the bottom of the lunge.
Keep your core engaged and your shoulders pulled back—no slouching! While your glutes and quads will get the beating here, Bulgarian split squats will no doubt engage your entire body (and maybe have you questioning if it's worth it...but it is, don't worry).
As Emily mentions, you can use dumbbells or plates, but if you're a beginner, you may find that your body weight is challenging enough! Do 15 reps on each leg.
Goblet Squat: 4 sets of 15 reps
Your final exercise is goblet squats, which you can do with a dumbbell, as shown, or even a kettlebell. You'll see in the video that Emily has her heels raised on a plate with a narrower stance, which places more emphasis on the quads.
As with the other exercises discussed here, keep your abs engaged to maintain proper position. Try not to let the weight pull you forward. Your shoulders and upper back are going to have to do some work here, too. Make this a regular in your lower body routine, and you'll be well on your way to defined and shapely legs!
Need a set of killer abs to go along with your lower body? Try Emily's Best Abs Workout for a circuit that doesn't disappoint!
About the Author
Kailan Kalina
Kailan Kalina
Kailan Kalina is a former Bodybuilding.com content editor, competitive powerlifter, and certified personal trainer.
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Workout Women
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 104 Part 2.djvu/83
PUBLIC LAW 101-454 —OCT. 24, 1990 104 STAT. 1063 Public Law 101-454 101st Congress An Act Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990. 20 USC 5201 note. 20 USC 5201. To provide a permanent endowment for the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Oct. 24, 1990 Program. [S. 2017] Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the "Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990". SEC. 2. PURPOSES. The purposes of this Act are— (1) to provide a permanent endowment for the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program; (2) to honor Dwight D. Eisenhower for his character, courage, and patriotism, and for his leadership based on moral integrity and trust; (3) to pay tribute to President Eisenhower's leadership in war and peace, through his diverse understanding of history, practical affairs, and the hearts of humankind; (4) to address America's need for the best possible higher education of its young talent for a competitive world which shares a common and endangered environment; (5) to advance the network of friendship and trust already established in President Eisenhower's name, so that it may continue to grow to the imminent challenges of the 21st century; (6) to complete Dwight David Eisenhower's crusade to liberate the people's of Europe from oppression; (7) to deepen and expand relationships with European nations developing democracy and self-determination; and (8) to honor President Dwight D. Eisenhower on the occasion of the centennial of his birth through permanent endowment of an established fellowship program, the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowships, to increase educational opportunities for young leaders in preparation for and enhancement of their professional careers, and advancement of peace through international understanding. SEC. 3. EISENHOWER EXCHANGE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM TRUST FUND. 20 USC 5202. (a) ESTABLISHMENT.—T here is established in the Treasury of the United States a trust fund to be known as the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Program Trust Fund (hereinafter in this Act referred to as the "fund"). The fund shall consist of amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 5 of this Act. (b) INVESTMENT IN INTEREST BEARING OBLIGATIONS.— I t shall be the duty of the Secretary of the Treasury to invest in full amounts appropriated to the fund. Such investments may be made only in interest-bearing obligations of the United States or in obligations
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WIKI
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Carmakers enjoy electric buzz within reason - Business - Autos | NBC News
Throw a rock anywhere at the Detroit auto show and you're sure to hit an electric car: from the $24,000 battery-powered sedan made by China's BYD to the projected $400,000 SLS E-Cell supercar from Mercedes-Benz. Yet despite the widening support for electric propulsion, auto executives are cautioning that battery power is not for everyone, as Nissan's chief U.S. executive Carlos Tavares said. Certainly electric propulsion has created the most buzz at this year's Detroit show, formally known as the North American International Auto Show. General Motors' plug-in Chevrolet Volt took top honors as Car of the Year at the show, and GM CEO Dan Akerson announced plans for an additional multipurpose vehicle using the Volt's underlying technology likely to come to market in 2012 or 2013. Nissan is planning to offer a series of battery-powered cars following the launch of its Leaf sedan late last year. Yet underlying the surge of new electric models into the marketplace is a fear among industry executives that the technology may fall short of expectations. So they're hedging their bets, investing into a wide range of other options including diesel, compressed natural gas and even hydrogen that could increase the appeal of alternative power. There is no question that battery power is gaining traction – in all of its various flavors. Until recently, GM seemed wedded to the Volt system, which relies on battery power to handle the daily commute and an auxiliary internal combustion engine for longer drives. Now, said Akerson, the maker will embrace everything from conventional hybrids to full battery-electric vehicles. Ford's exhibit at the show in the cavernous Cobo Hall features its first battery-electric model, the Focus Electric, as well as a plug-in version of its new C-Max microvan, dubbed the Energi. But Ford is also looking at what might be called battery light technology, such as the Stop/Start system it will offer on the Focus in Europe. This technology automatically shuts the engine while idling, then powers back up when the driver's foot lifts off the brake. Ford estimates the technology can reduce fuel consumption by as much as 10 percent and plans to offer it on 20 percent of its worldwide products by 2014. Some industry experts predict that by the end of the decade Stop/Start could become as common as electronic stability control is today. Considering the various forms of electrification, it could be difficult to find a car on the market that won't, in a decade or so, use some form of battery technology. That will be all the more likely, industry officials say, if the Environmental Protection Agency moves ahead on a proposal to raise the corporate average fuel economy, or CAFE, standard to 62 miles per gallon by 2025 from 35.5 mpg as of 2016. But exactly how much of the market will convert to more advanced systems, especially plug-ins and pure battery-electric vehicles, is a subject of fierce debate. It depends on a variety of factors, including fuel costs, government regulations, subsidies, technical advances and especially customer acceptance, said Ford's global product development chief, Derrick Kuzak. The outlook is fuzzy enough that Ford's internal projections call for electrified vehicles – including traditional hybrids, plug-ins and BEVs – to reach anywhere from 10 to 25 percent of the market by 2025. So while virtually all major carmakers are developing battery cars, there are plenty who are exploring other options. Honda officials, for example, are playing up their efforts with compressed natural gas, which so far has found only limited acceptance, mostly among fleets like taxi operators who are under pressure to both reduce emissions and curb fuel costs. Diesel is a particular focus of European makers, and no surprise. Back home, it accounts for roughly half the market. Such so-called oil burners slipped from favor among Americans in the 1980s due to problems that have largely been resolved today, such as sluggishness and the smell of diesel exhaust, but there are signs of a renewed interest domestically. Ernst Lieb, CEO of the U.S. Mercedes-Benz subsidiary, notes that demand is rising for diesel, with the diesel-powered version of the ML sport-utility vehicle now accounting for 30 percent of the product's American volume. Mercedes officials point out that the new clean diesel version of their flagship S-Class, the S350, will deliver better mileage than the hybrid S400. The company has been working on pairing diesel with a hybrid-electric system, a costly solution that could prove practical if, as some expect, gas rises to $5 a gallon. Mercedes is shooting at as many alternative energy targets as it can hit. The maker not only introduced the battery-power SLS AMG E-Cell supercar in Detroit but also is reminding showgoers that it is fleet testing a hydrogen-powered version of its small B-Class model in California. Hydrogen fuel cells seemed to be the wave of future just a decade ago but have lost momentum as the spotlight has shifted to electric propulsion. It didn't help when the Obama administration decided to shift financial support away from hydrogen technology to the development of advanced batteries. If anything, that shift has reminded industry leaders that it can be risky to focus on any single technology. Unexpected technical problems can set in, and as battery makers are well aware, it can be difficult to win over customers. So, if the Detroit show is any indication, we'll be seeing both more battery cars – and plenty of other options – on display for the foreseeable future. 2013 msnbc.com. Reprints Open in new window Editor's note: This image contains graphic content that some viewers may find disturbing. Click to view the image, or use the buttons above to navigate away. Editor's note: This image contains graphic content that some viewers may find disturbing. Click to view the image, or use the buttons above to navigate away. Editor's note: This image contains graphic content that some viewers may find disturbing. Click to view the image, or use the buttons above to navigate away. Editor's note: This image contains graphic content that some viewers may find disturbing. Click to view the image, or use the buttons above to navigate away. Show more slideshows Open in new window Discussion comments Most active discussions Show discussion
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Kohl’s Trounces Expectations for the Top and Bottom Lines
Sales fell and Kohl's (NYSE: KSS) reported a second-quarter loss, but the results were significantly better than what Wall Street was expecting when the retailer reported its financial results on Aug. 18.
The department store chain said it was able to reopen all 1,100 of its stores during the period, helping to soften the decline in revenue, which fell 23% to $3.2 billion, but that was well ahead of analyst forecasts of less than $3.1 billion.
Although it reported a profit under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) of $47 million, or $0.30 per share, adjusted for impairments, real estate sales, and other one-time expenses, Kohl's recorded a loss of $39 million, or $0.25 per share, dramatically above the $0.83 per share loss anticipated.
Image source: Kohl's.
Planning for more to come
CEO Michelle Gass said by controlling costs, managing inventory, and advancing its digital playbook during the shutdown, Kohl's "made significant progress in rebuilding our business."
The retailer generated positive cash flow in the quarter and ended with $2.4 billion in cash and equivalents, which should help it weather any future shutdowns states may mandate.
Gass said Kohl's was "planning for the crisis to continue to impact our business in the near-term." She continued, "We are well-positioned to capitalize on evolving customer behaviors and the retail industry disruption, which we believe will drive long-term growth and increased market share."
Still retail sales are moderating as the country recovers from the cataclysm of the pandemic. After sales plunged almost 15% in April, they rocketed nearly 18% higher in May, followed by an 8% gain in June, and a 1% rise in July. The National Retail Federation is still looking for full-year sales to be 10% below last year.
Kohl's has appropriately adopted a conservative outlook for the rest of the year even though it is not providing specific guidance.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Choshen Mishpat/255
Paragraph 1- If a dying person said he has a maneh in so and so’s possession, the witnesses would write, “this is what so and so instructed,” even though they don’t know if what he said is true. Thus, when the inheritors come to collect, they must bring proof.
Paragraph 2- A dying person that said, “so and so has a maneh in my possession,” and he said to give it, they would give. If he did not say to give, they would not give because he may have only said he has a maneh of someone else in his possession so that people don’t say his inheritors have money. Thus, if he said it as a confession and there was no concern of trickery, they would give, even if he did not say give. Similarly, if he confessed in his handwriting that all his properties belong to so and so, it would be a confession. We do not say in such a case that a person has the practice to not make his children appear wealthy.
Paragraph 3- If one consecrates all his properties, he would not be believed after he consecrated to say so and so has debt against him or that this vessel belongs to so and so because they may be defrauding hekdesh. Even if the creditor had a loan document, he would not be able to collect on the basis of the confession, and only in the manner one collects any other debt. When is this true? With respect to a healthy person. With respect to a dying person who consecrates all his property and says at the time he consecrates that he has a maneh of so and so in his possession, however, he would be believed because a person does not defraud hekdesh and sin for others at the time of death because he is going to die. Thus, if he says to give, the recipient would collect without an oath. If he did not say to give, we would not give unless the creditor had a verified document, in which case he can collect from hekdesh because of the will. If after he consecrated he said to give, we would not listen to him. Rather, he is like any other creditor. If this document is verified, the creditor would swear and collect from the person who redeemed, but not from hekdesh.
Paragraph 4- If he said he has so and so’s maneh in his possession, and the orphans said we paid back, they would not be believed because the father did not say to give so how would they know that they are obligated to give. If the father said to give, however, and the orphans say we paid back, they would be believed and would swear a heses oath that they paid back. There are those who say that they would be believed to say we paid back.
Paragraph 5- If a dying person confesses that he has a maneh of so and so in his possession, and the orphans say that their father later told them he paid back, they would be believed and take a heses oath. If the father said to give it and the orphans say their father told us he paid, however, they would not be believed.
Paragraph 6- If one instructed because of death to give a maneh to Shimon, and the donor then died, and the inheritors sold all the properties and Shimon could not find anywhere to collect his money, he may collect from the buyers. The inheritors are not believed to say we paid back because Shimon produced the will-document. If Shimon does not produce the will document, however, the orphans are believed to say we paid back. If they say they did not pay him, we are concerned for a conspiracy.
Paragraph 7- If one saw that his father hid money and said it belongs to so and so or to hekdesh and he said it as if he was giving over his words as a will, his confession would be effective. If he said it like he was fooling them so that they not assume he is wealthy, they do not have to fulfill his words.
Paragraph 8- If one came and said I saw your father hide money and he said it belongs to so and so or hekdesh, and they were hidden in a place that the witness could have taken it, he would be believed. If they were not hidden in such a place, he would not be believed.
Paragraph 9- If orphans’ father had a deposit and they didn’t know where their father put it, and one was told in a dream that this and this was the deposit, they were put in such and such place, and they belong to so and so or maaser sheni, and they found them in the place that was described and the amount that was described, the words in dream do not help nor hurt. Rather, they would belong to him.
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WIKI
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Hi,
I try to open a sqlite3 db which is protected by a password but after several attempts my results is :
ArgumentError : The dbFile parameter value specifies an existing database, but there is no encryption salt value in the default salt ELS key. Possibly when the database was created a custom salt ELS key was specified.
I am trying to open this sqlite3 db through ext-air (of course) which has been generated and encrypted server side by System.Data.SQLite (a .Net sqlite provide for ado.net).
I'm starting to asking myself if it's possible to have portable encrypted sqlite3 db and read them from different clients? Because I wasn't able to open my db from an sqlite IDE either and failed the same way if the encrypted db was created by the IDE. Of course each db have been successfully decrypted and opened by their "creator" system.
could the encryption system been closely linked with the system behind the database? from the few google results that I was able to found it shouldn't be but I seriously doubt about it...
If this isn't possible, could an existing db be encrypted by adobe air (or ext-air) and then decrypted (no password) to make it readable from a different system.
Oh, and my env is Adobe AIR sdk 2.5, ext 3.3, ext-air 3.2
Just a comment from my painful experience; I think the following line should throw an exception if the condition is not valid.
Code:
// line 1551 ext-air-debug
if (keyGen.validateStrongPassword(this.encryptionKey)) {
...
}
// no else, no exception
Thanks,
Nico
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Integrated Analyses Identify a Master MicroRNA Regulatory Network for the Mesenchymal Subtype in Serous Ovarian Cancer
Da Yang, Yan Sun, Limei Hu, Hong Zheng, Ping Ji, Chad V. Pecot, Yanrui Zhao, Sheila Reynolds, Hanyin Cheng, Rajesha Rupaimoole, David Cogdell, Matti Nykter, Russell Broaddus, Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Jinsong Liu, Ilya Shmulevich, Anil K. Sood, Kexin Chen, Wei Zhang
Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
240 Scopus citations
Abstract
Integrated genomic analyses revealed a miRNA-regulatory network that further defined a robust integrated mesenchymal subtype associated with poor overall survival in 459 cases of serous ovarian cancer (OvCa) from The Cancer Genome Atlas and 560 cases from independent cohorts. Eight key miRNAs, including miR-506, miR-141, and miR-200a, were predicted to regulate 89% of the targets in this network. Follow-up functional experiments illustrate that miR-506 augmented E-cadherin expression, inhibited cell migration and invasion, and prevented TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by targeting SNAI2, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. In human OvCa, miR-506 expression was correlated with decreased SNAI2 and VIM, elevated E-cadherin, and beneficial prognosis. Nanoparticle delivery of miR-506 in orthotopic OvCa mouse models led to E-cadherin induction and reduced tumor growth.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)186-199
Number of pages14
JournalCancer Cell
Volume23
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 11 2013
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Oncology
• Cell Biology
• Cancer Research
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Integrated Analyses Identify a Master MicroRNA Regulatory Network for the Mesenchymal Subtype in Serous Ovarian Cancer'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this
Yang, D., Sun, Y., Hu, L., Zheng, H., Ji, P., Pecot, C. V., Zhao, Y., Reynolds, S., Cheng, H., Rupaimoole, R., Cogdell, D., Nykter, M., Broaddus, R., Rodriguez-Aguayo, C., Lopez-Berestein, G., Liu, J., Shmulevich, I., Sood, A. K., Chen, K., & Zhang, W. (2013). Integrated Analyses Identify a Master MicroRNA Regulatory Network for the Mesenchymal Subtype in Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Cell, 23(2), 186-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.020
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Catering to our aches and pains: What painkiller is best, and when?
Whether you have a headache, fever, backache, arthritis or other pains and discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers are our most commonly self- and physician-prescribed medicines of choice in America. There are dozens of pain-relief products. Most contain aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen. These three drugs, as well as naproxen, relieve pain and reduce fever. Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen also relieve inflammation. They belong to a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here’s a brief guide to which non-prescription, over-the-counter pain relievers to use, and cautions to observe when using them.
Choosing the most appropriate non-prescription pain reliever
Aspirin is widely used for relieving pain and reducing fever in adults. It also relieves minor itching and reduces swelling and inflammation. Aspirin comes as adult-strength (325 mg) or low-dose (81 mg). In addition to relieving pain and inflammation, aspirin is effective against many other ailments. For example, aspirin in low regular low doses may help prevent heart attacks and strokes in certain people. Because of the danger of side effects and the interactions aspirin may have with other medicines, do not try these uses of aspirin without a doctor’s supervision.
Although it seems familiar and safe, aspirin is a very powerful drug. Here are important precautions for aspirin use:
• Keep all aspirin out of children’s reach. Aspirin increases the risk of Reye syndrome in children. Do not give aspirin to anyone younger than 20 unless your doctor tells you to do so.
• Aspirin can irritate the stomach lining, causing bleeding or ulcers. If aspirin upsets your stomach, try a coated brand, such as Ecotrin. Talk with your doctor or pharmacist to find out what may work best for you.
• Because aspirin can increase the risk of bleeding, it is not recommended for new injuries. Take other medicines such as ibuprofen or naproxen for the first two or three days after an injury. If you take a blood thinner (anticoagulant), such as warfarin, or if you have gout, talk to your doctor before you take aspirin.
• High doses may result in aspirin poisoning (salicylism). To help prevent taking a high dose, follow what the label says or what your doctor told you. Stop taking aspirin and call a doctor if you experience ringing in the ears, nausea, dizziness, or rapid deep breathing.
Ibuprofen (the active ingredient in products such as Advil and Motrin) and naproxen (in products such as Aleve) are other NSAIDs. Like aspirin, these drugs relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation. Also like aspirin, they can cause nausea, stomach irritation, and heartburn.
Ibuprofen is used to relieve pain from various conditions such as headache, dental pain, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, or arthritis. It is also used to reduce fever and to relieve minor aches and pain due to the common cold or flu. Ibuprofen works by blocking your body’s production of certain natural substances that cause inflammation. This helps to decrease swelling, pain, or fever.
NSAID precautions
Do not use an NSAID for longer than 10 days without talking to your doctor, and talk to your doctor before taking NSAIDs if you have
• Ulcers or a history of bleeding in your stomach, or stomach pain, upset stomach, or heartburn that lasts or comes back
• Anemia, bleeding or easy bruising
• A habit of drinking more than three alcoholic drinks a day — this increases your risk of stomach bleeding
• High blood pressure, kidney, liver, or heart disease.
Also talk with your doctor before taking NSAIDs if you use blood thinners, such as warfarin, heparin or aspirin, if you take medicine to treat mental health problems, to decrease swelling (water pills), or if you take medicine for arthritis or diabetes.
Acetaminophen (the active ingredient in products such as Tylenol) is an analgesic that reduces fever and relieves pain. It does not have the anti-inflammatory effect of NSAIDS, such as aspirin and ibuprofen, but it also does not cause stomach upset and other side effects. Acetaminophen is typically used for mild to moderate pain. Do not take acetaminophen if you have kidney or liver disease, or drink alcohol heavily (three or more drinks a day for men and two or more drinks a day for women).
Finally, note that when you buy pain relievers, keep in mind that generic products are chemically equivalent to more expensive brand-name products, and they usually work equally well. And if you are pregnant, always check with your doctor or pharmacist before taking a pain reliever.
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Be sure to check out the CBIA Healthy Connections wellness program at your company’s next renewal. It’s free as part of your participation in CBIA Health Connections!
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Cheers to Tears
Understanding Alcohol Intolerance: Symptoms Causes and Treatment Options
Have you ever experienced a stuffy nose, skin flushing, or hives after a few sips of alcohol? These symptoms could be an indication of alcohol intolerance.
While some people can enjoy several drinks with no issues, others might experience uncomfortable symptoms that can be a sign of an underlying condition. In this article, we will explore what alcohol intolerance is, its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.
By the end of this guide, you will be equipped with knowledge to help you manage alcohol intolerance and possibly avoid symptoms altogether. What is Alcohol Intolerance?
Alcohol intolerance is a condition where your body is unable to process alcohol correctly, leading to various symptoms after even a small amount of alcohol. This condition is different from alcoholism, which is a dependence on alcohol characterized by a range of symptoms such as loss of control, craving, physical dependence, and tolerance.
Symptoms of Alcohol Intolerance
The symptoms of alcohol intolerance vary from person to person, depending on the cause of the intolerance. Some of the common symptoms include:
– Stuffy nose
– Skin flushing
– Hives
– Asthma
– Low blood pressure
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
– Migraines
– Severe allergic reaction
Causes of Alcohol Intolerance
There are several causes of alcohol intolerance. These include:
Genetic Condition: Some people are genetically predisposed to alcohol intolerance, and as a result, their bodies can’t process alcohol correctly.
This condition is called Asian flush or alcohol flush reaction. Reaction to Ingredients in a Drink: Some people can be allergic to specific ingredients present in an alcoholic beverage.
For instance, people with a gluten allergy might experience symptoms when they drink beer, while others might have a sensitivity to the histamine present in red wine. Combining Alcohol with Certain Medications: Certain medications, when combined with alcohol, can cause a range of symptoms.
These include antibiotics, anti-seizure drugs, and heart medications such as nitrates. Sulfites, Preservatives, and Chemicals: Some alcoholic beverages may contain sulfites, preservatives, or chemicals that can trigger an allergic reaction or intolerance.
Grains: People who are intolerant to grains such as wheat, rye, or barley might experience symptoms if they drink beer or other alcoholic beverages made with these grains. Histamine: People with an intolerance to histamine might experience symptoms if they drink red wine, champagne, or beer.
When to See a Healthcare Provider
If you experience mild alcohol intolerance symptoms such as a stuffy nose or skin flushing, you may not need to see a healthcare provider. However, if you notice any serious reaction such as severe pain, allergy, or medication issues, it’s important to seek medical advice immediately.
Diagnosis Procedures
If you suspect you have alcohol intolerance, it’s essential to talk to your doctor about it. He or she will take your medical history, ancestral allergies, and any symptoms you might have experienced.
A skin prick test or an oral challenge test might also be necessary to rule out other potential health issues.
Treatment Options
The most effective treatment option for alcohol intolerance is to avoid alcohol altogether or reduce your intake. However, if you choose to drink alcohol, you can take several precautions to manage symptoms.
These include reading food and drink ingredients, carrying antihistamine medication, and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors.
You can also try to reduce or avoid certain types of alcohol, and over-the-counter or prescribed medications can be taken to alleviate symptoms, such as antacids for stomach issues or ibuprofen for headaches.
Can Alcohol Intolerance Disappear?
Unfortunately, alcohol intolerance is often a permanent condition, and there is no known cure.
However, by avoiding triggers and taking precautions, you can manage the symptoms effectively.
Conclusion
In conclusion, experiencing symptoms of alcohol intolerance can be challenging, but it doesn’t have to stop you from enjoying social experiences with friends and family. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can take steps to minimize the discomfort that comes with alcohol intolerance.
And remember, if you have any severe symptoms, do not hesitate to talk to a healthcare provider. In conclusion, alcohol intolerance can cause discomfort and unpleasant symptoms for those affected by it.
While there’s no known cure, there are several treatment options that can help manage the condition, such as avoiding alcohol, reading food and drink ingredients, carrying antihistamine medication, and carrying epinephrine auto-injectors. It’s also essential to seek medical advice if you experience any severe symptoms.
Remember, taking precautions can make a difference. Here are some frequently asked questions about alcohol intolerance:
1.
What are the common symptoms of alcohol intolerance? Some common symptoms include skin flushing, hives, stuffy nose, and migraines.
2. What are the causes of alcohol intolerance?
Common causes include a genetic condition, reaction to ingredients in a drink, combining alcohol with certain medications, sulfites, preservatives, chemicals, grains, histamine, and gluten. 3.
How can alcohol intolerance be diagnosed? To diagnose alcohol intolerance, a doctor might take your medical history, ancestral allergies, and conduct a skin prick test or oral challenge test.
4. What are the treatment options for alcohol intolerance?
The most effective treatment option is to avoid alcohol altogether, but medications such as antacids or ibuprofen can help alleviate symptoms. 5.
Can alcohol intolerance disappear on its own? Unfortunately, alcohol intolerance is often a permanent condition, but symptoms can be managed through precautions and avoidance of triggers.
Popular Posts
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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To determine reproductive urologists’ (RU) practice patterns for microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) and factors associated with use of fresh versus frozen microTESE for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).
We electronically surveyed Society for Study of Male Reproduction members with a 21-item questionnaire. Our primary outcomes were to determine RU preference for fresh or frozen microTESE and to understand barriers to performing microTESE. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyze categorical outcomes and candidate predictor variables. Firth logistic regression was performed to identify the predictors for preferring and performing fresh versus frozen microTESE.
A total of 208 surveys were sent with 76 responses. Most (63.0%) primarily perform frozen microTESE for NOA, while 37.7% primarily perform fresh. However, in an ideal practice, 59.3% prefer fresh microTESE and 22.2% prefer frozen microTESE. MicroTESE is performed most often (61.1%) at surgical centers not affiliated with a fertility practice. The most commonly reported barriers for both fresh and frozen microTESE are cost (42.6%), scheduling (33.3%), and andrologist unavailability (16.7%). There are no statistically significant differences between these barriers and performing fresh versus frozen microTESE. On multivariable analysis, REI-based surgical center (OR 22.9; 95% CI 1.1-467.2; p=0.04) and professional fee $2,500-$4,999 (OR 20.7; 95% CI 1.27-337.9; p=0.03) are significant predictors of performing fresh microTESE.
Frozen microTESE is performed more commonly than fresh, despite most RU preferring fresh microTESE in an ideal setting. Both fresh and frozen microTESE have a role in reproductive care. Barriers to performing fresh microTESE include cost, scheduling and andrologist availability.
Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Mimmo Palmara
Domenico "Mimmo" Palmara (25 July 1928 – 10 June 2016) was an Italian actor.
Biography
Born in Cagliari, Palmara made his film debut in 1952 as a character actor in drama films by eminent directors such as Luchino Visconti, Mario Monicelli and Antonio Pietrangeli, then obtained main roles in a great number of genre films, especially adventure films and peplum films. When the sword and sandals genre declined, he took part at a number of Spaghetti Westerns in which he is usually credited as Dick Palmer. A close friend of Sergio Leone, he was Leone's first choice for the role of Ramon in A Fistful of Dollars; Palmara eventually chose to star in Mario Caiano's Bullets Don't Argue and the role of Ramon was played by Gian Maria Volonté.
Selected filmography
* Deceit (1952) - Un uomo in canottiera
* The Queen of Sheba (1952) - Ally of Sheba
* Sins of Rome (1953) - Gladiator (uncredited)
* Empty Eyes (1953) - Marcella's Fiancé (uncredited)
* Senso (1954) - Un soldato (uncredited)
* Attila (1954) - Lottatore
* The River Girl (1954)
* Proibito (1955)
* War and Peace (1956) - French Officer (uncredited)
* Roland the Mighty (1956) - Argalia
* Terrore sulla città (1957)
* White Nights (1957) - L'uomo che gioca a carte con la prostituta (uncredited)
* Serenata a Maria (1957) - Beppe Franchini, the truckdriver
* Marisa la civetta (1957) - Sailor (uncredited)
* Hercules (1958) - Iphitus, Son of Pelias
* Hercules Unchained (1959) - Polinices
* Sheba and the Gladiator (1959) - Lator
* Caterina Sforza, la leonessa di Romagna (1959)
* The Last Days of Pompeii (1959) - Gallinus, a Praetorian Guard
* Gastone (1960) - Manager
* Goliath Against the Giants (1961) - (uncredited)
* The Colossus of Rhodes (1961) - Ares
* Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis (1961) - Astor, il Gran Visir
* The Trojan Horse (1961) - Ajax
* Tharus Son of Attila (1962) - Gudrum
* Appuntamento in riviera (1962) - De Marchi
* Sodom and Gomorrah (1962) - Arno
* Slave Girls of Sheba (1963) - Hibrahim / Jaspar
* Goliath and the Sins of Babylon (1963) - Alceas
* Goliath and the Rebel Slave (1963) - Artafernes
* Hercules and the Masked Rider (1963) - Don Juan
* The Ten Gladiators (1963) - Tigelinus
* Sandokan the Great (1963)
* Temple of the White Elephant (1964) - Parvati Sandok
* Hercules Against Rome (1964) - Lucio Traiano
* The Two Gladiators (1964) - Commodo
* Pirates of Malaysia (1964) - Tremal-Naïk
* Bullets Don't Argue (1964) - Santero
* 3 Avengers (1964) - False Ursus
* Three Swords for Rome (1964) - Maximo
* Kindar the Invulnerable (1965) - Seymuth
* Serenade for Two Spies (1965) - Cormoran
* For One Thousand Dollars Per Day (1966) - Steve Benson
* Two Sons of Ringo (1966) - Sceriffo
* Argoman the Fantastic Superman (1967) - Kurt, Main Henchman of Jenabel
* Poker with Pistols (1967) - Master
* Left Handed Johnny West (1967) - Jonny West
* The Handsome, the Ugly, and the Stupid (1967) - Il bello
* The Stranger (1967) - Masson
* Vengeance Is My Forgiveness (1968) - Jack Owen
* Una forca per un bastardo (1968) - Sheriff Allan Phillip
* A Long Ride from Hell (1968) - Sheriff Max Freeman
* Psychopath (1968) - Maurice
* L'Odissea (1968, TV Mini-Series) - Achille
* Execution (1968) - Clips
* Trusting Is Good... Shooting Is Better (1968) - Frank Richards
* The Son of Black Eagle (1968) - Alexej Andrejevich
* Black Jack (1968) - Indian Joe
* Time and Place for Killing (1968) - Manuel Trianas
* Indovina chi viene a merenda? (1969) - Comandante Tiger
* Ms. Stiletto (1969) - Baron Eric von Nutter
* Franco, Ciccio e il pirata Barbanera (1969) - Il Pirata Flint
* Rangers: attacco ora X (1970) - Captain Cabot
* Le Voyou (1970)
* The Tigers of Mompracem (1970) - Man Saved from Crocodiles
* The Deserter (1971) - Apache Chief Mangus Durango
* Una pistola per cento croci (1971) - Luis / Louis / Frank Damon
* He Was Called Holy Ghost (1971) - Indian Sheriff
* Panhandle 38 (1972) - Sheriff Jones
* The Arena (1974) - Rufinius
* Catene (1974) - Giovanni
* Violent City (1975) - De Julis
* That Malicious Age (1975) - Waterloo
* Natale in casa d'appuntamento (1976) - Alberto
* Convoy Busters (1978) - Corchi
* Sicilian Connection (1987) - Dr. De Majo
* 28° minuto (1991) - Police commissioner
* A Cold, Cold Winter (1996) - Leo (final film role)
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WIKI
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Parramore (disambiguation)
Parramore is a neighborhood in west-central Orlando, Florida, US.
Parramore may also refer to:
Places
* Holden–Parramore Historic District
* Parramore Island, Accomack County, Virginia, US; a barrier island in Chesapeake Bay, see Parramore Island Natural Area Preserve
* Parramore Island Natural Area Preserve, a nature preserve on the island
People
* James B. Parramore (1840-1902) Mayor of Orlando, Florida, US
* Makeba Wilbourn (born 1973, nee Parramore), American psychologist
* Thomas C. Parramore (1932-2004), American historian
Sports
* Handsworth Parramore F.C., the Parramore soccer team from Handsworth, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, UK
* Parramore Sports F.C., a soccer team from Worksop, Nottinghamshire, England, UK
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WIKI
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Fiji Red Cross Society
The Fiji Red Cross Society is a humanitarian organisation which currently has 16 branches across Fiji. Originally founded in 1952 as a branch of the British Red Cross, it gained status as a stand-alone national red cross society in 1972. In 1973 it became the 118th member of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It provides emergency relief in the aftermath of conflict and natural disaster, and contributes to developing resilience in communities more at risk from natural disaster.
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WIKI
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Team:Goettingen/iGEM/Saftey
From 2012.igem.org
Deutsch / English
Safety
1.) Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in terms of researcher public or environmental safety?
Researcher safety (organisms)
No, the organisms we are working with do not pose risk to anyone’s safety or health. We are using six Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains for our experiments: K12, DH10B, DH5α, BL21, XL1 blue, RP437 and MG1655. All of them are defined as level 1 biosafety (S1) organisms by the German Regulation on Security Levels and Precautions at Genetic Predispositions ([http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentsv/index.html#BJNR023400990BJNE001503320 view here]). The regulation specifies S1 organisms as biological agents that are unlikely to cause diseases to healthy laboratory workers, animals or plants.
In our laboratory, the work with E. coli is only allowed under the sterile bench to avoid contamination and to minimize the risk of spreading. While working with the organism, it is the responsibility of all team members to wear lab coats and protective gloves. After working with E. coli, all contaminated utensils have to be autoclaved and the benches have to be cleaned with 70% ethanol.
Furthermore, S1 organisms are not able to survive under non-laboratory conditions, which prevents harm to the environment (according to [http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentsv/index.html#BJNR023400990BJNE001503320 www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentsv]).
Researches safety (materials)
Yes. As every laboratory setting our laboratory also entails a few safety hazards.
We are using ethidium bromide, an intercalating agent, for staining DNA in agarose gels. We are aware of the fact that ethidium bromide is a mutagen and carcinogen. Therefore, the work with ethidium bromide is only permitted at a marked area in the laboratory and it is essential to wear nitrile gloves. The agarose gels containing ethidium bromide are disposed of in a specially marked container according to the rules of the Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry. While working with ethidium bromide gels, it is necessary to wear a lab coat, nitrile gloves and a face protection to avoid UV damage.
Furthermore, a risk while working with agarose is boiling retardation. In order to minimize this risk, every student has to wear special heat-stable and thick gloves.
Moreover, the work with polyacrylamide gels for SDS-PAGE experiments contains a risk of coming into contact with carcinogens. Similar to ethidium bromide, it is always necessary to wear nitrile gloves.
Antibiotics represent another risk for researcher. The concentrations of the antibiotics are relatively low in our experiments and gloves have to be worn as well.
It is necessary to guarantee emergency service; therefore there are always two or more students present in the laboratory. Additionally, during the S1 security instruction, we were introduced to the emergency and eye shower and the emergency exits. The risk of a fire through the Bunsen burner is very low. In case of a fire, an alarm signal would start immediately.
2.) Do any of the new BioBrick parts (or devices) that you made this year raise any safety issues? If yes, did you document these issues in the Registry and how did you manage to handle the safety issue?
No. The biobrick parts we created do not equip our model organisms with further abilities, but they improve the already existing ones. All parts conform to the already mentioned principles on security levels and precautions provided by the German Federal Ministry of Justice (view [http://www.bmj.de/EN/Home/home_node.html here]).
However, the subsequent application (e.g. in the field of medicine) of our modified organism might demand further safety precautions. The introduction of E. coli to the human body induces a strong immune response due to the presence of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at the bacterial surface. To avoid inflammations and other defensive reactions a modification of the LPS structure, the O-antigen or the capsules should be considered.
3.) Is there a local biosafety group, committee, or review board at your institution?
a. If yes, what does your local biosafety group think about your project?
b. If no, which specific biosafety rules or guidelines do you have to consider in your country?
Yes, there is a department for security and environmental safety at our university, which comprises a subgroup for genetic engineering.
We discussed our project concerning safety issues with two employees and came to the conclusion that our project is compliant to the German Biosafety level 1 guidelines. According to the contact person in the administrative department of industrial safety/environmental protection (view [http://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/100640.html here]), there is no risk to harm the population or the environment by our modified organisms.
