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682 F.2d 914
82-2 USTC P 9522
W. H. PLANT, Jr., and Doris D. Plant, Plaintiffs-Appellants,v.UNITED STATES of America, Defendant-Appellee.
No. 81-7541.
United States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.
Aug. 9, 1982.
Bradley, Arant, Rose & White, Edward M. Selfe, Birmingham, Ala., for plaintiffs-appellants.
Robert T. Duffy, Mary L. Fahey, John F. Murray, Acting Asst. Atty. Gen., Michael L. Paup, Chief, Appellate Section, Dept. of Justice, Tax Div., Washington, D. C., for defendant-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.
Before GODBOLD, Chief Judge, MERRITT*, and HENDERSON, Circuit Judges.
HENDERSON, Circuit Judge:
1
In this tax refund suit the appellants seek a capital gain for proceeds received under the terms of a timber sale contract. The district court granted the government's motion for summary judgment, concluding that the decision in Crosby v. United States, 414 F.2d 822 (5th Cir. 1969) mandated such a result.1 We agree with the district court and affirm.
2
In 1967, the appellants agreed to sell to Hammermill Paper Company (Hammermill) all the timber standing and growing on 2,394 acres of land for a period of twenty years.2 The agreement provides that Hammermill pay for the timber according to a base price per cord3 and obligates Hammermill to pay for at least 2,000 cords per year regardless of the actual annual harvest. If Hammermill cuts more than 2,000 cords in any one year, the compensation for the excess is payable at the end of the year. In the event less than the guaranteed minimum is severed, a "timber backlog" clause authorizes Hammermill to harvest the timber paid for in advance at any time prior to the expiration of the contract when the right to cut expires and the taxpayers retain as "liquidated damages" advance payments not credited against the timber yield.4
3
In 1973, 1974 and 1975, the Plants received a total of $47,391.38 in accordance with the terms of the contract and reported the income as capital gains pursuant to 26 U.S.C. § 631(b).5 When the Internal Revenue Service disallowed this relief, the taxpayers paid additional taxes and filed this suit for a refund.
4
Section 631(b) provides that income received under a timber sale contract may be regarded as capital gains from a sale of timber if timber which has been held more than twelve months is disposed of by the owner, who must retain an economic interest in the trees. 26 U.S.C. § 631(b).6 The sole issue in this appeal is whether the Plants retained an economic interest in the timber in light of the possibility that Hammermill will not harvest all of the trees paid for in advance before the expiration of the contract period, thus entitling the Plants to retain payments for timber not actually severed from the land.7 If the taxpayers did not retain an economic interest, section 631(b) does not control and the proceeds must be considered as ordinary income.8
The tax regulations provide that
5
(a)n economic interest is possessed in every case in which the taxpayer has acquired by investment any interest in ... standing timber and secures, by form of legal relationship, income derived from ... the severance of the timber, to which he must look for a return of his capital.
6
26 C.F.R. § 1.611-1.9 In Dyal v. United States, 342 F.2d 248 (5th Cir. 1965), the taxpayers sought to qualify for favorable treatment under § 631(b) where the contract specified the payment of fixed amounts annually without regard to the amount of timber cut. The court explained that for taxpayers to retain an economic interest, "(i)t is essential that the consideration for the transaction ... be contingent upon the severance of the timber, and payable to the owner solely out of the proceeds from the natural resource itself." Dyal, 342 F.2d at 252 (footnote omitted). The taxpayers retained no economic interest because
7
(t)hey were not required to look to the sale or severance of the timber for the annual payments, and the obligation of (the purchaser) to make the annual payments ... was in no way determined or affected by the amount of timber cut, or whether any timber was cut at all.
8
Dyal, 342 F.2d at 252.
9
In Crosby, 414 F.2d 822, the court elaborated on the Dyal rationale in a factual setting very comparable to this controversy. There, the purchaser was obligated to make minimum annual payments which entitled it to cut a prescribed number of cords each year. Timber so purchased but not severed went into a "timber backlog" which the purchaser could cut without making further payments. After reciting the definition of a retained economic interest enunciated in Dyal, the court went on to hold that there could be no retained interest unless all of the minimum annual payment is necessarily contingent upon the severance of the timber:
10
Significantly, even if these restrictions (on the right to cut the backlog) were met, the agreement does not obligate (the purchaser) to exercise its backlog privilege. Consequently it is possible for the taxpayers to receive their payments without a single tree ever being cut. This possibility clearly demonstrates that the payments are not contingent upon the severance of the timber. Finally, the contract provides that upon termination all timber not cut and removed remains the property of the taxpayers even if (the purchaser) had previously made advance payments for the timber.
11
Crosby, 414 F.2d at 825. The court took note of Title 26 C.F.R. § 1.631-2(d),10 which extends capital gains treatment of advance payments if the taxpayer retains an economic interest, but rejected its relevance where there is "simply no guarantee that the timber will ever be cut." Crosby, 414 F.2d at 825.11
12
We find no real difference between this contract and the one before the Crosby court.12 It is true that the Crosby contract contained more significant restrictions on the purchaser's ability to cut its timber backlog. The Crosby court made it clear, though, that the mere possibility that the backlog would not be cut was the bedrock of its decision. While such a likelihood may be more remote here, it is plainly a part of the contract. The Plants also call attention to the fact that their contract, unlike the Crosby agreement, anticipates that the backlog might not be harvested before the expiration of the contract, and thus enables them to retain the prior payments as "liquidated damages for (Hammermill's) failure to cut the timber." Record at 34. The use of these words of art does not alter the fact that both the Crosby contract and the Plant agreement permit the landowners to retain the consideration previously paid thereunder at the end of the contract term without obligating them to make a refund for the uncut timber. In reality, it is a guaranteed annual income for the Plants for the life of the contract, precisely the type of arrangement foreclosed by Crosby.
13
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court is
14
AFFIRMED.
MERRITT, Circuit Judge, dissenting:
15
It seems to me that 26 C.F.R. § 1.631-2(d), quoted in footnote 10 of the Court's opinion, is applicable to the timber contract in question here. Thus, the "amounts received (by the taxpayer) prior to cutting" under subsection 2(d)(1) should be treated as capital gains subject to recomputation as ordinary income under subsection 2(d)(2) if the contract ends "before the timber which has been paid for is cut." The Crosby case relied upon by the court did not specifically consider and analyze subsection 2(d)(2), and I would distinguish it on the ground that the taxpayer in Crosby did not bring to the court's attention the recomputation feature of the regulation, a feature that clearly contemplates that all the timber paid for may not be cut. The court in Crosby was, therefore, led to believe that the statute and regulation in question contemplate as a decisive test of capital gains treatment the cutting of all the timber. Subsection 2(d)(2) cannot be reconciled with such an interpretation. The Crosby court did not reach a considered decision based on an analysis of all the law applicable to the facts, namely subsection 2(d)(2). The Crosby case should be distinguished because the court there did not consider the main argument concerning the applicability of subsection 2(d)(2) presented by the taxpayer here.
*
Honorable Gilbert S. Merritt, U. S. Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation
1
The case law of the former Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has been adopted by the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals as binding precedent unless and until overruled or modified by this court sitting en banc. Bonner v. City of Prichard, 661 F.2d 1206 (11th Cir. 1981) (en banc)
2
The contract expires on December 31, 1987 with an option to renew for an additional ten years. Record at 39
3
The price per cord depends on the type of wood and fluctuates according to the change in the Wholesale Price Index for All Commodities
4
The contract also stipulates that the Plants are required to pay all taxes on the land, including ad valorem taxes and improvement assessments. While Hammermill may use the property in any manner necessary to facilitate harvesting, the Plants retain free access for any purpose not inconsistent with Hammermill's rights. The taxpayers retain title in the timber until it is cut so that if the trees become unmerchantable before harvesting, the landowners bear the loss
5
Although the district court stated in its memorandum opinion that no timber was cut during the years in issue, Record at 60, the record is silent in that respect. As our analysis below indicates, however, this variance makes no difference because the proceeds involved here represent only minimum annual payments. If payments had been made for timber harvested in excess of the 2,000-cord minimum, such income would clearly qualify for capital gains treatment under § 631(b). See note 9, infra
6
At the time of the execution of the contract, 26 U.S.C. § 631(b) read, in relevant part:
In the case of the disposal of timber held for more than 6 months before such disposal, by the owner thereof under any form or type of contract by virtue of which such owner retains an economic interest in such timber, the difference between the amount realized from the disposal of such timber and the adjusted depletion basis thereof, shall be considered as though it were a gain or loss, as the case may be, on the sale of such timber.
In 1976, this section was amended to require that the timber be held for more than one year.
"(T)imber ... with respect to which § 631 applies" is referred to in 26 U.S.C. § 1231(b) as "property used in the trade or business." Proceeds from the sale of such property are treated as capital gains by § 1231(a).
7
The capital gains treatment for qualifying taxpayers under § 631 and § 1231, see note 6, supra, was accorded legal force in order to prevent the hardship to taxpayers and the timber industry caused by the necessity of reporting a large amount of ordinary income in the year of harvesting which could not be spread over the years of growth during which time operating expenses continued. United States v. Brown Wood Preserving Co., 275 F.2d 525 (6th Cir. 1960). In 1943, Congress enacted the predecessor to § 631(b) in recognition of the fact that owners who dispose of their timber by means of a cutting contract under which they retain an economic interest should have the same tax advantages as those who sever their own timber. S.Rep.No.627, 78th Cong., 1st Sess. In essence, the Plants seek tax advantages designed to compensate for fluctuating proceeds as well as guaranteed annual income from the sale of timber
8
Title 26 U.S.C. § 1221, which considers proceeds from the sale of a capital asset held for investment purposes as capital gains, affords taxpayers more favorable treatment for earnings up to the fair market value of timber standing at the time of the execution of the contract. Crosby, 414 F.2d 822. Timber not standing at the time the agreement was made, however, cannot be a capital asset under § 1221. Dyal v. United States, 342 F.2d 248, 252 (5th Cir. 1965). In addition, regardless of whether the sale meets the criteria of § 1231 and § 631(b), the proceeds may still be recognized as capital gains under the general provisions of § 1231 if the timber qualifies as property used in a trade or business. Dyal, 342 F.2d at 251, 252. Here, the Plants did not argue to either the district court or this court that their situation fits into either category
9
For example, the Plants clearly retain an economic interest in timber harvested over the 2,000-cord yearly minimum. Since such excess cutting must be compensated for on a price per cord basis, there is no possibility that Hammermill will pay for timber left standing. See Dyal, 342 F.2d at 252 (5th Cir. 1965)
10
Title 26 C.F.R. § 1.631-2(d) provides that
(1) Where the conditions of paragraph (a) of this section are met (the timber is held for more than one year and the taxpayer retains an economic interest) amounts received or accrued prior to cutting (such as advance royalty payments or minimum royalty payments) shall be treated under section 631(b) as realized from the sale of timber if the contract of disposal provides that such amounts are to be applied as payment for timber subsequently cut ....
(2) However, if the right to cut timber under the contract expires, terminates, or is abandoned before the timber which has been paid for is cut, the taxpayer shall treat payments attributable to the uncut timber as ordinary income and not as received from the sale of timber under section 631(b). Accordingly, the taxpayer shall recompute his tax liability for the taxable year in which such payments were received or accrued. The recomputation shall be made in the form of an amended return where necessary.
11
The Plants point out that, after Crosby, it is difficult to conceive of a situation in which the language of subsection 2(d)(2) will have any meaning because that regulation comes into play only when an economic interest is retained and Crosby would preclude any such interest in a factual situation covered by 2(d)(2) (the possibility of a non-refundable overpayment). The Crosby court obviously did not consider the effect of 2(d)(2) because its applicability is premised on 2(d)(1). The court held that 2(d)(1) governs only advance payments received for timber which the contract guarantees will be cut at a subsequent date. Here, as in Crosby, there is no such contractual requirement. For that reason, subsection 2(d)(1), and hence 2(d)(2), have no significance
12
Although the Plants attempt to distinguish Crosby, they also take issue with the correctness of the decision, contending that the legislative history of § 631(b) refutes its rationale. The term "retained economic interest" first appeared in cases in which the issue was whether the taxpayers received the proceeds from the outright sale of oil and gas or if the income was the result of a disposition by which there was a retained economic interest in the minerals. While the Plants admit that the tax consequences in the oil and gas area are different (a taxpayer with a retained economic interest in oil and gas receives ordinary income, 26 U.S.C. § 611), they maintain that since a guaranteed income does not defeat a retained interest in oil and gas, Burnet v. Harmel, 287 U.S. 103, 53 S.Ct. 74, 77 L.Ed.2d 199 (1932), Congress intended a similar result when it used the phrase with respect to timber. As stated earlier, we are bound by Crosby. See note 1, supra
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '9e35796273ec6947b270e08056fc8ebdda74887a716076df747e57a18e0bb990'} |
(ns dl4clj.datasets.new-datasets
(:import [org.nd4j.linalg.dataset DataSet]
[org.nd4j.linalg.dataset MultiDataSet])
(:require [dl4clj.utils :refer [contains-many? obj-or-code?]]
[clojure.core.match :refer [match]]
[nd4clj.linalg.factory.nd4j :refer [vec-or-matrix->indarray]]))
(defn new-ds
"Creates a DataSet object with the specified input and output.
if they are not supplied, creates a new empty DataSet object
:input (vec, matrix or INDArray), the input to a model
:output (vec, matrix or INDArray), the targets/labels for the supplied input
:as-code? (boolean), return the dl4j obj or the code for creating it
see: http://nd4j.org/doc/org/nd4j/linalg/dataset/DataSet.html"
[& {:keys [input output as-code?]
:or {as-code? true}
:as opts}]
(let [code (if (contains-many? opts :input :output)
`(DataSet. (vec-or-matrix->indarray ~input) (vec-or-matrix->indarray ~output))
`(DataSet.))]
(obj-or-code? as-code? code)))
(defn new-multi-ds
"a dataset that contains multiple datasets
see: http://nd4j.org/doc/org/nd4j/linalg/dataset/MultiDataSet.html"
;; come back and beef up this doc string
;; also ensure the arrays are INDArrays of INDarrays
;; bc the constructor can accept these as just a single INDArray
;; make sure this is documented
[& {:keys [features labels features-mask labels-mask as-code?]
