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Making WordPress.org
Opened 5 months ago
Closed 4 months ago
#7613 closed feature request (wontfix)
Support always returning a beta or RC in core API version check
Reported by: johnbillion's profile johnbillion Owned by:
Milestone: Priority: normal
Component: API Keywords:
Cc:
Description
Previously: #5412.
I think I am correct in saying that a version-check API request that includes channel=beta|rc only responds with a beta or RC if we're currently within the beta or RC window. Outside of that it responds with stable releases only.
Ref: adding support for beta and rc to the `wp core download|update` commands.
For example, a request to https://api.wordpress.org/core/version-check/1.7/?version=6.4.0&channel=rc currently only returns 6.5.2 stable and 6.4.4 stable, but no RC. I was expecting it to return the latest RC in the 6.5 branch regardless of whether it has since gone stable.
Is that something that could be supported? The main reason I'm asking is because in order to implement this in WP-CLI and make it testable, we need to be able to perform an API request which always responds with a beta or RC offer.
Change History (5)
#1 @afragen
5 months ago
@johnbillion it should return a 6.5.3-RC when this is available as this is higher than the current release. It will not provide an offer that is a lower version.
Am I misunderstanding?
#2 @johnbillion
5 months ago
Ah I see. I hadn't considered beta and RC for point releases.
So I guess my question is, outside of a beta or RC window (ie. when there is a higher version stable available), is there no way to fetch an older beta or RC?
What I am aiming to do is allow WP-CLI to facilitate an installation being on a beta or RC channel. As we're not currently within a beta or RC window I'm unable to get a response from the w.org API which includes a beta or RC offer.
#3 @afragen
5 months ago
I think using WP-CLI is the only consistent method, but you would need to know the specific version.
I don’t believe the API will return outdated beta or RC offers.
Last edited 5 months ago by afragen (previous) (diff)
#4 @Otto42
5 months ago
channel=development and/or channel=branch-development will give you alphas/nightlies, if that helps.
#5 @dd32
4 months ago
• Resolution set to wontfix
• Status changed from new to closed
For example, a request to https://api.wordpress.org/core/version-check/1.7/?version=6.4.0&channel=rc currently only returns 6.5.2 stable and 6.4.4 stable, but no RC. I was expecting it to return the latest RC in the 6.5 branch regardless of whether it has since gone stable.
Is that something that could be supported? The main reason I'm asking is because in order to implement this in WP-CLI and make it testable, we need to be able to perform an API request which always responds with a beta or RC offer.
Personally; no, this isn't something that should be supported. The API only returns the "latest" releases according to the request, a 6.4.5-RC would be "latest" for that despite 6.5 being released, but once 6.5 goes stable 6.5-RC should never be returned.
For wp-cli testing, it should mock API responses IMHO, it can't rely upon the public API.
Note: See TracTickets for help on using tickets. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Bally Records
Bally Recording Corporation, commonly known as Bally Records, was a record label based in Chicago, Illinois. It was a subsidiary of slot machine and pinball maker Bally Manufacturing. The parent company saw and filled a need to supply records to the juke box industry. The record division was launched in 1955 with much publicity, in such publications as Billboard Magazine, with Chicago entertainer, Lou Breese named as executive vice president. It was short lived and the last records were produced in 1957. As was usual at the time, records were issued in three speeds: 33$1⁄3$, 45, and 78 rpm. Sparton Records of Canada released several Bally records in that country. The best known record issued on Bally is "I Dreamed" by Betty Johnson (Bally 1020), which peaked on the Billboard Hot 100 at No. 9 early in 1957.
Artists
* Betty Johnson
* Bob Carroll
* Caesar Giovannini
* Claude Bolling
* David Bee & His Orchestra
* Ike Cole
* Ted Weems
* Thurl Ravenscroft
* Win Stracke
* Lou Breese
* The Highlights | WIKI |
Assembling assemblies
In last month’s column, I presented an overview of .NET, looking at its structure and contents. This month, I want to look in more detail at .NET assemblies: what they are, why they matter and what you can do with them. I’ll be illustrating these concepts using some simple C# code and the tools supplied with both the .NET Framework and the .NET Framework SDK. First, though, an update on the current release status of the .NET Framework.
Assembling assemblies
Between the time I submitted my first column and this one, Microsoft has released the latest version of the .NET Framework, .NET 2, along with Visual Studio 2005 and SQL Server 2005. Last month, I gave you some pointers to the relevant downloads, some of which may have now changed, so I’ve set up a new page at www.reskit.net, which contains all the URLs I’ll be referring to in each article. These URLs are updated whenever necessary, so they should be up to date. I’ll also be including additional pointers to more information, code snippets and anything else I can think of that you might find useful.
Assembly Basics
Before diving into how assemblies work, I think it’s useful to talk a little about how Windows loads programs and how .NET fits into the scheme of things. The Windows loader is an OS component that’s responsible for loading an executable program into memory and starting it running – a vital component that we tend to take for granted. In the Win32 environment, files that are executable – that is, EXE and DLL files – have a common internal format known as Portable Execution, or PE, format.
The ‘portable’ bit refers to the fact that at one time executable files could run on multiple platforms, so a common file format was needed. The PE format initially came from the VAX world, but was adopted for Windows NT. The basic PE format was first devised in the days of MS-DOS, over 30 years ago, but has been modified over time, and for .NET and 64-bit Windows it’s undergone further modifications. (While most things have moved on, it’s interesting that the first two bytes of any PE file still contain the characters ‘MZ’ after Mark Zbikowski, one of the original DOS architects.)
PE files start off with a small section of MS-DOS executable code, which was useful in the early days of Windows: if you tried to run a Windows executable on a machine without Windows loaded, the program could display a message pointing out that Windows was required. For more information about the PE format, see msdn.microsoft.com and msdn.microsoft.com
With that bit of background in place, what exactly is an assembly and why does it play a key role in the .NET architecture? An assembly is a unit of program code that you build and deploy as a single unit – much like a traditional EXE or DLL file. The assembly is the key unit of deployment under .NET, and an assembly is also a security boundary, in that you can grant permissions at the level of the single assembly (I’ll be covering .NET security more fully in a later article or articles). Figure 1 shows the contents of a typical assembly, which includes:
Assembly metadata: information that describes the assembly in detail.
Type metadata: information about the types this assembly implements.
Code: this is MS Interpreted Language (MSIL) code that implements the types defined in this assembly. MSIL code is compiled to native code by the Just-in-Time compiler whenever the application is run. As I’ll be covering this in a future article, you can also use the ngen.exe utility to compile an assembly into native code that resides in the Global Assembly Cache (GAC).
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Todays Highlights
How to See Google Search History
how to download photos from google photos | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:American martial arts films
American martial arts films, a subgenre of action films that feature numerous martial arts fights between characters. | WIKI |
Page:Henry Adams' History of the United States Vol. 4.djvu/58
48 there can be no advantage in pursuing a discussion which you are not authorized to conclude; and I shall have only to regret that the disposition of his Majesty to terminate that difference amicably and satisfactorily is for the present rendered unavailing.
* "In that case his Majesty, in pursuance of the disposition of which he has given such signal proofs, will lose no time in sending a minister to America, furnished with the necessary instructions and powers for bringing this unfortunate dispute to a conclusion consistent with the harmony subsisting between Great Britain and the United States; but in order to avoid the inconvenience which has arisen from the mixed nature of your instructions, that minister will not be empowered to entertain, as connected with this subject, any proposition respecting the search of merchant-vessels."
Monroe replied, September 29, that his instructions were explicit, and that he could not separate the two questions. He closed by saying that Canning's disposition and sentiments had been such as inspired him with great confidence that they should soon have been able to bring the dispute to an honorable and satisfactory conclusion. With this letter so far as concerned Monroe, the "Chesapeake" incident came to its end in failure of redress.
One more subject remained for Monroe to finish. His unfortunate treaty returned by Madison with a long list of changes and omissions, had been made by Monroe and Pinkney the subject of a letter to | WIKI |
The gap between the Cubs and the Nationals might not be much, but it feels like a chasm - Chicago Tribune
There is reason to lament, as the final three weeks of the season approach, what might have been for the Washington Nationals. But what's more pertinent and productive is to look across to the opposite dugout this weekend at Nationals Park, consider the visiting Chicago Cubs, understand that they have passed the Nationals in terms of both hardware and consistency, and wonder: Can the home team keep up? Not in this series. But in seasons to come. We think [in] 2018, we had the roster and ability to win the championship, general manager Mike Rizzo said this week. We feel that in 2019 we're going to go into spring training with the same approach. The same approach has yielded zero playoff series in the franchise's history. Plus, given this year's missed opportunity - exacerbated by injury, sure, but also the result of underperformance on the field, in the dugout and by the front office - the past four seasons have delivered as many whiffs as division titles, two apiece. The Cubs? Their rebuild ended in 2015, when they won 97 games and the wild-card game, then reached the National League Championship Series, then won the World Series the following year. They're closing in on their third division title in a row. Should the Dodgers miss the playoffs for the first time since 2012 - Los Angeles entered the weekend trailing in both the division and wild-card races - then the Cubs will be the sport's most consistent franchise. How? Pitching and defense, manager Joe Maddon said Thursday, and that much is obvious. But there's more than that, and Maddon knows it. There's feel involved, Maddon said. Feel is real. Believe me, it is. The Nationals, as an organization, lack feel. Whenever the trajectory of the Nationals as a franchise is considered - not whether they're ascending or imploding in a given season, but where they fit in the sport over a period of time - it's easiest to go back to 2012. That's when they won the first of their four division titles. That's when they became a trendy pick to win the World Series. That's when they felt confident enough in their future that they shut down their ace to protect his health, sure, but also because they believed - they knew - they'd be back. The record over that long haul looks impressive. Entering this weekend, only the Dodgers have more regular-season wins than Washington over the past seven seasons. That can't happen by accident. It's evidence of a solid foundation in both scouting and player development, and that period is marked by a litany of important trades by Rizzo. But seven seasons is an athletic lifetime. The lens is too wide. Focus in, and we get a better sense of what's going on right now - and what might be to come in the near future. Since 2015 - still the most epic version of Nationals dysfunction, because the head-in-the-sand manager didn't realize the closer was choking the soon-to-be-MVP at the other end of the dugout - the Nationals rank behind the following teams in regular-season wins: Cubs, Dodgers, Red Sox, Astros, Indians, Yankees and Cardinals. Now, the Cubs have good, homegrown players: Kris Bryant and Kyle Schwarber and Javy Baez and Willson Contreras, among others. When they were losing 100 games, they made shrewd trades - just as the Nats did - for prospects who are now pieces: Addison Russell and Kyle Hendricks and Pedro Strop and Carl Edwards Jr. and others. Their missteps in free agency - Yu Darvish, Jason Heyward - have been overcome not only by exceptional organizational depth, but by exceptional organizational attitude and aura. Sure, Chicago has not yet had to go through the attrition, via free agency, Washington has. The Cubs' most significant free agent in the upcoming offseason? Maybe Daniel Murphy, the second baseman they acquired last month from, ahem, the Nats. Or reliever Justin Wilson. Or, if they don't exercise a $20-million club option, lefty Cole Hamels, who came via a midseason trade. That lists none of their core pieces. Zero. More than that, though, is the environment. Over the past few years, it's hard to spend time around the Cubs, which I have, and not notice a difference from the Nationals. I've always felt the messiness of Washington's clubhouse has been overstated elsewhere. But that doesn't mean there aren't places that just, to use Maddon's word, feel better. Pitching and defense? Sure. But . . . Before that comes a culture and an attitude and a believability on a daily basis, Maddon said. There's a selflessness. There's all these leadership kind of words that I think are true. The group that doesn't believe that is because they've never had to do that. Kind of a you-mock-what-you-don't-understand kind of a thing. What happens first? Chemistry or the winning? Everybody says, 'Well, if you win, you've got this [chemistry].' False. If you've never won before, you've got to do something to create that method that everybody in that room believes that you can. Maddon is kind of a walking, talking version of one of those inspirational posters that show a portrait of a bald eagle with an all-caps word below - EXCELLENCE or OPTIMISM or whatever. Roll your eyes if you want. For him, it works. For the Cubs, it has worked. In the Nationals dugout, holding Maddon's position for Washington, is of course Dave Martinez, Maddon's longtime understudy. If anything is clear from this season, it's that sitting at Maddon's side does not make Martinez another Maddon through osmosis. Still, he has a window into what works. They put the pieces together, and they were consistent every year, Martinez said of the Cubs. That's something we need to get better at. We're young. But we need to get better at being consistent. Consistency is a difficult thing to preach when you're the fourth manager in six seasons, and when the preamble to your hiring contained the following edict from Rizzo, your new boss: Winning a lot of regular-season games and winning divisions is not enough. What, then, is losing more games than you win and coming in third in the division? The feeling throughout baseball is that Washington has a palpable disconnect between the front office and ownership. Rizzo, when asked this week, dutifully points out that the Lerner family routinely affords the club the payroll necessary to compete for championships. That's true. The 2019 roster, even if superstar Bryce Harper walks away in free agency, has Max Scherzer and Stephen Strasburg and Anthony Rendon and Trea Turner and Juan Soto and Victor Robles and Sean Doolittle and Ryan Zimmerman. Not bad. So this isn't a wayward franchise. But man, it's an odd one. It also is no longer close to the consistent, regular-season standard it once seemed. The Nationals are now chasing the Cubs - and the Dodgers, and the Astros, and some others - in that regard. Whether they catch up and surpass them again will have to do with personnel and roster-building, Rizzo's strengths. It's increasingly obvious, though, it'll also have to do with feel - in the owner's box, in the front office, in the dugout and the clubhouse. That, it's clear, is an organizational weakness. CONNECT TRIBUNE PUBLISHING COMPANY INFO Copyright 2020, Chicago Tribune | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
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AACR Special Conference: SNPs, haplotypes, and cancer – applications in molecular epidemiology, Key Biscayne, Florida, USA, 13–17 September 2003
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Abstract
This American Association for Cancer Research Special Conference brought together scientists with diverse expertise to address issues related to use of appropriate epidemiological, statistical, and laboratory methods to study the genetic epidemiology of cancer. Discussions focused on experiences with association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms and haplotypes, their limitations, and what is needed to improve on the current 'state of the art'. Various studies were presented in different contexts, ranging from candidate gene studies to whole genome scans, and conducted in prospective cohorts, case–control studies, and other study designs. Common problems such as determining the probability that observed associations are false negative or false positive, the potential effects of admixture, and determining which polymorphisms to examine in which genes and in which populations were examined. Problems specific to haplotype analysis were discussed, with emphasis on haplotype block structures and on how to use haplotypes in analysis. Questions were also posed as to determining the functional relevance of single nucleotide polymorphisms in molecular epidemiology. Finally, future directions, using specific examples, were addressed.
Introduction
In their letter to conference attendees, Drs Timothy Rebbeck, Fred Kadlubar, and Christine Ambrosone proposed three main questions as aims to be targeted in the Special Conference. First, what have we learned from association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? Second, what have we been unable to accomplish and why? Finally, what approaches are required to improve the state of the science?
The conference was aimed primarily at epidemiologists who are either performing association studies with SNPs and haplotypes, or who are planning to do so in the near future.
Keynote talks
John D Potter (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA) and Charles R Cantor (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA) were the keynote speakers. Dr Potter gave a general introduction to SNPs and haplotypes, emphasizing that using the haplotype strategy reduces the amount of genotyping necessary and increases the power of a study. However, he proposed that most studies conducted today have limited power to detect low penetrance risk alleles, or complex gene–environment interactions. He proposed 'the last cohort', which would consist of at least half a million ethnically diverse individuals. Cell lines should be established and incident tumor samples would need to be collected. This sort of approach would be able to answer questions about association in most common diseases and to address various interactions. However, this approach may still have low power to detect associations in complex diseases with diverse subtypes.
Dr Cantor presented data from population-based association studies, in which he constructed DNA pools to assess allele frequencies in the case and control groups. The pools were then genotyped in whole genome scans using 30,000 to 60,000 markers. This method allows analysis of the distribution of genotype frequencies between the two populations. Samples are very carefully separated into different groups, whether this is by case–control status or even within subsets based on molecular or environmental descriptions. Then, each pool is genotyped for a panel of SNPs, covering the entire genome. If any evidence of association is discovered, then individual samples can be genotyped to confirm the association.
Current paradigms for SNP studies
Stephen J O'Brien (National Cancer Institute [NCI], Frederick, MD, USA) presented his views on mapping by admixture linkage disequilibrium as a shortcut to multifactorial and complex disease gene discovery. By studying diseases that exhibit different incidence between ethnicities, in admixed populations linkage disquilibrium may be extensive around genes associated with the disease.
Choosing suitable genetic markers was a subject touched upon by both Sholom Wacholder (NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA) and Joel N Hirschhorn (Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA). Both presented material showing that good selection not only of markers but also of diseases in which to study these markers affects the likelihood that a study will yield a false-negative or false-positive finding. A common thread was that associations must be found repeatedly if they are to be believed, and it is difficult to determine when enough evidence is enough.
Genetics and population structure in cancer gene identification
Haplotypes are regarded as important tools not only in association studies but also in evolutionary biology. Daniel O Stram (University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA) presented current thinking on the use of haplotypes in association studies, including determining haplotype tagging SNPs, or those SNPs that describe all the haplotypic variation present across a region of the genome within a particular population.
Population substructure was the topic of discussion for both Jonathan Pritchard (University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA) and Rick A Kittles (Howard University, Washington, DC, USA). Given that certain diseases are more common in some populations than in others, it is possible that differences between cases and controls in the mix of ethnicities can lead to spurious associations. By analyzing markers that differ between ethnicities, but are not likely to be associated with disease, it is possible to detect the degree of confounding by ethnicity, or population stratification, that is present in a study.
David Balding (Imperial College, London, UK) presented the idea of using haplotypes in fine-scale mapping of disease susceptibility loci. This is accomplished by reconstructing the evolutionary history of the haplotypes in the case population. Although these methods are becoming more computationally feasible, they are still very computer intensive. Future directions include multistage designs to combine information from haplotype tagging SNP selection and the full case-control study, incorporation of block structures of haplotypes and their inherent uncertainty, allowing for population structure, and combining associations and sharing of genetic variation between phenotype.
Applying high throughput SNP technology to epidemiologic studies
SNP assays must be carefully designed because, as Dr Meredith Yeager (NCI, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) pointed out, adjacent SNPs may exist in the region of a targeted SNP that may interfere with primer or probe hybridization and cause misclassification of results. Once SNPs are selected, they must be genotyped in large numbers of samples. Dr Stephen Chanock (NCI, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) described his experience running a core genotyping facility. Robotics and laboratory information management systems are essential to limit errors in sample handling and processing, as well as in data collection and management. As a collaborating site in the HapMap project, Dr Stacey Gabriel (Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA) applies high throughput technology in genotyping, and described genotyping platforms applicable to the large sizes of studies currently being proposed.
One method of reducing time and cost of whole genome association studies is to pool samples together, as presented by Eric Lai (GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). By creating well defined pools, allele frequencies for hundreds of samples can be determined, and case prevalence compared with control prevalence. Care must be taken to have homogeneous samples within a pool, in order to limit error. Although pooling could be a good screening tool for determining candidate regions or SNPs for disease association, it is limited because of the rigidity of pools. For instance, it would be difficult to remove one or more individuals from a pool because they changed phenotype or withdrew consent to be included in a study.
Pak Sham (Social, Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK) also pointed out that pooling samples constitutes an initial screen and can not replace individual genotyping. Also, accurate DNA quantification is essential to ensure that each individual is equally contributing allele information to the entire pool.
Strategies for selecting SNPs and haplotypes
dbSNP http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/SNP is one of the main repositories of SNP information on the internet. Stephen Sherry (National Center for Biotechnology Information, Bethesda, MD, USA) presented its content. The database is searchable and can be downloaded in its entirety if so desired. Obvious candidate SNPs to study would be those that regulate gene expression. Allelic imbalance, or unequal expression of allelic transcripts, could provide evidence of this. Thomas Hudson (McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada) described how polymorphisms that effect splicing of mRNA or transcription/translation of the gene product could be responsible for such an effect, as well as those that alter mRNA or protein stability. SNPs creating allelic imbalance are of added interest, considering that they may alter the possibility that a SNP that changes some aspect of protein function is not be expressed, therefore potentially negating its effect.
One factor effecting the selection of SNPs to study is allele frequency. A common theory in genetic epidemiology is that risk for common disease is associated with common alleles. Gilles Thomas (Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain [CEPH], Paris, France), proposed that this may not always hold true, especially in instances where a large number of rare SNPs in one gene convey risk for disease.
A previously mentioned tool that could prove useful in selecting SNPs to use in studies would be to focus on those that differ in allele frequency between populations. These are SNPs that may have been under some sort of evolutionary selective pressure and therefore alter some aspect of disease risk. Anthony Brookes (Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden) has been cataloguing these SNPs. He is also finding that 'duplicons' (regions of the genome that are either exactly repeated or are highly homologous to other regions) can give rise to spurious interindividual variation. Increasing the complexity is the possibility that interindividual variation (polymorphisms) can indeed occur in such regions, but because of duplication an individual could have other than the normal one or two copies of a particular sequence. Carefully designed assays can determine the cause of variation seen in duplicons once they are known to be present.
Determining the functional relevance of human SNPs in molecular epidemiology
Only a small fraction of the many tens of thousands of genes already discovered in the human genome have a known function. Considering this, determining the effect on gene function or regulation for all of the SNPs in those genes have is a truly daunting task. Tim Hubbard (Welcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK) described the Ensembl database, which is designed to draw together information from many sources and automatically annotate gene function and the variation present in each gene.
Although determining the functional significance of SNPs in proteins in general is not straightforward, it can be considerably easier for those genes involved in drug metabolism. Genetic variation in drug metabolism was known before the genes actually encoding the responsible enzymes were discovered. The field of pharmacogenomics addresses the issues of such variation and hopes to describe the interindividual differences in response to therapeutic drugs. Additionally, genetic differences between tumors can affect the way in which cancer responds to therapy. Richard Weinshilboum (Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA) described the history of genetic polymorphisms in genes related to drug metabolism, specifically the sulfotransferase enzymes. William E Evans (St. Jude Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA) discussed differences in response to chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gareth Morgan (University of Leeds, Leeds, UK) reported that personalized medicine is coming, taking into consideration germ line (inherited) or tumor (somatic) mutations that determine response to a particular treatment, and that side effects as well as end-points and survival must be taken into consideration when designing clinical studies.
Future directions for SNPs, haplotypes, and cancer
Specific examples of large epidemiological studies relating SNPs and haplotypes to cancer were presented by Nat Rothman (NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA) and David Hunter (Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA). The Interlymph Study (non-Hodgkins lymphoma) and the NCI Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium are two of the largest, most ambitious cohort studies ever undertaken. Both aim to tackle the problems of determining gene–environment interaction by increasing sample size. This increase is carried out by collaborations with many centers, each with comparable data sets, within the framework of prospective cohorts.
Daniela Seminara (NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA) presented the funding mechanisms at the NCI specifically for collaboration between groups under the Epidemiology and Genetics Research Program. The main purpose of the NCI in these endeavors is to not only provide monetary support but also to provide support in building the infrastructure necessary to carry out such large collaborations successfully.
DeCode Genetics Inc, (Reykjavik, Iceland) has been collecting and genotyping individuals from Iceland with various outcomes, including cancers, and comparing the data with those from healthy individuals. Because of its history of isolation and good record keeping, the genealogy of most people in Iceland is known, and detailed family trees can be drawn. Although this approach will be useful in detecting risk alleles in the population of Iceland, the probability that any risk alleles will be due to founder effect is fairly high, and therefore they may be of limited significance outside Iceland.
Conclusion
The conference ended with a great feeling of success. Those who had little or no experience and exposure to use of SNPs and haplotypes in epidemiology came away with a better understanding of how to go about setting up such studies, and how to interpret studies in the literature. The substantial methodologic difficulties existing in this area were outlined and guidelines were laid out, fueled in part by recent collaborations such as Interlymph and the NCI Cohort Breast and Prostate Cancer Consortium, on how to design, conduct, and analyze data from large, collaborative efforts.
Abbreviations
NCI:
National Cancer Institute
SNP:
single nucleotide polymorphism.
Author information
Correspondence to David G Cox.
Additional information
Competing interests
None declared.
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Keywords
• cancer
• haplotypes
• molecular epidemiology
• single nucleotide polymorphisms | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Reference desk/Archives/Mathematics/June 2008
= June 1 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 1
* 1) what's the diffrent with prism and Pyramid
* 2) Division in matrices
* 3) Sine Operations
* 4) Factorial
= June 2 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 2
* 1) Quasiconvex subgroups of a finitely generated group
* 2) Complex cube root
* 3) A series
* 4) Three-dimensional geometry question
= June 3 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 3
* 1) Non measurable sets having continuous boundaries
* 2) Set Notation, bis
* 3) question about equations and expressions
= June 4 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 4
* 1) Laws of Cosines
* 2) ax^n+bx+c
* 3) A Mathematical Puzzle
= June 5 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 5
* 1) Limits
* 2) This was placed on the science desk..you guys might be able to answer it
* 3) Operator
= June 6 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 6
* 1) Quotient of an algebraic expression?
* 2) Evolution
* 3) I need to use this equality but I can't without knowing it's true.
* 4) .999...=1
= June 7 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 7
* 1) How small can small get?
= June 9 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 9
* 1) 20th Century Maths
* 2) question about equations
* 3) Arc square
* 4) confused
* 5) power series - integral at infinty
= June 10 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 10
* 1) constans and variables
* 2) 2 envelopes and game theory
* 3) decimal expansion
* 4) news paper maths
= June 11 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 11
* 1) Accounting Formula
* 2) Paired trinomial test?
* 3) Development of geometry
* 4) numbers
* 5) subleading order
= June 12 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 12
* 1) Square Footage Conversion
* 2) Farkas' lemma
* 3) Simple Divisibility Proof
* 4) 1020
* 5) Some Algebra Simplification
* 6) fuzzy hyperplanes
* 7) Matrix notation
* 8) Square of squares
* 9) A formula for the cube of a complex number
* 10) Question about product rule-calculus
* 11) Π (film)
= June 13 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 13
* 1) Mandelbrot set
* 2) Second Order Differntial Equation
= June 14 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 14
* 1) Shift registers
* 2) I need more help translating currency
* 3) hypergeometric series??
= June 15 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 15
* 1) solution of a Diophantine equation
* 2) question about inequalities
* 3) Inequality
* 4) Euler-Lagrange equations - The inverse problem
* 5) Will they ever give up on this pi thing?
= June 16 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 16
* 1) trigonometry
* 2) Mensuration
* 3) Image of a set
* 4) antiderivative.. help!
* 5) Percentages help
= June 17 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 17
* 1) Arithmetic
* 2) Cube Root
* 3) -3^2 = ?
* 4) ^ vs **
= June 18 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 18
* 1) Constant rule of differentiation
* 2) cubic metres, cubic kilometers
* 3) Random numbers
= June 19 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 19
* 1) Infinite Series Involving Prime Numbers
* 2) Maths (Indian mathematicians)
* 3) Meaning of Exponent In Trigonometric Expressions?
* 4) savant mathématicien
= June 21 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 21
* 1) Differentiation
= June 22 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 22
* 1) Brahmagupta's formula
= June 23 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 23
* 1) Probability
* 2) Polynomials
* 3) Chi-squared question
* 4) Regarding the Wiki article on Markov chains
* 5) square roots and cube roots.
= June 24 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 24
* 1) Divergent Series
* 2) More on Diverging Series
= June 25 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 25
* 1) Frey curves and Integer Equations
* 2) Logarithm of a sum?
= June 26 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 26
* 1) what is the solution to this
* 2) Fractional Coloring
* 3) Logic
* 4) Straightness
* 5) Matrix definition
= June 27 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 27
* 1) Optimization
* 2) Hektar (ha) conversions?
* 3) Estimating Median in finite space
* 4) Compact closed intervals in the order topology
* 5) Cartesian from Distance/Angle/Dihedral
* 6) Question on percentiles
= June 28 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 28
* 1) Closed Form Formula
* 2) Question about Floor and ceiling functions and INT(x) in computers etc
* 3) Calculating infinite series fractions sum
= June 29 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 29
* 1) Very very hard problem
* 2) About limits
* 3) Quick question.
* 4) A tricky one-to-one correspondence problem
= June 30 = Reference_desk/Archives/Mathematics/2008 June 30
* 1) point inside tetrahedron | WIKI |
Create in DHCP server option 060 for PXE
Hi!
When you create a WDS server out of your DHCP server the server option 60 in dhcp for PXE do not exists. To make it do the following steps:
Open a command prompt with elevated privileges and writte:
NETSH
NETHSH>DHCP
NETHSH>server \\NameOfDHCPServer
NETHSH>add optiondef 60 PXEClient String 0 comment=”Option added for PXE Support”
NETHSH>set optionvalue 60 STRING PXEClient
NETHSH>show optionvalue all
NETHSH>exit
next step in my case is add 066 option to say whicc is the WDS server.
I hope it help you!
Regards
Steps to migrate DHCP from 2003 to 2008 R2
Hi all!
I´m going to migrate a DHCP 2003 x86 to 2008 R2 and these are the steps to do:
Export db on 2003:
• Netsh dhcp server export c:\dhcpdb.dat all
• Unauthorize DHCP
Import db on 2008 R2:
• Copy the dhcpdb.dat file to a local disk
• Netsh dhcp server import c:\dhcpdb.dat all
• Authorize DHCP
If you are moving dhcp on servers with diferents languages, when you import the db you will obtain an error (Error while importing class “Default BOOTP Class”. This class conflicts with the existing class “Default BOOTP Class”). You can find the solution here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/885687/es
Regards!!
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Back to the main site
Lutris not finding executable
Hey guys. So, im having issues with lutris in my machine. It can seem to succesfully install any game that runs originally on windows. Last one ive been trying was cod4, which I own on cd. I followed every step on the install and at the end of it, it says it cant find the .exe file in the game install folder
Then when I try to launch the game ofc it doesnt work but also the programm freezes
Using: AMD Vega 8 graphics, Opensuse Leap 15.2
Edit: tried a simpler install to show as an example, in this case, origin launcher:
The executable at path /home/nacho/Games/origin/drive_c/Program Files (x86)/Origin/Origin.exe can’t be found, please check the destination folder.
Some parts of the installation process may have not completed successfully.
Perhaps you could check your script contains valid references to path names and that aliases have been defined to be used on your Linux drive.
This might be related, from Linux_Andy:
The problem with COD installer is that Wine does not update the disc label after swapping discs and the drive letter will still have CoD1 as the label (in Wine config and Explorer) even though CoD2 is in the drive. The installer seems to check the label before it’s contents and that’s why it fails.
The easiest way I have found is to swap discs in wine configuration so that the drive letter stays the same and the label is correct for the second DVD before continuing on.
Probably most installers just check the contents on the swapped disc so these are trouble free. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
No BSD License
image thumbnail
CON2VERT - constraints to vertices
by
Michael Kleder (view profile)
22 Jun 2005 (Updated )
Convert convex constraint inequalities into a set of vertices; i.e., polygon "vertex enumeration."
con2vert(A,b)
function [V,nr] = con2vert(A,b)
% CON2VERT - convert a convex set of constraint inequalities into the set
% of vertices at the intersections of those inequalities;i.e.,
% solve the "vertex enumeration" problem. Additionally,
% identify redundant entries in the list of inequalities.
%
% V = con2vert(A,b)
% [V,nr] = con2vert(A,b)
%
% Converts the polytope (convex polygon, polyhedron, etc.) defined by the
% system of inequalities A*x <= b into a list of vertices V. Each ROW
% of V is a vertex. For n variables:
% A = m x n matrix, where m >= n (m constraints, n variables)
% b = m x 1 vector (m constraints)
% V = p x n matrix (p vertices, n variables)
% nr = list of the rows in A which are NOT redundant constraints
%
% NOTES: (1) This program employs a primal-dual polytope method.
% (2) In dimensions higher than 2, redundant vertices can
% appear using this method. This program detects redundancies
% at up to 6 digits of precision, then returns the
% unique vertices.
% (3) Non-bounding constraints give erroneous results; therefore,
% the program detects non-bounding constraints and returns
% an error. You may wish to implement large "box" constraints
% on your variables if you need to induce bounding. For example,
% if x is a person's height in feet, the box constraint
% -1 <= x <= 1000 would be a reasonable choice to induce
% boundedness, since no possible solution for x would be
% prohibited by the bounding box.
% (4) This program requires that the feasible region have some
% finite extent in all dimensions. For example, the feasible
% region cannot be a line segment in 2-D space, or a plane
% in 3-D space.
% (5) At least two dimensions are required.
% (6) See companion function VERT2CON.
% (7) ver 1.0: initial version, June 2005
% (8) ver 1.1: enhanced redundancy checks, July 2005
% (9) Written by Michael Kleder
%
% EXAMPLES:
%
% % FIXED CONSTRAINTS:
% A=[ 0 2; 2 0; 0.5 -0.5; -0.5 -0.5; -1 0];
% b=[4 4 0.5 -0.5 0]';
% figure('renderer','zbuffer')
% hold on
% [x,y]=ndgrid(-3:.01:5);
% p=[x(:) y(:)]';
% p=(A*p <= repmat(b,[1 length(p)]));
% p = double(all(p));
% p=reshape(p,size(x));
% h=pcolor(x,y,p);
% set(h,'edgecolor','none')
% set(h,'zdata',get(h,'zdata')-1) % keep in back
% axis equal
% V=con2vert(A,b);
% plot(V(:,1),V(:,2),'y.')
%
% % RANDOM CONSTRAINTS:
% A=rand(30,2)*2-1;
% b=ones(30,1);
% figure('renderer','zbuffer')
% hold on
% [x,y]=ndgrid(-3:.01:3);
% p=[x(:) y(:)]';
% p=(A*p <= repmat(b,[1 length(p)]));
% p = double(all(p));
% p=reshape(p,size(x));
% h=pcolor(x,y,p);
% set(h,'edgecolor','none')
% set(h,'zdata',get(h,'zdata')-1) % keep in back
% axis equal
% set(gca,'color','none')
% V=con2vert(A,b);
% plot(V(:,1),V(:,2),'y.')
%
% % HIGHER DIMENSIONS:
% A=rand(15,5)*1000-500;
% b=rand(15,1)*100;
% V=con2vert(A,b)
%
% % NON-BOUNDING CONSTRAINTS (ERROR):
% A=[0 1;1 0;1 1];
% b=[1 1 1]';
% figure('renderer','zbuffer')
% hold on
% [x,y]=ndgrid(-3:.01:3);
% p=[x(:) y(:)]';
% p=(A*p <= repmat(b,[1 length(p)]));
% p = double(all(p));
% p=reshape(p,size(x));
% h=pcolor(x,y,p);
% set(h,'edgecolor','none')
% set(h,'zdata',get(h,'zdata')-1) % keep in back
% axis equal
% set(gca,'color','none')
% V=con2vert(A,b); % should return error
%
% % NON-BOUNDING CONSTRAINTS WITH BOUNDING BOX ADDED:
% A=[0 1;1 0;1 1];
% b=[1 1 1]';
% A=[A;0 -1;0 1;-1 0;1 0];
% b=[b;4;1000;4;1000]; % bound variables within (-1,1000)
% figure('renderer','zbuffer')
% hold on
% [x,y]=ndgrid(-3:.01:3);
% p=[x(:) y(:)]';
% p=(A*p <= repmat(b,[1 length(p)]));
% p = double(all(p));
% p=reshape(p,size(x));
% h=pcolor(x,y,p);
% set(h,'edgecolor','none')
% set(h,'zdata',get(h,'zdata')-1) % keep in back
% axis equal
% set(gca,'color','none')
% V=con2vert(A,b);
% plot(V(:,1),V(:,2),'y.','markersize',20)
%
% % JUST FOR FUN:
% A=rand(80,3)*2-1;
% n=sqrt(sum(A.^2,2));
% A=A./repmat(n,[1 size(A,2)]);
% b=ones(80,1);
% V=con2vert(A,b);
% k=convhulln(V);
% figure
% hold on
% for i=1:length(k)
% patch(V(k(i,:),1),V(k(i,:),2),V(k(i,:),3),'w','edgecolor','none')
% end
% axis equal
% axis vis3d
% axis off
% h=camlight(0,90);
% h(2)=camlight(0,-17);
% h(3)=camlight(107,-17);
% h(4)=camlight(214,-17);
% set(h(1),'color',[1 0 0]);
% set(h(2),'color',[0 1 0]);
% set(h(3),'color',[0 0 1]);
% set(h(4),'color',[1 1 0]);
% material metal
% for x=0:5:720
% view(x,0)
% drawnow
% end
c = A\b;
if ~all(A*c < b);
[c,f,ef] = fminsearch(@obj,c,'params',{A,b});
if ef ~= 1
error('Unable to locate a point within the interior of a feasible region.')
end
end
b = b - A*c;
D = A ./ repmat(b,[1 size(A,2)]);
[k,v2] = convhulln([D;zeros(1,size(D,2))]);
[k,v1] = convhulln(D);
if v2 > v1
error('Non-bounding constraints detected. (Consider box constraints on variables.)')
end
nr = unique(k(:));
G = zeros(size(k,1),size(D,2));
for ix = 1:size(k,1)
F = D(k(ix,:),:);
G(ix,:)=F\ones(size(F,1),1);
end
V = G + repmat(c',[size(G,1),1]);
[null,I]=unique(num2str(V,6),'rows');
V=V(I,:);
return
function d = obj(c,params)
A=params{1};
b=params{2};
d = A*c-b;
k=(d>=-1e-15);
d(k)=d(k)+1;
d = max([0;d]);
return
Contact us
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Vanesa Agović
Vanesa Agović (born 30 March 1996 in Berane, Montenegro) is a Montenegrin professional handball player who plays for the club ŽRK Budućnost Podgorica.
