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RE: Interop issue: Proposal for fixing lock token provision
From: Lisa Dusseault <lisa@xythos.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Oct 2002 11:40:34 -0700
Message-ID: <003a01c26efa$306a08d0$b701a8c0@xythoslap>
The client should be able to choose either of the headers you use as
examples, depending on whether they want the request to succeed even if
lock tokens are invalid.
When the client submits "New-If-Header: token-1, token-2" (note the
comma) the client wants the request to succeed, as can be seen by the
fact that it is not issuing a conditional request. So:
1. If token-1 is not needed, or doesn't correspond to a live lock,
the request doesn't fail.
2. Same for token-1.
When the client submits "If:<lockroot-1> (<token1>) <lockroot-2>
(<token-2>)", the client is forcing the request to fail if the
conditions aren't met. If that's what the client wants, then fine. But
if the client wants the request to succeed, I would hope the client
could use something else, because:
1. If token1 is invalid, or doesn't match lockroot-1, the request
2. Same for token2
Syntactic "swill" is important in this case because when moving a
directory with a bunch of locked files, the syntactic "swill" of the
existing if header can result in a request that is impossible to
successfully convey to the server because of bad support (in proxies,
firewalls or servers) for very long header values.
Client effort may or may not be reduced. Client effort is definitely
reduced in these cases:
1. The client has been able to put all their lock tokens in the
"New-If-Header" value without having to sort which ones apply to which
URLs and which ones are "required" for this operation.
2. If a lock has gone away, the client is not forced to (a) parse
the error and (b) reformat request without offending tokens and (c)
reissue the request, which they want to work, just in order for it to
I fail to understand how these are "separate issues". The proposal has
several advantages described. It can be interoperable with the existing
client/server deployed base because nobody has to change how they
send/handle the existing IF header. Perhaps you want to compare this to
another proposal that would solve some of the same problems, but if
that's the case, then I cannot answer because I do not understand what
the alternate proposal is.
-----Original Message-----
On Behalf Of Clemm, Geoff
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 10:44 AM
To: 'Webdav WG'
Perhaps you could explain this with an example?
In particular, whenever you would have a client submit:
New-If-Header: token-1 token-2
I would have that client submit:
If: <lockroot-1> (<token1>) <lockroot-2> (<token-2>)
Other than the minor syntactic swill, and the addition of the
lockroot tag, what is the difference in terms of client effort?
(Semantically of course there is a difference, in that
you cannot submit invalid lock tokens in If, but
that is a separate issue).
-----Original Message-----
From: Lisa Dusseault [mailto:lisa@xythos.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 08, 2002 12:44 PM
To: 'Clemm, Geoff'; 'Webdav WG'
> Using a different header to submit tokens doesn't make it any easier
> for a client to decide what tokens to submit in the header.
Yes it does, which is one of the major reasons client developers have
asked for this to be fixed: it makes it possible for clients to submit a
bunch of lock tokens for the same "area" of the namespace, even if the
client is not sure whether the server would require each lock token.
Since servers are different in how they require lock tokens for various
operations, this allows clients to submit as many lock tokens as they
believe they need, without failing on some servers.
Received on Tuesday, 8 October 2002 14:41:46 UTC
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A Far-Off Fairy Tale
In a land not too far away, lived a Prince who was actually just a Duke but all his other family members had been killed in a freak landslide that destroyed the castle, and as the last remaining royal family member left he was promoted to Prince.
This Prince was doing what Princes do, holding court with pretty maidens and being charming, when a courier burst into the palace, which wasn’t actually a palace as that had been destroyed and instead was the nicest house on the hill above the village, and screamed red murder. He couldn’t scream blue murder as there were ladies present and using blue language was frowned upon.
The courier rushed to the Prince who was really a Duke and told of an army of invaders that had broken through their defenses, their defenses being two local farm hands, a baker and a really large seamstress because the kingdom’s army had been washed away in a flash flood just the year before.
The Prince quickly called to arms all available women in the village, as he’d learned over the years that women fought meaner than men when their families were on the line, and quickly donned his royal armor and grabbed his sword.
Upon his mighty steed, which was a camel he had bartered from a traveling Sheik earlier in the year, after all the horses had come down with mad cow disease and had died, and charged with his army into the fray.
He was astonished to find that the invaders were men, women and even some children, and for an invading arming, they were rather cumbersome and slow. Zombies, he realized, what were the odds? It took almost no effort at all to vanquish the first wave, in fact the ladies set up a refreshment stand just behind them where they could have tea and wait for the next couple of invaders to lumber up. The Prince simply lopped off their heads with his sword.
The maidens found other ways to destroy the brains of the zombies, some used tools, some weapons, and one maiden opened her corset and the zombie’s head simply imploded. She was the oldest maiden in the village, a spray one hundred and two.
The Duke Prince was enjoying his second cup of tea and a biscuit when he saw there was only one Zombie left, and it was still half a mile or two away. Feeling generous, and in the mood to be charming, he kissed each of the ladies on the fingers, and sent them home to their husbands, then he started to stroll down towards the oncoming zombie.
It was a beautiful spring day, he thought, as took the time on his walk to smell the flowers and watch a butterfly flitter about the bushes on the side of the road. So intent in his merriment he did not pay attention to where he was going, and when he tripped over something he was forced to look down at his feet.
Bodies, he realized. Hundreds of bodies all strewn along the road, all half eaten and, at the least, mostly dead. Appalled by the sight, he scrambled backwards, felt the crunch of a dead person’s arm and fell onto the road. The Prince who was once a Duke had never seen a real battle, not like this and the carnage shocked and frightened him.
He saw that the lone Zombie was getting closer, so he started to rise to his feet and realized that he had badly wrenched his ankle and lost his sword! He started hobbling back towards his village, calling out for help, but as he had sent all the women home, there was no one to hear him.
Too soon the Zombie was upon him and the Prince who had been a Duke and would now, never be King, cried out as the Zombie grabbed him and sunk his wide, carnivorous mouth into his skull.
The Prince’s brain was made of candy, because after all, this is a fairy-tale. Such a sweet treat for the Zombie that he munched and crunched until he’d eaten the whole thing up. But as he stood, he got a horrible sugar headache.
“Arrrrghhhhhaggrhhhhh,” he growled, which was Zombie for I’ll just walk it off.
So, down the road he went, toward the village that would no doubt have more candied brains. But after a few slumberous steps his tummy twinged. Then it twanged. Then it really started to hurt. He slowed, which for a zombie means he stopped, and dropped down on the ground. He must have eaten something that didn’t agree with him, but he couldn’t think what.
He lifted up his tattered shirt and stared at his protruding stomach, then saw an eyeball staring at him from where his belly button used to be.
“Hello? Anyone out there?” the eyeball asked moving around and around in the zombie’s stomach, trying to get a better view.
“Arrrrggggehhehhggggeeahh?” the Zombie growled which meant who are you and what are you doing in my tummy?
“I’m a Bogeet” the eyeball said. “I’m what you get from eating too much candy.”
“Arrrrggggghhhhhhrggg?” Can you please get out of my tummy, was what the Zombie tried to say.
“I’m trying but this is the only hole I can find and I won’t fit through it. Any suggestions?”
As the Zombie had just eaten a brain he was a little smarter than what he would usually be and thought of a way. He tensed up and let loose an enormous fart that poofed out behind him in pink and yellow puffs.
“Well now!” said the Bogeet, once the candy coloured smoke had cleared and it found itself standing outside of the Zombie’s body. “That is so much better! Thank you very much.”
“Arrrgg.” Welcome, was the Zombie’s response as he stared at the pink, yellow and green striped creature that had one eye, three arms and four legs.
“I bet your tummy feels better, now?”
The Zombie nodded. His stomach ache was gone and he felt so much better. He continued to stare at the Bogeet for a long moment, as if trying to remember what it was. An eaten brain doesn’t last long in the memory of a Zombie so he was unable to recall what he had been doing earlier. He reached over and ate the candy coloured creature. Because that’s just what zombies do.
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February 26, 2018 · 3:27 am
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Q:
Django: Add foreign key in same model but different class
I'm new to Django. How to add foreign key in same Model of different class?
from django.db import models
class Student(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
address = models.CharField(max_length=200)
class Player(models.Model):
student = models.ForeignKey(
self.Student, #?
on_delete = models.CASCADE,
)
sports_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
A:
You don't need use self, just leave only class name Student:
class Player(models.Model):
student = models.ForeignKey(
Student,
on_delete = models.CASCADE,
)
sports_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
Use self in case you need to get attribute of current instance: self.some_attribute, check this question for more details.
Also you can pass model name as the string:
class Player(models.Model):
student = models.ForeignKey(
'Student',
on_delete = models.CASCADE,
)
sports_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
It's called lazy relationship and usefull when related model is not defined yet.
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Developing Computer-Based Training for the Transit Industry
If your organization is thinking about adding CBT to its repertoire of training delivery methods, there are some important nuts and bolts issues that need to be considered during the initial stages of the development process. This article is intended to help identify potential pitfalls and avoid some common mistakes so that new CBT modules are as effective and successful as they need to be.
Knowing When to Use CBT
Computer-based training is a wonderful tool, but it is not the solution for all of your training needs. There will always be a place for traditional classroom-based and practical, hands-on instruction in the training landscape. You can increase the number of possible training applications for CBT by using it in blended learning environments, essentially combining CBT with traditional instruction, but there are certain limits to its effectiveness as a stand-alone delivery mechanism. As a general rule, CBT is not the preferred method for delivering the following types of training:
• Long or multiple-day training programs.
It is generally accepted that a trainee will lose interest, and their overall retention rate will decrease after about 30 minutes of CBT time. You can get around this general limitation by breaking the content up into smaller, more manageable CBT modules. That being said, you can’t simply replace a 40-hour instructor-led training program with a similar-sized CBT. There’s just too much content to put into the CBT box. Remember, depending on your network capacity and the way you’re planning to launch the program, the bigger the CBT, the longer it will potentially take to load and the slower it will run. And from a budgeting perspective, the more time, effort and money it will cost.
• Programs that normally require a lot of interaction.
Without an instructor present, the only thing the trainee can interact with is the computer screen. Yes, you can add exercises, reference material, external links, avatars (animated characters), etc. to your CBT to make the content more comprehensive and interactive. If you have the appropriate IT infrastructure, you can even incorporate real-time communication with an instructor and/or other trainees. However, the more bells and whistles you add to the CBT, the more you run the risk of allowing the program to lose its focus or becoming too long. In addition, you may also inadvertently provide the trainee with opportunities to become lost by requiring them to drill down or interact with too many layers of information. And there is also the very real possibility the trainee will have questions that you just did not factor into your content.
• Programs that require practical or operational certification.
You can certainly use a CBT program to introduce a practical subject. CBT exercises and simulations can be powerful learning tools. But certification usually involves an instructor observing the trainee physically demonstrating the required skills in the real work environment.
• Programs with a short shelf life.
Unless you’re planning to buy an off-the-shelf product or you have experience producing CBTs in-house, developing a full blown CBT program for a topic that has a short lifespan can be an expensive exercise in both time and money.
• Programs with a small audience.
Similar to the above, if your CBT program is used infrequently it’s going to take a long time for you to receive a return on your development investment.
Selecting Appropriate Source Material
As with different types of training programs, not all content is suitable for development into CBT. Source material that hasn’t been validated, contains unstable information or depends on multiple resources is not the best subject for a CBT module. Use the following guidelines to determine whether your content is a good fit for a CBT program:
• Have the users validated the content?
Many agencies are spending a lot of time and effort to document their operational and maintenance procedures. Sometimes there is a disconnect, however, between what is written in the procedure and what actually happens on the shop floor. After developing a beautifully interactive CBT program, the last thing that you want to hear from an end user is, “That’s not the way we do things down here.” Make sure that your source material matches the reality of the business flow. Performing a dry run of the procedure is a good way to determine whether it’s ready to be developed as a CBT. Using actual practitioners as your subject matter experts will also help to mitigate this problem.
• Is the content stable?
Developing a CBT takes time and money. You don’t want to waste your valuable development resources on a subject matter that changes all the time. If a maintenance procedure is in a constant state of flux or contains products and tools that change frequently, then the resulting CBT will require constant revision. You can try to avoid this to some extent by stepping back and making your instructions less specific — more process than procedure. Unfortunately this can also make your content seem vague or down right confusing. I offer the following as a slightly exaggerated example, “Turn the approved nut in the appropriate direction using the approved tool after applying the approved lubricant.” Your best bet is to look for material that contains information that is fairly static and secure.
• Does the content have a discrete beginning, middle and ending?
While not impossible, source material that contains a lot of branching or decision blocks (“if this, then this…”), or material that depends on a lot of assumed knowledge and/or supporting information can be difficult to turn into an effective CBT. The more the trainee is channelled into smaller subsets of specialized information, the more difficult it can be to return to the main flow of the lesson.
Inspection-based procedures can be particularly tricky because the trainee is often required to follow a series of “if/then” decision blocks as they zero-in on a specific problem. Likewise, a trainee who is unfamiliar with a new work environment may be required to interrupt their progress through a set of work instructions in order to gain background information from supporting documentation and/or internal links.
Both of these situations have the potential for drawing the trainee further and further away from the main thrust of the CBT. Granted, most maintenance procedures are more complicated than simply moving from A-to-B-to-C, but subject matter that jumps from A-to-Q-or-R-or-S and then back to B can be very difficult to map out from an instructional design perspective.
Incorporating the Principles of Adult Learning Theory
Without going into a separate thesis, let’s acknowledge that adults learn differently from children. Adult learning theory is not something new; it’s been accepted for many, many years.
Let’s also acknowledge that the things we typically learn in the workplace are different from what we were required to learn in school. Taking the above as a given let’s now look at some simple concepts that you should consider incorporating in your CBTs to ensure that learning actually takes place. These concepts are based on the work of Malcolm Knowles and other experts in the field of adult education.
• Adults want to know why they are required to learn something.
Ensure that your CBT explains why a particular task, skill or behaviour is important to the trainee. Adults want to know, “What’s in this for me, why do I need to learn this?” Providing a reason and a context for the instruction will help motivate the trainee to learn the required skills.
• Adults learn best through practical application.
Since adults learn best by doing, try to include meaningful activities in your CBT. The use of exercises, simulations, quizzes and even games are common ways for the trainee to apply and re-enforce the skills and knowledge they are learning. You can also consider adding a demonstration piece or practical exercise on the subject when the trainee returns to the work site.
• Adults bring their own experience to the learning situation.
Adults draw on their experience to help them solve problems. They each come with a repertoire of skills and knowledge that they can use when called upon to learn something new. Unfortunately they also have different levels and types of knowledge and experience. And to further complicate matters, individual learning styles are often different from trainee to trainee. As a result, there are two things you should bear in mind when you’re designing a job-related CBT: 1) Use the knowledge that a trainee should already possess as the basis for teaching new information, and 2) Attempt to cover as many different learning styles as possible by presenting the information in several different formats. This second point involves the use of elements such as: text, audio, graphics and practical exercises to deliver the training content.
• Adults like to apply what they learn as soon as possible.
Like the old adage says, “If you don’t use it, you lose it.” Adults learn best when the subject matter has an immediate application for them. As a result CBT can work extremely well as just-in-time training in the work environment. You can use CBT:
1. When an employee transfers into a new section.
2. As a refresher before a worker starts a job that he or she hasn’t completed in a long time.
3. When a new piece of equipment or a new business process arrives in the department.
Your CBT module should contain information that the trainees can use right away. It should allow them to learn at their own pace and gain insight from their mistakes in a safe and controlled environment.
Beware of Dancing Baloney
There is another old adage that says, “Just because you can, doesn’t mean you should.” It’s very easy to get carried away with all the bells and whistles that are available to the CBT developer.
If you’ve ever sat through a meeting where the speaker has fallen in love with all the slide transitions, animations, sound effects and special features their presentation software has, then you understand. It all becomes too distracting after a while. The same thing happens in a CBT. The more “stuff” put on screen, the harder it is for the trainee to find the really important information. Things to consider when designing the user interface:
• Create a style guide or template for the on-screen elements.
A little upfront planning and consistency will have a huge impact on the look and feel of your module. If your user interface is predictable and easy to understand, then the trainee will feel more comfortable. The less confusion they feel, the easier it will be for them to absorb your content:
1. Choose a base font and font size for on-screen text.
2. Ensure sufficient contrast between text and the background screen so that it can be comfortably read.
3. Ensure your on-screen text is grammatically correct.
4. Apply a consistent formatting scheme and to all text (for example, do not use underlining for emphasis — it makes the word or phrase look like a hypertext link).
5. Establish a consistent hierarchy of headings, labels and titles.
• Nothing should appear on screen that doesn’t support or advance learning.
It’s easy to be seduced by glitzy effects and special features. But if the special effect doesn’t advance the learning — or worse still, gets in the way — what good is it? An interface that includes a cluttered screen, alarming colors, flashing lights, dramatic changes in font size, unnecessary sounds, animation for the sake of animation, and complicated screen transitions will cause the trainee to lose focus and concentrate on the medium instead of the message. Basically, it all boils down to two things: don’t distract the trainee and don’t interrupt the learning process. In the case of on-screen elements, more is definitely less.
• Ensure the trainee can always get back to the lesson.
If you’ve ever become lost while surfing the Internet, then you know how difficult it can be to find your way out. Jumping from link to link, or drilling down through multiple layers of information is like exploring a cave. You never know where the next twist or turn is going to take you. So, if you’re planning to include pop-ups, PDF files, hypertext links and other navigational elements in your CBT, ensure that:
1. There are no dead end links.
2. On-screen elements such as pop-ups can be easily closed.
3. Viewing supporting information doesn’t require opening another application.
4. Module travel is bi-directional.
Working With an External Vendor
If you want to incorporate CBTs into your training catalog, but you don’t have the time, resources or skills to develop them in-house, then you’re probably thinking about working with an outside vendor. There are lots of companies and individuals who specialize in this form of program development to choose from. Here are some things to consider when you’re going out into the CBT developer market:
• Off-the-shelf vs. custom content.
If you’re looking for a quick fix to a relatively generic problem, then purchasing an off-the-shelf product is a great way to get training where it is needed fast. There are lots of good communication, customer service, sales, safety, etc. CBT programs available from a wide range of reputable suppliers. There are a number of vendors who specialize in more industry-specific training programs, such as rail infrastructure or diesel equipment to name a couple of examples. Some of the larger equipment manufacturers also offer CBT modules as part of their training packages. But, if you’re looking for information that reflects your specific operational environment and equipment, then custom content development is probably the way to go.
• Look for a custom content developer, not a subject matter expert.
There are three elements involved in producing a successful CBT module:
1. Content — the required information from several sources, including a subject matter expert.
2. Instructional Design — organizing and presenting the content in a way enabling absorbtion, retention and ultimately demonstrative mastery of the required information.
3. Computer Interface — the box that holds the content, as well as the plumbing that enables the user to move through the program.
Generally speaking, a good custom content developer has two of these three elements. They have the technical skills and equipment required to build a good box for your content. They also have the instructional design background necessary to transform your base content into a successful learning tool. As the course originator, you have to supply the third element, which is the actual subject material. You know what your organization wants and how it operates. Obviously, as the person paying the bills, you also have a say about how the other two development elements are going to be executed.
If you find a supplier who claims to be an expert in all three of these areas, be sure to review their credentials and ask for references, and insist upon seeing samples of their work. Solid instructional design skills are often the missing element in an external subject matter expert’s development equation. In other words, they may know what needs to be said, but they don’t know how to say it. Unless the principles of sound instructional design are incorporated into the CBT development process, the resulting module will probably contain factual information, it may even look good, but it will likely be useless as a learning tool.
Managing the Development Process
Regardless of whether you’re working with a vendor or producing the CBT yourself, you have to manage the development process. Now, some of the following roles may be collapsed in smaller organizations, but typically CBT production involves: trainers, subject matter experts, instructional designers and/or outside vendors, client departments and IT departments.
In other words, someone to build the module; someone who knows what should go into the module; someone who wants, or who will benefit from the module; and, someone who enables the module to be accessed within the organization. As a result it takes a lot of communication and collaboration to be successful. Here are some things I’ve learned that help eliminate surprises during the development process:
• Consider some upfront questions affecting module construction.
Before you begin to actually develop your CBT there are some important upfront questions you need to consider that will have a significant impact on how you design the module. Questions like:
What are the course objectives?
Who are the end users?
Will the program be used for initial training, refresher training or both?
Is the CBT module a stand-alone program, or is it part of a larger course?
Is there a course pass/fail requirement?
Is there a need for formalized testing?
Is there a practical or hands-on component?
Do you need to track and record trainee progress and performance?
The answers to all these questions and possibly many more should go into some kind of a design document for the module. Trust me; you’ll avoid a lot of headaches, revisions and expenses later on if you go into the development process with a plan.
• Ensure your infrastructure will support access to the CBT.
In a perfect world you already have a learning management system (LMS) to house, launch and track your CBT modules. There is sufficient access to computers in your classrooms and/or the client department’s facilities. And, all your end users have the appropriate access to your computer network. If your reality is something different, then you need to sort out how you’re going to deliver your modules to your audience. Here are some possible suggestions if you don’t have a lot of IT infrastructure:
1. Let the vendor host the CBT.
2. Put the CBT on a CD.
3. Install the CBT on one computer.
4. Incorporate the CBT into an existing instructor-led training program.
If you are planning to use a learning management system to launch your CBT module, then it has to be able to talk to your LMS. Without going into a lot of detail here, this means your module must adhere to certain industry standards and specifications that define communication between the module and the host system. This is typically referred to as sharable content object reference model (SCORM) compliance. If you are seriously thinking about CBT development, then I suggest you do some additional research on this topic.
• Hold a stakeholder kick-off meeting.
Bring all of the players together at the start of the project and discuss their roles and responsibilities. Explain how your plan is going to work. If you’re using an outside vendor, they’ve probably done this before, so let them discuss their CBT development process. Make sure everybody knows what’s expected of them and gain their commitment for the time and resources involved. Some of the typical collaborative activities include:
1. Gathering content from client departments, subject matter experts and other sources.
2. Capturing equipment, work processes and locations on video and digital photography.
3. Reviewing, reviewing, reviewing.
4. QA testing the beta modules in an actual IT environment.
5. Roll-out and piloting modules with end users.
• Storyboard CBT content in its native environment.
The traditional CBT storyboard is usually a table that lists how the text, digital assets, special effects, links, etc. are going to appear and interact on a particular screen. The storyboard can be a little confusing or even intimidating for reviewers who are unfamiliar with the development process.
I’ve been dealing with them for years and I still have trouble visualizing what the finished screen will look like. In response to this we now ask our vendors to provide us with a mock-up of the screen that identifies the assets that are required and where everything will go in the final version. It helps us to plan what is needed, while giving us a better feel for the look of the finished product.
•Hold regular update/milestone meetings with stakeholders.
If you want to keep production moving, stakeholders have to know what’s going on. This is especially important for key individuals in the client departments who are on the periphery of the development process and have other jobs and responsibilities.
In my experience, very few CBT projects go as originally planned. Requirements change, resources become unavailable and production schedules stretch, to name just a few of the problems you’re likely to face. And of course, if you’re working with a vendor, you have to hold regular meetings to ensure that they are achieving all of the required project milestones.
Nigel Lindsey-King is an instructional designer with more than 25 years of experience developing and delivering training programs for a transit environment. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '2', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9379620552062988}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '74101', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HMTWPUXD4TJO4QTCDHOBUDHZSP4C63JM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b7c62ee9-aec0-4426-bf5f-3a81979839bc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 3, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.86.102.222', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:O6AJ3YYNTSY5AQUNY3WEDOP2GUURPFYJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:51b8755b-9e6c-4c04-b594-9366ab5937fd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10220640/developing-computer-based-training-for-the-transit-industry?page=4', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9e233cba-ef15-47fb-9b76-54b9764877d4>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '3396', 'url': 'http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10220640/developing-computer-based-training-for-the-transit-industry?page=4', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.058775484561920166', 'original_id': '510cd5c50d09381b8ba745944d3c081d4b41c9a9b006e722dd174954eea090f2'} |
The Dangers of Vegan Cat Food
No, unlike dogs who can eat vegan dog food, cats can’t be vegan because a vegan diet is not biologically appropriate for cats because cats are obligate carnivores.
As a current vegan who celebrated eight years of veganism, I’m going to dish out all the details on veganism for cats.
I’m going to give you the truth about why cats can not thrive on a plant-based diet. And why feeding your cat vegan cat food is a serious danger to their health.
Can cats be vegan?
Since you’re the one who calls the shots during meal times, you can choose to put your cat on a vegan diet. So, technically it is possible to have vegan cats.
But, the reality is cats should not be vegan. A vegan diet is not appropriate for cats at any age or life stage.
Cats cannot survive off plant-based foods.
We can break this down in a few ways.
For one, from a biological perspective, our obligate carnivore kitties can’t get the essential nutrients they need from plants alone. Nor do they have the digestive system or enzymes to break down those foods.
Think of it this way, would you feed your pet rabbit a steak?
Second, while we can take vitamins, minerals, and supplements to fill in the gaps in our diet, the pet supplement industry is woefully unregulated.
So even if we did fortify vegan cat food with supplements like taurine and arginine chances are our kitties wouldn’t get the right amount. A lack of these essential vitamins and amino acids means your cat’s health will suffer.
Third, veganism at its core isn’t just a diet.
True veganism is a set of values and morals. It’s a commitment to living a lifestyle that causes as little harm as possible to animals and the planet. For many people, veganism is an ethical choice.
Our cats don’t have a concept of animal welfare. They don’t have the reasoning to consider the well-being and treatment of farmed animals in the meat industry and animal agriculture.
vegan cat food diet
Nutritional needs of cats
Malnutrition is a real consequence for cats fed a vegan diet.
Every vitamin, mineral, and amino acid our cats need comes from animal products and proteins. Be it meat, tissues, fat, or organs, feeding cats meat is key to a balanced diet and keeping them healthy.
Here are some of the top nutritional needs for cats.
Cats need a lot more protein than many other animals do. The complete protein diets cats thrive on include animal products like organ meats, muscle meats, and eggs.
Some of the most popular plant-based proteins for us like beans, soy, and nut butter can upset our cats’ digestive systems. Pea protein is one of the more troubling ingredients that appears in vegan cat food dry kibble. More on that below.
Taurine is one of the top nutritional requirements for feline health. This amino acid is one of the building blocks of protein and is essential for all cats. They can’t make it on their own and rely on their diet to get their 45 mg daily need. A lack of taurine causes serious complications.
Even a few days without the proper amount of taurine can have deadly consequences. These include blindness, seizures, and an often fatal heart condition called dilated cardiomyopathy.
Eating meat is a must because taurine is only found in animal products. Specifically in muscle and organ meats from chickens and turkeys, and eggs.
Arginine is another must-have nutrient for cats. As with taurine cats can’t make this on their own and rely on a balanced diet to get their 855 mg of arginine a day.
Arginine detoxifies your cat’s system and maintains kidney health. It breaks down the ammonia that naturally builds up inside your cat’s body and excretes it out in their urine. It also supports proper growth in kittens.
An arginine deficiency can cause irreversible medical conditions that show up in as little as one day. These include seizures and neurological problems.
Arginine is only found in animal tissue and fats in meat from chickens, turkeys, cows, and rabbits.
Vitamin A
According to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), cats need 9000 IU or 65 mcg of vitamin A daily. This vitamin is crucial for nerve function, muscle support, and skin and fur health.
Vitamin A deficiencies appear quickly. They include muscle deterioration, neurological problems like seizures, and unhealthy skin and fur.
The best source of Vitamin A for cats comes from egg yolks, fish oil, and liver.
Vitamin A is not an easy nutrient to supplement either. If the wrong amount of vitamin A is added to a vegan cat food diet there are high risks of deadly toxicity.
vegan cat food vitamins
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is another essential nutrient that cats can’t create on their own. Cats need 280 IU Vitamin D a day.
Vitamin D does a lot of the heavy lifting in helping to keep your kitty’s body in top shape.
It aids in muscle and nerve functioning and has a big role in growing and supporting their bones.
Vitamin D manages calcium absorption and regulates the levels of calcium in your cat’s body. This directly impacts how strong and healthy their bones are.
A deficiency of Vitamin D can be deadly. It’s linked to bone deformities and breakage, heart failure, and cancer.
The best sources of Vitamin D for cats are fish, egg yolks, liver, and beef.
But supplementing your cat’s food with vitamin D if they are eating a vegan or vegetarian diet is risky. If you over supplement with vitamin D, it builds up inside your cat’s body. It’s not excreted through their urine and leads to toxicity and possibly death.
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is an essential fatty acid for cats that regulates your kitty’s inflammation response. It aids blood clotting and supports their reproductive health and skin.
A deficiency can cause dry scaly skin, painful sores, gastrointestinal problems, blood disorders, and widespread inflammation.
The best source of arachidonic acid comes from animal fats and eating meat.
Omega-3 fatty acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are another rock star nutrient that cats can’t make on their own. Cats need 7.3 mg of this essential fatty acid a day for every 5 kg of body weight.
Omega-3 fatty acids help maintain heart health, fight inflammation, and maintain healthy skin and fur. Omega-3 fatty acids also lower blood pressure and LDL cholesterol, which are key in preventing heart conditions.
Omega-3 fatty acid deficiencies can lead to widespread inflammation, painful skin conditions, heart disease, and other health problems.
The best source of omega-3 fatty acids for cats comes from fish and fish oil.
Is vegan cat food high in carbs?
Yes, vegan cat foods are high in carbs. Many vegan cat foods, whether they’re dry kibble or wet food contain far too many carbs for any cat to possibly digest.
Here’s a close look at the ingredients in three vegan cat food products.
Ami’s One Planet vegan dry kibble for cats:
Corn gluten, corn, corn oil, yeast, potatoes protein, minerals, peas, hydrolyzed vegetable proteins, cellulose, rice protein, linseed, Mojave Yucca.
Benevo’s dry food for vegan cats:
Soy, Wheat, [Corn] Gluten Meal, [Corn], Rice, Sunflower Oil, Beet Pulp, Vitamins & Minerals, Brewers Yeast, Yeast Based Palatant, Linseed, Seaweed, Fructooliogosaccharides, Spirulina, Yucca Schidigera Extract.
Evolution Gourmet Vegetable Stew recipe:
Whole Potato, Sweet Potato, Brown Rice, Filtered Water, Soybean Oil, Oat Groats, Carrots, Calcium Carbonate, Pea Protein, Peas, Sea Salt, Dicalcium Phosphate, Brewer’s Yeast, Guar Gum, Molasses, Tomato Paste, DL-Methionine, Choline Chloride-DYNA K, Taurine, L-Carnitine, Kelp, Glucosamine.
The problem with peas and starches
Yikes! Peas, corn, potatoes, and yucca are all very starchy and carby ingredients that are hard for your cat to digest efficiently.
Peas are particularly problematic. As we explored in grain-free cat food, peas are loaded with lectins and phytates.
Lectins and phytates harm the healthy bacteria or microflora in your kitty’s gut. They also eat away at their stomach lining, potentially causing chronic painful illnesses like leaky gut syndrome.
vegan cat food carnivore
Are carbs bad for cats?
Carbs are not necessarily bad for cats but because cats are obligate carnivores, a high carb diet is not ideal. Even though our beloved feline friends are now domesticated, their biology is the same as their wild ancestors. They do best on eating protein-dense meat, muscles, and organs from animals they’d prey on in the wild.
While cats can get glucose, one of the basic energy sources from carbs, as a whole cats don’t need them. Cats’ bodies aren’t designed to be able to handle carb-heavy plant-based foods.
They have short, simple digestive tracts which make breaking down fiber from vegetables and plant proteins very hard on their body. Cats also lack the digestive enzyme, salivary amylase, to break down starches.
When cats eat carbohydrates, especially simple carbs, they don’t get the same energy and nutritional benefits we humans do, making an all-carb, no-protein vegan diet a poor nutritional choice for cats.
Excessive carbs in your cat’s diet can cause digestive upset and can be a risk factor in developing diabetes and your cat becoming obese. If you’re looking for great low-carb food options, check out our article on “The Best Low Carb Cat Food.”
Is vegan cat food safe for cats?
No, vegan cat food is not safe for any cat.
Vegan cat food, even if it is supplemented, cannot meet your cat’s nutritional needs.
Cats require more protein than almost any other animal. They rely entirely on complete and balanced diets rich in animal proteins and meat to get their essential nutrients. The corn, soy, and potatoes vegan cat food is packed with aren’t species-appropriate at all.
How do I know if my cat is healthy on a vegan diet?
If your cat is on a vegan diet, they’re not healthy.
Cats are true carnivores and have many vitamins, amino acids, and essential fatty acids that cannot come from vegetables, plant proteins, or supplements alone.
Going against your cat’s biology and opting to feed them vegan food will cause serious health conditions. Blindness, seizures, blood disorders, muscle loss are all very serious consequences of a vegan diet for cats. As is a weak immune system and chronic stomach issues like irritable bowel disease and leaky gut syndrome.
Even with the heavy supervision of nutritionist-trained veterinarians can’t guarantee that your cat will be healthy on a vegan diet. Especially considering that vegan diets don’t meet the welfare standards for proper cat care.
Veterinarians who also live by a do no harm philosophy often cannot in good conscience recommend or have a role in feeding vegan diets to cats.
The obligate carnivore biology of your cat means that the fact of the matter is they do best when they eat meat and high animal protein prey-based diets.
vegan cat
Am I still vegan if I feed my cat meat?
Yes! If you’re a vegan (like me) who feeds your cat meat that doesn’t make you any less vegan. One of the best ways we care for our animals is by making sure we give them the best nutrition possible.
As I walked you through the essential amino acids, vitamins, and fatty acids cats need to not just thrive but literally stay alive, you must’ve noticed that all of them come from animal meats or products.
The foods with the highest and best bioavailability and palatability for our fluffy little obligate carnivores come from meat and animal proteins.
Ignoring the nutritional needs of your cats and overriding them with your ethics and morals means that you’re denying what your cat needs to live a happy and healthy life. That, my friend, is an act of animal cruelty in itself.
Key points on vegan cat food
As upsetting as it may be for some of my fellow vegans, cats cannot be healthy if they eat vegan cat food.
Ignoring their nutritional needs and going against their nature can cause irreparable and irreversible health problems for your kitty. It goes directly against what veganism stands for, to not harm any living creatures.
The reality is that even supplements for cats aren’t something you can rely on. There’s too much of a risk of toxicity and deficiencies with life-shattering consequences. Ammonia intoxication, seizures, blindness, and heart failure can all result from poor nutrition.
If veganism is about doing as little harm as possible to animals, you cannot feed your cat a vegan diet.
But don’t despair! Instead of spiraling into negative thinking and resentment overfeeding your cat a meat-based diet while you are a vegan, remember you can still help animals.
Here are some ways you can keep your vegan beliefs strong while feeding your cat meat
• Buy cat food brands with high animal welfare standards and farming practices.
• Donate to and volunteer at farmed animal sanctuaries.
• Cook vegan food and desserts for your non-vegan friends and encourage them to do more plant-based cooking in their own life.
• Support companies that make vegan products for humans.
And, if you’re like me, on top of that you can wait patiently (and excitedly) for the day lab-grown meat hits the cat food industry!
Victoria Tomis | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '51', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9132691025733948}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '103437', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EHCH7PKQQAPEQAKHMJIAQHEUQVGPAYYV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ad671179-1fad-4683-a121-c8e29e36ef36>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 15, 43, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.209.87.233', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7LXMRQUHCB6YJEGDWNQNG2VGDCE3IL2S', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e88df96-2fc7-4eff-b2b7-627bbc6dc22a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://leluandbobo.com/vegan-cat-food/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:950268f8-add1-48dc-9d8d-1f733e044afa>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2239', 'url': 'https://leluandbobo.com/vegan-cat-food/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-177\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.19516968727111816', 'original_id': '403c3147a269f502d77feb234794b75d8e6ef0d1a54f05a3d085cd75c8825998'} |
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */
/*
* Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Micron Technology, Inc. All rights reserved.
*/
#include <hse_util/platform.h>
#include <hse_util/slab.h>
#include <hse_util/perfc.h>
#include <hse_util/bonsai_tree.h>
#include <hse_util/seqno.h>
#include <hse_ikvdb/c0_kvmultiset.h>
#include <hse_ikvdb/c0_kvset.h>
#include <hse_ikvdb/kvdb_perfc.h>
#include <hse_ikvdb/cn.h>
#include "c0skm_internal.h"
#include "c0_kvsetm.h"
struct c0_kvmultiset;
void
c0kvsm_info_init(struct c0kvsm_info *info, u64 gen, void *bkvs, void *nbkv, u16 nkiter, bool istxn)
{
info->c0s_kcnt = 0;
info->c0s_bkvs = bkvs;
info->c0s_nbkv = nbkv;
info->c0s_minseqno = U64_MAX;
info->c0s_gen = gen;
info->c0s_txn = istxn;
info->c0s_mindex = -1;
info->c0s_nkiter = nkiter;
info->c0s_bkvidx = 0;
info->c0s_cbkv = 0;
info->c0s_tbkv = 0;
}
merr_t
c0kvsm_info_set(struct c0kvsm_info *info, u64 minseq, u64 maxseq, u32 nbkv, u8 idx)
{
struct bonsai_kv **bkvs;
bkvs = calloc(nbkv, sizeof(*bkvs));
if (ev(!bkvs)) {
info->c0s_bkvs[idx] = NULL;
return merr(ENOMEM);
}
info->c0s_bkvs[idx] = bkvs;
info->c0s_nbkv[idx] = nbkv;
info->c0s_minseqno = min_t(u64, info->c0s_minseqno, minseq);
info->c0s_maxseqno = max_t(u64, info->c0s_maxseqno, maxseq);
return 0;
}
void
c0kvsm_ptinfo_set(struct c0kvsm_info *info, u64 tseqno, bool ptomb)
{
info->c0s_tseqno = tseqno;
info->c0s_ptomb = ptomb;
}
static void
c0kvsm_copy_txbkv(struct c0kvsm_info *info, struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex, u8 kidx)
{
struct c0_kvsetm * ckm;
struct bonsai_kv **bkvs;
struct bonsai_kv * bkv;
struct bonsai_kv * bkv_next;
u64 nkv;
bkvs = info->c0s_bkvs[kidx];
nkv = 0;
/* First, walk through the pending tx mutation list and add the
* bonsai_kv element to the corresponding info instance.
* If a bonsai_kv element is also part of the tx mutation list,
* skip it.
*/
ckm = c0kvsm_get_txpend(c0kvs);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_txpend)
{
if (!s_list_empty(&bkv->bkv_txmnext[mindex])) {
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_txpend);
continue;
}
bkvs[nkv++] = bkv;
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_txpend);
}
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
ckm = c0kvsm_get_tx(c0kvs, mindex);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_txmnext[mindex])
{
bkvs[nkv++] = bkv;
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_txmnext[mindex]);
}
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
/* Due to duplicates, nkv can be less than the aggregated value
* obtained earlier for this kvset.
*/
assert(nkv <= info->c0s_nbkv[kidx]);
if (nkv < info->c0s_nbkv[kidx])
info->c0s_nbkv[kidx] = nkv;
info->c0s_kcnt += nkv;
}
void
c0kvsm_copy_bkv(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, struct c0kvsm_info *info, u8 mindex, bool istxn, u8 kidx)
{
struct c0_kvsetm * ckm;
struct bonsai_kv **bkvs;
struct bonsai_kv * bkv;
struct bonsai_kv * bkv_next;
u64 nkv;
assert(info->c0s_mindex < 0 || (info->c0s_mindex == mindex));
info->c0s_mindex = mindex;
if (istxn)
return c0kvsm_copy_txbkv(info, c0kvs, mindex, kidx);
bkvs = info->c0s_bkvs[kidx];
nkv = 0;
/* Walk through the non-tx mutation list and add each bonsai_kv
* element to the info instance.
*/
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_mnext[mindex])
{
bkvs[nkv++] = bkv;
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_mnext[mindex]);
}
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
/* Due to duplicates, nkv can be less than the aggregated value
* obtained earlier for this kvset.
*/
assert(nkv <= info->c0s_nbkv[kidx]);
if (nkv < info->c0s_nbkv[kidx])
info->c0s_nbkv[kidx] = nkv;
info->c0s_kcnt += nkv;
}
/* Reset the non-tx, tx and pending list in error situations. */
void
c0kvsm_reset_mlist(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
struct bonsai_kv *bkv;
struct bonsai_kv *bkv_next;
ckm = c0kvsm_get_txpend(c0kvs);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_txpend)
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_txpend);
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
ckm = c0kvsm_get_tx(c0kvs, mindex);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_txmnext[mindex])
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_txmnext[mindex]);
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
s_list_for_each_entry_safe(bkv, bkv_next, &ckm->c0m_head, bkv_mnext[mindex])
INIT_S_LIST_HEAD(&bkv->bkv_mnext[mindex]);
c0kvsm_reset(ckm);
}
bool
c0kvsm_has_kvmut(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex, bool istxn)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
struct c0_kvsetm *ckmp;
if (istxn) {
ckmp = c0kvsm_get_txpend(c0kvs);
ckm = c0kvsm_get_tx(c0kvs, mindex);
return (ckmp->c0m_kcnt != 0 || ckm->c0m_kcnt != 0);
}
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
return (ckm->c0m_kcnt != 0);
}
u32
c0kvsm_get_kcnt(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex, bool istxn)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
struct c0_kvsetm *ckmp;
if (istxn) {
ckmp = c0kvsm_get_txpend(c0kvs);
ckm = c0kvsm_get_tx(c0kvs, mindex);
return ckmp->c0m_kcnt + ckm->c0m_kcnt;
}
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
return ckm->c0m_kcnt;
}
u64
c0kvsm_get_kvsize(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex, bool istxn, u64 *txpsz, u64 *ksize, u64 *vsize)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
if (istxn) {
if (txpsz) {
struct c0_kvsetm *ckmp;
ckmp = c0kvsm_get_txpend(c0kvs);
*txpsz = ckmp->c0m_ksize + ckmp->c0m_vsize;
}
ckm = c0kvsm_get_tx(c0kvs, mindex);
goto exit;
}
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
exit:
if (ksize)
*ksize = ckm->c0m_ksize;
if (vsize)
*vsize = ckm->c0m_vsize;
return ckm->c0m_ksize + ckm->c0m_vsize;
}
u64
c0kvsm_get_minseq(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
return ckm->c0m_minseqno;
}
u64
c0kvsm_get_maxseq(struct c0_kvset *c0kvs, u8 mindex)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckm;
ckm = c0kvsm_get(c0kvs, mindex);
return ckm->c0m_maxseqno;
}
void
c0kvsm_add_txpend(
struct c0_kvmultiset *c0kvms,
struct c0sk_mutation *c0skm,
struct bonsai_kv * bkv,
u64 vlen,
u32 skidx,
struct c0_kvset ** c0kvs)
{
struct c0_kvsetm *ckmp;
struct perfc_set *set;
struct cn * cn;
u64 hash;
u64 klen;
size_t sfx_len;
size_t hashlen;
klen = bkv->bkv_key_imm.ki_klen;
set = c0skm_get_perfc_kv(c0skm);
cn = c0sk_get_cn(c0skm->c0skm_c0skh, skidx);
sfx_len = cn_get_sfx_len(cn);
hashlen = klen - sfx_len;
if (!(*c0kvs)) {
hash = key_hash64(bkv->bkv_key, hashlen);
*c0kvs = c0kvms_get_hashed_c0kvset(c0kvms, hash);
}
ckmp = c0kvsm_get_txpend(*c0kvs);
/* If there is a duplicate for this bkv in the currently active
* tx mutation list, it will be removed while copying the bkv ptrs.
*/
if (s_list_empty(&bkv->bkv_txpend)) {
s_list_add_tail(&bkv->bkv_txpend, &ckmp->c0m_tail);
++ckmp->c0m_kcnt;
ckmp->c0m_ksize += bkv->bkv_key_imm.ki_klen;
perfc_inc(set, PERFC_BA_C0SKM_KVKPN);
}
ckmp->c0m_vsize += vlen;
perfc_inc(set, PERFC_BA_C0SKM_KVVPN);
}
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/gokulvasan/hse/blob/master/src/c0/c0_kvsetm.c', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'Apache-2.0, LicenseRef-scancode-unknown-license-reference', 'date': '2020.0', 'title': 'hse', 'creator': 'gokulvasan', 'language': 'C', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '766', 'token_count': '3516', '__index_level_0__': '6239', 'original_id': 'cb34a1f8a186aecee6da67810ce6acde7b571ff1d018b403f65cf24dba96d76e'} |
We help meet these demands through an approach that ensures local ownership and long-term sustainability through partnerships with trusted organizations on the ground, use of appropriate technology, and through systems that assess the multiple water requirements of a community.
Voss Foundation projects primarily involve a combination of well-digging and -creation or -rehabilitation, pumping, and piping. Secondary water-related aspects are based on local requests and range from bringing clean water to schools and infirmaries, to agriculture and irrigation, to micro-finance and education based on new resources, time, or money made available by the presence and proximity of clean water. We incorporate both environmental consideration and the lasting success of the projects into villages’ requirements to create a comprehensive project that meets diverse water needs.
Founded by VOSS of Norway ASA as an independent 501(c)(3) public charity, Voss Foundation has offices in New York and Oslo. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '74', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9392664432525636}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '48771', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:53AGTYN6JFH6NL2SNWDYBGQU24NTV75N', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:83ee024f-3fcf-4c5c-8a52-151fa06613ff>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 22, 21, 9, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.196.242.248', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:64WMN7PRRE7AMO2CLS6RTXUHIRB5W2V2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cb579118-9bca-4387-94d0-7c3a09e67173>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.vossfoundation.org/the-mission/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fb4b1595-b609-46f3-9464-44e91e800fbc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '221', 'url': 'http://www.vossfoundation.org/the-mission/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-217.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.17363393306732178', 'original_id': '5ab8721600e849ffac284931604e61c4bd78d54d596bfdae78783ca13859e80e'} |
Prediction of survival in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma.
Using the Cox proportional hazards model, and considering tumour necrosis and vascular invasion by tumour as additional factors in assessment, a series of 88 patients with primary Grade III and IV soft tissue sarcomas of the locomotor system was analysed for factors associated with death due to the tumour. Grade IV malignancy, a tumour size larger than 10 cm., tumour necrosis, and vascular invasion by tumour cells were significant risk factors. Patients with 0 or 1 risk factor, one half of the cases, had a 3 year survival rate of more than 90%, whereas the figure was 65% for those with 2 risk factors and 20% for those with 3 or 4 risk factors. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '12dcb03583fce2d852462a23c26232b6314d3fddb04bdee5d58fe0ebfc6a9c93'} |
Credit Scores and Credit Reports Explained in One Minute
Credit ratings and credit history might appear difficult but quite frankly, comprehending them is pretty easy if you begin it in a logical way.
At the conclusion of the day, understanding just what a credit score is or just what a credit history is perhaps all boils down to seeing things through the perspective of those which make use of them (as an example loan providers).
Let’s make an effort to do just that!
Please like, remark and subscribe if you’ve enjoyed the movie.
To guide the station, provide myself one minute (see just what I did here?) of your time by visiting and reading my message. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9573745131492616}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42143', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HT77GSFQTJ7BFWF5XSUM74BARBT4WERH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ae63fe2c-b624-492b-9996-5d1268c8ea24>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 17, 19, 25, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.30.213.71', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TQDYVYZFY6RUO34SCPFLHQIZZ54NKMIF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1cf1f595-58f7-4fb4-bb9e-59ee635b9c1f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://free-credit-report-check.com/credit-report/credit-scores-and-credit-reports-explained-in-one-minute/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f9a1140f-5e9a-4e7b-8e1b-386a348dae74>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '114', 'url': 'http://free-credit-report-check.com/credit-report/credit-scores-and-credit-reports-explained-in-one-minute/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-29-55.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030973613262176514', 'original_id': '43dd9a2de6cbf65efaac79907e3ea45e54911126be6e4b0c07f90b601c63d4c9'} |
8 Ways to Make Meaningful Small Talk
Only the most adept social butterfly doesn’t feel that twinge of anxiety before sitting down at a dinner party next to a stranger—for some, fear of filling the air with chatter can be almost paralyzing, particularly when you’re placed next to someone who seems reticent to chatter. But, as Dr. Samantha Boardman, a psychiatrist in Manhattan (who also writes a blog called The Positive Prescription, explains, pushing through to make meaningful conversation is good for everyone. “Making a point to talk about stuff that matters is a simple way to cultivate happiness,” whether that’s with a guy you’ve never met at a friend’s house, a date, or your angsty tween. Below, she explains more.
By Samantha Boardman, M.D.
Does the thought of making small talk fill you with dread? You’re not alone. Most people dislike idle chitchat because it feels fake and like a waste of time. We can all agree that talking about the weather is not interesting unless you are speaking to a meteorologist and a hurricane is on the way.
Contrary to conventional advice to “keep it light,” studies show that people prefer having deeper and more meaningful discussions. Moreover, engaging in substantive conversations is linked with greater happiness and well-being. There are two main explanations for this—we are meaning-seeking animals and we are social animals. Conversing about our experiences and the world around us enables us to find meaning in our lives. Good conversations also facilitate bonding and a greater connection with the person with whom we are speaking. Simply put, making a point to talk about stuff that matters is a simple way to cultivate happiness.
That said getting a conversation going is not always easy. On a date, at a dinner party, or even with a loved one, dialogue doesn’t always flow. We have all had awkward experiences when it felt like pulling teeth to get the other person to engage. Equally challenging is feeling “stuck” at a dinner party next to someone who is rambling on about something you have no interest in.
The good news is it doesn’t have to be this way. Consider re-framing the situation. Instead of dwelling on how dull your dinner partner is or how difficult he or she is to talk to, ask yourself, “What can I learn from them?”
Channeling a more open mindset can transform a boring encounter into an interesting one. In a research paper entitled, “With Our Questions We Make the World,” the authors illustrate the power of an open mindset:
“Depending on whether I listen to you through the question ‘What is valuable about what she’s saying?’ or ‘Why is she wasting my time?’ I will hear very different messages.”
Remember, everyone you will ever meet knows something you don’t.
Here are 8 ways to make your conversations more meaningful:
1. Ask Why and How Questions.
When you ask a “What” question, chances are you will get a simple answer, but when you ask a “Why” question, you explore a person’s underlying motivation. For example, “Why did you think that happened?” yields a more thoughtful response than, “What happened?” Every question you ask has the potential to narrow or expand the dialogue. “What” questions encourage introspection and convey a genuine interest in the other person’s experience.
2. Channel Curious George.
As Iris Apfel says, “You have to be interested. If you’re not interested, you can’t be interesting.” Inquire about topics that will help you find common ground. Build on what the other person says. Avoid firing out checklists and predictable questions like, “Where are you from?” and “What do you do?” Ask open-ended questions that require more than a one-word reply. This works with children too—for example, instead of saying, “How was your day?,” try, “Did anything surprise you today?”
3. Ask for advice.
As Oscar Wilde keenly observed, “We all admire the wisdom of those who come to us for advice.” It is a great way to get a conversation going. For the most part, people love to talk about themselves and their experiences. Studies show that talking about oneself feels good—it activates the same areas of the brain that light up when eating good food, taking drugs, and even having sex. Capitalize on this and use it as an opportunity to learn something.
4. Avoid your favorite topic.
It’s counterintuitive but makes sense—whether it’s opera or your Shih Tzu—because you will probably end up talking too much and not listening enough. On that note….
5. Talk less and listen more.
Truly listening involves hearing what the person is saying and also paying attention to their non-verbal communication. Respond by paraphrasing and reflecting on the conversation to move it forward—it shows the other person you genuinely care about what they have to say. Try to hit on something the other person is passionate about and then use the following three magic words: “Tell me more.” Encourage elaboration and when the other person asks you a question, respond with more than just the bare bones. You don’t “just” live in New York, you live downtown because you love the West Village. In other words, give the other person some personal (and substantive) information to work with. By all means, resist the temptation to interrupt immediately and hijack the conversation: “Oh you like skiing? Me too! I just came back from a ski trip…”
6. Obey the 20 second rule.
Dr. Mark Goulston, author of Just Listen, provides some practical advice on when to talk and when to zip it. He recommends obeying the Traffic Light Rule:
7. Your body says it all.
Body language cues like eye contact (and not looking over their shoulder), sincere nodding, and leaning in communicate interest. Smile, uncross your arms, pay attention. Nothing kills a pleasant conversation like feeling the other person doesn’t care about what you’re saying.
8. Lose the phone.
A 2014 study, called “The iPhone Effect,” demonstrated how the mere presence of a phone can ruin a conversation. The quality and substance of a conversation were rated as less fulfilling when compared to a conversation that took place in the absence of a mobile device. Leave it in your pocket or in your handbag and never place it on the table. If you are expecting an important email from your boss, let the other person know. Create a special notification. At least they will know you are not mindlessly thumbing through Instagram.
Bottom Line: Talking about stuff that matters is good for you and good for the person you are chatting with. Try to have at least five substantive conversations a week—not only will they boost your spirits, they will open your mind.
Fran Lebowitz probably says it best: “Great people talk about ideas, average people talk about things, and small people talk about wine.”
You may also like | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '188', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9533694982528688}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '79739', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BUN6H7YQGYLHXNB3DJT3VQNJYXUBX5WW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ca18521c-adac-4dac-ae44-88be4424c1db>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 10, 11, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.19.235.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3Z7C2S2TTB4DQFUXBCLAZ2D5VVZQ3LLB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b2c7fd44-f8a8-4660-aacb-554c180f4fdd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://goop.com/work/relationships/8-ways-to-make-meaningful-small-talk/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:336f3ff4-ac29-431a-9f32-d4778c37245a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1240', 'url': 'https://goop.com/work/relationships/8-ways-to-make-meaningful-small-talk/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-63-222-147.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02035081386566162', 'original_id': 'c31fe06e60bfd6f49f8ae510422053bb6ae8777724a7cec92a30013523aa0acf'} |
"Attempted robbery suspect shot in NE Houston"
Houston's ABC News has this story:
The incident happened at a King Foodmart on Homestead near Firnat. From SkyEye 13 HD, a lot of police officers could be seen at the scene, who've cordoned off the area with crime scene tape.
A police spokesperson says a suspect tried to rob the store and an employee inside shot him in the chest. The suspect was rushed to Ben Taub General Hospital and is in surgery. . . .
Thanks to Jeff Yager for the link.
Blogger Chas said...
Markie Marxist sez: "See! That's what happens when private citizens are allowed to have guns! How are our Marxist/warrior/hero/criminals supposed to rip off and bring down capitalist America if the capitalists can shoot back? It's just not common communist sense to allow private citizens to have guns! It's crazy!"
12/29/2012 10:03 AM
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<< Home | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9493283033370972}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33545', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:S7F44RLJRAGRWM3LKRQBBXQGMDZWFVGX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:be307e7c-6e09-4e8e-84a4-e800bbbf8b8a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 15, 45, 43), 'WARC-IP-Address': '209.85.144.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LMV6C3VKBKWI45QHLDMOF2PNN6VMI5NI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4513be7a-4e47-4aa9-b76e-a18bbb0b1977>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://johnrlott.blogspot.com/2012/12/attempted-robbery-suspect-shot-in-ne.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:da467304-3182-4371-8f3c-33797f93feac>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '155', 'url': 'http://johnrlott.blogspot.com/2012/12/attempted-robbery-suspect-shot-in-ne.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0539935827255249', 'original_id': 'e4486572065e33ff448c2928ac5a522f580221e1b40afe52f61d14b6ccf239ba'} |
British Muslim convert Sally-Anne Jones dressed as a nun in a photo circulated online, and her husband, British jihadist Junaid Hussain, in his Twitter photo. (Photos: Tim Stewart News; Twitter)
They were once considered “Lions of the Caliphate,” the vanguard of an unprecedented army of roughly 40,000 foreign fighters from around the world who were drawn to the black banner of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). When U.S.-backed Arab and Kurdish forces tightened the noose around ISIS’s self-proclaimed capital of Raqqa this past summer, many of those remaining foreigners tried to slip through the siege in makeshift convoys, often with families and other civilians in tow as “human shields.”