:or {as-code? true}
:as opts}]
(let [f `(vec-or-matrix->indarray ~features)
l `(vec-or-matrix->indarray ~labels)
code (match [opts]
[{:features _ :labels _ :features-mask _ :labels-mask _}]
`(MultiDataSet. ~f ~l (vec-or-matrix->indarray ~features-mask)
(vec-or-matrix->indarray ~labels-mask))
[{:features _ :labels _}]
`(MultiDataSet. ~f ~l)
:else
`(MultiDataSet.))]
(obj-or-code? as-code? code)))
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://github.com/ghosthamlet/dl4clj/blob/master/src/dl4clj/datasets/new_datasets.clj', 'collection': 'Github Open Source', 'open_type': 'Open Source', 'license': 'BSD-2-Clause', 'date': '2017.0', 'title': 'dl4clj', 'creator': 'ghosthamlet', 'language': '', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '197', 'token_count': '659', '__index_level_0__': '19729', 'original_id': '4a69e62fec12b6b3b678188ef55ff8ef8fa22bc83406f96d259c63d2b272fce6'} |
Monday Medical: Help prevent spread of superbugs |
Monday Medical: Help prevent spread of superbugs
If “Superbugs” were a movie, the villain would be a gang of organisms endangering humankind. Enter the heroes, a team of medical professionals determined to halt the growing health threat. Can science find a way to thwart the rapidly evolving bacteria?
Though this scenario may seem overly dramatic, it is far from a fictitious film script. Instead, it is a reality-based scene that plays out every day in physicians’ offices and hospitals across America. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are on the rise, and Yampa Valley Medical Center is responding vigilantly and proactively.
Just what are these superbugs, and why are they multiplying? YVMC Laboratory Section Head and Infection Prevention Coordinator Paul Hill describes them as bacteria that are evolving to stay alive in an environment of antibiotic medications.
“Most people have heard of one prominent strain, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA,” Hill said. “But there are many more that are just as significant, if not more, such as CRE and VRE.”
Not all bacteria are created equal. Inside your digestive tract are “good” bacteria that are crucial to the process of converting food into energy. They maintain a balance with “bad” bacteria. This harmony can be disrupted when your body is attacked by an infection and you take an antibiotic. The drug fights off the infection, but it also kills many of the helpful bacteria in your gut.
“Killing off the bacteria that are competing against ‘superbugs’ opens the door for proliferation of drug-resistant strains of bacteria,” YVMC Pharmacy Director Wes Hunter said.
Drug-resistant bacteria can live on the skin and in the gut. This is known as colonization. These organisms do not pose a problem unless they encounter some type of cut, sore, scrape or breakdown in the immune system.
“Imagine that a high school student gets treated with antibiotics for a sinus infection,” Hill said. “The antibiotic may help with the infection, but it may also result in breeding one of the superbugs, resulting in his being colonized with MRSA. He then gets injured while playing a sport. His wound becomes infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and he is in close contact with other athletes. It is easy for the infection to spread.”
Recognizing the danger posed by overuse and misuse of antibiotics, YVMC took a proactive step in 2008, forming the Antibiotic Stewardship Committee. This group meets weekly to review every prescribed use of antibiotics within the hospital. Current members include Hunter, Hill, pharmacist Kristin Lambert and internal medicine specialist Dr. Mark McCaulley.
“We discourage use of some antibiotics that have lost their effectiveness, and we educate providers about more effective choices,” Hunter said. “The hospital has seen a 75-percent decrease in use of some broad-spectrum antibiotics in the past five years.”
YVMC’s program has gained attention. Last month, Hunter spoke at a forum educating other Colorado hospitals about setting up antibiotic stewardship programs in rural settings.
Hunter and Hill said there are three main reasons to use antibiotics appropriately. First, it prevents selection of superbugs, which breed more rapidly when other bacteria are killed.
“Second, we want to reduce the risk of ‘C. diff,’ a gastrointestinal infection that is common after antibiotic use and which, in extreme cases, can be deadly,” Hill said. “We see three or four C. diff cases per month. It has always been possible to treat them, and we have never seen a tragic case, but it could happen.”
Third, new research suggests the overuse of antibiotics and the resulting disruption of individuals’ normal bacteria may be contributing to the rising incidence of a whole range of chronic diseases.
Vigilance against superbugs is likely to intensify, given the recent executive order issued by President Barack Obama. Titled “Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria,” the edict cites Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that, annually, at least 2 million illnesses and 23,000 deaths are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the United States. The Colorado Hospital Association already has recommendations in place, and Hunter and Hill predict national standards will be forthcoming.
Everyone can play a role in combating this serious health risk, Hunter said.
“Be mindful of when you truly need antibiotics, and have that discussion with your doctor,” he said. “Ask, ‘Are antibiotics really needed?’ Carefully clean any cuts or scrapes, and avoid sharing personal items, such as towels or razors. If you do have to take an antibiotic, it probably wouldn’t hurt to eat active-culture yogurt. It’s a natural food that can help keep your bacteria in balance.”
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what cryptocurrency mines with storage
When you finish you will have a better understanding of what a cybercurrency is and how the system works. It may not make you a master of Bitcoin, but you will probably know a lot more than most of your friends.
what cryptocurrency mines with storage The book is very easy to read but a bit elementary: if you have some knowledge of bitcoin - you will not find much new information here.
Absolutely for dummies. Well I did not find anything in this book aboout cryptocurrency as I saw here in title.
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Today's WSJ reported Bill Miller made a killing on bitcoin, but warned that "there is a non-trivial chance, it can go to zero. I would say a good chance it may go to zero.
DESCARGO DE RESPONSABILIDAD: Ser un niño o una niña grande y tomar sus propias decisiones sobre dónde poner su dinero duramente ganado. No soy un asesor financiero y esto no es un consejo financiero y si realmente necesito decirte esto, es mejor que guardes tu dinero en el bolsillo de todos modos.
Some called it fraud, but things are worth what others would pay, until the bubble pops. Cryptocurrency is something worth watching, but bitcoin may already be too overvalued. The book is a decent introduction for a real green horn.
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I spent a few hours on the net before getting this book. Nothing there which I did not learn in the net.
Its weak particularly on review of various exchanges, and several cold storage devices widely used. Those who rely on what cryptocurrency mines with storage book for basic understanding of bitcoin, may want to google cold storage devices and bitcoin exchanges. As a novitiate in the blockchain technology arena and as someone who does not program computers or understand the high tech world, I was delighted to read Mr.
Norman's book for Mastering Bitcoin for Starters. It was clear, authoritative and upbeat.
Compra verificada. Good to have. Nice product, Thanks.
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• oh boy, that are some incredible figures!
• "97% of the worlds money is debt". Can someone tell me in debt to who/what? Debt usually means you've borrowed it from something/someone, so if 97% of the worlds money is debt, who is it owed to? For some reason no one ever explains this. Thanks!
• Guys will eth rise again
• wow this video is so informative
• What is the whole name of DFINITY Token
• "when did america go so far in the ditch?!" and its going to....and its going too..because of all the people and how much they know
Nuevas-Classic etc contrato de minería se 2 horas 1 etc. Garantizado Q Solo quedan 3.
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Misiones ETH 3 horas de contrato de minería obtener 0. Proyecto de oro demisiones - etgp Minería contrato etgpCrypto Moneda Q Contrato de minería de misiones 4 horas obtener ETH en horas no días 0.
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Zill is gonna go wild
Mina cualquier Crypto! 10 gpu mining rig.
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Y'all need to step down and understand that the US has a limited influence in this area I can’t wait for this ico.
Jack hero u ain't hero And crash value of gold and then pumps btc Que necesito carlos para entrar al zoom Hello, i was miss write XRP tag deposit issue I'm fine just letting it run with stop in place All eyes at 6800 for re-test then further down Did they announce something?
Hay que hacerse una cuenta desde la web de ripple? what cryptocurrency mines with storage
(No he visto la manera de hacérmela) o utilizar una wallet? He's been doing that all day Be careful in pump and dump Parece que en comparación con monero y dash no tiene malas caracteristicas Tell him if he wants to invest in Grantcoin.
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I'll sell him 2 for 500 BTC. Parchi le jaa bc. koi na dekhta.
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Hello Alex! The product has already launched.
Alguien de RD que venda BTC?
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I was testing Make sense mining now on testnet? Or it's better wait until the main net release?.
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KeepKey: Tu bóveda privada de Bitcoin. Detalles del producto Color: Negro.
• Es que estan repartidos por casas jjj
• El bitcoin cae, según mis registros y analisis del proceso, cada vez que alcance un monto elevado en un numero par divisible por 2 una vez.BTC = $10.000 USDf(x): B = 10.000/2. x= 5000f(x): B = 5000/2 . x = 2500f(x): 2500/2. b = 1250f(x): 1250/2. b = 625f(x): 625/2. b = 312.5B = 312.5/100. X = 3.1%El Bitcoin bajará en un intervalo de 5 horas un 3.5%
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Color: Negro Compra verificada. Excellent case for my KeepKey, I now carry my KeepKey everyehere and not worry about it getting damaged.
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Keepkey fits nicely even with the leather cover on it. Comes with the little clip.
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Tough, durable, simple! This is great if you travel about from place to place and like to keep your bank on what cryptocurrency mines with storage hip. Or if you're like me you just don't want everyone to know you have a bank which is more secure than, ok a bank.
I have mine in a very secure place for that easy access when I'm on the run. I got my moneys worth on this order!!
Functionally it's ok. It could have been designed with a little more thought and aesthetics in mind.
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Compra verificada. Good to have.
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• Gwen Mars: Abit of server turbulence
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• Pulkit Saxena: More like being pegged
• - Lucas Adamis: Love your daily crypto news. Would you mind posting these to LBRY so we can start getting off youtube to get away from their censorship and other malpractices? Many thanks
• Giovani22: Dinero en efectivo dolar, u otra moneda litecoin team compared to other top cryptocurrencies.
• - Sandra Meyer: Hello.Have you got tellegram? top cryptocurrency miners;)
• Sidney Piccot: Sin incentivos no vas a conseguir que los actores egoístas te ayuden
• - Cr Andres: Pwede ka rin gumamit ng MA 9 and MA 18. Mas okay xa gamitin kaysa sa Bollinger bands. You can also use High Low bands and MA 14. It's 95% accurate ng trade mo. Just wait for the pefect timing. The final thing is you put a MACD below your trading chart so you could watch the market condition at the moment. And one thing for sure, you should learn how to read candlesticks kung saka ka mg.involve sa trading pra hindi ka malugi sa pg.trade. hehehe
• Ishy Gumwil: Started an rpg TA group
• -- Sezgin Savas: My question is: Gold and silver dealers are accepting Bitcoin to purchase. If using Bitcoin to buy gold or silver, who is on the losing end? current ico token sale;)
• Comrade Kirre: Es decir como si comparas la evolución de coca cola con la evolución del dowjones
• -- Smelly Feet: Hi can someone explain atomic swaps please | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '202', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.6784312129020691}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42680', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XIYKQITQN7B6RDLUHUN5KAO7EWKBWMVF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:90263aec-7171-45e3-abd5-696c58230f43>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 19, 42, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.5.97', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VBNRO2YUEZNXT4FGBW7XARDEJVAQFWRO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:58851fda-5264-4d90-939f-4779b49cc170>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://frenchriviera.life/geo/1095.php', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b9b3d369-3a9d-496d-91a0-cf4f4a23e3e1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3562', 'url': 'https://frenchriviera.life/geo/1095.php', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-20.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.042657673358917236', 'original_id': '18ba1ac7a990aa9847afb164911295605f35f08209bfe134ae23ec57d7348ba6'} |
Wasn't there a recent thread were an investigative journalist claims he has evidence that multiple residents tried to intervene, and there were dozens of calls to the police? The police dispatcher and the watch captain screwed things up so badly that the cops didn't arrive until the next day. The NYPD covered up their own incompetence by claiming the "heartless" residents never called them.
Sgt Otter:Wasn't there a recent thread were an investigative journalist claims he has evidence that multiple residents tried to intervene, and there were dozens of calls to the police? The police dispatcher and the watch captain screwed things up so badly that the cops didn't arrive until the next day. The NYPD covered up their own incompetence by claiming the "heartless" residents never called them.
Sgt Otter:Wasn't there a recent thread were an investigative journalist claims he has evidence that multiple residents tried to intervene, and there were dozens of calls to the police? The police dispatcher and the watch captain screwed things up so badly that the cops didn't arrive until the next day. The NYPD covered up their own incompetence by claiming the "heartless" residents never called them.
I get from the article that this was somehow a big deal, but why? What was so special? Was it just something like Adam Walsh or Etan..whatever his last name was? Just some random thing that caught? shiat like this happens every farking day. Why, 50 years on, is it still apparently a thing?
robohobo:I get from the article that this was somehow a big deal, but why? What was so special? Was it just something like Adam Walsh or Etan..whatever his last name was? Just some random thing that caught? shiat like this happens every farking day. Why, 50 years on, is it still apparently a thing?
The Kitty Genovese murder got caught in a cultural echo chamber because of the "38 people watched and did nothing" allegation--sort of the first cultural meme. The whole nation went bugf*ck at the idea that a young girl could be raped and murdered in full view of 38 people who--so the story eventually became--never even called the police!!! (emphasis in original) Studies were done and the so-called "bystander effect" was created and sociologists opined that this was the first sign of the urban anomie plaguing America or whatever. Of course, the reality is way more complex, and yet much more simple.
In reality, yes, 38 people had some knowledge of the attack, in that they "heard something"--i.e. a woman screaming or calling for help; but it was late at night and the attack wasn't in plain view, so by the time anyone got to a window, there was nothing to see. Mosley carried out his assault in a doorway or hallway, if memory serves. A police canvas of the area the next day confirmed that between 20-40 people "heard something" which was where the "38 people" figure came from. Exactly one man admitted to yelling out the window at Mosley "Leave that girl alone," at some point during the attack, at which point Mosley left. Unfortunately for Genovese, he came back and finished her off a few minutes later. Obviously, someone DID call the cops; they arrived shortly after Genovese expired. Neighbors couldn't provide much information, because there hadn't been anything to see.
