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10,004,000 | Operant conditioning of single unit activity in parietal cortex. | [
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10,004,001 | Two rhesus monkeys were trained to control firing patterns of single neurons in parietal cortex (areas 1, 2, 3, 5, 7) using an operant task previously applied to the study of precentral units. Twenty-four of 56 (43%) postcentral cells were controlled in contrast to 71 of 136 (52%) precentral units from these and 4 othe... | [
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10,004,002 | Cross-correlation analysis of interneuronal connectivity in the motor cortex of the monkey. | [
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10,004,003 | Pairs of neurones were recorded within the hand region of the precentral motor cortex of monkeys trained to squeeze a force transducer between the thumb and index finger. Neuronal discharges of a pair of cells, recorded through the same electrode, were first examined for their co-variation with force. The discharges of... | [
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10,004,004 | Neuronal-like features of TE671 cells: presence of a functional nicotinic cholinergic receptor. | [
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10,004,005 | The human medulloblastoma cell line TE671 has been investigated and found to have several 'neuron-like' properties, including the presence of a functional nicotinic receptor. The cell line TE671 is composed of at least 5 stable morphologic cell types. Resting potentials recorded with intracellular microelectrodes were ... | [
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10,004,006 | Oxygen dependence of dopamine-beta-hydoxylase activity and lactate metabolism in synaptosomes from rat brain. | [
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10,004,007 | Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity can be assayed in vitro in suspensions of rat hypothalamic synaptosomes by following tritium release from [2-3H]dopamine in the presence of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The activity is inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamate, fusaric acid, amphetamine, reserpine, and desipramine. It is n... | [
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10,004,008 | Electrolytic entorhinal lesions cause seizures. | [
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10,004,009 | The entorhinal cortex is a key site of interneuronal communication between a variety of cortical and subcortical areas and hippocampal formation. Lesioning the entorhinal cortex is commonly used in studies of the hippocampal formation, animal behavior and neuronal plasticity. We have found that electrolytic destruction... | [
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10,004,010 | Distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the rat brain stem nuclei. | [
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10,004,011 | The distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the individual nuclei of the rat brain stem was examined. Highest VIP concentrations in brain stem (greater than 1 ng/mg protein) are confined to dorsal regions, including periaqueductal gray and structures under the fourth ventricle. VIP concentrations are... | [
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10,004,012 | Muscarinic binding and choline acetyltransferase activity in Parkinsonian subjects with reference to dementia. | [
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10,004,013 | [3H]Quinuclidinylbenzilate ([3H]QNB) binding and choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity were studied in post-mortem brains from control and Parkinsonian subjects. CAT levels were reduced in the cortex and hippocampus of Parkinsonians. The apparent affinity of [3H]QNB for the muscarinic receptor was higher in both the... | [
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10,004,014 | The effect of increased CSF pressure on interstitial fluid flow during ventriculocisternal perfusion in the cat. | [
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10,004,015 | Transependymal absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in hydrocephalus is suggested by periventricular edema, but the necessary bulk flow of interstitial fluid (ISF) has not been found. We performed ventriculocisternal perfusions in adult cats using CSF with the extracellular marker [3H]sucrose. CSF pressure was maint... | [
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10,004,016 | A second forelimb motor area exists in rat frontal cortex. | [
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10,004,017 | Intracortical microstimulation of 40--50 points in the frontal cortex of ketamine-anesthetized rats using perpendicular penetrations has demonstrated a second forelimb area located rostrally near the frontal pole as well as confirming the existence of a more caudally located forelimb area just anterior to bregma. Corte... | [
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10,004,018 | Nerve regeneration model and trophic factors in vivo. | [
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10,004,019 | The proximal stump of a transected rat sciatic nerve has been observed to regenerate through a cylindrical silicone chamber across a 10 mm gap to the distal stump. The fluid filling such in vivo chambers contains trophic factors that ensure in vitro survival and growth of at least sensory neurons from rodent dorsal roo... | [
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10,004,020 | The sprouting of septal afferents to the dentate gyrus after lesions of the entorhinal cortex in adult rats. | [
