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Talk:Local government areas of Nigeria
Renaming proposal
In order to readily distinguish local government areas from settled places, I propose renaming all of the local government areas as "Foo Local Government Area" as Aba North and Eleme, Rivers were formerly named. This would relieve us of any further need to disambiguate Nigeria's local government areas. It has the further advantage that it alerts the reader that they are now reading about a city or town, but a (usually) larger area. In those cases where a LGA is fully urbanized, it would automatically distinguish the town from the LGA. In the cases where LGAs have the same name as a people or tribe, or a language, this would automatically make that distinction. --Bejnar (talk) 19:34, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
* Weak disagree. It is hard to object on principle given that we would leave the redirect from "Foo" to "Foo Local Government Area". But in a lot of cases the LGA is just a small town and the surrounding villages. There may never be that much to say about either the town or the LGA. I would not want to see someone conscientiously turning the "Foo" redirects into stubs for the towns virtually identical to the stubs for the LGAs. That would be annoying to the reader. No problem if there are real articles with different content on the LGA and the town. Maybe the renaming should be done as the stubs are expanded into enough content to justify two articles? See Ixtepec, Oaxaca for an example of handling the same problem in a different country. Aymatth2 (talk) 20:28, 19 September 2010 (UTC)
Edo State
The Map of Nigeria outlining its states and LGAs shows 12 LGAs for Edo State. However, the writer lists 18 LGAs. Is this the most up-to-date map of the current LGAs of Edo State? nik (talk) 00:59, 18 August 2011 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 00:31, 18 August 2011 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just added archive links to 1 one external link on Local government areas of Nigeria. Please take a moment to review my edit. If necessary, add after the link to keep me from modifying it. Alternatively, you can add to keep me off the page altogether. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/20070604191833/http://www.nigeriacongress.org:80/FGN/administrative/listlgas.asp to http://www.nigeriacongress.org/FGN/administrative/listlgas.asp
Cheers.—cyberbot II Talk to my owner :Online 16:23, 15 February 2016 (UTC)
External links modified
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* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111006012428/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi to http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=ikotabasi
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 02:23, 25 May 2017 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 29 external links on Local government areas of Nigeria. Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://www.the-nigeria.com/2014/05/local-government-areas-in-cross-river.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20111006011648/http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak to http://www.aksgonline.com/lga.aspx?qrID=abak
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Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 01:42, 7 October 2017 (UTC)
Number of LGAs
The article says the country has 775 local government areas. The external document cited says it's 774. As a Nigerian, I've always known them to be 774. When did this change? Is this a typo or what? I'm editing it, but open to counter-arguments. — BroVic (talk) 14:14, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
Some IP user is trying to vandalize this page
I reverted Special: Contributions/<IP_ADDRESS>'s edits to this page Victor obini (talk) 14:52, 5 June 2022 (UTC)
LCDA
What are LCDAs? I see them mentioned on a bunch of Lago LGA articles, but it's never explained what they are, whether they are formal administrative divisions or simply statistical divisions. Criticalthinker (talk) 09:33, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
* @Criticalthinker these are formal administrative divisions created at the State level e.g. in Lagos and Nasarawa, but are not recognized by the Grundnorm i.e. the Nigerian Constitution, 1999 (as amended). BroVic (talk) 16:59, 3 March 2023 (UTC)
* @BroVicAre there any links to the law on this; anything that can be used as a source? Are they subdivisions of LGAs, or are they independent of and can cross LGA boundaries? This seems like something worth of either its own article, or a pretty substantial section in the LGA article. I notice on some Lagos LGA pages - such as the Lagos Island or Eti-Osa LGA articles - it speaking to how part of an LGA was "split off" as a LCDA or how the LGA only covers "part of the island," but that doesn't sound like the right or accurate way to describe it, right? --Criticalthinker (talk) 06:40, 17 March 2023 (UTC)
Love
love is an affection that one has for one another <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 19:43, 10 October 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Airpink
Airpink is a private business jet charter airline based in Belgrade, Serbia. It was founded in October 2004 as part of Pink Media Group, owned by Željko Mitrović. Its main base is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport.
Destinations
Airpink provides executive/VIP air charter and corporate jet services to destinations in Europe, Middle East and North Africa. | WIKI |
John Blair Whyte
John Blair Whyte (1840 – 21 July 1914) was a Member of Parliament and Mayor in the Waikato region of New Zealand.
Political career
Whyte began his political career in 1877, when he became a member of the first Waikato County Council. Subsequently, he was the mayor of Hamilton from December 1878 to December 1879, when he resigned.
In September 1879, Whyte was elected to the New Zealand Parliament, where he represented Waikato. When he was elected, he claimed to be politically independent and supportive of the liberal policies of George Grey and his Ministry, which was defeated in the same election. Whyte retired from parliament in October 1890. Subsequently, he was appointed to the Legislative Council on 22 January 1891 by the outgoing ministry of Harry Atkinson, one of seven such appointments (which included Atkinson himself). These appointments were seen by Liberals as a stacking of the upper house against the new government. He served in that role until 1897, when he resigned on account of his decision to move to England.
After his resignation from the Legislative Council, Whyte advised the Bank of New Zealand on land values, and moved to England on matters relating to banking. Later, he moved to Auckland, where he reported on gold-mining in the region on behalf of an English gold syndicate, before returning to England, where he died on 21 July 1914.
Personal life
Beginning in 1868, Whyte was a farmer, and owned land at Tuhuroa and Tuhikaramea, as well as a farm near Hamilton, which later became the Waikato Diocesan School. During the 1870s, Whyte began to sub-divide and sell his land, selling the last of his Tuhikaramea land by August 1882.
In 1874, Whyte married Annie MacGregor Hay. The couple had at least three children, one of whom was Kenneth Whyte, who was born in 1882 and died in March 1884 in Hamilton. | WIKI |
Katharine Brisbane
Katharine Elizabeth Brisbane AM (born 7 January 1932) is an Australian journalist and publisher, well known for her writings as a theatre critic.
Early life and education
Katharine Brisbane was born in Singapore in 1932, to David Williams, a civil engineer, and Myra Glady Brisbane. She spent her early years growing up in Western Australia, living in Peppermint Grove.
Brisbane graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Western Australia. During her time at UWA she participated in student theatre, firstly designing costumes and then moving onto directing productions.
Career
After graduating she became a cadet at The West Australian, and spent 18 months in London. She took up the position of theatre critic for The West Australian from 1959 to 1961, and again from 1962 to 1965. This work provided her the platform she needed to become the national theatre critic for The Australian from 1967 to 1974. In this role, she was a part of the changing Australian drama of the new wave at the time and saw many new emerging Australian plays and playwrights. She documents these productions in her 2005 book Not Wrong: Just Different. She also wrote as the national theatre writer for The National Times from 1981 to 1982.
Brisbane founded Currency Press with her husband Philip Parsons in 1971 and it became the largest independent publishing company in Australia. The first play that Currency published was Macquarie, a 1972 play by Alex Buzo. In 1995, with Brisbane's continual backing, Currency published The Concise Companion to Australian Theatre (ed. Philip Parsons).
Brisbane's writings include contributions to The Literature of Australia, World Drama, Contemporary Australian Drama: Perspectives Since 1955, as well as New Currents in Australian Writing, which she co-edited. She has also written introductions for many plays published by Currency Press.
High Court case
In 1967, Brisbane wrote a scathing review of the Sydney production of Othello in which Peter O'Shaughnessy both directed and played the part of Othello. Brisbane wrote, in part, "Stupidity and lack of talent are forgivable; brave failures are deserving of praise – these are every day human failings. But the waste and dishonesty of this production ... made me very angry indeed". O'Shaughnessy sued Brisbane for libel – the first libel case against a critic in Australia. The case was argued before the High Court of Australia, where O'Shaughnessy won with a unanimous judgment. In a joint statement, Garfield Barwick, McTiernan, Menzies and Owen wrote: "This is one of those cases where the critic, in making her evaluation that the production was a disaster... did not plainly confine herself to commenting upon facts truly stated; she wrote what could, we think, have been regarded as amounting to a defamatory statement of fact...". In a separate judgment, Windeyer went further, "the matter published by the respondent in its newspaper was a vigorous, and in parts abusive criticism of a public performance of 'Othello'." The newspaper ultimately settled with O'Shaughnessy. However, it had a lasting impact on O'Shaughnessy's career, for he left for London shortly afterwards, effectively ending his career on the Australian stage. As for Brisbane, she saw it as the making of her career: "So they settled... which was a bit sad. But after that my columns were read".
Honours and awards
In 1993, Brisbane was made a Member of the Order of Australia, "In recognition of service to Australian drama, particularly as co-founder of Currency Press".
Helpmann Awards
The Helpmann Awards is an awards show, celebrating live entertainment and performing arts in Australia, presented by industry group Live Performance Australia (LPA) since 2001. In 2012, Brisbane received the JC Williamson Award, the LPA's highest honour, for their life's work in live performance.
* 2012 || Herself || JC Williamson Award || awarded
* 2012 || Herself || JC Williamson Award || awarded | WIKI |
Infinite Stack Unwinding ARM
Yao Qi qiyaoltc@gmail.com
Mon Apr 10 12:01:00 GMT 2017
Johannes Stoelp <Johannes.Stoelp@synopsys.com> writes:
> I understand that gdb does not have to understand every hand written
> assembler routine, but I would like to emphasize that gdb in this
> particular case ends in an "infinite" loop printing the backtrace line
> by line (I put infinite in quotes because the loop is limited by the
> lower boundary of an integer).
> I would expect gdb to be more defensive in this case and either try
> other unwinding techniques like backward unwinding (from bottom up) or
> just stop unwinding because of to less information.
Don't understand what do you mean by "backward unwinding". IIUC,
el1_irq are vector entry points, so I expect GDB unwinding stops on
el1_irq, but I want to check with kernel people to see their
expectation. Can you post me the backtrace, as a sample output?
We may end up with having some Linux kernel specific stuff, and this
should fall in "Linux kernel debugging for aarch64". Note that we had
patches for general Linux kernel debugging
https://sourceware.org/ml/gdb-patches/2017-03/msg00268.html (well, I
need to review them soon)
> In my understanding situations like this can also occur when the stack
> gets corrupted. There I would also expect gdb to not end in an
> infinite loop since gdb is intended to analyze the non-expected
> situation.
>
> One other question that came up by comparing the arm and the aarch64 analyzer:
> * Is there a special reason/trick why the arm analyzer
> (gdb/arm-tdep.c:arm_analyze_prologue(...)) skips instructions that it
> doesn't recognize while the aarch64 analyzer
> (gdb/aarch64-tdep.c:aarch64_prologue_analyzer(...)) stops when the
> first unrecognized instruction is hit?
I don't see any reason here, just because they are two different
architectures.
--
Yao (齐尧)
More information about the Gdb mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Twisted Scriptures
Twisted Scriptures: Breaking Free from Churches That Abuse (first edition Twisted Scriptures: A Path to Freedom from Abusive Churches) is a non-fiction book by Mary Alice Chrnalogar, published by Zondervan. Chrnalogar instructs readers on how to determine if a religious group is manipulative or abusive, and describes techniques of mind control. The book was first published in 1997 by publishers Whitaker House and Control Techniques, and republished in 2000 by Zondervan. A Spanish language edition was published in 2006 by Vida.
Author
Chrnalogar is a former member of a cult. The Post-Tribune called her a "leading cult deprogrammer", What Magazine referred to her as "an exit counselor and an internationally recognized deprogrammer", and she was described on CTV Television Network as "an expert in Christian cults". The Yearbook of Experts described Chrnalogar as "an internationally renowned cult deprogrammer". She began her work as a cult deprogrammer in 1980. She operates a business, Freedom From Manipulation, and works with individuals in the United States to assist them to leave cults or manipulative religious groups. In 2006 she resided in Tennessee.
Chrnalogar was a member of Church Universal and Triumphant, a group she describes as "an abusive New Age church". She first encountered the organization's leader, Elizabeth Clare Prophet or "Guru Ma", in 1979. She experienced a personality change, and was deprogrammed by Ted Patrick. Chrnalogar said that "I was so fascinated that someone could change my mind in 24 hours that I asked him if I could go on some jobs with him," and after that she became a deprogrammer.
Contents
Twisted Scriptures has an intended audience of people stuck in manipulative religious organizations. Chrnalogar writes that some churches manipulate text of the Bible to coerce followers. She describes how individuals can be subjected to mind control in order to become obedient to a religious movement. Readers are instructed to be able to determine how to notice if a church is manipulating the Scriptures or using abusive tactics. "Discipleship control is worse than having a domineering mother who tells you whom to marry!. You usually will be viewed as 'going against God' if you act in opposition to the advice of your discipler, but seen only as a headstrong child if you go against the wishes of your mother," writes Chrnalogar in the book. Chrnalogar points out that mind control can be practiced without severe tactics, writing: "All that's needed is an environment where the information can be controlled, and more importantly, the way people perceive that information." She cites mind control characteristics identified by Robert Jay Lifton, and asserts that only six of his "psychological themes" are required in order to manipulate followers in a cult.
Michelle K. Witowski of the Post-Tribune characterized Twisted Scriptures as "a book designed to free cult victims". Leslie Malkin reviewed the book for What Magazine, and commented: "Through the questioning of authority, putting biblical scriptures back into context and restoration of critical thinking, Chrnalogar also shows readers how to find the path to freedom." | WIKI |
The timeline of George Washington’s life shows a young boy who started as the middle child in a wealthy plantation family who used his eagerness to learn, his talent for leadership and his belief in the morality of man to become a highly-regarded Founding Father of the United States.
George Washington Timeline
George Washington's Life
On February 22 George Washington was born at Pope's Creek Plantation in Westmoreland County, Virginia. His father was a tobacco planter who also was a justice on the county court. His father had three children from his first wife who had passed away and George was the first child of six with his father's second wife.
Washington's father passed away when George was eleven. Washington's half brother Lawrence became George's caretaker.
Washington left school in Fredericksburg.
He went on to receive a surveyor's license from the College of William and Mary.
Washington was appointed surveyor of Culpeper County at the age of 17.
He became a member of a surveying expedition in West Virginia.
Washington was appointed county surveyor of Culpeper County.
Lawrence contracted tuberculosis and went to Barbados to try to improve his health, taking George with him.
Lawrence died at Mount Vernon, leaving Mount Vernon to his sister, and then to George in the event of her death. She died several months later and George inherited Mount Vernon.
Washington used his surveyor experience to gain an appointment as a major in the Virginia militia.
Washington served as aide-de-camp to General Braddock during the French and Indian War.
Washington resigned his commission and returns to Mount Vernon.
Washington married Martha Dandridge Custis, the wealthy widow of a major Virginia landowner.
Washington was selected to be the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution.
Washington successfully forced the British out of Boston, but he lost New York to the British.
He crossed the Delaware River and defeated the British and retook New Jersey.
Washington resigned his position as Commander-in-chief after the victory in Yorktown.
Washington promoted the formation of the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.
On April 30 he took the oath of office as President of the United States.
Washington signed the Residence Act of 1790 and selected the District of Columbia as the permanent location of the government.
On March 4, Washington released a letter which was his farewell address.
Washington died of a throat infection.
Congress passed a resolution to construct a mausoleum in D. C for the remains of Washington; however, due to southern opposition, the decision was made to keep Washington's remains at Mount Vernon.
Washington's remains were moved to a tomb constructed at Mount Vernon.
Congress declared a federal holiday in the District of Columbia to celebrate Washington's birthday.
Starting on February 22, Washington's birthday was celebrated annually by the entire nation.
The Uniform Holidays Bill changed the day Washington's Birthday is celebrated to the third Monday in February.
You can find more facts about George Washington's life on YourDictionary. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Itsuki Someno
Itsuki Someno (染野 唯月) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a forward or a winger for club Tokyo Verdy, on loan from Kashima Antlers.
Early life
Someno was born in Ibaraki, Japan.
Career
Someno made his debut for Kashima Antlers on the 4th of July 2020, coming on in the 72nd minute against Kawasaki Frontale for Ryuji Izumi.
Someno joined Tokyo Verdy on loan in the middle of the 2022 season, and again in the 2023 season. In December 2023, the initial half-season loan was extended to cover the 2024 season.
Club
. | WIKI |
Eror whmcs
Discussion in 'Web Hosting' started by hositngku1234, 16 Mar 2016.
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1. hositngku1234
hositngku1234 Apprentice 1.0
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Halo disini ada yang pernah whmcsnya mengalami connection error?
Keluar notif
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Before you can access your WHMCS Admin Area again, the license needs to be validated successfully. Please check & ensure that you don't have a firewall or DNS rule blocking outgoing connections to our website.
Mohon bantuannya
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Coba di reissue IP terbarunya ke pihak WHMCS atau ke tempat anda menyewa license whmcs tersebut...
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ini sepertinya masalah koneksi ke server validasi whmcs nya, coba cek firewall sapa tau terblokir
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firewall itu, gak open, portnya kurang tau pakai port berapa
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curlnya tuh ga aktif, atau dihalang firewall
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Keywords : mammary glands
The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Peganum harmala Seeds on the Mammary Glands of Virgin, Pregnant, and Lactating Rats
Wasan Al- Saidi
Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal, 2006, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 191-198
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND:
Penganum harmala is a well known herb that is used by different societies. It is used as a medical
herb in treating various diseases and disorders .There was no earlier published work on the effects of
the aqueous extract of Peganum harmala . Therefore, we designed this study to investigate the effect
of the aqueous extract of Peganum harmala seeds on the mammary gland at the various physiological
states (virgin, pregnancy and lactation) making use of the available histological, histochemical, and
immunohistochemical means.
METHODS:
Aqueous extract of Peganum harmala was given for two weeks by an orogastric tube on single regular
daily dosage to Norway albino female rats. Animals were subdivided into subgroups according to
their physiological states. Mammary glands of these animals were routinely processed for histological,
immunohistochemical and histochemical studies using formalin fixative ,paraffin embedded sections
in the first two studies and formal calcium, frozen sections in the third study. Experimental specimens
were compared with that of control subgroups.
RESULTS :
Harmal induced mammogenesis in the mammary glands of virgin rats. It's aqueous extract was able to
initiate lactogenesis in a well-prepared mammary gland (i. e. during pregnancy) and finally this
aqueous extract promotes lactogenesis when administrated during lactation.
CONCLUSION :
Peganum harmala is a mmammogenic herb .
KEYWORDS: Peganum harmala, mammary | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Inspiration for Hubsy
After hearing about the hackathon and being avid AWS fans we immediately knew we had to compete. The idea for Hubsy itself stems from the desire to incorporate a conversational AI into a real life everyday workflow. Hundreds of thousands of users pop on to HubSpot each day to click thru tasks and insights. These same people often have several different means of conversation open on their browsers as well albeit Slack, Facebook, etc (whether or not they should be). We thought it would be a cool idea to personify a SaaS product (HubSpot), throw them into these channels of communication, and talk to them just like a member of the team. Amazon Lex's natural language understanding gave us a chance to do just that; integrate, utilize, and access software as if it was our own personal assistant.
What is Hubsy?
Hubsy seeks to redefine the away users traditionally manage their HubSpot account. He utilizes Lex's conversational interface to execute complex commands within the HubSpot API allowing users to unleash powerful insights, store and retrieve data, and even manage tasks directly from Facebook, Slack, or even Alexa.
Maybe you are curious as to what your team is up to?
- Any new deals?
- How many calls were made today?
- How many tasks are assigned to Andrew?
Need to store some info on the fly? Let Hubsy talk you through it.
- Create a contact
- Take a note
- Assign a task
- Log a call
Let Hubsy explore your pipeline!
- How much money is in the negotiate stage?
- What are the number of deals?
Just need some quick info?
- Get contact info for Brian Halligan
The Nuts and Bolts
Deployments
Terraform was used to manage our infrastructure. Terraform automatically setup and updated Lambda, CloudWatch logs, as well as IAM profiles. Within our makefile, code was zipped and immediately pushed to the cloud. Outside of our initial setup Hubsy was built without having to even reopen the Lambda UI.
Core
All of our AWS Lambda functions are written using node.js. CloudWatch serves as Hubsy's memory logging of commands and API responses, crucial for development. Coding standards were enforced using ESLint to keep consistency across differing team member's.
Anything Clog Up Hubsy's Gears?
To bring our Hubsy concept full circle we would need to not only GET data from the HubSpot API, but also POST. While working within the API itself had it's own challenges, our biggest one actually came from Lex. After lots of research, it seemed Lex had recently done away with their concept of a slot.LITERAL rendering us in a tough spot when it came to capturing truly unique user generated content. Often times we were able to eventually teach Lex a slot type with a handful of examples, but others we were forced to come up with a work around. Utilizing sessionAttributes, and the exact inputTranscript provided, we could prepare to accept any dialogue for users who were attempting to create custom notes, tasks, etc.
Notable Robotic Achievements
1) Fully dynamic commands capable of creating, retrieving, and updating data within HubSpot.
2) Our software development lifecycle.
3) Creating a dynamic bot which is deployed via both Lex and Alexa.
What Did Hubsy Teach Us?
Something about building bots really brings the human out in you. While AI is awesome and undeniably the future... Sometimes its really great to chat with a human. Additionally, the ins and outs of Lex and its differences from Alexa, HubSpot's API, Lambda API access.
Check out Hubsy's Offical Site
hubsybot.com
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Updates | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Néstor García Canclini
Abusing templates
It seems that we need to pay attention to those who can add content, and those who are doing the work that should be done by admins or sysops. The difference is that sysops know, for the most part, how to work with and under consensus. This page is an example of creating pages and pages of nothingness, referring to another page out of the encyclopedia that does exactly the same as Wikipedia is trying to do with respect to biographies only that much better, at this point, it is not funny anymore, it is ironic and sad. Is this a contribution or a disservice to Wikipedia's ideals? Well I guess is debatable as with every single issue.
The issue remains the same, inputting information without conducting a proper research just because you can do it, What is the rush? while doing this you are chasing, and harassing others with some suppose self-acclaimed "super-linguistic skills", only because they are working in the same areas or topics that you pretend to own or control. That is not working together with other wikipedists at all. It is ridiculous, that some people have so much time on their hands, or that enormous amount of disrespect over their shoulders towards other contributors.
I think that this user can contribute a little more by learning to add more content to the pages he/she is creating, because by now, thanks to this user, there are a lot o pages with labels, templates and all sort of things but no real content which is the main focus of this project. I am concern by the quality and verifiable sources supporting all the pages that have been touched by these type of users. Giving the proper distance and time the result of the observation on this behavior has been proven to be a pattern based upon a set of deeply rooted beliefs of the cognitive level of this type of users. Something that many people have and are facing "graciously" as I am writing this report on situ. -"-Todos Llegan de Noche, todos se van de día" 19:06, 13 June 2007 (UTC) | WIKI |
Natural gas is far from a recent product that humans used for warmth, cooking, and light. It’s an energy source that has been around for centuries.
The first natural gas pipes were created from bamboo by the Chinese in 500 BC. They used natural gas to boil saltwater in order to make salt brine.
Natural gas was first used in homes in the 1st century AD in Persia. Gas was seeping through the earth’s crust and was struck by lightning. The lightning produced a flame that never extinguished. The King of Persia ended up building his royal kitchen next to it to utilize the flame.
In the 8th century, the Greeks built a temple of Apollo over a flaming natural gas vent. The temple was called “Oracle of Delphi.”
The first gas utility was founded in 1816 by renowned painter Rembrant Peale. He originally used natural gas that was funneled through a pipe to light his museum and gallery. Later on Natural Gas was then used to light the streetlamps of Baltimore, Maryland.
In 1821, William Hart became the father of natural gas by digging the first successful natural gas well. It was only 27 feet deep.
Although the way in which natural gas is acquired has changed, our overall use of it has remained the same for many generations and will likely continue that way for many years to come. | FINEWEB-EDU |
loading
Every once in a while you get the problem of your cell phone running out of batteries just when you haven't got a charger at hand.
This afternoon it happened to me,.... Damn empty battery and no charger for miles... At least that I know of.
So what do you do ? Build your own, in,.... 1 minute.
Step 1: Find the pinout of your phone
This instructable will only work with some phones, because you can't imitate the most plugs that are used to charger mobile phones, but with my Sony Ericsson it works fine because of the way the phone is charged.
To find the pinout of your phone, you could use Google, or use ( the one I used, with help of google Pinouts ). Hit Ctrl + F and go look for you phone pinout. If you can't find it, you'll have a problem and won't be able to continue, but you usually will.
My phone has a 'standard ?' Sony Ericsson plug so it was easy to find. I used the image below, disgarding the Datacable part,... which it think can be pretty usefull :).
or put the battery in a fridge for a few minutes... that will buy you some talktime too
I think you need to warm it, not cool it. Who can build this thing in a minute!??
Warming batteries decreaces their "life-time" but cooling their "standby-time"
whats mcgyver?
a guy on an old 90's tv show. he can make/do anything with common hose hold matearials. like once, he fixed a crack in a tank of sulfuric acid with choclate.
Mcgyver was a guy on a tv show that could make anything out of what he had. Like he could make an airplane out of anything he could get his hands on.
If you're in a bind and only need a minute or two, try rubbing the battery with your hands until it's relatively warm. A woman I told this to actually used that hint in an emergency and was able to call her daughter. Not an instructable, but a helpful hint.
Project in the background is a 8x8 led display with a PIC 16F628. There was no risk of blowing up the phone ( i hope ). Because de original charger isn't current limited, so that has to be inside the phone. And since the 770mAh battery is normally charged in ±1 hour, It uses about 1A. So without an coolblock usually an 7805 won't be able to give the current and burn out.
Cool, you are lucky that the voltage regulator is smoked, and not your phone. (Bolletje Pepernoten! van AH! Stomme Nederlander :P)
That project in the background looks like a bunch of flash circuit capacitors wired up, I am working on a similar project myself
Cool, now if I could just wire it up to use a longer lasting battery...
About This Instructable
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License:
More by MrGAmba:Macgyver Phone Charging
Add instructable to: | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nuclear Structure for Tests of Fundamental Symmetries and Astroparticle Physics
PI Name:
Calvin Johnson
PI Email:
cjohnson@mail.sdsu.edu
Institution:
San Diego State University
Allocation Program:
ALCC
Allocation Hours at ALCF:
6 Million
Year:
2016
Research Domain:
Physics
What is the universe made of, and how did it get that way? Why is the universe made of matter and not anti-matter? What is the nature of the non-baryonic dark matter that permeates the galaxies? To answer these questions, scientists have turned to nuclei as microscopic experimental laboratories searching for: neutrinoless double-beta decay, where matter is produced from nothing; permanent electric dipole moments, which can only occur if the laws of physics for matter are different from those for anti-matter; and the terrestrial detection of non-baryonic dark matter. This project supports detailed and reliable calculations of the quantum wave functions of atomic nuclei. This will require some of the largest such calculations ever attempted, involving matrices of dimension in excess of 20 billion. Although the project will use an efficient code we have been developing which uses significantly less memory (roughly 1/10th) than other algorithms, we will still need significant computational resources. The results, however, will help provide robust interpretation of these crucial experiments illuminating the fundamental building blocks of our universe. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
World in Conflict
World in Conflict is a 2007 real-time tactics video game developed by the Swedish video game company Massive Entertainment and published by Vivendi Games for Microsoft Windows. The game was released in September 2007, receiving generally favorable reviews and several awards. The game is considered by some to be the spiritual successor of Ground Control, another game by Massive Entertainment, and is generally conceived by its designers to be a real-time tactics game, despite being marketed as a RTS game.
The game's setting and story takes place in an alternate 1989, in which an impending economic collapse and the failure to achieve aid diplomatically from the West, leads the Soviet Union to invade Western Europe, triggering World War III. The single-player story sees players assume the role of a United States Army officer who takes command of battalions of US and NATO forces; the main bulk of their operations focus on combating a surprise invasion of the United States from Seattle, Washington, as well as operations in Southern France, Russia, and New York.
A March 2009 expansion pack, World in Conflict: Soviet Assault, added additional content, including additional campaign missions in which players assume the role of a Soviet military officer who commands Soviet forces in Europe, Russia and the US state of Washington.
The game offers multiplayer functionality, supporting up to 16 players online or over LAN. In December 2015, Ubisoft shut down the official Massgate servers that supported multiplayer functions, though the player community restored these functions in 2016, through an unaffiliated version of Massgate. Ubisoft revived multiplayer through published open-source Massgate in 2017.
Gameplay
World in Conflict focuses on real-time tactics (RTT) gameplay, in a similar manner to Ground Control, a game also developed by Massive Entertainment, in which players deploy units onto a battlefield and must carefully make use of them to achieve victory, making use of support assets to further assist them. World in Conflict contains three factions: the United States, Soviet Union, and NATO. While players may only play as US and NATO forces during the single-player campaign, all three factions can be used in multiplayer games.
During a game, players are given a pre-determined number of reinforcement points, with which to purchase units with varying costs. Once the player deploys the units they purchase, they must wait 20 seconds for them to be airdropped to the field. If a unit is destroyed, the points are refunded to the player in order to allow them to bring in more units. During the single-player campaign, most missions vary what units the player can recruit, while some missions will offer the opportunity to recruit free units, though these cannot be replaced if destroyed. Each unit has strengths and weaknesses, such as mobile anti-air guns being most effective against enemy helicopters, and repair tanks being most effective at keeping vehicles and armor repaired. Each unit possesses a defensive ability, such as deploying smokescreens, while some units possess an offensive ability, such as marking targets for bombardment or using grenade launchers on enemy infantry. Once a unit's special ability(ies) has been spent, players must wait for them to recharge before they can be used again.
In addition to controlling units, players may also call in tactical aid by spending tactical aid points. Points are primarily earned from destroying enemy units in battle. Tactical Aids allow the player to call in anything, from airstrikes on enemy positions, the deployment of paratroopers, to launching carpet bombing raids and tactical nuclear strikes. Tactical aids can allow up to three deployments, after which the player must wait until the support has recharged. In the single-player campaign, players are restricted by what tactical aid they can use, which can change during a mission.
The game interface for World in Conflict has no framing in the game. A list of units occupies the bottom center, whereas the top right-hand corner contains the expandable reinforcement procurement list. The mini-map is in the bottom left-hand corner, while the bottom right-hand corner contains the special abilities buttons (including unit formation). Players can also use a messaging system that is designed to allow conversation between individuals regardless of whether they are on the same server or playing the same game. World in Conflict features a fully rotational 360-degree camera.
Single-player
The single-player campaign places players in the role of Lieutenant Parker (voiced by Alec Baldwin), a United States Army officer, who takes command of a company of troops from both the US and NATO and who narrates the events of the game's campaign prior to each mission; he neither speaks during missions and cutscenes nor is his face shown. During missions, players take on enemies scripted for them to deal with while the AI handles the remainder of action on the battlefield, though a large portion of the action is still focused on the player, which is in contrast to the approach used in RTS titles, in which players are in charge of whole armies and thus responsible for most of the action on the battlefield. Unlike other game modes, players are restricted in missions by what units they can deploy and what tactical aid they can call in, sometimes having to rely on the units they begin with and acquire during a mission.
The narrative of the single-player story owes much of its inspiration from both the Call of Duty and Medal of Honor series (see the 'Influences' section below)
Multiplayer
Multiplayer games support up to sixteen players and can be played on a LAN or over the Internet. Three types of maps are featured: domination maps, where players must control command points to win the game, assault maps, where one team defends a series of command points which the other teams' assaults, and tug of war maps, where teams must fight to capture a series of command points on the front line, whereupon the line shifts towards a new set of points closer to the losing team. One side plays as either the United States or NATO, while the other is the Soviet Union.
In multiplayer gameplay the player may choose one of four roles in battle: infantry, air, support, or armor. The infantry role gives access to various infantry squads such as anti-tank teams, snipers, and light transport vehicles whereas armor allows players to use various classes of tanks, the dominant direct fire land combat unit of the game. Players choosing the air role have access to attack, scout, and transport helicopters. Finally, the support role contains anti-air, artillery, and repair units. Each role's basic units can be purchased by everyone but are more expensive for players with a different role. In addition, each role has its own exclusive units that aren't available for purchase by other roles.
The game ends when one side is completely dominant over the other, or when 20 minutes are up, in which case, whichever side is winning at the time is declared the winner. A bar is displayed at the top of the screen showing the status of both armies. After the game is over, the score sheet will be displayed, and the players' rank updated.
The online component of the game uses the in-game massgate system, which is derived from Ground Control. The system helps players keep track of friends, allowing them to see whether they are online or playing a game. Clans can be created and kept track of in-game, with features such as ranks and clan matches. Massgate includes leaderboards and a ranking system based on US Army military ranks. Players can increase their rank and leaderboard position in a way similar to Battlefield 2, by accumulating earnings and scoring points, medals, and badges. Achieving higher ranks becomes progressively more difficult. The leaderboard also keeps track of clan rankings.
Plot
In 1988, the economically crippled Soviet Union pursues military action against NATO. The United States deploys the bulk of its troops to reinforce Europe, but in doing so, is caught off guard when the Soviet Union invades the Northwestern United States, starting with Seattle in November 1989. Lieutenant Parker, the player's character, joins Captains Mark Bannon and James Webb in the retreat from the city under Colonel Jeremiah Sawyer, who held previous commands over all three. Under Sawyer's command, the Soviet advance is temporarily stalled, and the U.S. manages to win a tactical victory in the town of Pine Valley with intervention from the USS Missouri.
By Christmas, Soviet troops launch a new offensive to capture Fort Teller, the headquarters for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Knowing that should the Soviets realize that the project is a ruse (thereby exposing America to a nuclear strike), Sawyer and his command are ordered to intercept, delay and ultimately halt the Soviet advance on the facility. At the garrison town of Cascade Falls, Sawyer leads an initially successful defense against the Soviets. However, he is soon informed the Soviets have deployed fresh reinforcements to the town, which are too many for his already under-strength forces to hold against. Sawyer is granted clearance to detonate a tactical nuclear missile above the Soviet formations, retreating just before impact. Bannon, however, volunteers to stay behind, knowing the Soviets will become suspicious. The nuclear blast annihilates the assaulting Soviet forces, as well as Bannon and his company.
In the days following the outbreak of the war in Europe, Sawyer, as well as Bannon and Parker, are deployed to France to assist French forces in a counterattack against Soviet troops near Marseille. Bannon's arrogant lust for glory aggravates Sawyer, which inadvertently causes the death of Commandant Sabatier, Sawyer's French liaison, during a major operation. Sawyer is then deployed alongside Norwegian special forces on a raiding operation inside the Soviet Union. Bannon, however, sullies the mission by accidentally killing surrendering civil-defense volunteers and is unable to prevent the escape of a Soviet Typhoon-class submarine at berth near Murmansk. Fed up with Bannon's incompetence, Sawyer arranges for his transfer out of his battalion and replaces him with Webb, who has been serving as an instructor due to a sustained combat injury. Prior to rotating back home, Sawyer and his battalion are rerouted to New York City to assist U.S. Army Rangers in recapturing Ellis, Governors and Liberty Islands from Spetsnaz commandos.