In Germany the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety determines the guidelines for biosafety (click [http://www.bvl.bund.de/EN/Home/homepage_node.html here] to be redirected to the homepage of the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety).
Furthermore the Federal Office of Justice provides information about the current laws concerning the work in laboratories conducting genetic engineering ([http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gentsv/index.html#BJNR023400990BJNE001503320 here]).
We also gathered information about environmental safety in the online guidelines (view [http://www.umwelt-online.de/regelwerk/ here]).
If particular questions beyond the safety instructions arise we consult the book “Working Safely in Laboratories – Basic principles and Guidelines” edited by the "Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung" (DGUV) in 2011 or the homepage of the DGUV (view [http://www.dguv.de/inhalt/ihrPartner/arbGeb/gesSch/index.jsp here]).
Being students of the University of Göttigen in case of accidents we are covered by an insurance of the "Berufsgenossenschaft Landesunfallskasse Niedersachsen" (view the regulations [http://www.luk-nds.de/versicherte/kinder-schueler-studierende/Hochschule_Versicherungsschutz.php here]).
4.) Do you have any other ideas how to deal with safety issues that could be useful for future iGEM competitions? How could parts, devices and systems be made even safer through biosafety engineering?
In general, the organisms utilized in the iGEM competion are not likely to cause harm to the scientists or the environment if released from the laboratory. The major risk factor is an inserted gene that could equip the host with a possible dangerous new ability. It would be beneficial to destroy the organism even after it contaminated the surroundings e.g. through the expression of a “suicide gene”.
The possibility of an unwanted expression of a gene could be reduced by using for instance the “double-click mechanism” that was introduced by the iGEM team Chiba in the year 2010 (to be redirected to the homepage of team Chiba 2010 click here).
Genetic- and biotechnical-engineering are often viewed by the population as much more dangerous as they actually are, thus a better enlightenment of the public for instance by human practice events (e.g. nationwide Synthetic Biology Day in Germany) would reduce the suspicion and lead to a better trust in such scientific approaches.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Six Nations: Full Contact
Six Nations: Full Contact is a television documentary series produced in a collaboration between Netflix and the Six Nations, to give a behind-the-scenes look at the players and matches of the Six Nations Championship. The first season, covering the 2023 Six Nations Championship, was released on 24 January 2024.
Production and concept
In January 2023, Netflix ordered a behind-the-scenes series on the 2023 Six Nations Championship.
Release
The trailer for the first season was released on 17 January 2024, and on 24 January 2024, the series premiered on Netflix.
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WIKI
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Database Command Logging:
In this section, you will learn how to log commands & queries sent to the database by Entity Framework.
Prior to EF 6, we used the database tracing tool or third party tracing utility to trace database queries and commands sent by Entity Framework. Now, EF 6 provides a simple mechanism to log everything that Entity Framework is doing. It logs all the activity performed by EF using context.database.Log
You can attach any method of any class, which accepts one string parameter and returns void.
In the following example, we use Console.Write method to log EF activities:
using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
context.Database.Log = Console.Write;
var student = context.Students
.Where(s => s.StudentName == "Student1").FirstOrDefault<Student>();
student.StudentName = "Edited Name";
context.SaveChanges();
}
Output:
database loggin output
You can see in the output that it logs all the activities performed by EF, e.g. opening & closing connection, execution & completion time and database queries & commands.
Context.Database.Log is an Action<string> so that you can attach any method which has one string parameter and void return type. For example:
public class Logger
{
public static void Log(string message)
{
Console.WriteLine("EF Message: {0} ", message);
}
}
class EF6Demo
{
public static void DBCommandLogging()
{
using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
context.Database.Log = Logger.Log;
var student = context.Students
.Where(s => s.StudentName == "Student1").FirstOrDefault<Student>();
student.StudentName = "Edited Name";
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
Download DB First sample project for DB command logging demo.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
|
Hepatitis
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Viral Hepatitis
A common cause of hepatitis is an infection with a virus. The five viruses primarily associated with hepatitis are named in the order of their discovery: A, B, C, D, and E. In the United States, acute viral hepatitis is most commonly caused by hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV), while only HBV and HCV cause chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis A is highly contagious and is spread through water and food that have been contaminated with the virus. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were just under 3,000 new cases of hepatitis A in 2007, but actual numbers may have been higher because many people may not have known that they had the disease. Symptoms may be flu-like and are frequently not identified as being due to hepatitis. Rates of hepatitis A have been dropping and are the lowest in 40 years due to a vaccine introduced in 1995. Hepatitis A causes an acute infection but not a chronic form of the disease. Treatment usually involves only supportive therapy, and most patients recover fully within about six months.
Hepatitis B can be spread by exposure to contaminated blood or needles, through unprotected sex with an infected person, and from an infected mother to baby. It is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis. According to the CDC, there were over 4,500 acute cases in 2007 in the U.S., although the number may be as much as 10 times higher because many people either have few or no symptoms and/or did not report the disease. In the same year, the number of new cases of HBV in the U.S. was approximately 43,000, a decline from 1991 of about 82%. The dramatic drop in new cases coincided with a new recommendation in 1991 that all newborns be routinely vaccinated.
Most adults with HBV will get better without any intervention, but about 1-3% become carriers - chronically infected and able to spread the disease to others. Currently, it is estimated that 800,000 to 1.4 million people in the U.S. have chronic HBV. Newborns and young children are especially vulnerable to chronic HBV infection. Up to 90% of newborns and 25-50% of children 1 to 5 years old who are infected with hepatitis B virus develop a chronic infection. With the advent of screening pregnant women for hepatitis B and the vaccination of newborns, the number of infected babies has fallen. Most chronic hepatitis B infections are now seen in people born in parts of the world (particularly southern and eastern Asia, southern Europe, and Africa) where infection among newborns still remains common. An estimated 350 million people around the world are chronically infected with HBV.
Hepatitis C is spread by exposure to contaminated blood. The most common mechanism of exposure is the sharing of needles or other "works" used in injecting drugs of abuse such as cocaine or heroin. Other means of becoming infected include occupational exposure of health care workers to used needles or other sharp objects, through sexual activity that results in tissue tears, from mother to baby during childbirth, and sharing personal items contaminated with blood such as razors and toothbrushes.
In 2007, there were only 849 cases of confirmed acute hepatitis C reported in the United States, but the CDC estimates that the number of new cases is actually much higher - about 17,000. Many cases are not reported and many people do not know they have an infection because they have no symptoms. HCV is less common than hepatitis B as a cause of acute hepatitis but is the most common cause of chronic hepatitis. According to the CDC, about 75% to 85% of those exposed to the virus develop chronic hepatitis C infection. In addition, about 60% to 70% develop chronic liver disease, roughly 5% to 20% will develop cirrhosis over many years, and 1% to 5% are estimated to die from a condition that results from chronic infection such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.
There is no vaccine available to prevent hepatitis C, but research is in progress to develop one. Currently, the best way to avoid getting infected is to limit exposure to possible sources of the virus, especially avoiding the sharing of needles to inject drugs.
Hepatitis D and E are rare in the U.S. Hepatitis D only causes an infection when hepatitis B is present and can make that infection more severe. It is usually spread by exposure to blood or infected needles. Hepatitis E is spread in a similar fashion to hepatitis A and is found primarily in Asia, Africa, and South America.
Signs and Symptoms of viral hepatitis correspond to those of hepatitis in general. See the section on Signs and Symptoms for detailed information.
Laboratory Tests
There are a variety of antibody and antigen tests that are available to help diagnose and/or monitor hepatitis caused by the specific hepatitis viruses. For testing information on the most common causes of viral hepatitis, see the pages on hepatitis A, B, and C or see the summary information on them in the table below.
Summary Table: Most common causes of viral hepatitis
Virus Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
Transmission Route Fecal-oral Infected needle or blood, sexual contact Infected needle or blood, sexual contact
Incubation Time (acute infection) 15-50 days 45-160 days 14-180 days
Onset Sudden Either sudden or slow, unnoticed Usually slow, unnoticed
Severity Mild Occasionally severe Usually slow-developing and symptoms not specific or strong
Chronic form? No Yes Yes
Associated with other diseases? None Liver cancer, cirrhosis Liver cancer, cirrhosis
Testing to Diagnose Acute Infection HAV-Ab, IgM HBsAg, Anti-HBc, IgM Anti-HCV, HCV RNA (note - may have same results as in chronic hepatitis)
Testing to Diagnose Chronic Infection or to Monitor Treatment N/A HBsAg, HBV DNA, HBeAg, Anti-HBe Anti-HCV (once), HCV RNA or viral load, HCV genotype (once)
Tests that Detect Previous Infection HAV-Ab, IgG Anti-HBs, Anti-HBc total Anti-HCV
Vaccine available? Yes Yes No
Common Treatment None Chronic form - Interferon, entecavir, tenofovir, lamivudine, adefovir Chronic form - Interferon (usually with ribavirin)
Abbreviations Defined
HAV-Ab = Hepatitis A Antibody
Anti-HBs = Hepatitis B surface antibody
HBsAg = Hepatitis B surface antigen
HBeAg = Hepatitis B e-antigen
Anti-HBe = Hepatitis B e-antibody
Anti-HBc = Anti-hepatitis B core antigen
HBV DNA = Hepatitis B Virus (test for virus genetic material)
Anti-HCV = Hepatitis C Antibody
HCV RNA = Hepatitis C Virus (test for virus genetic material)
HCV Viral Load = A detection and/or count of the amount of virus in the blood
HCV Genotype = Determines the type of Hepatitis C present (1 of 6 types)
Prevention
The incidence of new cases of viral hepatitis has decreased due to use of safe injection and safe sex practices (important in preventing hepatitis B and C) and the availability of vaccines for hepatitis A and hepatitis B (there is currently no vaccine available for hepatitis C). Screening units of blood for hepatitis B and C has virtually eliminated infections through blood transfusions. A systematic program to screen pregnant mothers for hepatitis B and to vaccinate all newborns has greatly decreased new cases of hepatitis B.
Treatment
Support and symptom relief are frequently the only treatments required for acute viral hepatitis A, B, and C. This usually involves plenty of rest, fluids, and nutritious food. With hepatitis A, most people recover without any complications. With hepatitis B and C, some people may develop chronic forms of the disease. The goal with chronic forms is to minimize further damage to the liver, to treat underlying conditions that are causing or exacerbating the condition, and to prevent transmission of viral hepatitis to others. There are medications available to treat chronic hepatitis B and C, but not all people need to be treated. The antiviral drugs that are given can have serious side effects. Often, people with chronic hepatitis will be closely monitored to see if they develop cirrhosis or liver cancer. New treatments, vaccines, and prevention strategies for viral hepatitis continue to emerge. It is important to talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of currently available options.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Dezminxxx
! record !! date !!
* win || 6/5/10 ||
* win || 5/20/10 ||
* win || 5/15/10 ||
* win || 4/23/10 ||
* win || 4/10/10 ||
* win || 10/4/09 ||
* win || 8/6/09 ||
* win || 7/25/09 ||
* win || 7/2/09 ||
* win || 5/7/09 ||
* }
* win || 8/6/09 ||
* win || 7/25/09 ||
* win || 7/2/09 ||
* win || 5/7/09 ||
* }
* win || 7/2/09 ||
* win || 5/7/09 ||
* }
* }
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WIKI
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[Date Prev][Date Next] [Chronological] [Thread] [Top]
alias dereferencing versus referrals
This is my second post of this cry for help:
Imagine the following DIT :
(DSA_1)
dn: c=pt
dn: ou=orgA, c=pt (objectClass referral, extensibleObject/ ref =
<DSA_2>/ou=orgA,c=pt)
|
| (DSA_2)
dn: ou=orgA, c=pt(objectClass:organizationalUnit)
dn: ou=orgAUnit, ou=orgA, c=pt(objectClass:organizationalUnit)
Imagine further that we're connected to DSA_1, and that we're not following
or handling referrals or continuation references.
The problem is that whenever I set alias dereferencing to FINDING, a search
with base ou=orgAUnit, ou=orgA, c=pt returns NoSuchObject. However, by
setting it to SEARCHING I get a ReferralError, which was my expected result.
The fact that alias dereferencing settings affect the search result WHEN NO
ALIASES ARE INVOLVED seems strange to me.
This must be a problem with the server rigth?
If so, is this behaviour according to any standard? More important, IS THIS
A BUG?
Please, I really need help on this.
Thank you,
Nuno.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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RTL to buy Sky Deutschland for €150mn in TV consolidation effort
RTL has agreed to buy Comcast’s Sky Deutschland for €150 million as the media conglomerate seeks to stave off competition from US streaming platforms.
On top of the €150mn upfront cost, the group may pay a further €377mn if RTL’s share price rises above €41 apiece five years after the deal’s close.
RTL said that the acquisition, if approved by regulators, would allow it to become the third-biggest provider of streaming services in Germany after Netflix and Amazon Prime. The deal is expected to close next year.
Comcast, Sky’s parent firm since 2018, has been looking to sell Sky Deutschland for several years. The German subsidiary has never made a profit but it is expected to break even this year.
The firm has notably been struggling as competition from streaming services heats up. However, Sky won a significant deal to exclusively show most Bundesliga football matches last year, through to the end of the 2028-29 season, boosting its attractiveness.
“The business is on track to achieve EBITDA break-even, reflecting the success of our turnaround plan. Combining the strength of our brand with RTL builds on that momentum and opens up even greater opportunities,” Dana Strong, Group CEO at Sky, said in a statement.
Related
Warner Bros. Discovery to split, dividing TV and streaming services
Netflix and France’s TF1 join forces as traditional TV struggles
Thomas Rabe, CEO of RTL, noted: “the synergies are estimated to be around €250mn per annum within three years after closing, creating significant shareholder value”.
Combined, the groups will have around 11.5mn subscribers. Under the terms of the deal, RTL will have the right to use the Sky brand in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol.
RTL has been looking to secure new revenue streams through premium subscriptions, as it operates several television and radio stations that are free to air.
The decision to buy Sky Deutschland is the biggest deal it has struck since it was formed in 2000.
In 2023, RTL had its eyes on another consolidation project, bidding to acquire Dutch media conglomerate Talpa Network.
Competition authorities said the merged group would be too dominant in the Netherlands. RTL then proposed to sell its Dutch subsidiary RTL Nederland to Belgium-based DPG Media, although regulators have yet to give the green light.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Importing data from existing DB table into new
So as I explained here I’ve been unable to change the primary key to autogenerate in an existing database table, and it seems creating a new table and importing all my other data is the easiest way to deal with it. How exactly would I do this?
I’m running LibreOffice 7.0.0.3 on Windows 10.
Some questions first:
1. Do you have more than a single ‘target’ table in your database? (NOTE: I am calling the ‘target’ table the one you want to modify its PK to autovalue)
2. If ‘yes’ to 1 above, are there foreign keys (FKs) referencing the PK values in your ‘target’ table (that makes life more complicated because the PK values existing your ‘target’ table can’t be changed if they reference existing FKs in other tables.)
3. It might help if you could post a SANITIZED (with some dummy data) TEST BASE file of database so we can see the SCHEMA (design) of your tables, or a SCREENSHOT of your table-edit window for each of your tables.
What we’re aiming to do is create a NEW empty “target” table with an autovalue PK and import your original table into it without changing any of your existing PK values, and then delete the original “target” table. (Anyone else, please feel free to help with this problem.)
Sorry for the slow response on this–been swamped with all kinds of work and so haven’t had the chance to look at this anymore. The only table I want to change is the primary key. I’m happy to just create a new table and just copy the data over if that would be easier, but I’m not sure how to do that either–when I tried to just copy/paste the row it only copied the info from the first row. I’ve edited the question to include screenshots of a sample of the sort of data and the table edit window.
Hello,
Created & tested this process some time ago. Should work for you also.
For this it is best to save a copy of the Base file before proceeding - backup in case you have a problem.
1) Copy the original table and paste with a new name.
2) Delete the original table name
3) Open the copied original table in Edit mode
4) Select ‘Create Table in Design View’
5) In copied original table, in leftmost column (left of first field name) select all fields. Do this by left mouse click on first field line, then hold down the shift key and the left mouse click on last field line. Then either “Ctrl+c” or right mouse click & select “Copy”.
6) In new table definition, right mouse click on first field line (again left of field name area) and select “Paste”
7) Now modify the auto increment field to your choice of Yes or NO.
8) Save the new table (use the original table name – before it was copied).
9) Close copied original & new table definitions.
10) Right mouse click copied original table name & select “Copy”
11) Right mouse click newly defined table name & select “Paste”
a) Dialog appears
b) Insure ‘Table name:’ is correct
c) Insure ‘Append data’ is selected
d) Click on ‘Create’ button
Verify newly table is correct. Then if so, delete other table data was copied from.
You should also reset the starting value of the auto increment field:
Get the largest current value of the key. Can get by running query:
Select MAX("ID") from "YOUR_TABLE_NAME"
Then, using that value, from menu on main screen of .odb, Tools->SQL… enter:
alter table "YOUR_TABLE_NAME" alter "ID" restart with NNNN;
where NNNN is the value of the highest primary key obtained.
Test inserting a new record.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:How and Why Library 186.jpg
people he seems happiest when he is young; when he is a lively little tadpole. See him flirt and flip and flash through the water, playing with his little brother and sister tadpoles, as boys and girls play with each other, in the sunshine. Later, when he puts legs on his body and teeth in his mouth, hops out into the hard world and earns his living, he has many sober moments.
It would be better for Mr. Frog if he could stay longer with his mama—or even if he knew he had a mama to stay with! And Mama Frog would learn to be much brighter and to bring up brighter sons and daughters if she stayed with her little ones and brooded them and fed them, for awhile, as the birds do.
For, as we know, it is the animals that stay longest with their mamas and brothers and sisters that are the brightest and best of all. This whole group of animals to which the frog belongs are named "ver'-te-brates"—which means they have backbones. You're a ver'-te-brate. All Mama Frog ever does for her little ones is to find a nice, warm shallow place in which to lay her eggs. This she does in the spring. These eggs she covers with a thick coat of jelly that helps protect them from fish and other water animals that like a breakfast of fresh frog eggs.
After while, lying in this warmed shallow water, the frog's egg begins to grow long and narrow. A tadpole is on the inside stretching himself, after a sound sleep. And, sure enough, pretty soon, out wriggles a baby tadpole.
He doesn't seem to know yet that he is a baby frog. He seems to think he's an oyster; for he first fastens himself to a water weed or something of that sort, with a sucker fastener like the oyster's foot. Later, this sucker foot turns into a mouth—or rather he lets go, and begins to swim around and uses for a mouth what he had been using for a foot.
It is as if he said to himself: "No, come to think of it, I'm not an oyster. I'm a fish."
And so he goes plowing himself through the water like a fish, not backing himself through the water like a crawfish. But he still carries his lungs, that is, his gills, on the outside, very much as the lobster does all his life. So, for a while, it looks as if he had "half a notion" to be, not a fish, but a crawfish.
"But no," he says. "I think it will be more fun to play fish." So he soon gets rid of the outside gills and grows a new set that he puts inside, under a lid—just as the fish does.
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WIKI
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Windows XP Search
I have long been frustrated by the Search capabilities of Windows XP. In particular I hate the multitude of hidden options, that stupid dog, so reminiscent of the hated paper clip, and most of all it’s seeming inability to search for something I know exists. The latter problem is exacerbated when trying to find text within a file. I have resorted in the past to opening each file by hand to find something that I know exists but Windows Search tells me is not there.
Today I decided enough was enough and did a search on a proper search engine (Google) in order to find the answer. The good news is that there is an explanation for this behaviour and the solution provided really does work. It seems that Windows has a list of files that it can be bothered to look inside to find a piece of text and if your file type happens to not be on this list then Windows won’t bother checking it. Oh and it won’t bother to tell you that it has done it either, just tell you that no files match your search criteria.
Is it just me of does this just seem crazy? Microsoft have taken the trouble to dumb down the interface to make it user friendly enough so my parents can use it and for that added comfy touch have added a cuddly dog. Then they don’t bother to search every file and don’t bother to say so – not so user friendly now are you!
And the fix for this problem, so neatly described by Microsoft themselves as ‘Using the “A word or phrase in the file” search criterion may not work’, is no user friendly fix either. The knowledge base article includes a huge long list of file types that this might affect but didn’t include mine (PHP) and then suggests hacking the registry to get the coverage you need. Then, at the bottom of the article, are seven steps to turning off this functionality completely and have it search within every file – brilliant! Now why isn’t that the default?
If you want to put yourself out of search misery then you can find details of the Windows Search fix here or, alternatively, you could just skip Windows Search completely and install Google Desktop
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Harvard Catalyst Profiles
Contact, publication, and social network information about Harvard faculty and fellows.
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BLRD Research Career Scientist Award Application
Biography
Overview
Sleep loss and sleep disorders (e.g., sleep apnea) lead to excessive daytime sleepiness and impaired attention & cognition. The symptoms of sleep disturbance are now recognized as major contributors to accident rates and decreased workplace productivity. Attention, concentration, and cognitive problems are also a major feature of other disorders that are prevalent in US veterans ? e.g., TBI, PTSD, Alzheimer's disease, depression, substance use disorder, and schizophrenia. Understanding the brain circuitry controlling attention will guide the development of treatments to ameliorate cognitive impairments of these conditions. Abundant evidence indicates that the basal forebrain (BF) region contains cortically projecting & wakefulness promoting neurons that are important for cortical activation, behavioral arousal/alertness, and attention. Although previous work has focused on the role of BF cholinergic neurons in attention, advances in optogenetic methods allow the investigation of BF parvalbumin (PV) containing GABAergic neurons. Work on my current Merit grant indicates that selective excitation of BF PV neurons in mice produces cortical activation, wakefulness, and behavioral arousal. Our new data show that excitation of BF PV neurons enhances vigilant attention to rescue reaction time deficits produced by sleep loss and also enhances attention-dependent associative learning without affecting motivation (i.e. hunger, a potential side effect) or reward (i.e. abuse potential). Our overarching hypothesis to explain these findings is that BF PV neurons mediate rapid changes in alertness/attention by quickly activating the cortex in anticipation of, or in response to, meaningful or surprising sensory stimuli. Research methods used to evaluate this hypothesis include i) fiber photometry to measure the activity of BF PV neurons, and, ii) optogenetic methods to either excite or inhibit these neurons in mice; both approaches are combined with behavioral tests and measures of cortical electrical activity. The translational relevance of this basic science project is that BF PV excitation may be used to enhance cognition with limited side effects and low abuse potential. The overarching goal of this research program is to understand the mechanisms of basal forebrain regulation of cortical activity and cognition which could lead to treatments for a variety of disorders that impact US Veterans. For example, the pro-cognitive properties of the BF PV model described above can be readily applied to additional mouse models of diseases that are prevalent in the US Veteran population including Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Indeed, other ongoing studies with research fellow (Dr. Felipe Schiffino) and collaborators (Drs. Jay McNally & Lee Goldstein) are testing BF PV excitation benefits in mouse models of AD and TBI. 1
IK6BX005714
STRECKER, ROBERT E
Time
2021-04-01
2026-03-31
Funded by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, grant number UL1TR002541.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Donald G. SPENCER, Appellant, v. Jesse BROWN, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Appellee.
No. 90-1360.
United States Court of Veterans Appeals.
Argued Oct. 29, 1992.
Decided March 1, 1993.
Michael P. Horan, Washington, DC, for appellant.
Adam K. Llewellyn, with whom James A. Endicott, Jr., Gen. Counsel, David T. Lan-ders, Acting Asst. Gen. Counsel, Andrew J. Mullen, Deputy Asst. Gen. Counsel, and Angela Foehl, Washington, DC, were on the pleadings, for appellee.
Before NEBEKER, Chief Judge, and MANKIN and STEINBERG, Associate Judges.
STEINBERG, Associate Judge:
The appellant, veteran Donald G. Spencer, appeals a July 23, 1990, decision of the Board of Veterans’ Appeals (BVA or Board) denying service connection for multiple sclerosis (MS). Donald G. Spencer, BVA 90-25138 (July 23, 1990). The appellant asserts that, although he did not submit evidence that was “new and material”, under the precedents of this Court, so as to reopen his previously and finally denied claim, the Board was required to review his claim de novo pursuant to 38 U.S.C.A. § 5110(g) (West 1991) and the Veterans’ Judicial Review Act (VJRA), Pub.L. No. 100-687, 102 Stat. 4105 (1988), or, alternatively, that his evidence must be considered new and material because the Board at the time of its prior decisions had been statutorily prohibited from considering similar evidence then submitted. The Court will affirm the Board’s decision.
I. BACKGROUND
The veteran had active service from March 1944 to February 1946. R. at 11. His induction physical was negative for defects. On his separation examination, it was reported that he had had a left-knee operation in 1938 and back strain in 1944. Ibid. In December 1946, the veteran filed with a Veterans’ Administration (now Department of Veterans Affairs) (VA) regional office (RO) a claim for service connection for backache, submitting a private examination report stating that he had some limitation on forward bending and a “crackling sensation on extremes of flexion”. Ibid. At an April 1947 VA examination, the veteran reported intermittent low back pain since service with some limitation of motion. Ibid. The RO denied the claim in June 1947. Ibid.
In November 1976, the veteran filed a claim with the VARO for service connection for MS. He submitted a statement from a private physician, Dr. Edward J. Fredericks, who stated that he had treated the veteran since November 1975, and that the veteran had MS. Dr. Fredericks further stated:
The history suggests the possibility that he had his first attack of multiple sclerosis in the spring of 1945, following a plane crash. He apparently had numbness and weakness of his legs for several weeks at that time, which I suspect was not a direct result of his injury. It is not possible to prove that this was his first episode of [MS], but it is certainly possible.
R. at 1. In a November 9, 1976, decision, the RO denied the claim. R. at 2.
In March 1977, the veteran submitted another letter from Dr. Fredericks, stating: “I have reviewed [the veteran’s] neurologic history dating back to the spring of 1945 and have read a letter from one of his companions at that time. The history suggests the probability that he had his first attack of [MS] in the spring of 1945.” R. at 7. He subsequently submitted statements, from other private physicians who had treated him for back and leg problems between 1966 and 1977, that the veteran’s problems could have been indicative of MS (R. at 28-29, 34), and several lay statements that the veteran had had back problems in service (R. at 8-9, 38-39) and had had trouble walking and problems with his back and legs since service (R. at 25, 34).
On November 7, 1977, the veteran testified under oath at a hearing before the RO that he had been in an airplane crash in service in the spring of 1945 (R. at 45); that he had experienced fatigue and numbness during service prior to the airplane crash (R. at 45); that he had had extreme back pain and trouble ambulating after the crash (R. at 45); that after the crash he had collapsed and been temporarily paralyzed during a basketball game (R. at 46); and that he had had back problems shortly after his discharge from service, when he was attending college (R. at 50). He testified that he had sought and received treatment in the early 1950s for back and leg problems, fatigue, and numbness (R. at 52, 59), that he had been found to have a high level of albumin in his urine during service (R. at 53-54) (which he contends is indicative of MS), and that he had served in the inactive Navy Reserves after his discharge (R. at 64).
In a May 24, 1978, decision, the BVA denied service connection for MS and for a back disability. R. at 83. With regard to the MS claim, the Board stated that Dr. Fredericks’ opinion was unsupported by the evidence of record, that his opinion was based primarily on history related by the veteran, that service medical records were negative for complaints of leg numbness or weakness, and that examinations in 1946 and 1947 had revealed no neurological abnormalities. On January 10, 1980, an expanded panel of the Board, in a reconsideration decision, also denied the claims. R. at 93.
In 1983, the veteran submitted additional evidence, including a lay statement from his brother-in-law stating that he had lived with the veteran from 1948 to 1952 and had lived in the same neighborhood until 1959, and that the veteran had then had problems with his legs, back, and eyes requiring him to visit several doctors. R. at 99. He submitted a lay statement from his former college roommate from the fall of 1946, stating that the veteran had then suffered from excessive fatigue and a left-foot dangle. R. at 100. In an October 1983 report of an examination, Dr. Robert L. Chesa-now, a private neurologist, stated that he had examined all the medical and lay evidence relating to the veteran’s claimed disability, conducted a neurological examination of the veteran, and concluded that the evidence established “that the patient’s [MS] began during 1944-45 (age 20), with a high degree of medical probability”, and that “[t]he facts can be interpreted in no other way.” R. at 101-05. At a November 1983 personal hearing before the RO, the veteran and Dr. Chesanow both testified under oath. R. at 106-18.
In an October 4, 1984, decision, the BVA denied the MS claim, stating that the lay statements and testimony submitted since the prior BVA decision in 1980 were all “essentially similar” to those previously considered. R. at 141. With regard to Dr. Chesanow’s statement and testimony, the Board stated that it was “based to a considerable extent upon information supplied to him by the veteran more than 37 years subsequent to service discharge”, and concluded that Dr. Chesanow’s statement did not present an adequate evidentiary basis reasonably supporting a finding that MS was actually present in service or within the presumption period. R. at 142.
In 1986, the veteran sought to reopen his claim and informed the RO that he had served in the Army Reserves and Massachusetts National Guard from June 14, 1950, to August 25, 1958, and that he had served in the inactive Navy Reserves from 1946 until 1950. R. at 148. In a March 30, 1987, decision, the Board again denied the claim. R. at 154.
In May 1989, the veteran and his wife appeared at a personal hearing before the RO and testified under oath that the veteran had had problems with his back and legs since service, including numbness, tingling, fatigue, and trouble ambulating, and that he had, at times, had to use canes to ambulate. R. at 175-94.
In its July 23, 1990, decision here on appeal, the BVA again denied the claim. The Board noted: “No specific allegations of obvious error have been made with respect to these determinations in the current appeal. The question for consideration is, therefore, whether the additional evidence presented creates a new factual basis warranting allowance of service connection.” Spencer, BVA 90-25138, at 6. The Board concluded that “the additional evidence consisting of personal hearing testimony does not reasonably establish that the veteran’s [MS] is the result of his active service.” Ibid. The Board went on to state that the earlier medical opinions were based on the history provided by the veteran many years after service, that the history was not confirmed by contemporaneous clinical records, and that the plane crash in service was not mentioned in his service records. Id. at 6-7.
At oral argument on the present appeal, the Court requested the parties to submit supplemental memoranda addressing, inter alia, the issue of whether the scope of the VA’s authority to reopen a claim in the event of new and material evidence was changed by the VJRA and whether the VA’s practice with regard to reopening claims upon new and material evidence had been in conformance with the statutory requirements prior to the VJRA. The parties filed those memoranda on November 12 and 19, 1992.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Two-Part Test for Reopening Previously and Finally Denied Claims
Pursuant to 38 U.S.C.A. § 5108 (West 1991), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs (Secretary) is required to reopen a previously and finally denied claim when “new and material evidence” is presented or secured with respect to that claim. See also 38 U.S.C.A. § 7104(b) (West 1991). On claims to reopen previously and finally denied claims, the BVA must conduct a two-step analysis. See Manio v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 140, 145 (1991). First, it must determine whether the evidence presented or secured since the prior final disal-lowance of the claim is “new and material”. If it is, the Board must then review the new evidence “in the context of” the old to determine whether the prior disposition of the claim should be altered. See Jones (McArthur) v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 210, 215 (1991).
In this case, which was decided prior to this Court’s decision in Manió, supra, the Board did not apply the two-step test for adjudicating claims to reopen previously and finally denied claims. Instead, it stated the issue as “whether the additional evidence presented creates a new factual basis warranting allowance of service connection”, and concluded that “the additional evidence consisting of personal hearing testimony does not reasonably establish that the veteran’s multiple sclerosis is the result of his active service.” Spencer, BVA 90-25138, at 6. Because the BVA did not apply the two-step Manió test, it is not clear from its decision whether the Board concluded that there was new and material evidence to reopen the veteran’s claim for service connection of his MS.
The determination as to whether evidence is “new and material” is a conclusion of law which this Court reviews de novo under 38 U.S.C.A. § 7261(a)(1) (West 1991). See Masors v. Derwinski, 2 Vet.App. 181, 185 (1992); Jones, 1 Vet.App. at 213; Colvin v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 171, 174 (1991). Evidence is new if it is not “merely cumulative” of evidence already in the record. Colvin, supra. Evidence is “material” if it is “relevant [to] and probative of the issue at hand” and there is “a reasonable possibility that the new evidence, when viewed in the context of all the evidence, both new and old, would change the outcome.” Colvin, supra. The only evidence received by VA after the 1987 final BVA decision was the 1990 sworn testimony of the veteran and his wife. That testimony is no more than a reiteration of testimony and lay statements that were before the Board at the time it rendered its prior decisions. R. at 8-9, 25, 34, 38-39, 41-67, 100, 106-18. Therefore, subject to the discussion in part C., below, the 1990 testimony is merely cumulative of evidence previously of record, and it cannot be considered “new and material” so as to justify reopening the veteran’s claim. (Indeed, the appellant’s counsel so conceded at oral argument.) Subject to the same caveat, the claim should not have been reopened and any error attendant on the Board’s failure to apply the proper standards in its adjudication of the claim is harmless. See 38 U.S.C.A. § 7261(b) (West 1991); Kehoskie v. Derwinski, 2 Vet.App. 31, 34 (1991); Godwin v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 419, 425 (1991); Thompson v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 251, 254 (1991).
Although the appellant conceded at oral argument that there was no “new and material evidence”, as those terms have been construed by this Court in its prior decisions, to reopen his claim, he asserts that the Board was required to review his claim de novo, and presents two arguments in support of that assertion. First, the appellant argues that, pursuant to 38 U.S.C.A. § 5110(g) and 38 C.F.R. § 3.114(a) (1992), VA is required to review previously and finally denied claims de novo when there has been an intervening liberalization of a law affecting entitlement to benefits, and that the VJRA is such a liberalizing law. Therefore, the appellant asserts, the VJRA enactment in 1988 requires VA, upon application from a claimant, to review de novo a previously and finally denied claim. Second, the appellant asserts that prior to the VJRA’s enactment the Board was statutorily prohibited from considering as “new and material evidence” anything other than evidence from official service department reports, and that, pursuant to the VJRA provisions amending 38 U.S.C. § 4004(b) (now § 7104) and adding 38 U.S.C. § 3008 (now § 5108), the Board after November 18, 1988, could consider any form of evidence as “new and material evidence”. Therefore, he asserts, the Board could not previously have considered, in its adjudications in 1984 and 1987, any of the testimony or lay and medical evidence submitted subsequent to the Board’s initial final denial of the claim in 1978. Despite the appellant’s concession at oral argument that he had not submitted new and material evidence for purposes of reopening his claim, the gravamen of this argument, asserted at oral argument and in the appellant’s November 19,1992, post-oral-argument memorandum, is that the appellant's 1990 testimony was new and material evidence because it could not be considered cumulative of evidence that the Board had not been permitted by law to consider in its prior decisions, and because it is also relevant and probative and, when viewed in the context of all the evidence, creates a reasonable possibility of changing the outcome.
B. De Novo Review Under the VJRA as a “Liberalizing” Law
Section 7104(b) of title 38, U.S.Code, provides: “Except as provided in section 5108 of this title, when a claim is disallowed by the Board, the claim may not thereafter be reopened and allowed and a claim based upon the same factual basis may not be considered.” 38 U.S.C.A. § 7104(b) (West 1991). As noted in part II.A., above, section 5108 requires the Secretary to reopen previously and finally disallowed claims when new and material evidence is presented or secured with respect to such claims.
Section 5110(g) of title 38, U.S.Code, pertaining to effective dates of VA benefits awards, provides in part:
Subject to the provisions of section 5101 of this title, where compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, or pension is awarded or increased pursuant to any Act or administrative issue, the effective date of such award or increase shall be fixed in accordance with the facts found but shall not be earlier than the effective date of the Act or administrative issue.
38 U.S.C.A. § 5110(g) (West 1991). Similarly, 38 C.F.R. § 3.114(a) (1992), promulgated pursuant to section 5110(g), provides in part:
Where pension, compensation, or dependency and indemnity compensation is awarded or increased pursuant to a liberalizing law, or a liberalizing VA issue approved by the Secretary or by the Secretary’s direction, the effective date of such award shall be fixed in accordance with the facts found, but shall not be earlier than the effective date of the act or administrative issue.