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10,004,021 | The projection of the septum to the dentate gyrus has been demonstrated autoradiographically and the pattern of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in the dentate gyrus has been mapped histochemically, in a series of normal young adult rats and in a group of animals in which the entorhinal cortex had been ablated or i... | [
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10,004,022 | Decreased synaptic areas on Purkinje spines in the cerebellar cortex of the mutant Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. | [
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10,004,023 | 'Dark frayed feather nervous disorder' (dn) is a neurological mutation in quails in which the cerebellar cortex is abnormally organized. Purkinje cells are not aligned in a single row and show hypoplasia of the dendrites. The synapses between the parallel fibers and the spines of the Purkinje cell dendrites were examin... | [
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10,004,024 | Sensorimotor cortical projections to the marginal zone of the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. | [
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10,004,025 | An ultrastructural investigation of the marginal zone (lamina I) of the spinal trigeminal subnucleus caudalis was carried out in 7 adult cats at 30 h through 7 days after ablations of face area of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex. Corticofugal boutons were observed to undergo electron-dense degeneration in the mar... | [
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10,004,026 | Cutaneous receptive field alterations induced by 4-aminopyridine. | [
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10,004,027 | The hemispheric dominance of cortical cells in the absence of direct visual pathways. | [
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10,004,028 | Unit recording was carried out in the visual cortex of split chiasm and optic tract-sectioned adult cats. From the proportions of the visually responsive and unresponsive cells found in each hemisphere of the operated cats it was concluded that the indirect pathway via the corpus callosum becomes visually inactive unde... | [
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10,004,029 | Differential effects of exposure to an imprinting stimulus on 'spontaneous' neuronal activity in two regions of the chick brain. | [
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10,004,030 | Young chicks were placed in running wheels and exposed for a total of 3 h to an imprinting stimulus: a rotating flashing red light. Revolutions made towards the stimulus minus revolutions made away from it were totalled and are referred to as approach counts. After exposure, chicks were anaesthetized and two vertical e... | [
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10,004,031 | Restricted daily feeding does not entrain circadian rhythms of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat. | [
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10,004,032 | Neural activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in male albino rats was recorded under restricted daily feeding schedule. Circadian rhythm in multiple unit activity from the SCN showed essentially no interference with daily food cyclicity, while significant re-distribution of motor activities occurred during such ... | [
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10,004,033 | Species difference in circadian [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake by suprachiasmatic nuclei. | [
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10,004,034 | Hamsters exhibited a circadian variation in metabolic activity determined by [14C]2-deoxyglucose uptake in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, as has been previously reported for rats. The 13-line ground squirrel, a diurnal rodent, did not show a circadian variation in metabolic activity. The data are consistent with the hypot... | [
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10,004,035 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on culture glia cells. | [
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10,004,036 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (76 fmol/mg protein) were detected on cultured glia cells (astroblasts) from embryonic chicken brain by specific [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) binding at physiological conditions. The QNB binding (Kd = 9.5 x 10(-11)) to the intact cells seems to be cooperative (nH = 1.98) as shown ... | [
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0.083985... |
10,004,037 | Developmental loss of a smooth muscle muscarinic receptor population. | [
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10,004,038 | The radioligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate has been used to examine the muscarinic receptor population of the chick expansor secundariorum muscle during its post-hatch development. At hatch the muscle bound 0.165 fmol of the ligand, but during the following two weeks binding decreased rapidly. Further reduction in lig... | [
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10,004,039 | Release of GABA from the guinea-pig neocortex induced by electrical stimulation of the 'locus coeruleus' or by norepinephrine. | [
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10,004,040 | GABA release from the cortical surface was measured in freely moving guinea-pigs using collecting cups and a mass-fragmentographic method. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus caused a prolonged sedation of the animals and a 60% increase of GABA output from their cerebral cortex. Similar results were obtained after intra... | [