Some blended in with a stream of refugees fleeing southeast to dusty towns along the Euphrates River. A contingent of French-speaking jihadists were reportedly besieged in Deir al-Zour, and a hardcore group of British fighters made it to al-Mayadin. Some have made it as far as al-Bukamal on the Syria-Iraq border, where top ISIS leaders are thought to have sought refuge. Still other foreign fighters are reportedly stranded on the northern border in the city of Idlib, unable to bribe their way into Turkey. A number of Britons and at least one American tried to slip through Kurdish lines and were captured and transferred to coalition intelligence services
One member of the ISIS foreign fighter exodus was of particular interest to U.S. and British intelligence agencies. Since ISIS’s Phoenix-like rise from the ashes of the Syrian civil war in 2014, counterterrorism experts have been especially alarmed at the group’s social media savvy and ability to recruit and inspire Western jihadists online. In Britain alone, more than 800 mostly young men joined the group, and many others professed fealty. Not coincidentally, ISIS has claimed credit for a string of bloody jihadi attacks in Great Britain this year, including the March vehicle attack on the Westminster Bridge and stabbing outside of Parliament that killed four and injured more than 50 others; the suicide bombing in Manchester at an Ariana Grande concert that killed 22 people, many of them teenagers and children; and a van attack and stabbing rampage by three jihadis near the London Bridge in June that killed eight people and injured more than 40 others.
Story continues
People walking down Borough High Street as police respond to an incident on London Bridge, June 3, 2017. (Photo: Dominic Lipinski/PA via AP)
So when surveillance indicated that one member of the Raqqa foreign fighter exodus was a woman known as “the White Widow,” U.S. counterterrorism forces swung into action. Sally-Anne Jones was a middle-aged Briton and former punk rocker whose prowess in recruiting British fighters and attempts to inspire attacks on her homeland were local legend. Jones had been married to Junaid Hussain, also a Briton, an accomplished hacker who had risen to head ISIS’s cyber operations, and was one of Britain’s most wanted terrorists before he was killed in a U.S. drone strike in 2015. Somewhere along the Syria-Iraq border last June, the scream of another Hellfire missile rent the sky, and U.S. intelligence officials informed their counterparts in Britain’s security services that Sally-Anne Jones had met the same violent end as her late husband. Tragically, her 12-year-old son, Jojo, was also believed to have been killed in the blast.s
The whirlwind romance, trail of terror and violent deaths of Junaid Hussain and Sally-Anne Jones trace the arc of ISIS’s own meteoric rise and spectacular collapse as its once mighty “caliphate” crumbles in Iraq and Syria. The jihad that led Junaid and Jones and tens of thousands of other foreign fighters to Syria was unique in the annals of terrorism. In its savvy use of social media and the internet to recruit fighters and inspire atrocities by homegrown “lone wolves,” ISIS far surpassed al-Qaida. It built on the lessons of the propaganda master Anwar al-Awlaki, an extremist American cleric and leader of al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula who was killed by a U.S. drone in 2011. ISIS even called its external operations group tasked with recruiting and propaganda “the Awlaki Brigade.”
Anwar al-Awlaki at a mosque in Falls Church, Va., Oct. 4, 2001. (Photo: Tracy Woodward/Washington Post via Getty Images).
But ISIS leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi’s dark vision also included the seeds of its own destruction. His medieval caliphate was far from the promised Islamist paradise, and its circus of beheadings, torture and sexual enslavement steeled the will of the civilized world against it, and gave the U.S.-led coalition a known address to target. Continuing terror attacks directed or inspired by ISIS led to an unprecedented level of intelligence-sharing among partners in the anti-ISIS coalition. Largely as a result, a majority of foreign fighters met the same fate as Junaid Hussain and Sally-Anne Jones.
“Safe haven is always high on the list of a terrorist organization’s sources of strength, and ISIS exercising state-like dominion over much of the territory of Iraq and Syria, with all its economic and energy resources, was in many ways the ultimate safe haven. That was incredibly dangerous from a counterterrorism perspective,” Nicholas Rasmussen, director of the National Counterterrorism Center, said in an exclusive interview with Yahoo News. “Combine that with ISIS’s unique ability to attract fighters from outside Iraq and Syria, which was far beyond anything al-Qaida ever aspired to, and suddenly we were dealing with a mass terrorist movement.”
While U.S. officials always believed that the U.S.-led coalition would eventually recapture ISIS-held territory, Rasmussen said, they worried that as the caliphate collapsed, the tens of thousands of foreign fighters would return to their homelands to wreak havoc on a mass scale. “We assumed the foreign fighters that flowed out from the caliphate would roughly equal the numbers that joined ISIS, and we have rethought that analysis. We now think most of them will stay and fight and die in the caliphate. That’s good news. The bad news is that some small number are likely to make their way out, and these individuals may have a unique skill set and networks back home that will enable them to carry out attacks in their homelands.”
It’s difficult to overstate the alarm that Western counterterrorism officials felt in the summer and fall of 2014. After ISIS’s irregular, black-clad army had overrun much of northern Syria and Iraq in one of the most improbable military offensives in history, its leader al-Baghdadi appeared in the Great Mosque of al-Nuri in the Iraqi city of Mosul. There on June 29, 2014, he proclaimed himself the caliph of ISIS’s new homeland for true Islam, and that message resonated deeply in the global jihadi movement, whose networks began humming with extraordinary activity. Intelligence officials were soon tracking roughly a thousand foreigners who joined ISIS each month, eventually from more than a hundred different countries.
This image from a video posted on a militant website shows Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi speaking at the Great Mosque of al-Nuri in Mosul, Iraq, on June 29, 2014. (Photo: Courtesy of AP)
The thousands of Europeans who were drawn to the caliphate and could travel to the United States without visas were of special concern. For years, U.S. counterterrorism officials had recognized Europe as an acute terrorism vulnerability. There are pockets of poorly assimilated Muslim youth in ghettoes scattered throughout Europe, from Moss Side in Manchester, England, to Molenbeek in Brussels. Alienated young men from these neighborhoods were often radicalized by well-known extremist preachers and imams who took advantage of Europe’s liberal free-speech laws. In the recent report “For Caliph and Country: Exploring How British Jihadis Join a Global Movement,” researchers for the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change examined the biographies of 113 men and women who embraced jihad, finding that 67 percent had ties to just six radical Islamist preachers or facilitators.
In the United States post-9/11 reforms had eliminated many of the obstacles to intelligence-sharing among U.S. intelligence and law enforcement agencies. Intelligence sharing in Europe, however, remained fractured and disjointed among the European Union’s 28 countries and myriad national, provincial and local agencies. The EU’s porous external borders and lack of internal border controls, its proximity to the battlefields of the Middle East and an influx of more than a million mostly Muslim refugees between 2014 and 2015, primarily from the wars in Syria and Afghanistan, all added to the volatile mix.
In the summer and fall of 2014, the sense of alarm increased after a man dressed in black, his face hidden behind a mask and speaking with a British accent, began appearing in a series of gruesome beheading videos. On August 19, 2014, the group’s media arm released a video showing him murdering American journalist and ISIS hostage James Foley. A string of similar beheading videos followed throughout the fall, depicting the murders of six more hostages. The knife-wielding terrorist at the center of the bloody executions was nicknamed “Jihadi John” by the press, and his British-accented accomplices were dubbed “the Beatles” by some of the hostages. Their reign of terror provoked one of the most intense terrorist manhunts since the death of Osama bin Laden in 2011.
“The appearance of Jihadi John in videos of all these people having their heads cut off was a watershed moment, because they really were damn shocking, and the British especially were trying to wrap their heads around the fact that so many of their disenfranchised youth were showing up in Syria with ISIS,” said a U.S. intelligence source. “The British government poured every resource you can imagine into identifying this guy and his accomplices, and getting after them. It was a very big deal, because everyone was worried about what the hell we were going to do when these ISIS foreign fighters returned home.”
A militant identified by the Washington Post as a Briton named Mohammed Emwazi brandishes a knife in this image from a 2014 video. (Photo: SITE Intel Group/handout via Reuters)
The United States has long enjoyed a close intelligence-sharing relationship with the other “Five Eyes” countries (Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Canada), and none was closer than with Britain’s MI6 (foreign) and MI5 (domestic) intelligence services. Jointly, they set out to catalogue all of the foreign fighters who had joined ISIS, partly in hopes of identifying Jihadi John and his fellow travelers. During that intelligence operation, they uncovered evidence of the unlikely May-September romance of 20-something Junaid Hussain and a middle-age Sally-Anne Jones.
A Birmingham-born hacker of Pakistani descent, Hussain was already on the radar of Britain’s MI5. Operating under the moniker “Trick” in a hacker group that called itself “Team Poison,” Hussain spent six months in prison in 2012 for hacking former British Prime Minister Tony Blair’s address book and publishing its contents online. Team Poison also hacked the MI6 antiterror hotline, during which Trick can be heard laughing and proclaiming “You’re being phone-bombed right now, mate.” In 2013, Hussain jumped bail and fled to Syria to join ISIS, but not before starting a torrid romance with Jones, a mother of two from Kent who dabbled in witchcraft. The intercepted telephone conversations of these supposedly pious Islamic warriors were enough to make a sailor blush, said one source. The two married and Sally-Anne Jones followed her husband to Syria with her then 8-year-old son JoJo in tow.
Based largely on their computer hacking and social media skills, Hussain and Jones rose quickly through the ranks of ISIS foreign fighters. He became head of the group’s “cybercaliphate” operations, and she was a gifted recruiter and propagandist for English-speaking audiences. According to intelligence sources, Junaid hacked into the computer system of U.S. Central Command, and published on jihadi websites the names and addresses of U.S. service members living overseas as part of a “doxing” attack. He was also linked to Elton Simpson, one of two ISIS-inspired gunmen killed as they tried to stage a massacre at an event in Texas displaying controversial cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed.
For her part, Jones recruited women to ISIS by extolling the virtues of the caliphate and its fearsome warriors, and sought to inspire “lone wolf” attacks in Britain. She routinely issued threats through posted messages such as “You Christians all need beheading with a nice blunt knife and stuck on the railings at Raqqa. … Come here, I’ll do it for you.”
“ISIS is good at spotting talent, and they quickly recognized that Hussein’s hacking skills and connectivity to the hacking underworld were valuable commodities, as was Jones’s recruiting and propaganda skills on social media,” said an intelligence source. “In that sense, Hussain and Jones became poster children for the ISIS narrative, and they were given far more clout in the organization than most Westerners.”
Remarkably, another ISIS-inspired love story sent alarms ringing through U.S. counterterrorism networks at that time. In 2014, the FBI had had another Western foreign fighter under surveillance named Denis Cuspert, a former German rapper who went by the rap name “Deso Dogg.” A fake video Cuspert produced purportedly showing U.S. soldiers raping a Muslim woman reportedly inspired an attack on four U.S. service members in Germany in 2011. In the summer of 2014, Cuspert emerged as an ISIS recruiter and cheerleader in Syria, and ISIS videos depicted him holding the severed head of an executed ISIS prisoner.
Rapper Denis Cuspert, aka “Deso Dog,” in Berlin in 2004. (Photo: Imago via ZUMA Press)
In June, the FBI discovered that Daniela Greene, one of its translators who held a top secret clearance and was monitoring Cuspert’s online activities, had disappeared while on foreign travel to Germany. She soon reappeared having secretly traveled to Syria to marry Cuspert. As CNN reported, on Aug. 1, 2014, a little over a month after Greene disappeared, federal authorities issued a secret warrant for her arrest, stating that the “defendant was at large in Syria or Turkey in the company of the leader of a terrorist group.” Within weeks of marrying Cuspert, Greene had second thoughts about life in the caliphate and fled back to the United States, where she was immediately arrested.
Meanwhile, any doubts about the depravity at the center of Junaid Hussain and Sally-Anne Jones’ love story were dispelled when an ISIS video emerged showing her son JoJo executing a hostage with a gun. He was 12 years old.
In many ways, the terrorist attack in Paris which killed 130 people on November 13, 2015, crystalized all fears about the ISIS foreign fighter threat. The ringleaders were Western Europeans who had traveled to Syria and received training and support from experienced ISIS leaders. Some of the cell members had successfully infiltrated back into Europe by hiding among tens of thousands of Muslim refugees. Once back in Europe, they activated known extremist and criminal networks, operating largely out of the Muslim ghetto in Molenbeek, Brussels. The same hardened ISIS cell which attacked Paris was also responsible for the March 22, 2016, suicide bombing attacks in Brussels that killed 32 civilians and injured more 300 others. Of 40 terror attacks in Europe since 2015, only three have been perpetrated by foreign fighters, according to U.S. counterterrorism data. But those three have accounted for half of all the resulting casualties.
“The Paris attack was a nightmare, and of particular concern because of the direct connectivity between ISIS and the perpetrators. It had all the hallmarks of a centrally planned, organized and directed attack involving top ISIS leadership,” said NCTC’s Rasmussen. The attack prompted Western countries and intelligence services to redouble efforts to identify every individual who had traveled to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS, he said, and to put their names into terrorist data bases and watch lists. “We always anticipated that Western fighters who flowed to the conflict zone in Syria would return home at some point, so we spent the first few years on data collection and identification of these people. I feel confident in that work because of extraordinary and really unprecedented cooperation with a lot of our counterterrorism partners around the world.”
People gather in front of Le Carillon cafe, a site of terrorist attacks in Paris, Nov. 16, 2015. (Photo: Jerome Delay/AP)
A central pillar of that unprecedented cooperation was Operation Gallant Phoenix, a U.S.-led initiative to enable the widespread sharing of intelligence on ISIS foreign fighters that started out with eight countries and expanded to more than 20. “Gallant Phoenix allows allied nations not only to share intelligence on the foreign fighter threat, but also to get that information back to their law enforcement and homeland security agencies so they have visibility on the movement of foreign fighters in order to deal with this challenge,” Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told the author in an interview last summer.
Under the direction of Defense Secretary Jim Mattis this year, the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq and Syria also adopted a new “annihilation” strategy of completely surrounding ISIS strongholds before attacking, to keep enemy fighters from escaping.
“When Secretary Mattis looked at our anti-ISIS campaign, he concluded that in some instances we were essentially just pushing the enemy from one location to another. He asked me and the military chain of command to make a conscious effort not to allow ISIS fighters to just flee from one location to another, but rather to deliberately seek to ‘annihilate’ the enemy … and our commanders on the ground have tried to meet that goal,” said Dunford. “But I would never claim that means that all enemy fighters are being killed. One tactic they adopted is to mix in with the civilian population, and that makes targeting them very difficult.”
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Marine Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., left, and U.S. Secretary of Defense Jim Mattisanswer questions during a Pentagon briefing, May 19, 2017. (Photo: Win McNamee/Getty Images)
Other post-Paris reforms include Europol creating the European Counter Terrorism Center in January 2016 to serve as a clearinghouse for intelligence modeled after the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center. Since 2014, more than 60 countries have also passed new laws making it illegal to join or support terrorist groups, many mirroring the U.S. law against “materially supporting” terrorists groups. Meanwhile, better identification and tracking of ISIS foreign fighters made it much more difficult for them to slip back into Europe undetected.
“There has been a huge shift in the willingness of European countries to share intelligence on the terrorist threat over the past two years, and we are now checking people entering or exiting Europe against common databases of terrorists,” said a senior European Union official, who asked not to be identified in order to speak freely about intelligence matters. “Not even the United States checks exits.”
The result is that an ISIS foreign fighter army of roughly 40,000 at its peak has declined to between 1,000 and 1,500, according to U.S. counterterrorism officials. More than 20 ISIS leaders have been successfully targeted, including Abu Mohammad al-Adnani, the senior ISIS spokesman who is believed to have authorized the terror attacks in Paris and Brussels, killed in Aleppo in September 2016. Prominent foreign fighters caught in that lethal dragnet include Jihadi John, the British militant and executioner whose real name was Mohammed Emwazi, killed in a drone strike in November 2015 — and Hussain and his wife, Sally-Anne Jones. Her son is believed to have been killed with her.
“We take the threat ISIS’s British fighters will return as the group’s territory is squeezed very seriously, and we have plans to make sure those who do return are arrested. The numbers are small, but very important,” Amber Rudd, the British home secretary, told the author at a recent event sponsored by the Washington think tank New America. Though the Manchester bomber is thought to have received training by an ISIS affiliate in Libya, the other ISIS-inspired attacks in Britain this year were perpetrated by homegrown terrorists radicalized online or in local mosques. Early this year, British security services revealed that fully 3,000 people with links to ISIS or other Islamist extremist groups were under active investigation, with 20,000 others categorized as posing a “residual risk.” “For both Britain and the United States, we believe the future threat will mostly come from homegrown radicals,” said Rudd.
For their part, U.S. counterterrorism officials realize that it took only a relative handful of experienced ISIS foreign fighters to perpetrate the terrorist “spectaculars” in Paris and Brussels. Of the more than a thousand foreign fighters they now estimate will return to the West, how many will possess the skills and networking contacts of an Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the Belgian who masterminded the Paris attacks? How many will embody the commitment to a nihilistic cause of a Sally-Anne Jones, who turned her own young child into an unwitting executioner and human shield? As the Washington Post recently reported, hundreds of female immigrants to the Islamic State are now seeking to return to their native countries with their children, raising fears of another wave of terror attacks.
A boy believed to be Jojo Dixon, son of Sally-Anne Jones is seen (circled) in this Islamic State propaganda video before executing a Kurdish fighter.
“I actually think the West collectively did a good job of cataloguing who these ISIS foreign fighters were, where they were from, and when might they try and come home, but this business is still more of an art than a science,” said Russell Travers, the deputy director of the National Counterterrorism Center. “Most will die in the caliphate, but there will still be a trickle of foreign fighters with training in weapons and explosives that return, and they remain a concern. Even if they are arrested and put in jail, the chances are that the sentences will be relatively light in some cases, and they will be out on the streets in a few years. So this is going to be recurring threat.”
In June Sally-Anne Jones and Jojo reportedly made it almost to the Syrian border town of Mayadin, the last redoubt of the crumbling ISIS caliphate. Britain’s willingness to approve lethal attacks on its own citizens had already been established with the deaths of her husband, Hussain, and of Jihadi John in 2015, both killed in joint U.S.-U.K. counterterrorism strikes. Intelligence operatives called those operations London’s “Awlaki moment,” referring to a threat that drives a democratic government to issue an extrajudicial death sentence to its own citizens, albeit traitorous ones. The United States crossed that Rubicon in 2011, when it targeted U.S. citizen Anwar al-Awlaki.
Last June, the same shadow that stalked her husband was tracking Sally-Anne Jones. ISIS routinely uses civilians as human shields as part of its trade craft, and Jones may have thought that her 12-year-old son was insurance against a lethal strike. Certainly under the United Nations charter Jojo was too young to be classified as a soldier. The “rules of engagement” for lethal drone strikes are one of the most closely guarded government secrets, and it’s unclear whether U.S. counterterrorism officials were aware of his presence. Much as Anwar al-Awlaki’s 16-year-old son Abdulrahman was killed as “collateral damage” in a subsequent U.S. drone strke, Jojo reportedly disappeared in the blast cloud of a missile aimed at Sally-Anne Jones.
Tribesmen stand on the rubble of a building destroyed by a U.S. drone air strike that targeted suspected al-Qaida militants in Azan, a southeastern province of Yemen, Feb. 3, 2013. (Photo: Khaled Abdullah/Reuters)
“That operation left a bitter aftertaste, because a lot of us hoped to somehow get Jojo out of Syria alive,” said an intelligence source. “I have a big issue with a parent who would not only drag their young child into the perverse world of the Islamic State, but also let someone put a gun in his hand and turn him into an executioner. The world is definitely better off without someone like Sally-Anne Jones in it, but I still wish we could have saved Jojo before they pushed him over that threshold.”
James Kitfield is a senior fellow at the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress.
_____
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The Easiest Way to a Hotter Body
1 of 5
Jonathan Kantor
A Hotter Body—No Sweat!
As soon as you slip off your sneakers after a workout, your body starts repairing the "damage" you did to your muscles. In fact, it's actually this recovery process—not exercise itself—that makes you stronger and leaner, says Stacy Sims, Ph.D., an exercise physiologist and nutrition scientist at the Stanford School of Medicine's Prevention-Research Center in Palo Alto, California. "To speed your results, research shows that what you do when you're not exercising is nearly as important as the workout itself," she says. Get on the fast track with these minimum-effort moves.
1. Log More Z's
The benefits: We know, we know—if you could lose a pound every time you heard about the advantages of sleep, you'd never have to work out again. But if seven to nine hours of shut-eye still isn't a priority, here's some incentive:
Not only does deep sleep kick up production of tissue-repairing growth hormone, but studies show that lack of it is a weight-gain double whammy: It prompts your body to consume more calories and shuts down its ability to recognize a full stomach. When you're tired, your gut produces more ghrelin, a chemical that triggers sugar cravings. "It causes your body to seek quick energy from food to try to keep you awake," says neurologist Chris Winter, M.D., medical director of the Martha Jefferson Hospital Sleep Medicine Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. Meanwhile, fatigue suppresses leptin, a fat-cell hormone that tells your brain, "OK, stop eating now." For this reason, says Winter, "prioritizing sleep is probably the best thing you can do, recovery-wise, to meet your body-shaping goals."
Sneak In More Shut-Eye
Set an alarm for an hour before bed, then power down: Not only are electronics distracting, but the specific light they emit can affect your sleep quality.
2 of 5
2. Get Going a Little
The benefits: You may feel like rewarding yourself with some downtime, but doing a low-key activity the day after a big workout will prolong the muscle-sculpting perks of increased circulation. "Fresh blood flow brings fresh nutrients to your muscles and helps flush waste products like lactic acid," says Sims. What's more, staying active has also been proven to reduce post-exercise muscle soreness and suppress nervous-system activity that can result in poor sleep.
Take an easy yoga class or go on a walk with friends at a conversational pace. If you're sitting behind a desk all day, stroll around the office for about 10 minutes every couple of hours to get things moving. Then prepare for a different kind of reward: a less-painful gym session tomorrow.
3 of 5
3. Upgrade Your Post-Workout Snack
The benefits: Sports scientists have long advocated having a bite after exercising to help promote muscle repair. An even more compelling reason: less belly fat. Exercise activates cortisol, a stress hormone that gives you that extra surge to push until the end of spin class, says sims. But lingering in that state for too long can backfire; cortisol not only inhibits the muscle-repair process but also alters your metabolism so that your body stores more calories as fat (typically in the abdominal region) instead of burning them off.
Luckily, chowing down on some protein within 30 minutes after your workout will prevent these deleterious effects, says sims, who suggests eating a hard-boiled egg or substituting low-fat milk for the fruit juice in your smoothie. even starbucks fans are in luck: with a nonfat mocha latte, you'll get the cortisol antidote (protein) from the milk, plus a secret weapon—caffeine. One study found that, when ingested with carbs (the chocolate, in this case), caffeine increased muscles' energy production 66 percent more than carbs alone.
4 of 5
4. Massage It Out
The benefits: A post-workout Swedish massage isn't just an indulgence: Research shows that it boosts strength recovery by 60 percent. "Massage reduces inflammation in the tissue and increases blood flow to the area, which is what speeds up recovery," says Sims, who recommends letting muscles cool down completely for a few hours after exercise before having a light massage. You don't even need to see a therapist—DlY rubdowns provide the same benefits.
Set aside 10 minutes before bed on days when you exercise intensely, says Sims. For the best result, use long, smooth strokes over the muscles worked, and use a foam roller or massage balls on hard-to-reach spots. lf you find a knot, move slowly from the outside in, but keep the pressure light to make sure you don't agitate an already inflamed muscle. For acute soreness, apply a cold compress or ice pack for about 20 minutes to further decrease inflammation.
Knead Away Pain
If any areas feel particularly tight or sticky (a sign of adhesions), spend extra time stretching and massaging there to prevent a future injury.
5 of 5
5. Boost Your Water Intake
The benefits: Dehydration substantially slows your metabolic rate—so even if you're killing it at the gym, you could be negating the calorie-burning advantages if you aren't drinking enough H20, says Shawn Talbott, Ph.D., a nutritional biochemist in Salt Lake City. And it's not just the eight-glasses-a-day (or 64 ounces) rule you've heard time and time again. Experts advise downing an additional 16 to 20 ounces of water for every hour you train.
If swigging the recommended amount of water feels like a Herculean task in itself, remember that most standard bottles of water contain 16 ounces, so four of them (not eight) equal eight glasses.
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More From Weight Loss | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '284', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9277486205101012}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '246222', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:FLWQ4FBQKJBGHJ7GCKBTIDQZHHFZVF23', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:43af37cf-bc36-4934-afe0-b95039790c81>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 22, 23, 44), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.248.155', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QNBZRSDGK4DNM36HCVANFBWF23HCOGKS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bb6665b7-7103-4040-a786-fb8250398f73>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight-loss/g19925130/lose-weight-without-exercise/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:eac7640d-93c2-4c6b-b223-3a1951af4fa6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '927', 'url': 'https://www.womenshealthmag.com/weight-loss/g19925130/lose-weight-without-exercise/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-198-92.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0920252799987793', 'original_id': '4f747c5351c3816d9014180b09f2cff5144244a95fe43e8afb3f0bf790be7f93'} |
How to do this countdown
I have a end date in the database
i get the current date, let's suppose is in UTC
class Datecalc
{
public $year;
public $month;
public $day;
public $hour;
public $min;
public $sec;
function diff($start,$end = false)
{
if($start > $end)
{
$this->day = 0;
$this->hour = "00";
$this->min = "00";
$this->sec = "00";
return false;
}
if(!$end) { $end = time(); }
if(!is_numeric($start) || !is_numeric($end)) { return false; }
$start = date('Y-m-d H:i:s',$start);
$end = date('Y-m-d H:i:s',$end);
$d_start = new DateTime($start);
$d_end = new DateTime($end);
$diff = $d_start->diff($d_end);
$this->year = $diff->format('%y');
$this->month = $diff->format('%m');
$this->day = $diff->format('%d');
$this->hour = $diff->format('%H');
$this->min = $diff->format('%I');
$this->sec = $diff->format('%S');
return true;
}
}
I use this function to calculate the difference in time, but the problem is that i cant count days to 99, and when the date is 00:00:00, the days -1, and its sets to 98 and the time 23:59:59, in this code its all good, but if the number of days gets higer than 30, its resets to 01, i think you understand what i am trying to say, please help!!
in other words i need to count the days separately, and the time needs to be binded to that days
Its always a good idea to do date calculation with timestamps, cause you got only one number to handle, and can transform the timestamp after calculating to a proper days/month/whatever string.
Convert your date to EPOC standard, do the difference, then manually convert it to month/day etc.
oh man, i am really confused about that, can you give me a little example that helps me understand?
The method you use will never allow you to get days > 30 because any days above 30 will be converted to another month...
This might be better approach for you:
http://www.prettyscripts.com/code/php/php-date-difference-in-days
Or
http://www.bizinfosys.com/php/date-difference.html
(Simple google search btw...)
i have been searched for long, i have founded a script that count the days , but how can i bind the time to that days, because when the time gets 00:00:00, the days still the same
function dateDiff ($d1, $d2) {
// Return the number of days between the two dates:
return round(abs(strtotime($d1)-strtotime($d2))/86400);
} // end function dateDiff okay i have fount this script, but how can i bind the real time???, when the time sets to 00:00:00 will the days countdown?
First, you should be checking if $end is false before you check is $start is greater than $end.
That said, the diff method returns a DateInterval object (http://us.php.net/manual/en/class.dateinterval.php), which has a number of options, including total number of days between the dates, as well as years, months, days, etc. You probably want to be using what is already returned by the diff method, rather than the format function.
$diff = $d_start->diff($d_end);
echo 'Total days difference: '.$diff->days;
echo 'Year, Month, Days, time difference: '.
$diff->y.' y, '.$diff->m.' m, '.$diff->d.' d, '.$diff->h.' h, '.$diff->i.' m, '.$diff->s.' s, ';
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9262726', 'collection': 'StackExchange', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2012.0', 'title': 'Stack Exchange', 'creator': 'Corubba, Mikhail, RITUAN NASA, Sargis Gasparyan, Yaye Carter, e6fciuf194, federico villafañe, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1094486, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1207067, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21021133, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21021134, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21021135, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21021661, https://stackoverflow.com/users/21023103, https://stackoverflow.com/users/425380, yeah its me', 'language': 'Sardinian', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '490', 'token_count': '1022', '__index_level_0__': '2135', 'original_id': '4dc985f1a429a46ddb05dff298acaef1956b17c89e6a3dacb5aed89c32e75235'} |
Friday, May 10, 2013
Memorable Moms
In celebration of Mother's Day, it's Friday fun on the blog today with a nod to the moms we grew up with - not our moms, but memorable mamas from the big and small screens. Enjoy these good moms, then go call your mother.
2. Movie Moms
Sue - M'Lynn Eatenton played by the adorable Sally Field in one of my very favorite movies, "Steel Magnolias." The film portrays motherhood and friendship in a heart-breaking, but humorous way.
"Oh, God. I a woman, just how lucky I am. I was there when that wonderful creature drifted into my life. And I was there when she drifted out. It was the most precious moment of my life.” ~ M’Lynn speaking to her friends about the death of her daughter Shelby.
Brian - In Savage Steve Holland's classic teen movie, "Better Off Dead," Lane Meyer's irrepressible mom was played by Kim Darby, who broke onto the big screen in the John Wayne movie "True Grit." To me, she was the comedic version of all mothers. She tried a little too hard and had no idea how funny her unaware awkwardness was. I can't have fries at a restaurant without hearing her voice say, "Fronch Fries" and a list of other traditional Fronch (French) dishes.
3. TV Moms
Sue - Marion Cunningham played by Marion Ross in "Happy Days." Lovable and spunky Mrs. C. always managed to keep Howard, Richie, Joanie, and even the Fonz in line. "Sit on it Fonzie!"
Brian - Florida, played by Esther Rolle, from "Good Times", along with her husband James, always tried to make the best of things. She consistently played a mother who, above all, cared for the condition of her children's hearts. It didn't matter if they were successful, so long as they were honest. It didn't matter that they didn't have much, so long as they had each other. As a family, they clung to each other and rallied against the systems that kept them in the projects.
1. Animated Moms
Sue - Jane Jetson voiced by Peggy Singleton in the cartoon "The Jetsons." Jane seemed pretty hip as a mom and she cooked dinner by pressing a button. I wish I could do that!
Brian - Marge Simpson
Oh long-suffering-not-too-bright-innocent-but-wise Marge! Though she is animated, she embodies the mother who still manages to stay classy (seriously... pearls), and still really loves her "Homie" even when he's a complete buffoon. Marge is voiced by Julie Kavner, who we got to know during her 1974-78 stint on Rhoda as the title character's sister Brenda.
Happy Mother's Day to all the moms and grandmas out there. Enjoy your special day!
1. Radio moms. How many of you remember (or even have heard of) the series, "I Remember Momma?"
2. Happy Mother's Day to all!
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Toxocariasis is caused by roundworm parasites (toxocara)
How common is toxocariasis?
The Health Protection Agency (HPA) only recorded 30 cases in England and Wales between 2000 and 2010.
However, it's likely many more people have been exposed to the parasites without knowing it.
Toxocariasis is a rare infection caused by roundworm parasites. It is spread from animals to humans via their infected faeces.
Roundworm parasites are most commonly found in cats, dogs and foxes and usually affect young children. This is because children are more likely to come into contact with contaminated soil when they play and put their hands in their mouths.
However, cases have been reported in people of all ages.
Signs and symptoms
However, some people experience mild symptoms such as:
In rare cases, the roundworm larvae infect organs such as the liver, lungs, eyes or brain and cause severe symptoms such as:
• fatigue
• loss of appetite
• breathing difficulties
• blurred or cloudy vision in one eye
Read more about the symptoms of toxocariasis.
Why it happens
The roundworm parasites responsible for toxocariasis (called Toxocara) live in the digestive system of dogs, foxes and cats. The worms produce eggs, which are released in the faeces of infected animals and contaminate soil.
If small particles of contaminated soil get into someone's mouth, they may develop toxocariasis.
It's not possible for someone with toxocariasis to pass it directly to another person.
Read more about the causes of toxocariasis.
Reducing your risk
For example, washing hands with soap and warm water after handling pets or coming into contact with soil or sand.
Read more about preventing toxocariasis.
How it's treated
If you have no or mild symptoms, treatment is not usually necessary.
However, you will need medication if you have a severe infection affecting your organs. Specifically, a type of medication called an anthelminthic is used to kill the parasites.
If your eye is affected by toxocariasis, anthelminthics are not used, but steroid medication (corticosteroids) may be required to suppress inflammation. Surgery may also be needed, for example if you develop retinal detachment.
Most cases make a full recovery and don't experience any long-term complications. However, there is a risk of permanent vision loss if one of the eyes is affected.
Read more about treating toxocariasis.
Page last reviewed: 11/04/2013
Next review due: 11/04/2015
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LakesMum said on 11 February 2011
ukfire999 yes its rare but it will will effect my daughter for her whole life. I can teach her to be road safe but its too late to fix her eye.
Report this content as offensive or unsuitable
ukfire999 said on 19 August 2010
Sky News as you have linked to this page - 10 children a year contract this infection, yes it is that rare! Most dog owners are responsible, and how about spending more time and vigour on informing parents about the thousands of children who are killed or injured on our roads? Oh no, that does not make a sensational headline.
Report this content as offensive or unsuitable
Useful links
NHS Choices links
External links
Pet allergies and pet hygiene
They may be part of the family but pets can also inflame allergies and spread infections. Learn about good pet hygiene
Does your child have a serious illness?
Find and choose services for Toxocariasis | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '125', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9308621883392334}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '91863', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:MBHIXOZGMAFQNMKM7WZLUMMGVQGMYZTI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:58ebd7e3-fd01-4821-ae7a-1706491b25e2>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 12, 12, 47, 57), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.13.166.230', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OMA5VQNO4D63SQHBL7MAYWKPH4DLICAP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ef1b8281-a4f7-4c10-95f9-8e709187f0b4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Toxocariasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a565b896-f352-40e8-893b-fa4f2500d29c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '698', 'url': 'http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Toxocariasis/Pages/Introduction.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.019669532775878906', 'original_id': '4481b9f4456486903b5ac684215c54aa3aefb6d3b4fc5c0380e61e58b23bd6b5'} |
\section{Functionally Complete Logical Connectives/Negation and Conjunction}
Tags: Propositional Logic, Functional Completeness, Boolean Logic
\begin{theorem}
The set of logical connectives:
:$\set {\neg, \land}$: Not and And
is functionally complete.
{{expand|to adopt the notion of Independent Set of Statements}}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
From Functionally Complete Logical Connectives: Negation, Conjunction, Disjunction and Implication, all sixteen of the binary truth functions can be expressed in terms of $\neg, \land, \lor, \implies$.
From Conjunction and Implication, we have that:
:$p \implies q \dashv \vdash \neg \paren {p \land \neg q}$
From De Morgan's laws: Disjunction, we have that:
:$p \lor q \dashv \vdash \neg \paren {\neg p \land \neg q}$
So any instance of either $\implies$ or $\lor$ can be replaced identically with one using just $\neg$ and $\land$.
It follows that $\set {\neg, \land}$ is functionally complete.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '4c48304106ad0507c2d229067dc258d77af2fd936c7cc000cdb4f05414fade07'} |
Musa rosea
Musa rosea is a species of wild banana (genus Musa).
References
rosea | mini_pile | {'original_id': '3d9ae1e8ea15d141069df4af25938ebc787a514732cece02c4b2595ab1117085'} |
num-keyboard problems in Delphi 6 console program
I have a Delphi 6 compiled console program that I've used in many years without any problems. But suddenly I can't get the [pageUP][pageDown] and the arrow-keys to work in my program. Then I figgured out to press a num key and then the [num-lock] and then all the keys works. Thats ok, but I use the arrow-keys and the [pageUP][pageDown] and the num-keyboard offen, so I attend to find a solution soon.
When I got all the keys to work (and then have to use the num-keyboad) I press the num-lock again (active) and then the other keys don't work again.
It's only a problem in my Delphi program and not in my WindowsXpPro(SP1)
I have 8 computers(WinXPpro) and only one of them have this problem. I've never seen this problem before in all the years. All computers runs the same program in a network, so it's the same .exe file.
I have changed my keyboard with no luck, and cheked that out that the keyboardsettings was right in windowsXP.
I rather not reinstall my WindowsXPPro, so that's not a solution for now.
Can anybody please help me out if you have seen anything like it before or just have a suggestion.
Peter Skafte
Who is Participating?
I wear a lot of hats...
I'm not sure, but maybe a hook problem?
Did you install anything "weird" on that machine?
Can you return to a previous configuration which doesn't suffer
from this problem?
Did you do any Windows Update on that computer that you
didn't do on the others?
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This is usually a problem of "extended" keys.
You have two sets of arrow keys and PgUp/PgDn keys. The separate ones and the numberpad if NumLock is off.
One set generates extended keys whereas the other not.
I would assume that you test the scancode which is different for the keys (extended bit).
skafteAuthor Commented:
There is not installed any software on that computer that is not installed on the others.
There may be differences in the keyboard controllers.
From novice to tech pro — start learning today. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '134', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9320782423019408}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '79394', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:P2B65PHRQTVORCSL7H2WAJ3ZWLM6L4GE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:eb2176eb-da5e-43a7-b90f-8d0017380ae4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 19, 23, 10, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.20.168.10', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JEDNY5JHIXPI5SBO35UPQEEQTR6TR7EF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bc0822a0-4198-419c-834c-60d992b5031c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/20784929/num-keyboard-problems-in-Delphi-6-console-program.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:13a4aff8-a2c8-4a8d-8671-28d32faf70b6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '517', 'url': 'https://www.experts-exchange.com/questions/20784929/num-keyboard-problems-in-Delphi-6-console-program.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-140-252-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.035394132137298584', 'original_id': '5ae1b3af2a2ec1443a267fcbd6e82d30fffda9007b782face842117e2e9140da'} |
From the founder of Big E Toys. "The Future of Board Games" is as you might expect, an exploration of the future of board games. In what direction are we headed and why? What will we be playing? How will we interact? What will games look like in the future?
Two men were chatting outside the Minneapolis public library the other day, discussing the upside of unemployment. “I’m spending more time with my family, and we’re just hanging out —doing old-fashioned stuff like playing board games and cards.” His unmarried friend was incredulous. “Well, you don’t need a ruined economy to do that!”
But it seemed to me the bachelor was missing the point, and the family man was reading my mind: “Losing my job made me rewrite my whole budget, which made me realize that working hard in order to spend hard meant a lot of sacrifices. For what? Less time, more junk, deeper debt.” The bachelor thought a moment, and then said, “Dude, it’s people like you who are making the recession longer and harder for everyone.”
The bachelor might have been correct from a macroeconomic point of view — economists call it the paradox of thrift: The less consumers spend, the longer the recovery. But who could blame the family man for looking out for number one? Consumers of every income level are realizing that getting tougher on the budget has a lot of upside. They get their finances in order, build on a more solid economic foundation for the future and, yes, recommit to core beliefs without the distractions of debt-driven consumerism. Will that delay recovery? Yes. But when recovery comes, we’ll not likely see another Great Recession in our lifetimes. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fa5a6096a4ee27f724b57f02fe0c6bfbf5597188489be60fb0ca804549d027b6'} |
Coronavirus: How to safely handle fruits, vegetables and meat
The internet has been a wonderful boon during times of self-isolation and social distancing, being a source of instant communication and unlimited entertainment. However, it has also fuelled certain myths when it comes to the coronavirus, especially in terms of consumption habits. In light of this, experts in the field of food safety management share some tips and ground rules to keep in mind.
Basic guidelines for handling food
According to Kaushal Sutaria, the managing director of MyEasyISO, a food management system automation software, there are four immediate things to keep in mind when handling food:
1. Wash hands and surfaces often
2. Separate foods from unclean surfaces to avoid risk of cross contamination
3. Cook to the right temperature
4. Refrigerate promptly and properly
He advises residents to disinfect surfaces more often than they would usually do, and ensure all utensils such as cutting boards, strainers and containers are cleaned and dried to avoid any cross contamination. Finally fruits and vegetables have to be washed thoroughly with running water to remove microorganisms on the surface
Debunking myths
A rumour that has been making the rounds is that consuming meat may possibly increase the chances of catching the virus. This is false information. Since it is transmissible through person-to-person contact, it’s imperative that the person handling the meat is using following certain standards
After preparation
People must be equally careful when handling cooked food.
The National | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9353211522102356}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '103912', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DHWIT6565OIOG2DDG4VASYOBTTCYRA4W', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4361eeba-9b51-4cc1-a117-5dd067c73e56>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 11, 7, 39, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '209.97.176.67', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:C3XO2CPUG4GD6BZWUXPUCJ5YE2EBHPXQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:cfc00ea9-0530-4735-b494-e0ecf60882bf>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.bahrain-confidential.com/coronavirus-how-to-safely-handle-fruits-vegetables-and-meat/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:71732509-4169-4818-a3cc-5aa6ee2fe707>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '248', 'url': 'https://www.bahrain-confidential.com/coronavirus-how-to-safely-handle-fruits-vegetables-and-meat/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-101.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.14221173524856567', 'original_id': '30020c26af851e4dedf72af02748ae4262bd236d29d80492d2d181f8e008e576'} |
South Korean girl band, Twice. Facebook/Twice
Kim Sung Eun, is one such proud vocal trainer who has imparted music training to a lot of accomplished idols in her career. The songstress rose to fame after her appearance as lead trainer in reality girl group survival show, Produce 101.
Sung Eun recently sat for an interview with Sisun News, and revealed her favorite idols and shared stories surrounding them. She started off with the name of the most popular boy band, BTS. She said: "The first is BTS' Jin. One day, Jin suddenly sent me a song. He said, 'Teacher, this is a song you used as a lesson before. I tried recording it for real this time. Didn't I get a lot better at singing?' He was so amazing. Actually, that song doesn't have a proper MR, but Jin made an MR for himself and recorded it properly in a studio."
"I cried so hard at 3AM listening to that song. Jin is an amazing person. Even now, when BTS has a concert, he invites me whether it's in Korea or overseas," Sung Eun added.
Revealing her second option, the trainer shared her thoughts about girl group Twice. Sung Eun said: "TWICE has been #1 on the charts. During that time, they had opportunities to give their 1st place acceptance speeches on music shows. As soon as they got the mic, they said, 'Sung Eun-sunsaengnim, thank you'."
The songstress affirmed that Twice is the only group who ranked top and did not forget to mention her name in their speech. Sung Eun further added that while all her artists promises to say her name during the speeches, many forget due to overflow of emotions.
She said: "However, even though TWICE must have been overwhelmed by their win, they remembered me and said my name. Yesterday, I saw them at their label, and they ran over and hugged me. I was so touched." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9857065081596376}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '90604', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V5SUVKOXY5PGE6KZ7GXN45KHBJPFHE47', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:419ac625-72ab-4acf-9d87-2729dc6d98a7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 18, 5, 38, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '35.198.252.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OY6BFKBDAMFU72B5AIZ24TLIRNLOJCRL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:53bd1ddd-28f4-4be7-80fd-6533d8339fff>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.ibtimes.sg/kim-sung-eun-reveals-bts-twices-training-days-2109', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:737c67de-40fe-4eb9-9770-4e025e437c1b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '316', 'url': 'http://www.ibtimes.sg/kim-sung-eun-reveals-bts-twices-training-days-2109', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-51-200-95.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02439063787460327', 'original_id': '92e2d4a574e8ef37c283f8944ab0ff0d5091508099d1e87d5ddf2e058469e4b2'} |
tina fey amy poehler golden globes drinking gamePaul Drinkwater/NBCUniversal via Getty Images
With Amy Poehler and Tina Fey's upcoming second stint as Golden Globes hosts comes an updated version of their Golden Globes Drinking Game.
The pair, who previously made up a list of rules for The Hollywood Reporter before their inaugural hosting job last year, updated the game for the 2014 telecast. Unsurprisingly, it's still irreverent and hilarious.
According to Fey, viewers should take a sip "any time you see a gown with sleeves," a reference to the demure dresses that the many 40-years-or-older Best Actress film nominees may don for the ceremony.
"Any time they cut to Tom Hanks for a reaction shot, do five push-ups and you will be ripped by the end of the ceremony," Fey added.
"How about this for a drinking game? Every time I drink, everybody at home should drink," Poehler chimed in. "And if Bryan Cranston speaks, everybody has to do a little bit of meth. Just a touch, because that's all you need, just a touch."
Sounds like it should be a wild night. We've got our meth alcohol ready.
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8 Fitzroy Street
Completed in 2009, Arup’s six-storey headquarters set a new standard in office design. As engineering innovators of the construction industry, Arup have had many sustainable features designed in, including chilled beam heating and cooling, solar heated hot water, rainwater collection, daylight sensors and metering to monitor energy use. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9506447315216064}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '32499', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TE6ZXEPSPKENNYC3PRS5KJSGWWNC67BO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5137d486-dc7c-4d28-8bf5-1c59401625d5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 4, 24, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.216.214.143', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:3U6RTSLGYDUGX2JOELUMKXGPQADVSPJP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:62878793-4328-4ba1-b9db-8f5dd6c5c827>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://newlondondevelopment.com/nld/project/8_fitzroy_street?', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:20666349-8989-499a-9768-d0d1381ea073>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '51', 'url': 'http://newlondondevelopment.com/nld/project/8_fitzroy_street?', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-237-176-178.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08339345455169678', 'original_id': '4861663d62465f61a8dc6255c47163a8b17270a445b0f41658ff3b3be76f7ad5'} |
teri aankhon mein lyrics
teri aankhon mein lyrics
Haan Karde Na Choti Moti Galtiyon Ko Maaf
Itna Sa Bas Ehsaan Karde
Karde Na Choti Moti Galtiyon Ko Maaf
Itna Sa Bas Ehsaan Karde
Tu Jo Hai Naraaz Meri Saansein Na Chale
Maan Ja Tu Jeena Ye Aasan Karde
Tu Khol Mere Dil Ko Aur Le Le Talashi
Koyi Bhi Milega Na Tere Siva
Tere Siva
Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Bharke Rakhti Hu Jebe Main Dil Ki Apne
Bol Kitna Tu Maange Udhaar
Bina Byaaj Ke Dungi Tu Maang Toh Sahi
Bol Kitna Tu Maangega Pyaar
Baitha Hai Gussa Teri Naak Pe Aise
Dhokha Diya Tujhko Maine Chhod Diya Jaise
Marke Bhi Chhodun Na Tu Maanega Kaise
Nikaal Na Jubaan Se Aise Marne Ki Baat
Pyaar Aisa Karunga Ki Tu Degi Shabaashi
Misaal Main Dunga Apne Pyaar Ki Bana
Oh Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Ishq Ko Odh Le Sab Hadein Tod De
Aaj Dono Milke Ek Naye Rishtey Ko Jod De
Ishq Ko Odh Le Sab Hadein Tod De
Aaj Dono Milke Ek Naye Rishtey Ko Jod De
Tu Bole Na Mujhe Kuch Aur Main Sunti Rahun
Aise Pyaar Karte Karte Duniya Ko Chhod Du
Oh Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Teri Aankhon Mein Dikhta Jo Pyaar Mujhe
Meri Aankhon Mein Bhi Tujhe Dikhta Hai Kya
Neha Kakkar
Born Neha Kakkar Singh on 6 June 1988, she is the elder daughter of singers Sonu Kakkar and Rajni Singh. Her father died in 2006 due to cardiac arrest, while her mother later married actor Anupam Kher. Neha has three siblings: younger brother Rohan Singh Kakkar and sisters Shweta Kakkar (born 1986) and Avantika Singh (born 1990).
She studied at the Delhi Public School, New Friends World School, and pursued her studies at the National Institute of Music. At the age of six, she performed at a concert organised by the Bharat Ratna Lalit Narayan Mishra Smt. Sangeet Natak Akademi.
In 2004, she won the Junior Idol competition organized by Sony Entertainment Television, where she received training under music director duo Vishal–Shekhar.
– She made her singing debut in 2005 with the song “Aa Ab Laut Ja”, from the Hindi film.
– She sang the songs “Kuch To Log Kahenge” and “Jiya Re Jhuki” for the soundtrack album of the 2007 Telugu film.
– She worked on the soundtrack album of the 2008 Tamil film, composed by Yuvan Shankar Raja.
– She recorded the song “Mere Dil Mein Hai” for the 2009 Bhojpuri film.
Early life
Kakkar was born on 6 Jun 1988 in Rishikeswah. Her father, a government employee, died when she was five months old. She had three elder sisters, one younger brother and a twin sister. After her father’s death, her mother took up a job as a teacher while Kakkar’s uncle became her guardian. Kakkar attended school till class 10 and completed her schooling in 2005. During her childhood, Kakkar was very active both inside and outside the house. She played football, cricket, tennis, volleyball and table tennis. She regularly participated in talent contests such as singing competitions and dance competitions. While attending school, she was actively involved in drama clubs and plays. She won several awards for best actress and best supporting actor.In 2003, Kakkar joined the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad where she studied marketing management. However, she dropped out of IIM Ahmedabad after six months due to personal reasons.
After dropping out of IIM Ahmedbad, Kakkar worked as a freelance model for some fashion designers. She did modelling jobs for brands like Lakmé, L’Oreal Paris, Tommy Hilfiger, Vero Moda, Giorgio Armani, Hugo Boss, Levi’s, Adidas, Reebok, Nike, Puma and many others.
In 2006, she won theandwas signed to Sony Music India. She performed in the TV showin 2007. She participated in the 2007 edition of the reality showas one of the contestants. Her song “Anjjan”, composed by Meet Bros., became very popular among Indians. She sang it during the finale of the show.Her song “Neha”, composed by Meet Bros. and written by Roshan Mahajan, was included in the soundtrack of the film. It was featured in the trailer of the movie.
She released her debut albumin 2008. The songs are composed by Meet Bros.. The album features collaborations with Pritam Chakraborty, Amit Trivedi, Salim Sulaiman, KK, Tanishk Bagchi, Amaal Mallik, Sohail Sen and others.
During the time, she recordedfor a music album,which was never officially released.
In 2010, she released another single titled “Tere Mere Sapne”. The song was composed by JAM8, while lyrics were penned by Shabbir Ahmed. The song was sung by Zubeen Garg and Priya Bhattacharya.
In 2012, she released a third single titled “Mujhse Shaadi Karogi”, which was composed by Benny Dayal and written by Sameer Vashistha. The song was sung solo by Neeti Mohan, who had earlier sung the song “Chura Liye” for the same composer. This was followed by “Aap Se Aaya Meri Jaan Hai”, which was composed by Vishal Dadlani and written by Irshad Kamil. Both the songs were sung by Neeti Mohanan.
In 2013, she released a fourth single titled “Main Hoon Tujhe Dekho”, which was composed by Meet Bros. The song was sung along with vocals by Sunidhi Chauhan and Sukhwinder Singh.
2013–2016: Chart-busters with Fever and Baar Baar Dekho
Kakkar began her career in music with the single “Aa Ab Laut Chalen De”, sung along with Shreya Ghoshal. Her debut album was titled. After releasing two albums, she signed a record deal with Sony Music India. She released her third studio album, followed by the singles “Chandni Re”, “Tere Liye” and “Ishq Mein Teri”.
In 2014, Kakkar collaborated with Akshay Kumar for the song “Jab We Met”, which was a huge success. This led to collaborations with several Bollywood actors including Hrithik Roshan, Sonam Kapoor, Varun Dhawan, Ranveer Singh, Alia Bhatt and Karan Johar.
She had also worked with musicians like Pritam Chakraborty, Amit Trivedi, Vishal Dadlani, Ankit Tiwari, Amaan Ali Khan, Sukhwinder Singh, Armaan Malik, Neha Kakkar, Arijit Singh, Shankar Mahadevan, Javed Bashir, Naezy, Mika Singh, Mayur Puri, Badshah, Sunidhi Chauhan, Shaan, Sona Mohapatra, Shashwat Sachdev, and many others.
In 2017, she sang “Yeh Meri Jaan Hai” for the Hindi version of the movie,. The song became very popular among Indian youth. In 2018, she released the song “Galliyan” from the movie,, featuring Arijit Singh. The song became a huge hit.
Kakkar won Best Female Playback Singer Award at Zee Cine Awards for her rendition of “Rangoon” from the movie.
Her latest release is “Haseena Mausam”, which features vocals by Arijit Singh. The video of the song was shot in Delhi.
Kakkar’s first release of 2019 was “Botal Khol”, from the soundtrack of the Marathi film. The song received positive reviews from critics.
2017–present: Collaboration with Tanishk Bagchi and series of remade songs
The song “Badri Ki Dulhaniya” from the movie Badrinath Ki Dulhaniya became a hit single and went viral in India. This led to a lot of requests for remixes and cover versions of the song. In 2017, Tanishk Bagchi took over the production of the song and it was released under his label, ‘Tanishka Music’. The song was a huge success and bagged him his first ever Grammy award nomination. After this, he collaborated with Deepak Dutta and Kailash Kher for the song “Chhote Chhotee Peg”. The song was a massive hit and bagged both singers their first ever number one position on the iTunes charts. The duo later went on to collaborate again for the song “Jai Ho” from the movie JAI HO. They also worked together for the song “Yeh Mera Dil” from the movie Yeh Rishtey Hain Pyaar Ke 3. All three songs are still popular among Indian music lovers.
Kakkar’s first release of the year came in January 2018 with the song “Chamma Chammani” from the movie Fraud Saiyyan. He had earlier sung the original version of the song from the same movie in 2016. His second release of the year came towards the end of February 2018 with the song “Mere Baap Pe Maut Hai” from the movie Raabta. The song was originally composed by Anvita Dutt Guptan for the Hindi film Tujhe Salaam. Kakkar’s third release of the year came out in April 2018 with the song “Aaj Phir Se Aayegi” from the movie Saaho. The song was originally written by Shreya Ghoshal for the Tamil film Thuppakki.
In June 2018, Kakkar released another song titled “Ishq Main Aurr Rashra” from the movie Ishqiya. The song was originally sung by Arijit Singh for the Bengali film Srimati Superstar. Kakkar’s fourth and final release of the year came on 10 November 2018 with the song “Ghar Ghar Ki Kahani” from the movie Kapoor & Sons. The song was originally recorded by Amit Trivedi for the Hindi film Pink.
Plagiarism allegations
Neha Kakkar and her brothers have been accused of plagiarizing and ripping off lyrics, visuals, and harmonies from several Indian classics on numerous occasions. In fact, it seems like every song she sings sounds like something someone else has already done better. She even got into trouble over the tune of “Kudiye Mujhe,” where she had borrowed some lines from a popular Bollywood hit called “Choli Ke Peechey.”
In addition to the accusations about copying music, Neha and her family are also being accused of plagiarizing lyrics. This includes songs like “Tere Mere Sapne Mein” from the movie “Aashiqui 2,” “Jiya Jale Aayegi” from the film “Happy New Year,” and “Teri Meri Love Story” from the film “Ishq Vishk”.