Returning to the immediate aftermath of the nuclear detonation, Parker contacts Webb and several friendly and hostile stragglers before reuniting with Sawyer. They also learn that China has entered the war, siding with the Soviets, and has sent a fleet to reinforce the Soviet beachhead in Seattle. The U.S. President orders Sawyer's forces to retake Seattle before the Chinese can land, but also plans to destroy the Chinese fleet and the city of Seattle with a nuclear missile should Sawyer fail. After successfully penetrating through the Soviet perimeter, U.S. forces successfully re-capture the city. The Chinese, lacking the amphibious means necessary for a landing, turn back.
Development
In December 2015, the official Massgate servers were shut down by Massive Entertainment for several reasons, despite a community outcry.
In early 2016, online multiplayer functionality and a new community-run Massgate were restored by a group of players unaffiliated with Ubisoft or Massive Entertainment.
Influences
The game's designers have cited the 1984 film Red Dawn as one of their key influences. The film's main premise is the invasion of America by Soviet and Central American troops. Echoes of the film can be seen in the initial paratroop landings (though in the film they happen in Colorado) and in the use of civilian transports to disguise a Soviet invasion force; again, this differs slightly from the film. Also, in the Soviet Assault expansion, the name of the Soviet invasion of Germany (and presumably the United States) is referred to as Operation Red Dawn.
Another influence for the game, according to issue 7 of the WiC Journal, are the first-person shooter game series Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, and how the games give the player a relatively small role in a big conflict and will command small numbers of units at a time rather than whole hordes. The developers, still according to the journal, have also looked to the games Battlefield 2 and Counter-Strike: Source for inspiration.
Marketing
The collector's edition of World in Conflict comes in a limited edition collector's box art cloth packaging (with a Soviet flag on one side and Russian wording of "World in Conflict", and the US flag on the other with English "World in Conflict") and includes an authentic piece of the Berlin Wall, Modern Marvels: The Berlin Wall DVD by the History Channel, Behind the Scenes DVD and World in Conflict exclusive Creative HS-390 headset (Europe Only). Those who had preordered the game were given access to the Beta, the ability to preserve their username and clans, and either received the Modern Marvels: Strategic Air Command or the Declassified: The Rise and Fall of The Wall DVD by the History Channel depending upon which area of the world one was situated in.
The collector's edition in Poland is different compared to collector's editions in other countries. It includes an exclusive World in Conflict wooden container, limited edition collector's box art packaging (Soviet or US flag), a full-sized flag of the US or Soviet Union, an exclusive World in Conflict poster, a T-shirt and cap with the World in Conflict logo and decorations, and a World in Conflict exclusive Trust Hs-2200 headset.
The collector's edition available in Taiwan is also different, as there was no preorder scheme put into place there. It includes an exclusive flag of the Soviet Union, a Modern Marvels: Strategic Air Command DVD by the History Channel, Special translated behind the scenes DVD, Metallic packaging featuring the Soviet flag on the front, and the US flag on the back.
The game was re-released under World in Conflict Complete Edition including the new expansion Soviet Assault all in one game.
Reception
World in Conflict received "generally favorable reviews" from game critics according to the review aggregator Metacritic. GameSpot called the game "the studio's masterwork", giving it 9.5 out of 10. In PC Gamer (UK), Kieron Gillen singled out World in Conflict's multiplayer, praising the cooperative mechanics and the in-game communication system; while calling the single-player campaign "fun[...] but not exactly deep." Dan Whitehead of Eurogamer called the game "absorbing", highlighting the game's focus on tactical objectives instead of resource management, saying "it plays like a strategy game, but feels like an action game".
Awards
Prior to its initial release in September 2007, World in Conflict received several awards from its E3 presentation in 2007.
* IGN: Best PC Strategy Game, Best Strategy Game (All Platforms), Best Of E3 2007
* GameSpot: Best Strategy Game Of E3, E3'07 Editors Choice Award
* GameTrailers.com: Best Strategy Game Of E3
* Game Critics: E3 2007 Best Strategy Game, The Best Of E3 07 Winner
After release, the game earned editor's choice awards from GameSpot, IGN and the Australian gaming magazine PC PowerPlay, as well as PC Zone's classic award. PC Gamer US also awarded the game its editor's choice award, as well as naming it the 2007 RTS game of the year. During the 11th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, World in Conflict received nominations for "Strategy/Simulation Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Online Gameplay" by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. The game was included in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die.
Sales
It topped weekly sales charts in North America, Germany, and Australia in the week it was released.
Expansion
A new expansion of the game, World in Conflict: Soviet Assault, was released for Windows in March 2009. Plans to release the game under the same name for home consoles, the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3, were dropped. The new edition included a brand new campaign from the Soviet perspective. New maps were included as well as new movies and cut scenes, however there were no new units included.
On July 29, 2008, Activision dropped World in Conflict: Soviet Assault from production along with a number of other games putting the future of the game in question. On August 6, 2008, Activision Blizzard put Massive Entertainment up for sale. Massive Entertainment has since been acquired by Ubisoft. The game was released on March 13, 2009, in several formats. It was packaged under World in Conflict: Complete Edition which is the new retail collection, containing both World in Conflict and the expansion, Soviet Assault. The complete pack was available through retail stores, Steam download and Direct2Drive download. Soviet Assault was also released separately as a download for owners of the original World in Conflict, through Steam and D2D and also in a retail version. | WIKI |
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Nevermind web browsing sucks, Chromium doesn't have or can't play h.264 codec videos on my website, but can play Youtube videos for some reason 🤔.
Firefox can play them but the play back is bad.
I installed the h.264 codec and can play mp4s easily on the desktop but not the browser.
Might be because I'm on a live USB but I doubt it because the browser should be loaded into RAM.
System uses 6.4GBs idle WTF.
@SplitShockVirus I ran into a load of problems trying to encode MP4 videos (with ffmpeg) that work on the web e.g. Twitter.
Basically "the web" requires not just H.264 but particular pixel formats and other settings like audio codec.
This page gave me some clues:
gist.github.com/Vestride/278e1
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DistroToot
A mastodon instance created by Derek Taylor, creator of the DistroTube channels on YouTube and LBRY. Derek is an advocate for free and open source software. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Other Seminar
Coming Together in Hard Times: Matrix mechanics regulate endothelial cell force transmission and multicellular assembly
Brendon BakerAssistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Michigan
WHERE:
Remote/Virtual
SHARE:
Zoom Linkhttps://bostonu.zoom.us/j/93315594357?pwd=eE4wQS9lZjA2aloyMkQ2dG5CS21kZz09
Meeting ID: 933 1559 4357 Passcode: 689715
Abstract:
Understanding how cells probe, interpret, and respond to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is critically important to tissue engineering efforts, however relatively little is known about this process in the context of networks of fibrous proteins that mimic native ECM. This is due in part to the structural and mechanical complexity of natural materials and a limited number of experimental platforms that offer orthogonal control over matrix characteristics to aid in mechanistic studies. To investigate how cells function in settings relevant to the architecture of native tissue ECMs, we study cell behavior in matrices composed of synthetic fibers with tunable mechanics and user-defined architecture. This lecture will describe our recent efforts to understand the role of cell-generated forces in multicellular self-assembly of endothelial cells in the context of vasculogenesis.
Bio:
Dr. Brendon Baker is an assistant professor at University of Michigan in the Department of Biomedical Engineering. He received his PhD under Dr. Robert Mauck at the University of Pennsylvania and completed postdoctoral training at Boston University in Dr. Christopher Chen group. His research focus lies in better understanding the complex interplay between the physical cellular microenvironment and fundamental cell processes such as migration, proliferation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. He is interested in how cells reorganize their microenvironment during disease states, and how the altered microenvironment can in turn feedback to alter cell behavior. His lab develops novel in vitro systems to study the biology that drives these interactions, with the aim of using mechanistic insight derived at the single cell level to develop better disease models, engineered tissues, and regenerative therapies.
Faculty Host
Stephen ForrestProfessorUniversity of Michigan | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
CA Sega Joypolis
CA Sega Joypolis Ltd. (formerly Sega Live Creation Inc.) is a subsidiary of the Chinese company CA Cultural Technology Group Limited, which controls Sega-branded Amusement Parks in Asia, such as Joypolis.
History
The company was originally founded in April 2015, as Sega Sammy Holdings' amusement park division. Ownership of the Joypolis parks transitioned to this new company except for the Okayama branch, which transitioned to the arcade focused Sega Entertainment Co., Ltd.
In July 2015, the company opened a Joypolis in Qingdao, their first venue located outside Japan & Korea.
Sega announced in 2016 that China Animations would acquire a majority stake in Sega Live Creation for 600 million yen, effective January 2017. After the ownership transitioned, China Animations renamed Sega Live Creation to CA Sega Joypolis Ltd, with Sega no-longer fully owning the parks. the 3 Orbi venues remained under the ownership of Sega, and Sega Republic was later closed down after the Sega license expired.
Current
* Tokyo Joypolis
* Joypolis Sports
Former
* Orbi (Ownership transitioned to Sega)
* Orbi Dubai (Ownership transitioned to Sega)
* Qingdao Joypolis (Closed in May 2023)
* Sega Republic (Closed in June 2017) | WIKI |
Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Stack (mobile game)
The result was delete. soft deletion as an uncontested PROD ☺ · Salvidrim! · ✉ 14:34, 25 July 2016 (UTC)
Stack (mobile game)
* – ( View AfD View log Stats )
Struggling to find sources to back up the claims in this article. Assumed good faith a while ago on the "10 million downloads" claim but can't find any sources to prove this. — foxj 11:50, 17 July 2016 (UTC) Relisted to generate a more thorough discussion and clearer consensus.
Please add new comments below this notice. Thanks, Sam Sailor Talk! 12:22, 24 July 2016 (UTC)
* Note: This debate has been included in the list of Video games-related deletion discussions. Shawn in Montreal (talk) 12:34, 24 July 2016 (UTC)
| WIKI |
Page:Sermon-on-the-mount-kjv-rv.djvu/29
and the body than raiment? Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are ye not much better than they?
Which of you by taking thought can add one cubit unto his stature?
And why take ye thought for raiment? Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin:
And yet I say unto you, That even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, which to | WIKI |
Franklin Resources Reports Q2 Earnings Per Share $0.78
April 26 (Reuters) - Franklin Resources Inc:
* FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. ANNOUNCES SECOND QUARTER RESULTS
* Q2 EARNINGS PER SHARE $0.78 * Q2 EARNINGS PER SHARE VIEW $0.75 — THOMSON REUTERS I/B/E/S
* TOTAL ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT WERE $737.5 BILLION AT MARCH 31, 2018, DOWN $16.3 BILLION DURING QUARTER
* QTRLY OPERATING REVENUE $1,617.8 MILLION VERSUS 1,600.6 MILLION REPORTED LAST YEAR
* Q2 REVENUE VIEW $1.59 BILLION — THOMSON REUTERS I/B/E/S Source text for Eikon: | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Wikipedia:Peer review/Wood-pasture hypothesis/archive1
Wood-pasture hypothesis
I've listed this article for peer review because it's a new article, and I would like to receive a general assessment
Thanks, AndersenAnders (talk) 12:39, 12 April 2022 (UTC)
P.S. Please note that English is not my first language and this is my first article of this length so bear with me.
* The article appears to provide a good overview of the Vera hypothesis. I find the article lacking in that it includes very little about competing theories or how widespread acceptance of the alternatives are. Birks and Mitchell are barely referenced. Birks has said that the high-forest hypothesis "has been widely accepted by forest ecologists and conservationists." The article focuses more on dismissing critiques than it does in acknowledging the valid points that are made by critics. Please see WP:NPOV in particular WP:BALANCE and WP:UNDUE. I appreciate the work that has been done to thoroughly document this topic but I believe that our readers need additional context to put the ideas in an appropriate perspective. This is especially relevant given that wikipedia lacks an article for the alternative interpretation of the high-forest hypothesis. --mikeu talk 23:52, 22 May 2022 (UTC)
* Thank you sincerely, @Mikeu, for your time and your honest and valuable thoughts. Actually I already thought that a section dedicated to the high-forest hypothesis and its history might serve the article well. I attempted to do this in this section, but realise that expanding it into its own, more detailed section could improve the article's quality and provide perspective to readers. Admittedly this is a topic that I myself am not entirely familiar with, so I'll research that better.
* I think there are two major issues in relation to the topic as a whole that I find challenging to address properly: Firstly, that it's not always entirely clear which period exactly researchers are referring to, the Holocene or Pleistocene, yet, because of its interconnectedness with the Quaternary extinction, I think it is of paramount importance to distinguish between the two, a distinction even scientific publications do not always seem make. Then, secondly, that the high-forest hypothesis is indeed so widely accepted that the general public doesn't seem to question it, or even see it as questionable, which confines the debate virtually entirely to the academic community. And wikipedia's lack of an article dedicated to the high forest hypothesis only illustrates this lack of public discourse.
* I will therefore provide two more sections, one dedicated to the high-forest hypothesis, its history and the fact that it indeed represents the more widely accepted viewpoint of the two, interlinking to this article to better represent the common viewpoint, and one dedicated to critiscism raised by Birks, Mitchell and others. It may take me some time, but I'll do my best.
* Thanks--AndersenAnders (talk) 14:31, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
* I think the existing text is well written and covers the topic in an understandable way. I had never heard of it before reading the references and searching for more information. I'll check back after you've added to the article and let you know if there is anything else I can think of. BTW, you can ping me with as my username differs from my signature. --mikeu talk 22:25, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
* Thank you. I will leave you a note here once I think I'm done --AndersenAnders (talk) 14:32, 25 May 2022 (UTC)
* Hello ,
* I have implemented your suggestions and the sections I pledged to add, as well as some more general information. If you find the time, I would appreciate your feedback.
* Thanks --AndersenAnders (talk) 13:47, 25 June 2022 (UTC) | WIKI |
Gordon Staniforth
Gordon Staniforth (born 23 March 1957) is an English football coach and former player. He played in the Football League for Hull City, York City (two separate spells), Carlisle United, Plymouth Argyle and Newport County. He also played for England at schoolboy international level. From November 2013 to October 2014 Staniforth was head coach of FA WSL 2 club Doncaster Rovers Belles.
Career
Born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire to Sidney Staniforth and Marian (Hardey), Staniforth attended Greatfield High School. He began his career as an apprentice with Hull City and he signed a professional contract with the club in April 1974. He made his first team debut in a 1–0 defeat to Swindon Town on 15 April. He joined York City on a one-month loan in December 1976, making his debut in a 3–2 defeat at Sheffield Wednesday on 27 December. He signed for York permanently in January 1977 for a fee of £7,500. He scored 33 times in 128 league games, also becoming Clubman of the Year in consecutive seasons, the first player to ever do so.
He moved to Carlisle United in October 1979 for a fee of £120,000. He joined Plymouth Argyle in March 1983 in a player exchange with Mike McCartney plus £5,000 and was part of the side that reached an FA Cup semi-final. In August 1985 he moved to Newport County in a player exchange with Steve Cooper plus £15,000. He returned to York in October 1987 on non-contract terms to end his professional career. He finished his career in non-League football with North Ferriby United, whom he signed for in July 1988 and departed in September 1989.
After retiring, he worked as Community Officer at York from 1989 to December 1996, when he became a North Regional coach for the Professional Footballers' Association. He was appointed youth coach at Leeds United in October 1997 before being sacked in May 1998 after just seven months of a three-year contract.
He then worked as co-ordinator of York College's Football Development Centre, alongside former York City goalkeeper Andy Leaning. The centre was awarded FA Charter status in 2005.
On 6 November 2013 Staniforth was announced as FA WSL club Doncaster Rovers Belles's new head coach. He would work under director of football Julie Chipchase, who said the appointment was made only after "a rigorous interview and practical coaching assignment". Staniforth led the team to five straight wins in his first five league games in charge and the Belles lost only one league match all season but finished behind Sunderland. On 30 October 2014, he resigned as Head Coach at the club, disgruntled at scything cuts to the club's playing budget.
Personal life
Staniforth's son Tom (1980–2001) was also a footballer. He was a professional with Sheffield Wednesday, but never played a competitive first team game. He was however a first team substitute on six occasions, including games against Manchester United and Arsenal. He died in York on the night of 20 August 2001, aged 20, having collapsed in the street after complaining of headaches. On 31 January 2002, a local man—and former York City youth team goalkeeper—was charged with supplying ecstasy to Tom Staniforth. The man was later acquitted on this charge after the prosecution failed to offer any evidence against him. Since his son's death, Gordon Staniforth has been involved in anti-drug campaigning.
His daughter, Lucy Staniforth, plays in the FA WSL for Aston Villa and is also an England international who featured in the 2019 Women's World Cup in France. Lucy wears number 37—Tom's old Sheffield Wednesday squad number. After hitting the first goal in Lincoln Ladies' 3–0 WSL win at Doncaster Rovers Belles, Lucy revealed a T-shirt paying tribute to Tom on the tenth anniversary of his death. | WIKI |
Talk:Thomas Bidgood
There is an error: the march The British Legion was, it says, written in 1912. However, the British Legion did not exist then! The march was actually written in 1921, soon after the creation of The British Legion. The British Legion (later Royal) did not adopt the march at first - it was finally adopted in 1965. References include the Central Band of the Royal British Legion recording on the 'Swonderful album sleeve notes. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Rogerclarinet (talk • contribs) 11:47, 18 April 2015 (UTC) | WIKI |
Materialize view and the performance issue
Materialize view and the performance issue
In this article I am trying to illustrate some points related to materialize view and the performance issue.
Views are the good example to handle the complex query.
Thinks about the situations like this
If a view performs an aggregation of millions of rows, query performance of the view decreases dramatically and this operation is performed many times every day, the database system must access millions of rows repeatedly.
The solutions is the materialized view
A new data structure must be defined to deal with this kind of scenario. A materialized view is defined just as a regular view but the result set of the query is stored as persistent data object such as table which is frequently updated from the underlying base tables when changes occur. They are useful to aggregate data in business intelligence applications with complex queries.
How I implement it
SET STATISTICS TIME ON
It displays the number of milliseconds required to parse, compile, and execute each statement.
Now execute the Query mentioned bellow:
SELECT p.ProductID, sum(t.ActualCost), sum(t.Quantity)
FROM Production.TransactionHistory t
INNER JOIN Production.Product p on t.ProductID=p.ProductID
GROUP BY p.ProductID;
It takes 42334 microseconds to execute.
To improve the response time, our strategy is to implement the materialize view.
To implements we must follows this steps.
1. Create a normal view
2. Include WITH SCHEMABINDING Options
3. Make a clustered index on this view
So, let’s start
Step-1 and 2
CREATE VIEW view_totCostQtyByProd
WITH SCHEMABINDING
AS
SELECT p.ProductID, sum(t.ActualCost), sum(t.Quantity)
FROM Production.TransactionHistory t
INNER JOIN Production.Product p ON t.ProductID=p.ProductID
GROUP BY p.ProductID;
Step-3
CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX Indx_TotCostQtyByProd
ON view_totCostQtyByProd(ProductID)
Now execute the view
SELECT *
FROM view_totCostQtyByProd;
It takes just 32 milliseconds, dramatically improve the performance.
Summary
So we understand that the creating materialized views dramatically improve the performance of the executions.
Hope you like it.
Posted by: MR. JOYDEEP DAS
Related Posts | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 61 Part 5.djvu/772
A780 INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS OTHER THAN TREATIES [61 STAT. Tariff Uts e Deoription of Product. tr paper and ocrdbrd .............. containing obanioal pulp: oataining ore than 60 per ent of mehaioal pulp (broa paper and cardboard, paper nd oardboard emi,- aheioal of wood or other), wighring per qame meter ore than 20 g..... oontainin 60 par oent and lo s of oechanioal pulp; brae pape d oardbord ani paper and cardboard *dmi-ohomiaal, of ood, weighing per qumar metre ore than S20 ............. other (exoept Iraft paper and cardboard) weighing per *quare metr more than 520 g ............ without Imelanioal palp, other (exoept Iraft paper and oardboard)i without rag pulp or oontaining leo than 75 per oent of rag pulp ..... oontaani( 75 per aent and mre of raC pulp .......................... fnred of two or several laWers ( deuz e pluuiur jet*), with the interior of rtra papr ....... with the interior ooetaining mehaloal pulps of brm paper mnd of *emi-ohemioal ood pper ...................... other (eoept with tb Interior of Kraft paper) ....................... with the Interior not ooltaini Imohanical pulp, other (exoept with the interior ef Xraft papr) .............. Rate of duty ad valorne 18% 25% 25% 26% 25% 20% le% 21 2o
� | WIKI |
cont_delay_synapse – Synapse type for continuous delays
Description
cont_delay_synapse relaxes the condition that NEST only implements delays which are an integer multiple of the time step h. A continuous delay is decomposed into an integer part (delay_) and a double (delay_offset_) so that the actual delay is given by delay_*h - delay_offset_. This can be combined with off-grid spike times.
All delays set by the normal NEST Connect function will be rounded, even when using cont_delay_synapse. To set non-grid delays, you must either
1. set the delay as model default using SetDefaults(), which is very efficient, but results in a situation where all synapses then will have the same delay.
2. set the delay for each synapse after the connections have been created, which is slower, but allows individual delay values.
Continuous delays cannot be shorter than the simulation resolution.
Transmits
SpikeEvent, RateEvent, CurrentEvent, ConductanceEvent, DoubleDataEvent
See also
Synapse, Continuous Delay
Examples using this model
None | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
newbIT TSA
Installation prerequisites
Docker
The official RedHat package for docker is distributed in the rhel-7-server-extras-rpms yum repository, which might need to be enabled first (see /etc/yum.repos.d). After you have the docker packages available, you can install the packages with the following command:
sudo yum install docker, docker-python, docker-selinux -y
Start the docker service:
sudo systemctl start docker.service
Enable the docker service:
sudo systemctl enable docker.service
Check the docker service status:
sudo systemctl status docker.service
docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-in: /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.d
|-flannel.conf
Active: active (running) since Thu 2018-03-01 22:398:47 EDT; 14s ago
Docs: http://docs.docker.com
Main PID: 13495 (sh)
CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service
└─13495 /bin/sh -c /usr/bin/docker-current daemon $OPTIONS
Ansible®
We provide ansible roles and playbook to install the newbIT TSA. To execute the Ansible playbook it is required that ansible is installed on the server itself or on a dedicated management system.
After you have made the ansible package available on the server, you can install the package with the following command:
sudo yum install ansible -y
Download and load docker images
This step is not required if your server has access to the official docker registry.
We regularly create exports of the complete docker image into an offline usable tar format. These images/versions were pre-tested prior to release, and are only published once we have qualified them in our lab.
In order to have as good a customer experience as possible, it is important that you contact us prior to installing or updating your installation. This ensures that we can help you to avoid any potential issues before they occur.
Download the images from https://packages.newbit.ch/influx/docker/, and copy them onto your nTSA server. We recommend storing the image under ~/docker-images.
To import the images into your local docker installation, run the following commands on your nTSA server:
Note: The filenames contain the version string. Care should be used to ensure that the correct versions of each component are used, as the previous packages will likely also be listed (if downloaded last time).
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/chronograf_1.6.2.tar
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/grafana_grafana_5.3.2.tar
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/influxdb_1.6.4.tar
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/kapacitor_1.5.1.tar
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/newbit_ntsa-docs_0.2.0.tar
sudo docker load -i ~/docker-images/newbit_ntsa-portal_0.1.1.tar
Prepare ansible playbook
Replace influx-hostname with the fqdn of the server, where the newbIT TSA will be installed.
Note: that you can also use localhost as the fqdn when you execute the ansible-playbook on the same server as you deploy the influx stack.
all:
children:
influxdb:
hosts:
influx-hostname
We recommend you Deploy your public ssh key on the server. This will simply the file transfer and the interaction with the server.
Configure playbook with your settings
The ansible playbook allows you to customize the configuration if required, for example:
---
- hosts: influxdb
roles:
- { role: influx-docker,
influx_docker_data_path: "/docker",
influx_docker_influxdb_host: "your-domain.com",
influx_docker_grafana_domain: "your-domain.com",
influx_docker_influxdb_version: '1.6.4',
influx_docker_chronograf_version: '1.6.2',
influx_docker_kapacitor_version: '1.5.1',
influx_docker_grafana_version: '5.3.2',
influx_docker_telegraf_version: '1.8.2',
influx_docker_ntsa_docs_version: '0.2.0',
influx_docker_ntsa_portal_version: '0.1.1',
influx_docker_manage_firewall: false,
influx_docker_databases: "telegraf _internal kapacitor",
influx_docker_grafana_reporting_enabled: "false",
influx_docker_grafana_check_for_updates: "false",
influx_docker_grafana_disable_gravatar: "true",
influx_docker_influxdb_auth_enabled: false,
}
Run ansible playbook
The ansible playbook will deploy and setup the Influx stack.
Execute the following command if you execute ansible from the same system (not as root user):
sudo ansible-playbook play.yml -i hosts -c local --ask-become-pass
Execute the following command if you execute ansible from a management host:
sudo ansible-playbook play.yml -i hosts -u root
For more information about ansible playbooks please refer to its documentation.
results matching ""
No results matching "" | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nairobi airport closed temporarily after plane makes emergency landing
NAIROBI, Nov 27 (Reuters) - A plane from Somalia landed on its belly and veered off the runway at Nairobi’s international airport on Sunday, causing no casualties but prompting the authorities to temporarily close the runway. Kenya Airports Authority said on Twitter that the plane had four people on board when it made the emergency landing at 4.55 p.m. (1355 GMT) at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport. “As a result the runway is temporarily closed to evacuate aircraft,” the authority said, without giving any details about the flight or type of plane. It was not immediately clear when flights would resume. Officials said flights were being diverted to other airports, a Reuters witness reported nearly four hours after the incident. (Reporting by Duncan Miriri; Writing by Edmund Blair; Editing by Greg Mahlich) | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
New York's 34th congressional district
New York's 34th congressional district was a congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York. It was created in 1843 as a result of the 1840 census, eliminated after the 1850 census, and then re-created in 1885 due to the 1880 census. It was eliminated most recently as a result of the 1990 census. It was last represented by Amo Houghton who was redistricted into the 31st district.
Past components
1983–1993:
* All of Allegany, Chautauqua, Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben, Yates
* Parts of Cattaraugus, Tompkins
1973–1983:
* All of Wayne
* Parts of Monroe
1971–1973:
* All of Cayuga, Ontario, Schuyler, Seneca, Yates
* Parts of Livingston, Onondaga, Oswego, Tompkins
1963–1971:
* All of Onondaga
1953–1963:
* All of Herkimer, Madison, Oneida
1945–1953:
* All of Franklin, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence
1913–1945:
* All of Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Otsego
1885–1913:
* All of Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauqua
Recent election results
The following chart shows historic election results. | WIKI |
Static content pages - still the fastest web-experience
Tutorial: How to utilize blua.blue to generate static content for your website.
In the constant battle of visibility, SEO and speed are important factors. Too often do we neglect these points due to our love for the dynamic web, slick SPAs and client-heavy gimmicks. Next to accessibility, static pages solve for many of these problems while our static site generators are usually monsters of their own.
Today, let's look at a "micro generator" that helps us to manage content dynamically while delivering static HTML pages.
Video-version of this tutorial: YouTube
The concept
The idea is rather simple: let's use the webhook capability of a headless CMS (here blua.blue) to receive content and write/update static HTML files. Next to what we want to achieve, this is a solution for additional challenges:
- it enables us to omit any API necessities
- it enables us to run our CMS locally or within a private network
In this POC, we will use the following folder structure
/assets/
/assets/template.html
/assets/menu.json (not used in the article, but in the video and gist)
/assets/script.js (not used in the article, but in the video and gist)
/assets/style.css
/blog/
receiver.php
.htaccess (if apache)
Preparing the CMS
For development reasons (when you develop locally, you will find yourself having trouble sending webhooks to localhost), I installed blua.blue locally. However, you can develop online (e.g. via FTP) to avoid a bigger setup. Whatever the case, setup your headless CMS to send webhooks to your endpoint. In my case, that was http://localhost/static-blog/receiver.php and using a baerer token for security.
Tip 1:
In blua.blue, you can set webhooks in "Manage" -> "API"
Tip 2:
When using Apache, be sure to include the following in your .htaccess
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} ^(.*)
RewriteRule .* - [e=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%1]
receiver.php
Our receiver should account for the following tasks:
1. Validate calls to ensure the received call is legitimate
2. Account for various events (create, update etc)
3. Write/update static pages
4. Generate a menu
Let's start:
First, let's create our class that we can later initiate with new Receiver('our-webhook-secret');
class Receiver
{
function __construct($mySecret)
{
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']) && substr($_SERVER['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'], 7) == $mySecret) {
// valid call -> do things
}
}
}
Next, we want want to grab the payload of the call:
private $data;
private function fetchData()
{
$data = file_get_contents('php://input');
if (!empty($data)) {
$this->data = json_decode($data, true);
}
}
We now have the data available as associative array in the property $data. At this point, we should know that the blua.blue call is structured like this:
{
"event": "created",
"payload": {
"name": "article-name",
...
"content": [
{
...
"content": "<p>Content</p>"
}
],
...
}
}
So let's make sure we have that information available in our instance and create a switch-case for the possible events
- created
- updated
- deleted
in our constructor:
function __construct($mySecret)
{
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION']) && substr($_SERVER['HTTP_AUTHORIZATION'], 7) == $mySecret) {
$this->fetchData();
switch ($this->data['event']) {
case 'created':
case 'updated':
// here, let's write to a file
$this->writeToFile();
break;
case 'deleted':
break;
}
}
}
You might wonder about the method "writeToFile" as we don't have it yet. but first, we need to account for two prerequisites:
- template-rendering
- template
Using composer, let's include neoan3-apps/ops (composer require neoan3-apps/ops) and remember that we need the autoloader available (require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';) in our receiver.
For now, the template is a primitive HTML file in /assets/template.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>[[name]]</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../assets/style.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" id="blog">
<blog-menu>
<ul>
<li n-for="links as link">
<a href="[[link.link]]">[[link.name]]</a>
</li>
</ul>
</blog-menu>
<h1>[[name]]</h1>
<div class="content-part" n-for="content as contentPart">
[[contentPart.content]]
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Ups... blua.blue and dev.to have some issues with parsing this template. The hard brackets should be curlys!
The markup should be intuitive, but feel free to head over to the documentation at: https://packagist.org/packages/neoan3-apps/ops
Finally, let's address our missing function:
private function writeToFile()
{
// let's ignore the article if it is a draft
if ($this->data['payload']['publish_date']) {
// account for \Neoan3\Apps\Ops routing
if(!defined('path')){
define('path', __DIR__);
}
$destination = path . '/blog/' . $this->data['payload']['slug'] . '.html';
$content = \Neoan3\Apps\Ops::embraceFromFile('assets/template.html', $this->data['payload']);
file_put_contents($destination , $content);
}
}
That's it! We can now generate our first static article by using the blua.blue backend.
Now, there is a lot of functionality missing (like delete, menu etc.). Some of it is addressed in the video and you can find a little more advanced version here: https://gist.github.com/sroehrl/c81a1d90a8db87b55307ea7f791c1de7
neoan @neoan
1094 readers
Keywords
php cms static pages
On topic
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[Haskell-cafe] How to make boolean logic with IO Monad more expressive?
Magicloud Magiclouds magicloud.magiclouds at gmail.com
Mon May 27 05:07:37 UTC 2019
Hi,
I think `a || b && c` is more clear than
```
if a
then True
else if b
then if c
then True
else False
else False
```
And some languages, `pureComputing || (ioOperation && pure2)` involves
IO only when pureComputing is False.
So in Haskell, is it possible to get both benefits?
```
status <- ioOperation -- IO-ed anyway
return $ pureComputing || (status && pure2)
```
```
if pureComputing
then return True
else do
status <- ioOperation
if status
then return pure2
else return False
-- Looks ugly
```
More information about the Haskell-Cafe mailing list | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Adam's reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Behar, submitted to Government in 1835, 1836 and 1838.djvu/299
Rh from the preceding details the proportion of the instructed to the uninstructed adult population—
The total adult population is the population, male and female above 14 years of age, including the students both of Hindu and Mahomedan schools of learning as being generally above that age; and the instructed adult population is the total number of those who were ascertained to possess any kind or degree of instruction from the lowest grade to the highest attainments of learning. The result is a natural consequence of the degree of instruction found to exist amongst the juvenile population, and is confirmatory of the proportions given in p. 232. The Culna thana of the Burdwan district in which the highest proportion of juvenile instruction was found is that also in which the highest proportion of adult instuction is found, viz., about nine in every 100, leaving 91 of the adult population wholly uninstructed. The Bhawara thana of the Tirhoot district in which the lowest proportion of juvenile instruction was found is that also in which the lowest proportion of adult instruction is found, viz., two and three-tenths in every 100, leaving 97 and seven-tenths of the adult population wholly uninstructed. The intermediate proportions have also a correspondence, thana Jehanabad having a proportion of less than five, and thana Daulatbazar a proportion of more than four, in every 100 possessing some kind and degree of instruction, leaving about 95 in the former and 96 in the latter wholly uninstructed; while thana Nanglia has a proportion of five and three-tenths and the city of Moorshedabad a proportion of 7 in every 100 possessing some instruction, leaving 94 and seven-tenths in the former and 92, in the latter wholly uninstructed. Thus in the comparison of one locality with another of the state of adult | WIKI |
Our family of 3 traveled for 7 months and only spent $288.30
In 2019, Mary Kearl and her husband left their full-time jobs to travel throughout the US and Central and South America with their one-year-old child.They had saved up and expected to spend $36,000 on their trip, but because they worked while they travelled they only ended up spending $288.30 of their savings.Kearl walked Business Insider through her seven months across the globe, including how they prepared to go abroad and how she managed to make money through freelance work.Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.At the start of 2019, my husband and I left our full-time jobs — where our combined annual income was over $150,000 a year — moved out of our one-bedroom apartment in Marina del Rey, CA, and packed two carry-on sized suitcases, a backpack, and our one-year-old's diaper bag to travel throughout the US and Central and South America.Over seven months, we visited 12 countries and 48 destinations, traveled 17,020 miles, and took 30 flights (and dozens of boats, trains, and buses) — and only spent $288.30 of our savings, even though we'd set aside and expected to spend $36,000. That's because between the two of us, we managed to make almost as much as we spent, about $35,000. Now we're in our eighth month of living out of suitcases, and we've slowed down — we're back in the states while my husband is renovating my family's vacation home in Maine. No longer having to pay for our accommodations, we're actually in the positive, having earned more than what we spent on our travels. How did we manage this? By setting and (mostly) sticking to a budget, finding remote freelance work (averaging six hours a week), signing up for a foreign-transaction-fee-free travel rewards card, walking an average of 10,000 steps a day — often replacing paid transportation — taking long-distance buses instead of planes, filtering water instead of buying it, doing laundry by hand, dining in, and eating out where the locals frequent, among other penny-stretching strategies. And it has helped that our baby's flights, accommodations, and fares for excursions and attractions have almost always been free. The full-time remote working life is a goal for many — being able to set your own schedule, get the job done from anywhere in the world, and sightsee after hours. Others may aspire to become social media travel influencers and get paid to post from all over the globe. Neither was our dream or reality. I didn't plan on working. Instead, I had the luck of receiving a sizeable project from an existing client right before we left the US, and that gave me the courage to grow my freelance list from one client to 14 throughout our travels in the areas I specialize in: writing, social media, and marketing. Each remote freelance situation has been unique — some have paid me per writing assignment, while others paid me monthly retainers for a specific scope of marketing or social media work.Saving for and calculating our world travel budget: How accurate were we?How we saved for this trip is a longer story, but in short, over the course of two years, my husband and I set and stuck to a monthly savings goal, adding to our travel fund each month and keeping daily expenses down by rarely eating out, living in a one-car household (a rarity in LA) and one-bedroom apartment, and biking to work (and most other places) every day. To come up with our $36,000 budget, we consulted travel blogs and Budget Your Trip, which provides the average daily cost per "budget," "mid-range," and "luxury" traveler. Since we didn't plan to stay in shared accommodations or hitchhike like backpackers might, we figured we should double the mid-range estimate. Looking back, we should have factored our child as at least one-fourth or one-half of one adult's daily costs. For example, for Peru, Budget Your Trip estimates one person on a mid-range budget will spend $46 per day, whereas our daily spend was $106. The cost of diapers, wipes, and whole milk added up.What we actually spent while travelingAfter six months of travel in South America, our average daily spend came to around $110. Broken down by category, it looked like this:Accommodations: $40Food: $29Short-distance transportation (cabs, local public transportation, etc.): $13Attractions: $20Other: $8 While traveling in El Salvador and the US, we've mostly stayed for free with family and friends, borrowed cars, and cooked meals at home, bringing our daily budget down to $30 to $50, depending on the amount of sight-seeing and longer-distance travel. Of course, our average daily costs only tell half the story. Planes, trains, and long bus rides added up to about $14,000, including some unusual detours, like flying to the US to help my mom after an unplanned surgery and to Cabo for a friend's bachelorette. If I were to do this again, figuring out how to cut back on longer-distance travel costs would be my main priority. The final category of spending we budgeted for was monthly recurring costs: travel health insurance and our two phone bills, which added up to about $200 per month.