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10,004,041 | Evidence for dopamine as a transmitter in dorsal hippocampus. | [
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10,004,042 | Intrahippocampal distribution of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), was studied along with those of noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rats. DA concentration in the dorsal part of the hippocampus was found to be 4--10 times higher than in ot... | [
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10,004,043 | Morphine administration in the amygdala or periaqueductal central gray depress serum levels of luteinizing hormone. | [
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10,004,044 | The ability of morphine to depress serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) directly at extra-hypothalamic sites was examined in male rats with guide cannulae implanted bilaterally in either the amygdala or the periaqueductal central gray (PAG). While no alterations in serum levels of LH in blood sampled via a chronic ... | [
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10,004,045 | Comparative effects of estrogens and prolactin on nigral and striatal GAD activity. | [
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10,004,046 | The comparative effects of a 10 day estrogen treatment and estrogen independent hyperprolactinemia on nigral and striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) activity were investigated in male rats. Data obtained show that estrogen treatment decreases GAD activity in substantia nigra, while an increase was o... | [
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10,004,047 | Nitriphenol compound induces Ca-dependent exocytotic secretion of catecholamines by a direct effect on the plasma membranes of the adrenal medullary cells. | [
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10,004,048 | 2,4-Dinitrophenol induced Ca-dependent secretion of adrenaline from the perfused adrenals of the rabbits. Secretion of adrenaline was accompanied by that of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase showing the exocytotic nature, 2,4,5-Trinitrophenol, which is devoid of uncoupling activity, and other nitrophenol compounds were also ef... | [
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10,004,049 | Effects of iontophoretically applied (+)- and (-)-naloxone on rat hypothalamic and septal neurons. | [
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10,004,050 | The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible independent actions of both (+)-and (-)-naloxone on individual neurons in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH) and septal area (SA) of the rat brain. Morphine and (-)-naloxone were applied to 31 neurons in the SA (n = 11) and the POAH (n = 20). Morphine dep... | [
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10,004,051 | Raphe unit activity in freely moving cats: effects of phasic auditory and visual stimuli. | [
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0.0884189... |
10,004,052 | The effects of phasic auditory or visual stimuli upon the single unit activity of serotonergic neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were studied in freely moving cats. The predominant response to auditory stimulation (86% of the cells) was excitation, with a mean latency of 40 +/- 3 ms (S.E.M.) and a mean dura... | [
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10,004,053 | Membrane depolarization and prolongation of calcium-dependent action potentials of mouse neurons in cell culture by two convulsants: bicuculline and penicillin. | [
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10,004,054 | The convulsant compounds bicuculline (BICUC) and penicillin (PCN) are antagonists of GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition. In addition, we have shown that BICUC and PCN produced membrane depolarization of mouse spinal cord neurons in primary dissociated cell culture by blocking a potassium conductance, a non-synaptic dire... | [
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10,004,055 | Role of the nucleus parabrachialis in cardiovascular regulation in cat. | [
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10,004,056 | Electrical stimulation of the nucleus parabrachialis (NPB) and surrounding areas of the dorsolateral pons in anesthetized immobilized cats elicits a rise of arterial pressure (AP) and tachycardia: the parabrachial pressor response (PBPR). The most excitable sites were concentrated within the intermediate one-third of t... | [
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10,004,057 | Sensory stimuli differentially affect in vivo nigral and striatal [3H]serotonin release in the cat. | [
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10,004,058 | The effect of auditory, visual and peripheral nerve stimulation on in vivo [3H]serotonin release in both caudate nuclei and substantiae nigrae was studied in either awake 'encéphale isolé' or halothane-anesthetized cats. Release of endogenously synthesized [3H]serotonin was estimated in each brain structure, using push... | [
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10,004,059 | Prospective forebrain-midbrain from axolotl neurulae can be reprogrammed to differentiate as Mauthner cell-containing medulla. | [
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... |