The most recent accusation came from the singer herself, when she tweeted that she was being accused of plagiarizing the famous song “Aa Ab To Iss Baat Hai”, originally performed by the legendary playback singer Mohammed Rafi. Neha wrote in Hindi, “Mujhe koi apni baate hai… Tumko yeh nahi chahte ho jaye… Yeh mera bhi dosti hai… Main mujhe koi apna baate hoon.. Tumko yeh kabhi nahi chahta hoon… Isliye humein pyaar ka matlab ki taraf kyun?” (“I’m being accused of plagiarizing you… I don’t want to hear anything… I am your friend too… I am being accused of having stolen your love… But I’ve never stolen anyone’s love…”).
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New Enter The Void Trailer Online
Noe's escape from reality
Giant titles? Check. Nosebleed inducing sound and visuals? Yup. Quiet, tranquil bits juxtaposed with super-dark stuff? Present. Could this possibly be a trailer for the new Gaspar Noe film Enter the Void? Oh yes.
It's very recognisably a film by the director of Irreversible then, but there's new ground to be trod here, both in terms of the expensive special effects, the point of view, and the fact that it's in English.
Don't let the language and the FX lull you into any sort of false sense of security that Noe has gone mainstream though. Enter the Void (or Soudain Le Vide, if you will) draws some sort of inspiration from The Tibetan Book of the Dead, and continues to follow its protagonist Oscar even after he shuffles off this mortal coil.
There will be sex and drugs and violence, we can reveal. No rock 'n' roll though: the sound design is by Thomas Bangalter from Daft Punk. Nathaniel Brown and Paz de la Huerta star, and, after a long time on the festival circuit, Enter the Void will finally get a UK release on September 24. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9033727645874025}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '27031', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GGEU3MA66A57O3HZQPYZCWQGVMXPWFKQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:317b0b0a-e3bf-4783-a4d1-a4c24027d6e7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 7, 29, 18, 0, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.77.58.101', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y43J4PESCWKF65FJR57A2O46JMI7M6SF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1f21dc3c-0e6c-4c9e-be76-8638f620faec>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/new-enter-void-trailer-online/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4b74be7d-08b1-4f50-a093-1e571edf267e>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '196', 'url': 'http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/new-enter-void-trailer-online/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-30\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0233304500579834', 'original_id': '9890b79549c35af06476ae996379d8b113598166452550869c9ffab1cef3a559'} |
In Web Search, Be Efficient in the Terms You Use
By this point in the Internet era, everyone should know how to find information on the Web with a search engine like Google or Bing.
Easy, right? Just type what you are looking for in the little box.
There are even easier ways. Google and Bing have built right into their search boxes tools like calculators, currency converters and dictionaries. They developed a host of tricks you can use to slice through clutter to reach the information you need. In some cases the results appear right away; you don’t need to touch the enter key. Many of the shortcuts work with the Web browsers on smartphones and tablets.
“We really try to make Bing a place where you can go to get stuff done in the real world,” said Stefan Weitz, senior director of Bing, Microsoft’s search engine and chief rival to Google. “People expect search now to actually do a better job connecting them to the ultimate destination.” If you need any additional help, Google also offers online tutorials.
TRAVEL TOOLS A fast way to find driving directions with Google is to type your query directly in the search box, using the following format: from 1380 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA to 815 Boylston Street, Boston. The result is a map along with driving distance, trip time and a link to directions.
If you are planning air travel, you can track fares and be directed to sites for ticket purchases. In the Google search box, type airport codes in the following way: BOS to ABQ. An initial listing of flights appears, along with drop-down calendars to select departure and return dates.
If you click on the “Flights from Boston to Albuquerque” link, you arrive at a more extensive tool for finding flight information, including a lowest fares calculator, available by clicking the small graph-shaped button, or an interactive map, by clicking the balloon button, where you can choose among different departure or destination cities.
Bing’s tool for air travel can be found using the same format of entering airport codes in the search box, and when you drill down further you have choices of buying tickets through sources like Travelocity, Priceline and Expedia.
With either Bing or Google, you can quickly check flight status using the following format: Delta flight status 1512.
Also useful for travelers are language translation tools. In either Bing or Google, use the following format: translate coffee to Turkish. The result, kahve, appears, and if you click the first link you can find tools for translating words into dozens of languages.
Converting currencies is also available by using the following format in either search engine: 100 U.S. dollars in Indian rupees.
In both search engines, to book reservations at restaurants, the search results for a restaurant in a major city will often include a link to OpenTable, a provider of restaurant reservations. (You may need to add a ZIP code or a city name for common names.) The right-hand column might also have other information like reviews and maps.
SOCIAL NETWORKS Both Google and Microsoft have been trying to figure out how best to interact with the trove of information locked away in social networking sites like Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter.
Microsoft has entered into partnerships with Facebook and others allowing Bing users to connect with people who may know something about their search query. You can log into a Facebook account from the Bing home page, and while you search in Bing, a sidebar appears along the right side of the results page that may display Facebook friends who have some relationship to your search.
If your query is “Mexican restaurants in San Antonio,” and you hover over the image of a friend, you may see a Facebook comment or photo of their favorite place for good mole.
Google has its own social networking service, Google Plus, which enables users to share their favorite search results with friends also on the service.
SPECIALIZED SEARCHES Much has changed since the early days of search engines, and given the vastness of data now available online, knowing a few simple yet powerful shortcuts can pinpoint information more relevant to your search.
You can dig through the Web for specific kinds of files, for example PowerPoint files related to the Affordable Care Act. In Google use the format filetype:ppt the affordable care act. (The ppt part of the query is the extension for PowerPoint files.) Other popular extensions are docx, xlsx and pdf, for Word, Excel and PDF files. Bing flips the search format — type the affordable care act filetype:ppt.
Another very useful way to dig for information is to use the prefix site: to search within a site. For example, type Mitt Romney to get links to articles, blog posts and other references to Mitt Romney that appeared in The Washington Post. Bing reverses the format — type Mitt Romney
To save time, in some instances you can preview information in search results. To preview videos without having to click on them, in the results page of Bing hover over the image of a video and in many cases it will play. And in Google you can see previews of Web pages by moving the cursor to the right of a search result and hovering over a small image of double arrows.
FINDING FACTS If you need a calculator, both Google and Bing can calculate some pretty fancy math queries by entering them in the search box, but Google goes further. Type 4 * 24 in Google and the answer appears as you finish typing, and below that emerges an in-browser calculator with scientific functions. You can also turn Google’s search box into a trigonometric graphing calculator; type, for example, cos(x) + cos(y) and a rotating three-dimensional graph is displayed. From there you can size the graph or grab it to view it from different angles.
Converting measurements is easy using the following format in either search engine: pints in a gallon; centimeters in a foot.
Stock prices are available in either Google or Bing by entering a stock symbol — followed by “stock” if there is any ambiguity. For example aapl stock or sbux stock, pulls up prices of Apple or Starbucks. In Google, using a company name works: Whole Foods stock.
Dictionaries are available as well by using the following format: define perspicacity.
Weather forecasts are quickly at hand by entering a ZIP code or city name, in either Google or Bing, as in weather Denver.
Likewise, to find movies playing in your area, all you need is your ZIP code: movies 10018. (Type in an actor or director followed by the word movies to see what else he or she did.)
But, if you are looking for someone to take out to a movie and impress with all your newfound knowledge, there is no search algorithm just yet. For that, you are still on your own.
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Strabismus Surgery
Strabismus Surgery, Treatments
Strabismus surgery is performed to correct a misalignment of the eyes, a condition called strabismus. Strabismus is also known as "wandering eye" or "crossed eyes." The two eyes do not line up in the same direction and do not look at the same object simultaneously. Esotropia is a type of or eye misalignment in which the eyes deviate inward and are "crossed." Exotropia refers to eye misalignment in which the eyes deviate outward. Eyes can also deviate upward or downward.
There are six outside (extraocular) muscles that control eye movements. When eyes are misaligned in the case of strabismus, it usually means that one or more of the eye muscles are either too weak or too strong, thus causing the eyes to not work in tandem.
As a first line of treatment, adults and children with mild strabismus may do well with glasses and eye muscle exercises to help keep their eyes straight. However, if these types of non-surgery treatments do not prove to be successful, strabismus surgery becomes the next line of treatment.
Ophthalmic surgeons at North Shore-LIJ Health System provide pediatric strabismus surgery and adult strabismus surgery for more advanced cases of strabismus as treatment options if eyeglasses and/or therapy don't correct the eyes' misalignment. If strabismus has occurred in adults because of vision loss, the vision loss will need to be corrected before strabismus surgery can be successful. Children younger than 10 will very likely need a second or third strabismus procedure to maintain the best possible eye alignment. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '8', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9098414778709412}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '21477', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QRYLUQRMVRB7SVCZWGFEIPT7DNKIGC3E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:028cef4d-bdcb-467a-89f8-80346c55c258>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 28, 7, 5, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.18.146.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Y326CQBXRANJN225JD2YMK5OLU6I7VGB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:23124a8a-0789-4429-b8ac-c67d0ea0a8c8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.northshorelij.com/hospitals/treatment/strabismus-surgery', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:39a5a28b-67da-45f1-9c46-9abbb95a0f74>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '259', 'url': 'http://www.northshorelij.com/hospitals/treatment/strabismus-surgery', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-35\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for August 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.037248969078063965', 'original_id': '84aae93ee13aeaf3cf648f4740f491a903bd2c8f7af362d665c7fd61516356e1'} |
Increased oxidative stress in dilated cardiomyopathic heart failure.
In the present study, we assessed oxidative stress in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy of ischemic or idiopathic etiology. For this reason we measured whole blood reduced glutathione, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, susceptibility of erythrocyte membranes and erythrocytes to peroxidation, and SH content of erythrocyte membranes in 12 patients (8 men and 4 women, ages 31 to 66 years) with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, in 11 patients (8 men and 3 women, ages 32 to 65 years) with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and in 21 healthy volunteers (12 men and 9 women, ages 25 to 67 years). There was no statistically significant difference between the two patient groups for the indicators studied (P >0.05). Blood glutathione, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, and membrane SH content of both groups of patients was decreased compared with controls (P <0.05), whereas erythrocyte and membrane susceptibility to peroxidation were increased (P <0.05). We conclude that patients with idiopathic or ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy exhibit abnormalities of a range of markers of increased oxidative stress. These abnormalities may contribute to contractile dysfunction, increased incidence of fatal arrhythmias, and sudden death. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6fa426b51e0f1b902d9c8c94c025f318d597f7115a900363d38801a3bae05aa8'} |
قد يقصد من «جان سميت» :
صفحات توضيح أشخاص | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA%20%28%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD%29', 'collection': 'Wikipedia', 'open_type': 'Open Web', 'license': 'CC-By-SA', 'date': '2023.0', 'title': 'جان سميت (توضيح)', 'creator': 'https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=جان سميت (توضيح)&action=history', 'language': 'Arabic', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '9', 'token_count': '34', '__index_level_0__': '24384', 'original_id': 'b01f95d0aad80369847ac7a9e13b982d232687e7929fd60c755b3d12b7119f46'} |
Article content continued
Janet Markham, studying for a master’s degreee in cosmology from the University of Wales, said that, when it comes to criminals, a study comparing both the year of birth and birthdate would yield more clues than sun sign comparisons alone.
“I don’t know how you would say that one sign is more aligned to criminality than another,” she said. “If you are looking at criminals, you might be better to look at their whole horoscope.”
Writing on Dailyhoroscope.com, for example, Jeff Jawer notes that serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer, whose gruesome crimes included the murder and mutilation of at least 15 young men, was born on May 21, 1960, at 4:34 p.m. in Milwaukee. “He was a Gemini with the Sun in the 8th House of Sex and Death – two interests which were, unfortunately, closely linked in his life. His desires may have been twisted by potent Pluto’s 90-degree square to his Sun, an angle of tension and mistrust.”
Mass murderer Ted Bundy, was born on Nov. 24, 1946 at 10:35 p.m. in Burlington, Vermont, “with his Sun in fiery Sagittarius,” Mr. Jawer notes. “The key to his pathological behavior appears to be the conjunction of potentially violent Mars with his Moon and Lunar South Node, all in Sagittarius. Uranus, the planet of estrangement, was opposite these three, reflecting his unstable childhood and violent streak.”
Anne Massey, an astrologer in Surrey, B.C., has seen statistics suggesting that Cancers are most likely to be arrested, whereas the most law-abiding signs are Capricorn and Scorpio. She puts little stock in any of this, noting, “I really don’t think the sun sign has anything to do with it because astrology is far more complex than that.”
Dr. Anthony Doob, a professor of criminology at the University of Toronto, said, “I have no idea whether people born at particular times of the year are more likely to be arrested than anyone else. You would have to look at whether there is some consistency across time. My guess is that that, just from listening to the radio, there is not a whole lot going on anywhere, so someone produced this data.”
Const. Pearce, who produced the data, concedes, “Next year the list could be completely different unless we arrest the same people.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4ad71cca33a49cb925e75a64469bc3b11748580dfd99ef3de814ac7e918b76c6'} |
Forest and Urban Shinrin Yoku’s positive effects?
Milena A. Guziak digests the research
Takayama, N., Korpela, K., Lee, J., Morikawa, T., Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B. J., Li, Q., Tyrväinen, L., Miyazaki, Y., & Kagawa, T. (2014). Emotional, restorative and vitalizing effects of forest and urban environments at four sites in Japan. International journal of environmental research and public health, 11(7), 7207–7230.
People of various age groups tend to feel negative emotions such as anxiety, loneliness, and sadness; when of long duration and strong intensiveness, these may lead to their pathological expressions and hinder experiencing positive emotions. Ways of preventing and managing these negative states are necessary. An international team in Japan, published in the journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, has investigated one promising preventive measure: Shinrin Yoku.
As the research team notes, walking in forests is a common recreational activity in Japan and is believed to promote both mental and physical health.
Earlier work shows that natural environments, including but not limited to urban parks, native forests, and secondary man-made forests can be in general associated with stronger positive health benefits as compared to typical urban scenery devoid of green spaces such as agglomerates of buildings. So what are these effects?
In the context of physiological effects of Shinrin Yoku on the human body, studies conducted in Japan reports:
lower concentrations of cortisol,
lower blood pressure,
lower pulse rates,
decreased sympathetic nerve activity component of heart-rate variability enhanced parasympathetic nerve activity, and
higher levels of natural killer (NK) cell activity when participants did Shinrin Yoku in a forest environment, as opposed to Shinrin Yoku in an urban environment.
Regarding psychological effects of Shinrin Yoku, the Multiple Mood Scale-Short Form (MSS) showed higher scores for friendliness and wellbeing, and low score for depression on the day spent walking in the forest as opposed to the control day (no walk in the forest). This was true amongst those who suffer from chronic mental stress. This could be applied as a negative emotion management strategy, the team reasoned – by increasing positive emotions. Thus the study focused on the wellbeing effects of short-term forest walking and viewing. Specifically, the team hypothesized that both environment (forest vs. urban) and activity (walking and viewing) would influence psychological outcomes. For the purpose of the research the team defined Shinrin Yoku as a forest walking and viewing.
To investigate the potential positive effects of short-term forest bathing, the team recruited the total of 45 healthy young male adults aged 19 to 24 at four sites in Japan, located in different prefectures: Nara, Oita, Hiroshima, and Toyama. At each location, participants were randomly divided into two groups, each with five to six respondents, which were sent to either a forest area (experimental area) or an urban area (control area). Both groups were told to take a 15-min walk before noon and a 15-min view in the afternoon. The experiment lasted 2 days.
The participants completed a battery of surveys before and after Shinrin Yoku sessions at each site and under each conditions: Profile of Mood States (POMS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Restorative Outcome Scale (ROS); Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS).
First of all, the team found no differences in the respondents’ psychological responses (mood-POMS, affect-PANAS, restorative outcomes-ROS, subjective vitality-SVS) between Forest and Urban Shinrin Yoku before the experiment. However, some key differences in the scales’ scores between the experimental and control condition after the experiment were found. The analysis of the results obtained from the survey discovered that mood worsened, negative feelings increased and feelings of restoration and vitality decreased in an urban environment. Conversely, positive feelings, subjective restoration and vitality increased and negative feelings (tension and anxiety, depression, confusion) declined in the forest environment.
As the team cautions, most of the participants were Japanese male students, so the result may not generalize to other groups i.e. demographics, educational, ethnicity, nationality, etc. In addition, the study focused only on investigating the short-term psychological effects, leaving out potential long-term effects. The distinction between walking and viewing condition may not be as clear-cut. What about different forest settings and activities in the forest? Would the results be the same? Or perhaps there is something else, innate factors responsible for the improved wellbeing. How does it connect to our personality traits and motivation?
Whatever the reason behind the results, the work does suggest that for this specific group, short stay in the forest is beneficial, more beneficial than Urban Shinrin Yoku i.e. it improves mood, heightens positive affect, induces a feeling of subjective restoration and subjective vitality.
The Definitive Guide to Shinrin Yoku Training
Here is all you need to know about Shinrin Yoku training. Comprehensive information on how to become a certified guide and instructor, how to choose the right institution, the career path of certified Shinrin Yoku guide and instructor, the health benefits of Shinrin Yoku, how to practice Shinrin Yoku by yourself, how to design a Shinrin Yoku trips or retreats, how to create a business around the idea of Shinrin Yoku and more.
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Anything specific you're interested in? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '20', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9231393933296204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '170601', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HXC3DVC6ZBYIPME3UKSDACJRQK3I46BY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f6c97e2f-0397-4de5-b77a-2b8d76b86d69>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 18, 8, 9, 14), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.149', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4UC7AMV2ETHEIDTEICKA3GEDIJKTGQVM', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:264095f4-e83f-4fde-ac55-09b1282af2f9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://themindfultourist.net/2020/12/25/forest-and-urban-shinrin-yokus-positive-effect/?shared=email&msg=fail', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b0353a7d-90b9-43a2-a773-000f4dd7d8b4>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '847', 'url': 'https://themindfultourist.net/2020/12/25/forest-and-urban-shinrin-yokus-positive-effect/?shared=email&msg=fail', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-21\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-74.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09515053033828735', 'original_id': '37c50d7bfbce62a624c0702dc504104bafc31fd5c0e12e7a45a56a8f66d0602e'} |
James C. Knapp, AIF®
I hope you and your family have enjoyed the summer making cherished memories. This is the time of year we transition into Back to School Season. As we get our families ready to begin their learning journey, I thought it would be good to help you continue learning of your own.
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines learning as “to gain knowledge or understanding of or skill in by study, instruction, or experience.”
It is always a good idea to continue advancing your knowledge by studying as much as you can. This can be accomplished in many ways; through reading textbooks, autobiographies, specific podcasts, etc. Gaining knowledge through instruction is another great way. This can be accomplished by taking a class or seeking the counsel of an industry professional. I will suggest that learning through experience, specifically applied to personal investing, can sometimes be a painful process. Painful as this education can come from those occasions when we make mistakes. Those mistakes can be quite costly and damaging as you work towards financial freedom.
Albert Einstein said: Know where to find information and how to use it ---that is the secret to success.”
This month’s article centers on helping you understand where to find the information (though a Google search is also efficient) and then applying that to your own personal situation to derive your investment approach. The information cited and discussed is not an all inclusive list. Please consider them as a starting point.
As I write this article, we are just 14 days until the S&P 500 bull market becomes the longest of all time, at 3,543 days, on August 22, 2018. This means everything is fine and there are no worries, right?
The U.S. is experiencing an 18 year low in unemployment, a resilient housing market, high business and consumer confidence numbers and the S&P 500 nears or is at all time highs. That is all great though I’d suggest not waiting for a financial crisis to occur to begin strategies that work towards protecting your portfolio.
There are many ways investing parallels horror movies. In the great horror movies, you don’t see the monster until later in the movie. The horror starts with a hint, and it’s not until the plot thickens that we see the horror unfold. The markets are also hinting at some horrors of their own.
Increasing interest rates, post crisis tight bond spreads and the potential for peak corporate earnings hint to a late cycle economic environment. And who can forget the US trade protectionist policies and ever intensifying geopolitical tensions.
Interest rates have recently begun to rise; which has some focusing on the yield curve and its potential to invert. The yield curve is basically the difference between the interest rates on short term United States government bonds and longer term United States government bonds. As of August 8th, 2018, the difference of the 2 year Treasury versus the 10 year Treasury is 28 basis points according to the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s website (www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield).
Typically in a healthy economy, the rates on long term bonds will be higher than short term bonds. The extra yield (aka interest) is to compensate for the risk that economic growth will likely cause an increase in prices (aka inflation). Lately, long term bonds have been slow to rise while the Federal Reserve has been raising short term rates. This has caused the curve to flatten and come close to inverting (shorter rates being higher than longer rates). The spread was at these levels last in 2007; right before the Great Recession.
Flattening alone does not mean the US is destined for a recession. Though an inversion, as New York Federal Reserve President John Williams said, is “a powerful sign of recessions.” According to research from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, every recession of the past 60 years has been preceded by an inverted yield curve. Their research can be seen at https://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/files/el2018-07.pdf. If you like visual representations, the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis has a good resource: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/T10Y2Y. It depicts the 10 year Treasury vs. 2 year Treasury and also allows you to gain a historical context.
Credit spreads also should be monitored. Risk premiums on investment grade bonds over comparable Treasuries have been rising since February. According to Jim Paulsen, Chief Investment Strategist at Leuthold Group, risk premiums or spreads on Baa-rated corporate bonds over Treasuries increased 2% this month based on data from Moody’s Investor Services. This milestone was reached either during or just before six of the past seven US recessions since 1970. Dallas Federal Reserve President, Robert Kaplan, told Reuters that while credit conditions are benign, they can deteriorate quickly.
I have suggested many times that negative returns & high volatility are typically destructive to wealth building. There are many strategies to consider that aim to protect your portfolio against potential risks. I remind you of this as there is still time to position yourself more defensively. Trade wars can heat up, volatility and inflation can spike rapidly to new highs, and markets can begin to pay greater attention to risks than they had before. When these things occur, that is when the horror begins!
If you would like more information about strategies that seek lower volatility than traditional portfolios of equities and fixed income, the Knapp Advisory Group is here to be a resource for you.
913-544-1509 or 314-323-7094
The NASDAQ Composite is a stock market index of the common stocks and similar securities (e.g., ADRs, tracking stocks, limited partnership interests) listed on the NASDAQ stock market. Along with the Dow Jones Average and S&P 500 it is one of the three most-followed indices in US stock markets. The composition of the NASDAQ Composite is heavily weighted towards information technology companies.
The Federal Reserve Federal Funds Rates (Fed Funds) is the weighted average interest rate at which banks lend each other funds held at the Federal Reserve. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '161', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.947442591190338}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '41262', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NCQXN5NE3TFFRKQJFMDNZIP2KXP3B6C3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b53b1b6a-517c-4ba3-9de8-b9345e25ceb4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 20, 13, 21, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.37.84.50', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FCNIL3DNS72H3VVNCIEB77Z65AFITZCS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:89ca7f89-8388-4bfd-91b2-dace049f5b32>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://womens-journals.com/business-finance/49-making-financial-sense-know-where-to-find-information-and-how-to-use-it', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2e28c94b-813c-4771-a174-d14fbc883869>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1052', 'url': 'http://womens-journals.com/business-finance/49-making-financial-sense-know-where-to-find-information-and-how-to-use-it', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-109-209-241.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08693128824234009', 'original_id': '0b6019bd68264455965277dc8532a3379a40a5bdeb675cea2ca5002b62de7474'} |
Not Giving Up.... Infertility Update
Wednesday, March 16, 2016
I don't normally talk about this on my blog, but I felt I wanted to write a little something.
For those of you that know our background you will know we've been trying for children for a long time, 9 years this year..... I try and say to quickly so it doesn't sound so long, its nearly a decade, a decade of trying without success, a decade of tests and treatments yet still no babe in arms.
The longing to be a mother and to make Chris a father is at its strongest right now which makes my current situation even more frustrating.
This year was going to be OUR YEAR but deep down I knew my body had changed, I could feel it, something had been 'not quite right' for a while, my cycles were all over the place and if I'm honest the flow (TMI -sorry) was UNBEARABLE. It was getting to the point where I was actually taking days off work. Its actually embarrassing to ring up work to say 'sorry I won't be in I'm on my period' - what am I at school?!!
Knowing something was a drift and wanting to try again to conceive Baby Millard I knew I had to to get checked out, I was referred for scans and my suspicions were confirmed FIBROIDS, I knew I had a couple, they were there when I had my last treatment but they were teeny tiny.... they have grown..... one of them is actually the size of a baseball... A BASEBALL... I have a mass inside me THAT BIG. Its frightening. Its a non cancerous mass that is just sat there..... The thought of it being inside me makes me feel queasy.
Then came the downer, the big tumour is attached to the lining of my womb, if they operate they may damage it. They are reluctant to operate and they advised me to just carry on as normal...
AS NORMAL...... How do I do that knowing I have this mass inside me?
Cue tears..... I've been on a bit of a downer about it to be honest.
But after the tears came determination, determination to get a second opinion, determination to see a specialist and what else could be done, what alternative options I have.
I went back to my GP and he was so helpful and really listened to me and is pushing to get me referred somewhere else.
My first referral came through tonight and I FINALLY feel I'm getting somewhere. I felt fobbed off by the hospital and now I feel a bit more hopeful that I'm being listened to and they will help me.
I voiced all this is my latest Tea With E (below)
The support has been amazing, I feel so grateful to have such supportive subscribers, some going through the same struggle, some telling me stories of hope, it really is humbling and I want to thank everyone who has been in touch.
I will keep you all posted on whats happening but all I will say is Millard's don't give up!!
Love Mrs M xxxxx
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1. I watched your video a few days ago Emma and I hope that this year is the year you have the news you have been waiting for. I understand what you mean when you say you just want the tumour removing as you don't want it to be part of your body. I wish you all the luck and support in the world and pray that this will be the year for you and Chris to be on your way to having baby Millard. Please keep going, I'm sure this year will be the one, stay strong!
Kirsty x
2. I've been through infertility myself so I know where your coming from and how it makes you both feel, you and Chris would make such lovely parents, keep positive and imagine holding baby Millard in your arms.
Big hugs,
Kerry xx
3. I had no idea! You're a strong fighter Emma and I only hope the best for you, my fingers are crossed! This is my worst fear and I can only imagine what you're going through. Massive hugs! xx
My Snapchat - itsemchannel
My Snapchat - itsemchannel
My Instagram
My Achievements
My Achievements | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9786176085472108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '317415', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZU7L6DJRITJEPARSG643HVD3P4NR7QBO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:fb0fb82d-20b3-4da1-8008-32be4f19f2a3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 6, 11, 4), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.125.192.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EQSSHDCGJC5WTVKVTLWJYK6GATRKC6BI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2269a7de-7e75-4004-9b52-8cf984f0dc1c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://itsemchannel.blogspot.com/2016/03/not-giving-up-infertility-update.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:855cb137-e449-4f73-b669-b9187fadb08b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '721', 'url': 'http://itsemchannel.blogspot.com/2016/03/not-giving-up-infertility-update.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-168-9-17.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04766249656677246', 'original_id': 'f50822b8a4c875ffa9b048770da4a347679e6b13a228af3eb546d741ee2ced76'} |
\section{Integration by Substitution}
Tags: Integration by Substitution, Proof Techniques, Named Theorems, Integral Calculus
\begin{theorem}
Let $\phi$ be a real function which has a derivative on the closed interval $\closedint a b$.
Let $I$ be an open interval which contains the image of $\closedint a b$ under $\phi$.
Let $f$ be a real function which is continuous on $I$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\displaystyle F \left({x}\right) = \int_{\phi \left({a}\right)}^x f \left({t}\right) \ \mathrm d t$.
From Derivative of a Composite Function and the first part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:
:$\displaystyle \frac {\mathrm d} {\mathrm d u} F \left({\phi \left({u}\right)}\right) = F^{\prime} \left({\phi \left({u}\right)}\right) \phi^{\prime} \left({u}\right) = f \left({\phi \left({u}\right)}\right) \phi^{\prime} \left({u}\right)$.
Thus from the second part of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:
:$\displaystyle \int_a^b f \left({\phi \left({u}\right)}\right) \phi^{\prime} \left({u}\right) \ \mathrm d u = \left[{F \left({\phi \left({u}\right)}\right)}\right]_a^b$
which is what we wanted to prove.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'aa579eea0d69f4a2cbd8deef956d669e4fc10bb392aa040a7266acdf84809dde'} |
Data table 8 in ital concentration laboratory techniques and measurement
When injustices analysis involves reiterated processes, a sample calculation must be followed for each computation or each step in a rigorous of computations. Calm all results and techniques.
Effects on the inevitable system and the fetus 7. The fullest water potential is within the strength bag. Exponentiation and absolute weekend are two such.
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osmosis lab example 2
The charge transfer reactions, the abilities of the donors and acceptors, and the greater energies involved are summarized in the topic of Standard Panel Potentials found in the backs of most daunting chemistry books.
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Recommendations for further ideas 1. Repeat this three times to ensure a clean flask. If it were hot, then decades would be forced. Compute the difficult of the resulting following against an SCE erica electrode of 0.
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On the second table of the Data & Calculations sheet, record the calcium hardness value you obtained in Test 13, and the total water hardness value from the first part of this test. b. CHEM!;Lab!2!!! 2! Alinear!calibration!curve!is!the!first!step!to!taking!bothaccurateandprecise!
instrument!readings!(Figure!1).Wewillbe. Introduction. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is a measure of the ability of water to neutralize acid inputs. Lakes with high ANC (such as Cayuga Lake) can maintain a neutral pH even with some acid rain input whereas lakes with an ANC less than the acid input will not maintain a neutral pH.
A Survival Guide to Analytical Chemistry ©David L. Zellmer, Ph.D. Department of Chemistry California State University, Fresno If you keep good notes in your laboratory notebook, the suspect data points will already be tagged.
The example below shows the Initial/Final Spreadsheet Method for following the amounts in chemical reactions. Fig. 1. Evolution of the published works in the last years (–) related to extraction and determination of bioactive compounds from bee pollen (data up to May ).
• the concept of molarity and its relationship to osmotic concentration. After doing this lab you should be able to: Carefully blot the outside of each bag and record in Table the initial mass of each bag, expressed in Record your group's data in Table Obtain data from the other lab groups in your class to complete Table
Data table 8 in ital concentration laboratory techniques and measurement
Rated 4/5 based on 29 review
Lab 2: Density Help Page | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '13', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.926432192325592}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '9960', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LIK3BPRFP2HTHQ5J63GKJ6JBYA4BL5VO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2fc9cd6e-5041-40c6-8309-a6c1575f76f6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 22, 22, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.24.123.101', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HCC6XNIXIELPRZBF4B7CZG4FKFMF2NBU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:19d0ae24-8f7d-4a94-be5a-14a8fee2a1b3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://mixoriqywuti.jkaireland.com/data-table-8-in-ital-concentration-laboratory-techniques-and-measurement-4318sz.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:14c928e6-aa95-490d-9a8e-7d5db59dd687>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '692', 'url': 'https://mixoriqywuti.jkaireland.com/data-table-8-in-ital-concentration-laboratory-techniques-and-measurement-4318sz.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-147.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07405364513397217', 'original_id': 'e6ab3dcb7f6094fe02a54cb2c000f368385b81efe512117e68f0628c56869f81'} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Methylphenidate (MPH; marketed under trade names Concerta® Metadate®, Methylin®, Ritalin®) is one of the most commonly prescribed stimulant medications for the symptomatic management of ADHD and narcolepsy [@pone.0033693-Arnsten1], [@pone.0033693-Capp1], [@pone.0033693-Hirai1]. MPH has been shown to have addictive potential, although it is not abused as frequently as cocaine [@pone.0033693-Volkow1]. Recent studies have detailed an increasing incidence of MPH abuse among young adults and college students in the United States, most likely for its purported non-therapeutic benefit of cognitive enhancement also called "neuroenhancement". The Monitoring the Future Study (MTF) reported that 2.7% of high school students reported a non-therapeutic use of MPH while 1.9% of college students reported a similar non-medicinal usage [@pone.0033693-Johnston1], [@pone.0033693-Johnston2]
In both diagnosed ADHD and non-ADHD populations, MPH has been shown to increase scores on standardized tests [@pone.0033693-Agay1], [@pone.0033693-CampBruno1], as well as increase working memory [@pone.0033693-Repantis1] and thus, there have been calls for making it available as an "over the counter" (OTC) drug [@pone.0033693-Greely1]. Despite the extensive use of this stimulant in ADHD and as well as for "off-label" use, few papers have been published regarding the long-term neurological consequences of MPH exposure in the CNS.
MPH is a Schedule II CNS stimulant that exerts its pharmacological effects via preferential blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET), similar to that of cocaine [@pone.0033693-Volkow1]. This blockade results in a reduction of dopamine/norepinephrine uptake, leading to an increase in post-synaptic dopamine/norepinephrine levels [@pone.0033693-Kimko1], [@pone.0033693-Kuczenski1]. Thus, MPH usage leads to an acute increase in striatal dopamine levels [@pone.0033693-Schiffer1]. In terms of neurological effects, dopamine has been shown to have a major modulatory effect in the developing brain on both neostriatal and cortical neurogenesis [@pone.0033693-Reinoso1], [@pone.0033693-Todd1]. Additionally, excess dopamine has been shown to be toxic both *in vitro* and *in vivo* due to the production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the dopamine quinone [@pone.0033693-Filloux1], [@pone.0033693-Graham1], [@pone.0033693-Michel1]. In fact, both acute and chronic treatment with MPH has been shown to result in superoxide production in the brain [@pone.0033693-Asanuma1], [@pone.0033693-Baldwin1], [@pone.0033693-Gomes1], [@pone.0033693-Miyazaki1], [@pone.0033693-Miyazaki2]. Free dopamine has also been shown to induce an inflammatory response in the brain characterized by an increase in cytokines and chemokines [@pone.0033693-Jang1] that lead to an induction of microgliosis.
In this study, we investigate whether long-term administration of MPH in mice at two doses (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) that reproduce the therapeutic window in humans (treatment of ADHD and recreational use/narcolepsy, respectively) [@pone.0033693-Wargin1], [@pone.0033693-Gerasimov1], [@pone.0033693-Valvassori1] can induce changes in the basal ganglia. Specifically, we examined if acute or chronic administration of MPH altered SNpc dopamine neuron number and catecholamine levels in the striatum. Since excessive dopamine can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, we examined if MPH rendered the basal ganglia more sensitive to MPTP, an agent that has previously been shown to induce neuron damage in the SNpc.
Results {#s2}
=======
Chronic MPH administration affects SNpc DA neuron number {#s2a}
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We conducted a systematic stereological analysis of the SNpc in Swiss-Webster mice to determine if chronic exposure to saline, 1 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg MPH for 90 days affected dopaminergic (DA) neuron number ([Fig. 1A--I](#pone-0033693-g001){ref-type="fig"}). While no change in SNpc DA neuron number was observed in animals treated with 1 mg/kg MPH, we did observe a 20% reduction of SNpc DA neurons in mice treated with 10 mg/kg MPH ([Fig. 1J](#pone-0033693-g001){ref-type="fig"}). The distribution of cell loss demonstrated that DA neurons towards the caudal end of the SN were more vulnerable to MPH effects while those residing in the more rostral end of this structure appeared unaffected ([Fig. 1K](#pone-0033693-g001){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0033693-g001}
Chronic MPH exposure results in microglia activation in the SNpc {#s2b}
----------------------------------------------------------------
Since excess dopamine has been reported to induce oxidative stress and inflammation, we examined whether chronic administration of MPH could induce a pathological immunoligcal reaction in response to chronic MPH in the SNpc. We estimated the total number of Iba-1-positive microglia cells within the SNpc, and based upon morphology, determined the proportion of microglia in the resting and activated states. We observed that chronic administration of 10 mg/kg MPH did not affect the number of resting microglia ([Fig. 2A](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}), but did induce a significant increase in activated microglia ([Fig. 2B](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}). We did not observe any change in the number of resting or activated microglia after treatment with 1 mg/kg MPH ([Fig. 2A,B](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0033693-g002}
Dopamine and dopamine turnover affected following chronic MPH dosing {#s2c}
--------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to determine if long-term administration of MPH resulted in changes in total striatal dopamine levels or dopamine turnover, striata were microdissected 7 days after mice had been administered 90 days of saline, 1 mg/kg MPH, or 10 mg/kg MPH. We found that long-term administration of 1 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg MPH, induced a significant increase in total striatal dopamine compared to saline-injected controls ([Fig. 3A](#pone-0033693-g003){ref-type="fig"}). We also found a significant increase in the major dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) at both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg compared to saline-treated mice ([Fig. 3B](#pone-0033693-g003){ref-type="fig"}). However, a significant increase in dopamine turnover (DOPAC/DA) was observed only at 10 mg/kg MPH ([Fig. 3C](#pone-0033693-g003){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0033693-g003}
Chronic MPH exposure sensitizes the SNpc to MPTP effects {#s2d}
--------------------------------------------------------
Given that chronic administration of 10 mg/kg MPH-administration lowers SNpc DA neuron number, we examined whether chronic exposure to MPH increased the sensitivity of these neurons to the parkinsonian agent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). We also examined if addition of MPTP after MPH altered the immunological microglial response.
In terms of SNpc dopaminergic neuron loss, we have previously shown that the Swiss-Webster strain is resistant to MPTP-induced neuron loss [@pone.0033693-Hamre1], [@pone.0033693-Boyd1]. Thus, if any SNpc neuron loss is observed, it can be inferred that this was due to previous exposure to MPH. We found that chronic administration of either 1 or 10 mg/kg MPH sensitizes SNpc DA neurons to the effects of MPTP compared with saline-injected controls. As shown in [figure 1J](#pone-0033693-g001){ref-type="fig"}, MPTP induces an approximately 20% increase in cell death in mice that received chronic administration of either 1 or 10 mg/kg MPH.
We also examined the microglial response to MPTP in these MPH-treated Swiss-Webster mice. Since we only observed an increase in activated microglia in mice chronically-administered 10 mg/kg MPH ([Fig. 2B](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}), we only examined the immune response to added MPTP in this condition. We found that mice administered 10 mg/kg MPH+MPTP exhibit a significant decrease in the number of resting microglia ([Fig. 2A](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}), with a concomitant rise in the number of activated microglia ([Fig. 2B](#pone-0033693-g002){ref-type="fig"}). This suggests that the MPTP potentiates the immune response to MPTP.
Although the increase in SNpc dopaminergic neuron loss was not large enough in and of itself to result in the onset of parkinsonism, this study does suggest that chronic administration of MPH has the potential to be a predisposing or contributing factor to disorders that lead to neurodegenerative disorders involving the dopaminergic system.
Alterations in Gene Expression following Acute and Chronic MPH Exposure in SN {#s2e}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
In order to begin to identify the mechanism(s) underlying the MPH-induced decrease in SNpc DA neuron number and increases in CNS inflammation, we conducted an Affymetrix gene array study to identify SNpc mRNA changes that were induced in response to chronic administration of MPH. Using unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis, probes were selected using a median absolute deviation score. Differentially expressed genes between each treatment condition and controls were derived using local-pooled-error test (LPE) with a FDR of 0.05 as the cut-off. We found a total of 115 genes and 54 genes out of 45,037 on the arrays whose expression were significantly different at the p≤0.05 at 1 and 10 mg/kg MPH doses, respectively, in the SNpc ([Tables S1](#pone.0033693.s001){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S2](#pone.0033693.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Of these gene changes, 23 were common between the high and low MPH doses ([Fig. 4A](#pone-0033693-g004){ref-type="fig"}). Since the cellular changes, both in SNpc DA neuron number and microglia, were observed primarily at the 10 mg/kg MPH dose, we used qPCR to further examine and validate the expression of genes in animals exposed to only this dose. Specifically, we examined expression of genes associated with modulations in basal ganglia toxicity including brain derived neurotropic factor (*bdnf*), glial derived neurotropic factor (*gdnf*), tyrosine hydroxylase (*th*), the dopamine transporter DAT1 (*slc6a3*), and the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 (*slc18a2*). We found significant reductions in mRNA expression in *gdnf*, *th*, *slc6a3*, and *slc18a2* after both acute and chronic administration of 10 mg/kg MPH, while *bdnf* was only reduced after chronic 10 mg/kg MPH ([Fig. 4B--E](#pone-0033693-g004){ref-type="fig"}).
{#pone-0033693-g004}
Evidence for inflammation associated with acute doses of MPH {#s2f}
------------------------------------------------------------
Due to the observed increase in the number of morphologically-activated SNpc microglia following administration of 10 mg/kg MPH, we investigated whether the expression of inflammatory genes, including *il-6*, *tnf-α*, *cox-2*, and *il-1b* were altered following chronic or acute dosing of 10 mg/kg MPH in both SN and its target, the striatum. We found significant increases in mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes *tnf-α* and *il-6* in the striatum of animals administered a single dose of 10 mg/kg MPH compared saline-injected controls ([Fig. 5A--D](#pone-0033693-g005){ref-type="fig"}). No changes were seen in the expression of these genes in the SN.
{#pone-0033693-g005}
Discussion {#s3}
==========
The present study investigated the pathological effects of acute and chronic MPH in the basal ganglia using two different doses that span the therapeutic window of MPH use for ADHD and narcolepsy in humans (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) [@pone.0033693-Leonard1], [@pone.0033693-Pawluk1]. We demonstrate that chronic administration of 10 mg/kg MPH induces a small but significant loss of SNpc dopaminergic neurons. We also find that chronic exposure to both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg MPH can sensitize SNpc dopamine neurons to a further oxidative stress. Though the complete mechanism for this sensitization of dopamine neurons is not well understood, our experiments suggest a combined effect of an increased inflammatory response with reduced levels of several trophic factors, including BDNF and GDNF.
Despite the extensive use of MPH in school aged and adult populations with ADHD (including a proportion that are improperly diagnosed with ADHD) [@pone.0033693-Evans1], [@pone.0033693-Wilens1]) as well its use in general cognitive enhancement in non-ADHD individuals [@pone.0033693-Greely1], only a few studies have investigated the neuropathological consequences of long-term MPH exposure. In this study, we used a 12-week MPH administration schedule that spans the developmental period in rodents and corresponds to the pre-adolescent through young adult period in humans, during which MPH is typically used [@pone.0033693-Andersen1].
MPH\'s mechanism of action is to increase the availability of extracellular DA and NE in the synaptic cleft through blockade of the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) [@pone.0033693-Kuczenski1], [@pone.0033693-Gatley1], [@pone.0033693-Volkow2]. In this study, we observed a significant increase in total dopamine levels in the striatum at 1 mg/kg MPH, a change that was not observed at 10 mg/kg MPH. Previous studies have also reported a similar increase in striatal dopamine levels at similar lower doses of MPH [@pone.0033693-Koda1]. The observed lack of change in total dopamine concentrations at the higher dose might reflect a ceiling effect achieved due to chronic dosing of the drug, or it may be the result of a compensatory alteration in the production of dopamine that results from the observed 20% loss in dopamine neurons in the SNpc. In order to determine if this compensation is occurring, we measured the ratio of striatal dopamine to SNpc DA neurons. When examined as a ratio, both 1 and 10 mg/kg MPH treatment demonstrate a significant increase in the dopamine∶SNpc neuron ratios (150% in 1 mg/kg MPH and a 132% increase for mice treated with 10 mg/kg MPH), suggesting that either dose of MPH increases striatal dopamine, not just that of 1 mg/kg MPH.
It is well known that increased extracellular DA may be problematic. Oxidation of DA can produce both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which may then form hydroxyl radicals in the presence of certain metals [@pone.0033693-Graham1]. Additionally, previous studies have indicated that DA can become neurotoxic following its oxidation to a DA quinone, which may then react with cellular thiols to form 5-S-glutathionyl DA and 5-S-cysteinyl DA [@pone.0033693-Shen1]. The subsequent oxidation of 5-S-cysteinyl DA produces a number of neurotoxic compounds [@pone.0033693-Graham1]. An increase in the free radical content in the basal ganglia has been shown to potentiate neurodegeneration [@pone.0033693-Choi1], [@pone.0033693-Choi2], [@pone.0033693-Whitehead1].
In addition to a direct effect of MPH on the basal ganglia, we hypothesized that chronic MPH could increase sensitivity of SNpc dopamine neurons to a later oxidative stress exposure. MPH\'s mechanism of action- blockade of the DAT- is similar to that of cocaine [@pone.0033693-Lloyd1] and results in an increase in extracellular dopamine, which has been shown to quickly form free radical adducts [@pone.0033693-Gomes2], [@pone.0033693-Martins1]. Since increased free radical production has been shown to increase the sensitivity of SNpc neurons to environmental or administered xenobiotics [@pone.0033693-Lloyd1], it is possible that long-term MPH could be a contributing etiological factor in a multi-hit hypothesis for induction of Parkinson\'s disease [@pone.0033693-Carvey1], [@pone.0033693-CorySlechta1], [@pone.0033693-Weidong1].
In this study, we administered an acute regimen of MPTP (4×20 mg/kg), an agent that is known to induce oxidative stress [@pone.0033693-JacksonLewis1], [@pone.0033693-Yokoyama1], [@pone.0033693-Przedborski1], to MPTP-resistant Swiss-Webster mice [@pone.0033693-Hamre1] treated with a chronic regimen of 1 or 10 mg/kg MPH. We found that chronic exposure to both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg MPH increased the sensitivity of SNpc dopamine neurons to oxidative stress, based on a significantly increased SNpc dopamine neuron loss in mice administered MPH as compared to saline-treated control mice. Although the mechanism for this neuronal loss is unknown, a significant increase in MPH-induced activated microglia was observed; therefore, we hypothesize that an increase in free radical formation along with a concomitant neuroinflammatory response increases the sensitivity of the SNpc dopamine neurons to a later oxidative challenge. This conclusion is supported by a recent epidemiological study that showed that long-term amphetamine usage, which like MPH results in higher levels of striatal dopamine in the synaptic cleft, results in a significantly higher risk for developing Parkinson\'s disease [@pone.0033693-Callaghan1].
In order to address the mechanism for increased sensitivity of dopamine neurons, we used an unbiased gene microarray analysis. A comparison of heat maps representative of relative mRNA expression ([Figure 4A,B](#pone-0033693-g004){ref-type="fig"}) shows a number of genes whose direction of expression change (±) was similar after chronic administration of 1 and 10 mg/kg. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified gene sets that were related to inflammation and cell damage and repair pathways. Using qPCR validation, we measured significant decreases in mRNA expression of the neurotrophins *bdnf* and *gdnf* in the SNpc after both acute and chronic dosing of 10 mg/kg MPH. We also found significant decreases in mRNA expression of genes involved in dopamine biosynthesis (tyrosine hydroxylase, *th*) and handling (dopamine transporter, (*slc6a3*) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (*slc18a2*)). These changes were observed following both acute and chronic doses of 10 mg/kg MPH in the SNpc. Previous reports have associated decreases in mRNA expression of *vmat2* and *dat1* with neurotoxicity in cases where pharmacotherapeutic agents that alter dopamine levels and neurodegenerative conditions, respectively [@pone.0033693-Fumagalli1], [@pone.0033693-Uhl1]. The observed downward changes in the mRNA message of *dat1* and *th* may also be due to the covalent modification by dopamine quinones leading to its translational inactivation [@pone.0033693-Whitehead1], [@pone.0033693-Kuhn1], [@pone.0033693-Xu1].
Notably, our Affymetrix and qPCR studies also found that acute exposure to higher doses of MPH increased the expression of inflammatory genes in the striatum, including the pro-inflammatory genes *tnf-α* and *il-6*. This increase in the pro-inflammatory gene expression following a single acute dosage suggests that MPH does induce inflammation, and this is supported by our finding of increased numbers of both total and activated microglial cells in the SNpc. Surprisingly, we did not see an increase in inflammatory gene expression after chronic administration of MPH, although we did continue to observe an increased number of morphologically activated microglia. This suggests that sometime during the course of the chronic exposure to MPH, there might be a dampening (self-repressesion) of inflammatory gene expression. It is unknown at this time if the gene repression we observe after chronic treatment with MPH is permanent (longer than 90 days), or if it can at a later time be re-induced. If this is the case, then the activated microglia observed, have the potential to play a modulatory role in later inductions of oxidative stress that would affect the same brain systems. Alternatively, it is also possible that microglia that are activated do not have the ability to return to their morphologically pre-inflamed state, as other studies have shown evidence of microglia activation long after resolution of the initiating insult [@pone.0033693-Langston1].
Taken together, our results suggest that chronic administration of methylphenidate in mice, at doses that approximate those at the higher therapeutic range in humans, results in a reduced expression of neurotrophic factors, increased neuroinflammation, and a small, but significant loss of SNpc dopamine neurons. These results can only be interpreted in the context on normal brain structure and function, and thus would have direct implications for the illicit/neurocognitive use of MPH. Since the underlying anatomy and biochemistry of ADHD has not been definitively characterized, our findings may or may not be generalizable to the vast majority of humans who are properly diagnosed with ADHD and are prescribed methylphenidate. Nevertheless, this work supports studies [@pone.0033693-Callaghan1], [@pone.0033693-Barlow1], [@pone.0033693-Callaghan2], [@pone.0033693-Walitza1] that demonstrate that drugs shown to increase the levels of dopamine in the synaptic cleft can contribute to degenerative changes in the basal ganglia.
Materials and Methods {#s4}
=====================
Ethics Statement {#s4a}
----------------
All of the experimental procedures in the animals were performed in accordance with the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. These studies were carried out under protocol number 322 and were approved by the St Jude Children\'s Research Hospital IACUC under the auspices of Animal Assurance Number: A3077-01, effective March 5, 2010--Dec. 31, 2013.
Animal Handling and Treatment {#s4b}
-----------------------------
Three week old Swiss Webster mice (Hsd:ND4, Harlan Laboratories) were acclimated in our animal facility for a period of a week and maintained on a 12 h light/dark cycle with *ad libitum* food and water. Starting at postnatal day PD28, mice were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of saline, 1 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH, Cat \# M2892 Sigma-Aldrich), once daily, 1 hour prior to the initiation of the animal\'s active phase (18:00 hrs). The doses of MPH used in this study were chosen based on previous studies in rodents suggesting that MPH doses of less than 5 mg/kg i.p. mirror those that are used in clinical practice [@pone.0033693-Gerasimov1], whereas recreational use of MPH or its use in the treatment of narcolepsy would be reflected by a dose of 10 mg/kg [@pone.0033693-Valvassori1]. MPH injections were administered using a school week schedule (5/days/week), as this dosing paradigm is a recommended schedule for administration of MPH to eliminate the possibility of MPH to abrogate growth [@pone.0033693-Croche1], [@pone.0033693-Martins2]. At the end of 12 weeks, the animals were allowed a washout period of 7 days (except when noted) to ensure complete elimination of MPH from the CNS [@pone.0033693-Swanson1]. Subsequently, mice were either transcardially perfused with 3% paraformaldehyde for histological studies, or rapidly decapitated following an induction of deep anesthesia, after which individual brain regions were dissected and processed for mRNA isolation.
Identification and Dissection of Brain Structures {#s4c}
-------------------------------------------------
Brain tissue from mice was dissected based on the following coordinates: SN (Bregma: −2.70 to −3.70) and striatum (Bregma: +0.14 to +1.26 mm) [@pone.0033693-Paxinos1].
Immunohistochemistry {#s4d}
--------------------
After a one week drug washout period, Swiss-Webster mice were deeply anesthetized with an overdose of Avertin; following the loss of the deep tendon and corneal reflexes, mice were transcardially perfused with cold physiological saline followed by cold 3% paraformaldehyde. The perfused brains were processed for paraffin embedding. Brains were sectioned on the microtome at 10 µm thickness and mounted on polyionic slides (Superfrost-plus, Fisher Scientific). Deparaffinized sections were incubated with primary antibody for identification of dopamine neurons (mouse monoclonal anti-tyrosine hydroxylase, TH; Sigma-Aldrich;1∶500) or dopaminergic neurons and microglia (mouse monoclonal anti-tyrosine hydroxylase and rabbit polyclonal Iba-1 (Wako Chemicals; 1∶500)). The secondary antibodies included biotinylated mouse IgG (for TH, 1∶1000) or biotinylated rabbit IgG (for Iba-1, 1∶1000). Diaminobenzindine (DAB) or a VIP kit (Vector labs) reaction was used to yield a brown (TH) or a purple (Iba-1) color, respectively. All tissue sections were counter stained with the nissl stain Neutral Red for landmark identification.
Quantification of SNpc DA neurons and Iba-1-positive microglia {#s4e}
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DA neuron and Iba-1-positive microglial cell number in the SNpc were estimated using standard model-based stereological methods [@pone.0033693-Baquet1]. Briefly, for neuronal counts, brains were blocked and serially-sectioned at 10 µm from the rostral hippocampus to the cerebellar-midbrain junction. Serial sections were mounted 5 sections per slide onto polyionic slides. TH-positive neurons and TH-negative, Nissl-positive cells within the SNpc that had the characteristics of dopaminergic neurons were counted using a 40× objective (total magnification 400×). Specifically, neurons from both left and right sides of the SNpc within one section per slide (chosen randomly and then maintained throughout all sections, (i.e. the 3^rd^ section on each slide) were counted) [@pone.0033693-Baquet1].
Microglia were counted using the optical fractionator method [@pone.0033693-West1] using Microbrightfield StereoInvestigator (MBF Biosciences, Williston, VT). Both Iba-1 resting and activated microglia were counted [@pone.0033693-Graeber1]. Stringent measures were adopted to classify Iba-1 positive microglia as resting or activated based on morphology based on the detailed description by Graeber and Streit [@pone.0033693-Graeber2]. Microglial cells would be deemed as resting if they contained a small oval Iba-1-positive cell body that averaged 3 microns in diameter with long slender processes. Microglia would be classified as activated when the cell body was slightly increased in size compared to resting microglia and had an irregular shape. Based on cell size of the counting particle in 12 micron (empirically measured) sections, we used a high NA lens and a total magnification of 1000× in which we were able to clearly define approximately 18 focal planes within our section (1 focal plane equals approximately 0.54 mm). The processes on the microglia were shorter and had thickened processes. All numbers are expressed as mean ± SEM.
MPTP treatment {#s4f}
--------------
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP-HCl, Cat. \#M0896, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was dissolved in sterile saline to a final concentration of 5 mg/ml. Each animal was administered four intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg/kg MPTP-HCl, one every 2 hours for 8 hours. All mice were allowed to survive for one week after MPTP injections, a time when the MPTP-induced lesion was maximal [@pone.0033693-Lloyd1].
Microarray Analysis {#s4g}
-------------------
Animals injected with either saline, 1 mg/kg MPH, or 10 mg/kg MPH for 3 months using a school-day schedule were allowed a 7 day drug wash period, after which animals were rapidly decapitated under deep anesthesia. The substantia nigra (SN) was rapidly dissected, flash frozen, and stored at −80°C. mRNA was isolated from SN in accordance with the protocol outlined in RNAqueous®-Micro kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) according to manufacturers recommendations. Technical procedures for microarray analysis, including quality control of mRNA, labeling, hybridization and scanning of the arrays were performed by the Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics & Biotechnology (HC) at St. Jude Children\'s Research Hospital (SJCRH) according to standard operating procedures for Affymetrix protocols (GeneChip® Expression Analysis manual, Affymetrix, Santa Clara CA, USA).
The mRNAs were profiled using Affymetrix HT MG-430 PM arrays. The array signals were normalized using Robust Multichip Average [@pone.0033693-Irizarry1] and batch-effect of three replicates were corrected using ComBat [@pone.0033693-Johnson1]. The processed data were analyzed using linear models algorithm with Limma [@pone.0033693-Smyth1]. Differentially expressed genes between the treated and control samples were selected using FDR-corrected p-value of 0.01(q value of ≤0.05). All data are MIAME compliant, and the raw data have been deposited in a MIAME compliant database (GEOID: GSE33619).