Professional career
Agović has played for the Montenegro national team, in 2012 at under-14 level, in 2013 at under-16, where they finished in 5th place at the European championship in Poland and 1st place at the Mediterranean Games held in Montenegro, in 2014 at the under-16 World Championship in Macedonia, where they were 4th, in 2015 at under-18, and in 2018 for the senior team in Tarragona, Spain), where they finished 2nd.
Before she joined Vasas SC she played for Slagels HF, Frederiksberg IF, Viborg, WHC Danilovgrad, ZKR Buducnost Podgorica.
Personal life
Her mother is the former montenegrin handball player, Maja Savić. | WIKI |
Summers M. Jack
Summers Melville Jack (July 18, 1852 – September 16, 1945) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography
Summers M. Jack was born in the Pittsburgh DMA town of Summerville, Pennsylvania. He attended Indiana Normal School. He taught school for six years. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1879 and commenced practice in Indiana, Pennsylvania. He was district attorney for Indiana County, Pennsylvania from 1884 to 1890. He was appointed a member of the board of trustees of the Indiana Normal School in 1886 and by reappointment served more than forty years. He was the chairman of the congressional conference for the twenty-first district in 1896.
Jack was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1902. He served as a member of the congressional delegation sent to the Philippine Islands in 1901 to inquire into the advisability of establishing civil government. He resumed the practice of law, and was a delegate to the 1908 Republican National Convention at Chicago. He died in Indiana, Pennsylvania, in 1945. Interment in the Oakland Cemetery in Indiana, Pennsylvania. | WIKI |
node package manager
ws-derp
Derps up your <code>send</code> channel in Socket.IO for reliably small frames.
ws-derp - Derp Up Your Socket.IO
Socket.IO is awesome - it makes Websockets practical and clean, and Just Works so you don't have to work around browser bugs. It's as essential for WebSockets, now, as jQuery would have been to us in 2002.
With Socket.IO on/emit, you're probably used to frames like this:
5:::{"name":"myFn","args":[[{"id":1,"x":2,"y":3}]]}
That's quite polite, but a lot of characters. Enter ws-derp.
ws-derp will help you derp up your message/send channel, which you probably aren't using if you do on/emit. You can hand it an api (for instance, for sending arrays of numbers), and your sockets on both server and client will understand how to create frames that look more like this:
3:::1`6~-Y`Z~
Smaller!
(See below for notes on why you might do something like this -- TL;DR: websockets are a wild west, which is why we have Socket.IO; gzipped frames are still evolving; binary encoding libs don't yet offer fallbacks like Socket.IO does; custom encoding like this is more work but can be a foolproof way of getting guaranteed-small frame sizes).
npm install ws-derp
{TinySocketApi, Coders} = require 'ws-derp'
{int_args, int_list} = Coders
ts = new TinySocketApi
serverListens:
clientNumberAnnouncement: int_args 2, (val...)->
console.log " TWO-BYTE NUMBER! OMG OMG #{ val }"
clientListens:
serverNumberList: int_list 2, (s...)->
console.log " LIST OF NUMS! OMG OMG #{ s }"
...
# get a socket.io socket somewhere
...
# take the server role on this socket
# on the client it would be: `ts.setClient( socket )`
ts.setServer( socket )
# now our listeners are hooked up, and the socket has
# been extended with the send method:
socket.serverNumberList [1234,2345,3456]
You would want to share the definition of the api - the hash passed to TinySocketApi - between client and server (I assume you're using something like Browserify).
You could customize the callbacks, but it'd be important that the keys of the clientListens and serverListens hashes, and the Coders that determine the type of the args, be the same.
In the example above, probably 3::~6++)>7
• the long function names are turned into the base-93 encoding of their alphabetic order, so serverNumberList becomes ~
• the array gets e93-encoded and turns into 6++)>7
• Socket.IO adds 3::: which means it's a raw message, as distinct from a connect, disconnect, emit, or other Socket.IO frame type.
int_args and int_list are defined in class Coders via:
int_list = (bytes, fn) ->
Coders.define_coder [[pc.a2s, pc.s2a, bytes]], fn
Where pc.a2s and s2a are function-creating-functions that take a number of bytes/chars/places and return a function for consuming that many from a sequence (string, array) and return a [parsedValue, restOfSequence] pair.
The functions are called via PackedCalls.unpacker.
PackedCalls.unpacker [someArgsConsumer, otherArgsConsumer], fn
Which creates a function that will convert its arguments using the argument consumers before passing them to the callback.
PackedCalls contains a few consumers defined at the class level, and they're used above: s2a, a2s, s2i, i2s, which are for converting arrays and integers to strings and back.
We have an Alphabet class built on the bases module, adding the ability to convert in both directions. The Conversions class has to_i and to_s methods based on a 93-character alphabet.
{Conversions} = require 'ws-derp'
{alphabet, to_i, to_s} = Conversions
#### Every Part of the Websocket Buffalo
The Websockets standard is UTF-8, and people often use it to send JSON. Socket.io uses JSON by default when you use .on() or .emit(), so that
socket.emit 'myFn', [{id:1,x:2,y:3}]
# creates websocket frames like:
5:::{"name":"myFn","args":[[{"id":1,"x":2,"y":3}]]}
That's not optimal, but it's not trying to be optimal in that sense, and doesn't need to be - the benefit of
open-socket-versus-polling is so great that optimizing the actual frames would be a waste of time for almost anyone, especially since frames are often gzipped.
And in fact for more general single-page-app projects, you're probably already using something like backbone.js that sends hashes back and forth, and you can drop websockets in as a transport and get a nice speed boost.
But for some kinds of real-time, like multiplayer games, it makes sense to have one channel that's really optimized for the core updates, like entity positions each tick.
Surely the standard supports some super-sweet methods of compression? Like JSONP? Or, hey - if you're sending numbers, real binary communication?
That's all coming - and it'll be great. Even IE10 supports sending binary data over WebSockets. And libraries like BinaryJS knit together the browsers that do support 'real' binary, and it provides good custom msgpack-based encoding with to strings.
But BinaryJS doesn't have fallbacks as of this writing, and fallbacks -- making websockets work reliably cross-browser -- is a big pain with a lot of edge cases. And cross-browser gzip is still emerging (to detect redundancy in such small messages, gzip really would need to 'remember' what it's seen in prior frames, which would be a significant increase in implementation complexity for the various browsers).
When BinaryJS comes with socket.io-like transport fallbacks, or when gzip like this is the norm in all WebSocket implementations, then far better derping will be available. We're probably only a year or two out from widespread adoption of websockets that take ArrayBuffers and blobs and such. And we're surely only a few patches away from fallbacks in the binary websockets projects, since Socket.io has them. How to best do gzip for frames in a way that can be implemented by clients is, as the link indicates, a heckofathing - but it's one that google's apparently interested in.
But at the moment, if you want to make your frames smaller with the cross-browser just-works of Socket.io, you'll have to make them smaller yourself.
You could just use .send() from the websockets standard, which socket.io also provides, and send a delimited separated sequence of updates -- for instance, two x/y pairs might be:
3:::myFn[1234,89352,123,392]
That's a lot smaller. You need to provide your own dispatch table - your own implementation of the "name":"myFn" part of the socket.io approach. A little logic, no big.
But there are still two sources of inefficiency:
1. The function name. myFn is 4 bytes long. Seems short, but how many functions are there in your API brah?? Math.pow(58, 4) functions??
2. The contents are base-10 numbers written in a base-255 medium: utf-8.
In practice we can only use from base-58 to base-93, and utf-8 is actually only base-128 for our purposes, but any of that would be quite an improvement on base-10! (Oooh, and the ws Quake encodes into 2-character pairs - very smart).
gzip would whittle down the improvement with larger message bodies, but the nature of websocket frames is that they'll likely be smallish and frequent.
So that's what I played around with.
None of this is necessary. Really.
It's comforting to know the exact size of the messages we send. We can start reasoning on what's possible, and make informed tradeoffs re: number of messages and their weight and number of clients.
But the conversions code - I'd have probably used msgpack for the format instead of rolling my own alphabet-based one if I had remembered what it was called, instead of googling fruitlessly around 'JSONP' and coming up with nothing.
Likewise with the client-server binding and the one-character api dispatching - it's cute, but it'll never be a big deal from a performance perspective; I was just having fun hacking and making the messages as small as possible.
As one of my coworkers pointed out, the packet boundaries are the only really important upper bounds to optimize for -- if you're sending a frame small enough that it'll fit in under the packet size for ethernet transport, then it's optimally sized, and you won't get much faster by slimming the packet down!
(Although some people new to websockets also sometimes assume that there's a minimum chunk/frame/packet size stuck into the standard somewhere, and that that might be determinant, and of course there really isn't). | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Haljackey
Featured Articles I've helped out with:
Ontario Highway 401
Ontario Highway 402
Ontario Highway 416
Queen Elizabeth Way
A featured picture I promoted:
Evacuated Highway 401
Good Articles I've helped out with:
Airbus A380
London, Ontario
Ontario Highway 403
Ontario Highway 404
Ontario Highway 406
Ontario Highway 410
Ontario Highway 417
Ontario Highway 420
Ontario Highway 427
Queen Elizabeth Way | WIKI |
Page:Debates in the Several State Conventions, v2.djvu/366
350 has been said of corruption, of the purse and the sword, and of the danger of giving powers, is not supported by principles or fact; that it is mere verbiage and idle declamation. The true principle of government is this—make the system complete in its structure, give a perfect proportion and balance to its parts, and the powers you give it will never affect your security. The question, then, of the division of powers between the general and state governments, is a question of convenience: it becomes a prudential inquiry, what powers are proper to be reserved to the latter; and this immediately involves another inquiry into the proper objects of the two governments. This is the criterion by which we shall determine the just distribution of powers.
The great leading objects of the federal government, in which revenue is concerned, are to maintain domestic peace, and provide for the common defence. In these are comprehended the regulation of commerce,—that is, the whole system of foreign intercourse,—the support of armies and navies, and of the civil administration. It is useless to go into detail. Every one knows that the objects of the general government, are numerous, extensive, and important. Every one must acknowledge the necessity of giving powers, in all respects, and in every degree, equal to these objects. This principle assented to, let us inquire what are the objects of the state governments. Have they to provide against foreign invasion? Have they to maintain fleets and armies? Have they any concern in the regulation of commerce, the procuring alliances, or forming treaties of peace? No. Their objects are merely civil and domestic—to support the legislative establishment, and to provide for the administration of the laws.
Let any one compare the expense of supporting the civil list in a state with the expense of providing for the defence of the Union. The difference is almost beyond calculation. The experience of Great Britain will throw some light on this subject. In that kingdom, the ordinary expenses of peace to those of war are as one to fourteen. But there they have a monarch, with his splendid court, and an enormous civil establishment, with which we have nothing in this country to compare. If, in Great Britain, the expenses of war and peace are so disproportioned, how wide will be their disparity in the United States! How infinitely wider between | WIKI |
National Capital Presbytery
The National Capital Presbytery is a judicatory of the Presbyterian Church (USA) based in Rockville, Maryland. The presbytery oversees 103 churches in two Mid-Atlantic states (Maryland, and Virginia) and the District of Columbia. NCP is a presbytery of the Synod of the Mid-Atlantic. | WIKI |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 104 Part 4.djvu/982
104 STAT. 3298 PUBLIC LAW 101-618—NOV. 16, 1990 age of such diversions chargeable to the gross diversion allocations of each State shall be specified in the Operating Agreement; and (iii) the provisions of paragraph 204(b)(1) notwithstanding, criteria for charging incidental runoff, if any, into the Carson River basin or the Truckee River basin, including the amount and basin to be charged, from use of water in excess of the amount specified in clause (i) of this subparagraph, shall be specified in the Operating Agreement. The amounts of such water, if any, shall be included in each State's report prepared pursuant to paragraph 204(d)(1) of this title. (B) Unmetered diversion or extraction of water by residences shall, for the purpose of calculating the amount of either State's gross diversion, be conclusively presumed to utilize a gross diversion of four-tenths of one acre-foot per residence per year. (C) Where water is diverted by a distribution system, as defined in clause (iii) of this subparagraph, the amount of such water that shall be charged to the gross diversion allocation of either California or Nevada shall be measured as follows: (i) where a water distribution system supplies any municipal, commercial, and/or industrial delivery points (not including fire hydrants, flushing or cleaning points), any one of which is not equipped with a water meter, the gross diversion attributed to that water distribution system shall be measured at the point of diversion or extraction from the source; or (ii) where all municipal, commerical, and industrial delivery points (not including fire hydrants, flushing or cleaning points) within a water distribution system are equipped with a water meter, the gross diversion attributed to that water distribution system may be measured as the sum of all amounts of water supplied to each such delivery point, provided there is in effect for such water distribution system a water conservation and management plan. Such plan may be either an individual, local plan or an area-wide, regional, or basin-wide plan, except that such plan must be reviewed and found to be reasonable under all relevant circumstances by the State agency responsible for administering water rights, or any other entity delegated such responsibility under State law. Such plan must be reviewed every five years by the agency which prepared it, and implemented in accordance with its adopted schedule, and shall include all elements required by applicable State law and the following: (a) an estimate of past, current, and projected water use and, to the extent records are available, a segregation of those uses between residential, industrial, and governmental uses; (b) identification of conservation measures currently adopted and in practice; (c) a description of alternative conservation measures, including leak detection and prevention and reduction in unaccounted for water, if any,
� | WIKI |
UPDATE 1-Euroclear looking at post-Brexit options for UK, Irish market
(Adds more quotes) By Padraic Halpin DUBLIN, May 12 (Reuters) - Settlement bank Euroclear is looking at the option of setting up a branch or subsidiary to provide a route between its UK and Irish markets following Brexit, the head of its UK and Irish operation said on Friday. Brussels-based Euroclear’s UK operation Crest currently settles both UK and Irish shares and John Trundle did not rule out the settlement of Irish shares moving from London to the continent. Settlement refers to the final leg of a financial trade, when legal ownership is exchanged for cash. “That will have to change a bit in the light of Brexit and we are looking at the options of a branch and a subsidiary to try to provide a route by which we can provide solutions to this market,” John Trundle told a conference in Dublin. Asked by Reuters afterwards if actual settlements would still take place on UK soil or be moved to Dublin or Brussels, Trundle said all of those options were being examined. “You can’t answer that without knowing what the rules are. And it depends what you mean by soil, do you mean legal entity or place of computers. These questions are not trivial questions, they are very complex,” Trundle told Reuters. “The one thing that we are sure about is that we will work on options that will deliver solutions for the Irish market. Beyond that, at this point, I just have to be cautious. We are at probably the worst point of uncertainty.” Euroclear is consulting the market and authorities and the option it chooses will depend on the outcome of those talks, Trundle said, adding that market providers were hoping for a longer transition period between Britain’s departure in 2019 and the finalising of its new trading arrangements. (Additional reporting by John Geddie; editing by Susan Thomas) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
William Woof
William Albert Woof (9 July 1858 – 4 April 1937) was an English cricketer who played for Gloucestershire from 1878 to 1902 and for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) between 1882 and 1885.
Woof was born in Gloucester and was educated at Bedford School. He apprenticed as an engineer at Grantham, Lincolnshire. He played for the Gloucestershire colts in 1878 and among the five wickets he took was that of W G Grace. He was a professional cricketer at Stubbington House, Fareham, Hampshire in May 1878 and made his first-class debut for Gloucestershire in August 1878 against Surrey. Later in 1878 he was professional at Grantham cricket club and in 1879 was with Lancashire. W G Grace got him a post as professional at Cheltenham College from 1880 to 1881 and in 1882 recommended him for the ground staff at Lord's. Woof played twelve matches for MCC between 1882 and 1885 and coached Cambridge from 1883 to 1884 and Oxford in 1885. His best seasons were 1884 when he took 116 wickets and 1885 when he took 100 wickets. He was able to give less time to the county while he was cricket coach at Cheltenham College from 1886. He played 140 matches for Gloucestershire taking 644 wickets for them until 1902. He also played first-class matches for the United South of England XI, the South and Orleans Club. He was also a first-class umpire from with one match in 1880 and most between 1895 and 1899. In the winter of 1903 and 1904 he umpired matches in South Africa.
Woof was a left arm bowler and took 754 wickets at an average of 17.73 and a best performance of 8 for 70. He was a right-handed batsman and played 258 innings in 160 first-class matches with an average of 6.53 and a top score of 43.
Woof continued as coach at Cheltenham College until 1925. He was also managing director of W.A.Woof Ltd, which ran sports outfitting shops in Cheltenham.
Woof died in Montpellier, Cheltenham at the age of 78 and was buried at Cheltenham College Chapel. | WIKI |
Talk:Scientology in France
Disputed neutrality and factual accuracy about Conviction for fraud section
The two sources sited for the first paragraph, which looks like a Scientology advertisement, cite the same website, which is a pro-alternative medicine site according its own description, and there is no link to the actual court decision, and on the contrary, sources that say that Scientology lost the appeal can be found https://www.france24.com/en/20131016-french-scientologists-lose-appeal-fraud-conviction, so the first part of this section is quite problematic. RandomGamer123 Disc (talk) 23:48, 13 August 2020 (UTC)
a honest question
is there any information of the court files when church was first convicted in france? — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 15:43, 22 November 2012 (UTC)
What did they do?
So I'm as big a critic of Scientology's crimes against innocent victims as anyone, but this page seems a bit slanted to me. Perhaps we could have more about what /specifically/ the "Church" did? If I didn't know better about Co$ I could almost buy the Church bullshit about this being persecution. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 07:30, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
* as I understand it, they were charged for handing out or perhaps even pushing prescription drugs on their followers, without the proper authority to do so. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 08:35, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
Freemasons
Some critics of French policy on sects have complained that the Freemasons have never been mentioned in official government reports on the matter, presumably because Masonic groups like the Grand Orient of France exercize strong pressures on the national government itself. Some have even claimed that the entire witch hunt against cults is actually a kind of Masonic Inquisition destined to remove possible competition among sects that seek possible candidates for progressive illumination. ADM (talk) 04:43, 18 June 2009 (UTC)
* "Some critics"? Who? Scientologists? "Some have even claimed"? Well, "some have claimed that you're spouting nonsense" (yep, I did so right there, so technically, I'm correct). Your conspiracy-mongering leads "some to suspect" (that is to say, me) that you're both a conspiracy propagator and a Scientologist-apologist; the two may be more closely linked than many realize. Sorry I can't take your link to the unsigned, unsourced nonsense on "NewsNours.com" too seriously, but I got distracted by its "All Anti-Sarkozy, All the Time" screeds. Let me know when that axe you're grinding is finally sharp. Bricology (talk) 07:30, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
Recognition as a religion
The French government does not grant recognition to religions; it is actually prohibited from doing so under the 1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State, article 2 ("The Republic recognizes, salaries or subsidizes no religion"). Instead, some government organizations recognize some private organizations as organizations supporting religious worship. The criteria for such recognition have nothing to do with theology, and are more of an administrative and financial nature (e.g. the organization must solely support religious worship and not have side activities, especially commercial ones).
This is why it is very wrong to start by saying that the French government does not recognize Scientology as a religion. David.Monniaux (talk) 13:52, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
fraud allegations may have an impact to the whole religious question globally religion independent.
By accusing any religion or sect or theology or ideology (of fraud) you in effect go into the path of actually putting logic and reason to every aspect of life. If any "official" Christian religion in France or Elsewhere says to its people Devil will eat your soul and this treatment by the church will save your dirty soul it is in effect fraud in the eyes of a reasoned individual especially if it involves - at least indirectly - the loss of personal wealth and the increase of wealth of the church (indirect wealth can be easily proven by such practices in every church). Hence, this article should not take monopoly of this situation, wikipedia should have a place/article to discuss this decision/way of thinking with huge implications elsewhere in a more general place since it is clearly not limited to scientology. --Leladax (talk) 13:45, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
I THINK the prosecutor's point is not that they took/accepted money from people (like anyone else does as you said) but that they did that in an illegal way (somehow forcing them). I think (at least that's what I understood from the article) that the fraud was against "methods of harassment" not against requesting money. I go to church (well ... once in a while) and (no names), yes, I see a basket passing in front of me BUT I haven't noticed any difference in reaction of people/church/priests when I put something there and when I don't. I hope you'll get my point. Also, on the other hand, there should be a more strict difference between attitudes towards harassing and towards beliefs. Anyone is free to accept any cult no matter how stupid it might sound from someone else's point of view but that should be out of his/her free will. Believing just like leaving or giving money or preaching or any other activity connected to the cult. —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 14:37, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
Possible vandalism
I saw that on 28 October 2009, this page was linked-to from the Wikipedia english home page in a "current news" item. After going to this link, then looking at the whole page linked-to (this page), I found this phrase after the first paragrarh in the Legal Status sections, with several blank lines before and after:
Diamond from pirate is awesome forever
It appears to have nothing to do with anything on the page, and so therefore appears to be vandalism, possibly directly related to it being a current news item -- although I'm not entirely positive. I removed the phrase and cleaned up the article when I saw it. 15:21, 28 October 2009 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk)
Diffamation : the Church comments
Hello, are the Church final comments as "France is pretty much in the Dark Ages on the subject of religious tolerance" & "in total violation of the European Convention on Human Rights and French constitutional guarantees on freedom" acceptable ? I looks such statement as naive diffamation, which should not stay on wikipedia. Yug (talk) 16:39, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
* Neutralised, I replaced most the "the Church's lawyer state that they will [win, wipe the fine, etc.]" by "claims".
* To be clear: we state facts ; we give opinion on the future. Not to mix up. Yug (talk) 16:48, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
Wording in 2nd paragraph of 2nd section
It says "Since 1995, France has classified the Scientology as a sect (or cult) as seen in the report of the National Assembly of France." I added the bolding. That wording does not sound right. Are they talking about just the French Church of Scientology? Or, are they talking about the whole of Scientology overall? Either way, that should be reworded.--Rockfang (talk) 20:47, 28 October 2009 (UTC)
French ban?
According to DOAJ free paper, "in France, “The Order of the Temple of Sun” and so-called Church of Scientology have been banned lately, while in Italy there have been close monitoring and controlling of occult religious organization going on."
It has to be verified with a translation from Serbian into English, not yet available.Philosopher81sp (talk) 11:12, 13 September 2020 (UTC)
External links modified
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Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the separation of 2,3-butanediol from aqueous streams using tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate
L.Y. Garcia Chavez, M. Shazad, Boelo Schuur, A.B. de Haan
Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review
21 Citations (Scopus)
Abstract
Microbiological production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) through fermentation using renewable feedstock is a promising option for the production of bio based chemicals. Liquid–liquid extraction could be a more efficient process, if a proper solvent is used. Tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate [TOA MNaph] is a tailor made hydrophobic ionic liquid that may be applied for the recovery of 2,3-BD from aqueous streams. In this work, the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium data for {2,3-BD + water + [TOA MNaph]} at (313.2, 333.2, and 353.2) K have been obtained and correlated to the NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models. Root square mean deviations (RMSD) values of 1.54% (NRTL) and 1.88% (UNIQUAC) were obtained, showing that both models can properly describe the experimental data. Compared to conventional solvents [TOA MNaph] presents a good balance between distribution coefficient (D2,3BD = 1.08) and selectivity (S = 11.47).
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)85-91
Number of pages7
JournalJournal of chemical thermodynamics
Volume55
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2012
Keywords
• IR-84923
• METIS-292144
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the separation of 2,3-butanediol from aqueous streams using tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
• Cite this | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Unable to retrieve table names in a database
When I executed the query below in SSMS, the table names in 'MyDataBase' database were returned correctly. However, when I ran the same SQL command in a VB application using a SqlDataReader, no error but no table names were returned either. Any idea? Thanks!
SELECT [TABLE_NAME] FROM [MyDataBase].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES];
VB code:
Dim cmdTxt As String = "SELECT [TABLE_NAME] FROM [MyDataBase].[INFORMATION_SCHEMA].[TABLES];"
Using conn As New SqlConnection(conString)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand(cmdTxt, conn)
Dim reader As SqlDataReader
Try
conn.Open()
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader
While reader.Read()
Dim name = reader.GetString(0)
Me.cboTableNames.Items.Add(name)
End While
reader.Close()
Catch ex As Exception
Module1.WriteErrorLog("FormViewData.GetTableNameList(): ", ex.Message)
frmMain.StatusUpdate("Error occured while obtaining list of table names. Reason: " & ex.Message, True)
End Try
End Using
Are you using the same user/login/credential in the app that you're logging in with in SSMS? If the app is using a different credential, it may not have the permissions to view the DB schema.
You may need to grant VIEW DEFINITION permission to the login the app uses.
1 Like
The same credentials were used in SSMS and my VB application.
Try adding SET NOCOUNT ON before the actual call.
I would also recommend not using the information schema tables - and instead using 'sys.tables' to get the list of tables from SQL Server. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template:Citations broken from PEIS limit/doc
This template should be used to tag pages that exceed the page size limit. Such articles should be reduced to a size below this limit as soon as possible, as this will cause templates at the bottom of the page (typically references) to appear only as a link to a template. By default, the first parameter is set to be the section of the talk page discussing the issue.
Usage
* 1 or section should be the section of the talk page where discussion is taking place
* 2 replaces "talk page"
* date should be set to the month and year the template was applied
Note
When using this template, consider replacing reflist in the article with, which can often allow at least some of the references to appear. | WIKI |
1,720 total views, 2 views today
Pythagoras was an Ionian scholar and mathematician, conceived in 6th century BC in Samos. The vast majority of the data accessible today has been recorded a couple of hundreds of years after his demise and subsequently, a large number of the accessible records negate each other. In any case, this much is sure that he was destined to a trader from Tire and had contemplated under different educators since his initial adolescence.
When he was around forty years of age, he exited Samos. Some say he went to Egypt to concentrate on under the sanctuary clerics and returned following fifteen years while others say that he went straight to Croton to open a school. Regardless, it is sure that his fundamental spot of action was Croton and there he set up a fellowship and made imperative commitment to arithmetic, theory and music.
His adherents, known as Pythagoreans, kept up strict dependability and mystery. Another built up certainty is that Pythagoras voyaged widely. A few records likewise guarantee that he went to India to consider under Hindu Brahmins. Inconsistency additionally exists about his demise; however there is unanimity that he was bothered and murdered by his adversaries. .
Adolescence and Early Life
- Pythagoras was conceived in the eastern Aegean island of Samos, Greece in 570 BC. It is trusted that his mom, Pythias, was a local of the island while his dad, Mnesarchus, was a trader from Tire (Lebanon), managing in diamonds. It is additionally said that he had a few kin.
- Pythagoras spent the vast majority of his initial youth at Samos. As he grew up, he started to go with his dad on his exchanging trips. It is trusted that Mnesarchus once took him to Tire, where he concentrated on under researchers from Syria. It is conceivable that he may have likewise gone by Italy amid those early years.
- Accordingly, Pythagoras concentrated widely under various educators. He learned verse, could present Homer and play the lyre. Aside from researchers from Syria, he additionally considered under astute men of Chaldea. Pherecydes of Syros was additionally one of his initial instructors under whom he contemplated rationality. .
- At eighteen years old, Pythagoras set out to Miletus to meet Thales, an expert of science and space science. In spite of the fact that by then Thales had turned out to be excessively old, making it impossible to instruct, the meeting was entirely productive; it inspired in him an enthusiasm for science, arithmetic and stargazing.
- He should have likewise contemplated under Thales’ understudy Anaximander. The later works of Pythagoras demonstrate a hitting closeness with the works of Anaximander. Both his cosmic and geometrical speculations appear to have actually created from the hypotheses of the senior savant.
- In 535 BC, Pythagoras left for Egypt to examine under the sanctuary ministers. Prior Thales had likewise given him the same exhortation. Be that as it may, as indicated by different records, he went to Egypt to get away from the oppression of Polycrates, the then leader of Samos.
- Pythagoras lived in Egypt for around ten years. Subsequent to finishing the important ceremonies he initially picked up induction into the sanctuary of Diospolis and was acknowledged into brotherhood. It is likewise trusted that for a few years he concentrated on under the Egyptian minister Oenuphis of Heliopolis.
- In 525 BC, Emperor Cambyses II of Persia vanquished Egypt. Pythagoras was caught and taken as prisoner to Babylon. Here he immediately related himself to the Persians ministers known as the magi and concentrated on arithmetic and numerical sciences and additionally music under them.
- In 522 BC, Cambyses II of Persia passed on under strange circumstances and Polycrates, the oppressive leader of Somas, was additionally murdered. These occasions offered Pythagoras a chance to come back to Somas, which did in 520 BC.
- On his arrival to Samos, Pythagoras opened a school called The Semicircle. In any case, his technique for instructing was distinctive and engaged few. In the meantime, the pioneers needed him to get required with the city organization, which did not speak to him.
- In 518 BC, he moved his base to Croton in southern Italy. A few records say he went there to study law and stayed back. Different records claim he went there in 530 BC to get away from the oppression of Polycrates, not to Egypt.
- Whatever might be the situation, it was here at Croton that he initially begun educating in full scale, rapidly assembling a band of supporters. In this manner, he set up a fraternity, which was interested in both men and ladies. It formed into a religious cum philosophical school with impressive political clout.
- The Pythagoreans, as the devotees of Pythagoras were called, could be separated into two orders. The individuals who lived and worked at the school were known as the mathematikoi or learners. Others, who lived outside the school, were known as akousmatics or audience members. Pythagoras was the expert of both the orders.
- The mathematikoi needed to lead their life as indicated by guidelines, which characterized what they ate, wore or even talked. They had no individual ownership and took after strict vegetarianism. Conflictingly, the akousmatics were permitted to claim individual properties and eat non-veggie lover nourishment. They went to the school just amid the day time.
- The Society rehearsed strict mystery about ceremonies and customs, as well as about what was instructed. Accordingly, in spite of the fact that it made exceptional commitments to arithmetic it is difficult to recognize the works of Pythagoras and that of his devotees.
- However, Pythagoras’ commitment to science can never be exaggerated. Today, he is best associated with his idea of numbers. He trusted that everything could be decreased to numbers and these numbers had their own attributes, qualities and shortcomings.
- To him 10 was the most finish number since it was comprised of the initial four digits (1+2+3+4) and when written in speck documentation, they shaped a triangle. He likewise trusted geometry to be the most elevated type of scientific studies through which one can clarify the physical world.
- Pythagoras’ conviction originated from his perceptions of arithmetic, music and cosmology. For instance, he saw that vibrating strings produce agreeable tones just when the proportions between the lengths of the strings are entire numbers. He later understood that these proportions could be stretched out to different instruments.
- He likewise proliferated that the spirit is eternal. On death of a man, it takes up another structure and in this way it moves from individual to individual and even to lower creatures through a progression of incarnations until it gets to be immaculate and such cleaning should be possible through music and arithmetic.
- Pythagoras himself was a decent artist and could play the lyre well. Adherent of enchantment, he likewise held that specific images have mysterious essentialness and that the communication between the contrary energies was a crucial component of the world.
- He likewise showed that the Earth was a circle at the focal point of the Cosmos. He held that every single other planet and stars were round in light of the fact that circle is the absolute best strong figure.
- Pythagoras is most well known for his idea of geometry. It is trusted that he was first to build up that the total of the edges of a triangle is equivalent to two right edges and that for a privilege calculated triangle the square on the hypotenuse is equivalent to the whole of the squares on the other two sides.
- Despite the fact that the last specified hypothesis was at that point found by the Babylonians, Pythagoras was first to demonstrate it. It is likewise trusted that he conceived the tetractys, the triangular figure of four lines which indicate ten, which agreeing him, was the ideal number.
Individual Life and Legacy
- Pythagoras was hitched to Theano, his first understudy at Croton. She was additionally a logician in her own privilege. She composed a treatise called ‘On Virtue’ and the precept of the brilliant mean was incorporated into it. In any case, some say that she was not his significant other, but rather a pupil.
- As indicated by different records, the couple had a child named Telauges, and three little girls named Damo, Arignote, and Myia. A few sources additionally put the number to seven. Their second little girl Arignote was a known researcher and works like ‘The Rites of Dionysus’, ‘Hallowed Discourses’ have been credited to her.
- Their third girl Myia is said to have hitched the popular wrestler, Milo of Croton. It is further expressed that Milo was a partner of Pythagoras and spared his life from a rooftop breakdown.
- Like most virtuosos, Pythagoras too was extremely blunt and made numerous adversaries. One of them affected the swarm against the Pythagoreans and set flame to the building where they were sitting tight. In any case, Pythagoras could get away. He then went to Metapontum and starved himself to death.
- Some different records say that he was gotten in a contention amongst Agrigentum and the Syracusans and was slaughtered by the Syracusans. Whatever was the reason for his passing, as indicated by most records he kicked the bucket in 495 BC. The ‘Hypothesis of Pythagoras’ or ‘Pythagoras Theorem’ still bears his legacy. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Kevin Kiley (politician)
Kevin Patrick Kiley (born January 30, 1985) is an American politician, attorney, and former educator serving as the U.S. representative for California's 3rd congressional district since 2023. A member of the Republican Party, he represented the 6th district in the California State Assembly from 2016 to 2022. Kiley was a candidate to replace California governor Gavin Newsom in the voter-initiated recall election on September 14, 2021.
Early life, education, and career
Kiley grew up in the Sacramento area, where his father was a physician and his mother was a special education teacher. He attended local public schools, including Cavitt Junior High School and Granite Bay High School, where he was valedictorian.
Kiley graduated with an undergraduate degree from Harvard University in 2007, completing a thesis titled "The Civil Rights Movement and the Reemergence of Classical Democracy". Upon graduation, he became a teacher in Los Angeles through Teach for America, teaching for two years at Manual Arts High School while earning his teaching credentials at Loyola Marymount University. In 2008, he was recognized as a national debate champion while participating as a member of the Loyola debate team.
Kiley later attended Yale Law School, worked as an editor of the Yale Law Journal, and clerked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He returned to California to join the law firm Irell & Manella, where he helped prepare an intellectual property theft case for T-Mobile against Chinese technology company Huawei that was the basis for a federal criminal investigation. He was an adjunct professor at the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law.
Political career
In 2016, Kiley was elected to the California State Assembly. In May 2016, Kiley told The Sacramento Bee that he supported then-Ohio Governor John Kasich in the 2016 United States presidential election. In 2018, Kiley authored legislation to make it easier for students to transfer school districts.
After winning a second term in the State Assembly, Kiley ran for the State Senate in California's 1st District. He finished second in the primary, but lost the runoff to fellow Assemblyman Brian Dahle. Soon after the start of the new legislative session, Kiley introduced legislation to close for private use a controversial DMV office that exclusively catered to state legislators and staff. In a statement to The Sacramento Bee, Kiley said: "This is supposed to be a government of the people, by the people and for the people, not an oligarchy where a gilded political class enjoys privileges that aren’t available to the people that we represent."
According to the Associated Press, Kiley is "a conservative who often flirts with the fringes of the GOP". He has said climate change is real, but opposed Governor Gavin Newsom's executive orders requiring all new vehicles in California to be zero emission by 2035 and banning oil-drilling by 2045. He is a supporter of charter schools. Kiley introduced legislation to ban local and state governments from implementing vaccine requirements. After Joe Biden won the 2020 election and Donald Trump refused to concede while making claims of fraud, Kiley refused to say whether Biden won the 2020 election legitimately. Kiley has said his position is to "stay out of national politics altogether", and that "national politics is a distraction that is used frankly by those in power in Sacramento [as] kind of a smokescreen for their own failures."