The appellant contends that these statutory and regulatory provisions ■ require VA to conduct de novo review of a previously and finally denied claim, regardless of whether new and material evidence has been presented or secured, when there has been an intervening liberalizing law or VA issue which may affect the disposition of the claim. He further contends that the VJRA is such a liberalizing law, thus requiring VA to adjudicate his claim de novo.
Section 5110(g) does not on its face or by clear implication create a requirement that VA adjudicate de novo a previously and finally denied claim when there has been an intervening liberalizing law that may affect the claimant’s entitlement to benefits. Rather, that section merely provides the means for determining the effective date of any awárd of VA benefits made pursuant to a liberalizing law or administrative issue. However, although section 5110(g) does not explicitly create the right to a de novo adjudication, it appears to be contingent upon, and thus to presuppose, the existence of such a right.
The entitlement to de novo review of a previously and finally denied claim based upon an intervening change in law or regulation creating a new entitlement derives from the new law or regulation itself. When a provision of law or regulation creates a new basis of entitlement to benefits, as through liberalization of the requirements for entitlement to a benefit, an applicant’s claim of entitlement under such law or regulation is a claim separate and distinct from a claim previously and finally denied prior to the liberalizing law or regulation. The applicant’s latter claim, asserting rights which did not exist at the time of the prior claim, is necessarily a different claim. See, e.g., Sawyer v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 130, 133 (1991). Section 7104(b) provides that “when a claim is disallowed by the Board, the claim may not thereafter be reopened and allowed and a claim based upon the same factual basis may not be considered.” Where a claim is based upon a substantive right created by a statutory or regulatory provision that did not exist at the time of the prior final denial of the claim, adjudication of the latter claim is not a “reopening” of the first, such as would be prohibited, absent new and material evidence, by section 7104(b). And the fact of the intervening change in law is itself sufficient to change the factual basis such that the latter claim is not “a claim based upon the same factual basis” as the former claim. Cf. Akins v. Derwinski, 1 Vet.App. 228, 230 (1991) (holding that a presumption created by statute was itself new and material evidence).
Moreover, there is no indication that Congress or VA has intended to preclude, by operation of the finality provisions of section 7104(b), a claimant’s entitlement to benefits under an intervening law providing a new basis for entitlement to benefits. That is particularly so in light of the nature of the VA benefits adjudication process, which operates with “a high degree of informality and solicitude for the claimant” (Walters v. Nat’l Ass’n of Radiation Survivors, 473 U.S. 305, 311, 105 S.Ct. 3180, 3184, 87 L.Ed.2d 220 (1985)) and VA’s policy, stated in its regulations, “to assist a claimant in developing the facts pertinent to the claim and to render a decision which grants every benefit that can be supported in law while protecting the interests of the Government.” 38 C.F.R. § 3.103(a) (1992); see also 38 C.F.R. § 3.159 (1992).
The finality provisions of section 7104(b) are closely analogous to the doctrine of res judicata that generally bars readjudication of claims which have been previously decided. The Supreme Court has stated that it is a “general rule that res judicata is no defense where between the time of the first judgment and the second there has been an intervening change in the law creating an altered situation.” State Farm Mutual Auto Ins. Co. v. Duel, 324 U.S. 154, 162, 65 S.Ct. 573, 577, 89 L.Ed. 812 (1945); see also Texaco, Inc. v. United States, 579 F.2d 614, 217 Ct.Cl. 416 (1978). Although the prohibition on reopening in section 7104(b), unlike the doctrine of res judicata, is a statutory requirement, essentially the same concerns apply to determine whether the latter claim is the same claim as the former. The Court concludes, therefore, that section 7104(b) does not preclude de novo adjudication of a claim, on essentially the same facts as a previously and finally denied claim, where an intervening change in law or regulation has created a new basis of entitlement to a benefit.
Our conclusion that section 5110(g) presupposes the right to a de novo adjudication but only where an intervening change in law or regulation has created a new basis of entitlement for a particular claimant further derives from the specific language of section 5110(g). That provision establishes a retroactive effective date for an award or increase “where compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, or pension is awarded or increased pursuant to any Act or administrative issue”. 38 U.S.C.A. § 5110(g) (West 1991) (emphasis added). The use of the words “pursuant to” clearly indicates that the benefits of this provision adhere only where the “Act or administrative issue” is one which provides a substantive basis for establishing entitlement to benefits.
In the present case, however, the appellant has not pointed to any such change in law or regulation which would require de novo adjudication, absent new and material evidence, of his claim for service connection for MS. Rather, the appellant asserts that the VJRA generally is such a liberalizing law because it effected “profound, far reaching, and fundamental changes in the VA’s claims adjudication system.” Br. at 7. Specifically, he states that the VJRA, inter alia, provided for judicial review of BVA decisions by this Court; required VA to comply with the rulemaking procedures of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 553); codified standards pertaining to the burden of proof, the duty to assist, and the benefit of the doubt in VA claims processing and adjudication; required that claimants be given an opportunity to appear at a personal hearing; required the BVA to base its decisions on all the evidence of record and to provide a written statement of its findings and conclusions and the reasons or bases for those findings or conclusions; and liberalized the standards governing the types of evidence that could qualify as new and material evidence to reopen a previously and finally denied claim. The appellant asserts that these changes require VA, upon application, to adjudicate de novo any claim that had been previously and finally denied pri- or to the VJRA’s enactment.
Although there is no doubt that the above-described VJRA provisions did fundamentally change the nature of VA claims adjudication proceedings, that fact alone does not provide a basis for de novo readjudication of previously and finally denied claims where neither the facts of the claim nor the provisions of law and regulation governing the claimant’s entitlement to benefits have changed since the prior final adjudication. Notwithstanding the VJRA, a claim based upon the same facts and the same claim of legal entitlement cannot be considered a new claim so as to avoid the section 7104(b) statutory prohibitions on reopening previously and finally denied claims and considering claims based upon the same factual basis as were such finally denied claims. Rather, the type of change in law or regulation which will justify a de novo adjudication of a claim after a final decision is a change which provides a new basis for establishing entitlement to the relief sought so as to render the new claim legally and factually distinct from the former claim. Cf. Sawyer, supra.
In the present case, the appellant’s prior claim, which was denied by the BVA in 1978, 1980, 1984, and 1987, was based upon an assertion of service connection for MS, entitlement to which is governed by 38 U.S.C.A. §§ 1110, 1112(a)(4) (West 1991) and 38 C.F.R. §§ 3.303, 3.307, 3.309(a) (1992). Nothing in the VJRA changed the requirements for establishing entitlement to service connection for MS under those provisions. Hence, the Court concludes that the enactment of the VJRA did not provide a new basis for establishing entitlement to benefits which would justify adjudicating de novo, as a new claim, the appellant’s claim for service connection of his MS.
C. Change in the New and Material Evidence Requirements
i. Summary of the issue: In his brief and oral argument on the issue discussed in part B., above, regarding de novo adjudication under the VJRA as a “liberalizing” law, and in his post-argument memorandum, the appellant has raised a distinct issue with respect to the VJRA which merits separate consideration of the question whether he had submitted new and material evidence so as to entitle him to reopening of his claim.
Prior to the VJRA’s enactment on November 18, 1988, 38 U.S.C. § 4004(b) provided:
When a claim is disallowed by the Board, it may not thereafter be reopened and allowed, and no claim based upon the same factual basis shall be considered; however, where subsequent to disallowance of a claim new and material evidence in the form of official reports from the proper service department is secured, the Board may authorize the reopening of the claim and review of the former decision.
38 U.S.C. § 4004(b) (1982) (emphasis added). Section 204 of the VJRA amended this provision to state:
Except as provided in section 5108 of this title, when a claim is disallowed by the Board, the claim may not thereafter be reopened and allowed and a claim based upon the same factual basis may not be considered.
38 U.S.C.A. § 7104(b) (West 1991). Section 5108, which was added by VJRA section 103(a)(1), provides: “If new and material evidence is presented or secured with respect to a claim which has been disallowed, the Secretary shall reopen the claim and review the former disposition of the claim.” VJRA Pub.L. No. 100-687, § 103(a)(1), 102 Stat. 4105, 4107 (1988).
The appellant asserts that the pre-VJRA version of section 4004(b) prohibited the BVA from considering anything other than official service department reports as new and material evidence to reopen a claim previously and finally denied by the Board. Therefore, he asserts, when, subsequent to the Board’s final denial of his claim in 1978, he submitted additional evidence consisting entirely of other than official service department reports — sworn testimony, lay statements, and medical reports — the Board was prohibited by statute from considering that evidence to determine whether it was new and material. He thus asserts that his 1990 testimony could not be cumulative of that other evidence submitted in 1983 because it could not lawfully have been considered by the Board prior to the VJRA’s enactment, and that, therefore, his 1990 testimony must be considered new evidence for purposes of determining whether he submitted new and material evidence sufficient to justify reopening his claim.
At oral argument, the Secretary asserted that, notwithstanding the pre-VJRA provisions of section 4004(b), the VA’s practice has always been to accept evidence from any source as new and material evidence, and that the veteran’s 1990 testimony was thus cumulative of his prior testimony, which, he asserts, was in fact included in the record before the Board when it rendered its prior decisions (the Board in 1984 made express reference to the 1983 testimony of the veteran and Dr. Chesanow, R. at 139-40). However, the Secretary was unable to cite any statutory or regulatory authority for that asserted VA practice. In his response at oral argument, and in his memorandum filed subsequent to oral argument, the appellant asserted that, even if it was then the VA’s practice to consider any evidence, regardless of its source, as new and material (and he did not concede that it was), the VA was without statutory authority to do so, and thus its unauthorized practice could not be upheld as a basis for finding his 1990 testimony to be cumulative of other evidence.
The Court notes that, prior and subsequent to the enactment of the VJRA, 38 U.S.C. § 4005(c) (now § 7105) provided (and continues to provide) that a claim that had been finally denied by an unappealed RO decision could not thereafter be reopened or allowed “except as may otherwise be provided by regulations not inconsistent with this title”. It is thus clear that the Secretary is authorized to establish regulations consistent with title 38 requiring the RO and BVA to reopen, on the basis of other than new and material evidence from service department reports, a claim that had been previously and finally denied by the RO but not by the BVA. The appellant has not asserted that section 4004(b) or any other provision of law or regulation ever prohibited such reopening, when authorized by regulation, after final RO denial. Rather, the appellant’s argument and this Court’s analysis regarding reopening under section 4004(b) on the basis of new and material evidence relate only to those cases where the claim has been denied by a prior final BVA decision.
ii. VA’s pre-VJRA practice: The Court notes, initially, that there is significant support for the Secretary’s assertion that the VA’s practice has long been to consider evidence from any source, not just from service department reports, as capable of being new and material. Prior to the November 1988 enactment of the VJRA, VA regulations contained (and still contain) a provision establishing the effective date for claims reopened upon new and material evidence “[o]ther than service department records [referred to as “reports” in the statute]” received after final disallowance of the claim. 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(1) (1983) (emphasis in original). Additionally, statements in the legislative histories of bills enacted prior to the VJRA affirm that it was the VA’s practice to reopen claims upon receipt of new and material evidence from any source. See S.Rep. No. 418, 100th Cong., 2d Sess. 34 (1988) (“Current Board practice is to authorize such reopening when ‘new and material evidence’ is received from any source”); Explanatory Statement on Compromise Agreement on Division A of S. 11, 134 Cong.Rec. S16650, 16653 (1988), reprinted in 1988 U.S.C.C.A.N. 5782, 5840 (VJRA provision would “make a technical correction in the description of the BVA’s authority to reopen a claim by deleting (as inconsistent with present practice) the present requirement that new and material evidence sufficient to reopen a claim be in the form of an official report from the proper service department”).
This more flexible practice is not inconsistent with the text of a VA regulation concerning “finality” that then provided:
When a claimant requests that a claim be reopened after an appellate decision and submits evidence in support thereof, a determination as to whether such evidence is new and material must be made and, if it is, whether it provides a new factual basis for allowing the claim. An adverse determination as to either question is appealable.
38 C.F.R. § 19.194 (1983) (emphasis added). This regulation gives as its authority “38 U.S.C. 4004(b)”, so quite clearly it should not be read as extending beyond its statutory source in permitting reopenings of pri- or final Board decisions. It is, therefore, difficult to draw much guidance from this language as to whether prior to the VJRA a final Board decision could be reopened by the Board or an RO on other than service-department-report new and material evidence.
It is not clear from the BVA’s 1984 and 1987 decisions in this case whether the Board concluded that the evidence then submitted, which included lay and medical evidence, was new and material. However, it is clear that in neither of those decisions did the Board reject the evidence proffered as new and material evidence on the grounds that it could not qualify as new and material evidence because it did not consist of service department reports.
The question, then, is whether the VA’s practice of allowing evidence from any source to constitute new and material evidence to reopen a claim previously and finally denied by the BVA was, prior to VJRA enactment, and at the time of the prior BVA decisions in this case, in conflict with the statutory requirements then in 38 U.S.C. § 4004(b). The Supreme Court has described the proper inquiry for determining whether an agency’s practice is consistent with a statute that the agency is charged with implementing, as follows:
We first ask “whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue. If the intent of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for the court, as well as the agency, must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.” (Citations omitted.) “In ascertaining the plain meaning of the statute, the court must look to the particular statutory language at issue, as well as the language and design of the statute as a whole.” (Citations omitted.) But “if the statute is silent or ambiguous with respect to the specific issue, the question for the court is whether the agency’s answer is based on a permissible construction of the statute,” (citations omitted) that is, whether the agency’s construction is “rational and consistent with the statute,” (citations omitted).
Sullivan v. Everhart, 494 U.S. 83, 88-89, 110 S.Ct. 960, 964, 108 L.Ed.2d 72 (1990). For the reasons stated below, the Court holds that the law prior to the VJRA was at best ambiguous as to whether section 4004(b) prohibited the RO and BVA from adjudicating a claim that was based on essentially the same factual basis as a claim that had been previously and finally disallowed by the Board, when the new claim was supported by new and material evidence other than service department reports. The Court further holds that the VA’s pre-VJRA practice of allowing such claims to be adjudicated when new and material evidence was received from any source was based on a permissible construction of the governing statutory provisions (which, as explained below, have been located in several different statutory sections over the years).
Part of the ambiguity in the pre-VJRA law may derive from the very term “reopening”. Current section 5108, enacted by the VJRA, requires the Secretary to “reopen” a claim and to “review the former disposition of the claim” when new and material evidence is presented or secured. However, the “reopening” of the claim pursuant to section 5108 is not a reactivation of the previous claim, based upon the original application for benefits. Rather, even upon a reopening, the prior claim is still “final” in a sense. Any award of benefits made upon a claim reopened under section 5108 on other than service department reports will have an effective date no earlier than the date of the filing of the claim to reopen — that is, the date of the new application for benefits. See 38 U.S.C.A. § 5110(a) (West 1991); 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(l)(ii) (1992). On the other hand, VA regulations have long provided (and still do) that when a claim is reopened on the basis of new and material evidence from service department reports, the effective date of any award shall “agree with evaluation (since it is considered these records were lost or mislaid) or date of receipt of claim, on which prior evaluation was made, whichever is later, subject to rules on original claims filed within one year of service.” 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(2) (1978) (emphasis added).
Furthermore, although section 5108 instructs the Secretary to “review the former disposition of the claim”, neither the Secretary nor the Board may modify or amend that former disposition except as provided in other statutory and regulatory provisions allowing revision of former decisions on the basis of “clear and. unmistakable error” (38 C.F.R. § 3.105(a)) or “obvious error” (38 U.S.C.A. § 7103(c) (West 1991)). Thus, a claim which is “reopened” under section 5108 on the basis of “new and material evidence” from other than service department reports is essentially a new claim, rather than a continuation of the prior claim, and the function of “reopening” under section 5108 is to remove the statutory finality bar of section 7104(b), which, as stated above, operates as a type of res judicata prohibition on readjudication of claims. In contrast, where the claim is reopened on the basis of new and material evidence from service department reports, the VA has consistently treated it as a true “reopening” of the original claim and a review of the former disposition in light of the service department reports which were considered to have been lost or mislaid, and the award of benefits is made retroactive to the date of the original claim. See 38 C.F.R. § 3.400(q)(2) (1991); VA G.C. Digested Opinion, July 17, 1984 (stating that section 3.400(q)(2) reflects “a longstanding VA policy treating supplemental service department reports correcting prior erroneous reports as providing a basis for an award of benefits based on the veteran’s original claim” (emphasis added) and citing to opinions of the VA Solicitor from 1935 to 1937).
Although there appears to be scant, if any, discernible support in the current statute for VA’s different treatment of claims “reopened” on the basis of new and material service-department-report evidence and claims “reopened” on the basis of new and material evidence from other sources, a brief historical overview of the applicable statutory scheme sheds some light upon the disparity.
Hi. Analysis of prior law: Prior to the 1958 overall codification of title 38 of the U.S.Code, the laws and rules governing veterans benefits were contained in various public laws and in executive orders promulgated by the President pursuant to his authority under Pub.L. No. 73-2 (1933). A “Veterans’ Regulation” promulgated by such executive order contained provisions which formed the basis for current section 7104 of title 38, U.S.Code. That regulation provided in part:
II. All questions on claims involving benefits under the laws administered by the [VA] shall be subject to one review on appeal to the Administrator of Veterans’ Affairs, decisions in such cases to be made by the [BVA] in accordance with the provisions of paragraph I. When a claim shall be disallowed by the [BVA,] it may not thereafter be reopened and allowed and no claim based upon the same factual basis shall be considered, except that where subsequent to such disallow-anee new and material evidence in the form of offícial reports from the proper Service Department is secured, the [BVA] may authorize the reopening of the claim and review of the former decision.
Vet.Reg. No. 2(A), Part II, para. II, Ex. Ord. No. 6230 (July 28, 1933) (emphasis added). Another provision in Part I of that same regulation provided:
Where a claim has been finally disallowed, a subsequent claim on the same factual basis, if supported by new and material evidence, shall have the attributes of a new claim, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph II, Part II of Veterans’ Regulation No. 2-Series.
Vet.Reg. No. 2(A), Part I, para. 1(a)(3), Ex. Ord. No. 6230 (July 28, 1933) (emphasis added). The provision in paragraph 1(a)(3) of Part I of this regulation clearly provides that, subsequent to final disallowance of a claim, a new claim may be filed on essentially the “same factual basis” provided that there is, additionally, new and material evidence. Moreover, the phrase “notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph II of Part II” strongly implies that the “new and material evidence” to support the new claim is not restricted to reports from the service department. Since paragraph II of Part II already provided authority for a “reopening” when there is new and material evidence from service department reports, the “notwithstanding” clause would have no meaning unless paragraph 1(a)(3) is read to provide a basis for adjudicating claims based on new and material evidence from other sources. In view of the above discussion, it is apparent that the provision allowing the Board to “reopen” on the basis of new and material evidence in the form of service department reports did not thereby defíne the term “new and material evidence” for all purposes to refer to such evidence only.
Furthermore, it is significant that this 1933 regulation did not use the term “reopen” in relation to a claim based on new and material evidence from other than service department reports, whereas it did use “reopen” with respect to claims where the new and material evidence was in the form of service department reports. That distinction can certainly be read as supporting VA’s practice of treating claims based on new and material service department reports as “reopened” in that they relate back to the original claim, while treating claims based on new and material evidence from other sources as essentially new claims.
This point is significant. If a “reopening” refers only to revisiting, on the basis of the original claim, a claim finally decided by the BVA, and not to claims submitted as “subsequent” or “new” claims on the basis of new and material evidence after final BVA adjudication, then the prohibition in paragraph II of Part II (and subsequently in §§ 4004(b) and 7104(b)) on “reopening” except on the basis of new and material evidence from service department reports would not have precluded the VA from adjudicating, as a new claim, a subsequent claim based on new and material evidence from other than service department reports. The remaining prohibition in paragraph II of Part II (and subsequently in §§ 4004(b) and 7104(b)) — that a claim “based upon the same factual basis” may not be considered — would not operate as a bar to the allowance of such new claims because the submission of new and material evidence necessarily changes the factual basis.
In 1957, Congress repealed Veterans’ Regulation 2(A) and replaced it with provisions of Pub.L. No. 85-56, 71 Stat. 119 (1957). Section 1304 of that law, which was codified at 38 U.S.C. § 3304 (see 38 U.S.C., 1952 ed., Supp. V, § 3304), provided in part:
(b) When a claim is disallowed by the Board, it may not thereafter be reopened and allowed, and no claim based upon the same factual basis shall be considered; however, where subsequent to disallowance of a claim, new and material evidence in the form of official reports from the proper service department is secured, the Board may authorize the reopening of the claim and review of the former decision.
(Emphasis added.) Section 904 of Public Law 85-86, which was codified at 38 U.S.C. § 2904 (see 38 U.S.C., 1952 ed., Supp. V, § 2904), provided in part:
(a) Where a claim has been finally disallowed, a later claim on the same factual basis, if supported by new and material evidence, shall have the attributes of a new claim, except that whenever any disallowed claim is reopened and thereafter allowed on the basis of new and material evidence resulting from the correction of the military records of the proper service department under section 1552 of title 10 of the United States Code, the effective date of commencement of the benefits so awarded shall be the date on which an application was filed for correction of the military record.
In 1958, as part of the overall title 38 codification, 38 U.S.C. §§ 2904 and 3304 were replaced by the virtually identical provisions in 38 U.S.C. §§ 3004 and 4004(b), respectively. Pub.L. No. 85-857, 72 Stat. 1225, 1241, §§ 3004, 4004(b) (1958). The exception in section 3004 was later replaced by section 3010(i) (now § 5110) in 1962. Pub.L. No. 87-825, § 1, 76 Stat. 948 (1962).
As with the predecessor Veterans’ Regulations, these provisions speak of “reopening” only when the new and material evidence comes from official service department reports. Moreover, they are again consistent with the VA’s interpretation giving retroactive effect to such “reopened” claims based on new and material evidence in service department reports (subject to the limitation that where such new and material evidence arises from correction of service department records, retroactivity is limited to the date of application for such correction), while treating claims based on new and material evidence from other sources as essentially new claims.
Section 3004 was repealed by Congress in 1962. Pub.L. No. 87-825, § 5(a), 76 Stat. 950 (1962). Simultaneously, Congress amended 38 U.S.C. § 3010 (now § 5110), concerning “Effective dates of awards”, to provide in subsection (a) of that section:
(a) Unless specifically provided otherwise in this chapter, the effective date of an award based on an original claim, a claim reopened after fínal adjudication, or a claim for increase, of compensation, dependency and indemnity compensation, or pension, shall be fixed in accordance with the facts found, but shall not be earlier than the date of receipt of application therefor.
Pub.L. No. 87-825, § 1, 76 Stat. 948 (1962) (emphasis added). Pursuant to that same Act, it was “provided otherwise” in 38 U.S.C. § 3010(i) (now § 5110) that where a claim is reopened on the basis of new and material evidence resulting from the correction of service department records, the effective date would be the date on which application was filed for such correction of records. Pub.L. No. 87-825, § 1, 76 Stat. 948 (1962) (currently codified at 38 U.S.C.A. § 5110© (West 1991)).
Subsequent to the 1962 revisions, section 3010(a) appears to have erased any distinction between finally denied claims “reopened” on the basis of service department reports and claims filed as new claims on the basis of other forms of new and material evidence. Instead, section 3010(a) applied the term “reopened” to any claim based on new and material evidence submitted after a final adjudication. That post-1962 section might also appear to have precluded VA’s practice of awarding benefits retroactive to the date of an original claim on the basis of new and material evidence in the form of official service department reports. The legislative history accompanying Public Law 87-825 stated that the purpose of the repeal of section 3004 and the amendment to section 3010(a) was to extend the rule regarding the effective date of awards based on original claims in section 3010(a) to apply also to “reopened claims ... now covered by section[] 3004”. S.Rep. No. 2042, 87th Cong., 2d Sess. (1962), reprinted in 1962 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3260, 3263. Further confusing matters, it was stated that “[generally the changes may be described as liberalizing.” Id. at 3260.
iv. Scope of the 1962 amendments: As noted above, the changes made by Public Law 87-825 are susceptible of the interpretation that they, in effect, removed the VA’s authority to adjudicate a previously denied claim when the claimant had submitted new and material evidence other than service department reports. However, that result would be reached only indirectly. By repealing section 3004 and by apparently characterizing all claims based on new and material evidence as “reopened” claims, the 1962 amendments blurred the distinction which was formerly apparent between the provisions of section 4004(b) allowing reopening and review of the former BVA-denied claim only on the basis of new and material evidence in service department reports and the provisions of section 3004 providing that claims based on new and material evidence shall be treated as new claims, without limiting such new and material evidence to service department reports. Consequently, when a claim had been finally disallowed by the Board, any subsequent request for adjudication of that same claim supported by new and material evidence would appear to have been subject to the limitation, in section 4004(b), that a claim may not be “reopened and allowed” except that the Board may reopen on the basis of new and material evidence in service department reports.
However, the Court cannot find any basis for ascribing to the 1962 “liberalizing” legislation any intent to work such a substantial change in the law by limiting the class of competent new and material evidence needed to support a claim after a final disallowance to include only such evidence from service department reports. Although, as noted above, such a result could be said to follow from the 1962 amendments, that result would be reached only indirectly, through the operation of section 4004(b) in view of the repeal of section 3004 and the amendment of section 3010(g), and that result is clearly beyond the intended scope of the 1962 amendments. The express legislative purpose of the 1962 amendments was to provide for uniformity in effective dates of claims; and, as noted, the amendments were characterized generally as “liberalizing” amendments.
Clearly, the foreclosure of a substantial number of claims by prohibiting a reasserted claim subsequent to a final disallowance except upon new and material evidence in service department reports would have been a significant restriction on the rights of VA claimants, and an intent to impose such a restriction should not be ascribed to the 1962 legislation absent explicit support in the language or history of those amendments. The Supreme Court has stated:
As a general rule where the legislation dealing with a particular subject consists of a system of related general provisions indicative of a settled policy, new enactments of a fragmentary nature on that subject are to be taken as intended to fit into the existing system and to be carried into effect conformably to it, excepting as a different purpose is clearly shown.
United States v. Jefferson Electric Co., 291 U.S. 386, 396, 54 S.Ct. 443, 446, 78 L.Ed. 859 (1934); see also Hynes v. Grimes Packing Co, 337 U.S. 86, 116, 69 S.Ct. 968, 985, 93 L.Ed. 1231 (1949); United States v. Arizona, 295 U.S. 174, 191, 55 S.Ct. 666, 672, 79 L.Ed. 1371 (1935). The system of interrelated statutory provisions governing veterans benefits is a complex one, and an intent to depart from established law or practice will not be generally or lightly inferred when Congress enacts an amendment of limited scope.
The legislative history of Public Law 87-825 is devoid of any congressional intent to limit the circumstances in which claimants may file a new claim, supported by new and material evidence, after final disallowance of that claim. To the contrary, the legislative history expressed only a limited, “liberalizing” purpose. Indeed, one Senator stated during Senate consideration:
No hearings were held on this bill either in the House or in the Senate. It is impossible therefore to determine whether or not it is in the public interest. I think it is poor procedure and that therefore this bill probably needs more thorough scrutiny.
1962 U.S.C.C.A.N. 3269 (statement of Sen. Douglas). This statement suggests that Congress did not intend that Public Law 87-825 operate to limit a VA claimant’s right to file a claim based on new and material evidence from any source subsequent to a final disallowance, and did not consider that such might be the incidental result of the legislation. In view of the foregoing, Public Law 87-825 cannot fairly be read as changing the prior law so as to preclude a VA claimant from reasserting a claim, subsequent to a final disallowance, when the claimant presents new and material evidence from sources other than the service department. To the contrary, the provisions of section 3010(a) added by that Act, which establish effective dates for, inter alia, “a claim reopened after final adjudication”, clearly were intended to continue the provisions previously in Veterans’ Regulation 2(A) and 38 U.S.C. § 3004 allowing a claim subsequent to a final disal-lowance when new and material evidence is presented from any source. The Court, therefore, concludes that the VA’s practice of allowing the reopening of claims in such circumstances was not prohibited by section 4004(b) (now § 7104(b)) or otherwise.
The enactment of the VJRA in 1988 expressly provided that the Secretary was required to adjudicate a claim where, after final denial of that claim, new and material evidence was presented or secured. That requirement, now in section 5108, does not limit new and material evidence to service department reports only. Section 5108, as noted above, requires the Secretary, in such cases, to “reopen the claim and review the former disposition of the claim”, although it is made clear elsewhere in the Code (in § 3010(a), now § 5110(a)) that such “reopening” will not have retroactive effect relating back to the original claim but will have the attributes of a new claim with regard to effective date. Although, as noted in subpart iii., above, the use of “reopening” in prior statutory provisions may have connoted only adjudication of a finally denied claim on the basis of the original application, with any award being retroactive to the date of that application, the use of that term in § 3010(a) (now § 5110(a)) since 1962 and in § 5108 pursuant to the VJRA makes clear that “reopening” now refers as well to claims based on new and material evidence from sources other than service department reports; in essence, such claims are treated as new claims.
v. Conclusion: Based on the foregoing analysis, the Court holds that the law prior to the VJRA was, at best, ambiguous as to whether the provision in section 4004(b) prohibiting “reopening” by the Board except upon new and material evidence from service department reports was intended to preclude adjudication by an RO or the BVA of a previously and finally denied claim when the only new and material evidence was from other than those reports. In the face of such ambiguity, the Court will defer to the agency’s past interpretation allowing adjudication of such claims when new and material evidence is received from any source, because such interpretation is rational and is based on a permissible construction of the governing pre-VJRA provisions of law — specifically Ve.tReg. No. 2(A), Part II, para. II (1933); 38 U.S.C. § 2904 (1957); 38 U.S.C. § 3004 (1958); and 38 U.S.C. § 3010(a) (1962). See Sullivan v. Everhart, 494 U.S. at 88-89, 110 S.Ct. at 963-965.
Hence, we reject the appellant’s contention that the VA was prohibited, prior to the enactment of the VJRA, from adjudicating a previously and finally denied claim when new and material evidence from sources other than service department reports was presented or secured. In the present case, it does not appear from the record that the RO or BVA ever refused to consider in its prior decisions the veteran’s testimony or lay or medical evidence on the ground that such evidence could not qualify as new and material evidence to justify a reopening. See R. at 136-42, 155-56. The Court thus confirms the holding in part H.A., above, that the veteran’s 1990 testimony was cumulative of evidence previously of record at the time of the prior final BVA decisions and provides no basis upon which the veteran’s claim could have been reopened. Accordingly, the Court also rejects the appellant’s contention that there was new and material evidence to reopen his claim for service connection for his MS because the evidence newly submitted could not be cumulative.
III. CONCLUSION
Based upon the foregoing analysis, the Court holds that there was no new and material evidence presented to or secured by the VA since the BVA’s prior final disallowance of the appellant’s claim in 1987, that there was no basis for adjudicating his claim de novo under 38 U.S.C. § 5110(g) and 38 C.F.R. § 3.114, and that any error in the Board’s analysis in its July 23, 1990, adjudication of the merits of the appellant’s claim was, therefore, harmless. See 38 U.S.C.A. § 7261(b); Kehoskie, 2 Vet.App. at 34; Godwin, 1 Vet.App. at 425; Thompson, 1 Vet.App. at 254. The July 23, 1990, BVA decision is thus affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
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CASELAW
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6 Common Causes of Back and Neck Pain
Issues with neck and back pain are pervasive problems. Of adults, 60%-80% experience back pain during their lives, and 20%-70% experience neck pain, both of which can interfere with your daily activities and lead to disability if not treated.
At Santa Cruz Osteopathic in Capitola, California, osteopathic physician Dr. Richard Bernstein uses cutting-edge integrative care to give you long-term relief from your back and neck pain. Here’s what he wants you to know about some of the most common causes of back and neck pain.
Your spine at work
Your spine runs all the way from the base of your skull to your tailbone. It’s strong and stiff enough to let you stand up straight, yet pliable enough so you can bend, flex, and twist. It’s made up of 24 interlocking bony vertebrae, each separated by a soft intervertebral disc that acts as a shock absorber when you move. The outer part of the disc is firm, while the inner material is more gel-like.
The vertebrae form the spinal column, which serves as protection for the spinal canal. Sensory and motor nerves run through the canal, exiting the spine at prescribed places and traveling to peripheral regions like the arms and legs.
Each spinal joint is surrounded by cartilage that protects and cushions it, but wear-and-tear from use over time can destroy it, leading to pain and other complications.
6 common causes of back and neck pain
Back and neck pain can stem from a wide variety of causes; here are six of the most common ones.
1. Degenerative disc disease (DDD)
DDD is actually something of a misnomer, as it’s not a disease at all. It’s a condition where the spinal discs wear down or dry out over time, leaving vertebrae to painfully rub against one another. While it can occur anywhere along the spine, it’s most common in the cervical (neck) or lumbar (lower back) regions. Symptoms include pain, loss of flexibility, back stiffness, radiating pain, and pain that’s worse with extended periods of sitting
2. Bulging and herniated discs
A bulging disc occurs when the intervertebral discs become compressed and protrude from their normal position. The most common cause of bulging discs is the wear-and-tear caused by aging. If the protrusion continues, the outer shell can rupture and spill out the soft inner contents — a herniated disc. Because herniated disks press on sensitive nerve roots in the spinal canal, they can lead to pain, numbness, and mobility issues.
3. Sciatica
A spinal condition of the lumbar region, sciatica is probably one of the best-known causes of back pain. It most commonly occurs when a herniated disc, bone spur, or narrowing of the spine between the L4-L5 vertebrae impinges on the sciatic nerve, which exits the spine and branches from the lower back into the hips and buttocks and down the outside of each leg. The inflammation, pain, tingling, and possible numbness usually affects only one side of the body.
While the pain can be severe, most cases of sciatica resolve with conservative treatment in a few weeks.
4. Cervical radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy results from damage to a spinal nerve in the neck or a change in the way the nerve works because the root is compressed. Pain, tingling, and numbness radiate from the nerve root all the way down the length of the nerve, often into the hand. The damage can come from DDD, a ruptured disc, arthritis in the spinal joints, or injuries to the area. The most prominent form of lumbar radiculopathy is sciatica.
5. Spinal stenosis
Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal column, which can cause impingement on the nerves running through it. Its primary symptoms are inflammation, irritation, and pain. It’s most often seen in patients aged over 50 years and due to the gradual wear-and-tear seen in aging, but it can also be caused by calcification (thickening) of the ligaments supporting the spine, enlarged bones and joints, and bone spurs that develop on the vertebrae that compress the nerve roots.
6. Facet joint syndrome
Joints connect two or more bones in your body and function to promote motion. In your spine, the joints connecting each of the vertebrae are called facet joints. Their job is to promote healthy movement and, along with the intervertebral disc, provide stability for motion. The effects of aging and/or traumatic injury can damage the facet joints and lead to facet joint syndrome. The facet joints in the lumbar spine are the most susceptible, as that part of the spine bears the most weight and experiences the greatest strain.
If you’re dealing with back or neck pain and need relief, give Santa Cruz Osteopathic a call at
831-464-1605, or book your consultation online with Dr. Bernstein today.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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User:Alexis Rodriguez-Duarte
ALEXIS RODRIGUEZ-DUARTE
AUTHOR/PHOTOGRAPHER
Alexis Rodriguez-Duarte was born in Havana, Cuba. He and his family fled Cuba in 1968 through the Freedom Flights program and settled in Miami. When he was 10 years old, he received his first camera, a Voightlander, as a gift from his grandfather, sparking his interest in photography.
Since then his work has appeared in Harper's Bazaar, Vanity Fair, L'Uomo Vogue, British Vogue, The New Yorker, Town & Country and The New York Times among many others.
He's been an adjunct professor at the International Center for Photography in New York City.
Rodriguez-Duarte has had solo exhibitions at the main branch of the Miami-Dade Public Library System (Presenting Celia Cruz & Cuba Out of Cuba) and group exhibitions in Bethlehem (PA), Chicago, Havana, Houston, Jackson, London, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Omaha and Washington D.C.