Much like ITGs today who are just sure that THEY would be able to take down a crazed mall shooter with unerring precision and cool demeanor, people in 1964 were convinced that THEY would have heard everything, called the police immediately and then gone at once to Genovese's aid; so nobody could understand how (once the press got through with the story) 38 people could stand and watch a woman being raped and murdered in cold blood and not lift a finger to help. Of course, the press was no more accurate then than they are today, so that wasn't the true story, but ever since, "Kitty Genovese's Murder" has been a catch phrase for people standing around watching and doing nothing as a crime is committed.
Gyrfalcon:robohobo: I get from the article that this was somehow a big deal, but why? What was so special? Was it just something like Adam Walsh or Etan..whatever his last name was? Just some random thing that caught? shiat like this happens every farking day. Why, 50 years on, is it still apparently a thing?
The Kitty Genovese murder got caught in a cultural echo chamber because of the "38 people watched and did nothing" allegation--sort of the first cultural meme. The whole nation went bugf*ck at the idea that a young girl could be raped and murdered in full view of 38 people who--so the story eventually became--never even called the police!!! (emphasis in original) Studies were done and the so-called "bystander effect" was created and sociologists opined that this was the first sign of the urban anomie plaguing America or whatever. Of course, the reality is way more complex, and yet much more simple.
In reality, yes, 38 people had some knowledge of the attack, in that they "heard something"--i.e. a woman screaming or calling for help; but it was late at night and the attack wasn't in plain view, so by the time anyone got to a window, there was nothing to see. Mosley carried out his assault in a doorway or hallway, if memory serves. A police canvas of the area the next day confirmed that between 20-40 people "heard something" which was where the "38 people" figure came from. Exactly one man admitted to yelling out the window at Mosley "Leave that girl alone," at some point during the attack, at which point Mosley left. Unfortunately for Genovese, he came back and finished her off a few minutes later. Obviously, someone DID call the cops; they arrived shortly after Genovese expired. Neighbors couldn't provide much information, because there hadn't been anything to see.
Much like ITGs today who are just sure that THEY would be able to take down a crazed mall shooter with unerring precision and cool demeanor, people in 1964 were convinced that THEY would have heard everythi ...
Thanks for explanation. This was 15 years before my time and I've never heard of her, I don't think, before tonight. If I did, it was just some passing comment. Reading the wiki now.
As an aside, I would think shiat like this has gone down forever, and it was largely people just being people. Who knows, though.
I am not one of "those guys," but in Oregon, I would have probably shot that guy two or three times to put him down. In New York City, that is not really a good legal option (and I am not criticizing NYC for its strict gun laws).
The incident is really a police incompetence cover-up. There was no police foot patrol, so they had to blame the public. Basic policing in the past, two patrolmen on a circuit. But this was the leaded gas and air era, most people were a little damaged.
Christopher Columbus did not discover America, The Roanoke Colony did not just vanish mysteriously, the American Civil War was not about slavery, a cow did not start the Great Chicago Fire, Rosa Parks wasn't some old lady who was just too tired to give up her bus seat. and 40 people did not go to their windows and do nothing while Kitty Genovese was being murdered right in front of their eyes.
Christopher Columbus did not discover America, The Roanoke Colony did not just vanish mysteriously, the American Civil War was not about slavery, a cow did not start the Great Chicago Fire, Rosa Parks wasn't some old lady who was just too tired to give up her bus seat. and 40 people did not go to their windows and do nothing while Kitty Genovese was being murdered right in front of their eyes.
Christopher Columbus did not discover America, The Roanoke Colony did not just vanish mysteriously, the American Civil War was not about slavery, a cow did not start the Great Chicago Fire, Rosa Parks wasn't some old lady who was just too tired to give up her bus seat. and 40 people did not go to their windows and do nothing while Kitty Genovese was being murdered right in front of their eyes.
f*cking sheeple.
So, she lived? They heard the attack, her cries for help, they intervened, and she survived?
/Also, "the American Civil War was not about slavery?" Seriously? The only farking 'states right' that was involved was the right to keep slaves.
saintstryfe:Only one person saw the attacker with her, and he believed the confrontation ended. The attacker came back.
So nobody helped. That's pretty much the take-away on this. She was attacked, people knew she was being attacked, and she was left to die. That they weren't actually standing there watching the attack is cold comfort.
calbert:Christopher Columbus did not discover America, The Roanoke Colony did not just vanish mysteriously, the American Civil War was not about slavery, a cow did not start the Great Chicago Fire, Rosa Parks wasn't some old lady who was just too tired to give up her bus seat. and 40 people did not go to their windows and do nothing while Kitty Genovese was being murdered right in front of their eyes.
It wasn't only about slavery, but slavery was by far the most important issue. People who deny that aren't heroically striking down widely held falsehoods, they're historical revisionists.
No it isn't. People heard screaming outside and called the cops. Nobody charged out to confront a knife-wielding murderer (not that they even knew there was a murder happening - nobody could actually see the attack), that doesn't make them terrible people.
The take-away is that you shouldn't believe everything you see on the news.
Gunther:Harry_Seldon: I am not one of "those guys," but in Oregon, I would have probably shot that guy two or three times to put him down.
You are exactly one of "those guys" if by "those guys" you mean "internet tough guy".
Dunno, never been put in the situation. I only have one weapon, but I am not that experienced with it. It is a Ruger LCR double action revolver with a front sight. I spent six years in the Army (it's been a while), so I have some weapons training. My ex-wife of ten years is a deputy sheriff, and she kept me in practice. She probably would have no trouble, but then again, she would have probably beat the crap out of him with her baton. She had more practice with that when she worked in county jail.
Good reason not to live in a big city. The people suck, and you'll turn into one of them eventually.
I've lived in both Manhattan and Chicago. I met a lot of good, decent people. But I also saw a shiat-ton of 'looking the other way' while I was scoffed at for stepping in. Nothing so crazy as this story, though. Having lived in smalltown Kansas for a long while now, this shiat would NOT pass. Cops in my town have a less than a 90 second response rate. Also, dogs. Dogs everywhere. Hard to get away with shiat when everyone has dogs. Even the terrified of guns crowd like dogs. No better alarm system.
God-is-a-Taco:cig-mkr: Wow, that was fifty years ago? I remember when that story was the big news. '64 was the year I graduated HS.People were really disgusted withthat story.
Do you have any interesting anecdotes?I'm serious. It'd be interesting to hear a first-hand account of the gossip for this.
Not really, everyone knew the cops were corrupt, not only in NY, but all over the country. Hell, anyone could get a ticket fixed for a few bucks and most of them were on the take. Oh yea, the newspapers went BS about how the people in NY just didn't give a crap about anyone. It really was quite the black eye for NYPD.
robohobo:Boojum2k: Gunther: People heard screaming outside and called the cops.
And left a woman bleeding and time for the attacker to come back and finish the job. Yay.
It doesn't make them good people, either.
It does make them average city dwellers, though.
They called the cops! Why in hell should anyone risk their life to save a woman who was doing a fine job of risking her own life as it was. Thank goodness none of the citizens had guns to help her out. In 1964, people didn't kill people, lousy police dispatchers did.
Boojum2k:And left a woman bleeding and time for the attacker to come back and finish the job. Yay.
Again, they just heard screams. There weren't any windows that overlooked where the murder took place. They called the cops but they didn't rush out into the unknown to confront potentially multiple armed criminals (as far as they knew) and they've been publicly shamed for not doing so for 50 years.
Gunther:Again, they just heard screams. There weren't any windows that overlooked where the murder took place.
And again, the long time story is that they knew she was being attacked and did nothing to help. Which is true. Calling the cops didn't help her. I doubt their years of shame have hurt more than one of her knife wounds.
FTAKevin Cook, author of "Kitty Genovese: The Murder, the Bystanders, the Crime That Changed America," argues that only a few neighbors saw enough of the attack to understand much of what was going on, and some of them tried to help.
Everyone assumes they'd be great in a crisis - most people aren't. I guess I find it hard to judge them as harshly as you do for not charging out into the night and karate-chopping the knife-wielding murderer into submission.
The way this story has always been portrayed in the media is that 38 neighbors watched her get murdered and did nothing. In reality it was very different - even your own quote says that only a few neighbors had an idea of what was happening and of those, some tried to help.
cig-mkr:God-is-a-Taco: cig-mkr: Wow, that was fifty years ago? I remember when that story was the big news. '64 was the year I graduated HS.People were really disgusted withthat story.
Do you have any interesting anecdotes?I'm serious. It'd be interesting to hear a first-hand account of the gossip for this.
Not really, everyone knew the cops were corrupt, not only in NY, but all over the country. Hell, anyone could get a ticket fixed for a few bucks and most of them were on the take. Oh yea, the newspapers went BS about how the people in NY just didn't give a crap about anyone. It really was quite the black eye for NYPD.
Ooooh, I totally forgot about getting tickets fixed - haven't gotten a ticket in 30+ years.
Everyone assumes they'd be great in a crisis - most people aren't. I guess I find it hard to judge them as harshly as you do for not charging out into the night and karate-chopping the knife-wielding murderer into submission.
The way this story has always been portrayed in the media is that 38 neighbors watched her get murdered and did nothing. In reality it was very different - even your own quote says that only a few neighbors had an idea of what was happening and of those, some tried to help.
Wikipedia has a good write-up on it. One woman held Kitty after the second attack and waited with her for the ambulance, and the first call to the police occurred after that second attack. At least a dozen people decided it was a "lover's quarrel" or a drunk, and claimed they didn't see any wounds. Apparently being stabbed in the back doesn't make you bleed in NYC.No, really, apart from Sophia Farrar and Karl Ross, the roughly dozen people who saw her either being attacked or between attacks, and the neighbors who tuned out the sounds of a woman screaming, deserve all the scorn they have received and will continue to receive. Moseley got to attack her twice with no one helping her.
I don't know if it was this case in particular, but was a lot of the following media hype being pushed by the Helen Lovejoy types? Something to the effect of "this is TV destroying the morality of our nation, in action!". Or pushing the idea that people were now unable to distinguish between real situations that needed intervention, and acted scenes? | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c9cb7bda444022ad97afb6c249406d14e724ec8a8384e5896c1aa378fa355d48'} |
garden2upark2014-8The Garden Committee helps foster a love of the earth through education and cultivation of plants in our school community garden. Each spring they plant seeds indoors under grow lights and eventually transplant them to one of our many growing beds in the Learning Landscape. In the fall, students and volunteers harvest the vegetables and flowers and sell them at our student-run farmer’s market. The committee is collaborating with classroom teachers to incorporate the gardens into classroom learning. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9191761612892152}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49958', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KJB4OYIPS2CLAW5ZTH2NLNZZ7NWKJXDA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7cd6013c-d406-42f3-bdf5-281886f5634f>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 7, 17, 7, 32, 36), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.252.144.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JGLBBVEH6BL4MCZNOERID67YOEQDIKNU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e6ce3a6d-b5cf-4b78-9423-9b70afb6b00c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://uparkelementary.org/get-involved/pta/garden/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5aacbafc-d1ea-4255-baa7-03809aa90231>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '79', 'url': 'http://uparkelementary.org/get-involved/pta/garden/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-93-215-215.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-30\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for July 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02762705087661743', 'original_id': 'd6d6cf03a247cce9b3938d5f7d494c07a235a4c1e726b5dabce0330f1bf8d134'} |
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Tuesday, January 12, 2021
The RAW RhetoRick (1/11/21): Double Duty with a Side of Cheese
Booking WWE officials in the main event, so hot right now. I'm Ricky Publico, and this is the RAW RhetoRick.
I'm actually still high from the last Friday's SmackDown episode that I didn't realize it's time to review RAW again. Dammit, I hate how close they are from each other. But fine, I signed up for this and I have nothing else going on, might as well consume some garbage to pass the time. Believe it or not, this week's episode of RAW was quite newsworthy—all for the wrong reasons, of course, but newsworthy nonetheless. How does Drew McIntyre contracting COVID-19 sound to you?
It's not exactly the show's fault, but the WWE Champion getting hit with the 'Rona is a huge iceberg for an already sinking ship. It sucks that someone as deserving of the spotlight as Drew McIntyre had to be sidelined for at least two weeks because of the goddamn coronavirus. It's a reminder that everyone involved in producing a weekly wrestling show is risking their lives for everyone's entertainment. Imagine adding the pandemic to the stress of possibly injuring vital parts of your body.
And how good was McIntyre's PSA? I didn't even realize WWE can do that. Doing PSAs is literally the least they can do if they still insist on producing shows in the middle of a pandemic. They have all the resources so why stop there? Let's take all the likable Superstars and have them encourage everyone to wear masks and practice social distancing. This is legit a no-brainer and a great opportunity to make something relevant out of an unfortunate situation. Do something good for once, Vince!
So how did Creative handle Drew McIntyre's absence? By forcing select wrestlers to do double duty and booking a WWE official in the main event (and having the balls to pull a bait-and-switch in the process). Triple H probably saw how well-received Adam Pearce was last week so he thought he'd do better since he's a higher official and he's goddamn Triple H. Never mind the fact that we've seen him wrestle Randy Orton a million times and we don't even know why he was there in the first place.
Man, that opening segment. Aside from the fact that it didn't make any sense, it was also a rehash of a rehash. Orton was basically doing his thing last week, only this time, it was Triple H. And in turn, Triple H got offended over a comment that literally every other rival has used against him. What's wrong with retrieving your balls from your wife's purse? That's toxic masculinity for ya. It's the complete opposite of what SmackDown last week that it just pissed me off more than anything. God, I hate RAW.
They were so sure of this main event that they had to rewind the first segment twice to convince everyone. And as you can expect, the result was hot garbage, literally. If you've seen a Triple H vs. Orton match, you've seen this week's main event. Just add a flaming sledgehammer and a fireball-carrying Alexa Bliss and you're all good. While the former looked genuinely cool, the latter looked phony af. They've literally burned a person in the middle of the ring. A fireball's nothing.
I'm not even gonna ask where the referee was because at this point, who even cares? It's also annoying how the hokiest storyline of the show always gets to close the show when they can literally choose any other segment. As terrible as last week's closing image, that show still ended with a phenomenal WWE Championship match. No one cares about Randy Orton and The Fiend anymore. If this is the best they can do, at least don't let them hog the main event for themselves.
How about giving Keith Lee and Sheamus the reins and just have them demolish tag teams every week? Out of all the double duty matches, their matches were the only ones that made total sense. After beating Miz and Morrison, the two frenemies suddenly got hostile and before you know it, they're already fighting. And their subsequent match was way better than the first one so that's always nice. Sheamus is always great when he's making friends with people he just went to town with.