In March 2024, former FEC chairperson, Ann Ravel, filed a complaint against Kevin Kiley "alleging he excessively used campaign funds to support a conservative coalition seeking to roll back parts of Proposition 47."
2021 California gubernatorial recall election
Though he voted to authorize $1 billion of emergency pandemic spending for Governor Newsom in March 2020, saying "to trust in Governor Newsom’s leadership and listen to his guidance", Kiley later said Newsom "made a mockery of that trust" and, alongside fellow California legislator James Gallagher, sued in June 2020 to remove Newsom's emergency powers. Kiley lost the case on appeal. Kiley published a book in January 2021 titled Recall Gavin Newsom: The Case Against America's Most Corrupt Governor.
On July 6, 2021, Kiley announced his candidacy for governor of California in the 2021 recall election. According to the New York Times, he was one of the "more moderate Republican recall candidates," while the Los Angeles Times deemed him and John Cox the "more traditional conservatives" in the election, which failed to remove Newsom from office.
Kiley indicated his support for school choice during the campaign and said teachers' unions in the state were too powerful (with the California Teachers Association having been Newsom's top donor), to students' detriment. Though vaccinated against COVID-19, Kiley pledged to overturn vaccine and mask mandates Newsom implemented if he became governor.
United States Senate vacancies
In 2020, Kiley urged passage of his bill that would require the potential successor of then-candidate for vice president and Senator Kamala Harris to be elected by California's voters and not appointed by the governor; he reiterated that view during the 2021 gubernatorial recall campaign by pledging to allow voters to pick a replacement for Senator Dianne Feinstein if he became governor and her seat became vacant. Kiley later flagged a constitutional issue with Newsom's appointment of Alex Padilla to replace Harris and Padilla's expected service until January 2023, since the U.S. Constitution stipulates that such appointees serve "until the people fill the vacancies by election".
After lawmakers in the state assembly passed a bill to address the issue that would require voters to select two senators for the same seat—one to serve in the lame-duck session from November 2022 to January 2023 and another for January 2023 to January 2029—Kiley said Newsom should have called a special election to fill Harris's seat much earlier, and that the bill would solve the problem in "the most undemocratic way possible". Newsom eventually signed the bill, which meant California's voters had to vote simultaneously for both the lame-duck Senate seat and the next full Senate term.
Personal life
Kiley married Chelsee Gardner on December 30, 2023. The ceremony took place at Pioneer Church in Auburn, California, the oldest church in Placer County. Chelsee and Kevin met at a community event in Rocklin, California, celebrating the Fourth of July. Kevin proposed to Chelsee in the summer of 2023 in the same park where they first met. The couple reside in Roseville. As of 2021, he resides in Rocklin, California.
2022
On December 29, 2021, Kiley announced he would run for the U.S. House in California's newly redrawn 3rd congressional district, which includes all or parts of Inyo, Sacramento, Mono, Alpine, El Dorado, Placer, Nevada, Sierra, Yuba, and Plumas counties.
Committee assignments
For the 118th Congress:
* Committee on Education and the Workforce
* Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education
* Subcommittee on Workforce Protections (Chair)
* Committee on the Judiciary
* Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet
* Subcommittee on Crime and Federal Government Surveillance
* Subcommittee on the Constitution and Limited Government
Caucus memberships
* Republican Study Committee
Works
* Kevin Kiley (2021). Recall Gavin Newsom: The Case Against America's Most Corrupt Governor. ISBN<PHONE_NUMBER>587. | WIKI |
Iran says four of a group of kidnapped security personnel are freed: Fars news
LONDON (Reuters) - Four of the Iranian border guards kidnapped last year by a Sunni militant group on the border with Pakistan were released on Wednesday, the Iranian foreign ministry spokesman said. Spokesman Bahram Qasemi thanked the Pakistani government for its efforts to facilitate the release of the guards, the semi-official Fars news agency reported. The militant group Jaish al-Adl abducted 12 border guards in October on the border with Pakistan in Iran’s southeastern Sistan-Baluchestan province. Five of the guards were released in November. Jaish al-Adl (Army of Justice), which says it seeks greater rights and better living conditions for the ethnic minority Baluchis, claimed responsibility for a suicide bomb attack in February that killed 27 members of Revolutionary Guards. Iran’s Shi’ite Muslim authorities say militant groups operate from safe havens in Pakistan and have repeatedly called on the neighboring country to crack down on them. Pakistan has rejected allegations by Iranian officials that it is harboring the armed group, calling them “baseless and completely false”. Jaish al-Adl kidnapped five Iranian border guards in 2014, releasing four of them two months later after mediation by local Sunni clerics. In September, Iranian forces killed four Sunni militants at a border crossing with Pakistan, including the second-in-command of Jaish al-Adl. Reporting by Bozorgmehr Sharafedin; Editing by Frances Kerry | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Certain religious groups refer to their gathering spot as a meeting house, which is commonplace in some organizations, such as the Quakers. In this article, you will learn about other religious organizations that use meeting houses for worship and other activities, as well as encounter different shrines from around the world.
Secular buildings also serve as a town or city hall with buildings that are used for religious meetings. In New England town in the United States, the meeting houses also saw voting take place and were where town offices were located. Early American Puritan congregations also used the meeting house format. Some people are still unclear what the difference is between a church and a meeting house for many non-conformist Christian denominations. A church is seen as a place that accommodates people that believe in Christ. A meeting house is the building where the church meets.
Some of the Christian denominations that use ‘meeting houses’ include the Religious Society of Friend (Quakers), the Mennonite Church, the Amish Church, some Unitarian congregations, and the Provisional Movement. Mormons are members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which uses a building for their congregations to meet for weekly worship services, social gatherings and recreational events.
Some people pay a visit to a place of worship that is dedicated or associated with a sacred person or saint. They could also pay homage to a deity, ancestor, local hero, martyr, or any other person that is worshipped. A shrine may also house sacred objects or relics pertaining to a specific religion. Some people come to make a votive offering at an altar, while others serve as a place to pray. Many religions around the world incorporate shrines into their methods of worship, including Christians, Buddhists, Hindus, and Wiccans.
Shrines are found in churches, temples, cemeteries, on hillsides, and in a home. For example, the Chinese and people from Southeast Asia are known for making small household shrines. A typical shrine may use a small lamp and offerings that are kept daily by the shrine. There are also some restrictions and rules to follow when having a shrine in your home. A shrine in the household of a Buddhist must be positioned on a shelf above the head. Shrines in Chinese households must stand directly on the floor.
Examples of shrines around the world include:
Shrine of the Bab , Located in Haifa, Israel, this structure is where you will find the remains of Bab, who was the founder of Babism. The shrine is found on Mount Carmel, where you will encounter a domed setting that has 12,000 fish-scale tiles of 50 varying shapes and sizes that were made in Portugal. The shrine offers a quiet place for people to pray and meditate. No ceremonies or religious services are held at the shrine.
Isonokami Shrine , In the hills of Tenri in Japan, there is a Shinto shrine that is one of the oldest in the country. It is here that several important artifacts are housed, such as the legendary sword called the Kusanagi-no-Tsurugi and the seven-branched sword known as Nanatsusaya-no-Tachi, which was a gift to the Yamato king. Interestingly, the shrine is found at the end of the oldest road in Japan. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:DebSoc Exeter/sandbox
The Exeter University Debating Society is a debating society founded in 1893 by the students of Exeter University. On the Exeter Campus it is commonly refereed to as ' DebSoc' , it is the university's oldest society and is the largest political society on campus.
Early History
The Exeter University Debating Society was formed in 1893 as a purely gentleman's debating society. The earliest recorded Friday night debate was held on an 4th February 1906 entitled 'The advantages of being a member of a large family outweigh the disadvantages'. The student magazine stated the debate was held with 'eloquence, energy and enthusiasm'. Further controversial motions have included 'Should Bachelors be taxed' (1905) in which the opposition declared 'the whole scheme is set to be a man trap set by female ingenuity for female benefit'. The First World War proved difficult for the society with many of its members leaving to fight. A number of debates were still held however. These included 'Conscription is necessary for our Empire' (1915) and 'There should be no co-education of the sexes' (1916) in which one speaker famously remarked "that flirty girls give a man as much experience in an hour as he would gain in twelve months by watching girls a few yards off".
The Society today
The Debating Society week generally consists of two events a week. A Monday workshop is held for those who wish to practice their debating skills and prepare for competition. Every Friday evening at 7:00pm the society invites an external panel of four speakers to debate a motion. Friday night debates continue to be held in the mooting room of the Amory building which regularly attracts a full house of over 250 members of the audience. Recent speakers have included Members of Parliament Ben Bradshaw, Jacob Rees-Mogg, Nick De-Bois and Steve Gilbert, members of the European Parliament Graham Watson and Keith Taylor, journalists Peter Hitchens and Brendan O'Neill, anti war campaigner Lindsay German and Apprentice star Katie Hopkins
The society also provides an excellent environment for those wishing to take part in competitive debating. Aside from the weekly workshop, the society regularly attends competitions at home and abroad. Exeter University also holds a national IV in the second week of May. It also holds the Exeter internal IV - a prestigious debating competition among the university students.
The social highlights of the society remain the winter and spring balls, though a variety of other events also occur.
Administrative structure
The Union is run exclusively by a committee of 10 directly elected positions. These are: President, Vice President, Chairman, General Secretary, Treasurer, Publicity Officer as well as two social secretaries, and two IV Co-ordinators. The committee serve for one academic year and are elected in the second week of March. The committee is joined in October by two representatives from the first year of Exeter Students. These are Freshers Representatives or Freps for short.
Notable Speakers
* Anthony Eden, British Prime Minister
* Lord Asquith, British Prime Minister
* Major James Coldwell, Canadian social democratic politician
* Michael Foot Former leader of the Labour Party
* Jacob Rees-Mogg, Member of Parliament
* Ilan Pappé, Palestinian Academic
* Robert Maclennan, British Liberal Democrat life pee
* Ludovic Kennedy, British journalist, broadcaster, humanist
* Patrick Mayhew, British barrister and Conservative Party politician
* Christopher Gill ,Maastricht Rebel
Current Committee
* President: Chloe Bitcon
* Vice-President: Sasha Gibbins
* Chairman: Lewis Saffin
* Secretary: Charlie Robbins
* Treasurer: Rob Clark
* Publicity Officer: Alice Clarinino
* IV Co-ordinators: Alex Scott-Malden, Elizabeth Jessop
* Social Secretaries: Charlie Evans, Kathryn Metcalfe | WIKI |
2019 ISA World Surfing Games
The 2019 ISA World Surfing Games were held at Kisakihama Beach in Miyazaki, Japan, from 7 to 15 September 2019. The event was organised by the International Surfing Association (ISA).
Olympic qualification
The event contributed towards qualification for the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo, where surfing will make its debut as an Olympic sport. In both the men's and women's competitions, the highest-placed eligible athlete from each of Africa, Asia, Europe and Oceania gained provisional qualification for the 2020 Olympics. The Pan American Games provided the continental qualification places for the Americas.
* Qualified athletes
* Men
* 🇲🇦 Ramzi Boukhiam (MAR)
* Rio Waida
* Frederico Morais
* 🇳🇿 Billy Stairmand (NZL)
* Women
* Bianca Buitendag
* 🇵🇪 Sofía Mulánovich (PER)
* 🇮🇱 Anat Lelior (ISR)
* 🇳🇿 Ella Williams (NZL) | WIKI |
Talk:Le Petit Théâtre de l'Absolu
Opengovca.com info
I just pulled this from the article because it doesn't support the date it was footnoting (2001-2005). If anything, it seems to contradict it? Link here, if anyone wants to dispute/discuss this: -- asilvering (talk) 05:20, 11 February 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
December 1-7: FRONT LINES; MIXED SIGNALS IN MIDEAST
After 26 months of Palestinian suicide bombings and pitiless Israeli retaliation, is there light at the end of the tunnel? Ariel Sharon, Israel's prime minister, said that the so-called road map to Palestinian statehood was ''reasonable, realistic and, I believe, attainable,'' with some changes. Senator Joseph R. Biden Jr., the chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, talked to Palestinian leaders in Tel Aviv and said that he saw a new yearning for peace among Arabs as well. But officially, Palestinians rejected Mr. Sharon's statement as nothing new. And a Palestinian branch of Al Qaeda posted a message on a Web site announcing its formation. Its involvement could plunge the search for peace back into darkness. Michael Wines | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:The fortunes of Fifi (IA fortunesoffifi00seawiala).pdf/67
onions, and some chocolate. Then he went into a wine shop for a bottle of wine.
The wine shop was a cheerful, dirty, agreeable place that he knew well. When he entered he found the shop full of men, standing around a table on which was a blindfolded boy with a hat full of slips of paper in his hand.
A shout greeted Cartouche's arrival.
"You are just in time, Monsieur Cartouche," cried the proprietor, a jolly red-faced man. "You make the last and twenty-fifth man necessary to join our lottery. I have bought a ticket in the Grand Imperial Lottery, which is to be drawn in a fortnight, and for every bottle of wine I sell, and a franc extra, I give my customers a chance in the lottery ticket, limiting it to twenty-five chances. Come now—I see good luck written all over you—hand me your franc."
Cartouche handed out his franc, bought his bottle of wine, and joined the circle at the table. The little boy handed the hat around, and every man took a slip out and read thereon a number. Cartouche took his slip and read out:
"Number 1313!" | WIKI |
UK Infrared Telescope
UK Infrared Telescope
(UKIRT) The British infrared telescope sited on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, at the very high altitude of 4200 meters. The site is well above the main weather layers and the bulk of atmospheric water vapor, opaque to most infrared wavelengths; in addition there is excellent seeing for work at visible wavelengths. The telescope is funded by the UK (by SERC), the Netherlands, and Canada, and is run by the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh. It became operational in 1979. The mirror is 3.8 meters (150 inches) in diameter, making the instrument the world's largest infrared telescope. It is unusually thin (29 cm) and weighs only 6.6 tonnes, allowing an extremely lightweight supporting structure to be used. The mirror surface has been ground sufficiently accurately that it can also be used at visible wavelengths for short exposures.
A full range of cryogenic (very low temperature) facilities is provided for cooling the detectors in order to reduce spurious signals generated by the warmth of the detectors. There are also means for removing spurious signals generated by the telescope itself. The instruments mounted at UKIRT's Cassegrain focus include infrared spectrometers and photometers; the latter work at various wavebands – optical, infrared (1–5 μm, 4–35 μm), and submillimeter (0.3–1 mm). Heavier instruments are mounted at the coudé focus.
References in periodicals archive ?
In the new study, scientists used the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT), the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Subaru telescope to carry out the most complete survey ever made of star-forming galaxies at different distances, with around ten times the data of any previous effort.
It combines data from the UK Infrared Telescope in Hawaii and the Vista telescope in Chile.
in the skies Dr Paul Hirst (above), on Hawaii, where he works with the UK Infrared Telescope (below).
``The software controls the tele-scopes without human intervention.'' The programmes are currently being developed on the UK Infrared Telescope in Hawaii and will later expand to the JMU-ownedLiverpool Telescope on La Palma,in the Canary Isles.
In the new study, the team from Cambridge used infrared surveys being carried out on the UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) to peer through the dust and locate the giant black holes for the first time. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
ChartWatch: Dollar Surge May End Soon
PowerShares DB U.S. Dollar Index ( UUP ) has surged during the past two months, and ChartWatch readers knew it was coming.
ChartWatch analyzed the dollar in a February report . Most investors were skittish on the dollar at the time. In fact, many believed the euro was ready to roar to new highs, sending the dollar toward fresh lows.
However, I noted that the euro looked toppy as opposed to super bullish. And my general bleak attitude for the EU's economy led me to believe that the currency would pull back.
Moreover, Prime Minister Abe has been a devastating force to the yen. The Japanese currency is down 28% since October. And given Abe's venomous stance on deflation, it looks poised to continue that decline as 2013 progresses.
With the dollar near a long-term support level (large box) and the two biggest alternative currencies ready to decline, a surge for the dollar was an easy call to make - and I did.
This chart shows the price ofUUPshares along with an important resistance area to monitor.
The dollar has increased 4% since our last report. However, it may be about time to cash in those gains, as UUP is approaching a level where selling activity tends to pick up. Specifically, the $22.80 level (blue arrows) has been a tough price for UUP to remain above for any extended period. Given that UUP is within 1% of $22.80, and just 2% shy of its two-year high, any near-term upside appears limited.
Though I believe the dollar will continue to move higher this year and into next as the euro slowly decays, it needs to take a breather. Furthermore, the euro and the yen are very oversold, suggesting they will likely enjoy a relief rally. Obviously, if either or both rebound, the dollar will begin to trickle lower.
Equities mentioned in this article: UUP, FXE, FXY
Positions held in companies mentioned above: FXY
Don't Miss: ChartWatch: AMZN Forms Perfect Formation
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Cadette, Haiti
Cadette is a village in the Chambellan commune in the Jérémie Arrondissement, in the Grand'Anse department of Haiti. | WIKI |
PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Newby, Brittney N. AU - Brusko, Todd M. AU - Zou, Baiming AU - Atkinson, Mark A. AU - Clare-Salzler, Michael AU - Mathews, Clayton E. TI - Type 1 Interferons Potentiate Human CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cell Cytotoxicity Through a STAT4 and Granzyme B Dependent Pathway DP - 2017 Sep 04 TA - Diabetes 4099 - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2017/09/01/db17-0106.short 4100 - http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/early/2017/09/01/db17-0106.full AB - Events defining the progression to human type 1 diabetes (T1D) have remained elusive owing to the complex interaction between genetics, the immune system, and the environment. Type 1 Interferons (T1-IFN) are known to be a constituent of the auto-inflammatory milieu within the pancreas of patients with T1D. However, the capacity of IFNα/β to modulate human activated auto-reactive CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses within the islets of patients with T1D have not been investigated. Here, we engineer human beta cell specific CTLs and demonstrate that T1-IFN augments cytotoxicity by inducing rapid phosphorylation of STAT4, resulting in direct binding at the granzyme B (GZMB) promoter within 2 hours of exposure. The current findings provide novel insights concerning the regulation of effector function by T1-IFN in human antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells and provide a mechanism by which the presence of T1-IFN potentiates diabetogenicity within the autoimmune islet. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Other Parts Discussed in Post: CONTROLSUITE
To verify code and/or data integrity, TI’s microcontroller (MCU) Code-Generation Tools (CGTs), including the C2000™ MCU CGT, the MSP430™ MCU CGT and the TI ARM CGT, support cyclic redundancy checking (CRC). This method can greatly enhance the performance of your embedded design and is easy to use, once you understand the basics of how CRC works. The focus of this blog post will be CRC with the C2000 MCU CGT; for more detailed information about CRC with the MSP430 MCU CGT and ARM®-based CGTs from TI, see the Additional Resources section below.
Designers use CRC to detect errors that might occur during data transmission. For a given section of code or data in an output file, the originator of the data – also known as the sender – applies a specific CRC algorithm to the content in that section to produce a CRC value, which is stored at a separate location in the output file. The consumer of the data – known as the receiver – knows what algorithm was applied to the section and can apply that same CRC algorithm to the code or data transmitted. If the CRC value computed by the receiver does not match the one computed by the sender, then the receiver may conclude that some error occurred during transmission and take appropriate action to address the problem, such as requesting that the sender retransmit the data.
You can check out a simple demonstration running on Code Composer Studio™ (CCS) software of how to perform CRC at run time using linker-generated CRC tables in the video, “Performing CRC with linker-generated CRC tables.”
Linker-generated CRC tables
The C2000 MCU linker supports an extension to the linker command file (LCF) syntax, the crc_table() operator, that generates a CRC value for a given initialized section of code or data. If a crc_table() operator is attached to the specification of a region (an output section, a GROUP, a GROUP member, a UNION or a UNION member), then the linker will compute a CRC value for that region and store that CRC value in target memory such that it is accessible at boot or run time.
Consider as an example a section of data that gets written to flash memory. Within the LCF, you would specify a crc_table() operator to be associated with the data section like this:
In the above snippet of the LCF, the crc_table() operator instructs the linker to generate a CRC table data object called crc_table_for_2b. Using the C2000 MCU linker, this would result in a data object that looks like this:
The crc_tbl.h file located in the Include subdirectory where your C2000 MCU CGT is installed provides the formal specification of the CRC_TABLE and CRC_RECORD data structures. CRC_TABLE is a header for a vector of one or more CRC_RECORDs. Besides the location and size of the region of memory to check, each CRC_RECORD also identifies the CRC algorithm applied to that memory region to arrive at the “crc_value.” By default, when a user specifies a crc_table() operator with a single argument, the C2000 MCU linker will use what it refers to as the CRC32_PRIME algorithm. This corresponds to the CRC32 polynomial 1 (= 0x04C11DB7) CRC algorithm that C28x plus Viterbi, complex math and CRC unit (C28x+VCU) devices support in hardware. However, the linker also allows users to select a different CRC algorithm as a second argument to the crc_table() operator.
The complete syntax for the crc_table() operator is:
The C2000 MCU linker recognizes the values in Table 1 as valid crc_algorithm_id arguments. You can specify either the linker name or linker ID.
Linker name
Linker ID
Equivalent CRC algorithm on C28x plus VCU hardware
CRC32_PRIME
0 (default)
CRC32 polynomial 1 (= 0x04C11DB7)
CRC16_802_15_4
1
CRC16 polynomial 2 (= 0x00001021)
CRC16_ALT
2
CRC16 polynomial 1 (= 0x00008005)
CRC8_PRIME
3
CRC8 polynomial (= 0x00000007)
CRC32_C
11
CRC32 polynomial 2 (= 0x1EDC6F41)
CRC24_FLEXRAY
12
CRC24 polynomial (= 0x005D6DCB)
As you will see later, it is critical that the CRC algorithm selected at link time to compute the CRC value for a region is the same CRC algorithm that the application uses to CRC the region at run time.
Generating a single CRC table for multiple regions
Before discussing how to do an actual CRC on a region at run time, let’s consider another LCF example in which a single CRC table can check multiple regions. There are two ways to create a single CRC table that applies to multiple regions. In crc_ex1.cmd, the crc_table() operator is applied to multiple output sections using the same user_specified_table_name argument for each section:
In this case, the linker generates a single CRC_TABLE data object, flash1_crc_table, that contains three CRC_RECORDs, one for each of the output sections to which a crc_table() operator was attached:
By collecting all three CRC_RECORDs into the same table, your application can perform CRC on all three output sections simultaneously by passing the address of the CRC_TABLE, flash1_crc_table, to the CRC routine.
Using separate crc_table() operators for each output section has a couple of benefits:
• You can indicate a separate CRC algorithm for each output section.
• The memory placement of each output section is independent from the other output sections that will be checked via the CRC_TABLE.
This snippet of crc_ex2.cmd shows how the application of a crc_table() operator to a GROUP specification creates a single CRC_TABLE, flash1_crc_table, for the three output section members of the GROUP:
Like the previous LCF example, the linker will create a single CRC_TABLE, flash1_crc_table, containing a vector of three CRC_RECORDs, one for each member of the GROUP:
The linker must create a separate CRC_RECORD for each member of the GROUP because there may be gaps between members of the GROUP containing unknown values. As in the previous LCF example, because the CRC table includes all three output sections, a CRC on all three of the output sections can happen at the same time.
While the crc_ex2.cmd example only requires a single crc_table() operator specification, there are a couple of caveats associated with applying a crc_table() operator to a GROUP:
• You can only indicate one CRC algorithm, which will be used for CRC on each output section represented in the CRC table.
• The memory placement of the output section members of the GROUP is ordered and contiguous according to the placement instructions attached to the GROUP.
How to perform CRC at run time
Now that you know how to get the linker to generate a CRC_TABLE data object for one or more regions on which you want to perform CRC at run time, you will need to include a software routine in your application that can read and process a CRC_TABLE to perform the actual CRC. Below is an example of a function, my_check_CRC(), that can read and process a linker-generated CRC_TABLE data object:
In this example function, the crc_tbl.h header file provides declarations for the CRC_TABLE and CRC_RECORD data structures, along with definitions of the available CRC algorithm IDs. Assume that the declarations of the calc_crcXXXX() functions are available in vcu_crc_functions.h. The CRC algorithm ID from each CRC_RECORD tells the run-time application which CRC algorithm function to call. As I mentioned earlier, the C2000 MCU linker allows you to specify one of six different CRC algorithms to use in calculating the CRC value. For example, if a CRC_RECORD identifies the CRC32_PRIME algorithm for a given region of memory, then the calc_crc32p1() function is called. The application will need to supply the calc_crc32p1() function definition. If no hardware support for CRC is available, then the algorithm can be computed in a C function. However, if the application is running on a C28x+VCU device, then the calc_crc32p1() function can use the special CRC instructions available on the device to calculate the CRC value so that it matches the crc_value stored in the CRC_RECORD.
The core of such a calc_crc32p1() function is a repeat block (RPTB) loop that spins through the memory region to be checked and uses the VCRC32L_1 and VCRC32H_1 instructions to calculate the CRC value for the region using the CRC32 polynomial 1:
You can find full examples using the CRC hardware support on C28x+VCU devices in the controlSUITE™ software package, accessible from the controlSUITE software download page on TI.com. If you have CCS installed, you can also access the controlSUITE software package from the CCS App Center. The controlSUITE software package contains example CCS projects that demonstrate the use of linker-generated CRC tables. Assembly language source is provided for functions that use CRC hardware support on C28x+VCU devices to calculate CRC values (look in the directory where you have controlSUITE software installed at controlSUITE/libs/dsp/VCU).
Additional resources
To learn more about linker-generated CRC tables in the C2000 MCU CGTs, see Section 8.9 and the appendix of the “TMS320C28x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide.”
Anonymous | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template:Did you know nominations/Sarah Collyer
The result was: promoted by Allen3 talk 15:52, 9 January 2015 (UTC)
Sarah Collyer
* ... that Sarah Collyer was expelled from the England women's cricket team for taking "an unauthorised holiday"?
* Reviewed: Simnia spelta
* Reviewed: Simnia spelta
5x expanded by Harrias (talk). Self nominated at 17:23, 30 December 2014 (UTC).
* Symbol confirmed.svg Expanded from 227 chars to 1575 chars. Hook is interesting and cited with a reliable source. No copy-vio found. QPQ done — Vensatry (ping) 16:20, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
* I had a look at this article to review earlier and thought some parts of the article, especially the hook, maybe focussed unduly on the negatives? I was going to have another look later but User:Vensatry beat me to it, ツStacey (talk) 17:34, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
* , for the article itself, it is simply a summary of the key points of her cricketing career: in international terms it wasn't a particularly glittering one, and there is little to no coverage of domestic women's cricket from this era, which is where she would have had more success. With regards to the hook, I simply chose the most interesting point from the article. There are clearly more positive things that could have been selected, but I can't see that any of them are particularly interesting. Personally I don't think this contravenes rule 4, but if you disagree, I would suggest placing a "?no" tag on the nomination, and we can work on it. Harrias talk 17:42, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
* I don't think the hook violates WP:NPOV. It isn't a subjective claim, but a fact that's been widely reported. — Vensatry (ping) 18:02, 31 December 2014 (UTC)
* I have made a couple of edits to the article as I felt it to be unfairly negative (mentioning things she didn't achieve) though I would believe that the sources contained this information. I agree that there doesn't seem to be anything else of particular interest in the article so without offering an alternative, I think the hook should go ahead. I feel better now the article seems less negative. ツStacey (talk) 18:35, 31 December 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Adaptogens - maintaining balance in a challenging world
Traditional chinese medicine ginseng
Adaptogens - maintaining balance in a challenging world
In striving for optimal well-being there’s nothing more important than being in a state of balance – mentally, emotionally and physically. Of course this optimal balance can be achieved by eating and drinking all the right things, exercising effectively, getting enough sleep and not getting stressed . . . All well and good – in theory. However, the fact is that in the real world, things happen! There will always be those things that knock us off centre, whether you’re dealing with chicken pox afflicted kids, running a marathon, a rather overly vigilant mother-in–law, rather too many late nights with your latest flame – or like me right now, burning the midnight oil to get this article in on time.
So, are there any ‘secret weapons’ that we can employ to support ourselves through a stressful period so that the stress doesn’t affect us so much – and which will help us to maintain a poised, balanced state?
The good news is that yes – in fact, there are several medicinal herbs that are exceedingly helpful in helping us to maintain our equilibrium – these are called “adaptogens”.
Adaptogens are plants that we can use to increase our ‘resilience’ – or immunity to stress. Adaptogenic herbs have a long history of use throughout all the healing traditions all over the world. In ancient, and not so ancient times, they were considered to be ‘tonics’ or ‘rejuvenators’ and would have been prescribed, prepared and dispensed by the community’s wise-woman. However, in 1947 the term ‘adaptogen’ was coined by Nikolai Lazarev to describe a plant that helps one to adapt to stressful circumstances (mentally, physically or emotionally).
For a plant to be considered to be an adaptogen it must meet three criteria:
• It must be safe and non-toxic
• It must be able to increase our resilience to stress
• It should support our health holistically, i.e. not simply by supporting one particular organ, but must help the whole body/mind achieve a state of balance. This state of balance is also termed ‘homeostasis’.
Adaptogens can be thought of as an elite class of plant medicine – which supports us in maintaining balance and thus health – regardless of external circumstances. In addition, adaptogens go further by improving our energy, stamina, endurance and are also known to improve mental clarity. Additionally, they are incredibly helpful in improving libido, sexual performance and enjoyment. It is particularly interesting that most adaptogens in common use today hail from thousands of years of use in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurveda – where, in both these traditions, healthy sexuality was considered to be a cornerstone of healthy longevity – and nowadays there is a whole field of scientific research that backs this up.
How adaptogens work
Imagine the thermostat in your home that reacts to changes in ambient temperature and acts to bring your home’s temperature up or down – to the level that you desire. Adaptogens are a little like this. It is intriguing how one herb can – for example – lower unhealthy high blood pressure and raise unhealthily low blood pressure – and return them to normal levels, or give you energy when you are exhausted and conversely calm you down when you are too wired. Some herbalists view this ability to be a form of plant ‘intelligence’. But, the question remains, why would plants evolve to do this? According to ethnobotanist, James Duke PhD, plants have to contend with lots of stressors themselves, so they developed this adaptogenic ability to survive. It is interesting to note that the most effective adaptogens actually come from some of the harshest environments in the world.
We don’t know exactly how adaptogens work – but research shows that they bring balance by acting on the following;
• Stress hormone production and adrenal function
• Neurotransmitter production and deployment
• Inflammatory response
• Energy levels and blood sugar metabolism
Jayney’s top 5 adaptogens
Important:
When looking for adaptogens or any herbal remedies, take notice of the Latin botanical name to be sure you’re getting a remedy from the right plant species. Don’t rely on common names as they vary widely. For example, there is much confusion among the ginsengs — see below.
Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
Ginseng is one of the most popular herbal remedies with a 5,000 year history of use. Ginseng’s botanical name “Panax” means “panacea” or “cure-all.” Ginseng is used to improve depression, exhaustion, cognitive performance, sleep, energy, sexual function, and immunity. Ginseng is the most stimulating of the adaptogens but because of this it can make anxiety and insomnia worse. If that’s the case, you might want to try ginseng’s close relative ‘American ginseng’.
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
American ginseng was used by several Native American tribes including the Cherokee and Iroquois as a healing tonic. American ginseng has a proven ability to enhance cognitive function. Since it’s considered less stimulating than Asian ginseng, American ginseng is a good choice for anxiety relief for anyone whose mind tends to race.
Siberian Ginseng - AKA Eluthero (Eleutherococcus senticosus)
Siberian ginseng has been used as a general health tonic for vigor and stamina and to treat respiratory conditions for over 2,000 years in China. Its benefits are similar to those of Asian ginseng even though it has different active components. This herb is a favorite in Russia where it’s used for physically demanding situations. Olympic athletes rely on it as a natural way to enhance performance and aid recovery after training.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)
One of the most important herbs in Ayurvedic medicine, Ashwagandha literally means “smell of the horse.” It is said to ‘bestow the strength and stamina of a horse’ on those who use it. All adaptogens reduce stress but ashwangandha excels in this area. It has been found to reduce stress and anxiety by 44 percent while decreasing the stress hormone cortisol by 28 percent. Studies show it can significantly improve anxiety, depression, and insomnia, and increase productivity. Ashwagandha is an excellent choice if you’re looking for an herb to enhance your overall quality of life.
Arctic Root (Rhodiola rosea)
Arctic root hails from cold northern regions of the world and has played an important role in both traditional Scandinavian and Chinese medicine. It was also used by the Vikings to increase physical and mental stamina. It is one of the most popular adaptogens being widely appreciated for its ability to increase physical vitality. It is unparalleled for overcoming fatigue and exhaustion due to prolonged stressful situations. It can help with depression by transporting serotonin precursors into the brain. It may even help you live longer. It’s also a useful aid when you want to quit caffeine since it can minimise withdrawal side effects. I often prescribe Rhodiola for my patients who are recovering from adrenal fatigue.
The COMPLEMENTARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (The CMA) © 2012. No part of this site may be reproduced without the express permission of The Complementary Medical Association. If used without prior consent a charge of US $1,000 per article, or mini section is paid (US $50 per word (minimum) will be charged. This is not meant to reflect a commercial rate for the content, but as a punitive cost and to reimburse The CMA for legal fees and time costs). Use of the contents, without permission will be taken as consent to bill the illegal user in full. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
My computer wont stop restarting
Hello,
My computer (laptop) wont stop restarting and the only way it will work (like right now) is in safe mode.
7 answers Last reply
More about computer wont stop restarting
1. Did this happen after a new software or driver was installed?
In that case uninstall it while in Safe mode.
Or when it boots up, press F8 and try selecting the option to boot from "Last known Good Configuration"
2. There was no new hardware installed. Ive tried to boot from last known config. and also restoring but no such luck
3. In safe mode go to Control panel/ system/ system properties/ advanced/startup and recovery. Uncheck the box that says automatically restart after sytem failure. instead of rebooting all the time it will now stop on a screen giving some details of what the fault is and give an indication of what to do to fix it
4. Ive tried turning off the restart after system failure but it didnt pop up with the code or even the blue screen...just still kept restarting. Buwish I will check out the link and see what happens there. Thanks everybody for your input
5. I had the same problem until I noticed that one of the usb connectors on the front was shorted. I disconnected it until I got another and bingo fixed!!! maybe its the same?
6. I will check that out..Its worth a try
Ask a new question
Read More
Laptops Safe Mode Computers Windows Vista | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
MicroRNA‐497/fibroblast growth factor‐23 axis, a predictive indictor for decreased major adverse cardiac and cerebral event risk in end‐stage renal disease patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Dianjun Liu, Silian Zhou, Huihui Mao
2020 Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (Print)
This study aimed at exploring the correlation of microRNA (miR)-497/fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) axis with major adverse cardiac and cerebral event (MACCE) occurrence in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who underwent continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Totally, 360 ESRD patients who underwent CAPD were enrolled. Their plasma samples were collected to detect miR-497 expression by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and FGF-23 level by enzyme-linked
more » ... osorbent assay. All patients were followed up for 36 months, and the occurrence of MACCE during the follow-up was documented. MiR-497 expression negatively correlated with FGF-23 level in ESRD patients who underwent CAPD (P < .001). The MACCE occurrence rate at 1, 2, and 3-year was 5.6%, 11.9%, and 15.0%, respectively. Furthermore, miR-497/FGF-23 axis high level (P < .001) and miR-497 high expression (P = .034) correlated with reduced accumulating MACCE occurrence, whereas FGF-23 high level (P = .008) correlated with increased accumulating MACCE occurrence. Forward stepwise multivariate Cox's regression disclosed that miR-497/FGF-23 axis high level (P = .008) was an independent predictive factor for lower accumulating MACCE occurrence, whereas age (≥55 years) (P < .001), body mass index (≥21.7 kg/m2 ) (P = .006), peritoneal dialysis duration (≥61.0 months) (P < .001), C-reactive protein (≥4.7 mg/L) (P = .001), serum uric acid (≥409.4 μmol/L) (P = .009), β-fibrinogen (≥5.8 mmol/L) (P < .001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥2.7 mmol/L) (P = .003) were independent factors for predicting higher accumulating MACCE occurrence. MiR-497/FGF-23 axis holds clinical significance for predicting attenuated MACCE risk in ESRD patients who underwent CAPD.
doi:10.1002/jcla.23220 pmid:32077150 fatcat:fu5ufogqqnegbeglncomdzycti | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
2022–23 FC Nantes season
The 2022–23 season was the 80th season in the history of FC Nantes and their 10th consecutive season in the top flight. The club participated in Ligue 1, the Coupe dr France, the Trophée des Champions and the UEFA Europa League. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023.