He has participated in a symposium at the Smithsonian Institution entitled “American Voices: Latino Photographers in the United States". He has given lectures at The Latino Museum, Omaha, NE and at the Museum of the City of New York for "Americanos, Latino Life in the United States" and at the Long Island Photography Club.
His work is currently featured in a traveling exhibition of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History entitled, "¡Azúcar! The Life and Music of Celia Cruz", which he spearheaded and helped conceive. Rodriguez-Duarte was included and interviewed for the documentary film, “Celia The Queen.” He was an invited artist for the Ninth Havana Bienal and was part of an exhibition entitled, "La Habana, La Ciudad y la Fotografia, 1900-2005."
His sitters have included Andy Garcia, Madonna, Gloria Vanderbilt, Gianni Versace, Celia Cruz, Cristina Saralegui, Carolina Herrera, Oscar de la Renta, Geoffrey Beene, Gloria Estefan, Narciso Rodriguez, Enrique Iglesias and Rita Moreno, among others.
His work has appeared in numerous books including: "Jewels" (Bruno Gmunder) “Narciso Rodriguez” (Rizzoli) “The Nude Male - 21st Century Visions” (Universe) “Naked-Flowers Exposed” (Harper Collins), “Latina Beauty” (Hyperion Publishing), “Americanos - Latino Life in the United States” (Little, Brown), “Out In America” (Viking Press), “Uniforms” (Fotofactory Press), “Exposed” (Thunder's Mouth Press), “Naked Men Too” (Universe), “Men in the Sun” (Universe), “Dreamboys Volume 2” (Blue Magazine), “Suave, The Latin Male” (Universe), “Philosophy Dog, The Art of Living with Man's Best Friend” (Universe), “Male Nude Now” (Universe), “Dish and Tell, The Miami Bombshells” (Harper Collins) “Cristina Saralegui, My Life As a Blonde” (Time Warner)
He is the author of “Presenting Celia Cruz” (Random House, 2004), his first book and is currently working on four other books titled, “Cuba Out of Cuba,” “Manscape,” “Guys at the Flat,” and “Havana, My First Trip Back.
”His work is included in many private and public collections.
Fluent in English and Spanish.
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WIKI
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Banff National Park Pavilion
The Banff National Park Pavilion, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and Francis Conroy Sullivan, one of Wright's only Canadian students. Designed in 1911, in the Prairie School style, construction began in 1913 and was completed the following year. The pavilion was built on the Recreation Grounds near the south end of the Bow River Bridge on the edge of the town of Banff, itself located within Banff National Park in Alberta. The last of only two Wright designs in Canada, the pavilion was demolished in 1938.
History
Banff National Park had been established in 1885 as Banff Hot Springs Reserve. Expanded in 1887 as Rocky Mountains Park under the Rocky Mountains Park Act the area became the first national park in Canada, and the second in North America behind Yellowstone. As a national park the controlling authority became the Federal Government of Canada, rather than the province of Alberta.
Sullivan, unrelated to Wright's previous employer Louis Sullivan, had worked in Wright's Oak Park Studio before leaving for Ottawa in 1908 to work for the government as an architect for, as it was then known, the Department of Public Works.
By the 1900s Banff National Park, as it had become known, was increasing in popularity and, by 1911, had become accessible by automobile. A visitor pavilion was commissioned by government officials in Ottawa. A concept plan had been submitted by residents of Banff to Ottawa, but officials rejected it. Envisioning a more refined structure Wright and Sullivan were hired. The building contract was awarded to Bennett, Debman, & Co., of Calgary who aimed to use local labour and purchase building supplies from local merchants.
After completion, in 1914 during World War I, the pavilion was used as a Quartermaster's store by the Department of National Defence. After the War the main function of the pavilion became a gathering area for tourists waiting on trains.
Wright and Sullivan worked together on four built projects. While the Banff National Park Pavilion is attributed to Wright with Sullivan's assistance, the other three are attributed to Sullivan with Wright's assistance.
Design
The pavilion featured a rustic style over a frame construction, and was an elongated visitor shelter of wood and stone. Supported by low stone walls the length of the building was constructed of wood, in a board-and-batten fashion. Steel beams supported the cantilevered roof.
The interior was primarily an assembly lounge 100 ft by 50 ft in size. A row of art glass windows ran the entire length of the wall opposite the main entrance, and three cobblestone fireplaces featured on the remaining three. Clerestory windows contributed additional light, through the exposed beams of the roof.
A ladies' powder room was at one end of the lounge, with a gentlemen's retiring room at the other. Each room measured 50 ft by 25 ft. The pavilion also featured public lockers.
The finished product was only usable four months of the year, suitable only for a few summer sports, and as a picnickers' lounging area.
Similar in design to the River Forest Tennis Club, in River Forest, Illinois, the pavilion is also considered comparable to the Lake Geneva Hotel, in Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, also designed in 1911 and itself demolished in 1970.
Destruction
Built on the shore of the Bow River, on swampy ground, the pavilion was subject to flooding, severe frost, and consequent decay.
The Banff Crag and Canyon reported in July 1920 that; ""The grounds in front of the recreation building were under water last week, and it was possible for a man, if so inclined, to wade out to the building, sit on the steps and fish.""
The pavilion suffered severe flood damage in 1933, and deterioration progressed to the point that the building was torn down in 1938. Ruins of the pavilion were visible until the early 1960s, but by 1965 all traces had been washed away or sunk into the bog.
Controversy
During its life residents saw the building as a symbol of Ottawa's contempt for their concerns. Wanting a building designed for local recreational needs, the original and unused plans included areas for curling and ice hockey, calling for a building that could be used year-round. Those plans were overseen by locals and approved by Banff residents after a public meeting at the National Park Theatre. In December 1913, just months after construction began the Banff Crag and Canyon reported that; ""....their wishes and desires were, as usual, ignored by the 'overlords' at Ottawa, who imagine they are wiser as to the conditions in Banff than those who live and have their being here.""
Years later, in July 1920, the Banff Crag and Canyon reported of the building and grounds that; ""They are neither ornamental nor useful—except as a standing monument to the incapacity of Parks Commissioner Harkin.""
Nevertheless, the building was reasonably popular with local residents, and in the last thirty years, interest has grown in the structure and Wright's short-lived career and legacy in Canada.
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WIKI
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Algae bioreactor
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macro algae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator), wastewater treatment, CO2 fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. Algae bioreactors vary widely in design, falling broadly into two categories: open reactors and enclosed reactors. Open reactors are exposed to the atmosphere while enclosed reactors, also commonly called photobioreactors, are isolated to varying extent from the atmosphere. Specifically, algae bioreactors can be used to produce fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol, to generate animal feed, or to reduce pollutants such as NOx and CO2 in flue gases of power plants. Fundamentally, this kind of bioreactor is based on the photosynthetic reaction which is performed by the chlorophyll-containing algae itself using dissolved carbon dioxide and sunlight energy. The carbon dioxide is dispersed into the reactor fluid to make it accessible for the algae. The bioreactor has to be made out of transparent material.
The algae are photoautotroph organisms which perform oxygenic photosynthesis.
The equation for photosynthesis:
Historical background[edit]
Some of the first experiments with the aim of cultivating algae were conducted in 1957 by the "Carnegie Institution" in Washington. In these experiments, monocellular Chlorella were cultivated by adding CO2 and some minerals. In the early days, bioreactors were used which were made of glass and later changed to a kind of plastic bag. The goal of all this research has been the cultivation of algae to produce a cheap animal feed.[1]
Frequently used photo reactor types[edit]
Nowadays 3 basic types of algae photobioreactors have to be differentiated, but the determining factor is the unifying parameter – the available intensity of sunlight energy.
Plate photobioreactor[edit]
A plate reactor simply consists of vertically arranged or inclined rectangular boxes which are often divided in two parts to effect an agitation of the reactor fluid. Generally these boxes are arranged into a system by linking them. Those connections are also used for making the process of filling/emptying, introduction of gas and transport of nutritive substances, easier. The introduction of the flue gas mostly occurs at the bottom of the box to ensure that the carbon dioxide has enough time to interact with algae in the reactor fluid.
Tubular photobioreactor[edit]
A tubular reactor consists of vertical or horizontal arranged tubes, connected together to a pipe system. The algae-suspended fluid is able to circulate in this tubing. The tubes are generally made out of transparent plastics or borosilicate glass and the constant circulation is kept up by a pump at the end of the system. The introduction of gas takes place at the end/beginning of the tube system. This way of introducing gas causes the problem of deficiency of carbon dioxide, high concentration of oxygen at the end of the unit during the circulation, and bad efficiency.
Bubble column photobioreactor[edit]
A bubble column photo reactor consists of vertical arranged cylindrical column, made out of transparent material. The introduction of gas takes place at the bottom of the column and causes a turbulent stream to enable an optimum gas exchange. At present these types of reactors are built with a maximum diameter of 20 cm to 30 cm in order to ensure the required supply of sunlight energy.
The biggest problem with the sunlight determined construction is the limited size of the diameter. Feuermann et al.[who?] invented a method to collect sunlight with a cone shaped collector and transfer it with some fiberglass cables which are adapted to the reactor in order to enable constructions of a column reactor with wider diameters. - on this scale the energy consumption due to pumps etc. and the CO2 cost of manufacture may outweigh the CO2 captured by the reactor.[citation needed]
Industrial usage[edit]
The cultivation of algae in a photobioreactor creates a narrow range of industrial application possibilities. Some power companies [2] already established research facilities with algae photobioreactors to find out how efficient they could be in reducing CO2 emissions, which are contained in flue gas, and how much biomass will be produced. Algae biomass has many uses and can be sold to generate additional income. The saved emission volume can bring an income too, by selling emission credits to other power companies.[3]
The utilisation of algae as food is very common in East Asian regions.[4] Most of the species contain only a fraction of usable proteins and carbohydrates, and a lot of minerals and trace elements. Generally, the consumption of algae should be minimal because of the high iodine content, particularly problematic for those with hyperthyroidism. Likewise, many species of diatomaceous algae produce compounds unsafe for humans.[5] The algae, especially some species which contain over 50 percent oil and a lot of carbohydrates, can be used for producing biodiesel and bioethanol by extracting and refining the fractions. This point is very interesting, because the algae biomass is generated 30 times faster than some agricultural biomass,[6] which is commonly used for producing biodiesel.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
1. ^ "Achmed Khammas - Das Buch der Synergie - Teil C - Die Geschichte der Solarenergie". www.buch-der-synergie.de. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
2. ^ Patel, Sonal (May 1, 2016). "A Breakthrough Carbon-Capturing Algae Project". Powermag. Texas, USA: powermag.com. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
3. ^ Umweltbundesamt Archived 2009-07-21 at the Wayback Machine
4. ^ "Algae, The Food That Could Save Humanity". Le Monde. France: worldcruch.com. July 9, 2016. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
5. ^ "Toxic diatoms". NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center. NOAA. September 1, 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2018. the family Pseudo-nitzschia; under certain conditions these diatoms can produce toxins harmful to humans
6. ^ Ullah, Kifayat; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Sofia; Sharma, Vinod Kumar; Lu, Pengmei; Harvey, Adam; Zafar, Muhammad; Sultana, Shazia; Anyanwu, C.N. (2014). "Algal biomass as a global source of transport fuels: Overview and development perspectives". Progress in Natural Science: Materials International. 24 (4): 329–339. doi:10.1016/j.pnsc.2014.06.008.
Further reading[edit]
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Damper questions answered: How they fail, why you should replace them
Updated Feb 10, 2021
Cat crank damperWhat is a damper, and where is it on the engine?
It is the barbell-looking “weight” on the front of the crankshaft near the front of the engine. There is a free-floating ring of steel (inertia ring) inside the damper housing.
It is the outside housing that does the majority of the moving on dampers, which are wear items. The inertia ring moves back and forth (clockwise to counter-clockwise) while “floating” in a layer of silicone, which leaves the housing free to turn along with the crankshaft.
When the inertia ring ceases to float independently of the crankshaft’s rotation, the damper needs to be replaced.
What causes damper failure?
Dampers can fail two ways. The first enemy is common to all wear items – time. At about 500,000 miles, silicone tends to harden. The harder the silicone, the less functional the damper.
The second cause of failure is droppage. Dampers weigh about 44 pounds and look much sturdier than they are. Its own weight is enough to dent a damper if it falls.
Once, when photographing a damper (for our first parts catalog in 2007) we dropped one and had to send it back to the manufacturer to have it checked. This was a U.S.-made piece, too.
When should a damper be replaced?
Replace your damper when you top 500,000 miles. It’s not worth the risk to go much beyond that. Short of sending it in to be checked (which, including shipping, costs more than buying a new one), you can’t see if the torsion ring can still turn freely.
If the damper is dented, it definitely needs to be replaced.
Why should I replace a damper?
The price of a rebuild is much greater than the price of a new damper – $14,000-$24,000 vs. $325-$550. Without a properly functioning damper, the crankshaft is much more likely to break.
Moreover, engine vibration without a good damper can lead to failure of many other parts, like the camshaft, accessory drive shaft, springs, flywheel bolts and flywheel housing.
You don’t want anything shaking your engine, and you don’t want your engine shaking you.
Lastly: When installing a new damper, also add a new mercury-filled engine balancer. The mercury in the balancing ring balances the crankshaft, connecting rods, pistons, flywheel, clutch and pressure plates. The smoother the engine, the longer you can drive it without getting fatigued.
-Bruce Mallinson is the owner of Pittsburgh Power, an engine performance shop in Saxonburg, Pa.
The Business Manual for Owner-Operators
Overdrive editors and ATBS present the industry’s best manual for prospective and committed owner-operators. You’ll find exceptional depth on many issues in the 2022 edition of Partners in Business.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Philosophical Transactions - Volume 095.djvu/351
Rh scarcely to be distinguished or separated from them, excepting by solution of the platina; for the grains of which I speak are wholly insoluble in nitro-muriatic acid. When tried by the file, they are harder than the grains of platina; under the hammer they are not in the least degree malleable; and in the fracture they appear to consist of laminae possessing a peculiar lustre; so that although the greater number of them cannot, as I have before observed, be distinguished from the grains of platina, the laminated structure sometimes occasions an external form by which they may be detected. With a view to be absolutely certain that there exist grains in a natural state, which have not been detached by solution from the substance of the grains of platina, I have separated from the mixed ore as many as enabled me to ascertain their general composition.
Their most remarkable quality is their great specific gravity, which I have found to be as much as 19,5, while that of the crude grains of platina has not, in any experiment that I have made, exceeded 17,7. From this circumstance it might naturally be conjectured that they contain a greater quantity of platina than the grains in general; by analysis, however, they do not appear to me to contain the smallest quantity of that metal, but to be an ore consisting entirely of the metals that were found by Mr. in the black powder, which is extricated by solution from the grains of platina, and which he has called Iridium and Osmium. But, since the specific gravity of these grains so much exceeds that of the powder, which by my experiments has appeared to be, at the utmost, 14,2, I have thought it might deserve inquiry whether their chemical composition is in any respect different. For this purpose I have selected a portion of them, and have requested Mr.
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WIKI
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ONTAP Hardware
Change SMTP Server through CLI
rogalskij
6,250 Views
I have a Netapp FAS2040 with 8.1.4 installed on it and I need to change the SMTP server it is currently using for autosupport (we are powering off the old one). Since I know very little about the CLI I will take whatever assistance I can get to change it. I have already cruised the support pages, but I need a quick, directed answer. My OnCommand Manager is not letting me login (working with support on it), else I would change it there. If anyone has a quick set of commands to first view, then change the server to our new server, I would be ever so greatful.
Also, does the SMTP server have to be an IP Address, or can it be a fully qualified domain name of a server? I don't care either way, I just want to know. Thanks everyone in NetappVille!
1 REPLY 1
rwelshman
6,214 Views
options autosupport
will give you the list of autosupport options, the autouspport.mailhost option is the smtp server.
if the name listed isn't in DNS, it may be in the host file on the filer
rdfile /etc/hosts
if the entry is in there, you can either change the autosupport options directly or update the hosts file.
Public
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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1985 Open Championship
The 1985 Open Championship was a men's major golf championship and the 114th Open Championship, held from 18 to 21 July at Royal St George's Golf Club in Sandwich, England. Sandy Lyle won his only Open Championship, one stroke ahead of runner-up Payne Stewart. It was the first of his two major titles; Lyle added a green jacket as Masters champion in 1988.
This was the last year the Open Championship featured the double cut (after 36 holes and 54 holes), introduced in 1968. Jack Nicklaus was cut for the first time in his Open championship career dating back to 1962.
First round
Thursday, 18 July 1985
Second round
Friday, 19 July 1985
Amateurs: Gilford (+6), Olazábal (+8), Evans (+15), Davis (+16) McGimpsey (+16), Homewood (+18), Purdie (+24), Latham (+28)
Third round
Saturday, 20 July 1985
Amateurs: Olazábal (+9), Gilford (+12).
Final round
Sunday, 21 July 1985
Amateurs: Olazábal (+9) Source:
* The exchange rate at the time was approximately 1.39 dollars (US) per pound sterling.
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WIKI
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Beechey
Beechey is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
* William Beechey (1753–1839), English painter
* Anne Beechey (1764–1833), British portrait painter
* Henry William Beechey (1788–1862) British painter and Egyptologist
* Frederick William Beechey (1796–1856), English naval officer and explorer, son of William
* Richard Brydges Beechey (1808–1895), Anglo-Irish painter and naval officer, son of William
* St. Vincent Beechey (1806–1899), vicar and founder of Rossall School, son of William
* Ernest Beechey (1886–1972), New Zealand cricketer
* Norm Beechey, retired Australian race car driver
* Adam Beechey (born 1981), Australian racing driver
* Tyler Beechey (born 1981), Canadian ice hockey player
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WIKI
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Wells Fargo & Co.'s Secret to Stellar Growth
The financial crisis of 2008-2009 hit many industries hard -- especially banking. Like many other businesses, banks struggled to keep their heads above water. However, Wells Fargo , with the help of then-CEO Dick Kovacevich, figured out a clever way to stay afloat and outpace the competition even in the midst of a volatile time for the industry.
Tune in as Motley Fool analyst Gaby Lapera and senior bank specialist John Maxfield talk about how the company managed to do this.
Listen to the full podcast by clicking here . A full transcript follows the video.
The next billion-dollar iSecret
The world's biggest tech company forgot to show you something at its recent event, but a few Wall Street analysts and the Fool didn't miss a beat: There's a small company that's powering their brand-new gadgets and the coming revolution in technology. And we think its stock price has nearly unlimited room to run for early in-the-know investors! To be one of them, just click here .
This podcast was recorded on 11/30/15.
Gaby Lapera: Let's talk about that. There's this Wells Fargo article on the front page of The Wall Street Journal . It's about cross-selling. Maxfield, do you want to explain what cross-selling is?
John Maxfield: Yeah, so just a little bit of context. So Wells Fargo, right? I mean, anybody who listens to this show regularly knows that I'm a pretty big fan of Wells Fargo. I mean, this is, like, an amazing company, right? When you look at its metrics and particularly over the years and particularly when you consider that it's a bank, and the troubles that most banks went through during the financial crisis.
Well, it turns out, well, one of the things that makes Wells Fargo such an amazing organization from an investor's perspective is the fact that it sells multiple products to every customer. I think its average is like 6.13 products per retail customer. And most other banks are, even though they dont reportthose figures, they are presumably much lower than that. And it's that selling multiple products to the same customer, whether it's checking account, credit card, mortgage, what have you, wealth management product, it's the selling of those multiple products to that same customer; that is what cross-selling is.
Lapera: Right, and it's actually really impressive. You stated that the average Wells Fargo customer has around 6.17 accounts with them. Back in 1999 that was only three accounts on average per customer, and I believe that their goal is to have eight per customer.
Maxfield: Yeah ... and I think I'm probably going to totally get this pronunciation wrong, but this is a former CEO, Dick Kovacevich, who was really the force behind the merger of equals that brought, that gave us the Wells Fargo that we know today. And he came out with this initiative called, I think they called it, The Great Eight. But in the Wall Street Journal article they are referring it to as The Gr-8, like "Gr" and then dash-8. Gr-8.
Lapera: Even bankers have a sense of humor.
Maxfield: Yeah, so at least I hope that they do that as a joke. Because maybe their sense of humor is like my knowledge about science. They don't know enough about humor to even know if that's funny or not.
But anyway, Kovacevich came out with that, and that, really, since then over the last almost two decades, that has really been able, that has really pushed their margins and put Wells Fargo in a position to outperform the vast majority of its competitors both in terms of stock price and in terms of growth in its dividend share buybacks and things like that.
The article Wells Fargo & Co.'s Secret to Stellar Growth originally appeared on Fool.com.
Gaby Lapera has no position in any stocks mentioned. John Maxfield has no position in any stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool owns shares of and recommends Wells Fargo. The Motley Fool has the following options: short January 2016 $52 puts on Wells Fargo. Try any of our Foolish newsletter services free for 30 days . We Fools may not all hold the same opinions, but we all believe that considering a diverse range of insights makes us better investors. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
Copyright © 1995 - 2015 The Motley Fool, LLC. All rights reserved. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy .
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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If you have a MetroPCS phone and you want to unlock it in order to use it on any other carrier that is domestic or an international carrier, you can easily unlock the phone just by using a simple code. You will first have to find the IMEI number of your phone by removing the battery and looking at the back of the phone. Once you have got the IMEI number of your phone you can order MetroPCS factory unlock service, after your order is processed you will get a code and using the code you can unlock your phone, you just have to enter the provided code on your MetroPCS phone and it will we unlocked.
For newer phones including the LG Leon, Samsung Galaxy S6, Samsung Core Prime, Kyocera Hydro Wave, LG G-Stylo you will have to unlock the phone using the android app to unlock the phone, if you have a phone that needs to be unlocked using the android app you will need to order MetroPCS android app unlock service.
MetroPCS Phone Unlock Tutorial:
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Luis Lagrutta
Luis María Lagrutta (born April 28, 1988, in Rafaela, Santa Fe) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays for 9 de Julio de Rafaela in the Torneo Argentino B.
Honours
* Atlético de Rafaela
* Primera B Nacional (1): 2010–11
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Page:EB1911 - Volume 28.djvu/389
Rh was weakened by internal dissensions at the very moment when it was needful to put every man in line to meet the rising tide of invasion surging against the long curving eastern frontier.
Napoleon now pondered over his plan of campaign. In Belgium, across an almost open frontier, lay an ever-increasing force of Anglo-Dutch and Prussian troops under Wellington and Blücher. The Rhine frontier was threatened by Schwarzenberg's Austrians (210,000); Barclay de Tolly's Russians (150,000) were slowly coming up; and another Austrian force menaced the S.E. frontier of France. The allies determined that they would wage a war without risks, and they were particularly anxious to avoid the risk of defeat in detail. It was accordingly arranged that Wellington and Blücher should await in Belgium the arrival of the Austrian and Russian masses on the Rhine, about July 1, before the general invasion of France was begun. Thereafter, whatever befell, the allied armies would resolutely press forward towards Paris, affording each other mutual support, and with the tremendous weight of troops at their disposal thrust back Napoleon upon his capital, force him to fight in front of it, and drive him when defeated within its works. The end would then be in sight. Thus they had planned the campaign, but Napoleon forestalled them. In fact, the threatening danger forced his hand and compelled him to strike before he had collected a sufficient army for his defensive needs. Consequently he determined to advance swiftly and secretly against Wellington and Blücher, whose forces, as Napoleon knew, were dispersed over the country of their unenthusiastic ally. Thus he designed to crush a part of the coalition before the Russians and Austrians poured over the eastern frontier. Once Wellington and Blücher were destroyed he would move southwards and meet the other allies on the Rhine. He might thus compensate for his numerical inferiority by superior mobility and superior leadership.
His information showed that Wellington held the western half of Belgium from the Brussels-Charleroi road to the Scheldt, that his base of operations was Ostend, and that his headquarters were at Brussels. Blücher, based on
the Rhine at Coblentz, held the eastern half from the Brussels-Charleroi road to the Meuse, and had his headquarters at Namur. The emperor was convinced that nothing could be gained by invading Belgium from the S.E. or W.; such a stroke would surely drive the allies together, and that was never Napoleon's custom. On the other hand, if he struck straight at Charleroi—the allied junction point—he would drive the “Armée du Nord” like an armoured wedge between the allies, if only he caught them unsuspicious and unready. Forced asunder at the outset, each would (in all probability) fall back along his own line of communication, and the gap thus made between the allies would enable the emperor to manœuvre between them and defeat them in turn. To gain the best chance of success he would have to concentrate his whole army almost within gunshot of the centre of the enemies' outposts without attracting their attention; otherwise he would find the allies concentrated and waiting for him.
Wellington and Blücher were disposed as follows in the early days of June (Map I). The Anglo-Dutch army of 93,000 with headquarters at Brussels were cantoned: I. Corps (Prince of Orange), 30,200, headquarters Braine-le-Comte, disposed in the area Enghien-Genappe-Mons; II. Corps (Lord Hill), 27,300, headquarters Ath, distributed in the area Ath-Oudenarde-Ghent; reserve cavalry (Lord Uxbridge) 9900, in the valley of the Dendre river, between Grammont and Ninove; the reserve (under Wellington himself) 25,500, lay around Brussels. The frontier in front of Leuze and Binche was watched by the Dutch-Belgian light cavalry.
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WIKI
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Murray Bedel
Murray Bedel is a Canadian para-alpine skier. He represented Canada at the 1984 Winter Paralympics in alpine skiing.
He won the bronze medal in the Men's Slalom LW5/7 event.
He also competed in the Men's Downhill LW5/7 and Men's Giant Slalom LW5/7 events.
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WIKI
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Blue Giant (band)
Blue Giant was an American rock band from Portland, Oregon. An eclectic mix of country, indie rock, and psychedelic styles, Blue Giant have been called a Portland supergroup. The band was originally composed of the songwriters and musicians from Viva Voce, Kevin Leigh Robinson and Anita Lee Elliott, Chris Funk of The Decemberists, Evan Railton of Swords, and Seth Lorinczi of The Golden Bears, Circus Lupus & The Quails. Musically, Blue Giant could be characterized as rural psychedelic rock, with one music critic calling them a perfect country rock band.
History
After touring extensively in 2007 with The Shins and Jimmy Eat World, Kevin and Anita of Viva Voce took a brief hiatus. Tiring of the confines of a two-piece band, they began writing songs they considered for another band. Evan Railton of Swords was asked to play drums. Seth Lorinczi of The Golden Bears & Circus Lupus was invited to play bass. Last to join on pedal steel was Chris Funk of The Decemberists, who, upon hearing the band's early demos, demanded to join the band. Infused with their own respective indie-rock, punk and DIY backgrounds, the Blue Giant songs reflect a greater part of the Robinson's Southern heritage.
The band name is a reference to a blue giant star, a transitory phase in the life cycle of a star, and one of the brightest types of stars in the universe.
Blue Giant played their first show in June 2008 headlining the Wonder Ballroom in Portland. The band gave each audience member a free download of their first recording.
Collaborations
Blue Giant has recorded and performed with Corin Tucker of Sleater Kinney. Tucker's distinct voice is featured on a duet with Kevin Robinson on Blue Giant's debut EP.
Portland tour
Delving further in their collaborative spirit, Blue Giant went on a mini-tour of Portland in October 2008, each night bolstered by special guests such as Corin Tucker of Sleater Kinney, Sam Coomes of Quasi, Corrina Repp and Rachel Blumberg of Norfolk & Western, and M. Ward. The tour culminated in a collaboration with The Portland Cello Project, which saw Blue Giant accompanied by nine cellists.
Target Heart
Prior to release, Kevin was asked to talk about Blue Giant and the Target Heart EP in an eMusic Selects Q&A, on November 10, 2008. The 6 track CD EP was subsequently released by the imprint label Amore!Phonics. The 12" vinyl version of the album contains two additional tracks ("Wasn't Born To Follow" by The Byrds, and "Got To Be Free" by The Kinks) and was released through Jealous Butcher Records, the same label that printed the vinyl edition of Viva Voce's Rose City.
New tour, record deal, and lineup change
In February 2010, the band announced a nationwide tour and a recording deal with Vanguard Records, with plans to release a debut LP album on July 13, 2010. The announcement also stated that Funk and Lorinczi had relinquished their duties on pedal steel and bass, being replaced by Jesse Bates and Dave Depper, respectively.
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WIKI
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Risk factors for BK viremia in kidney transplant recipients
Détails
Demande d'une copie
ID Serval
serval:BIB_15B584003A2F
Type
Mémoire
Sous-type
(Mémoire de) maîtrise (master)
Collection
Publications
Institution
Titre
Risk factors for BK viremia in kidney transplant recipients
Auteur⸱e⸱s
HABISREUTINGER F.
Directeur⸱rice⸱s
GOLSHAYAN D.
Codirecteur⸱rice⸱s
MEYLAN P.
Détails de l'institution
Université de Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et médecine
Statut éditorial
Acceptée
Date de publication
18/01/2016
Langue
anglais
Nombre de pages
28
Résumé
Background. In the past 20 years, BK virus has emerged as a cause of early graft
dysfunction after kidney transplantation. In the setting of chronic immunosuppression
(IS), the latent virus can reactivate, leading to BK viremia (10-20%) and in 1-10% of
kidney transplant recipients to BK virus nephropathy (BKVN). The early detection of
BK viremia by serum DNA PCR screening allows prompt but controlled reduction of
IS, which, despite numerous attempts to find specific antiviral agents, remains the
mainstay therapy. So far, besides potent IS, no risk factor has been consistently
associated with BK viremia/BKVN. The use of a ureteral stent at the time of
transplantation to protect the ureterovesical anastomosis has been described as a
potential trigger. In this study, we aimed at defining the incidence and kinetics of BK
viremia in our local cohort of kidney transplant recipients, and analysed potential
predictors of BK viremia/BKVN, including ureteral stents.
Methods. We performed a single-centre retrospective study on consecutive patients
who received a kidney transplant at the CHUV between 01.11.03 and 31.12.12, with
at least 12 months follow-up. First, descriptive statistics were done to define the
general characteristics of the population. From a total 308 patients, a subpopulation
of 195, transplanted between 01.01.08 and 31.12.12, had enough data for relevant
analysis of BK viremia status during the first year as well as the use of a ureteral
stent. Statistical analyses were performed using R-software.
Results. BK viremia (>1000 copies/ml at least twice) was detected in 37/195 (19%)
patients within the first year post-transplantation, with an early onset in the first 4
months for 65%, whereas only 6 patients were newly diagnosed after 12 months.
28/195 (14.4%) had a peak BK viremia >10’000 copies/ml, which represents a high
positive predictive value for BKVN. Patients with BK viremia had a significantly lower
kidney function at one year as compared to BK viremia negative recipients
(eGFR=58 vs. 67 ml/min; p=0.019), and eGFR decreased as viremia levels
increased, in particular >10’000 copies/ml. We found no significant association with
the type of graft (living vs. cadaveric donor), or IS protocols (Basiliximab vs.
Thymoglobulin induction, tacrolimus vs. cyclosporine). Interestingly, combining
recipient’s age and gender, we observed a higher risk to reactivate BK virus in older
men (p=0.05). Ureteral stents were placed in 76/195 patients (39%), but their use did
not significantly influence BK viremia.
Conclusion. Considering the incidence of BK viremia in our population (22%), the
fact that BKVN represents a poor prognosis factor for graft function and that viremia
detection by PCR allows early diagnosis and management, our data reinforce the
importance of regular screening early after kidney transplantation and in the case of
unexplained rise in serum creatinine. Based on current knowledge and on our data, a
prospective randomized multicentre study with controlled variables (IS, ureteral
stents) and standardized follow-up charts (including urological
complications/manipulations) would help better understand the determinants of BK
viremia/BKVN.
Mots-clé
Kidney transplantation, BK virus, Ureteral stent, Immunosuppression
Création de la notice
07/07/2017 10:25
Dernière modification de la notice
02/11/2022 6:41
Données d'usage
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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7
Xoka
2y
I'm still using .then().catch() instead of the async await.
So, first of all, Fuck you for calling it a STANDARD now. its nowhere near to be called standard. You wanna get some data from an API? Wanna call it using axios or fetch? What if the server is down? what if there's an error that you don't even know existed? Where do I get that kinda error in async await? try-catch? no thanks :| I'm good -_-
Comments
• 2
No one said you can't use promise methods in async functions. Go wild.
For example I gave some other .catch another function I wrote used in a different-but same purpose- .catch so +1 for readibility and re-using.
Defo better than try{}catch(e){handle(e);}
• 4
It's okay it's okay👾
• 3
try-catch is good though. Shut the fuck up, kindly.
• 3
Just fyi... Async await is nothing but a syntetic sugar that wraps a promise and allows different type of syntax.. the kind people can easily read, so there's no "missing" functionality when switching..
But I feel like all this anger is really about something else, all good there? 🙃
• 2
@lambda123 i hated js, until async-await was added and it finally started looking like a normal programming lang. So it's not bad now. With TS its looking even more like typical typed language
• 1
@vortex "the type of syntax people can easily read", and especially *miss*read. I fixed so many obscure async/await issues in production code others just looked past. Async code should look like async code.
It is a fine syntax for the simplest of cases (a single async op, or a few sequential ones), but it comes nowhere near the flexibility of Promise for handling parallel ops (.all/ .some), requires a stupid keyword that breaks at top-level in all but the latest Node versions and it is confusing as fuck in loops and array methods. A chain of reusable thenables is way more readable and succinct than try/catch blocks.
async/await was added to JS to make it look familiar to C#, Python etc. A mistake for a lang whose "functions are first-class citizens" imo, just like the lie that is the class keyword and the obscene politically motivated absurdity that custom elements are forced to use a "class extends".
Sorry, I felt like ranting
• 0
@vortex Thanks for your concern but the anger is really about this async-await thingie. I don't like to write boilerplates for simple tasks and it feels like, this async await is just increasing the amount of boilerplates without providing any proper solution. Would've been nice if the async await returned object from fetch or axios had both response and error, but it only gives the response, letting the error unhandled :/
I hope, I'm right. If not, pardon my ignorance...
• 2
@Xoka which makes sense, because the whole "return response and error to callback" in JS was a big clusterfuck anyways. Errors are meant to be thrown and not reduced to just another parameter that fucks up everything when nit explicitly handled.
Also:
await Promise.all(foo.map(fnThatReturnsPromise))
Is short, readable and can be used with try catch in a way that mostly makes sense.
Yes a .then makes sense here and there but dismissing await as a whole? It's the first time asynchronous stuff in JS doesn't look like someone shat in my editor.
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The Global Guru: Which Stock Markets Have Soared By Double-Digit Percentages in 2014?
With the S&P 500 trading at just about the same level as it started in 2014, it has been hardly a gangbuster year for the U.S. stock market. And it also is a far cry from the #4 position that the U.S. stock market occupied among global stock markets in 2013.
The good news is that the range of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest in global markets and are available to U.S. retail investors has expanded steadily over the past few years.
That also means that your opportunities to profit from the hottest stock markets around the world have grown as well.
I monitor 44 global stock markets on a daily basis, as I track investments in my Global Gains Investment Program at my firm Global Guru Capital.
Doing so allows me to shift money into the best-performing markets in the world -- no matter where they may be.
With that, here are four top-performing global stock markets that have generated at least double-digit percentage gains in 2014.
1. Market Vectors Egypt (EGPT) -- up 20.18%
The Rothchilds family famously advised: “It’s best to invest when there is blood in the streets.”
By that standard, Egypt is the place to be.
The country's economy has been racked by political unrest ever since the “Arab Spring” ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak three years ago. The most recent protests focused on the ousted President Mohammed Morsi.
At the same time, the news is improving. Egypt’s interim government just announced a 33.9 billion Egyptian pound, or $4.87 billion, financed by the United Arab Emirates. Perhaps that explains in part the recent chart-topping performance of the Market Vectors Egypt Index ETF (EGPT), which has gained 20.18% year-to-date, even as the MSCI Emerging Markets Index is down 7.12% so far this year.