Compare that to the other restarted matches and nothing even came close. Okay. maybe Bobbly Lashley vs. Riddle came close but then they had to ruin it with a rushed Riddle vs. MVP match. What a way to ruin Lashley's dominating win. Then there's Jeff Hardy facing both Jaxson Ryker and Elias in one night. What exactly did that accomplish? Don't ask me, I asked the question first. How did this happen when they could've booked more matches? What, are the others quarantined just like Drew?
CLOSING RHETORICK: It's a typical episode of RAW, what else do you want me to say? The best way to consume RAW these days is to watch the highlights on YouTube and forget about the rest. Aside from Keith Lee and Sheamus bro-mancing it up, this week's episode dragged from start to finish. At this point, they needed to end it with some cheesy bullshit to make it memorable, to say the least. Now if you'll excuse me, I have a few Dynamite episodes to catch up on.
Show Grade: D-
RhetoRickal Statements That Pulled Double Duty
• It's so nice of them to find airtime for Drew Gulak and AJ Styles. and hey, they snuck in Shayna Baszler and Nia Jax in there somewhere. It was clear that they needed time to fill, so instead of having others do double duty, why not give unused talent more time to lace up their boots? Lucha House Party was literally just there talking to Riddle. Eh, you know what, why do I even bother. 🤷♂️
• Yo, T-Bar vs. Xavier Woods was actually lit. It may have been a nothing match, but I still enjoyed the chemistry between these two. It's been a while since we've seen Dijakovic's unique finisher so that always gets plus points from me. More Retribution victories, please.
• How dare Riddle invoke the name of Brochachos. Did John Morrison include you in his exclusive club? That's gimmick infringement!
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Item Reviewed: The RAW RhetoRick (1/11/21): Double Duty with a Side of Cheese Rating: 5 Reviewed By: Ricky Jay Publico
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quantum theory
quantum theory
Relationship of Energy and Matter
According to the older theories of classical physics, energy is treated solely as a continuous phenomenon, while matter is assumed to occupy a very specific region of space and to move in a continuous manner. According to the quantum theory, energy is held to be emitted and absorbed in tiny, discrete amounts. An individual bundle or packet of energy, called a quantum (pl. quanta), thus behaves in some situations much like particles of matter; particles are found to exhibit certain wavelike properties when in motion and are no longer viewed as localized in a given region but rather as spread out to some degree.
Dual Nature of Waves and Particles
Evolution of Quantum Theory
Early Developments
Quantum Mechanics and Later Developments
See W. Heisenberg, The Physical Principles of the Quantum Theory (1930) and Physics and Philosophy (1958); G. Gamow, Thirty Years that Shook Physics (1966); J. Gribbin, In Search of Schrödinger's Cat (1984).
Branch of mathematical physics that deals with atomic and subatomic systems. It is concerned with phenomena that are so small-scale that they cannot be described in classical terms, and it is formulated entirely in terms of statistical probabilities. Considered one of the great ideas of the 20th century, quantum mechanics was developed mainly by Niels Bohr, Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, and Max Born and led to a drastic reappraisal of the concept of objective reality. It explained the structure of atoms, atomic nuclei (see nucleus), and molecules; the behaviour of subatomic particles; the nature of chemical bonds (see bonding); the properties of crystalline solids (see crystal); nuclear energy; and the forces that stabilize collapsed stars. It also led directly to the development of the laser, the electron microscope, and the transistor.
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Theory that brings quantum mechanics and special relativity together to account for subatomic phenomena. In particular, the interactions of subatomic particles are described in terms of their interactions with fields, such as the electromagnetic field. However, the fields are quantized and represented by particles, such as photons for the electromagnetic field. Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes the interaction of electrically charged particles via electromagnetic fields. Quantum chromodynamics describes the action of the strong force. The electroweak theory, a unified theory of electromagnetic and weak forces, has considerable experimental support, and can likely be extended to include the strong force. Theories that include the gravitational force (see gravitation) are more speculative. Seealso grand unified theory, unified field theory.
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Quantum theory of the interactions of charged particles with the electromagnetic field. It describes the interactions of light with matter as well as those of charged particles with each other. Its foundations were laid by P. A. M. Dirac when he discovered an equation describing the motion and spin of electrons that incorporated both quantum mechanics and the theory of special relativity. The theory, as refined and developed in the late 1940s, rests on the idea that charged particles interact by emitting and absorbing photons. It has become a model for other quantum field theories.
Learn more about quantum electrodynamics (QED) with a free trial on
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Theory that describes the action of the strong force. The strong force acts only on certain particles, principally quarks that are bound together in the protons and neutrons of the atomic nucleus, as well as in less stable, more exotic forms of matter. Quantum chromodynamics has been built on the concept that quarks interact via the strong force because they carry a form of “strong charge,” which has been given the name “colour.” The three types of charge are called red, green, and blue, in analogy to the primary colours of light, though there is no connection with the usual sense of colour.
Learn more about quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with a free trial on
In physics, a discrete natural unit, or packet, of energy, charge, angular momentum, or other physical property. Light, for example, which appears in some respects as a continuous electromagnetic wave, on the submicroscopic level is emitted and absorbed in discrete amounts, or quanta; for light of a given wavelength, the magnitude of all the quanta emitted or absorbed is the same in both energy and momentum. These particlelike packets of light are called photons, a term also applicable to quanta of other forms of electromagnetic energy such as X rays and gamma rays. Submicroscopic mechanical vibrations in the layers of atoms comprising crystals also give up or take on energy and momentum in quanta called phonons. Seealso quantum mechanics.
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Quantum theory may mean:
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In popular culture:
• "Quantum Theory", the final song from Jarvis, by Jarvis Cocker
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Seth Godin on Failing Until You Succeed
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The New York Times paywall makes a decent effort to bridge app-based subscriptions with physical papers and online access, but there’s one glaring exception: eBookstores (except Amazon’s Kindle) are being cut out of the fun. It’s looking like Amazon was able to cut a special deal, but everyone else (mainly B&N and Kobo) are not included in any such offerings, which is a slap in the face to the users who have been voluntarily paying for an electronic version of the New York Times.
It just boggles my mind, since there’s really no downside to allowing these subscribers to have online access. Maybe there is not a significant base of users, in which case offering them online access is a goodwill gesture more than anything. And even if there’s actually a huge community of people who love reading the New York Times on their NOOKcolor, why are you denying perks to the people who were paying for the paper long before it was compulsory?
For reference, B&N and Kobo charge $19.99 for a month of the New York Times. The digital subscriptions range from $15 to $35, so $20 isn’t outside the norm. In fact, if the New York Times really wanted to, they could probably set two tiers of pricing, $19.99 for purely eReader subscriptions and, say, $24.99 including the online access. The point is, they could make it work but they just aren’t.
Sadly, it doesn’t look good for B&N and Kobo. When I reached out to B&N’s PR, the answer I received was “We have no announcements at this time.” This, to me, indicates that eBookstores selling subscriptions may still be second class citizens in the grander scheme of magazines and newspapers. The Wall Street Journal has maintained a paywall for some time, and there is no carryover to the ebookstore subscriptions either. With two major newspapers now treating eReader subscriptions differently than tablet ones, it doesn’t bode well for any other periodicals extending online benefits to eReader consumers. It’s disappointing, and I hope it’s a trend that changes quickly.
All this just further lowers any incentive to subscribe to newspapers and magazines through eBookstores, at least for me. What’s your take on this? Do you currently subscribe to any newspapers on your Kindle, NOOK or Kobo, or is this a non-issue for you? Share your thoughts below!
Carly has been a gadget fiend for a long time, going back to her first PDA (a Palm M100). She quickly went from researching what PDA to buy to following tech news closely and keeping up with the latest and greatest stuff. She loves writing about ebooks because they combine her two favorite activities; reading anything and everything, and talking about fun new tech toys. What could be better? | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'a696bcd30e5a570c8fa8016919ccc278bd19732deab01770a9390553b5d2cf1c'} |
Making Iphigenia
Being a movie director in such a different country like mine is nothing easy, but still stimulates my imagination. I am not creative when I am comfortable, I need challenges and problems to solve in order to create stories. Since stories themselves are conflicts based on problems. It can be intimidating to work in a different culture but it makes me feel alive. In this story I worked with people that had a totally different style and culture. But is only when you are in a different challenging environment that your true essence comes out and that essence is eventually reflected in your movie. As I kept writing and later directing this story I was realising that this story was clearly about myself. I was the one asking the same questions that the main character was encountering and that vision was been projected on the problems that Jie encounters in that night. I was slowly realising that humans are designed to be weak and make mistakes sometimes and to solve them in a heroic way. Greatness only appears when we face our mistakes and weaknesses. During this movie I went through a trip to my darkest place until I had to face myself totally alone. I always say that the really shooting starts when you are on your own in the movie, and the people around you start being tired and wondering what you are doing. Those hard decisions that you need to take on your own when everybody wants to go home to sleep, that is what means to “direct” a story. It is the story and me. It’s all about choices. You can get them wrong, but greatness comes from taking responsibility for them, just like Jie in this story. Making this film was a dark and amazing experience. I am also feeling sorry for my producers, they are in fact the ones acting in that pervert scene in the aisle… !
Never Scene Films | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9859474301338196}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '76756', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JOIMMS5HGMLJL2RHV62KBBBJMHWWASCJ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:49bb6994-9a6e-4a7f-8296-116d65cf3ed3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 2, 20, 19, 46, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '51.68.98.151', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4NSSJXON3ENT6AJXXOUFVTTUQ66HGDVI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3dc059f0-f826-41b1-af07-50a25baa1ae1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://neverscenefilms.com/shortfilms/making-iphigenia/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ff6c98f9-5f01-45e2-849f-3e3b9d3e8d1a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '327', 'url': 'https://neverscenefilms.com/shortfilms/making-iphigenia/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-238.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08453446626663208', 'original_id': 'fb154a8c6fef25aed159d9bceabc60d01c57d02a40ba83f9da92c50d9bb43d89'} |
The sweet smell of burning sage drifted on a lazy summer breeze across a Canadian Tire parking lot on Regina's east side Friday as about 50 Indigenous demonstrators gathered to protest racism in the province.
Their heart-felt stories, punctuated by the sound of their drums, came in the wake of a video released by Kamao Cappo, an Indigenous man who had an encounter with a Canadian Tire manager earlier in the week that turned physical.
Cappo says the incident took place after he was accused of trying to steal from the store — an allegation he denies.
Emotions among those attending ranged from sorrow to rage.
Norma Caldwell Hiltergerke of the Cote First Nation, near Kamsack embodied the latter. Discrimination is rampant, and Indigenous people are "always" labelled, she said.
"I've been dealing with this all my life. I've been followed around stores. Some people, they look at you: 'Oh my, better cross the street, we don't want to walk by that Indian. She might rob us,' " she said.
She said the discrimination she was condemning at the rally in Regina is also present in British Columbia, where she now lives.
"It's all the same old rhetoric from the time the Ku Klux Klan … started here in Saskatchewan. Their same hatred is spreading again across the country, and many of you people don't say a damn thing!" she shouted at reporters.
Norma Caldwell Hiltergerke of Cote First Nation says discrimination is something she's dealt with her whole life. (Brandon Harder/CBC)
Others at the gathering also spoke about the spread of hate, including Patricia Deiter, a teacher and resident of Peepeekisis First Nation, about 100 kilometres northeast of Regina.
"I work really hard to make sure that my students appreciate Canada, and it's really hard to teach our First Nations people not to be so full of hate," she said.
"This was our land, this is our homeland, and they know it," she said. "And they come into the cities and they get followed around and racially profiled."
She said events such as the one recorded by Cappo anger First Nations people and encourage young Indigenous people to hate. As such, she said, awareness about discrimination needs to be raised and companies need to do more to stop it, including consequences for those who act in a racist manner.
Participants marched in front of the store, beating on drums and displaying signs. (Brandon Harder/CBC)
A handful of youth were at the event. Despite being much younger than Cappo, they shared what they felt to be similar experiences.
"In, like, stores and stuff I just get stared at, like they're expecting us to do something bad," said Shanaya Buffalo of Nekaneet First Nation, near Maple Creek.
Her friend, Tori Gibson of White Bear First Nation, about 100 kilometres east of Weyburn, said she'd seen someone drive by the gathering shaking their head.
"It made me feel that we shouldn't be here, even though we should be, because it needs to stop."
Kamao Cappo claims he was discriminated against at the store where the rally was held. (Brandon Harder/CBC)
Valyncia Sparvier, also of White Bear First Nation, said that she's been accused of being "brainwashed" for speaking about missing and murdered indigenous women.
"It made me really mad," she said. "Because they should be bringing our people up more instead of stepping all over us."
Regina Police Service had a presence at the event, with four vehicles on site and officers looking on from a short distance. However, the gathering remained peaceful, with children playing while parents spoke and marched. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '98bcac6a9fda77d10bb5ddbbbc069d749d6afba0da1481d24b541983188c1ff3'} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-plants-09-00517}
===============
Cycads are long-lived perennial gymnosperm plants that exhibit discontinuous primary growth characterized by long periods of apparent quiescence between ephemeral bursts of leaf or reproductive structure growth from stem apices \[[@B1-plants-09-00517]\]. The cycad pachycaulous stems are manoxylic and lack the bifacial secondary cambium present in lignophyte tree species for radial growth \[[@B1-plants-09-00517],[@B2-plants-09-00517]\]. Persistent pith and cortex are separated radially by concentric vascular cylinders that contain copious parenchyma tissue \[[@B3-plants-09-00517],[@B4-plants-09-00517],[@B5-plants-09-00517]\]. Living parenchyma tissue persists across the entire radial area of the cycad stem. As a result, abundant non-structural carbohydrates are stored in cycad stems. Carbohydrate resources using contemporary analytical approaches have been quantified for *Cycas micronesica* K.D. Hill \[[@B6-plants-09-00517],[@B7-plants-09-00517]\], *Cycas revoluta* Thunb. \[[@B8-plants-09-00517]\], and *Zamia muricata* Willd. \[[@B9-plants-09-00517]\].