Despite a 14-match winless run between February and May, which led them being in danger of relegation, Les Canaris ultimately preserved their top flight status with a 1–0 win over Angers, and Auxerre 1–3 defeat to Lens, thus avoiding a return to the second tier of French football for the first time since the 2012–13 season.
Matches
The league fixtures were announced on 17 June 2022.
Group stage
The draw for the group stage was held on 26 August 2022.
Knockout round play-offs
The draw for the knockout round play-offs was held on 7 November 2022. | WIKI |
VPN PROXY MASTER
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What is the Difference Between TCP vs UDP?
What is the Difference Between TCP vs UDP?
VPN Tips· 5 minutes
Amber 2022/07/29
Last updated : 2022/07/29
VPN Tips
5 minutes
Just like us humans, it’s important for computers to have a common way to communicate with one another. Most computers if not all will do this through TCP/IP. This is normally built into most computers and is largely automated. However, it can be very useful to understand the TCP/IP model, especially when you are setting up a computer to connect with other systems. TCP/IP is definitely by far the most commonly used protocol suite on the web. Millions and millions of people use it on a daily basis, they might not even realize it!
TCP VS UDP
When setting up your internet router you may have heard of both TCP and UDP. You would have most probably also come across these terms when configuring firewall software or looking through VPN features.
Do you know the difference between the two? Firstly you should know exactly what they are before you try to even understand the difference between them.
WHAT IS TCP EXACTLY?
TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol. It is a connection-oriented protocol that computers will use in order to communicate over the internet. Not only is it one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks, but it also provides error checking. And it guarantees the delivery of data that packets will be delivered in the very same order that they were sent.
EXACTLY WHAT IS UDP?
UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol. It is a connectionless protocol that works exactly like TCP. However, it assumes that error checking plus recovery services are not really required. Whether they receive them or not a UDP will still continuously send datagrams to the recipient.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO?
Although they have many similarities they also have many differences too. They are by far the most commonly used protocols for sending packets over the internet. Both of them work on the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack, both also use the IP protocol too.
Listed below are some of the main differences between the two protocols.
Connection/Connectionless, what’s the difference?
UDP is a connectionless protocol, and TCP is a connection-oriented one. What a TCP does is establishes a connection between both the sender and the receiver, this is done before data can even be sent, whereas UDP doesn’t establish a connection before sending data.
HOW RELIABLE?
TCP is very reliable, any data which is sent while using a TCP protocol is 100% guaranteed to be delivered straight to the receiver. If on a rare occasion data is lost if transit it will eventually recover it and then resend it straight away.
So that data is not lost or corrupted TCP will check packets for possible errors and track packets.
UDP doesn’t provide 100% guaranteed delivery therefore it isn’t really reliable at all as a datagram packet may possibly become lost in transit or even corrupt.
What TCP does is uses a flow control mechanism. This insures that a sender is not overwhelming a receiver by sending way too many packets at one time. It will store data in a send buffer and receive it in a receiver buffer. It will read the data from the receive buffer once the application is ready.
Sometimes it can be that the receiver buffer is full, in this circumstance, the receiver wouldn’t be able to handle any more data. What would be the outcome? It would drop it!
In order to maintain the exact amount of data that can be sent to the receiver, the receiver would tell the sender just how much spare room there is available in the receiver buffer.
Every single time that a packet is received, a message will then be sent to the sender, and included will be the valve of the current receive window.
Unfortunately, UDP doesn’t provide flow control. Basically, packets will just arrive in a continuous stream or they will simply be dropped.
ORDERING
What TCP does is called ordering and sequencing, this guarantees that all of the packets sent from the server will 100% be delivered to the client in the same order as they were sent to them in the first place.
Again, UDP doesn’t operate this way and will send packets in any order.
SPEED
What might be surprising to some is that TCP is actually slower than UDP, this is because TCP has a lot more to do which is obviously going to slow it down! First TCP is to establish a connection, then it has to error check and 100% guarantee that the files are received in the exact same order they were sent.
USAGE
TCP is most definitely suited for applications that require a high level of reliability especially when the timing is less of a concern.
• Secure shell
• World Wide Web
• Email
• File transfer protocol
UDP is great when it comes to efficiency and speed therefore it’s best suited for applications that require this such as :
• Streaming videos
• Live broadcasts
• Online games
• Voice over Internet protocol
• Trivial file transfer protocol
• Domain name system
ADDITIONAL INFO
HOW CAN I POSSIBLY TELL WHAT MY TCP/IP ADDRESS IS?
Most if not all devices have their very own TCP/IP address, normally each device can communicate automatically, however sometimes you may need to manually provide your TCP/IP address, but it’s not something difficult to do. It’s very important to understand that TCP and IP are two completely separate computer network protocols.
The IP is the part that obtains the address to which data is sent, whereas TCP is responsible for data delivery after the IP address has been found!
Some friendly advice! Protecting your IP address is also very important, it’s just as important as your telephone number, obviously, you don’t need to hide it from everyone but you also don’t want to shout it from the rooftops either, so why not encrypt your packets with a VPN! A VPN is definitely the best way to insure that your data is encrypted and your packets are protected when they travel.
Explore the World with VPN Proxy Master Now!
Get VPN Proxy Master
Explore the World with VPN Proxy Master Now!
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The 2019 China Collegiate Programming Contest Harbin Site-----E,Exchanging Gifts
Meaning:
There are n sequences \ (s {i} \).
With n lines of input, there are two operations to get \ (s {i} \).
1, 1 m \(s_{i1}\) \(s_{i2}\) ...... \(s_{im}\) .
2. 2 x y means that this array is generated by the combination of arrays X and y.
Q: after rearrangement, the final array \ (s {n} \) can have at most several elements different from the original \ (s {n} \).
Idea:
First, let's look at the final answer. Obviously, after rearrangement, if the number of elements in the array that appear the most times is less than half of the length of the original array, the answer is the length of the original array. Otherwise, the answer is (array length - number of repetitions) * 2.
Method 1:
We need to look at the contribution times of each known array to the final array to get the final array. The number of contributions is required, and the contributions of the array are directly enumerated from n~1. After knowing the number of contributions, we can facilitate all the arrays we need, and then use map to record the number of all elements. Finally, you can find the total number of elements in the final array and the number of occurrences of the number with the most occurrences. The answer can be obtained (the complexity is greater than O(n), which is slower)
Method 2:
When calculating the contribution times of each array, directly enumerate the contribution of the array from n~1, and use an O (n) method to calculate the mode to calculate the occurrence times of the element with the most occurrences in the array. (O(n)).
You'd better read this question quickly, otherwise it's easy tle.
code:
Method 1:
//#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<bitset>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<set>
#include<list>
#include<deque>
#include<map>
#include<queue>
#define ll long long
#define MOD 1000000007
#define pdd pair<double,double>
#define mem(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a))
#define IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0)
using namespace std;
const long long INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps=1e-6;
const int maxn=1000005;
inline char nc() {static char buf[1000000],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,1000000,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;}
inline void read(int &sum) {char ch=nc();sum=0;while(!(ch>='0'&&ch<='9')) ch=nc();while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9') sum=(sum<<3)+(sum<<1)+(ch-48),ch=nc();}
int flag[maxn],in[maxn];
bool vis[maxn];
ll cnt[maxn];
int n,m;
vector<int>co[maxn];
vector<int>G[maxn];
map<int,ll>ans;
queue<int>q;
int op[maxn][3];
void init()
{
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
co[i].clear();
G[i].clear();
vis[i]=in[i]=cnt[i]=0;
if(!q.empty())q.pop();
}
ans.clear();
}
void gao()
{
for(int i=n;i>=1;i--){
if(flag[i]==2){
cnt[op[i][1]]+=cnt[i];
cnt[op[i][2]]+=cnt[i];
}
}
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
if(cnt[i]!=0&&flag[i]==1){
for(auto j:co[i]){
ans[j]+=cnt[i];
}
}
}
ll sum=0,maxx=0;
for(auto &i:ans){
sum+=i.second;
if(i.second>maxx)maxx=i.second;
}
if(maxx*2>=sum){
printf("%lld\n",(sum-maxx)*2);
}else{
printf("%lld\n",sum);
}
}
int main()
{
int T;
IO;
read(T);
while(T--){
read(n);
init();
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
read(flag[i]);
if(flag[i]==1){
read(m);
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
int x;
read(x);
co[i].push_back(x);
}
}else{
read(op[i][1]);
read(op[i][2]);
}
}
cnt[n]=1;
gao();
}
return 0;
}
Method 2:
//#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<bitset>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
#include<set>
#include<list>
#include<deque>
#include<map>
#include<queue>
#define ll long long
#define MOD 1000000007
#define pdd pair<double,double>
#define mem(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a))
#define IO ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0)
using namespace std;
const long long INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double eps=1e-6;
const int maxn=1000005;
inline char nc() {static char buf[1000000],*p1=buf,*p2=buf;return p1==p2&&(p2=(p1=buf)+fread(buf,1,1000000,stdin),p1==p2)?EOF:*p1++;}
inline void read(int &sum) {char ch=nc();sum=0;while(!(ch>='0'&&ch<='9')) ch=nc();while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9') sum=(sum<<3)+(sum<<1)+(ch-48),ch=nc();}
int n,m;
vector<int>co[maxn];
ll cnt[maxn];
int flag[maxn];
int op[maxn][3];
void solve()
{
cnt[n]=1;
for(int i=n;i>=1;i--){
if(flag[i]==2){
cnt[op[i][1]]+=cnt[i];
cnt[op[i][2]]+=cnt[i];
}
}
//
ll tot=0,val=0;
ll all=0;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
if(flag[i]==1&&cnt[i]>0){
for(auto x:co[i]){
if(val==0){
tot+=cnt[i];
val=x;
continue;
}else if(val==x){
tot+=cnt[i];
}else{
tot-=cnt[i];
if(tot<0){
tot=-tot;
val=x;
}
}
}
all+=co[i].size()*cnt[i];
}
}
tot=0;
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
if(cnt[i]>0&&flag[i]==1){
for(auto v:co[i]){
if(v==val)tot+=cnt[i];
}
}
}
//cout<<"aa"<<all<<" "<<tot<<endl;
if(tot*2>=all){
cout<<(all-tot)*2<<endl;
}else{
cout<<all<<endl;
}
}
int main()
{
IO;
int T;
read(T);
while(T--){
read(n);
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
co[i].clear();
cnt[i]=0;
read(flag[i]);
if(flag[i]==1){
read(m);
for(int j=1;j<=m;j++){
int x;
read(x);
co[i].push_back(x);
}
}else{
read(op[i][1]);
read(op[i][2]);
}
}
solve();
}
return 0;
}
Posted by grayson on Fri, 13 May 2022 13:57:39 +0300 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Whether youre hoping to use CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT for your health or perhaps you want to find a great brand, you may have a lot of questions about whether or not it can be safe to eat. While it may be true that CBD is completely legal generally in most states, there are some risks linked with using CBD.
Unlike alcohol and opioids, it could be impossible to overdose on CBD. That’s because it takes a great absurd volume https://www.pinterest.com/catholicicing/st-valentines-day/ of effort to reach potentially lethal dosage in humans.
The most serious risk of CBD is that it can interact with a lot of medications. If you’re acquiring certain sorts of blood thinners, for instance, CBD can easily increase their amounts in your blood.
This could cause bleeding or other risky unwanted side effects. It can also interact with some anti-seizure medications, so speak to your doctor before adding CBD to your wellness routine.
It’s also important to note that CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT can affect your liver. It may occupy cytochrome P450 digestive enzymes that are used to break down medicines.
That can help to make some medications less effective, or even cause them to become unavailable for you should you be taking a pharmaceutical drug. In addition , should you be breastfeeding or pregnant, CBD could pass with your baby throughout your breast milk and placenta.
Because of this , validcbdoil.com/best-cbd-cigarettes/ is considered so important to pick out a top quality CBD merchandise that has been confirmed by thirdparty lab examining. This can include terpene profiles, pesticide and rock reports, as well as a License of Analysis. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Kyarazaa
Kyarazaa (Кьаразаа) is a public organisation in Abkhazia, founded on 23 February 2016 in opposition to the Government of President Khajimba. It is headed by Dmitri Dbar, who had been dismissed as Sukhumi's police chief in May 2015 after two confrontations between members of the police and the State Security Service. Its target group is young people and its stated aim is to consolidate society and strengthen Abkhazian statehood. On 2 March, it voiced its support for the planned referendum to hold an early presidential election. The referendum, held in July, ultimately failed due to low turnout after a boycott by both government and opposition supporters.
On 6 December, Kyarazaa, along with Aitaira, signed a cooperation agreement with the Bloc of Opposition Forces. | WIKI |
Talk:Federal Music Project
Dates needed
Dates for this project are needed. Badagnani 09:24, 19 November 2006 (UTC)
Refs need proper format.
Nothing is cited inline and code tags are appearing in the Reflist area. This should be cleaned up and refs placed with the sections to which they refer. Ebonyskye (talk) 00:09, 3 October 2009 (UTC)
Develop "Decline and Termination" Section
It'd be insightful to describe the ripple effect of terminating the Federal Music Project/ WPA Music Program for musicians following the Great Depression Ashtronaut101 (talk) 21:01, 28 January 2024 (UTC) | WIKI |
A Tremor of Bliss
A Tremor of Bliss: Sex, Catholicism, and Rock 'n' Roll is a non-fiction book about sexual morality, Catholicism and religion in the United States written by Mark Judge. Prior to research on the work, Judge's background in Catholicism included education at Catholic schools Georgetown Preparatory School and Catholic University of America. Judge's previous books, including Wasted: Tales of a GenX Drunk and God and Man at Georgetown Prep chronicled his time at Catholic school.
In A Tremor of Bliss Judge argues that the sexual revolution in 1960s United States resulted in a decline in American values which previously had been rooted in Christian theology. He criticizes abortion, birth control, pornography, and sexual liberation. Judge advocates a return to a religious morality to combat what he views as evils in society and inappropriate attitudes towards sexuality in the U.S.
Judge's work received reviews in The Washington Times and First Things. Writing for The Washington Times, Jeremy Lott observed that A Tremor of Bliss served as a form of confessional about the author's personal life. First Things called the book, "An insightful history of the rise of contraception in the last century".
Contents summary
A Tremor of Bliss recounts the author's experiences in Catholic school during the 1970s and 1980s. In particular, he describes his time at Georgetown Preparatory School during his secondary education and how they approached sex education. Judge writes that his sex education teacher, Bernie Ward, went on to move to San Francisco and lead a talk show focusing on left-wing politics. noting that "Ward would also be arrested and convicted for sending pornographic images of children over the Internet." Judge recalls that in the initial lecture about sex education Ward gave an assignment to read about feminism and sexual activity written by Betty Friedan. Judge criticized Ward for de-emphasizing virtuous religious values and embracing liberal ideas about sex and women's bodies.
Judge argues that liberalism has encouraged a society embracing pornography, which he says is a danger to American culture. Judge cites his own Catholic school background to discuss the broader topic of sex education and its impact on him as a youth. He criticizes American sexual mores including hookup culture, abortion, and the sexual revolution in the United States. and criticizes baby boomers, an age group to which he belongs. Judge examines why, in his view, the sexual revolution in 1960s United States led to a decline in American values and an exodus from religious conservatism. He cites lyrics from contemporary rock and roll music to argue his point about the decrease in virtues in American society. Judge discusses the impact of musicians, including Louis Armstrong and Justin Timberlake, on American society.
A Tremor of Bliss presents a chronology of birth control in the United States. He discusses the leadership roles in the birth control movement of Margaret Sanger, and sexual attitude changes in American society as furthered by the research of Alfred Kinsey. The author discusses the encyclical Humanae vitae written by Pope Paul VI and its attempts to argue a return to traditional Catholic values regarding sexuality. Judge recounts the history of moral theologian Charles Curran. Pope John Paul II is featured in a hagiographic fashion as a protagonist of the book. Judge recounts Theology of the Body by John Paul II, and argues that it is a model for how Catholic teachings can be incorporated into American societal views on sex. Judge also extols the views of some other Christian theological writers including Hans Urs von Balthasar and Dietrich von Hildebrand. Judge heavily criticizes the views of Catholic commentators Andrew Sullivan and E.J. Dionne. Judge subsequently states that he supports same-sex marriage in the United States.
The author recounts intimate details from his own sexual history to illustrate his points in A Tremor of Bliss. He states that he engaged in frequent sexual activity, and describes a girlfriend whom he refers to as Ellen, and relates how Ellen discovered she was pregnant by the author, and had an abortion without first informing him. Judge discusses the impact of this on him. At first he says the impact was minimal, due to his liberal sex education as taught by Ward at Georgetown Preparatory School. This informed him that condom use was encouraged, and that the anti-abortion movements was akin to a form of fascism. He recounts that he cried when he heard about the abortion. He describes her choice as a disaster and a catastrophe tied to his narcissism and his sexual liberalism.
A Tremor of Bliss argues for a counterrevolution rooted in Catholic beliefs to serve as a counter to the original sexual revolution in the United States. Judge criticizes what he views as a liberal attitude towards sexuality in the United States, and believes Catholic education can serve as a counter-balance to these.
Composition and publication
Prior to writing A Tremor of Bliss, Judge had worked as a journalist in his early twenties. He was a freelance writer in 1989 in the Washington, D.C. area. Judge received his bachelor of arts degree from Catholic University of America in 1990. By 1990 he had become a contributor to The Progressive, In These Times and Sojourners. Judge briefly taught at Georgetown University but left in the 1990s. Before publishing A Tremor of Bliss, Judge's previously published books included: Wasted: Tales of a GenX Drunk, If It Ain't Got That Swing, Damn Senators, and God and Man at Georgetown Prep.
By August 2008, Judge had contracted with Doubleday with plans to publish A Tremor of Bliss in 2009, under the planned title of A Tremor of Bliss: Sex and the American Catholic Church. A Tremor of Bliss was first released in a print format, in hardcover edition, in 2010. An eBook edition was released the same year. Judge led a discussion forum in 2010 on themes in A Tremor of Bliss, at the Catholic Information Center in Washington, D.C. By September 2010, A Tremor of Bliss had reached the "Catholic Bestsellers" printed in Publishers Weekly.
Critical reception
A Tremor of Bliss received a review from Jeremy Lott in The Washington Times, who said "Some authors try to separate themselves from their arguments. Mr. Judge's books tend toward the confessional." Lott's review concluded, "Judge proposes a Catholic sexual counterrevolution, though he doesn't want to call it that. What he clearly does want is U.S. Catholic education to play a vital role in countering the current almost-anything-goes culture."
First Things contributor Matthew Kenefick wrote in his review of A Tremor of Bliss, "An insightful history of the rise of contraception in the last century provides the most valuable material in A Tremor of Bliss." Kenefick recommended the book, concluding, "A Tremor of Bliss is a book well worth reading from an author unafraid of showing some 'attitude.'" | WIKI |
Johannes Andreas Schmitz
Johannes Andreas Schmitz (1621, Soest, Nordrhein-Westfalen – 2 October 1652, Harderwijk) was a German physician and the third rector of the University of Harderwijk.
Life
Schmitz studied medicine in Groningen (1639), Leiden (1643), and Angers. He served as personal physician to Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg, and as city physician in Harderwijk (Reip. Harderv. Medicus ordinarius). He became Professor of Medicine (1648) and rector (1650) of the University of Harderwijk. He married Gertrud Kumpsthoff and had a son Johann Dietrich Schmitz (1648/1649-1692), who became mayor of Cleves, and a daughter Sophia (c. 1644-1671).
Works
Schmitz is known for his posthumous work Medicinae practicae compendium (Harderwijk 1653, Copenhagen 1659, Paris 1666, Utrecht 1682, Leiden 1688). Georgius Hornius' preface to this work mentions the deceased author's never-realized plan to publish a botanical work, Plantarum Velavicarum Historia. | WIKI |
Brotula (genus)
Brotula is a genus of cusk-eels. It is the only genus in the subfamily Brotulinae.
Species
There are currently six recognized species in this genus:
* Brotula barbata (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Bearded brotula)
* Brotula clarkae C. L. Hubbs, 1944 (Pacific bearded brotula)
* Brotula flaviviridis D. W. Greenfield, 2005
* Brotula multibarbata Temminck & Schlegel, 1846 (Goatsbeard brotula)
* Brotula ordwayi Hildebrand & F. O. Barton, 1949 (Ordway's brotula)
* Brotula townsendi Fowler, 1900 (Townsend's cusk eel) | WIKI |
How indoor air pollutants degrade your health?
December 03, 2018 | 05:00 AM
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There is no doubt that air around us has become disastrously polluted and it is not just limited to a particular region or city but in most parts of the country. If you think that only outside air is polluted, you need to recheck as indoor air pollution is more dangerous than the outside air. In fact, doctors say that the air you breathe inside your home or office could prove dangerous for your health.
According to a report, Indoor air pollution can be up to 5 times higher than outdoor air pollution and can be equally dangerous. The condition tends to worsen during winter months when wind speed decreases. This polluted air can leave harmful effects on your health.
The effects of indoor air pollutants on your health can be both short-term and long-term. The short-term effects include eye and throat irritation whereas long-term consequences could include respiratory diseases and even cancer. The prolonged exposure to high levels of harmful pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, can lead to irrevocable health consequences.
Short-Term Effects
Nasal Congestion and Eye Irritation
One of the most common damaging effects of indoor air pollutants is that they can lead to chronic sinus problems. The most general symptoms of these problems are nasal congestion, stuffed up nose, running nose and loss of smell. Apart from your nose and throat, indoor air pollutants, when in large concentration, can cause eye irritations as well.
Hypersensitivity and Allergies
Another common short-term effect of indoor air pollutants is allergies. Pollutants like pollen, dust mites and mould can trigger allergic reactions in people, which causes symptoms like sneezing, coughing, itchy and watery eyes. Long-term exposure to these can lead to the development of hypersensitivity in people.
Rhinitis and Bronchitis
Harmful indoor pollutants like particulate matter and solid fuel smokes can cause serious complications like Rhinitis and Bronchitis. People exposed to indoor sources of PM2.5 and PM10 are at an increased risk of developing rhinitis symptoms such as a runny nose and mucus.
Long-Term Effects
Cardiovascular problems
Long-term exposure to pollution can have inflammatory effects on the heart, causing chronic cardiovascular problems. People should be particularly concerned about fine particles such as PM2.5. Once such microscopic pollutants enter the body, they begin to irritate the lungs and blood vessels around the heart. Data suggests that over time accumulation of these tiny pollutants can aggravate or upsurge the disease.
Respiratory disorders
The most common effect of breathing polluted air for a long time is the development of respiratory disorders. Exposure to harmful pollutants for a long time can trigger new cases of asthma or worsen an existing respiratory illness in a person. It can even lead to the development of chronic respiratory illnesses including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and emphysema.
Damage to liver, kidneys and brain
Breathing polluted air for a longer period of time can also result in irreversible damage to crucial organs like the brain, kidneys, liver and nerves.
The air quality of your home makes a huge difference in your health. Poor air quality is the reason behind problems such as respiratory diseases and heart & lung diseases.
However, we believe that prevention is better than cure. That’s why Daikin Air Purifiers features true HEPA filter that eliminates 99.97% of indoor air pollutants. So, if you want to make sure that you don’t suffer from any of the above issues, you should consider investing in an Air Purifier. This is an important and wise step for not only your better health but also the good health of your loved ones and family.
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Here are 5 Interesting Fact about the Hobbits of Middle Earth.
01. History and Origin
Just as Hobbits often call Men the “Big Folk”, Men familiar with Hobbits (especially those living in Bree) often call them the “Little Folk”. Another word for Hobbits in the Common Speech is “Halflings”, a name translated from the Sindarin word, Periannath (Perian for singular) and used by the Dúnedain. However, at least one politely requests being called a hobbit instead, implying the word may be inadvertently offensive to them.
The exact origins of the Hobbits are unknown and it is also unknown what Age the Hobbits first appeared in. Hobbits are known to have originated somewhere in the Valley of the Anduin River. During their early history, there were three subspecies of Hobbit. By the time they were discovered by the other peoples of Middle-earth, they had already been around for many generations. The earliest known group of hobbits lived in the Valley of Anduin, between Mirkwood and the Misty Mountains . According to The Lord of the Rings, they have lost the genealogical details of how they are related to the Big People. At this time, there were three breeds, or tribes, of Hobbits, with different physical characteristics and temperaments: Harfoots, Stoors and Fallohides. While situated in the valley of the Anduin River, the Hobbits lived close by the Éothéod, the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and this led to some contact between the two. As a result, many old words and names in “Hobbitish” are derivatives of words in Rohirric.
About the year TA 1050, they undertook the arduous task of crossing the Misty Mountains. Reasons for this trek are unknown, but they possibly had to do with Sauron’s growing power in nearby Greenwood, which was later named Mirkwood because of the shadow that fell on it as Sauron searched the area for the One Ring . The Hobbits took different routes in their journey westward, but as they began to settle together in Bree-land, Dunland, and the Angle formed by the rivers Mitheithel (Hoarwell) and Bruinen (Loudwater); the divisions between the Hobbit-kinds began to blur.
In the year 1601 of the Third Age, two Fallohide brothers named Marcho and Blanco gained permission from the King of Arnor at Fornost to cross the River Baranduin and settle on the other side. Many Hobbits followed them, and most of the territory they had settled in the Third Age was abandoned. Only Bree and a few surrounding villages lasted to the end of the Third Age. The new land that they founded on the west bank of the Brandywine was called the Shire. The crossing of the Brandywine, as the hobbits called it, was the event that led to the settlement of the Shire, thus the Shire Reckoning began. Originally, the Hobbits of the Shire swore nominal allegiance to the last Kings of Arnor, being required only to acknowledge their lordship, speed their messengers, and keep the bridges and roads in repair. During the final fight against Angmar at the Battle of Fornost, the Hobbits maintain that they sent a company of archers to help, but this is recorded nowhere else. After the battle, the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed, and in absence of the king, the Hobbits elected a Thain of the Shire from among their own chieftains. The first Thain of the Shire was Bucca of the Marish, who founded the Oldbuck family. However, the Oldbuck family later crossed the Brandywine River to create the separate land of Buckland and the family name changed to the familiar “Brandybuck”. Their patriarch then became Master of Buckland. With the departure of the Oldbucks/Brandybucks, a new family was selected to have its chieftains be Thain: the Took family (Indeed, Pippin Took was son of the Thain and would later become Thain himself). The Thain was in charge of Shire Moot and Muster and the Hobbitry-in-arms, but as the Hobbits of the Shire led entirely peaceful, uneventful lives, the office of Thain was seen as something more of a formality. The major political power in the Shire was actually held by the Mayor of Michel Delving (the Shire’s chief township). His duties included overseeing the post and the “police” force (Shirriffs); he was also obliged to preside at banquets. The Hobbits’ numbers dwindled, and their stature became progressively smaller after the Fourth Age. However, they are sometimes spoken of in the present tense, and the prologue “Concerning Hobbits” in The Lord of the Rings states that they have survived into Tolkien’s day.
02. Culture and Lifestyle
Most Hobbits enjoyed farming, food, ales, parties and the giving and receiving of presents. They were usually friendly and happy-go-lucky, although they were often shy of Men. Hobbits prefer a quiet, normal, and peaceful life, which is why Gandalf was frowned upon sometimes, because he brought adventure to Bilbo. Many of them had seen him returning from his long journey to the Lonely Mountain (the journey told of in The Hobbit) with his steed laden with great chests of gold. They also have developed a keen taste in the smoking of Pipe-weed and blowing smoke rings. This was first started by Tobold Hornblower of Longbottom in the Southfarthing. They were very ignorant and knew little of the happenings of the world. They dwell in Hobbit-holes (known as Smials).
Hobbits, particularly those of the Shire are very insular and are suspicious of other people from other places and anything that disturbs the peace. Hobbits refer to people outside the Shire as Outsiders, being a very broad term, were simply those foreign to any region. Just as hobbits consider themselves to be right and proper when compared to the outsiders, others consider the hobbits to be the strange, little folk.
Hobbits are fond of an unadventurous bucolic life of farming, eating, and socializing. According to Jackson’s trilogy, they enjoy seven meals a day, when they can get them: breakfast, second breakfast, elevensies, luncheon, afternoon tea, dinner, and, later in the evening, supper. In the book, however, supper is simply an alternative name for dinner; Bilbo only served three official meals at his Birthday Party: lunch, tea, and dinner (or supper). They like simple food such as bread, meat, potatoes, and cheese, and also like to drink ale, often in inns — not unlike the English country folk, who were Tolkien’s inspiration. They have also been known to have a particular fondness for cake. The name Tolkien chose for one part of Middle-earth where the Hobbits live, “The Shire”, is clearly reminiscent of the English Shires. Hobbits also enjoy smoking herbs, which they refer to as “pipe-weed”, out of long wooden pipes. This can be attributed to their love of gardening and herb-lore (as exemplified by Sam Gamgee). Another interesting fact is that hobbits have an inordinate liking of mushrooms, prizing them above many other foods. A common pursuit for younger hobbits is mushroom-hunting, and Frodo Baggins said he had stolen Farmer Maggot’s mushrooms on at least one occasion. Some Hobbits live in hobbit-holes, known as “smials” which resembled the characteristics of the original places where they dwelt underground. They were found in hillsides, downs, and banks. By the late Third Age, only rich and poor hobbits continued to live in smials; the middle-class hobbits usually lived in large, low buildings, like Brandy Hall. Almost every building in the Shire has round doors and windows, a feature more practical to tunnel-dwelling that the Hobbits retained in their later structures.
03 .Types of Hobbits
The Harfoots were the most common Hobbits. They were smaller and shorter than the other kinds and had browner skin. They did not grow beards and rarely wore shoes or boots. They were skilled with their hands and feet and preferred hillsides and highlands to live in. In ancient times, they had frequent contact with the Dwarves of Middle-earth and lived in the foothills of the mountains for a long time. While the other varieties of Hobbits were still in the Wilderland, the Harfoots moved west, travelling across Eriador as far as Weathertop.
The Stoors often chose to live near water or on flat land. They were broader and heavier in build than the other Hobbits and their feet and hands were larger. They were the most reluctant variety of Hobbit to leave the River Anduin, where some Stoors continued to stay. Others travelled west after the Harfoots and followed the River Loudwater southward. Many of the Stoors settled between Tharbad and the borders of Dunland before they continued north.
The Fallohides, who preferred trees and woodland, were the least common variety of Hobbits. They had fairer skin and hair and were taller and slimmer than the others. They also had better relations with the elves of Middle-earth, were more skilled with language and song, and preferred hunting to tilling. They crossed the mountains north of Rivendell and then followed the River Hoarwell.
Although the Hobbits took different routes west, they eventually arrived in a land between the River Baranduin (which they renamed the Brandywine) and the Weather Hills. There, they founded many settlements, and the divisions between the varieties of Hobbits began to blur. By TA 3001, the Hobbits of the Shire included families of Bagginses, Boffins, Tooks, Brandybucks, Grubbs, Chubbs, Hornblowers, Bolgers, Bracegirdles, and Proudfoots.
Originally, Fallohides were often found as leaders among clans of the other Hobbits. Around the year TA 1600, two Fallohide brothers, Marcho and Blanco, decided to journey across the River Brandywine and settle on the other side. Large groups of Hobbits followed them, and most of their former territory was depopulated. The Hobbits who had left called their new home the Shire.
The Hobbits of the Shire originally swore their allegiance to the last Kings of Arnor. However, after the Battle of Fornost, the kingdom of Arnor was destroyed. To replace the king’s authority and leadership, the Hobbits elected their first Thain of the Shire, Bucca of the Marish, from among their own chieftains. The Thain was responsible for mustering the Shire-Moot and -Muster, and leading the Hobbitry-in-arms in emergency situations. However, conflict rarely threatened the Hobbits of the Shire, and the Thain usually had no need to exercise his authority.
04. Appearance and Age
In the prologue to The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien said that Hobbits are between two and four feet (0.6m-1.2m) tall, the average height being three feet six inches. They are not quite as stocky as the similarly-sized dwarves, but still tend to be stout, with slightly pointed ears. Tolkien describes Hobbits as the following:
“I picture a fairly human figure, not a kind of fairy rabbit as some of my British reviewers seem to fancy: fattish in the stomach, shortish in the leg. A round, jovial face; ears only slightly pointed and ‘elvish’; hair short and curling (brown). The feet from the ankles down, covered with brown hairy fur that are extremely small. Clothing: green velvet breeches; red or yellow waistcoat; brown or green jacket; gold (or brass) buttons; a dark green hood and cloak (belonging to a dwarf).”
In the Prologue to The Lord of the Rings, he wrote that they dress in bright colours, favouring yellow and green. Nowadays (according to Tolkien’s fiction), they are very shy creatures, but they are and have been capable of amazing things. They are adept with slings and throwing stones. Their feet are covered with curly hair (usually brown, as is the hair on their heads) and have leathery soles, so most Hobbits hardly ever wear shoes. Hobbits (Halflings) are often depicted with large feet for their size, perhaps to visually emphasize their unusual nature. This is especially prominent in the influential illustrations by the Brothers Hildebrandt and the large prosthetic feet used in the films by Peter Jackson. Tolkien does not specifically give size as a generic hobbit trait, but does makes it the distinctive trait of Proudfoot hobbit clan. Hobbits can sometimes live for up to one hundred and thirty years, although their average life expectancy is one hundred years. The time at which a young Hobbit “comes of age” is thirty-three. Thus, a fifty-year-old Hobbit would only look 26–30 years by human standards.
The Hobbits had a distinct calendar, every year started on a Saturday and ended on a Friday, with each of the twelve months consisting of thirty days. Some special days did not belong to any month – Yule 1 and 2 (New Year’s Eve and New Years Day) and three Lithedays in mid summer. Every fourth year there was an extra Litheday.
Most Hobbits lived longer than Men, a race of which they were an off-shoot. The average lifespan of a Hobbit was about 100 years, though it was not unusal for a Hobbit to live as many as three decades beyond that. The time at which a young Hobbit matured and was accepted as an adult was 33, compared to a Man’s 18 years. Thus, a 50-year-old Hobbit would only be middle-aged. The most distinguishing feature of Hobbits was their short stature. They were smaller than Dwarves and were usually between two and four feet in height. With the gradual passing of time, Hobbits became even shorter. By the Third Age, they were usually less than three feet tall. Hobbits’ ears were slightly pointed and their large furry feet had leathery soles, so they generally didn’t need (and rarely wore) shoes or boots. Tolkien wrote that a typical Hobbit had a “round, jovial face; ears only slightly pointed and ‘elvish’.” Hobbits were skilled listeners and had good eyesight. Although they were inclined to be fat and did not hurry unnecessarily, they were also nimble and deft in their movements. In The Hobbit, Bilbo manages to sneak up on the Trolls without their hearing him because he, like all Hobbits, could walk around very quietly. The Hobbits who lived in the Shire dressed in bright colors and were fond of yellow and green. Their hair usually ranges from a light or dark brown to blonde to a golden red and is almost always curly.
The Hobbits of the Shire developed the custom of giving away gifts on their birthdays instead of receiving them. They use the term Mathom for old and assorted objects, which are invariably given as presents many times over or are stored in a museum (Mathom-house).
Instead of saying “one hundred and twelve” they say “eleventy two” and that with every other three plus digit number (although in Jackson’s Trilogy, Bilbo tells the party-goers that it was his One Hundred and Eleventh Birthday). | FINEWEB-EDU |
Talk:Semi-Tough/Archive 1
Bismark or Bismarck ?
Various sources that all fit WP:RS use both interchangeably. My thanks to to just picking "Bismark" and making it uniform throughout the article. It looks much nicer. Cirt 23:08, 27 October 2007 (UTC).
GA Assessment
See review at subpage, /GA1. Cirt (talk) 20:26, 27 July 2008 (UTC) | WIKI |
Andøya Air Station
Andøya Air Station (Andøya Flystasjon) is a military air station in Andøy Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The station is located near the village of Andenes at the northern end of the island of Andøya in the Vesterålen archipelago. 333 Squadron of the Royal Norwegian Air Force was based here with Lockheed P-3C Orions. As of Q2 2024, the government has made a proposal in regard to reverting an earlier decision to close the airbase.
The civil airport Andøya Airport, Andenes and the civilian sounding rocket launch facility Andøya Rocket Range are also located on the island.