Month 1: January 2019
Travel statsProgress: 3 countries, 6 citiesPlaces visited: Greater San Salvador, El Salvador; Las Vegas, Nevada, US; and Cartagena, Santa Marta, Medellin, and Bogota, ColombiaRemote work stats Active clients: 1Hours worked per week: 4In Colombia, we spent the least on food than in any other country in South America — about $19 per day — because we stayed in apartments with fully-equipped kitchens and ate two meals per day at home.
When we ate out, we found low-cost street food, like empanadas and arepas.
Month 2: February 2019
Travel statsProgress: 3 countries, 7 citiesPlaces visited: Bogota, Colombia; Quito, Otavalo, Santa Cruz (Galapagos), Isabella (Galapagos), and San Cristobal (Galapagos), Ecuador; Lima, PeruRemote work stats Active clients: 2Hours worked per week: 6When preparing for Ecuador, we set two separate budgets — one for the mainland and one for the remote Galapagos islands made famous by Darwin, which locals refer to as a "lujo" (or "luxury") to visit. Our goal was to spend $150 a day on the islands and $90 a day on the mainland, but our averages crept up to $185 a day and $150 a day, respectively.
While still busy with the projects I received at the beginning of the year, I interviewed for and landed a US-based freelance writing gig all from the comfort and tranquility of a beautiful remote mountain retreat in Otavalo, Ecuador.
Month 3: March 2019
Travel statsProgress: 4 countries; 12 citiesPlaces visited: Lima, Ollantaytambo, Aguas Caliente/Machu Picchu, Paracas, Huacachina, Cusco, Puno, and Islas Uros, Peru; New York City, NY, US; Greater San Salvador, El Salvador; Copacabana, Isla del Sol, and La Paz, BoliviaRemote work statsActive clients: 4Hours worked per week: 14March was the busiest month for gigs and travel. Because I was bringing in more income, we saw some of the pricier parts of Peru, including Machu Picchu, and spent $523 on a three-day tour of the Ica Desert, the Huacachina Oasis, and a private plane tour over the famous Nazca Lines, which can only be seen from the air and are believed to be 2,500 years old.
That new client I landed back in Ecuador had tons of writing assignments for the launch of a new website. Plus, I landed two additional clients, so I squeezed in work between travels and baby's naps.
In transit between Copacabana, considered the cradle of Andean civilization, and La Paz, Bolivia, I worked over a meal while baby slept peacefully in this toddler travel tent.
Month 4: April 2019
Travel statsProgress: 4 countries; 9 citiesPlaces visited: La Paz, Sucre, Santa Cruz, and Samaipata, Bolivia; Asuncion and Ciudad del Este, Paraguay; the Iguazu Falls side of Brazil and Argentina; Manaus, BrazilRemote work stats Active clients: 2Hours worked per week: 10I originally calculated that Bolivia would be our lowest daily budget — estimating we'd spend $60 per day. However, because it was a lower-cost place, we invited our teenage niece, two nephews and my sister-in-law to join us during the kids' spring break. For eight days, we were spending for a family of seven and still managed to spend only about $150 a day.The big expense of this month was paying $320 for US tourist visas for Paraguay for me and our baby (my husband didn't have to pay because he's a dual citizen and used his El Salvador passport to enter for free). That major one-time expense is the reason our daily average was so high ($172 a day) — subtract that, and our average would be about $92 per day, similar to other countries.Still, we loved our high-rise apartment overlooking the National Palace (the equivalent of the White House) in Asuncion, where we saw them roll out the red carpet for a state ceremony. Using our travel binoculars, we could make out the president, security staged on the roof and in all corners of the property, and a getaway helicopter.
Our studio apartment made working while baby slept challenging, so I took calls and interviews in the hallway and even up on the rooftop deck.
At the end of the month, I picked up one new client and wrapped things up with two others, and work slowed to 10 hours a week.
That was just as well, as the last week of the month involved spending 18 hours on a bus (national protests shut down traffic in Paraguay) and visiting the breathtaking Iguazu Falls on both the Argentinian and Brazilian sides.
Month 5: May 2019
Travel statsProgress: 3 countries; 7 citiesPlaces visited: Manaus, the Amazon Jungle, Salvador, Rio, and Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cabo San Lucas, Mexico; Buenos Aires, ArgentinaRemote work stats Active clients: 3Hours worked per week: 5I picked up one new freelance writing client and my husband, who is a tourism and hospitality professional, began remotely managing a rental property on Airbnb and other booking sites.
Our biggest splurge (and savings) of the month was on a three-day, two-night Amazon jungle tour — one of the highlights of our whole trip because of how immersed we became, almost completely off the grid — which we found online for $1,020. Thanks to asking around at tour agencies in person, we paid 230% less at $302.
Month 6: June 2019
Travel statsProgress: 3 countries, 11 citiesPlaces visited: Buenos Aires, Ushuaia, El Calafate, El Chalten, Puerto Blest, Bariloche, and Mendoza, Argentina; Colonia and Montevideo, Uruguay; Puerto Natales and Puerto Varas, ChileRemote work statsActive clients: 4Hours worked per week: 12 hoursUruguay was one of the countries where we spent the least on attractions ($0 a day) because we spent so much time sightseeing outside, as we did in Colonia — a beautiful place to catch the sunset, where locals gather for a half hour or more to appreciate the priceless (and free) view. By now I learned that some of the best freelancing gigs were to be found in Facebook networking groups, as opposed to traditional job sites like LinkedIn or Indeed. My new client came via a Facebook posting from early May — I applied that same day, and followed up not once but twice. By June, I found myself busy with the kind of assignments I could do on my own schedule without any calls — best for my unpredictable schedule and Wi-Fi.
Month 7: July 2019
Travel statsProgress: 4 countries; 5 citiesPlaces visited: Mendoza, Argentina; Valparaiso and Santiago, Chile; Greater San Salvador, El Salvador; and New York City, NY, USRemote work stats Active clients: 2Hours worked per week: 5I've heard July is notoriously slow for freelancers, which was true and just as well for me. Winter had arrived and we were losing daylight and energy — sleeping in about 59 different beds over six months was catching up.I had ambitions of reaching the remote Easter Island, but the thought of spending about $1,000 and six hours to fly there made me refocus my goal on appreciating the highlights we saw, including the extremes of urban Valparaiso and majestic Torres del Paine.
Where to next?
The big question from our friends, family, and ourselves is: Now that we have more or less broken even from working part-time remotely while traveling, will we keep traveling or settle down? For now, the answer is yes and yes. The next chapter will involve finding a place to call home, while having the confidence to pick (and pack) up and continue our working and traveling lives the next time we get the urge to see more of the world once again.A graduate of NYU with a BA in journalism and Baruch College Zicklin School of Business with an MBA in marketing, Mary Kearl is a professional writer and digital marketer with over 11 years of experience. She's written for AOL, Forbes, HuffPost, Target, Zillow, and many other publications, websites, and brands. As a digital and social marketer, she's worked for Adobe, the New York City Marathon, and other startups and small businesses. Follow her remote work/travel life on Instagram @SeetheWorldParents. Learn more on her website and feel free to connect on Twitter @marykearl and LinkedIn. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
Page:United States Statutes at Large Volume 70.djvu/168
112
"Court."
D. C. Code 11752.
Personnel.
PUBLIC LAW 486-APR. 11, 1956
[70 S T A T.
mestic Relations Branch of the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia created by this Act; (b) "Court" means the Municipal Court for the District of Columbia and the several judges thereof. SEC. 103. (a) ADDITIONAL JUDGES.—The first section of the Act entitled "An Act to authorize the appointment of three additional judges of the municipal court for the District of Columbia and to prescribe the qualifications of appointees to the municipal court and the municipal court of appeals, and for other purposes", approved October 25, 1949 (63 Stat. 887), is hereby amended by striking therefrom "thirteen" and inserting in lieu thereof "sixteen". (b) The judges appointed to the additional positions authorized by the amendments set forth in subsection (a) of this section shall during their tenures of office serve as judges of the Domestic Relations Branch, but the chief judge of the court may, if he finds the work in the Domestic Relations Branch will not be adversely affected thereby assign any of said judges of the Domestic Relations Branch to perform the duties of any other judge of the court. The chief judge of the court shall also have the authority to assign any of the other judges of the court to serve temporarily in the Domestic Relations Branch if, in the opinion of the said chief judge, the work of the Domestic Relations Branch requires such assignment. SEC. 104. The Judges of the Domestic Relations Branch, with the approval of the chief judge of the court, shall have authority to appoint and remove a clerk and such other personnel as may be necessary for the operation of the branch. SEC.
105. JURISDICTION OF DOMESTIC RELATIONS BRANCH.—The
Domestic Relations Branch and each judge sitting therein shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all actions for divorce from the bond of marriage and legal separation from bed and board, including proceedings incidental to such actions for alimony, pendente lite and permanent, and for support and custody of minor children; applications for revocation of divorce from bed and board; civil actions to enforce support of minor children; civil actions to enforce support of wife; actions seeking custody of minor children; actions to declare marriages void; actions to declare marriages valid; actions for annulments of marriage; and proceedings in adoption. Nothing in this Act shall be construed to divest the United States District Court for the District of Columbia of jurisdiction and power to consider, and to enter and enforce judgments, orders, and decrees in any such action, application or proceeding filed in such court prior to the effective date of this section to the same extent as if this Act had not been enacted. SEC. 106. (a) DOMESTIC RELATIONS BRANCH VESTED W I T H POWER To EFFECTUATE PURPOSES OF ACT.—The Domestic Relations Branch
is hereby vested with so much of the power as is now vested in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, whether in law or in equity, as is necessary to effectuate the purposes of this Act, including but not limited to, the power to issue restraining orders, injunctions, writs of habeas corpus, and ne exeat, and all other writs, orders, and decrees. (b) The Domestic Relations Branch shall have the same power to enforce and execute judgments, orders, and decrees entered by it as is now vested in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Judgments of the branch shall have the same legal status as liens upon real estate as judgments of tlje United States District Court for the District of Columbia. SEC. 107.
(a)
AMENDMENTS OF STATUTES.—Section 963 of the
Act
approved March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1345, ch. 845), as amended by the Act approved June 21, 1949 (63 Stat. 215, ch. 233; sec. 16-416, D. C. Code, 1951 edition), is amended by striking therefrom "United States
� | WIKI |
Lead contamination in the body of the cattle was thought initially to be coming from the feed and the environment in which the cattle were maintained. When a human consumes more than 2.0 ppm of lead-contaminated beef, it could cause damage to various organs, and also lower cognitive abilities. This study aims to determine the amount of heavy metal lead in the blood of Bali cattle which were slaughtered in a traditional slaughterhouse in Denpasar. Blood plasma samples from 20 Bali cattle were taken randomly and used for this study. The blood stored in 10ml tubes which were filled with 0.5% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) previously. The lead content measurement was conducted by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) method. From the measurement result, it was obtained that the average lead content was 7.35±4.33 ppm. There was a blood sample that did not contain any lead. The lead content of this result is higher than in the cattle from Suwung Landfill Denpasar, which was 6.60±1.85 ppm, as the result of our research previously. This result shows that lead contamination does not only originate from the place in which the cattle were raised. However, other risk factors can contribute to it and thus further investigation is needed. Nonetheless, it can be concluded that the level of lead contamination in blood plasma of Bali cattle which were slaughtered in a traditional slaughterhouse is 7.35±4.33 ppm. There is the need to do a further study about the risk factors of lead contamination in the blood of Bali cattle. | FINEWEB-EDU |
Using Azure Active Directory as centralized AD
New Contributor
Hello Guys,
I want to understand the scenario where we have say 20-30 on-prem AD's and few other Azure AD tenants say 3 or 4. Can it be integrated and managed with a centralized Azure active directory. Is it possible ?
If YES, what are the ways to do it ?
If No, how this kind of scenario can be achieved?
Thankyou in advance.
6 Replies
How many ADDS Forests/Domains do you have? Are you plan to move to Cloud Identity only or planning to have a centralized Azure AD (single AAD Tenant)?
When you say, you have different AD forest, it means, you consciously decided to create seperate AD Admin and Security boundary. Why do you want to break that?
Multiple AD forest can sync to single Azure AD tenant, however, you can not sync one on premise AD to multiple tenants.
Azure AD supported topologies are describe here - https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/hybrid/plan-connect-topologies
thankyou for your response. I am trying to figure out a solution where I can create a centralized Azure AD (Single tenant) and then connect multiple on-prem local AD's and also connect 2 or 3 Azure AD tenant to a centralized AAD.
Thankyou Jai for the response. I am trying to connect 2 to 3 Azure AD tenant to a centralized Azure AD tenant and also multiple Local AD's lets say 20 or 30 to the centralized Azure AD.
Unfortunately, if I'm not wrong, Microsoft currently does not have a solution to consolidate multiples AAD tenants into a single one. You will find some valuable stuff at the link suggested by Jai Verma but, for your scenario, I strongly suggest you engage MCS to help you on this consolidation project | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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About Functions OutputTypeAttribute
JuanPablo Jofre|Last Updated: 11/17/2016
|
2 Contributors
about_Functions_OutputTypeAttribute
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Describes an attribute that reports the type of object that the function returns.
LONG DESCRIPTION
The OutputType attribute lists the .NET types of objects that the functions returns. You can use its optional ParameterSetName parameter to list different output types for each parameter set.
The OutputType attribute is supported on simple and advanced functions. It is independent of the CmdletBinding attribute.
The OutputType attribute provides the value of the OutputType property of the System.Management.Automation.FunctionInfo object that the Get-Command cmdlet returns.
The OutputType attribute value is only a documentation note. It is not derived from the function code or compared to the actual function output. As such, the value might be inaccurate.
SYNTAX
The OutputType attribute of functions has the following syntax:
[OutputType([], ParameterSetName="")] [OutputType("", ParameterSetName="")]
The ParameterSetName parameter is optional.
You can list multiple types in the OutputType attribute.
[OutputType([],[],[])]
You can use the ParameterSetName parameter to indicate that different parameter sets return different types.
[OutputType([], ParameterSetName="","")] [OutputType([], ParameterSetName="")]
Place the OutputType attribute statements in the attributes list that precedes the Param statement.
The following example shows the placement of the OutputType attribute in a simple function.
function SimpleFunction2 { [OutputType([])] Param ($Parameter1)
}
The following example shows the placement of the OutputType attribute in advanced functions.
function AdvancedFunction1 { [OutputType([])] Param ( [parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String[]] $Parameter1
)
}
function AdvancedFunction2 { [CmdletBinding(SupportsShouldProcess=)] [OutputType([])] Param ( [parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [String[]] $Parameter1
)
}
EXAMPLES
The following function uses the OutputType attribute to indicate that it returns a string value.
function Send-Greeting { [OutputType([String])] Param ($Name)
Hello, $Name }
To see the resulting output type property, use the Get-Command cmdlet.
PS C:> (Get-Command Send-Greeting).OutputType
Name Type
System.String System.String
The following advanced function uses the OutputType attribute to indicate that the function returns different types depending on the parameter set used in the function command.
function Get-User { [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName="ID")]
[OutputType("System.Int32", ParameterSetName="ID")] [OutputType([String], ParameterSetName="Name")]
Param ( [parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName="ID")] [Int[]] $UserID,
[parameter(Mandatory=$true, ParameterSetName="Name")] [String[]] $UserName
)
}
The following example demonstrates that the output type property value displays the value of the OutputType attribute, even when it is inaccurate.
The Get-Time function returns a string that contains the short form of the time in any DateTime object. However, the OutputType attribute reports that it returns a System.DateTime object.
function Get-Time { [OutputType([DateTime])] Param
(
[parameter(Mandatory=$true)] [Datetime]$DateTime
)
$DateTime.ToShortTimeString() }
The Get-Type method confirms that the function returns a string.
PS C:> (Get-Time -DateTime (Get-Date)).Gettype().FullName System.String
However, the OutputType property, which gets its value from the OutputType attribute, reports that the function returns a DateTime object.
PS C:> (Get-Command Get-Time).OutputType
Name Type
System.DateTime System.DateTime
NOTES
The value of the OutputType property of a FunctionInfo object is an array of System.Management.Automation.PSTypeName objects, each of which have Name and Type properties.
To get only the name of each output type, use a command with the following format.
(Get-Command Get-Time).OutputType | ForEach {$_.Name}
The value of the OutputType property can be null. Use a null value when the output is a not a .NET type, such as a WMI object or a formatted view of an object.
SEE ALSO
about_Functions about_Functions_Advanced about_Functions_Advanced_Methods about_Functions_Advanced_Parameters about_Functions_CmdletBindingAttribute
© 2016 Microsoft | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
HORIZON BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. MARSHALLS POINT RETREAT LLC and Marshall's Point Association, Inc., Defendants,
Allen S. Musikantow, Defendant-Respondent-Petitioner.
No. 2016AP832
Supreme Court of Wisconsin.
Oral Argument: November 7, 2017 Opinion Filed: March 6, 2018
For the defendant-respondent-petitioner, there were briefs filed by James E. Goldschmidt, Donald K. Schott, and Quarles & Brady LLP, Madison and Milwaukee. There was an oral argument by Donald K. Schott.
For the plaintiff-appellant, there was a brief filed by Melinda A. Bialzik, Samuel C. Wisotzkey, and Kohner, Mann & Kailas, S.C., Milwaukee. There was an oral argument by Melinda A. Bialzik.
An amicus curiae brief was filed on behalf of Wisconsin Bankers Association by Kirsten E. Spira, John E. Knight, and Boardman & Clark LLP, Madison.
ANN WALSH BRADLEY, J.
¶1 The petitioner, Allen S. Musikantow (Musikantow), seeks review of an unpublished per curiam decision of the court of appeals directing that the circuit court apply a credit of $2,250,000 to a money judgment entered against Musikantow as guarantor of a loan. Musikantow contends that the court of appeals erred by limiting the credit to the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale thereby precluding the circuit court from hearing evidence of the fair value of the property after the confirmation of sale.
¶2 Specifically, Musikantow contends that Wis. Stat. § 846.165 (2015-16) does not require a circuit court to make a determination of a guaranty credit at the time the foreclosure sale is confirmed. He further argues that circuit courts have the discretion to decouple guaranty-related rulings from underlying foreclosure sales.
¶3 We conclude that Wis. Stat. § 846.165 does not apply to credits toward a judgment on a guaranty. Rather, it applies to the relationship between only the mortgagee and mortgagor who signed the promissory note underlying the mortgage. It therefore cannot serve as authority for the proposition that, when confirming a foreclosure sale, a circuit court must determine the amount of a credit to be applied to a judgment on a guaranty.
¶4 Further, we conclude that when an action for foreclosure against a mortgagor and an action for a money judgment on a guaranty are brought in the same proceeding as in the instant case, the circuit court may, in its discretion, decide the amount of a credit to be applied to a judgment on a guaranty either at the time the sale is confirmed or at another time. The questions of fair value for purposes of Wis. Stat. § 846.165 and the amount of any credit toward the judgment on the guaranty are separate questions. Thus, the circuit court did not erroneously exercise its discretion when it decoupled the confirmation of sale from the determination of the guaranty credit.
¶5 Finally, we determine that the stipulation in this case does not establish that the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale shall be the sole credit toward the money judgment against Musikantow.
¶6 Accordingly, we reverse the decision of the court of appeals and remand to the circuit court for further proceedings to determine the amount of the credit to be applied toward the judgment against Musikantow as guarantor.
I
¶7 Horizon Bank, National Association (Horizon Bank) loaned $5 million to Marshalls Point Retreat LLC (Marshalls Point), secured by a mortgage on property located in Sister Bay. Musikantow, a member of Marshalls Point, signed a continuing guaranty of payment for the loan.
¶8 Alleging that Marshalls Point had defaulted on the loan, Horizon Bank brought a foreclosure action. In the same action, Horizon Bank also brought a claim for a money judgment against Musikantow pursuant to the terms of the guaranty.
¶9 The parties stipulated to the entry of judgment on both of Horizon Bank's claims. The stipulation contained an order for judgment, which the circuit court signed. A judgment for foreclosure was entered against Marshalls Point and a money judgment was entered against Musikantow as guarantor for $4,045,555.55, the amount of principal and interest remaining on the loan.
¶10 In addition, the stipulation provided that the Sister Bay property may be sold at a sheriff's sale. It further stated that:
[t]he amount paid to [Horizon Bank] from the proceeds of said sale of the Premises, remaining after deduction by [Horizon Bank] of the amount of interest, fees, costs, expenses, disbursements and other charges paid or incurred by [Horizon Bank] not included in the monetary judgment against [Musikantow] (set forth below) shall be credited by [Horizon Bank] as payment on said monetary judgment.
¶11 At the sheriff's sale, Horizon Bank bought the Sister Bay property for a credit bid of $2,250,000. The sole bid was from Horizon Bank.
¶12 Horizon Bank moved the circuit court to confirm the sale pursuant to Wis. Stat. § 846.165, arguing that the amount of its bid at the sheriff's sale constituted "fair value" of the Sister Bay property. In support of its determination of fair value, Horizon Bank submitted two expert witness affidavits.
¶13 Additionally, Horizon Bank indicated in its motion to confirm the sale that it would not seek a deficiency judgment against Marshalls Point. Finally, it requested that the circuit court apply the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale as a credit toward the judgment against Musikantow, thereby reducing the amount of the money judgment by that amount.
¶14 In response to the motion to confirm the sale, Marshalls Point and Musikantow "recognize[d] that the court must find that the amount bid at sale represents fair value, even though the mortgagee did not seek a deficiency judgment against the mortgagor." They also conceded that "[f]air value is not the same as fair market value."
¶15 Thus, Marshalls Point and Musikantow did not object to the confirmation of sale at the price of Horizon Bank's winning bid at the sheriff's sale on the condition that certain language be added to the order confirming the sale. They sought language to protect Musikantow from being bound to the amount of the winning bid as the amount of the credit:
Notwithstanding anything in this order, the confirmation of the sale of the collateral to Horizon Bank, following a deficiency against the borrower, shall have no collateral estoppel or res judicata effect should Horizon Bank seek to recover against the guarantor, Allen S. Musikantow, on all or any part of the judgment against Allen S. Musikantow as guarantor of this obligation.
¶16 Marshalls Point and Musikantow further indicated that, if the requested language was not inserted into the order, they would object "not to the confirmation of the sale itself, but to the amount to be credited upon the judgment against [Musikantow]." They asserted that the Sister Bay property had a fair market value far in excess of the $2,250,000 winning bid, arguing that the actual value of the property exceeded $10 million.
¶17 The circuit court held a hearing on the motion to confirm the sale. Marshalls Point and Musikantow reiterated their desire for additional language in the order as reflected above. See supra, ¶15. Their counsel stated, "We don't oppose confirmation of sale in and of itself at that price. What we oppose is a finding of the value which would be binding on the guarantor."
¶18 Additionally, counsel for Marshalls Point and Musikantow indicated that a witness was present in the courtroom who would testify that the Sister Bay property had a market value exceeding $10 million. The circuit court adjourned and rescheduled the hearing and the witness never testified.
¶19 At the next scheduled hearing, counsel for Marshalls Point and Musikantow asserted that there was "a great deal of testimony" that could be presented about the property's market value. However, counsel did not offer this testimony based on the belief "that it's really not necessary that we make an evidentiary finding with respect to the value to be placed upon the residence[.]"
¶20 Rather, counsel observed that the guaranty Musikantow signed contained a governing law provision. This provision stated that the guaranty "will be governed by federal law applicable to lender and to the extent not preempted by federal law, the laws of the State of Indiana without regard to its conflicts of law provisions." Counsel expressed his view that "it's clearly not a Wisconsin case in terms of the substantive law. It is, however, in Wisconsin for procedural issues dealing with the foreclosure."
¶21 Additionally, counsel indicated that Horizon Bank had already filed a federal lawsuit in Florida, where Musikantow resided, for the purpose of "authenticating" the judgment against him. He argued that "what we're doing is we're going above and beyond what's required in Wisconsin procedural law to decide an issue that's ... more likely to be litigated in the State of Florida as to the value to be credited for that property."
¶22 In response, Horizon Bank explained that "[t]he federal action is a domestication of the money judgment that this [c]ourt has already entered on the guarant[y] in these proceedings." Horizon Bank further asserted, "The judgment has been entered. He was personally served. He was under the jurisdiction of the [c]ourt. The [c]ourt entered a money judgment. Those issues are done." Thus, it requested that the circuit court confirm the sheriff's sale and apply the $2,250,000 proceeds from the sheriff's sale as "the only number that can be credited to the judgment."
¶23 The circuit court granted Horizon Bank's motion to confirm the sale. It further found "that a bid price of 2.25 million dollars represents fair and reasonable value for the property." However, the circuit court declined to rule on the credit to be applied toward the judgment against Musikantow as guarantor.
¶24 In declining to rule on the amount of the credit, the circuit court expressed its belief that because of the governing law provision, the Florida district court would determine the amount of the credit. The circuit court stated:
I guess if the federal courts kick this back to me to make a decision [about] what is to be the appropriate credit under the commercial guarant[y], well, then we'll have a hearing and I'll make that decision. But I'm not going to preempt federal law at this point.
Maybe the federal courts are going to kick it back here. Maybe they're going to kick it back to Indiana. I don't know whether they're going to kick it back. If it's kicked back here, then I'll deal with it. ...
[T]his is a federal issue and I'm not going to deal with it today.
¶25 Accordingly, the circuit court entered an order confirming the sale. Consistent with its determination to leave the calculation of Musikantow's credit for another day, it crossed out the final paragraph of the proposed order, which set forth:
After application to the Judgment indebtedness of the amount bid at sheriff's sale of $2,250,000, there remains due under the Judgment entered against Allen S. Musikantow the sum of $1,869,460.70, as of November 4, 2015, together with subsequently accruing interest, fees and costs.
¶26 A month later, the circuit court entered another order. "[I]n light of the language in the Guaranty document indicating that it is to be governed by Federal Law[,]" the circuit court stated that it would "decline to make a finding of the amount to be credited against the judgment of Horizon Bank [ ] against [ ] Musikantow as guarantor." The court advised it would, "if requested by a Federal Court, make a determination as to such amount to be credited against the judgment of Horizon Bank [ ] against [ ] Musikantow."
¶27 Horizon Bank appealed the second order. On appeal, Horizon Bank argued that the stipulation between the parties controlled the amount of the credit to be applied toward the judgment. The court of appeals agreed, reversing the circuit court and remanding with the direction to amend the money judgment against Musikantow by applying a sole credit of $2,250,000. Horizon Bank, Nat'l Ass'n v. Marshalls Point Retreat LLC, No. 2016AP832, unpublished slip op., ¶25, 373 Wis.2d 767, 2017 WL 389395 (Wis. Ct. App. Jan. 24, 2017) (per curiam).
II
¶28 This case requires us to interpret Wis. Stat. § 846.165. Statutory interpretation is a question of law we review independently of the determinations of the circuit court and court of appeals. GMAC Mortg. Corp. v. Gisvold, 215 Wis. 2d 459, ¶29, 572 N.W.2d 466 (1998).
¶29 We are also asked to address whether the circuit court erroneously exercised its discretion when it decoupled the guaranty-related credit determination from the underlying foreclosure action. This court will uphold the discretionary decision of a circuit court as long as the circuit court's exercise of discretion was not erroneous. Hull v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 222 Wis. 2d 627, ¶11, 586 N.W.2d 863 (1998). An exercise of discretion is erroneous if it is based on an error of fact or law. Zarder v. Humana Ins. Co., 2010 WI 35, ¶21, 324 Wis. 2d 325, 782 N.W.2d 682.
¶30 Finally, we construe the stipulation between the parties. The interpretation of a stipulation is also a question of law we review independently of the determinations of the circuit court and court of appeals. Stone v. Acuity, 2008 WI 30, ¶21, 308 Wis. 2d 558, 747 N.W.2d 149.
III
¶31 The court of appeals based its determination on the language of the stipulation and its understanding that Musikantow had conceded fair value. Nevertheless, to provide context we begin our analysis by examining the statutory procedure for confirmation of sale set forth in Wis. Stat. § 846.165. Subsequently, we address the circuit court's discretion to set forth the procedure when foreclosure and a money judgment on a guaranty are brought in the same proceeding. Finally, we consider the stipulation of the parties and its effect on the amount to be credited.
A
¶32 Wisconsin Stat. § 846.165 governs the procedure for confirming a sheriff's sale of a foreclosed property. At issue here is sub. (2), which provides:
In case the mortgaged premises sell for less than the amount due and to become due on the mortgage debt and costs of sale, there shall be no presumption that such premises sold for their fair value and no sale shall be confirmed and judgment for deficiency rendered, until the court is satisfied that the fair value of the premises sold has been credited on the mortgage debt, interest and costs.
¶33 Statutory interpretation begins with the language of the statute.
State ex rel. Kalal v. Cir. Ct. for Dane Cty., 2004 WI 58, ¶45, 271 Wis. 2d 633, 681 N.W.2d 110. If the meaning of the statute is plain, we need not further the inquiry. Id.
¶34 The plain language of Wis. Stat. § 846.165(2) indicates that it does not apply to a judgment obtained against a third-party guarantor. It states that confirmation of sale cannot occur until the circuit court "is satisfied that the fair value of the premises sold has been credited on the mortgage debt, interest and costs." § 846.165(2) (emphasis added). Thus, the statute relates to the relationship between only the mortgagee and mortgagor who signed the promissory note underlying the mortgage. The "mortgage debt" referenced in the statute is not the same as the debt stemming from a third-party guaranty.
¶35 A guarantor's liability arises not from the debt itself, but from a separate guaranty contract. Bank Mut. v. S.J. Boyer Const., Inc., 2010 WI 74, ¶53, 326 Wis. 2d 521, 785 N.W.2d 462. "Therefore, although guarantors of payment are personally liable for some amount according to the terms of their guaranty contract, they are not personally liable for the debt secured by the mortgage." Id.
¶36 Because the plain language of Wis. Stat. § 846.165(2) is unambiguous, we need not pursue further inquiry. Kalal, 271 Wis. 2d 633, ¶45, 681 N.W.2d 110. We therefore conclude that § 846.165(2) does not apply to credits toward a judgment on a guaranty. Rather, it applies to the relationship between only the mortgagee and mortgagor who signed the promissory note underlying the mortgage. Accordingly, it cannot serve as authority for the proposition that, when confirming a foreclosure sale, a circuit court must also determine the amount of a credit to be applied to a judgment on a guaranty.
B
¶37 Our conclusion that Wis. Stat. § 846.165 applies to the relationship between only the mortgagee and the debt underlying the mortgage highlights the divergent tracks mortgage related determinations and guaranty related determinations may take. For example, the question of fair value for purposes of confirming the sheriff's sale pursuant to § 846.165 presents a different question than that of the credit a guarantor receives when the subject property transfers by means of a foreclosure and sale.
¶38 Those two questions are decided under separate standards. A determination that the amount of proceeds at a sheriff's sale constitutes "fair value" is subject to a "shock the conscience" standard.
See Bank of New York v. Mills, 2004 WI App 60, ¶18, 270 Wis. 2d 790, 678 N.W.2d 332. "The determination of 'fair value' identifies whether the price shocks the conscience of the court." Id.
¶39 In contrast, the amount of a credit to be due on a guaranty is strictly a matter of contract. "A guarantor's liability depends upon the particular terms of his or her engagement." Crown Life Ins. Co. v. LaBonte, 111 Wis. 2d 26, 32, 330 N.W.2d 201 (1983) (citing Continental Bank & Trust Co. v. Akwa, 58 Wis. 2d 376, 388, 206 N.W.2d 174 (1973) ).
¶40 Further reflecting that fair value in the context of Wis. Stat. § 846.165 and the credit due on a guaranty are separate issues, the amount of a credit to be applied to a guaranty may be litigated in an action wholly apart from the fair value contemplated by § 846.165.
¶41 The procedure followed in Crown Life, 111 Wis. 2d 26, 330 N.W.2d 201, is instructive here. Crown Life involved an action to collect on a contractual guaranty of a note after the mortgage that secured the debt had proceeded through foreclosure and sale and the lender had not received full payment. Id. at 30-31, 330 N.W.2d 201.
¶42 Although Musikantow, unlike the guarantor in Crown Life, was a party to the foreclosure action here, Crown Life demonstrates that the debt due under the mortgage and under the guaranty may properly follow separate tracks. See id. The two determinations need not even be part of the same action, and thus need not be made at the same time.
¶43 Our conclusion is consistent with Crown Life and with the equitable nature of foreclosure proceedings. As Crown Life illustrates, a foreclosure action against a mortgagor and a related action for money judgment on a guaranty can proceed together or separately. If a lender chooses to bring the two actions together, as was the case here, the circuit court has discretion in deciding how to most fairly determine the separate issues of (1) fair value for purposes of confirming the sale and (2) the credit to be applied to the judgment against the guarantor. The circuit court has the discretion to decide these issues at the same time or separately.
¶44 "Foreclosure proceedings are equitable in nature, and the circuit court has the equitable authority to exercise discretion throughout the proceedings." Walworth State Bank v. Abbey Springs Condominium Ass'n, Inc., 2016 WI 30, ¶24, 368 Wis. 2d 72, 878 N.W.2d 170 (quoting GMAC Mortg. Corp., 215 Wis. 2d 459, ¶37, 572 N.W.2d 466 ). In the circuit court's discretion, it could be fair to speedily confirm the sale when there will be no deficiency judgment against the mortgagor, while leaving the determination of the credit toward the guaranty for another day.