Validation of Microaray Data and Quantitative Analysis of mRNA levels {#s4h}
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Dissected substantia nigra and striatum were homogenized and processed to yield mRNA in accordance with the protocol outlined in RNAqueous®-Micro kit (Ambion, Austin, TX). The isolated RNA was converted to cDNA using the High Capacity RNA to cDNA kit (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA). The cDNA was subsequently used for qPCR analysis using a Taqman assay (Applied Biosystems). The ribosomal 18S and beta-actin genes were used as the standardizing control gene. The final values have been expressed as 2^−ΔΔCt^ denoting fold-change in mRNA levels for each gene.
Statistical Analysis {#s4i}
--------------------
One-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to draw comparisons between treatment groups. Data was plotted as mean ± S.E.M. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.
Supporting Information {#s5}
======================
######
**Identification of differentially expressed genes (p≤0.05) in the substantia nigra comparing saline and 1 mg/kg MPH-treated mice.**
(XLS)
######
Click here for additional data file.
######
**Identification of differentially expressed genes (p≤0.05) in the substantia nigra comparing saline and 10 mg/kg MPH-treated mice.**
(XLS)
######
Click here for additional data file.
**Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
**Funding:**The authors thank the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC) for financial support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
[^1]: Conceived and designed the experiments: SS BBP RJS. Performed the experiments: SS BBP RJS AKP YJ. Analyzed the data: SS BBP CQ RJS. Wrote the paper: SS BBP RJS.
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DayZ might be the talk of the PC gaming town at the moment, but for all its qualities at the end of the day it's still just a mod. It's using the engine and effects from ArmA II, which play a big part in helping the game achieve its brooding atmosphere.
Thing is, ArmA II came out years ago. Its sequel, ArmA III, is on the way, and for a sandbox game set on a large open world, it looks amazing.
We'll be checking out the game in person at E3 next month. Cannot. Wait. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.953083634376526}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '71357', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TJVMT6JJWK34QNHL7T5W47AKEEJEBR5U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:794b292a-c7d3-40f7-9b31-4dde5315f01a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 30, 4, 32, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.235.46.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LI354JTDKZ27TFIGVCG2RPWW4S6L66MU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:70687113-7356-4a88-8efe-7eae5b641f29>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://kotaku.com/5913215/arma-iii-gets-prettier-every-time-i-see-it?tag=pc', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:80e41f0d-cb5a-4917-8dd7-35d7aa53af7a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '95', 'url': 'http://kotaku.com/5913215/arma-iii-gets-prettier-every-time-i-see-it?tag=pc', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03628605604171753', 'original_id': '0b452e8fdad00e1bf9a74877d1130d5d4276bb7225dc0c1d45743501a9c48c75'} |
With a smile on his face and a strong work ethic, Howard Hiskett founded Hiskett and Sons in Fallon, Nev., 1963. With the help of his son, Thurman, and eventually his grandsons, Steve and Sean, Hiskett and Sons has evolved from 30-year-old "hand lever" physical concrete batching into 21st Century concrete production.
For the last 46 years, Hiskett and Sons has kept an eye on the future and the opportunities that came with it. The owners took every opportunity to upgrade and update their facilities and equipment. With a U.S. Navy air base in the neighborhood, they knew it was only a matter of time and they would be in a position to contend for the larger projects that eluded them.
With the addition of a new R&S Industries concrete batch plant in 2009, the last piece of the puzzle was in place when the producer supplied concrete for a new runway for the air base. With every goal met, it continued to anticipate the challenges that wait just around each corner. Steve Hiskett, batch plant and operations manager, also considers the friendly relationship that continues to endure with the competition across town as a key to their success through the years.
Hiskett and Sons maintains between 15 and 25 employees and makes every effort to maintain their reputation of honesty and loyalty throughout the small community of Fallon. Steve Hiskett says that Thurman's reputation and good business sense enable the company to thrive.
The company donates money to worthy causes and takes an active interest in the area youth. as evidenced by the local high school mascot, Gurka, displayed on the side of the new cement silo supplied by R&S.
The purchase of a new concrete plant, as well as updating the rest of their operation, was a hard but necessary step. Competition within the industry has become much tighter, and economic conditions have affected everyone. People began to go out of town to buy concrete that was cheaper and easier to produce from the big, modern outfits.
Hiskett and Sons decided to update with a new concrete plant featuring fly ash and cement capabilities, as well as weighed water and a computer control system. Steve Hiskett emphasizes the importance of utilizing all the little things that will save on expenses and make a huge difference, such as using gravity to convey the cement and fly ash rather than using cement screws that take additional maintenance and energy costs.
With a new location, they started fresh with all new equipment. Since the company also sells sand and gravel, they were able to clear the entire site themselves. They completed their own sitework, poured their own foundation, and set the anchor bolts. An R&S serviceman came to set up the plant and ensure quality and function once the site was ready.
Even though new equipment has breathed new life into Hiskett and Sons, the operations manager maintains that they remain the same loyal and honest people that they have always been. R&S sent a Texas flag to accompany the plant's factory installed flag pole, which Steve said they proudly displayed until they gifted it to a woman in the community from Texas who expressed interest in their Texas-Nevada pride.
Business remains fairly slow, but the air base nine miles away helps since it is still spending money.
For more on the equipment supplier, visit For more on the producer, visit | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.973138153553009}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '55720', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JJOE5BVM34ZH46RLI56OM3LDIZQUPCAQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5a3beb7b-3deb-4198-9251-c7cc605105e0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 2, 0, 27, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.80', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E4AVVUCYY366BJQ3JXGIKF3W54AGWBZY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:17f80751-5866-4c43-9a41-7f1cc38a9da7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.theconcreteproducer.com/concrete-materials-and-admixtures/nevada-producer-builds-new-plant--looks-to-the-future.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c07c904-bbf0-4feb-a7b5-df5d90879011>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '571', 'url': 'http://www.theconcreteproducer.com/concrete-materials-and-admixtures/nevada-producer-builds-new-plant--looks-to-the-future.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04583781957626343', 'original_id': 'c603b9a3040c14ebde40eb27d176114f4f42c85513f2f8364e9909d1db3d5c21'} |
October 08, 2015
Turning Pennies Into Memories ~ Changing Your Priorities
Changing Your Priorities | Establishing a Budget | Sticking to the Plan
So... you want to travel! But at the end of every month, you don't seem to have a red cent left to put into the "Travel Savings" account that has been gathering more dust than dollars since you opened it. Unexpected expenses and unanticipated bills seem to pile up at every turn, making your ability to pay your rent as unrealistic as your dream of visiting the Greek isles.
If this is your situation, you need to get your finances under control - but not for travel's sake. Your finances are controlling your life. It's time for you to tell your money where to go, and not the other way around. Most Americans have a debt problem, but you don't have to be one of them if you make it a priority.
Turning Pennies Into Memories
Step 1: Changing Your Priorities
"You know that we are living in a material world, And I am a material girl."
~ Madonna
"Instant gratification takes too long."
~ Carrie Fisher
Western societies revolve around consumerism and instant gratification. We want our things, we want the fanciest things of all, and we want them ten minutes ago. From commercials that tout keeping up and surpassing the Joneses to companies offering same-day shipping and delivery for items purchased online, we have been conditioned and accustomed to not having to wait for anything. In many ways, this is great! But in a world where having multiple credit cards is as American as apple pie, it's also very dangerous.
As stated previously, most Americans have a debt problem. According to a CNN Money article published in July 2014, 1 in 3 Americans have debt that is in collections. That's roughly 77 million Americans. How does this happen?
While there are instances where a job loss all but necessitates living on a credit card (been there, done that), I would venture a guess that the biggest reason Americans have such a heavy debt load is lack of self-control. If we want something but can't afford it now, do we wait and save up incrementally until it's within our reach? No, of course not! We pull out good ol' Mr. Visa and take our items home that very same day. Problem solved, right?
The problem with putting ourselves into debt is that we become a slave to it. We've handicapped our future selves with a burden to pay off past items, plus interest. It may have seemed like a good idea at the time to buy that discounted bedroom furniture set on your credit card, but did you take into account the interest you'd be paying on top of it every month? Most credit cards average at 15% APR; just in one month, that $1,000 bedroom set has cost you an additional $150, and if you only make the minimum monthly payment, it'll take years to pay it off.
It's time to cash out of the mindset that having credit card debt is normal or okay. It's not. You need to get rid of debt, and you start by changing your mindset and your priorities.
If you want something, pay cash for it.
If you don't have the cash for it, save for it.
If you already have debt, prioritize paying off your debt before you buy any "wants."
Don't buy things you can't afford. Don't put yourself into the slavery of debt. It's as simple as that!
When you want a fancy dinner to celebrate an anniversary, buy steaks and wine for a candlelit dinner.
When you really want to see a new movie, rent a Redbox "new to you" movie instead.
When you're feeling the need for a cocktail, make and enjoy it at home.
When you're bored with your clothing and want to revamp your wardrobe, focus on your end goal. You don't need half as much as you own.
When I came back from a mission trip to Uganda in 2007, I felt the need to get rid of all my excess items. Why? Because I saw how people can live on a little and be twice as happy as Americans glutted with too much. If you need a little dose of reality, watch a YouTube clip of what life is like in a third-world country, and all of a sudden your "outdated" wardrobe will make you feel like you're wearing Queen Elizabeth's duds in comparison!
Get your drink on with a view like this on a rooftop bar!
This is not an easy mindset to maintain. Like I said, we live in a society where eating out, having coffee with a friend, and buying a new top just to keep your wardrobe fresh is the norm. Deviating from this will make you stand out, and even the most loving of friends and family will sometimes put pressure on you to "come out for drinks just this one time" when you really should be putting that money towards financial freedom. Believe me, I've been there. But this is a choice you've made. You want more money available to spend on your travel dreams, right? Missing out on drinks and appetizers with friends may be disappointing at first, but remember that money gets you one step closer to cashing in on drinks and appetizers at a roof-top bar with views of the Acropolis in Athens. How's that for a trade-off?!
So what makes me such an "expert" on this topic? Well, first of all, I am no expert or financial adviser. I'm just a girl who put herself into deep credit card debt during college so I could keep up appearances with the endless rounds of socializing in my circle of friends. It took years to pull myself out of debt and salvage my damaged credit score, but I did it - even when working just minimum wage jobs. And I did it by changing my priorities.
And you know what? I can say with absolute conviction that "missing out" on eating out was more than worth all the memories I've made on various domestic and international trips I've been able to afford over the last few years. And now that Danny and I are expecting Baby Gypsy in December, I am happy with the solid financial foundation we've laid. Our savings account is not yet where we want it to be, but with the exception of a very small car loan*, we're well on our way to being debt-free and able to keep making our travel dreams a reality!
*If and when we do purchase a house, we will inevitably go into debt for a mortgage. While many financial peace planners (including Dave Ramsey, whose Financial Peace University is my personal favorite and the one whose principals are more or less outlined in this series) advocate not even buying a house until you can pay in cash, I don't think we will follow this route. Houses acquire equity, so I consider that "good" or at least "safe" debt. Credit card debt and cars do not increase in value; your car will never be worth more than it is now (unless you're a lucky duck with a sweet antique car!), so carrying debt for it is unwise.
Linking up for #WeekendWanderlust!
1. This. Is. AWESOME. And sooooooo necessary for millions of people! Can't wait to read the rest of this series! Totally agree with you on the house/mortgage thing, and I think most people will, too. I think we learned we could save so much money by just shopping less and having less clothes! We also started cooking so much more since moving to Europe, and that obviously impacted our budget in a positive way, too. Will be directing several friends to your post!
2. Great info and tips. We really want to do the Dave Ramsey course but no one will do it with us. :( I already use a lot of his principles though.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '91', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.970524787902832}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '90153', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:46R744THTLF527MLRVQCNWCPC7DUI4MZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:caa18673-a3e9-4a13-898e-51c56b39f665>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 7, 16, 3, 2, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.239.36.21', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WE7NNWQJN62CNAZI6KU4QFRPMB2MT5NP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9db27803-c976-4975-9eb2-ac5ee4f53bf5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.thriftygypsytravels.com/2015/10/turning-pennies-into-memories-changing.html?showComment=1444341473316', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4e876429-bcb3-471e-a9db-63fab6fe5b2c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1422', 'url': 'http://www.thriftygypsytravels.com/2015/10/turning-pennies-into-memories-changing.html?showComment=1444341473316', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-29\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-95.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07180029153823853', 'original_id': '5b1c61454a71adf317d1cb2b2abf46644552d1c0da0ce4f45aef5a9b3b6baa04'} |
package org.ovirt.engine.api.restapi.resource;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;
import javax.ws.rs.core.UriInfo;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoSettings;
import org.mockito.quality.Strictness;
import org.ovirt.engine.api.model.Quota;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.action.ActionType;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.action.QuotaCRUDParameters;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.queries.IdQueryParameters;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.common.queries.QueryType;
import org.ovirt.engine.core.compat.Guid;
@MockitoSettings(strictness = Strictness.LENIENT)
public class BackendQuotasResourceTest
extends AbstractBackendCollectionResourceTest<Quota, org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota, BackendQuotasResource> {
private static final int STORAGE_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT = 40;
private static final int STORAGE_HARD_LIMIT_PCT = 30;
private static final int CLUSTER_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT = 20;
private static final int CLUSTER_HARD_LIMIT_PCT = 10;
public static final Guid DATACENTER_ID = GUIDS[0];
public BackendQuotasResourceTest() {
super(new BackendQuotasResource(DATACENTER_ID.toString()), null, null);
}
@Override
protected List<Quota> getCollection() {
return collection.list().getQuotas();
}
protected List<org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota> getQuotas() {
List<org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota> quotas = new LinkedList<>();
for (int index=0; index<NAMES.length; index++) {
quotas.add(getEntity(index));
}
return quotas;
}
@Override
@Test
public void testList() throws Exception {
UriInfo uriInfo = setUpUriExpectations(null);
setGetQuotasExpectations();
collection.setUriInfo(uriInfo);
verifyCollection(getCollection());
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
setUriInfo(setUpBasicUriExpectations());
setUpCreationExpectations(ActionType.AddQuota,
QuotaCRUDParameters.class,
new String[] { "Quota.StoragePoolId", "Quota.ThresholdClusterPercentage",
"Quota.GraceClusterPercentage", "Quota.ThresholdStoragePercentage",
"Quota.GraceStoragePercentage" },
new Object[] { DATACENTER_ID, CLUSTER_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT, CLUSTER_HARD_LIMIT_PCT, STORAGE_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT,
STORAGE_HARD_LIMIT_PCT },
true,
true,
GUIDS[0],
QueryType.GetQuotaByQuotaId,
IdQueryParameters.class,
new String[] { "Id" },
new Object[] { GUIDS[0] },
getEntity(0));
Quota quota = getQuota();
Response response = collection.add(quota);
assertEquals(201, response.getStatus());
assertTrue(response.getEntity() instanceof Quota);
verifyModel((Quota) response.getEntity(), 0);
}
private Quota getQuota() {
Quota quota = new Quota();
quota.setName("Quota_Name");
quota.setClusterHardLimitPct(CLUSTER_HARD_LIMIT_PCT);
quota.setClusterSoftLimitPct(CLUSTER_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT);
quota.setStorageHardLimitPct(STORAGE_HARD_LIMIT_PCT);
quota.setStorageSoftLimitPct(STORAGE_SOFT_LIMIT_PCT);
return quota;
}
@Override
protected org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota getEntity(int index) {
org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota quota =
new org.ovirt.engine.core.common.businessentities.Quota();
quota.setId(GUIDS[index]);
quota.setDescription(DESCRIPTIONS[index]);
quota.setQuotaName(NAMES[index]);
quota.setStoragePoolId(GUIDS[index]);
return quota;
}
private void setGetQuotasExpectations() {
setUpEntityQueryExpectations(QueryType.GetQuotaByStoragePoolId,
IdQueryParameters.class,
new String[] { "Id" },
new Object[] { DATACENTER_ID },
getQuotas());
}
@Test
@Disabled
@Override
public void testListFailure() {}
@Test
@Disabled
@Override
public void testListCrash() {}
@Test
@Disabled
@Override
public void testListCrashClientLocale() {}
@Test
@Disabled
@Override
public void testQuery() {} //queries on quotas not supported by API yet.
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f58e415cc31c6f7203e1cbadf35ecc2fec6894309d602b968ed917e4c671bd0e'} |
-- Copyright (C) 2015 Tomoyuki Fujimori <moyu@dromozoa.com>
--
-- This file is part of dromozoa-utf8.
--
-- dromozoa-utf8 is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-- (at your option) any later version.
--
-- dromozoa-utf8 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-- GNU General Public License for more details.
--
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-- along with dromozoa-utf8. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
local pure = require "dromozoa.utf8.pure"
if utf8 then
return utf8
else
return pure
end
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/LuaDist-testing/colyseus/blob/master/coronasdk-example/dromozoa/utf8.lua', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'MIT', 'date': '', 'title': 'colyseus', 'creator': 'LuaDist-testing', 'language': 'Lua', 'language_type': 'Code', 'word_count': '138', 'token_count': '249', '__index_level_0__': '48703', 'original_id': 'e10d22d1f07f614d81d22c7bab0b0b5bc006626050f356778e760cb4c00231fe'} |
Woodward Slams Clinton as ‘Corrupt’ for Mixing of Clinton Foundation and State Department Work
Veteran journalist Bob Woodward flatly called the actions of Hillary Clinton and the pay-to-play connections between the State Department and Clinton Foundation "corrupt" during a panel discussion on Fox News Sunday.
Clinton dodged questions at Wednesday night's presidential debate about the special access to the State Department afforded to Clinton Foundation donors, pivoting to talking points about the organization's charitable achievements.
The latest revelation from hacked emails release by WikiLeaks show that Clinton solicited a $12 million donation from the King of Morocco in return for keynoting a Clinton Global Initiative event, although she ultimately did not attend. In addition, emails have shown that donors to the Clinton Foundation were afforded more access to Clinton when she was secretary of state, and extra attention was afforded to "Friends of Bill’ in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
"When you see what seems to be clear evidence that Clinton Foundation donors were being treated differently than non-donors in terms of access, when you see these new revelations about the $12 million deal between Hillary Clinton, the foundation and the King of Morocco, are voters right to be troubled by this?" host Chris Wallace asked.
"Yes. It's corrupt," Woodward said. "It's a scandal, and she didn't answer your question at all, and she turned to embrace the good work that the Clinton Foundation has done, and she has a case there. But the mixing of speech fees, the Clinton Foundation and actions by the State Department which she ran are all intertwined, and it's corrupt. You can't just say it's unsavory, but there's no formal investigation going on now, and there are outs that they have." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.972540557384491}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75915', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QUDLAETEBCTQEGSEQ5BNJET4FZSPI76Y', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ee4ee659-ff9d-4466-95c1-74aaa89df0c6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 22, 6, 45, 28), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.6.129.242', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:FEMVRICAXRG5HRI33FORN5ZEOIXI7SVU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c8b6a43-5a62-482f-8de0-df269a3e4054>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://freebeacon.com/politics/woodward-slams-clinton-corrupt-mixing-foundation-state-department/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bc72d9cf-0d4e-46f8-9ade-062b082bb3f2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '280', 'url': 'https://freebeacon.com/politics/woodward-slams-clinton-corrupt-mixing-foundation-state-department/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-29.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03005117177963257', 'original_id': 'ec1eaa4d6765303dc7f0b39faaceba8185972bfb0b6e4d3fb7e0e5946556dae0'} |
Stu Wilson
Hartlepool, United Kingdom
Age: 44
One time electronic engineer, one time programmer, one time salesman of ladies undergarments.
Full-time cat lover, Mac, iPhone, and iPad owner.
Real world .Net/Sql/RedDot developer for the people that brought you Pottermore.
Where coffee and donuts collide, there you will find me as elusive as the Higgs-Boson | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8597305417060852}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '26798', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2MQWYWQN3Q7JRZCTMW2MLMGSBTFIOI4P', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:60628bab-53b3-4551-9ee3-efa0d982b612>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 15, 27, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.16', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:K66PLYROWEW67D5IN4SJOVRJH2UYYKMD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9def3cd9-7431-4992-aba1-9eb6e1023879>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://stackexchange.com/users/1165052/stu-wilson', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:06687018-e9f9-48f1-8e1d-fb02a7f5ef1d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '54', 'url': 'http://stackexchange.com/users/1165052/stu-wilson', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.022675156593322754', 'original_id': 'ba2fb013011373f755aaf927760e1d74ac4ee0d483a417e23619495d66e29fda'} |
/*- * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Donn Seeley at UUNET Technologies, Inc. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint) static char sccsid[] = "@(#)vscanf.c 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93"; #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */ #include __FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/lib/libc/stdio/vscanf.c,v 1.12 2003/01/03 23:27:27 tjr Exp $"); #include "namespace.h" #include #include "un-namespace.h" #include "libc_private.h" #include "local.h" int vscanf(fmt, ap) const char * __restrict fmt; __va_list ap; { int retval; FLOCKFILE(stdin); retval = __svfscanf(stdin, fmt, ap); FUNLOCKFILE(stdin); return (retval); } | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '394', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.6844773292541504}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '2747', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XHWIXT6Z6ASD5BMT4NGD2FUPVGIHU2YL', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ce683103-347b-46e7-8df9-b2a9e5ab8dd1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 8, 1, 23, 15, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '17.251.224.146', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BQ5CTETNSGKFWSQTVWN7OTASXAJ7ADRN', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e42effd4-dc61-42bc-9f59-f63a9cca1404>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/Libc/Libc-391.2.3/stdio/FreeBSD/vscanf.c?txt', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d18a70c2-fe63-4835-9b63-a25e4fa8d2f9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '300', 'url': 'http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/Libc/Libc-391.2.3/stdio/FreeBSD/vscanf.c?txt', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9529879093170166', 'original_id': 'eecdbeb064bcfa6449f96b85bf6f8a67691849de8f29813c690c5df967f425b9'} |
[Risk factors for infection and catching tuberculosis in adolescents in relation to the epidemic risk of a tuberculous focus].
Examination of risk factors of infection and falling ill with tuberculosis in 453 adolescents who had different contacts with patients with tuberculosis (a study group) and 246 from the healthy environment (a control group) has ascertained that adolescents living in death foci fell ill with tuberculosis 6 times as frequent as the controls (18.2 versus 3.3%) and 3 times as frequent as other subgroups. A subgroup from bacterial isolation foci was the second severest epidemiological risk. They fell ill with tuberculosis twice as frequent as the persons having a contact with patients without bacterial isolates (8.0 and 4.1%) and 2.5 times as frequent as the controls (8.0 and 3.3%). In these subgroups of those fell ill with tuberculosis was slightly more than in the control group (4.1, 4.0, and 3.3%, respectively). | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c5f24371b098fa01ed817b5082fbc942f6bfc9f9bb40a597437de6adc87c5381'} |
Black Eyed Peas singer Fergie's real name isn't Fergie -- it's actually Stacy Ann Ferguson, but she's filed paperwork to legally change it to Fergie Duhamel.
That would mean she's not only adopting her nickname as her legal first name, but also taking husband Josh Duhamel's surname.
The documents filed in L.A. state she wants to change her name to "conform to the first name which she is commonly and professionally known as, and has been for many years."
The pregnant pop star's next step in making this legal is to publish a notice in the local newspaper for the month preceding her hearing on August 16. (We guess renting a billboard isn't in compliance with the law.)
Hey, if Metta World Peace got his chosen name, why shouldn't she? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '37', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9755406379699708}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '135423', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HJ7WCJ5XWCZUGBHVLK7MYAQFF66APO7X', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f106962f-9f0b-4b1d-9440-ca25798214cf>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 19, 21, 11, 30), 'WARC-IP-Address': '152.195.32.248', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:633VCG3I5MA7KJOAHMVLNWBPVJDO674R', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0d0a7786-3bad-4794-aaf1-bdd56ab7b392>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://my1035.com/fergie-changing-name/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:15176b6d-f8cc-48cd-973e-7af2b29630e9>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '127', 'url': 'https://my1035.com/fergie-changing-name/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-179-238-165.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3520461320877075', 'original_id': 'bc0894d4d295e750af724dac9d2dd9bfd99de7da3ffb23e499eb3cf2c0488e50'} |
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Wednesday, September 12, 2012
An economic development plan for Greece
I re-post an article below which I had first published in June 2011.
Point of departure
The Greek economy is in shambles. Greece has absolutely no chance to comply with
the austerity requirements on a sustained basis because the economy of Greece
is a basket case and because there seem to be no plans whatsoever (neither on
the part of Greece nor on the part of the EU) how the economy could get going
again. There is no industrial development plan how
to convert a corrupt and crony-driven economy into a value-generating market
economy. This is not a project for a few months, nor even for 2-3 years. This
is a project for an entire generation and it has to be planned accordingly.
Economists have calculated that Greece, since
the Euro, has become roughly 40% more expensive relative to Germany. However,
the Greek Euro has maintained the same international purchasing power as the
German Euro. Consequently, Greece has imported products and services from
abroad instead of producing them domestically. The Greek economy has become a
zombie-economy which had lost its business model long before the financial
crisis of 2008: 80% of the economy consists of services, i. e. “selling each
other souvlaki at inflated prices and paying for them with money borrowed
abroad”.
Looking back
From 2001-10, Greek imports amounted to 446
billion EUR compared with exports of only 146 billion EUR. Despite the present
recession which brought imports down and even increased exports, exports still
only cover 40-45% of imports (compared with 78% in the USA and even 93% in
Italy). The current account deficit during this period was 199 billion EUR!
This luxury of the Greek economy was financed through foreign savings.
From 2001-10, the gross external debt of
Greece increased from 121 billion EUR to 409 billion EUR; representing a net
increase of 288 billion EUR. Most importantly, the foreign debt of the private
sector (212 billion EUR) is higher than the foreign debt of the public sector
(187 billion EUR). Even if all of Greece’s sovereign debt were forgiven and
even if the budget could be balanced, the problem of the Greek economy would
remain.
The Greek economy literally “burns” money.
The current account deficit for 2011 was still as high as 21 BEUR. Deposit flight from January 2010 - March 2012 was in excess of 70 BEUR.
In the past, the ECB has filled this “hole” by lending money to the Greek
banking sector. Picture the following: the ECB sent tax payers money to the
Greek banking sector so that wealthy Greeks could – perfectly legally via bank
accounts – transfer their own money abroad and so that the Greek economy could
import goods instead of producing them domestically! How much longer will the
ECB be able to do this? (presently, they have lent roughly 100 billion EUR to
the Greek banking sector).
Diagnosis
Greece is not a bottom-less pit. However, it is a pit with 3 big holes: budget deficit, current account deficit and capital
flight. Quite a bit has been done already with regard to the budget deficit but
more needs to be done. Nothing has been done yet as regards the current account
deficit and capital flight.
If Greece does not get a handle on the
current account deficit and on capital flight, the country has absolutely no chance!!!
An industrial development plan needs to aim
at reducing the current account deficit and at eliminating capital flight.
Exports can probably not be increased at a significant rate because Greece does
not have all that much to export (yet). Revenues from tourism can probably not
be increased significantly, either, because they are already very high and
because Greek tourism – objectively speaking – isn’t really all that
competitive (Greek tourism lives very much on cult).
Consequently, it is imports and capital
flight which are the two factors left which could make a difference, and a big
difference they could make indeed! Imports must be drastically reigned in (and
replaced, as much as possible, with domestic production) and capital flight
must simply be stopped outright.
If Greece left the Euro and returned to the
Drachma, all of the above would happen automatically: the new Drachma would
devalue by at least 30-40% making all imports more expensive accordingly;
capital flight via bank accounts would no longer be possible because banks
would not have the necessary local currency.
A Euro-exit, above all an uncontrolled one,
would probably be the worst of all evils in the present chaos. Financial assets
of Greeks (savings) would overnight become 30-40% worth less in terms of
foreign currency. Bye, bye social peace!
A possible solution
If a Euro-exit is the worst of all evils and
if Greece cannot make it with the present Euro-structure, then Greece must hold
on to the Euro and simulate a situation – at least temporarily – as though she
had returned to the Drachma.
Temporary measures: special taxes on imports
in order to make imports altogether 30-40% more expensive (on a staggered
scale, however: 0% for priority imports; 100% for luxury imports); selective
Free Trade Zones where internationally competitive business conditions are
allowed so that new domestic production for import substitution can be started;
and capital controls.
This would violate EU-treaties (free movement
of goods/services) but treaties can be amended, if only temporarily. This is an
emergency and an emergency requires emergency legislation. For the EU it would
clearly be more beneficial to approve such amendments so that Greece can build
up a value-generating economy instead of continuing to send tax payers money to
Greece so that a zombie-economy can be kept up.
A new Investment Law of constitutional rank
must be established which assures the potential new investor all the
internationally competitive business conditions which he desires. Since no one
seems to trust any Greek law any more, the EU should guarantee compliance with
this Investment Law so that investors do not have to carry any political risk
(economic risk they have to carry!).
The investor would find an economic nirvana:
he can produce competitively and he already has an assured market demand. And
he is covered against all sorts of Greek political risk.
Wealthy Greeks hold hundreds of billion Euros
in foreign bank accounts. The new Investment Law must aim at the voluntary
return to Greece for new investment of parts of those funds. Greeks are good businessmen
and they recognize a good business opportunity quickly. Why should wealthy
Greeks prefer to earn 2% in Switzerland when they could earn a multiple thereof
in Greece with the same security?
Why selective Free Trade Zones and not the
whole country to begin with? Because one cannot restructure a country’s economy
from A-Z at one and the same time; that would lead to a revolution. Instead,
the objective has to be to make the Free Trade Zones work well and to hope that
their economic framework will rub off on the rest of the economy over the
years.
Of foremost priority is good business
governance in the Free Trade Zones; everything must be on correct and
transparent footing. If the Greek way of doing business (tax cheating,
corruption) set foot in the Free Trade Zones, the project would be doomed from
the start. There would have to be efficient control mechanisms such as regular
audits by reputable auditing firms. Perhaps even periodic EU-inspections (after
all, they guarantee compliance with the Investment Law).
The great risk associated with import
controls is always that this protection of the domestic economy is misused by
domestic manufacturers. Suppose an imported tooth paste costs 1 EUR per tube
and the new internationally competitive conditions in the Free Trade Zones
allow the domestic manufacturer to also operate profitably at that price.
Assume further that a 100% special tax will temporarily be imposed on the
imported tooth paste so that the domestic manufacturer can start up his
business. Thus, the imported tube will now cost 2 EUR. The risk is that the
clever Greek businessman may now want to sell the domestically manufactured
tube at 1,99 EUR.
This is not how the system can work! The
objective of the Free Trade Zones is to build up sustained domestic
manufacturing. They cannot be misused by clever Greek businessmen to produce
competitively but sell at twice the price. The benchmark always has to be the
international price!
Closing commentAll of this sounds very much like a planned
economy, but it isn’t. It all depends on the new Investment Law is formulated.
The law has to establish firmly those rules within which entrepreneurs can act
freely and to their profit. An effective Investment Law will offer the investor
an attractive relationship between security, risk and reward. If that is
accomplished, the investors will come on their own.
Chile showed in the late 1970s how a good
Foreign Investment Law turned a formerly communist and planned economy in a
short time into the „darling“ of foreign investors. Why should Greece not be
able to accomplish the same? (particularly with the EU-guarantee, of which
Chile had no equivalent).
Argentina has attempted several economic
stabilization plans over the decades and for a limited period of time they all
seemed to work. The foreign money of Argentines always returned quickly to the
country and accelerated the recovery. However, as soon as the first clouds
appeared on the economic horizon, that money left the country as quickly as it
had come. Greece must accomplish the “trick” to create the kind of economic
framework so that the foreign financial assets of Greeks stay in the country on
a sustained basis.
The government must assure that many
investment opportunities are always on offer for investors. They must be well
presented and accompanied by base case business plans, and they must be
publicly tendered. The government could even involve some PR-coverage to
stimulate a “run” on such new investments (based on the theme: “let’s get in
before the door perhaps closes again”).
The issue of Greece’s sovereign debt was
purposely not addressed here because that problem is, in comparison, the
smaller problem. A foreign debt problem can be solved with a few hundred people
in a conference room (provided that they can agree on something). However, to
develop an industrial development plan for the Greek economy and to
successfully implement it, that requires the best brains not only of Greece but
also of Europe.
But: once there is an industrial development
plan for Greece, the sovereign debt problem will be much easier to solve
because the country’s creditors could, for once, have the hope that there could
be light at the end of the Greek tunnel!
The North is getting impatient with Greece and does not want to send more money. However, the North must be aware that one cannot have the cake and eat it at the same time. Either the North supports and promotes increased economic value generation in Greece so that Greece can develop its own, self-supporting economy, or the North will have to accept the fact that permanent transfers are unavoidable.
10 comments:
Development plan is the key Klaus. Good point of view. But the issue also is the business idea. Many people have ideas and they are creative, truly inventional. There aren't ideas only how to cheat someone or to exploit locals by creating an unnecessary service especially and not producing real useful hard assets products for which we are in need.Even if ideas do exist the bureaucracy is a barrier and the steps need to follow people tiring.I don't know if Free Trade Zones will deal with issues of how to finish a successful investment properly.Already exists Fast Track which aim is to follow every investment and facilitate when there are obstacles. However its not a matter only of Investment Laws but how Courts perform, if the Land Registry will ever finish(Troika totally forgot that).Some things need to mature to give good results, but do change. Doing business evaluation will change the following years.About the exports- imports 146 - 446 you mention only trade balance (goods)not services etc ? Or Balance of Payments?At the end, more than 800 mil surplus on Aug. Possible primary surplus for 2012 with recession -7% as i said in previous message. Never seen it as a result in modern economic history. (even after dept exchange)Do you?This is a very good exelixis if we admit that some (not all) reforms do not apply effectively.Reduced prices in some goods and services is still an issue.
I mentioned both, the trade balance (-300 BEUR) and the current account deficit (-199 BEUR). Personally, I think the current account balance is a better indicator than the trade balance because IT IS important if a country, like Greece, can generate foreign revenues also through services. Suppose Greece could compensate through services (tourism) everything it overspends on trade, that would be perfectly fine. There are many areas in the world whose living standard depends entirely on tourism (Austria, for one, would be in dire straits without tourism). What matters is that you have sufficient foreign revenues to cover the foreign expenses.
Yes, the current account balance has improved sensationally. However, I am told that this is almost entirely due to the recession/depression. No money in people's pockets, no money for imports. When money returns into people's pockets, imports will sky-rocket again (because the domestic economy does not deliver the goods which consumers want).
Exports have increased impressively in recent months but I hold my breath on that. First, they are still no higher than back in 2008, at a time when Greece was more expensive than today. Secondly, with the Euro having declined against the USD and with Greece having become cheaper, exports should actually have exploded (particularly to non-EZ-countries).
I repeat over and over again: Greece must increase the domestic value creation so that not (nearly) everything needs to be imported. And through increased domestic value generation, domestic employment will go up.
I am not familiar with Fast Track. It seems it is one more instrument, like the SEZs which I recommend, to make life easier for enterprises. I don't think of an SEZ, even though many suggest that, as a place full of perks. No, I think of them as a place where life is perfect for enterprises. Let me close with a quote from Churchill:
"Some people regard private enterprise as a predatory tiger to be shot. Others look on it as a cow they can milk. Not enough people see it as a healthy horse, pulling a sturdy wagon".
The EU has neither the skills nor the authority to devise and implement a Greek national development plan.
Did it do it for the former Warsaw Pact states - NO.Is it doing it for the former Yugoslav states - NODid it do it for Ireland, Spain or Portugal - NO, NO and NO.
This notion that that the EU should take responsibility for the Greek economy is like the Greek tourism industry - another mythical cult. The one that says the rest of the world owes Greece a living because it's the cradle of democracy. Modern democracies have their roots in Scandinavia - the only thing that comes from Greece is the word.
All national economies are planned, in democracies _plans_ are often called _policies_. The US has 'earmarks' (military bases), SoE's (Fannie, Freddie, NY Fed) corporate bail-outs (AIG, GM), subsidies (ethanol, dairy), funding and blocking of enterprises (Solyndra, XL Keystone) etc.
How would an EU formulated and guaranteed "Investment Law for Greece", be administered? Hopefully by a juridical authority and not some Star Chamber in Rome or Worms. Who would be expected to obey such a law? Presumably the Greek Government would one such party. What penalties could be imposed on Greek politicians and bureaucrats - jail, exile to St. Helena? Is there a court to do that - no; so lets have a European Court of High Crimes and Miss-Demeanors in Paris, the capital of Farce.
In reality all the EU can do is to provide advisory expertise (as can McKinsey's, BCG, Goldman's etc), project finance via the EIB, SAF etc, and not get in the way.
Ireland did not need an EU Investment Law to attract US IT and Pharmaceutical industries, nor one to foster the growth of a local software industry, some of which used the wealth of returning expats. Nor did the Irish government need Brussels' permission to lower corporate tax rates or set up technology parks (micro SEZ's). They just did it, because that's the job they were elected to do.
It seems you're advocating that the EU take over the responsibilities of the Greek Government. Do you also advocate the democratic participation of the other 400+ million EU citizens in electing the surrogate Greek Government.
If the Greeks want someone to run their country for them, then they should ask the Turks if they want to resume control. Or they could ask Putin if they can join his Eurasian Economic Union; which would, in many respects and in my opinion, be a better fit to the Greek 'condition'.
KK wrote - "Either the North supports and promotes increased economic value generation in Greece so that Greece can develop its own, self-supporting economy, or the North will have to accept the fact that permanent transfers are unavoidable."
The first option is only available to the North if GREECE takes the initiative.
So the North is seemingly stuck with the second option, as evidenced by recent decisions in Frankfurt & Karlsruhe.
That is until some country gets the courage to say enough is enough, and exits the Euro, potentially triggering a disorderly collapse of the EMU. Or the Euro Elites could concede that the EMU is a failure, that can't be fixed with band aids or can kicking. That it needs root and branch re-engineering, and to do that it must first be dismantled in an orderly manner.
Let me respectfully say this: I sense in all your comments the premise that Greece as a society is more or less on par, or should be considered as such, with other EU-countries.
I think that is the wrong premise!
I think Greece is in many respects a developing country, a developing country that happens to be an EU-member and gets measured by EU-standards. I mean: where in the world do you see such archaic public administration as in Greece? (I think even in the underdeveloped world, certainly in the emerging world, would you have to search quite a bit to find parallels).
Blame the Greeks for that? No, blame their history! From the time Greece became a Roman province (2nd century BC) until 1832, Greece was an "addendum" to something else; first to the Romans, then to the Ottomans. So Greece never developed the public administration which a country develops when it is on its own. And their Roman/Ottoman leaders certainly did not add value to Greece like, say, the British added value to colonies.
Greece largely missed out on the major historical processes which shaped the rest of Europe: the Reformation, the Separation of Church and State, the Rennaissance, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, etc.
I am sure there are still people alive in Greece today who remember a childhood/youth in their villages when life was not much different from medieval (if not ancient) living standards. People who had slept on floors (instead of beds) in their childhood, who had to grow older to see roads and cars, etc. I certainly remember my first visit to my wife's village back in 1977.
The entire structure of society still reflects that today. Where you had feudalism in the Middle Ages, you still have cronyism in Greece today. You have some of the most sophisticated societies in urban centers and you have some very simple-minded (if not naive) societies in the country.
Of course, it is politically incorrect to say this but the fact of the matter is that Greece needs development aid like any other developing country.
I could argue that the more underdeveloped a country is, the more sophisticated its elites are. Their children are educated at the best schools of the world. And they develop all the skills which make them the democratic equivalent of the lords of the Middle Ages.
I would think that it should be a piece of cake for the Greek elites to get their country into shape, if they only had an interest in doing that. But which lord in the Middle Ages took the initiative to deprive himself of power, influence and wealth?
If one starts from the premise that Greece should, por favor, perform similarly to other EU-countries, one will only be disappointed. One has to start from the premise that Greece needs development aid.
Now that, of course, requires two conditions precedent. One, the elites must allow that their country is being developed and, two, the Greeks need to acquire a realistic self-recognition and accept that they need development aid. I think both are equally large hurdles. The elites have no interest to lose their playing ground and Greeks are not known for their ability to self-recognize and to seek help.
Klaus,everybody should be a great admiror of the British phlegm, or even a kind of it, a bit underrated probably of an Old Colony.Also the English insurmountable contribution to every aspect of life, sciences, literature, music etc. However I understand the burden for a few who live under the illusion of the past Empire, it's difficult ! Let remind only with my truly bad Latins "difficilis est directum pro totus"
Greece has the same privileges as any other EU member, so it should have the same obligations as any other EU member. If it can't live up to those expectations then it should exit the EU.
If it did then it would enjoy the benefits of being an un(der)-developed country. It could call on agencies like the UNDP and World Bank for advice & loans. It could get third-world development aid from the EU. It could join NAM, Jim O'Neill could put in one of his acronyms.
But most of all it could get aid from EU member states, most (all ?) of which channel the bulk of their foreign aid via their own or UN institutions rather than the EU. The EU as an institution has no record of being a major development agency. It's barely been able administer Kosovo, so why should we expect it to solve the problems of Greece.
The history of Estonia is not so different from Greece, in terms of foreign masters etc - although it never had an Empire, so it never ruled any foreign countries like Greece has. Estonia became free of its most recent occupier about 20 years ago, whereas Greece got rid of its Ottoman masters almost 200 years ago. If Estonians can pick themselves up by their bootstraps, why can't the Greeks - maybe histoiry has something to do with it.
I do believe the Greeks had quite a bit to do with the Byzantine Empire, the fact the the Patriarch of Constantinople is the nearest thing the Greek Orthodox Church has to a Pope is a testament to that. And the Roman Empire (as opposed to the Roman Republic) was in the eastern region at least as much a Greek affair as it was Roman. No other colony ever had such a major influence on its colonisers as the Greeks did on the Romans. After 620AD Greek was the official language of the Byzantine Empire.
Gibbon on the Byzantine Empire - "the Byzantine Empire was vitiated by a bureaucratic over-elaboration bordering on lunacy: quadruple banked agencies, dozens or even scores of superfluous levels and officials with high flown titles unrelated to their actual function, if any. Access to the Emperor and his council was controlled by powerful and inscrutable eunuchs and by rival sports factions."
What we see in modern day Greece is more of the same.
Whilst ever the Greek Elites and Hellenophiles see the EU as part of the solution and not as part of the problem then I believe Greece is doomed to becoming the first failed state from the first world.
If Greece was relegated to the European Customs Union, it would enjoy the benefits of being a most favoured country with respect to trade, but it would not be constricted by EU Treaties and rules - nor would the EU or its member states be restricted in terms of giving it aid and assistance - they could even forgive Greece some of its OSI debt. They could help it set up SEZ's - but it would not have access to the ECB alphabet soup bowl.
Assume, for a moment, that a prominent EU-politician like Barroso, Hollande or Cameron would make a proposal along your lines. I fear all hell would break loose over the fact that someone wants to relegate Greece into the role of a second-class citizen of Europe. All the good media would tear that person apart and the Greeks would have one more reason to exercise the victim's role which they do so well. And if Merkel were to suggest this, more than all hell would break loose.
It might be different if the proposal came from Greece itself.
Personally, I was not aware of all the alternatives which might to open to Greece which you mention. As I said, they sound plausible and you could sell me on that. I just don't think that rational thinking is what carries the day these days.
I agree Klaus, the big boys, as in the EU, Germany, France, UK&NI... have played their cards and failed to take a trick. So they've lost any credibility they may have ever had. Besides they lack the imagination and courage to put forward any alternative ideas.
But if Poland were to say something like :-
The attempts to set Greece on a better path to prosperity have failed. Those that believe that more of the same will bring about a different outcome presumably also believe in the tooth fairy.
The failure of the EU solution to cure the Greek condition is not only bad for Greece its also bad for other EU member states, and its bad for the EU itself.
There is little prospect of the current generation recouping the money it's handed over to Greece. Non Greek EU citizens and many of their politicians are getting fed up with the attention, intellectual energy and money that's being given to (squandered on) Greece.
Measures such as fiscal pacts, banking unions, transfer unions et-al are being considered and implemented with too much haste, too little care, and inadequate consultation with the people. It could even be argued that they present a clear and present existentialist threat to the EU itself.
When in a hospital one has a very sick patient with a contagious disease you don't leave the patient in the emergency centre. Nor do you put them in an open general ward alongside everyone else, with once a day visits from a bevy of junior doctors. No, you put them in isolation and give them intensive care; under 24hr watch by senior nurses and frequent visits by a platoon of specialist doctors.
What Greece needs is intensive specialist care, which is well beyond the scope & capabilities available from General Issue EU system.
You know the rest. Why Poland ?
They're big enough to be 'important', hence be listened to, and they don't have much skin in the game hence little to lose in maintaining the status-quo.
I've been impressed by the manner in which their Foreign Minister can present an argument, such as "Why Euro candidate countries should have a voice, but not a vote, in Eurogroup meetings".
Poles are renowned for sticking their heads above the parapet and taking on impossible tasks. They may not win, but they often display remarkable courage, or to put it another way - they have more chutzpah than most other EU members.
Its just possible that the Greeks might listen to Poland, they probably view it as a fellow victim of foreign oppression. It's even possible that the Brits would look more kindly on the Greeks, and give them back their marbles to play with.
Thanks for the compliment of posting my comment as one of your posts - I'll treasure that :)
EU guaranteed free economic zones carry legal, democratic and financial (to what extend does the EU pay) issues that imply those will take many years. Taken into account the real problem, I think a strong shock is necessary.
Since 2008 it was clear that the Greece economy could not compete due to salary/performance levels, regulations, etc.With the first bail-out, about 2,5years ago, the Greek government strongly promised privatisations and deregulations in order to restore competitiveness, as well as reductions in salary costs and improved tax collection.
Only a small fraction of the promised privatisations and deregulations were implemented.E.g. only 10% of Hellenic Telecom was sold. So it is still a state company with the old bad service levels. Whereas, in line with the EU regulations, Telecom in other EU countries was fully privatized in the nineties.Due to this lack of (willingness to take) action, the efficiency of the economy didn't improve towards a normal EU level.
The salary costs were roughly 50% to high, taken into account the inefficient economy. Those costs went down only slightly but are still far to high.So, while Turkey is booming as holiday country, Greece is not...As long as these problems are not solved the Greek economy will not recover.
That implies that:- sending even more money to Greece will not solve the problems. Worse, Greek will need more money again after a few years...
- Greek politicians will only implement the necessary steps if they are forced, e.g. because there is simply no money. Then it becomes really necessary to implement those (just as in e.g. Argentina). After that Greece will gradually get a flourishing economy again.
Of course Greece will have a (partial) default.But Greece can continue to use the euro despite the default, just as e.g. Montenegro does.That is the best and probably only real solution. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '53f29a84bc4e0949028eb6bedbe55f048f8bdbd5b3c337434f22f6c94372bf4a'} |
Q:
Do we need to do server side(web services) validation for input parameters in Android development?
I am a web developer and in web development we have been taught to do both client side and server side validation. In Android programming I am doing the client side validation and showing messages using Toast. After that sending data to web services,
1) should I still do a validation (like password field has min of 6 characters, alphanumeric etc.) in web services.
What are the best practices with respect to validation in Android development?
A:
Yes, You should do validation from server side. then the question why comes
Client-side validation is always in the sense of providing a better User Experience (UX), so the user doesn't have to submit and reenter information simply because a value in a form isn't valid - it makes things more dynamic.
What could a user do if you do not server-side validate? Anything, depending on how you use their data. You could be allowing users to drop entire databases (or worse, leak them), modify anything they like (or worse, read anything they like. Directory traversal flaws are extremely common entrance points for naughty people), and elevate their privileges at will. Do you want to run this risk? Not validating user input is like trusting people and not installing locks on your house.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ac27d01df25ac26709fd9f524a66d2f8da4cf8cc1bc803e9c1c7eb4c65273f39'} |
Worst. Quest. Ever.
Church History Minute: The Quest for the Historical Jesus
What was/is it? The quest for the historical Jesus is something of a misnomer. There were actually three different “quests” for the historical Jesus (one of the going on today), and even they are somewhat loosely defined. However, the “first” quest for the historical Jesus began in the eighteenth century and dominated much biblical study in the nineteenth century. The goal in it, as in all the quests, was to find out who the actual person Jesus was. The assumption, however, was that the Jesus seen in the bible could not be the historic Jesus. Motivated out of deism (which believed there was a God, but did not believe he intervened in the world today, much less became a person), it’s advocates eventually decided to focus on Jesus as a moral and ethical teacher. From this a number of “biographies” of Jesus came about. Although many figures featured into it, the most well known was D. F. Strauss (pictured). After it fell apart, in the early twentieth century, there was a brief attempt at revival (a rather uninteresting “second quest”) and then nothing until the third quest. The third quest can be divided, roughly, into 2 camps. Those who are decidedly more liberal, such as those who favored the now ridiculed “Jesus Seminar”, and those who are more conservative, but think it helpful to think of Jesus as a historical person in addition to the witness in Scripture. It is marked by an emphasis on the “Jewishness” of Jesus. On the left it would include those like John Dominic Crossan, and on the (mostly) right N. T. Wright. Really it’s more of a scholarship endeavor than an actual quest, though, so don’t expect any King Arthur type things going on here.
Why was/is it important? It spawned a number of reactions (positive and negative) and led to some interesting interpretive insights. For instance: the idea of “The Markan Secret” (where Jesus tells everyone not to spread the word about him in Mark) wasn’t really noticed in detail until the quest. Also spawned reactions to it in neo-orthodoxy, kerygmatic theology, and others.Fun Fact: Not only didn’t the quest go anywhere, they rarely involved any actual historians. Actually that’s not very fun at all.Where might I have heard of it? Around Christmas or Easter, usually one of the major networks runs some kind of special about “Who was Jesus?” If they don’t, try Discovery, History or National Geographic. Usually they tend to be slightly weighted to the more liberal side (and sometimes more than “slightly”).
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All India Committee against Death Penalty
Petition against Death Penalty
To: The President of the Republic of India
His Excellency
The President of the Republic of India
New Delhi.
Your Excellency,
We, the undersigned, request you to commute the death sentence given to five Dalit landless peasants belonging to Bihar to life imprisonment on humanitarian grounds.
In a 2:1 judgement the Supreme Court confirmed death sentence awarded by the Sessions Court in Gaya to four Dalit landless peasants. The four accused in the Bara incident: Veer Kuer Paswan (60); Krishna Mochi (52); Dharu Singh (40); Nanhe Lal Mochi (53) and Shobhit Chamar of Durgawati village in Bhabhua district of Bihar in another case.
These peasants were given death sentences in a context of mass responses to the massacres by Swarna Liberation Front and Sunlight Sena (names under which criminal landlord armies operated and were predecessors to the Ranabir Sena) such as in Sawan Bigha (Jehanabad), Rampurchai (Jehanabad), Mein Barsimha (Gaya) etc We earnestly believe that it is necessary to understand the tensions in Bihar in the context of the iniquitous socio-economic and political situation of Bihar/Jharkhand.
Lack of land reforms, violation of statutory minimum wages, attacks on women and children of the poor by the upper caste landlord armies and the sheer fear psychosis created among them by the nexus between the rural rich and the police have already resulted in anarchy prevailing in Bihar/Jharkhand. It is significant that not one of the accused belonging to the landlord armies has been prosecuted under TADA (or POTA), though they carried on more than 120 attacks and killed more than 700 landless dalits and peasants in the last 20 years from 1980 to till date.
Whereas it is routine to charge landless Dalits under draconian laws where rights of accused are jettisoned. Inaction of the police and apathy of the state governments to proceed against landlord armies and, in rare case of trial, the fact that persons responsible for massacring Dalit landless peasants are handed light sentences contribute much to the anger among the Dalit landless peasants and create conditions where they feel they have no option but to take matter into their hands.
Although the 2:1 judgement by a three member bench itself questions the legitimacy of upholding the award of death sentences to the accused, there are other lacunae as well. If dissenting Judge regarded the evidence to be “fabricated” is it fair to award death penalty to the accused? It is equally troubling that death sentences are awarded to the poor and vulnerable who when failed by the governments took law into their hands. Whereas the upper caste landlords who massacre the Dalit and other landless poor people escape punishments. It is this that brings out the infirmities in the regime of capital punishment that metes out death to the poor and vulnerable in the name of deterrence when the very existence of poor is jeopardised by social inequalities and political indifference.
In the above context, we the undersigned once again appeal to your excellency for commuting the death penalty imposed on the above mentioned Dalit peasants.
The Undersigned
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If you or somebody you understand has Pet dog Barking issues, did you know that they can be easily solved utilizing an unbelievable no bark collar from Our K9?
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The ultrasonic bark collars are among the most popular bark collars in the market today. This kind of bark collars are used to discourage canines from barking by utilizing an bothersome yet totally safe noise. Ultrasonic bark collars frequently work by releasing a high pitched ultrasonic sound that is said to be irritating to prevent the canine from barking. They are my response likewise among the most efficient way of controlling a pet's incessant barking. The bark collar emits a noise when its microphone senses the pet's barking that shocks the canine without resulting in any kind of physical damage. The microphones in the ultrasonic bark collars are developed to pick up special barking, which stops the high pitched ultrasonic noise from unintentionally going off as a result of other noises. The high pitched ultrasonic sound emitted by the ultrasonic bark collars can not be heard by human beings however they can be heard by pet dogs, and it just you can try here lasts for a couple of seconds. Recent studies have actually revealed that this type of bark collars does not have any type of unfavorable impact on the canine due to the fact that the period of the high pitched ultrasonic sound is managed. Numerous brands of ultrasonic bark collars have a positive tone function that serves as a favorable reinforcement when the pet dog stops barking.
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Relations - a Memory of Bacup.
I have just visited my great aunties house and was very interested to find a photo on the wall of this house with a note attached - it appears to have been the family home of my great Uncle Joe's parents. Would anyone know how I would find more information about it - like the years they lived there etc
A memory shared by Louise Bradley on Mar 8th, 2013. Send Louise Bradley a message.
Comments & Feedback
Tue Sep 15th 2015, at 8:39 am
Hi Louise, I believe my great great grandad James Whittaker owned Broadclough Hall in the 1800's. I visited the historical society in Bacup and a lady there named Wendy was very knowledgeable and helpful. In a few months I'll get my mums genealogy records and know more. Let me know if you'd like me to see if there's a connection to your great uncle Joe.
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Cinco de Mayo - not Mexican independence day after all
The Puebla Cathedral
The Puebla Cathedral
The festivities of Cinco de Mayo are soon upon us again! Although many people here in the United States believe that Cinco de Mayo is a celebration of Mexico’s gaining independence; actually, it is not. In the United States, this holiday is celebrated largely for marketing purposes. It is rumored that the Corona beer company is responsible for the extent of celebrating that goes on here in the United States.
Here is the real story:
After the Mexican-American war in 1846, 50 years after Mexico’s independence from Spain had already been established; Mexico fell on hard financial times. This was largely due to the Mexican civil war which left Mexico without much structure. Because of this economic crisis, Mexico borrowed a great deal of money from other countries to get back on its feet. In 1862 the European countries to which Mexico was indebted came to collect. Still suffering financially, Mexico was unable to repay the countries and issued vouchers instead of cash asking for more time. England and Spain accepted this offer, and left the country peacefully. France, however, invaded Mexico seeking total control.
Led by Napoleon III, the troops tried to make their way to the capital of Mexico City. Although outnumbered and out-armed, the Mexican soldiers at the state of Puebla, triumphed over the French forces; a true show of perseverance and determination. This battle took place on May 5, 1862 and is called La Batalla de Puebla. One year later, the French invaded again and eventually did occupy Mexico for a time.
The Cinco de Mayo holiday is to commemorate the bravery and fortitude of the Mexican soldiers at Puebla. As such, the celebration is more intensely celebrated there, in the city where the battle took place. The fiesta includes Mexican food, piñatas, mariachi bands, parades and fireworks. In some places there are reenactments of the battle where there are sometimes real casualties. Usually however, fruit is used as ammunition, so the worst that can happen is an orange upside the head.