History
The first idea of building a military airport was launched at a NATO meeting in Lisbon in 1951. In March 1952 the Norwegian Minister of Defence, Nils Langhelle announced that the airport was going to be built. There were multiple suggested locations, and the decision fell on the village Haugnes. The entire village with 310 residents was expropriated to give enough area for the airport. The community at Andøy only had 2000 residents at the time, and a large growth was expected.
A Douglas Dakota was the first aircraft landing on September 17, 1954. The air station was operational from the fall of 1957. The headquarters were located about 13 km away at Skarsteindalen, as part of NATOs spread tactic. In 1961 the first squadron, the 333, was moved to the air station, from Sola Air Station, with HU-16B Albatross aircraft.
After a period of solely military use, civilian services commenced on April 2, 1964. The first scheduled commercial flight was flown by Scandinavian Airlines with a Metropolitan. In 1968 the second runway was completed. In the 1970s the airport became part of the new network of regional airports in Lofoten and Vesterålen with government subsidised operations using de Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft seating 20 and operated by Widerøe.
In 1969 the Albatrosses were replaced by P-3B Orion aircraft. The P-3B lacked the ability to work with the Norwegian Coast Guard, and in 1989 they were sold to the Spanish Air Force. They were replaced with new P-3C aircraft. Following the end of the Cold War in the 1990s the air station has been reduced.
The Norwegian parliament decided in November 2016 to close the air station. The station was until 30 June 2023 the base for 333 squadron, which from then on operates from Evenes Air Station. According to a white paper from the Defense Ministry in 2022, Andøya will be a “permanent military reception base for allied forces.”
Accidents and incidents
* On February 1, 1982, a Lockheed SR-71, tail number 980, diverted to the airport. It stayed there four days before being flown out.
* On July 31, 1988, four people died when a private Cessna 172 aircraft crashed west of the airport just after takeoff. | WIKI |
Austin Airport (Nevada)
Austin Airport is a public use airport owned by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management five miles southwest of Austin, in Lander County, Nevada.
Many U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but this airport is TMT to the FAA and ASQ to the IATA (which assigned TMT to Porto Trombetas Airport in Pará, Brazil).
Facilities
Austin Airport covers 1,205 acres (488 ha) at an elevation of 5,735 feet (1,748 m). Its single runway, 18/36, is 5,999 by 75 feet (1,829 x 23 m).
In the year ending June 24, 2020, the airport had 3,720 aircraft operations, average 71 per month: 84% general aviation, 10% air taxi, and 7% military. Four aircraft were then based at this airport, all single-engine. | WIKI |
User:Givememyusername/ENES-100/Project 0
Week1 Narrative
Here the associated /CDIO/ page.
My First Task
Plan and mock up of an "auto-syringe" using two Klann linkages.
Week2 Narrative
I went back and forth from planning to build a Jansen linkage or a Klann. I decided that the Klann would be best for the Auto-Syringe. | WIKI |
Page:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition, v. 14.djvu/825
LOGIC 801 tration of elementary logical relations by numerical or algebraic signs or by diagrammatic schemata. The expression has the signi fication which it bears in mathematical analysis, and implies that the general relations of dependence among objects of thought, of whatsoever kind, in correspondence with which operations of per fectly general character are carried out, shall be represented by sym bols, the laws of which are determined by the nature of these rela tions or by the laws of the corresponding operations. The mere use of abbreviations for the objects of treatment is not the application of a symbolic method ; but so soon as the general relations of, or general operations with, these objects are represented by symbols, and the laws of such symbols stated as deductions therefrom, there arises the possibility of a symbolic development or method of treat ment, which may lead to more or less expanded results according as the significance of the symbolic laws is more or less general. Tims quantity, whether discrete or continuous, presents, as an aspect of phenomena, relations of a highly general kind, offers itself as object of operations of a highly general kind, and is therefore peculiarly the subject of symbolic treatment. Currently, indeed, the treat ment of quantity is assumed to have the monopoly of symbolism, but such an assumption is not self-evidently true, and it is permis sible to inquire whether matters non-quantitative do not present relations of such generality that they, too, can be symbolically dealt with. It is, however, a further question whether the generality of the relations and therefore the significance of the symbols in such case?, although subject to some special conditions not necessarily involved in the nature of quantity, do not spring from the fact that we treat the matters as quantities of a special kind, and so insen sibly find ourselves applying quantitative methods. In other words, it remains to be investigated, after the preliminary definitions and axioms of any symbolic method have been laid down, whether the conception of thought with which we start, or a special feature dis tinctly quantitative in character, has been the truly fruitful element in after-development of the system. 2 The first step in any symbolic logic must evidently be the deter- mination of the nature and laws of the symbols, and, as these follow from the nature of the operations of thought, the first step is like wise a statement of the essential characteristic of thinking. As above noted, there have been adopted various modes of expressing this characteristic, and in some cases the mode adopted is not one from which any generally applicable symbolic rules of procedure could have followed. 3 Two only require here to be noted, as repre senting special views : first, that which proceeds from the idea of thought as essentially the process of grouping, classing, determin ing a definite set of objects by a mark or notion ; and second, that which proceeds more generally from the conception of thought as consisting of a series of self-identical units, to be variously combined in obedience to the law of self-identity. 4 Adopting the first view, we find that processes capable of symbolic representation, by the customary algebraic signs of addition, subtraction, equivalence, multiplication, and division, have a perfectly general significance in reference to the combination, separation, equalization of classes, to the imposition and removal of restriction on a class ; that to the symbols there can therefore be assigned a set of general laws ; and that any peculiarity of these symbolic laws which differentiates them from the laws of like symbols in mathematical analysis is deducible from the notion of thought with which we started, and is consequently to be carried along with them in all the after develop ment. Symbolic representation of relations of classes follows with equal directness from the general notion that by any such relation a new group is determined in reference to the original groups, or rather that the position or negation of a new group (or series of groups) is given, definitely or indefinitely, as the result of such a relation. With the aid of the symbolic laws so reached, the logical problem as such may then be approached. Given any number of logical terms (i.e., classes, or, as it may be better put, positions and nega tions) connected together by any relations, to determine completely any one in reference to the others, or to express any one in terms of the others. The symbolic procedure, expounded with marvellous ingenuity and success by Boole, may take various forms, and may be simplified by many analytical devices, but consists essentially in determining systematically how given positions and negations, i Thus one would n;,t describe Aristotle s use of letters for the forms of his syllogisms, nnr the current logic.il abbreviations of S, P, and M in like case as bring, in any true sense of the word, symbolic. On the subject generally the instructive work of Mr Venn (Symbolic Logic, 1881) sliou d be consulted" Mr Venn has not only in this work expounded the foundations and main theorems of IJoole s logic with a care and skill that leave nothing to be desired but he has independently of many real contributions to logical analysis, put in its true light the nature of symbolic method in logic. He has rendered it impossible, even for the outsider, to complain that symbolic logic is an arbitrary application of mathe matical method to logical material. - An excellent note on symbolic logic will be found in Lotze, Lonil (2d ed, 18SO) pp. 2-&gt;ti--&gt;!&gt;. 3 Sonic of these, as. e.g.. Lambert s and riouequot s, are noted and discussed by Mr Venn Si/mho ic /,&lt;&gt;;//&lt;-. xxxii.-xxxvi. and j&gt;at.*iin). 1 Tu; first is the view taken by lioole (and expounded with (Treat fulness in enn. as above) ; the second is that of the brothers Grassmann (in the Farmen- lefire, 1S72, especially bk. ii. Die Begriffttehre oder Logik). definite or indefinite, combine with or neutralize one another. A more detailed account of these formal processes is beyond our limits. 5 The first question which suggests itself in connexion with Boole s symbolic logic is the necessity or advisability of retaining the reference to classes, or the description of thought as classification. Do the symbolic laws really depend to any extent on the logical peculiarities of class arrangement? Mr Venn, who emphasizes this feature in Boole s scheme, has, however, done good service in leading up to a different explanation. The general reference to objects, which is also noted as implied in all Boole s formulae, has nothing to do with the possible difference of conceptualist or materialist doctrines of the proposition, and, in fact, as all distinctions of thing and quality, resemblance and difference, higher and lower, subject and predicate vanish, or are absorbed in the more general principle underlying the symbolic method, phrases such as classification, extension, intension, and the like should be banished as not perti nent. Nay, the usual distinctions of quantity and even of quality either disappear or acquire a new significance when they are brought under the scope of the new principle. "What symbolic logic works upon by preference is a system of dichotomy, of x and not x, y and not y, and so forth." 6 In other words, quantitative differences require to find expression through some combination of the positions and negations of the elements making up the objects dealt with. 7 while the usual qualitative distinctions are merged in the positi-m or negation of various combinations. The whole phraseology then of classification and its allied pro cesses seems needless when used to denote the simple determination of objects thought. The literal signs express, not "classes," but j units, determined in and for thought as self-identical. For this reason then it appears that the view of the foundations of the symbolic methods of logic taken in Grassmann s Bcgriffslchrc is more thoroughgoing, and more closely represents the underlying prin ciples, than that involved in Boole s formulae and expounded in detail by Mr Venn. Grassmann, as above stated, deduces logical relations as a parti cular class of the determinations necessarily attaching to all quanti ties (i. e., determined contents of thought). Abstraction being made of all peculiarities which may be due to their special constitution, quantities exhibit certain formal relations when they are combined (added, subtracted, &c. ). Each quantity is a unit of thought, a definite positum, and of such imits there are but two classes, ele ments and complexes. Units of thought, which are self-identical, and therefore subject to the specific law that addition of each to itself or multiplication of it by itself yields as result only the original unit, are notions. The theory of notions, therefore, is the development of the general formal relations of units under the special restrictions imposed by their nature. 8 There appears very clearly in Grassmann s treatment the essence of the principle on which symbolic logic proceeds. Thought is viewed as simply the process of positing and negating definite con tents or units, and the operations of logic become methods for rendering explicit that which is in each case posited or negated. To apply symbolic methods, we require units as definite as those of quantitative science, and the only laws we can employ are those which spring from the nature of units as definite. Now it seems a profound error to reduce the whole complex process of thinking to this reiterated position of self-identical units. Undoubtedly if we start from any given fact of thought, as, e.g., a judgment, and inquire what can be exhibited as involved in it, we have before us a problem of analysis, the solution of which must take form in a series of positions and negations, but our thinking is not therefore as a whole mere analysis. The synthetic process by which con nexions of thought among the objects of our conscious experience are established is not the mechanical aggregation of elementary parts. The relations which give intelligible significance to oiir experience are not simply those of identity and non-identity. It is an altogether abstract and external view of thought, resting in all probability on an obscure metaphysical principle, 9 that would treat it as in essence the composition and decomposition of elementary atoms, of irpura, as Antisthenes would have called them. It has, indeed, been imagined that a symbolic logic might be developed which should be independent in all its fundamental axioms of any metaphysical or psychological assumptions, but this is an illusion. Xo logical method can be developed save from a most definite con ception of the essential nature and modus operand i of thinking, and any system of symbolic logic finds it necessary, if it is to be complete and consistent, to adopt some such view as that above criticized, to regard thought as purely analytic, as dealing with compounds or 4 Mr Venn s work is here again invaluable. Jevons s Principles of Science nnd Studies in Deduct/re I.oyic should be consulted. Schroder s Opet ationtireii &lt;/c.&lt; Logikkalculs contains some very elegant and simple methods. 6 Venn, as above, p. 1C2. - I O I | WIKI |
AEB-manufactured LPG systems include the following brand names – AEB, Bigas, Emer, King, OMVL, Romano, Tartarini, Zavoli and possibly others too. This article assumes that the installation is complete and that you have the correct software on your PC and have made the connection to the LPG ECU.
From the Main Menu select Vehicle Configuration. Start on the Change-over screen and set the following parameters.
1. Fuel Type – LPG
2. Injectors – select the option that matches your LPG injectors
3. Type of Revolution Signal – if you have not connected the brown wire, remove the tick from the box. If you have connected the brown wire (we recommend this) tick the box and select Standard from the dropdown list.
4. Ignition Type – select One Coil if you have one coil per cylinder, otherwise select one of the other options. At this point it is not important which option is selected.
5. Inj. – most engines have a sequential injector firing pattern, so select Sequential. If your engine fires all petrol injectors at the same time, select Full-Group. MJ-Sequential is for engines that fire each injector multiple times per cycle and is quite rare.
6. Reducer – enter the operating pressure (when running on gas) of the reducer (this may be fixed or variable.
7. Cylinders – enter the number of cylinders
8. Valvetronic – tick the box if your engine is of this type (e.g. some BMW engine)
9. Type of Change-over – In-acceleration if you have an automatic gearbox, In-deceleration for a manual box.
10. Leave all other fields as standard for now.
On the Lambda screen, set the following parameters.
1. Number of Banks – for an in-line 3 or 4-cylinder engine select 1. For a boxer engine select 2. For more than 4 cylinders, select 2 banks.
2. Type of Pre-Catalytic Oxygen Sensor – select the type that matches your engine.
3. Oxygen Sensor 1 – we recommend that the purple wire is connected to the pre-cat oxygen sensor signal wire of bank 1. Set this parameter to match your installation.
4. Oxygen Sensor 2 – we recommend that the purple/black wire is connected to the pre-cat oxygen sensor signal wire of bank 2. Set this parameter to match your installation.
On the Sensors screen, set the following parameters.
1. Type of Gas Level Sensor – set this to AEB or 0-90 Ohm to match your installation.
2. Tank Solenoid with Dedicated Wire – tick this box if you have used the blue/white wire to power the tank solenoid. Clear the box if you have used the blue wire.
Leave all other parameters set to the default settings for now.
Turn off the ignition and wait for the lights on the change-over switch to go out, then re-start the engine. This procedure is referred to below as RESTART.
Look at the Vehicle Configuration – Change-over screen. With the engine running on petrol you should see the following readings at the bottom of the screen.
1. Revs – this should match the number on the rev. counter. If you do not have a rev. counter, expect 700-900 rpm at tick-over. If the software shows half or double what it should be, change the Ignition Type to a different value. RESTART and re-check the revs. The value must be correct for auto-calibration to work.
2. T. Reduc – reducer/vaporiser temperature – this should be the same as engine temperature – about 80°C. It must be at least 50°C for auto-calibration to work.
3. T. Gas – gas temperature – usually measured at the rail and usually around 40°C. It may show a low temperature if the engine bay is cold and no gas is flowing through the rail. You may need to close the bonnet to warm it up. If T Gas is higher than T Reduc, the sensor wires are probably switched so fix this. T Gas must be at least 25°C for auto-calibration to work.
4. Tinj. Gas – Gas injector timing – should be zero when running on petrol.
5. Tinj Petrol – Petrol injector timing – should be between 1.5 and 4ms. If this is not showing, the wiring of the petrol injectors is wrong. This must be fixed.
6. Press Gas – gas pressure – this is usually 1.0-2.0 bar when running on petrol. It will drop to an operating level when on gas. If this is out of range, the pipes to the pressure sensor are wrong or the electrical connection is wrong. Fix it.
7. MAP – Manifold Absolute Pressure – this is usually 0.2-0.4 bar at tick-over. Outside this range implicates the pipe-work again. Fix it.
8. Lambda 1 – if connected should show a fluctuating voltage within its operating range.
9. Lambda 2 – if connected should show a fluctuating voltage within its operating range.
Work through the above checks and resolve any issues before proceeding.
Go to the main Menu and select Diagnosis or Injector Check.
There may be some diagnostic messages at the top of the screen. Make a note of them, then click Reset Errors. Put a tick in the Enable Diagnosis box. RESTART and see if any diagnostic messages appear. If they do, check the wiring and/or piping to fix the error.
Check Petrol Injectors Signal Diagnosis. You should see green boxes and petrol injector timings for every cylinder. If not, you have cut the injector positive wire instead of the negative – change it.
Work through the above checks and resolve any issues before proceeding.
Make sure that the engine has reached its change-over temperature and see if it will switch to gas. If it does, continue with the injector check below, otherwise run Auto-calibrate and return to the injector check.
Go to the main Menu and select Diagnosis or Injector Check.
With the engine running on gas, switch each individual cylinder from gas to petrol using the Gas Injectors Cut-out box. Each time you switch a cylinder, listen carefully to the engine – there should be virtually no change in the running. If switching one cylinder causes a problem, switch it back to gas and move to the next cylinder. Note which cylinders have caused problems. Such problems are caused by shutting off all fuel to a cylinder or supplying 2 lots of fuel to a cylinder. The 2 possible causes are wrong wiring of a petrol injector cut-in loom (the solid coloured wire should be connected to the injectornegative wire and the wire with a black trace should be connected to the wire returning to the petrol ECU), or incorrect pairing of petrol and gas injectors. If the wiring is wrong, fix it and re-run this test. If you have a 5-8-cylinder engine, check that the banks are not switched. The petrol injector intercept loom of bank 2 should have a red band round it and the bank 2 gas injector loom should feed gas injectors E, F, G and H. If you have changed the wiring, re-run this test.
If the wiring is correct it must be a pairing problem. Start with the engine running on gas and all gas injectors switched on. Switch off one of the problem injectors. Switch off another problem injector to see if it cures the problem. If not switch it back on and do the same with the next problem injector. You should find a pair that fixes the problem when both are off. Swap the plugs on the 2 gas injectors and then turn them on again. You should now be able to switch them off with virtually no change in the running. Work through the above checks until you can switch off any of the gas injectors without affecting the running.
Go to the main Menu and select Vehicle Configuration, Chang-over. With the engine running on gas, check the Tinj.Gas. For slower injectors this should be around 4ms and for quick injectors around 3ms. If Tinj. Gas is lower than this, then the gas pressure is too high or the rail nozzle size is too big, and vice versa. Valtek type 30 and 34 rail nozzles need to be drilled to the correct size. Bigas rails need the correct size of jet fitted. Check that the nozzle size is correct for the engine by referring to the sizing charts for the rail. If you change the nozzles size, re-run this test.
Go to the main Menu and select Auto-calibration. Click Start Calibration and follow the instructions on the screen. This should take about a minute. If the engine struggles to run and/or calibration does not complete, it usually means that you have pipes or wires crossed. You need to go through all of the above tests again to identify the problem.
If auto-calibration completes successfully, save the configuration before moving on to fine tuning. Give the set-up a name that includes the registration number, odometer reading and the gas pressure (e.g. p130 for 1.30bar). Any calibration is valid only at the calibration pressure. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Celso Ceretti
Celso Ceretti (13 January 1844 – 12 January 1909) was an Italian supporter of Giuseppe Garibaldi, an internationalist anarchist and then a socialist politician.
Early years
Celso Ceretti was born on 23 January 1844 in Mirandola, Emilia-Romagna, at the time part of the Papal States, the son of Luigi Ceretti and Maria Malagodi. His father had been imprisoned for the riots of 1831 and educated his children in democratic ideals. When he was fourteen, he enlisted in Garibaldi's expedition to Sicily. He joined in 1859. In 1860–1861, he served in Sicily and the mainland with the rank of sergeant. In 1862, he was in Aspromonte. In 1866, he became an officer of the 9th regiment. In 1867, he served in Agro Romano. He became one of Garibaldi's closest followers and later served as a link between him and the labor movement.
Activist
In 1870, Cerretti joined Garibaldi's Army of the Vosges. In 1871, he participated in the defense of France and the Paris Commune. That year, he founded the Anti-Catholic Republican Society in Mirandola. Ceretti was one of the founders of the Italian Section of the International Workingmen's Association (IWA).
By 1871, Garibaldi was still respected by socialists elsewhere in Italy, but it was only in Romagna that his leadership was seen as essential for a people's republic. At first, Ceretti, Lodovico Nabruzzi and Paride Suzzara Verdi shared this view. Garibaldi planned to call a democratic congress, but he canceled it due to the factional squabbles. With Mikhail Bakunin's support, Nabruzzi, Ceretti, Andrea Costa and others arranged a conference on 17 March 1872 in Bologna, where most of the internationalist sections of Romagna were represented. The congress rejected Giuseppe Mazzini's view that the question of social reform could follow creation of a republic and also voted against participating in elections, in effect moving towards Bakunin's position.
On 11 March 1873, Ceretti was arrested for his IWA activities and imprisoned for five months. He was then tried for "conspiracy" and acquitted. Later that year, he tried to organize a second IWA Congress in Mirandola, but this was forbidden by the authorities. In 1873, he commanded a force in Spain against the Carlists. In 1874, he was assistant to Mićo Ljubibratić in Herzegovina. In 1875, he commanded the Italian Legion in Serbia with the rank of major in the struggle against Turkish rule.
Later years
In 1886, Ceretti founded the Society of Radical Veterans. In 1888, he survived a knife attack in Paris. The Italian embassy accused the anti-legal anarchist Vittorio Pini of the attack because some sections of the anarchist movement thought Ceretti was a police informer. That year in Mirandola, he founded the socialist periodical Il Sole dell'Avvenire (The Sun of the Future). In 1890, he was the first socialist to enter the municipal council of Mirandola.
Ceretti died on 12 January 1909 in Ferrara. | WIKI |
Eero Yrjö Pehkonen
Eero Yrjö Pehkonen (May 28, 1882 – February 27, 1949) was a Finnish politician, born in Liminka. He was a member of the Senate of Finland. Pehkonen was minister of agriculture of Finland from 1920 until 1921 and governor of the province of Oulu 1925–1948. He died in Oulu. | WIKI |
Is it possible to load any object stored in a JSON file in an API, having its URL?
So i’m using the Rick and Morty API https://rickandmortyapi.com/api/character it returns me a JSON file with the information of every character of the show, what I want to do is: from the field image, which stores an image URL, I want to access to the image of that character in runtime in UE4. I already got the image URL string of any character of this API, but I still don’t know how to access to the image contained in that URL without dowloading it.
I’m using VaRest plugin to get the data from the API.
1 Like
Hi Chris, Did u already found a solution to this?
You can try this node: Download Image | Unreal Engine Documentation
Believe it downloads a temp file, so it will be dumped when game closes or stored variable is cleared. You’ll need to test if this is true, not much info on this node. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
USS Gemini (AP-75)
USS Gemini (AG-38/AK-52/AP-75) was a Stratford-class transport commissioned by the U.S. Navy for service in World War II. She was responsible for delivering troops and equipment to locations in the war zone.
Gemini (AP-75) a lake-type freighter, was built as SS Coperas by the Manitowoc Shipbuilding Company of Manitowoc, Wisconsin. Subsequently renamed Aetna and then Saginaw around 1937 while in merchant service, she was acquired by the Navy 27 September 1941. Originally designated USS Matinicus (AG-38), she was reclassified AK-52 7 January 1942 while undergoing conversion at Bethlehem Steel Company, Boston, Massachusetts. Commissioned as USS Matinicus (AK-52) 4 August 1942, she was redesignated and renamed USS Gemini (AP-75) 15 August 1942.
World War II service
Gemini sailed 16 August for New York to load troops and sortied 24 October with convoy SC-107 bound for Ireland and United Kingdom ports.
This, her first voyage, was also the most difficult, for the convoy ran into German submarine wolfpacks in mid-Atlantic and from 1 to 4 November no less than fifteen ships, nearly half the convoy, were torpedoed and sunk in a running battle. Gemini arrived safely at Reykjavík, Iceland, and spent the next 10 months as a transport for troops and cargo between Icelandic ports.
The ship put in at Boston 3 September 1943 for overhaul, and then embarked troops at New York, departing 9 October bound for the west coast via Panama. After touching at San Pedro, California, for repairs, she reached Honolulu 11 December and commenced duty as an inter-island transport in Hawaiian waters.
In July 1944 Gemini shifted her operations to the Marshalls and Gilberts, carrying men and cargo to and from Kwajalein, Apamama, Tarawa, Makin, Majuro, Roi Namur, and Eniwetok. She continued these essential transport duties in support of the allied advance until 1 June 1945 when she got underway for San Francisco, California, via Pearl Harbor. Gemini remained in drydock at San Francisco until the end of the war.
After hostilities
Gemini sailed 28 August 1945 for the Pacific Ocean again, resuming her earlier transport runs in the Marshalls-Gilberts area and continuing the assignments until her return to San Francisco. She decommissioned at Oakland, California, 8 April 1946 and was turned over to the Maritime Commission 10 September 1946. to Oly Fenno S.S. Co. Lid., she operated under Finnish papers as Ramsdal out of Abo, Finland.
Military awards and honors
Her crew was eligible for the following medals:
* American Campaign Medal
* European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
* Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
* World War II Victory Medal
* Navy Occupation Service Medal (with Asia clasp) | WIKI |
How To Add Phone Dialer To Apple Watch
Oct 6, 2015 22:00 EDT
Submit
The Apple Watch doesn't have a phone dialer to dial a phone number, but here's how you can add one simply and easily.
Apple Watch trio
The Apple Watch is a great device when it comes to interacting with notifications and doing something quickly on the fly, such as checking into a location using Swarm. The device even has a built-in microphone and speaker for receiving and making calls. But the phone call experience is somewhat crippled when you come to realize that while you can dial a person from a list of saved contacts, but you cannot dial a new phone number due to the lack of a keypad. In a situation where you'd want to dial a phone number using a proper keypad, then all you need is an app called 'Watch Keypad' which is available to download right now from the App Store.
Watch Keypad Brings A Phone Dialer To The Apple Watch
Watch Keypad will install a proper full-blown phone dialer on your Apple Watch, which you can use normally to dial in a phone number of your choice. This means that even if a person is not saved in your contacts list, you can still dial them up, provided that you remember their number, of course.
One of the best things about Watch Keypad is that it's watchOS 2 ready, and is a completely native app. This means that it launches faster and works like a charm. But do keep in mind that it's a strict requirement to have your Apple Watch paired with your iPhone at all times if you want to make use of Watch Keypad. After all, a cellular network is required to initiate a call, and without that, the app is absolutely redundant.
1
From the App Store:
Your phone numbers which you have called and/or text will be automatically saved onto your iPhone, and are visible on the iPhone and the Apple Watch when in range with your iPhone.
You can call and text all the recents from within the recents table view.
The app costs just a dollar over at the App Store and we totally believe that it's worth the investment if you want a phone dialer on your Apple Watch. It's also somewhat odd that Apple opted to go against a phone dialer on its wearable device, even with the release of watchOS 2 at hand. But we're certain that the company has its own reasons for doing so.
You can download Watch Keypad from here.
Submit | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
-- European Stocks Post Biggest Weekly Drop in 13 Months
European stocks posted the biggest
weekly slide in 13 months as Federal Reserve Chairman Ben S.
Bernanke said the central bank may pare bond purchases, Greek
wrangling threatened to fracture the government and China’s cash
crunch worsened. BHP Billiton Ltd. and Rio Tinto Group led a gauge of mining
companies to the lowest level in almost four years. Saipem SpA
slumped 35 percent after Italy ’s largest oil and gas engineer
cut its profit forecast. Konecranes Oyj, the Finnish maker of
shipyard and harbor equipment, fell 12 percent after also
trimming its earnings outlook. The benchmark Stoxx Europe 600 Index plummeted 3.7 percent
to 280.4 this week as all 19 industry groups dropped. The gauge
has declined for five straight weeks, the longest streak of
losses since June 2011. It has retreated 9.7 percent since May
22 after Bernanke said the Fed could start to reduce
quantitative easing if the U.S. economy improves sustainably. “The market was facing the cold turkey of less QE steroids
and the result was a panic attack,” said Lorne Baring, who
helps oversee about $500 million as managing director of B
Capital SA in Geneva. “The result will be investors pushed back
to looking at equity fundamentals instead of the central bank QE
programs, which have been distorting markets.” The Fed may “moderate” the pace of its $85 billion a
month in bond purchases later this year and could end them in
mid-2014 if the U.S. economy and labor market improve as
forecast, Bernanke said on June 19. Yields (USGG10YR) on benchmark 10-year
Treasuries climbed to 2.5 percent for the first time since 2011. Volatility Jumps The VStoxx Index, which measures the cost of using options
to hedge against swings in the Euro Stoxx 50, rallied 13 percent
to 24.05, the highest since February. In China , benchmark money-market rates climbed to records
yesterday as the People’s Bank of China refrained from using
reverse-repurchase agreements to address a cash crunch. The
seven-day repurchase rate rose 2.7 percentage points to 10.77
percent, the highest in data going back to March 2003. As interbank borrowing costs surged, a report showed
China’s manufacturing is shrinking at a faster pace this month.
The preliminary reading of 48.3 for a purchasing managers’ index
released by HSBC Holdings Plc and Markit Economics compared with
the 49.1 median estimate in a Bloomberg survey of economists.
May’s final reading of 49.2 was the first below 50 since
October, indicating contraction. Democratic Left Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras lost one of his two
coalition partners as the Democratic Left party’s ministers quit
over his closure of state broadcaster ERT, sparking concern
about the government’s stability. Without the 14 lawmakers from
Democratic Left, the alliance between Samaras’s New Democracy
and the Socialist Pasok party would control just 153 seats in
the 300-seat parliament. “It feels like everyone is packing up everything they
can,” said Luis Benguerel, a trader at Interbrokers in
Barcelona. “People just want out. We’ve spent years patching up
holes in China rather than reforming that economy. One day it
will just blow up. And the last thing we need is a resumption of
the sovereign risk in Europe.” National benchmark indexes fell in all of the 18 western
European markets this week, except Iceland. The U.K.’s FTSE 100
dropped 3.1 percent, France ’s CAC 40 lost 3.9 percent. Germany ’s
DAX Index (DAX) declined 4.2 percent, the biggest slide in a year.
Greece ’s ASE plunged 9.7 percent. Miners, Automakers Gauges of resources stocks and automakers tumbled the most
of the 19 industry groups in the Stoxx 600. BHP Billiton and Rio
Tinto, the world’s biggest mining companies, retreated 6.3
percent and 4 percent, respectively. Randgold Resources Ltd., a producer of the precious metal
in Africa , and Fresnillo Plc, the world’s biggest primary silver
producer, each tumbled the most since 2008. The shares sank 14
percent and 17 percent, respectively, as gold and silver touched
the lowest levels since 2010. PSA Peugeot Citroen, France’s biggest carmaker, declined 12
percent and Daimler AG lost 8.7 percent. Saipem slumped 35 percent. The oil and gas engineer reduced
a forecast for earnings before interest and tax this year by as
much as 750 million euros, saying that it won’t be able to
recover rising costs for Algerian projects as talks with client
Sonatrach have failed. Konecranes fell 12 percent after saying full-year operating
profit excluding restructuring costs will reach last year’s
level instead of improving. Imtech, Nokia Royal Imtech (IM) NV slid 29 percent, the biggest drop in four
months. The Dutch infrastructure provider reported a first-quarter net loss of 59.6 million euros ($78.2 million), citing
the costs of a probe into fraudulent actions in Poland and
Germany as a primary cause. Nokia Oyj (NOK1V) rallied 8.9 percent after the Wall Street Journal
reported the company held talks to sell its mobile-phone
business to Microsoft Corp. The discussions failed amid concern
over the price and Nokia’s market share, the newspaper said,
citing people familiar with the matter. The Financial Times reported that China’s Huawei
Technologies Co. may be interested in buying Nokia. Huawei said
it has no plans to acquire the company. Celesio AG rose 6 percent as people familiar with the
matter said the German pharmaceutical retailer held talks with
CVS Caremark Corp. on a possible collaboration, including a
potential acquisition. Manager Magazin reported that CVS
Caremark is prepared to buy Franz Haniel & Cie GmbH’s 50.01
percent stake in the company. To contact the reporter on this story:
Corinne Gretler in Zurich at
cgretler1@bloomberg.net To contact the editor responsible for this story:
Andrew Rummer at
arummer@bloomberg.net | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Basic Guide to Rail Generators
Photo by American Public Power Association on Unsplash
Imagine be able to type a line of code in your terminal that generates files for you.
Generator - a command line shortcut that creates and edits files using boilerplate code
Welcome to the world of rail generators.
If you’re familiar with Rails, then you’ve probably come across some kind of generator.
If you’re using generators as a crutch, then I would go back to the drawing board and learn the required file types first before relying on generators.
How to access rails generators?
Photo by Matt Duncan on Unsplash
The beauty of working with Ruby on Rails is that it gives you a set of pre-installed generators to work with.
rails g
This will give you a list of generators that are available for you. Once you have a better understanding of generators, you will have the ability to create a custom generator.
Let’s walk through some of the most used generators and discuss the pro’s and cons of using them.
1. Scaffold Generator
Wanting to get your application up and running as quickly as possible? The scaffold generator is your friend.
rails generate scaffold Resource column_name:datatype
Utilizing the scaffold template above will create a complete model, database migration for that model, controller to modify it, view pages, and a test suite.
Photo by Viktor Talashuk on Unsplash
Most Rails developers avoid using the scaffold generator because it creates a ton of unnecessary files. It can actually be more time consuming to go through the excess files rather than creating them from scratch.
2. Model Generators
Looking to create a model without having to create it from scratch? Simply use the template below.
rails g model NameOfModel column_name:datatype
For example if you’re using the code below.
rails g model Drivers name:string age:integer location:string
Entering this command line will generate this file:
# db/migrate/20180701032444_create_drivers.rbclass CreateDrivers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1] def change
create_table :drivers do |t|
t.string :name
t.integer :age
t.string :location
end
end
end
Pros: Saves time, standard necessary files.
Con: If you do not include “ — no-test-framework” then it’ll create unnecessary test files.
3. Migration Generators
Photo by Jan-Niclas Aberle on Unsplash
Migration generators doesn’t really have any cons. You can save time adding and removing columns by using the command line models below.
Adding Columns
You forgot a column in one of your data tables? That’s okay. Simply use the generator below!
rails g migration add_column_name_to_table_name name_of_column:datatype
For example if you’re adding a column to the table above:
rails g migration add_birth_year_to_drivers birth_year:integer
Will create..
# db/migrate/20180701032326_add_birth_year_to_drivers.rbclass AddBirthYearToDrivers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
add_column :drivers, :birth_year, :integer
end
end
Tip: Don’t forget to add “ — no-test-framework” to avoid test files being created.
Removing Columns
Maybe you were a little column happy when you created your model and need to remove some. Use the template below.
rails g migration remove_column_name_from_table_name column_name:datatype
To continue with our example above, you will write something like this.
rails g migration remove_location__from_drivers location:string --no-test-framework
Creates something like this..
#db/migrate/20180701122326_remove_location_from_drivers.rbclass RemoveLocationFromDrivers < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
remove_column :drivers, :location, :string
end
end
Don’t forget to rake db:migrate to initiate the new changes. If you forget this step, then your schema will not be updated!
4. Resource Generators
Using a resource generator will create a new Model, a database table that corresponds, controller, and an empty views folder type in.
rails g resource ModelName column_name:datatype
If I want to create a Routes model with a corresponding trip that a route will belong to:
rails g resource Route destination:string trip_id: integer
Create Your OWN!
Photo by Sigmund on Unsplash
Can’t find a generator for your liking? Rails gives you the ability to create your own generator with a generator creator.
Here is a great article that guides you to creating your very own Rails generator.
Get the Medium app
A button that says 'Download on the App Store', and if clicked it will lead you to the iOS App store
A button that says 'Get it on, Google Play', and if clicked it will lead you to the Google Play store | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Instagram Scraping
Getting Instagram profile details using Python
Instagram is a photo and video-sharing social networking service owned by Facebook. In this article, we will learn how can we get Instagram profile details using web scraping. Python provides powerful tools for web scraping, we will be using BeautifulSoup here.
Modules required and Installation:
Requests :
Requests allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests extremely easily. There’s no need to manually add query strings to your URLs.
pip install requests
Beautiful Soup:
Beautiful Soup is a library that makes it easy to scrape information from web pages. It sits atop an HTML or XML parser, providing Pythonic idioms for iterating, searching, and modifying the parse tree.
pip install beautifulsoup4
null
Explanation –
For a given user name data scraping will be done then parsing of data will be done so that output can be readable. The output will be description i.e followers count, following count, count of posts.