¶45 As Musikantow suggested at oral argument, specific characteristics of the subject property, in addition to other concerns, may play a role in a circuit court's determination of what is equitable under the circumstances. Because the circuit court could properly decouple the guaranty and foreclosure sale proceedings, its decision to do so was not an error of fact or law and thus its exercise of discretion was not erroneous.
¶46 We therefore conclude that when an action for foreclosure against a mortgagor and an action for a money judgment on a guaranty are brought in the same proceeding as in this case, the circuit court may, in its discretion, decide the separate questions of fair value for purposes of Wis. Stat. § 846.165 and the amount of any credit toward the judgment on the guaranty either at the same time or separately.
C
¶47 Having determined that Wis. Stat. § 846.165 does not apply and that the circuit court was within its discretion to allow the case to proceed on two separate tracks, we examine next the interpretation of the stipulation between the parties. The central question is whether the stipulation requires the $2,250,000 credit to be applied as the sole credit toward the guaranty.
¶48 All parties to this case entered into a stipulation, which the circuit court formalized through the issuance of an order. At issue here is paragraph 11 of the stipulation, which states:
The amount paid to [Horizon Bank] from the proceeds of said sale of the Premises, remaining after deduction by [Horizon Bank] of the amount of interest, fees, costs, expenses, disbursements and other charges paid or incurred by [Horizon Bank] not included in the monetary judgment against [Musikantow] (set forth below) shall be credited by [Horizon Bank] as payment on said monetary judgment.
¶49 The court of appeals found paragraph 11 of the stipulation to be clear and dispositive. In concluding that the stipulation controls the amount of the credit to be applied toward the judgment against Musikantow, the court of appeals stated:
Musikantow conceded in the circuit court that the bid price of $2,250,000 represented the fair value of the subject property, and he does not argue otherwise on appeal. The circuit court expressly found that the bid represented the property's fair value, and it therefore confirmed the sheriff's sale. Upon confirmation of sale, title to the property was transferred to Horizon Bank, and the bank therefore received 'proceeds of said sale' worth $2,250,000. Accordingly, based on the parties' stipulation and the judgment entered according to its terms, the court should have applied a $2,250,000 credit toward the judgment against Musikantow.
Horizon Bank, Nat'l Ass'n, No. 2016AP832, unpublished slip op., ¶23.
¶50 The court of appeals misinterpreted the exclusive and determinative nature of the stipulation. Although the stipulation mandates that the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale be credited on the judgment against Musikantow, it does not state that it must be the exclusive credit to be granted toward the judgment.
¶51 Contract interpretation generally seeks to give effect to the intentions of the parties. Tufail v. Midwest Hosp., LLC, 2013 WI 62, ¶25, 348 Wis. 2d 631, 833 N.W.2d 586 (citing Seitzinger v. Cmty. Health Network, 2004 WI 28, ¶22, 270 Wis. 2d 1, 676 N.W.2d 426 ). However, subjective intent is not the be-all and end-all of contract interpretation. Id., ¶25 (citing Kernz v. J.L. French Corp., 2003 WI App 140, ¶9, 266 Wis. 2d 124, 667 N.W.2d 751 ). Rather, unambiguous contract language controls the interpretation of contracts. Id. This court construes contracts as they are written. Id., ¶29.
¶52 The court of appeals implicitly concluded that the language in paragraph 11 of the stipulation was unambiguous. It determined that the stipulation provides for the "proceeds of the sale," and only the "proceeds of the sale," to be applied as a credit toward the judgment against the guarantor. See Horizon Bank, Nat'l Ass'n, No. 2016AP832, unpublished slip op., ¶24 ("the parties' stipulation requires a $2,250,000 credit toward the money judgment") (emphasis added).
¶53 Upon our independent review of the stipulation, we find it ambiguous as to the amount of the total credit. The operative portion of the stipulation provides that the proceeds of the sheriff's sale "shall be credited by [Horizon Bank] as payment on said monetary judgment" against Musikantow. It does not say that the proceeds of the sheriff's sale shall be the sole credit toward the judgment against Musikantow.
¶54 The stipulation prescribes what must be done, but it does not describe that the amount is the totality of the credit. Hence, the stipulation provides a "floor" for the amount of the credit, but not a "ceiling."
¶55 Additionally, we observe that Musikantow declined to present evidence as to the value of the property with the expectation that he would be able to later contest the amount of the credit. The record undermines the court of appeals' conclusion that Musikantow conceded the amount of the credit. As set forth above, Musikantow requested several times that his credit not be bound by the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale. Although he may have conceded the fair value for purposes of confirmation of sale, he did not concede the amount of the credit. As analyzed above, these are two separate questions.
¶56 Accordingly, we determine that the stipulation in this case does not establish that the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale shall be the sole credit toward the money judgment against Musikantow.
IV
¶57 In sum, we conclude that Wis. Stat. § 846.165 does not apply to credits toward a judgment on a guaranty. Rather, it applies to the relationship between only the mortgagee and mortgagor who signed the promissory note underlying the mortgage.
Therefore, it cannot be read as requiring the circuit court to determine the amount of a credit to be applied to a judgment on a guaranty when confirming the foreclosure sale.
¶58 We further conclude that when an action for foreclosure against a mortgagor and an action for a money judgment on a guaranty are brought in the same proceeding as in the instant case, the circuit court may, in its discretion, decide the separate questions of fair value for purposes of Wis. Stat. § 846.165 and the amount of any credit toward the judgment on the guaranty either at the same time or separately. Accordingly, the circuit court did not erroneously exercise its discretion in decoupling these questions.
¶59 Finally, we determine that the stipulation in this case does not establish that the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale shall be the sole credit toward the money judgment against Musikantow.
¶60 Accordingly, we reverse the decision of the court of appeals and remand to the circuit court for a determination of the amount of the credit to be applied toward the judgment against Musikantow as guarantor.
By the Court. -The decision of the court of appeals is reversed, and the cause remanded to the circuit court.
REBECCA GRASSL BRADLEY, J. (dissenting).
¶61 The court of appeals correctly held that the unambiguous Stipulation for Judgment and Order for Judgment and Judgment of Foreclosure and Sale and Monetary Judgment signed by Alan S. Musikantow, Marshalls Point Retreat LLC, and Horizon Bank and entered by the circuit court on September 10, 2015 ("Stipulation and Order") should be enforced. Under the Stipulation and Order, the parties agreed that Musikantow would be credited toward the judgment entered against him in the amount for which the property sold at the sheriff's sale. The majority declines to enforce the parties' agreement and instead decides the Stipulation and Order does not mean what it says.
¶62 Rather, the majority holds: (1) the Stipulation and Order contemplated only part of the credit to be applied, and (2) a circuit court presiding over a combined action for foreclosure against the mortgagor and for monetary judgment against the guarantor has the discretion to confirm the sheriff's sale without determining the guarantor's credit arising from the sale. The majority's holding ignores the fact that the Stipulation and Order-by its plain terms-resolves the entire proceeding against both Musikantow and Marshalls Point and requires the issues of "fair value" and the guarantor's credit to be resolved concurrently. The majority rewrites the parties' stipulated agreement, disregards its plain terms, and deprives one party of the benefit of the terms for which it bargained. Accordingly, I cannot join the majority's opinion.
I. BACKGROUND
A. The Facts
¶63 Marshalls Point borrowed $5 million from Horizon Bank under a Promissory Note secured by mortgaging lakefront property in Sister Bay. Musikantow individually signed a Commercial Guaranty for payment and performance on the note executed by Marshalls Point, of which he was the sole member. After Marshalls Point defaulted, Horizon Bank initiated foreclosure proceedings in Door County Circuit Court, seeking foreclosure and sale of the property and demanding a monetary judgment against Musikantow pursuant to the terms of his guaranty for $4,043,555.55. The parties stipulated to entry of judgment on September 10, 2015. The Stipulation and Order provided that Horizon Bank was owed $4,043,555.55, which was entered as the amount of the judgment against Musikantow; the premises were to be sold "at a fair and adequate price"; and the amount paid to Horizon Bank from the proceeds of the sale "shall be credited" toward the monetary judgment against Musikantow.
B. The Stipulation and Order
¶64 The Stipulation and Order is a single 10-page document with the parties' stipulation set forth on pages 1 to the top of 4 and the circuit court's Order for Judgment and Judgment set forth on pages 4 through 10. Paragraph (b) of the Stipulation and Order provides that Marshalls Point and Musikantow "each consent and agree to the Order for Judgment and Judgment of Foreclosure and Sale and Monetary Judgment ... and stipulate and agree that said Order for Judgment and Judgment of Foreclosure and Sale and Monetary Judgment ... be immediately entered...." The first paragraph of the Order for Judgment provides that "there are no issues of law or fact which have been joined which would preclude judgment for the Plaintiff in the form set forth below...."
¶65 The Stipulation and Order provides the details of how the parties would resolve Horizon Bank's claims against both Marshalls Point and Musikantow. Pursuant to paragraph (c) of the Stipulation and Order, the property would be sold under Wis. Stats. ch. 846 at a sheriff's sale. Paragraph 8 of the Stipulation and Order requires "the Premises [ ] to be sold at a fair and adequate price...." Paragraph 10 of the Stipulation and Order provides that Horizon Bank, having chosen to proceed under Wis. Stat. § 846.103, waived rights to a deficiency judgment against Marshalls Point. Paragraph (d) of the Stipulation and Order reserved to Horizon Bank "the right to a monetary judgment against the guarantor-defendant ALLEN S. MUSIKANTOW (as provided for in the Judgment), which right shall not be limited or impaired in any way by this Stipulation."
¶66 Paramount to the issue before this court, the Stipulation and Order describes in paragraph 11 the only credit Musikantow could receive from the sale of the premises:
The amount paid to [Horizon Bank] from the proceeds of said sale of the Premises, remaining after deduction by [Horizon Bank] of the amount of interest, fees, costs, expenses, disbursements and other charges paid or incurred by [Horizon Bank] not included in the monetary judgment against [Musikantow] ... shall be credited by [Horizon Bank] as payment on said monetary judgment.
(Emphasis added.)
¶67 In paragraph (f) of the Stipulation and Order, Musikantow and Marshalls Point "reserve all rights, objections and defenses available to them under Section 846.165 of the Wisconsin Statutes or other applicable law in the event [Horizon Bank] applies to the Court for confirmation of a foreclosure sale of the Premises pursuant to the Judgment." Under that statute, if the sale price is less than the amount due on the mortgage debt, the circuit court may not presume the premises sold for fair value; rather, the circuit court instead must be satisfied that the fair value of the premises is credited on the mortgage debt before confirming the sale. This procedure provides interested parties the opportunity to offer evidence in support of whatever amounts they contend reflect the fair value of the property-before the court confirms the sale. This is the right Musikantow preserved under paragraph (f) of the Stipulation and Order.
C. The Circuit Court's Errors
¶68 After successfully submitting a credit bid on the property for $2,250,000, Horizon Bank subsequently moved to confirm the sale, according to Wis. Stat. § 846.165(2) and paragraph (f) of the Stipulation and Order, asserting that the bid represented the fair value of the property. Horizon Bank also stated, in conformance with paragraphs 8 and 10 of the Stipulation and Order, that it would not seek a deficiency judgment against Marshalls Point and asked the circuit court to apply the amount of Horizon Bank's credit bid as the credit on the $4,043,555.55 monetary judgment owed by Musikantow.
¶69 Musikantow and Marshalls Point did not object that Horizon Bank's credit bid of $2,250,000 could constitute fair value, but they requested the order confirming sale include language that the sale price have no collateral estoppel or res judicata effect on Musikantow. If the order did not contain this language, Marshalls Point and Musikantow objected to that amount being credited upon the judgment against Musikantow.
¶70 The circuit court held a hearing to confirm the sheriff's sale on December 2, 2015. At that time, Marshalls Point and Musikantow disclosed a witness who was prepared to testify that the property had a market value exceeding $10,000,000. The court adjourned the hearing until December 22, 2015, in order to hear this evidence.
¶71 At the December 22nd hearing, Marshalls Point and Musikantow changed the position they took at the December 2nd hearing and asserted for the first time that the circuit court need not make an evidentiary finding regarding the property's value as to the guarantor because the guaranty contained a governing law provision providing that the guaranty is governed by "federal law applicable to the Lender and, to the extent not preempted by federal law, the laws of the State of Indiana without regard to its conflicts of law provisions." Marshalls Point and Musikantow informed the circuit court that Horizon Bank had already commenced an action in the Middle District of Florida, where Musikantow resided, to enforce the monetary judgment. Marshalls Point and Musikantow asked the circuit court to decline to set the amount to be credited against the monetary judgment and let the federal court in Florida do so.
¶72 Horizon Bank objected many times over, explaining that the federal action was solely a "domestication of the monetary judgment that this Court has already entered on the guarantee in these proceedings." Therefore, it was necessary for the circuit court to decide the amount to be credited on Musikantow's monetary judgment. In addition, Horizon Bank asserted that if Musikantow wanted to raise an issue of law that would absolve him of his liability as guarantor, he should have raised it before the monetary judgment was entered. Horizon Bank also observed that there was no issue of personal or subject matter jurisdiction that would bar the circuit court in Wisconsin from determining the credit amount to be applied toward the monetary judgment against Musikantow.
¶73 The circuit court granted Musikantow's oral motion and declined to determine the credit to be applied to the judgment against him, believing that it was "dealing with a pretty set principle that federal law always trumps state law," but ultimately and erroneously deciding that "the guarantee is to be governed by federal law," completely disregarding the Stipulation and Order. The circuit court granted Horizon Bank's motion for confirmation of the sheriff's sale, finding the credit bid of $2,250,000 "represents the fair and reasonable value for the property and based upon the stipulation of judgment of foreclosure" was to be applied to the total indebtedness due on the mortgage debt.
¶74 Subsequently, the circuit court entered two orders memorializing the oral rulings from the December 22nd hearing. In the "Order Confirming Sheriff's Sale," the circuit court confirmed the sale of the property to Horizon Bank, finding "that the amount bid by Horizon Bank, National Association for the purchase of the mortgaged premises represents the fair value of said premises...." The circuit court crossed out the final paragraph of the order, which stated:
After application to the Judgment indebtedness of the amount bid at sheriff's sale of $2,250,000, there remains due under the Judgment entered against Allen S. Musikantow the sum of $1,869,460.70, as of November 4, 2015 together with subsequently accruing interest, fees and costs.
¶75 In its second order, entered on January 22, 2016, the circuit court "grant[ed] the motion of Allen S. Musikantow to decline to make a finding of the amount to be credited against the judgment of Horizon Bank, National Association against [Musikantow] as guarantor" "in light of the language in the Guaranty document indicating that it is to be governed by Federal Law." The court ordered that it "will, if required by a Federal Court, make a determination as to such amount to be credited against the judgment of Horizon Bank, National Association against [Musikantow]." Horizon Bank appealed.
¶76 The court of appeals reversed the circuit court's decision and remanded with instructions to credit Musikantow $2,250,000, the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale. Horizon Bank, Nat'l Ass'n v. Marshalls Point Retreat LLC, No. 2016AP832, unpublished slip op., ¶2, 373 Wis.2d 767, 2017 WL 389395 (Wis. Ct. App. Jan. 24, 2017)
(per curiam). The court of appeals concluded the circuit court misinterpreted the governing law provision, which simply indicates which jurisdiction's substantive law governs the guaranty, but does not restrict the court's subject matter or personal jurisdiction over the case. Id., ¶20. It held the circuit court erred by refusing to determine the amount of credit because there was no reason why the circuit court could not apply whatever law was appropriate and determine the correct credit to apply toward the judgment against Musikantow. Id.
¶77 The court of appeals then determined, as agreed by all of the parties under the Stipulation and Order, that $2,250,000 should be applied as the credit toward the monetary judgment against Musikantow. Id., ¶21. It concluded "[t]he only reasonable interpretation of the phrase 'the amount paid to Horizon Bank from the proceeds of said sale of the Premises' is that it refers to the amount of the winning bid at the sheriff's sale." Id., ¶22. Musikantow conceded in the circuit court that this amount represented fair value and accordingly should be credited to the monetary judgment against Musikantow. Id., ¶23. While the court of appeals recognized that the governing law clause in Musikantow's guaranty provided for "federal law and, to the extent not preempted by federal law, ... Indiana law," it noted that Musikantow failed to cite any law contrary to the Stipulation and Order's requirement to credit him $2,250,000 and no other amount. Id., ¶24.
¶78 Musikantow moved for reconsideration, arguing that he was prepared to challenge the fair value of the property, but did not present the evidence because the circuit court agreed that the amount of his credit would not be tied to the fair value finding. The court of appeals denied the motion for reconsideration. This court granted Musikantow's petition for review.
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
¶79 The majority's primary error arises from its misapplication of the erroneous exercise of discretion standard. The court was tasked with addressing whether the circuit court erroneously exercised its discretion when it decoupled the determination of the credit to be applied to the guarantor's obligation from the underlying mortgage foreclosure action against the debtor, in spite of the Stipulation and Order resolving the claims against both. This court will uphold a circuit court's exercise of discretion if the circuit court "exercised its discretion in accordance with accepted legal standards and in accordance with the facts of record." State v. Wollman, 86 Wis. 2d 459, 464, 273 N.W.2d 225 (1979) (citation omitted). "If there was a reasonable basis for the court's determination, then we will not find an erroneous exercise of discretion." State v. Hammer, 2000 WI 92, ¶21, 236 Wis. 2d 686, 613 N.W.2d 629 (citation omitted). I conclude the circuit court erroneously exercised its discretion by not following the parties' stipulation or its own order.
¶80 The majority's secondary error arises from its failure to properly set forth and apply the law regarding the interpretation of stipulations. See majority op., ¶¶52-54. This court comprehensively explained the standards for construing stipulations in Stone v. Acuity, 2008 WI 30, ¶67, 308 Wis. 2d 558, 747 N.W.2d 149. We review the interpretation of a stipulation de novo. Id., ¶21. The "interpretation of a stipulation must, above all, give effect to the intention of the parties." Id., ¶67 (quoting Pierce v. Physicians Ins. Co. of Wis., Inc., 2005 WI 14, ¶31, 278 Wis. 2d 82, 692 N.W.2d 558 ). To determine the parties' intent, the stipulation's terms "should be given their plain or ordinary meaning." Id. (quoting Huml v. Vlazny, 2006 WI 87, ¶52, 293 Wis. 2d 169, 716 N.W.2d 807 ). "While relief from stipulations is governed by Wis. Stat. § 806.07, principles of contract law apply in interpreting stipulations." Id. (citing Kocinski v. Home Ins. Co., 154 Wis. 2d 56, 67-68, 452 N.W.2d 360 (1990) ). "If the agreement is not ambiguous, ascertaining the parties' intent 'ends with the four corners of the contract, without consideration of extrinsic evidence.' " Id. (quoting Huml, 293 Wis. 2d 169, ¶52, 716 N.W.2d 807 ). Terms of a stipulation are ambiguous if "reasonably or fairly susceptible to more than one construction." Id., ¶86 (Roggensack, J., concurring in part, dissenting in part) (quoting Flejter v. Estate of Flejter, 2001 WI App 26, ¶28, 240 Wis. 2d 401, 623 N.W.2d 552 ).
¶81 The fact that a stipulation "appears by hindsight to have been a bad bargain is not sufficient by itself to warrant relief." Pasternak v. Pasternak, 14 Wis. 2d 38, 46, 109 N.W.2d 511 (1961). Rather, a court will decline to enforce an unambiguous stipulation only in two instances: (1) where it was not "formalized in the way required by sec. 807.05," Kocinski, 154 Wis. 2d at 67, 452 N.W.2d 360 (citation omitted); or (2) "in a plain case of fraud, mistake, or oppression," Illinois Steel Co. v. Warras, 141 Wis. 119, 125, 123 N.W. 656 (1909) ; see also Burmeister v. Vondrachek, 86 Wis. 2d 650, 664, 273 N.W.2d 242 (1979) (first citing Wis. Stat. § 806.07(1) (1978-79); then citing Pasternak, 14 Wis. 2d at 38, 109 N.W.2d 511 ; then citing State ex rel. S. Colonization Co. v. Cir. Ct. of St. Croix County, 187 Wis. 1, 203 N.W. 923 (1925) ). Neither party asserts the Stipulation and Order suffers from either infirmity, and because the Stipulation and Order is not ambiguous, the circuit court was required to enforce it. Its failure to do so was erroneous.
III. ANALYSIS
A. The Circuit Court Erroneously Exercised its Discretion by Failing to Apply the Stipulation and Order.
¶82 The Stipulation and Order effectuated a global resolution of Horizon Bank's foreclosure and monetary judgment claims against Marshalls Point and Musikantow, respectively. A plain-meaning interpretation of the Stipulation and Order required the circuit court to apply the credit toward the monetary judgment against Musikantow in an amount equal to the proceeds of the sale of the property, unless Musikantow successfully argued the sale price did not accurately reflect fair value. Here, the proceeds were in the form of Horizon Bank's credit bid. The circuit court should have flatly rejected Musikantow's last hour choice of law argument because the Stipulation and Order, executed in Wisconsin, nullified the guaranty's choice of law provision. The majority errs in concluding that the circuit court's decision to "decouple" the guaranty and foreclosure sale proceedings "was not an error of fact or law and thus its exercise of discretion was not erroneous." Majority op., ¶45.
¶83 By sanctioning the circuit court's actions, the majority overlooks the two false premises underlying the circuit court's decision: First, the circuit court inexplicably imported the governing law provision from the guaranty into the Stipulation and Order. The circuit court failed to recognize that the terms and conditions of the guaranty no longer applied once the parties entered into the Stipulation and Order to resolve their dispute. Second, the federal court in which Horizon Bank filed the domestication action lacked any power whatsoever to determine fair value, and could only enforce the judgment against Musikantow.
¶84 As noted by the court of appeals, there was both a forum selection clause in the guaranty providing that litigation was to be venued in LaPorte County, Indiana, and a governing law provision providing that federal law or, unless preempted, Indiana law applied to the interpretation of the guaranty. Despite these provisions, Horizon Bank filed its complaint in Wisconsin and Musikantow raised no objection until after the Stipulation and Order was executed by the parties and entered by the court. Thus, the circuit court had jurisdiction over the entire proceeding by virtue of the parties stipulating to settlement of the matter in Wisconsin Circuit Court. When the parties reached a stipulated settlement, there was no reason to interpret the guaranty any longer, so the choice of law provision became irrelevant. Unless Musikantow established that the Stipulation and Order was entered into under fraud, mistake, or oppression, he was not entitled to relief from it. See supra ¶81 (first citing Illinois Steel Co., 141 Wis. at 125, 123 N.W. 656 ; then citing Burmeister, 86 Wis. 2d at 664, 273 N.W.2d 242 ). The Stipulation and Order superseded the guaranty not only on the issues of choice of law and venue but in its entirety, and the Stipulation and Order constituted the parties' exclusive agreement on the terms governing application of any credit toward the monetary judgment against Musikantow.
¶85 As to the circuit court's second false premise, it failed to comprehend the purpose of the domestication action in the United States Court for the Middle District of Florida. That proceeding was commenced solely to enforce the judgment entered by the Wisconsin Circuit Court against Musikantow. The action was filed in Florida federal district court on the basis of diversity of citizenship. The Florida district court lacked jurisdiction to resolve the credit issue; its singular power in the domestication action was to make enforceable in Florida the monetary judgment entered in Wisconsin. See Trauger v. A.J. Spagnol Lumber Co., 442 So.2d 182, 183 (Fla. 1983) ("An action to recover on a foreign judgment is completely independent from the original cause of action. It is the judgment from the other state which forms the basis for the cause of action, and the validity of the claim on which the foreign judgment was entered is not open to inquiry."). ¶86 These are basic principles of contract and civil procedure law. The circuit court's failure to recognize and apply them was clearly erroneous. It is unclear whether Musikantow's arguments on these matters arose from trial counsel's strategy or mistake. Regardless, his arguments inducing the circuit court to decline to determine Musikantow's credit cannot now give his client the opportunity to recontest fair value. Musikantow contends that denying him another chance to litigate the fair value of the property would offend procedural due process. However, procedural due process simply requires notice and an opportunity to be heard. Sweet v. Berge, 113 Wis. 2d 61, 64, 334 N.W.2d 559 (Ct. App. 1983) (citation omitted). Here, Musikantow had both.
¶87 Musikantow explicitly reserved rights to litigate fair value prior to confirmation of the sheriff's sale under Wis. Stat. § 846.165, per paragraph (f) of the Stipulation and Order. Paragraph 8 of the Stipulation and Order required the premises "to be sold at a fair and adequate price." In the Order Confirming Sheriff's Sale, the circuit court found "that the amount bid by Horizon Bank, National Association for the purchase of the mortgaged premises represents the fair value of said premises." If Musikantow disagreed, he should have contested this before the circuit court instead of just talking about doing so. His failure to present testimony or any evidence on fair value in any respect constitutes a waiver of the rights he reserved under the Stipulation and Order. See Brunton v. Nuvell Credit Corp., 2010 WI 50, ¶35, 325 Wis. 2d 135, 785 N.W.2d 302 ("waiver is the intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right" (quoting State v. Ndina, 2009 WI 21, ¶29, 315 Wis. 2d 653, 761 N.W.2d 612 ) ). By declining to apply any credit to the monetary judgment against Musikantow based on Musikantow's argument that this determination needed to be made in federal court, the circuit court failed to correctly apply the law, the parties' agreement, and its own order.
¶88 Ignoring the fact that the Stipulation and Order resolved all of the parties' claims and defenses, the majority extends the circuit court's error by permitting the proceedings against the guarantor and mortgagor to be decoupled: "Further reflecting that fair value in the context of Wis. Stat. § 846.165 and the credit due on a guaranty are separate issues, the amount of a credit to be applied to a guaranty may be litigated in an action wholly apart from the fair value contemplated by § 846.165." Majority op., ¶40. All of this is true, as a general proposition. In so holding in this case, however, the majority rewrites the terms of the Stipulation and Order by excising the stipulated terms and conditions governing the calculation of the monetary judgment against Musikantow. The majority also misconstrues McFarland State Bank v. Sherry, 2012 WI App 4, 338 Wis. 2d 462, 809 N.W.2d 58, a case wholly consistent with the terms of the Stipulation and Order and also instructive on the issue of decoupling mortgage foreclosure and guaranty proceedings generally.
¶89 In McFarland, a bank successfully submitted a credit bid and acquired the mortgaged property at a sheriff's sale. Id., ¶1. A monetary judgment was entered against the guarantor for the remaining balance on the loan. Id. In the order confirming the sale, the circuit court found the property had a fair value of $147,000. Id., ¶5. The guarantor argued he was entitled to an offset against the monetary judgment in that amount. Id., ¶12. Among the bank's arguments, it cited Crown Life Ins. Co. v. LaBonte, for the proposition that the fair value finding should not fix the amount of the offset; instead, "the circuit court could find a different value of the property, perhaps relying on additional evidence, for purposes of determining what [the guarantor's] offset should be." Id., ¶29. The court of appeals rejected this argument, instead requiring that the confirmed sale price be applied as the credit to the guarantor. Id., ¶31. It held that Crown Life did not "stand[ ] for the proposition" that a guarantor could be credited in an amount different from the fair value finding because "the trial court's use of that approach was not at issue before the supreme court." Id., ¶29-30. Moreover, the holding in Crown Life was inapplicable in McFarland because "the guarantor in Crown Life , unlike [the guarantor in McFarland ], was not a party to the foreclosure proceedings." Id., ¶30. As a result, the guarantor in Crown Life , unlike the guarantor in McFarland-or Musikantow in this case-did not have the same opportunity to contest a fair value finding tied to the amount of the credit bid.
¶90 Under McFarland, where the guarantor is a party to the mortgage foreclosure proceedings, "it does not make sense" to "calculate[ ] a guarantor's liability based on a property value different than the price for which the property originally sold at a sheriff's sale." Id., ¶30. In this context, the fair value determination applies against both the guarantor and the mortgagor. No issues with due process arise because the guarantor is a party to the proceeding and can also litigate fair value alongside the mortgagor. While McFarland does not control the disposition of this case-the Stipulation and Order does-it is not a leap of logic to infer that parties negotiating settlement agreements under comparable facts rely on pertinent case law in crafting them. Here, the procedure for determining fair value tracks the rationale explained in McFarland for tying the sheriff's sale proceeds to the offset applied in the guarantor's favor-subject to the guarantor's ability to offer evidence supporting a different fair value before confirmation of the sale.
¶91 In distinguishing McFarland , the majority instead relies on Crown Life to support its conclusion that "the debt due under the mortgage and under the guaranty may properly follow separate tracks." Majority op., ¶42. However, as noted in McFarland , the guarantor in Crown Life -unlike the guarantor in McFarland -was not a party to the foreclosure proceedings. Unlike this case, in Crown Life there was no global settlement of the foreclosure action and the action on the guaranty, which proceeded independently and were resolved separately, the latter via a court trial. Accordingly, Crown Life lends support only to the conclusion that these two actions may proceed separately. But that unremarkable notion does not afford the circuit court the discretion to disregard the terms negotiated by the parties, set forth in a written stipulation and order, and entered by the court as a final judgment resolving all claims and defenses between the mortgagor, the bank, and the guarantor. Even the broad powers of a court acting in equity do not give a court such authority. A stipulation "is entitled to all the sanctity of any other [contract], and, when on the faith of it the parties have so acted in execution thereof that the status quo cannot be re-established as to one of them, it is only in a plain case of fraud, mistake, or oppression that the court should set it aside." Illinois Steel Co., 141 Wis. at 125, 123 N.W. 656. The majority nevertheless invokes a circuit court's equitable powers to set aside a stipulated settlement of equitable and contract claims, to ignore the Stipulation and Order's terms, and to decide the already-settled issues as the court wished rather than as the parties agreed. Why would any similarly-situated parties ever settle such claims if the court may act on whim?
¶92 By ignoring McFarland and casting aside the Stipulation and Order, the majority, under the guise of equity, jettisons fundamental rules governing the interpretation of stipulations and civil procedure that previously informed settlements of the sort reached by the parties in this case. See majority op., ¶44. This ruling is without precedent but now puts lenders, debtors and guarantors on notice that even a stipulated settlement, signed court order, and entered judgment will not bind a court to its terms but may be disregarded and rewritten by the circuit court.
B. The Stipulation and Order is Not Ambiguous Regarding the Amount Musikantow Will Be Credited on the Monetary Judgment.
¶93 The majority's interpretation of the Stipulation and Order regarding the amount to be credited to Musikantow against the monetary judgment is incorrect. Paragraph 11 dictates how Musikantow is to be credited for the value from the sale of the premises acquired by Horizon Bank:
The amount paid to [Horizon Bank] from the proceeds of said sale of the Premises, remaining after deduction by [Horizon Bank] of the amount of interest, fees, costs, expenses, disbursements and other charges paid or incurred by [Horizon Bank] not included in the monetary judgment against [Musikantow] (set forth below) shall be credited by [Horizon Bank] as payment on said monetary judgment.
The majority says this paragraph is ambiguous because it could reasonably be interpreted to mean the proceeds from the sale established the minimum amount of Musikantow's credit. Majority op., ¶¶48-51. I disagree.
¶94 When read in the context of the Stipulation and Order, there is no reasonable alternative reading of paragraph 11's language-"proceeds of said sale ... shall be credited ... as payment on said monetary judgment"-except that Musikantow receives the $2,250,000 credit on the monetary judgment. The majority does not offer any reasonable alternative, nor does it employ any discernable principles of contract interpretation. See majority op., ¶¶54-56.
Rather, the majority simply regards this phrase as open-ended-"the floor"-thereby entitling Musikantow to a credit on the monetary judgment in some amount greater than the $2,250,000 credit bid by Horizon Bank. This conclusory assumption loses sight of the fact that paragraph 11 is part of a Stipulation and Order that resolves all claims and defenses between the parties. The Stipulation and Order directs a sheriff's sale of the premises for a "fair and adequate price" (paragraph 8); preserves Musikantow's rights to contest court confirmation of the sale (paragraph (f) ); and mandates Musikantow be credited the amount paid to Horizon Bank from the proceeds of the sale as payment on the monetary judgment against him (paragraph 11). There is no provision whatsoever permitting the court to "leav[e] the determination of the credit toward the guaranty for another day." Majority, ¶44.
¶95 The negative implication canon-expressio unius est exclusio alterius-is especially instructive here. "Under this principle, a specific mention in a contract of one or more matters is considered to exclude other matters of the same nature or class not expressly mentioned, even when all such matters would have been inferred had none been expressed." Goebel v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n of Racine, 83 Wis. 2d 668, 673, 266 N.W.2d 352 (1978) (citations omitted). Essentially, the canon provides that the thing specified "can reasonably be thought to be an expression of all that shares in the grant or prohibition allowed." Antonin Scalia & Bryan A. Garner, Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts 107 (2012).
¶96 Here, paragraph 11 is the sole and specific mention in the Stipulation and Order of how much Musikantow will be credited on the monetary judgment. Paragraph 11 excludes alternative means by which Musikantow can be credited on the monetary judgment. It does not contain inclusive language (for example, "not limited to," "including," "such as," "at least," et cetera), an integrated list of items to be credited, or any language that would indicate Musikantow is entitled to be credited more than the "proceeds of said sale" of the mortgaged property.
¶97 The majority asserts that "[t]he stipulation prescribes what must be done, but it does not describe that the amount is the totality of the credit." Majority op., ¶54. The negative implication canon rhetorically responds: "Does not the act of prescribing the mode, necessarily imply a prohibition to all other modes?"
Scalia & Garner, supra ¶35, at 109-10 (quoting South Carolina ex rel M'Cready v. Hunt, 20 S.C.L. (2 Hill 1), 230 (S.C. Ct. App. 1834) ). Here, solely prescribing the mode and extent of crediting Musikantow from the "proceeds of said sale" works to exclude all other modes and amounts of credit.
¶98 Regardless of the pervasive invocations of equity by the majority, the Stipulation and Order governs all issues presented. Enforcing this agreement is entirely dispositive of Musikantow's appeal. The Stipulation and Order is unambiguous and its terms provide the singular means by which Musikantow will be credited for "payment on said monetary judgment": the "proceeds of said sale," specifically $2,250,000.
IV
¶99 The majority incorrectly invokes equity to trump the terms and conditions of a valid and enforceable Stipulation and Order. The majority unwinds the Stipulation and Order, and "decouples" the contract claim against Musikantow from the foreclosure claim against Marshalls Point. The Stipulation and Order mandates that Musikantow receive no more credit than the "proceeds of said sale," which was the amount of the $2,250,000 credit bid, yet the majority allows Musikantow to return to the circuit court to relitigate an issue he waived by declining to exercise the rights he reserved under the Stipulation and Order. The court of appeals decision was correct and I would affirm. Because equity may not override the terms of a stipulation and order for judgment, I respectfully dissent.
Horizon Bank, Nat'l Ass'n v. Marshalls Point Retreat LLC, No. 2016AP832, unpublished slip op., 373 Wis.2d 767, 2017 WL 389395 (Wis. Ct. App. Jan. 24, 2017) (per curiam) (reversing order of circuit court for Door County, D.T. Ehlers, Judge).