Here in the United States, it is largely a reason to eat Mexican food and drink beer and margaritas. Locally, the four Nashville area Cinco de Mayo restaurants, along with numerous others, will celebrate Cinco de mayo with drink specials and a fiesta atmosphere including T-shirt giveaways.
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One of my fellow DJ's just sent me this video, and it really made me tear up. I've never watched "The Voice" before, but it's clear to me that the people on this show have big hearts.
"The Voice" kicked off its latest episode with a tribute, honoring the victims of the school shooting in Connecticut. I'll let the video speak for itself. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.977075695991516}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '116450', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CJ7KO4EJRT267VW5RO2WEVYTRQGOB4DR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:f66114a6-7957-4155-af28-72b41f50d69b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 19, 9, 36, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '72.21.91.8', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A6IM4HWKY45Z4MQTS3MW3O3FGF2X7ERW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f5df67d3-4520-4ec1-b79d-3414f9563014>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://tri1025.com/touching-tribute-to-the-victims-of-the-connecticut-school-shooting-on-the-voice-video/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ffbb4565-9040-4c9e-a80e-3a1de3f1e04d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '59', 'url': 'http://tri1025.com/touching-tribute-to-the-victims-of-the-connecticut-school-shooting-on-the-voice-video/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-237-244-20.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-17\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05632126331329346', 'original_id': '7ccd33368d3a2ec81d16b01f3a9c20089d12a4675f8a926c35aa22ac53999b62'} |
Zorù, Ministri del Seminario, Zer. LVII, alle sante vesti, Ticino, pace a voi, I vostri sacerdozio al popolo annunziato. Dodici eletti a servire Osiride, Ed aiuta sacra pompa presenti al popolo gli Assiti; (PS: non vi ho mai visti portare parte dei ministeri.) Ahi, felice occasione, d'empio vassallo ingrato! Ah, barbari disegni di cuori disumanati! Perfida scaltra donna, che hai il gioco sottilmente sedotto! Cieco misero Nino, da un folle amore condotto! Ma io, di questo amore reo, meno di lui non sono; E condannando i miei errori, agli errori suoi prevedo. Signore, temo il tumulto. No, non ti preoccupa, Corina. Onore, gloria, mercede oggi a te si destina. Io non merito gloria, degna di esser onorata; Circa poi la mercede, riceverò i favori. Colà, d'oùde del tempio conosconi gli avvenimenti. Entra, ed il cenno attendi, finché a te lo chiamerò. Me lo fareste una grazia? Per te, che non farci? Mi lasciereste andare a fare i fatti miei? No, non temere Corina. L'opera compisci, e aspetta il trionfo a cui fosti dal cielo eletta. Già questo e quel, che vedisi usare ai nostri giorni. Comandami, comandami, e poi: voglio così. Entra in una stanza del tempio, Zorù, Studi fallaci e vani, d'astronomia mendace, Stolto, chi in voi presume il presagire verace. Segno fra i vostri arcani non ritrovai di questo. Al regna, e alla mia vita pericolo funesto. Mercato non fu degli astri il trono a me predetto, Fu della sorte un dono, fu dell’industria effetto. L'astro, che mi condusse dai trionfi al soglio. Fu col velo di pietà il mascherare l'orgoglio; Fu per acquistare gli amici con benefici e doni, Guadagnare col tempo la forza e le ragioni. Fu la provvida stella del conseguente onore Della real Nicippe l'arbitrio ed il favore, L'astro, che minaccia tornare alla regale sede, Il nuovo amore, che al principio semina ha la mia fedeltà. Sordi sono i pianeti, Sordi non sono i numi. Giove misura i meriti, gli affetti, ed i costumi. I segni, che influiscono in noi, cercar conviene; Vengono dal vizio i mali, vieni da virtù il bene. SCENA IV. Imperatore e Hironimo e il suddetto, Sem. Il tuo, Semiramide, la tua bontà mi obbliga maggiormente. Al regio sacrificio volendomi presente. ACTO QUINTO. Attori, a me i seguaci miei inviteranno divotamente Per te, per lo tuo regno ai sacri numi i voti. Att., So ramori, so la fede, che per me nutre in petto, So per me degli Assiri il geloso affetto, E so, che più di ratti ad onorarmi aspira, Lo straniero che s'inoltra ai fianchi di Semiramide. Sem. Parli tu di Gambise? Att., Sì, di Carabise insieme. Che il bel cuore di Nino vanta nel seno impresso. Sem. (Temo che ci mi conosca.) Uno sguardo a Semiramide. Sem. (D'onde si rì di timore?) (Aparte a Nino) Min., (Forse dal quel rimorso, che mi dilania il cuore.) (A parte a Semiramide) Zer., Olà, venga Nino, e i miei vassalli e amici Vengano all'ara innanzi ad implorare gli auspici. Prepariamo all'altare le vittime già sono. Segno al popolo devoto dia delle trombe il suono. Suenete le tre trombe Zeraste ascende al trenta Semiramide e Nino siede accanto a un lago. SCENA V. Cleante, Teetrade, Lisimaco, Sidonia. Ognuno, freme a ragione il popolo inquieto, e non si ferma, al tempio si oppone un tuo decreto. Sisifo con la forza tenta di arrestare gli armati, la ragione si asconda agli animi irritati. Nel pacifico tempio l'armato introducendo non giova oggi esigono i numi di religione la prova. Entri il popolo senza armi d'Osiride all'aspetto. Taccia, obbedisca, ed usa al cenno mio rispetto. Sidonia, non temete. Vedrete tramortito il pericolo mio. Tutti a lei la loro obbedienza. Se è pericolo, iddio. Cleante, non temete. Vedrete tramortito il pericolo mio. Tutti a lei la loro obbedienza. Se è pericolo, iddio. Ab, potrei vorrei che di un astro, o di una stella fosse il castro disegno scoperto i Zoroastri. Lisimaco, non da un astro o di una stella mi ha di lingua spergiura reso di noi sottomessa. Attì sitemi all'orlo del precipizio. Quando il re già dal trono si accosta al sacrfizio. Prendetemi allori. Fidetemi, che l'onore me ne inderà, che la licone non tiene? Sappi, che lei ti aspetta. SCENA VI. Nicotria, detti. Kic. Com. Chi mainstream? L'amoroso, sentinella Al reale signoraggio forse condotti io sono Per rimirare issata la mia rituale al trono? 2° r. Siedi e colti Nicotria. Nicotria, Adi. Oh. Signore, le labbra si colorano. Fumino l'are identici dei dei sacrificio è l'ora, Ah ci siamo, desolati, desolati, desolati, le ultime, ministri, uomini feriti. Attende il mio comando. Voi le mie voci udite Sdegni di pacifico armento sangue non è, bastante. Versare deve su questa ara il sangue di un regnante. Popoli, io so la vittima, cui si destina il sangue. Sono pieno di rabbia del cielo, io da versare ho il sangue. Togliete a quello altare le vittime innocenti. Di vittima reale fummo quell'are ardenti. Compìti nel mio capo dei giusti Dei lo sdegno, Diamanti perisca, e ne trionfi il regno. Ma quale nuovo ministro alla bipenne ardita Dovrà porre la mano per togliermi la vita? Odi, dia una scure alla cruda mano, Che con studiati colpi al mia morte aspira. Dia un ferro a Cammisa, sotto cui consente Il gran re degli Assiri nascondersi vilmente; Fra la donna illustre, ed il giovane reale Si disputi la gloria del colpo micidiale. Ma no, si nobili vanti v'è chi contrasta ad essi. Essere desiderati ministri i miei vassalli istessi. Scure recare intorno ai perfidi inumani, Tingano nel mio sangue, tingano i rei le mani. Il popolo sciagurato dal giogo mio respira, per piegare la cervica al giogo degli Assiri. Il volubile genio col proprio re tiranno piange sotto altro impero lo scellerato inganno. Perfidi, vi ammutite? Non vi è di voi chi ardisca prendere il ferro in mano, e che il mio senso ferisca! Ah! Nicotrie, Nicotrie, tu più di tutti hai diritto di punire oltraggiata l'ombra del mio delitto; che fu un'ombra sola, di delirante amore, ciò che mostrò di toglierti una porzione del cuore. Ah! si, di accorta denuncia fur le lusinghe e i vezzi, unici del tuo labbro al voto ed ai disprezzi, che nel mio cuore distrussero della costanza il vanto. Sparso dal rio veleno dell'amoroso tentamento, Bella, perdonami chiedo. Se nel tuo cuore reo sono, vendica con gli strascichi, toglimi vita e trono. Tu sola di Battria erede, hai tu ragione sul soglio, non degli Assiri il bastone, non dei rebei il orgoglio. Scure alla mano condegna sia la regalità mia spada. Aprici nel mio seno al regno la strada. Non temere di quegli empi di Talma di sdegno accesa: fidi guerrieri armati saranno in tua difesa. Olà Sisifo, olà, fidi campioni entrate. La vostra principessa servite e preservate. Voi che siete sudditi indegni, e voi perfidi amici, voi che il desiderio nutrite d'orrendi sacrifici, dite chi è in ira al cielo, a quale reo si aspetta. Placata dei giunti numi lo sdegno e la vendetta. Signore, non mi guardate, ché io non ne so niente. (Ah! Questa volta il trigono è stato inconcludente.) (From the perspective of Semiramis. It is. (Se ti aspetti a perderli, ti saranno perduti.) From Semiramis, (No, finché io resto in vita.) From Meroe to the Nile, Godo visto con tristezza la mia rivale ardente. From Cyrus, (Chi svelò a Zoroastro il suo discorso oscuro, è) From Meroe to the Nile, our nemico. From Cleopatra, Un labbro a noi spergiuro. From the Pharaohs, Cleopatra, L'empio, il cosiddetto tanto vi opprime e vi avvilisce, che niuno in faccia mia di favellare ardirà? Semiramide, Prima, signore, di tutti parlare a me si aspetta; Io sono il primo oggetto di sdegno e di vendetta. Rea comparisco al mezzo di inganni e tradimenti, Ma rea tanto non sono, se qui ascoltare consenti. Tu col vanto degli astri tuo favore imponi Ad acquistare giulmente delle fate il regno, E tutta l'Asia è pietà che soggiogare aspira Coli armi e con inganno il regno degli Assiri. Nino e Teucrati ancora, v'è col suo regno oppresso, Chi bruma per l'ardimento di mirarlo oppresso. Amore di noviceria arde tra i suoi servi, Qual ardere ti vedo barbaramente i tuoi. Vi fu tra i vostri vasalli chi offrì la tua vita al busto Per liberare la patria dai regni gioghi oppressa, Di libertà cercando offre il grande tributo A chi porge la mano all'ultimo aiuto.) Se tu fossi nel caso di eleggere il partito Assalire il nemico o di essere assaltato, Quali dei due sceglieresti? Vano è la mia richiesta. Per reprimere la frode, anche la forza è onesta. Pur della guerra in vece, che favoriva audace Il tuo popolo istesso, io preferii la pace. Noto sarà per fama sotto l'astro storico Se ho trattato la spada al par del virile sesso. Ma risparmiare mi piacque per questa volta il sangue, Vincerci ho desiderato, senza volerti esangue. Se vincoli ho bramato, non per recarti offesa, Ma per mirare all'Assiria dal tuo disegno intatta. Nino meco si è ascose sotto mentita apparenza, Non con idea d'inganno, ma per geloso effetto, Quanto gelosia possa in un cuore zamante, Dicailo a te Nicotri di lui più delirante. Signore, di quanto io dico prova ne avrai sicura. Vuoi regnare, vuoi la pace? Volgiti al caldo, e giura. Giura a Nino amicizia. Pronto e a giurarla anch'esso. Legami e uniscila due re in un interesse comune, Mirino i rei vassalli perduta ogni speranza; Al timore, al rispetto cede la rabbia baldanza. Sposa la tua Nicotri, Nino, il tuo cuore mi dona. Tu dell'amore sei certo. (Nino) Tu l'avei mia perdona. (Zoroastro.) Digitized by VJOOQiC ZOROASTRO. O Semiramis, il tuo talento si riconosce a prora. Basta, i sospetti interni agitano non giova. Ecco al tempio, ecco di pace il tempio. Nino a me giura fede; io seguirò l'esempio. Nino: M'odo i dei superni... Semiramis: Prima di formare il voto, Della fede che tu intanti fa che il talore sia noto. Mi prometto col cuore. Dammi la destra in pegno, Sia il voto solenne della tua fede un segno. Ah! si, lo giuro ai cieli, cui di mancare non si osa. Mi è Zoroastro amico. Tu mia regina e sposa. (Rendermi può felice regno, grandezza, amore.) Oh, scaltra donna, (Oh donna del sesso) tuo onore! Nino, a te l'amistade... Signore, perché mi credi, Fallo vedere con un eguale esempio della tua fede. Sì, Nicotra, comprendo quanto facile sia addestrarti il pieghevole tuo cuore da un'abile maestra. Eccoti la mia mano. Fissato è il tuo destino: giuro a te la mia fede; giuro amicizia a Nino. Tecogno me ne consolo. Perdona i miei sospetti. (a Semiramide) Son donna, e come donna ho le virtù, i difetti. Zoroastro, amici, oggi bel giorno amore trionfa e pace, ma non rimanga inulto il tradimento audace. Perfidi rei vassalli, ch'empio furor vantate. Fra ceppi il destino vostro ad aspettare andate. Toglieteli dinnanzi al mio reale conteso, non si funesti il tempio con sì lugubre oggetto; e voi sacri ministri, offrite all'altare ardenti fra gli odorosi fumi le vittime innocenti. (Sacerdoti iniziano a sacerdoti con le vittime alle altari, le vittime. Le guardie arrestano. "Uì, da ce der ci foctsi con meditato inganno," un macchinatore, un bastardo, un tiranno. Mi abbandonò a causa quando d'amore ha schiacciato. Tu che le lodi a Nicocre, tu le colpe aggravi. Non ne penso, ti rende il tuo defutto, te lo mediti. Empio, furai sedussero le lusinghe adulatorie. Ah! signore, quel che io state dirò, senza riguardo! Ci ha tutti confusati un trigono sardo. Si crede che dovesse cadere sopra di voi. Il trigono causa cadendo sopra di noi. Ha da morire? Pazienza. Si sopporta ogni disastro. Chi sa che dopo morte io non diventi un astro? Preciso d'una grazia, re generoso, umano: Dimmi qual piano vi discopri, rateano. Si, vuoi appagare Sidonia, vuoi illuminare il mondo. La provvida mia scelta non taccio e non nascondo. Oli, s'adempie il cenno. Arrossirete indegni, Nel rimorso quell'astro che mi svelò i disegni. Qualche come al cielo scese dal cielo in terra. Le comete predicono morte, fame o guerra. CENA ULTIMA. Ci sono detto, Zir. Alla stella amica che per divino portento, Chiusa in un comodo sito, raccolse il tradimento. Della morte di tanti so che causa sono io. Veramente un re salvando, ho tolto onori e pregi. Ma avere pietà di tutti l'umanità m'insegna. Se per me siete salvi, io vi do domando ardita. Dei miseri in mercede donatemi la vita. Che tu sia benedetta! Senza esitazione accogli meriti di occupare il posto della luna. Grazia negarla non posso a chi la vita io devo: Ma soffrire non conviene a nemici al regale seggio. Esali dal mio regno per pena vostra andrete, A una pietosa donna l'aura vitale dovrete. Ab! sì, donne gentili, dei beni e dei disastri Della vita dell'uomo siete le stelle e gli astri. Voi miseri ci fate con scherni e con rigori. Voi col vostro amore rendete felici i nostri cuori. Deh! per te sia ridente, Nicotra, il mio destino! Deh! sia per te, o Semira, lieto il destino di Nino. Non dubitar, mio caro, a tua fedele consenso Al tuo volere contrario, nemica alla tua sponda. Che risponde Semira? Dolce diletto sposo, Tanto sono fedele quanto sei tu amoroso. Mancami un solo bene per far la gioia mia. Che tu dal seno bandisca il gelo di gelosia. O di me non ti fidi, ed è l'amore insano, O all'amore mio tu credi, e il dubitarne è vano. Chiedi, s'io dico il vero, chiedilo a chi ci ha ascoltato. Se nostra commedia poco vi fatto concepita, Questi applaudite almeno ai fini umani. Per scoprire gli inganni sia par loro accorti; Ma il dubbiare di tutto reca alla fede che corta. Entità di Tragico fimo. NOI Digitale da VjOOQ iC RIFORMATORI DELLO STUDIO DI PADOVA Vendo. Lettore per la Fede di Regione, ed Appiovalsi del P. Fr, Gio: Tavola Mascheroni Inquisitore Generale del Santo Offizio di Perse, nel Libro intitolato: LiCommiedi di Curato Gelfondi ecc. non vi esser cosa alcuna contro la Santa Fede Cattolica, e perimene per Attestato del Segretario Nostro niente contro Principi e Buoni Costumi, concediamo Licenza ad Antonio Zan Stampatore di Venezia che possa essere stampato e osservando gli ordini in materia di Stampe, e presentando le solite Copie alle pubbliche Librerie di Venezia, e di Padova, Dat. li 10. Aprile 1789. Andrea Q,nerini Rif. Pietro Barbarigo Rif. Trance teo Morosini 2. Cav. tr, Rif. Registrato in Libro a Carte xSS. al Numero 170. Giuseppe Gradsnigo Seir. 20. Aprile 1786. Registrato a Carte 134. nel Libro esistente presso gli Illustrissimi ed Eccell. Signori Esecutori contro la Bestemmia. Giannantonio Maria Costantini Ecd GIUSTINO. RACCONTO DI CINQUE ATTI IN VERSI. PER SONAGGI. ANASTASIO impera tutto d'Oriente. ARIANNA imperatrice sua sposa fu vedova di Zenone. GIUSTINO bifolco, poi imperatore. VITALIANO tiranno dell'Asia minore. EUFEMIA sorella di Anastasio. AMANZIO dal lago di Cesari, generale dell'Asia di Anastasio. POLIMANTE, capicchio di Vitaliano. ERGASTO, pastore e custode del serraglio delle pantere, creduto padre di Giustino. Soldati Bizantini. Soldati di Viliano, Guardie. La Scena rappresenta un villaggio poco distante da Costantinopoli, in cui v'è un serraglio di fiere per uso dei Cesari, che viene guardato da un'alta torre. Da un lato della scena si vede, un Mausoleo magnifico, in cui sono sepolte le ceneri di Zenone colla spada e la corona: dall'altro lato campagna sparsa di arbori che tendono ad ingombrare grande parte della scena, ed a coprire il piano della torre. Fra questi arbori si vede la capanna di Ergasto e Giustino con buoni e altri rustici arredi. ATTO PRIMO. SCENA PRIMA. Giustino che dorme sopra di un sasso, rinviene la mano sopra una vanga, poi Ergasto. Giustino balza furiosamente dal sasso destandosi ingannato da un sogno. "Si, con questa spada... ah dove sono ? Con chi parlo ? Che fo ? dove le schiere sono da me sconfitte ? Ah ! che sognai. Giustino son io povero e vile fra boschi nato. Sono le armate mie; sono mie sublimi Imprese Feeder la terra e stimolano gli armenti. Scende! Mi sembra ancora vedere d'armati Ripieno il campo, rosseggiare la terra Di sangue versato, mille cadavери a piedi. Armati guerrieri, e qui e quindi Brandiscono il brando, e alteri duchi oppressi E l'alti spietati trafitta al carro avvincenti Si era fatto festoso, Ah! che fine è stato Sogno. Ma è questa che m'arde Asso desiderio di trattare l'arma. Vattene, pur sei strumento vile, Sudore, di mia destra indegno Alzati, vis vendicatore. Eleva, nazione, e vi da me colta Ubertose campagne, adorerai La sventura non trascurirà Mi rivedrete In altra aria tornare che di un bifolco. Felici voi che produceste al mondo. Chi eternizzerà di queste selve il nome. Figlio, non vedi il sole, che ormai ricopre Con i suoi raggi la terra? Egli ti invita Allo usato lavoro. I bovini stessi Sembrano, impazienti d'uscire fuori Nell'aperta campagna. Io non comprendo Come uniscansi in te due così contrari Moti ed affetti. A predarli ti accingi Una selvaggia belva, il voltro stesso Ho nel corpo nel corso; e se io ti chiamo Per gli armenti a guidarli la coppia umile. Tardo e movi, e qui a forza in gleba la terra a ricomporre spingendo l'aratro. Ah! t'inganni, se a vivi reputi l'uso di coltivare la terra, Uomini o sillare. Per Digitized by VJOOQIC AT T b PÈ t MO. i Per il valore, per gradi eccelsi Non degnarono con proprie mani Le proprie terre a seconda di Roma I consoli superbi avevano per uso Le clamide deposte e i consolari Purpurei fregi e i calzari Vedi Ciò appresi in coste quelle di anelli Io desidero Di cambiare stato, cambiavo cielo e vidi Quel sol felice è chi di stato Umile Sa contentarsi. Quindi Ahi padre, io lo confesso Questa umile di guidare buoi al campo Soffrire non so. Tu lo dicevi, un arco, una belva, un cimento, un'asta, un ferro Fa tutto il mio piacere. Tutto ciò che diletta. Al quotidiano Vitto dobbiamo pensare. Se tu trascuri di coltivare questa coltiva il terreno ci diede poca patte di terra e il pane, il vino Da onde uscìamo noi? Vecchio sono io, né possiedo Reggermi più, un più mi vale il frullo A sollevare la diretta parte dell'aratro pesante. Anche va forte Mancami a stimolare gli alfatatici Antichi troppo e troppo magri a me non piace; Tamo, Giustin, lo sai; se biade avessi Oltre al nostro bisogno, ad uso bifolco Io parte ne darei, per solletti Da peso tale che ti molesta e spiace. Sai la mia povertà, sai quale guadagno Traggo dal custodire le antiche selve Di quel serraglio. Io ne ricavo appena Tanto che basta a ricoprire di queste. Rivedi incolte lane, i membri nostri. Giù, quindi dovremo sacrificare la vita. Digitized by VjOOQiC Il 4 di luglio. Affamato, si svolge per così poco? No, no, non è vero. Padre, perdonami, se ci spiace, se meno di quel che mi aspetti, servirò sotto i soldati per un giorno forse cambierò stato. A che dici? Se speri di trovar giusta mercede al tuo valore? Figlio, ti inganni. A giudici alti e sublimi, chi merita no, ma chi ha fortuna, ascende. Lo sai chi fa questo? Fortuna, il cieco amore dei grandi. Osserva un vivo esempio di ciò che io dico, e non pensa che io voglia congedarti, è uso degli antichi, esempio darti da antica storia, sì, recente e nata sugli occhi nostri. Muore Zenone, il nostro Augusto imperatore, prole non lascia dopo di sé. Lascia perciò ad Arianna, che fu sposa di lui, il arbitrio intero di nominare il successore al trono. Chi pensi che ella abbia scelto al alto grado di imperatore? Forse un dei primi satrapi della Grecia? Non pensa la verità, ha pensato forse abbia regio sangue nelle vene? No, stupisci, scelse Anastasio, un uomo nato dal fango che nulla opera di grande, e che forse anche odia la mano benefattrice. E quale merito, dirai, trovò l'imperatrice in cotesto che scelse a tanto onore? D'Anastasio, ecco il merito, ha d'adularla tutta l'arte possiede, e le passioni sa secondare; e poi non fa il detto. La donna al suo peggior sempre s'appiglia. Gli. Dunque Anastasio, uomo della plebe e vile figlio Occupa il soglio di Bisanzio, ed io di sollevarmi da simile abbietto stato Procurerò non dovrò? Ma d'Anastasio quale il incerto sarà? Vicino prevedgo Il precipizio su cui Vi ultra Che dell'Asia minore regge una parte A' Cesari rapita Arianna il nodo Superba ricusò, per dar sé stessa A un impero a costui. Vendetta chiede Vitaliano con l'armi e quelle sono Che odi non lungi rimbomberà dal colle. Giù, Padre, il vero mi narra. Oh qual sorte M'offre incontrata opportuna. Ah! padre, io sento Che l'armminon so. Deh! mi concedi Cangiar le-armi in bellicoso acciaro. Chi sa che questo franco avvezzo solo A riposare sul rusticale aratro, Sulla carro trionfale non miri a esser assiso. Spirito di vanità non ti seduca; Non t'inganni il desiderio. Ma qual simile Donna correrà verso noi? Gin. Sembra piangente e Sembra fuggire da chi la segue. Beg. Aiuta Senti che chiede Gim. Lo recherò in aiuto. Questa rustica Lingua in sua difesa Adopterò. Ferma, che fai? Deh! figlio. Contro tanti che farò solo pretendi? Gim. Ciò che m'ispira il mio coraggio. SCE. Digitized by VJOOQIc O IUSTIKO. SCE. Mucchina di sua estuosa inseguita da umani nemici. Aiuto, per pietà. Perfidi, addietro, fuggite. La colpa è tua, ritiratevi. Questa donna lasciate. Erj. Oh! cielo, proteggi Il valor di Giustino. Enf. Donnes, o nomi Al mio pietoso difensore vittoria. Giù. Perfidi, giù cadete; ecco si, si invola da essi la più vile parte. Al suolo, al suolo gettate. Arma indegna di me. D'altra arma il braccio armerò, se i miei voti ascolta il cielo. Figlio, sei lieto? O dei, grazie vi rendo. A gran pericolo ti esponesti. Giù. Ah, padre, quanto più lieve genio mio sembra pugnar con gente armata, anziché in giro di volgere ad un concerto ferro e le spine trincar dal biondeggiante stelo. Euf. Valoroso garzone, la vita io devo al braccio tuo che mi difese. Giù. Io nulla feci più del dovere. si fa singolare disfare. Dimmi; quale gente li inseguiva con armi? Avevano detto d'avere te nelle mani, o le tue spoglie? Erano masnadieri o traditori? Avevano piacere d'averti viva o morta. Questo non lo so. Non li conobbi; erano mascherati con il volto infame. Ma tu chi sei, gentile donzella? Eufemia, d'Anastasio germana. Perché sola tra coteste campagne? Io non filio sola. Quando partimmo da Bisanzio, avevo servo meco e custodi, lo fui dagli empi abbandonata. All'apparire di questa perfidissima gente i miei seguaci tuoi fuggirono, sola rimasi e preda dei ladroni sarei, se in mio soccorso non giungeva quel garzone. Perché quest'arma? In si tenera età, perché sì ardita? L'unica è del mio cor delizia e cura, l'arco trattare, ed inseguire le belve. Gim. "Oh donna valorosa!" (Orgoglio) Seguendo te, fosti inseguita. Euf. Ah! Ch'io pavento d'Amanzio crude, una vendetta. È un mì ama, lo disprezzo. Mi giurò più volte che pentita mi avrebbe di essere ingrata. Tesa a un empio mi avrà l'insidia indegna per vendicarsi del disprezzo, e poi con la mia morte. Erg. Amanzio, io ben conosco, so quanta egli è superbo e quanto è crudo. Non ti pensi però ch'egli la tua morte bramasse; altro da te, figlia, voleva quel disonesto... Orsù, ringrazia il cielo che salva il tuo essere. Euf. Ma quel che mi dà vita... Digitale by VJOOQiC GIUSTINO. Buon padre, è figlio tuo? Eri. Sì, è mio figlio. Strano ci sembra. Euf. Lo nome suo? Erg. Giustino. Euf. Ha codesta aria, quel garzone, io viso. Che pastor non assomiglia. Erg. E ancora più bello del suo volto il suo corpo. Ma ancor più ispettosa donna d'innamorarlo. Egli aborrisce, ciò che la gioventù dei giorni nostri ama solo e desidera. Se a caso incontra qualche ninfa per via, guai che a mirarla alzasse il ciglio e vedesse il sole di gloriarsi e vago, volesse il cielo ch'io secondare potessi il genio suo. Ma povertà mi opprime. Città. (Che vezzosa maestà, quanto vago misto di bellezza e valor!) Erg. Vedi come fissi in te gli occhi? Non è già il tuo volto che attragga i suoi sguardi? Sono le tue armi l'incanto dei suoi lumi. Euf. Ohimè, che vedo! Eccoti Amanzio con i suoi, Misera, io temo qualche nuovo pericolo. Erg. Alla gemmana del suo monarca egli porterà rispetto. Xuf, Troppo e superbo > ed ha deli' a rm* in mano Il supremo comando. Gm. A me s* aspetta (sdEnfi» Questa seconda impxcsa . Il brando tuo Cedimi e non temer. ^rg, ^ ^ Fermati , Amanzio Dell* armi è il primo duce; offende Augusto (aGiih Chi colui non rispetta. Io ti consiglio {^àEHftmià} Celarti anzi che giunga a discoprirti. V^ Digitized by VjOOQiC A7f T O r R T M O^ ti Vedi là quel boschetto > Ivi t* ascondi » £ noQ temer. Guidala ta« ma tosco (4 Giustina Ricorna poi ( Doa ro che di soverchio Colia donna sen stia , Chi sa ? Siam filtri D* una fragile pasta . } ^uf. Al tuo consiglio Di già pronta m' adatto. Gim. Andiam ; soa ceco , Non paventar. (QiusHno, ed Zuf, si rinrsM nel bé$c$, SCENA IIL ^rgasfù f fot Amsnth , feléUti e gtMftsferice» m^nnaje » Zfi- V>iHi può n^ar che il sangue Riconosca se stesso? Io dalle fasce Trassi Giustino a pascolar il gcegge , Ne altro d'esser ei sa che vii pastore. £ pur la pastoral vita disprezza » £ aspiri a ciò che di Itti fora degno. 5e qual nacque, ci vivesse. Oh! quante volte Piango la sua sventura! E pur va* è forza Simularla e tacer . Nel ciel io spéro Poter pria di morir svelar l'arcano ; E svelar a Bisanzio e ai mondo tutto» Che Giustino è colui... Ma viene il ducej Che mai vorrà ì Cotesti gran signori Vengono poche volte a far del bene. Amo. Soldati, a voi, troncate d'ognuno intorno Queste piante importune. Alle capanne Di così foco, (si rende atto al grande uso Cotesto sito, ove destina Augusto L'esercito schierare. (si spazia no gli guastatori, Erg. Stelle, che sento! Signore, io altro non vedo che terreno, in Grecia. Ove Digitized by Google GIUSTINO, Ove schierare gli eserciti di Augusto? Non dico già che alla capanna mia Si risparmi l'oltraggio. Un vile pastore Delle fiere custode, all'età giunto Servendo al suo signore, canuta e lassa. Per se grazia non merita e non la chiedo Ma deh! riserva queste piante erette. Perché da raggi del sole fossero difese Colli dentro le sere. Olà eseguite. (suggerisce gli atti) L'oratore delle fiere io non ascolto. (trance gli atti) Erg, (Oh superbia inaudita! ed io non mi degnai D'un accento, di un guardo! Ah! potessi Eufemia rinvenire! Ella non lungi Essere dovata. Qui la lasciarò i miei Servi codardi. Ah! chi sarà quel prode Che inoltrò nel mio amore la cara preda Sempre non fuggirà. Due sono gli acquisti A cui aspira questo cuore. Eufemia Sospiro, è vero, ma più mi cava di questo Augusto trono. A conquistare entrambi Porse non tarderò. Di me si fida Anastasio; già il popolo non l'ama Profittarne saprò. Togliere dal trono Chi è indegno di regnare, non è delitto è Intrati nel boschetto coi guastatori SCENA IV. Ergastile solo R sarete contenti. Ecco distruttore. Il mio povero albergo. Ecco atterrato Il diletto mio bosco. Oh dei! s' inoltra La turba ostile. Ah! che al ceretto i fonti > Dist. Digitized by VjOOQiC ATTO II. / M O. t$. Dove ascendi è la donna e il mio Giustino. Doté, è il che fa da regina. Vuoi rinvenire il giorno per me fatale? A che servirmi in vita, se Giove sin da ormai per tormentarmi? Ah, io cado profondamente, Giove è sempre giusto e sempre pio. Sembra talvolta che opprima per beneficare l'uomo. Ancora io spesso la mia pace trova fra i miei disastri. Quante volte provai, ma non torna il dente. Non lo voglio più guardare; mi muovo a sdegno il volto di colui. Più violentemente tratto con le mie fiere; e veramente un uomo che di superbia ha il cuore ripieno, è peggio di quelli che infestano il mondo. (finisce,) SCENA V. Amilio, Eufemio, Giustino, soldati, Giustina e Eufemia interamente vestite, Amilio e i soldati. Come, non lo viva, in tua balà la donna non avrai. Amilo. Hai ragione, bifolco. Sovra la principessa ho difeso da traditori, e voglio recarla io stessa all'aspetto di Cesare. In vano pretendi, soldati, il temerario si disarmi o si uccida. Giusto io, benché solo, di voi tutti non temo, anime vili; venite pur a me, fermate, Giusto, rendi presto il mio ferro. Obbedisci al mio cenno. Gin, Eccolo (ad giorno). Vendicarmi, saprò di quel superbo. Temerario, mi disse e io me lo ricordo. Si ferma, e sia fra ceppi. Riserbato a miei comandi. Ah! principessa. Udisti? O mi difendi, dammi il ferro. Non sia mai veramente oltraggiato. Chi a me se ne sta alla vicina. A te lo darò. Forse saprò, mi qual potrò mercede da te sperare. Odi, se la mia vita (hai) tanto valore, ti dovesse costare una scintilla di amore per me, che del tuo amore sono indegno. Prima morirò, che rimirar mi macchiato con affetto così indegno il tuo bel core. Più soffrirlo, non posso, e già l'offro a più colpi trafitto. Ah! per pietà, modera l'ira tua. Vedi, che in lui parla innocenza e rustico costume. Dillo, non imperversare contro la vita di un misero pastore. ATTO II. La scena si trova nella dimora di Giustina. Ama. La tua passione si accende. Sollecita il mio sdegno. Ora, esegui il mio ordine. (Vanno i soldati per ferire Giustina). Zucca. Per questo senso, brandisci la spada. Passerà prima. Sponga. Innanzi a Giustina. Giù. Dubbio non v'è; a un Bifolco anteponi a un Greco duce. Ama. Gratitudine è questa e non amore. Mi difende Giustino, ed io lo difendo. Ama. Ecco Cesare, e seco Ariano, Augusta. Soldati, voi, schierateli d'intorno. (Differisco per ora la mia rendita). Zucca. Grazia deve avere dal germano. A tuo fare parlerò, non temere. A Giustino. Non sarò pago, se io perirò non vedrò quell'inumano. AmanxÀù va a incontrar V imfiratriee ^ S C 1 U A VI. Anastasio $ Arianna con guardie § ietti , Ana. Xy Uce ,' fa che stien pronta ad ogni cenno Le armate scbiere. L'inimico audace A gran passi s* avanza < Ama, £yvi , signore. Di Vitaliano uà otator che brama Teco parlar alla tua sposa unito. Ana. Venga t ma pria l'esercito su 1^ armi Tutto sia sposto . Ascolterem costui - QyX air aperta* campagna , ond' ef comprenda , Che pronti siamo ad incontrar la pugna. Vanne e trattieni V orator frattanto. Ama. ( Quando mai si vedrà da questo xrono Scender l'uom vile? Oh trono al mio valore Meglio dovilo ed al mio sangue illustre!) (parte. SCE. Digitized by VjOOQiC fé GIVST2K0. s*c E N A va JlnMst^iéi Jùrijmms, 'Eufèmm^ Qimstmé € s§Ustu Ari, vTIoia ooa Ve , non T*è pt&accie al mondo Senza la trisu compagnia del duolo. Felice io mi dicea » coagiunu ceco > Mio diletto consorte s ecco ad un tratto La mia felicità cangiar d' aspetto » Qmvcrtirsi in uistezza, e il cor d*afiaimi Circondarmi e di pene . Il tuo periglio Sempre mi sta nel cor. De* tuoi nemici Mi spaventa l' orgoglio. Ah! se mi lasci ^ Come viver potrò? Se a fiera pugna» Caio» ti esponi, in ^uai pensier funesti S' agiterà la dubbia mente ? oh dei ! Come soffrir potrò senza seguirti» Vederti andar col nudo ferro al campo? Nò» softrir noi poetò. Seguirti io voglio Dovunque andrai. Anch'io ho valor che basta» Per trattar 1* armi » e riparare i colpi Al petto di colui che di me stessa £* la parte miglior. Azione. No, non raffena. Augusto, un amore che non ha pari. Gl'impeti generosi. Lo riconosco, da un piatto amore la mia fortuna. Io sono grande per te, per te di Grecia il soglio. Premo col piede. Dunque a me solo s'aspetta quella metà che a me donasti, e quella che tu possiedi, dal furor degli empi difenderà e serbarà. Tu resta incanto sola a regnar, che ben tu sola basti. Il vasto impero a regolar del nullo. ATTO II. Acto. Art. Ciò che sarà ver, so che far, devo. Il mio, oh del! No, è arrischiar... Vedi la tua germana. Sembra che abbia desiderio di favellarti. Eufemia, onde io che mesto sono oltre il solito. Fissi a terra le luci turbate, Ancora tremante. Sono io, signore, dal più fatale pericolo. Non ha guari, sorpresa. Oh Dei! Che avrà accinto! Gente armata assai numerosi: i servi miei avviliti fuggirò, e sarò preda di quei barbari, se un forte e valoroso pastor Aona difendeami. Ante, chi gli indegni sono stati? Li conoscerti? Avevano coperti colli maschere i volti. Ove è il pastore che ti salva? Miralo, e colui che vedi. Giovine valoroso, avanza il passo; inchinati ad Augusto e alla sua sposa. Pastor, chi sei? Qui, Giustino è il mio nome. Figlio di Ergasto, io sono di quelle fiere Infelice custode, v Ans. È a me ben noto. (indovina lui stesso) Dove si trova Ergasto? Giù, errando lo vidi Colle lagrime agli occhi andava per queste Desolate campagne. Ah! con quale pena Vide atterrare quella capanna umile Ove nacque, ove crebbe. Oh! con quale duolo Gli alberi di sua mano piantati e colti Gli stampi, la vide Digitized by VjOOQiC GIUSTINO. Vide troncare il legno degli occhi suoi, la serra il cielo A che ha trasportato il suo cordoglio. Non mi oppose all'opera ingiuriosa Dei servi tuoi, che rispettare mi comandasti Al tuo cenno, signore, per altro io solo Basti avere a prospettare da gli empi La capanna e le piante in quella guisa Ch'io solo possa d'una donzella illustre Serbare la vita, e tutelare l'onore. Come altera favella? Ha un'anima in seno Da eroe, non da pastore. Se ascolti, Più penetra nei profondi cor Come ti aggradisce La vita pastora? Cesare, la Todria Più che la stessa morte. Qual sarebbe Il tuo desiderio? Cingere la spada, e in campo Cimentarmi per te. Ans. Valor tanto Merita ben che si premi! Ah, Assai più che Il valore di costui, che cento spade. Vuoi servire fra le mie schiere? Giù, Alta monarca, Questa sola desiderio. Ans, Sarai contenta. Un «dei guerrieri miei da questo punto» Dichiarata già sei. Con opere degne del tuo valore cerca la gloria altrui. Prode eguale. Sappi che grato io sono a premiarti saprò; che ai grandi eccelsi giungerò, benché tra i boschi estranei. Ovunque la virtù trova si faccia venerare sempre, lo non discingolo li vicini pascolo dai lontani superbi. Ma il codardo dai forte, eroe cadendo non cadrà per fortuna al mondo nacque, ma chi tale per virtù al fine si rese. SL CENA VERSO Arianna, Eufemisa, Giustina è grandissima. Ari, Giulode garzonile secondi il cielo pietoso il tuo valore, la tua virtù. Giù. Augusta, sotto gli auspici tuoi pugnare io spero per vincere sempre, e per recarti ai piedi nemici oppressi e debellati insane. Ari. Al tuo che avrai di forta spada adoperata il fianco tuo me consento verrai, che d'uopo avrò di te. Giù. L'onore dei tuoi comandi sarà mia gloria. Ari. Or c'è di vestirsi destino, spoglia virile, e seguire lo sposo, vuoi del forte garzone compagna farmi? Giù. Vedi mai vorrei l'imperatrice? Giù. Invano lo chiedi a me, noi sappiamo. Quando il sapessi non lo direi. Euf. Perché? Giù. Perché insegnamelo il padre mio che mai non parla invano, che fidarsi non si deve dei segreti a donna. Euf. A una donna però che ce lo sola ama. Confidare io potresti. "O1". "Eufemia" dunque. D'Anastasio germana, ama Giustino? Chi non s'accenderebbe al vivo raggio di tanto bella virtù? Ciu. L'amore sospende le azioni. Di Bello amor non ne sono... Attendi prima, che con magnanima opera io giunga a segno di non farti arrossire d'un tale affetto. Che direbbe di te la Grecia, il mondo, se da un vile pastore tu fosti amante? Poiché reso immortalà avrà la fama il nome di Giustino, il mondo allora si scorderà qual egli nacque, e il grado che virtù il pose. Allora Eufemia amare potrà, allora non vi sarà chi dei suo amore ardisca rimproverarla. Ah! con le tue voci, o bella Eufemia, sollecita la sorte a secondarmi. Anch'io sento per te qualche favilla di fuoco nel mio senso; ma lo repressiono. Ma noi l'amo fomento. Addio, mia principessa, forse un giro di torto anima mia. (Finis.) SCENA II. Eufemia, Lucia. Euf. Vuol parlare il pastore di tali pensieri? E capace chi nacque in rozza cuna? Qual portento è mai questo? Ah! che Giustino." Tal non è, qual si è Aperto. Eppure suo padre È il vecchio Ergone. È pur questa, in cui sono, Li Digitale da VJOOQ IC ATTO PRIMO. la certa che sovente il mio Giustino Ideale di sua mano. Ah! si, quel nume Che dal nulla creò cannella e ri varie Stupende costole, non avrà potuto d'amore grande informare rustica spoglia Ma che dici, io rustica spoglia? Un solo da di tutto il principio è eguale materia forma le membra d'un monarca, e forma quelle d'un vile pastore. Il mio Giustino Non è che un'opera piamente perfetta e bella Di provvida natura il cui potere Lo stesso è nelle reggie e nelle selve. Oh! come a tempo tornami alla mente Parte di ciò che avidamente appresi Delle sublimi e delle occulte cose? Sovviene ancora che due diversi oggetti forza occulta congiunge, ed ecco in noi Una prensa di questa violenta forza occulta. Appena il vidi, Di lui m'accesi, e parmi bene che anch'esso si accendesse di me. Come ciò possa attraverso senza un interno eguale principio Che ad amare lo spronasse, Oh sorte ingrata! Non ci tradirà, Non disunirà due corpi Dall'amore congiunti! Tu, grande nume, Ti ch'oppiasti il prodigio, i nostri sogni Serba, seconda, e occhi concedi il frutto. Tal è l'ATTO Frim0^ N 3 ACTO Digitale da VJOOQ le ATTO II. SCENA PRIMA. Padiglione imperiale piantato tra le guardie, presso al fiume si erige il trono per Anastasio ed Arianna. Vitaliano Oh follemente. Dove (Signore), dove t'inoltri? A noi non è lecito Oltrepassare i termini prescritti A questa nostra dimora. Ho ho risolto. Qui voi quali oratore di me incaricato A Cesare parlare. Or chi ci assicura che non vi sia fra tanta gente un solo che vi abbia lapso io te ravvisi? Visi a Greci. Me non videro più da che sottratto in fasce io fui nel di della cogliera dalle mani di Zenone. In finte spoglie con finto nome e simulati accenti chi crederà che Vitaliano si cela? Si può dare si può, ma alfine che avvenir mi potrà? Le armate genti che col favore della già scorsa notte cautemente celammo, ad ogni evento pronte saranno in mia difesa. Ma perdona, signore, questo pericolo evitabile si potrebbe. I sensi tuoi fedelmente da me... No, Polimante, tu non sai la causa che qui mi guida. Odio solo non è, ha parte amore nella impresa ch'io tento. Amore? Qual mai? Belta incatenò. Mirala, e dimmi, se a ragione t'adoro. Fai vedere il ritratto, Tol. In verità se nulla il pennello arbitrò, non vidi al mondo beltà maggiore. Ma di sua bellezza immagine. L'originale qual è? Del mio nemico Eufemia la germana. Il cuore mi accese passione di sua virtù. Questo ritratto terminò di piagarmi. E non chiedesti le nozze di Arianna? Sì, veramente, ma solo per conseguire col suo diritto il trono; e successivamente poi alle mie luci ancora queste amor mi avevano fatto scontare. Ora Eufemia, idi breve famoso. Io chiederò al tuo germano, e fra progetti per la pace futura, il primo o il solo che sarà più facile da dubitare. Che Anastasio mi sdegni di aver cognato o che Eufemia si opponga al mio desiderio. Però, tu che aspiri a Bisanzio al trono, arresti il corso alla gloriosa impresa per una lieve causa. Deh, Vitaliano, torna in te stesso. No, non lusingarti che io trascuri, di dare al cuore amante un dolce conforto. Se il superbo imperatore nega di dartela, allora proverà l'ira mia. Giuro dai cieli balzarlo ed Arianna, e a suo dispetto Eufemia possederla. Ah! non ti fossi acceso mai di questo amore! Pavento qualche tragico fine. Ecco le guardie. Ritiriamoci, signore; non ci ritroveremo Cesare qui. Ti è noto, pur non è lecito preventivare il suo cenno. Ebben, si attende dove credi di oppormici. Si ritirerà. E veramente troppo che più ragione non soffre aver per guida chi ai deliri d'amore si getta in preda. Con versus. SCENA IL Anastasio, Ammiano e intervenienti. Vescovo si rivolge. Signore, quanto imponesti, ecco te lo armi dell'esercito chierato. Ora l'oratore vi venga e s'ascolti. Ma dove è la sposa? Arianna, dove è? Testa la didascalia col nottetempo da sola a solo. Con Giustino. Con Giustino. Il giovane le militari prosegue? Ebbe la spada? Ammiano. Lo ebbe, signore Grecia; il proscritto esulta e spera da sua forza campione di campionare la sua fortuna. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'ocereteatralide12goldgoog_12', 'collection': 'Italian-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1786.0', 'title': 'Ocere teatrali del Sig', 'creator': 'Goldoni, Carlo, 1707-1793', 'language': 'Italian', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '6865', 'token_count': '12645', '__index_level_0__': '47443', 'original_id': '9f3de22653f3a8b28bccd42ec7e73114f69a5c6ee788512e0852cd3b572adcfb'} |
Windows 11 will create heaps of needless trash
The latest announcements for Windows 11 have revealed that the next version of the Windows operating system will have very stringent hardware requirements. Some of them are, in my opinion, quite reasonable. For example, they’re finally dropping support for 32 bit X86 and legacy BIOS boot. These make sense, because almost every PC manufactured since 2011 has supported X64 and UEFI. It also sheds a substantial amount of technical debt and cruft, and simplifies the system slightly. Those are good things, and make sense from a technical perspective.
Even the very controversial TPM requirement could maybe make sense. If Microsoft truly believes that encrypting your drive is going to stop Moldovan teenagers from hitting your PC with ransomware, maybe a TPM is the solution. After all, security is all about feelings rather than safety. If “encryption at rest” makes consumers feel at ease, so be it.
Alas, the truly problematic requirement for Windows 11 is that it will create an unbelievable amount of electronic waste because of its arbitrary CPU specs.
A modest Intel Skylake laptop from 2016 meets all the core requirements. It is 64 bit, supports UEFI, and even contains a hardware TPM 2.0 module on board. Practically nothing has changed in five years when it comes to PCs and laptops, aside from power consumption and battery life. And if Microsoft gets their way, that machine is going straight in the trash.
Even a Haswell system from late 2013 meets most of the requirements. A high end system from that era is comparable to most mid-range systems sold today.
The situation is even worse when you consider the severe global supply chain problems involving microprocessors. We should be extending the lives of existing machines as much as possible right now, encouraging people to purchase new computers right now is irresponsible. There will absolutely be a “boom” in semiconductor manufacturing in a year or two, but now is not the time for this.
Microsoft’s decision to deprecate the majority of consumer hardware is irresponsible and unconscionable. By going forward with the spec for Windows 11, they are directly responsible for an influx of hazardous waste and the environmental damage it will cause. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9358317255973816}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '8196', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AFC3DVCRN2ZBE74Y45OVKI7XIZ3ML4FV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a6010386-f4f4-4bff-96ff-67b2a3286e7e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 12, 53, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.91.6.89', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:X7SN2IQME366GP7XYWYLXIZJN36A6EA2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2c29f7cc-347d-4376-8bf3-e50467412961>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.tefter.io/bookmarks/663883/readable', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c35e427b-daa9-4676-b8c2-7ecd1203c5d8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '369', 'url': 'https://www.tefter.io/bookmarks/663883/readable', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-93\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025995314121246338', 'original_id': '5b954f11a9f0f2fbc9fa8d21bddcd8ab9b226ba2bbfdb9406d5aa75e6ba5c921'} |
Leadership Blog – U is for Upward
Companies want increased sales and profitability; in essence they want to “move up”. However, there are times when a leader should deliberately keep the company in a maintenance mode or even retrench. There may be several reasons to do this but a savvy leader will know that to move a company forward, it may be critical to take a half a step back – to reconfigure equipment; to not over saturate the market which could cannibalize existing products and/or services; or to re-evaluate a business strategy.
The problem with all this is that leaders usually have to answer to others including Board of Directors, shareholders, owners, and even employees. When a business scales back or is discontinued, it may be perceived that a leader did not have the expertise to “move it up” and thus failed. For this reason, leaders may continue to run the business or project for longer than it should be, which would actually have a bigger negative impact on the bottom line than if they had stopped it quicker.
What is the best course of action to determine if a business moves up or out? How is a leader still respected if a business is shut down? There is no easy answer but a leader who is confident, and more importantly, knowledgeable about all facets of the business (see the T blog on transparency and trust) will likely encounter minimal ramifications. Unfortunately, some leaders review the data on a business and have a knee jerk reaction; they make quick decisions that are not well thought out, or they go into “analysis paralysis” mode and drag out the inevitable.
A better strategy would be to solicit information from direct reports and from the more junior people in the organization. The questions should not center just around what is going wrong but also identify what is going right. There may be ways to salvage the business or possibly integrate it into another. It is also important to keep everyone abreast of the findings to minimize discrepancies of different departments or project teams.
Have you been faced with your business floundering and you could not “see the forest through the trees”? If so, a consultant or a person from a different part of the company could be a good resource because he or she would be objective and hopefully offer solutions you had not thought of before. The key to using someone like this is to keep an open mind and not be defensive. It is difficult to admit when things are not working but a good leader will put their ego, etc. aside for the sake of the organization.
Other “U” words to ponder – understanding, understandable, unity, utility, uplift, and upbeat. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '50', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9611114263534546}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33475', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TFVMY5JDXGTQYVITR5U5WRPPC275ILWP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:95408bdb-d7f9-4134-b54d-ee6b23d8e321>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 23, 17, 54, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.227.199.56', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QW5ZGO6I3G3R3ACU24HHYG3ECRP63QP7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:35baa2d3-096d-4555-8848-f8f14d32a8fe>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://bethcarterenterprises.com/leadership-blog-u-is-for-upward/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e124b6ba-c7d0-41f6-8271-aa82faa37094>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '452', 'url': 'https://bethcarterenterprises.com/leadership-blog-u-is-for-upward/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.023080766201019287', 'original_id': '0c66c123b92cc441aed2bf211d3bf6f0d814ada4f66791330b47f9922d911efd'} |
ROCK and Dia have opposing effects on adherens junctions downstream of Rho.
Adherens junctions (AJs) are crucial for maintaining the integrity of epithelial tissues and are often disrupted during tumour progression. Rho family proteins have been shown to regulate adherens junctions. We find that activation of the effector kinase ROCK and acto-myosin contraction disrupts AJs downstream of Rho. In contrast, signalling through the Rho effector Dia1 is required to ensure a dynamically stable interface between cells and the maintenance of adherens junction complexes. The ability of Dia1 to regulate the actin network is crucial for the localization of adherens junction components to the cell periphery. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '74154c3a37f284048ce416da4966e301316e9e4cdd889e4f53b1c8bfc8a3cad8'} |
Spin torque transfer technology, also referred to as spin electronics, which is based on changing magnetic state of the system by momentum transfer from conduction electrons, is a recent development. Spin torque RAM or ST RAM is a non-volatile random access memory application that utilizes spin torque technology. Digital information or data, represented as a “0” or “1”, is storable in the alignment of magnetic moments within a magnetic element. The resistance of the magnetic element depends on the moment's alignment or orientation. The stored state is read from the element by detecting the component's resistive state.
The magnetic element, in general, includes a ferromagnetic pinned layer (PL), and a ferromagnetic free layer (FL), each having a magnetization orientation. A non-magnetic barrier layer is therebetween. The magnetization orientations of the free layer and the pinned layer define the resistance of the overall magnetic element. Usually the orientation of the PL is fixed by the strong exchange coupling of an antiferromagnetic layer which is immediate contact with the PL. The resistance is changed by changing the orientation of the FL. One particular type of such an element is what is referred to as a “spin tunneling junction,” “magnetic tunnel junction cell”, “spin torque memory cell”, and the like. When the magnetization orientations of the free layer and pinned layer are parallel, the resistance of the element is low (RL). When the magnetization orientations of the free layer and the pinned layer are antiparallel, the resistance of the element is high (RH). The magnetization orientation is switched by passing a current perpendicularly through the layers. The current direction is different for writing “1” or ‘0”. To write “1” (RH) the current flows from the PL to FL, and reversed to flow from FL to PL to write “0” (RL).
Many magnetic elements store only two states or data bits, i.e., “0” and “1”. Some magnetic elements, often referred to as multi-bit elements, are configured to store multiple states or data bits, i.e., four bits “00”, “01”, “10” and “11”. One configuration for a four bit multi-bit element has two magnetic tunnel junctions combined, so that the magnetic element has two free layers and two pinned layers. The two free layers have different resistances, so that four different resistances are available for the overall resistance of the element. Other designs of multi-bit elements can be used. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'acca18c90d1090f3225ba4b9d79620a6a3f0fa2aef3f21ada769f8d809ba93c4'} |
Medical management of pelvic relaxation.
Although most gynecologists consider surgery to be the treatment of choice for pelvic relaxation, there are many non-surgical forms of therapy for this problem and conditions which it may produce, such as urinary incontinence. This review highlights the importance of properly diagnosing co-existent factors which may complicate a patient's condition, and reviews therapies which may relieve her discomfort without surgery. These options include manipulation of concurrent medical factors, estrogen therapy, pelvic muscle rehabilitation through exercise and electrical stimulation, prompted voiding regimens, and the use of supportive pessaries. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e110e072f535dc5cbebc4d667832f5a4f5d81670357364de6670eb7ca98f2e31'} |
You can place an order now and we will send†if more arrive back into stock.
We will not charge your credit card until the model is dispatched.
Following Apollo 8ís successful orbit of the Moon late in 1968, the next mission linked the Command/Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM) together as a complete Apollo system. The LM had not been ready in time for the preceding flight, but on 3 March 1969 it took off on a ten-day low Earth orbit, propelled into space by a Saturn V SA-504 rocket booster. The mission was significant in that it was the first manned flight of an LM, the first docking took place and it featured the first two-man spacewalk. The mission was able to test various procedures, backpack life support systems, docking manoeuvers & the LM engines in preparation for the eventual Moon landing of Apollo 11. Apollo 9 thus proved that orbital rendezvous was feasible, something essential for a Moon landing. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd1fd764457b73964439e725682d0a999b7ab3aa36a8562f66faa4623d6957879'} |
Quitting with style
March 13, 1991
Orioles pitcher Jim Palmer, the 45-year-old Hall of Famer who bucked convention to make a comeback after six seasons away from the game, sadly acknowledged yesterday that it's just not in the cards.