S&P 500 versus Market Vectors Market Vectors Egypt (EGPT)
2. Market Vectors Vietnam (VNM) -- up 12.56%
Thanks to favorable demographics, a cheap manufacturing base and increasing disposable income, the Vietnamese economy has massive growth potential. Technology production is gradually shifting from China to Vietnam. Manufacturing costs are a lot lower than in China, and Vietnam’s population is much younger, with an average age of 28.
After several unsuccessful attempts, the government has gotten inflation under control. State-owned enterprises are being privatized. The economy has received a further boost due to the country’s plans to increase foreign ownership of Vietnamese companies from the current limit of 49%. And unlike flashpoints like the Ukraine, Vietnam's currency is stable and suffers no political unrest.
Market Vectors Vietnam ETF (VNM) tracks the Market Vectors Vietnam Index and also includes offshore companies that generate at least 50% of their revenues in Vietnam. It has been one of the best-performing global ETFs this year -- gaining 12.56% so far in 2014.
S&P 500 versus Market Vectors Vietnam ETF (VNM)
3. iShares MSCI Denmark (EDEN) -- up 11.55%
Francis Fukuyama, the author of the classic “The End of History,” once told me that the eternal question among political scientists around the world is: “Why can't we all be more like Denmark?” That explains the slightly curious ticker symbol -- EDEN -- for the Danish ETF.
Investors in Denmark may be coming around to Fukuyama's view given the performance of the iShares MSCI Denmark Capped (EDEN), which has soared 11.55% this year. One reason for EDEN’s impressive returns is its 41% exposure to the health care sector. The ETF’s largest holding, Danish pharmaceuticals giant Novo Nordisk (NVO), accounts for over 24% of the fund’s weight.
EDEN has also benefited from Denmark’s krone being pegged to the euro, which provides its currency with unique stability.
S&P 500 versus iShares MSCI Denmark (EDEN)
4. iShares MSCI Ireland (EIRL) -- up 11.46%
I have written before how Ireland is Europe’s poster child for the success of austerity. As Standard & Poor’s noted, Ireland has consistently “over-achieved” its fiscal targets and reduced its government debt faster than expected.
Government budget cuts, banking reforms and robust exports have helped Ireland become the first economy among Europe's PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) that has returned to growth. The country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded by 1.5% in Q3 of 2013. Ireland was the first of the PIIGS to exit its bailout in December, and it has now raised sufficient funds to cover its expenditures for the rest of 2014.
The performance of the iShares MSCI Ireland Capped Investable Market Index Fund (EIRL) -- up 45.55% in 2013 and a current recommendation in my Alpha Investor Letter investment service -- made Ireland the top-performing global stock market in 2013 among all of the global stock markets I track on a daily basis.
S&P 500 versus iShares MSCI Ireland (EIRL)
An even better performer has been Bank of Ireland (IRE) -- a recommendation in my Bull Market Alert trading service -- which has soared 48.02% just since the start of the year.
In case you missed it, I encourage you to read my e-letter column posted last week on Eagle Daily Investor about how to know what stocks the big hedge funds are buying. I also invite you to comment in the space provided below my Eagle Daily Investor commentary.
NOTE: Global Guru Capital is a Securities and Exchange Commission-registered investment adviser, and is not affiliated with Eagle Products.
Sincerely,
Nicholas Vardy, CFA
Editor, The Global Guru
Subscribe to my Newsletter and Trading Services.
Follow me on Twitter.
Check out my Blog.
Nicholas Vardy has a unique background that has proven his knack for making money in different markets around the world.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Do babies kick or punch more in the womb?
The scientists said they suspect the decrease in movement occurs because there is less room for the baby to move around. But babies in the womb are doing more than just kicking. By 15 weeks, the baby is also punching, opening and closing its mouth, moving its head, and sucking its thumb.
Do babies kick or punch more?
As the babies grow, they gradually add more movements to their repertoire, such as hiccupping, arm and leg movements, stretching, yawning, and thumb sucking. But the mom won’t feel the bigger movements — such as kicks and punches — until 16 to 18 weeks into her pregnancy, when the baby is a bit stronger.
Which part of the baby moves more in the womb?
At 19 weeks, the top of the uterus (the uterine fundus) is just below the level of the belly button. So most fetal movement (kicks, etc.) is felt in the lower part of the belly.
IT IS INTERESTING: What are signs of constipation in a baby?
Why does a baby kick a lot in the womb?
The takeaway
The movement is your baby exercising to promote healthy bone and joint development. All pregnancies and all babies are different, but it’s unlikely that lots of activity means anything other than your baby is growing in size and strength.
How does it feel when a baby kicks in the womb?
Others describe first baby kicks to feel like flutters, gas bubbles, tumbling, a light tickle, a painless “zapping” feeling, a light flicking, or a gentle thud or tap. As baby grows, movements will become much more pronounced and you will feel them more frequently.
Who moves early in womb boy or girl?
One study, published in 2001 in the journal Human Fetal and Neonatal Movement Patterns, found that boys may move around more in the womb than girls. The average number of leg movements was much higher in the boys compared to the girls at 20, 34 and 37 weeks, that study found.
Why does it feel like a baby kicking when Im not pregnant?
It’s possible to have sensations that feel like a baby kicking when you aren’t pregnant. Several normal movements in a woman’s body can mimic a baby’s kicks. This includes gas, muscle contractions, and peristalsis—the wave-like motions of intestinal digestion. Women often refer to the sensation as phantom kicks.
Can I hurt my baby by pressing on my stomach?
Your baby bump will probably get bumped while you’re pregnant, particularly if you have young children. It is almost always harmless. But if you suffer abdominal trauma, such as getting in a car accident, call your doctor.
IT IS INTERESTING: Do relationships change after having baby?
Can I hurt my baby by sleeping on my right side?
Not necessarily. That 2019 study review showed equal safety with sleeping on the left and right sides. There’s a very slight risk of compression issues with the IVC when you sleep on the right, but it’s mostly a matter of where you’re most comfortable.
Where do you feel baby kicks when baby is head down?
When the baby’s head is up, you’re more likely to experience discomfort under the ribs and to feel kicking in the lower belly. When the baby is head down, you’ll probably be feeling kicking higher up in the belly, and discomfort or pressure in the pelvis rather than the upper belly.
Who is more active in womb boy or girl?
Conclusion: Despite numerous prior studies derived from small samples failing to reveal significant sex differences in fetal activity, the present study demonstrates that males are about 10% more active than females during the latter two-thirds of pregnancy and are even more so following birth.
How can you tell if your baby is stressed in the womb?
What are the signs of fetal distress?
1. Your baby has a decreased heart rate.
2. Your baby has a different (on nonexistent) pattern of fetal movement after week 28.
3. Your water breaks and is greenish-brown (that’s baby’s first poop; some babies who pass this meconium while still in the uterus may be in distress)
16 нояб. 2020 г.
How can you tell if your baby has autism in the womb?
A small study looking at ultrasound scans that checked for fetal defects showed that children who went on to develop ASD had greater head and abdominal sizes at around 20 weeks’ in the womb than did their healthy peers.
IT IS INTERESTING: Can a 9 pound baby fit in newborn clothes?
Do babies have quiet days in the womb?
Most women will be aware of baby’s movements by about 20 weeks, although this may occur earlier with a second or subsequent baby. You may still have quiet days up until about 26 weeks of pregnancy.
Can you feel baby kicking your bladder?
If they’re breech, with their feet dangling down, you’ll feel kicks lower in your abdomen and it may even feel like they’re kicking their way out of your cervix or dancing on your bladder later in pregnancy.
How many weeks is 7 months pregnant?
The weeks of pregnancy don’t fit neatly into months, so seven months can begin between 25 weeks and 27 weeks pregnant and extend up to week 28 through 31.
Baby Advice
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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When the World is Wide
When the World is Wide is the debut studio album by Japanese indie rock band Ykiki Beat. It was released on July 22, 2015 by P-Vine Records.
Personnel
* Ykiki Beat
* Nobuki Akiyama – lead vocals, guitar
* Kohei Kamoto - guitar
* Koki Nozue - synthesizer
* Yotaro Kachi - bass
* Mizuki Sekiguchi - drums
* Additional personal
* Yujiro Yonetsu - production
* Tom McFall - mixing
* Yoshirotten - artworks
* Yu Nakazato - A&R
* Takuya Yamaguchi - management
* Hiroki Sakida - management
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WIKI
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hi, i'm trying to have a mail function using gmail server but i keep getting the error :
SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host. Mailer Error: SMTP Error: Could not connect to SMTP host.
this is the code i got
<?php
include("class.phpmailer.php");
include("class.smtp.php");
if(isset($_POST['send'])){
$body=$_POST[email];
$mail = new PHPMailer();
$mail->IsSMTP();
$mail->SMTPAuth = true; // enable SMTP authentication
$mail->SMTPSecure = "ssl"; // use ssl
$mail->Host = "ssl://smtp.gmail.com"; // GMAIL's SMTP server
$mail->Port = 465; // SMTP port used by GMAIL server
$mail->Username = "myaccount@gmail.com"; // GMAIL username
$mail->Password = "mypassword"; // GMAIL password
$mail->AddReplyTo("account@domain.com","FirstName LastName"); // Reply email address
$mail->From = "myaccount@gmail.com";
$mail->FromName = "myname"; // Name to appear once the email is sent
$mail->Subject = "testing 123"; // Email's subject
//$mail->Body = "Hello World,<br />This is the HTML BODY<br />"; //HTML Body
$mail->AltBody = "This is a test email"; // optional, comment out and test
$mail->WordWrap = 50; // set word wrap
$mail->MsgHTML($body); // [optional] Send body email as HTML
$mail->AddAddress("account@domain.com"); // email address of recipient
//$mail->AddAttachment("files/files.zip"); // [optional] attachment
$mail->IsHTML(true); // [optional] send as HTML
if(!$mail->Send())
echo "Mailer Error: " . $mail->ErrorInfo;
else
echo "Message sent!";
}
?>
Have you tried using any other SMTP server to send out mail? I know it is like taking 2 steps forward and 3 back but it may help you to determine whether it is the Host or the Port that is the problem (perhaps try both a non-encrypted server and an encrypted one and see the result??)
I dont know if this will be any help but good luck anyways.
ParkeyParker
;-D
i dont know what to do. i have a similar problem just like your's.
I assume your code is perfect, so the only problme may exist port 465 not open on your server.
Ask your host about this port status...
Hi.
Try removing the "ssl://" from the host URI. The PHPMailer code should add that for you in the background.
Hi,
After removing the "ssl://" from the host URL but I still keep getting the error.
why not use other smtp servers. try hotPop
or try to search google.
This code works for me.
<?php
// Fetch the PHPMailer classes
include("phpMailer/class.phpmailer.php");
include("phpMailer/class.smtp.php");
// Your email info
$yourMail = '<gmail_user>@gmail.com';
$yourPass = '<gmail_password>';
$yourName = '<your_name>';
// Recipent list
$recipients = array(
'recipient1@example.com',
'recipient2@example.com'
);
// Mail contents
$mailSubject = 'Testing GMail SMTP';
$mailHtmlBody =<<<HTML
<h1>Testing GMail SMTP</h1>
<p>This is just to test if sending via GMail SMTP works.</p>
HTML;
// Create a new SSL PHPMailer instance
$mail = new PHPMailer();
$mail->IsSMTP();
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
$mail->SMTPSecure = "ssl";
// Set the GMail SMTP settings
$mail->Host = "smtp.gmail.com";
$mail->Port = 465;
$mail->Username = $yourMail;
$mail->Password = $yourPass;
// Add all the recipients
foreach($recipients as $_recipient) {
$mail->AddAddress($_recipient);
}
// Create the email
$mail->AddReplyTo($yourMail,$yourName);
$mail->From = $yourMail;
$mail->FromName = $yourName;
$mail->Subject = $mailSubject;
$mail->Body = $mailHtmlBody;
$mail->IsHTML(true); // Or FALSE, if it is not a HTML email
$mail->WordWrap = 50;
// Send the mail
if($mail->Send()) {
echo "Message sent!";
}
else {
echo "Failed to send message: " . $mail->ErrorInfo;
}
?>
Try that. See if it works for you.
hey got other codes?
the codes work just right.
I try this but it raised an error: Invalid address: @gmail.comSMTP Error: Could not authenticate. Failed to send message: SMTP Error: Could not authenticate.
Member Avatar for rajarajan2017
Hi littlebear330,
The code you written is correct and you must try this from server, and not from the localhost, from localhost it will not work.
Please copy all your files to the hosting server, and run the php file it will work.
When you have a hosting server, they already configured smtp for you. From there only your code will execute perfectly, it is not possible to check the mail send from local machine.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Category:Maharajas of Rajasthan
This category contains the rulers of erstwhile kingdoms and princely states in the present area of Rajasthan.
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WIKI
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Stable isotopes as a method for analysis of the contribution of different dietary sources in the production of Macrobrachium amazonicum
Ademir Heldt, Sabrina Suita, Fabrício Martins Dutra, Alexandre Leandro Pereira, Eduardo Ballester
Submited: 2018-05-12 20:57:21 | Published: 2019-05-02 15:28:29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3856/vol47-issue2-fulltext-8
Abstract
Macrobrachium amazonicum is the native freshwater prawn species with the greatest potential for captive production in Brazil. The stable isotope carbon and nitrogen technique (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) is efficient to determine the contribution of different food sources to a given organism. We used this technique to estimate the contribution of the food sources in the biomass gain of M. amazonicum. Fish fillets were used to determine the isotopic fractionation between juveniles of M. amazonicum and a standard food source. Juvenile M. amazonicum were submitted to four treatments with different food availability to determine their contributions; T1: without soil substrate and with feed supply; T2: without soil substrate and feed supply; T3: with soil substrate, feed supply and addition of an aquatic macrophyte (Elodea sp.); and, T4: with soil substrate, aquatic macrophytes and without feed supply. Periphyton, plankton and precipitated organic material were present in all treatments. The isotopic fractionation was 0.57 ± 0.07 (carbon) and 2.14 ± 0.18 (nitrogen). The prawn fed with ration presented growth 2.4 and 2.82 times higher in the treatments without substrate (T1) and with substrate and macrophytes (T3), respectively. The contribution of the food sources reinforces omnivore in prawn. The benthic organisms and feed supply were fundamental for the better growth performance of M. amazonicum. Estimating the effective contributions of food sources can help in developing diets more adequate for the species, increasing productivity, reducing costs and reducing the environmental impact of waste substances.
Heldt A, Suita S, Dutra F, Pereira A, Ballester E. Stable isotopes as a method for analysis of the contribution of different dietary sources in the production of Macrobrachium amazonicum. Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res.. 2019;47(2): 282-291. Available from: doi:10.3856/vol47-issue2-fulltext-8 [Accessed 9 Apr. 2020].
Heldt, A., Suita, S., Dutra, F., Pereira, A., & Ballester, E. (2019). Stable isotopes as a method for analysis of the contribution of different dietary sources in the production of Macrobrachium amazonicum. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 47(2), 282-291. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol47-issue2-fulltext-8
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Soft Tissue Grafting in Falls Church, VA
Terminology
In a healthy mouth, teeth are surrounded by gingival and mucosal tissue. Gingival (gum) tissue is coral pink, thick, and dense under a microscope. This tissue forms a tight seal around the teeth serving as a barrier against the penetration of bacteria to the underlying supporting bone. The gingiva also helps to withstand trauma from eating and brushing. Dentists refer to this band of tissue as the attached or keratinized tissue. The second type of tissue, mucosa, is found directly below the gingiva. Mucosal tissue is red, very thin, and appears loose under a microscope. It does not seal tightly around the tooth, nor does it withstand trauma very well. Dentists refer to this zone of tissue as the alveolar mucosa.
Reasons for Gingival Grafts
When there is only minor recession, some healthy gingiva often remains and protects the tooth, so that no treatment, other than modifying home care practices, is necessary. In this case, the doctors will often have the patient return one year later to compare measurements and photographs to determine if the recession is progressing.
However, when recession reaches the mucosa, the first line of defense against bacterial penetration is lost. At this stage, no matter how meticulously the patient tries to control the bacteria, there is a greater chance of bacteria penetrating and affecting the underlying supporting bone around the tooth. In addition, gum recession often results in root sensitivity to hot and cold foods as well as an unsightly appearance of the gum and tooth. Also, gum recession, when significant, can predispose to worsening recession and expose the root surface, which is softer than enamel, leading to root caries (decay) and root gouging. So, your gum may have receded for a variety of reasons, including improper tooth position, aggressive tooth brushing or periodontal disease. Prior to treatment, Dr. Gouldin or Dr. Carlos will help you identify the factors contributing to the problem. Once these contributing factors are understood, a soft tissue graft procedure is often advised to repair the defect and help to prevent additional recession and bone loss.
The subepithelial connective tissue graft
The most common procedure Drs. Gouldin and Carlos perform for root coverage and for thickening/strengthening the attached gingiva is called the subepithelial connective tissue graft. This minor surgery, which is considered the gold standard of the soft tissue grafting procedures, takes about 45 minutes per tooth treated. During the procedure, the affected tooth is cleaned thoroughly and a small recipient pouch is created to receive the graft tissue. Then, the palatal donor tissue is obtained in an atraumatic fashion utilizing a tiny incision. This small palatal incision is closed, and the graft is fitted and secured within the recipient pouch, both with suture material that can only be seen clearly with magnification. Most patients report little to no discomfort with this procedure, and followup visits are scheduled at approximately 1 and 6 weeks.
Drs. Gouldin and Carlos take digital photos of all of the soft tissue grafting procedures they perform so that your results can be seen and discussed at the 6 week followup. Some of our patient’s treatment outcomes are shown below. As you can see, the results of this procedure are often dramatic and esthetically pleasing.
For more information about Soft Tissue Grafting or to schedule a consultation with Drs. Gouldin and Carlos, call our office in Falls Church, VA at Falls Church Office Phone Number 703-534-1766.
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ESSENTIALAI-STEM
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Page:Popular Science Monthly Volume 57.djvu/314
304 for this special comparison by Professor Brown, of the United States Naval Observatory; C. G. Abbot, aid acting in immediate charge, assigned with C. E. Mendenhall to the bolometer; T. W. Smillie, having general direction of the photographic work, made exposures at the 135-foot telescope; F. E. Fowle, Jr., assigned to the 38-foot telescope; Father Searle, directing the assembled telescopes for the outer coronal region, and for intra-mercurial planets, assisted by P. A. Draper and C. W. B. Smith, exposed two cameras of 3-inch aperture and 11 feet focus, and two of 4-inch aperture and 3 feet focus, all four of these telescopes being mounted on a single polar axis driven by an excellent clock; De Lancey Gill, assisting Mr. Smillie, removed the flash spectrum objective prism at second contact, and made a single long exposure with a 6-inch photographic lens of 7 feet focus equatorially mounted: Assistant G. K. Putnam, who, by the kindness of the superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, was detailed for latitude, longitude and time observations, also observed contacts, directed the striking of signals by Mr. Little, and rendered other valuable services. Mr. Putnam was assisted in recording contacts by Mr. Hoxie. R. C. Child, observing with a 6-inch telescope of 7 feet focus, made sketches with special reference to inner coronal detail, and was in addition charged with all electrical circuits for chronograph and automatic photographic apparatus. Father Woodman, with 3-inch telescope, observed contacts and made sketches.
The first detachment, consisting of Messrs. Abbot, Fowle, Kramer (instrument maker) and Smith (carpenter), reached Wadesboro May 4th, and were soon joined by Messrs. Draper and Putnam. The latter returned to Washington after a short but satisfactory latitude and longitude campaign, reaching Wadesboro again just before the eclipse. Other members of the party reached camp on and after the middle of the month. The first comers found a very satisfactory shed already erected and piers begun. Not a day passed from the time of the arrival of the apparatus, May 7th, to the day before the eclipse, that was not fully occupied in perfecting the arrangements.
The most striking portion of the installation was the line beginning at the northwest pier, with its equatorial and cœlostat, continued from thence south of east by the two great diverging tubes of the 135-foot telescope and spectroscope. These tubes were covered with white canvas, presenting the appearance of two immensely prolonged 'A' tents, ending beyond the photographic house, where the 38-foot telescope tube pointed east and upward at an angle of 42° with the horizon. When the equatorial, with its large special conical tube camera, with all this long-branching extent of white canvas ending in the uplifted tube of
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WIKI
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Page:Henry Adams' History of the United States Vol. 3.djvu/168
156 to persevere in this lawless system at the hazard of losing customers whose annual purchases of her manufactures and other merchandise exceeds, I believe, thirty millions of dollars."
Gregg would not endanger peace, but he would say to Great Britain,—
* "in this mild and moderate, though manly and firm, language: 'You have insulted the dignity of our country by impressing our seamen and compelling them to fight your battles against a Power with whom we are at peace; you have plundered us of much property by that predatory war which you authorize to be carried on against our commerce. To these injuries, insults, and oppression we will submit no longer. . . . If you persist in your hostile measures, if you absolutely refuse acceding to any propositions of compromise, we must slacken those bonds of friendship by which we have been connected. You must not expect hereafter to find us in your market purchasing your manufactures to so large an amount.' This is their vulnerable part; by attacking them in their warehouses and workshops, we can reach their vitals."
If Pitt should retaliate, Gregg would go further; he would confiscate all the private property belonging to British subjects on which he could lay his hands, treaty stipulations to the contrary notwithstanding.
The Pennsylvanian contented himself with pacific measures, and his oratory had the merit of consistency with his party doctrines and principles; but the democracy of Massachusetts, which would never understand or obey the theories of Virginia and Pennsylvania,
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WIKI
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The effects of height and BMI on prostate cancer incidence and mortality: a Mendelian randomization study in 20,848 cases and 20,214 controls from the PRACTICAL consortium
Neil M Davies, Tom R Gaunt, Sarah J Lewis, Jeff Holly, Jenny L Donovan, Freddie C Hamdy, John P Kemp, Rosalind Eeles, Doug Easton, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Ali Amin Al Olama, Sara Benlloch, Kenneth Muir, Graham G Giles, Fredrik Wiklund, Henrik Gronberg, Christopher A Haiman, Johanna Schleutker, Børge G Nordestgaard, Ruth C TravisDavid Neal, Nora Pashayan, Kay-Tee Khaw, Janet L Stanford, William J Blot, Stephen Thibodeau, Christiane Maier, Adam S Kibel, Cezary Cybulski, Lisa Cannon-Albright, Hermann Brenner, Jong Park, Radka Kaneva, Jyotsna Batra, Manuel R Teixeira, Hardev Pandha, Mark Lathrop, George Davey Smith, Richard M Martin, PRACTICAL consortium (Martin Andreas Røder, Peter Iversen, members)
60 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies suggest a potential role for obesity and determinants of adult stature in prostate cancer risk and mortality, but the relationships described in the literature are complex. To address uncertainty over the causal nature of previous observational findings, we investigated associations of height- and adiposity-related genetic variants with prostate cancer risk and mortality.
METHODS: We conducted a case-control study based on 20,848 prostate cancers and 20,214 controls of European ancestry from 22 studies in the PRACTICAL consortium. We constructed genetic risk scores that summed each man's number of height and BMI increasing alleles across multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms robustly associated with each phenotype from published genome-wide association studies.
RESULTS: The genetic risk scores explained 6.31 and 1.46 % of the variability in height and BMI, respectively. There was only weak evidence that genetic variants previously associated with increased BMI were associated with a lower prostate cancer risk (odds ratio per standard deviation increase in BMI genetic score 0.98; 95 % CI 0.96, 1.00; p = 0.07). Genetic variants associated with increased height were not associated with prostate cancer incidence (OR 0.99; 95 % CI 0.97, 1.01; p = 0.23), but were associated with an increase (OR 1.13; 95 % CI 1.08, 1.20) in prostate cancer mortality among low-grade disease (p heterogeneity, low vs. high grade <0.001). Genetic variants associated with increased BMI were associated with an increase (OR 1.08; 95 % CI 1.03, 1.14) in all-cause mortality among men with low-grade disease (p heterogeneity = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: We found little evidence of a substantial effect of genetically elevated height or BMI on prostate cancer risk, suggesting that previously reported observational associations may reflect common environmental determinants of height or BMI and prostate cancer risk. Genetically elevated height and BMI were associated with increased mortality (prostate cancer-specific and all-cause, respectively) in men with low-grade disease, a potentially informative but novel finding that requires replication.
Original languageEnglish
JournalCancer causes & control
Volume26
Issue number11
Pages (from-to)1603-16
Number of pages14
ISSN0957-5243
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Sep 2015
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User:Gdh~enwiki
Hi there,
My name is Gudmundur D. Haraldsson. I don't write that much on the English Wikipedia - mostly tiny changed there and there, but I write more on the Icelandic Wikipedia (my userpage on the Icelandic Wikipedia.
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Lantus (insulin glargine) Research
03:08 EDT 15th August 2018 | BioPortfolio
Association of weight gain and fifteen adipokines with declining beta-cell function in Mexican Americans.
Obesity and adipokines are associated with development of type 2 diabetes. However, limited longitudinal studies have examined their roles on declining β-cell function over time. This report assessed three adiposity measures (BMI, percent body fat, trunk fat), insulin resistance, and fifteen adipokines in relationship to longitudinal change in β-cell function measured by disposition index (DI) f...
Different roles of insulin receptor a and b in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis in zebrafish.
An inability of insulin to signal glycolysis and gluconeogenesis would largely result in type 2 diabetes. In this study, the physiological roles of zebrafish insulin receptor a and b in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis were characterized. We observed that, though blood glucose in insra-/- fish and insrb-/- fish were comparable with the control siblings at 0 hours postprandium (hpp), the most ...
Autophagy upregulation as a possible mechanism of arsenic induced diabetes.
The key features of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by high fat diet (HFD) in combination with arsenic (As) exposure (pronounced glucose intolerance despite a significant decrease in insulin resistance) are different from those expected for T2DM. Autophagy has been considered as a possible link between insulin resistance and obesity. Therefore in this study, we utilized autophagy gene expre...
Cost-Effectiveness of Insulin Degludec vs. Insulin Glargine U100 in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a UK Setting.
Understanding which therapeutic innovations in diabetes represent the best value requires rigorous economic evaluation. Data from randomised controlled trials and observational studies indicate that insulin degludec has a hypoglycemia advantage versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (glargine U100), the most widely prescribed basal insulin analogue in the UK. This analysis was done to more rigorousl...
Brain glucose uptake is associated with endogenous glucose production in obese subjects before and after bariatric surgery and predicts metabolic outcome at follow-up.
We have previously shown that insulin enhances brain glucose uptake (BGU) in obese but not in lean subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate further this finding by combining BGU with measures of endogenous glucose production (EGP). Associations between insulin-stimulated BGU and peripheral markers such as metabolites and inflammatory markers were also explored.
Is insulin pump therapy effective in Type 1 diabetes?
There continues to be uncertainty about the effectiveness in Type 1 diabetes of insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII) vs. multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). This narrative review discusses the reasons for this uncertainty, summarizes the current evidence base for CSII and suggests some future research needs. There are difficulties in interpreting trials of CSI...
Melatonin Improves Hyperglycemia Induced Damages In Rat Brain.
Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which is characterized by the development of resistance to the cellular activity of insulin or inadequate insulin production. It leads to hyperglycemia, prolonged inflammation and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is assumed to play an important role in the development of diabetic complications. Melatonin is the hormone that interacts with insulin in dia...
A Mathematical Model of Type 1 Diabetes Involving Leptin Effects on Glucose Metabolism.
Leptin, a hormone released from fat cells in adipose tissues, was recently found to be capable of normalizing glucose metabolism in animals. Clinical data on patients with lipodystrophy indicates that leptin may have a positive effect on glucose metabolism in individuals with diabetes. There are growing expectations that leptin can improve the current insulin treatment for patients with type 1 dia...
Liver-specific ablation of insulin-degrading enzyme causes hepatic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, without affecting insulin clearance in mice.
The role of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), a metalloprotease with high affinity for insulin, in insulin clearance remains poorly understood.
Expression, purification and biological activity of monomeric insulin precursors from methylotrophic yeasts.
The methylotrophic yeasts Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha have been used for the production of recombinant monomeric insulin precursor (MIP). Recombinant plasmids with one, two and four cassettes of the MIP gene have been successfully constructed in the pPICZαA expression vector to study the effects of gene copy number on MIP production. The MIP protein can be detected by dot-blot analys...
Effects of Insulin Treatment with Glargine or Premixed Insulin Lispro Programs in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intensive insulin therapy (premixed insulin lispro vs. insulin glargine) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Efficacy of 1,550-nm Erbium-Glass Fractional Laser Treatment and Its Effect on the Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Wnt/β-Catenin in Androgenetic Alopecia.
A new treatment for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is 1,550-nm erbium-glass (Er:Glass) fractional laser. The wound healing process associated with this treatment is believed to be due to the stimulation of hair regrowth. Both the Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) proteins and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are important molecules that promote new hair growth.
Effects of Clove and Fermented Ginger on Blood Glucose, Leptin, Insulin and Insulin Receptor Levels in High Fat DietInduced Type 2 Diabetic Rabbits.
The aimed of this research is to evaluate the effects of clove and fermented ginger supplements on blood glucose,serum insulin, insulin receptor and Leptin levels of high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rabbits. Clove and gingerare spices with records of medicinal value over decades. Thirty males rabbits weighing, 1-1.5kg were used for the research.Type 2 diabetes was induced by feedi...
Cellular phosphatase activity of C1-Ten/Tensin2 is controlled by Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate binding through the C1-Ten/Tensin2 SH2 domain.
Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation on insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is essential for insulin signaling. The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) C1-Ten/Tensin2 has been implicated in the regulation of IRS-1, but the molecular basis of this dephosphorylation is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular phosphatase activity of C1-Ten/Tensin2 on IRS-1 is mediated by the bi...
The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the impact of structured exercise training, and the influence of associated weight loss, on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It also examined its effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity in individuals with or at increased risk of NAFLD. Analyses were restricted to studies using magnetic...
Factors related to the self-application of insulin in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
To identify the factors associated with the self-application of insulin in adult individuals with Diabetes Mellitus.
HIGH FAT DIET-INDUCED OBESITY AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN CYP4A14 MICE IS MEDIATED BY 20-HETE.
20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) has been shown to positively correlate with body mass index, hyperglycemia and plasma insulin levels. This study seeks to identify a causal relationship between 20-HETE and obesity-driven insulin resistance. Cyp4a14 male mice, a model of 20-HETE overproduction, were fed a regular or high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. 20-SOLA, a 20-HETE antagonist, was admin...
Short-term feeding of a ketogenic diet induces more severe hepatic insulin resistance than a obesogenic high-fat diet.
A ketogenic diet is known to lead to weight loss and is considered metabolically healthy; however there are conflicting reports on its effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity. KD fed animals appear metabolically healthy in the fasted state after 3 days of dietary challenge, whereas obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) fed animals show elevated insulin levels. A glucose challenge reveals that both KD and ...
Reducing proinflammatory signalling and enhancing insulin secretion with the application of oxygen persufflation in human pancreata.
Potential cause-effect relationship between insulin autoimmune syndrome and alpha lipoic acid: Two case reports.
Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) or Hirata disease is a rare cause of autoimmune hypoglycemia with apparent high insulin levels and anti-insulin autoantibodies and was first described by Hirata in Japan in 1970. IAS cases are usually related to exposure to sulfhydryl-containing drugs, which stimulate the production of insulin autoantibodies. Among sulfhydryl-containing compounds, alpha lipoic aci...
Neuroprotective effect of treadmill exercise against blunted brain insulin signaling, NADPH oxidase and Tau hyperphosphorylation in rats fed a high-fat diet.
Obesity induces oxidative stress by causing hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, while contributing to cognitive and memory decline by inducing insulin resistance in the brain and hyperphosphorylation of Tau proteins. We aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise in improving these obesity-induced pathological phenomena. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 20 weeks were fed a high-fat diet (HFD)...
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THYROID CANCER AND INSULIN RESISTANCE, METABOLIC SYNDROME AND ITS COMPONENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.
Thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in incidence worldwide in the past several decades, same as the incidence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a system review and meta-analysis of the association between metabolic syndrome, its components and insulin resistance and thyroid cancer incidence.
Perceptions and experiences of adult patients with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy: Results of an online survey.
To assess perceptions of patients using subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) about metabolic control, pump malfunctions, technical and insertion site adverse events (AEs) related to infusion sets/catheters as well as patients' practices.
The effects of expression of different microRNAs on insulin secretion and diabetic nephropathy progression.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently become well-known efficacious biomarkers for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). MiRNAs, short noncoding RNAs, are posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, which regulate several biological cell functions, including insulin production and secretion, as well as insulin resistance in tissues. Today, the focus of the medical world is centered on the ...
Physicochemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses of amphiphilic cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles designed to enhance intestinal delivery of insulin.
Due to excellent efficacy, low toxicity, and well-defined selectivity, development of new injectable peptides is increasing. However, the translation of these drugs into products for effective oral delivery has been restricted due to poor oral bioavailability. Nanoparticle (NP) formulations have potential to overcome the barriers to oral peptide delivery through protecting the payload and increasi...
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Trump's pick of Acosta for Labor secretary is a slam dunk—Commentary
President Donald Trump's choice of Alexander Acosta to replace fast-food CEO Andy Puzder as his choice for Secretary of Labor may be the biggest slam dunk of his presidency so far. Here are three reasons why: Acosta has the perfect professional resume for Labor at this time. He's been on the National Labor Relations Board, served as an Assistant Attorney General, and most recently was the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida. His expertise in immigration law especially is quite useful under the Trump administration. It also doesn't hurt that he has two degrees (undergrad and law school) from Harvard. And Acosta is not just an important Latino figure because of his lineage alone. Since 2013, he's been the Chairman of U.S. Century Bank which is one of the largest Latino-American-owned community banks in the U.S. Puzder, the CEO of CKE Restaurants and someone known for making controversial statements, was a decidedly out-of-the-box choice for a cabinet position. His withdrawal may be something to mourn for those who truly wanted a major shake-up for the D.C. bureaucracy. But while Acosta may agree with a lot of Puzder's ideas, he is a clear product of the Washington system with many more years in government service than in the private sector. That fact alone will assure some of the more worried observers from both parties that President Trump is not intent on assembling some kind of rogue cabinet. The flip side of that is jobs and immigration are such a crucial part of President Trump's promise to shake up government as usual. Acosta may be able to achieve that goal but as a consummate insider, it may take more intellectual heavy lifting. If the Trump team is going to follow through on those promised changes, this may have to be one of those cases where the cabinet member charged with carrying out those changes simply has to do what the president demands and keeps his own input to a minimum. And then there's the final kicker: Acosta may be Democrats' worst nightmare. He's a nominee they simply have to respect and cannot begin to hope to block. It would simply be suicide for a party that's banking more and more on racial identity politics to be aggressive or even appear to be aggressively opposing someone like Acosta. Barring the revelation of some kind of crazy personal scandal, nothing will stop Acosta from becoming our next Labor Secretary. The ease with which he will be confirmed and the kind way he is likely to be treated even by the president's enemies, might bring a needed moment of calm in the current Washington storm. Commentary by Jake Novak, CNBC.com senior columnist. Follow him on Twitter @jakejakeny.
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User:DemonLee/sandbox
Peter Cosslett - Artist (1926-2012)
Peter Cosslett was born in Cardiff in 1926 and started his working life as a merchant marine which first sparked his interest in the force and drama of the Sea.
Peter took to painting 'as a distraction' after a serious illness resulted in the amputation of a leg and he arranged to attend evening classes. His teacher told Peter there was nothing he could teach Peter that he did not already know, so Peter persisted on his own and before he moved to Devon in the 1970's, he was asked to run classes of his own.
As a Torquay based artist, Peter made coastal subjects very much his own speciality, so much so in the modern rush of life, his paintings represent escapism and relaxation and have an endured appeal to a maritime nation.
Peters success as a as a full time artist over the years stemmed from his fine brushwork and his observation of the sea behaved around the Devon Coastline. The scope of Peter Cossletts work also extended to Landscapes and Snow Scenes and prints of his work in the Devon Area.
Peter Cosslett was considered to be one of the finest contemporary painters specialising in seascapes and was a committed and meticulous artist who had a technical mastery and brushwork that is unsurpassed.