The study of phenology of cycad species within in situ localities has been deficient. While studying *C. micronesica* phenology, we determined that leaf flushes emerge and complete expansion in about one month, while male cones emerge and complete expansion in about two months ([Figure 1](#plants-09-00517-f001){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@B10-plants-09-00517]\]. These ephemeral growth events may occur during any month of the year for Guam localities, but are more pronounced in April for male cones and August for leaf flushes \[[@B11-plants-09-00517]\].
The rapid pulse of growth of new synchronized leaves or male cones offers a model system that lends itself to the study of concomitant sink activity. Female reproductive structures also add expensive construction events to a *Cycas* tree. Nevertheless, the sporophylls, ovules, and developing seeds of the *C. micronesica* megastrobilus are slowly developing structures that require years to mature \[[@B10-plants-09-00517]\]. Moreover, the addition of a new leaf flush subsequent to the addition of a megastrobilus complicates the model system with a carbon source that is younger than the megastrobilus. In contrast, a new synchronized leaf flush or male cone reaches mature size rapidly and without the addition of a younger carbon source, forcing the growth to be supported by current photosynthates of pre-existing leaves and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) stored in stems and roots.
*Cycas micronesica* leaves are 150--180 cm in length \[[@B12-plants-09-00517]\] and 25--30 leaves may occur in a single flush for mature trees. The construction of so much new tissue within one month suggests that an abundance of construction resources is likely to be needed within a short time period. Although male cones require twice as much time to reach mature size, these structures are sizeable and commonly reach 50 cm in height and 10 cm in diameter \[[@B12-plants-09-00517]\]. Moreover, thermogenic activity, which requires non-structural resources as substrates, is a crucial component of *C. micronesica* male cone behavior \[[@B13-plants-09-00517],[@B14-plants-09-00517]\]. We predicted that a decline in *C. micronesica* stem NSC concentrations would occur in response to the sink demands of the rapid expansion of these two organs, with a greater reduction in the NSC resources of the stem by construction of the male cone rather than the leaf flush construction.
2. Materials and Methods {#sec2-plants-09-00517}
========================
2.1. Site Description {#sec2dot1-plants-09-00517}
---------------------
The experimental site was a plot in a native forest on the east coast of Guam in which all *C. micronesica* trees were protected from the lethal *Aulacaspis yasumatsui* Takagi with granular imidacloprid applications since 2007. The plot was positioned at 20--60 m above sea level, aspect was 120--150°, and mature plant density was 1050 stems per ha. More details for the site are contained elsewhere \[[@B7-plants-09-00517],[@B15-plants-09-00517],[@B16-plants-09-00517]\]. The edaphic substrates at this site were coralline soils formed in slope alluvium, loess, and residuum overlying limestone (clayey-skeletal, gibbsitic, nonacid, isohyperthermic Lithic Ustorthents) \[[@B17-plants-09-00517]\].
*Cycas micronesica* phenology in this and other localities on Guam had been observed for several years. Although leaf or cone emergence may occur at any time throughout the year, the most synchronized population-level male cone emergence occurred in April, and the most synchronized population-level leaf flush emergence occurred in August. These two months were selected for the two sampling periods in 2012 when the plants had been protected from *A. yasumatsui* infestations for five years. The protected trees were vigorous in appearance and possessed robust crowns of 50--70 healthy leaves per tree. Most of the mature trees in the plot had been identified as male or female, and the experimental trees for this study were restricted to male trees. These methods enabled a more accurate comparison between the influences of leaf flushes and male cone growth, as the sex of cycad plants has been shown to affect organ chemistry \[[@B18-plants-09-00517],[@B19-plants-09-00517]\].
2.2. Field Methods {#sec2dot2-plants-09-00517}
------------------
The male tree population within the protected plot was observed twice weekly in April 2012 for newly emerging cones until six pairs of trees with synchronized dates of cone emergence were identified ([Table 1](#plants-09-00517-t001){ref-type="table"}). The same population was observed twice per week in August 2012 for new leaf flushes until six pairs of trees with synchronized dates of leaf emergence were identified. The observed trees during this reconnaissance were restricted to heights of 2.0--2.5 m to remove any inconsistencies owing to allometric relations. Moreover, any trees with a cone as the antecedent growth event were not included to ensure that all 12 trees were individuals with two successive leaf flushes prior to the experimental period. The pairs were created by proximity within the plot and synchrony of organ emergence. The two trees for each pair were separated by no more than 30 m. For each pair of synchronized trees, one of the trees was randomly selected for defoliation to force the organ construction to rely on stored NSCs for construction.
Total stem height and stem diameter at the base were measured ([Table 1](#plants-09-00517-t001){ref-type="table"}). Field methods for excision of stem tissue were patterned after Marler and Shaw \[[@B20-plants-09-00517]\]. A 2.54 cm hole saw was installed in a hand drill and a core was extracted at 30 cm below the oldest leaf petiole. This position was 40--50 cm below the stem apex. Each core extended through the cortex and vascular cylinders to a depth that extracted 1 cm of pith tissue. Stem diameter at the height of the core was measured. The field tissue samples were handled as described in \[[@B7-plants-09-00517]\] and transported to a University of Guam laboratory, where each core was separated into cortex, vascular, and pith categories. The diameter of the cortex and vascular tissue was measured directly. The diameter of pith was calculated by subtracting the cortex and vascular tissue diameter from the total stem diameter by assuming the cortex and vascular tissue diameter on the opposite side of the core was in symmetry with that on the side of the core.
For each tree, one core was extracted prior to the cone or leaf flush. For the cone growth study, this was 4--25 April 2012, and for the leaf growth study, this was 2--26 August 2012. A second core was extracted from a different radial orientation immediately after the culmination of growth, after one month for the leaf flush trees, and immediately after pollen dispersal for the male cone trees. For the cone growth study, this was carried out between 10 and 30 June 2012, and for the leaf growth study, this occurred between 3 and 25 September 2012.
The hole created by each core was protected on the same date by filling the hole with expanding insulation foam (Great Stuff^TM^, Dow Chemical Company, Wilmington, IL, USA) \[[@B21-plants-09-00517]\]. The foam was allowed to cure for one day, and then was trimmed to be flush with the stem surface. Tree wound sealant was applied over the surface of the foam and the 3 cm surrounding the wound. Verification that no secondary damage occurred to the intact stem tissues following the core extractions was achieved by monitoring the trees for three years, when the imidacloprid applications were terminated owing to loss of funding.
2.3. Tissue and Data Analysis {#sec2dot3-plants-09-00517}
-----------------------------
The frozen tissue was lyophilized and milled to pass through a 20 mesh screen. NSC was quantified as described in \[[@B6-plants-09-00517],[@B7-plants-09-00517],[@B8-plants-09-00517]\]. Soluble sugar extraction was conducted using hot-water extraction with acetonitrile (80 °C) \[[@B22-plants-09-00517]\]. The concentrations of four free sugars (the hexoses fructose and glucose, and the disaccharides sucrose and maltose) were determined by HPLC-RI (Thermo Scientific RI-150, AS3000 autosampler, P2000 pump, Waltham, MA, USA). Starch was quantified following hydrolyzation by amyloglucosidase to glucose \[[@B23-plants-09-00517]\].
The MIXED procedure (Proc MIXED, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) was employed for the three-way analysis of variance in a split-split-plot design. The whole plot treatment was defoliation treatment, the sub-plot treatment was date, and the sub-sub-plot treatment was tissue category. The response variables were starch, the two disaccharides, the two monosaccharides, and total NSC as derived by the sum of the five measured NSCs. Male cone and new leaf data were analyzed separately because the two studies were conducted in different seasons.
3. Results {#sec3-plants-09-00517}
==========
3.1. Male Cone Trees {#sec3dot1-plants-09-00517}
--------------------
The 12 male cones were typical in appearance and size. At the pollen dispersal stage when maximum size occurred, the cones ranged from 36 to 44 cm in height for the control trees and from 35 to 45 cm in height for the defoliated trees. The stem carbohydrate concentrations ranked in the order starch \> sucrose \> glucose \> fructose \> maltose. Starch exhibited significant differences for the treatment × date interaction (*p* = 0.026). Compared with the initial concentrations, the defoliation treatment produced a 43% reduction in stem starch concentration compared with 38% in the control treatment ([Figure 2](#plants-09-00517-f002){ref-type="fig"}). A similar pattern was observed with sucrose, with defoliated trees having a greater decline in sucrose than the control trees (29% versus 10% decline, respectively; *p* = 0.011). The treatment × date interaction was not significant for glucose, fructose, or maltose. Furthermore, the treatment main factor was not significant for any of these sugars. The date main factor was not significant for glucose or fructose, but was significant for maltose (*p* \< 0.001). The post-cone maltose concentration was 7% below that of the pre-cone maltose concentration. Total NSC exhibited significant differences among the treatment × date interaction (*p* = 0.007), and patterns followed those of starch ([Figure 2](#plants-09-00517-f002){ref-type="fig"}).
Stem starch concentration exhibited a date × tissue type interaction for these trees with male cones (*p* \< 0.001). Stem starch concentration varied among cortex, vascular, and pith tissues prior to cone growth, but did not differ among the tissue categories following cone maturation ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}). Stem sucrose concentration in vascular tissue was less than that in cortex or pith tissue prior to cone emergence and following cone maturation (*p* \< 0.001). These similar patterns before and after the cone growth caused the date × tissue type interaction to be non-significant (*p* = 0.157). However, the date main factor was significant (*p* \< 0.001), and stem sucrose after cone maturation was 80% of that prior to cone emergence ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}). The pattern of glucose concentration before and after cone growth was unique ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}). Stem glucose concentration declined in vascular and cortex tissue following cone maturation, but increased in pith tissue. Stem fructose concentration was not influenced by date (*p* = 0.414), or by the date × tissue interaction (*p* = 0.361). In contrast, stem fructose concentration varied among the tissue categories (*p* \< 0.001). Fructose concentration was similar between pith and vascular tissues, and was 1.7-fold greater in cortex tissue ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}). Stem maltose concentration exhibited a date × tissue type interaction (*p* = 0.015). Maltose concentration was similar for pith and cortex tissue before cone emergence, and declined similarly about 7% during cone maturation ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}). Vascular tissue maltose concentration was less than that of cortex or pith tissue, and was not influence by date. Total NSC concentration in the stem tissues exhibited a date × tissue type interaction (*p* \< 0.001). The patterns among tissue types and dates were similar to those of starch ([Figure 3](#plants-09-00517-f003){ref-type="fig"}).
3.2. Leaf Flush Trees {#sec3dot2-plants-09-00517}
---------------------
The numbers of leaves within the synchronized flushes were similar among the 12 trees that were used for the leaf flush measurements. There were 15--22 or 16--21 leaves per flush for the control or defoliated trees, respectively. Mature length of the new leaves was 166--182 cm for the control trees, and was reduced by pre-existing leaf removal to 145--163 cm for the defoliated trees. The pre-emergence concentrations of the NSCs among the three tissue types were similar to those for the male cone trees. Starch exhibited significant differences for the treatment × date interaction (*p* = 0.021). Stem starch concentration after leaf expansion was 58% or 66% below the concentration prior to leaf emergence in control trees or prior to leaf emergence in defoliated trees ([Figure 4](#plants-09-00517-f004){ref-type="fig"}). Sucrose was the free sugar in highest concentration and showed significant differences in the treatment × date interaction (*p* = 0.037). Stem sucrose concentration after leaf expansion was 16% and 30% below that prior to leaf emergence in control trees and defoliated trees, respectively ([Figure 4](#plants-09-00517-f004){ref-type="fig"}). Stem glucose concentration was not influenced by date (*p* = 0.822), treatment (*p* = 0.403), or the date × treatment interaction (*p* = 0.658). Stem fructose concentration exhibited significant differences among the treatment × date interaction (*p* = 0.004). Stem fructose concentration after leaf expansion was 10% and 33% below that prior to leaf emergence in in control and defoliated trees, respectively ([Figure 4](#plants-09-00517-f004){ref-type="fig"}). Stem maltose concentration was not influenced by treatment (*p* = 0.307) or the date × treatment interaction (*p* = 0.383). However, the stem maltose concentration was influenced by date (*p* \< 0.001). The maltose concentration after leaf expansion was 92% of that of the pre-growth maltose concentration ([Figure 4](#plants-09-00517-f004){ref-type="fig"}). Total NSC patterns followed those of starch for dates and treatments ([Figure 4](#plants-09-00517-f004){ref-type="fig"}). The before cone emergence and after cone maturation concentrations were similar for the two treatments, so the treatment × date interaction was not significant (*p* = 0.554). The date main factor was significant (*p* \< 0.001), and stem NSC concentration after cone maturation was 43% below that of NSC concentration prior to cone emergence.
Stem starch concentration exhibited a date × tissue type interaction for these trees exhibiting a leaf flush (*p* \< 0.001). Stem starch concentration varied among cortex, vascular, and pith tissues prior to leaf growth, but did not differ among the tissue categories following leaf maturation ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Stem sucrose concentration also exhibited a date × tissue type interaction for these trees exhibiting a leaf flush (*p* \< 0.001). As with starch, stem sucrose concentrations varied among the organs prior to leaf emergence, but were reduced to similar concentrations after leaf expansion ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Stem glucose concentration exhibited a date × tissue type interaction for these trees exhibiting a leaf flush (*p* \< 0.001). Pith glucose concentration increased, vascular glucose concentration was unaffected, and cortex glucose concentration decreased during leaf expansion ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Stem fructose concentration was influenced by the date × tissue interaction (*p* = 0.007). Fructose concentration decreased during leaf expansion for pith and cortex tissues, but was unaffected for vascular tissue ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Stem maltose concentration exhibited date × tissue type interaction (*p* \< 0.001). Maltose concentration was similar for pith and cortex tissue before leaf emergence, and declined a similar amount during cone maturation ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}). Vascular tissue maltose concentration was less than that of cortex or pith tissue, and was not influenced by date. Total NSC concentration in the stem tissues exhibited a date × tissue type interaction (*p* \< 0.001). The patterns among tissue types and dates were similar to those of starch ([Figure 5](#plants-09-00517-f005){ref-type="fig"}).