Wis. Stat. § 846.165 provides in relevant part:
(1) No sale on a judgment of mortgage foreclosure shall be confirmed unless 5 days' notice has been given to all parties that have appeared in the action.... and the notice shall state, in addition to other matter required by law, the amount of the judgment, the amount realized upon the sale, the amount for which personal judgment will be sought against the several parties naming them, and the time and place of hearing.
(2) In case the mortgaged premises sell for less than the amount due and to become due on the mortgage debt and costs of sale, there shall be no presumption that such premises sold for their fair value and no sale shall be confirmed and judgment for deficiency rendered, until the court is satisfied that the fair value of the premises sold has been credited on the mortgage debt, interest and costs (emphasis added).
All subsequent references to the Wisconsin statutes are to the 2015-16 version unless otherwise indicated.
The property at issue is an 8,738 square foot house situated on 21.20 acres with 797 feet of frontage along Lake Michigan.
See Wis. Stat. § 846.165(2) ("In case the mortgaged premises sell for less than the amount due and to become due on the mortgage debt and costs of sale, there shall be no presumption that such premises sold for their fair value and no sale shall be confirmed and judgment for deficiency rendered, until the court is satisfied that the fair value of the premises sold has been credited on the mortgage debt, interest and costs").
A waiver of a deficiency judgment against Marshalls Point does not preclude Horizon Bank from seeking payment from Musikantow. Indeed, a deficiency judgment cannot be granted against a guarantor because the guarantor's debt is pursuant to a contract apart from the promissory note. Stellmacher v. Union Mortg. Loan Co., 195 Wis. 635, 637, 219 N.W. 343 (1928).
The circuit court's belief in this regard was incorrect. Horizon Bank later filed a motion to dismiss the Florida action, which was granted. The amount of the credit was never determined by the Florida court.
Horizon Bank's position that a circuit court must determine the amount of a credit to be applied to a judgment on a guaranty during a hearing to confirm a foreclosure sale raises significant due process concerns. There is no statutory requirement that a guarantor receive notice of the confirmation hearing. Wisconsin Stat. § 846.165(1) requires notice "to all parties that have appeared in the action." Because a mortgagee can pursue foreclosure without ever joining the guarantor, the guarantor may never appear in the action and consequently may not receive notice of the hearing. Without statutorily-required notice, guarantors can be deprived of the ability to challenge the fair value of the property and thus be saddled with a credit amount they did not have the opportunity to contest.
Admittedly, an action based on a guaranty is a matter of contract and not equity. Nevertheless, because the actions were brought together, the exercise of the circuit court's equitable powers in the foreclosure proceeding can affect the action on the guaranty.
Although the circuit court's belief that the Florida court would decide the amount of the credit was ultimately incorrect, the circuit court was within its discretion to leave open the possibility of later deciding the amount of the credit itself. As explained above, such a decoupling of the confirmation of sale and the credit determination is within the circuit court's discretion.
The dissent's concern about dire consequences occasioned by the majority opinion misses an essential point. See dissent, ¶¶91 n.9, 92. It ignores that our conclusion is based on the interpretation of the particular stipulation at issue here. Contrary to the dissent's assertion, our determination does not upset the parties' reasonable expectations. Conversely, our decision should serve to drive banks and guarantors to write clearer stipulations that unambiguously reflect their intentions if they truly intend to resolve the full credit amount by stipulation.
Contrary to the suggestion of the dissent, McFarland State Bank v. Sherry, 2012 WI App 4, 338 Wis. 2d 462, 809 N.W.2d 58, does not control the interpretation of the stipulation. First, the McFarland State Bank court did not interpret contract language like that at issue here. Second, the lender in McFarland State Bank argued that the guarantor should receive a credit less than the fair value amount determined at the confirmation of sale. Id., ¶¶29-30.
The court of appeals rejected this argument, but did not conclude that a guarantor's credit must always be equal to the circuit court's fair value determination at the confirmation of sale. This is entirely consistent with our determination that the stipulation language in this case constitutes a "floor" but not a "ceiling" for the credit amount.
The Stipulation signed by the parties is arranged in lettered paragraphs, while the Order for Judgment signed by the circuit court is arranged in numbered paragraphs.
Wisconsin Stat. § 846.103(1) provides for a redemption period prior to a foreclosure sale. Section 846.103(2) provides for a reduced redemption period when a plaintiff in a foreclosure action "elect[s] by express allegation in the complaint to waive judgment for any deficiency which may remain due to the plaintiff after sale of the mortgaged premises against every party who is personally liable for the debt secured by the mortgage...." A plaintiff that waives a deficiency judgment does not "forfeit the right to obtain a judgment against a guarantor of payment" because "guarantors are not parties 'personally liable for the debt secured by the mortgage.' " Bank Mut. v. S.J. Boyer Const., Inc., 2010 WI 74, ¶77, 326 Wis. 2d 521, 785 N.W.2d 462.
Wisconsin Stat. § 846.165 provides the means by which the parties to a foreclosure action can apply for confirmation of sale and a deficiency judgment. Subsection (1) entitles parties appearing in the action to prior notice of confirmation of sale proceedings. Subsection (2) provides:
In case the mortgaged premises sell for less than the amount due and to become due on the mortgage debt and costs of sale, there shall be no presumption that such premises sold for their fair value and no sale shall be confirmed and judgment for deficiency rendered, until the court is satisfied that the fair value of the premises sold has been credited on the mortgage debt, interest and costs.
Fair value is not the same as fair market value, but rather is "a value determined by the property's sale value." Bank of New York v. Mills, 2004 WI App 60, ¶10, 270 Wis. 2d 790, 678 N.W.2d 332 (citing First Fin. Sav. Ass'n v. Spranger, 156 Wis. 2d 440, 444, 456 N.W.2d 897 (1990) ). In the context of a sheriff's sale, the circuit court will confirm the sale and accept the winning bid as the fair value so long as that price is of "such reasonable value as does not shock the conscience of the court." First Wis. Nat'l Bank of Oshkosh v. KSW Invs., Inc., 71 Wis. 2d 359, 367, 238 N.W.2d 123 (1976) (citation omitted). "[M]ere inadequacy of price is not usually sufficient grounds of itself for vacating a judicial sale ... unless the inadequacy is so gross as to shock the conscience and raise a presumption of fraud, unfairness, or mistake." Gumz v. Chickering, 19 Wis. 2d 625, 635, 121 N.W.2d 279 (1963) (citing Anthony Grignano Co. v. Gooch, 259 Wis. 138, 47 N.W.2d 895 (1951) ). Where the mortgagee waives any deficiency judgment against the mortgagor, such waiver creates a presumption that the court's fair value determination is correct. Bank of New York, 270 Wis. 2d 790, ¶15, 678 N.W.2d 332. Regardless of whether the presumption of correctness arises or not, "[t]he statute does not eliminate the requirement that the court find 'fair value.' " Id.
When a lender bids on property at a sheriff's sale, the amount it successfully bids is the price "paid" for the property because it is required to offset the amount bid against the amount owed by the mortgagor or, as in this case where the deficiency is waived, against the guarantor. McFarland State Bank v. Sherry, 2012 WI App 4, ¶5 n.1, 338 Wis. 2d 462, 809 N.W.2d 58.
At no point, until the December 22nd confirmation of sale hearing, did any party dispute either the application of Wisconsin law or venue.
A governing law provision permits parties to "expressly agree that the law of a particular jurisdiction shall control their contractual relations." Bush v. Nat'l Sch. Studios, Inc., 139 Wis. 2d 635, 642, 407 N.W.2d 883 (1987) ; see also Choice-of-law clause, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014) ("A contractual provision by which the parties designate the jurisdiction whose law will govern any disputes that may arise between the parties."). By contrast, a forum selection or choice of venue clause permits parties to choose the forum in which to litigate their claims. See Beilfuss v. Huffy Corp., 2004 WI App 118, ¶¶7-8, 274 Wis. 2d 500, 685 N.W.2d 373 ; see also Forum-selection clause, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014) ("A contractual provision in which the parties establish the place (such as the country, state, or type of court) for specified litigation between them.").
See also Stefan A. Riesenfeld, Creditors' Remedies and the Conflict of Laws-Part One: Individual Collection of Claims, 60 Colum. L. Rev. 659, 681 n.12 (1960) ("The term 'domesticated foreign judgment' is employed to designate out-of-state judgments that by some step short of an action on the foreign judgment resulting in a domestic judgment have become assimilated to domestic judgments for purposes of enforcement.").
111 Wis. 2d 26, 32, 330 N.W.2d 201 (1983).
The majority's disposition of this case impacts not only these parties but potentially all lenders and borrowers. As correctly noted by the amicus curiae, Wisconsin Bankers Association, the uncertainty generated by the majority's decision to disturb the reasonable expectation that the parties' contract would be enforced may increase the cost of lending, which basic economic principles suggest will be passed on to borrowers rather than borne by lenders.
| CASELAW |
Rupesh Kumar Singh
Rupesh Kumar Singh is a journalist from Jharkhand who is known for his reporting on Human rights violation and persecution of tribal people. In 2021 during the Pegasus Project revelations in India his phone number (including those of his two family members ) were found in the list of potential targets for state surveillance by Pegasus (spyware). Rupesh claimed that the Union government of India had been targeting him for his reporting on violence by the security forces against the tribal people. He along with four other journalists targeted by the spyware moved the Supreme Court of India, seeking a mechanism for judicial oversight and punishments for the officials involved.
Personal life
Rupesh is married to Ipsa Shatakshi who is a social activist working on tribal issues. She and her sister were also targeted by the Pegasus spyware.
Pegasus spyware
Rupesh reported on the displacement of tribals, suppression of tribal rights and the arrest of the tribals on false charges after branding them Maoists. He believed his reporting made him the target of surveillance by Pegasus software and also led to his arrest by the Bihar Police in June 2019 under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). Rupesh alleged that the security forces had tried to coax him to stop reporting, after failing to convince him they planted gelatin sticks and detonators in his car in his presence and then arrested him for the same. Bihar police failed to file a chargesheet in his case even after the completion of stipulated 180 days since the filing of the complaint. He spent six months in jail and was released on bail in December 2019 from the Gaya jail since no chargesheet was filed.
Arresting
On 17 July 2022, Singh was arrested by Jharkhand Police from his residence in Ramgarh district. His laptop phones among other belongings were also seized. His wife Shatakshi said that Singh was being targeted as he had recently published reports on morbidity in villages due to industrial pollutants. | WIKI |
Talk:Amiya Kumar Bagchi
A Photograph and an introduction to Bagchi's contributions needed
It will be great if somebody can supply a photograph of Prof Bagchi. Further, I have edited the introductory part to make his politico-ideological inclinations more explicit, which is, as it seems to me, somewhat discarded when he is called an economist. On the other hand, the designation of "political economist" is more inclusive, which allows us to include his interdisciplinary contributions - economic, statistical, political, sociological and historical contributions. Also, let us try to do the summaries of his major works and contributions.Kumarilabhatta 14:28, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
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Pustularia mauiensis
Pustularia mauiensis is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.
* Subspecies :
* Pustularia mauiensis mauiensis (Burgess, 1967)
* Pustularia mauiensis wattsi Lorenz, 2000 - occurs off Hawaii.
Description
The length of the shell attains 11.6 mm. It is a grazer on algae.
Distribution
Like its subspecies, Pustularia mauinesis occurs off Hawaii. | WIKI |
Noncommutative computer algebra with applications in algebraic analysis
Aachen / Publikationsserver der RWTH Aachen University (2013, 2014) [Dissertation / PhD Thesis]
Page(s): X, 190 S.
Abstract
After giving a careful introduction to (noncommutative) computer algebra, we present an algorithm for the elimination of variables from arbitrary G-algebras via Gröbner bases if the Elimination Lemma is applicable. With this algorithm, we automate the process of checking for a certain necessary property of a subalgebra, finding an elimination ordering, performing the Gröbner basis computation and intersecting the result with the subalgebra. Then we apply this algorithm to the computation of preimages of (left) ideals under homomorphisms of G-algebras, resulting in an enhancement of Levandovskyy's approach. Moreover, we generalize an idea by Noro to solve the problem of intersecting an ideal in an Ore localization of a G-algebra with a principal subalgebra, provided that the intersection is a priori known to be nontrivial. Further, we study the zeroth graded component of Kashiwara's and Malgrange's V-filtration on the n-th Weyl algebra. Under the condition, that the considered weight vector has identical entries, we show, that this component viewed as an algebra is isomorphic to a quotient of the universal enveloping algebra of the general linear Lie algebra and we determine explicitly the set of generators of the respective ideal. We also establish the Gel'fand-Kirillov dimension of the zeroth graded component by two distinct methods, a computer algebraic one and a ring theoretic one. Then we discuss operators satisfying Bernstein's functional equation and derive a necessary, purely commutative criterion for the existence of a Bernstein operator of a given order. We present and enhance a new method to compute Bernstein data, which, in contrast to the existing approaches, relies only on standard basis computations in commutative rings. Moreover, we require only about half of the number of variables compared to the known algorithms and thus, we seriously reduce the theoretic complexity of the computation of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial. In addition, we are able to treat the global and local situations almost identically. We convert our approach to compute Bernstein data to obtain a method to compute s-parametric annihilators up to a specified order. Another modification allows to compute the whole tower of annihilators up to a given order. These two algorithms also work over a commutative polynomial ring. Further, we give a general idea for a proof to a conjecture by Ucha-Enriquez and point out the missing link for a special case by elementary means. We also take a step towards a general solution by formulating (and proving) a general formula for the action of a linear differential operator with polynomial coefficients on products of symbolic powers of polynomials. By applying our results concerning the zeroth graded component of the V-filtration, we obtain an enhanced model for the D-module setting for affine algebraic varieties, which again reduces the theoretical complexity of the known approaches by a huge amount.Finally, we utilize Tsai's algorithm for the computation of the Weyl closure to construct a new algorithm to compute full s-parametric annihilators as well as one to compute the annihilator of the exponential functions of the inverse of a polynomial, which up to now seems to be the only known general method to solve this task.
Authors
Authors
Andres, Wolf Daniel
Advisors
Zerz, Eva
Identifier
• URN: urn:nbn:de:hbz:82-opus-49285
• REPORT NUMBER: RWTH-CONV-143884 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Soles4Souls
User:Psucarrierae/Soles4Souls → Soles4Souls – Requesting move from save space to main. This is a new article, completely written by me, and thoroughly sourced. I am not sure why I am blocked from moving it myself, so I am requesting that someone else move it please. Psucarrierae (talk) 07:35, 25 August 2011 (UTC)
=
Requested changes
My name is Jamie and I work for Soles4Souls. I would like to suggest the current page be stubbed, because almost all of the current content is unsourced or poorly-sourced:
* The "Beginnings" section's only citation is to a "brand contributor" guest post at Forbes.
* The "Micro-enterprise" section's only citation is to the Soles4Souls website itself.
* The "Partner organizations" section's only citations are press releases and broken links.
* The "Celebrity Involvement" section's only citations are broken links, short blurbs, the Soles4Souls website, etc.
* The Lead's only citations are to Soles4Souls' own website.
I plan to rebuild the page using proper citations and neutral content, but wanted to request trims first to break up my request into smaller pieces and show why I propose replacing the content to better conform to Wikipedia's rules. Jamiemellis (talk) 18:41, 25 February 2021 (UTC)
It sounds like a good direction to move in. Are you sure that your preferred way is to start by reducing it to a stub? If so, and if there are no objections from others, I'd be happy to do that if you intend to work on it in the near future. Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 16:17, 26 March 2021 (UTC)
* I'd like to propose this draft as a replacement for the current page. I just thought it would be easier for the responding editor to see what is problematic about the current content before I propose replacing it. Let me know what you think. Jamiemellis (talk) 20:11, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
* I took a quick look at it. Not to see that it had no issues, but instead for these two things:
* Is it an improvement compared to the current article? I think yes, both for content and wiki-compliance.
* Does it have any big problems? I spotted one possible one. It says some pretty rough stuff about the previous CEO. Per WP:BLP you need to be very cautions about that and also have really strong sourcing for whatever you put in there. I took a quick look at the two sources given. At first glance I didn't spot anything supporting the "high salary" statement but I may have missed that. Also it seems a bit biased...it makes it sound that it had trouble due to his practices (e.g. selling the shoes) but in fact those are practices that they do now.
* Sincerely, North8000 (talk) 20:36, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
* I removed the reference to him giving himself a high salary and lightened another sentence a bit. Let me know what you think. Jamiemellis (talk) 21:28, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
* I made one more proposed tweak. This would make it where I'd suggest subbing it in or else where I'd sub it in if you wish. North8000 (talk) 21:37, 29 March 2021 (UTC)
* I’d prefer if you sub it in, as I think that’s what I’m supposed to do is ask you to make the edit? But I can make the edit if you prefer. Jamiemellis (talk) 21:07, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
* It's strongly suggested that someone else do it. This is a case where I thought either way would be fine, but I'd be happy to do it. North8000 (talk) 21:40, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
* I did it. One thing to check (though you're probably way ahead of me on this) is there anything that disappeared (content or references) that should be re-added. My outlook towards potential-COI editors is to expect the best.:-) Disclosure doesn't take you off that hook :-) job #1 here is Wikipedia goals. So far so good! :-) North8000 (talk) 21:55, 30 March 2021 (UTC)
Recent Vandalism
Hi. My name is Jamie and I work for Soles4Souls. An SPA IP editor recently vandalized the page by adding several fictional references to an advertising company I've never heard of. The reason I think these edits were in bad-faith, and not merely confusion, was because they altered one of the citations to misrepresent the title of the article, in order to make it look like the article was about their advertising company. I wanted to post here to explain my edits, as I feel confident this was just vandalism. Jamiemellis (talk) 15:15, 1 September 2023 (UTC) | WIKI |
Stock Market News for February 16, 2016
Benchmarks ended in the green on Friday with biggest one-day gains this month following a sharp rally in global financial stocks and jump in oil prices . Strong gains in banking stocks in Europe and U.S. pushed the market northward. In addition renewed possibilities for production cuts boosted oil prices which in turn helped energy stocks to end in positive territory. Despite gains on Friday, all major U.S. indexes posted their third successive weekly loss. Meanwhile, markets were closed on Monday for Presidents' Day holiday.
For a look at the issues currently facing the markets, make sure to read today's Ahead of Wall Street article
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJI) advanced 2% or 313.66, to close at 15,973.84. The Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) also increased nearly 2% to close at 1,864.78. The tech-laden Nasdaq Composite Index closed at 4,337.51, rising1.7%. The fear-gauge CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) decreased 9.7% to settle at 25.40. A total of around 8.7 billion shares were traded on Friday, lower than the last 20-session average of 9.7 billion shares. Advancers outpaced declining stocks on the NYSE. For 78% stocks that advanced, only 20% declined.
Financial sector rebounded strongly on Friday to close in positive territory following strong rallies in American and European bank stocks. In Europe, bank stocks surged after Deutsche Bank AG ( DB ) reportedly made announced it was buying back $5.4 billion of its senior unsecured debt. This includes $3.4 billion of securities that are denominated in euro and $2 billion of securities denominated in the U.S. dollar. Deutsche Bank's shares surged 12% following the news and made a broad-based positive impact on global financial sector.
Additionally, Dow components JPMorgan Chase & Co. ( JPM ) and Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. ( GS ) increased 8.3% and 3.9% respectively. JPM gained on the day after its CEO Jamie Dimon purchased more than $25 million of the company's stocks. Moreover, the Financial Services Select Sector SPDR (XLFS) improved 4.2%, and was the biggest advancers among the S&P 500 sectors. Top holdings from the sector such as Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ( BRK-B ), Wells Fargo & Company ( WFC ), Bank of America Corporation ( BAC ) and Citigroup Inc. ( C ) rose 2.4%, 4.8%, 7.1% and 7.3% respectively.
Moreover, oil prices soared after UAE's energy minister indicated that key OPEC members are willing to cooperate in order to cut production. Also, Baker Hughes Incorporated ( BHI ) reported that the number of U.S. oilrigs fell from 467 to 439 for the week, its eight-straight weekly decline. Renewed possibilities for production cuts and reduced oil rigs helped in a sharp rise in oil prices. Oil prices registered its highest intra-day increase on Friday for the last seven years. While the WTI crude rose 11% to $29.44 per barrel, Brent crude increased 9.9% to $33.36 a barrel.
Increase in oil prices helped the Energy Select Sector SPDR (XLE) to increase 2.6%. Dow components Exxon Mobil Corp ( XOM ), and Chevron Corp ( CVX ) advanced 1.8% and 2.9% respectively. Other key components including, Schlumberger Ltd ( SLB ), EOG Resources ( EOG ), Occidental Petroleum Corporation ( OXY ) and Pioneer Natural Resources Co. ( PXD ) increased 2.2%, 3.3%, 1.3% and 4.2% respectively.
In economic news, the Commerce Department reported on Friday that U.S. retail sales rose 0.2% last month, higher than the consensus estimate of 0.1% increase. January registered the fourth consecutive month of increase in sales. Also, December's figure was revised upward to 0.2% gain, in contrast to an earlier estimate of a decline by 0.1%.
However, the University of Michigan's preliminary February consumer sentiment reading came in at 90.7, lower than January's reading of 92. The reading also came below the consensus estimate of 92.3.
For the week, the Dow, the S&P 500 and the Nasdaq declined 1.4%, 0.8% and 0.6% respectively. Benchmarks ended in the red following decline in Markets ended the week in the red following financial, energy and material stocks. Decline inoil prices and mixed economic data also had a negative impact on the broader markets.
Further, Fed Chairwoman Janet Yellen's remarks on Fed rate hike possibilities and consideration of negative interest rates dampened investor sentiment. Lower-than-expected earnings results of Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. ( CTSH ), fall in shares of Walt Disney Co. ( DIS ) and IBM ( IBM ), and decline in wholesale inventories dragged benchmarks down.
However, gains in biotech and technology stocks, Coca-Cola Company's ( KO ) better-than-expected earnings results, fall in initial claims and UAE's oil minister indication of renewed possibilities for production cuts helped in trimming down the losses to an extent.
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The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.
The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc. | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
How powerful is Django
Raphael Michel
Patrick asked me to write down things about Django that go beyond the basic workshop I gave recently. I'm not quite sure what to write about it and how much of it is actually interesting, but I just sifted through the code of my completed and ongoing Django projects and wrote down what I thought might be useful to other developers be. I divided the whole thing very loosely into different sections, but otherwise didn't sort it any further.
As a general rule
Use Python 3. Please. And Django 1.7+. Thanks. And read more in the documentary, it is almost completely worth reading. :-)
Project structure
Django offers the option of converting the project into so-called Apps to split up. The idea behind it is mainly that of the reusability of apps, which I consider unrealistic in reality so far, but it can still make sense to use this option. So far I have tried different approaches in different projects, starting with a monolithic model with a gigantic app, as well as additional, "small" apps for meta-functions such as analysis and statistics, up to a division into several interchangeable apps (e.g. one for the backend and one for frontend), which must not depend on each other, and an app with common functions and models, on which all others depend. Different apps for different features are often useful, but mostly not realistic for me because the features are too closely related and integrated into each other.
Which approach makes sense depends very much on the project, but so far I have been best with the latter structure.
By default, Django creates one, one, one and one per app. While with and you can get by with one file for a long time, with and it is useful to know that Django doesn't mind if you make a subpackage out of it and split it up into several files.
Debugging
For debugging, I recommend the well-known Django Debug Toolbar, which is not only very useful for debugging itself, but also for keeping an eye on the ORM: Unfortunately, if you write code carelessly, it is easy to get extreme produced many database queries. The problem usually falls in the development phase, when you are working with small test data sets, but it often does not occur but causes a huge load as soon as you go into production. Rule of thumb: Every action should cause a constant (or constant upwardly limited) number of database queries, which should be independent of the number of data records.
In production, when users complain, django-impersonate is a useful tool to understand errors.
Static files
For any larger project, you will probably want to write LESS or SASS rather than CSS code. The django-compressor handles this for you in the same way as it can compress CSS and JavaScript. In development mode it does this live and transparently, in production it can be precompiled.
Models
Take a look at the documentation and keep in mind that the default setting is set to: If you delete a referenced object, all referencing objects are also deleted. That can cost you your head (tested for you) and in almost all cases you are with or better advised.
Authentication
For some time now, Django has made it easy to create your own User-Models to use instead of the supplied one. Make use of this option early - if the need arises later, a migration in productive operation is possible, but quite time-consuming1.
Signal
Django's signal framework is much more powerful than it looks at first glance. There will probably be a lecture or an extra blog post from me about this at some point.
Background processes
There is almost no case in which it is justified to keep the user waiting for an answer. You should therefore avoid doing anything in a view that could take a long time. I use Celery as a task queue for everything that can take longer or depends on external availability, be it the export of a lot of data or the simple sending of emails.
For cronjob-like things, I used to use django-cron, but have to look for an alternative or port it to Python 3.
Templates
It is worth considering replacing Django's template engine with Jinja2. I did this in a project because I had to map things that would have been very cumbersome in Django's TE and will probably do it more often when Django 1.8 is released, which will offer significantly better support for external template engines.
Views
At the beginning of my work with Django, I neglected the power of class-based views and used them far too little. I can only recommend you to take a close look at them.
Unit tests
If you want to do real interface tests, Django can be connected to Selenium quite well with the help of the2.
Localization
Even if I haven't had the dubious pleasure of bringing a multilingual project into production, I can give the tip that, if you ever want to do it, you can't plan it early enough. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Template talk:Severe weather terminology (United States) navbox
New
I created this navigation box because that is what I do. I am not a weather expert. Please add/change/delete as appropriate.--Old Hoss 21:34, 9 May 2007 (UTC)
One of the alerts are just pretend...
I don't know if the Flood PDS watch exists. We'll look into that after. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 02:09, 29 April 2011 (UTC) (Thomas)
* It seems to be at least issued once (http://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/vtec/#2011-O-NEW-KMEG-FF-A-0006 update 5); however, it would be different from other PDS watches, as Flood Watches are issued by the local forecast offices, not the Storm Prediction Center, so there may not be a uniform definition for a PDS Flood Watch. Inks.LWC (talk) 07:18, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
Expansion
It is my goal to get most of the products issued by the National Weather Service on here (and as part of that goal, I have been created pages for products that do not yet have pages); however, I do not plan on including the statements for the various products, as they typically are just updates of the initual product. If somebody wants to put something together as a general page that talks about Statements, then that could probably be included as well. Inks.LWC (talk) 07:14, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
* As of now, I do not plan on including Excessive Cold Watch/Warning, since they're still in the experimental phase. If the NWS deciddes to make them official products, then I'll make articles for them and add them to the template as well. Inks.LWC (talk) 07:42, 18 May 2011 (UTC)
I just added the PDS Tornado Warning, even though it's still in the experimental phase, since it was used operationally several times during last night's tornado outbreak. rdfox 76 (talk) 15:07, 15 April 2012 (UTC) | WIKI |
Skip to content
Tutorial - User Guide - Intro
This tutorial shows you how to use FastAPI with all its features, step by step.
Eeach section gradually builds on the previous ones, but it's structured to separate topics, so that you can go directly to any specific one to solve your specific API needs.
It is also built to work as a future reference.
So you can come back and see exactly what you need.
Run the code
All the code blocks can be copied and used directly (they are actually tested Python files).
To run any of the examples, copy the code to a file main.py, and start uvicorn with:
uvicorn main:app --debug
It is HIGHLY encouraged that you write or copy the code, edit it and run it locally.
Using it in your editor is what really shows you the benefits of FastAPI, seeing how little code you have to write, all the type checks, autocompletion, etc.
Install FastAPI
The first step is to install FastAPI.
For the tutorial, you might want to install it with all the optional dependencies and features:
pip install fastapi[all]
...that also includes uvicorn, that you can use as the server that runs your code.
Note
You can also install it part by part.
This is what you would probably do once you want to deploy your application to production:
pip install fastapi
Also install uvicorn to work as the server:
pip install uvicorn
And the same for each of the optional dependencies that you want to use. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Julie Legrand
Julie Legrand (born in Pitlochry, Scotland) is a British television, film, and stage actress best known for her role as Jeanette Dunkley on Footballers' Wives. She has also guest starred in a wide variety of British television shows, as well as stage productions.
Television
One of her earliest roles was in the Channel 4 comedy drama Hollywood Hits Chiswick, alongside Derek Newark as W.C. Fields. Her subsequent television career has been extensive, including appearances in Anglo-Saxon Attitudes. Kavanagh QC and Holby City.
Theatre
Along with her television work, Legrand has had numerous successes within theatre, most recently in See How They Run and has also starred in Fiddler on the Roof in the West End at The Savoy theatre and as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz, along with the films One for the Road, Prick Up Your Ears, and Water. She also toured Britain in the RSC's Romeo and Juliet as The Nurse. She played the role of Madame Morrible in the West End production of Wicked. She began performances on 29 March 2010, replacing Harriet Thorpe. After a lengthy run, Legrand exited the show on 27 October 2012, and was replaced by Louise Plowright on Oct. 29, 2012. in 2014-2015 Legrand portrayed Electra in Gypsy at the Chichester Festival Theatre and the subsequent transfer to the Savoy Theatre in London. In 2016 Legrand played Mrs. Malaprop in Sheridan's The Rivals in Bristol and Glasgow.
Personal life
Julie Legrand married Simon Clark, a sound engineer, in 2005. | WIKI |
Fernand Moulet
Fernand Moulet (3 December 1895 – 25 February 1971) was a French racing cyclist. He participated seven times in the Tour de France during the 1920s, but only finished in 1926 and 1928. His older half-brother, Marcel Moulet (1887-1933), also rode as a professional cyclist before World War I. | WIKI |
Nesta Davies
Nesta Davies is a British retired figure skater who competed in ice dance.
With partner Paul Thomas, she won silver at the third-ever World Championships in ice dancing in 1954.
Competitive highlights
With Paul Thomas | WIKI |
Functional Metabolic Testing
Your body's metabolism is like a car. It converts the food or calories you eat into energy for your body to use and needs fuel to work efficiently. If you had a faster metabolism, the more efficient your car runs and the easier to lose weight and keep the weight loss off. A way to know how fast your metabolism works is by taking a test with a professional who can then recommend diet changes or exercise programs personalized for you based on their findings.
Metabolic testing is a screening that can help you determine how your body works. A doctor might order these tests if they suspect a problem with the way your metabolism functions. Metabolic testing measures how fast the chemical processes happen in our bodies, and it helps doctors understand whether there's something wrong. There are many different kinds of metabolic testing, and each test tells us about an essential part of our metabolism including:
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is the amount of calories used or burned while your body is resting. If you're looking to lose weight, this could be an excellent way to track what's happening with your metabolism.
Maximum volume of oxygen (V02 Max) indicates how well your body uses oxygen during exercise, so it might not be as useful for weight loss but could still provide information about an individual's fitness level.
Lactate threshold test. Lactic acid naturally occurs in the body. It is created by the body during exercise. Lactic acid is also flushed out of the body at a constant rate. The difference between the rate lactic acid is created and the rate of disposal from the blood during exercise is called the lactate threshold. Excessive lactic acid causes muscle fatigue. If you're an athlete who wants to get better at your sport, the metabolic test for lactic acid can improve your performance.
Metabolic testing may cost a lot, but the results can help you determine if there's a need for changes to your diet and lifestyle. Checking with your insurance company may help you make an informed decision on where to have a metabolic test.
Your metabolism is tested by various means:
Resting metabolic rate (RMR)
Resting metabolic rate provides a measurement of how much energy is used at rest. To measure the RMR, you are seated and connected to an oxygen sensor that measures your breath volume and frequency. The test requires 15-30 minutes for the data to be gathered accurately by measuring how much oxygen is consumed through breathing. For a calorimetry test, you may need to wear a mouthpiece or lie down under a plastic hood over your face and breathe into the tube connected to the monitor.
Maximum volume of oxygen (V02 max)
The maximum volume of oxygen, or V02 max, is measured while performing an exercise like running on a treadmill. The mask or hood collects air as it circulates, is breathed and exhaled. The V02 max determines how much air you can take when trying to maximize performance and endurance levels, so you mustn't hold back.
The test starts with a gentle incline. The speed is set to a comfortable pace. As you become more and more tired, the pitch will increase, and so will your speed. The completion time of the VO2 max is dependent on how long you can keep up as it becomes increasingly challenging.
The test results are analyzed with formulas that compare the amount of oxygen inhaled and carbon dioxide exhaled. V02 max is a measure of how much oxygen an individual can take in per minute, which gives insight into how many calories they're burning.
Lactate threshold
Lactate threshold is a measure that detects the amount of lactate in your blood and predicts how much longer you can exercise and maintain safe levels. If you have this test done, it will involve being hooked up to a machine while running on a treadmill or pedaling on a stationary bike. Lactate threshold testing should only be conducted in a medical facility due to the procedure's risks.
The results of metabolic testing are very useful, but should only be considered part of a complete fitness or healthcare program. Metabolic testing provides information about the calories burned daily, which may lead to a change in physical activities, exercise and eating habits to increase (or decrease) this number.
Your metabolism and fitness levels are something you can't lie about. Whether it's after a meal or on the day of your test, your metabolic rate will be different for each individual. These test results can show levels of metabolism and fitness on the particular test date. If you change your lifestyle, specifically your exercise and activities, or your fitness improves or worsens, your metabolic rate and measurements will also change. You may not notice significant changes on a daily basis, but you will see a difference over longer periods..
If you blame genetics for your weight gain as you grow older, you're probably right because metabolism can speed up or slow down by changing your lifestyle habits.
One way to get an edge on weight loss is by boosting your metabolism. Exercise is one of the best ways to do this. Your metabolic rate fluctuates on any given day. You have a higher metabolism when you move compared to when you are resting. The more active you are, the faster you burn calories. In addition, you will still have raised metabolism for several hours after vigorous exercise.
You may be wondering what exercise to do if you're sedentary, overweight, or elderly. Well, the answer is simple: any activity. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercises can raise your metabolic rate. Consult your doctor about an appropriate workout routine that will suit you best.
Activity is a great way to improve your metabolism. You don't have to go to the gym every day, try some short exercise like brisk walks, or stand instead of doing nothing and lazing on a chair.
A balanced diet is essential for your health. Eating balanced meals often can boost your metabolic rate. Proteins with every meal can get you the energy you need to power through workouts and live life to the fullest.
Eating, as an activity, requires calories for chewing, mastication and digestion. This is the thermic effect of food (TEF). Eating proteins, including vegetable protein, causes the most TEF activity to occur. Eating does not require burning as many calories as other more intense exercises, however, it helps your metabolism to increase accordingly.
The vast majority of people struggle to lose weight due to overeating and lack of exercise; however, other factors can affect body fat composition, such as age or genetics. One factor that is more controllable when trying to lose weight is dieting. Dieting involves limiting caloric intake, which causes the body to utilize its energy stores for energy rather than digesting new sources from our diets - this phenomenon is known as "the thermic effect."
Don't let the idea of portion control scare you. It will become second nature with a little practice to ensure that you are eating healthy portions at each meal.
Researchers have found that eating enough, but not too much, is the key to weight maintenance. Consuming more calories than you use in a day will typically lead to weight gain. Crash diets don’t work because if you eat fewer calories, your metabolism starts to slow down.