10,004,060 | In premetamorphic amphibians, the Mauthner cells (M-cells), a single pair of large neurons, are present in the medulla at ear level. M-cells are easily identified morphologically. Lability of the major axes of the CNS in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) through midneural plate stages suggests that regionalization of t... | [
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10,004,061 | Vestibular axons form synapses on abnormally derived Mauthner cells. | [
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10,004,062 | Reduction of naturally-occurring cell death in the thoraco-lumbar preganglionic cell column of the chick embryo by nerve growth factor and hemicholinium-3. | [
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10,004,063 | A preganglionic cell column (column of Terni, CT) in the thoraco-lumbar spinal cord of avian embryos is first discernible on day 7.5-8. Between days 8 and 10 the number of visceral motoneurons in the thoraco-lumbar CT is reduced by 25-30%. Chronic administration of either nerve growth factor (NGF) or hemicholinium-3 sp... | [
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10,004,064 | The role of the noradrenergic system on the formation of synapses in the visual cortex of the rat. | [
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10,004,065 | Cochlear synaptogenesis after sectioning the efferent bundle. | [
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10,004,066 | The effect of electrical stimulation of brachiospinal nerves on protein synthesis in the forelimb regenerate of the newt. | [
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0.097... |
10,004,067 | Regenerating goldfish retinal explants: induction and maintenance of neurites by conditioned medium from cells originated in the nervous system. | [
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10,004,068 | Fiber outgrowth from goldfish regenerating retinas can be induced by conditioned medium of cloned cells which originated in the nervous system, i.e. glioma and neuroblastoma. Dilution of the released factor(s) was required to achieve optimal effect; high concentrations are detrimental. The fibers can be maintained for ... | [
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10,004,069 | Factor(s) from goldfish brain induce neuritic outgrowth from explanted regenerating retinas. | [
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0.0346369... |
10,004,070 | The extensive outgrowth from explanted goldfish retina in vitro stimulated by the axotomy of the optic nerve several days prior to the explantation, enables a more direct examination of the events which accompany optic nerve regeneration. Thus far neuritic outgrowth has been obtained in serum-containing medium. In the ... | [
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10,004,071 | Neuronal discharge patterns in the occipital cortex of developing rats during active and quiet sleep. | [
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0.09663... |
10,004,072 | Spontaneous action potentials were recorded at 1 mm depth (layer IV/V) in the occipital cortex of free moving rats between 8 and 60 days of postnatal age. Neuronal firing rates during quiet sleep (QS) increased sharply around day 11-12, parallel with an increase in the amplitude of EEG slow waves. The QS discharge patt... | [
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0.13712... |
10,004,073 | Variations in gene expression during development of the rat cerebellum. | [
-0.029111646115779877,
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0.015925638377666473,
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10,004,074 | Prominent variations in the concentration and composition of poly (A)-containing messenger RNA were found to occur during the postnatal development of the rat cerebellum. The concentration of mRNA (microgram/g cerebellar tissue) was determined to be the highest on the tenth postnatal day, at the onset of synaptogenesis... | [
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0.02... |
10,004,075 | Morphology of developing cerebral cortical synaptosomal fractions isolated from eu- and hypothyroid rats. | [
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0.031... |
10,004,076 | Synaptosomal fractions isolated from the cerebrum of eu- and of hypothyroid rats during the neonatal period were analyzed by electron microscopy. This analysis revealed 3 main components: presynaptic endings, growth cones and unidentifiable structures that may be dendritic in origin. Since the size and the percentage o... | [
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0.0202... |
10,004,077 | Nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation of cholinergic telencephalic neurons in aggregating cell cultures. | [
0.043784379959106445,
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0.090606190264225,
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0.00289... |
10,004,078 | The addition of nerve growth factor (2.5S NGF) to serum-free aggregating cell cultures of fetal rat telencephalon greatly stimulated the developmental increase in choline acetyltransferase activity. Two other neuronal enzymes, acetylcholinesterase and glutamic acid decarboxylase, showed only slightly increased activiti... | [
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10,004,079 | Spinal cord neuronotrophic factors (SCNTFs): I. Bioassay of schwannoma and other conditioned media. | [
0.021639470010995865,
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0.04775751009583473,
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0.03138819709420204,
0.05... |