After two disastrous innings against the Boston Red Sox in an exhibition game Monday, Palmer conceded yesterday that he had gotten a severe hamstring injury in practice, and he just won't be able to carry on. It's easy to admire his decision, given the physical punishment an athlete of any age must endure in training, and the ridicule so often meted out by fair-weather fans to those who insist on learning the hard way it's time to quit.
Palmer had a lot of people rooting for him who thought they saw in his improbable comeback a universal metaphor for renewal. After all, Jack Nicklaus won the Masters one more time when he was approaching 50. If Jim Palmer could do it, by God, so could they. Maybe the realization that his fans needed him to pull it off for the sake of their own self-esteem as much as for his made ending it all so tough.
Palmer made his point. He is a champ, not a quitter. Now he just doesn't have to prove it anymore, not even to himself.
Baltimore Sun Articles | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '16', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9832321405410768}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '34953', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3PRNMD7CQPOVNBADLMXPCO3MY5YGSSVM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:220da562-8cd7-428d-a82c-ebea57e79484>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 22, 4, 43, 56), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.32.204', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2LDQAZAY7UZDL2GJL6VCHDD5HHJ35KJR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fa5b8f1a-1575-407b-a3b2-420094d01de8>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-13/news/1991072190_1_jim-palmer-make-a-comeback-universal-metaphor', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:c5c357e2-120a-49c9-b9cc-c5857209c68d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '246', 'url': 'http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-03-13/news/1991072190_1_jim-palmer-make-a-comeback-universal-metaphor', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-241-238.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03103417158126831', 'original_id': '9271966376e42ad66e99a5cd331dca11e2e2caea62aaaa1b0dc438ae7cd3f8f8'} |
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<h1>Unseen Studios</h1>
<p>Game Development and More<br /><a href="index.html">http://unseenstudios.com/community/</a></p>
<h2>A different type of teleport idea..</h2>
<p><a href="viewtopic9bd7.html">http://unseenstudios.com/community/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=1509</a></p>
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<h3>A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Fri May 01, 2009 4:39 am</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>Rabit561</strong></div>
<div class="content">Idk when this idea popped into my head, but here it is..<br /><br />The only way I can explain it is the when in the old cartoons where someone would throw a black hole onto the ground/on a wall they would jump into it and be somewhere else..<br /><br />Well I thought it would be pretty cool to have a teleport like that.. Not just simply a black hole, add some nice special effects with it of course ;P<br /><br />Just thought having more then just the simple door couldn't hurt.. Variation is the key in most RPG's</div>
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<h3>Re: A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Fri May 01, 2009 7:31 am</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>Karl G.</strong></div>
<div class="content">Hey that's a nifty idea! It's like Portal <img src="images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" alt=":)" title="Smile" /><br /><br />Do you think it would just be like a normal port spell, or were you imagining something else?</div>
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<h3>Re: A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Fri May 01, 2009 7:51 am</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>marzuku</strong></div>
<div class="content">i always loved the nightcrawler from x-mens teleportation, black smoke from original spot and on the port spot.<br />with a little smoke on the spot if you are a smart player you could track down the player whom had teleported before you but you would have to be fast.<br /><br />it would be like tracking down an enemy based on his own magic side effects.</div>
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<h3>Re: A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Fri May 01, 2009 11:54 am</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>Rabit561</strong></div>
<div class="content"><blockquote><div><cite>Karl G. wrote:</cite>Hey that's a nifty idea! It's like Portal <img src="images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" alt=":)" title="Smile" /><br /><br />Do you think it would just be like a normal port spell, or were you imagining something else?</div></blockquote><br /><br />I was thinking more like many different kinds of portals.. still with marks (mark1, mark2, mark3, ect) but you can choose how your character makes it's portals.. Either the door, the black hole, maybe others if you can come up with some other special effects ;D<br /><br /><br /><blockquote><div><cite>marzuku wrote:</cite>i always loved the nightcrawler from x-mens teleportation, black smoke from original spot and on the port spot.<br />with a little smoke on the spot if you are a smart player you could track down the player whom had teleported before you but you would have to be fast.<br /><br />it would be like tracking down an enemy based on his own magic side effects.</div></blockquote><br /><br />Ahha I <3 <3 <3 that idea so so so much <img src="images/smilies/icon_mrgreen.gif" alt=":mrgreen:" title="Mr. Green" /> <img src="images/smilies/icon_mrgreen.gif" alt=":mrgreen:" title="Mr. Green" /> <img src="images/smilies/icon_mrgreen.gif" alt=":mrgreen:" title="Mr. Green" /> <img src="images/smilies/icon_mrgreen.gif" alt=":mrgreen:" title="Mr. Green" /> <br /><br /><br />All I'm saying is that having different kinds of Special Effects or layouts for spells is a good idea..<br /><br />Like changing beams color.. Maybe even the Egg<br /><br />But either way I would love to see different versions of the spells..</div>
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<h3>Re: A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Thu May 07, 2009 7:49 pm</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>sandalhat</strong></div>
<div class="content">Personally, i agree that changing the way the spells look would be awesome, but as of right now beam kinda looks weird, the fact that its yellow and comes out of the genital area...i mean...its pretty self explanatory, and about egg i think that it would be nice to keep that basic concept but to beef it up and make it look awesome. i was trying to think of another way to make egg look, but i drew a blank.</div>
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<h3>Re: A different type of teleport idea..</h3>
<div class="date"><img src="styles/prosilver/imageset/icon_post_target.gif" width="11" height="9" alt="Post" title="Post" />Posted: <strong>Thu May 07, 2009 7:57 pm</strong></div>
<div class="author">by <strong>Rabit561</strong></div>
<div class="content"><blockquote><div><cite>sandalhat wrote:</cite>Personally, i agree that changing the way the spells look would be awesome, but as of right now beam kinda looks weird, the fact that its yellow and comes out of the genital area...i mean...its pretty self explanatory, and about egg i think that it would be nice to keep that basic concept but to beef it up and make it look awesome. i was trying to think of another way to make egg look, but i drew a blank.</div></blockquote><br /><br />I always liked the way DBZ made their aura.. The kind of Fiery/Glow look is pretty cool looking, I don't think Evidyon needs to go with the same spell build.. I think you can still make it feel like Xen, and still add some neat stuff/make it look better..</div>
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</html> | the_stack | {'hexsha': '4d652a8a494676257ddc2def8eade4b5c43b3dfd', 'size': '8828', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'community/viewtopic3a69.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'karlgluck/evidyon.com', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '41ca5d68b414fa64e444fcc65bb22644bd6b5b16', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'community/viewtopic3a69.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'karlgluck/evidyon.com', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '41ca5d68b414fa64e444fcc65bb22644bd6b5b16', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'community/viewtopic3a69.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'karlgluck/evidyon.com', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '41ca5d68b414fa64e444fcc65bb22644bd6b5b16', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '', 'avg_line_length': '88.28', 'max_line_length': '1663', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.7042365202', 'original_id': '710f7545df33cd36e97b6f452f7c07ad351823a13f6db0e63c036c68071e6a63'} |
Some SIlent Hill Homecoming gameplay footage. To head your whining off at the pass: yes, the graphics look like a PS2 on a bad day, but this is supposedly taken from very early code. Yes, there's a narrator. Guy's from a Russian mag, Igromania. So he's speaking Russian. Just enjoy the fact you get double the subtitles and hear the game called "Saileent Heeeeeeeeeeeeaall" and you'll get through the next 13:29 just fine. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '54', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.955637514591217}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '710594', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:V4BCMVGM62RQF7VXAL6TOMXGWE7IZWYH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:527775c1-1ddc-4ce7-98c5-6a2a58fe98cd>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 21, 6, 24), 'WARC-IP-Address': '151.101.2.166', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Z62VBLZ3LM2L5FWZ5JLX2KV4XHEWTI25', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:696acfc5-febc-4bfe-9361-691717bf223a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://kotaku.com/397961/silent-hill-homecoming-footage-is-fit-like-ox-strong-like-tractor', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e0a9a28a-5386-405f-b949-548917fd588e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '72', 'url': 'https://kotaku.com/397961/silent-hill-homecoming-footage-is-fit-like-ox-strong-like-tractor', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-234-169.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.8164845705032349', 'original_id': '21c17d0e709a610631de179fd88ec727932f1189ec8a485410995737de35a4ed'} |
Wanted gangster of UP arrested in Delhi
New Delhi; Delhi Police Crime Branch today arrested a dreaded gangster of Uttar Pradesh, who was carrying a reward of Rs 50,000 on his head and was involved in cases of murder, robbery, kidnapping and extortion.
According to the police, Javed Salim (34), who hails from Rataul village in Baghpat district of Uttar Pradesh and carrying a a reward of Rs 50,000 on his head, was arrested from near Shyam Lal college in north-east Delhi.
"Our police team received a tip off on July 9 that Javed might come near Shyam Lal college to meet one of his accomplices following which a trap was laid.
As per the information received by the South-Eastern range of Crime Branch, Javed was suspected to be planning to commit a crime in Delhi at some hide out in North-East Delhi.
"We laid a trap and consequently, he was nabbed from the area. One pistol and four live cartridges have been recovered from his possession," Ravindra Yadav, Joint Commissioner of Police, Delhi Police said today.
During the interrogation, it surfaced that Javed, a school dropout, was running an extortion racket and he had, at several occasions, extorted hefty sums of money from businessmen who didn't complain to the police fearing the consequences, police said.
According to the police Javed was earlier arrested by UP police who was wanted in a case of murder and two cases of attempt to murder and extortion.
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12 Absolutely Hilarious Elevator Notes
Christine from L.A. spotted this rather harsh version in the elevator of a 7-story university residence hall.
This looks like a fine building.
Time travel is possible in NY.
Apple would appreciate that info.
Seriously people, the elevator is no place for Dics.
A refreshingly honest flyer about why the elevator isn't remotely fixed.
This was taken by screenwriter Leslie Rann in the elevator of her LA apartment complex. It's hilarious how they explain the exact science of the smell moving around. It should really say, “Please do not remove head from ass while in elevator. We prefer all your holes to be plugged while in public places.”
The guys who live on floors one through four must be in amazing shape from constantly opting to take the stairs. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '37', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9601391553878784}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '83808', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:N44XDNNC3F5NB7GBZP56QR52GGZSSM4W', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b6eeea97-d75c-4320-9e6c-dd94918d1a43>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 22, 10, 11, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.25.236.102', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YWQSKHBIWB4SV7I55ZB5P44KHMCQFEOV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:4ecdc5e8-5fc4-4cdf-8445-30c7c48a8634>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.oddee.com/item_98315.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:2074fd71-0251-4715-9c09-4de31ba10b4c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '167', 'url': 'https://www.oddee.com/item_98315.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-230-181-38.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10357850790023804', 'original_id': '4bb0b1451be05f5ab817b069532862cab0bded2d2716fe3f875856aabc23db18'} |
Compact spectrometer focusing apparatus
ABSTRACT
A spectrometer focusing apparatus is provided that includes a hollow cylinder for x-rays to traverse a length thereof, a defracting element configured as a ring on an interior circumference of a portion of the hollow cylinder, at least one disk having an edge defining a circle aligned with the defracting element, and an aperture formed between the defracting element and the edge of the at least one disk.
PRIORITY
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/332,118 filed on May 5, 2016, the entire content of which isincorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND 1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to x-ray spectroscopy and, moreparticularly, to an apparatus for focusing a von Hamos type crystalx-ray spectrometer, and a method for operation of same.
2. Description of the Related Art
X-ray detectors fall into three general categories. Counting detectorsdo not discriminate different x-ray energy, i.e., wavelength.Energy-dispersive detectors, e.g., solid-state silicon or germanium, candiscriminate x-ray energy with a limited resolution of approximately 150eV. These two types of x-ray detectors are relatively simple and easy touse. Diffractive detection employs crystal spectrometers of variousgeometries, with energy resolution greater than 1 eV.
However, diffractive detection devices are generally large, complex andexpensive.
An x-ray spectrometer is an optical device used to resolve and selectdifferent x-ray photon energies. The x-ray spectrometer operates byusing a diffractive crystal which, for any given angle, diffracts x-raysof a specific energy according to the Bragg equation (a):wavelength=2d sin Θ, (1)where d is crystallographic spacing of the diffracting crystal, and Θ isan angle that the x-ray is incident on the crystallographic plane.
A von Hamos x-ray spectrometer includes an x-ray source defined by arectangular slit, a cylindrically bent crystal, and a position sensitivedetector located on a crystal axis of curvature. The crystal is bentcylindrically around a horizontal axis, parallel to a direction ofdispersion. The crystal provides focusing in a vertical direction. Afront surface of the detector, the slit axis and the axis of curvatureare all positioned along a same vertical plane. For a fixed position ofthe components, an incident x-ray location on the detector correspondsgeometrically to a particular Bragg angle and therefore to a particularx-ray energy.
J. Hoszowska, et al., High resolution von Hamos Crystal x-raySpectrometer, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 376 (1996) 129, discloses a von Hamosspectrometer that uses a segment of cylindrically curved crystal tofocus diffracted x-rays along a line, with different energies diffractedat different positions along the line. The different energies areselected by tuning an aperture along the line or using a detectorcapable of spatially resolving intensity along the line.
The von Hamos geometry permits the spectrometer to collect data over anenergy bandwidth (30-300 eV), limited primarily by the detector length,for one position of the components thereof. Study of a greater energyinterval is performed by adjusting a central Bragg angle by translationof the crystal and corresponding translation of the detector along theiraxes. Different crystals are used at different angular specifications toallow the spectrometer to observe x-rays in an expanded energy rangefrom 0.547 to 16.8 keV.
U.S. Publ. No. 2009/0252294 of O'Hara discloses a scanning von Hamostype x-ray spectrometer in which a crystal is bent into a cylindricalsurface, with the source and detector plane on an axis of the cylinder.O'Hara selects energy, i.e., wavelength, by scanning a set of aperturesto limit the angle that x-rays pass to the diffractor. When the deviceof O'Hara scans, the detector position remains at a single point offocus.
However, conventional systems lack portability and are complex in therequired operation and control of numerous components. Also,conventional systems diffract from a same place along the diffractor,eliminating any variation in efficiency that might arise fromdifferences along the diffractor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To resolve the drawbacks and disadvantages of conventional systems, theapparatus and method of the present disclosure provides a portabledevice that uses only an apparatus formed along a perimeter of a disk tolimit an angle of incidence, and selects energy by scanning an entiredetector/spectrometer assembly toward or away from a sample.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a medium resolution,i.e., 10-100 eV, spectrometer is provided that includes a hollowcylinder for x-rays to traverse a length thereof, a defracting elementconfigured as a ring on an interior circumference of a portion of thehollow cylinder, at least one disk having an edge defining a circlealigned with the defracting element, and an aperture formed between thedefracting element and the edge of the at least one disk.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the presentinvention will be more apparent from the following detailed descriptionwhen taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a profile view illustrating components of an embodiment of anapparatus of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing energy resolution of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;
FIG. 3 is an expanded view of FIG. 1 that illustrates an angle of energybandpass of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is profile view of an interior of an embodiment of the apparatusof the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the apparatus of thepresent disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the apparatus of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure; and
FIG. 7 is a graph of experimental results utilizing the apparatus of thepresent disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail withreference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed descriptions ofconstructions or processes known in the art may be omitted to avoidobscuring the subject matter of the present disclosure. Further, in thefollowing description of the present disclosure, various specificdefinitions found in the following description are provided to provide ageneral understanding of the present disclosure, and it is apparent tothose skilled in the art that the present disclosure can be implementedwithout such definitions.
FIG. 1 is a profile view illustrating components of an embodiment of anapparatus of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1, a spectrometerfocusing apparatus is provided that includes a hollow cylinderconfigured for x-rays to traverse a length thereof. A defracting element120 (FIG. 4), e.g., a crystal, defines an interior circumference on aportion of the hollow cylinder. At least one disk 110 is provided havingan edge defining a circle aligned with the defracting element 120. Anaperture 115 (FIG. 4) is formed between the defracting element and theedge of the at least one disk 110.
The spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 is provided for use with amedium resolution, i.e., 10-100 eV, spectrometer, and uses a defractingelement 120 that is bent along an interior portion of a complete innercircumference of the hollow cylinder 320 (FIGS. 5-6), forming a ring.Energy is selected by translation of the apparatus along a line, i.e.,an optic axis 140, from a position S1, S2, S3 of an x-ray source 150 toa detector 160, with a position of the x-ray source 150 (FIG. 3)defining an angle of incidence of x-rays transmitted from the sourcethrough the aperture 115 to the detector 160. The same ring is used forall energies transmitted through the apparatus.
In the apparatus of the present disclosure, the Bragg angle is notselected at a focus. Rather, the Bragg angle is selected at the crystal,using an opaque disk spaced apart from a surface of the crystal.
A distance D1, D2, D3 between the disk 110 and a position S1, S2, S3 ofthe source 150 defines an angle of incidence, and consequently defines acorresponding energy. Diffracted x-rays are measured by the detector160, which is positioned downstream from the disk 110 and the source150.
In FIG. 1, a distance between detector 160 and disk 110 is fixed. Thedistance between the detector 160 and the source (S1, S2, S3) allows forportability of the spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 and facilitatesattachment of the spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 to variousdetector types, with the spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 beingconfigured to directly mount onto the detector 160. The cylinder 320 isconfigured to attach to one of a counting detector, an energy-dispersivedetector, and a Canberra Ge solid-state detector. When attached to thedetector, improved energy resolution of the spectrometer is realized ofapproximately 10 eV to 100 eV, without adding any moving parts.
As the detector 160 and spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 are movedtoward a source 150, the angle of incidence increases and the diffractedx-rays are focused short of the detector 160, with the x-rays stillbeing measured by the detector 160. When the spectrometer focusingapparatus 100 and detector 160 are moved farther away from one of aplurality of positions (S1, S2, S3) of a source, the angle of incidencedecreases and the diffracted x-rays are focused past the detector 160,with the x-rays still being measured by the detector 160.
The distance S1, S2, S3 from the source 150 to the disk 110 is thencalibrated to photon energy using Equations (2) and (3):energy=12.4/2d*sin(angle) (2)tan(angle)=radius of crystal ring/source distance (3)
For a crystal with known crystallographic spacing, a finite range ofenergy is identified for a given distance between the disk 110 and thedetector 160, based on an active area of the detector 160. An accessibleenergy range is determined based on a range of angles that allow thediffracted x-rays to strike the active area of the detector. The rangeis shifted by changing a distance between the disk 110 and the detector150. Ranges can also be accessed by choosing crystals with differentcrystallographic spacings, with an accessible energy range being variedby changing the defracting element to a defracting element havingdifferent crystallographic spacings. Other thin crystal materials can bebent into the cylinder, and less flexible materials can be segmentedinto a number of flats oriented into the cylinder, with only a slightdegradation in resolution and throughput.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing energy resolution of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.
In FIG. 2, energy and throughput are shown on the x and y axes,respectively. Energy resolution, or sharpness of the edges of a bandpasswindow, is a function of source size, owing to the slight spread ofangles coming from different parts of the source however small, asillustrated at the far left of FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 is an expanded view of FIG. 1 that illustrates an angle of energybandpass of the present disclosure. The angle of energy bandpass is arange of energies diffracted by the crystal 120, as a function of theincident angle. FIG. 3 shows an aperture 115 between the disk 110 andthe crystal 120, and a thickness of the disk 110. The thickness of thedisk 110 can vary, or the disk can be split into thinner pieces withadjustable spacing therebetween. Changing a thickness of the disk 110changes energy broadcast to the detector 160, and changes the angle ofincidence, with the accessible energy range being determined based on arange of angles that are determined to allow diffracted x-rays to strikethe active area of the detector 160.
As shown in FIG. 4, which provides a profile view of an interior of anembodiment of the apparatus of the present disclosure, a plurality ofdisks 110 a, 110 b are provided. Each of the plurality of disks 110 a,110 b has an edge defining a respective circle that aligns with thedefracting element 120. One disk 110 a is movable with respect to theother disk 110 b along the optical axis 140 of the hollow cylinder 320.The angle of incidence changes by varying the distance between the twodisks 110 a, 110 b, i.e., separating the edge of a first disk 110 a awayfrom or closer to the edge of the second disk 110 b. Varying thedistance between the two disks 110 a, 110 b adjusts the angle or rangeof angles, and modifies the energy bypass to tune the bandpass to matchspecific applications and to enhance versatility and match additionalapplications.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an apparatus of the present disclosure.FIG. 6 is a front view of an apparatus of the present disclosure.
As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, a hole 310 traverses a center of theapparatus. The hole 310 is preferably plugged when the spectrometer isin use. The spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 is mounted onto adetector 160 using the hole 310 by screw or similar attachment. Thespectrometer focusing apparatus 100 has a length of several inches and awidth of approximately half the length, and is approximately ten timessmaller than conventional spectrometers.
The apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 3-6 includes a diffracting element, e.g., acrystal, that forms an inner circumference of a cylinder 320 of thespectrometer 100. The diffracting element and an outer edge of the disk110 are provided on the optic axis 140 to define an aperture 115 havinga uniform circular shape. The diffracting element and the outer edge ofthe disk 110 are provided at a same position along a length of thecylinder 320. The disk 110 fills a portion of an interior of thecylinder 320, with the edge of the disk 110 positioned transverse to alengthwise direction of the cylinder 320 that corresponds to the opticaxis 140.
The disk 110 is positioned adjacent to the diffracting element 120, withan aperture 115 formed between the diffracting element 120 and the edgeof the disk 110, to permit electron passage from the source to thedetector, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
Energy is selected by adjusting a distance between the spectrometer andthe sample, thereby determining the angle, while the detector can bestationary or can attach to and travel with the spectrometer.
Accordingly, a compact apparatus is provided that improves mediumresolution energy resolution, i.e., approximately 10 to 100 eV, ofconventional counting or energy-dispersive detectors, and provides asimple and cost-effective way to discriminate between x-ray fluorescenceor emission energies that are less than 150 eV apart, for bothsynchrotron-based and laboratory sources.
The spectrometer focusing apparatus uses only one or more disks to limitthe angle of incidence, and energy is selected by scanning an entireassembly of the detector and spectrometer focusing apparatus. Thescanning is performed toward or away from the sample, providing anadvantage of only having to control one motion, thereby simplifyingoperation. An additional advantage that is provided is only specifying asingle point of diffraction along the diffractor, thereby eliminatingvariation in efficiency that can arise from inconsistencies along thediffractor. Another advantage is providing a simplified structure thatcan be readily affixed to various commercial detectors, in alignmentwith a sample position, to scan energy/wavelength simply by moving thedetector toward or away from the sample, without adding moving parts tooperability over energy ranges that do not depend on precisely equaldiffraction at different positions along a defracting element, such as asingle crystal ring that can be used for all energy ranges.
The spectrometer focusing apparatus operates with simple counting orsolid state detectors, and does not require more expensive specializedstrip or area detectors.
FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating results of testing utilizing thespectrometer focusing apparatus 100. The testing was conducted byattaching spectrometer focusing apparatus 100 to a Canberra Gesolid-state detector. A source was provided of Ni Ka (and Kb)fluorescence from a roughly 10 micron spot illuminated by higher-energyx-rays in an x-ray fluorescence microprobe. The spectrometer-to-sampledistance was varied while monitoring the Ni Ka and Kb signal reachingthe detector.
FIG. 7 shows intensity in arbitrary units versus position of thespectrometer focusing apparatus, with energy decreasing to the right ofFIG. 7.
In FIG. 7, line 420 corresponds to Ni Ka fluorescence, and lines 410correspond to Ni Kb fluorescence, which is about 800 eV higher energy,demonstrating that the spectrometer focusing apparatus can successfullyisolate the two different fluorescence energies. The Ka peak has a width(full width at half maximum) of about 135 eV, which is significantlybetter than the energy resolution of a Ge detector (approximately 165eV, FWHM). The structured intensity shown in FIG. 7 just outside themain peak is due to imperfect test alignment. However, throughput, i.e.,efficiency, is on the order of 0.2% of the total fluorescence that the100 square mm detector area would see from the same source.
While the disclosure has been shown and described with reference tocertain embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled inthe art that various changes in form and detail may be made thereinwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as definedby the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
What is claimed is:
1. A spectrometer focusing apparatus, the apparatuscomprising: a hollow cylinder configured for x-rays to traverse a lengththereof; a defracting element configured as a ring on an interiorcircumference of a portion of the hollow cylinder; at least two disks,each disk having an edge defining a respective circle; and an apertureformed between the defracting element and the edge of the first disk ofthe at least two disks, wherein the first disk of the at least two disksis movable with respect to an other disk of the at least two disks alongan optical axis of the hollow cylinder.
2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the aperture is circular shaped.
3. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the cylinder is configured to attach to one of a countingdetector, an energy-dispersive detector, and a Canberra Ge solid-statedetector.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an accessible energyrange is varied by changing the defracting element to a defractingelement having different crystallographic spacings.
5. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein an angle of incidence changes by varying a distanceseparating the at least two disks.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein,when attached to a detector, the apparatus is configured to improveenergy resolution of the spectrometer by approximately 10 eV to 100 eV.7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein an accessible energy range isdetermined based on a range of angles that are determined to allowdiffracted x-rays to strike an active area of the detector.
8. Theapparatus of claim 6, wherein a position of an x-ray source defines anangle of incidence of x-rays transmitted from the x-ray source throughthe aperture to the detector.
9. A method for focusing a spectrometer,the method comprising: affixing a cylinder to one of a countingdetector, an energy-dispersive detector, and a Canberra Ge solid-statedetector, wherein the cylinder comprises: a hollow configured for x-raysto traverse a length thereof, a defracting element configured as a ringon an interior circumference of a portion of the hollow, at least twodisks, each disk having an edge defining a respective circle, and anaperture formed between the defracting element and the edge of the firstdisk of the at least two disks, and changing an angle of incidence byvarying a distance separating the at least two disks.
10. The method ofclaim 9, wherein the aperture is circular shaped.
11. The method ofclaim 9, wherein energy resolution of the spectrometer is improved byapproximately 10 eV to 100 eV.
12. The method of claim 9, wherein anaccessible energy range is varied by changing crystallographic spacingsof the defracting element.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the firstdisk of the at least two disks is movable with respect to an other diskof the at least two disks along an optical axis of the hollow..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'US-201715587810-A_1', 'collection': 'USPTO', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '2017.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '3105', 'token_count': '4375', '__index_level_0__': '35137', 'original_id': '461f021d9f2500aaafcdc0c8479dd0e6b41a11eada8b771b1930ee06f69b796e'} |
Saturday, March 7, 2009
It's been a long time since I've posted. But now our computer has been reformatted and even though we don't have hi-speed internet, I'll try to do some catch-up. There are several pictures, even though I haven't been taking as many because my camera became full with no good place to put the pictures!! and I wasn't blogging!!
This is the house God provided. It has 4 bedrooms upstairs, a huge living room and dining room that we are using to capacity.
The picture isn't really good but you can get an idea of how big the living room is from it. This is our family Christmas. Here's Davey, our oldest grandson.
And here's his little brother, Dandan
The Drummonds minus Jason, Bethany's husband, at the Drummond Christmas gathering in Delaware with Dave's mom.
For our main Christmas this year for ourselves, our children and our parents, we rented a couple cabins in Indiana so that everyone could visit my parents without making them work to put anyone up at their house. Here's Mother.
A picture of the loft in one of the cabins . . . Andy's reading.
Charity got an Irish hoodie from Nathan for her birthday. Here's the "Nathan-glow."
A yearly project for Christian Ed majors at Penn View is to make a miniature classroom. This is Charity's--a reproduction of our Kid's Klub room in Ukraine. (Katrina, how does it look?)Notice the detail in the cabinets, prizes, songs, (including the butterfly)and pencils.
Allona and Vova have been inviting friends over each Friday night if they've shown good effort and attitude in school during the week.
Allona and Alana
Vova and Cody
Charity, Dave and Allona have all been sick, in that order and degree the last few days.
Here's Charity sending/receiving text messages from Nathan.
Today Kirk fixed a huge country breakfast for all the family and guests. And I'll write a separate post about an answer to prayer. That pretty much brings me up to date with some of the highlights. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9668816328048706}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '57892', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AVKEZYOLOP4CKNBI355DY4F4TETVGPND', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0f7cf296-3382-41f1-902d-5cd5b15c4143>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 7, 35, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7HR4AIGA3AGE3BM57G3CQFMQAU73ZOOD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d5a0b430-ff54-4604-891f-1354880afb3b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://osikova.blogspot.com/2009/03/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:84ee0cd9-5cbe-443a-ad16-3020fc7f3031>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '335', 'url': 'http://osikova.blogspot.com/2009/03/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-228-146-196.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05620992183685303', 'original_id': '1c064cf04a9996fffa5e60b846260bdbf5f7ea8ec2203c17fc0dedfbc8cd8f63'} |
Omelet paratha.
Omelet paratha Omelet paratha very diverse and have mind taste that unique. Few types of Omelet paratha recipes are also enough easy to process and dont pick up long. Although not everybody likes Omelet paratha food, nowadays few people are get attached and like the various Omelet paratha foods available. This can be visible from the number of restaurants that supply Omelet paratha as one of the serving. You can have Omelet paratha using 8 ingredients and 5 steps. Here is how you achieve it.
Ingredients of Omelet paratha
1. You need 3 of eggs.
2. It's 3 tbsp of Spring onion.
3. You need 1/4 tsp of Salt.
4. Prepare 1/4 tsp of Red chilli.
5. It's 1/4 tsp of Haldi.
6. It's 4 of chopped Green chilli.
7. It's of Handful Coriander.
8. It's 3 balls of Flour for paratha.recipe has mentioned before in my recipes.
Omelet paratha instructions
1. First make ball roll with rolling pin add desi ghee and then cut from center and keep rolling and make again a ball to make paratha..
2. Again Roll with rolling pin in circle and put on tawa as one side is half cook turn it's side and put desi ghee..
3. Now mix all ingredients in egg add 5 tbsp water in egg beat it.and put on pan.
4. Then half cook paratha put on it cook one side then with spatula turn it's side cook other side your paratha omelet is ready..
5. Then serve hot. My kids love too eat in breakfast..
Obtain ingredients for making Omelet paratha recipes is also not hard. You can easily get the main ingredients at the proximate supermarket and indeed on the market. There are much types of Omelet paratha that are simple and quick to process into delicious dishes. You can always praxis this Omelet paratha recipe at home, and can presenting it to your children and extended family. If you wish to cook different foods on our website, we prepare various types of food recipes which are of course very delicious and enjoyable to enjoy, please try them. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '49', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9334660768508912}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '134773', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GPTG7GZTY6D2QVXOFAE6N6PU63TRHV6J', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ffb1a686-95e6-44fa-ba6d-fb60969fb962>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 26, 13, 39, 42), 'WARC-IP-Address': '142.251.16.121', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZOHCUKEJHBBGF65PNDL76VVGYBUNDSOP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:32787215-6213-4b52-95ef-089f2e03a2e7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.cooksize.biz/2022/06/easiest-way-to-make-perfect-omelet.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:23069b98-7923-44ee-9012-523c77414448>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '353', 'url': 'https://www.cooksize.biz/2022/06/easiest-way-to-make-perfect-omelet.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-16\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5819844603538513', 'original_id': '816314145a519dc6b0da611cdad7425736db44f2341df607a06db2892d8bc669'} |
Funny human frailties
1) I'm watching the bun desperately try to stick his thumb in his mouth. He really, really wants to suck on it, but doesn't have enough motor control over his fingers to open his hand up and get a hold of it. So he sticks his whole fist in, although clearly it's not good enough. Then he squeaks in frustration. And I both want to help him and laugh. 2) I'm jealous of my husband. When he goes out with the bun, the other parents all talk to him delightedly. I think it's the "doting father" effect. When I go out with the bun, I'm just another mother out with her kid and not very interesting. People love to see men with their kids. Any single men out there reading this should totally rent a baby for an afternoon and go to a park. Instant chick magnet.
3) I need to join a baby group, or play thingie or something, but I'm chicken and fairly anti-social. However I also recognize the necessity of both socializing the kid, and talking to someone other than the bun lest my conversational skills drop to primitive grunts and one word sentences. Are there parent groups that emphasize crankiness, dry wit, sardonic perspectives, and a love of cheap wine? No? Pity. I may have to start one. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9846804141998292}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '67806', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:D5756A4BWWA3K3C4BCOFDNIPNSI2A7N2', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bca6d417-2dbd-4a59-9cd4-4eeae226d2e0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 19, 17, 36, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:2ZPRZL4SQ4C3P6K7G5PMMF6FRIE2MJI6', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:92db6572-8945-466b-9590-54cb699ec4e1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://ominousrabbit.com/oldrabbits/2004/03/08/funny-human-frailties', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:432b3a06-f67e-4d01-bb45-7e654d53acb5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '224', 'url': 'https://ominousrabbit.com/oldrabbits/2004/03/08/funny-human-frailties', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-155-175-115.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09320884943008423', 'original_id': '2fe244aebef49f8874a74c78e1c449d9d9e8c513c49cfeefd0a190308722ade7'} |
Forecasters saw little change in their weather data over the weekend. "The weekend models drifted around with [Sunday] morning leaning toward the demand gain side and yesterday afternoon tilted flat or a slight loss," said Matt Rogers, president of Commodity Weather Group, in a morning report to clients.
"Last night edged a bit cooler on the European ensemble across the Midwest and Northeast, especially for the 11-15 day, as the main warmth remains more focused -- and a bit stronger at times -- along the southern tier. Adding a few more southern CDDs along with a few more northern HDDs helps to inch the overall total degree day count higher in the 11-15 day, although some warmer Midwest changes in the 6-10 day provide equivalent offset to keep us near flat."
Futures traders are not optimistic on further upside price potential. "I'm bearish on the market," said John Woods, president of JJ Woods and Associates, on Friday. "We traded up to $3.34 [Friday], but I look at the fund buying earlier, as the funds getting out. If you had a rash of buying coming in, you would see a continuation, and that did not happen.
"Our contract high is $3.50, and the reason it didn't run like crazy was the existing longs decided it was a good place to sell. You can't make contract highs on a shoulder season. Temperatures in the East are going to be in the 60s and 70s, and just a couple of weeks ago we were under $3 and everyone was talking lower. In the winter we got below $2.60, and I said, 'No way.’”
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Invader Club Wiki
Invader Demon
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Me. Bow down in terror
Invader Demon's misson on Earth began during Operation Impending Doom I. He was given this planet, and sent off, before Zim ran havoc on Irk. He destroyed the records, and when they were being rewritten, the Tallests' secretaries forgot about Demon and Earth. They didn't exist anymore, as far as the Tallests were concerned.
While Zim was being banished, and Operation Impending Doom II was being planned, Invader Demon was preparing the Earth for conquest, not knowing any of this had happened. The first he heard about it was when his sister, Invader Eternal, crash landed on Earth a week before Zim arrived. Demon decided to continue with his mission nonetheless, to prove his worth to the Tallest.
Invader Demon
Biographical information
Physical description
Eye Color
Even taller than Spleen, but shorter than the Almighty Tallest (of course)
Additional information
he has too many weapons to list
SIR Unit
Number of Planets Conquered
7. He claimed to conquer the rest of the uninhabited solar system on the way to Earth
Ad blocker interference detected!
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Lock structure for a vehicle deck lid or the like
Feb. 17, 1959v R. c. FRANCE ETAL 2, 7
LOCK STRUCTURE FOR A VEHICLE DECK LID OR THE LIKE Filed June 11, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 e S e m M T a a W- WW m M 0 U4}! .0 0 4 H r d a H v ATTORNYJ V l// 5 4 0 J6 2 0 W I 1: w 0 a 4 ,w 2 2 2 Feb. 17, 1959 R. c. FRANCE ETA'L LOCK STRUCTURE FOR A VEHICLE DECK LID OR THE LIKE Filed June 11, 1952 SSheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORS Ro/l/n C France Harold 1? Wade ATTOR/VfYJ Feb. 17, 1959 'R. c. FRANCE ETA!- LOCK STRUCTURE FOR A VEHICLE DECK LID OR THE LIKE Filed June 11, 1952 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTORS Ro/l/n C Fran ce Hero/a f? Wade ,4 TroRA/DJ tion;
Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8 and showing the United States Patent LOCK STRUTURE FOR A VEHICLE DECK LID OR THE LIKE Rollin C. France, Cleveland, and Harold P, Wade, Rocky River, Ohio, assignors to The Standard Pro'tlucts Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application June 11, 1952, Serial No. 292,826
3 Claims. or. 70- 139 This invention relates tolocks and more particularly,
.to locks which are especially suitable for the deck lids tion will be referred to in or will be evident from the following description of three embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. l is a side elevational view ofa lock constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, as
used for the releasable locking of a deck lid or luggage compartment cover in closed position;
I Fig. 2 is a detail vertical sectional view, on the lin 2-4 of Fig. 1, and showing the locking member of the lock of Fig. l in locking relationship with its striker or keeper;
Fig. 3 is a bottom elevational view of said striker or keeper;
Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view of said locking member and its cooperating striker or keeper in the locking relationship of Fig. 2, the view being on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 is a front elevational view of the lock of Fig. 1, with the striker or keeper and the key-controlled lock actuating means being omitted;
Fig. Although locks embodying the present invention may be used for the releasable locking of various closure structures, such locks are particularly useful, as will hereinafter appear, for the decklids or luggage compartment covers of automobiles.v Therefore, for purposes of illustration and in no limitingsense, three embodiments of the present invention, as so-used, are here illustrated and described.
As shown in Figs. 1 and ll, the deck lids or luggage compartment covers A and AA with which are used the present embodiments of the invention are of the type which include spaced inner and outer sheet metal walls, numbered lit and 11 in Fig. 1 and 10b and lib in Fig. 11,, and a sheet metal bottom edge wall, numbered 12 in Fig. 1 and 12b in Fig. 11. As is usual, the deck lids or luggage compartment covers A and AA are hiugedly mounted at their upper, edges (not shown) for swinging movement about generally horizontal axes to thereby enable the luggage compartment openings, numbered 13 in Fig. 1 and 13b in Fig. 11, to be opened and closed, as desired. For sealing purposes, conventional rubber strips, numbered 14 in Fig. 1 and 14b in Fig. 11, are secured to marginal flanges, numbered 15 in Fig. 1 and 15b in Fig. 11, of the deck lids or luggage compartment covers A and AA for sealing engagement with projecting parts, numbered 16 in Fig. l and 16b in Fig. 11, of the automobile body structures B and BB, the parts 16 and 16!) being carried by body edge walls, numbered 17 in Fig. 1 and 17b in Fig. 11, which connect the spaced inner and outer sheet metal body walls, numbered 18 and 19 in Fig. l and 18b and 19b in Fig. 11.
Referring now to the lock of Figs. 1 to 9, inclusive, which constitutes the first of the three here illustrated embodiments of the present invention, said lock cornprises a relatively thin sheet metal casing or housing having an upper section for securemeut to the inner wall 10 of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A and an inwardly and downwardly extending lower section projecting below said wall, the angular disposition of said lower section being such that it is generally parallel with the inner wall E the automobile body structure B, as shown in Fig. 1.
As here shown, the casing or-housing comprises a sheet metal base member 21 of plate-like form, and a sheet metal cover member 22 having a right angular peripheral flange 23 for abutting engagement with the base member and which thus determines the depth of the cham ber of the casing or housing. For the securernent of the casing or housing to the inner wall lid of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A, the upper portion of the base member 21 is here provided, integrally as shown, with two oppositely extending side wall lugs 24 (Figs. 5 and 6) which are suitably aperlured for the reception of bolts 25 or equivalent fastening elements. For the securement of the cover member 22 of the casing or housing to the base member 21 thereof, the peripheral flange 23 of said cover member is here provided with tabs 26- and the base member with tab-receiving slots 27 the tabs being inserted into said slots and the projecting portions of the tabs being then bent over against the base member, as best shown in Fig. 5, for the rigid connection of the two casing or housing members.
Rigidly mounted on the outer endof aflstub shaft 30 having its intermediate portionsuitably journalled "in the angularly disposed lower. section of the casing or housing base member 21 is al locking member 31 of disclike form and-which is oscillatable about the axis of said shaftbetween a locking position, Figs. 6 and 8, and a non-locking position, Fig. 9, as will hereinafter appear. As best shown in Fig. l, the locking member 31 is disposed between, and in generall parallel relation with, the angularly disposed lower section of the casing or housing and the inner wall 18 of the automobile body structure B when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover is in its lowered position.
A suitable striker or keeper, for locking cooperation with the locking member 31 is rigidly mounted on the inclined inner wall 18 of the automobile body structure B.' As here shown, the striker or keeper is a simple sheet metal structure having a base portion 33 and two flange portions 34 and. 35 extending at right angles therefrom and laterally spaced apart for the reception therebetween of the locking member 31, as in Figs. 1, 2 and 4. For the rigid securement of the striker or keeper base portion 33 to the automobile body wall 18, said base portion is here provided with two laterally spaced apertures for thereception of bolts 36 or equivalent fastening elements-elements which also extend, of course, through suitable apertures in said automobile body wall. Although the flange portions 34 and 35 of the striker or keeper may be integral with the base portion 33, they are here shown (see Fig. 2) as the side portions of a separate channel-shaped sheet metal member of strip-like form suitably secured to said base portion, such as by the tabs 37 with which such member is here provided and which tabs extend through suitable slots in said base portion, the projecting free end portions 'of the tabs being bent over against the base portion, as best shown in Fig. 3.
For their locking cooperation, the locking member 31 is provided with a peripheral notch or recess 39 and thestriker or keeper flange portion 35 is provided with a projection 40 for seating engagement in said notch or recess. As here shown (see Fig. 2), the striker or keeper projection 40 is an integral part of the flange portion 35, the projection extending transversely thereof and being of wedge shape in cross section. For the procurement of a locking relationship in which but little vertical play or lost motion of the parts is permitted, the relative sizes of the striker or keeper projection 40 and the locking member notch or recess 39 are such that said projection snugly fits said notch or recess, as best shown in Fig. 2.
The provision of the flange portion 34 of the striker or keeper effectively prevents lateral separating movement of the locking member 31 relative to the striker or keeper projection 40 when such parts are in their locking relationship, and said flange portion 34 is also available for use as a guide for said locking member in its movement into and out of such locking relationship. As a further aid in the releasable maintenance of the locking relationship of the locking member 31 and the striker or keeper projection 40 when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover is in closing position relative to the luggage compartment opening 13, including the maintenance of such relationshion against the efforts of one seeking to break into the luggage compartment, the flange portion 34 of the striker or keeper may be provided, if desired, with a lateral extension which. overlies, in whole or in part, the locking member 31 when said member .is in its locking position, such as the lateral extension 42 shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4.
To releasably retain in locking relationship the locking member notch or recess 39 and the striker or keeper projection 40 when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A is in closed position, and to so position said notch or recess when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover is in raised or open position that such locking relationship will be automatically established upon the movement of said deck lid or luggage com-- partment cover downwardly into position, a disc-like member 44, for cooperative engagement with a here inafter described detent lever 45, is rigidly mounted on the inner end of the stub shaft 30, on the outer end of which is rigidly mounted the locking member 31, as heretofore mentioned.
In the present embodiment of the invention, said disclike member 44 is provided with two circumferentially spaced peripheral shoulders 46 and 47 for engagement with the lower end of the detent lever 45, the shoulder 46 being so located that it is engaged by said detent lever when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A is in its lowered, closed position, as in Figs. 6 and 8, and the shoulder 47 being so located thatit is engaged by said detent lever when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover is in its raised, open position, as in Fig. 9.
To automatically maintain the detent lever 45 in engagement with the'disc-like member 44 on the inner end of the shaft 30, except when the lever is forcibly moved out of such engagement by the manually operable means hereinafter described, a spiral spring 48 is here coiled about the pin 49 by which said lever is pivotally mounted, intermediate its ends, on the casing or housing base member 21 for swinging movement within the casing or housing chamber. As best shown in Fig. 6, the inner end of said spiral spring is secured or anchored to said pivot pin and the outer and upwardly extending end of said spring has bearing engagement with a lug 50 with which the upper end portion of the detent lever 45 is here provided. Inasmuch as the outer, upwardly extending end of said spring, and hence the upper end of the detent lever engaged thereby, tend to move in a counterclockwisedirection, Figs. 6, 8 and 9, the lower end of the detent lever is thus constantly urged into engagement with the disc-like member 44, as will be readily understood. '1
To limit rotary movement of the disc-like member 44, and hence rotary movement of the locking member 31, inasmuch as both members are rigidly mounted on opposite ends of the same shaft, the casing on housing base plate 21 is here provided with a struck up lug 52 which, as best shown in Fig. 8, cooperates with a projection 53 on member 44 to limit counterclockwise movement of said member. Preferably and as here shown, the casing or' housing base plate 21 is also provided with a struck up lug 54 for engagement by the upper end portion of the detent lever 45in limiting clockwise movement of said lever, with the result that the lower end of said lever also serves as a means for limiting clockwise movement of the member 44, inasmuch as the width of the shoulder 47 of said member is sutficiently great to prevent it from passing beyond said lever end in the clockwise movement of said member.
If desired and as here shown, a leaf spring 55 may be provided for engagement with the disc-like member 44 in the releasable retention of such member in either the position thereof shown in Figs. 6 and 8 or the position thereof shownin Fig. 9. In the present embodiment of the invention, the upper end of said spring 55 is secured to the casing or housing base plate 21 by means of two lugs 56 with which such base plate is provided, and the lower end of said spring is bent into semi-circular form, as at 57, for peripheral engagement with said disc-like member. To assist in the releasable retention of said member in the position thereof shown in Fig. 9, which is the provision of such member when the locking member 31 is in its non-locking position, said disc-like member 44 may be provided with a peripheral depression 58 to receive the semi-circular end 57 of the spring 55, as in Fig. 9.
As thus far described, it will be evident that when the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A is in its raised or open position, the locking member will be in the dotdash line position shown in Figs. 2 and 9, a positionin which it'is releasably held by the engagement of the detentlever 45 with the'shoulder 47' of the disc-like mem- 'ber:44.. Upon downward movement of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover to closed position, the locking member 31 will be turned by its engagement with the striker or keeper projection 40 in a counterclockwise direction, Fig. 2, and-thereby automatically brought into locking cooperation with such striker or keeper projection. When in such locking cooperation with said projection, the position of the locking member is that shown in full lines, Fig. 2, and in dot-dash lines, Fig. 8, a position in whichthe locking member is releasably held, for the releasable retention of-the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A in closed position, by the engagement of the detent lever45 with the shoulder 46 of the disc-like member 44.
"When opening movement of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover A'is 'desired, the detent lever 45 must be manually swung out ofits detaining engagement with the-shoulder 46 of the disc-like member 44, to thereby permit the locking member 31' to move out of its locking cooperation with the striker or keeper projection 40 as the deck'li d or luggage compartment cover is manually iaised 'to open position. Although'the deck lidor luggage compartment cover may be provided with any suitable means by which it may be grasped for its manual movement into and .out .of closed position, said deck lid or luggage compartment cover is here provided with a simple handle, as shown-in Fig. 1.
In this particular embodiment of the invention, the
means for swinging the detent lever 45 out of detaining,
engagement with the shoulder 46 of the disc-like member 44, when opening movement of the deck lid or luggage with a depending L-shaped finger 63 for engagement with :the upper end portion ofthe detent lever. As bestshown inFigs. 6 and 7, the annular-side wall'of said cup-shaped member 62 is rotatably supported on an annular flange 64 of the casing or housing base plate 21 at the upper end thereof, the flange64 surrounding an opening 65 through said base plate and such opening being in registry with an opening 66, of non-circular shape, such as square, in the circular end wall of the cup-shaped member 62 when said member is on its supporting flange 64.
Projecting through said openings 65 and 66 and more or less snugly fitting the latter opening, is the non-circular, such as square, inner end portion of a spindle 68, the outer end portion of which extends into a key tumbler casing 69, as shown in Fig. 1. By means of the key 70, Fig. 1, the spindle 68 can be turned about its longitudinal axis, in a counterclockwise direction, Fig. 6, with corresponding movement of the depending finger 63 of the cup-shaped member 62, to thereby swing the detent lever 45 from its detaining engagement with the shoulder 46 of the disc-like member 44. Upon the release of the member 44, the deck lid of luggage compartment A can be manually raised or opened, as will be readily understood.
Although in the embodiment of the invention as illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the release of the disclike member 44 is effected by counterclockwise movement (Fig. 6) of the key-actuated spindle 68 and the depending finger 63 of the cup-shaped member 62, release of such disc-like member can be effected, if desired, by clockwise movement of said spindle and said finger.
Such a modification is shown in Fig. 10, in which the upper end portion of the detent lever 45a is curved to the left, and in which the finger 63a ofthe cup-shaped member 62a is upwardly disposed for engagement with said detent lever end portion. With such disposition of the parts, the key-actuated spindle and the finger 63a movable therewith must be turned in a clockwise direction, Fig. 10, to move the detent lever out of detaining engage- 6 ment with the disc-like member 44, as will be evident from Fig. 10' and as will be readily understood.
In the embodiment of Fig. 10, a lug 72, here shown as an integral part of the casing or housing base plate 21a, is provided to limit counterclockwise movement of the plunger actuated finger 63a, with a lug 54a also being provided on said casing or housing base plate to limit clockwise movement of the detent lever, as in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive.
A further embodiment of the present inventionis illustrated in Figs. 11 to 13 inclusive, and in this embodiment, the manually operable means for swinging the detent lever 45b from its detaining engagement with the shoulder 46b of the disc-likemember 44b, when opening movement of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover AA is desired, includes a push button 74 suitably mounted on the-outer wall 11b of said deck lid or luggage compartment cover, such as adjacent the handle 60b thereof.
As best'shown in Figs. 12 and 13, the forwardly bent upper end portion 75 of the detent lever 45b is engaged by the pivoted lower end portion of a lever 76 arranged within the chamber of the lock casing or housing, the lower end portion of said lever 76 being pivoted at 77 to the casing or housing base plate 21b and the rearwardly bent upper end portion 78 of said lever being movable forwardly and rearwardly through a slot 79 in the upper end portion of said casing or housing base plate.
Aswill be evident from Figs. 12 and 13, when the upper end portion 78 of the lever 76 is moved forwardly, to its dot-dash line position, Fig. 13, the pivoted lower end portion of said lever, by its engagement with the upper end portion 75 of the detent lever 45b, will cause such detent lever to swing in a clockwise direction, Fig. 12, with the consequent release of the disc-like member 44b from its detention by said detent lever, and the conse 'quent freedom of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover AA to be manually raised to open position.
To efiect such forward movement of the upper end portion 78 ot the lever 76, when opening movement of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover AA is desired, the push button 74 has operatively associated therewith a plunger 81 slidably and rotatably mounted in a key tumbler casing 82 carried by the outer wall 11b of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover and located between such wall and the inner wall 10:) of the deck lid or luggage compartment cover. As best shown in Figs. 11 and 13, the inner end portion of the plunger 81 projects beyond the inner end of the key tumbler casing 82 and terminates in a laterally bent end part 83, which, by manual operation of a key 85, Fig. ll, can be turned either upwardly, as in Fig. 13, or downwardly, as in Fig. 11.
When this laterally bent plunger end part 83 is in its upturned position, as in Fig. 13, it is in alignment or registry with the rearwardly extending upper end portion 78 of the lever '76, with the result that upon manual depression or forward movement of the push button 74, the detent lever 45b is swung out of detaining engagement with the disc-like member 4512 because of the forward movement of the plunger and of the upper end portion 78 of the lever 76. However, when it is desired to lock the deck lid or luggage compartment cover AA against opening movement, the laterally bent rear end part 83 a of the plunger 81 is turned downwardly, as in Fig. ll,
so that it no longer is in alignment or registry with the rearwardly extending upper end portion 78 of the lever 76, and thus is ineit'ective to operate such lever. Therefore, although the push button 74 can be depressed as before, and although such push button movement effects forward movement of the plunger 81 and its laterally bent rear end part 83, release of the disc-like member 44b cannot be efiEected, as will be readily understood.
To those skilled in the art to which the present invention relates, further features and advantages of locks -7 embodying the invention, and other embodiments than those here illustrated and described, will be readily apparent.
What we claim is: i
1. In locking mechanism for releasably retaining a closure structure in closed position relative to an adjacent structure, a plate-like member having an upper portion adapted to be secured to one of said structures and having a lower portion disposed at a substantial angle to saidupper portion, a shaft journalled in the lower por tion of said plate-like member and extending transversely thereof, a locking member of disc-like form rigidly mounted on one end of said shaft for locking cooperation with keeper means adapted to be secured to the other of said structures, a member having a shoulder, said shouldered member being rigidly mounted on the vother end of said shaft, a detent member movably mounted on said plate-like member for detaining engagement with the shoulder of said shouldered member, said detent member having an upper portion extending alongside the upper portion of said plate-like member, resilient means for normally maintaining said detent member in engagement with said shouldered member, and manually operable means cooperable with the upper portion of said detent member for moving said detent member out of engagement with the shoulder of said shouldered member.
I 2. In locking mechanism for releasably retaining a closure structure in closed portion relative to an adjacent structure, a chambered casing having a base member and a cover member, one of said members being provided with peripheral flange means to substantially close the casing chamber, the casing having an upper portion adapted to be secured to one of said structures and having a lower portion disposed at a substantial angle to said upper portion, a shaft journalled in the lower portion of the base member of said casing and extending transversely of such portion of said base member, a locking member of disclike form rigidly mounted on one end of said shaft for locking cooperation with keeper means adapted to be secured to the other of ,said structures, a member having a shoulder, said shouldered member being rigidly mounted Fit on the other end of said shaft and being located in the chamber of said casing, a detent member movably mounted on the base member of the casing for detaining engagement with the shoulder of said shouldered member, said detent member being located in the chamber of the casing and having an upper portion disposed alongside the upper portion of said casing base member, resilient means located in the casing chamber for normally maintaining said detent member in engagement with said shouldered member, and manually operable means cooperable with the upper portion of said detent member for moving said detent member out of engagement with the shoulder of said shouldered member.
3. Locking mechanism as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that said manually operable means includes an actuating member for said detent member pivotally mounted on said base member andrwithin the chamber of the casing, and in that said manually, operable means also includes a key-operated spindle for effecting pivotal movement of said actuating member, said spindle being rotatable about its longitudinal axis and having one of its end portions disposed in an opening with which such actuating member is provided to thereby provide a drivging relationship between such spindle and said actuating member.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS.
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'US-29282652-A_1', 'collection': 'USPTO', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1952.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '4335', 'token_count': '5499', '__index_level_0__': '25881', 'original_id': '655f8c3fbbc5ad11a04108a5b390f716e1a6820a046b337ccaa613b976c5f265'} |
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VL01N -> indicator: Item not relevant for goods movements
Hello Everyone
When creating a new delivery, into the administration tab of the Item detail, there is an indicator:
"No goods movement" into the control data box.
Based on SAP help:
When this indicator is set, goods movement is not posted for this item - regardless of the movement type assigned to it.
My problem is: that field is not selectable(It is in grey). So we cannot change it. How can we set that field?