4. Discussion {#sec4-plants-09-00517}
=============
4.1. Stem NSC Behavior {#sec4dot1-plants-09-00517}
----------------------
Starch and disaccharides dominated the NSC relations in the *C. micronesica* stem tissue. The patterns of declines of these two NSCs in stem tissue were similar for rapid new leaf or male cone growth. The fructose, glucose, and maltose concentrations were minimal compared with starch and sucrose concentrations, and the behaviors in response to rapid new leaf or male cone growth were not consistent for these three sugars. These results generally confirmed our first prediction, and indirectly verified that the sink activity of rapid leaf and cone growth placed demands on stem NSCs. Two outcomes of our study were not consistent with the prediction that male cone growth would generate greater demands on stem NSCs than new leaf growth. First, the decline in NSC concentration following new leaf growth was greater than the decline following male cone growth. Second, the decline in stem starch during male cone growth was amplified by removing all pre-existing leaves, but the decline in stem starch during new leaf growth was not influenced by removing the pre-existing leaves. These results indirectly verified that new leaf growth placed more demands on labile stem NSCs than new cone growth, and that some of the sink demands for cone maturation were met from current photosynthates from subtending leaves.
The study of cycad stem NSC relations using contemporary analytical approaches is limited, but the few reports on *Cycas* plants have confirmed that these manoxylic stems contain copious NSC resources. Container-grown *C. revoluta* plants exhibited stem starch of ≈200 mg·g^−1^ and NSC of ≈380 mg·g^−1^ \[[@B8-plants-09-00517]\]. Container-grown *C. micronesica* plants exhibited stem starch of ≈129 mg·g^−1^ and NSC of ≈314 mg·g^−1^ \[[@B6-plants-09-00517]\]. In situ *C. micronesica* plants exhibited stem starch of ≈200 mg·g^−1^ and NSC of ≈370 mg·g^−1^ \[[@B7-plants-09-00517]\]. Our results from healthy male *C. micronesica* trees that were protected from herbivory with systemic insecticides exceeded these published values, with starch concentrations close to 300 mg·g^−1^ and NSC of more than 400 mg·g^−1^.
The sampling cores were restricted to a single axial location immediately below the living leaves. Therefore, our results are not useful for determining how the sink activity of new leaf flushes and male cones on *Cycas* stem apices influence root NSC resources and stem NSC resources at axial locations closer to the base of the stem. Our results also do not contribute to our need to understand the processes whereby stem NSC concentrations are replenished after the ephemeral declines owing to the temporary sink activity. Indeed, the costs and benefits of stem parenchyma abundance in trees are not well-understood \[[@B24-plants-09-00517]\]. In source--sink studies, the most direct approach for determining the fate of NSCs includes carbon pulse-chase labelling methods, but to our knowledge, these methods have never been applied to a cycad taxa. Despite the indirect nature of our study, the outcomes confirm that starch and sucrose were the primary constituents of the *C. micronesica* stem NSCs, and both of these NSCs declined during the ephemeral rapid expansion of leaves or male cones. Moreover, the initial concentrations were similar among the radial tissue categories and became even more similar following the sink activity.
The various outcomes from these manipulative studies enabled two further interpretations. First, cone size and leaf number per flush were not influenced by retention or removal of pre-existing leaves, providing indirect evidence that these traits were either fixed prior to organ emergence or that the labile stem resources alone determined the outcomes. Second, leaf length was reduced by removal of all pre-existing leaves, providing indirect evidence that concomitant contributions of leaf photosynthates from pre-existing leaves were required for newly added leaves to reach maximum size.
This case study builds on our earlier work within the developing sub-discipline of conservation physiology. For example, manual removal of male cones or consumption of male cone tissue by herbivores hastened subsequent leaf and cone production for *C. micronesica* trees \[[@B25-plants-09-00517]\]. The level of exposure to abiotic stressors between two habitats influenced reproductive effort of female *C. micronesica* trees \[[@B26-plants-09-00517]\]. These observations further support the assertions that the ephemeral bursts of organ expansion in this cycad species may be mediated by a resource trade-off in optimal-allocation models \[[@B27-plants-09-00517]\]. The cumulative knowledge about stem NSCs also conforms to our resource depletion model concerning the means by which *A. yasumatsui* infestations cause mortality of *Cycas* plants \[[@B8-plants-09-00517]\]. For healthy plants, reductions in stem NSCs during leaf construction are transient and the long period of apparent quiescence that follows every leaf flush characterizes a period of time during which the newly added leaves can pay the stem tissues back for their construction costs. However, during lethal *A. yasumatsui* infestations, the newly added leaves are damaged and killed before they have an opportunity to pay back those construction costs. Following repetitive leaf flush events, a plant reaches the point of no return as stem NSCs steadily decline over time under the *A. yasumatsui* pressures.
4.2. Traditional Knowledge {#sec4dot2-plants-09-00517}
--------------------------
Our findings offer new insights to concepts that are woven into the traditional knowledge of many ethnic groups. Starch that is harvested from cycad organs has long been used for food or alcoholic beverages \[[@B1-plants-09-00517]\]. While seeds have been the primary source of cycad starch, harvesting of stems for human consumption has been reported for *Bowenia* Hook., *Cycas*, *Dioon* Lindl., *Encephalartos* Lehm., *Macrozamia* Miq., and *Zamia* L. species \[[@B28-plants-09-00517],[@B29-plants-09-00517],[@B30-plants-09-00517],[@B31-plants-09-00517]\]. The traditional knowledge that supports the harvest and preparation protocols for cycad stem starch indicates that male stems yield more starch than female stems, that more than one year may be required for a female stem to recover starch levels following the initiation of a megastrobilus, that starch yields vary among localities of the same species, and that the best time for harvesting a stem for starch extraction is immediately prior to a leaf flush \[[@B19-plants-09-00517]\]. The behaviors of cycad stem starch provide an ideal example of the value of traditional knowledge for steering modern research agendas. For example, the contributions of stem NSCs to female strobili growth remain to be studied with alternative methods.
4.3. Future Directions {#sec4dot3-plants-09-00517}
----------------------
The differences between male cone construction and new leaf flush construction deserve further study, and several issues may be valuable for pursuing these efforts. First, the justification for predicting a greater cost of male cone growth was not just a presumed greater level of dry matter production for the cones, but was also because leaf expansion is supported by photosynthetic activity of the expanding leaves and, therefore, construction costs may be less dependent on stored stem resources than expanding cones. Although the timing of the sink--source transition is not known for construction of leaves for any *Cycas* species, there is no doubt that photosynthetic contributions begin as the circinate emerging leaflets ([Figure 1](#plants-09-00517-f001){ref-type="fig"}c) begin to unfold. Although the sporophyll surfaces of *C. micronesica* male cones are not green, there may be cryptic chlorophyll and photosynthetic activity that has not been verified to date. More gas exchange studies are needed to increase our understanding of photosynthesis and respiration traits of cycad stems, leaves, and reproductive structures. Second, the greater decline in stem NSCs following leaf construction compared with following cone construction may have been a function of the relative duration of the ephemeral sink activity. The entire leaf expansion process for *C. micronesica* culminates in about one month, yet the male cone expansion is distributed over about two months \[[@B10-plants-09-00517]\]. This doubling of the duration of sink activity for cone construction may reduce the daily sink demands such that whole-plant labile resources can be mobilized and accessed by the plant to adequately support daily growth. The greater daily sink demands that support leaf construction may rely more heavily on stem resources within the stem tissues close to the apex. More studies are needed to determine the NSC relations of root and basal stem tissues in response to ephemeral sink demands. Third, thermogenic activity is a crucial component of male cone behavior for this and other cycad species \[[@B13-plants-09-00517],[@B14-plants-09-00517]\], and this thermogenesis would require non-structural resources that would not be required by leaf construction. The substrate source for cone construction costs may not be the same as the source for cone thermogenesis costs. Manipulative studies may be able to tease apart the NSC relations that support cone construction versus cone thermogenesis.
We thank Dallas Johnson for statistical analysis and Nirmala Dongol for field support.
Conceptualization, T.E.M.; formal analysis, T.E.M.; investigation, T.E.M. and G.N.C.; resources, T.E.M.; data curation, T.E.M.; writing---original draft preparation, T.E.M.; writing---review and editing, G.N.C.; supervision, T.E.M.; project administration, T.E.M.; funding acquisition, T.E.M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
This research was funded by United States Forest Service grant numbers 09-DG-11052021-173 and 13-DG-11052021-210. The APC was funded by the Western Pacific Tropical Research Center.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
{#plants-09-00517-f001}
{#plants-09-00517-f002}
{#plants-09-00517-f003}
{#plants-09-00517-f004}
{#plants-09-00517-f005}
plants-09-00517-t001_Table 1
######
Experimental details for studying stem carbohydrate relations of *Cycas micronesica* trees. during male cone or leaf growth. Mean ± standard error, n = 6.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Variable Cone Flush\ Cone Flush\ Leaf Flush\ Leaf Flush\
Defoliated Control Defoliated Control
------------------------ ------------- ------------- ------------- -------------
Stem height (m) 2.29 ± 0.03 2.33 ± 0.04 2.38 ± 0.04 2.42 ± 0.02
Base diameter (cm) 25.8 ± 1.6 25.1 ± 1.5 25.9 ± 1.6 26.2 ± 1.3
Pith diameter (cm) 5.0 ± 0.5 5.2 ± 0.4 5.3 ± 0.3 5.2 ± 0.4
Vascular diameter (cm) 2.0 ± 0.2 2.1 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.1 2.1 ± 0.2
Cortex diameter (cm) 3.1 ± 0.3 3.2 ± 0.2 3.2 ± 0.2 3.1 ± 0.1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '5d746508ed792eae9147d08308818d461d99301c9b38a9b018f5adb1dbcbec5e'} |
Mike Vetter, Who Builds "Extraterrestrial" Vehicles, Sells Florida's Strangest Car
Categories: Environment
On a cool November night, just days before Thanksgiving, a spaceship landed on the corner of Collins Avenue and 16th Street.
In an instant, traditional gawker fodder cruising through the streets of South Beach -- the Lamborghinis,Bentleys, Bugattis -- were made irrelevant by comparison.
In terms of strangeness and complexity, no car on the Beach can trump Mike Vetter's ride. Only one word, he says, can in fact convey its full sweep: "extraterrestrial."
Vetter, a taciturn dude with a tight smile and a crewcut, looked at the passersby scrambling to photograph him, and gripped the wheel. Lights exploded beneath the bullet-shaped frame, and bug-eyed lights on its back came alive. If David Bowie were
a car, he would be this one.
At first, almost a decade ago, this very obscure genus of vehicle existed only in Vetter's mind. Growing up in Naples, Italy, he scrutinized every passing Ferrari. They entranced him. But as years gave way to decades and he landed in the small town of Sebastian three hours north of Miami, everyday sports cars began to bore him.
So Vetter, who speaks with the monotone cadence of an engineer, began to convey an exoticism in his work that contrasts with his demeanor. One of his first ideas was wings. So he jerry-rigged a pair of them to a muscle car, and flew it down the road.
"I started making cars fancier and fancier and higher quality," the 41-year-old explains. Then, a decade ago, he fashioned the prototype of a vehicle equal parts spaceship and sports car, and stood back in awe of his creation. Its frame hung over the wheels, and the doors flipped open like a squawking duck's wings. Vetter was in love.
Who wouldn't be? Check it:
"When I take it down to South Beach, it outshines every car out there," Vetter says. "It gets people upset when they see that this car is so much fancier than every one of them. It gets people taking pictures day and night."
In the past decade, he has fashioned eight of the crafts -- and sold each for $100,000, he says. In early September, after he completed this last one, Vetter slapped an advertisement on eBay, replete with shots of the car idling next to rust-choked airplanes against a charcoal sky.
Melodramatic? A tad.
But it got the car noticed. Now, just days after an "exotic-car driver in New Jersey," whom Vetter declined to identify, bought it for a 100 grand, he is already plotting his next spacecraft for the streets of South Florida.
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how would I contact this guy if I wanted his product?
um where do you buy parts for these things?
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I don't know exactly know how retagging works (if it's a manual process or if there's a specific feature for that) but shouldn't the source tag (the one that's being replaced) be disallowed?
I guess that if you retag you don't want people using that tag anymore.
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Also see: meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/19018/… – Troggy Nov 23 '09 at 21:00
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up vote -2 down vote accepted
There's already a barrier to creating new tags: you need 250 reputation.
So after a retag request for mssql, it will take a while before the tag rears its ugly head.
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I don't think he's talking about that kind of retagging; I think he's talking about moderator mass retagging. – John Rudy Nov 23 '09 at 21:34
So am I, after you mass retag, the old tag will have 0 questions, and it takes 250 rep to recreate it – Andomar Nov 23 '09 at 22:58
the tag is not deleted, it exists even though it belongs to 0 questions – jmfsg Dec 18 '09 at 21:01
@Juan Manual: One day after a mssql cleanup, the badge will be gone. I guess it's some background process that runs at least once a day – Andomar Dec 19 '09 at 11:15
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged . | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9158145189285278}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42941', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XQXJDC3IS32VO46TOLOPTCC2ERIE2DMM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a207d3ae-b13c-4a95-99a9-e7bfbfa4ad4a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.206.16', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AJJZVWVH6KZSQ7TASVZSMUGRZBNDRKA2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2b8536f6-6199-44e5-a7f0-40202cc0eb7d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/30712/should-retagging-make-the-source-tag-invalid', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f552af15-0554-4530-a24b-035fb6cdd07c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '219', 'url': 'http://meta.stackoverflow.com/questions/30712/should-retagging-make-the-source-tag-invalid', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.501412034034729', 'original_id': '10e16c83a30340f941014d89f0493dd58cdec37cba333644be650461a569f724'} |
The Auditorio de Tenerife Adán Martín is one of the most impressive public modern buildings of the Canary Islands. Its profile is considered as an emblem for the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife and for the whole island.
The auditorium hosts every year a thrilling program of scenic arts, opera, classic and contemporary music. Well located in the city, next to the main highways connecting Santa Cruz de Tenerife with the rest of the island, it is at a short distance from the intermodal transportation hub of the city (bus, taxi and tram services).
Please, find how to get there and other information of interest at: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9034374356269836}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47727', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:XXL2SD4PCWQD2LYELIBR2XBRC55QFHUB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0e47420e-e747-42d3-b80b-f5f32a0a319c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 12, 7, 6, 18, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '82.223.4.147', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LETIRFS4GXLUDPE23JYJRRK2XW2W2Q2M', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3ce0122b-8961-47e7-a5da-78c70418cccc>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://athanatos.museosdetenerife.org/en/congress/headquarters/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:8b03dd3c-25ab-49b8-9cd0-e9abc5f6d901>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '111', 'url': 'http://athanatos.museosdetenerife.org/en/congress/headquarters/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-51\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.15239489078521729', 'original_id': '0da9973bd8b0faa738cac0fb23238540f80210914667f4c9ecabe3f2ffc93dfb'} |
Q: Why doesn't the sync software start when I connect my MOTOACTIV fitness tracker device to my Windows machine via USB?