Get Started on Your Wellness Transformation
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User:Infamous p.i.m.p
hi im infamous p.i.m.p im called by different names like infamous,the i.p kid,or infamous kid. I was born in east L.A and i live in south gate home of cypress hill. | WIKI |
MAPK8IP1
C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK8IP1 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is a regulator of the pancreatic beta-cell function. It is highly similar to JIP-1, a mouse protein known to be a regulator of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (Mapk8). This protein has been shown to prevent MAPK8 mediated activation of transcription factors, and decrease IL-1 beta and MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells. This protein also functions as a DNA-binding transactivator of the glucose transporter GLUT2. RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) is reported to repress the expression of this gene in insulin-secreting beta cells. This gene is found to be mutated in a type 2 diabetes family, and thus is thought to be a susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes.
Interactions
MAPK8IP1 has been shown to interact with MAP3K10, DUSP16, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9, MAPK8, LRP2, LRP1, MAP3K12, MAP2K7, MAPK8IP2 and MAP3K11. | WIKI |
How to effectively model a property in a relational database?
database-design
I have seen two approaches to modeling properties in relational databases:
1. Create arbitrary tables that assume all the necessary components of the property. For example, have tables for room, unit, floor, building.
2. Have a single table 'asset'. Use a linking table to create relations between assets.
In either case, the building is represented as a general tree structure. This seems painful to query.
I need to represent this tree in order to implement an RBAC system. Now I'm not so sure that a relational DB is the best solution.
Best Answer
It sounds like your question is about how to store tree data in an RDBMS. I can't speak to using a graph DB, but can for a RDBMS.
Overview
Two common approaches for storing tree data in an RDBMS are:
• Adjacency list (I think this is what you are describing above)
• Nested set
Here is a good overview of how to implement each. http://mikehillyer.com/articles/managing-hierarchical-data-in-mysql/
And a comparison of performance (in SQL Server, but the basic conclusions should be similar across most databases that allow recursive queries): https://explainextended.com/2009/09/25/adjacency-list-vs-nested-sets-sql-server/
In general, if your tree data isn't going to change and all you need to is to grab all descendants, a nested set is a great solution. If you are frequently updating the tree (adding/removing nodes) then a nested set is not a great solution.
A possible solution
One solution I have implemented in the past is to store distinct trees (it sounds like "Property" would be a distinct tree in your case) as an Adjacency List table in the DB, due to ease of inserts/deletions. Then read a distinct tree into your preferred data structure server-side for operations. I don't know if that works in your case.
So something like
[Asset] table
- id (pk)
- Parent_AssetID (fk referencing Asset.id)
- Name
- Type
- PropertyID (fk referencing Property.id)
[Property] table
- id
- Name
Then you can use the PropertyID column - foreign key to a Property table - to easily query the Asset table and grab all "assets" for that property for processing server-side. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Page:Alumni Oxonienses (1500-1714) volume 1.djvu/412
Croft, (Sir) Archer, s. Herbert, of Hereford (city), baronet. ., matric. 15 April, 1702, aged 17; 2nd baronet, M.P. Leominster 1722-7, Beeralston March, 1728-34, baptized 3 April, 1683, died 10th and buried at Kensington 14 Dec., 1753. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary. Crofte, Edward, pleb. ., matric. 20 March, 1606-7, aged 16. Croft, Edward, s. Lionell, of Sutton, co. Gloucester, p.p. ., matric. 11 Dec., 1668, aged 17. Crofte, Francis, s. William, of Todenham, co. Gloucester, gent. , matric. 16 May, 1634, aged 14, and again 9 Dec., 1636, B.A. 31 Oct., 1637; M.A. from. 18 June, 1640, a chaplain of Merton College. See Ath., i., p. xvi. Croft, George, B.A. 13 Dec., 1512, fellow of. 1513-19, from Herefordshire, proctor 1520, perhaps rector of Shepton Mallet, Somerset, 1529 (see Weaver), one of these names chancellor of Chichester 1531. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. xiii., 115. [] Croft, (Sir) Herbert, s. Edward, of Croft Castle, co. Hereford; M.P. co. Carmarthen 1588-9, co. Hereford 1593, 1601, 1604-11, 1614, Launceston 1597-8, knighted 7 May, 1603, became a Benedictine monk at Douay, where he died (10) April, 1622, father of the next named. See ''Ath. Ox''., ii. 317; D.N.B.; Foley's Records, i. 467-70; & Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary. Croft, Herbert, 3s. Herbert, equitis. , matric. 25 July, 1636, aged 34; B.D. 25 June, 1636, D.D. 18 April, 1640, rector of Uley, co. Gloucester, 1638, and of Harding, Oxon, 1639, chaplain to the Earl of Northumberland in the Scotch expedition 1639, canon of Salisbury 1639, chaplain to Charles I., canon of Worcester 1640, and of Windsor 1641, dean of Hereford 1644, deprived of all his spiritualities in the rebellion, but restored in 1660, bishop of Hereford 1662, until his death 18 May, 1691. See Ath., iv. 309; Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus; & D.N.B. Croft, (Sir) Herbert, s. Herbert, Bishop of Hereford. ., matric. 27 April, 1668, aged 16; of the Middle Temple 1668, created a baronet 18 Nov., 1671, M.P. co. Hereford 1678-9 & 1690-8, died 3 Nov., 1720. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary. Croft, Herbert, s. H., of Hereford (city), gent. ., matric. 14 Jan., 1706-7, aged 15, B.A. 1710; incorp. at Cambridge 1723, M.A. from. 1723, rector of Stretford, co. Hereford, 1715, and of Tuxford, Salop, 1723, vicar of Yarpole, co. Hereford, 1730. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus. Crofte, James, subscribed 16 April, 1613, B.A. from 21 June, 1615. [] Crofte, James, of Radnor, gent. , matric. 15 July, 1619, aged 16. Croft, (Sir) James, of co. Hereford, eq. fil. , matric. 8 June, 1621, aged 18; B.A. 6 Dec., 1621, of Gray's Inn 1625 (as son of Herbert, of Croft Castle, co. Hereford, knight), a colonel in the service of Charles I., knighted Dec., or Jan., 1644, 'for his stout and faithful service,' suffered much for his loyalty; 'ye pentioner,' buried 9 Aug., 1659, at St. Clement's, London, brother of Herbert 1636. See Alumni West., 86; & Foster's Inns of Court Reg. Croft, John, of, 1621. See Cruft. Croft, John, of Dorset, pleb. ., matric. 15 Oct., 1619, aged 18, B.A. 18 Feb., 1622-3; M.A. from 21 June, 1625, rector of Puncknoll, Dorset, 1639. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus & Joseph Crofts next page. Croft, John, s. Henry, of Tedington Beds, militis. ., matric. 24 Oct., 1628, aged 15; B.A. 10 Dec., 1630; fellow of ., M.A. 5 July, 1634; created D.D. from. 23 June, 1646, rector of West Stow and Barnham St. Gregory, Suffolk, 1639, and of Barnham St. Martin, Suffolk, 1639, dean of Norwich 1660, until his death 27 July, 1670. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus & Fasti, ii. 99. [] Croft, John, s. Edw., of Tredington, co. Worcester, p.p., matric. 30 Oct., 1668, aged 16, B.A. 6 Feb., 1672-3; M.A. from. 1675, perhaps beneficed in Bucks, brother of Richard 1666. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus. Croft, Philip, gent. ., subscribed 7 Nov., 1655. Crofte, Richard, o.s. Edward, of Sutton, co. Gloucester, gent. ., matric. 28 April, 1626, aged 14. Croft, Richard, s. Edw., of Tredington, co. Worcester, gent. , matric. 17 Dec., 1666, aged 16; B.A. 1670, M.A. 1674, rector of Barcheston, co. Warwick, 1679, and vicar of Stratford-onAvon, co. Worcester, 1684, brother of John 1668. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus. Croft, Roland, secular chaplain; B.C.L. 15 July, 1520. Crofte, Thomas, fellow of. 1510-14, from Croftes in diocese of Hereford, B.A. (sup. 1 July) 1514. [] Croft, Thomas, s. Alexander of Carmarthen (town), arm. ., matric. 14 Oct., 1631, aged 18, B.A. 22 Nov., 1631; fellow of. 1634, expelled 1648, restored 1658, M.A. 4 June, 1635, D.C.L. 3 July, 1661, of Gray's Inn 1634. See Burrows, 194; & Foster's Gray's Inn Reg. Croft, Thomas, s. Richard, of Sutton, co. Gloucester, gent. ., matric. 23 Sept., 1671, aged 18; B.A. 1675. See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus & Earwaker, ii. 635-6. Croft, (Sir) William, of Middlesex, militis fil. nat. max. , matric. 12 May, 1609, aged 14; B.A. 19 June, 1611, of Croft Castle (eldest son of Sir Herbert), M.P. Launceston 1614, and Malmesbury 1626 & 1628-9, knighted 13 June, 1614, slain at Stokesay 8 June, 1645, aged 54, brother of James 1621, and of Herbert 1636. See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary. Crofte, William, of co. Gloucester, gent. ., matric. 1 Dec., 1609, aged 17; of the Middle Temple 1611, as 2nd son of Richard, of Sutton, co. Gloucester, gent. See Foster's Inns of Court Reg. [] Croft, William, s. William, of Kingsbury, Somerset, pleb. ., matric. 17 March, 1636-7, aged 20. Croft, William, s. William, of Nether Eatington, co. Warwick, gent. , matric. 9 July, 1713, aged 30; D. Mus. 9 July, 1713, organist and composer to King George, a gent. extraordinary of the Chapel Royal 1700, and organist of St. Anne's, Westminster, 1700, joint organist of the Chapel Royal 1704, full organist 1707, master of the children of the Chapel Royal, etc., and instrument keeper and organist of St. Peter's Church, Westminster, 1708, died at Bath on Monday, 14 Aug., 1729, buried in Westminster Abbey. See Chester's Westminster Abbey, 321; & Rawlinson, i. 262. Crofton, (Sir) Edward, s. Edw(ard), of Headfort, Ireland, baronet. , matric. 23 Feb., 1703-4, aged 15; 3rd baronet, of the Mote, co. Roscommon, M.P. 1713, until his death in Nov. or Dec., 1739. Crofts, John, s. Thomas, of Hornton, Oxon, pleb. ., matric. 5 April, 1639, aged 18; B.A. from 1 Feb., 1642-3, M.A. 3 Dec., 1646, one of these names rector of Mottistone, Isle of Wight, and ejected 1662 for nonconformity, chaplain to Lady Fiennes at Newton Tony, Wilts. See Calamy, ii. 275. [ 351 ] | WIKI |
Check device network usage
Set up a system to monitor device network activity.
created: 2020-05-23 | topic: computer | tag: privacy,network | author: Jason Lenz
Motivation
I enjoy electronic devices and all the capabilities and connectivity that come with them, however whenever I obtain a new network enabled device I usually have the following types of questions in the back of my mind:
For general users it’s almost impossible to know the answers to these questions. Most devices connect constantly to servers owned by large internet companies and many of these companies don’t exactly have the best track record for respecting privacy and being trustworthy with user data…
This page describes how to set up a customized router that can detect and record all wireless connections from a device. With this setup it’s possible to answer the first two questions above. The third one is frequently not possible since connections are often encrypted. With that said, addressing the first two questions goes a long way in determining how trustworthy a device is.
What’s needed
The remainder of these instructions are based on my experience with the following hardware, but these should be easily adapted to other combinations:
Prerequisite skills
For others interested in analyzing network traffic for a device you own, it’s helpful to have the following knowledge/background:
At some point maybe someone will create an easy way for general users to do a similar analysis, but for now it’s not trivial to set up. A router appliance with all the software pre-installed, and a web based user interface to view the analysis would be useful for general users, but for now it doesn’t exist (at least that I’ve found).
Router setup
This assumes you already have Openwrt (or LibreCMC) installed on your router of choice.
Record network activity
1. Connect your test device to the access point you just created. In this case I connected my Kindle Paperwhite to the “check” access point and entered the password for access. Ensure that it is the only device connected to that access point. This will make your life easier when analyzing traffic later.
2. Confirm that your test device is connected to the internet by using it to access a web page or browse a book store, etc.
3. ssh into your router from your computer.
4. Use tcpdump to start recording network activity on the interface identified earlier. Name the file as desired.
# tcpdump -lnni wlan1-1 -w my-network-activity.bin
5. After the desired period of time has elapsed hit Ctrl-C to stop tcpdump.
6. Exit the ssh terminal on from your router and then copy the file over to your main computer.
$ scp my-router-address:my-network-activity.bin .
Analyze network activty
Make sure wireshark is installed on your main computer if it isn’t already. Start it up and open up your network activity file (File -> Open). You will most likely have an overwhelming amount of network activty to sift through.
In my case analyzing the Kindle Paperwhite over a period of 114 seconds there were 280 unique network events (rows) displayed in wireshark.
The addresses will all be displayed in raw IP format, so one of my first steps was to turn on the option to resolve network addresses (View -> Name Resolution -> Resolve Network Addresses). Click on the Source or Destination columns at the top to sort on those and make note of all of the server addresses that were accessed. In my case, I found that the Kindle Paperwhite was accessing the following servers (sending and receiving):
a4k.amazon.com
api.amazon.com
device-messaging-na.amazon.com
pins.amazon.com
todo-ta-g8g.amazon.com
ec2-23-23-189-14.compute-1.amazonaws.com
This in itself is useful information and not unexpected. All of the servers are Amazon owned. It’s also interesting to note that I was not using the Kindle at all. I just booted it up and left it on the table during the 114 second capture period.
You can further try and inspect the raw data in the network packets to see if anything intelligible resides there. Click on a row or cycle through them using the up/down arrow keys and look at the bottom window. In my case it was mostly unreadable either due to being encrypted or stored in a proprietary format.
Another useful option within wireshark to consider includes the (Statistics -> Capture File Properties) menu option which will display high level information such as below:
Measurement Captured
Packets 280
Time span, s 114.836
Average pps 2.4
Average packet size, B 303
Bytes 84918
Average bytes/s 739
Average bits/s 5,915
Also the (Statistics -> I/O Graph) menu option is interesting to see as well. In my case most of the communication happened at boot up with a few sporadic network events happening later on.
This barely scratches the surface of what wireshark is capable of in terms of analysis. The user manual in the reference links below provides details on all the capabilities if you are interested in digging further.
Conclusion
This method proves very useful in answering the first two questions mentioned at the beginning (who is the device communicating with and how often). As expected it’s almost impossible to determine exactly what information is being sent, but regardless this is still a valuable method to have in the toolkit.
Limitations
References
Other links | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Wikipedia:Sockpuppet investigations/Somesh9041/Archive
10 September 2015
* Suspected sockpuppets
* Second batch of accounts
* User compare report Auto-generated every hour.
* Editor interaction utility
Not sure which is actually the sockmaster and which are the puppets, but over the past few days there have been a large chunk of niche articles on "rule-based" manufacture processes such as Rule Based Design for Manufacturability - Deep Hole Drilling, Rule Based DFM Analysis for Casting, Rule Based DFM analysis for Injection Molding, Rule based DFM analysis for Deep drawing, Rule Based DFM analysis for Electric Discharge Machining, Draft:DFM Guidelines for Metal Extrusion Process and DFM Guidelines for Hot Metal Extrusion Process. The obscurity of the topic and the ethnic similarities of the usernames in combination with the general format of names mixed with numbers leads me to believe this is a case of Sockpuppetry. RegistryKey(RegEdit) 15:18, 10 September 2015 (UTC)
Comments by other users
Possibly related to a school assignment. Can a limited CU be done to see if all are from the same IP that's likely under a schoolblock, perhaps (guessing) Indian Institute of Technology Delhi? If so, let's AGF and try to engage with the students, try to contact the professor and guide all of them to the Education program tutorials and guide them how to make a Wikipedia page. DocTree (ʞlɐʇ·ʇuoɔ) WER 21:28, 10 September 2015 (UTC)
* I had just written a long SPI report about this, but the possibility of a school assignment has given me pause. I do think there is some assignment going on. See, specially their user page, who was picked up by the autoblock on . Pinging Yunshui regarding this account.
* Other articles that I had deleted, but will stop doing so:
* Rule Based Design for Manufacturability for Spot Welding Process
* DFM Analysis for Die Casting
* Rule based Design guidelines - Stamping
* Rule Based DFM Analysis for Die Casting
* Rule Based DFM analysis of extrusion process
* Rule Based analysis of Extrusion Process
* Rule based DFM analysis for metal spinning
* Draft:Rule Based analysis of upsetting manufacturing process
* Draft:Rule based manufacturing of Injection Molding: Revision history
* Or Special:PrefixIndex/Rule%20Based and Special:PrefixIndex/Rule%20based
* I added in the list of accounts that I had tracked down. I also directly asked if they are taking a course since they are responding to messages. Maybe that will shed some light on what is going on. -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 07:11, 12 September 2015 (UTC)
* I did some Googling and now I'm positive that this a course related to the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. These are all students there . Perhaps we should close this SPI and move the discussion to Education noticeboard/Incidents? -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 07:41, 12 September 2015 (UTC)
* User:MEL434IITD and likely others would be added to the list of accounts after a CU.. MEL434IITD's trying to comment here (see history). I see he added a link to the class roll. His talk page note here led to my comment above. I see several are already indef blocked for sockpuppetry. Hoping to invoke Hanlon's razor so original accounts will be unblocked. They didn't know about rules against multiple accounts and were desperate to find a way to earn a grade in their class. I hope one of us can find and engage the professor and get him involved in the Education program so that students aren't again put in a situation that will get them into trouble. DocTree (ʞlɐʇ·ʇuoɔ) WER 14:44, 12 September 2015 (UTC)
* I just unblocked the Risav1994 account and asked him to do me a favor and have his instructor got to the Wikipedia Education Program. -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 03:56, 13 September 2015 (UTC)
I closed this SPI down. I think we are all convinced that this is not a malicious case of sockpuppetry. Moving the discussion over to WP:ENI where it is better suited. -- Gogo Dodo (talk) 04:59, 15 September 2015 (UTC)
| WIKI |
XENO3 operating instructions and precautions
Introduction
This page summarizes how to operate the XENO3 class provided by LGT SABERS.
Compared to the XenoPixel V2, some functions can now be enabled or disabled, allowing for more flexible customization.
In addition, a countdown sound has been added when a button is held, improving operability on models without button LEDs.
Please check the precautions page before using.
Notes｜ATTENTION
Annotations and Action Images
Click: Press and quickly release the button.
Hold: Hold down the button.
Twist: Rotate the button 90 degrees to the left or right and then return it to its original position.
Push (stab): Hold the blade horizontally and perform a thrusting motion.
Pull: Pull the blade horizontally. Motion Image
Motion image (Source: FETT263)
Method of operation
item Method of operation Feature Description
Sleep mode release
(Activate)
Hold the button for about 2 seconds during sleep mode (when the button LED is off). You will hear a voice say "Power ON" and the sleep mode will be canceled.
ON (start) Click the button while stopped. Start the saver.
When in sleep mode, please cancel sleep mode first.
Motion ON Push while stopped (stub). It can be turned on (activated) by motion without using a button.
Change to next font Hold the button while stopped. The font sound will play and the program will move on to the next set font (sound source).
Change to previous font While stopped, twist with the blade side facing down. Switch to the previous font (sound source).
BGM playback/
Stop
While stopped, twist with the blade side pointing above horizontal. The background music set for each font will be played. If the background music is playing, it will stop.
*This will not activate if the font does not have background music.
Volume change function While stopped, hold down the button and release it when the button LED flashes once.* You can adjust the volume of the saver.
The volume can be adjusted to three levels: high, low, and mute.
Effect change function While stopped, hold down the button and release it when the button LED flashes twice.* You can change the blade effect while the saver is active.
You can choose from ①Steady (simple) → ②Unstable → ③Rainbow Blade (rainbow color emission) → ④Candy Blade (rainbow color emission 2) → ⑤Crack Blade → ⑥Pulse (slow blinking) → ⑦Flash Blade (fast blinking) → ⑧Fire Blade (flame).
Blade mode change function While stopped, hold down the button and release it when the button LED flashes 3 times.*
You can change the lighting effect (pre-on function) when the saber is activated and the blade pattern.
You can choose from ①Standard Mode → ②Velocity Mode → ③Torch Mode → ④Blaster Mode → ⑤Ghost Mode → ⑥Broken Ignition → ⑦Photon Ignition → ⑧Stack Ignition → ⑨Warp Ignition → ⑩Phaser Ignition → ⑪Scavenger Ignition → ⑫Hunter Ignition.
Sleep mode function While the unit is stopped, hold down the button for about 10 seconds until you hear the sound "POWER OFF."
The font will change along the way, but please continue holding.
The machine will enter sleep mode.
When in sleep mode, the device will be in a power saving state and will not accept any operations unless the device is released from sleep mode.
When the device enters sleep mode, the button LED turns off.
Or, it will automatically switch to OFF mode after a certain period of time has elapsed.
OFF (stop) Hold the button during startup. The saver will turn off.
Motion OFF Twist while running to turn OFF (stop). It can be turned off (stopped) by motion without using a button.
Blaster Function Click the button during startup. When activated, it produces blaster effects and sounds.
Flash on Crash (FoC) feature Shock the hilt while it's activated. When activated, there is a crashing sound and the blade flashes.
Lock-up function Hold down a button while launching to cause a crash. When activated, a lock-up sound and effect will be heard.
Releasing the hold will release the lockup.
Drag Function Hold the button during startup and release it when the button LED flashes once. A drag effect occurs where only the tip of the blade flashes.
Lightning Block Mode When it's running, press and pull the button (pulling the hilt). When activated, there is a lockup sound and a lightning block effect.
Mode Cancellation Click the button while in Lightning Block mode. Turn off Lightning Block mode.
Color change function Hold the button during startup and release it when the button LED flashes twice. This will switch to color change mode, where you can change the blade color.
During color change mode, the blade color will change over time.
┗Color selection
(mode off)
Click the button with the color you want to set. Decide the blade color and release the mode.
Force Sound While activating, hold the button with the hilt above horizontal and twist. When activated, a blade effect and force sound will be activated. *This will not occur with fonts that do not have force sound.
RGB ⇔ PIXEL switching
(Deprecated in v1.2 and later FW)
While the camera is stopped, hold down the button until you hear the sound "RGB to PIXEL" (for about 15 seconds).
The font may change and the power may be turned off during the process, but please continue holding the hold.
Switch between built-in LED mode and NeoPixel mode.
Not normally used.
* The Bluetooth function of XENO3 cannot be used in Japan because it is not possible to confirm the technical standards conformity certificate (Technical Conformity Certificate) based on the Radio Law . ( The Bluetooth function is disabled in products for the Japanese market . )
About changing settings
The motion function, motion sensitivity, countdown sound when holding a button, and blade mode function can be changed by changing the settings.
Please see below for instructions on how to change the settings of XenoPixel V3.
XENOPIXEL V3 Setting Manual
Last updated: December 24, 2023 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Category:Japan Alps
* The Japan Alps — a group of high and scenic mountain ranges, on the main island of Honshu in Japan. | WIKI |
Department of Agriculture v. Moreno
Department of Agriculture v. Moreno, 413 U.S. 528 (1973), was a United States Supreme Court case that declared a provision of the Food Stamp Act denying food stamps to households of "unrelated persons" to be a violation of the U.S. Constitution. The Court held that provision to be irrelevant to the stated purpose of the statute and in violation of the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
Background
The case was brought by several groups of individuals; they alleged that they satisfied the income eligibility requirements for federal food assistance, but they were excluded from the program solely because the persons in each group were not all related to one another.
Eligibility for participation in the federal food stamp program was based on households rather than individuals. Under Section 3(e) of the Food Stamp Act (7 USC 2012(e)), the term "household" was defined to include only groups whose members were all related to one another.
The plaintiffs were members of groups of individuals with the need for food stamp assistance who were denied food stamps because the groups included members who were not all related to one another. For example, one plaintiff, a 56-year-old diabetic woman, lived with, shared common living expenses with, and received medical care from another woman with three children, each woman receiving a small monthly income from public assistance. Another plaintiff, an indigent married woman with three children, took in a 20-year-old girl, who was unrelated to them, because they felt that she had emotional problems. Another plaintiff, whose daughter had an acute hearing deficiency and required special instruction in a school for the deaf, decided that to make the most of her limited resources, she would share an apartment near the school with another woman, each woman being a recipient of public assistance.
Procedural history
In a class action in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, the plaintiffs sought declaratory and injunctive relief against the enforcement of the unrelated person provision of Section 3(e).
A three-judge District Court panel was convened and held that Section 3(e) violated the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment because it created a classification that achieved unintended results and was not relevant to the stated purpose of the Act or justifiable by reference to an independent purpose (345 F Supp 310). The US District Court for the District of Columbia held that the "related household" limitation of Section 3 of the Food Stamp Act of 1964, 7 U.S.C.S. § 2012(e), was invalid for violating the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment as it created an irrational classification, in violation of the equal protection component of that clause.
Majority opinion
In an opinion by Justice William J. Brennan Jr., the Supreme Court affirmed the lower courts' ruling that the statutory classification was invalid.
Under traditional equal protection analysis, a legislative classification must be sustained if the classification itself is "rationally related to a legitimate governmental interest." However, the Court held that the challenged classification, which excludes unrelated household members, did not rationally further the goal of preventing fraud.
While the Fifth Amendment contains no equal protection clause, it forbids discrimination that is so unjustifiable as to be violative of due process; hence, it nonetheless imposes various equal protection requirements on the federal government. That doctrine is commonly referred to as "reverse incorporation," as it is essentially the opposite of "incorporation", or the application of parts of the Bill of Rights (otherwise applicable only to the Federal government) to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment.
There was little legislative history to indicate the purposes of "unrelated person" provision of Section 3(e). What legislative history that did exist showed that this was intended to prevent "hippies" and "hippie communes" from participating in the food stamp program. However, a purpose to discriminate against hippies cannot, on its own, be a sufficient justification. Aside from this purpose, the Government argued that there was a legitimate government interest in minimizing fraud in the administration of the food stamp program. However, the classification acted to exclude not only those who were likely to abuse the program but also those who were in need of the aid but could not afford to alter their living arrangements so as to retain their eligibility.
The Court held that the "unrelated person" provision was irrelevant to the stated purpose of the Food Stamp Act. Because it did not operate to rationally further the prevention of fraud, it was not rationally related to furthering any legitimate government interest.
Concurring opinion
Justice William O. Douglas wrote a concurring opinion. He believed that since the unrelated-person provision of Section 3(e) affected people's First Amendment rights of association, the classification could only be sustained by showing compelling governmental interests. He did not believe that the standard was satisfied.
In addition, Douglas claimed that Section 3(e) was unconstitutional because of its invidious discrimination between one class composed of needy people, all related to one another, and another class composed of households that have one or more persons unrelated to the others but with the same degree of need.
Dissenting opinion
Justice William H. Rehnquist dissented from the Court's decision. In an opinion joined by Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, he believed the limitation that Congress enacted in Section 3(e) could, in the judgment of reasonable men, conceivably deny food stamps to members of households formed solely for the purpose of taking advantage of the food stamp program.
When the Court makes this "rational basis" evaluation, its goal is limited to determining whether there is any rational basis on which Congress could have made this decision. Making arguments against its purported rational basis is a responsibility for Congress.
Since the food stamp program was not intended to be a subsidy for every individual who desired low-cost food, it was a permissible congressional decision, consistent with the underlying policy of the Act. The fact that the limitation would have unfortunate, perhaps unintended, consequences beyond that did not make it unconstitutional. Recognizing a rational basis, Rehnquist opined that the law should be upheld as constitutional. | WIKI |
File Exchange Pick of the Week
Our best user submissions
Py_Addpath
Sean‘s pick this week is py_addpath directory matlab_too by Eric Fields.
Using Python with MATLAB
Do you have some Python code from a colleague or a snippet from GitHub that you’d like to use in MATLAB and not have to rewrite it? You can do that through the Python Interface for MATLAB.
A simple “hello world” example is as follows:
s = py.str("hello world") % Convert MATLAB string to py.str
whos s
sc = string(capitalize(s)) % Convert capitalized str back to MATLAB string
s =
Python str with no properties.
hello world
Name Size Bytes Class Attributes
s 1x11 8 py.str
sc =
"Hello world"
Now what if you want to call your custom Python code? Well the Python interpreter current working directory is the current MATLAB directory:
cwd = py.os.getcwd
cwd =
Python str with no properties.
C:\Documents\MATLAB\potw\PyAddPath
So if your code lives here, you’re all set. However, you may (probably!) have your Python code somewhere else. So this is where this week’s submission comes in. You can use py_addpath to add another directory to the Python interpreter’s path. Optionally, it can also add the directory to the MATLAB path.
Personally, I’m no longer modifying the MATLAB path myself and using (and recommending!) Projects for anything where path or other setup needs to be configured. Because Projects afford us a “Run at Startup” option, I can have it run MATLAB code that takes care of the Python path as well using Eric’s py_addpath.
Let’s take a look at an example. NOTE: Everything we’re doing with Python here could also be done with MATLAB’s webread but we’ll pretend we’re obligated to use this Python function.
Here’s the Python function:
"""
dataLib.py imports 1-minute bars from GDAX
built with Python 3.5 on 4/3/2018
Example: getPriceData('ETH', '2018-03-16T17:41:26Z', '2018-03-16T18:14:46Z')
To call from Python:
>>import dataLib
>>dataLib.getPriceData('ETH', '2018-03-16T17:41:26Z', '2018-03-16T18:14:46Z')
"""
def getPriceData(product, start, stop):
import urllib.request
import json
# all cryptocurrency products returned in USD
product = product + '-USD'
# granularity is in seconds, so we are getting 1-minute bars
granularity = '60'
# returns back: [time, low, high, open, close, volume]
url = 'https://api.pro.coinbase.com/products/' + product + '/candles?start=' + start + '&end=' + stop + '&granularity=' + granularity
# execute call to the website
urlRequest = urllib.request.Request(url, data=None, headers={'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.47 Safari/537.36'})
response = urllib.request.urlopen(urlRequest)
html = response.read()
# python 3.x requires decoding from bytes to string
jsonData = json.loads(html.decode())
return jsonData
###########################################################################################
def parseJson(json_data):
from array import array
# return back time and close data
dates = [row[0] for row in json_data]
data = [row[4] for row in json_data]
# convert to 1D array
dateArray = array('d')
dataArray = array('d')
dateArray.fromlist(dates)
dataArray.fromlist(data)
# wrap both time series in a dictionary
closeTimeSeries = {'Date': dateArray, 'Close': dataArray}
return closeTimeSeries
And here’s the function I would add to the project startup to add the Python folder at project startup.
function addPythonDataLib()
prj = currentProject;
py_addpath(fullfile(prj.RootFolder, 'Python'));
end
Now after opening the project, we can use the dataLib.py functionality.
% Query for Ethereum prices
startDate = '2018-03-16T12:00:00Z';
stopDate = '2018-03-16T17:00:00Z';
jsonData = py.dataLib.getPriceData('ETH', startDate, stopDate);
data = py.dataLib.parseJson(jsonData);
% Convert to MATLAB Data Types
data = struct(data);
data.Date = double(data.Date)';
data.Date = datetime(data.Date, 'ConvertFrom', 'posixtime', 'TimeZone', 'America/New_York');
data.Close = double(data.Close)';
data = table2timetable(struct2table(data));
disp(head(data))
stackedplot(data);
Date Close
____________________ ______
16-Mar-2018 13:00:00 621.1
16-Mar-2018 12:59:00 621.1
16-Mar-2018 12:58:00 621.1
16-Mar-2018 12:57:00 621.09
16-Mar-2018 12:56:00 621.09
16-Mar-2018 12:55:00 621.09
16-Mar-2018 12:54:00 621.06
16-Mar-2018 12:53:00 621.87
One suggestion for Eric, is that the function could use convertStringsToChars to allow for MATLAB string inputs to be passed in as well without needing to change any algorithmic parts. I.e.
directory = convertStringsToChars(directory);
Comments
Give it a try and let us know what you think here or leave a comment for Eric.
Published with MATLAB® R2019b
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Thathi Thavadhu Manasu
Thathi Thavadhu Manasu is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language drama film written and directed by Azhagu Rajasundaram. The film stars Sona, Urvasi Patel and Sindhuri, while Mumtaj, Vadivelu and Kalabhavan Mani also appear in supporting roles. The film was released on 19 December 2003.
Cast
* Sona as Mahalakshmi
* Urvasi Patel as Poonkodi
* Sindhuri as Amudha
* Mumtaj as police assistant commissioner, Aarthi
* Abhinayashree
* Kalabhavan Mani
* Vadivelu as Inspector Vaigaivel
* Nizhalgal Ravi
* Subhashini
* Fatima Babu
* Kalidaas as IGP
Production
The film marked the directorial debut of Azhagu Rajasundaram, who had previously apprenticed under directors Pandiarajan and Vikraman for fifteen years. Produced by V. K. Riaz Ahmed, Mumtaz's manager, the film's story was based around two real life incidents — the murder of a lawyer in bright daylight and the accident in which 40 individuals were killed.
Soundtrack
Soundtrack was composed by Deva. The song "Gudu Guduppu" is loosely based on Hindi song "Babuji Zara Dheere" from Hindi film Dum.
Release
The film had a low profile release on 19 December 2003. Chennai Online wrote "Finally, don't go by the title or it's heroine. For, it's a fairly serious and realistic film, socially relevant, at times heart-rending too. Though for hard-core Mumtaz fans who'd expect to see 'more' of her here, it may be a slight disappointment!". | WIKI |
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News & Presentations
Previous Article | Next Article
Presentations, Scientific Publications | 18 Sep 2020
ESMO2020: SANET-ep study subgroup analysis by Ki-67 and primary tumor origins
Title: Subgroup analysis by Ki-67 and primary tumor origins of the randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of surufatinib in advanced well-differentiated extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (SANET-ep)
Lead Author: Zhiwei Zhou, Director, Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
Session: e-Poster Display Session
Abstract Number: 1165P
Date available: Thursday, September 17, 2020
Background
Surufatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (1,2,3), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and colony stimulating factor 1 receptor, has demonstrated superior efficacy in extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in a phase III study (SANET-ep, ESMO 2019 Abs. LBA76). The proliferation marker Ki-67 and primary tumor origins are the major prognostic factors in NETs.
Methods
The post-hoc efficacy analysis of surufatinib versus placebo was conducted by Ki-67 subcategory (<3%, 3-10%, >10%) and primary tumor origins (foregut, midgut, hindgut, others or unknown) in patients (pts) with advanced well-differentiated (grade 1 or 2) extrapancreatic NETs. The primary endpoint (progression-free survival [PFS]) and secondary endpoint (objective response rate [ORR]) both by investigator assessment (RECIST1.1) were analyzed.