Below is the implementation –# importing libraries frombs4 importBeautifulSoup importrequests # instagram URL URL ="https://www.instagram.com/{}/"# parse function defparse_data(s): # creating a dictionary data ={} # splittting the content # then taking the first part s =s.split("-")[0] # again splitting the content s =s.split(" ") # assigning the values data['Followers'] =s[0] data['Following'] =s[2] data['Posts'] =s[4] # returning the dictionary returndata # scrape function defscrape_data(username): # getting the request from url r =requests.get(URL.format(username)) # converting the text s =BeautifulSoup(r.text, "html.parser") # finding meta info meta =s.find("meta", property="og:description") # calling parse method returnparse_data(meta.attrs['content']) # main function if__name__=="__main__": # user name username ="geeks_for_geeks"# calling scrape function data =scrape_data(username) # printing the info print(data) Output :
{'Followers': '120.2k', 'Following': '0', 'Posts': '702'}
Leave a Comment | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category: Micro- and Nanotechnologies
1107-C - Targeting of glucose nanoparticles to brain through intranasal GLUT-1 receptor mediated delivery for the management of status epilepticus
Tuesday, February 6, 2018
2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Status epilepticus (SE) is an emergency situation, where immediate and effective treatment is required in the least possible time as it is associated with neuronal damage, systemic complications, substantial morbidity and mortality depending on status type, duration, age, and etiology. In adults, patients older than 60 years had the highest risk of developing status epilepticus, with an incidence of 86 per 100,000 persons per year. According to WHO statistics, about 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy.
Presently available delivery systems have several drawbacks described as follows. The oral route is not accessible during seizures. In intravenous route, highly qualified, trained medical person is required for this procedure. Whereas the use of rectal route results in variable plasma levels and it is also socially embarrassing and difficult to administer during convulsions. Thus, an alternative fast-acting delivery route is needed.
Early termination of seizures, by initiating therapy as soon as possible, preferably at home, has been increasingly emphasized as a key to minimize the morbidity of these seizures. Therefore, a main goal of the treatment is the rapid termination of seizures to avoid the risk of permanent brain damage and mortality. The global response to this crisis has been inadequate. Hence, the best strategy is to develop novel drug delivery system in order to improve the efficacy, specificity, tolerability and therapeutic index of existing drugs.
Our research was focused on effective targeting of Lamotrigine (LTG) to the brain through Intranasal route (IN) using carbon nanospheres (CSPs) as carriers which help to reduce dose of drug, dose related side effects and terminating the seizures in the least possible time. Where drug can be easily administered by the surrounding people or caregivers and could dramatically improve the management of out-of-hospital seizures as well as the patient recovery.
FT-IR, DSC and XRD studies confirmed the compatibility of the drug and excipients. Prepared and optimized LTG-CSPs have shown the particle size of 250nm with zeta potential – 33mV and PDI <1. Surface morphology of LTG-CSPs was studied by SEM and TEM and found to be spherical. Entrapment efficiency was above >90 % with the drug content of around ~50 %. Further toxicity assessment studies confirmed the safety of the LTG-CSPs. In-vivo pharmacodynamic studies were under way and giving very positive results as on date.
The success and mechanism involved in LTG-CSPs crossing the blood brain barrier and reaching the brain cells maybe through the involvement of ATP dependent clathrin mediated endocytosis process (ATP-CEP). ATP-CEP plays a fundamental role in neurotransmission and signal transduction. The presence of higher levels of GLUT 1 receptors in nose and clathrin in the brain in comparison to other tissue also partly answers the more specificity of LTG-CSPs towards the brain.
Yasam Venkata Ramesh
Senior Research Fellow- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR-SRF)
JSS University -
Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
Greetings,
Myself Y. V. Ramesh, from JSS College of Pharmacy JSS University, INDIA.
My interdisciplinary area of research is the development of smart drug delivery systems, nanomedicine, nanotechnology, and targeted delivery to various diseases and disorders. I have also worked on various nano delivery systems (gels, patches, proniosomes, nanospheres) and carriers. As a part of the projects, I have hands-on experience on different instruments (DSC, HPLC, IBOX SCIENTIA etc.) and techniques.
My research findings were published in high impact factor journals (Journal Citation Reports - Thomson Reuters, 2017) serving as a first and corresponding author with a cumulative impact factor of 28.
Even I have received a fellowship from the government of INDIA (CSIR) for pursuing my doctoral research work.
Thank you very much for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours Sincerely,
Ramesh | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:Cucumber~enwiki
cucumberus maximus: a green variety of bread commonly mistaken for a fruit
.... you idiot... its a fruit.
ITS NOT A FRUIT - ITS a TYPE OF BREAD ... seriously | WIKI |
List of Royal Military College of Canada people
This is a list of notable individuals who have been, or are involved with the Royal Military College of Canada.
Many RMC alumni have served Canada in war and peace. Billy Bishop was a leading ace of the First World War, won the Victoria Cross and helped to create the Canadian Flying Corps. Charles Merritt was a lawyer and militia officer who won the Victoria Cross at Dieppe during the Second World War. Leonard Birchall, the "Saviour of Ceylon", discovered the approach of the Japanese fleet during the Second World War and showed courage and leadership as a prisoner of war in Japan. Ex-cadets also helped with the peace process. John de Chastelain was twice Chief of Defence Staff and helped to monitor the Peace Accords in Northern Ireland. Romeo Dallaire headed the United Nation forces in Rwanda. Many former cadets gave their lives during both world wars, and in Afghanistan.
Many RMC alumni have had careers in the public or private sectors. Marc Garneau was the first Canadian in space and now is a Member of Parliament. Chris Hadfield became a test pilot, astronaut, the first Canadian to walk in space and the first Canadian commander of the International Space Station. Jack Granatstein became a historian and headed the Canadian War Museum.
Old-eighteen
The term "Old Eighteen" refers to the first class of cadets accepted into the Royal Military College of Canada.
Alumni who were knighted
During the Convocation Ceremony on Wednesday 14 May, H24263 Dr. John S. Cowan said to the Class of 2008 "Of the first 170 cadets who entered RMC from 1876 to 1883 eight received knightships for feats of leadership in many fields of endeavor on at least four continents." After 1919 [ by a Canadian decision] Canadian were no longer eligible for knighthood. Those ex-cadets serving in the British forces were not under any such restriction and so we have the later appointments.
Notable graduates
The Royal Military College of Canada is prestigious and has had many notable alumni (shown with college numbers).
Notable honorary and special members of the Royal Military College of Canada Club
Shown with college numbers.
Notable professors/educators/staff
Shown with college numbers.
Commandants
Shown with college numbers. Ranks indicative of rank while serving as Commandant.
* The Commandant of the Royal Military College of Canada is appointed ex officio as honorary Aide-de-Camp to the Governor General of Canada
First 32 female cadets to enter college in 1980
Shown with college numbers.
Rhodes Scholars
As of 2011 there have been 13 Rhodes Scholars who were ex-cadets of RMC:
* 2565 Adrian A.W. Duguid (RMC 1937) Rhodes Scholar 1946, died 14 January 1968
* 4393 Doctor Desmond Morton (CMR RMC 1959) Rhodes Scholar 1959
* 5417 Colonel (ret) WK Megill (CMR RMC 1962) Rhodes Scholar 1962
* 6219 Doctor Robin Boadway (RRMC / RMC 1964) Rhodes Scholar 1964
* 6182 Doctor RB Harrison (RMC 1964) Rhodes Scholar 1964
* 6508 MGen (ret) John L Adams CMM CD (RMC 1965) Rhodes Scholar 1965
* 7291 Doctor T.A.J. Keefer (RMC 1967) Rhodes Scholar 1967
* 10419 Captain (N) (ret) David V Jacobson (CMR RMC 1975) Rhodes Scholar 1975
* 10941 Doctor Grant M Gibbs (RMC 1976) Rhodes Scholar 1976
* 15040 Mr Paul E Stanborough (RMC 1985) Rhodes Scholar 1985
* 15595 LCol (ret) WDE (Billy) Allan CD (RRMC RMC 1986) Rhodes Scholar 1987
* 23988 Mr Gino Bruni (RMC 2008) Rhodes Scholar 2010; Prairies & Jesus College, reading Jurisprudence
* 24862 2Lt Brendan Alexander (RMC 2011) Rhodes Scholar 2011, New College, Oxford to read International Relations
Books
* 14390 Kate Armstrong (RMC 1984), author of memoir The Stone Frigate: The Royal Military College's First Female Cadet Speaks Out
* Walter S. Avis: Essays and articles selected from a quarter century of scholarship at the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston (Occasional papers of the Department of English, R.M.C.) 1978
* 2141 Thomas T. L. Brock (RMC 1930) Fight the good fight: Looking in on the recruit class at the Royal Military College of Canada during a week in February 1931. 1964
* 19828 John-James Ford (RMC 1995), author of Bonk on the head, a description, in novel form, of a fictional officer-cadet's life at RMC
* G1397 Doctor Andrew A.B. Godefroy Professional training put to the test: the Royal Military College of Canada and Army Leadership in the South African War 1899–1902 The Army Doctrine and Training Bulletin 2005
* 6647 Major (Ret) Mitchell Kryzanowski (RMC 1965), wrote Currie Hall: Memorial to the Canadian Corps (Kingston: Hewson and White, 1989), a description of the decoration of Currie Hall
* S125 Major (Ret) William WJ Oliver, and S134 Mrs Rolande Oliver, RMC Hockey History Digest Eds. Red & White Books, Kingston, 2003
* 4237 Dr. Adrian Preston & Peter Dennis (Edited) Swords and Covenants Rowman And Littlefield, London. Croom Helm. 1976.
* H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College of Canada 1997 Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 1969.
* H16511 Dr. Richard Arthur Preston Canada's RMC – A History of Royal Military College Second Edition 1982
* H16511 Dr. Richard Preston R.M.C. and Kingston: The effect of imperial and military influences on a Canadian community. 1968
* H1877 R. Guy C. Smith (editor) As You Were! Ex-Cadets Remember. In 2 Volumes. Volume I: 1876–1918. Volume II: 1919–1984. Royal Military College. [Kingston]. The R.M.C. Club of Canada. 1984
* A.G.G. Wurtele Not in Cooke. – Account of a tour by the first graduating class of the Royal Military College, Kingston, 1880.
* Richard A. Preston To Serve Canada: A History of the Royal Military College since the Second World War, Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 1991.
* 4669 Toivo Roht, (CMR RMC 1960) Collège militaire royal de Saint-Jean, Royal Roads Military College and Royal Military College 1955–2006 2007
* RMC Cadet Handbook Kingston: RMC, 2004
* Royal Military College of Canada: The Canadian Services Colleges 1962
* The Royal Military College of Canada 1876 to 1919
* Directory of Ex-Cadets, Royal Military College Club of Canada (RMC Club, Kingston, 1992) The book us a directory of students from Royal Military College of Canada (Kingston), Royal Roads Military College (Victoria), and College Militaire Royal de Saint-Jean (Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu). | WIKI |
Help needed for definition query syntax to trim off leading 0s in text field.
272
3
05-20-2020 10:01 AM
JustineJedlicka1
New Contributor II
Hi. I keep getting errors - This is the syntax directly from ESRI:
TRIM(BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING trim_character FROM string_exp)
I have tried:
TRIM(LEADING '0' FROM "TRAIL_NO")
TRIM(LEADING '0' FROM '0%')
both of these error with
Invalid SQL syntax [ORA-00920: invalid relational operator]
I have also tried many other iterations and have received errors such as missing expression, etc.
What is the correct syntax to remove leading 0s from a text field? Please help, thanks!!
Also odd - one of the errors showed [STATE_ID = 27] and I do not have a state id field in my attribute table.
Thanks!!!!
0 Kudos
3 Replies
BoKing
by Esri Contributor
Esri Contributor
Hi Justine
I can only point you to the Help page, and since you've tried that, I am going move this post over to the Mapping page where you will hopefully find an answer.
Regards,
Bo
#sql query builder#sql functions#sql statement#trim#layerquery
0 Kudos
MichaelTownshend
New Contributor III
Good Afternoon,
Have you found a resolution to this? I am only finding the same syntax documentation as you noted above. I have not found any working examples of how to use TRIM as all instances of the question I've found in the Esri Community pages have been left unanswered.
0 Kudos
StevenTouzel
New Contributor
Hello Justine, I think the problem with your query is that it needs a SQL operator like (=, <, >,...). Your TRIM expression looks fine. Here's an example that'll return all rows with an empty OWNER_NAME after the leading and trailing white space is removed:
TRIM(BOTH ' ' FROM OWNER_NAME) = ''
However, if you wanted to recalculate a field and remove the leading '0' you could use python like this:
def removezero(field):
if (field[0] == "0"):
return field[1:]
else:
return(field)
0 Kudos | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
4 Learning Disabilities Explained
27th Jan 2016
Our recent blog post on the most common types of mental health highlighted some key information on depression, anxiety and other illnesses. In this post we will be shedding light on a selection of common learning disabilities and how they affect people.
What is a Learning Disability?
Learning disabilities cause problems with learning information, developing new skills, interacting with other people and following conventional processes which people often find relatively simple.
As is the case with many issues affecting the brain, learning disabilities can exist in a variety of forms and with varying levels of severity. Over a million people in the UK are estimated to have a form of learning disability, which is over 1% of the population.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia affects between 3-7% of the population and relates to a reduced ability to read. Problems caused can include difficulty in correctly spelling words, having to read very slowly, writing, pronunciation and more.
There are many possible causes including environmental, hereditary and genetic factors. Additionally, it may begin during a person’s early adult years from brain injuries, strokes and dementia.
This disorder not connected to the individual’s IQ and can affect people of all levels of intelligence. “Alexia” is a similar condition which is defined by a person who has previously held a normal level of reading ability which has since diminished.
Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia (otherwise known as “Developmental Coordination Disorder”) is a condition which affects a person’s ability to carry out physical actions particularly in complicated sequences. Verbal dyspraxia specifically alters the ability to plan movements needed to produce words and sounds.
Common areas of difficulty for people living with dyspraxia are:
• Balance and timing
• Spatial awareness
• Holding simple objects
• Chewing and eating
• Clumsiness
Dyspraxia can also cause the body to transmit an unusually high amount of information which can occasionally cause them to suffer from panic attacks as a result.
Dyscalculia
People with Dyscalculia find great difficulty with comprehending mathematical logic and processes and is estimated to affect between 3-6% of the population.
Common issues involve:
• Requiring long periods of time to complete simple calculations
• Counting backwards
• Defaulting in understanding division, multiplication and subtraction
• Difficulty in understanding the magnitude of numbers and determining which numbers are larger than others
• Differentiating between left and right
ADHD/ADD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is often misunderstood and many people can perceive people with the condition as simply having unruly behaviour.
In reality, ADHD is characterised by hyperactivity or restlessness, short attention span and high impulsivity – all of which are uncontrollable, despite often fluctuating from day-to-day.
These behaviours can make learning and socialising difficult for those affected which naturally entails numerous negative outcomes such as low self-esteem, reduced motivation and can also cause delays in reaching educational milestones.
Encompass Dorset provide a range of services designed to improve the lives of people suffering from learning disabilities and enduring mental health illnesses.
Find out how we can help by clicking here.
Encompass Dorset
Driving Up QualitySocial Care CommitmentReach | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
10th Terek-Dagestan Army
The 10th Terek-Dagestan Army was a field army of the Red Army during the Russian Civil War which was formed on the basis of the Terek-Dagestan group of forces between March 7 and May 29, 1921. The troops became then part of the North Caucasus Military District.
History
The army was formed to suppress the insurrection under the leadership of Nazhmudin Gotsinsky. Nazhmudin Gotsinsky (1859 - 1925) was Chairman (Mufti) of the Spiritual Council of the Union of United Highlanders of the North Caucasus and Dagestan. He was elected Imam of the North Caucasus Highlanders and became one of the leaders of the counter-revolutionary movement in Dagestan between 1917-1921. He was of Avar nationality.
Commanders
* Mikhail Levandovsky (April 7 - April 18, 1921)
* I.F. Sharskov (acting, April 18-26, 1921)
* V.N. Chernyshov (April 26 - May 11, 1921)
* Georgy Armaderov (May 11-29, 1921) | WIKI |
UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Stephanie CANNON, also known as Stephanie Lynch, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Keith Anthony CANNON, Defendant-Appellant. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Stephanie CANNON, also known as Stephanie Lynch, Defendant-Appellee. UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Keith Anthony CANNON, Defendant-Appellee.
Nos. 95-1996, 95-1997, 95-2233.
United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit.
Submitted Nov. 14, 1995.
Decided July 10, 1996.
Gene W. Doeling, Fargo, ND, argued, for Stephanie Cannon
Richard Henderson, Fargo, ND, argued, for Keith Anthony Cannon.
Keith William Reisenauer, Fargo, ND, argued, for appellee.
Before HANSEN, JOHN R. GIBSON, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
HANSEN, Circuit Judge.
Stephanie Cannon and Keith Anthony Cannon were convicted of various drug and firearm offenses. They challenge the validity of their convictions, raising a number of issues including entrapment, outrageous government conduct in violation of their due process rights, and prosecutorial misconduct. The United States cross appeals, contending that the district court erroneously sentenced the defendants. We reverse and remand.
I.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdicts, a reasonable jury could have found the following.
Keith Cannon and Stephanie Cannon (collectively, “Defendants”), residents of Minneapolis, Minnesota, sold cocaine base on four occasions to Special Agent Charles Sher-brooke, an undercover officer with the West Central Minnesota Drug Task Force. The first transaction was recorded on audio tape, and the latter three transactions were videotaped.
Defendants met Agent Sherbrooke for the first time in Alexandria, Minnesota, when the parties were introduced by a confidential informant. Defendants sold cocaine base to Agent Sherbrooke and told him they were interested in acquiring firearms. The parties made arrangements to meet again in Alexandria within a week.
As planned, Defendants sold more cocaine base to Sherbrooke less than a week later. When Sherbrooke asked Defendants whether they were still interested in obtaining firearms, Defendants again indicated their interest, this time specifically stating that they wanted two .38 caliber snub nosed revolvers, two derringers, and one .25 caliber automatic pistol. Sherbrooke said he had a supplier who could provide those weapons and offered to get anything else Defendants might want. He explained that the deal would have to take place in North Dakota, however, because there was an arrest warrant out for his supplier in Minnesota. When Sherbrooke kidded Defendants about their reasons for wanting the weapons, Defendants said they were “desperate” because they had had drugs stolen from them in the past.
Two days later, the parties met for a third time in Alexandria, and Sherbrooke again purchased cocaine base from Defendants. The conversation immediately turned to the plans for the next transaction. Stephanie Cannon again told Sherbrooke she was interested in obtaining five handguns, and Sherbrooke replied, as he had at the prior meeting, that his supplier could get her the handguns and anything else she might want. At three points in the conversation, Sher-brooke stated that Defendants would have an assortment of about 15 weapons from which to choose. When Sherbrooke asked how much a couple of “oz’s” of cocaine base would cost him, Keith Cannon answered and then noted that the parties could trade guns for drugs. Before parting, the parties agreed to meet in Fargo, North Dakota, the following week.
As scheduled, the fourth and final transaction occurred at a motel in Fargo. Agent Sherbrooke introduced Defendants to Special Agent John Keating of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, who posed as Sherbrooke’s firearm supplier. When everyone was introduced, Sherbrooke served Defendants alcoholic drinks. After some initial small talk, the parties discussed the terms of sale for the cocaine base Defendants had brought. The conversation then turned to the subject of firearms.
Agent Keating had with him 10 firearms in a dufflebag, including three 9 mm semi-automatic pistols, two .25 caliber semi-automatic pistols, two .38 caliber revolvers, one .357 magnum caliber revolver, and two MAC-type machine guns — one a .45 caliber and the other a .380 caliber. Keating removed each weapon from the bag, briefly identifying it and showing it to Defendants. When Keat-ing described the larger of the machine guns as capable of holding 30 rounds, Sherbrooke called it a “neat item.” Keating explained that the smaller machine gun could hold 15 rounds.
Defendants proceeded to inspect the various firearms. Keith Cannon expressed his concern that the .25 caliber semi-automatic pistol would not inflict enough damage. Agent Keating disagreed but noted it was not as powerful as the machine guns. When Keating explained again that the larger machine gun could hold 30 rounds, quite a bit of protection for Defendants’ drug business, Sherbrooke chimed in that that was a “lot of rock and roll.” After some discussion on the various makes of handguns, Defendants selected three of them.
The parties’ attention then turned to a discussion on how Sherbrooke had been shorted in an earlier deal with the Defendants. After they resolved that issue, Agent Sherbrooke inquired whether Defendants wanted any of the remaining guns. Keith said no. Keith stated, however, that he wanted to get together with Keating later to purchase an “Uzi or some type of automatic weapon.” Stephanie pointed to the machine gun and said, “That’s it.” Keith told the officers he wanted to purchase such a gun at their next meeting.
Sherbrooke asked Keating whether the machine guns would be available for sale in the future. Keating replied that he expected to sell the guns he had brought to this meeting to another buyer if Defendants did not purchase them. Keith stated he would like to purchase a machine gun at the next meeting, again stressing the need for protecting the business. He stated, “I believe in spray-in’ everything that’s moving.” Both Defendants said that, in the meantime, the handguns would hold them over. Sherbrooke picked up one of the machine guns and began examining its features. Keating noted the gun’s rapid rate of fire.
Stephanie then asked whether the Defendants could trade drugs for a machine gun. The agents answered affirmatively, and the parties agreed to barter three ounces of cocaine base for three handguns, the MAC-type .380 caliber machine gun, and $4,600 in United States currency. After the exchange, Defendants carried their newly acquired weapons out of the motel, where law enforcement officers were waiting.
Defendants were arrested and charged in a nine-count indictment, which included counts of distribution of cocaine base and conspiracy to distribute and to possess with intent to distribute, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a) and 846; of knowingly using and carrying firearms during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and of knowingly and unlawfully possessing a machine gun, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(o) and 924(a)(2). Keith Cannon was also charged with being a felon knowingly in possession of firearms, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2). One count was dismissed by the Government before trial.
The case proceeded to trial in the United States District Court for the District of North Dakota. Defendants filed a pretrial motion to dismiss the indictment, contending the officers had violated Defendants’ due process rights by artificially creating venue in the District of North Dakota. Defendants alternatively moved for transfer of venue pursuant to Rule 21(a) and (b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The district court denied these motions. Defendants also moved to dismiss the counts relating to receiving and possessing the machine gun on grounds of due process and entrapment as a matter of law. In support of this motion, Defendants referred the court to the video and audio tapes of the drug and firearms transactions, but did not provide the court copies of the tapes. Finding the evidence before him insufficient to support Defendants’ claims, the district judge denied Defendants’ motion.
At trial, Defendants presented an entrapment defense, but the jury rejected it and returned guilty verdicts on all counts. Defendants raised the defense again in posttrial motions for judgment of acquittal and for a new trial. The district court denied the motions and held that Defendants were not entrapped as a matter of law. At sentencing, however, the court found that the government had engaged in sentencing entrapment and sentencing manipulation with regard to the machine gun charges. Accordingly, the court did not impose the mandatory, consecutive, 30-year sentence for knowingly using and carrying a machine gun during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense, imposing instead the mandatory, consecutive, 5-year sentence for using or carrying a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1). Defendant Keith Cannon was sentenced to 216 months in prison (156 + 60) and a five-year term of supervised release, and fined $17,500. Stephanie Cannon was sentenced to 181 months in prison (121 + 60) and a five-year term of supervised release, and fined $17,500. Defendants appeal their convictions and sentences on numerous grounds, and the government cross appeals the sentences.
II.
A. VENUE
The first three drug deals occurred in Minnesota, where Defendants reside, and the fourth transaction took place in North Dakota. Defendants, both of whom are African-Americans, moved to dismiss the indictment, claiming the government had violated their due process rights by manipulating the transactions to create venue in North Dakota. In the alternative, they moved for transfer of venue pursuant to Rule 21(a) and (b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. The district court denied Defendants’ motions for lack of evidentiary support.
Defendants argue that the district court erred in denying their motion to dismiss on due process grounds. Relying on Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S. 79, 106 S.Ct. 1712, 90 L.Ed.2d 69 (1986), Defendants claim the facts of this case give rise to an inference that the government officers lured them to North Dakota for the fourth transaction as a ruse to create venue in a rural district with a significantly lower minority population than the Minnesota population. Because the government offered no explanation for its actions, see id. (requiring government to come forward with a neutral explanation to rebut prima facie case of discrimination), Defendants contend the government’s conduct was outrageous, and the indictment should have been dismissed. See United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423, 431-32, 93 S.Ct. 1637, 1642-43, 36 L.Ed.2d 366 (1973).
We agree with the district court that Defendants’ argument lacks evidentiary support. Defendants cite only the 1990 census, which found that African-Americans constitute 2.17 percent of the Minnesota population and 0.6 percent of the North Dakota population. Defendants did not show what the minority population figures are for the geographic area of Minnesota from which a jury would have been picked if trial had been held in Minnesota, nor the minority population figures for the division of the district of North Dakota where trial was held. The variance in minority population in the two states is insufficient alone to create an inference that Defendants were purposefully enticed to North Dakota in order to control intentionally the racial composition of the jury. Cf. United States v. Garcia, 991 F.2d 489, 492 (8th Cir.1993) (stating that a numerical disparity alone does not establish the systematic exclusion of a group in jury selection process). Because of the insufficient evidence, we do not believe the first element of a Batson-type analysis has been made out in this case, if indeed a Batson-type analysis can be applicable to a motion for a transfer of venue. Defendants therefore have failed to meet the high threshold for establishing outrageous government conduct in violation of their due process rights. Cf. Bell v. United States, 48 F.3d 1042, 1044 (8th Cir.1995) (holding that failure to offer proof of impermissible motives for choosing to prosecute in federal forum precludes finding of due process violation).
Defendants also challenge the district court’s decisions on the Rule 21 motions. As a preliminary matter, we note that venue was proper in North Dakota under 18 U.S.C. § 3237(a), which creates venue in any district where the alleged criminal conduct occurs. If, however, the district court believed Defendants would not receive a fair and impartial trial due to existing prejudice in North Dakota, the district court was required to transfer the trial. Fed.R.Crim.P. 21(a). In addition, the court also could exercise its discretion and transfer the trial to another district in the interest of justice and for the convenience of the parties. Fed.R.Crim.P. 21(b). Defendants contend the district court abused its discretion in denying their Rule 21 motions, because, as African-American defendants from a large city, they could not obtain a fair and impartial trial as described in Rule 21(a), and a transfer of venue was in the interest of justice, Rule 21(b).
We agree with the district court that these motions, like Defendants’ motions to dismiss on due process grounds, are conclusory and lacking in evidentiary support. Defendants support their Rule 21 challenges with no more evidence than they cited for their due process argument. We therefore find no abuse of discretion in the denial of the motions to transfer venue. Rizzo v. United States, 304 F.2d 810, 817 (8th Cir.) (standard of review), cert. denied, Nafie v. United States, 371 U.S. 890, 83 S.Ct. 188, 9 L.Ed.2d 123 (1962).
B. PROSECUTORIAL MISCONDUCT
During his rebuttal closing argument, the prosecutor twice referred to Defendants as “bad people.” When defense counsel objected to this as an improper reference to Defendants’ character, the district court overruled the objection, stating that closing arguments can be argumentative. The prosecutor then continued, “There are bad people in the world, ladies and gentlemen. We are lucky where we live not to come in contact with as many as there may be in other parts of the country. But there are still some around here.” (Tr. of Rebuttal Closing Arg. by Gov’t at 8, Jan. 20, 1995.) The remainder of the closing argument did not refer to Defendants’ character. Defendants contend the reference to “bad people” constitutes prose-cutorial misconduct that deprived them of a fair trial.
We afford the district court broad discretion in controlling closing arguments, overturning the lower court only when it clearly abuses its discretion. United States v. Nelson, 988 F.2d 798, 807 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, 510 U.S. 914, 114 S.Ct. 302, 126 L.Ed.2d 250 (1993). We examine prosecutorial remarks to determine, first, whether the remarks were in fact improper, and if so, whether, in the context of the entire trial, the remarks “ ‘prejudicially affected [Defendants’] substantial rights, so as to deprive [them] of a fair trial.” United States v. Malone, 49 F.3d 393, 398 (8th Cir.) (quoting United States v. Hernandez, 779 F.2d 456, 458 (8th Cir.1985)), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 208, 133 L.Ed.2d 141 (1995). If we reach the second step, we consider: “(1) the cumulative effect of such misconduct; (2) the strength of the properly admitted evidence of [Defendants’] guilt; and (3) the curative actions taken by the trial court.” United States v. Eldridge, 984 F.2d 943, 946-47 (8th Cir.1993).
We have no doubt that the prosecutor’s statements in this case were improper. Prosecutors must refrain from using methods calculated to produce a wrongful conviction. United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 7, 105 S.Ct. 1038, 1042, 84 L.Ed.2d 1 (1985). Although a prosecutor “may strike hard blows, [the prosecutor] is not at liberty to strike foul ones.” Id. Referring to defendants as “bad people” simply does not further the aims of justice or aid in the search for truth, and is likely to inflame bias in the jury and to result in a verdict based on something other than the evidence. Therefore, the remarks were highly improper. Cf. United States v. Singer, 660 F.2d 1295, 1304 (8th Cir.1981) (finding prosecutor’s reference to “crooks” improper), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1156, 102 S.Ct. 1030, 71 L.Ed.2d 314 (1982); Hall v. United States, 419 F.2d 582, 587-88 (5th Cir.1969) (finding prosecutor’s reference to “hoodlums” improper). We further perceive a thinly veiled appeal to parochial allegiances in the prosecutor’s remarks. We should not have to remind an Assistant United States Attorney that the Defendants are citizens of the United States as well, and that it was a court of the United States in which the proceedings were being held. The dis-triet court erred by not sustaining the objection and by failing to take curative action.
Having determined the remarks to be improper, we must decide their effect on the Defendants’ fair trial rights using the three factor test from Eldridge. While the conduct occurred only during the prosecutor’s final rebuttal argument, “ ‘a single misstep’ on the part of the prosecutor may be so destructive of the right to a fair trial that reversal is mandated.” United States v. Solivan, 937 F.2d 1146, 1150 (6th Cir.1991) (quoted with approval in United States v. Johnson, 968 F.2d 768, 771 (8th Cir.1992)). Because the remark came during rebuttal arguments, defense counsel was unable to respond except by objection.
We have indicated that an improper argument is less likely to have affected the verdict in a case when the evidence is overwhelming than in a ease where the evidence is weak. United States v. Splain, 545 F.2d 1131, 1135 (8th Cir.1976). While the government’s evidence is probably strong enough on the drug charges to be called overwhelming, the evidence concerning the machine gun and the Defendants’ predisposition to purchase it is not so strong as to be called overwhelming, and indeed the experienced district judge was convinced enough that he found at the sentencing hearing that the Defendants had no predisposition to acquire a machine gun. Tr. Sent, at 45 (“I know from the facts that I heard on two or three different occasions that the Defendants had no predisposition to acquire a machine gun.”); id. at 47 (“My God, folks, we cannot permit well meaning, capable law enforcement people to entice people to violate the law in this way.”). Finally, we note that the district judge’s failure to sustain the defense counsel’s objection to the remarks (and indicating that closing arguments are argumentative) meant that there was no curative instruction given to neutralize the prejudicial effect of the prosecutor’s remarks.
We believe that by twice calling the African-American Defendants “bad people” and by calling attention to the fact that the Defendants were not locals, the prosecutor gave the jury an improper and convenient hook on which to hang their verdict, and we are not prepared to say that the evidence was so overwhelming that the court’s error in permitting the improper comments to stand was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. We conclude that the Defendants are entitled to a new trial on all counts. Accordingly, we reverse and remand.
Because we reverse and remand for a new trial, we deem it unnecessary to determine if the district court was correct in its decision that both sentencing entrapment and sentencing manipulation had occurred in this case. We do address those issues that may arise again at a second trial.
C. EVIDENTIARY CHALLENGE
Defendants challenge the admission of each of the four quantities of cocaine base purchased at each transaction, contending the government failed to prove a proper chain of custody. Specifically, Defendants argue the government failed to show what happened to the cocaine base between the time it was mailed to a DEA laboratory for testing and the time when a DEA forensic chemist at the laboratory tested it.
We review a district court’s decision to admit evidence over an objection for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Carpenter, 70 F.3d 520, 520 (8th Cir.1995). A district court may admit physical evidence if the court believes a reasonable probability exists that the evidence has not been changed or altered. United States v. Miller, 994 F.2d 441, 443 (8th Cir.1993). In making this determination, absent a showing of bad faith, ill will, or proof of tampering, the court operates under a presumption of integrity for the physical evidence. Id. Here, the only change in the cocaine occurred when the DEA chemist pulverized the rocks of cocaine for testing. Because Defendants failed to aver any facts rebutting the presumption of integrity, we find no abuse of discretion in the admission of the cocaine base as evidence in this case.
D. RULE OF LENITY
Defendants also challenge the district court’s decisions not to authorize them to obtain expert testimony on the chemical compositions of cocaine and cocaine base. Initially, Stephanie filed a pretrial application asking the district court to authorize the costs of obtaining transcripts from other cases in which experts had testified on this issue. She explained that she intended to show that the heightened penalty for cocaine base should be ignored under the rule of lenity, because the distinction between cocaine and cocaine base is scientifically meaningless. The district court denied the application, holding the transcripts were not necessary to Stephanie’s defense because our court has overwhelmingly rejected challenges to the statutory differences in sentences imposed for convictions involving cocaine base and cocaine. Stephanie and Keith then filed another application, not only seeking reconsideration of the decision regarding the transcripts, but also requesting authorization to employ a chemistry expert to testify at their trial that cocaine and cocaine base are the same thing. Citing the reasoning previously stated in denying the first application, the district court denied Defendants’ request. At sentencing, the court again rejected Defendants’ position regarding the rule of lenity.
Defendants were each represented by appointed counsel pursuant to the Criminal Justice Act (CJA), 18 U.S.C. § 3006A. Under subsection 3006A(a) of the CJA, adequate representation includes, among other things, expert services “necessary for the defense.” If a district court finds that such services are necessary and beyond a defendant’s financial means, the court “shall authorize counsel to obtain the services.” Id. at § 3006A(e)(l). We afford the district court wide discretion in deciding whether the appointment of experts would aid defendants in preparing and presenting an adequate defense. United States v. Moss, 544 F.2d 954, 961 (8th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1077, 97 S.Ct. 822, 50 L.Ed.2d 797 (1977).
We find no abuse in the district court’s conclusion that the expert testimony sought here was unnecessary. As the district court observed, our’ court has repeatedly rejected constitutional challenges to the difference in penalties for convictions involving cocaine and cocaine base. See, e.g., United States v. Johnson, 28 F.3d 1487, 1494 (8th Cir.1994), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 768, 130 L.Ed.2d 664 (1995), and Scott v. United States, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 1263, 131 L.Ed.2d 142 (1995); United States v. Maxwell, 25 F.3d 1389, 1396-97 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 610, 130 L.Ed.2d 519 (1994); United States v. Buckner, 894 F.2d 975, 978-81 (8th Cir.1990). Furthermore, we recently rejected Defendants’ argument that 21 U.S.C. § 841(b) is unconstitutionally vague and that we should consequently ignore its heightened penalty provisions for cocaine base under the rule of lenity. United States v. Jackson, 64 F.3d 1213, 1219 (8th Cir.1995), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 966, 133 L.Ed.2d 887 (1996). The district court therefore did not abuse its discretion by refusing to authorize Defendants’ requests, and the court’s decision not to invoke the rule of lenity at sentencing was correct.
E. ENTRAPMENT
Defendants challenge their convictions, arguing that the district court erred in denying their motions for judgment of acquittal and their motions for a new trial on the grounds of entrapment. We disagree.
The defense of entrapment stems from a concern that law enforcement officials and agents should not manufacture crime. United States v. Lard, 734 F.2d 1290, 1293 (8th Cir.1984). To be entitled to jury instructions on an entrapment theory, defendants must show some evidence that the government agents implanted the criminal design in their minds and induced them to commit the offense. United States v. Eldeeb, 20 F.3d 841, 843 (8th Cir.), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 269, 130 L.Ed.2d 187 (1994). Once a defendant has made this showing, the government then has the burden of proving that the defendant was predisposed to commit the crime, apart from the government’s inducement. Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S. 540, 553-54, 112 S.Ct. 1535, 1542-43, 118 L.Ed.2d 174 (1992). An inquiry concerning predisposition “focuses upon whether the defendant was an unwary innocent or, instead, an unwary criminal who readily availed himself of the opportunity to perpetrate the crime.” Mathews v. United States, 485 U.S. 58, 63, 108 S.Ct. 883, 886, 99 L.Ed.2d 54 (1988) (internal quotations omitted). In other words, “determining a defendant’s predisposition requires examination of the defendant’s personal background to see “where he sits on the continuum between the naive first offender and the streetwise habitue.’” United States v. Kummer, 15 F.3d 1455, 1459 (8th Cir.1994) (quoting Lard, 734 F.2d at 1293).