A: The MOTOACTIV device from Motorola is a fitness tracker and MP3 player. I've seen the sync problem occur on numerous machines, and the cause is always connecting the device via a USB 3 port. Connect to a USB 2 port instead, and everything seems to work fine.
You might enjoy Paul Thurrott's "Taking It on the Road: Traveling with Technology" as well, and the FAQ "Q: What is this option for my USB ports called xHCI and do I need it?" | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.940957009792328}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '7882', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KUZBRY4FRIWHUWRJNH53WBJ74Z2XPHBS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8e8a3d6e-a904-4ba3-8027-7ccd314a2066>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 13, 12, 2, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.208.46.176', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EVMYQ7ZX3UG7F4ZFT4BBEZCEQEPUGB4G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2fd01220-e117-4461-a891-f3d897597b8d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://windowsitpro.com/print/windows-8/motoactiv-fitness-tracker-wont-sync-windows-usb', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:90555b5d-8d94-4a0a-8276-02a5108955fc>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '101', 'url': 'http://windowsitpro.com/print/windows-8/motoactiv-fitness-tracker-wont-sync-windows-usb', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.3038427233695984', 'original_id': 'f154a25d67697360e2779a5b1aded640bd4c3509ebabc054843efb5b71dbebd6'} |
Chlamydia psittaci infection in horses: results of a prevalence survey and experimental challenge.
Nasal and conjunctival swabs were obtained from 300 horses and Chlamydia psittaci was isolated from 15 of them (5 per cent). Eleven nasal swabs and six conjunctival swabs were positive on culture, but there was no association between the isolation of the organism and the presence of clinical ocular or respiratory disease. Six ponies were challenged with an equine isolate of C psittaci into the eye, nasal cavity or bronchial tree. The organism could be isolated from nasal and conjunctival swabs taken from the ponies for up to 17 days after challenge, but there was no clinical evidence of disease. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '49a354cdfed7000c76eed8def3f54aa0945f27c69a2a4d4c745a437f770e2057'} |
The Christian Left Is Optimistic
Ramon Arias | April 3, 2017
A recent article (March 27, 2017) by Scott Malone, had this heading: “'Religious left' emerging as U.S. political force in Trump era.” The focal point is the increasing interest of what the Christian left has to say and their plans for social action.
Malone quotes Serene Jones president of New York's Union Theological Seminary:
Jones acknowledges that the 2016 presidential election was a shift away from the left’s political dominance and that they are in full panic mode. Not just the Religious left is experiencing the setback but all the progressives /liberals / socialists and communists are also scrambling to retake control and this can best be seen in the mainstream media with all of the nonsense they are projecting as “news” with hope that they can convince the truly uninformed.
You must be aware that the religious left is not a new phenomenon, as Malone accurately comments, and Trump’s presidency has jolted them. Malone continues:
Religious progressive activism has been part of American history…. The latest upwelling of left-leaning religious activism has accompanied the dawn of the Trump presidency.
The inspiration for the religious left for social justice comes from a failed ideological view of life and its social institutions, which was implemented by the Roman Catholic Church for 500 years in Latin America and other nations where they dominate. The very reason for mass migration from Latin countries is mostly to overcome poverty, which is the byproduct of deep corruption that the Roman Catholic Church has never been able to overcome, even though the majority of the population professes that faith, and there lies the root of their problems.
The social problems south of the border, all the way down to the tip of the continent, were not created by Trump’s policies. What the religious left desperately needs is to calibrate their worldview lenses so they can understand and then explain why their socialist perspectives are producing so much misery and devastation in countries like Venezuela and Brazil, just to mention two. If their leftist ideas are the answer to creating the perfect society why are we not seeing positive results? What about Cuba? Do you understand what the Christian left has contributed to their condition? Only government controlled Hollywood millionaire “stars” come back and tell us how wonderful life is in those hellholes after their visits. Certainly the leftist academia elite can teach the wonders of a socialist paradise, all the while ignoring the truth revealed by a history of horrors done to socialist societies and the obvious trails of death and destruction.
The Christian left may be optimistic due to the increased interest of like-minded people. They see an opportunity to increase their political activism using anything and everything including social unrest to arouse further discontent among those who depend on the handouts of a “generous government” that must rob the working class of their honest earnings and who are already greatly overburdened. The mantra of “give us,” “feed us,” “make us happy,” and you can have our vote! These will only get louder.
What every professing Christian of all denominations should know in depth is the value of biblical economic principals that ethically govern the free market. Christians must abandon the false teachings of getting rich quick just by “claiming” God’s financial blessings.
History has already condemned the failure of socialist morality and ethics in all areas of human development; they run opposite to Biblical standards. By the middle of the twentieth-century, the socialistic result was the enslavement of the productive class by promoting its gospel of envy. True freedom can only be achieved by accepting the liberating work of Jesus Christ and then follow His example of obeying God’s Commandments.
Countries are impoverished not due to lack of natural resources, rather, for the lack of biblical knowledge and its application to all areas of life. History is screaming at us to assess the ineffective results of rich countries if we want to help stop the malicious cycles of poverty; the results are always the same, enriching the corrupt elite.
Mere good intentions promote so much evil in the name of God and these must be exposed. Biblical Christians and well-meaning people should have true knowledge about the failures of socialism and the unmatched realities of biblical economics that meet the needs of the hurting masses.
Fact: Socialism can only increase poverty and misery anywhere it is applied. Socialist welfare is slavery for all, with a temporary exception for the elite. When we understand that humanism is a bankrupt worldview for all areas we will be compelled to embrace the full counsel revealed in the Bible once again as the only reliable blueprint for a rebirth of hope, faith, and love in the nations.
The religious left doesn’t have the biblical view of who God is nor the historical role of Christ for the human race or for the purpose of every individual. They refuse to believe that He is the only true source of all perfect law. The optimism of the left is built on quicksand. The good news is that they, and the rest of Christian America, can have the needed understanding once the Bible is accepted as the final authority, and they abandon, once and for all, their defiance toward the Almighty.
The historical time clock is ticking, and we must not think we can cheat our way out with cheap ideologies. Our commitment to sound biblical understanding will give us the needed intellectual capacity to answer all our critics. The Resurrection of Christ should be sufficient to motivate us to engage in reversing the downward trend.
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How to improve your writing skills
Can you communicate your thoughts in writing? Follow these steps to develop your writing skills and increase your employment opportunities.
Writing can be classified as a basic life skill. It is needed in almost every industry or profession and even more so in the social media sphere that is so prevalent today.
In the business world being able to communicate in English is crucial as English is the universal language of commerce. As a result writing in English allows you to access more employment opportunities and do business across the globe.
The good news is that everyone can learn and develop this skill through practice.
In the video “How to improve your English writing skills', there are some practical tips to help you develop your skill.
1. Immerse yourself in the Language
You can do this by speaking and writing. Even if you have not perfected your grasp of the English language having conversations in English can help to improve your understanding. In addition when you write you pay more attention to details like “spelling ,punctuation and sentence structure”.
2. Focus on grammar and punctuation
“...create a daily journal of your activity on a blog format”. This is a great way to improve your knowledge of grammar and sentence construction. “Many people find it very hard to punctuate their writings”. Use software tools for spelling and grammar to check that your work is polished and professional. You will naturally improve your skill as you practice your writing daily.
3. Read newspapers, books or online content
“People who are avid readers develop their writing skills...”. Newspapers especially help you understand how to develop sentences and get your message across. Reading also helps you “discover new words and their definitions.” Make a habit of going to the dictionary if you don't know or understand a word.
“It is better to start young, because the earlier you start the better you will become.” But remember that it is never too late learn something new and develop your skills.
Writing can be intimidating and difficult but for the most part the skill of writing can be learned through practice and exposure.
If you are looking for a formal to training course improve your writing skills, you can find one here.
For more insights watch the full video
Please Add Your Comments Below: | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9431500434875488}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '53972', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2LO6CBSVJVR5DCLOUI2LGV73BWSKV5AS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4661e7f5-f74e-4d36-9dad-eed48fadd192>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 23, 0, 25, 22), 'WARC-IP-Address': '188.40.0.34', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GUNN44DQV2APO7SXL3WKF5TTRWKX7WW5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:fd0290f4-2f3b-4717-a497-4d780d0ba77b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.skillsportal.co.za/content/how-improve-your-writing-skills', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7026e7c7-c8c0-4dbf-9565-b7dd0e9c1ecd>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '386', 'url': 'https://www.skillsportal.co.za/content/how-improve-your-writing-skills', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-167-8-186.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03302276134490967', 'original_id': '2416634b9b70a292e85b2356f7b67dcd0fae385809fa0fbc456a9be3c97874f0'} |
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Free Resources, Copyright and Licenses
At Tek Eye we produce documentation and software. In doing so we often use tools and materials that have been developed by others. Some of those tools and materials are free. Free stuff is great, it reduces your costs and the altruistic people who give it away do not want to be encumbered with chasing payments, they enjoy the creative process itself and want to share and show off their output. Their reward is the goodness that flows from people using and appreciating their creations, and maybe some publicity. Sharing is also infectious, we give back by publishing articles and resources on this website (and OK maybe get a little publicity).
Tools Hammer and Spanner
Grabbing Internet Resources is Easy, But Should They Be Used?
There is so much available on the Internet and it is so easy to move digital resources around that a culture has emerged that assumes everything on the Internet is free, or should be free. Now that would be wonderful if true. However people and companies still need to pay their bills and thus some need rewarding for the time and effort they put into their creations, be it products, services, music, art, writings, film or software. They have the right to sell their work and not give it away. Everyone should respect those rights, it is fundamental to the way economies work, without payment for creations there would be no flow of money which would result in stagnant markets and poverty for many more than at the moment.
Man carrying a bag of money
Copyright Allows Those Who Create to Earn and Make a Living
It is easy enough to grab digital creations from the Internet, even creations that should be purchased are readily available for no payment if you know where to look. However, just because if can be done it does not mean it should be. If you walked into a book store and picked up a book, and walked out without paying you would be committing a crime. If you download an e-book that should be paid for without paying you are doing the same type of crime. This applies to many types of digital creations not just books, as soon as something original is created it becomes protected by law, the law of copyright, and applies to many types of media: books, music, films, television shows, videos, pictures, cartoons, audio recordings, software and writings (such as blogs) in general.
Public Domain Copyright Symbol
Copyright is easy enough to understand, when explained clearly. When you, or someone (person or organisation) creates an original piece of work (for example this article or our logo, Tek Eye the Blue One Eyed Robot) then you or they have the last say on what can be done with the creation. You, or they, have the right to control the production and sale of any copies (hence the term copyright), and the right to maintain ownership of the original. The creator of the work automatically becomes the copyright holder without needing to do anything at all (although in some countries the copyright can be formally registered to help protect the work). At the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) there is a comic that helps explain the benefits of copyright. The copyright lasts for the whole of the creators life plus 50 to 70 years (depending upon the country), or 25 to 120 years from the creation or public performance date for an organisations work (again depending upon the country).
Our Blue One Eyed Robot is called Tek Eye
Can I Use Something I Grabbed from the Internet?
If you want to use something from the Internet you need to know if it is in copyright. It must be assumed that everything on the Internet is in copyright unless you know otherwise. Since by default it is copyright as soon as it is created, then by default you cannot use it, unless it is at least 150 years old. Why 150 years? Well most humans die in their eighties and 70 is a common enough maximum number of years after death that copyright applies. Once the copyright period expires the work becomes Public Domain and is free to use for any purpose.
Controlling Usage Through a License
Whilst everything is under copyright by default there are plenty of resources available that can be used, because people and organisations have given up their copyright on their creations. You can give up your copyright simply by publishing a statement to that effect with the work. Sometimes people want to ensure that the generosity they are showing by allowing the free use of their work is carried on in the future by the people using or modifying the work. If the work is placed into the Public Domain that cannot be done, future users could and do, take Public Domain works and sell them commercially. What is needed is a license, which can be applied to the work by the copyright holder. The license can allow use but with conditions attached, such as no right to sell it, as well as use it but give attribution to the author. In fact there are many types of license available, such as Open Source Licenses for software and Creative Commons Licenses for other works.
Is it Really Free?
If a work is in the Public Domain then yes it is truly free. You can do anything you want with it. Use it, change it, sell it. If it has a license attached that allows free use it may not be truly free (since you may not be able to change it or sell it), but that may not matter, since you might just want to pass on a few copies to friends or use it on a blog. Here at Tek Eye we believe that life should be as simple as possible. In that sense if you do not care about what happens to the work you produce simply place it into the Public Domain so everyone benefits. If you want to ensure that other people do not make money off your work attach a license that forbids it. If you do not want your work to be modified than attach a license that forbids it. Finally if you want to make money out of your work keep your copyright.
Some Sources of Really Free (Public Domain) and Free to Use Resources
Here at Tek Eye we will endeavour to state where we get some of the freebies we use from and proved links to them. Most of the resources we use come from the following sites:
Kudos to anyone that has given away something entirely free of restrictions.
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Free Android Projects and Samples:
Android Examples, Android List Examples, Android UI Examples
Maintain your PC with Piriform:
CCleaner Professional
CCleaner for Mac
Recuva Professional
Defraggler Professional
Speccy Professional
Shop at Tek Eye for PC utilities | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '35', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9460416436195374}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '20473', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ULNTOIV25BEANC5QJQNQJJYTRSXNU7XO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:635d6eeb-d2f4-4272-98ad-f251dadc328c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 3, 18, 19, 22, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '81.27.105.44', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LMCBSCJNCPC3ZQPGEUSPAVK3ETV3WT2T', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d832ddff-c6e8-4f7d-b6f5-9a8490a45b16>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://tekeye.uk/free_resources/free-resources-copyright-licenses', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bcb7df2d-95b8-4d81-add0-05a168dea40f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1206', 'url': 'https://tekeye.uk/free_resources/free-resources-copyright-licenses', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-13\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-92-167.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05148816108703613', 'original_id': '2c9df61e0e0e4f0bf37dc508d3fa5cb14e265c7cba7226cc2b8074e7ceb8a2b7'} |
Q:
Python PLY Yacc "syntax error"
Okay, so I'm trying to build a parser of my mini-language (obviously), and setting variables seems to be properly working. But as soon as Yacc comes across a function definition, it just gives me a syntax error, and a couple of EOF errors (which I know are from when Yacc has no remaining rules to set) and nothing else happens... Where did I go wrong?