Results
Median PFS was significantly prolonged with surufatinib compared to placebo in subgroups of Ki-67 3-10% (7.6 vs 4.6 months [mo], hazard ratio [HR] 0.47, P=0.0012), Ki-67 >10% (8.3 vs 2.1 mo, HR 0.14, P<0.0001), foregut (8.4 vs 4.6 mo, HR 0.29, P=0.0001) and hindgut (8.3 vs 2.1 mo, HR 0.35, P=0.0014). There was numerical PFS improvement with surufatinib compared to placebo in the rest subgroups: Ki 67 <3% (13.9 vs 7.4 mo, HR 0.43, P=0.0557), midgut (19.2 vs 8.9 mo, HR not analyzed due to small sample size) and unknown origin (9.2 vs 5.5 mo, HR 0.56, P=0.2943). ORR in the subgroups of Ki-67 <3%, 3-10%, >10% with surufatinib were 4.8%, 7.7%% and 20.0% respectively. There was no objective response in the placebo arm. ORR in the subgroups of foregut, midgut and unknown origin with surufatinib was 18.4%, 16.7% and 10.0% respectively while no response was observed in subgroups of hindgut or other origins.
Conclusions
Surufatinib demonstrated clinically significant benefits for pts with advanced well-differentiated extrapancreatic NETs compared to placebo. Results of this exploratory analysis were consistent with those reported for the SANET-ep primary analysis, and improved outcomes were observed across major subgroups.
Clinical trial identification: NCT02588170.
Legal entity responsible for the study: Hutchison MediPharma Limited.
Funding: Hutchison MediPharma Limited.
Disclosure
J. Li, J. He: Full/Part-time employment: Hutchison MediPharma Limited. W. Su: Shareholder/Stockholder/Stock options, Full/Part-time employment: Hutchison MediPharma Limited. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
jinja2Getting started with jinja2
Remarks
Jinja 2 is a templating engine for Python, which means that it allows developer to produce web pages, containing for example base html code and placeholders for Jinja 2 to fill them. Based upon Django's templating system, Jinja is one of the most used as it allows developers to use powerful concepts like sandboxing and inheritance to allow a template easily reused.
Jinja is simple. You have a template with a bunch of holes in it. You then ask the engine to fill the template with the values you give it at runtime, and ther response is handed back to you, in form of an html document, ready to be sent to the user. You also have more advanced possibilities like applying a filter on a variable, to show for example a read time based on an article page for a blog, or simply pluralize words like a breeze.
You can read more on Jinja2 through the official documentation here
Jinja2 installation and setup
Install the dependencies:
pip install jinja2
Install a framework:
pip install flask
Create the following structure
├── run.py
└── templates
Put a file template.html in the templates directory. The file can contain a jinja 2 variable named my_string .
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
{{my_string}}
</body>
</html>
Open the file run.py and put in the following contents.
from flask import Flask, render_template
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route("/")
def template_test():
return render_template('template.html', my_string="Wheeeee!", my_list=[0,1,2,3,4,5])
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
Now you can run your webapp using python run.py and the output will appear with your local host http://localhost:5000 | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Respiratory Care Devices Market Landscape Report 2025-2030 Featuring Major Players - Koninklijke Philips, Medtronic, ResMed, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, and Dragerwerk
The global respiratory care devices market is projected to grow from USD 23.6 billion in 2025 to USD 33.6 billion by 2030, with a CAGR of 7.3%. This growth is driven by increasing respiratory diseases due to aging, smoking, and pollution. Notably, therapeutic devices like CPAP, BiPAP, and nebulizers dominate the market, crucial for conditions like COPD and sleep apnea. North America leads the market, bolstered by robust healthcare systems and awareness of respiratory health. Key players include Philips, Medtronic, and ResMed. This comprehensive report offers insights on market dynamics, innovations, and strategic opportunities.
Global Respiratory Care Devices Market
Dublin, Aug. 26, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Respiratory Care Devices Market by Product (PAP Devices, Ventilators, Humidifiers, Oxygen Concentrators, Spirometers, Peak Flow Meter, Masks), Disease Indication (Asthma, Infectious Disease), End User (Hospitals, Homecare Settings) - Global Forecast to 2030" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. The global respiratory care devices market is projected to reach USD 33.6 billion by 2030 from USD 23.6 billion in 2025, at a CAGR of 7.3% during the forecast period.
The report will help the market leaders/new entrants by providing information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall respiratory care devices market. This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to position their businesses better and plan suitable go-to-market strategies. The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
Various demographic, medical, and environmental determinants form a package fueling market growth in respiratory care equipment. One of them is the increase in the global incidence of respiratory disease. Respiratory diseases such as asthma, sleep apnea, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are typical examples of respiratory disease, largely because of smoking, aging, and increasingly increasing levels of air pollution. Respiratory support awareness increased with mass deployment of spending on ventilators, oxygen therapy, and monitoring devices during the COVID-19 period.
Prominent players in the respiratory care devices market are Koninklijke Philips N.V. (Netherlands), Medtronic (Ireland), ResMed Inc. (US), Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited (New Zealand), and Dragerwerk AG & Co. KGaA (Germany). By product type, the therapeutic devices segment is expected to have the largest market share in the respiratory care devices market. Therapeutic devices are essential in the treatment and management of most acute and chronic respiratory diseases. They are employed to provide life-supporting respiratory therapy to COPD, asthma, sleep apnea, and respiratory failure patients. The devices include high-flow nasal cannula systems, CPAP and BiPAP devices, nebulizers, ventilators, and oxygen concentrators. The therapeutic equipment market has expanded multi-fold due to the need for long-term home respiratory therapy, the global burden of chronic disease, and hospitalization. By disease indication, the COPD segment is expected to have the largest market share in the respiratory care devices market. The respiratory care equipment is dominated by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is increasingly a global disease, especially in the geriatric population. This is because of the higher demand for non-invasive ventilators, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, and monitors. Since COPD is a progressive and irreversible disease, constant attention and long-term respiratory treatment are required for the same. The disease is also caused by high-risk factors prevalent in developing and industrialized societies, including smoking, air pollution, and occupational exposures. Since COPD is hospitalized and has exacerbations, repeated use of respiratory equipment in the home and hospital setting is necessitated. North America is expected to have the largest market share in the respiratory care devices market. In North America, the increasing prevalence of chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, sleep apnea, and COPD can be attributed to an aging population, a long history of smoking, and the growing rates of obesity. The region has a robust healthcare system and a growing awareness of the importance of respiratory health, which allows for early detection and treatment of these conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic boosted the demand for ventilators and oxygen therapy equipment. Medical device manufacturers improved reimbursement policies. There has been a rapid adoption of innovative technologies such as respiratory devices that integrate telehealth and remote monitoring have all played a role in shaping this market.
Report Insights
Market Penetration: It includes extensive information on products offered by the major players in the global respiratory care devices market. The report includes various segments in product type, disease indication, end user, and region.
Product Enhancement/Innovation: Comprehensive details about product launches and anticipated trends in the global respiratory care devices market
Market Development: Thorough knowledge and analysis of the profitable rising markets by type, disease indication, end user, and region.
Market Diversification: Comprehensive information about newly launched products, expanding markets, current advancements, and investments in the global respiratory care devices market
Competitive Assessment: Thorough evaluation of the market shares, growth plans, offerings of products, and capacities of the major competitors in the global respiratory care devices market.
Key Attributes:
Market Dynamics
Drivers
Rising Prevalence of Respiratory Diseases
Rapid Growth in Global Geriatric Population
Urbanization and Growing Pollution Levels
Growing Tobacco Consumption
Increased Adoption of Sedentary Lifestyles
Surging Incidence Rate of Preterm Births
Growing Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases Affecting Respiratory Systems
Rising Population with Sleep Disorders
Improved Patient Outcomes Using Respiratory Care Devices
Rising R&D Investments for Technological Advancement of Medical Devices
Restraints
Unfavorable Reimbursement Scenario for Respiratory Care Diagnostics
Availability of Low-Cost Products from Local Manufacturers
High Cost of Cpap Machines
Opportunities
Growing Demand for Home Care Therapeutic Devices
Market Growth Opportunities in Asia-Pacific
Increasing Preference for Self-Testing
Growing Awareness About Ill Effects of Untreated Sleep Apnea
Challenges
Low Awareness and Lack of Diagnosis of Respiratory Diseases
Harmful Effects of Certain Respiratory Care Devices on Neonates
Lack of Patient Compliance with Cpap Therapy
Technology Analysis
Key Technologies
Oxygen Therapy Systems
Airway Management Devices
Pulmonary Function Testing (Pft) Devices
Monitoring Sensors
Complementary Technologies
Telemedicine Platforms
Mobile Health (Mhealth) Apps
Wearable Respiratory Trackers
Adjacent Technologies
Smart Inhalers
Environmental Sensing Devices
Industry Trends
Miniaturization and Portability
Smart Connectivity and IoT (Internet of Things) Integration
Growing Demand for Multimodal Ventilation
Rising Adoption of Non-Invasive Ventilation
Personalized Treatment Solutions
Company Profiles
Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Medtronic
Resmed Inc.
Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited
Dragerwerk AG & Co. KGaA
Masimo
Getinge
Nihon Kohden Corporation
Ge Healthcare
Hillrom & Welch Allyn (Baxter International, Inc)
Adapthealth, LLC
Teleflex Incorporated
Air Liquide
Icu Medical, Inc.
Hamilton Medical
Medline Industries, Lp
Allied Medical LLC
Nonin
Apex Medical
Rotech Healthcare, Inc.
Lowenstein Medical Se & Co. Kg
Weinmann Emergency Medical Technology GmbH + Co. Kg
Drive Devilbiss Healthcare
Omron Healthcare, Inc.
Hum GmbH
For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/k9tu9w
About ResearchAndMarkets.com ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world's leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products and the latest trends.
Attachment
Global Respiratory Care Devices Market
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Drafts
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Contributions so far
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Does Tesla Have a Check Engine Light?
We all know that EVs don’t have check engine lights or indicators. But when we see Tesla check engines, we get confused that if Tesla is an EV, how can there be a check engine! So, does Tesla have an engine?
Well, no! Tesla is an EV and is run by motors with batteries- there are no engines. But yes, there’s a term of check engine light when we talk about Tesla.
Does Tesla have a check engine light? How can it be possible for an EV to have it! We have noted the details on this- you can check it out!
Does Tesla Have a Check Engine Light?
Understanding the Check Engine Light
In traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, the check engine light serves as a warning indicator that something may be amiss with the vehicle’s engine or related systems. It can be triggered by various factors, such as malfunctioning components, emissions issues, or sensor irregularities. When this light illuminates on the dashboard, it prompts the driver to seek professional assistance for diagnosis and repairs.
Understanding the Check Engine Light
Tesla’s Unique Approach
Unlike traditional vehicles, Tesla’s electric cars operate on a vastly different mechanical and technological platform. As a result, Tesla has taken a distinctive approach to vehicle diagnostics and monitoring, which sets it apart from the conventional check engine light system.
Tesla vehicles are equipped with an advanced onboard computer system and an array of sensors that continuously monitor various aspects of the car’s performance. This real-time monitoring allows Tesla to proactively detect and address potential issues before they escalate into major problems. Rather than a single “check engine” light, Tesla employs a more nuanced and proactive system to alert drivers.
The Tesla Warning System
Tesla vehicles are designed to provide instant feedback and notifications to drivers through the central touchscreen display. If a potential problem is detected, the onboard computer may display a message detailing the issue and its severity. This message can include information on the affected system and recommended actions to be taken.
In addition to on-screen notifications, Tesla also utilizes over-the-air (OTA) updates to enhance vehicle performance and address issues remotely. This means that Tesla can diagnose problems, develop solutions, and deliver them directly to the vehicle, often eliminating the need for a physical visit to a service center.
Understanding Tesla Diagnostic Alerts
Tesla’s diagnostic alerts are designed to be informative and user-friendly. Instead of a generic “check engine” light, Tesla provides specific and detailed information about the detected issue. For instance, if there is an anomaly in the vehicle’s battery pack, the system may display a message indicating the need for a battery inspection.
It’s important to note that Tesla’s diagnostic alerts are not limited to critical components alone. The system can also detect minor irregularities and provide guidance on maintenance and optimization. This level of transparency empowers Tesla owners to make informed decisions about their vehicle’s care.
How to Respond to Tesla Diagnostic Alerts
When a diagnostic alert appears on the touchscreen display, Tesla drivers have several options for response. In some cases, the alert may suggest scheduling a service appointment to address the issue. Tesla’s mobile service units and network of service centers make it convenient for owners to have their vehicles inspected and repaired.
For minor issues or routine maintenance, Tesla’s alerts may provide guidance on steps that the owner can take independently. This approach encourages a proactive attitude towards vehicle upkeep and empowers owners to participate in maintaining their Tesla’s optimal performance.
In Conclusion
In conclusion, while Tesla’s approach to diagnostics and alerts differs from the traditional check engine light system, it is equally effective, if not more so. Tesla’s advanced technology enables real-time monitoring and proactive detection of potential issues, allowing drivers to address them promptly.
By providing detailed and actionable alerts through the touchscreen display, Tesla empowers owners to take control of their vehicle’s maintenance and performance.
So, if you’re wondering whether Tesla has a check engine light, the answer is yes – but it’s a sophisticated and intelligent system that reflects the innovative spirit of Tesla’s electric vehicles. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Hand Infections
Infections to the hand are common occurrences because our need to use our hands for all activities.
Pathology + Treatment
Infections to the hand are common occurrences because our need to use our hands for all activities. A hand infection can be seeded by a direct penetrating injury that breaches the skin or arise from another infected part of the body, travelling though our blood stream.
Infections can are subdivided into superficial or deep, localized or diffuse, fluctuant (soft center) and indurated (firm consistency). If the infection is not interrupted by active intervention, destruction of the tissues ensue progressing rapidly and possibly leading to death if unattended. Infections are like a cancer, but with infections, the advancement is much faster and more destructive. The severity of the infection depends on the aggressiveness of the micro-organism, the ability of the patient to mount an appropriate response against the infection and the amount of bugs received during the contamination as well as other factors from the environment. In general, patients with diabetes, cancer, HIV, Hepatitis, those receiving chemotherapy or other immunosuppressant drugs who cannot mount a normal response to infections are at risk. Infections can be acute or chronic. Chronic infections have a more prolongued course and are indolent and less evident when first affected. The mycobacterium or fungi are frequently the cause of chronic infections. Acute infections are easily recognized as symptoms are more abrupt in presentation with patients complaining of pain, redness, warm and swelling in the area of interest. Red striking up to the forearm or shoulder may be present. Patients may also experience fever, chills and generalized discomfort. Diffuse superficial infections are called cellulitis and invade the subcutaneous tissue. They are treated in the early phases with warm compresses, antibiotics (more reliably administered by the vein) hand elevation, and closed monitoring. Admission to the hospital will depend on the severity of the infection and the systemic findings.
Localized infections present with pain and induration (hard swelling) that becomes fluctuant (soft) forming an abscess where a pocket of pus is walled off. Once an abscess is present, treatment is prompt surgical debridement (cleaning) with culturing the site prior to administering antibiotics is preferred. Sometimes a patient may need several trips to the operating room for serial debridement. Appropriate debridement combined with the correct antibiotic should resolve most cases. The most frequent organisms causing infections are the skin flora of Staphylococcus Aureous and Streptococcus. The organisms are similar but their susceptibility to antibiotic treatment has changed with the emergence of resistant strains like MRSA ( Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureous). Careful selection of final antibiotic treatment according to the cultures is critical and the consultation with Infectious Disease specialist may be required. Joint infections are more critical for their ability to quickly destroy the joint leaving permanent damage. X rays and joint aspiration assists in the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and treatment is critical for a successful outcome. There are conditions that can closely mimic infections like gout and pseudo gout which is a crystal deposition disease. These are not infections but may also require surgical treatment to clean out a joint or tendon since, like infections, induce an inflammatory response that is destructive to tissues.
A special consideration should be made for a very aggressive form of infection named Necrotizing Fasciitis. It can be fatal when treated inappropriately or insufficiently. Necrotizing Fasciitis is the most rapidly advancing infection travelling through the facial planes and leaving tissue destruction throughout its course. Symptoms include pain, fever and chills. This infection is more frequently seen in immunocompromissed patients. The initial symptoms can be just localized pain and minimal swelling, induration and redness progressing to lymphangitis (red striking), decrease motion, peeling of skin, severe tenderness, fever, chills and blistering ( a late sign). Crepitance of the soft tissues (a crunchy feeling under the skin) may be present when the infective organism forms gas. The responsible microorganisms are frequently anaerobic, streptococci, vibrio and clostridium as single organisms or in combination. A high index of suspicion and experience recognizing this potentially lethal condition is key for diagnosis and to abort the morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. Your surgeon at ROC should be emergently contacted if this condition is suspected. The hallmark of treatment is radical surgical removal of infected tissue and sometimes amputation to save the patient’s life. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
A Survey of Deep Active Learning
08/30/2020 ∙ by Pengzhen Ren, et al. ∙ 147
Active learning (AL) attempts to maximize the performance gain of the model by marking the fewest samples. Deep learning (DL) is greedy for data and requires a large amount of data supply to optimize massive parameters, so that the model learns how to extract high-quality features. In recent years, due to the rapid development of internet technology, we are in an era of information torrents and we have massive amounts of data. In this way, DL has aroused strong interest of researchers and has been rapidly developed. Compared with DL, researchers have relatively low interest in AL. This is mainly because before the rise of DL, traditional machine learning requires relatively few labeled samples. Therefore, early AL is difficult to reflect the value it deserves. Although DL has made breakthroughs in various fields, most of this success is due to the publicity of the large number of existing annotation datasets. However, the acquisition of a large number of high-quality annotated datasets consumes a lot of manpower, which is not allowed in some fields that require high expertise, especially in the fields of speech recognition, information extraction, medical images, etc. Therefore, AL has gradually received due attention. A natural idea is whether AL can be used to reduce the cost of sample annotations, while retaining the powerful learning capabilities of DL. Therefore, deep active learning (DAL) has emerged. Although the related research has been quite abundant, it lacks a comprehensive survey of DAL. This article is to fill this gap, we provide a formal classification method for the existing work, and a comprehensive and systematic overview. In addition, we also analyzed and summarized the development of DAL from the perspective of application. Finally, we discussed the confusion and problems in DAL, and gave some possible development directions for DAL.
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N. Büsch (2022)
A pixel-based approach for evaluating the visual scalability of the v-plot matrix
Wo ist die Publikation erschienen?
Master's Thesis (FH Technikum Wien)
Abstract
Data visualization has become state of the art when analyzing data in various application domains like production, finance and science, among others. Therefore, research in the field of data visualization is concerned with the development of novel visualization techniques. Comparatively little research is dedicated to evaluating data visualizations. We looked into existing techniques to evaluate data visualizations on their scalability. Finding, that there is no state of the art method, we propose our own pixel-based evaluation technique. Its goal is to evaluate the scalability of a data visualization with respect to the available screen-space. It works by calculating three different ratios that were based on existing concepts (data-ink ratio, foreground background ratio and the discriminability ratio). The changes of these ratios are then observed over different resolutions to make a statement about the scalability of the visualization. To test our proposed evaluation method, we integrated a v-plot matrix visualization into the software Visplore by VRVis. V-plots are a novel data visualization technique to visualize distribution data and were introduced recently. We used this implementation to export our test data set, that consisted of 375 images containing various differently configured v-plot matrices. The calculation of the proposed ratios was then realized as Python script and applied to the test set images. By observing the resulted trends of the ratios and through conducting hypothesis tests, we found that the ratios indicated that v-plot matrices up to dimensionality 6 could effectively be shown on a resolution of 180x320px and larger. Whereas single v-plots could be displayed effectively on a resolution of 100x160px and above.
Forschungsthemen
Forschungsgruppe
Lösungen
Keywords
Data visualization, Visualization evaluation, V-Plots | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
4.7.3.1
4.7.3.1 Addition polymerisation
Content
• Alkenes can be used to make polymers such as poly(ethene) and poly(propene) by addition polymerisation.
In addition polymerisation reactions, many small molecules (monomers) join together to form very large molecules (polymers).
For example:
In addition polymers the repeating unit has the same atoms as the monomer because no other molecule is formed in the reaction.
Students should be able to:
• recognise addition polymers and monomers from diagrams in the forms shown and from the presence of the functional group C=C in the monomers
• draw diagrams to represent the formation of a polymer from a given alkene monomer
• relate the repeating unit to the monomer.
MS 5b -Visualise and represent 2D and 3D forms including two dimensional representations of 3D objects
WS 1.2 Use a variety of models such as representational, spatial, descriptive, computational and mathematical to solve problems, make predictions and to develop scientific explanations and understanding of familiar and unfamiliar facts. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
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Thursday, March 21, 2013
LAMP Cluster — Comparison of different hosting platforms
This post is part of: Guide to replicated LAMP stack hosting with failover
The first step of building a hosting service is to choose your provider. Each system have its strengths and weaknesses and you will have to choose according to your needs and your proficiency at using the provided tools. This step is crucial and if possible, you should spend some time testing and benchmarking each of them to see if it matches your expectations.
DISCLAIMER: Below, I something mention prices; they are meant as an indication rather than a real comparison. Comparing different services can sometimes get very tricky as they don’t include the same things and their performance is difficult to compare effectively.
Platform as a service
This is basically what you want to build. Another company will provide you some services in the cloud and you will configure your applications to use them. Here, all the scalability and redundancy is done for you and you will only pay for what you use.
The thing is though, you have absolutely no control on the Operating System and you are bound to the services the platform provides you.
This guide is all about building it, so these are more here as a comparison basis than actual alternatives.
Google App Engine
Typically, GAE runs Java and Python. It provides PHP through an emulation layer and some SQL, but there is no MySQL. Some quick research and I found people discussing it: Wordpress and Drupal. Short answer: no MySQL, can’t be done.
However, if you want to host some Django on it, please do!
Windows Azure
This does almost everything you need, they have a really wide array of services. If you need something else, you can deploy a custom VM and do what you want. This is perfect for prototyping.
However, fiddling with their price calculator, I found that it can become quickly expensive, they charge for almost everything. Yes they have PHP/MySQL support, but the idea is to have some scale economy. I did an estimate:
• 4 small Web and Worker instances
• 1 small Linux Virtual Machine (for testing, management, etc.)
• 10 x 100 MB Databases
• 100 GB bandwith
• 100 GB storage
This is rather conservative; you will probably need way more than 4 small instances. Only thing is, it is almost 500$ per month. Hardly a bargain.
Heroku
Heroku is mostly known for its Ruby support, but it has a very wide array of add-ons; it even has MySQL support through ClearDB. Their prices tend to be lower than Azure and it is closer to open source initiatives, which I tend to use a lot. I have never actually used Heroku, so I can’t really approximate what I would need, but the sheer amount of possible configurations is incredible.
A big plus is also the deployment procedure that is backed by Git. It involves describing a project with a configuration file and simply pushing to Heroku. There is quite a lot of examples out there on how to deploy Wordpress, Drupal, etc. If I wasn’t trying to build an infrastructure myself, I would definitely consider it strongly.
Virtual machines on physical hardware
If you plan on the long-term, investing in hardware might be a good idea. Hardware is way less expensive and providers like iWeb tend to give a lot of bandwidth (if not unlimited). Upgrades are usually way less expensive, but they involve downtime and risk.
You still need some virtualization
For ease of management, you will almost certainly want a virtualization solution: this way you can create, backup, scale and migrate virtual machines in only a couple steps. In the most popular solutions, OpenStack is free and open source while VMware has a very good reputation with vCenter. The downside is that it means you have yet another thing to configure.
You still need multiple servers
If you go with physical machines, you will need some RAID and everything, but that all means downtime when something breaks. To reduce the risks, you will still need a second or third machine to provide some backup. Really, managing physical hardware is an art all by itself; if you wish to provide some good quality Web hosting, you will need someone specialized in that matter.
Why not let a third party do all this for you ?
Virtual private servers (VPS)
We want full control over the system, scalability, virtualization management, etc. So it all comes to a nice in-the-middle solution: virtual machines provided by a third-party. Here, all the hard stuff is already done, you will most certainly have multiple locations in the world to choose from and you can usually trust the hardware to not fail completely. Sometimes there is downtime, but losing data is extremely rare.
Below are multiple choices I know of, but I suggest you try FindTheBest for a more thorough comparison.
For the setup I will be talking about in another post, we need this setup:
• 1 small/medium management node
• 3 medium/large working nodes
• 2 small/medium utility nodes
• 1 small dev node
Amazon Web Services (AWS)
I have been a client of Amazon EC2 for more than two years. They offer a wide array of services:
• Virtual machines (EC2)
• DNS servvices (Route53)
• Load balancing + Auto scaling
• Dedicated databases with automatic fallback (RDS)
• High performance I/O (EBS)
• Low performance, high durability I/O (S3)
• CDN (CloudFront)
• Highly configurable firewall
• And much much more
A lot of websites are running on Amazon services. The problem is, it is expensive and it is built for computing, not Web hosting. This means it is perfect for a rather short burst of computing like crunching data but it becomes expensive if it is online all the time. Also, in the concept of pay-per-use, everything you do will end up costing you something, which can built up rather quickly. Over the last two years, the performance has been going downhill, but recently, they have been lowering their prices so it might be getting a better alternative.
Here is an example using their calculator. (333 $/month)
Google Compute Engine (GCE)
Google also has a service that is very similar to Amazon EC2, but with less options and it seems to have a better performance/price ratio. I am not familiar with their services, but I thought it was worth mentioning.
Windows Azure
As mentioned above, Azure has virtual machines as well, but you can connect them with the rest of the platform so it can be a nice hybrid solution.
However, it is still pretty pricy. For our setup, 3 medium, 2 small and 2 x-small, we are already at 478 $/month — and no bandwidth or storage is included yet.
Linode exists since 2003, but I only discovered it last year. They are growing rapidly, new features are coming in and the amount of included things is going up and up every month. What I like about Linode is that I feel like I am in total control of my machines.
• Multiple availability zones (like most other providers)
• Very easing permission management (you can give read-only access to your clients)
• Very powerful admin panel.
• Powerful recovery tools
• Remote connection via SSH or in-browser to the host so you can rescue your VM while it boots
• Possibility to switch kernels and reboot in rescue mode
• Possibility to reset root password from admin panel
• Possibility to rebuild from a backup or a fresh install without destroying the VM.
• Unexpensive Load Balancers
• Support for StackScripts, a way to run scripts while deploying a new VM
• High class (free) support. From my experience, replies typically take 1-5 minutes!
• Unlimited DNS zones
• Very high transfer caps
• Unmetered disk operations
• Unmetered Gigabit in-zone data transfer
And they are on a rampage. They recently upgraded their network and all VM now have 8 cores. You wonder how it is possible to have a 8 cores on a small instance, but it is actually the priority on those CPU that scales, not their power. In other words, the higher your package, the more reliable its performance is.
Seriously, the more I work with Linode, the more they feel right, it just feels like they know their thing and do the best they can to give you everything they can.
Have a try, you can use a small instance for a month. Here is my referral link. I get 20$ if you buy something.
For a setup similar to the AWS detailed above, it boils down to around 220 $/month, but you have to build the database, memcache, CDN yourself.
Performance evaluation
Whatever provider you choose, be sure to test its performance. This is especially true for CPU and disks. The number of cores and their clock speed means little to nothing. The best tool I found was SysBench. For disk operations specifically, you can choose various profiles like read-only, sequential read/write, random read/write or specify a ratio of read/write.
When benchmarking for websites, you typically want a lot of small files (10kB - 1MB) that will be read sequentially and some big files (1MB-5MB) with a read/write ratio of about 95%.
Maybe more on that later.
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Talk:Upsilon Orionis
Untitled
To see an HEASARC image of Thabit
http://indianastronomer.blogspot.com/2006/01/thabit-36-upsilon-orionis.html
* bookmark Cas Liber (talk · contribs) 08:53, 29 January 2014 (UTC)
Chart?
Is there a good constellation map showing the location of this particular star? --Piledhigheranddeeper (talk) 18:22, 5 February 2014 (UTC)
* I second that.Caeruleancentaur (talk) 18:40, 5 February 2014 (UTC) | WIKI |
Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez
Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez is a prominent jurist and international lawyer from Costa Rica, and a current judge at the International Criminal Court (ICC). Before, he was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and served as the ambassador of Costa Rica to the Netherlands.
Early life and education
He was born on the 3rd April 1971 in Costa Rica. Between 1983 and 1987 he attended Liceo San Carlos. In 1988, he began his studies of law at the University of Costa Rica, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Laws in 1994. Between 1997 and 1998 he furthered his studies at the University of Oxford, where he obtained a Magister Juris in European and Comparative Law.
Professional career
Since 2000 he was employed at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica as an advisor in international law, a post he kept until 2014. Between 2005 and 2015 he was entrusted the legal defense in several cases by the Government of Costa Rica. Between 2014 and 2018, he was the ambassador of Costa Rica to the Netherlands. There, he also was involved in preparing the Costa Rican defense against Nicaragua in the case about the invasion of Calero island before the ICC. Since 2005 he was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. Also between 2014 and 2018 he was the representative of Costa Rica before the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW). He served as the vice president of the Assembly of States Parties between 2016 and 2018. Since 2019, he was a professor of international law at the United Nations University for Peace (UPEACE) in San Jose, Costa Rica. Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez was also a contributor the newspaper La Nacion in Costa Rica.
Judge at the International Criminal Court
On the 21 December 2020, Sergio Gerardo Ugalde Godínez was elected in the fourth round to the International Criminal Court by the Assembly of States Parties. In March 2023, Russia initiated an investigation against the judges of the ICC Ugalde Godínez, Tomoko Akane and Rosario Salvatore Aitala after the ICC issued an arrest warrant against its president Vladimir Putin. | WIKI |
Maryland mauls Howard 79-0 in season opener
The Mike Locksley era began with a bang as his Maryland Terrapins ran over Howard 79-0 on Saturday afternoon at Maryland Stadium in College Park. The Terrapins jumped out to a 28-0 first quarter lead behind two touchdown passes from new quarterback Josh Jackson. Maryland (1-0) led 56-0 at intermission, a school record for scoring in a half. Jackson finished 15-of-24 for 245 yards and four touchdowns in his Maryland debut after transferring this summer from Virginia Tech as a graduate. The Bison (0-1), from nearby Washington, D.C. — Locksley’s hometown — were often their own worst enemy, particularly in the kicking game. A 14-yard punt set up Maryland’s first score, a 26-yard Jackson to Dontay Demus touchdown pass at 11:06. The next score — an Anthony McFarland 2-yard run at 6:53 — was set up when Howard’s punter was tackled at his own 13 after a bad snap. Later in the second quarter, Maryland’s D.J. Turner took a punt back 40 yards for another score and a 42-0 lead. The Terrapins also blocked a punt for a safety in the third quarter. Caylin Newton, the 2019 Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Player of the Year (and the younger brother of Cam Newton) was held to 3-of-11 passing for 23 yards, and Bison quarterbacks were sacked eight times. The Howard offense mustered just 68 yards of total offense and four first downs. The Bison rushed 38 times for 1 yard. Demus had a big day receiving for Maryland with three catches for 100 yards and two touchdowns, including a 62-yard score from backup quarterback Tyrrell Pigrome. Maryland amassed 623 yards total offense, including 306 through the air. Locksley was an interim coach at Maryland in 2015 before coaching at Alabama the last three seasons. He returned for his third tour of duty with the Terrapins in the spring. This was also the first game at Howard for coach Ron Prince. The Bison play at Youngstown State next Saturday, while the Terrapins host Syracuse. Maryland’s highest scoring game ever was an 80-0 victory over Washington College in 1927. —Field Level Media | NEWS-MULTISOURCE |
2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification preliminary round
The preliminary round of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification tournament decided four teams which advanced to the group stage of the qualification tournament. The preliminary round consisted of the eight lowest-ranked teams among the 52 entrants: Liberia, Mauritius, Gambia, South Sudan, Chad, São Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, and Djibouti.
The eight teams were drawn into four ties and played in home-and-away two-legged format. The four winners advanced to the group stage to join the 44 teams which entered directly.
The first legs were played on 9 October, and the second legs were played on 13 October 2019.
Matches
* }
''1–1 on aggregate. Chad won 5–4 on penalties and advanced to qualification Group A.''
South Sudan won 3–1 on aggregate and advanced to qualification Group B.
São Tomé and Príncipe won 5–2 on aggregate and advanced to qualification Group C.
''2–2 on aggregate. Gambia won 3–2 on penalties and advanced to qualification Group D.'' | WIKI |
How to display Gif89a with transparent color other than black
I would like to know how can I display a GIF89a file with tranparent color other than black. The popular browsers do it but I want to do this in my own program written in C++ for Windows 95 (and higher). If transparent color is black I made a mask for image replacing all black pixels by white ones and the others by the white ones and next I used two BitBlt's, the first with the mask and AND ROP-code and the second with the image and the OR ROP-code. But if a transparent color is other than black this method obviously doesn't work. Nevertheless the browsers know how to resolve this problem. Do you know any method for C++ Windows program ?
Thank you in advance for any response
rainetteAsked:
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nils pipenbrinckConnect With a Mentor Commented:
Yes, you can do that.
I don't know how you load your gif-files.. I think you use a third party library for that.. take a look at the documentation how to get the transparent color index.
If the library don't support this, you can write a code which opens the gif yourself.. just scan the header for the extension flag and extract the transparent color index (if present). You only need the header, the hard part (decoding the image data) can still be done by your existing code.
here is a documentation of the fileformat:
http://www.cubic.org/source/archive/fileform/graphic/gif/gif89a.txt
After you know which of the 256 colors is your transparent color, you can simply build your and/or mask based on that color. It's nothing more than a simple loop which iterates over the pixels and sets the pixel in the mask based on the pixel color... A quite easy job I think.
Hope that helps.. I cannot give you sourcecode, because I've never dealed with transparent gif files myself..
Regards,
Nils Pipenbrinck
0
rainetteAuthor Commented:
I load GIF-files with my own procedure which is slightly modified code from Nabayoti Barcacati's book on Borland C++ programming. But WHAT IS "A THIRD PARTY LIBRARY" ? Thanks to your hint I think that I found a better one: instead to change pixels I will change color values in appropriate color palette place.
( GIF-files I know always use color palettes. )
For image I'll change color value for transparent color index to black ( RGB(0,0,0) ), for mask - I'll change this value to white( RGB(255,255,255) ) and all the other values to black. Is it a good idea ?
0
nils pipenbrinckCommented:
changing the palette-entry is a good idea.. and it'll always work since there aren't any gif files without palette.
what's a third party library? that's a library you buy don't write yourself but buy somewhere... Like for example you want to use a library that handles thousands of fileformats you'll better buy something instead of spending a year developing and debugging it yourself.
Nils
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Arliss Ryan
Arliss Ryan (born July 24, 1950) is an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. Her seven novels include historical fiction, contemporary fiction and satire. Her short stories and essays have appeared in literary and commercial magazines.
Ryan graduated Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Michigan with a B.A. in English in 1971. For a time, Ryan worked at the United Nations as an administrative assistant, before pursuing writing full-time. Ryan's first novel, The Kingsley House, weaves stories around her ancestral home and was published by St. Martin's Press in 2000. It was featured in a 2000 volume of Reader's Digest Select Editions. The original Kingsley House still stands in Greenmead Historical Park in Livonia, Michigan. Ryan's second novel, the satirical How (Not) to Have a Perfect Wedding, was published by Sourcebooks in 2007 and was inspired by Ryan's experiences working on the event staff at the Astor's Beechwood Mansion.