Entrapment is generally a jury question. United States v. Pfeffer, 901 F.2d 654, 656 (8th Cir.1990). The trial court may enter a judgment of acquittal, however, when the evidence clearly establishes the elements of entrapment as a matter of law. Id. The elements of entrapment as a matter of law are: “(1) that a government agent originated the criminal design; (2) that the agent implanted in the mind of an innocent person the disposition to commit the offense; and (3) that the defendant committed the criminal act at the urging of the government agent.” Id. We view the facts in the light most favorable to the government, reversing only when no reasonable jury could have reached the guilty verdict. Id.
Considering the evidence in this ease, we can easily dispose of Defendants’ contention that they were entitled to a judgment as a matter of law on the drug charges. The evidence overwhelmingly proves then-predisposition to traffick drugs, and then-own recorded statements about having been robbed of a sizeable quantity of drugs in the past reveal their already established criminal drug-dealing proclivity prior to the government’s sting operation.
We also have no difficulty disposing of Defendants’ argument as to the handgun verdicts on the § 924(c) charges. Within the first minute of the first transaction, the Defendants indicated their interest in acquiring specific firearms. They reiterated their interest at subsequent meetings and even ordered particular types of handguns. They agreed to a meeting in North Dakota, and drove there, for the specific purpose of purchasing handguns in conjunction with a drug transaction. Under these facts, they were not entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
Defendants argue that even if they were predisposed to purchase firearms, there is no evidence that they were predisposed to purchase a machine gun prior to the government’s bringing of the machine guns to the Fargo meeting. We believe the circumstantial evidence in this case is sufficient for a reasonable jury to conclude Defendants were predisposed, independent of any government inducement, to possess a machine gun. See United States v. Kummer, 15 F.3d 1455, 1457 n. 7 (8th Cir.1994) (listing factors, some of which involve circumstantial evidence, courts have considered in determining whether a defendant is predisposed to commit a crime). Defendants were clearly engaged in closely related criminal activity, i.e., they came to Fargo specifically to purchase firearms illegally and to engage in established and ongoing drug trafficking, where firearms are tools of the trade. The record in this case contains evidence that a machine gun is a drug dealer’s most prized possession. A reasonable jury could therefore conclude Defendants are much closer on the continuum to a streetwise habitue than a naive first offender. Additionally, Keith Cannon’s comments during the negotiations of the firearm transaction, stressing the need to protect Defendants’ drug operation and indicating they wanted even more fire power (a weapon capable of holding 50 rounds) than the available firearms offered, reveal the Defendants’ interest in possessing a machine gun and the intent to obtain one. Considering this circumstantial evidence, a reasonable jury could indeed take the small inferential step of concluding that Defendants were predisposed to obtaining a machine gun independent of any government inducement.
F. OUTRAGEOUS GOVERNMENT CONDUCT DEFENSE
Defendants also frame their challenge to the convictions involving the machine gun as a violation of due process, contending that the officers’ conduct was so outrageous that the district court should have dismissed counts six and seven of the indictment. According to Defendants, selling them a machine gun when they had not specifically asked for one violated their due process rights, because the officers’ conduct was aimed solely at increasing Defendants’ sentence for count six by 25 years. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (30-year mandatory consecutive sentence for using or carrying a machine gun in relation to a crime of drug trafficking; 5-year sentence for handguns); see Russell, 411 U.S. at 431-32, 93 S.Ct. at 1642-43 (acknowledging the possibility of government conduct so outrageous and fundamentally unfair that due process principles would bar the conviction of a defendant); Hampton v. United States, 425 U.S. 484, 491-500, 96 S.Ct. 1646, 1650-55, 48 L.Ed.2d 113 (1976) (majority of Supreme Court, in concurring and dissenting opinions, agreeing that outrageous government conduct defense may exist for a defendant predisposed to commit a crime).
The government, on the other hand, argues that no due process violation occurred in this case. The government further urges this court not to unduly constrain law enforcement officials by limiting them to buy or sell only what defendants specifically request or by placing a burden on the government to set forth motives for each and every step of law enforcement activities. The district court denied Defendants’ motion to dismiss counts six and seven of the indictment on due process grounds. We review this question of law de novo. United States v. Dougherty, 810 F.2d 763, 770 (8th Cir.1987).
The defense of outrageous government conduct is similar to, though distinct from, the defense of entrapment. Both defenses frequently arise in prosecutions resulting from sting and reverse-sting operations. Unlike the entrapment defense, however, which focuses on the Defendant’s predisposition to commit the crime, the outrageous government conduct defense focuses on the government’s conduct. Kummer, 15 F.3d at 1459 n. 9.
The vexing question before us is where the line lies between covert investigative conduct by law enforcement officers that is within constitutional bounds, and which is inherent in every sting and reverse-sting operation, and conduct that is “ ‘so outrageous and shocking that it exceed[s] the bounds of fundamental fairness.’ ” United States v. Huff, 959 F.2d 731, 734 (8th Cir.) (quoting United States v. Johnson, 767 F.2d 1259, 1275 (8th Cir.1985)), cert. denied, 506 U.S. 855, 113 S.Ct. 162, 121 L.Ed.2d 110 (1992), and Love v. United States, 506 U.S. 855, 113 S.Ct. 162, 121 L.Ed.2d 110 (1992). In finding that line, we must keep in mind that “ ‘[t]he level of outrageousness needed to prove a due process violation is quite high, and the government’s conduct must shock the conscience of the court.’ ” United States v. Jensen, 69 F.3d 906, 911 (8th Cir.1995) (quoting United States v. Pardue, 983 F.2d 843, 847 (8th Cir.1993)), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 1571, 134 L.Ed.2d 669 (1996). Further, we have noted that we “ ‘should go very slowly before staking out rules that will deter government agents from the proper performance of their investigative duties.’ ” United States v. Barth, 990 F.2d 422, 425 (8th Cir.1993) (quoting United States v. Connell, 960 F.2d 191, 196 (1st Cir.1992)). We have also stated “that investigative officers and agents may go a long way in concert with the individual in question without being deemed to have acted so outrageously as to violate due process_” Kummer, 15 F.3d at 1460 (quoting United States v. Quinn, 543 F.2d 640, 648 (8th Cir.1976)). After thorough review of the record and the briefs, and keeping in mind the above principles, we conclude the officers’ conduct in this case was not so shocking that it crossed over the constitutional line, violating Defendants’ due process rights. We are fortunate in this case not to have to work from a cold record. We have availed ourselves of the opportunity to view the video tape of the actual drugs-for-guns transaction and have studied it carefully.
We look first at the agents’ act of offering a selection of firearms other than the type Defendants had requested. This conduct is neither outrageous nor shocking. Defendants had told the officers on numerous occasions that they wanted to obtain firearms. Although Defendants had requested particular weapons, Officer Sherbrooke thrice told Defendants that his supplier would bring a selection of about 15 weapons from which Defendants could make their final choices. Defendants did not object to this procedure and at least tacitly agreed to it. Under these circumstances, we find nothing shocking, outrageous, or even surprising in the officers’ providing a selection of weapons to willing buyers. We believe the officers were permitted to test the limits of the Defendants’ willingness to acquire firearms illegally in general and were not limited just to filling the customers’ order.
Having literally looked at the officers’ salesmanship techniques, we again conclude that no due process violation occurred. The Defendants displayed their interest in the two machine guns by their comments: They first indicated an intent to buy a machine gun in the future; they explained their need for one to help protect their drug enterprise; and Keith Cannon indicated he wanted to purchase a machine gun with a 50-round magazine at the next deal. In light of these comments, we do not believe the officers’ conduct — initially describing the machine guns and then noting the positive attributes of the guns — is shocking or outrageous. The officers did not coerce or use hard-sell tactics to persuade Defendants to purchase a machine gun. The district court described the officers’ effort as “soft-sell.” (R. at 329.) Nor did the officers misrepresent the nature or the price of the maehine guns or any of the other weapons. The officers simply kept the conversation going and responded to Keith Cannon’s expressed concern about having enough fire power to adequately protect Defendants’ drug business. The officers provided Defendants an opportunity to purchase a more powerful weapon. We do note the officers responded to Keith’s indication that he would like to purchase a machine gun with a 50-round capacity at the next meeting by indicating that a machine gun may not be available then; however, in the context of the conversation, this conduct was not so outrageous that it violated Defendants’ due process rights. It seems to us to be a technique commonly used by salespersons, viz., buy this product now before someone else does. Like the district court, we believe that if the defendants had decided not to buy a machine gun, the officers “would have politely acquiesced.” (R. at 328.) Because “the mere sale by the government of contraband to one predisposed to buy it” does not amount to a due process violation, Dougherty, 810 F.2d at 770, the conduct leading to the sale was not, in itself, outrageous.
If bringing the selection of firearms to the meeting and conducting themselves as the officers did do not violate the Defendants’ due process rights, the question then becomes whether the difference in punishment between the consecutive penalty for using or carrying the handguns the Defendants did request (imprisonment for 5 years) and the heavier penalty for using or carrying the machine gun (imprisonment for 30 years) makes the officers’ conduct outrageous. See 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1). Defendants argue that it does. They would have us decide this case using a sliding scale that measures the constitutionality of government conduct by the penalty Congress has deemed appropriate for a particular crime. We decline to do so. Our judicial role in analyzing the alleged outrageous government conduct is to measure the officers’ actions against the constitutional limits of the Due Process Clause, not as the ease plays out under the penalties prescribed by Congress. Because the agents’ conduct itself was not unconstitutional, we conclude that the district court properly refused to dismiss counts six and seven of the indictment on due process grounds.
G. JURY INSTRUCTIONS
1. Jury Instruction No. 4: Entrapment
Defendants next argue that the district court erroneously submitted the issue of inducement to the jury in the jury instructions. Although a defendant who has produced evidence of inducement is entitled to jury instructions accurately stating as a whole the law of entrapment, the defendant has no right to particularly worded instructions. United States v. Parker, 32 F.3d 395, 400 (8th Cir.1994). The jury instruction in this case, which was based on the Eighth Circuit Model Criminal Instruction No. 9.01, correctly states the law of our circuit. United States v. Aikens, 64 F.3d 372, 375 (8th Cir.1995), vacated and remanded for reconsideration in light of Bailey v. United States, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995), - U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 1346, 134 L.Ed.2d 516 (1995). The instructions, when viewed as a whole, properly focus on the question of Defendants’ predisposition and place the burden on the government to prove that element beyond a reasonable doubt.
2. Jury Instruction No. 21: Use of Firearm
Defendants also argue the district court erred in overruling their objections to Jury-Instruction No. 21 concerning the charges under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), which prohibits the using and carrying of a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime. The court correctly instructed the jury on the elements of the crime charged in count six (using and carrying firearms during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime) in Instruction No. 20. The jury was told that the crime had two elements: “One: that a defendant committed the crime of distribution of a controlled substance, as defined in these instructions, a drug trafficking crime; and Two: that a defendant knowingly used and carried firearms during and in relation to the commission of either of those crimes.” The jury was further told that the government had to prove both elements beyond a reasonable doubt and also had to prove that a defendant was not entrapped. The court then defined for the jury in Instruction No. 21 one meaning for “use.” Instruction No. 21 stated: “An individual who exchanges a controlled substance for a firearm ‘uses’ the firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime.” Defendants challenge this instruction on two grounds.
First, Defendants contend that Instruction No. 21 improperly required the jury to find “use” if the jury found the parties had bartered drugs for firearms. To support their argument, Defendants rely on the Supreme Court’s use of the word “may” in Smith v. United States, 508 U.S. 223, 113 S.Ct. 2050, 124 L.Ed.2d 138 (1993). Defendants specifically quote from Smith: “[U]sing a firearm in a guns-for-drugs trade may constitute ‘us[ing] a firearm within the meaning of § 924(c)(1).’ ” Id. at 237, 113 S.Ct. at 2058 (emphasis added). Defendants contend this language means that not every trade of a gun for drugs or drugs for guns is necessarily a use of the firearm within the meaning of § 924(c), and the jury must decide whether or not “use” has occurred.
We believe the Defendants overlook the Supreme Court’s holding in Smith: “We therefore hold that a criminal who trades his firearm for drugs ‘uses’ it during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense within the meaning of § 924(c)(1).” Id. at 239, 113 S.Ct. at 2059. Furthermore, the Court recently revisited the issue of “use” under 18 U.S.C. 924(c) in Bailey v. United States, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995), and stated that the barter of a gun for drugs is “use” within the meaning of § 924(e). Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 505. After explaining that “use” requires some showing of active employment, the Court reiterated that this understanding of the term includes bartering a firearm. Id. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 508. Defendants err in their analysis by failing to distinguish between a factual finding and a legal conclusion; the factual finding of whether a firearm became an item of barter in a particular drug transaction is a matter for the jury, but the effect of that finding is a legal question, one that Smith resolved. According to the Court’s explanation in Bailey, Smith stands for the legal proposition (not mere factual possibility) that bartering a firearm is “use” under § 924(c).
We note that this ease differs from Smith in that Smith involved a defendant trading a gun for drugs, whereas Defendants in this case traded their drugs for guns. We believe this is a distinction without a difference. Section 924(c) prohibits using or carrying a firearm during and in relation to “a crime of drug trafficking.” Because selling cocaine base is as much a crime of drug trafficking as buying cocaine base, and “ ‘use’ certainly includes ... bartering,” Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 508, we believe that § 924(c) and the Smith holding apply with equal force to the facts of this case. The Defendants “used” the machine gun when they proposed to the agents that the Defendants’ drugs be traded for the weapons, and then obtained the weapons in trade.
In Smith, the Supreme Court looked to § 924(d) to help define the scope of the term “uses” in § 924(c). We do the same and note that one “uses” a firearm under § 924(d)(1) when one “receives” a firearm in violation of § 922(a)(3) (generally prohibiting the transport into or receipt of a firearm in the state of the person’s residence if the firearm was obtained outside that state by an unlicensed person). Hence, we are of the view that a person can “use” a firearm in violation of § 924(c) by “receiving” the firearm in a drugs for weapon exchange as well as by tendering a weapon as one’s consideration in a gun for drugs trade ala Smith.
In their second challenge to Jury Instruction No. 21, Defendants similarly contend that the instruction erroneously removed from the jury’s consideration the “during and in relation to” element of § 924(c). Defendants correctly state that the government in this case had to prove not only the “use” element, but also the “during and in relation to ... a crime of ... drug trafficking” element. Smith, 508 U.S. at 237-38, 113 S.Ct. at 2058-59. The “during and in relation to” element was element two of the district court’s marshaling instruction No. 20. The Supreme Court held in Smith, however, that contemporaneous bartering of weapons and firearms is use during and in relation to the drug trafficking crime, because the firearms are traded during and are an integral part of the transaction. Id. at 238, 113 S.Ct. at 2058.
The district court here submitted to the jury the issue of whether the Defendants traded drugs for weapons and also instructed the jury on the legal effect, under Smith, if the jury found such a trade had taken place. Under these facts, we find no error in the district court’s instruction concerning the elements of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).
This case differs from United States v. Gaudin, — U.S. -, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995), where an element of the crime itself was entirely withdrawn from the jury and decided by the court. Here, all the trial judge did was define the term “uses” to mean just what the Supreme Court said it meant, in much the same way the court defined terms for the jury like “machine gun,” “possession,” or “induced and persuaded.” The jury still had the responsibility to decide whether or not each and all of the elements of the crime had been proven beyond a reasonable doubt. It still had to decide what actually happened in the motel room between the Defendants and the officers, and whether or not either Defendant used a firearm in violation of the statute.
H. CONGRESS’S POWER UNDER COMMERCE CLAUSE
Defendants next argue that Congress exceeded its power under the Commerce Clause when it enacted 21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 924(c). This argument is foreclosed by United States v. Brown, 72 F.3d 96, 96 (8th Cir.1995), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 2581, 135 L.Ed.2d 1095 (1996).
We have considered Defendants’ remaining arguments and find them to be either without merit or moot by the reversal.
III.
We reverse the judgments of the district court because the prosecutor engaged in misconduct, depriving the Defendants of then-right to a fair trial. We remand the case for a new trial as to both Defendants in accordance with this opinion.
JOHN R. GIBSON, Circuit Judge,
concurring in part and dissenting in part.
I concur in the holding that prosecutorial misconduct compels a new trial in this case. I respectfully dissent from that part of the court’s opinion regarding the “use” of firearms under 18 U.S.C. § 924(e) (1994).
The district court instructed the jury that “[a]n individual who exchanges a controlled substance for a firearm ‘uses’ the firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking offense.” I believe this materially misstates the law, and directs a verdict on the firearm charges.
The court today approves this instruction by expanding the Supreme Court’s holdings in Smith v. United States, 508 U.S. 223, 113 S.Ct. 2050, 124 L.Ed.2d 138 (1993), and Bailey v. United States, — U.S. -, 116 S.Ct. 501, 133 L.Ed.2d 472 (1995), and neglecting the distinction between using a firearm to obtain drugs and using drugs to obtain a firearm. In its opinion, the court states that trading drugs for guns instead of trading guns for drugs, as was the case in Smith, amounts to a distinction without a difference. Op. at 1510. The court concludes that the Cannons used the guns within the meaning of the statute “when they proposed to the agents that the Defendants’ drugs be traded for the weapons, and then obtained the weapons in trade.” Id. I believe this conclusion goes beyond the “ ‘ordinary or natural’ meaning” of the term “use” and allows for a conviction under section 924(c)(1) without “active employment of the firearm” by the defendant. Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 506. Such a holding is prohibited by the Supreme Court’s recent interpretation of the term “use” in section 924(c). Id.
Looking to Smith for guidance, the Supreme Court recently reiterated that “[t]he word ‘use’ in the statute must be given its ‘ordinary or natural’ meaning, a meaning variously defined as ‘[t]o convert to one’s service,’ ‘to employ,’ ‘to avail oneself of,’ and ‘to carry out a purpose or action by means of.’ ” Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 506 (quoting Smith, 508 U.S. at 229, 113 S.Ct. at 2054 (citing Webster’s New International Dictionary of English Language 2806 (2d ed.1949) and Black’s Law Dictionary 1541 (6th ed.1990))). The central holding of Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 506-509, is that the government must show active employment of the firearm so as to establish use under section 924(e). The Court stated that Smith faced the question of “whether the barter of a gun for drugs was a ‘use,’ and concluded that it was.” Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 505. The Court then referred specifically to bartering “with a firearm,” id. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 507, and “bartering” a firearm, id. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 508, which language denotes that the object bartered, and thus used, was the firearm.
Smith, 508 U.S. at 237, 113 S.Ct. at 2058, held that trading a firearm for drugs was using the firearm within the meaning of section 924(c). In drawing this conclusion, the Court turned to section 924(d) for assistance in interpreting section 924(c). Id. at 234-36, 113 S.Ct. at 2056-58. The Court noted that “one who transports, exports, sells, or trades a firearm ‘uses’ it within the meaning of section 924(d)(1) — even though those actions do not involve using the firearm as a weapon.” Id. at 235, 113 S.Ct. at 2057. Further, “using a firearm” must mean the same thing in both section 924(c)(1) and section 924(d). Id.
The court today relies on the fact that section 924(d) provides for forfeiture when “unlicensed receipt of a weapon from outside the State, in violation of section 922(a)(3),” occurs. In addition, forfeiture may also occur when one receives stolen firearms in violation of section 922(j). See Smith, 508 U.S. at 234 n. *, 113 S.Ct. at 2057 n. *. Certainly, one who receives an illegal firearm must forfeit that weapon under section 924(d). This, however, offers no support for concluding that a person receiving a firearm in exchange for drugs “used” the firearm within the meaning of section 924(c), so as to require a mandatory minimum sentence, here thirty years. This was not the question decided in Smith, and such a conclusion cannot withstand scrutiny in light of the Court’s ruling in Bailey.
Smith, 508 U.S. at 234-35, 113 S.Ct. at 2056-57, examined all of section 924(d) in deciding that transporting, exporting, selling, and trading were all “use” within the meaning of section 924(d)(1). This is consistent with Bailey, - U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 506-07, as each of these activities involves the “active employment” of a firearm.
Bailey constrains the holding in Smith and prohibits the broad interpretation used by the court today. Smith and Bailey can only be reconciled by limiting Smith to its express holding: When a person who has a firearm trades that firearm in exchange for drugs, that person has used the firearm to obtain drugs. The case simply cannot stand for the converse of this proposition.
The Cannons here possessed drugs that they traded for firearms. After receiving the firearms, they were promptly arrested leaving the motel with the firearms in hand. While the Cannons actively employed the drugs in order to obtain the firearms, there was no “evidence sufficient to show an active employment of the firearm by the defendant.” Bailey, — U.S. at -, 116 S.Ct. at 506. Thus, the Cannons did not “use” the firearms within the meaning of section 924(e)(1), and the district court erred in instructing the jury that exchanging a controlled substance for a firearm constituted “use” of a firearm.
I would reverse and remand on this issue as well.
. "Among the factors lower courts have looked to in determining whether a defendant was predisposed are: (1) whether the defendant readily responded to the inducement offered; (2) the circumstances surrounding the illegal conduct; (3) whether the defendant was engaged in an existing course of conduct similar to the crime for which he is charged; (4) the defendant's reputation; and (5) the conduct of the defendant during the negotiations with the undercover agent.” Id. (citing United States v. Dion, 762 F.2d 674, 687-88 (8th Cir.1985), rev'd on other grounds, 476 U.S. 734, 106 S.Ct. 2216, 90 L.Ed.2d 767,(1986)).
. Defendants were also convicted of count seven, unlawfully possessing a machine gun, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(o). This provision does not contain a mandatory prison term, however, so our discussion focuses on the 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) charge.
. We recently reiterated our discomfort with reverse-sting operations, which have great potential for abuse. United States v. Stavig, 80 F.3d 1241, 1247 (8th Cir.1996). This troubling case is no exception. Drawing the line between constitutional, zealous law enforcement in the "war against crime” and outrageous, unconstitutional conduct that offends the fundamental fairness of our system is no easy task. Because of the great potential for abuse in these situations, we urge district courts to continue giving them the most careful scrutiny and probing examination. Id.
. Jury Instruction No. 4 reads as follows:
If either defendant did not have any previous intent or disposition to commit the crime charged, and was induced or persuaded by law enforcement officers or their agents to commit
that crime, then that defendant was entrapped. On the other hand, if a defendant did have a previous intention or disposition to commit the crime charged, then that defendant was not entrapped, even though law enforcement officers or other agents provided a favorable opportunity to commit the crime, or made committing the crime easier, or even participated in acts essential to the crime.
If a defendant was entrapped, he or she must be found not guilty. The government has the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was not entrapped.
. Unlicensed receipt of weapons from outside the state and receipt of stolen firearms were only two of the numerous weapon offenses resulting in forfeiture and considered by the Court in Smith, 508 U.S. at 234 n. *, 113 S.Ct. at 2057 n. *.
. I also believe that it cannot be said that the Cannons used or carried the firearms "during and in relation to” a drug trafficking offense. I do not treat this issue in detail because the court’s direction that a person exchanging drugs for a firearm uses it during and in relation to the drug trafficking offense essentially directs a verdict for the government, which is plainly error.
| CASELAW |
Air Quality: Hidden Toxins in Dryer Sheets
Air Quality
Oftentimes when walking down the street, riding my bike, or simply taking out the trash, I find myself walking past the front of homes and being bombarded by strong, almost perfume-like odors. Depending on neighbor activity, temperature, and wind patterns, these odors may come right into my home, and linger for quite some time. Sometimes I will give one of my children’s friends a ride home only to discover that the compounds in his clothing are releasing into my car’s interior at an alarming rate – so much so that I have to roll down windows in order to breathe clearly. Can a dryer sheet cause an indoor air quality issue?
These odors, peddled with names like “springtime fresh” and “wild orchid”, are given off by dryer sheets – that laundry additive found in so many American homes air quality. These scented laundry products may contain up to several hundred chemicals just in the fragrance alone.1 And because of the fact that I seem to be exposed to these air quality odors just about every day, I began wondering exactly what compounds I was inhaling into my body, and what some of the potential toxic effects could be for me and my family.
A study was carried out by Anne Steinemann and colleagues at the University of Washington in order to determine what volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were emitted from dryer vents when a top selling laundry detergent and popular dryer sheet were used. Using GC/MC analysis on dryer-vent emissions, they discovered a total of 29 different VOCs were emitted from the vents, including acetaldehyde, benzene, ethylbenzene, methanol, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, and toluene.2
What I found quite concerning was the presence of benzene, a known human carcinogen. Thus, the remainder of this article will focus on this compound – it’s chemical properties, possible exposure routes, potential health effects, and what exactly happens when benzene enters the body.
Benzene is a colorless to light yellow aromatic liquid. Its exposure routes include inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, eye contact, and skin absorption. Its target organs are the central nervous system, respiratory system, bone marrow, blood, eyes, and skin.
Some of the health effects associated with acute benzene exposure via inhalation are drowsiness, unconsciousness, rapid/irregular heartbeat, and death. Effects associated with ingestion include convulsions, stomach irritation, and vomiting. Long-term exposure has been linked with bone marrow damage, which in turn led to anemia and excessive bleeding.
As far as carcinogenicity is concerned, benzene is known to cause acute myelocytic leukemia. However, there is also evidence that there is a heightened risk of chronic myeloid and chronic lymphocytic leukemia as well as for an increase in total lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms. Evidence for this has come from experiments in which benzene exposure depresses all lympho-hematopoietic cell lines.
Needless to say, benzene is clearly toxic to the human body. Its multiple routes of exposure, immunotoxic and genotoxic capabilities, and its ability to cause various types of cancer classify this compound as clearly quite dangerous. Even more disturbing, perhaps, is the fact that something as commonplace as a dryer sheet can lead to some level of exposure.
What’s perhaps more disturbing is the fact that these manufacturers are not required by law to list these ingredients anywhere on the package. Thus, unknowing individuals end up exposing not only themselves, but many others to potential health effects. It is time that the United States government require that the manufacturers of household products list all chemicals that can be found within them.
Some may argue that the potential exposure to benzene through dryer vent exhaust is negligible, and that no observable effects have been seen at concentrations reported in the studies of air quality. This may be true; however, it should be reiterated here that over 29 different VOCs were detected in the exhaust. One would be shortsighted if one did not leave room for the possibility of synergistic or cooperative effects between various chemicals that would introduce additional toxic potentials to the air quality.
It is time for the government to act on this matter. Consumer products – especially scented household items such as dryer sheets – are sold to the public with little to no toxicological information. It is absurd to think that governmental agencies require fast food franchises to post the quantity of trans fat and calories in a hamburger, but that this same government does not require notification that carcinogens are present in common grocery store purchases. Just as food manufacturers are required to list ingredients in their products, so too should the makers of products that are used by millions of Americans on a daily basis.
2015-11-02T17:37:35+00:00 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
BRIEF-Kilroy Realty completes amendment and restatement of its unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility
July 26 (Reuters) - Kilroy Realty Corp: * Kilroy Realty completes amendment and restatement of its unsecured revolving credit facility and term loan facility * Kilroy Realty Corp - amended to extend maturity date of facility to july 2022 * Amendment and restatement increased size of revolver from $600 million to $750 million * Kilroy Realty Corp - revolver now bears interest at libor plus 1.00 pct and includes a 20 basis point facility fee * Kilroy Realty Corp - amendment and restatement maintained size of term loan of $150 million * May elect to borrow up to an additional $600 million under facility for a maximum borrowing capacity of $1.5 billion Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Nokia killed Symbian. Many links to Symbian apps on this site have expired. Check out Android Underground.
Friday, 31 October 2008
Recover lost memory card password
symbianism
Forgot your memory card password? If you set your phone free you can read your memory card password from a file on your internal phone memory.
Your memory card password is stored in C:\sys\data\mmcstore (this folder only exists if you've set a memory card password).
Switch "caps" off (Symbian hack required), use a file manager like X-plore or ActiveFile to copy the file to another location, and open it in a text editor like LightNotepad.
Your password appears at the end of a line that starts with some cryptic code. Suppose your password was NOKIASUX, then it will appear in LightNotepad as XXXXXXXxxx]NOKIASUX.
If your password has numbers or other strange characters, there may be question marks in between them. Just ignore those question marks. If you open the file in Notepad on a computer with Windows, there will be spaces in between the characters of your password.
No comments:
| ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:Brevard Tornados baseball players
This category is for college baseball players at Brevard College in Brevard, North Carolina. | WIKI |
MedsChat.com
The People's Medicine Community ®
Drug Index:
Sulfamethoxazole
FDA Approved: March 23, 1978
Pharm Company: SANDOZ
Category: Antibiotics
Welcome to the Sulfamethoxazole information hub. Scroll down to read supplemental details and discuss this drug.
Sulfamethoxazole Overview
Sulfamethoxazole (abbreviated SMZ or SMX)[1][2][3] is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic. It is most often used as part of a synergistic combination with trimethoprim in a 5:1 ratio in co-trimoxazole (abbreviated SMZ-TMP and SMX-TMP,[4] or TMP-SMZ and TMP-SMX), also known under trade names such as Bactrim, Septrin, or Septra; in Eastern Europe it is marketed as Biseptol. Its primary activity is against susceptible forms of Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Escherichi...
Read more Sulfamethoxazole Details
Details May Include Instructions, Side Effects, Interactions, Etc. Drug monograph is from Wikipedia. All text is available under the terms of the GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License). Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfamethoxazole
Recent Sulfamethoxazole Forums: RSS Feed
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets, usp 800mg/ 160 mg double strenth
i am giving 15 tablets twice a day to my horse could you tell me what this takes care of for me is it for pain or an antibioc ? want to know what it is for please and thank you ## can i give sulfamethoxazole & trimethoprim 800 mg to horse for cough and inflammation ## Sulfamthoxazole/Trimethoprim Tablets are an antibiotic. Does your horse have and infection or has it been injured, i.e. puncture wound? ## What is the normal dosage for Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim DS 800-160, for horses ## Co-trimoxazole- antibacterial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. The name co-trimoxazole is the British Approved Name, and has been marketed worldwide under many trade names including Septra (GSK), Ba...
Updated 6 minutes ago.
17 Subscribe to thread 161115
can sulfamethoxazole delay period?
My last period was on 4th of June, I've take d medication for 7 days which ended on 1st of July n my husband n I have been having intercourse too. Pls could I be pregnant or is it a delay? ## Hello, Pinky! How are you? Antibiotics have sometimes been known to cause a woman's menstrual cycle to be irregular, but if you've been having intercourse, as well, being checked for pregnancy will be the only way to know for sure. Is there anything else I can help with?
Updated 8 days ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 268408
smz/tmp ds 800-160 tab interpharm
SMZ/TMP DS 800-160 TAB INTERPHARM ## This contains 800mgs of Sulfamethoxazole and 160mgs of Trimethoprim, a generic for Bactrim. This is an antibiotic. Some of the most common side effects include: nausea, drowsiness, diarrhea and dizziness. ## I took 2 doses of this medicine and ended up in the ER with a splitting headache, after I threw up everything I have eaten since the 3rd grade! I was disoriented and had trouble relating what was wrong to the doctors. After 5 hours in the ER with an IV, anti-nausea and pain meds... I was able to return home. Never take this medicine! ## Is this drug really bad? If so why do doctor's still prescribe it?!!!! Thanks a concerned grinch!!!! ## Yes, I've been taking this med for 4 days and am nauseated all day and into the nite. Will quit this ...
Updated 12 days ago.
128 Subscribe to thread 184799
can you drink any type of alcohol while taking sulfamethoxazole tmp
I just took my last pill today, about 3 hours ago. I drank one beer a few days ago while taking it and I did experience more dizziness than usual but was fine. Do you think its okay to drink tonight? ## Hello, Ali! How are you? That close to having taken it, you will likely still experience more nausea and dizziness than usual, so it would be best to avoid drinking. If you feel you can't, then just try not to overdo it. You should be fine in a few days, though. Is there anything else I can help with?
Updated 26 days ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 267727
taking sulfamethoxazole for infection in my nose
Dont really know but infection in or on my nose one side only the infection could come from the soft tissues on my skin. Im taking the medicine sulfamethoxazole ## Hello, Barbara! How are you? Was this medication prescribed for you? It's an antibiotic and its side effects may include nausea, dizziness, non-allergic skin rash and diarrhea.
Updated 27 days ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 267380
can you use sulfamethoxazole tmp for cellulitis due to spider bit
I got a spider bit about 5 days ago and went to the doctor and they gave me sulfamethoxazole-TMP for it does it clear cellulitis from it because Ive begin to get cellulitis around the bite and its very painful. ## Hello, Lisa! How are you? Yes, this is an antibiotic that can be used to treat various types of bacterial infections, including cellulitis. Side effects may include nausea, dizziness, non-allergic skin rash and diarrhea. Is there anything else I can help with? ## I was gave smz/tmp n my face turned red, I have the chills that come n go and also my jaw hurts that also come and goes is this a reaction to the medicine
Updated 29 days ago.
2 Subscribe to thread 266693
sulfamethoxazole-tmp DS Tabitp what kind of infection isthis for
I have this drug, but I don't know what it was for. What type of infection is this good for? Flu ## Sulfamethoxazole is commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. In addition can be used as an alternative to amoxicillin-based antibiotics to treat sinusitis. It can also be used to treat toxoplasmosis. To learn more click on the link below... Do you have any more questions or information to add? Please post back if you do. ## mrsa ## Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. It may also be referred to as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA). MRSA is by definition any strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to a large...
Updated 1 month ago.
50 Subscribe to thread 195695
Tab ledst for treat kidney infection
I need to know this medication sulfamethoxazole DS tablets is use to treat kidney infectiion ## Hello, Jose! How are you? Yes, this is an antibiotic that's used to treat bacterial infections. Side effects may include nausea, dizziness, non-allergic skin rash and diarrhea. Has this medication been prescribed for you?
Updated 1 month ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 266563
can you drink white wine while taking sulfamethoxazole tmp
can you drink a glass of white wine while taking sulfamethoxazole tmp ## Hello, Sharon! How are you? Yes, as long as your doctor approves, but you may experience more side effects than usual, so it may be like drinking 2 glasses for each one, that may include nausea, dizziness and drowsiness. Is there anything else I can help with?
Updated 1 month ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 265237
what is sulfameth for
I went to the urgent care and found out I have Epididymitis. The doctor gave me SULFAMETHOXAZOLE%2FTRIMETHOPRIM-%20ORAL to take two times a day.. I am throwing up and have like a head ache. What should I do? ## Hello, Ray! How are you? This is an antibiotic that's used to treat various types of bacterial infections. Those can be normal side effects, along with dizziness, diarrhea and non-allergic skin rash. Have you tried taking it with food?
Updated 2 months ago.
1 Subscribe to thread 264688
Possible Dosages for this and Related Drugs:
Sulfamethoxazole
• Suspension: 500mg/5ml
• Tablet: 1gm, 500mg
Note: Above list includes dosages for all drugs with the same combination of active ingredients.
Other drugs which contain Sulfamethoxazole or a similar ingredient: (8 results)
Possibly related Sulfamethoxazole Topics:
sulfamethoxazole tmp ds tabitp White oval shaped Tablet imprinted with ip 272 on the front ## This is a combination antibiotic, generic for Bactrim. So... 81
sulfamethoxazole-tmp DS Tabitp what kind of infection isthis for I have this drug, but I don't know what it was for. What type of infection is this good for? Flu ## Sulfamethoxazole... 50
sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets, usp 800mg/ 160 mg double strenth i am giving 15 tablets twice a day to my horse could you tell me what this takes care of for me is it for pain or an ant... 17
Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim DS I started taking Sulfameth Trimethoprim DS 24 hours ago. It is making me very sleepy, dizzy and slightly nauseated. Is t... 13
Sulfamethoxazole Tmp Ds how long does it take for this drug to get out of your system? ## Sulfamethoxazole Trimethoprim is an antibiotic/antibac... 8
sulfamethoxazole tmp ds tab side effects how does this drug act with kelflex? ## They are both antibiotics, no special precautions listed for taking them togethe... 8
SULFAMETHOXAZOLE/TMP DS TABITP WHAT THIS MEDICATION FOR? ## Sulfamethoxazole can be used as an alternative to amoxicillin-based antibiotics to treat si... 7
sulfamethoxazoletmp ds tablet oval shaped white pill with a V on one side and 58 59 on the back ## Sulfemethoxazole with Trimethoprim is a generic for... 7
sulfamethoxazole-tmp ds tabitp side effects ## Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim is an antibiotic used to treat various types of infections. Common side ef... 6
Sulfamethoxazole shelf life what is the shelf life for Sulfamethoxazole-tmp ## If you need help with drugs please ask God for healing just say out l... 6 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Lindigo.djvu/195
Rh
Great were the rejoicings among the tenantry and all others in the district on hearing of the arrival of its present proprietor, Charlie Stuart and his wife, for whom they had mourned for years.