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Army National Guard units with campaign credit for the War of 1812
Twenty-four current units of the Army National Guard perpetuate the lineages of militia units mustered into federal service during the War of 1812. Militia units from nine states that were part of the Union by the end of the War of 1812 (Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Virginia), plus the District of Columbia, are the predecessors of eighteen units that currently exist in the Army National Guard. Two of the four units derived from Virginia militias are in the West Virginia National Guard; at the time of the War of 1812, West Virginia was still part of Virginia. Only two current units, the 155th Infantry, a component of the Mississippi National Guard derived from militia units organized in the Mississippi Territory and the 130th Infantry, a component of the Illinois National Guard derived from militia units formed in the Illinois Territory, are from states or territories west of the Appalachians. Unfortunately, no militia units from the states of Kentucky, Louisiana, Ohio or Tennessee, or from the Indiana, Michigan, Missouri or Louisiana Territories, where militia units played a major role in the fighting, have survived as units in the modern Army National Guard.
There are also twenty-three active Regular Army battalions with campaign credit for the War of 1812.
198th Signal Battalion (ARNG DE)
Campaigns: Delaware 1812, Delaware 1813, Delaware 1814
The 198th Signal Battalion is derived from the Delaware Regiment, constituted on December 9, 1775, and organized in early 1776 as Colonel John Haslet's Regiment. During the Revolutionary War, the regiment participated in fifteen campaigns.
Three units created from the Delaware Regiment during the last decade of the eighteenth century saw service during the War of 1812: Light Infantry, 1st Infantry, 1st Regiment, 1st Brigade (mustered into federal service May 23, 1813, and mustered out on July 31, 1813, and mustered in again on August 28, 1814, and out between January 3 and March 13, 1815); the Artillery Company, 2nd Brigade (served from May 23, 1814, to September 2, 1814); and the 1st Company, Light Infantry, 8th Regiment, 3rd Brigade (in federal service from March 2, 1813, to May 4, 1813, from May 6, 1813, to July 31, 1813, and from August 6, 1814, to January 11, 1815).
The primary activity of the Delaware militia during the War of 1812 was defending coastal communities from raids by British landing parties during the blockade of the Delaware Bay and Delaware River beginning in early March 1813 and continuing into 1814. The militia units were continually shifted from one location to another in response to movements of the British ships. On March 6, 1813, the town of Lewes was threatened with destruction by the commander of the British flotilla if it failed to provide the British with supplies. The town refused the demand and was subjected to a twenty-two-hour bombardment beginning on April 6. A landing party was repulsed on April 7. The 1st Company, 8th Regiment, 3rd Brigade was present in Lewes from March 19, 1813, through March 24 and from May 3 through May 11, 1813, but not at the time of the British bombardment.; the Artillery Company, 2nd Brigade was deployed to Lewes in early June.
HHD/372nd Military Police Battalion (ARNG DC)
Campaigns: Fort Washington 1813, Bladensburg
The HHD/372nd Military Police Battalion traces its formation to the First Legion, Columbian Brigade constituted in the District of Columbia on May 3, 1802, and organized during the summer of 1802 from existing volunteer militia companies north of the Potomac River.
The unit was expanded, reorganized and redesignated on April 17, 1813, as the 1st Brigade, Columbian Division, to comprise two regiments. It was mustered into federal service on July 15, 1813, and mustered out on July 31, 1813, then mustered in again on July 19, 1814, and out on October 8, 1814.
During the Battle of Bladensburg, which culminated on August 24, 1814, the Columbian Division occupied the left portion of the second line of defense against the attacking British. When the first line of defense, which had been badly positioned by its commander, Brigadier General Tobias Stansbury, crumbled, the position of the Columbian Division became vulnerable. The division was able to resist the British advance for a while, but was forced to withdraw when its left flank came under attack. In the absence of clear orders from the American commander of the Tenth Military District, Brigadier General William Winder, concerning what to do in the event that a retreat was necessary, the defenders fled the field.
118th Field Artillery (ARNG GA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 118th Field Artillery traces its lineage back to four independent volunteer companies, three of foot and one of horse, organized in the Georgia Militia in the District to Savannah on April 18, 1751. The Georgia militia units in Savannah and surrounding Chatham County were reorganized in 1782 as the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment, 1st Brigade, 1st Division.
The main role of the Savannah militia during the War of 1812 was as a local defense force that remained under local control. However, three companies from the 1st Battalion were mustered into federal service during the early stages of the war: the Savannah Volunteer Guards (organized in 1802) and the Republican Blues (organized in 1808), mustered into federal service in east Florida in June 1812 as elements of Colonel Daniel Newman's provisional battalion of Georgia Volunteers and mustered out in October 1812; and the Heavy Artillery Company (organized in 1812), mustered in on October 19, 1812, at Fort James Jackson, Georgia, a fort one mile from Savannah, and mustered out on November 23, 1812.
The City Battalion of Savannah was mustered into service on January 22, 1815, as the 1st Regiment, Georgia Volunteers, and mustered out on February 23, 1815. This service came after the signing on December 24, 1814, of the Treaty of Ghent, the peace treaty that ended the war. However, neither the Americans nor the commander of the British fleet operating off the Georgia coast were aware of this event, and so elements of the Georgia militia were federalized to counter the British Cumberland Island Campaign (January–March 1815), during which the British occupied Cumberland Island at the mouth of the St. Mary's River between Georgia and Florida.
130th Infantry (ARNG IL)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 130th Infantry traces its history back to March 1, 1809, when the Volunteer Militias of the Illinois Territory were constituted and organized as independent companies.
The companies destined to become the 130th Infantry were mustered into federal service on February 18, 1813, as the Regiment of Illinois Territory Militia, and mustered out on June 16, 1813, following which elements reverted to independent status in the Illinois Territory Militia.
The federalization of the Illinois Militia in early 1813 was a response to the massacre of two families on the Cache River near present-day Mound City by Creeks returning from the Battle of Frenchtown on the Raison River in Michigan. The primary function of the Illinois Militia during the War of 1812 was providing security for isolated settlements in areas of the territory inhabited by hostile Native tribes, especially the Potawatomi and the Kickapoo.
The Illinois Militia was also mustered into federal service in 1831 as Duncan's Brigade, which included the 1st and 2nd Regiments of Illinois Mounted Volunteers, Major Bailey's Odd Battalion and Major Buckmaster's Battalion of Spies, all from central and southern Illinois, and again in 1832 for service in the Black Hawk War.
After numerous reorganizations during the nineteenth century, these elements became the 4th Infantry Regiment in 1890, and subsequently the 130th Infantry in 1917.
The black hawk and two red arrows in the Distinctive Unit Insignia commemorate service in the Black Hawk War. The horizontal belt of red, white and green, the saltire from the Confederate flag and the fleur-de-lis represent service in the Mexican War, the Civil War and for service in France during World War I, respectively.
175th Infantry (ARNG MD)
Campaigns: Bladensburg, Maryland 1814
The 175th Infantry traces its lineage all the way back to the Baltimore Independent Cadets, a company of sixty "gentlemen of honour, family, and fortune" organized in 1774. In 1776 the Cadets were absorbed into William Smallwood's Maryland Battalion, which was later expanded and reorganized into the 1st through the 7th Maryland Regiments. These seven regiments earned credit for fourteen campaigns during the Revolutionary War. In 1794 the volunteer militia companies of Baltimore were reorganized as elements of the 5th Regiment of Militia.
The 5th Regiment was in federal service from August 19, 1814, through November 18, 1814. During the Battle of Bladensburg, which culminated on August 24, 1814, the "Dandy Fifth," along with other Maryland militia units, provided the first line of defense against the attacking British. As the British advanced, the 5th Maryland counterattacked, but when the 1st and 2nd Regiments on their left broke and fled, the 5th joined the rest of Maryland militia in a disorderly retreat from the field.
The 5th gave a much better account of itself on September 12, 1814, at the Battle of North Point, which was part of the Battle of Baltimore. The 5th Regiment held its position against the attacking British, and then conducted a successful fighting retreat that significantly slowed the British advance on Baltimore.
101st Engineer Battalion (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Massachusetts 1814
The 101st Engineer Battalion is one of the four oldest units in the U.S. Army, the other three being the 101st Field Artillery, the 181st Infantry and the 182nd Infantry, all from Massachusetts and all with credit for participation in the War of 1812 (see below). The 101st Engineer Battalion traces its origins to the East Regiment, organized in the Massachusetts Militia from existing train bands on December 13, 1636. The East Regiment became the Essex Regiment in 1643, and was then expanded in 1680 to form the 1st (South) and 2nd (North) Essex Regiment, and expanded again in 1689 to form the 1st (Lower), 2nd (Upper) and 3rd (Middle) Essex Regiments, and yet again in 1774 to form the 1st-6th Essex Regiments.
During the American Revolution the six Essex Regiments were organized as the Essex County Brigade, to consist of eight regiments. The Essex County Brigade remained in state service during the Revolutionary War, but in addition formed five regiments that served in the Continental Army.
In 1785 the Essex County Brigade was reorganized as the 2nd Division, consisting of the 1st and 2nd Brigades. During the War of 1812, flank companies of the 2nd Division were mustered into federal service as elements of the Elite Brigade during September–October, 1814. This was a time when the British navy was increasingly threatening coastal communities along the northern Atlantic seaboard. The Massachusetts 1814 campaign credit awarded to the 101st Engineer Battalion was earned when Essex County units thwarted British attempts to put forces ashore in Essex County.
The badge in the blue stripe of the Distinctive Unit Insignia was the insignia of the old Essex Brigade.
101st Field Artillery (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 101st Field Artillery traces its lineage back to the South Regiment, organized on December 13, 1636, from new and existing train bands in Boston, Dorchester, Roxbury, Weymouth and Hingham. It was redesignated as the Suffolk Regiment in 1643. The Suffolk Regiment was expanded in 1689 to form the Boston Regiment and the Suffolk Regiment. The 101st Field Artillery is derived from the Boston Regiment. While remaining in state service during the Revolutionary War, the Boston Regiment spawned Henry Jackson's Additional Continental Regiment, later designated as the 16th Massachusetts Regiment, which participated in five campaigns during the American Revolution.
By 1810 the Boston Regiment had become the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, consisting of the Battalion of Artillery (Volunteer Militia) and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Regiments (Standing Militia). The Flank (Volunteer Militia) Companies of the 3rd Brigade, 1st Division were mustered into federal service during September and October, 1814, as elements of the Elite Brigade.
The Massachusetts militia was one of the largest, best equipped and best trained of any of the state militias, but support for the war in New England was lukewarm at best. As a consequence, no Massachusetts units were federalized until 1814, although as state units they were active in guarding the state's coastline. Only after Great Britain burned Washington and generally increased its naval pressure on the East Coast did Massachusetts allow its militias to be mustered into federal service.
181st Infantry (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 181st and 182nd Infantry Regiments are two of the oldest units in the U.S. Army, both tracing their origins all the way back to the North Regiment, organized in 1636 from militia units at Cambridge, Charlestown, Watertown, Dedham and Concord, and redesignated as the Middlesex Regiment in 1643. In 1680 additional companies from other towns were added, and the Middlesex Regiment was split into the 2nd (Upper) Middlesex Regiment, which ultimately became the 181st Infantry, and the 1st (Lower) Middlesex Regiment, which ultimately became the 182nd Infantry.
By the time of the War of 1812, the 2nd Middlesex Regiment had become the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division in the Massachusetts militia. Flank companies of the 2nd Brigade, 3rd Division served as elements of the Elite Brigade, which was mustered into federal service during September and October, 1814, for service in Boston.
The 181st Infantry also perpetuates the lineage of the 104th Infantry, with which it was consolidated in 2006. The 104th Infantry traces its roots to the Hampshire Regiment, constituted in 1662, which later became the Hampshire and Berkshire County Brigades. By the time of the War of 1812 these two brigades had become the 4th and 9th Divisions, respectively. From these two divisions, five regiments were organized for federal service at Boston from September through November 1814.
182nd Infantry (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The Middlesex Regiment, the origin of which is described above in the section on the 181st Infantry, was split into the 1st (Lower) and 2nd (Upper) Middlesex Regiments in 1680. The 1st Middlesex Regiment ultimately became the 182nd Infantry, while the 2nd Middlesex Regiment became the 181st Infantry. By the time of the War of 1812, the 1st Middlesex Regiment had become the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division in the Massachusetts militia. Flank companies of the 1st Brigade, 3rd Division were mustered into federal service as elements of the Elite Brigade, which served at Boston during September and October 1814.
The 182nd Infantry also perpetuates the lineage of the 101st Infantry, with which it was consolidated in 1992. The 101st Infantry traces its roots to the Columbia Artillery in the Legionary Brigade of Boston, organized in 1798. This unit was also assigned to the Elite Brigade during September and October 1814.
The mobilization of militia units in Boston during the fall of 1814 was a response to increased activity of the British navy along the eastern seaboard beginning in the late summer. The British raid on Washington and the attack on Fort McHenry and the attempted occupation of Baltimore had sparked fears of attacks of other Atlantic ports. However, no attack materialized, and in October the British ended their campaign in the Chesapeake Bay.
772nd Military Police Company (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 772nd Military Police Company traces its origins to the Cohannet Train Band, Plymouth Colony Militia. Organized on March 3, 1638, and redesignated as the Taunton, Massachusetts Train Band in 1639, it is the oldest company-level unit in the United States Army. The unit's first major military action was during King Philip's War (1675–1676), a conflict between the colonists and a confederation of Indian tribes organized by a Wampanoag chief named Metacom, but referred to as King Philip by the colonists, to resist expansion of white settlements in southern New England. By 1703 the Taunton Train Band had assumed the honorific title "First Military Company," and in 1785 it became the 1st Foot Company, 3rd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 5th Division.
Under the command of Captain Joseph Reed, Jr., the 1st Company was mustered into service on September 6, 1814, at a time when an invasion by the British was feared, and served for thirty days. The company was deployed to New Bedford.
Since companies are not issued Distinctive Unit Insignia, the 772nd Military Police Company wears the Distinctive Unit Insignia of the 211th Military Police Battalion, in which it serves.
972nd Military Police Company (ARNG MA)
Campaigns: Massachusetts 1814
The 972nd Military Police Company traces its history back to the Gloucester Artillery Battery, Battalion of Artillery, 1st Brigade, 2nd Division organized in 1787 in the Massachusetts Militia at Gloucester.
Under the command of Captain James S. Sayward, the Gloucester Artillery Battery was mustered into federal service on September 9, 1814, for service at Gloucester, and was mustered out on October 29, 1814.
During the late summer and autumn of 1814, following the British attacks on Washington and Baltimore, the British fleet off the east coast of the United States became much more active and were regularly threatening coastal communities with bombardment and invasion. The Gloucester Artillery was awarded credit for the Massachusetts 1814 Campaign for action against British Marines from HMS Leander attempting to land near Gloucester.
As in the case of the 772nd Military Police Company (see above), personnel from the 972nd Military Police Company wear the Distinctive Unit insignia of the 211th Military Police Battalion, the battalion in which it serves.
133rd Engineer Battalion (ARNG ME)
Campaigns: Massachusetts 1812, 1813, 1814
Although the 133rd Engineer Battalion has a lineage that goes back only to 1854, the Headquarters Company traces its history to the formation of the Portland Light Infantry in 1803. By the War of 1812 the Portland Light Infantry had become Captain Nathaniel Shaw's Company, 3rd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, 12th Division in the Massachusetts Militia. The 3rd Regiment was mustered into federal service from September 7, 1814, through October 3, 1814, at Portland.
The population of the District of Maine, still a part of Massachusetts in 1812, was not enthusiastic about the War of 1812, and the lower part of the state, which shared the Mainers lack of enthusiasm for the war, was not in a good position to defend Maine against a serious campaign by the British or even to supply its militia. Indeed, much of the Maine coast down to Eastport was occupied by the British. As a consequence the defense of Maine fell to a small, poorly equipped militia.
Nonetheless, during the early autumn of 1814 when the British navy aggressively threatened coastal communities along the entire northeastern seaboard, the District of Maine Militia successfully defended Portland against a British invasion. The three campaign credits for the Headquarters Company/133rd Engineer Battalion were awarded to Captain Shaw's Company for its participation in the defense of Portland, while in both federal and state service, during the years 1812,1813 and 1814.
155th Infantry (ARNG MS)
Campaigns: Florida 1814, New Orleans
The 155th Infantry traces its lineage back to the Legions of Militia, Upper and Lower Districts, Mississippi Territory, constituted on September 8, 1798. On October 25, 1798, the Legion of Militia of the Lower (or Southern) District was organized as the Militia of Adams County, which was reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Regiment, Mississippi Territorial Militia in 1802.
By the late summer of 1812, the 1st Regiment, Mississippi Territorial Militia had become the 1st Regiment, Mississippi Territorial Volunteers. Between early 1813 and mid–1814 the 1st Regiment underwent a number of reorganizations and redesignations, and spent a period of time in federal service between September 1812 and April 1814. But this service did not result in the award of any campaign credits for the War of 1812. The War of 1812 campaign credits awarded to the 155th Infantry were earned by six Mississippi militia units mustered into federal service from September 1814 through January 1815 for service in Major General Andrew Jackson's Coast Campaign: Lieutenant Colonel J. Carson's Regiment of Volunteer Mounted Gunmen, Lieutenant Colonel D. Neilson's Infantry Detachment, Lieutenant Colonel T. Hinds' Squadron of Light Dragoons, Captain J. C. Wilkins' Natchez Volunteer Rifle Corps, Captain Boyle's Company of Volunteer Mounted Spies, and Major J. P. Kennedy's Company of Choctaw Indians.
Of the six Mississippi militia units in the lineage of the 155th Infantry, Hinds' Dragoons was the one most involved in the Battle of New Orleans. During the night attack on December 23 the Dragoons provided valuable reconnaissance that located the British encampment on LaCoste's Plantation, and during the major battle on January 8 they were in reserve just one mile behind the breastworks that comprised Jackson's front line. The Dragoons also participated in the last land fighting of the battle during a skirmish with the British rear guard near the mouth of Bayou Bienvenue on January 25.
The cross in the chief (the upper third) of Distinctive Unit Insignia symbolizes service in the War of 1812.
113th Infantry (ARNG NJ)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 113th Infantry traces its history back to the 1st New Jersey Regiment, which was organized in the Continental Army in part from existing militia companies from Essex County between October 26 and December 15, 1775. The regiment was assigned to the New Jersey Brigade for service in the American Revolution, during which it participated in ten campaigns. The regiment was reorganized and redesignated as the New Jersey Regiment on March 1, 1783, furloughed on June 6, 1783, and disbanded on November 15, 1783. In 1793 it was reorganized again in the New Jersey militia and expanded to form the Essex Brigade. Elements of the Essex Brigade were mustered into federal service during 1814.
Essex County is in northeastern New Jersey. Because of the proximity of this part of New Jersey to New York City, the New Jersey militia was an integral part of the force that defended New York Harbor against invasion by British warships. In addition to serving at strategically located fortifications along the New Jersey shore, such as Sandy Hook, Paulus Hook and the Highlands of Navesink, some New Jersey militia units were also posted to forts in New York, and a few were deployed on Delaware Bay. When not mustered into United States service, elements of the New Jersey militia were often deployed as independent militia by the governor to locations on the New Jersey coast.
53rd Army Digital Liaison Team (ARNG NY)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 53rd Army Digital Liaison Team traces its origin to four companies of artillery, commanded by Captains Henry Morgan, James Hewitt, John Fleming and John Forbes, organized during May and June 1806 in New York City. The formation of these four companies was an impassioned reaction by the residents of New York City to the arrival in April off Sandy Hook of three British warships, which proceeded to board and search all American vessels entering New York Harbor. On April 25 over twenty American vessels entered the Harbor, whereupon the British fired over a hundred shots at the Americans before boarding and searching as many as they could. The shelling caused the death of one sailor.
On July 26, 1806, these four artillery companies were assigned to the Battalion of Artillery, 1st Artillery Brigade, which was expanded and redesignated on April 5, 1807, as the 3rd Regiment of Artillery. The four aforementioned companies were reorganized and redesignated on August 25, 1808, as the 2nd Battalion, 3rd Regiment of Artillery, which was reorganized and redesignated as the 2nd Battalion, 11th Regiment of Artillery on June 13, 1812. This regiment was mustered into federal service twice during the War of 1812: September 15, 1812, through December 15, 1812, and September 2, 1814, through December 2, 1814.
During its first period of federal service, the 2nd Battalion, 11th Regiment was stationed on Ellis Island and Bedloe Island (later renamed Liberty Island); during its second stint, at the North Battery, a fort in New York City. The mobilization during the fall of 1814 was a response to increased activity of the British fleet along the eastern seaboard during the summer, followed by the raid on Washington and the attacks on Fort McHenry and Baltimore. These actions by the British stoked fears of attacks or invasions at other important ports on the East Coast. Following their decisive defeat at Baltimore, however, the British cut back on their activities in the Chesapeake Bay, with much of the fleet withdrawing to Jamaica and refitting for action along the Gulf Coast.
The 7th Regiment was the designation of the 53rd Army Digital Liaison Team from 1847 through 1917, at which time it was redesignated as the 107th Infantry. The 7th Regiment is one of the National Guard's most storied regiments. Indeed, it was the first militia unit to refer to itself as the "National Guard." This occurred in August 1825 when the 2nd Battalion, 2nd Regiment of Artillery, to honor the Marquis de Lafayette on the day of his departure from New York, adopted the name "National Guards" in honor of the Garde Nationale de Paris, which was at one time commanded by Lafayette. The "s" was soon dropped. In 1847 the unit was redesignated the 7th Regiment, and in 1862 the term "National Guard" was appropriated by the state for the uniformed militia.
Personnel of the 53rd Army Digital Liaison Team wear the Distinctive Unit Insignia of the New York Army National Guard Headquarters.
258th Field Artillery, (ARNG NY)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 258th Field Artillery traces its lineage back to the 4th Regiment of Artillery, which was organized in the New York militia from existing units in New York City on October 9, 1809. On June 13, 1812, the 4th Regiment of Artillery was redesignated as the 3rd Regiment of Artillery. The 3rd Regiment of Artillery was mustered into federal service between September 15, 1812, and December 15, 1812, and again between September 2, 1814, and December 3, 1814.
The primary mission of the New York City militia units was to prevent the British from entering New York Harbor and possibly occupying the city. The defense of New York Harbor was organized around a series of forts constructed on islands in the harbor, including Bedloe Island and Governors Island, and a number of forts in the city. In addition, the defense of New York Harbor was augmented by several fortification constructed at strategic locations on the New Jersey shore. The batteries of the 3rd Regiment of Artillery were assigned to several of the New York forts during the course of the war.
103rd Engineer Battalion (ARNG PA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 103rd Engineer Battalion traces its origins to December 7, 1747, when the Military Association of the City of Philadelphia, founded on November 21, 1747, by Benjamin Franklin, was officially recognized. The artillery companies of the Associators were combined to form the Train of Artillery of Philadelphia on December 29, 1747. The Train of Artillery of Philadelphia was reorganized as the Philadelphia Artillery Battalion in 1775, units of which earned credit for participation in thirteen campaigns during the Revolutionary War.
In 1794 the Philadelphia Artillery Battalion was expanded as the Regiment of Artillery of the City of Philadelphia, which was mustered into federal service from August 1814 through January 1815 as the Regiment of Artillery, consisting of six companies: the Junior Artillerists, the Company of Independent Artillerists, the 2nd Company of Independent Artillerists, the Northern Liberty Artillerists, the Frankford Volunteer Artillerists and Capt. Landis's Company of Volunteer Artillerists. The last four months of 1814 was a period of increased activity of the British naval forces on the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays, prompting the mobilization of a number of militia units from the Philadelphia area.
The red lion in the Distinctive Unit Insignia denotes service in the War of 1812.
HHT/2-104th Cavalry (ARNG PA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 104th Cavalry traces its beginnings to June 30, 1874, when it was constituted as the 8th Infantry Regiment, and organized in August of that same year in south-central Pennsylvania. However, the Headquarters and Headquarters Troop of the 2nd Squadron has a much earlier origin. The HHT/2-104th Cavalry traces its lineage back to the Reading Union Volunteers, organized on March 23, 1794. The Reading Union Volunteer served in the Whiskey Rebellion. During the War of 1812 the Reading Union Volunteers were mustered into federal service on September 12, 1814, as the Reading Washington (Guards) Blues, in response to the British attack on Fort McHenry and Baltimore, and mustered out on February 8, 1815.
The last four months of 1814 was a period of time when the British navy was very active all along the Atlantic coast, especially in the Chesapeake Bay, and the Americans feared attacks on its coastal cities. The Guards were initially ordered to Philadelphia to defend the city against a possible attack by the British that never materialized, after which they were attached to the Advance Light Brigade, 1st Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry and deployed along the Delaware River.
111th Infantry (ARNG PA)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 111th Infantry traces its origins to the Associators, founded in 1747 in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin. The Associators were created as a volunteer militia unit to defend Philadelphia against French privateers operating on the Delaware River. In 1747 the Associators were reorganized, minus the artillery companies (which became the Train of Artillery of Philadelphia and ultimately the 103rd Engineer Battalion - see above), as the Associated Regiment of Foot of Philadelphia. In 1775 the Associated Regiment of Foot became the Associators of the City and Liberties of Philadelphia; and in 1777, the Philadelphia Brigade of Militia, which participated in four campaigns during the American Revolution. On April 11, 1793, the Philadelphia Brigade was reorganized as the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, which was mustered into federal service as the 1st Regiment on August 24, 1814, at Philadelphia and mustered out on January 4, 1815.
The period from mid-August 1814 until the end of the war was a time when the British naval forces on the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay were very active, conducting the successful raid on Washington and the unsuccessful attack on Baltimore. The Pennsylvania militia units from the Philadelphia area that were federalized at this time were used to augment the defense of Baltimore and the Delaware River, but did not see action.
263rd Army Air and Missile Defense Command (ARNG SC)
Campaigns: Streamer without inscription
The 263rd Army Air and Missile Defense Command traces its roots to the Artillery Company of Charles Town, organized in 1756 and chartered by the colony of South Carolina on July 31, 1760. In 1775 the Artillery Company was expanded, reorganized and redesignated as the Charles Town Battalion of Artillery, which served in the American Revolution until Charleston was surrendered to British forces on May 12, 1780. It was reconstituted in 1783 as the Charleston Battalion of Artillery. In 1794 the Charleston Battalion of Artillery became the 1st Regiment of Artillery. During the War of 1812 the Provisional Battalion, 1st Regiment of Artillery was mustered into federal service at Charleston on November 6, 1814, and mustered out on March 3, 1815, by which time the war had ended.
The mission of the Charleston militia was to defend the important port of Charleston from attack by British ships. At the time when the Provisional Battalion, 1st Regiment of Artillery was mustered into federal service late in 1814, there had been an increase in activity of the British fleet along the eastern seaboard, and a possible invasion was feared. However, Charleston was not attacked, and the Provisional Battery did not participate in any combat.
HHT/2-183rd Cavalry (ARNG VA)
Campaigns: Virginia 1813
The 183rd Cavalry dates back only to 2005, when it was organized from former elements of the 111th Air Defense Artillery. However, the Headquarters and Headquarters Troop/2-183rd Cavalry is much older, having been derived from the Headquarters and Headquarters Battery/3-111th Air Defense Artillery, which has a lineage that goes back to 1792, when the Portsmouth Rifles was organized in Norfolk County as a company in the 7th Regiment, Virginia Militia.
Militia companies in the Norfolk area, including companies from the 7th Regiment, were mobilized in February and June 1813 for local defense, and again between August 1814 and February 1815 in anticipation of a British attempt to occupy Norfolk. In an action preliminary to the invasion of Norfolk, the British attempted a landing on Craney Island, a low-lying point of land near the mouth of the Elizabeth River, on June 22, 1813, where they were soundly defeated. Following their repulse at Craney Island, the British abandoned their plans to attack Norfolk and turned their attention to Portsmouth instead. When not mobilized, the Norfolk County units continued to serve as local defense units under county regimental authority.
276th Engineer Battalion (ARNG VA)
Campaigns: Virginia 1813
The 276th Engineers trace their origin to the Richmond City Regiment organized in May 1791 from existing elements of the Virginia Militia. The Richmond City Regiment was reorganized and redesignated as the 19th Regiment on December 31, 1791. While remaining in state service, the 19th Regiment formed the First Corps d'Elite Brigade of Virginia Militia (Colonel Thomas Mann Randolph commanding), which was mustered into federal service in 1813 and mustered out in 1814. The First Corps d'Elite Brigade consisted of the Richmond Volunteers, the Flying Artillery (Captain William Wirt commanding), the Rifle Company (Captain William H. Richardson commanding) and the Richmond Light Infantry Blues.
The First Corps d'Elite Brigade, along with other Virginia militia units from Chesterfield and Henrico Counties, was federalized in March and June 1813, at a time when the British seemed to be preparing an invasion of Virginia along the James River and possibly even attacking Richmond. The invasion along the James never materialized, but the British did threaten Norfolk and Portsmouth. The threat to Norfolk ended when the British attempt to occupy Craney Island in June was soundly defeated (see HHT/2-183 Cavalry above). Some elements of the Richmond militia were mobilized again during the summer of 1814 and sent to Richmond and Norfolk, at a time when increased activity of the British fleet along the eastern seaboard had stoked invasion fears in coastal cities.
150th Cavalry (ARNG WV)
Campaigns: Indiana Territory 1812-1813
The 150th Cavalry traces its formation back to the Militia of Greenbrier County, Virginia, constituted in 1778 from Minutemen companies organized for frontier defense in 1777. Drafts from these companies provided Virginia regiments for the Continental Line during the period 1777 through 1782. In 1792 Greenbrier and Kanawha County militia units were reorganized as volunteer companies in the 13th Brigade, Virginia Militia.
In September 1812 five companies from the 13th Brigade from the part of Virginia that would later become Cabell, Greenbrier, Kanawha and Mason Counties in present-day southern West Virginia were consolidated with seven companies from the area that is currently northern West Virginia to form the 2nd Regiment, Virginia Volunteer Militia. These companies were separated again in 1863 when the new state of West Virginia reorganized its forces, and units from the southern counties (Cabell, Greenbrier, Kanawha and Mason Counties) became part of the 2nd Division (150th Cavalry lineage), while those from the northern part of the state (Hampshire, Harrison, Monongalia and Randolph Counties) were assigned to the 1st Division (201st Field Artillery lineage - see below).
During the War of 1812, companies from the 2nd Regiment served at Richmond and Norfolk and in Ohio and the Indiana Territory with the Army of the Northwest. Virginia companies aided in the construction of Fort Meigs near the Maumee Rapids, but were not present when the fort was attacked by Indians and the British in the spring of 1813. War of 1812 campaign credit for the 150th Cavalry was awarded for service in the Indiana Territory.
One of the five stars in the Distinctive Unit Insignia commemorates service during the War of 1812.
201st Field Artillery (ARNG WV)
Campaigns: Indiana Territory 1812-1813
The 201st Field Artillery traces its origin to militia companies formed in the northern and western part of the Virginia Colony, the earliest of which was Captain Morgan Morgan's Company of Volunteer Militia of Orange Country, Virginia, organized on February 17, 1735. During the Revolutionary War several militia companies from this part of Virginia were organized for frontier defense and for service in Virginia regiments of the Continental Line. One such company, Capt. Hugh Stephenson's Company of Virginia Riflemen, which was organized in 1775, became a part of the 1st Virginia Regiment, American Continental Troops and earned credit for participation in the Boston and New York (1776) campaigns. In 1792 the militia companies from this part of Virginia were reorganized as companies in the 1oth and 16th Brigades, Virginia Militia, which served in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794.
In September 1812 seven companies from the 10th and 16th Brigades, from counties in northern Virginia that would later become Hampshire, Harrison, Monongalia and Randolph Counties in West Virginia, were combined with five from what is now southern West Virginia (see 150th Armor above) to form the 2nd Regiment, Virginia Volunteer Militia, thereby combining the lineages of the 150th Cavalry and 201st Field Artillery. The lineages of the 150th Cavalry and 201st Field Artillery were separated again in 1863 when companies from the northern part of the new state of West Virginia were reorganized as companies in the 1st Division, West Virginia Militia (201st Field Artillery lineage), while those from the southern part of the state were assigned to the 2nd Division (150th Cavalry lineage).
During the War of 1812 most of the troops from companies in the lineages of the 201st Field Artillery served in the Army of the Northwest in 1812 and 1813, but some also served at Richmond and Norfolk.
The two lions in the Distinctive Unit Insignia represent service in the American Revolution and the War of 1812.
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WIKI
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Impeachment of Trump support grows. Nancy Pelosi can't ignore
Washington (CNN)Democrats reached an undeniably important milestone on their path toward impeaching President Donald Trump. It's also -- in its own way -- largely meaningless. The milestone is that 118 House Democrats -- half their caucus there -- have called for the start of an official impeachment inquiry into Trump, a significant number of legislators, who include the far left of the party but also some members who flipped GOP districts last fall and even a few allies of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. Related: CNN's list of Democrats who have called for an impeachment inquiry. It's clear that the momentum of the party is toward impeachment even if party leaders like Pelosi, who recalls firsthand backlash to the impeachment of President Bill Clinton and insists on a methodical step-by-step process focused on obstruction of justice. But even at more than 50% of the Democratic caucus, that's still less than a third of the full House, not to mention Democrats control only half the Legislative Branch. That math is not lost on Pelosi, who once told David Axelrod's "The Axe Files" podcast that among the chief political lessons she learned from her father -- Baltimore mayor and Democratic ward leader Thomas D'Alesandro -- was "I learned how to count." This growing public support of Democratic lawmakers demonstrates how far they've come since last year, when it was just a few actively pursuing it in part because Democrats were waiting to see what was in special counsel Robert Mueller's report on Russian election interference. While Mueller did not overtly call for impeachment or recommend charges against Trump or his aides, many Democrats increasingly argue that the 10 instances for which Mueller presented evidence of obstruction of justice by Trump are enough to pursue impeaching him -- though it's not clear when or if the rest of the party will ever agree. Pressure on Pelosi One of the reasons the number behind the impeachment inquiry movement is significant is in part the fact how Democratic leaders -- including Pelosi -- have cited the size of bloc as a reason not to proceed. Back on June 11, CNN's Manu Raju asked Pelosi how she'd react if a majority of the caucus supported an impeachment inquiry. "It's not even close in our caucus," she told him back then. "But eventually?" he followed up. "Nothing is as divisive in our country, in my view, than impeachment," she ultimately said, after pointing out that Democrats were pursuing testimony from Trump officials by attempting to pursue enforcement of their subpoenas in court. On Friday, Pelosi repeated her previous comments focusing on her party's investigations of the Trump administration and saying "Democrats in the Congress continue to legislate, investigate and litigate." "In America, no one is above the law," Pelosi said in a statement that outlined Democrats' efforts. "The President will be held accountable." Reaching this half-margin threshold will certainly amplify pressure on Pelosi to bless the effort and put her political weight behind it. She has claimed to not be opposed to impeachment, but she certainly hasn't been helping it along. And she's pointed out the political risk in impeaching Trump when there is essentially zero chance a Republican-controlled Senate would vote to remove him from office. From that perspective, impeachment would be a political exercise. That doesn't matter to a lot of Democrats, particularly younger progressives, who say that pursuing impeachment and calling out Trump for alleged wrongdoing is a moral obligation. What's also not clear is if Trump administration officials who have refused to take part in congressional oversight will participate in hearings specifically geared toward impeaching their boss. (Spoiler alert: they probably won't). A milestone that's also meaningless For all the importance of 118 Democrats supporting impeachment, it is also meaningless. For starters, 118 is a lot fewer than 218, which is the number of votes needed to actually impeach the President if Democrats do go forward with an impeachment inquiry and do find evidence he committed the "high crimes and misdemeanors" the Constitution requires for impeachment. And support for an impeachment inquiry does not equal support for articles of impeachment. Rep. Al Green of Texas has routinely tried to get the House to vote on actual articles of impeachment. The House soundly rejected his attempt to impeach Trump for bigotry and racism rather than obstruction of justice in July, and 95 Democrats supported the proposal. If Democrats do pursue impeachment, they will be flying somewhat in the face of public opinion if they move toward impeaching Trump. A majority of Americans -- 54% -- opposed impeachment when CNN and SSRS asked the question in a June poll. But a strong majority of Democrats -- 76% -- supported it. An inquiry that's already happening Another complicating factor: Starting an impeachment inquiry actually doesn't require any specific number of Democrats or lawmakers. Rep. Ted Deutch of Florida, who sits on the House Judiciary Committee, is one of the latest Democrats to publicly call for an impeachment inquiry -- number 116 by CNN's count -- but he also said that Democrats' many investigations of Trump essentially add up to the fact that an inquiry is already occurring. In a piece for the Sun-Sentinel, Deutch noted that Trump claimed victory after Mueller's testimony before Congress, which Deutch admitted was not a "summer blockbuster," but which he said confirmed conclusions of Mueller's report, including evidence of obstruction of justice by the President. "Sorry, Mr. President, the question is no longer whether the House should vote to proceed with a formal impeachment inquiry. The inquiry has already begun," he wrote, noting the committee can refer articles of impeachment to the full House at any time. "No additional step is required," Deutch later added. "No magic words need to be uttered on the House floor. No vote to authorize an impeachment inquiry is necessary." But Elie Honig, a former federal prosecutor and CNN legal analyst, said that courts might look differently at compelling administration officials to testify or turn over documents if House Democrats are officially pursuing impeachment. "But the House is also undercutting itself by a failure to commit to what it's doing," Honig said, adding "The more formal and concrete the House's inquiry is, the better argument they have in court." Impeachment and the 2020 election And the impeachment conversation is not just happening on Capitol Hill. For Democrats running for President, the subject rarely comes up on the campaign trail from voters, as New York Times reporter Jonathan Martin recently wrote. But those 2020 hopefuls expressed both sides of the impeachment question during CNN's Democratic presidential debate in Detroit. Sen. Michael Bennet of Colorado said impeachment would ultimately be fruitless if the Senate acquitted Trump and he would be able to argue vindication. "President Trump would be running saying that he had been acquitted by the United States Congress," Bennett cautioned. Former HUD Secretary Julián Castro shot back that the opposite would be true. "The Mueller report clearly details that he deserves it," Castro said, noting the 10 examples of possible obstruction of justice examined by the report. "And what's going to happen in the fall of next year, of 2020, if they don't impeach him, is he's going to say, 'You see. You see. The Democrats didn't go after me on impeachment. And you know why? Because I didn't do anything wrong." This story has been updated with additional developments Friday.