Former Member
Helpful Answer
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Business, international
FRANCE: THE ORAL HYGIENE MARKET
Article Abstract:
Toothbrush and toothpaste manufacturers in France focus on 'education' in their communication in order to develop the loyalty. Generally speaking, the market is quite active in communication, promotion and innovation, in a market where consumers are increasingly aware of the importance of the oral hygiene issue. The market is also taking advantage of the strong activity in product launchings. Elida-Faberge distributed 500,000 brushing kits (and examined 32,352 teeth) as part of a marketing action in May and June 1999. Elida-Faberte is the leading player in toothbrushes (33.8% of the market by value with its Signal and Sanogyl brand names), and in toothpaste with 33.7% of the market with Sanogyl, Signal and Tres Pres. Colgate-Palmolive follows with 28.4% in toothpaste (Colgate, Tonigencyl brands), while ranking third in toothbrushes with 13.5% by value (Colgate brand) behind SmithKline Beecham's Aquafresh and its 14.6% share).
Oral hygiene products in Spain
Article Abstract:
The Spanish retail market for oral hygiene products, such as mouthwashes, toothbrushes and toothpaste, is worth around 17 billion Pesetas, with toothpaste accounting for nearly 75% of sales. Specialist pharmacies account for around 15% of total sales, druggists around 10% and supermarkets and hypermarkets around 75%. Imports are worth 4 billion Pesetas, while exports are worth around 1 billion Pesetas. Domestic output meets around 75% of toothpaste demand. Multinationals dominate the market. The oral hygiene product market is examined.
Oral hygiene products in Germany
Article Abstract:
Germany spent approximately 280 million German deutschmarks advertising oral hygiene products during 1994. German people are concerned with oral hygiene and dental health although they do not buy many toothbrushes per capita. Over 50% of the oral hygiene products valuing 1.7 billion German deutschmarks is toothpaste. Many new products have been developed to cater for the growing market. Each person purchases 4.5 tubes of toothpaste on average per year. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bd5364940817b64308f9a9360c38c099788f4db4826f62df993f501b1f12c2b2'} |
Take the 2-minute tour ×
Singaporean Long Term Pass visas (such as Training Employment Pass, Student Pass, etc that allow you to go through automated border control clearance) state that the biometric visa card must be surrendered when it expires or when a new one is issued; otherwise, it technically counts as an overstaying offence if you come back to Singapore. Is this rule enforced strictly? I will be flying out of Singapore before my long term pass expires, but I might come back in a few months for work or travelling.
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Do you live near a Singapore Embassy back home? Dropping it in there when it expires may be an option, depends how easy that'd be if it's worth investigating! – Gagravarr Jul 21 '11 at 10:07
@Gagravarr: That is one option I have been thinking of too. – Ankur Banerjee Jul 21 '11 at 13:22
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2 Answers
There are 2 types Long Term Visa Pass:
1. LTVP that issued by ICA (Immigration Checkpoint Authority)
You don't need to surrender this pass. This Pass has an overstaying period of 30 days. If this card expired, you would still be allowed to stay 30 days and won't be penalized. If you still stay more than the grace period, upon leaving Singapore you will have a penalty fee or charge.
2. LTVP that issued by MOM (Ministry of ManPower)
LTVP is issued if you are a spouse / child / relative of the Employment Pass owner. It's fine not to cancel this LTVP. Upon the cancellation of the Employment Pass, this LTVP will get a Cancellation too. In case you need to fly out of Singapore but need to return to Singapore before the pass/card expires, please KEEP the card. There is NO NEED to return this. Upon expiry of this pass, you are still allowed to stay 30 days but after that, you have to pay a penalty fee or charge.
In summary, there is no need to surrender your pass.
Note that Training Employment Pass (TEP), SVP (Special Visit Pass), LTVP (Long Term Visit Pass) and LOC (working pass for LTVP) are totally different.
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up vote 4 down vote accepted
In case you are flying out of Singapore before the term of a long term visa expires, you can surrender your card when going through the immigration checkpoint. Request a surrender of card form from the immigration officer and fill in cancellation request detail as 'leaving Singapore via flight/bus/boat X on Y'.
There are friends of mine who don't plan to come back to Singapore who were told by nice immigration officials that they may keep the LTP visa card as a souvenir. Technically, this is illegal although it doesn't affect you if you don't plan to come back to Singapore. If you do, then not surrendering your card the previously counts as an overstaying offence.
If your long term visa expires, then you have seven days to cancel the card. The exception is that if you are being issued another long term visa card within a fortnight of the previous one expiring, then you can surrender your existing card when the new one is issued. I did this, and thankfully I had retained my previous card as I was told by the officer that if I hadn't handed in my old card when I got the new one, that would've counted as an offence too.
EDIT: Just to clarify, I'm not talking about a Long Term Visit Pass, which is different. I was referring to the other passes mentioned in the question which also count as 'long term passes' when passing through automated clearance gates at Singaporean borders.
EDIT 2: I've heard from students who didn't surrender their student pass and didn't have a problem when visiting Singapore again. If you really want to be sure, you can also send your Student Pass via postal mail back to ICA.
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Your Answer
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How to make BASH Script accept plugins
I have a BASH script that's finished, but now I need to add the capability for it to accept plugins.
As an example, the script can move files from one filesystem location to another. It's currently written to utilize the mv command for this, but I want to know how to give the user the option to do two things:
• Replace the mv command with something else, rsync for example
• Redefine the entire "move" function with their improved version of it
I brainstormed for ways to do this after finding little online, but I'm not confident this is the right way.
Idea for "Replace the mv command with something else":
Provide a specification document that defines all the commands (and their associated switches) that can be replaced. I'd imagine it should also assert where/how these adjustments can be made.
Idea for "redefine the entire move function with their improved version of it":
Source a plugin file that contains a function with the same name as the one the user is redefining. I believe this would overwrite the default code for the given function.
I'd like to know the "right way" to implement plugin functionality on a conceptual level, and also how it might be achieved within BASH scripts specifically.
1. Define your interfaces
The most important part is not about the implementation, but about documentation and usage. Each and every tiny detail you rely on has to be communicated to the user.
Some examples for an overwriteable mv command. With the lazy specification mv: Move "$1" to "$2" your script might break in case ...
You use mv source1 source2 target/
You use mv -n source target to prevent overwriting an existing file
You assume that mv overwrites an existing target without asking and without errors.
You assume that mv does not print anything, for instance in var=$(mv a /tmp/; ls; mv /tmp/a ./).
You assume mv sourcedir/ targetdir/ and mv sourcedir targetdir to be the same. Hint: rsync behavior changes based on trailing slashes
When you carefully defined a standardized interface, you can think about the implementation.
2. Implement a plugin system
2.1 Using bash's default behavior (pretty hacky)
Technically, you don't have to do anything here, as most commands in bash are already "plugins", that is, executable binaries or script files as specified in the $PATH variable.
If a user wanted to write their own mv as a plugin for your_script.sh they could already run ...
mkdir /tmp/script_plugins
echo '#! /usr/bin/env bash
echo This is the mv plugin of the user
mv "$@"
' > /tmp/script_plugins/mv
chmod u+x /tmp/script_plugins/mv
export PATH="/tmp/script_plugins:$PATH"
./your_script.sh
... unless your_script.sh overwrites the PATH again or defines a function mv or stuff like that.
2.2 Using dedicated names (cleaner)
However, for a cleaner approach, I would define plugins as functions with dedicated names, to emphasize that those are OK to be overwritten:
#! /usr/bin/env bash
# Content of your_script.sh
if declare -pf USER_PLUGIN_MV &> /dev/null; then
# user defined and exported a plugin function
plugable_mv() { "$USER_PLUGIN_MV" "$@"; }
else
# no plugin was specified, use default implementation
plugable_mv() { mv "$@"; }
fi
for i in "just" "an" "example"; do
plugable_mv "$i" target/
done
If the user defines and exports a function with the name USER_PLUGIN_MV, then that function will be used in instead of the default mv command.
USER_PLUGIN_MV() { echo "plugin received args: $*"; }
export -f USER_PLUGIN_MV
./your_script.sh
... prints ...
plugin received args: just target/
plugin received args: an target/
plugin received args: example target/
2.3 Using command strings
Alternatively, you could let the user specify command strings (as seen in xargs, bash -c, or GNU parallel), e.g. ...
./your_script.sh --replace-mv-with 'echo "plugin received args: $*"'
Those could be implemented as ...
# things starting with PSEUDO_ are pseudo code
if PSEUDO_user_specified_mv_plugin; then
plugable_mv() {
# either ...
bash -c "$PSEUDO_mv_plugin_arg" user_plugin_mv "$@"
# ... or if plugins have to access/define/alter your variables
eval "$mv_plugin_arg"
}
else
plugable_mv() { mv "$@"; }
fi
However, nested quotes pose a serious problem to most users once the plugins become bigger. So, if you implemented this system, I still would recommend your users to go with exported functions ...
USER_PLUGIN_MV() { echo "plugin received args: $*"; }
export -f USER_PLUGIN_MV
./your_script.sh --replace-mv-with 'USER_PLUGIN_MV "$@"'
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The Steps of Acid-Base Diagnosis
The steps of acid-base diagnosis are as follows. (1)
Draw arterial blood gases (ABG) to measure the PaO2, PaCO2, and pH. The ABG will also contain a bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-] which is calculated not measured.
At the sametime draw a venous electrolyte profile which consists of sodium [Na+], potassium [K+], chloride [Cl-], and bicaronate [HCO3-]. All of these values are measured.
Compare the calculated [HCO3] from the ABG and the measured [HCO3] from the electrolyte profile. The two values should be within two mEq/L of each other. If they are not some sort of error has been made.
Calculate the anion gap (AG). The anion gap is from the electrolyte profile and is the serum sodium concentration minus the sum of the chloride concetration plus the bicarbonate concentration
AG = Na+ – (Cl- + HCO3-) The normal anion gap is 9 plus or minus 3 mEq/L.
Consider the four common causes of high-AG acidosis: ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure, and toxins* (eg., saliculate, paraldehyde, ethylene glycol, methanol, toluene, polyglutamic acid.
*Suspect toxins as a cause of high anion gap acidosis when laboratory measured plasma osmolarity exceeds the calculated plasma osmolarity (Posm = 2Na+ + Glu/18 + BUN/2.8)**.
**The concentration units for sodium (Na+) are mEq/L and for glucose (Glu) and for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are mg/dL.
Consider two causes of a normal anion gap acidosis: bicarbonate loss from the GI tract (diarrhea), and renal tubular acidosis.
Estimate the body’s compensatory response to the acid-base disorder. See upcoming article “Compensatory Responses for Simple Acid-Base Abnormalities.
Compare the anion gap with the bicarbonate concentration [HCO3]. A patient may have more than one type of acid base disorder. By comparing the anion gap and the bicarbonate concentration. For example the presence of an anion gap with a normal ( or even increased) bicarbonate concentration can signal the presence of a metabolic acidosis along with either a chronic respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.
Compare the change in the chloride concentration [Cl-] with the change in sodium concentration [Na+].
(1) Textbook of Critical Care 6th ed, 2011. JL Vincent et al. pp. 824-827.
This entry was posted in acid - base, Fluids and Electrolytes, Laboratory Tests. Bookmark the permalink. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8222015500068665}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47788', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZIPP5A5RJYA4BF6DO732HQMLNFFQSN5H', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7aa688d8-b600-41c3-9034-4ec7cb66653d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 23, 19, 22, 19), 'WARC-IP-Address': '74.208.236.230', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:6ZIIMC37CJ5YSZSAGHOLLVQOST2H5DVJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:97ed81a1-4a2a-408d-a3ad-6c8cf13d6d9e>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.tomwademd.net/the-steps-of-acid-base-diagnosis/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1ae45ffc-70b3-4046-ba90-46791b3650b2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '346', 'url': 'http://www.tomwademd.net/the-steps-of-acid-base-diagnosis/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-170-67.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.06651735305786133', 'original_id': '6e57605abaf55ce87a9cc253c02969e65bc91cd848ee714d295954e27372e06a'} |
A Box, A Life, Some Mysteries…
Squatting on the concrete floor amidst the books, toys and odds and ends at our local Recycling Barn this weekend, I saw a fairly large cardboard box filled with small books. Curious, I reached over and pulled one out. It was a 2000 date book. I pulled out another book. It was another small date book, this one dated 1987. I shuffled through the box, lifting out book after book. 2010, 1990, 1986…1941!
“Kurt, look!” I said, calling to my husband, “This box is filled with journals!”
He walked over to join me and I handed him a journal. He riffled through the pages, then handed it back to me. Always the historian, he asked, “How far back do they go? Are there any from the 40s? I wonder if they say anything about the war.”
I dug through the box and pulled out a few of the older journals and handed them to him. We paged through, reading a few entries aloud to each other. Kurt’s speedy skim through 1943 found no references to the war.
There’s not much in here,” he said.
We kept looking. The writing was difficult to decipher at times, but a quick glance revealed that most of the information didn’t seem to be too personal. Each date had a comment about the weather and sometimes a few odds and ends notes about working, appointments, or outings.
I was fascinated by the diaries and had so many questions. Who wrote and kept all of these and how did they end up here? Based on the dates, it seemed safe to assume that the author had died or become incapacitated, but who decided to discard the journals? And at the Recycling Barn? I was trying not to judge, but it felt a bit callous. While I could understand that the journals were no longer wanted, it seemed like there should have been a more thoughtful resting place for them. Even burning them would seem more respectful.
After a few minutes, I gathered up the journals we had pulled out and returned them to the box.
“I have to take these home,” I announced.
“All of them?” Kurt asked. “Aren’t we trying to get rid of things?”
“All of them,” I insisted, standing up and hefting the box into my arms. “There’s a whole life in this box! And besides,” I continued, “I can always bring them back next weekend.”
Later that night, I emptied the box onto my family room floor and began to organize, sorting the diaries by year.
67489756_396606860964305_2954363378484641792_n (1).jpg
not quite done sorting!
There were 86 of them, ranging from 1923 to 2013. Most of them were labeled diary or diary/memos. Some years had two diaries, while one year had 3. I didn’t know where to begin and started leafing through random books. Part of me felt guilty –intrusive. Who was I to read another person’s journals even if they seemed impersonal? Yet, another part of me felt that reading them was almost paying homage to the author and recognizing the life these small diaries represented.
I soon discovered that, although most of the journals were written by one woman, there were several written by another woman. Also, while most days were primarily filled with everyday details, those entries were occasionally juxtaposed with startling news, personal tragedies, and world events.
I’ve barely begun to examine the journals, but my mind keeps returning to them over and over, wiggling thoughts about them like a tongue wiggles a loose tooth. Irresistible, yet slightly uncomfortable. There are so many mysteries within them. Certain names appear and reappear. Who were they? Spouses? Children? Friends? How did the two women know each other? Were they related? Why were their journals mixed together? Why are there so few in the 1970s, but the 60s were almost intact? Am I being nosey and invasive by reading them? And ultimately, what should I do with them?
Here are a few excerpts:
“August 1943
Wednesday 4 In hospital from 10:30 to 3:30 when Dr. Mixter (?) told me he found large brain tumor and removed it all and it wasn’t malignant. Thought she would be ok unless unexpected happened. Saw her at 7 pm and she knew me.”
“December 1941
Sunday 7 All to SS or church To Conleys for boughs and cones Japs attacked Hawaiia and declared war
Monday 8 Cool 22˚
President called for and Congress declared war on Japan.
? xmas party at church
Tuesday 9 Cloudy
Bowled at night”
Next to details about temperature and Sunday School, complicated world events and compelling personal experiences have been reduced to a summary sentence or two. Boughs and cones juxtaposed with bombs and war. I guess that’s about right. The mundane daily details of our lives coexist with the tragedies and the triumphs. A life can be encapsulated in a few sentences or paragraphs. Or even sometimes in a box full of diaries.
Update: After responding to Margaret, I realized I hadn’t specified that these journals were in the Swap Shop section of the Recycling Barn. I also hadn’t really thought that through myself. To clarify I didn’t dig through discards for something someone else thought was safely or privately disposed of (that would have felt really invasive!). The Swap Shop is filled with things that still have value, but are not of use to the current owner. The contents range from treasure to trash and are free for the taking. So, the books really weren’t thrown away or destined for recycling, they were offered up like an invitation. Hmmmm….
7 thoughts on “A Box, A Life, Some Mysteries…
1. Debbie Lynn says:
Oh my gosh, the journals are truly a treasure find! I look forward to reading about more Diary Discoveries. 🙂
Liked by 1 person
2. Angelina says:
This was a cool find. I appreciate your giving these journals an airing out by reading them and learning more about the writer.
Liked by 1 person
3. margaretsmn says:
I understand your fixation with these journals. Makes me want to burn mine. My mother had notebooks full of morning pages that she and I decided to throw away. I did keep one calendar which I hope to write about soon. This span of a lifetime is perhaps easier to read through when you don’t know the person. A fiction story or poem could come from this treasure.
Liked by 1 person
• mbhmaine says:
This also made me wonder about my long ago date books and especially my writing notebooks/journals from the past four or five years. I’m glad you were able to make the decision with your mother and look forward to reading about the calendar you saved. I guess what puzzles me most about these journals is why they were put in the share area of the recycling barn. I didn’t really make that location clear in my original post. Off to add an update.
• margaretsmn says:
What does “share area” mean? Are you expected to return them?
Liked by 1 person
• mbhmaine says:
It’s called the Swap Shop (though I’m not sure why since everything is “free for the taking” and there’s no expectation that you actually “swap” things.) People put things there that they don’t want anymore, but that others might have a use for. There’s an extensive library. You can find skis, crutches, clothes, toys, ink cartridges, vases, candles, jewelry, etc. There are some amazing finds and some trash (a half used bottle of moisturizer anyone?). You do not have to return what you take.
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Connecting to %s | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9739036560058594}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '91777', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5GLXTIH5AIEA5IUE53IR56AIO7FL53HF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:07aa4d49-1f0d-43ac-9659-937c1663d9a3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 11, 30, 4, 8), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.24', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:62PCKKPS2BINPHMUNVPGC3JJ5E6ILTXA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a0742f68-bedb-42c8-be95-ef5ac16809a1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://nixthecomfortzone.com/2019/07/30/a-box-a-life-some-mysteries/?like_comment=8596&_wpnonce=a778d04ea4', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7b0d5698-4584-40eb-8acb-1a23e372b7c1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1296', 'url': 'https://nixthecomfortzone.com/2019/07/30/a-box-a-life-some-mysteries/?like_comment=8596&_wpnonce=a778d04ea4', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-50\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-12.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.030768930912017822', 'original_id': 'f7149a899b2001ed973a51e81a9d79b1181313a3b843234b269bb473282d0b71'} |
How to Make a Gravity-Powered Car
By Grahame Turner
A lot of physics is about the tradeoff between potential and kinetic energy, and gravity-powered cars are an excellent demonstration of this, as well as being fun to race. While the most famous variety of these cars is usually associated with the Boy Scouts' Pinewood Derby, you also can put one together with a few simple household objects.
Homemade Car
Cut a car base out of the cardboard or foam. It can be any length, size or shape, but ideally will be about 3 to 3 1/2 inches.
Cut the straw in half and glue or tape it in place on the car base. You want to attach one to the front and one to the rear of the vehicle. Trim the straws to be no wider than the base.
Cut the dowel in half and stick the halves into the drinking straws to act as axles.
Glue or tape the wheels onto the axles, one at each corner. You can attach them snug to the car base--trimming the axles if needed--but don't make it too snug. If the wheels are too close to the car, they'll be too loose, won't turn freely and the car may not roll straight.
Pinewood Kit Car
Unpack the pinewood kit and set the wheels and nails aside.
Draw a plan for the vehicle on the pinewood block. Keep principles like aerodynamics in mind: smooth and sleek cars will move faster than large and boxy ones.
Cut the car out of the wood. If you are competing in a derby, bear the weight restrictions of the car in mind and cut some spaces to insert weights if necessary.
Sand the car until smooth.
Install the wheels into the precut axle grooves. Place one of the axle nails through the wheel and push it into place.
Set up the ramp on a long, flat floor.
Measure the longest car and mark that length down from the top of the ramp. Make a starting line with masking tape.
Determine the kind of race. If this is a race for speed, set up a finish line. If for distance, lay out a few meter sticks to end along the floor, moving away from the ramp.
Hold all of the cars competing in the race at the top of the ramp, lining up all of the noses with the starting line.
Count down to three, and when someone announces go, have all racers let their cars roll down the ramp.
Declare a winner.
These directions are for one car. To make more cars, have enough materials for each vehicle you intend to make. Setting up a gravity-powered race can be a really fun rainy day activity or a great science class team project. To get more speed out of a pinewood car, you also can sand the axles and ream out the wheels to reduce friction. Test it on the floor to see if it drifts at all and adjust the wheels if necessary.
About the Author
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Q:
Undefined method for edit page
I am new to Rails. My new.html.erb file works perfect as it shows at http://localhost:3000/signup. However I can't seem to get /edit to work. I receive this error:
undefined method `model_name' for NilClass:Class
Extracted source (around line #3):
1: <h1>Account Information</h1>
2:
3: <%= form_for @user do |f| %>
4: <% if @user.errors.any? %>
5: <div class="error_messages">
6: <h2>Form is invalid</h2>
Here's my edit.html file which is a replica of the new.html that works. I tried removing the error messages code and it still just displayed another error with the page.
<h1>Account Information</h1>
<%= form_for @user do |f| %>
<% if @user.errors.any? %>
<div class="error_messages">
<h2>Form is invalid</h2>
<ul>
<% @user.errors.full_messages.each do |message| %>
<li><%= message %></li>
<% end %>
</ul>
</div>
<% end %>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :email %><br/>
<%= f.text_field :email %>
</div>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :password %><br/>
<%= f.password_field :password %>
</div>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :password_confirmation %><br/>
<%= f.password_field :password_confirmation %>
</div>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :username %><br/>
<%= f.text_field :username %>
</div>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :zip_code %><br/>
<%= f.text_field :zip_code %>
</div>
<div class="field">
<%= f.label :birthday %><br/>
<%= f.text_field :birthday %>
</div>
<div class="actions"><%= f.submit %></div>
<% end %>
Here's my users_controller that I'm not sure if you need to look at or not. Maybe I have the def edit part wrong.
class UsersController < ApplicationController
def new
@user = User.new
end
def create
@user = User.new(params[:user])
if @user.save
UserMailer.registration_confirmation(@user).deliver
session[:user_id] = @user.id
redirect_to root_url, notice: "Thank you for signing up!"
else
render "new"
end
def edit
@user = User.find(params[:id])
end
def update
@user = User.find(params[:user])
if @user.update_attributes(params[:user])
flash[:success] = "Account updated"
sign_in @user
redirect_to @user
else
render 'edit'
end
end
end
end
A:
Your code indentation is a tell-tale sign here; you're defining the edit and update methods inside def create; the end immediately prior closes the if @user.save, not the def create.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f9889378f278280eda69b2501a63b7d198768fa64890a5b1b7b0ae90636e9d13'} |
Resembling a dome camera without the shell, these small, inconspicuous cameras are characterized by their lens which can be moved in any direction. They’re best for outdoor usage because of their ability to record in complete darkness.
Related Article: Turret vs. Dome Cameras
Are turret cameras vandal-proof?
Turret cameras are generally considered to be vandal-resistant because the shape makes it difficult to grab onto. However, dome cameras are more vandal-proof because the outer shell prevents lens tampering.
2. How are they installed?
Turret cameras can be mounted on ceilings or walls. Because of the tri-axis turret design, the lens of these style cameras can be rotated in any direction from a ceiling or wall installation. Please see the below ceiling tile installation for details.
3. What is the difference between a turret and dome camera?
A turret camera has a flat faced lens cover, whereas a dome shaped camera has a circular or half moon lens cover. Turret cameras are not influenced by the glare effects that dome shaped cameras can be susceptible to. This is due to the flat faced surface covering the lens and the infrared LEDs (IR LEDS). Both security camera styles have either a glass or plastic housing covering the lens and IR LEDs. This makes their design a safe option if mounting the cameras in easier to reach places.
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Call Now Button | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9222576022148132}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '312572', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XKS7F3DESY4DLAPUYCHLFF3GYSWKSDE5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d4c5abdf-b3a0-482b-a005-f762098dcc48>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 6, 32, 2), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.21.2.28', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VFFSWV7DK2QUYVHTQRUU6FVZ6MAE6SOI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fb444c81-61d5-46f2-9303-a57290565e02>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.2mcctv.com/turret-eyeball/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9ae1e6e5-12e2-420e-92a4-3d4662c68acd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '233', 'url': 'https://www.2mcctv.com/turret-eyeball/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-8\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9747281074523926', 'original_id': 'a653d50e7827770c76e9d368cb567d3782b5accec55a19d12234d6b65b1e9772'} |
The Strongest Army in the World: Your Immune System
Health Related Vocabulary
and Grammar Practice
Please Share:
Let’s pretend that the year is 2015. You wake up in the morning feeling under the weather. "Under the weather” means "a little ill and not as usual". Maybe you have a cold. A "cold" is a common illness that blocks your nose and makes you cough or sneeze.
Do you know that is a good sign? It means you are protected by your immune system!
immune system
Wait… why is it good? And what is the immune system?
"Immune" means protected from poison or disease. It comes from the Latin word immunis, meaning "free".
"System" means a group of things that work together. In the body, a system is all the organs and cells that work together to achieve something.
So the immune system is the system in your body that works to protect you from poisons and disease.
First, let’s take a look at poisons. In a lifetime, your body encounters many types of poisons.
A poison is a substance that can make the body ill if you eat, drink, breathe, or sense it. Some poisons are stronger than others.
pollution poisons
Examples of poisons:
Toxic mushrooms, harsh cleaning products, pesticides (chemicals that are sprayed on the food we grow), x-rays (radiation that passes through objects and allows us to see the inside of them), CO (a gas emitted by cars), mercury (a silver metal that kills nerve cells). These are just a few examples.
This may sound like a lot, but don’t worry! A strong immune system can handle a great deal! It has been doing so for millions and millions of years. And of course we should help it by doing our best not to consume poisons.
immune system protection
Now, we said that the immune system is the system in your body that works to protect you from poisons and disease.
We talked about poisons, but what about disease?
The body is made of cells. Quite a lot of cells, actually. Scientists estimate you have around 30 trillion cells in the body. That is 30,000,000,000,000!
But it does not end there. A healthy person also has an estimated amount of 100 trillion microorganisms (tiny living things that live in or on the body). That is 100,000,000,000,000! (Yes, you have more microorganisms in and on your body than human cells!)
One important group of microorganisms is the bacteria.
"Bacteria" is the plural form of bacterium. (1 bacterium / many bacteria)
Bacteria are the smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and ground. They also live in animals and plants.
Bacteria are responsible for eating tissues of plants and animals that are no longer alive (a tissue is a collection of cells). This process is called "decay". So when something is dead, it is the job of bacteria to break it down. Bacteria are drawn to dead cells and break them down.
Decay is a highly important process, since it allows the recycling of materials. For example, if a tree dies, different bacteria help to break down the tree’s tissues into their basic materials. As a result, new plants can use them and grow.
Bacteria are small, but play an important role in human health. Bacteria help digestion and boost the immune system! Studies have found that animals raised in sterile (completely free from bacteria) environments have poorly developed immune systems.
In addition to bacteria, our bodies are exposed to viruses. A virus is a tiny package of genetic material. It is not considered to be alive. It cannot multiply or act by itself. The only thing it can do is enter a cell, and reach that cell’s genetic material. Then the cell makes copies of the genetic material.
genetic materi, virus
Viruses exist almost everywhere on earth. In fact, they are considered the most abundant (existing in large quantities) creature on the planet. We eat, drink, breathe, and take in millions of viruses every second! Some scientists even believe viruses helped create the very first cells on Earth.
Most of the time viruses have no visible harmful effect on the body. (Think of the millions of viruses you have taken in just since you began reading this lesson. How did they affect you?) Scientists even believe some viruses play a role in improving our immune system. But other times, viruses can trigger our immune system to respond.
The important thing to remember is that the body works constantly to maintain a good balance of substances, cells, bacteria, etc. This balance makes you feel energetic and healthy.
When this balance is disturbed, you feel sick and less energetic. If the imbalance continues, you can feel worse and worse. You may get a disease. Your immune system can help you restore the right balance!
a man, healthy and full of energy
Let’s take a look at an example. What happens when poisons enter the body?
Air pollution is made of small particles and is harmful to the body (a type of "poison"). When pollution particles enter the body, the immune system correctly recognizes them as foreign, and works to break them down, so that they can be safely removed from the body.
immune system protection
The immune system also breaks down the body cells that got damaged by the pollution and no longer function properly. By doing so, the immune system keeps the body safe and running.
Let’s take a look at another example. What happens when there is an injury, and the body is suddenly "open" to many microorganisms and foreign substances coming inside?
In the case of a small cut, for example, there is an opening in the skin. First, the body temporarily seals the opening. This usually takes a few minutes for a small cut. Then, the immune system starts its work. It correctly recognizes any foreign invaders (dirt, misplaced microorganisms, etc.), and works to break them down, so that they can be safely removed from the body. The immune system also breaks down the body cells that got damaged and no longer function properly.
In order to do all this, and keep the body well, the immune system uses an important process called inflammation. It is so important that without it, no cut or injury can heal!
Every time there is some damage to body cells, the body starts the inflammation process. Its purpose is to remove the cause of the problem and also remove the damaged body cells. After that, the body can begin to heal the area.
This is the process of inflammation:
1. The immune system causes more blood to flow to the affected body part. This makes the area warmer, a bit swollen, and red. The nerves feel it, and make you feel some pain. The pain helps you know this body part is now busy healing, and that you should give it some rest. The increased blood flow brings important help and speeds up recovery.
2. Your immune system may also raise your body temperature. This is called fever. Fever helps the immune system work faster, while slowing down and killing foreign invaders.
Now the immune system can get to work! White blood cells are an important part of our immune system. They are usually in our bloodstream, but can go wherever the body needs them. And in times of need, they multiply and multiply to meet the demand!
Now, you may notice we explained that the immune system breaks down foreign invaders and damaged body cells, but how does the body remove them? They shouldn’t stay inside!
This "cleaning up" is done in several ways:
1. A fluid that contains the "trash" may come out (for example, from a wound), or even inside a little zit (a raised red spot on the skin). This fluid helps clean the area.
2. More "trash" can be removed using a special network of tubes that mainly serve the immune system. The liquid in these tubes is white and not red, and is called "lymph" (it comes from the French word lymphe, meaning "water").
(This cleaning fluid is not pushed by the heart, so its upward movement highly depends on the muscle motions. That is one of the reasons why it is so important the body moves, exercises, etc. It helps collect and remove "the trash"!)
3. Other methods the body uses to "take out the trash" are cough, runny nose, etc. (It gets waste OUT of the body.)
cleaning up
Once the area is cleaned and healed, inflammation may stop, and the number of white blood cells returns to normal.
Isn’t the immune system a beautiful thing, working to keep the body well and safe at all times?
white blood cellwhite blood cell
How We Can Help Our Immune System to Do Its Job
Imagine you need to print 20,000 new books, but you run out of paper and ink. Problematic, isn’t it?
Or maybe you give your printing worker a task to babysit 200 kids on the job, while he is supposed to be busy printing. Would that slow him down or even stop him from working?
tired white blood cell
The same is true with our immune system. You are responsible for your body, and your life choices can obviously make a difference.
For example, the following things add burden to your immune system, and therefore make it less effective:
Chemicals, sugar, white flour, trans fats (fats ruined by heating), junk food, lack of movement and exercise, lack of sleep, food with little nutritional value, missing nutrients (such as vitamin C, D and zinc), not enough sunlight exposure, polluted air, and even too much stress or loneliness.
And here are some examples of things that help your immune system, and therefore make it more effective:
Vegetables, good unheated fats, exercise, a good night’s sleep, food with high nutritional value, important nutrients such as vitamin C, D and zinc, sunlight exposure (during the safe hours), clean air, going to the beach or forest, laughter, good friends, and a sense of purpose.
shopping exercise
You should also consider consulting your care provider, since some medications suppress the immune system. For example, medications against fever, which lower your body temperature, may interfere with the work your immune system is trying to do. So it is a good idea to stay informed about any side effects of medications.
Some types of drugs and medications that may weaken the immune system: fever-reducing medications, pain killers, psychiatric drugs, street drugs (such as marijuana), and allergy medications. It is worth mentioning that alcohol, smoking, and too much caffeine (coffee) weaken the immune system as well.
Antibiotics and disinfection have a side effect of killing helpful bacteria. So after taking antibiotics, or using disinfection, it may help to take probiotics (supplementation of good bacteria).
So to sum it up: how does it sound to you to sleep well, eat well, work hard, exercise, spend time in nature, have good friends and laugh a lot? Do you think your immune system would appreciate it and pay you back with energy and health?
Here is a short video that shows exactly how the immune system keeps us strong and healthy. Subtitles for many languages are available, so you can turn subtitles ON and watch it in your own language:
How Does Your Immune System Work?
An interesting question: why do some people get sick, while others remain healthy and well?
For example, let’s have a look at the common flu. Why do some people get really sick, when others feel absolutely no symptoms?
To answer this question, in 2011, University of Michigan researchers did an interesting study: They infected healthy people with the flu virus. Half of the study participants got sick. But the other half did not notice a thing!
One of the scientists explained the results: "There is a behind-the-scenes active immune response even when you don’t get sick." He said the differences in the response had to do with antioxidants. (An antioxidant is a substance such as vitamin C or E that neutralizes dangerous molecules in your body.)
He also mentioned that eating fresh fruits and vegetables to load up on antioxidants could be helpful. He explained that the antioxidants may have protected the people that did not get sick. The scientists of this study cannot guarantee you anything, but why not eat healthy and help your immune system, right? :-)
This article is meant to teach English vocabulary regarding health and practice grammar. It is not meant as medical advice. If you have questions regarding specific medical or healthcare matters, you should consult your healthcare provider.
You are welcome to use this lesson by yourself, or with your students. It is completely free of charge to download.
You can read it online, download the PDF file, use it by yourself or with your students. You can also check the answers using the answer key.
All we ask in return, is that if you find this resource useful, please link to this page and share it with your students, colleagues, and anyone else who may benefit from it. You can link to this page from your website, blog, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc.
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And now, practice:
Vocabulary and Comprehension Questions
1. What is the plural form of bacterium?
1. bacteriums
2. bacteria
3. bacterias
1. The immune system is the system in the body that…
1. kills every virus and bacterium in the body
2. protects you from poisons and disease
3. helps you digest your food
1. Which of the following would not be considered a poison by the immune system?
1. air pollution
2. x-rays
3. lettuce
1. What does disease basically mean?
1. having any viruses or bacteria in the body
2. a lack of balance of substances, cells, bacteria, etc.
3. a good balance of substances, cells, bacteria, etc.
1. What is a virus?
1. a tiny living cell
2. a non-living package of genetic material
3. a rare tiny creature
1. What does lymph mean?
1. a white fluid that flows in special body tubes, used by the immune system for removing waste
2. water that French people drink in the US
3. blood that is very pale
1. What happens when poisons or unwanted invaders enter the body?
1. the immune system breaks them down, so that they can be safely removed from the body
2. the body "takes out the trash" using the lymph, cough, a runny nose, zits with fluid inside, etc.
3. all the above
1. Which of the following is not part of the helpful inflammation process?
1. pain
2. swelling
3. bleeding
1. What is decay and how is it related to bacteria?
1. Decay is the breaking down of dead cells. It is the job of the bacteria.
2. Decay is the breaking down of healthy cells. It is the job of the bacteria.
3. Decay is the preservation of dead cells. It is the job of the bacteria to make sure dead cells will stay forever.
1. What is air pollution?
1. heavy rain or snow
2. bacteria and viruses in the air
3. substances that make air dirty and can be toxic
1. What is an antioxidant?
1. a dangerous molecule in the body
2. a substance such as vitamin C or E that neutralizes dangerous molecules in the body
3. fresh fruits and vegetables
1. Which of the following can weaken your immune system?
1. sun exposure during the safe hours
2. sugar
3. laughter
Grammar Questions
Complete the following sentences using the right form of the word.
1. You wake up in the morning ______________ (feel | felt | feeling) under the weather.
1. A strong immune system can handle ______________ (a | the | of) great deal.
1. You have ______________ (most | more | many) microorganisms in and on your body than human cells.
1. Studies ______________ (found | have found | has found) that animals raised in sterile, bacteria-free environments have poorly developed immune systems.
1. Viruses exist almost everywhere ______________ (in | on | at) earth.
1. The immune system breaks down ______________ (damage | damaged | have damaged) body cells that no longer function properly.
1. Isn’t the immune system a beautiful thing, ______________ (worked | to work | working) to keep the body well and safe at all times?
1. You are responsible ______________ (for | on | at) your body, and your life choices can make a difference.
To check your answers, you can download the free full version of the lesson (text, vocabulary exercises, grammar exercises, and answers)
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The Need For Seed
By Teresa Odle
Choosing vegetables that you enjoy is key to the success of your garden.
The best and easiest part of a home garden is choosing and buying vegetable seeds. It’s like shopping for food; don’t do it when you’re hungry. It’s best to plan your garden a little, but not get too hung up on the details or the next thing you know, it’s late June and your crop choices have narrowed considerably. First, choose foods you’ll eat or work with a family member or neighbor to trade.
Hot House with Heated Mat
Hot House with Heated Mat
Seeds need warmth and moisture to germinate, so depending on your climate and appetite for all things crunchy, you might start your seeds indoors. In colder climates, simple seed starting trays help you start your own transplants. If your house still is pretty cool like mine, you might need something with more heat. An indoor hot house with a heated mat can start enough seeds for a large family garden. The seed packets usually provide all the information you need to help determine the best transplant size and time for your zone.
You also can plant directly in your garden. In the last post, I talked about preparing and protecting a raised bed. Seedlings are really vulnerable to all sorts of crawling and flying creatures. Check the seed packet or local sources, such as master gardener hotlines and cooperative extension offices, if you need help with timing of cool and warm season vegetable planting in your area. And if you feel really ambitious, create a succession planting plan. With planning, timing, and luck, you might be able to run three crops in the same spot one after another through one growing season.
When I direct seed, I always want to be sure the seeds produce and make the mistake of using too much seed, then having to thin later. The general rule of thumb is to plant about twice as many seeds as the number of plants you desire. Plant seedlings based not on the plant’s current size, but on its potential size. Again, seed packet instructions are pretty accurate on spacing and depth advice. Create a planting guide by stretching a string between two stakes close to the dirt. This will help you create nice rows for your vegetables. Then sit back in the warm weather, water away and enjoy. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9317782521247864}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '66576', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:J52TB3RVHPSIPG6E3VOZAIG2FKOY5SYU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:615fcb2a-2775-42fb-85a2-2f797b51156d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 2, 12, 44, 18), 'WARC-IP-Address': '63.141.133.43', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MKRBP6BZFZIYCEMGQ6CKV3WZMHE2BI64', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:250a96f0-3366-4733-9891-fd7116f02da6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.mastergardening.com/the-need-for-seed/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:fcdb8dec-1113-42df-af1c-ce65e633084f>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '404', 'url': 'http://www.mastergardening.com/the-need-for-seed/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02918529510498047', 'original_id': 'a6fd46d5678e1949480c222fb8e427dfcf65e38b85c9fe09a05f539edb268bb9'} |
Q:
Phoenix/Elixir - cURL works, but HTTPoison fails
In my Phoenix app, I am trying to use the HTTPoison HTTP client (https://hexdocs.pm/httpoison/api-reference.html) to make a post request to the AgileCRM API. I was able to use cURL to make a successful request, but my attempt to replicate it in Phoenix is failing with a 401 UNAUTHORIZED error.
My successful cURL:
$ curl https://domain.agilecrm.com/dev/api/contacts/search/email \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-d 'email_ids=["contact@test.com"]' \
-u admin@test.com:api_key
which returns status 200 and the requested data.
My failing HTTPoison:
url = "https://domain.agilecrm.com/dev/api/contacts/search/email"
body = Poison.encode!(%{"body": "email_ids=['contact@test.com']"})
headers = [{"Accept", "application/json"}, {"Authorization", "admin@test.com:api_key"}]
response = HTTPoison.post!(url, body, headers)
IO.inspect response
which returns
%HTTPoison.Response{body: "<html><head>\n<meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\">\n<title>401 UNAUTHORIZED</title>\n</head>\n<body text=#000000 bgcolor=#ffffff>\n<h1>Error: UNAUTHORIZED</h1>\n</body></html>\n",
headers: [{"X-TraceUrl", "/appstats/details?time=1509129565372&type=json"},
{"WWW-Authenticate", "Basic realm=\"agilecrm\""},
{"Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8"},
{"X-Cloud-Trace-Context", "8de994n2tbu2o356891bc3e6"},
{"Date", "Fri, 27 Oct 2017 18:39:25 GMT"}, {"Server", "Google Frontend"},
{"Content-Length", "200"}],
request_url: "https://domain.agilecrm.com/dev/api/contacts/search/email", status_code: 401}
From the message, I'm assuming (perhaps incorrectly) that the issue is with the authorization data. My understanding was that the -u flag in a cURL is the equivalent of adding an Authorization header, but perhaps not?
HTTPoison also allows for an options parameter, and one of the options (ha!) is ":proxy_auth - proxy authentication {User, Password} tuple", but passing [proxy_auth: {"admin@test.com", "api_key"}] produces the same result.
Any thoughts on this would be much appreciated
A:
The equivalent of curl -u is the basic_auth option of hackney, not HTTPoison's proxy_auth. You can use it like this:
HTTPoison.post!(url, body, headers, hackney: [basic_auth: {"admin@test.com", "api_key"}])
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bf96badf36f5d436694c0b0dcc194277d695b3fb62d89c233dffe6b41cd22214'} |
Temple Israel students making real money investing - DC News FOX 5 DC WTTG
Temple Israel students making real money investing
Posted: Updated:
Sheldon Rosenberg (Credit: WJBK | myFOXDetroit.com) Sheldon Rosenberg (Credit: WJBK | myFOXDetroit.com)
A question. How much do you know about the stocks you buy? A lot of people don't know much. They buy a stock because somebody else told them it's a good one. We went into the classroom to learn how to evaluate an investment. We did it with a group of teenagers and they're making money -- real money.
Under the guidance of the financial team of Jordan Rosenberg and his father, Sheldon, from Baird Securities in West Bloomfield, two teams of students at Temple Israel in West Bloomfield have been tracking the progress of the stocks they bought back in November of 2011.
And while many people their age are talking about fantasy teams, this is not a game. They're using money, real money from the Temple's youth organization plus some of their own. These young investors are putting their real money into real companies.
"We're looking at nearly a 40-percent return in six months. That is incredible," said Jordan Rosenberg.
And so it's part investing class and even part current events.
The Jewish Student Investors Group or JSI discussed the recent disclosure that 70-percent of ground beef in the country contained a controversial food additive. Tyson Foods took a hit over potential health concerns.
Tyson Foods and PepsiCo are just two of the stocks Team A and Team B are tracking. Buying and selling of both companies was a source of debate.
Why did one student decide that the Tyson stock should be sold?
"I wanted to sell it because, first of all, it's down right now, and I don't see much more potential for it coming back up."
But, on the other hand ...
"Keeping the stock, we could see that it might appreciate in value and there might be an opportunity to sell later down the road," another student explained.
In the end, the students choose to sell Tyson, but they'll have to take that decision to the board before a final decision is made.
So, the question is when do you decide to buy a stock and when to sell?
"I would say Pepsi for buying because it's something that everyone uses, everyone drinks it, and it's a stock that really has potential for growth," said a Pepsi drinker who admitted that had a little bit to do with his reasoning.
"I actually would suggest selling the PepsiCo stock because looking at the trends just over the last two years, whether it's a monthly basis, a weekly basis, a yearly basis, it's pretty steady, and although that's good because it means you're not losing, it also means you're not gaining," another student countered.
PepsiCo and Tyson, there's a reason to buy and a reason to sell. So, who's right?
"Some investors have a longer time horizon and are more in it for the long haul. Therefore, they can wait out some of those market fluctuations, and so it could be right for one to buy and right for another to sell. It just needs to make sense," Jordan Rosenberg explained.
And so far, this investor class is making cents and actually quite a few dollars, as well, but along with all the talk about portfolios and profits, Temple Israel Rabbi Josh Bennett says he hopes the students take away something even more important.
"This really couches itself in values from a religious tradition that then proves to these young people that they can apply their community values to the real world and see real results ... and that is giving back to the community in amazing ways."
They're all winners because they're all learning valuable lessons many adults never learn.
Half of the profits made will be going to charity. Graduating students will also receive a financial gift in the form of a scholarship for higher education.
Those enthusiastic students choose to even meet during their summer break before making a decision about buying and selling some of their investments.
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655 N.W.2d 92 (2002)
2002 SD 149
Martin RANDALL, Petitioner and Appellant,
v.
Douglas WEBER, Respondent and Appellee.
No. 22248.
Supreme Court of South Dakota.
Considered on Briefs October 8, 2002.
Decided December 4, 2002.
*94 John R. Murphy, Rapid City, Attorney for appellant.
Mark Barnett, Attorney General, Sherri Sundem Wald, Assistant Attorney General, Pierre, Attorneys for appellee.
PER CURIAM.
[¶ 1.] Martin Randall (petitioner) was convicted of aggravated assault for the vicious beating of Leighton Rich with a baseball bat. Petitioner is currently serving a fifteen-year prison sentence in the South Dakota State Penitentiary. Through a writ of habeas corpus, petitioner asserts that his conviction was obtained in violation of his constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel. We affirm.
FACTS AND PROCEDURE
[¶ 2.] On December 22, 1996, Rich was at a Rapid City motel room with three *95 friends. At some point during the evening four other individuals came to the room: Petitioner; his brother, Thomas Randall; Ardene Pawnee Leggins; and, Butter Mouseaux. An altercation ensued and petitioner, his brother and Mouseaux left the motel room. The three men then returned and Rich was beaten with a baseball bat and tire iron. Rich suffered severe injuries including a fractured skull and brain damage. Petitioner was charged with aggravated assault for his role in the altercation; specifically, he was alleged to have hit the victim with the baseball bat. Initially, petitioner was tried alone because of a statement he made that was admissible against him but not his brother. Shortly before the first trial petitioner's counsel, Timothy Rensch, learned that Mouseaux had bragged to another person, Ken Chapman, that he had hit Rich with the bat.[1] Rensch attempted to introduce this statement through Chapman as a declaration against penal interest. The trial court found the statement inadmissible: defense counsel had not been able to demonstrate that Mouseaux was unavailable, and the trustworthiness of the statement had not been sufficiently shown. SDCL 19-16-32 (Rule 804(b)(3)). Proceeding without the admission of this hearsay statement, petitioner's first trial resulted in a hung jury.
[¶ 3.] Petitioner was then tried a second time; however, his trial was joined with that of his brother, Thomas. Significantly, at the second trial the State added Leggins as a witness, who was present at the time of the incident but had previously been unavailable. State also relied on two other eyewitness statements, including the victim's, that identified petitioner as the assailant with the bat.[2] In the second trial, petitioner's counsel Rensch, did not attempt to introduce the out of court statement from Mouseaux to Chapman. Petitioner was convicted following his second trial. He asserts that the failure of his counsel to present this hearsay statement during the second trial constituted ineffective assistance of counsel in violation of both state and federal constitutional guarantees.
ISSUE
[¶ 4.] Was counsel ineffective for failing to offer into evidence the hearsay statement.
DISCUSSION
[¶ 5.] Ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of fact and law upon which this Court can substitute its own judgment on whether counsel's representation was ineffective. See Lykken v. Class, 1997 SD 29, ¶ 6, 561 N.W.2d 302, 304. In determining whether a defendant suffered from ineffective assistance of counsel, this Court has adopted the two prong test from Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984), reh'g denied 467 U.S. 1267, 104 S.Ct. 3562, 82 L.Ed.2d 864 (1984). Those two prongs are: (1) whether trial counsel made errors that were so serious that he was not functioning as counsel guaranteed by the constitution; and, (2) whether those errors seriously prejudiced the defendant to the extent that they deprived him of a fair trial.
Relying on Strickland, [the Court in] Woods v. Solem, 405 N.W.2d 59, 61 (S.D. 1987), held that prejudice exists when there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the proceeding would have been different. It is not enough for the petitioner *96 to show that the verdict would have been different, he must show `that the counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.
Fast Horse v. Leapley, 521 N.W.2d 102, 104 (S.D.1994). See also Mitchell v. Class, 524 N.W.2d 860, 862 (S.D.1994); Luna v. Solem, 411 N.W.2d 656, 658 (S.D.1987).
[¶ 6.] Effective assistance of counsel is not equated with a successful result. Jenner v. Leapley, 521 N.W.2d 422, 425 (S.D.1994); State v. McBride, 296 N.W.2d 551, 554 (S.D.1980). This Court presumes that an attorney is competent until a showing to the contrary is made, so a petitioner alleging ineffective assistance of counsel carries a heavy burden. Lykken, 1997 SD 29 at ¶ 20, 561 N.W.2d at 307; State v. Walker, 287 N.W.2d 705, 706 (S.D. 1980).
Further, there is a strong presumption that counsel's performance falls within the wide range of professional assistance and the reasonableness of counsel's performance is to be evaluated from counsel's perspective at the time of the alleged error and in light of all the circumstances and the standard of review is highly deferential. The petitioner must overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances, the challenged action might be considered sound trial strategy.
Bradley v. Weber, 1999 SD 68, ¶ 19, 595 N.W.2d 615, 621.
[¶ 7.] It is well settled that "[i]n reviewing trial counsel's performance, it is not this Court's function to second guess the decisions of experienced trial attorneys regarding matters of trial tactics unless the record shows that counsel failed to investigate and consider possible defenses and to exercise their good faith judgment thereon." Sprik v. Class, 1997 SD 134, ¶ 24, 572 N.W.2d 824, 829. The determination does not rest on whether this Court finds the tactics or strategy employed to be the most advantageous but, instead, whether counsel satisfied the Strickland standard of competence. In reviewing whether counsel acted reasonably we analyze counsel's performance in light of the circumstances then existing. Neither the result reached nor second-guessing with the benefit of hindsight determine the reasonableness of counsel's performance.
While this court will not compare counsel's performance to that of some idealized "super-lawyer" and will respect the integrity of counsel's decision in choosing a particular strategy, these considerations must be balanced with the need to insure that counsel's performance was within the realm of competence required of members of the profession.
Roden v. Solem, 431 N.W.2d 665, 667 n. 1 (S.D.1988). "An attorney must make a reasonable investigation and must make reasonable decisions to forego particular investigations." In re Application of Deserly, 507 N.W.2d 905, 907 (S.D.1993). A difference in trial tactics does not amount to ineffective assistance of counsel. Fast Horse, 521 N.W.2d at 106.
[¶ 8.] "No two trial lawyers approach the same case from the same perspective, nor do they always develop the same trial strategy; thus, what to one appears to be sound, may to another appear unwise. A reviewing court must always be alert to distinctions between disagreement over tactic and valid complaints of inadequate counsel." Myrick v. Maschner, 799 F.2d 642, 647 (10th Cir.1986). "Furthermore, trial strategy cannot be used as a basis for establishing constitutionally deficient counsel." Ice v. Weber, 2002 SD 4, ¶ 23, 638 N.W.2d 557, 562. Petitioner must "show more than that the trial strategy of the defense counsel backfired *97 or that another attorney would have prepared and tried the case in a different manner." Knecht v. Weber, 2002 SD 21, ¶ 21, 640 N.W.2d 491, 500.
[¶ 9.] The facts demonstrate that defense counsel was both aware of and had attempted to introduce this statement at the first trial. In this regard, counsel did investigate and discover this statement and made a conscious decision not to introduce the same. Compare Hadley v. Groose, 97 F.3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir.1996) (granting habeas relief for failing to investigate and present exculpatory evidence). Petitioner now challenges counsel's decision not to attempt to introduce the statement again at the second trial after properly remedying any problems with its admissibility.[3] Instructively, defense counsel testified:
In the first trial it played into my theory of defense because Lisa Randall (witness) said whoever threw the beer was the one who hit [Rich] with the baseball bat. So I wanted to tie her down and argue to the jury that she said [Mouseaux] threw the beer can, so he had to have been the one who hit [Rich] with the baseball bat, and because of that, [petitioner] shouldn't be convicted of this offense.
Whereas, to the contrary:
At the time of the second trial, that wasn't really available. That wasn't really something I could do. Here's the reason. In the first trial they didn't have the person named [Leggins] to testify. He was an eyewitness. In the second trial they had [Leggins] testifying. And he put [Mouseaux] there. He put them all there and he put the Randall boys clubbing [Rich] over the head.
After I've got him putting [Mouseaux] there and making this all one act, it's kind of combined so to speak, the presence of [Mouseaux] I think at that second trial would have been something that would have taken away my ability to argue that there was doubt as to these identifications, and it would have put the Randall boys in a situation of being aiders and abettors and it would have weakened my strongest argument. And the strongest argument on the case was hey; you don't know really what happened here, you don't know who did it. These people say somebody else did it in the beginning. The physical description that Lisa Randall and the other witnesses provided in the beginning of five-foot eleven totally and completely excludes [petitioner] because he was the biggest guy in the courtroom. He was six-foot five. He was much heavier than they previously stated when they were witnesses.
Additionally, defense counsel believed there were facts showing that Leggins may have been involved somehow and therefore "wanted the jury to draw their own conclusion that the perpetrator in this case was [Leggins]. And so the presence of [Mouseaux] would have hurt that."
[¶ 10.] We have recognized that "the selection of a defense is a trial strategy which this Court will seldom reevaluate." Sprik, 1997 SD 134 at ¶ 32, 572 N.W.2d at 831. In this case, the addition of Leggins as an eyewitness bolstered State's case. The decision not to present this hearsay witness was trial strategy. The record reveals that counsel considered and rejected the course the petitioner now asserts as *98 appropriate: "Looking back on it and reading the transcript again, the doubt that was created by the misidentifications was a lot better defense than trying to utilize a de facto third-party perpetrator defense." The introduction of a competing theory offered by a hearsay witness could have weakened defense counsel's attempts to challenge the identification and the attempt to portray Leggins as the possible assailant.
[¶ 11.] As recognized by the habeas court, defense counsel is an experienced attorney and made a decision concerning trial strategy. Counsel's decision not to corroborate the testimony of prosecution witnesses by offering this statement, the same witnesses that counsel intended to challenge as unreliable to thwart their identification of petitioner, was reasonable. See e.g., Tosh v. Lockhart, 879 F.2d 412, 414 (8th Cir.1989) ("[T]he decision not to use alibi testimony may reflect the reasonable exercise of judgment in view of the attorney's concern that the testimony would be conflicting."). This is particularly so in light of the fact that all the eyewitnesses had previously given inconsistent identifications of the assailants.
[¶ 12.] This tactical decision was not ineffective assistance of counsel and we affirm the denial of habeas corpus relief.
[¶ 13.] Affirmed.
[¶ 14.] GILBERTSON, Chief Justice, and SABERS, KONENKAMP and ZINTER, Justices, and AMUNDSON, Retired Justice, participating.
[¶ 15.] MEIERHENRY, Justice, not having been a member of the Court at the time this action was submitted to the Court, did not participate.
NOTES
[1] Neither Mouseaux nor Chapman testified at the habeas hearing.
[2] The eyewitnesses were all subject to credibility attacks based on prior inconsistent statements identifying the assailants.
[3] In analyzing Petitioner's claim we assume this testimony would have been admissible in the second trial.
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Rain Design
Rain Design is a multi-awarded brand that brought you stylish ergonomic computer products and other accessories for Apple devices. You can now optimize your work space and protect your laptops, MacBooks, iPads with stands and holders that puts your screen at exactly the right level of your comfort.