A bonfire on an extensive scale was given by the proprietor in commemoration of the happy event which every person on the estate attended. Games and sports of all descriptions, calculated to enliven the guests, were introduced. After the banquet dancing was commenced which was kept up with great spirit. About one o'clock Charlie led his lovely wife to seek the refreshing, air on the balcony, when they halted on the very spot where ten years before they had exchanged the sighs of ardent love. Ten years! and through what vicissitudes they had passed during that period! So awful that they were now almost afraid to think of them! Would it were in reality a dream! "Yes! ten years!" whispered Charlie, "and you are as lovely as ever."
A great rustling of silk and shuffling of feet could now be heard by them, and the whole company came out to inhale the fresh air.
It was now proposed that a procession should be formed, when each gentleman leading his partner, was to proceed to the side of the lake, and see what was going on there; they accordingly started, the whole being led by Charlie and his wife. Immense cheering, and throwing of hats and bonnets, met the new proprietor and his wife, as they walked among the tenantry, and many blessings were heaped upon them.
Around one of the fires was seen a crowd of curious spectators apparently enjoying something which was quite novel in the Highlands, judging by the strange sounds issuing from the group and the additional spectators it was constantly receiving. Charlie and the party now directed their steps towards it, when they beheld to their astonishment, a representation of an Australian corroboree. | WIKI |
Samson Island, Newfoundland and Labrador
Samson Island is a settlement in Newfoundland and Labrador. It is located on the east coast of Newfoundland (on Notre Dame Bay, east of the Baie Verte Peninsula). | WIKI |
User:Phanatiik/sandbox
= Daniel Taveras = From Daniel to the World
Daniel A. Taveras (Born Oct. 13 1993) better known as PhaNaTiiK, is an Dominican car enthusist who also enjoys video games, Computers, and every extreme sport. Born in Puerto Rico and raised in Florida. | WIKI |
Page:Fires and Fire-fighters (1913).djvu/250
184 in this fashion, one of the guests rang and complained of a water pipe located just above his bed, which had burst suddenly and awakened him from his beauty sleep. His indignation was unbounded and in the morning he demanded an apology from the manager, which was smilingly forthcoming. But that individual did not think it necessary to explain to the irate guest that the room above his (an unoccupied one) had caught fire and that the lives of some five hundred guests had been quietly and quickly saved by an inconspicuous "sprinkler." | WIKI |
2014 Indy Lights
The 2014 Indy Lights season was a season of open wheel motor racing. It was the 29th season of the Indy Lights series and the 13th sanctioned by IndyCar, acting as the primary support series for the IndyCar Series. It began March 30, 2014 in St. Petersburg. The 2014 season was the first promoted by Andersen Promotions, who also promotes the other steps on the Mazda Road to Indy.
It was the final season for the Dallara IPS/Infiniti V8 chassis and engine package that debuted in 2002. A new chassis, to be built by Dallara, will be introduced for 2015 along with an AER turbocharged 4-cylinder engine. 2014 was also the first season with Cooper Tire as the sole tire supplier, replacing Firestone who had supplied tires to the series for its entire previous existence.
Colombian-American Gabby Chaves, driving for Belardi Auto Racing captured the championship on the second tie-breaker over Schmidt Peterson Motorsports rookie Jack Harvey.
Early on, the season appeared to be a two-horse race between Chaves and Andretti Autosport's Zach Veach. However, a late-season charge by Harvey put him within striking distance of the championship. Harvey did not capture his first win until the tenth race of the season. However, Chaves managed a second-place finish in the final race of the season behind Harvey in first. Chaves and Harvey tied on points and on the first tie-breaker number of wins with four each. Chaves captured the championship by having five second-place finishes to Harvey's one. Despite a season of low car-counts where only eight drivers competed in all 14 races, six different drivers captured victories. In addition to Chaves, Harvey, and Veach, other winners included Matthew Brabham and Luiz Razia who each captured their first and only wins of the season on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course and Belardi's Alexandre Baron – a race-winner in Toronto – who was in the championship hunt until reported visa issues forced him to leave the series.
Team and driver chart
* All drivers competed in Cooper Tire–shod Dallara chassis.
Schedule
Andersen Promotions announced the 2014 Indy Lights schedule on October 24, 2013. The season consisted of 14 races held over 10 race weekends, consisting of three street circuits, three ovals, and four permanent road courses. All race weekends on permanent road courses were double-race weekends. The series returned to Sonoma Raceway for the first time since 2010. It also raced on the Indianapolis Motor Speedway road course for the first time since 2007 in support of the new Grand Prix of Indianapolis, although the track was in a different configuration than the one raced in 2007. The series did not return to Iowa Speedway, Auto Club Speedway, or Houston despite IndyCar returning to those tracks in 2014 and did not race at the Baltimore Grand Prix as that race was cancelled for 2014.
Drivers' championship
* Points system
* Drivers had to complete 50% of the race distance in order to score full points, otherwise 1 point was awarded.
* Ties in points broken by number of wins, or best finishes. | WIKI |
Business and Its Publics/2009 Section 25 Vocabulary Wiki
Business and its Publics (BiP) 2009. Section 25 Vocabulary Wiki.
Enter new vocabulary terms here, and sign your name. Then contribute definitions to open vocabulary terms. BiP2009S20 20:51, 20 January 2009 (UTC)
Enter new definitions in the format of Definition List as follows:
or
* Word : Definition of the word
* Longer Phrase
* phrase defined at length, such that, even with a relatively large window width one can see that the wrapping of the text maintains the indentation of the definition and thus a highlight of the defined term. This accentuates readability of the list.
To get started, click the "edit" button above (at the right, in this window, by the headline) and copy the formatting codes from the examples above.
* S/N : in most cases (i.e. science, electrical engineering) refers to ratio of signal power to noise power corrupting the signal. However, informally, it means the ratio of useful information to false or irrelevant data. This is important for our Cycle 1 position paper because in order to construct a legitimate, convincing argument, we must only include sources and discuss material that pertain to our stand on the issue. Including or analyzing information that is off topic or attacking an opponent that doesn't matter weakens the essay.
[please correct if I'm wrong]
Source: Wikipedia
Jenny Wu
* 501(c)3 : a tax law provision granting exemption from the federal income tax to non-profit organizations. Exemptions apply to corporations, and any community chest, fund, or foundation, organized and operated exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, testing for public safety, literary, or educational purposes, or to foster national or international amateur sports competition, or for the prevention of cruelty to children or animals.
source: Wikipedia
Yoo Hyun (Jean) Kim
* Debt : Duty or obligation to pay money, deliver goods, or render service under an express or implied agreement
* Debit : In double-entry bookkeeping, entry on the left-hand side of an account record. It has the effect of decreasing a capital, liability, or revenue account, or of increasing an asset or expense account.
* Deficit : Excess of expenses over income or liabilities over assets
Source: businessdictionary.com
Jenny Wu
WTO, IMF, and NGO are all considered TLA's because they are Three Letter Acronyms or Three Letter Agencies
Source: Wiktionary
Jenny Wu
WTO: World Trade Organization - international organization designed to supervise and liberalize international trade.
* The World Trade Organization deals with the rules of trade between nations at a near-global level; it is responsible for negotiating and implementing new trade agreements, and is in charge of policing member countries' adherence to all the WTO agreements, signed by the majority of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. (Erin Potts, Wikipedia and wto.org)
IMF: International Monetary Fund - international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the macroeconomic policies of its member countries, in particular those with an impact on exchange rates and the balance of payments.
NGO: Non-governmental Organization - term that has become widely accepted for referring to a legally constituted organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government.
* NGOs vary in their methods. Some act primarily as lobbyists, while others conduct programs and activities primarily. NGOs are not subjects of international law, as states are. An exception is the International Committee of the Red Cross, which is subject to certain specific matters, mainly relating to the Geneva Convention.(Erin Potts, Wikipedia)
Source: Wikipedia
Xin Yu
incremental, additional, marginal
marginal: Referring to the next additional smallest unit added to the current total
Souce: business dictionary.com
Titilayo Arasi
Incremental
* An increase, either of some fixed amount, for example added regularly, or of a variable amount.
For example, a salary may receive an annual increment.
Additional
* Further or added, (possibly) added to complete or make up a deficiency
- Katlin Montali (answers.com)
De Facto: existing in fact whether with lawful authority or not
Source: Dictionary.com
Albert Schmool
* mark to market: The daily revaluation of securities to reflect their current market value instead of their acquisition price or book value. Also referred to as marked to market or marking to market.
Saumya Goel (businessdictionary.com)
* LDC: Least Developed Countries (LDCs or Fourth World countries) are countries which according to the United Nations exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development, with the lowest Human Development Index ratings of all countries in the world.
Based on low-income ,human resource weakness (based on indicThe Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges.ators of nutrition, health, education and adult literacy),economic vulnerability
Source: Wikipedia Shiqi Ruby Chen
Shiqi Ruby Chen
* GNI:
* Gross National Income (GNI): comprises the total value produced within a country (i.e. its Gross Domestic Product), together with its income received from other countries (notably interest and dividends), less similar payments made to other countries
Source: Wikipedia Jenny Wu
1.) Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty 2.) Achieve universal primary education 3.)Promote gender equality and empower Women 4.) Reduce child mortality 5.) Improve maternal health 6.) Combat Aids/HIV, malaria, and other diseases 7.) Ensure environmental sustainability 8.) Develop a global partnership for development
* MDGs:The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges.
The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured by 60 indicators. Source: United Nations Development Program Andy Wang
Sustainable Development: Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Source: World Commission on Environment and Development (1987)
Marc Rofsky
Social Entrepreneurship: Social Entrepreneurship creates new models for the provision of products and services that cater directly to basic human needs that remain unsatisfied by current economic or social institutions
Source: Steelos and Mair
Marc Rofsky
* Six Sigma : Define/explain?
Jenny Wu
Six Sigma: Well controlled process that is ± six sigma from the centerline of a control chart; thus, no defects within six standard deviations at the target level of performance. It translates into 0.00034 percent defects (3.4 defects per million) or, in practical terms, zero defects.
Titilayo Arasi Source: Business Dictionary
* Baumol's disease (prediction)
* personal services are dondemned to grow more expensive (relative to other items) over time - the prices of personal services (such as education and entertainment) will rise relative to the prices of manufactured goods (such as cars and telephone calls).
Why is this important in the future?
Katlin Montali (Source: BiP Book!)
* Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
* The total market value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, government, and investment spending, plus exports, minus imports.
Saumya Goel Source: Businessdictionary.com
private limited company Type of incorporated firm which (like a public firm) offers limited liability to its shareholders but which (unlike a public firm) places certain restrictions on its ownership. These restrictions are spelled out in the firm's articles of association or bylaws and are meant to prevent any hostile takeover attempt.
Source: Business Dictionary.com Titilayo Arasi
* 529 Plans : A state-sponsored program designed to help parents finance education expenses; allows prepayment of qualified higher education expenses at eligible educational institutions. Section 529 plans are administered by certain investment companies and subject to contribution requirements and investment guidelines
Source: investopedia.com and investorwords.com Jenny Wu | WIKI |
Talk:Arfa Karim
Flight Certificate
My condolences, but is there any closer information about this flight certification she made at the age of 10? This is cited worldwide, but excuse me to have some doubts about. --Jackobli (talk) 20:35, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
* I could not find any evidence for this but due to translation of this section on the english wikipedia article, this 'fact' is now reported in international media as if she was the youngest girl with a pilot license. I doubt that it is possible to get a valid license in any country of the world at the age of 10. But this reports are now input for other language wikipedia articles. --Neozoon 19:31, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
* I don't think it was a flying license, rather just a certificate may be to commend her. -- S M S Talk 20:32, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
* I agree but it gets blown up to (example) "At the age of 10, Arfa Karim achieved a license to pilot an airplane. " (http://news.yahoo.com/pakistani-genius-teen-arfa-karim-dies-draws-worldwide-191200406.html) and this is incorporated back into Wikipedia articles --Neozoon 22:17, 21 January 2012 (UTC)
* You are right! So what do you suggest, rephrasing of the sentence or complete removal? -- S M S Talk 08:31, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* I would suggest to remove it since I doubt that she achieved a relevant flight certificate with this one flight during her 14 day stay in Dubai. Groetjes --Neozoon 12:38, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* Removed as discussed --Neozoon 21:28, 25 January 2012 (UTC)
Whats exactly her archievement?
After returning to Pakistan from a visit to Microsoft headquarters, Arfa gave numerous television and newspaper interviews. Wow. Somebody went to an Corporation-HQ, and therefore is interviewed by the media?
Arfa Karim is also the recipient of the President's Award for Pride of Performance, a civil award granted to people who have shown excellence in their respective fields over a long period of time. Sorry, but she got this award in 2005, at the age of 9 or 10. What a long period of time could this possibly be? I really lack to see what is making her so special. And for what exactly did she get all these Honors, Medals etc.? For passing a Microsoft-exam? Thats all?
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:54, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* Her achievement was probably passing MCP exam at such a young age of 9 years. And this (a civil award granted to people who have shown excellence in their respective fields over a long period of time.) is a typical citation for this award. I have tried to correct it. -- S M S Talk 08:44, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
* The Wiki-article about the MCP states that such a test costs about 150 US-$, takes about 2-3 hours of time and contains at least 40 questions (up to 90). In my opinion, it is not such a big deal to pass one of this tests if you properly learned. A few months ago I saw a seven year old kid which learned all the presidents of the USA, there vices, and their term in office. At the age of 10, I could tell you to over 150 countries in the world their capital city, and where in general it is located (plus some capitals of US and german states). Remember your childhood. Maybe you were interessted in dinosaurs, and could easily tell for a hundred different species where they lived and in what era. My point is: if children are interessted in something, it is so easy for them to remember lots of facts about it. But for most of us there aren't any tests that we could pass and therefore 'earn' any medals. ;)
* If she really did program something on her own (like Mozart composed at young ages), then this would be different. But I do not read anything about it in the article. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 10:13, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
Fair use candidate from Commons: File:Arfakrim12.jpg
The file File:Arfakrim12.jpg, used on this page, has been deleted from Wikimedia Commons and re-uploaded at File:Arfakrim12.jpg. It should be reviewed to determine if it is compliant with this project's non-free content policy, or else should be deleted and removed from this page. If no action is taken, it will be deleted after 7 days. Commons fair use upload bot (talk) 14:45, 15 May 2013 (UTC)
Justification
A tag has been affixed to the page "This article appears to contradict itself about the ages at and years in which others have broken Karim's record. Please see the talk page for more information. (May 2015)". @User:TortoiseWrath I request to close it by disclosing the others. Nannadeem (talk) 16:41, 23 December 2015 (UTC)
* More than two weeks have passed, no justification provided so tag appears unwarranted. Nannadeem (talk) 14:21, 15 January 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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Copyeditor passing by
Just dropping by the talk page to let watchers know that I've removed the "Achievements" section as the information was redundant and mentioned in the prose elsewhere. The last sentence about the park was removed because it offered no information other than acting as a puff sentence. Finally, I switched all mentions of her first name with what I believed to be her last name, Randhawa in accordance with MOS:LASTNAME. If it is Karim, please change it. — Tenryuu 🐲 ( 💬 • 📝 ) 00:34, 7 July 2020 (UTC) | WIKI |
Botten, Telemark
Botten is a village in Bamble Municipality in Telemark county, Norway. The village is located about 5 km to the north of the village of Valle, about 8 km southwest of the village of Bamble, and about 2 km to the south of the European route E18 highway. The village is mainly a residential area.
The 0.34 km2 village has a population (2022) of 253 and a population density of 750 PD/km2. | WIKI |
News from Nowhere/Chapter XIII
Said I: "How do you manage with politics?"
Said Hammond, smiling: "I am glad that it is of me that you ask that question; I do believe that anybody else would make you explain yourself, or try to do so, till you were sickened of asking questions. Indeed, I believe I am the only man in England who would know what you mean; and since I know, I will answer your question briefly by saying that we are very well off as to politics,—because we have none. If ever you make a book out of this conversation, put this in a chapter by itself, after the model of old Horrebow's Snakes in Iceland."
"I will," said I. | WIKI |
Forum: Ruby on Rails Warning: Ambiguous first argument; make sure.
Announcement (2017-05-07): www.ruby-forum.com is now read-only since I unfortunately do not have the time to support and maintain the forum any more. Please see rubyonrails.org/community and ruby-lang.org/en/community for other Rails- und Ruby-related community platforms.
Heinz S. (Guest)
on 2008-11-05 23:15
Hello,
I'm getting this warning:
Warning: Ambiguous first argument; make sure.
in my unit test:
assert_match /^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, user.username
Does anyone know why or how to change it so it disappears?
Thanks
Jeffrey L. Taylor (Guest)
on 2008-11-06 17:42
(Received via mailing list)
Quoting Heinz S. <removed_email_address@domain.invalid>:
>
> Does anyone know why or how to change it so it disappears?
IIRC, parentheses fix the warning. I.e.,
assert_match(/^[a-zA-Z0-9]+$/, user.username)
Why it is ambiguous I will leave to someone better in Ruby than I.
HTH,
Jeffrey
Heinz S. (Guest)
on 2008-12-02 15:54
Thanks!
This topic is locked and can not be replied to. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Miyazono Senju IV
Miyazono Senju (宮薗千寿) was a Japanese jōruri singer and shamisen player, designated a Living National Treasure. He was the head of the Miyazono school of jōruri and at one time the only surviving performer in the style.
Miyazono studied the nagauta singing style from a very young age, and in 1917 began studying the Miyazono-bushi and Ogie-bushi styles under Miyazono Senju III (aka Ogie Kō). He shed his birth name, Hatsu Mizuno, taking on a number of art-names before becoming the fourth Miyazono Senju in 1959. Senju was named a Living National Treasure in 1972, and was awarded the Order of the Precious Crown the following year.
Miyazono died in 1985, though his students Miyazono Sennami, Momoyama Harue, and others, continued the tradition of Miyazono-bushi. | WIKI |
Senate approves supplemental Lend-Lease Act, Oct. 23, 1941
On this day in 1941, some six weeks before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the Senate passed a $5.98 billion supplemental Lend-Lease bill, thereby bringing the United States another step closer to direct involvement in World War II. In 1934, the Johnson Debt-Default Act forbade the United States from trading with any warring nation except on a cash-and-carry basis. As the war in Europe progressed, Britain’s financial resources were stretched to the limit. If the British were to survive the Nazi German onslaught, a way around the Johnson Act had to be found. Although the Lend-Lease program was created to help Britain, within months, it was expanded to include China and the Soviet Union. By the end of the war, the United States had extended more than $50 billion in Lend-Lease aid to 38 nations. A basic Lend-Lease Act approved by Congress in March 1941 had given President Franklin D. Roosevelt virtually unlimited authority to direct such materials as ammunition, tanks, airplanes, trucks and food to bolster the war effort in Europe without violating the nation’s neutral stance. Most Republican legislators had opposed the bill. When the House voted on Feb. 9, 1941, Democrats voted 238-25 in favor and Republicans 24 in favor and 135 against. When the Senate voted a month later, 49 Democrats voted in favor and 13 against. By contrast, only 10 Senate Republicans supported the bill. Under the act, the president could “sell, transfer title to, exchange, lease, lend or otherwise dispose of” items to other countries if he decided they weren’t vital to U.S. national security. In so doing, the United States became, as Roosevelt stated, “the great arsenal of democracy.” The supplemental bill brought the amount of available aid to nearly $13 billion. Roosevelt had pressed the lawmakers to create the program as a way of providing indirect support to the allied combatants without engaging the United States in a war that lacked widespread public support. FDR gained support for the Lend-Lease concept by using the analogy of lending a neighbor your garden hose if his house was on fire and thereby keeping the fire from spreading to your own house. The equivalent of $670 billion in today’s dollars in supplies were shipped, or about 17 percent of America’s total war expenditures. In all, $31.4 billion (equivalent to $420 billion today) went to Britain, $11.3 billion (equivalent to about $150 billion today) to the Soviet Union, $3.2 billion (equivalent to $43 billion today) to France, $1.6 billion (equivalent to $21.5 billion today) to China, and the remaining $2.6 billion to the other allies. After the Allied victory, most of these debts were canceled. Only about $8 billion was repaid, and most of that money came from Britain and France. The Soviet Union foreshadowed its Cold War hostility toward the United States by refusing to repay its own considerable share of U.S.-financed assistance. SOURCE: U.S. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Your Healthcare Team: Doctors Who Diagnose and Treat Alzheimer's Disease
Reviewed by: HU Medical Review Board | Last reviewed: June 2022. | Last updated: July 2022
If you have Alzheimer's disease or suspect you might have the condition, there are a variety of doctors who can help diagnose and treat the condition.
Any chronic medical condition requires a team of professionals who specialize in various aspects of the condition, to ensure you get the most comprehensive, multi-disciplinary treatment to treat not just the condition, but to treat you as a person, in all areas of your life and wellness. It may not be necessary to see all of these kinds of doctors, and that's okay. Not everyone will see the same kinds of doctors as not everyone will have the same diagnostic journey or have the same symptoms.
Primary care physician
Primary care physicians, also known as PCPs, generalists, or family doctors, are often the first medical professionals that speak with a patient about their concerns regarding memory loss or potential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. In order to become a PCP, after graduating from four years of medical school, a person completes a residency in either family medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, or internal medicine.1 These take approximately three years, but sometimes longer if the doctor chooses additional training or chooses a specialty.
PCPs can provide initial assessments and perhaps even a complete evaluation, but you should ask your doctor how familiar they are with diagnosing dementia and how much experience they have with memory problems in patients, and when they would consider referring out to a specialist.2
Neurologist or memory disorder specialist
A neurologist is a specialist who is trained in nervous system disorders, especially issues with the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.2
As with most branches of medicine, neurologists can focus on different aspects of these disorders, or choose to concentrate their care on one disorder. This is something to consider when looking for a neurologist: ask them if they specialize in dementia or the care of Alzheimer's patients.
In addition to a medical degree, neurologists complete an internship and then a residency in neurology that is at least three years long. If they decide to pursue further specialization like training in sleep medicine or want to focus on one disorder, they might have additional training after their residency.3
You might also see doctors labeled as “memory disorder specialists.” These can be neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, or geriatricians who specialize in diagnosing and treating dementia or other memory disorders.
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist, especially one who specializes in geriatrics, may be a helpful specialist to see to rule out any other cause of memory loss or mental health issues, as well as address any behavioral issues that may be associated with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's.
Psychiatrists concentrate on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. Training to become a psychiatrist involves graduating from medical school and completing a four-year psychiatry residency.4 If they want to specialize in an area like geriatric or forensic psychiatry, additional training is often done.
Psychologist
Psychologists have a bachelor's (BS), master's (MS), or doctoral degree (PhD, EdD, or PsyD). Those that go through a doctoral program also complete a one-year, full-time, supervised pre-doctoral internship as well as a post-doctoral internship.5
Graduate school coursework involves classes on cognitive aspects of behavior, ethics, statistics, biological and social aspects of behavior, psychological assessment, and therapy, along with things like family dynamics, child psychology, and more.
Neuropsychologists have additional training in neuropsychology and focus on testing and assessing cognitive skills and functioning.2
Geriatrician
If you have children, you're familiar with pediatricians, or doctors who specialize in the care of children – but did you know there's a kind of doctor that specializes in the care of older individuals? These doctors are called geriatricians. Geriatricians are PCPs who have additional, specialized training in treating older patients.6
While there's no specific age at which you want to start seeing a geriatrician, this kind of professional can be helpful if you have a variety of medical conditions, have any sort of decline in functioning, or have an ailment associated with aging, like Alzheimer's.
These are just some of the doctors who may be part of your treatment team for Alzheimer's disease. Depending on your symptoms, effects on your life, your physical health, and any other medical issues that may come up, your personal team might look different and include one or more of these professionals.
There is no one "right" or "wrong" treatment team make-up; each person is different and care is tailored to your needs.
By providing your email address, you are agreeing to our privacy policy. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Use the rolodex controls or search box below to find tests. You can enter a test name, CPT code, test code, or alias in the search box.
Test Name: Comprehensive Metabolic Panel
Test Code: 1520
Other Names: CMP
Test Includes: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT); albumin: globulin (A:G) ratio; albumin; alkaline phosphatase; aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT); bilirubin, total; BUN; BUN:creatinine ratio; calcium; carbon dioxide, total; chloride; creatinine; eGFR calculation; globulin, total; glucose; potassium; protein, total; sodium
Specimen Requirements: Serum(preferred) or Plasma (lithium heparin)
Container: N/A
Collection Instructions: Separate serum or plasma from cells within 45 minutes of collection. If green-top tube is used, transfer separated plasma to a plastic transfer tube.
Stability: Separated Samples are stable at Room temperature 1 day, Refrigerated 7 days frozen 30 days
Rejection Criteria / Special Instructions: Use of anticoagulants containing citrate,fluoride, EDTA and Sodium Heparin. Moderate to Gross hemolysis; excessive lipemia; improper labeling
Methodology: Please refer to individual tests. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Phase plane method
Merge to phase plane
This article creates a pointless content fork with Phase plane, which should explain the method there. Also this article is misleading in saying that:
* "to graphically determining the existence of limit cycles" <--- well yes it can determine the rest of the phase portrait especially in linearized systems or linearized approximations (not even stated explicitly), not just non-linear,
* "applicable for second order systems only, is a plot with axes being the values of the two state variables, $$x_2$$ vs. $$x_1$$" <--- What does "order" mean to a reader? Also wrong terminology, "order" in this context would refer to the order of the differential equation (e.x. "2nd order linear differential equation" etc.), not to the number of variables. Furthermore an n-order diff eqn can always be reduced to a system of n coupled 1st order eqns. So the terminology used is misleading.
* "Vectors representing the derivatives $$[f_2(x_1,x_2),f_1(x_1,x_2)]$$ at representative points are drawn." <-- Would be nice to explicitly state that these are derivatives using derivative notation.
* "With enough of these arrows in place the system behaviour over the entire plane can be visualized and limit cycles can be easily identified." <-- correct but we could do better, the vectors can be found on the axes, near equilibrium points, on isoclines, none of which is discussed in the article and is essential for actually determining the complete phase in a given region of the phase plane.
I will spill this into phase plane in the next day or so. Maschen (talk) 10:06, 14 September 2012 (UTC)
* ✅ Maschen (talk) 09:21, 15 September 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Language Enhancements in ColdFusion Splendor – Promoting built-in CF function to first class
A while ago I started a series of blog posts on Language Enhancements in ColdFusion Splendor and today, taking it forward, I am going to write about built-in ColdFusion functions being promoted to first class objects.
A first class object is the one which could be passed as an argument to a function call, assigned to a variable or returned as a result of a function invocation. So by promoting built-in functions to first class objects, you will be able to treat ColdFusion functions (structInsert, arrayLen, listFind) as objects and hence you can:
• Pass them as arguments to a function call
• Assign them to variables
• Return them as a result of a function invocation
Here is a very simple example showing how you can pass built-in functions as an argument:
<cfscript>
function convertCaseForArray(Array array, function convertor)
{
for (var i=1; i <= arrayLen(array); i++){
array[i] = convertor(array[i]);
}
return array;
}
// lcase built-in function is being passed as callback.
resultantArray = convertCaseForArray(['One', 'Two','Three'], lcase);
writedump(resultantArray);
</cfscript>
In the above example, lcase built-in function is directly being passed as an argument to convertCaseForArray, which was not allowed till ColdFusion10. Now, let’s see an example where the lcase and ucase built-in functions are being returned from the getConvertFunc function based on the type:
<cfscript>
function convertCaseArray(Array array, String caseTo)
{
caseConvertFunc = getConvertFunc(caseTo);
for (var i=1; i <= arrayLen(array); i++){
array[i] = caseConvertFunc(array[i]);
}
return array;
}
function getConvertFunc(String caseType)
{
if(caseType == 'lower')
return lcase;
else
return ucase;
}
resultantArray_lower = convertCaseArray(['One', 'Two','Three'], "lower");
resultantArray_upper = convertCaseArray(['One', 'Two','Three'], "upper");
writedump(resultantArray_lower);
writedump(resultantArray_upper);
</cfscript>
In the above example, getConvertFunc returns the convertor for the right case.
Stay tuned for more posts on language enhancements!
Leave a reply
Related | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:The Trespasser, Lawrence, 1912.djvu/220
212 grasses placed where he would not have allowed it—on his piano; nor his fiddle, laid cruelly on the cold, polished floor near the window. He merely sat down in an armchair, and felt sick.
All his unnatural excitement, all the poetic stimulation of the past few days, had vanished. He sat flaccid, while his life struggled slowly through him. After an intoxication of passion and love, and beauty, and of sunshine, he was prostrate. Like a plant that blossoms gorgeously and madly, he had wasted the tissue of his strength, so that now his life struggled in a clogged and broken channel.
Siegmund sat with his head between his hands, leaning upon the table. He would have been stupidly quiescent in his feeling of loathing and sickness had not an intense irritability in all his nerves tormented him into consciousness.
“I suppose this is the result of the sun—a sort of sunstroke,” he said, realizing an intolerable stiffness of his brain, a stunned condition in his head.
“This is hideous!” he said. His arms were quivering with intense irritation. He exerted all his will to stop them, and then the hot irritability commenced in his belly. Siegmund fidgeted in his chair without changing his position. He had not the energy to get up and move about. He fidgeted like an insect pinned down.
The door opened. He felt violently startled; yet there was no movement perceptible. Vera entered, ostensibly for an autograph album into which she was going to copy a drawing from the London Opinion, really to see what her father was doing. He did not move a muscle. He only longed intensely for his | WIKI |
Cohn resigns from White House | TheHill
Gary Cohn, President TrumpDonald John TrumpTrump pushes back on recent polling data, says internal numbers are 'strongest we've had so far' Illinois state lawmaker apologizes for photos depicting mock assassination of Trump Scaramucci assembling team of former Cabinet members to speak out against Trump MORE's top economic adviser, is resigning amid growing rifts over the direction of the administration’s economic policy. Cohn, director of the White House's National Economic Council, said he was stepping down on Tuesday after weeks of speculation that he and Trump were moving farther apart on trade policy. “It has been an honor to serve my country and enact pro-growth economic policies to benefit the American people, in particular the passage of historic tax reform,” Cohn said in a statement. “I am grateful to the president for giving me this opportunity and wish him and the administration great success in the future,” he said. The relationship between Cohn and the president seemed to be coming apart in the past couple of weeks with Trump insisting on steep steel and aluminum tariffs, a move Cohn opposed and had spent the better part of the past year trying to stop. While Cohn had telegraphed his intentions to leave, his exit came abruptly. Cohn was noticeably absent from a press conference with Trump and Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven. White House press secretary Sarah Sanders took his reserved seat instead. He is expected to stay in the job for several more weeks. Though Cohn didn’t cite a specific reason for his departure, it had become clear that he and Trump were far apart on the president's plan to impose steep across-the-board steel and aluminum tariffs. “Gary has been my chief economic advisor and did a superb job in driving our agenda, helping to deliver historic tax cuts and reforms and unleashing the American economy once again,” Trump said in a statement. “He is a rare talent, and I thank him for his dedicated service to the American people,” Trump said. Cohn, a former head of Goldman Sachs, has served as Trump’s chief economic advisor since the beginning of the administration. His deep ties to Wall Street made him a reassuring presence to investors and traders, and he had been discussed as a potential future chief of staff for the White House. At the same time, Cohn often came under criticism from others in Trump’s orbit. As a Democrat, Cohn was never a natural fit inside the White House and frequently found himself at odds with the Trump loyalists who dominated the administration's early days. Former chief strategist Stephen Bannon often derided Cohn as “Globalist Gary.” But Cohn outlasted Bannon and many others, even staying on after reportedly being furious with Trump over the president’s remarks about the racially charged violence in Charlottesville, Va. Cohn's departure comes amid a tumultuous time at the White House, which has been stung by several high-level departures, including communications director Hope HicksHope Charlotte HicksHope Hicks defends accuracy of her congressional testimony Nadler subpoenas Lewandowski, former White House official for testimony House panel to go to court to enforce McGahn subpoena, Nadler says MORE, staff secretary Rob Porter and adviser Reed Cordish. Trump hours before the news of Cohn's resignation broke said many people wanted to work at the White House. He also said he liked having conflict and aides that disagreed with one another. Cohn reportedly came close to resigning after the Charlottesville episode, which may also have damaged his standing with the president. But he chose to stay as Trump pursued tax reform in the fall, which ended with a significant victory for the White House. Trump’s plan to impose a 25 percent tariff on steel imports and a 10 percent tariff on aluminum imports caused a new rift. Cohn was reportedly planning to hold a meeting with Trump and opponents of the sweeping tariffs on Thursday at the White House. It is uncertain whether that meeting will go on as planned. He was among a group of free-traders in the administration who had succeeded during his tenure in persuading Trump to shelve plans for aggressive actions against U.S. trading partners. But those efforts were foiled last week when Trump announced he would impose steep tariffs on imported steel and aluminum. The move irked Cohn in part because the president sidestepped the White House’s policy process. Trump allies noted that Cohn's overall worldview seemed incongruous with the president's more populist approach, even before the tariffs issue brought matters to a head. “It's sad, obviously, because he has got tremendous talent,” Barry Bennett, a senior advisor to Trump's 2016 campaign, told The Hill. “But he was probably never really a good fit, ideologically. And in the end, ideology matters.” Niall Stanage, Avery Anapol and Jonathan Easley contributed. View the discussion thread. The Hill 1625 K Street, NW Suite 900 Washington DC 20006 | 202-628-8500 tel | 202-628-8503 fax The contents of this site are ©2019 Capitol Hill Publishing Corp., a subsidiary of News Communications, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Giving Videos a Window of Their Own
Tech Tip Q. How do you do picture-in-picture video with Safari on a Mac? A. In macOS Sierra and later, you can use the Picture in Picture mode to pop out a floating video-player window on the screen while you have other pages and programs open on the desktop. The feature works in the Safari browser for videos on sites that use the HTML 5 standard for playback, like Vimeo and YouTube. Videos from Apple’s iTunes Store support the Picture in Picture view, as do some other apps. To use the Picture in Picture mode, open a compatible video and, in the tool bar of playback controls, click the icon on the right that looks like two rectangles. The video should pop out in a small, separate window that you can resize by dragging its corner with the cursor. To reposition the video window, drag it to your preferred side of the screen. If you do not want to anchor the window in a screen corner, hold down the Mac’s Command key while you drag the window to your preferred position on the desktop. When you hover the cursor over the video window, you get controls to pause or play the clip, or to exit the Picture in Picture mode. (You can also click the X in the upper-left corner of the video window to close it.) To fast-forward or rewind through the clip, however, you need to use the playback controls on the video’s page in the main Safari window. Some videos may not display the Picture in Picture icon on the playback tool bar. In this case, hold down the Mac’s Control key and double-click the video window. When the shortcut menu appears, look for an “Enter Picture in Picture” option. Some videos may not have even that, but for those video apps that do not work with the Mac’s Picture in Picture mode, a Safari extension called PiPifier might coax the clips into their separate windows. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Quantcast
Melanins in Fossil Animals: Is It Possible to Infer Life History Traits from the Coloration of Extinct Species?
Research paper by Juan J JJ Negro, Clive C Finlayson, Ismael I Galván
Indexed on: 24 Jan '18Published on: 24 Jan '18Published in: International journal of molecular sciences
Abstract
Paleo-colour scientists have recently made the transition from describing melanin-based colouration in fossil specimens to inferring life-history traits of the species involved. Two such cases correspond to counter-shaded dinosaurs: dark-coloured due to melanins dorsally, and light-coloured ventrally. We believe that colour reconstruction of fossils based on the shape of preserved microstructures-the majority of paleo-colour studies involve melanin granules-is not without risks. In addition, animals with contrasting dorso-ventral colouration may be under different selection pressures beyond the need for camouflage, including, for instance, visual communication or ultraviolet (UV) protection. Melanin production is costly, and animals may invest less in areas of the integument where pigments are less needed. In addition, melanocytes exposed to UV radiation produce more melanin than unexposed melanocytes. Pigment economization may thus explain the colour pattern of some counter-shaded animals, including extinct species. Even in well-studied extant species, their diversity of hues and patterns is far from being understood; inferring colours and their functions in species only known from one or few specimens from the fossil record should be exerted with special prudence. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
User:MaxDuo
I am actually an ace attorney that solves murder crimes.
OBJECTION!!!!
box box box box box
box box box box box
box box box box box
box box box box box
box box box box box | WIKI |
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