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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-- Australia LNG Boom Threatened by U.S. Shale Exporters
Australian liquefied-natural gas
projects planned by companies from Royal Dutch Shell Plc (RDSA) to
Woodside Petroleum Ltd. (WPL) and valued at about $100 billion are at
risk from rising costs and cheaper U.S. exports. Natural gas trading at a 10-year low in the U.S. and
discoveries in Africa also threaten to slow the development of
Australian LNG ventures following the approval of eight projects
to meet surging demand from China , Japan and South Korea . Shell’s Arrow Energy Ltd. venture with PetroChina Co. (857) may
need to join with a competitor in the northeastern state of
Queensland rather than develop its own LNG production plant,
said David Heard, a Bank of America Merrill Lynch analyst in
Sydney. Perth-based Woodside and its partners in the Browse LNG
project may ultimately choose to feed their gas to an existing
venture in Western Australia , Macquarie Group Ltd. said. “You’ve got potential for LNG exports in all sorts of
places, but the elephant in the room is North American exports
because they’re very likely to be cheaper,” Noelle Leonard, a
FACTS Global Energy consultant, said in a telephone interview
from Perth. “We’ve probably come to the end of greenfield
projects in Australia,” a reference to new plants on
undeveloped land. Along with Shell and Woodside, ConocoPhillips (COP) and Santos
Ltd. (STO) are among energy producers planning as many as 10 more LNG
ventures or expansions in Australia to meet Asian demand. Delay Browse Arrow and Woodside said they’re sticking with their plans
for new plants, although Woodside is seeking to delay Browse.
The Arrow project would cost more than $20 billion, while Browse
may cost as much as $46 billion, Deutsche Bank AG estimates. Australia, taking advantage of its proximity to Asia , is
home to more than 70 percent of LNG projects under construction
worldwide, putting it on course to surpass Qatar as the largest
exporter of the fuel by the end of the decade, Sanford C.
Bernstein & Co. said in February. Australia and Qatar sell the commodity to Asia at prices
linked to oil. Buying gas from the U.S. will allow Asian
consumers to pay prices tied to Henry Hub futures, which tumbled
32 percent last year amid record output driven by extraction
from shale. Cheniere Energy Partners LP (CQP) estimates the cost to deliver
gas from its proposed Sabine Pass terminal in Louisiana to Asia
at about $9.90 per million British thermal units, based on Henry
Hub prices at $4, plus capacity fees, shipping costs and fuel. Record Price Japan, the world’s biggest buyer of LNG, paid a record
average price of $16.96 per million British thermal units in
November. The cost of the cargoes delivered to Japan in February
was 65,552 yen a ton ($799), up 27 percent from a year earlier,
according to the finance ministry . That’s equivalent to about
$15.36 per million Btu. Woodside, Australia’s second-biggest oil producer, is
seeking government approval to delay Browse until 2013. The
company must decide whether to go ahead with the LNG development
by mid-2012 under the government’s “use-it-or-lose-it” policy
for oil and gas resources. An alternative to building the Browse plant at the James
Price Point site in Australia’s Kimberley region is to send gas
to the Woodside-led North West Shelf LNG development, said
Adrian Wood , a Sydney-based analyst at Macquarie Group. “It would be a positive for Woodside’s investment case if
management said James Price Point is frankly too much risk for
too modest a return,” Wood said by phone. Share Slump Woodside’s shares have slumped 26 percent in the 12 months
through April 3, more than the 11 percent drop in the Bloomberg
World Oil & Gas Index. (BWOILP) The Australian energy company fell 0.2
percent to A$35.28 in Sydney, compared with the benchmark
S&P/ASX 200 Index’s 0.2 percent gain. Woodside hasn’t changed the plan to build the processing
facilities at the proposed site near James Price Point, the
company said in a March 26 e-mail response to questions. The eight projects under development in Australia have a
planned production capacity of almost 70 million tons a year. The nation has further plants or expansions with annual
capacity of about 60 million tons that are possible or
speculative, Bernstein said. That’s almost a quarter of the
potential additional supply globally, according to the report. Australia, facing the prospect of increasing supply from
places including the U.S., Canada , Mozambique and Russia , also
must contend with rising labor and material costs. Woodside last
year increased the estimated cost of its Pluto venture for a
third time in 19 months to A$14.9 billion ($15.5 billion). ‘Commercial Compromise’ The threats of increasing supply competition and rising
construction costs in Australia will probably lead developers to
consider sharing infrastructure and processing facilities or
supplying gas to existing projects, Heard of Merrill Lynch said.
Arrow may seek to acquire a stake in an expansion unit with a
rival such as Santos Ltd. or sell its gas to one of the ventures
already advancing on Curtis Island , he said. “We’ll see commercial compromise,” Heard said in a phone
interview. Brisbane-based Arrow plans to decide in late 2013 whether
to develop an LNG export project in Queensland, the company
reiterated in an e-mailed response to questions. Arrow, the
coal-seam gas producer acquired by Shell and PetroChina in 2010,
bought Bow Energy Ltd. last year for A$535 million, gaining more
resources to support the planned development. Arrow’s venture does have an advantage over other proposed
projects in Australia. Parent companies Shell and PetroChina
have agreed to acquire 100 percent of the LNG from the proposed
development, Arrow said in the March 30 e-mail. To be sure, suppliers such as Origin Energy Ltd. (ORG) ,
ConocoPhillips’s partner in the Australia Pacific LNG project
approved last year, have said they expect Asian demand will be
strong enough to support future Australian and U.S. ventures. ‘Very Confident’ “The real question is, ‘What’s the risk?’” Grant King,
managing director of Origin, said in a Feb. 23 interview in
Sydney. “You’d need to be very confident that U.S. prices will
remain below $6 long term, and that would be a big call to make.
We will see some exports from the U.S., but we don’t think the
volume would overwhelm demand for LNG.” Among other potential LNG ventures in Australia are
Woodside’s Sunrise development and Santos’s Bonaparte project.
Sunrise may cost about $13 billion, Deutsche Bank said in a
March 23 note. The report didn’t give a Bonaparte estimate. Gas
resources held by Conoco and Karoon Gas Australia Ltd. (KAR) may
support a A$20 billion LNG project, according to Deutsche Bank. “Arrow, Browse, Bonaparte LNG have all been identified as
projects the proponents would like us to seriously consider,”
Heard said. “All of those might struggle at least until there
is softening in cost inflation and bottlenecks.” Woodside plans to expand Pluto, while Chevron (CVX) wants to
increase capacity at its A$43 billion Gorgon venture off
northwest Australia. BG, Santos and Origin also may expand their
projects on Queensland’s Curtis Island. To contact the reporter on this story:
James Paton in Sydney at
jpaton4@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Amit Prakash at
aprakash1@bloomberg.net
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NEWS-MULTISOURCE
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Julie A. BUSSING, Plaintiff, v. COR CLEARING, LLC, et al., Defendants.
No. 8:12-CV-238.
United States District Court, D. Nebraska.
Signed May 21, 2014.
David M. Gaba, Compass Law Group, Seattle, WA, John L. Spray, Mattson, Ricketts Law Firm, Lincoln, NE, for Plaintiff.
Gillian G. O’Hara, Kasey M. Cappellano, Marcia A. Washkuhn, Kutak, Rock Law Firm, Omaha, NE, for Defendants.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
JOHN M. GERRARD, District Judge.
This matter is before the Court on the parties’ objections (filings 74 and 76) to the Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendation (filing 70), recommending that the Court grant in- part and deny in part the defendants’ motion to dismiss (filing 26), and recommending that the Court deny the plaintiffs motion to file her proposed third amended complaint (filing 63), but with leave to submit a new third amended complaint reasserting her state law claims in a manner consistent with the Findings and Recommendation. For the reasons discussed below, the Court will accept in part, and reject in part, the Magistrate Judge’s recommendations. The specific implications of this decision for the parties’ underlying motions (filings 26 and 63) will be discussed in greater detail below.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Julie A. Bussing has worked in the securities industry since 1989. She is licensed as a Certified Public Accountant, holds a Masters of Business Administration, and she has been qualified to hold several Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) licenses. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 12-13. Bussing alleges that from her long career in the area, she has obtained a comprehensive familiarity with trading, clearing operations, finance, accounting, and compliance with the rules and regulation of FINRA and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Filing 63-1 at ¶ 14.
In September 2011, Bussing began working as an independent contractor for defendant COR Securities Holdings, Inc. (“COR”), a private investment management company. During this period, Buss-ing was retained by and reported to defendant Steven Sugarman, who was a director of COR as well as its CEO. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 5, 15. Part of her duties involved assisting with the due diligence for COR’s acquisition of Legent Clearing, LLC (“Le-gent”). Legent, which was headquartered in Omaha, provides clearing services to brokerage clients, and is now COR’s wholly owned subsidiary. Filing 63 — 1 at ¶¶ 2, 4.
Before its acquisition by COR, Legent had been involved in several regulatory investigations and examinations. From 2009 to 2011, FINRA investigated and sanctioned Legent for various violations of FINRA rules and federal securities laws, including anti-money laundering provisions and the Bank Secrecy Act of 1970, 31 U.S.C. § 5311 et seq. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 18-19. Bussing learned of these issues through her investigation for COR. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 25.
As part of her duties related to COR’s acquisition of Legent, Bussing also worked to develop a “Change of Control Plan.” Filing 63-1 at ¶ 15. The plan was designed to ameliorate Legent’s “ ‘troubling’ regulatory history” and was approved by COR for implementation immediately after it completed its acquisition of Legent, during the first half of 2012. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 16-17.
Beginning in November 2011, Sugarman recruited Bussing to work for and lead Legent as its Executive Vice President. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 24. Bussing initially declined to work for Legent based on the results of her investigation. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 25. She alleges that “Sugarman, Legent, and COR (and their respective officers and directors) made certain assurances to ... induce her to accept employment with Le-gent.” Filing 63-1 at ¶ 26. Bussing claims she was assured she would be authorized to implement the Change of Control Plan and that Legent would enter into a long-term employment agreement with her. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 26.
Bussing and Legent entered into an oral employment agreement, which provided for, among other things, a 3-year term of employment, and allowed Bussing to report directly to Sugarman and the COR Board of Directors instead of defendant Christopher Frankel, Legent’s CEO. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 7, 27. On January 1, 2012, Bussing began working for Legent as its executive vice president. Filing 63-1 at ¶28. Bussing and Legent later entered into a written employment agreement, which was backdated to January 1, 2012. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 44.
» Bussing began implementing the Change of Control Plan in January 2012. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 30. Around that same time, FINRA began another investigation of Legent, for the same types of violations that had been found in previous years. Filing 63-1 at ¶20. From January to April, FINRA sent several large document and information requests, and conducted onsite examinations of Legent, all of which resulted in “significant pressure” on Le-gent’s compliance efforts and disrupted Legent’s ongoing business operations. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 36-41.
On April 23, 2012, FINRA instituted formal proceedings against Legent, alleging that from 2009 and 2010, Legent had failed to comply with the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act, as well as anti-money laundering and financial reporting responsibilities imposed by various FIN-RA and SEC rules. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 21-22. On April 25, Bussing received a request from FINRA, pursuant to FINRA Rule 8210, to provide “extensive” documents and information, which were to be compiled and made available to FINRA staff when they arrived at Le-gent’s office on April 30. Filing 63-1 at ¶48. Bussing alleges that in the course of preparing responses to the request, she identified several potential or existing violations of FINRA rules and federal securities regulations, which FINRA was likely to discover, including violations of the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering provisions. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 50. During this time, Frankel was the Legent officer ultimately responsible for compliance with various anti-money laundering provisions. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 51.
On April 26, 2012, Bussing met with defendant Carlos Salas, a director of COR, who told Bussing that she had the support of COR management. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 6, 52. Sugarman similarly expressed his support of Bussing’s investigations and disclosures. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 53. On April 27, based upon violations identified in response to the Rule 8210 document request, Bussing directed Legent staff to cease processing penny stock certificates. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 54. Bussing also directed Le-gent staff to perform several transactional audits and account reviews, including an audit of all third-party foreign wires from 2011 and 2012. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 55. Later that day, Salas met with Bussing and expressed his dissatisfaction with Bussing’s response to the document request and the decision to cease processing penny stock certificates. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 56. Bussing alleges that Salas advocated ignoring or responding incompletely to FINRA’s document request. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 56.
Two days later, on April 29, 2012, defendant Jeffrey Sime, an officer of Legent, instructed Bussing to cease preparing a response to the Rule 8210 document request and to cease her audit of Legent’s anti-money laundering compliance. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 8, 58. Bussing alleges that Sime was so agitated during their meeting that it prompted her to threaten to call security. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 58-59. Later that day, Bussing issued a report to COR and Legent which detailed several violations of anti-money laundering provisions and deficits in Legent’s internal record-keeping. The report stated that Legent had processed transactions that violated the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering provisions on a daily basis throughout 2011 and 2012, and that Legent had likely been used to facilitate money-laundering activities. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 60-63. Bussing discussed these findings with Legent and COR management, including Sugarman, Salas, and Frankel. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 64. She alleges that she “was directed by Legent and COR management, including but not limited to Sug-arman, Salas, Frankel, and Legent’s new CCO to stall, delay, stop digging, and stop responding to the Rule 8210 Document Request or FINRA.” Filing 63-1 at ¶ 65. Bussing refused, and participated in FIN-RA’s onsite examination of Legent’s offices, which took place from April 30 to May 3. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 66.
On May 4, 2012, Salas allegedly notified Bussing that he, Sugarman, and COR had decided Bussing “needed a vacation,” and ordered Bussing to begin taking leave immediately. Salas also told Bussing that when she returned, her position would be changed and he would become Legent’s CEO. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 68. Finally, on or around May 20, Bussing was notified that her employment with Legent had been terminated for cause. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 72-73.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
This matter is before the Court on the parties’ objections to the Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendation. There are technically several layers to the standard of review in this case, but as it turns out, the same standard governs most of the Court’s substantive analysis. Under 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), a district court may refer matters to a magistrate judge, who will in turn provide proposed findings of fact and recommendations for disposition. Thereafter, the district court “shall make a de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to which objection is made.” Id. Following that review, the district court “may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge.” Id.
Failure to object to a finding of fact in a Magistrate Judge’s recommendation may be construed as a waiver of the right to object from the district court’s order adopting the recommendation of the finding of fact. NECivR 72.2(f). And the failure to file an objection eliminates not only the need for de novo review, but any review by the Court. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 106 S.Ct. 466, 88 L.Ed.2d 435 (1985); Leonard v. Dorsey & Whitney LLP, 553 F.3d 609 (8th Cir.2009); see also United States v. Meyer, 439 F.3d 855, 858-59 (8th Cir.2006). So, with one exception (which relates to Bussing’s claim for tor-tious interference), this Memorandum and Order touches only upon those aspects of the Findings and Recommendation to which the parties have objected. The Court has reviewed the remaining portions of the Findings and Recommendation, and will accept the Magistrate Judge’s recommendations without modification.
Because the Court’s analysis of the portions subject to objections is de novo,' it is the same as the standard governing the underlying motions to dismiss and for leave to amend, to which the Court now turns. Following the defendants’ motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim (filing 26), Bussing filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint, along with a proposed amended complaint. Filings 63 and 63-1. For all practical purposes, the Court’s review of these motions has collapsed into a single inquiry: whether Bussing’s third proposed amended complaint states a claim for relief.
A complaint must set forth a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief. Fed. R.Civ.P. 8(a)(2). This standard does not require detailed factual allegations, but it demands more than an unadorned accusation. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). The complaint need not contain detailed factual allegations, but must provide more than labels and conclusions; and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not suffice. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). For the purposes of a motion to dismiss a court must take all of the factual allegations in the complaint as true, but is not bound to accept as true a legal conclusion couched as a factual allegation. Id.
And to survive a motion to dismiss under Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6), a complaint must also contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim for relief that .is plausible on its face. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937. A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is hable for the misconduct alleged. Id. Where the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged — but it has not shown — that the pleader is entitled to relief. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937.
Determining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief will require the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense. Id. The facts alleged must raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence to substantiate the necessary elements of the plaintiffs claim. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 545, 127 S.Ct. 1955. The court must assume the truth of the plaintiffs factual allegations, and a well-pleaded complaint may proceed, even if it strikes a savvy judge that actual proof of those facts is improbable, and that recovery is very remote and unlikely. Id. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955.
III. ANALYSIS
The Court first takes a moment to sort through the claims in Bussing’s operative complaint, which asserts twelve theories of recovery, with each brought against all of the defendants (unless otherwise noted). Those theories are: retaliation in violation of 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h), the whistleblower-protection provision of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (“Dodd-Frank”); retaliation in violation of Neb.Rev.Stat. § 48-1114(3) of the Nebraska Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA), Neb.Rev. Stat. § 48-1101 et seq.; wrongful termination in violation of public policy; breach of contract; breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing (against Legent only); defamation; fraudulent inducement, misrepresentation, and concealment; negligent misrepresentation; tortious interference with a business relationship or expectancy; and negligence.
The Magistrate Judge first found that Bussing failed to state a claim under Dodd-Frank. Filing 70 at 6-16. Bussing has objected to this finding, and as explained below, this Court finds that Buss-ing has, in fact, stated a claim for relief under Dodd-Frank. Filing 76.
The Magistrate Judge also found that Bussing had failed to state claims for defamation and for fraudulent inducement, fraudulent misrepresentation, fraudulent concealment, and negligent misrepresentation, and that her proposed amendment, as to those claims, was thus futile. Filing 70 at 21-25. Bussing has not objected to this aspect of the Magistrate Judge’s findings. The Court therefore adopts those findings: those claims are dismissed and leave to amend is denied.
The defendants have not challenged Bussing’s claims for breach of contract and breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing. Accordingly, those claims may proceed. The defendants have objected to the Magistrate Judge’s finding that Bussing had successfully pleaded claims for wrongful termination in violation of public policy and under FEPA. Filing 74. The resolution of those claims is detailed below; for now it suffices to say that they will be allowed to proceed.
Next, the Magistrate Judge found that Bussing had stated claims for tortious interference against the individual defendants, but not the corporate defendants. Bussing has objected to the latter finding. Filing 76. The Court finds that Bussing’s tortious interference claims require a close examination of potentially complex legal questions that the parties have not yet briefed. The claims will be allowed to proceed, subject to reevaluation at a later time.
Finally, the Magistrate Judge found that Bussing had failed to state a claim for negligence against the individual defendants, but that she had stated a claim for negligence against COR and Legent, based upon their alleged failure to properly report certain information to the IRS. Filing 70 at 26-27. Neither party has objected to either aspect of this finding, and so the Court adopts the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation without modification.
Before turning to the merits of Buss-ing’s claim under Dodd-Frank, one additional procedural matter bears noting: Bussing’s Motion to Offer Additional Evidence (filing 78) will be denied as moot. The Court has considered the proffered evidence, and it has not factored meaningfully into the Court’s analysis.
A. DoDD-FRANK WHISTLEBLOWER CLAIM
Bussing’s first claim arises under 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h), a provision of Dodd-Frank that protects employees from retaliation for certain whistleblowing activities and disclosures. The parties dispute both whether Bussing qualifies as a whistle-blower under Dodd-Frank and whether Dodd-Frank protects Bussing’s disclosures related to the Rule 8210 document request. Each side claims that its position is supported by the language of the statute. Bussing also argues that the Court should defer to the SEC’s construction of the statute, as set forth in regulations recently adopted by the SEC. After carefully reviewing the statute and the relevant caselaw, the Magistrate Judge found that Bussing did not qualify as a Dodd-Frank whistleblower. Filing 70 at 7-16. Bussing has objected to this finding, and the Court has conducted its own de novo review of the matter. For the reasons discussed below, this Court reads the statute differently than the Magistrate Judge, and finds that on the facts alleged, Bussing qualifies as a Dodd-Frank whistleblower, and further finds that she has made disclosures protected by Dodd-Frank’s anti-retaliation provision.
1. Bussing Qualifies as a “Whistleblower” Under Dodd-Frank
Dodd-Frank amended the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, 48 Stat. 881, as amended, 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq., to provide incentives for whistleblowers to report to the SEC in the form of a “bounty” program, through which whistleblow-ers may receive financial awards from the SEC for providing the SEC with original information relating to violation of the securities laws. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(b)-(g). Dodd-Frank also created a private cause of action for certain individuals whose employers retaliate against them for taking certain protected actions. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h). This case centers around the anti-retaliation provision, which provides:
No employer may discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, harass, directly or indirectly, or in any other manner discriminate against, a whistleblower in the terms and conditions of employment because of any lawful act done by the whistleblower—
(i) in providing information to the Commission in accordance with this section;
(ii) in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any investigation or judicial or administrative action of the Commission based upon or related to such information; or
(iii) in making disclosures that are required or protected under the Sar-banes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7201 et seq.), this chapter, including section 78j-l(m) of this title, section 1513(e) of Title 18, and any other law, rule, or regulation subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission.
15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(l)(A).
The first two subsections, (i) and (ii), protect whistleblowers who report to the SEC or work directly with the SEC in some manner. See Nollner v. S. Baptist Convention, Inc., 852 F.Supp.2d 986, 993 (M.D.Tenn.2012). “By contrast, the third category does not require that the whistle-blower have interacted directly with the SEC — only that the disclosure, to whomever made, was ‘required or protected’ by certain laws within the SEC’s jurisdiction.” Id. In fact, as the Court explains below, the language of subsection (iii) covers a broad array of disclosures to entities other than the SEC.
Bussing has not alleged that she provided any information to the SEC; thus, she seeks relief under subsection (iii). She argues that by complying with the Rule 8210 document request, cooperating with FINRA’s examination and investigation, and preparing a report regarding Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering violations, she made disclosures that were required by a rule subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC — FINRA Rule 8210 — and thus made disclosures protected by subsection (iii). As the Court explains below, and despite defendants’ arguments to the contrary, FINRA Rule 8210 does qualify as a rule subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, and Bussing has properly pleaded that she made a disclosure required by that rule. If that were the end of the matter, Bussing’s claim would fall easily within subsection (iii). But there is a more basic, definitional issue the Court must first address.
By its terms, the anti-retaliation provision of Dodd-Frank only extends protection to “whistleblowers.” The introductory paragraph provides that no employer shall take retaliatory acts against “a whistle-blower in the terms and conditions of employment because of any lawful [enumerated] act done by the whistleblower.” 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(l)(A) (emphasis supplied). And the term “whistleblower” is defined, in a separate subsection of Dodd-Frank, as “any individual who provides, or 2 or more individuals acting jointly who provide, information relating to a violation of the securities laws to the Commission, in a manner established, by riile or regulation, by the Commission.” 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(a)(6) (emphasis supplied). The statute’s definition of “whistleblower,” which requires a disclosure to the SEC, therefore exists in tension with subsection (iii) of the anti-retaliation provision, which protects a broad range of disclosures to entities other than the SEC.
If, on the other hand, the anti-retaliation provision is read using the word “whistle-blower” in its everyday sense, there is no such tension. In that sense, a whistle-blower is “a person who tells police, reporters, etc., about something (such as a crime) that has been kept secret,” or an “employee who reports employer wrongdoing to a governmental or law-enforcement agency.” If this reading of the term “whistleblower” is applied to the anti-retaliation provision — while maintaining the statutory definition for the other subsections, which deal solely with the bounty program — all parts of the statute fit together into a harmonious and coherent whole. Cf. FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120, 133, 120 S.Ct. 1291, 146 L.Ed.2d 121 (2000). This interpretation gives effect to the full range of disclosures protected by the anti-retaliation provision, while reserving rewards under the bounty program for whistleblowers who report to the SEC.
“ ‘Statutory definitions control the meaning of statutory words, of course, in the usual case. But this is an unusual case.’ ” Nw. Austin Mun. Util. Dist. No. One v. Holder, 557 U.S. 193, 206-07, 129 S.Ct. 2504, 174 L.Ed.2d 140 (2009) (quoting Lawson v. Suwannee Fruit & S.S. Co., 336 U.S. 198, 201, 69 S.Ct. 503, 93 L.Ed. 611 (1949)). When it is apparent that Congress intended a word to be given its ordinary meaning, notwithstanding the presence of a statutory definition to the contrary, and when applying the definition to the provision at issue would defeat that provision’s purpose, the Court will not mechanically read the statutory definition into that provision. See Philko Aviation, Inc. v. Shacket, 462 U.S. 406, 411-12, 103 S.Ct. 2476, 76 L.Ed.2d 678 (1983).
The Court is convinced that § 78u-6(h) presents just such an unusual case. Unless the term “whistleblower” is given its ordinary meaning for purposes of this anti-retaliation provision, subsection (iii) will be rendered insignificant, and its purpose — to shield a broad range of employee disclosures — will be thwarted. To understand why, it is helpful to carefully examine the full extent of subsection (iii)’s reach.
Subsection (iii) operates by incorporation; it protects disclosures required or protected by other laws. Unlike the preceding subsections, it applies to disclosures that are completely unrelated to any tip to the SEC. And, most importantly, subsection (iii) applies to a vast array of situations where the applicable laws or regulations call for disclosure to entities other than the SEC — disclosures that would not qualify for protection if the statutory definition of “whistleblower” is applied. The full panoply of protected disclosures is too extensive to recite in detail; an examination of two portions will suffice.
First, subsection (iii) protects disclosures required or protected by the Sar-banes-Oxley Act of 2002, Pub.L. No. 107-204, 116 Stat. 745 (codified in scattered sections of titles 15 and 18) (“Sarbanes-Oxley”). This statute, in turn, protects a broad range of employee disclosures to persons or entities other than the SEC, including internal reports to company officials.
Second, subsection (iii) contains a catchall provision which protects any disclosures required or protected by any law, rule, or regulation subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC. Again, it would not be feasible (or particularly helpful) to attempt to list every regulation covered by this language— but even a brief sample will illustrate both its breadth and the extent to which it protects disclosures to entities other than the SEC. As the Court explains below, FINRA Rule 8210 is a rule “subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission.” That rule, in turn, requires the disclosure of information related to any investigation authorized by FINRA’s by-laws or rules. And it mandates disclosure not to the SEC, but to FINRA.
In short, Congress drafted subsection (iii) with the aim of protecting a very broad range of disclosures, including many to persons or entities other than the SEC. This understanding of the subsection’s function is confirmed by comparing it to subsections (i) and (ii). Those subsections explicitly require not only that there be information provided to the SEC, but subsection (i) only applies to information provided “in accordance with this section,” that is, tips under the bounty program. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(l)(A)(i). And subsection (ii), while more broadly aimed at covering testimony or assistance, is still limited to investigations or proceedings “based upon or related to” the tip. 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(h)(l)(A)(ii).
By contrast, subsection (iii) protects a broader category of actions — “disclosures” — and does not require any connection between the disclosure and a tip to the SEC or even the bounty program. The lack of such a connection makes sense, because the anti-retaliation provision was drafted to have effect independent of the bounty program. Otherwise, it simply doesn’t make sense that subsection (iii) would explicitly apply to an extensive range of disclosures to entities other than the SEC — disclosures that would never fall under the bounty program.
When the term “whistleblower” is given its ordinary meaning — for purposes of the retaliation section only — everything falls into place. The broad protections of subsection (iii) are given effect, while rewards under the bounty program are properly limited to whistleblowers who provide tips to the SEC. But the same is not true under the contrary interpretation. When “whistleblower” is used in its narrower sense, subsection (iii) serves no significant purpose, and its aim of broadly protecting whistleblowers is stifled. This is best illustrated by examining a case that embraced that approach, Asadi v. G.E. Energy (USA), L.L.C., 720 F.3d 620, 625 (5th Cir.2013). However, before moving on, it will be helpful to take a brief detoui* into the history of the drafting of subsection (iii). The Court observes that nothing in the legislative history suggests that Congress anticipated any conflict between subsection (iii) and the definition of “whistle-blower.”
(a) The Drafting of Dodd-Frank
Dodd-Frank was “a direct and comprehensive response to the financial crisis that nearly crippled the U.S. economy beginning in 2008.” S. REP. 111-176, at 2 (2010). The primary purpose of Dodd-Frank was “to promote the financial stability of the United States .... through multiple measures designed to improve accountability, resiliency, and transparency in the financial system.” Id. The whistle-blower provisions were just one of those measures, and were a small part of a very large piece of legislation. See Dodd-Frank Act, Pub.L. 111-203, Title IX, § 922(a), 124 Stat. 1841 (2010). So, it is not surprising that the legislative history contains scant references to what would become § 78u-6. What discussion there was tended to focus on the bounty program; and the official record contains only fleeting references to the anti-retaliation provision.
The evolution of the bill’s language likewise sheds little light on the matter. The bill introduced and eventually passed by the House contained a bounty program and an anti-retaliation provision that roughly resemble the enacted law. See, Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009, H.R. 4173, 111th Cong. '§ 7203 (as introduced in House, Dec. 2, 2009) and (as passed by House, Dec. 11, 2009). Like the enacted law, that bill defined the term “whistleblower” to include only individuals who submit information to the SEC. Id. at § 7203(j)(4). But the anti-retaliation provision did not use the term “whistleblower” to describe the individuals protected from retaliation; instead, it used the phrase “employee, contractor, or agent.” Id. at § 7203(g)(1)(A). And the anti-retaliation provision only protected conduct that would later become subsections (i) and (ii) — providing tips to the SEC or assisting in a resulting investigation or proceeding. Id. In other words, there was no equivalent to subsection (iii).
When the bill passed the Senate, the phrase “employee, contractor, or agent” in the anti-retaliation provision was replaced with “whistleblower.” Restoring American Financial Stability Act of 2010, H.R. 4173, 111th Cong. § 922(h)(1)(A) (May 20, 2010). However, while the Senate version was essentially identical to the enacted version, it still lacked an equivalent to subsection (iii). In other words, there was no reason to anticipate that any conflict would arise from the replacement of the phrase “employee, contractor, or agent” with the term “whistleblower.”
What would become subsection (iii) was added late in the legislative process. It first appeared in a draft of the conference committee base text that was used to finalize the legislation. There is nothing to suggest when or why the language was first added to that draft. Ultimately, the legislative history suggests that Congress was not aware of any potential conflict. So, with little guidance from the legislative history, the Court returns to the text of the statute. The Court is thus left to choose between one of two interpretations. There is the reading discussed above, which harmonizes all parts of the statute and gives subsection (iii) a meaningful purpose. But that is not the only way to read the statute; an alternative interpretation was suggested in Asadi v. G.E. Energy (USA), L.L.C., 720 F.3d 620, 625 (5th Cir.2013), to which the Court now turns.
(b) The Asadi Approach
The Fifth Circuit found that subsection (iii) could be salvaged, even if it is read to apply only to individuals who qualify as whistleblowers under the statutory definition. Asadi, 720 F.3d at 625-29; accord, Banko v. Apple Inc., 20 F.Supp.3d 749, 2013 WL 7394596 (N.D.Cal. Sept. 27, 2013); Wagner v. Bank of Am. Corp., 2013 WL 3786643 (D.Colo. July 19, 2013). Specifically, the Asadi court decided that subsection (iii) serves to protect individuals who have already made a covered disclosure to the SEC, but who were retaliated against on the basis of another required or protected disclosure. Id. at 627. The Fifth Circuit provided a hypothetical to illustrate how this interpretation might work in practice:
Assume a mid-level manager discovers a securities law violation. On the day he makes this discovery, he immediately reports this securities law violation (1) to his company’s chief executive officer (“CEO”) and (2) to the SEC. Unfortunately for the mid-level manager, the CEO, who is not yet aware of the disclosure to the SEC, immediately fires the mid-level manager. The mid-level manager, clearly a “whistleblower” as defined in Dodd-Frank because he provided information to the SEC relating to a securities law violation, would be unable to prove that he was retaliated against because of the report to the SEC. Accordingly, the first and second category of protected activity would not shield this whistleblower from retaliation. The third category of protected activity, however, protects the mid-level manager. In this scenario, the internal disclosure to the CEO, a person with supervisory authority over the mid-level manager, is protected under [§ 806 of Sarbanes-Ox-ley]. Accordingly, even though the CEO was not aware of the report to the SEC at the time he terminated the mid-level manager, the mid-level manager can state a claim under the Dodd-Frank whistleblower-protection provision because he was a “whistleblower” and suffered retaliation based on his disclosure to the CEO, which was protected under [Sarbanes-Oxley].
Id. at 627-28. The Magistrate Judge concurred with the analysis in Asadi. However, this Court respectfully disagrees, and is not persuaded by the reasoning of the Asadi court. Rather than demonstrating the reasonableness of its interpretation, this hypothetical exposes the Asadi court’s interpretation as unwieldy.
In the whistleblower context, there are three major players: employee-whistle-blowers, employers, and the SEC. And from the perspective of each, the Asadi interpretation poses problems. From the employer’s perspective, this interpretation creates a peculiar standard of liability, in which liability for retaliation only attaches if certain preconditions — of which they are unaware — are satisfied. More importantly, the Asadi interpretation is simultaneously under-inclusive from the employee’s perspective and over-inclusive from the SEC’s point of view. That is because it fails to account for the fact that employees tend to report matters internally before complaining to the SEC.
Even after the passage of Dodd-Frank, there are many reasons an employee might not report first to the SEC. Many whistleblowers are not motivated by financial gain, and so the bounty program simply may not factor into their decision. Some employees may be driven by loyalty (misplaced or not) to give their companies a chance to remedy violations before calling in the SEC. And there are no doubt others who are simply not savvy enough to know that they should take the counter-intuitive step of first reporting to the SEC if they want any protection for internal reporting.
Thus, under Asadi, not only does the law fail to protect the majority of whistle-blowers, it fails to protect those who are most vulnerable to retaliation. Nor can the Asadi court’s narrow construction be squared with the broad sweep of disclosures protected by subsection (iii). This Court will not attribute to Congress an intent to offer a broad array of protections with one hand, only to snatch it back with the other, leaving behind protection for only a narrow subset of whistleblowers.