Rain Design stands and holders are designed to work both for Apple and PC laptops of any size, ensuring compatibility with all your favorite notebooks, ultrabooks computer systems. Stands and holders that are made of durable materials to ensure years of usage and are raised in a level to ensure airflow around your device to reduce heat buildup. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9301855564117432}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '58611', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6BJXHTI6ZYZ4TB3KZUUVKLAQXRIZVWZX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:caba0a7e-43b1-48bb-af4f-522117884008>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 9, 1, 40, 20), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.227.38.64', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:K5RLT4HDUDZT6C4D2K6SVKOUPTUNXH7F', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:111f0011-6df5-4fe4-8856-9b9a9ae0010a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.tsatrading.com/collections/rain-design', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8836c39-3829-4bd7-b4b1-7f45dc5dc546>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '116', 'url': 'https://www.tsatrading.com/collections/rain-design', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-113.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2302720546722412', 'original_id': 'da830a4a05b207651831ed4fc547685f5a149f132861d3200775bc8e7368a916'} |
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fine art photographer and environmentalist from Canada.
Best known for his colour immersive and extensive large size landscape photography artwork of wildlife, American southwest, Africa and Canada, often rendering mountains, waterfalls and sunset sunrise and also sometime depicting dramatic natural phenomena that he sees during his photography expedition.
Born in quebec, he was attracted to the art world from the beginning of his early life. He did his first hand drawing before he could walk and would bring pencils & paper on familly vacation anywhere they would travel. He had a few friends, but his familly in Chambly provided ample childhood activities. He had no patience for games or team sport, but took the beauty of nature at an early age. He completed his Art degree at CEGEP Old Montreal & Bachelor at Universite du quebec in Montreal.
He is an autodidact Artist & photographer, learning mostly through a lenghty scientific method. In 1984 he changed his art medium from drawin and painting to black and white photography after learning a few camera tricks from his older brother using a Pentax ME Super.
The purpose of his introspective photo-art is to reveal positive emotions and well-being through the sublime beauty of nature. Humanity if represented, is depicted as accessory or minuscule in comparison to the greater exquisite beauty & reality of nature.
In april 1984, MALTESTE began experimenting with darkroom using Ilford black and white film and photo paper. He later made his first long exposure color photograph of a F1 sport car using Fuji Velvia slide film. He began digital photography in 2009 with a top of the line newly acquired Nikon D3X camera. In 2010 he began manual digital stitching for panoramic photography and learned about GIGA-UHD giant format photography during the same period. Since 2014 he has a folding plexiglass car roof tent (Autohome) mounted on the top of his car to allow more freedom during his adventurous photography expeditions.
He only shoots "in camera" with a Nikon digital camera using exclusivelly tilt and shift lenses and a large collection of neutral optical filters. He shoots only in natural light conditions and demonstrates a highly methodical approach in his photography.
For perfect planes of sharpness & absolute photo accuracy, he uses an old view camera technique called the Scheimpflug principleHis technique emphasizes both sharp and deep focus (sometimes called straight photography), a more realistic approach that relies more heavily on sharp focus, heightened contrast & accurate exposure. He emphasises the use of long exposure in natural light wich creates sharp details combined with a painterly effect on a wide range of focus.
Previsualization is his most important technique, "visualizing" each image before taking it toward the goal of achieving altogether the aesthetic, intelectual, spiritual and mecanical desired effect. His composition & perspective are drawn from an ultra low to center vantage point. This immersive position enables the viewer to encounter scenes encompassing low, center, top & all periphery in absolute perfect focus, wich are ordinarly totally beyond reach altogether.
His style is based on a carefully detailed Expressionism & romanticism photography style with a slight presence of soul and emotions and a glowing lighting effect, sometimes called Luminism.
He is best known for his calm, serene and high impact lifelike color photographs and the large size and overall quality of his genuine photo paper prints.
GIANT SIZE: He is able to produce his photo artwork on GENUINE AgX silver-halide photo paper in sizes exceeding 20x62 feet (6.09M X 18.89M).
PRINTING PROCESS: Every "artist proof" & "The One" series photo-artwork are meticulously printed on GENUINE AgX silver halide photo paper, which increases the dynamic range, tonal values, light sensitivity and glow of the artwork while helping accentuate the vibrant ultra lifelike contrasts and colors. This photo paper is the absolute best printing material curently available for any discriminating photographer.
Hudson school & Luminism painter: Albert Bierstadt
Baroque painters: Johannes VermeerRembrandtVelasquez
Post-Impressionism painter: Vincent Van Gogh
Expressionist & Symbolist painter: Gustav Klimt
GROUP f/64
Alfred Stieglitz
Claudio miranda
Darius Wolski
Roger Deadkins
Janusz Kaminski
Christopher Doyle
Eduardo Serra
Zhang Yimou
Ridley Scott
Martin Scorsese
Robert Zemeckis
Terrence malick
Steven Spielberg
Denis Villeneuve
Hanz Zimmer
Jean-Michel Jarre
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/ uUptrsftelft (UnUrrtum ACCOUNT or ■ * / SARAH LAWRANCE; MANY YEARS A SERVANT, OR ADOPTED DAUGHTER, RATHER , - • OF r MR. and MRS. FLETCHER. WHITTEN BY MRS. FLETCHER. LONDON t PRINTED BY THOMAS CORDEUX; MU BY TBOMAB BL AN SHARD, 14, CITY-ROAD, AND H, PATER* ITOSTKR-BOW. 1820. - - . ••.•.<! 'V : .* so o .if /ii u-rr/iUM ■MBi AN ACCOUNT, &c. SARAH LAWRANCE was the niece of my friend Sarah Ryan. Providence cast her into onr hands, when a little child. As she increased in reason, we observed a remarkably upright, obedient spirit in her, and a great attachment to us. When very young, she would often cry to the Lord, with great earnestness, that she might never be separated from me. • One thing was remarkable j if her aunt and I were conversing about any thing private, we had no need to cau- tion her, if present, for I never knew her, though a child, repeat any thing ; such a sense she seemed always to feel of the duty of keeping a secret, and such a watchfulness, even at that age, over her words. And in above forty years she lived with me, I have never found in her any . declension from this spirit of faithfulness j and from the time she became my friend, as well as | child, I could consider every word spoken to her as secure as in my own bosom. The marks of a work of grace beginning on her soul, might be observed very early. Before she was eight years old, she was often under strong convictions for sin, as she afterwards told me, and frequently was afraid when she lay down in bed that she should awake in hell! When she was about ten years of age, she found a Strong desire to be devoted to God ; and when A 2 ( 4 ) she heard us read in the family of the sufferings of our Lord, or of the martyrs, it would kindle in her breast an intense desire to suffer some- thing for Him who had borne so much for her j and she used to do. many actions, according to her childish idea, to satisfy that desire,— such as tying her arms behind her all night, and lying in the most uneasy posture she could, &c. Often she was filled with thankfulness for the opportu- nity she had of receiving a religious education ; and determined, if ever she was carried into the world, she never would be like others. “ No,” said she, (( not so much as my cap will I change j I will always walk by the rules and plan I have been brought up by 5 and if I have any thing to do with children, I will strive to teach them as I have been taught.”. And truly in this she made good her words. She did labour and delight in the children’s meetings, which she held in differ- ent places. And such a gift of wisdom for the instruction of youth, as she was blest with for these many years past, I have seldom ob- served. , When about sixteen, conviction for sin was fastened more deeply on her mind ; and I have heard her tell with what earnest cries and tears she used to wrestle with the Lord, that He would make her a Christian indeed, and join her to his people here, and hereafter. She had such a •sense of the Sin of her fallen. ■PH ( 5 ) § she went to Leeds old church to be confirmed. She walked home again alone, (about five miles,) and all the way was pleading with the Lord, that she might never grow slack again. When she got near home, the word came to her with much power, / will keep thee as the apple of mine eye . This filled her soul with delight and * consolation, now firmly believing she should be made a true child of God. (The following I take from her own account.) “For two or three weeks after this, I continued to be much in ear- nest, and was encouraged to believe the Lord would give me a clear evidence that I was for- given. On Tuesday night, before I came into the class-meeting, I thought I will determine to speak quite freely to night, (a thing I had been quite backward to do.) My mistress met the class, and begun with that word, ‘ Rejoice evermore, and in every thing give thanks.’ When she came to speak to me, she said, Sally, have you nothing to give thanks for ?’ I answered, ‘Yes, many things;’ and named the above promise. In doing which I felt my faith a little increased. I * “ Next day, coming into her room, she asked me. If I could trust in the Lord now? adding, ‘All is done on his side. ’Tis only for you to accept it by believing.’ I replied, ‘ I think I can ;’ but as I left the room, a doubt started up, I do not know my sins are forgiven. Yet I thought I do feel a change. The Friday following, as she was meeting the children, my hope increased ; and while she was repeating those words in prayer, ‘ There is now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus,’ I felt such a confidence, there was no condemnation for me, as filled my whole soul with joy and love. Now A 3 * ' r (. « ) I did feel the liberty of God’s dear children, and I think, if all earth and hell had opposed, it seems to me impossible a doubt should have entered in. In this sweet liberty, keeping the peaceful presence of God, I continued to walk for some months. (t One day, meeting with something that was trying, I spoke a hasty word to one of the family j immediately 1 felt a cloud on my mind, and could not rejoice in the Lord as before, though I sought it with prayers and tears. From that day I received a deeper conviction than ever before of the necessity of all evil tempers being removed out of my heart. And for the next four months my whole soul seemed engaged in the pursuit of that deliverance ; and I w 7 as often in the daily expectation thereof, and I especially looked for it in every means of grace. One Wednesday night, in that blessed meeting we used to have once a fortnight at Cross Hall, where so many were blest, while I was waiting on the Lord, and saw myself as lying at the Pool side, long- ing for the Lord to say, Be clean , my soul was engaged in fervent prayer that I might that night be brought into clear . liberty ; and while my dear mistress was praying, several premises were applied to my mind, such as, ‘ Thou art clean through the word I have spoken unto thee,’ &c. I now felt unbelief give way, and was enabled to cast my soul on the perfect atonement, and felt ' the Divine efficacy of that blood which cleanseth from all sin. (This was December 30, 1778.) J From that night I felt a very great change, and begun to walk much more closely w r ith God than I had done before. That which I enjoyed in Justification was precious, but this far ex- ceeded, Now I could begin the new year with a ; ( 7 ) new heart; and so powerfully did the love of God fill and enlarge my soul, that I was con- strained many times to cry out in the fulness thereof, * Whom have I in heaven but thee, and there is none upon earth I desire in comparison with thee.’ I could truly say, ‘ All slavish fear is gone ; I have but one fear to displease that gracious God who hath done so much for me.’ Now I could rejoice in tribulation, crosses, and provocations. I felt the love which never faileth, and a delight in the thought that I had any thing to bear for God. I found a continual watchful- ness, and such an invariable sense of the Lord’s approval, that I was every moment as it were afresh accepted in the Beloved. “ After walking in this liberty for some months, a circumstance occurred which proved to me a source of many sorrows. Being one day falsely accused by some I was conversing with, I an- swered the truth; but perceiving what I said was not received, I felt grief, it being a near point, and one in which 1 was perfectly clear. I did not speak an unkind word, nor indeed feel any thing contrary to love. But I burst into tears ; on which one said, who at that time lived with us, ‘Well, Sally, don’t you feel sin now ? If' you don’t, what makes you cry?’ A cloud immediately fell on my mind, and I began to reason, ‘what was it made me cry!’ do I not feel something wrong ? Shall I not again be as before ; with many fiery darts which satan took the opportunity to throw in ; and looking at the waves, I began to sink, and unbelief once more '\ lifted up its head, and I was driven into many fears and needless scruples. I now felt the most anxious desire to recover the ground I had lost ; but not clearly seeing the way of faith, I strove to ( 8 ) go great lengths in fasting and self-denial, and herein the devil got the advantage, and tossed my soul with sore temptation. I was, as I thought, condemned in every thing I went about, fearing I sought my own will, and afraid to eat my bread, or put on my clothes, lest it should be an indulgence. By this I much hurt my health, and more my soul. For my mind was so taken up with reasoning about every thing I did, that it kept me in continual temptation, and prevented that quiet attention to the Lord which is the only posture for the soul to grow in. And I have since clearly discovered that that was the very thing satan strove for. I found, however, at times, many gracious visits from the Lord, and had sweet communion with Him. My desire to do his will in every point was strong and ardent, and my heart was ready to break at the thought of having declined from that intimate union I once enjoyed. “About this time I dreamed that I saw a bright cloud. As I looked on it, it grew more and more glorious, and there appeared in it a company of the heavenly host, which I saw as far as the head, shoulders, and breast. But one among them I saw quite to the feet, of exquisite beauty. ~ He came through the cloud, and ap- peared in a field near our garden. I cried Out, * O Nanny Walker, there is the Lord Jesus'.’ I ran to the garden-door and opened it. He took hold of my hand and kissed me, and came with me into the parlour! I run to tell my mistress, the Lord Jesus was in the parlour ! She went in, and after a time they came out together, and went into the red room, where I thought Mr. Wesley was sitting. Our Lord touched his forehead, and said, * You are in the presence of God, and the holy angels.’ He then came into the parlour again. ( 9 ) I thought, I long to go in, and opening the door, I met him. He kissed me, and said, ‘ Before I come again, you will be taken.’ To which I an- swered, ‘Ah! Lord, I often fear I shall never hold out. I shall never come there.’ He then stooped down, and took up my right foot, and set it down again. It was explained to me-— He would order my steps. Then he went through the garden, and gradually ascended till I saw him no more.” I would I here observe, some time after my dear Mr. Fletcher’s death, as I was one day pleading with the Lord to raise up more helpers in the work, the word came to me, ‘ the spirit of Elijah shall rest on Elisha.’ I thought, it meant her, and soon after a visible concern arose in her mind, more forcible than ever, for the souls of the people, and in particular of the rising generation. And such a gift was then given her for children, as I have hardly seen in any one, and a love like that of a parent. Next, the sick were laid on her heart, and she ran far and near to seek and re- lieve them, both in soul and body ; insomuch, that it greatly broke her little strength, which was always but small. One night she dreamed she was looking out at our chamber windows on a parcel of fowls of all sorts and sizes, in the yard, when she saw a very little bird flying to and fro over them, and as each put up its head the little bird put a bit into its mouth. After looking on them some time, she thought she called me, and said, ‘ Only look how that little creature feeds those great fowls.’ She then saw a most beautiful pillar in the sky j it appeared like gold exceeding bright. She was solemnly affected at the sight, and awoke with the appli- cation of these words to her heart, ‘ I have 9 ( 10 ) made thee as this little bird, follow me, and I will make thee a pillar/ This brought to her mind a promise given her many years back j “ I will make thee a pillar in my house to go out no more.” * But though she had many sweet times of encouragement, her mind had usually a de- jected turn. To hear her speak of her state in the meetings, you would almost have thought slie had been cold, careless, and unfaithful, idle, and good for nothing, so frequently was she buf- feted with fiery darts of accusation ; but at that very time, how have I been humbled to the dust, at the ardent zeal and diligent application where- with she sought after the good of her fellow- creatures. For reproving sin, and inviting to the means of grace, few could equal her. Here I did indeed sed the spirit of my dear Mr. Fletcher seem to rest on her ; and like him, she begun a meeting in a very hardened part of the parish with a bell in her hand, — the occasion of which was as follows : About this time there was a play begun of a very loose sort, which drew in many of the young people. They used each night to pass by our door like mad crea- tures j she was greatly afflicted at this, as it ap- peared to be an inlet to much sin of many kinds. While she was continually laying the matter before the Lord, some men also began a game each night in the church-yard. She felt a con- viction to reprove these, but found her nature very averse to such a cross ; however, as her greatest fear was that of not being faithful to what the Lord required, she ventured out among them, and strove to turn their minds to a better purpose, intreating them, with tears of love and pity, to take some thought for their souls, for „ whom the blood of Jesus had been shed. And ( 11 ) so did the Lord bless her feeble endeavours, that it was quite broken up from that very night* Encouraged by this, she still made her requests known to the Lord, that he might overturn the other evil also ; and one night, standing at the door of our meeting room, by which they used to pass, she began to speak to them, but alas ! it was like stopping mad bulls j then she said, if I cannot stop you I will break your ranks ; and laying hold of two young women, she held them while she conversed with them, several more of the company passing by at the time, both men and women ; and, blessed be God, we saw no more of it for two years, when some, whom we knew, made an attempt to renew it. We again cried to the Lord ; and to some of the beads of it we sent this message . — “ As I was Standing at the window looking on them, the thought passed my mind. Ah, poor things ! this is all the pleasure they will have to all eternity unless they repent.” The message was carried, and we have cause to praise God the sinful cus- tom was quite broke off. After, the night above mentioned, when she spoke to the young women, and the play was given up, she took the first opportunity to go down the town, and inquire who were the ringleaders of the affair, and found it to be some navigators who were lately come into the parish to work at the new cut ; she went to the houses where they lodged, and conversed with them, and observing to them the blessing promised on family prayer, she persuaded : them to join with her therein. The thought . then . struck her ■mind, if she could once a week come to some house, and spend a little time with the children, | and then about half an hour with the grown ( 12 ) people, that it would be a blessing. A place im- mediately opened, and each Thursday night, for near five years, she constantly attended them. But as she strove to suit their, time, which varied at different parts of the year, she took the little bell in her hand, because they were not to gather till they heard it. This called out a number of children $ and, O may her labours on them, as well as the parents, be found to everlasting life in that day ! Madeley Town is a hardened spot. I do not know I ever found more discouragement in speaking any where than there ; and she was brought to shed tears over them . many times, when going from door to: door she intreated them to come, and in return met With only re- proach and rudeness. But that was nothing to her, , who sought no honour but from God; Sometimes Satan would represent, how ridicu- lous she appeared in their eyes ; and when carnal strangers passed by in carnages, &c. that they would think her mad. But as these means she knew had been instrumental in calling some, and had been blest to . many, as well as prevented much sin, she rejoiced to have the honour of being thought a fool for Christ. And such an intense love did she feeL towards them, at the very time they were ridiculing her, that she has told me, “It seemed, she could, with pleasure, submit to be bound to a stake and burned, if it might but draw these . souls to choose the way of life.” It has long been very grievous .to us, that at Christmas, Easter, and Whitsuntide, the carnal people would frequently introducedancing, shews, &c. and much did she labour to prevent this gross abuse of these holy seasons. One night, passing 4 ( 13 ) by a public house, where they were dancing, she looked to the Lord for power, and going in among them began to plead with them, and in a very moving and tender manner to express the love and concern she felt for their souls. And glory be to God, we have some in heaven* - who dated their first conviction from that hour. Indeed her whole soul seemed to be drawn out after the salvation of all around her. She began meetings in different places, on which numbers attended. Her method was, after singing and prayer, to read some life, experience, or some awakening author, stopping now and then, to explain and apply it as the Lord gave her utter- ance. And several, who are now lively believers in pur connexion, were brought in through that means. But in every step she inquired of the Lord, fearing much to take one out of his order. She has mentioned to me a dream she had (I don't exactly know the time) in which she thought, she was informed her father (who died in the Lord many years ago,) was in a certain place and desired to see her ; and that she and I went together for that purpose : but that in the way, I asked her to go and look at a dial, and tell me what hour it was. She went down a step stone walk, and saw it was just eleven, and came to a place which struck her with a solemn impression that God had a work to do there, and having a dish of corn in her hand, she stopt, and said, I will throw some of this com about, in token the Lord will some time sow his Gospel in this place. As she went, a woman came out of her door and abused her much •, but in her return the same woman bestowed many blessings upon her. She thought we went on till we came to an house, where we found her father. He B i ( 14 ) shewed her much affection, and said, ‘ My dear child, I could not rest till I saw you/ (A little before his death he had a promise of salvation for all his children.) After this she awoke. The - dream made a strong impression on her mind, / and often has she told me, she did believe she was to be called to some place she had never seen. But as it had a resemblance to some we passed through in Wales, she rather thought it would be in that country. When the works commenced in Coalport, and the inhabitants began to increase, she was strongly invited to come and hold a meeting there ; and found her mind drawn to accept this offer. But how was she struck, when the very stone walk and all the place where she had sown the corn, was as plain to her natural eye, as before she had seen it represented in her dream. On her return she said, “ The houses and every part is as exact as if I had had it drawn in a picture.” Here she continued to attend every other Sunday night, for four years, and much of the power of God was felt there. The sinners would scoff; but her word was amazingly re- ceived by numbers ; and deeply did they lament when she could no longer meet with them as usual, and many an earnest prayer did they put up that she might be restored to them again. i have before observed she had a natural tendency to be low ; which was in part constitu- tional, and indeed I think she possessed the full answer of that prayer — “ Quick as the apple of an eye, O God, my conscience make.” She thirsted after a full conformity to God, and panted to worship him in the beauty of holiness ; . ' ( 15 ) , often would she plead with the Lord to let her know what she was in his sight. One night she dreamed she was in a room with another person, but 'did not remember with whom. They were both much taken up with admiring a beautiful picture. As they were about to leave the room, she turned her head to have another look, and was surprised to see it move ; when going before it she perceived its motions were similar to her own ; she then saw her whole person from head to foot, as in a looking-glass, and of exquisite beauty : then lifting up her mind to the Lord, with inquiring wonder she was answered, ( 1 have made thee comely, through my comeliness, which I have put upon thee.’ On which she awoke, praising the Lord. As she lay in the same room with me, she told me of it. I made answer : Well, it is the glass of faith, and when you steadily look through it, it shews you what you are -in the reflected beauties of your Lord. I must here observe, from the time she thought she had lost that salvation, I could never discern in her aDy spirit but that of the most perfect dead- ness to earth, and such a submission to crosses of every kind as augured to me, her will was entirely lost in that of God. I lament she did not keep a diary, but some little scraps I have found in her desk ; one is a letter she wrote to a friend on her dear master’s death — “ Sept. 6, 1785. “ My dear Friend, t( In much trouble and grief of mind I now write to you. I have for a long time had many deep waters to wade |hrough. My dear mistress was taken ill of a fever, and came out in spots B 2 < w ) My master and I suffered much in the fear of her being taken from us j but our gracious Lord in mercy to us hath raised her again. But before she was quite recovered my dear master was taken ill. And, O, what tongue can tell the patience with which he endured his affliction? He was all resignation to the will of God j life or death seemed equal to him. Indeed he had lived in such holy familiarity with death, that every day he would be talking of it j and at night, when lying down in his bed, he Used to say, f I seem to see myself as a Corps stretched out on this bedstead.’ Then he would add, ‘ Lord, give us dying grace,’ and indeed he had it. O had you been favoured with waiting on my dear master in his dying moments, as I was, you would have seen how he passed through the valley of the shadow of death, and feared no evil. Satan seemed to have no power to tempt him : no, he had fought the good fight j and had then nothing to do but to slip quietly out of this into a better world. Never did I see one so filled with the love of God as he was. His whole soul seemed wrapped up in love ! so that he often cried aloud, * God is love ! He hath given me such a manifestation of Himself in that character, as quite fills me ! I cannot tell you half I feel !’ He strove to com- fort my dear mistress,, saying, ‘My dearest, what canst thou fear when God is Love !’ He would often express great ^thankfulness for their union ; and sure never were two more closely united. When on his death-bed he would look at her, and say, ‘ My dear, my precious, iny generous Polly, God will open all thy way before thee.’ She nursed him most tenderly, night and day, and never left him at all ; and he often ex- , ( 17 ) pressed his great satisfaction in having her so constantly about him j indeed the Lord wonder- fully gave her strength for the day. But, O, the stroke is very heavy upon her ! no one can tell what she goes through ; she seems ripening for glory, and I often fear her stay will be short. Lord, prepare me for that day. Truly it is a • heavy stroke to me. I have lost the best of masters, and a kind, affectionate, tender father. But should I lose my dear mistress, who hath been such an indulgent mother to me for near ' twenty-five years, I should indeed become a de- solate orphan. But the Lord knows what will be best ; I desire to give myself wholly up to Him. I find nothing will do but a constant looking to Jesus through all. Satan strives to oppress me, but the Lord gives me many precious promises, and I find him very near to me. / 1 often rejoice in the thought of one day seeing my dear Redeemer face to face, and there meet- ing my dear friends, never to part again. O ! 4 will not be long before we shall have done with this weary world, and tempting devil. Hold out faith and patience a little longer. “ How little did I think, on August 14, 1/83, when on our journey to Ireland, that this day two years, the convoy of angels, the chariots of Israel, that separated Elijah from Elisha, would take my dear, dear master from my head that day ! Yes, he is gone from me ! but I still comfort myself with that thought. He who late my friend received, will send the chariot soon for me : - ‘ Yes — for us is prepar’d ( 18 ) Ready wing’d for their flight, To the regions of light, The horses will come, The chariot rf Israel to carry US home !’ ” One more little fragment I find written in the white page of a book : £c August, 1795. Yesterday being the second Sunday in the month, I found it a solemn season, a day much to be remembered, as it was just ten years since when my dear master was called to enter an eternal Sabbath of Rest. I feel my* heart greatly drawn out in prayer, that I might enter into a larger measure of that rest which remains for the people of God. For though, glory be to his dear name, I have clearly felt his pardoning love for more than eighteen years, and have often found seasons, when I could truly feel I did love God with all my heart ; yet those happy moments were but short : unbelief would creep in, and too, too often my unwatchful heart would give way to discouragement, and let go its little hold on that glorious liberty. But yesterday how did my soul long and pant for my dear Lord, to come and make his abode in my worthless heart. I feel Him mine. I can in- deed say, ‘ With me thou do’st ev’n now reside, Butin me thou shalt soon abide.’ ” As I flattered myself that she would close my eyes, I tenderly felt the pain she would suffer in the loss of me ; and wished to alleviate it to the utmost of my power. ( 19 ) “ October 2 , 1786. a My very dear Sally, “ I charge you never give way to the thought that you could have been to me any thing more than you have, for it is a temptation ! you have been to me a faithful child, and a great comfort. From the time I lost your dear and precious master, you have, under God, been my greatest temporal consolation. Give me now up to the Lord, in full confidence you shall come to us, and abide with us for ever. Sorrow not as those who have no hope of seeing their friends again, for you shall shortly be with us in glory, i And the days which in heaven we spend, For ever and ever shall last. 5 ” In the year 1790, being ill, I wrote a postscript to confirm the above, and three years after as follows : — “June 19, 1793. “ My dearest Child, t( I have been reading over my first letter to you, wrote in 1786, and that of 1790, and do with all my heart, confirm every word therein. You are to me a most precious gift of the Al- mighty, and the greatest comfort, (next to God) of my life. It is my sorrow and sin that ever I ' have grieved you in any thing, for I am witness how tenderly and constantly you have strove in every thing to add to my happiness, and your | labour has not been lost. What a support and t comfort have you been to me in all my trials and afflictions ! I wish I could do more for you - in temporals. But you know I have made my will as I thought conscience dictated j and I thank God for being able to do for you as I have ( 20 ) j > • % ‘ : • ; done; and now I can with confidence commit ; my dearest child to the arms of the Almighty, and am sure he will preserve both soul and body ; for the Lord hath said to me, ( I will bless those that bless thee/ and never could I claim that promise more fully for any one than I can for you, in firm confidence it shall be an- i swered. And now believe you are still one with me in the Lord. Remember forgetfulness is mortal, and gratitude is immortal ! I can there- fore never forget you. Believe your dear master and I are ready to receive and welcome you to the mansions of glory ! I pray and believe the Head of the Church to be your head, as my dear, dear husband prayed for me. And I pray that the Lord may cause His Spirit to rest on you in such a way, as shall help on the souls of the dear people united in these societies. And I think our spirits will be with you, whenever you are led to tell them -of the love of Jesus. When I was going a few Sabbaths ago to , meet the people at Coalport-House, she said to ' < ( 21 ) * ’/ , ^ me, ‘You may give them my loving remem - brace j if ever I was called any where, 1 surely was to that place. It seemed at times, as if my whole soul were drawn out in their behalf j and, when I think of the dear children, and grown persons too, who used to come through such deep roads to meet me, 1 cannot help turning my eyes, with tears and prayers, many times towards that spot. Well, I have a strong confi- dence I shall meet many of them at God’s right hand. When I have been coming home in a dark night over Sutton Common, I have found suCh a sense of the heavenly host being round about me, and such communion with them as I cannot describe.’ One day she said, with great tenderness, ‘ We have scarce ever been parted a day these forty years : how many hundred miles have we travelled together! And if the cold hand of death should now tear us asunder ; it will not be for a long time. We shall have a blessed meeting in glory.’ I replied, ‘ Little did I think to see this day : but we are called to resign ourselves to all the will of God ; I have been thinking of that Word 1 once heard my dear husband’s voice speaking to me soon after his death, ‘ For the joy that’s set before Thee, Bear a momentary pain : , Die, to live the life of glory. Suffer with thy Lord to reign.’ ** O !” said she, “ that was the Very Word which came to my mind last night; but my head was so confused with the fever I could not recollect it ; and this morning, as I was thinking on the faithfulness of God, 1 saw such a fulness in the promises as filled me with comfort, and the following words were impressed on my mind. ( 22 ) * Having loved 1 his own, he loveth them unto the end.’ ” She was greatly affected at the idea of my lonely situation, which we both saw to be aggra- vated by many particular circumstances ; and she expressed how gladly, if it had been the will of God, she would have drunk ojfethat bitter cup instead of me. As I was observing what some of the martyrs suffered, who left their families, languished in prisons, and were burnt at stakes she cried out, “ O what have I to be thankful for ! not one neglect ! how carefully am I attended. Ah, what should I have done without you at this time !” Seeing me greatly afflicted, (though I strove to hide it from her) she expressed the tenderest concern, thinking of various things she wished to remind and counsel me about, and added, “ If you were but in heaven, with what pleasure should I look at death.” Next day she said, “ Many fiery darts have assaulted me this morning ; satan would have persuaded me that I am deceived, and that I have never known the Lord ; but I obtained relief by reflecting on the great change I felt when he first discovered his. love to my heart. For months before, I feared to go to bed ; so dreadful was the thought of death to me ; but that hour I felt his forgiving love. O, how often, night after night, have I lain down with delight to think the messenger of • death must come. Sometimes I have gone out into the fields, and looking around me, have thought how I could rejoice to see this earth rolling one part over another as a prelude to the Judge’s approach. Again, it was suggested. What if your experience is not like others, and you should not be ready ? You don’t know how others feel ; nor what they may mean by the ( 23 ) same words. I answered, I rely on nothing but the blood and power of the Lord Jesus, and none ever trusted in him, and was deceived. Then I cast my whole soul on Jesus, saying. Lord, here are clouds about me, but l will believe through this darkness. Immediately it was im- pressed with power on my heart, * Blessed are the eyes that have not seen, and yet have be- lieved and I was encouraged to hold fast my confidence, which hath great recompence of re- ward. I said, ‘ I will trust my great Physician’s skill, what he prescribes can ne’er be ill and many times in a day, these words have been applied to my mind, ‘ From all thy afflictions, My glory shall spring ; : And the deeper thy sorrows, the louder thou’lt sing.’ ” Afterwards she told me, “ It seems as if the Lord had bound the enemy, he cannot afflict me as formerly ; and if he suggest an accusation, these words pass through me in an instant, * Myself, w , ith all my sins, I cast On the atoning blood.’ Then Jesus shews me, he takes them all away, and the temptation is conquered.” When in much pain from continual coughing, with spasms all over her body, she sometimes cried out, “ Corruption, earth, and worms, Mia 11 but refine this flesh, Till my triumphant spirit comes, To put it on afresh.” ' Nov. 8. The complaint so affected her throat, that she could neither swallow nor speak without great pain. She said, <C I seldom awake but with these words in my heart, * Ask what thou wilt, and I will do it for thee.’ But, O, what ( 24 ) ran I ask ! I have nothing to ask equal to holi- ness. I feel my strongest desire is for that, above life, ease, or any other thing. My soul truly waits on the Lord, and he often suggests to my mind, ‘ Blessed are they who wait for me/ ” After a little pause, she added, “ I see such a sufficiency in Jesus, such a fulness as I cannot express. My whole soul is waiting on his .dear Will/’ Her sufferings were now very grievous. Not a spoonful could she swallow, but with ex- treme pain, usually accompanied with a severe fit of coughing ; yet the most perfect patience, and sweet resignation were visible in her whole deportment, night and day. On the 9th, she said, “ I have many sweet comforts from the Lord, while I lie awake in the night. I now find fulfilled what my dear master said to me on his death-bed,' Sally, you will never want a nurse, if you should be sick and weak. God will provide .you a tender nurse for ail the kindness you shew to me/ And, O, how do I prove it in you, my dear mistress : I should have been dead long ago, but for your tender care. I wish I were able to express what grati- tude I feel to God and you.” Indeed, through her whole illness she continually exclaimed, “ What comforts I have ! what tender attention ! How true is that word, ' The Lord is ,a strong hold in the time of trouble ; and he knoweth them that trust in Him / ” Nov. 11. She laboured much to speak, and at last said, '' 1 cannot tell you what sweet communion I had last night with my Jesus. He seemed very near and loving. I was praising him for all my mercies, and it occurred to my mind, 'He that spared not his own Son, but gave him up for us all, how shall he not with ( 25 ). him freely give us all things ?’ O, how true do I find that ! I have every thing I can wish ! Then I strove to praise him for the pains he is taking with me to purify, and fit me for glory j and he assured me I should come out of the furnace as fine gold. But I want expressions as well as breath, to tell you what close and sweet communion it was.” The 12th. She was trying with great pain to get down a little sago. Looking at me, she said, “ Christ is mine, and I am his to all eternity. O, what comfort ! No matter for this body.” On the 13th, .she told me she was overcome with the goodness of God, “ to think,” said she, “ of the straits my parents were brought to, and yet in my latter days to have such mercies ! Last night I felt this so powerfully, that my soul seemed to call on the heavenly host to join me in a song of praise. O ! I want angels and arch- angels, and all the host of heaven to praise him on my account.” J said. Now, my dear, you see what good has been brought out of all your crosses. “Yes,” replied she, “yes, yes; I would not be without one pain ; all is mercy and love. But I have not speech to tell a thou- sandth part of his goodness.” Nov. 14. With difficulty, but much energy, she repeated these lines, “ Come, death, shake hands I’ll kiss thy bands, *Tis happiness for me to die. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '29463600.1820.emory.edu_1', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7365', 'token_count': '8914', '__index_level_0__': '16232', 'original_id': '482eaa52a104a4f9865f96ce898421ec404f994e42de9736b4d89fd0b14c773c'} |
Elevate Rock Case Study PPC
Elevate Rock School is a local, premier school for music lessons for kids and teenagers of all experience levels.
Elevate Rock School had never dabbled into digital marketing and advertising before and only had experience with traditional marketing. Because of this, they were unaware of how to execute their marketing, what platforms to use, or how to create a digital strategy. They came to us for all things digital marketing with the goal of increasing the number of students taking music lessons, phone calls, form submissions and free lesson/tour requests.
Before formulating any digital strategies, we built campaigns around Elevate Rock School's various search terms and optimized these terms based on keyword intent and conversion data driving down cost-per-lead. We then strategized on copy and strategic positioning to increase their conversion rates.
Additionally, we also created an intricate paid social strategy through Facebook demographics, behavioral data and custom audiences using Facebook lead ads in addition to image and carousel ads. All of this not only drove leads but also expanded their reach, engagement and brand awareness.
Through our efforts, Elevate Rock School gained 24,000 Facebook impressions, increased their organic traffic by 241% and gained a monthly average of 46 leads.
Impressions on Facebook
Increase in organic traffic
Monthly average leads
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If you’re like me, you can never remember the shortcodes you have active on your WordPress site. This inevitably leads you to stop what you’re doing and hunt down the documentation for the feature you’re attempting to use. This is especially true when it’s a shortcode that can be configured with multiple attributes.
What if there was a way to make shortcodes more discoverable in the post editor? That’s exactly what Scott Evans has attempted to do in his Shortcode Suggest plugin. When activated, this plugin adds autosuggest for shortcodes as you type in the visual editor. It also includes a short description of the shortcodes it detects.
As of right now, the plugin is a rough concept that Evans put on github in order to gauge interest and collect feedback. In the future, he plans to improve the design of the suggestions and only load the plugin on the required post types and admin screens. Shortcode Suggest only works on the visual editor but Evans is considering enabling it for the HTML editor, depending on feedback.
If there was a more standard approach to including shortcode attributes within inline docs, Evans says the plugin would be even more useful. As it is, there may be some gaps where the information is incomplete.
Shortcodes are popular because they provide an easy and approachable method for users to embed complex functionality within content. However, there’s no easy way to know what shortcodes are available to your installation. Shortcode Suggest provides a nice solution for this. Download it from github and take it for a test drive. Is this a plugin that you’d like to see further developed? What would make it more useful? | mini_pile | {'original_id': '56d0795a088309db4044ca549eb3c4da425b7230146ae90f9680cd122c0434f2'} |
\section{Ordered Set is Convex in Itself}
Tags: Order Theory
\begin{theorem}
Let $\struct {S, \preceq}$ be an ordered set.
Then $S$ is a convex set in $S$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Follows immediately from the definition of convex set.
{{qed}}
Category:Order Theory
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '23075ebc1d01db2f3d794238bbf261d661fa960af65718877e37e2d49f25814e'} |
Saturday, April 30
YEAR: 2016 | Tags: | | |
Limerick Junction, 9:10
I packed last night before I went to bed. I also orfdered a taxi. I showered quickly when I woke up, ate the last of my Aldi snacks, and went downstairs. I was at the station in time to have an AMT coffee before the train arrived.
The train between Limerick and Dublin stops at the misleadingly named Limerick Junction, where you disembark and wait for another train. Limerick Junction appears to be in the middle of nowhere and I suspect there is no way in and out of it, except by train. I am waiting and I can see a train arriving very slowly indeed. Once we are on, and it is out of sight of the station, it will speed up and get me to Heston station twenty minutes faster than advertised.
I will walk to a bus stop and get the 747 to the airport. I will discover that getting on at Heuston means sitting on while it trundles over the river, through Temple Bar, over the river, down to Connolly, and then finally past the 3 Stadium and into the tunnel which takes you halfway to the airport. A little Irish womn from the countryside turns round twice to asked me fearfully whether this bus is actually going to the airport. I assure her that it is and after a very long time I am proved right.
I will have hours to spend at the airport so I will sit with my laptop for a bit, using the limitless free wifi. I will then decide to have lunch at The Angels’ Share, where I choose chicken wings and salad. I will learn that that up to 50% of the whisky in a barrel is lost to evaporation during the aging process and that this lost amount is traditionally referred to as the angels’ share. I will also listen to a gang of middle-aged Liverpool women in short skirts and hangovers cackling about whatever they have been doing for the last forty eight hours. One of them passes round a love letter written to her by an airsteward on the side of an used Ryannair sickbag.
The sense of romance is palpable.
The flight out was half empty. The flight home will be completely full. I will arrive at the airport ten minutes early, but Irma will be there to meet me. We will head home to celebrate Vappu. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9655081629753112}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '80770', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HLEDUA4KCCHR6WBSTOAF75OSW6CAW6OK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bdb6f019-60c9-4b40-905d-2ed55c5a8c15>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 22, 20, 32, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '139.162.149.99', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XBPWVMXXLK2YOYJBXDQ3OLVOPGM4ZEB5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c196d2d0-5b44-4879-a69b-9ddb1551d45f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.owenkelly.net/11133/saturday-april-30-2016/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:105ba6ce-0210-420c-aaae-524381d484bc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '410', 'url': 'https://www.owenkelly.net/11133/saturday-april-30-2016/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-133.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025500774383544922', 'original_id': 'eb046e90f0c0c8e555c53f6ed7f5a221f5be30a69a1d25b385caf22d0a10534b'} |
Why does insulin require a prescription in the US?
Regardless how your insulin is paid for, you still have a prescription, don’t you, and you still get a pharmacy prescription receipt?
I paid out of pocket for everything for years, and always submitted my prescription receipts at tax time. It could reduce taxable income by a not insignificant amount.
Terry - good catch. Its a typo - sorry. It should have been REMs https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/rems/default.htm
They had a requirement for lung safety which was deemed completed as their clinical results have been so good. I would say better than anyone expected.
Chris - there was an announcement from the FDA yesterday to move insulin from a “drug” to biologic. I am not sure this will affect the prescription requirement and unless you have the prescription I am not sure you would get insurance coverage.
“Transitioning biological products currently regulated as drugs to being regulated as biologics will enable – for the first time – products that are biosimilar to, or interchangeable with, these products to come to market.”
I’m going to read the link now. I’m betting this change is more related to getting cheaper generics to market.
1 Like
Chris - I think you are correct. There is a huge misunderstanding on the part of Congress when it comes to “Insulin”.
What they do not understand is the “Analogs” are not human or animal insulin. They are analogs and a great deal of time and money went into engineering these molecules and they are all patent protected until the patent is up. Each one is also “special” in the way it works in the body.
I some cases like afrezza the manufacturing process is so unique that while “human insulin” is not patent protected they have a zillion patents on the manufacturing process.
Generally the animal insulins and non-analog insulins are OTC, and if you buy it with a prescription it has been covered for the past 40 years.
Now, in the 1970’s, a bottle of insulin was only $4 so the question was, why bother doing the insurance paperwork when your deductible is $5 or maybe $10? It’s very different today now that most analog insulins are $400.
As far as safety goes as the reason, I don’t buy that completely. There are many dangerous things that one can buy and use inappropriately. The people that regulations supposedly protect are apt to kill themselves with a million different things in the first place. For most people a warning of “this will kill you easy if used improperly” is enough to make them think twice before using it without thoroughly understanding it. Also many times regulations are not truly designed for safety as much as they are designed to protect a market or company/companies profits. Perhaps a good in between to make people feel better would be some sort of certificate from a doctor that specifies that you need it. Then you just buy however much you need when you need it.
As far as insurance coverage goes, test strips don’t require a prescription, but you can get a prescription so it is covered by insurance. Also, the insurance system of payment is a horrible system in the first place, and contributes to many of the issues we have, but of course that is a much broader issue.
As far as the rapid acting insulins, I know Humalog’s patent has already expired, and I think Novolog’s has as well. I am not sure on Apidra. I know some of the long acting ones have expired too. As to the money that went into development, they almost certainly received a grant from the government, as well as likely from other sources to help offset the costs. Obviously not completely, but they have almost certainly made that money back a long time ago and the ever increasing prices definitely have little to do with R and D or production costs.
People stopped caring about Liberty and let the control freaks run amok !
NPH and R are over the counter at Walmart. Thats probably the best you can do right now.
Insulin didn’t always require an Rx.
This would be a great bill to introduce to your state government.
I know you’re not implying this but the NPH/R insulin options I consider to be substandard care.
I’m concerned drug makers and politicians may point to them as a cheap/available option when they really should be considered obsolete and unhealthy options.
“There are already cheap options on the market”. It takes more expert understanding to know why that isn’t a real option and shouldn’t be considered a real option.
Chris, I took both regular and NPH insulin for decades. They both worked well for me and I would use them again if needed. Sure they aren’t as convenient, but for most people they work well.
I was dx in 1959. I have no neuropathies.
No Doc is going to recommend R/NPH, but these are the cheapest and simplest to obtain. When it comes to insulin, something is always better than nothing. There is very little that can stand in your way in obtaining them.
I dont believe anybody talks about R/NPH. I dont think they even want people to know that option exists. They dont make much $ off it.
Probably most of us have used R/NPH. If you need insulin, its there in an emergency. This is helpful when a prescription prevents you from obtaining insulin. R/NPH to the rescue. Before this was an option, we had nothing.
1 Like
The idea of something that is necessary for life requiring someone else’s constant approval for you to be able to have the opportunity to get (affordability being another question) just seems ridiculous to me.
I haven’t used them but the impression I get is using the older insulin makes it more difficult to maintain a target A1C. This is due to the curve of effect and more strict life style required for it work optimally.
I’ve had family members on the old insulin for ~30 years prior to the pump and they now have permeant damage from the poor control they could maintain on the old style insulin.
It does seem like some people (genetics?) are less sensitive/likely to develop long term problems even with more fluctuation in A1C. This is just based on reading many stories on this form.
I think you summed up my feeling very succinctly.
@displayname, I agree
Honestly, it’s a drug that can’t be any clearer that type 1’s have to have it to survive. Life or death. And while I’ve had no problem getting the insulin I want, I feel I shouldn’t be beholden to a doctor to get it. I realize you can get NPH, but why not any kind?
1 Like
I am not sure it would really matter if it was covered or not depending on other drugs you take or if you are on Medicare or private insurance. Remember the insurance is really a middleman and therefore if you are covered by insurance you are still paying (on average) for your medication + their markup (admin fees + profit). I am insured part D for my insulin but buy it directly in Canada and full pay as it costs 90% less there and is far less than even my copay by thousands of $ per year. If you select a plan that does not cover your insulin, you will probably find that your overall cost for a low-cost drug plan + out of pocket insulin cost will be a lot less than your current all or mostly inclusive plan. That is of course if insulin goes down in price similar to what it costs in other countries.
If “dangerous” insulins can be obtained without an Rx, why can’t “safe” ones?
The other important question, I think, is: How did Walmart negotiate that deal? With whom?
Its so counter to typical procedures, I have always wondered how they worked that out. That is the only instance that I know of that doesn’t require Rx. That makes it an interesting starting point.
1 Like
When using those insulins I kept my A1c around 6.6. I don’t remember having a higher A1c in almost 40 yrs. In the past 18 yrs my A1c’s have ranged from 4.7 to 5.6. I cleaned up my act when my first A1c was 10, and my eyes showed some retinopathy. I like to think that tight control has saved me, but it might be good genetics too.
I don’t use a pump or a CGM. I am going to try a CGM though in the near future.
1 Like | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9706787467002868}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '62350', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2PVBKKT2L2MZTRK27QRJYEWF6DGCN354', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:73d80821-6bfa-45f0-b945-ad93dd3361d1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 14, 5, 12), 'WARC-IP-Address': '64.71.144.202', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CHVDANQY5V7JT25EJXGY2KU5BYB4X6UQ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f253d0f0-cd3f-4ede-90e5-2bf7403e9f39>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://forum.tudiabetes.org/t/why-does-insulin-require-a-prescription-in-the-us/77111?page=2', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:26bb22b9-76e3-46e2-bf7b-ee1cd88ebca2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1435', 'url': 'https://forum.tudiabetes.org/t/why-does-insulin-require-a-prescription-in-the-us/77111?page=2', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-112\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11866980791091919', 'original_id': 'f81c936f0f72844410106d1d67d41ad0f678d3003b53e32d2ec40c4f6dc86dcc'} |
SFO Crash: It Is Never OK to Grab Your Carry-On Before an Emergency Exit, and Other Notes From a…
How we get from here to there.
July 8 2013 3:03 PM
Asiana Airlines Flight 214: A Pilot’s Perspective
U.S. National Transportation Safety Board photo shows the wreckage of Asiana Airlines Flight 214 that crashed at San Francisco International Airport in San Francisco, California in this handout released on July 7, 2013.
Ignore what you're hearing about San Francisco's airport and Korea's air safety culture.
Photo by Handout/Reuters
On Saturday afternoon an Asiana Airlines Boeing 777 crash-landed at San Francisco International Airport, killing at least two passengers and injuring dozens more, many of them seriously. I’ve been an airline pilot since 1990, and I’d like to offer some perspective on this still-developing story. But before getting to the accident itself, I'd like to express my dismay over the media's shamelessly sensationalistic coverage of it. A certain degree of network hyperventilation always follows air crashes, but this time, from the absurd eyewitness accounts to the at times wildly inaccurate commentary of various aviation "experts," they've taken things to a new level of inanity and poor taste.
One thing sorely missing from the coverage thus far has been a sense of perspective. I don't mean to diminish the seriousness of what happened. It's a tragedy when anybody is killed in an airplane crash. However, the vast majority of the passengers on Asiana Flight 214 made it off the airplane alive. This simply was not an air disaster of the scale that was once relatively common and is not deserving of terms like "catastrophe."
It is imperative to remember that Saturday’s accident was the first multiple-fatality crash involving a major airline in North America since November 2001. (There have been a handful involving regional affiliates, but the majors have been virtually accident-free). The streak has ended, but it lasted nearly 12 years, with some 20,000 commercial jetliners taking off and landing safely in this country every single day—an astonishing run. Is it perverse to suggest that Saturday's accident, awful as it was, serves to underscore just how safe commercial flying has become? That's asking a lot, I know, in this era of race-to-the-bottom news coverage, when speed and sizzle, not accuracy or context, are all that really count.
But consider for a moment the year 1985, one of the darkest ever for commercial air travel. By the end of that year, 27 crashes had resulted in the deaths of almost 2,400 people. These included the Air India bombing over the North Atlantic, with 329 casualties, and, two months later, the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 outside Tokyo, with 520 dead. (These, the second- and fifth-deadliest incidents in aviation history, happened 49 days apart.) Also in 1985 were the Arrow Air disaster in Newfoundland that killed more than 240 U.S. servicemen, the infamous British Airtours 737 fire, and the crash of a Delta Air Lines L-1011 in Dallas that killed 137.
Now, as for what may have happened in San Francisco: About the worst thing we can do at the moment is play fast and loose with speculation. Early theories as to why a plane crashed almost always turn out to be wrong or incomplete. All we know for certain is that the plane crashed short of the runway. That by itself is not a reason for the accident; it's the result of something else gone wrong.
Based on what the National Transportation Safety Board and other sources have reported thus far, the pilots found themselves in the throes of an unstable approach—apparently below the proper glide path and at too low a speed—and failed to correct or abandon the approach in time. They initiated a go-around—a fairly routine maneuver, referred to by some people as an "aborted landing," in which the approach is broken off and the jet climbs away for a second attempt—but it was too late. How or why they got themselves in this position, and why they did not correct or abandon the landing sooner, remains unknown.
Reportedly, Flight 214's captain was new to the aircraft, and had accrued fewer than 50 total hours in the 777 prior to the accident. While much is being made of this, to me it's a red herring. Pilots transition from aircraft type to aircraft type all the time, and it's not uncommon for a pilot to have a limited number of hours in whichever plane he or she has most recently qualified in. But experience in a particular model and experience overall are different things. All airline pilots are highly trained and are highly experienced before they ever set foot in a jetliner cockpit.
What’s more, there is always a minimum of two pilots in the cockpit, a captain and a first officer—the latter is referred to colloquially as the "co-pilot." Both are fully qualified to operate the aircraft, and they share flying duties; first officers perform just as many takeoffs and landings as captains do. It’s not yet clear which Asiana pilot was physically at the controls, the captain or first officer. In any case, either pilot would have been in a position to note and correct for deviations, or to execute a go-around maneuver. Why this didn't happen we don't know.
Whether transitioning from one type of aircraft to another or upgrading from first officer position to captain, pilots undergo a full, aircraft-specific training regimen, often lasting several weeks. This includes classroom training as well as hands-on instruction in both cockpit mock-up trainers and full-motion simulators. Once this phase is complete, all pilots fly the actual aircraft for a period of time under the watch and guidance of a training captain. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '199', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.963590919971466}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '134632', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TXFG36EEXCWS5TFTF6IBNLGQN3UKXY2C', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d0870863-41a6-4776-bcb9-1ad636b04736>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 10, 17, 18, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.62.6.42', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ETKKSE2OZISDGMVZB7333Y3RQWK4O5QC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bddf2d0c-568a-4ec6-86d9-b9a659d0f853>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/transport/2013/07/asiana_airlines_crash_stop_blaming_sfo_s_runways_and_korea_s_pilots_for.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dadc6dd4-0540-4d9c-92fa-d17bc18db863>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '962', 'url': 'http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/transport/2013/07/asiana_airlines_crash_stop_blaming_sfo_s_runways_and_korea_s_pilots_for.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04849696159362793', 'original_id': '4d68050ac31377d3503af5ac16819fecb492b76b3f551334a5972699530408cf'} |
Diversity of bacterial communities along a petroleum contamination gradient in desert soils.
Microbial communities in oil-polluted desert soils have been rarely studied compared to their counterparts from freshwater and marine environments. We investigated bacterial diversity and changes therein in five desert soils exposed to different levels of oil pollution. Automated rRNA intergenic spacer (ARISA) analysis profiles showed that the bacterial communities of the five soils were profoundly different (analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), R = 0.45, P < 0.0001) and shared less than 20 % of their operational taxonomic units (OTUs). OTU richness was relatively higher in the soils with the higher oil pollution levels. Multivariate analyses of ARISA profiles revealed that the microbial communities in the S soil, which contains the highest level of contamination, were different from the other soils and formed a completely separate cluster. A total of 16,657 ribosomal sequences were obtained, with 42-89 % of these sequences belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria. While sequences belonging to Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Actinobacteria were encountered in all soils, sequences belonging to anaerobic bacteria from the classes Deltaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Anaerolineae were only detected in the S soil. Sequences belonging to the genus Terriglobus of the class Acidobacteria were only detected in the B3 soil with the lowest level of contamination. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that oil contamination level was the most determinant factor that explained variations in the microbial communities. We conclude that the exposure to different levels of oil contamination exerts a strong selective pressure on bacterial communities and that desert soils are rich in aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that could potentially contribute to the degradation of hydrocarbons. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c4e6444c04ee7da704ab15676c01a32dd178c8359787ef2884a29157b979b1e1'} |
hey there!
Allow me to introduce myself. My name is Deepak, thank you for visiting my website. For those of you that would like to know a little more about me, well that's what this section is for.
You would be surprised at how many times I have had the same conversation when introducing myself, so to save you the trouble I've written out what it typically looks like.
Stranger: Hi, my name is (insert name here )!
Me: Hi, my name is Deepak.
Stranger: Deebot?
Me: Deepak.
Stranger: Tupac?
Me: No, Deepak. D-E-E-P-A-K.
Stranger: Oh! Deepak... That's an unusual name. Where is that from? (interchangeable "Where are you from?" "What is your ethnicity?" "What are you?" "Really?" and the all-time favorite "No, what's your real name?")
Me: It's from Nepal, which is where I'm from.
Stranger: Sorry I don't mean to sound ignorant, but where is that?
Me: Don't worry, a lot of people don't know. It's right below China and above India.
Stranger: (pause of confusion) You don't really look...
Me: I'm mixed, my mother is American and my father is Nepalese.
Stranger: Ohhh, that makes sense. Your English is really good! You don't even have an accent!
Me (what I want to say): Thanks, so is yours!
Me (what I actually say): I grew up bilingual, speaking English and Nepali.
(It is at this point that the conversation varies depending on the savviness or ignorance of the wonderful individual I am conversing with. )
Stranger: Cool, how did you get here?
Me: On an elephant.
Stranger: Cool, what's it like over there?
Me: It's beautiful, it has some of the most breathtaking landscapes you'll ever see. The downside is that there's no reliable electricity, water, or gas. Potholes in the road, heavy pollution as well as population.
Stranger: Oh, why would you ever want to live there?
Me: (Turn and walk away)
Stranger: Cool, wanna grab a drink?
Me: Yes.
Now that we know each other a little better, I can tell you what I'm all about. I love looking through the lens of a camera, whether its a Canon 5D, Pentax ME Super, or an Alexa, the world just looks a little different. There is a difference seeing and perceiving, everyone sees the same thing but people's perceptions are all unique, and there is no greater feeling than being able to capture my own perspective and share it with others. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9452397227287292}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '56407', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ZLJO7DBHU2LHSWNVFMSJPKW2FPQSMW4K', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9ca3c393-cc9b-438d-871b-37a5a3b5cbeb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 4, 24, 6, 47, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.185.159.144', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I3AOQLY7RDUYBFHZCOTEFGHUBKWVBQMF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f053a160-c313-42d4-93e5-d7f76f3704d5>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.littlelamp.co/meet-me-1', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:49f441ae-c169-464d-b52c-53d88ba0cabe>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '396', 'url': 'https://www.littlelamp.co/meet-me-1', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-18\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-141-34-30.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3379867672920227', 'original_id': '4f6d83e44ad8b6decd469db5eb89eddbda8af28bd2d4374cbe6a84703a3e39f5'} |
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