10,004,080 | We present a procedure for the dissociation and growth in serum-free defined culture medium of 4-day chick embryo lumbar spinal cord (LC4) neurons. LC4 neurons will not survive for even 24 h without the addition of trophic supplements (putative spinal cord neuronotrophic factors, SCNTFs). Serum-free medium conditioned ... | [
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0.07060901820659637,
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0.052... |
10,004,081 | Axolemma-enriched fractions isolated from PNS and CNS are mitogenic for cultured Schwann cells. | [
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0.021... |
10,004,082 | On the species and substrate specificity of conditioned medium enhancement of neuritic outgrowth from spinal cord explants. | [
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0.007362776901572943,
0.09... |
10,004,083 | Order in the developing rat trigeminal nerve. | [
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0.0876... |
10,004,084 | Cortical binocularity is disrupted by strabismus more slowly than by monocular deprivation. | [
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0.03906268626451492,
0.02940956875681877,
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10,004,085 | Retinocollicular projections in the neonatal rat: an anatomical basis for plasticity. | [
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0.08... |
10,004,086 | The sensitive period for strabismus in the kitten. | [
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0.0014136616373434663,
0.012681055814027786,
0.032356... |
10,004,087 | Responses of raphe magnus neurons to systemic morphine in rats. | [
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0.1340487152338028,
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0.0656... |
10,004,088 | The spontaneous firing rate of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) neurons increased, decreased or were not altered in Wistar rats after various doses of morphine were administered intravenously. Dose-related changes were observed only in neurons which displayed increased firing frequency. Naloxone antagonized the morphine-indu... | [
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0.09356927871704102,
0.013283459469676018,
0.095762483... |
10,004,089 | The central responsiveness of the acute cerveau isolé rat. | [
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0.... |
10,004,090 | The electrophysiological patterns of the frontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus were studied in the acute cerveau isolé rat. Central and peripheral stimulations were performed in order to modulate these patterns. The results showed that the permanent alternation of high amplitude spindle bursts and low voltage activity ... | [
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10,004,091 | Chemoreceptors for serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), histamine (H) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on rabbit visceral afferent neurons. | [
0.0448983833193779,
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0.0528812222... |
10,004,092 | The somata of type 'C' neurons in rabbit nodose ganglion are endowed with receptor sites for 5-HT, BK, ACh, II and GABA. 5-HT and ACh application to type 'C' neurons in the nodose ganglion of rabbits produced a rapid depolarization associated with an increased membrane conductance, most likely to Na+ and K+. BK and H e... | [
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0.0876741... |
10,004,093 | Effects of peripheral stimulation on the activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and midbrain reticular formation of rats. | [
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0.019328152760863304,
0.0840065... |
10,004,094 | Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the substantia nigra, including the zona compacta (SNC) and the zona reticulata (SNR), and the midbrain reticular formation (FOR) of adult female albino rats anesthetized with urethane and chloral hydrate. Based on electrophysiolog... | [
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0.1249... |
10,004,095 | 5-HT receptors and hyper- or hypothermia: elucidation by catecholamine antagonists injected into the cat hypothalamus. | [
0.03665982931852341,
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0.002... |
10,004,096 | Synaptic inputs and action potentials of magnocellular neuropeptidergic cells: intracellular recording and staining in slices of rat hypothalamus. | [
0.004365736152976751,
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0.03... |
10,004,097 | Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and action potentials of magnocellular neuropeptidergic cells (MNCs) in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) were studied with intracellular recording in coronal slices of rat hypothalamus. The fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow (LY) was injected intracellularly a... | [
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0.04170268028974533,
0.069... |
10,004,098 | Dependence of the viability of neurons in hippocampal slices on oxygen supply. | [
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0.02252... |
10,004,099 | Hippocampal slices were tested for their viability by recording monosynaptic responses in granule cell and CA3 pyramidal cell layer. Subsequently, they were studied by light and electron microscopy. Cross sections through the slices contained intact cells clustered in the central part, while the rims consisted of swoll... | [
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0.002063143765553832,
-0.014585509896278381,
-0.00855690985918045,
0.0016665367875248194,
0.01... |
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