Nor is it logical to conclude that Congress intended to encourage an across-the-board departure from the general practice of first making an internal report. Internal reporting serves a number of important interests — shared by employers and the SEC. It allows companies to remedy improper conduct at an early stage, perhaps before it rises to the level of a violation. SEC, Securities Whistleblower Incentives and Protections, 76 Fed.Reg. 34300-01, 2011 WL 2293084, at *34324 (August 12, 2011). Requiring employees to report first to the SEC would also risk frustrating companies’ internal compliance programs, and could deter whistleblowers from participating in internal investigations. Id.
Internal reporting may also prevent simple misunderstandings — where an employee is mistaken, and there has been no legal violation — from transforming into investigations that waste corporate and government resources. Id. In other words, it will help vet the tips to the SEC, so that the SEC receives fewer and higher quality reports from whistleblowers. Id. Thus, from the SEC’s perspective, the Asadi interpretation is over-inclusive, as it encourages reports to the SEC that could be more efficiently handled internally, thus wasting government resources generally and diverting resources from cases that need the SEC’s full attention. There will of course be situations where an employee knows that an internal report would be futile, or where there has been a clear and ongoing violation of the securities laws that calls for the SEC’s intervention. And some whistleblowers might simply want some of that bounty money. Accordingly, nothing in the law requires an internal disclosure before reporting to the SEC. After all, Congress aimed to encourage whistleblowers to report to the SEC. But it does not follow that Congress intended to discourage internal reporting.
This Court’s reading of the statute is not only faithful to the text of the statute, but it also gives meaningful effect to all of its parts, and furthers the purposes underlying Dodd-Frank. As a practical matter, this interpretation reaches the same result as the SEC’s regulation. But the result flows from the statute itself, and it is not necessary to determine if deference to the SEC’s construction of the statute is warranted.
2. Disclosures Required by a Rule Subject to SEC’s Jurisdiction
The Court further finds that Bussing has properly alleged that she made a disclosure required by a rule or regulation subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC: FINRA Rule 8210. That rule provides that, for purposes of a FINRA investigation or proceeding, FINRA staff may require a member company (i.e., Legent), or any person associated with a member or otherwise subject to FINRA’s jurisdiction “to provide information orally, in writing, or electronically ... with respect to any matter involved in the investigation, complaint, examination, or proceeding.” FIN-RA Rule 8210(a)(1) (2010). The rule also gives FINRA staff the right to inspect and copy the books, records, and accounts of any such member or person with respect to any matter involved in the investigation or proceeding. FINRA Rule 8210(a)(2). In case there was any doubt that disclosure is mandatory, the rule further states that “[n]o member or person shall fail to provide information or testimony or to permit an inspection and copying of books, records, or accounts pursuant to this Rule.” FINRA Rule 8210(c). The terms of Rule 8210 are clear and mandatory; thus, Bussing has alleged that her disclosures were required by rule or regulation.
The defendants argue that while Buss-ing may have complied with the Rule 8210 document request, she has not actually alleged that she made any “disclosure.” Filing 66 at 11-12. Instead, they claim, Bussing has merely alleged that she “ ‘participated’ ” in FINRA’s onsite examination of Legent and that FINRA “ ‘examined Legent’s response to the Rule 8210 Document Request.’ ” Filing 66 at 11 (quoting filing 63-1 at ¶ 66). But it was Bussing who prepared Legent’s response, which was then provided (i.e., disclosed) to FIN-RA. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 60. And Bussing claims that she did so despite directions from Salas and Sime, who allegedly told her to ignore or respond incompletely to the Rule 8210 document request. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 56-59. This shows not only that Bussing was.personally responsible for the disclosure to FINRA, but that she did so in a classic whistleblowing context.
The defendants also argue that Dodd-Frank should not be interpreted “so broadly as to protect individuals who simply gather documentation for FINRA to inspect without that individual affirmatively disclosing information specific to a particular violation.” Filing 66 at 12. But § 78u-6(h)(l)(A)(iii) broadly protects disclosures required by law; it does not require the disclosure to relate to a particular violation. And even if it did, Bussing has alleged that in the response she prepared, she identified several potential or existing violations of FINRA rules and federal securities laws, including violations of the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering provisions. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 50.
Finally, the Court finds that FINRA Rule 8210 is a rule subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC. To speak of the SEC’s “jurisdiction” is simply to refer to the scope of its regulatory authority, which is, in turn, a question of the agency’s authority under the relevant statute. City of Arlington, Tex. v. F.C.C., — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 1863, 1866, 1868, — L.Ed.2d - (2013). As a national securities association, FINRA is undoubtedly subject to the SEC’s jurisdiction. FINRA “creates and enforces rules that govern the industry alongside the SEC and is subject to significant SEC oversight.” Aslin, 704 F.3d at 476. The SEC must approve all of FINRA’s rules, and may abrogate, add to, and delete from all FINRA rules as it deems necessary. Id. (citing 15 U.S.C. § 78s(b)(1) and (c)). And Rule 8210 is no exception. See, e.g., FINRA, 13-06 SEC Approves Amendments to Rule 8210 (Feb. 25, 2013).
Thus, the Court finds that Bussing has stated a claim for relief under § 78u-6(h)(l)(A)(iii). The Court will sustain Bussing’s objection, and declines to adopt this portion of the Magistrate Judge’s findings and recommendation. Bussing’s Dodd-Frank claim will be allowed to proceed.
B. Bussing’s Claims UndeR Fepa and Neb.Rev.Stat. § 20-148
Bussing’s next claim for relief arises under Nebraska’s Fair Employment Practices Act (FEPA). Specifically, Bussing relies upon Neb.Rev.Stat. § 48-1114(3), which prohibits employers from discriminating against any employee because he or she has “has opposed any practice or refused to carry out any action unlawful under federal law or the laws of this state.” (Emphasis supplied.) The defendants do not dispute the Magistrate Judge’s finding that Bussing has alleged she engaged in protected activity under § 48-1114(3), i.e., “complying with the Rule 8210 document request, cooperating in the FINRA exam ..., issuing directives to cease processing penny stock certificates, and preparing her internal report regarding the violations of the Bank [Security] Act and anti-money laundering violations.” Filing 70 at 20.
Instead, the defendants attack the procedural route that Bussing has taken. FEPA requires plaintiffs to exhaust certain administrative remedies with the Nebraska Equal Opportunity Commission (NEOC) before filing suit. See Goolsby v. Anderson, 250 Neb. 306, 549 N.W.2d 153, 156-57 (1996). But Bussing has taken an alternative route: Neb.Rev.Stat. § 20-148. That statute “provides a procedural avenue for pursuit of certain employment-related claims without exhausting the available administrative remedies.” Dossett v. First State Bank, Loomis, Nebraska, 261 Neb. 959, 627 N.W.2d 131, 137 (2001). “Section 20-148 was enacted to provide an alternative remedy for plaintiffs who otherwise would be trapped in bureaucratic backlogs.” Goolsby, 549 N.W.2d at 157. The statute allows a plaintiff to bring suit based upon the “deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the United States Constitution or the Constitution and laws of the State of Nebraska.” Neb.Rev.Stat. § 20-148(1).
The defendants argue that § 20-148 is only available to plaintiffs alleging violations of their civil rights, and that Buss-ing’s claim, predicated on violations of federal securities and banking laws, does not suffice. This argument is not persuasive. Section 20-148 expressly applies to any rights secured by the “laws of the State of Nebraska.” Not only is § 48-1114(3) such a law, but Goolsby expressly held that claims based upon FEPA were cognizable under § 20-148. See Goolsby, 549 N.W.2d at 157-58.
The defendants also claim that it is “inconceivable” that the Nebraska Legislature could have intended that § 20-148 would be used to pursue a claim under § 48-1114(3), as § 20-148’s enactment preceded the creation of the protections found in § 48-1114(3). Filing 75 at 5. Essentially, the defendants argue that the rights that may be vindicated under § 20-148 are limited to those existing under Nebraska’s statutes at the time § 20-148 was enacted. Again, the Court is not persuaded. It is true that § 20-148 is a “procedural statute which does not create any new substantive rights.” Goolsby, 549 N.W.2d at 157. But that does not mean that the Legislature tied its own hands in enacting § 20-148, and forever barred itself from creating substantive rights that fall within its scope. Thus, as to Bussing’s FEPA claims, brought via § 20-148, the Court overrules the defendants’ objection, accepts the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation, and finds that Bussing has stated a claim for relief.
C. WRONGFUL Termination in Violation of Public Policy
Bussing has asserted a Nebraska tort claim for wrongful termination in violation of public policy. In Nebraska, unless constitutionally, statutorily, or contractually prohibited, an employer, without incurring liability, may terminate an at-will employee at any time with or without reason. Coffey v. Planet Group, Inc., 287 Neb. 834, 844, 845 N.W.2d 255 (Neb.2014). There is, however, a public policy exception to the at-will employment doctrine. Id. Under this exception, an employee can bring a common law tort claim for wrongful discharge when the motivation for the firing contravenes public policy. Id. However, the public policy exception is restricted to cases when a clear mandate of public policy has been violated, and it should be limited to manageable and clear standards. Id. In determining whether a clear mandate of public policy is violated, the Court asks whether the employer’s conduct contravenes the letter or purpose of a constitutional, statutory, or regulatory provision or scheme. Id.
Bussing argues that such a clear mandate is present in the whistleblower protections of Dodd-Frank. The Magistrate Judge found that this was sufficient and allowed the claim to proceed. Filing 70 at 21. The defendants object, raising a number of counter-arguments. But the defendants’ basic contention is that federal securities and banking law do not amount to an expression of Nebraska’s state public policy.
At this point, the Court finds the parties’ dispute to be purely theoretical. The Court will assume, for the time being, that a federal law can provide the source of public policy for a state tort claim. Buss-ing asks the Court to find support for a wrongful discharge claim on the policy expressed by Congress in Dodd-Frank. Very well. Congress has declared that it violates public policy when whistleblowers are fired in retaliation for conduct covered in § 78u-6(h)(l)(A). If Dodd-Frank is the source of Bussing’s common law claim, then for all practical purposes, her wrongful discharge claim is perfectly coextensive with her statutory Dodd-Frank claim. The Court cannot alter Congress’ expression of public policy — the Nebraska Supreme Court has been clear that a court cannot contradict the Legislature on matters of public policy. E.g., Amen v. Astrue, 284 Neb. 691, 822 N.W.2d 419, 423 (2012). Bussing has not suggested that there is any difference between these claims — she does not point the Court to any conduct protected by the broad policy of protecting whistleblowers that is not actually covered in her Dodd-Frank claim. Nor does she claim that Dodd-Frank is somehow inadequate in its remedies.
Thus, at this time, the Court need not determine if Bussing has pleaded a separate claim for wrongful discharge in violation of public policy. If such a claim exists, it is — for present purposes — virtually the same as her Dodd-Frank claim. So, the claim may proceed for the time being. The defendants’ objection is therefore denied.
D. T0RTIOUS INTERFERENCE
The Court turns finally to Buss-ing’s claim for tortious interference with a business relationship or expectancy. Filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 135-39. To state a claim for relief, Bussing must allege facts to support the following elements: (1) the existence of a valid business relationship or expectancy, (2) knowledge by the interferer of the relationship or expectancy, (3) an unjustified intentional act of ■ interference on the part of the interferer, (4) proof that the interference caused the harm sustained, and (5) damages. Huff v. Swartz, 258 Neb. 820, 606 N.W.2d 461, 466 (2000).
Bussing alleges generally that she had valid business relationships or expectancies with both Legent and COR. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 136. She .claims that the defendants interfered with those relationships by terminating her in retaliation for her anti-money laundering audits of Legent and her response to the Rule 8210 document request. More specifically, she claims that the individual defendants interfered with her relationships with both Legent and COR, and that Legent and COR interfered with her relationship with each other. See filing 67 at 26.
The Court begins with a basic observation. A tortious interference claim requires a third party; a contracting party cannot be held hable in tort for interfering with its own contract. Huff, 606 N.W.2d at 467 (citing Nordling v. N. States Power Co., 478 N.W.2d 498, 505 (Minn.1991)). Thus, Bussing does not argue that Legent or COR interfered with its own relationship with her. For that, Bussing has sought recourse through other means, such as her retaliation and breach of contract claims. When the party alleged to have interfered is a supervisor or co-employee, matters become more complicated.
Generally speaking, the agent of a principal cannot be held liable for interfering with a contract between the principal and a third party. See, e.g., Martin v. Johnson, 975 P.2d 889, 896 (Okla.1998). A corporation can only act through its directors, officers, and agents. Wiekhorst Bros. Excavating & Equip. Co. v. Ludewig, 247 Neb. 547, 529 N.W.2d 33, 40 (1995). It follows that if a corporation’s agent is acting within the scope of his authority, his acts are acts of the corporation and there is only one actor. Id. Thus the question becomes, at what point does the coemployee become a “third person” subject to liability for tortious interference with the employment relationship of another on the basis of an unjustified intentional act? Huff, 606 N.W.2d at 467. In Huff, the Nebraska Supreme Court sketched the outlines of an answer.
First, whether conduct amounts to interference by a third party is a separate inquiry from whether the conduct was unjustified. Id. In determining whether a defendant was a third party capable of interfering, courts draw a distinction between actions which fall within the general scope of the alleged interferer’s authority as an agent of the employer and those which are in furtherance of some individual or private purpose not related to the interests of the employer. Id.
If a corporation’s officer or agent acting pursuant to his company duties terminates or causes to be terminated an employee, the actions are those of the corporation; the employee’s dispute is with the company employer for breach of contract, not the agent individually for a tort. To allow the officer or agent to be sued and to be personally liable would chill corporate personnel from performing their duties and would be contrary to the limited liability accorded incorporation.
Id. (quoting Nordling, 478 N.W.2d at 505-06). Stated differently, so long as the officer “ ‘acts within the general range of his authority intended to benefit the corporation, the law identifies his actions with the corporation.’ ” Id. (quoting Hickman v. Winston County Hosp. Bd., 508 So.2d 237, 239 (Ala.1987)). In another formulation of the rule, the plaintiff must show that the coemployee “was serving a master other than the employer or was pursuing ‘some benefit to himself, at odds with the interests’ of the employer.” Id. at 467-68 (quoting Wilcox v. Niagara of Wisconsin Paper Corp., 965 F.2d 355, 365 (7th Cir.1992)). Synthesizing these statements, the Huff court held that “in order to constitute actionable interference with an employment relationship, actions of a coemployee must be shown to have been committed in furtherance of some purpose other than the lawful purposes of the employer.” Id. at 468 (emphasis supplied).
The Magistrate Judge found that as to the individual defendants, Bussing had sufficiently pleaded a claim for relief.
The allegations state that Bussing was terminated from her employment for not following the instruction of the individual defendants to “stall, delay, stop digging and stop responding” to the FINRA investigation and for refusing to discontinue her audit work uncovering potential anti-money laundering compliance issues. Taken as true for the purposes of this motion, the court does not believe avoiding regulatory compliance and covering up potential money laundering violations falls within the lawful purposes of the employer, and the individual defendants’ command that Plaintiff commit these acts could be considered an intentional effort to interfere with Bussing’s relationship with COR and Legent.
Filing 70 at 26.
But the Magistrate Judge went on to find that Bussing’s proposed complaint failed to plead facts discussing how the corporate defendants were alleged to have carried out acts of interference specifically directed at Bussing’s relationship or expectancy with the other organization. Id. The Magistrate Judge therefore found that the proposed amendment would be futile, and recommended denial of the motion to amend with respect to adding a claim of tortious interference against the corporate defendants. Bussing has objected to the Magistrate Judge’s finding with respect to the corporate defendants. Filing 76. The defendants have not objected to the Magistrate Judge’s finding with respect to the individual defendants.
In reviewing Bussing’s objections, the Court has noted several potential complications, not yet addressed by the parties. As such, it is easier to start from scratch. To begin with, it is not clear whether Bussing has stated a claim for any interference with her relationship with COR for a simple reason: Bussing’s operative complaint does not explain what, if any, ongoing relationship she had with COR. Buss-ing worked as an independent contractor for COR from September to December 2011. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 15. On January 1, 2012, she accepted employment with Le-gent. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 28. Bussing has not alleged that she was still employed by COR after that point. Nor does her complaint make clear what business relationship or expectancy she might have maintained with COR. Simply alleging that she “had valid business relationships or expectancies” with COR is not enough. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 136. A complaint must do more than recite the elements of a tortious interference claim. See Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955. Bussing must allege “facts that show some protectable right — a prospective economic or contractual relationship. Although the right need not equate with that found in an enforceable contract, there must be allegations of fact giving rise to some ‘reasonable expectation of economic advantage.’ ” Printing Mart-Morristown v. Sharp Electronics Corp., 116 N.J. 739, 563 A.2d 31, 37 (1989) (quoting Harris v. Perl, 41 N.J. 455, 197 A.2d 359, 363 (1964)). That said, it may very well be that Bussing had an existing or prospective relationship with COR. Therefore, she will be given leave to replead her claim.
For now, the Court will focus on Buss-ing’s relationship with Legent, with whom Bussing has alleged an ongoing business relationship, as expressed in her employment agreement with Legent. With regard to that relationship, there are four categories of potentially interfering defendants: (1) Sime, who was an officer of Legent (but not COR); (2) Sugarman, who was a director of COR (but not Legent); (3) COR itself; and (4) Frankel who was CEO of Legent and a director of COR, and Salas, who was a director of COR and (after May 4, 2012) an officer of Legent. See filing 63-1 at ¶¶ 5-8, 68, 70.
The Court begins with Sime. Because Sime worked for Legent, he was a coem-ployee for purposes of Huff. As noted above, the Magistrate Judge found that, with respect to all of the individual defendants, “avoiding regulatory compliance and covering up potential money laundering violations” did not fall within the lawful purposes of their employers. Filing 70 at 26.
While Bussing has alleged that Sime acted with an unlawful purpose, it was apparently a purpose that Sime shared with Legent. Both were interested in covering up Legent’s alleged misconduct. Bussing does not allege that Sime acted outside the scope of his employment, or in order to benefit himself at Legent’s expense. Huff did not address whether liability for tortious interference may attach when the unlawful purpose is shared by the corporation and the co-employee. Because the parties have not briefed this issue, the Court will not proceed without offering both sides a chance to weigh in. So, at this time, Bussing’s complaint against Sime will be allowed to proceed.
Bussing’s claims against COR potentially raise another complication not yet addressed by the parties. Legent is COR’s wholly-owned subsidiary. Filing 63-1 at ¶ 4. Courts from other jurisdictions have held that a parent corporation has a qualified privilege to interfere with the contractual relations of its subsidiary. See, e.g., Waste Conversion Systems, Inc. v. Greenstone Industries, Inc., 33 S.W.3d 779, 781 (Tenn.2000); T.P. Leasing Corp. v. Baker Leasing Corp., 293 Ark. 166, 732 S.W.2d 480, 483 (1987). The contours of this privilege, as it might exist under Nebraska law, are not yet clear. This, in turn, could affect Bussing’s claims against the remaining individual defendants, depending upon whether they were acting within their capacities as employees of COR and/or Le-gent. Again, because the parties have not addressed this issue, the Court finds it inappropriate to proceed without allowing them an opportunity to brief the matter.
For the time being, Bussing’s tortious interference claims will be allowed to proceed. However, the parties will need to address the issues identified above. Because the Court reaches this decision on different grounds than the Magistrate Judge, the Court declines to adopt the corresponding portion of the Findings and Recommendation. Bussing’s objection is therefore denied as moot.
THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED:
1. The defendants’ objections (filing 74) are overruled.
2. Bussing’s objections (filing 76) are sustained in part and overruled as moot in part, as set forth above.
3. The Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendation (filing 70) are adopted in part and declined in part, as set forth above.
4. The defendants’ motion to dismiss (filing 26) and Bussing’s motion for leave to file a third amended complaint (filing 63) are both granted in part and denied in part, as set forth above. Specifically,
a. Bussing’s claims for retaliation under Dodd-Frank, discrimination under FEPA, wrongful termination in violation of public policy, breach of contract, breach of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing, tor-tious interference, and negligence (against COR and Legent only, for their alleged failure to properly report information to the IRS) may proceed; and
b. Bussing’s remaining claim for defamation is dismissed. As to that claim and the remaining claims sought to be added in her proposed amended complaint (fraudulent and negligent misrepresentation, fraudulent inducement, and fraudulent concealment) her leave to amend is denied as futile.
5. On or before June 11, 2014, Bussing shall file a new amended complaint that conforms to the findings of this Memorandum and Order.
6.Bussing’s Motion to Offer Additional Evidence (filing 78) is denied as moot.
. This recitation of the facts is taken primarily from Bussing's proposed third amended complaint. Filing 63-1. The Court has used that complaint because it is Bussing’s first pleading that was drafted with the benefit of counsel, and because it concisely sets forth the material allegations also contained in her previous, pro se pleadings. See, filings 1, 19, and 34. The Court will refer to this latest proposed pleading as Bussing’s "operative complaint.”
. FINRA is a private, non-profit corporation that is registered with the SEC as a "national securities association.” Aslin v. FINRA, 704 F.3d 475, 476 (7th Cir.2013). This was made possible by the Maloney Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 78o et seq., which provided for the establishment of self-regulatory organizations to oversee the securities markets. Aslin, 704 F.3d at 476.
. On a motion for leave to amend the complaint, the Court "should freely give leave when justice so requires.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 15(a)(2). But the Court has discretion to deny leave when amendment would be futile, such as when the allegations of the amended complaint nonetheless fails to state a claim. See, Gandhi v. Sitara Capital Management, LLC, 721 F.3d 865, 868-69 (7th Cir.2013); Hintz v. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., 686 F.3d 505, 511 (8th Cir.2012). Thus, in this case the Court reviews the motion for leave to amend under the same standard as a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim.
. Pub.L. No. 111-203, 124 Stat 1376 (2010) (codified in various sections of Titles 7, 12, and 15 U.S.C.).
. See 17 C.F.R. § 240.21F-2(b)(l).
. One final procedural matter must be addressed. In addition to the extensive briefs submitted by the parties, Bussing has provided the Court with an amicus brief submitted by the SEC in a case pending before the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. See Meng-Lin Liu v. Siemens A.G., 978 F.Supp.2d 325 (S.D.N.Y.2013), appeal docketed, No. 13-4385 (2d Cir. Nov. 14, 2013). Filing 85. The Court has considered this brief, as well as an appellate brief submitted by the defendant in the Liu case, which was provided (along with additional briefing of their own) by the defendants in this case. See, filings 90, 91, and 92.
. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, s.v. "Whistleblower”, available at http://www. merriamwebster.com/dictionary/ whistleblower (last accessed May 9, 2014).
. Black’s Law Dictionary 1734 (9th ed.2009).
.Specifically, § 806 of Sarbanes-Oxley protects employees of covered companies from retaliation for providing information or assistance in the investigation of any conduct the employee reasonably believes to constitute a violation of various anti-fraud statutes, or any rule or regulation of the SEC. 18 U.S.C. § 1514A(a)(l). And § 806 protects not only disclosures to the SEC, but also to any federal regulatory or law enforcement agency, or to any member or committee of Congress. Moreover, § 806 protects internal reports, made’ to any person with supervisory authority over the employee. 18 U.S.C. § 1514(a)(l)(A-C).
. FINRA Rule 8210(a)(1) (2010). This is the version of Rule 8210 that was in effect at the relevant time. The rule has since been amended, although those amendments do not affect this case. See FINRA Rule 8210 (2013).
. And even under subsections (i) and (ii), there is no requirement that a tip actually meet the qualifications for an award; nor even that such information, or testimony or assistance, result in a successful enforcement action. See, e.g., 15 U.S.C. § 78u-6(a)(l) and (3), (b), and (c).
. 17 C.F.R. § 240.2lF-2(b)(l); see also SEC, Securities Whistleblower Incentives and Protections, 76 Fed.Reg. 34300-01 at 34304.
. Some courts have held that the tension between the statute’s definition of “whistle-blower” and the scope of conduct protected by subsection (iii) renders the statute ambiguous, such that deference to the SEC’s regulation is appropriate under Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 104 S.Ct. 2778, 81 L.Ed.2d 694 (1984). See, e.g., Murray v. UBS Sec., LLC, 2013 WL 2190084, at *2-7 (S.D.N.Y. May 21, 2013); Kramer v. Trans-Lux Corp., 2012 WL 4444820 at *4-5 (D.Conn. Sept. 25, 2012); see also Rosenblum v. Thomson Reuters (Markets) LLC, 984 F.Supp.2d 141, 145-48, 2013 WL 5780775, at *3-5 (S.D.N.Y.2013). However, this Court's reading of the statute, in context, offers a more direct resolution of this tension.
. Given this finding, the Court does not reach Bussing's alternative (and brief) argument that she made a disclosure required by a separate provision, FINRA Rule 3310. Filing 67 at 13.
. Bussing also argues that this policy is expressed in FEPA, through its inclusion of protections for employees who oppose or refuse to participate in violations of federal law. Neb.Rev.Stat. § 48-1114(3). Assuming that this statute could provide a sufficiently clear and definite expression of Legislative intent, it does not add anything to the analysis. The policy expressed in that statute is essentially "look to federal law.” The Court has done so, and Bussing has not persuasively explained how FEPA adds anything of substance to the Court's analysis.
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CASELAW
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Mohammad Bahmanbeigi
Mohammad Bahmanbeigi (Persian: محمد بهمنبیگی) (16 February 1920 – 1 May 2010), sometimes rendered Mohammad Bahman Beigi, was an activist of education for nomadic communities in Iran.
Early life
Bahmanbeigi was born into the Iranian Qashqai tribe in the southern region of Fars. His family headed a small clan, so Bahmanbeigi was educated, attending university in Tehran.
Working with the American Point Four Program
In October 28, 1954, Bahmanbeigi was chief of tribal education of the American Point Four Program in Shiraz, Iran. According to the confidential classified documents of the embassy of the United States in Tehran, Robert L. Funseth, American Vice Consul in Tabriz, reported to Bryant Buckingham American Consul in Isfahan: “While discussing informally and unofficially the general subject of the tribes with Mr. Bahmanbeigi, chief of tribal education program of Point Four in Shiraz, I learned that Khosro Khan had visited General Azizi on Sunday, October 24 (1954). According to Bahmanbeigi, Khosro Khan is presently living at Firuzabad.”
In October 1954 Funseth introduced Bahmanbeigi as: director of the Point Four tribal education program. According to his report: “Background on Bahmanbeigi: about 40 years old. Is a member of the Amaleh tribe. His father is in the mountains with his sub-tribe. Bahmanbeigi is a graduate of the University of Tehran Law School. He directs the Point Four tribal education program.”
Also, Mr Funseth wrote: “Bahmanbeigi visited the United States in 1952 for six months on a private visit. This trip was mostly financed by Khosro Khan. He speaks good English. He told me that because he opposed Khosro in his abortive act of last year (1953) he has lost favor with him. He implied that he was active in forming an opposition to the Khan’s acts.”
According to Clarence Hendershot, a frequent visitor to the schools as the American Education Director in Iran from 1961 through 1965, the tent schools program proved the most successful primary education project that Point Four engaged in Iran; it functioned exactly as a low modernization technical assistance project should. Gagon provided crucial help with gathering important demographic data, procuring supplies and training teachers during the first two years of the program before the Ministry of Education offered its support.
The Americans also shaped the teaching methods to some degree, though many of Bahmanbegi’s ideas resulted at least as much from his own trips to the United States. The program itself, however, was almost exclusively Iranian in execution. Iranians taught and maintained the schools with Bahmanbegi firmly in charge. American influence declined rapidly after the Iranian Ministry of Education assumed financial responsibility for the program in 1955, and Bahmanbegi left the Point Four payroll.
The Point Four and tribal education
"The modern Iranian state during the 1930s convinced the Qashqai leadership of the importance of being able to function in an increasingly sophisticated society. Consequently, the idea of educating their children gained popularity among the Qashqai by the 1950s." "In 1950, the first Point Four international agreement has been signed for American technical cooperation in Iran." In the same year, "Brigham Young University-BYU was invited to participate in Point Four Program in Iran. The United States government also sought the aid of the University of Utah and Utah State Agricultural College [now Utah State University] in planning, staffing and operating the program." "BYU sent four groups of educators to assist in correcting the weaknesses of Iranian school system. The initial group of six educators from BYU including Mr. Glen Gagon, sent in 1951, assisted in upgrading elementary education, establishing tribal schools, and getting the Point Four Program in operation." "Glen Gagon relocated to Shiraz and was involved in founding Point Four nomadic schools for nomadic communities since 1951. The program was later extended to other nomadic regions of Iran."
Vincent Buist (December 1954, Reuters) has prepared a report about the Point for in Iran and published it in Toledo Blade newspaper. He wrote: The first American move to establish tribal education was made by Glen Gagon of Provo, Utah, in 1953. He did a survey of the needs of the nomads. Mr. Gagon found in 1953 that no schools existed for poorer nomads. He went directly to the tribal chiefs. “The chiefs in the main were receptive,” he says. “They helped in electing the best qualified men to serve as teachers and sent them to teachers’ training courses, and promised to pay their salaries.” Mr. Gagon did his early work by jeep and horseback, often spending 10 days at a time in the saddle among tribes moving through the wild Zagros mountain range. He soon learned that secondary schoolboys from the towns would not make good tribal teachers. “Tribal teachers must be known to the families they are going to teach. They must be accepted, from the khan downward, and they must want to stay with the tribes and take a full part in nomadic life. A town boy, however good, would not be accepted,” Mr. Gagon said.
Until the early 1950s tribal folk entrusted the education of their children to mullahs, or tribal elders, who had passed the age of usefulness at hunting or working with cattle. Iranian authorities hoped that education will prove a useful preliminary to inducing the tribes to settle, cultivate the land, prosper and pay taxes as other citizens do.
"Glen Gagon, a Point Four advisor and graduate student of Max Berryessa at BYU, assisted in the tent school program almost from its inception. The Point Four staff assigned Gagon to work in Fars. They began designing a tent school program for all the Qashqai as well as for the neighboring Basseri tribes. The Point Four role was mostly logistical – it helped with supplies and the training of teachers; Bahmanbeigi supervised the schools and conducted the student examinations.Gagon provided crucial help with gathering important demographic data, procuring supplies and training teachers during the first two years of the program before the Ministry of Education offered its support.The Americans also shaped the teaching methods to some degree, though many of Bahmanbegi’s ideas resulted at least as much from his own trips to the United States." "In that time, Mr. Bahmanbeigi was placed on the Point Four payroll."
"The tribal normal school first admitted girls in 1962; eleven years later 270 had graduated and were teaching, a significant accomplishment given the hesitancy with which some Qashqai greeted the idea of sending their girls to school just a decade earlier." The tent school program increased educational opportunities for tribal girls, a goal of both the BYU advisors and the Iranian Ministry of Education.
Qashqai tribal education and Bahmanbeigi
Based on the confidential classified documents of the embassy of the United States in Tehran, “Bahmanbeigi is a member of Amaleh tribe, and he directs the Point Four tribal education program. He visited the United States in 1952 for six months on a private visit.” "Bahmanbegi was abundantly qualified to lead the experiment in education. His father had served on the staff of the Qashqai’s leading khan, and Bahmanbegi himself took a law degree from the University of Tehran."
"From the end of World War II to the fall of Iranian nationalist Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq (in office 1951-53), the Qashqai tribal confederation lived its heyday. The loose control of central government over the Qashqai and later a relationship of mutual support between Mosaddeq and the Qashqai enabled them to flourish both socio-politically and territorially. But the days of the Qashqai tribal confederation as an important political unit were short: in 1953, Pahlavi King toppled Mosaddeq’s government in a coup backed by the CIA, abolished the title of ilkhan and sent the main Qashqai leaders into exile. The King pursued his father’s policy of “settlement of nomads” (forced sedentarization) using new tactics, such as the replacement of the traditional Qashqai khans by Iranian Army officers. Later, he completed the process by imposing the Edare-ye Amuzesh-e ‘Ašāyer (“the office of tribal education”), a Persian-based schooling system. This system educated tribes children in white tents which were set to make transhumance accompanying the pastoralist tribes. It was led by Mohammad Bahmanbeigi, a native Kashkay, who was a loyal agent of the Pahlavi national ideology and an active promoter of Persian language and literature".
"Mr. Bahmanbeigi visited the U.S. where he took a keen interest in social process. He was particularly interested by the public schools. The following year he returned with a mission. Bahmanbeigi has identified as the local person to cooperate with, and to facilitate American assistance."
"Mr. Bahmanbeigi, in his literary works published under the Islamic Republic, denies this loyalty and states in any occasion that he worked only for the sake of Qashqai people who was suffering from a harsh poverty and socio-cultural inferiority rooting in its historical undeveloped way of life compared with surrounding Iranian society. In his fictional-documentary-autobiographical short narratives, he also depicts the injustice and cruelty Pahlavi dynasty did against Qashqai people. (cf. Bukhārā-ye man, il-e man and his other works published in Persian)."
Bahmanbeigi was the author of the titles Bokharaye man iele man and Agar gharghaj nabood.
Bahmanbeigi and his work are the subject of two films. 2003's White Tents, by Kamran Heidari, competed in the Documentary category at the 2005 Tehran Short Film Competition. In 2008, Iranian director Mohammad-Ali Talebi announced plans to film a second Bahmanbeigi biopic. In 2005 the Iranian Academy of the Arts publicized the holding of a "glorification ceremony" to commemorate Bahmanbeigi.
Death
On 1 May 2010 Mohammad Bahmanbeigi died in Shiraz, Iran. He was 90.
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, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp 143-182
Date: 23 Oct 2012
A Meta-Analysis on the Anxiety-Reducing Effects of Acute and Chronic Exercise
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Summary
The relationship between exercise and anxiety has been extensively examined over the last 15 years. Three separate meta-analyses were conducted to quantitatively review the exercise-anxiety literature for state anxiety, trait anxiety and psychophysiological correlates of anxiety. Such a procedure allows tendencies of the research to be characterised.
The results substantiate the claim that exercise is associated with reductions in anxiety, but only for aerobic forms of exercise. These effects were generally independent of both subject (i.e. age and health status) and descriptive characteristics. Numerous design characteristics were different, but these differences were not uniform across the 3 meta-analyses. For state anxiety, exercise was associated with reduced anxiety, but had effects similar to other known anxiety-reducing treatments (e.g. relaxation). The trait anxiety meta-analysis revealed that random assignment was important for achieving larger effects when compared to the use of intact groups. Training programmes also need to exceed 10 weeks before significant changes in trait anxiety occur. For psychophysiological correlates, cardiovascular measures of anxiety (e.g. blood pressure, heart rate) yielded significantly smaller effects than did other measures (e.g. EMG, EEG).
The only variable that was significant across all 3 meta-analyses was exercise duration. Exercise of at least 21 minutes seems necessary to achieve reductions in state and trait anxiety, but there were variables confounding this relationship. As such, it remains to be seen what the minimum duration is necessary for anxiety reduction. Although exercise offers therapeutic benefits for reducing anxiety without the dangers or costs of drug therapy or psychotherapy, it remains to be determined precisely why exercise is associated with reductions in anxiety. Since several mechanisms may be operating simultaneously, future research should be designed with the idea of testing interactions between these mechanisms.
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Markets underprice coronavirus risk: UBS chairman on Bloomberg TV
VIENNA (Reuters) - Markets are underpricing the risk that the coronavirus outbreak poses to the global economy, and central banks need to help business survive the impact of the virus, the chairman of Swiss lender UBS (UBSG.S), Axel Weber, said. “There is going to be quite a bit of impact that is going to go beyond the first quarter and that is where fiscal response, providing businesses with some tax relievers, some emergency funding, that is going to be very important for putting businesses through,” Weber said in a Bloomberg TV interview. Chinese and other central banks in Asia have room to maneuver that goes beyond just adjusting interest rates, he said. “They run a pretty tight system of controls on investment quotas and they could liberalize that temporarily and try to get investments going,” Weber said. Reporting by Kirsti Knolle; Editing by Frances Kerry
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