Ryan's third novel, The Secret Confessions of Anne Shakespeare, is a work of historical fiction that takes romantic and creative liberties with the Shakespeare authorship question. In it, Ryan postulates William Shakespeare's wife Anne Hathaway is the true author of many of Shakespeare's plays. It was published by New American Library/Penguin Books in 2010.
Sanctuary, her fourth novel, is a tale of secrets, redemption, and the healing power of art and nature, as the lives of three women converge at a rundown New England estate.
In 2017, Ryan and her husband, naval architect Eric Sponberg, left the United States to sail around the world in their 35-foot sailboat Corroboree. Her website blog, “The Old Woman and the Sea,” chronicles their ongoing voyage. | WIKI |
Event - Log to file
The "Log to file" alert writes data to a text file whenever alert conditions are met.
Log times for entire route?
This option specifies if you want to write data to the text file just for the monitored host, or the entire route. Leaving this off means that for each time alert conditions are met, one data item will be written to the file - for the monitored host. If the switch is turned on, then data for the entire route will be written.
Filename:
The filename is *required* to have the $host variable in it (or some variable that changes depending on which host / target is being logged). If it is missing, then the file will be nonsensical if you attach this alert to more than one host. The following variables can be used as part of the filename. Note there is no way to "escape" the following sequences, so these are always parsed and can't be specified as literals in the filename.
$hostHost name (or IP address, if no name exists).
$hostipThe host IP address
$hostdnsnameThe resolved DNS name for the host
$yearCurrent Year
$monthCurrent Month
$dayCurrent day of month
$hourCurrent hour
$minuteCurrent minute
$secondCurrent second
$dateSame as $year-$month-$day.
$timeThe same as $hour$minute - note the absence of any punctuation - that's to make sure the file name is valid, if this mask is being used in a file name.
Note that only one directory level of depth will be created automatically if it doesn't already exist, so you can specify c:\ping data\$host\filename.txt and the $host directory will be created as needed. Only one directory of depth will be created, however, so if the c:\ping data directory didn't already exist, an error would occur.
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Charlie Parker was a legendary grammy award-winning jazz saxophonist, who invented the musical style called bop.
Charlie Parker was born on August 29, 1920 in Kansas City, Kansas. At age 7, Parker moved with his parents to Kansas City, Missouri. At the time, the city was a lively center for African-American music, including gospel, blues, and jazz. Parker had taken music lessons at school, later discovering his love for music. He played the baritone horn in the school band. By the time Parker was 15, the saxophone became the instrument of his choice. Parker started playing with bands on the local club scene while he was still in school. He loved playing the saxophone so much that in 1935, he decided to drop out of school in pursuit of a full-time musical career. During Parker’s short life, he was one the most important people within the jazz industry. | FINEWEB-EDU |
User:Ann-marierossiter
I am editing a Wiki Page Article:HeadBox as part of my job at HeadBox, I am making full disclosure of any conflicts of interest and will comply with Wikipedia's policies. | WIKI |
How to use the Minecraft server properly?
In addition to simplifying its use and allowing you to access more advanced features than the basic one, installing plugins on your Minecraft server gives you the possibility to proceed to a better administration, but also to ensure its security.
Installing plugins on Minecraft
The first step to installing plugins on your server is to log in to your account:
• first, log in to access the server interface: to do this, you need to access the control panel.
• then, after the connection, set up the installation of a jar server: you have the choice between Spigot, Cratfbukkit or other tools that you will judge more useful.
• For the next step, click on the tab named Plug-ins: after this step, you will just have to search for the plugins you want to install on your server and proceed to their installation.
This is a very simple step, you will only have to click on the "install" button once you have finished the search. However, it happens that the installation of some plugins is conditional on the presence of other plugins. You are looking for detailed information, check this out.
Plugins to choose for your Minecraft server
Updating your Minecraft server by installing plugins also means knowing how to choose the right type of plugins for your server. As in any field, there are a lot of plugins.
But while they are all called that, each type is different because of its unique characteristics. Below is a comprehensive list of some of the plugin types:
• Essentials: important for the proper functioning of your server, it allows access to several other commands.
• Vault: the fact that it provides a framework for the other plugins to work makes it a very important element.
• ProtocolLib : if for some it is useless, for others its importance is not in doubt. However, it is the foundation of several other plugins and allows quick access to certain features.
• WordGuard: its protection role is no longer in question.
• Quidboard: useful for creating dashboards and managing placeholders.
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Talk:12th man (football)/Archive 2
Protected edit request on 2 February 2014
you use the word boeing freighter in this article about 12 man should be fighter unless boeing is making ships.–<EMAIL_ADDRESS>
<IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 23:49, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
* I checked the sources used in the article. The term used in both of the cited sources for that material is "freighter". The jet in question is also stated in those sources to be a 747-8 cargo jet - so clearly not a fighter. --- Barek (talk • contribs) - 23:59, 2 February 2014 (UTC)
Aggy Bias
I think it is clear that a particular user is here with the goal of diminishing Texas A&M's claim to the trademark of the twelfth man. I'd like to think that any article or reference that uses "aggy" should be eliminated from this page. SimpsonsDidIt
* Please see WP:Verifiability and articulate your issue. UW Dawgs (talk) 05:23, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
* Anything that comes from hornsports.com should be considered a self published source.SimpsonsDidIt (talk) 05:41, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
* "aggy" is a derogative term of a student from Texas A&M University, and thus any potential website that would be used as a source that allows perjorative terminology such as "aggy" is inherintly biased against the school. This violates WP:NOTRELIABLE. — Preceding unsigned comment added by <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) 21:05, 14 February 2014 (UTC)
* Interesting that you think that, given the fact that the TAMU official sports websites uses "Aggies". In a sports context, I have never heard them referred to anything other than "Aggies", and as far as I can determine, that is the official term for their sports teams. Wschart (talk) 14:02, 24 March 2015 (UTC)
* At TAMU (or at UC Davis, for that matter), the singular version of "Aggies" is "Aggie" not "aggy." Spelling it wrong is what is perjorative. <IP_ADDRESS> (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:31, 13 November 2015 (UTC)
Texas A&M Trademark
It has been suggested that the citation used to discuss the details of the Texas A&M trademark license to Seattle is "not good enough" and that a citation is needed for the prohibition of Seattle selling any items with the "12th Man" term. I'm not certain why the cited source isn't suitable considering that they have included a copy of the actual legal document and also, as part of that agreement, article 9.1.b specifically states that Seattle is prohibited from selling "12th Man" merchandise. Macae (talk) 15:25, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
* Your [| recent edit] split the preceding sentences from their two supporting citations of http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2437992 and http://www.goodbullhunting.com/2014/1/19/5271954/12th-man-trademark-licensing-agreement-texas-am-aggies-seattle-seahawks.
* There are two components to your edit:
* "The agreement limits the Seahawks usage to seven states in the Pacific Northwest and forbids them from selling any "12th Man" merchandise."
* Neither are supported by the ESPN citation, with the second supported by the existing GBH PDF citation. Hence WP:Citation needed. You subsequently included a new citation which supports both. Note, WP:REFNAME is helpful for re-using the same citation throughout an article, which was another option in this case. UW Dawgs (talk) 19:27, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
* Fixed per WP:REFNAME. UW Dawgs (talk) 20:27, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
Some of the information regarding the trademark and lawsuits is repeated in two separate sections. Thoughts on perhaps making brief mention of lawsuits in the team section and then reserve the more specific details and results for the trademark portion of the article? Macae (talk) 22:32, 18 February 2016 (UTC)
MDY format vs DMY format
Presently, the article has both DMY (17 February, 2014) and MDY (February 17, 2014) formatting.
MOS:DATEUNIFY says:
Dates in article body text should all use the same format: Julia ate a poisoned apple on 25 June 2005, and died on 28 June (not ... on June 28).
WP:STRONGNAT says:
''Articles on topics with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the more common date format for that nation. For the United States, this is month before day; for most others, it is day before month.''
WP:DATERET says:
If an article has evolved using predominantly one format, the whole article should conform to it, unless there are reasons for changing it based on strong national ties to the topic or consensus on article talk.
The date format chosen by the first major contributor in the early stages of an article should continue to be used, unless there is reason to change it based on strong national ties to the topic or consensus on article talk.
Reviewing the article, #1 is presently an issue. There is only one section of four paragraphs related to association football, with a handful of other references throughout. Nearly the rest (80%+) of the full article text is about American football. So #2 applies. A review of the article history does not indicate #3 has ever applied re first major contributor. So, as date formats should be consistent within the article, and the content is predominantly about American football, and American football is tightly tied to US English date formats, I would like to standardize on the MDY format.
Opening on the Talk page for feedback and consensus. UW Dawgs (talk) 21:46, 17 February 2014 (UTC)
* Standardizing with the MDY format seems reasonable and logical. 22:40, 17 February 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Macae (talk • contribs)
American bias
Not once in the history section is football mentioned, only American football. Where's 95,6 % of the world in this?
Oh, great, there's a two paragraph long section, only slightly bigger than some obscure Texas A&M trademark issue that would not meet the criteria for Wikipedia's cherished so-called "notability" anywhere else in the world. The article reeks from self-importance, not neutrality. RhoDaZZ (talk) 16:39, 26 May 2015 (UTC)
* See Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Football. I don't think that there's much to add here. --Super Nintendo Chalmers (talk) 14:36, 24 August 2015 (UTC)
External links modified
Hello fellow Wikipedians,
I have just modified 6 external links on 12th man (football). Please take a moment to review my edit. If you have any questions, or need the bot to ignore the links, or the page altogether, please visit this simple FaQ for additional information. I made the following changes:
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140223040547/http://www.brahmafootball.com/12th-man-club.html to http://www.brahmafootball.com/12th-man-club.html
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140221180323/http://www.campbellsvilletigers.com/article/1815.php to http://www.campbellsvilletigers.com/article/1815.php
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140714233836/http://collegesportsblog.dallasnews.com/2014/07/texas-ams-latest-12th-man-lawsuit-target-buffalo-bills-fans.html/ to http://collegesportsblog.dallasnews.com/2014/07/texas-ams-latest-12th-man-lawsuit-target-buffalo-bills-fans.html
* Corrected formatting/usage for http://tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/program.pl?ID=532988
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20061229030439/http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/12thman.shtml to http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/12thman.shtml
* Added archive https://web.archive.org/web/20140212160011/http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/team/12thman.html to http://aggietraditions.tamu.edu/team/12thman.html
Cheers.— InternetArchiveBot (Report bug) 20:09, 24 May 2017 (UTC) | WIKI |
medical prognosis
Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Encyclopedia.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.medical prognosis - a prediction of the course of a diseasemedical prognosis - a prediction of the course of a disease
medical diagnosis - identification of a disease from its symptoms
References in periodicals archive ?
Trying to clarify after the inevitable firestorm, Northam's office later said that the "discussion" would be regarding medical prognosis and treatment, not ending the life of the newborn.
Already some families feel that they are not offered hospice as a choice, but instead are steered toward it when their older relatives fall ill, even when the medical prognosis is uncertain.
Already some families feel they are not merely offered hospice as a choice but are steered toward it when their older relatives fall ill, even when the medical prognosis is uncertain.
The government claimed that the medical records of the 123 patients at issue did not contain clinical information and other documentation that supported the medical prognosis, and thus, AseraCare's claims for those patients were false.
The initial medical prognosis was an eight to 12-week spell on the sidelines but he's yet to be cleared by his surgeon to do any contact work.
The medical prognosis for Ilabek, who suffered a severe brain injury and lost his left eye, is bleak but Anzhela is refusing to give up on him.
"I don't know the medical prognosis but if we're basing it on his character then I'd be positively optimistic he'll pull through because he's a tough guy.
* Terminal illness which is defined as a medical prognosis of life expectancy of approximately one year or less if the illness runs its normal course
"It's too early for a full medical prognosis on how long he'll be out, but it's likely he'll miss the internationals," Bath director of rugby Todd Blackadder said.
A recent medical prognosis has indicated that full recovery will be difficult and prolonged, leading to the need for Kevin to remain close to his family.
Full browser ? | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Nat Love
Nat Love (June 14, 1854 – February 11, 1921) was an American cowboy and writer active in the period following the Civil War. His reported exploits have made him one of the more famous heroes of the Old West.
Early life
Nat Love, (pronounced "Nate") was born into slavery on the plantation of Robert Love in Davidson County, Tennessee on June 14, 1854. His father was a slave foreman who worked in the plantation's fields, and his mother the manager of its kitchen. Love had two siblings: an older sister, Sally, and an older brother, Jordan.
Despite slavery-era statutes that outlawed black literacy, he learned to read and write as a child with the help of Sampson, his father. When slavery ended, Love's parents stayed on the Love plantation as sharecroppers, attempting to raise tobacco and corn on about 20 acres, but Sampson died shortly after the second crop was planted. Afterward, Nat took a second job working on a local farm to help make ends meet. At about this time, he was noted as having a gift for breaking horses. After some time of working extra odd jobs in the area, he won a horse in a raffle on two occasions, which he then sold back to the owner for $50 each time. He used the money to leave town, and at the age of 16, headed to the Western United States.
Life as a cowboy
Love traveled to Dodge City, Kansas, where he found work as a cowboy with cattle drivers from the Duval Ranch (located on the Palo Duro River in the Texas Panhandle). According to his autobiography, Love fought cattle rustlers and endured inclement weather. He trained himself to become an expert marksman and cowboy, for which he earned from his co-workers the moniker Red River Dick. In 1872, Love moved to Arizona, where he found work at the Gallinger Ranch located along the Gila River. He wrote in his autobiography that he met Pat Garrett, Bat Masterson, Billy the Kid, and others while working the cattle drives in Arizona.
"Deadwood Dick"
After driving a herd of cattle to the rail head in Deadwood, Dakota Territory, he claimed to have entered a rodeo on the 4th of July in 1876, enticed by the $200 prize money. The only difficulty with this story is that Deadwood newspapers, which covered every event of the Fourth of July celebrations, make no mention of a rodeo that day. He claimed to have won the rope, throw, tie, bridle, saddle, and bronco riding contests. It was at this rodeo that he claims friends and fans gave him the nickname "Deadwood Dick", a reference to a literary character created by Edward Lytton Wheeler, a dime novelist of the day.
Capture and escape
In October 1877, Nat Love wrote that he was captured by a band of Pima Indians while rounding up stray cattle near the Gila River in Arizona. Although he claimed to have received over 14 bullet wounds in his career (with "several" received in his fight with the Native Americans while trying to avoid capture), Love wrote that his life was spared because the Indians respected his heritage, a large portion of the band themselves being of mixed blood. He almost married the chief's daughter. The band of Native Americans nursed him back to health, wishing to adopt him into the tribe. Eventually, Love writes, he stole a pony and escaped into West Texas.
Life after being a cowboy
Love left the cowboy life before he settled down, and married a woman named Alice Owens, in Denver, Colorado, on August 2, 1888. They lived in Denver initially. He then took a job in 1890 as a Pullman porter, which involved overseeing sleeping cars on the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. While working for the railroad, he and his family resided in several western states, before finally moving to southern California.
In 1907, Love published his autobiography titled Life and Adventures of Nat Love, Better Known in the Cattle Country as 'Deadwood Dick,' by Himself, which greatly enhanced his legacy. Love spent the latter part of his life as a courier and guard for a securities company in Los Angeles. He died there in 1921 at the age of 66.
Written
Joe R. Lansdale used Love as a character in the story, Nine Hide and Horns, published in the anthology book Subterranean Online (2009); Soldierin, published in the anthology book Warriors (2010); the novella, Black Hat Jack (2014); and the novel, Paradise Sky (2015).
In 2012, his story was featured in the graphic novel Best Shot in the West by Patricia and Fredrick McKissack (script) and Randy DuBurke (drawings).
In 2022, the Denver Art Museum displayed Nat Love, A Cowboy's Life, a comic adaptation of his autobiography, written and drawn by R. Alan Brooks and colored by Lonnie MF Allen.
Film
In the television movie The Cherokee Kid (1996), Nat Love is portrayed by Ernie Hudson.
In They Die by Dawn (2013), Love is portrayed by Michael K. Williams.
Jonathan Majors portrayed Nat Love in the film The Harder They Fall (2021). | WIKI |
August Gustafsson Lohaprasert
August Gustafsson Lohaprasert (ออกัสต์ กุสตาฟส์สัน เลาหประเสริฐ, born 3 September 1993), sometimes spelled August Gustavsson Lohaprasret, is a Thai former professional footballer of Swedish descent who plays as a midfielder.
Personal life
August was born in Göteborg. His father is Thai and his mother is Swedish. | WIKI |
Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 16.djvu/95
The sixth line, divided, (shows) dragons fighting in the wild. Their blood is purple and yellow.
(The lines of this hexagram are all weak and divided, as appears from) the use of the number six. If those (who are thus represented) be perpetually correct and firm, advantage will arise. II. The same attributes are here ascribed to Khwăn, as in the former hexagram to Khien;—but with a difference. The figure, made up of six divided lines, expresses the ideal of subordination and docility. The superior man, represented by it, must not take the initiative; and by following he will find his lord,—the subject, that is of Khien. Again, the correctness and firmness is defined to be that of 'a mare,' 'docile and strong,' but a creature for the service of man. That it is not the sex of the animal which the writer has chiefly in mind is plain from the immediate mention of the superior man, and his lord.
That superior man will seek to bring his friends along with himself to serve his ruler. But according to the arrangement of the trigrams by king Wăn, the place of is in the south-west, while the opposite quarter is occupied by the trigram , as in Figure 2, Plate III. All that this portion of the says is an instruction to the subject of the hexagram to seek for others of the same principles and tendencies with himself to serve their common lord. But in quietness and firmness will be his strength.
The symbolism of the lines is various. Paragraph 2 presents to us the earth itself, according to the Chinese conception of it, as a great cube. To keep his excellence under restraint, as in paragraph 3, is the part of a minister or officer, seeking not his own glory, but that of his ruler. Paragraph 4 shows its subject exercising a still greater restraint on himself than in paragraph 3. There is an interpretation of the symbolism of paragraph 5 in a narrative of the o Kwan, under the 12th year of duke Khâo, 530. 'Yellow' is one of the five 'correct' colours, and the colour of the earth. 'The lower garment' is a symbol of humility. The fifth line is the seat of honour. If its occupant possess the qualities indicated, he will be greatly fortunate.
See the note on the sixth line of hexagram 1. What is there said to be 'beyond the proper limits' takes place here 'in the wild.' The humble subject of the divided line is transformed into a | WIKI |
Aderbal
Aderbal is a Portuguese-language masculine given name, derived from the Punic name Adherbal.
In the Portuguese language, Aderbal is the current spelling, being Adherbal an archaic version of the name.
* Aderbal Freire Filho (1941 – 2023), a Brazilian actor, theatrical director and television presenter.
* Estádio Aderbal Ramos da Silva, better known as Estádio da Ressacada, a football stadium in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil. | WIKI |
Page:May Walden - Woman and Socialism (1909).pdf/10
10 the middle of the 11th century, and was brought about chiefly by the growth of certain trades which had developed in the hands of the serfs, and also by the increased demand for certain goods which made their manufacture desirable. An even greater division of labor was made possible, for the workers no longer belonged to the land, but hired themselves out for a certain period of years as apprentices. After the trade was thoroughly learned, they could go forth as journeymen or journeywomen. All workers of a certain craft belonged to one guild, as the weaver's guild, the bookbinder's guild, etc. Guilds of female workers had the same rights and privileges as those of the men. Among them were the tanners, the furriers, saddlers, and harnessmakers, the bakers, seamstresses, embroiderers of coats-of-arms, tailors and goldsmiths.
The distinctive features of this system of production were, first, the combination of labor with a small capital, and second, the private ownership of the tools that were used. The guild-master, or mistress, bought the materials necessary, and worked in the shop with the apprentices, making the finished product. This finished article was sold directly to the customer. Whatever money was made was kept, as it did not have to be divided with a middleman. As the system developed, however, the master-guilders became more wealthy and tyrannical, and their apprentices and journeyers took sides against them in self-protection. As time passed, the master-guilders joined themselves into trade | WIKI |
wpm typing games
Bill Starr
This wpm typing games was added by ds26gte
Partial squats are never good. They neglect the hips and hamstrings. When an athlete stops above parallel, his/her knee joints are forced to halt the downward momentum. But once the athlete goes below parallel, that stress is transferred to the more powerful muscle groups in the hips (glutes), lumbars, hamstrings, and adductors. Full squats keep all these muscle groups proportionately strong.
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Score (WPM) distribution for this quote. More.
Best scores for this wpm typing games
Name WPM Accuracy
eventlogging 170.00 100%
irokei 123.76 99.2%
roachmill 119.04 99.5%
phillies_magic 114.17 95.7%
brad.day1 114.16 98.5%
roachmill 110.61 99.2%
somnus 109.88 98.7%
suzakujunior 109.08 99.2%
Recently for wpm typing games
Name WPM Accuracy
eventlogging 170.00 100%
tomlam009 54.70 97.0%
alihzubi 63.74 95.4%
jamesmells 41.80 95.9%
conanco7 73.92 97.0%
ciyo1026 40.55 97.5%
bxrlvr13 49.22 93.7%
lolcat 45.05 93.9% | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Burnings Calories on an Elliptical Machine!
Using a good quality elliptical training machine for your exercise has many great benefits. Firstly, they take up little space in the home so are suited to even the smallest of rooms.
They have also become considerably more affordable in recent years. Models like the Sole E95 Elliptical machine now bring professional level quality and features to the home user; features that were only able to be found in fitness clubs and hotels in the past.
How many calories can you burn on an elliptical machine, and is it as effective as other forms of exercise? This is the question that many new elliptical trainer owners have, as well as people who are considering buying their very first piece of gym equipment for the home.
The answer really comes down to how much work you are planning to put into your training. No matter what piece of equipment you are using, without the proper technique and dedication to regular workouts at a level that is intense enough to push your body, no improvement will ever be seen. But with the right level of commitment, you can be sure that you will be well on the road to achieving the weight loss and fitness that you are hoping for.
Elliptical Machines For Weight Loss
Weight loss is tough work, and knowing what to do to get the fastest and most long lasting results has turned weight loss into a billion dollar business around the world. But is it really that difficult? Can you really lose the weight you want using an elliptical trainer as all or part of your fitness plan? With the right workouts and commitment, as mentioned previously, then answer is: why not? Weight loss is all about burning more calories than you are taking in,
and thus, getting rid of the excess fat and preventing more fat from building up on your body. This is achieved through regular, ongoing exercise at a level that is intense enough to burn your desired amount of calories on a weekly basis
The best elliptical machines will be able to help you keep track of the statistics of your workout;
that is, the speed, incline, heart rate and even calories burned. However the latter is generally only a very rough estimate, as every person will have a different metabolism.
Elliptical Machines For Muscle Toning And Fitness
Beyond the weight loss goals that you most likely have, there is ongoing work to do in the areas of general fitness. After all, remaining a healthy weight for life is something that can only be done if your exercise is a continual part of your life.
Otherwise, the dreaded weight will simply be put back on. In other words, using an elliptical machine should be thought of as a long term lifestyle choice, rather than a short term one that exists only until you reach your targeted weight.
One of the really cool things about an elliptical machine, that is very difficult to replicate with any other equipment,
is the ability to “pedal” or walk backwards (safely). Consider it like walking up the stairs backwards; something that would be extremely difficult to do without injury, but could have potentially excellent benefits for your leg muscles.
With a forward incline on your elliptical machine, and walking in a forwards motion, the rear leg muscle are getting a great workout. This is the best way to target those particular muscles. Alternatively, going in a backwards direction with a down facing incline, the front leg muscles like the quads are being worked on.
It is therefore important that you really think about your workouts, and plan them in advance. Which particular muscle groups will you target today? Both, or just focus on one certain area? Planning your fitness schedule allows for a complete body workout, whilst giving each group of muscles sufficient time to recover before you focus on them again.
Why an Elliptical Machine?
Ellipticals are excellent for those with sensitive joints, older people, those with past or current injuries, or just for people who want something different to a treadmill or exercise bike. Ellipticals work the whole body more so than a treadmill or bike, rather than being purely lower half focused. They are an excellent choice for low impact cardiovascular exercise and provide the ability to work out with virtually no risk of injury, as you are not making hard contact with the ground, as is the case with running on a hard surface.
The Sole E95 is one elliptical training machine that has received great attention and many positive reviews, due to its high build quality, big feature set, and its low price. Equipment such as this allow any home user to benefit from the opportunities that an elliptical machine offers, including weight loss, general fitness, and muscle toning and strengthening.
As An Amazon Associate I Earn From Qualifying Purchases. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Talk:Cheng Youshu
Fact check awards
The article says "The Surviving Rice - 3rd Lu Xun Literary Prize (2005)" however the page Lu Xun Literary Prize says it is awarded every three years and 2005 was not one of those years. The two articles do not agree. Rincewind42 (talk) 16:07, 9 December 2013 (UTC) | WIKI |
node package manager
respirator
Watch keys in redis. Send a pubsub message when they expire or go away.
respirator
Watch keys in redis. Send a pubsub message when they expire or go away.
Why?
Redis doesnt fire pub sub events when keys expire and probably never will. This little guy just polls for the keys you're interested in and fires off a <key_name>_expired message. You can build really neat things with this.
Usage
// Setup respirator
var respirator = require('respirator').createServer();
// Shorcut for getting a redis pubsub connection
var pubsub = respirator.getRedis();
// Subscribe to all expired events respirator will fire off
pubsub.psubscribe('*_expired');
// Actual listener for the expired event
pubsub.on('pmessage', function(pattern, channel, message){
// pattern => *_expired
// channel => lucas:now_playing_expired
// message => {"key": "lucas:now_playing"}
console.log('Something expired! ', JSON.parse(message)['key']);
});
// Now let's actually do something with it.
// Say we want to store what song I'm currently listening to
// and then get notified when that expires.
var nowPlaying = {
artist: "Unknown Mortal Orchestra",
title: "Ffunny Ffrends",
id: "a9zcf",
album: "SXSW Sampler",
source: "http://soundcloud.com/austintownhall/sets/sxsw-sampler/"
};
var redis = respirator.getRedis();
redis.set('lucas:now_playing', JSON.stringify(nowPlaying));
redis.expire('lucas:now_playing', 600);
// Tell respirator to actually watch it.
// In 5 minutes we'll see the console.log pop up.
respirator.watchKey('lucas:now_playing'); | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
AWS Security Blog
Resource-Level Permissions for EC2–Controlling Management Access on Specific Instances
by Jim Scharf | on | in Announcements, Best Practices, How-to guides | | Comments
Note: As of March 28, 2017, Amazon EC2 supports tagging on creation, enforced tag usage, AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) resource-level permissions, and enforced volume encryption. See New – Tag EC2 Instances & EBS Volumes on Creation on the AWS Blog for more information.
We are happy to announce that we launched resource-level permissions for EC2 today. The official announcement can be found here. To help you take advantage of these new features for securing your EC2 environment, we will be publishing a series of posts covering common scenarios and best practices. This week’s guest blogger, Derek Lyon, Product Manager on the EC2 team, will explain how we address one of our most commonly-requested use cases: managing access to specific EC2 instances.
Customers have been able to use IAM policies to control which of their users or groups could start, stop, reboot, and terminate instances across all EC2 instances under an account. With this release of EC2-based resource permissions, customers can now strictly control which IAM users or groups can start, stop, reboot, and terminate specific EC2 instances. This ability to assign control of an individual instance to a specific user or group helps organizations implement important security principles like separation of duties (preventing critical functions from being in the hands of one user) and least privilege ( providing each user access only to the minimum resources they need to do their job). For example, you probably don’t want to give everyone in your organization permission to terminate business-critical production instances, so now you can assign that privilege to only a few trusted administrators. Below is a four-step process that will show you how to use our new resource-level permissions feature along with IAM policies to help protect specific instances.
Step 1: Categorize your instances
The most flexible way to categorize your instances is by tagging them. For smaller environments, simple descriptive tags like “critical=true” may be sufficient. For larger environments, you may want to organize your instances into more complex schemas using multiple tags. Some examples of tags that could be used to organize your instances include: “stack=prod”, “service_tier=1”, “app=corporate_website”, “layer=db”, “department=engineering”, “cost_center=153”. For information on how to apply tags to your instances, see the Tagging Your Amazon EC2 Resources documentation.
Step 2: Define how authorized users can (or can’t) manage specific instances
Because IAM policies are based on least privilege, users will not be able to manage your critical instances unless you give them permission to do so. To create a policy that defines permissions to start, stop, reboot, and terminate specific instances (e.g., the ones with a specific tag that you gave them, like “critical”), construct the policy as follows:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Action": [
"ec2:StartInstances",
"ec2:StopInstances",
"ec2:RebootInstances",
"ec2:TerminateInstances"
],
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"ec2:ResourceTag/critical":"true"
}
},
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:ec2:your_region:your_account_ID:instance/*"
],
"Effect": "Allow"
}
]
}
To add more security controls around users who manage specific instances, you may want to require the use of multi-factor authentication within a time period (e.g. the last 15 minutes). You can also force users to come from a trusted source IP range when making the start, stop, reboot, or terminate requests. You can construct this policy as follows:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Action": [
"ec2:StartInstances",
"ec2:StopInstances",
"ec2:RebootInstances",
"ec2:TerminateInstances"
],
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"ec2:ResourceTag/critical":"true"
},
"NumericLessThan": {
"aws:MultiFactorAuthAge": "900"
},
"IpAddress": {
"aws:SourceIp": "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/24"
}
},
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:ec2:your_region:your_account_ID:instance/*"
],
"Effect": "Allow"
}
]
}
Note that the policies above would only grant the ability to manage instances that have the tag you specified, in this case “critical”. If the user(s) to whom this policy is applied should have the ability to manage other, non-critical instances as well, then additional policy statements are required to define those other instances.
In some contexts, you may optionally choose to explicitly deny a group of users the ability to manage specific instances. Explicit denial policies are not generally required, since IAM is deny-all by default, but the use of an explicit deny policy can provide an additional layer of protection, since the presence of a deny statement will cause the user to be denied the ability to perform an action even if another policy statement would have allowed it. To explicitly deny a user the ability to manage a critical instance, construct the policy as follows:
{
"Version": "2012-10-17",
"Statement": [
{
"Action": [
"ec2:StartInstances",
"ec2:StopInstances",
"ec2:RebootInstances",
"ec2:TerminateInstances"
],
"Condition": {
"StringEquals": {
"ec2:ResourceTag/critical":"true"
}
},
"Resource": [
"arn:aws:ec2:your_region:your_account_ID:instance/*"
],
"Effect": "Deny"
}
]
}
Step 3: Lock down your tags
If you choose to use tags as a basis for setting permissions on instances, you will want to restrict which users have permissions to apply and remove tags. For EC2, you will want to restrict which users have permissions to use the ec2:CreateTags and ec2:DeleteTags actions, so that only these users will be able to change your instance inventory. We will be enabling tag-specific permissions for ec2:CreateTag and ec2:DeleteTags in the future, which will enable you to set permissions on a per-tag basis.
*August 2016 Update* One way to work around this is to use a combination of an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule and AWS Lambda to tag newly created instances. See How to Automatically Tag Amazon EC2 Resources in Response to API Events for more information.
Step 4: Attach your policies to IAM users
As with other IAM policies, you can attach any of the policies above to any IAM principal, including individual IAM users, groups, and roles. The policies will only apply to the principals they are attached to, so you will want to perform periodic audits to ensure that the policies have been deployed appropriately.
Additional Information
Below are some additional resources that you may find helpful as you create policies to manage instances:
• “IAM Policies”, a new section in the EC2 User Guide that provides an introduction to IAM policies for EC2 along with several use cases.
• “Permissions”, a new section in the EC2 API Guide that provides on overview on creating IAM policies for EC2 from an API perspective.
Watch the AWS Security Blog in the coming weeks for more examples of how to use EC2 resource-level permissions.
– Jim
TAGS: , | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
Academic Commons
Articles
Archaean plate tectonics revisited 2. Paleo-sea level changes, continental area, oceanic heat loss and the area-age distribution of the ocean basins
Abbott, Dallas Helen
In a previous paper, we derived plate tectonic models for continental accretion from the early Archaean (3800 m.y. B.P.) until the present. The models are dependent upon the number of continental masses, the seafloor creation rate and the continental surface area. The models can be tested by examining their predictions for three key geological indicators: sea level changes, stable isotopic evolution (e.g., continental surface area), and oceanic heat loss. Models of paleo-sea level changes produced by the accretion of the continents reproduce the following features of earth history: (1) greater continental emergence (lower sea level) during the Archaean than the Proterozoic; (2) maximum continental emergence about 3000 m.y. B.P.; and (3) maximum continental submergence (high sea level) from 30 to 125 m.y. B.P. The high sea level stand between 380–525 m.y. B.P. is only weakly reproduced, probably due to the simplified nature of the model. Changes in the number of continental masses can result in tectonic erosion or accretion of the continents, with resulting changes in sea level. The two major transgressions in the Phanerozoic, although still requiring some increase in the total terrestrial heat loss, can be sucessfully explained by a combination of increases in continental surface area and in seafloor creation rate. Changes in the total heat loss of the ocean basins predicted by our plate tectonic models closely parallel the changes in terrestrial heat production predicted by Wasserburg et al. (1964). This result is consistent with thermal history models which assume whole mantle convection. The history of changes in continental surface area predicted by our best continental accretion models lies within the ranges of estimated continental surface area derived from independent geochemical models of isotope evolution.
Files
Also Published In
More About This Work
Academic Units
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Published Here
January 21, 2016
Academic Commons provides global access to research and scholarship produced at Columbia University, Barnard College, Teachers College, Union Theological Seminary and Jewish Theological Seminary. Academic Commons is managed by the Columbia University Libraries. | ESSENTIALAI-STEM |
List of animated feature films of the 2020s
This is a list of animated feature films planned for release in the 2020s.
2020
See List of animated feature films of 2020
2021
See List of animated feature films of 2021
2022
See List of animated feature films of 2022
2023
See List of animated feature films of 2023
2024
See List of animated feature films of 2024
2025
See List of animated feature films of 2025
2026
See List of animated feature films of 2026 | WIKI |
Talk:Norah Aiton
thx
thanks from WiR - pls RT Victuallers (talk) 21:11, 27 October 2016 (UTC)
Doubt about the dates
Hi, I translated this article in italian for the Women in Architecture editathon, but here I found another birth and death year. 1904-1989 instead of 1903-1988. --Camelia (talk) 11:32, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
* Hi,, great that you translated it. I checked the dates carefully, because the ones I found are indeed different from the usual years given. I have a feeling that 1904-89 must have been established before it was easy to find digitised documents online. For instance, if you search with Tollenaar 1988 here the death date is clear. I also used paid services FindmyPast.co.uk and archived copies of The Times. Lelijg (talk) 12:51, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
* Just adding part of the notice in The Times of 1 September 1988: "On August 22nd, peacefully on holiday in Jersey, Nora Tollenaar (née Aiton) in her 86th year. Great-aunt of Ian and Jonathan Leapingwell...." etc. Lelijg (talk) 13:36, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
Updating the Infobox
Hi, and thank you for translating the page. I'll do that for the German Wikipedia as well! How can we change the infobox? Now it doesn't mention the date of death (age 116). Karatecoop (talk) 10:04, 13 May 2020 (UTC)Karatecoop | WIKI |
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