Here's an example of the syntax I'm parsing:
$name = "John Doe"
$age = 72
$waterInOceans = 95.4
!testFunction {
}
Where the !testFunction { } section is defining a function (based off of the exclamation point). I don't know if that's going to be useful in debugging.
# The Lexer
import ply.lex as lex
tokens = ["MINUS", "SEPARATOR", "MODIFIER", "FUNCTION_NAME", "UNDEF_BLOCK", "VARIABLE_NAME", "EQUALS", "STRING", "FLOAT", "INNER_CONTENT", "ARGUMENTS", "INTEGER", "PLUS"]
def t_ARGUMENTS(t): # Finds arguments in calls and function definitions
r'\(.*\)'
t.value = t.value[1:-1] # strip parenthesis
t.value = t.value.split(" && ")
return t
def t_STRING(t): # finds strings
r'"\w.+"'
t.value = t.value[1:-1] # strips the quotation marks of the string
return t
def t_FLOAT(t): # finds floats
r'\d+.\d+'
t.value = float(t.value)
return t
def t_INTEGER(t):
r'\d+'
t.value = int(t.value)
return t
def t_VARIABLE_NAME(t):
r'\$\w*\b'
t.value = t.value[1:]
return t
def t_INNER_CONTENT(t):
r'\{\n.*\n\}|\{.*\}'
t.value = t.value[1:-1]
return t
def t_FUNCTION_NAME(t):
r'!\w+'
t.value = t.value[1:]
return t
t_ignore = r"\n|\t|\r"
t_EQUALS = r"\="
t_PLUS = r"\+"
t_MINUS = r"-"
t_MODIFIER = r"\."
t_SEPARATOR = r"\,"
t_UNDEF_BLOCK = r"\w+" # Any block of text that is left over and isn't assigned by the end (used by functions)
def t_error(t):
t.lexer.skip(1)
lex.lex()
#opened = open("example.zeq", "r")
#content = opened.read()
#opened.close()
#lex.input(content)
And then the Yacc half:
# The Yacc parser
import ply.yacc as yacc
import compiler # Get the compiler (tokenizer; compiler.py) which generates tokens
import sys
from os import system
##############
### IGNORE ###
tokens = compiler.tokens
#system("clear")
print("Executing "+sys.argv[1]+" |\n"+("-"*(len(sys.argv[1])+12)))
### IGNORE ###
##############
VARIABLES = {}
FUNCTIONS = {}
def p_assign(p): # Set new variable
'''assignment : VARIABLE_NAME EQUALS compound
| VARIABLE_NAME EQUALS STRING
| VARIABLE_NAME EQUALS INTEGER
| VARIABLE_NAME EQUALS FLOAT'''
#print("Setting '{}' to '{}'...".format(str(p[1]), str(p[3])))
VARIABLES[p[1]] = p[3]
def p_number(p): # Combines floats and integers into a blanket non-terminal for simplicity sakes
'''number : FLOAT
| INTEGER'''
p[0] = p[1]
def p_compound(p): # Complete the value *before* the variable is assigned!
'''compound : number PLUS number
| number MINUS number'''
type1 = type(p[1])
type2 = type(p[3])
operator = p[2]
if operator == "+":
p[0] = p[1] + p[3]
elif operator == "-":
p[0] = p[1] - p[3]
def p_undefined(p):
'''undefined : UNDEF_BLOCK'''
print("Undefined block")
def p_function(p):
'''function : FUNCTION_NAME INNER_CONTENT'''
print("Creating a function")
name = p[1]
content = p[2]
FUNCTIONS[name] = content
def p_empty(p):
'''empty : '''
#~ def p_error(p):
#~ if p:
#~ print("Syntax error: "+p.type)
#~ else:
#~ pass
parser = yacc.yacc()
opened = open(sys.argv[1], "r")
content = opened.read()
opened.close()
for line in content.splitlines():
parser.parse(line)
print(VARIABLES)
print(FUNCTIONS)
I'm waiting for it to be a simple overlooked detail...
A:
When you ask Ply (or yacc, for that matter) to parse an input, it attempts to recognize a single instance of the top-level non-terminal (or "starting symbol"). This will usually a grammatical description of the entire input, so it will often have a name like program, although there are use cases in which it is useful to parse just a part of the input.
Ply (and yacc) assume that the first grammar production is for the starting symbol. In your case, the first production is assignment, and so that is what it will try to parse (and nothing else). assignment cannot derive a function definition or any other statement type, so those cause syntax errors.
If you want to explicitly tell Ply what the top-level symbol is, you can do so. See the manual section on starting symbols.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e75ade1514ad711492b090cc0be2df2a095e170c38c78071d6423b299a41d377'} |
Why Healthy Singles Need Health Insurance
As a single and healthy adult, you may figure that health insurance isn't a necessity. After all, you don't have any pressing or chronic medical needs, and insurance is just another expense that will stretch your already thin budget. What you don't realize is that you actually have several really good reasons to purchase health insurance today.
1. Avoid a Penalty
With the Affordable Care Act in effect, anyone who doesn't purchase health insurance in 2015 will owe a penalty of $325 or two percent of your income. Avoid the penalty by enrolling in your parents' insurance if you're under 26. Otherwise, enroll in your employer-sponsored healthcare plan or apply for an affordable policy through the Healthcare Marketplace or a private insurer and avoid the penalty.
2. Cover Preventative Care
Maybe you only think about doctors when you're sick, but they're also important for preventative care. During regular checkups, they can catch the beginnings of heart disease, diabetes or other medical conditions, so put your health insurance to work as you prioritize preventative care.
3. Build a Relationship With a Healthcare Team
What happens if you get pregnant, develop arthritis or suffer from severe headaches? You'll want a trusted medical team that knows you and your physical health history by your side. Use health insurance to make regular visits to a physician and build a relationship that will benefit you down the road.
4. Enjoy an Active Lifestyle
Do you avoid skiing, traveling or another fun activity because you're afraid you might get hurt and won't be able to afford the medical treatment? Purchase health insurance. While it doesn't give you a license to be reckless, it does help you enjoy life without worrying that an injury will wipe out your savings and land you in the poor house.
5. Maintain a Healthy Reproductive System
Even though you don't have a family now, you may want one in the future. Go to the doctor for regular checkups and reproductive health advice. Address reproductive problems now and maintain your reproductive health as you look forward to the future.
Health insurance can be expensive and it might seem like a waste of money or a budgetary strain, but it's a wise investment. Talk to an insurance agent today about which policy is right for your needs and budget. Then use health insurance to take care of yourself today and prepare for a healthy tomorrow.
Need insurance for You, Your Family or Your Business?
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Further Reading
Although most Americans with Health insurance are covered under an employer's plan, there are still many employers that don't have Health insurance offerings. Workers of companies not offering insurance are left to find and purchase their own private...
Life insurance provides financial resources for your dependents after you pass away, and it gives you peace of mind. You may need to undergo a medical exam, though, to determine your eligibility for a life insurance policy and your premium cost. Even...
Your health insurance costs may increase by as much as 30 percent this year, according to industry experts. Even if your employer pays a significant portion of this expense, you may also be required to pay more because of several factors. Me... | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '76', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9599542617797852}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '75195', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:R3NKLL42YJKF4NUDXMZD3CYVB52PLUZN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3a86142d-50cd-4a4d-b35a-035b77133e4e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 21, 23, 54, 35), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.22.38.66', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:77BY43PSONV4RJUBAFM2ZQKL7NNOV7TC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:52bc1316-b4ca-4b19-8947-3293d96760ed>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://completemarkets.com/consumer/articles/Why-Healthy-Singles-Need-Health-Insurance/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:47776e5d-d402-4ec1-bce3-7e7b7e25881c>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '639', 'url': 'https://completemarkets.com/consumer/articles/Why-Healthy-Singles-Need-Health-Insurance/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.1222066879272461', 'original_id': '5937656a41a75d2fcacd5f4a496c933b6adc1e9996664f8a9aacd174751ef8e1'} |
Volunteers send elderly food amid pandemic
Mark Andersen spends his weekends driving around Washington popping by homes as the sole visitor some senior citizens will see during the coronavirus pandemic. (March 26)
Website: https://apnews.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/AP
Facebook: https://facebook.com/APNews
Google+: https://plus.google.com/115892241801867723374
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/APNews/
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Web Services: booking hotel room and flights
1. The user has been presented with options for hotels to go to his/her destination and a means of payment.
2. The user chooses a hotel option.
3. The travel agent service contacts a payment service for payment authorization.
4. The service books the hotel and confirms the flight, using the payment authorization from the payment service (i.e. a credit card company).
booking hotel room and flights | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9133883118629456}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3126', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WFSNC556Y7ULKHENI3HOFILGAMU6Q5BP', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:289ce072-575a-47c5-a1d5-31c64a5a0d77>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 7, 58, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '217.77.80.88', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HRYBDC4OX5VVF7I5UQVM6EO2Q3RKLVFD', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:048ff5bd-2852-4bb6-81a8-bf67db044fc9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.w3c.it/talks/ictp2004/slide61-0.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:aaaf788c-0f53-4308-bc8b-dd539d91e427>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '73', 'url': 'http://www.w3c.it/talks/ictp2004/slide61-0.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-232-145-162.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5000988245010376', 'original_id': 'ae5c061ce208fb5d26e6594be76df7d42f04d2ea8caa9a8a2b5f4036489e70d7'} |
\section{Period of Reciprocal of 53 is of Quarter Maximal Length}
Tags: 53, Reciprocals, Examples of Reciprocals
\begin{theorem}
The decimal expansion of the reciprocal of $53$ has $\dfrac 1 4$ the maximum period, that is: $13$:
:$\dfrac 1 {53} = 0 \cdotp \dot 01886 \, 79245 \, 28 \dot 3$
{{OEIS|A007450}}
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Performing the calculation using long division:
<pre>
0.018867924528301...
---------------------
53)1.000000000000000000
53 212
-- ---
470 280
424 265
--- ---
460 150
424 106
--- ---
360 440
318 424
--- ---
420 160
371 159
--- ---
490 100
477 53
--- ---
130 ...
106
---
240
212
---
</pre>
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': 'e44e9bffc9e2ecf915b6e72dcfcf65fc4382f2c98bfe4a5f886761e792e0011e'} |
Qualities of A Qualified Building Architect You Should Look For
The expertise that an architect lend to a project is crucial. Without their skills and experience, no building and structure would be erected. And there is one, it would be poorly designed and inconsistent.
But more than the skills, it is a must that an architect possess the right attitude and qualities to be able to lead and finish a project. If you are in the process narrowing down architecture companies in Dubai, their team of architects should possess the following characteristics
1. Innovative
Building and structure construction is a fast-changing industry. Everyday, new trends emerge, especially in architecture. Given this predicament, an architect should be innovative enough to
Produce building designs that can address the needs of the client and the people who will use the space. They should be able to use and make do of resources available – from the technology to the concepts – to be able to create a stunning building design that would meet the requirements of the clients.
1. Solution-oriented
Architects are not only creators but also problem-solvers. They should be able to see the big picture and see it in a microscopic level at the same time. That way, they should be able to root cause of the problem and made design adjustments to resolve the issues. They should be able tp provide quick solutions to the problem at hand.
1. Excellent leader
Architects do not always work alone. Most of the time, they are in-charge of a team of builders to execute their designs. Experts in construction management in Dubai said that architects should be able to lead a team of professionals to ensure that their project will be done on time and on budget. They should have the ability to take in-charge and be responsibility for whatever reason his/her team would produce, whether it is good or bad.
1. Collaborative
As mentioned, architects are not the only one who are responsible for building construction. They would have to work with a bunch of professionals to able to construct a well-design structure. With that, they should know how to collaborate, compromise, make design adjustments if necessary.
1. Outstanding communicator
Architects are natural communicator. They are tasked to communicate their ideas, not just with their superiors, but to their team members and colleagues as well. Hence, they should clearly relay the message so all parties would be align to what he is trying to say or explain. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9640567898750304}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '21185', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:3NTCPC3HBH5SJPUB5Z7HYS55NEIIQB7U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:766d0f0f-70a6-419c-96fb-10e2edda2f6e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 21, 35, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.117.29.200', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XKN46M2PHTWKNV3UG7TZVHS32MNJUKGS', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7231cafc-3732-46d4-b21e-2577d263102b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://bigmusblog.com/general/qualities-of-a-qualified-building-architect-you-should-look-for/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d72478d-2d67-4a14-8a20-dc7d73de9e3b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '414', 'url': 'http://bigmusblog.com/general/qualities-of-a-qualified-building-architect-you-should-look-for/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-198-92.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13581550121307373', 'original_id': '70b548e578a29a8951d944847c06d13d60110ab57f82622bab8e2fe6482e729c'} |
Books and Audio Files
SWARIKA series explores various raags for self learning through notations and audio guide files. All SWARIKA books are now also available on Please use the links below to order your copy of the useful handbook for Hindustani Classical Music today!!!
Swarika - Series for Hindustani Classical examination with Akhil Bhartiya Gandharva Mahavidyala Mandal Syllabus (2006 and 2016 onwards)
Swarika - I - For beginners taking Prarambhik and Praveshika Pratham examination. The book includes the following Raags:
1. Bhupali
2. Kafi
3. Bhimpalasi
4. Bageshri
5. Khamaj
6. Desh
7. Durga
8. Yaman
Swarika II - For students taking Praveshika Purna examination. The book includes comprehensive material on the following Raags including notations for Khayal and other compositions in each Raag:
1. Alhaiya Bilawal
2. Asavari
3. Bhairav
4. Bhairavi
5. Bihag
6. Bhupali
7. Kedar
8. Tilak Kamod
9. Vrindavan Sarang
10. Yaman
Swarika - III - An advanced guide to Hindustani Classical music for students taking Madhyama Pratham examination with ABGMVM, with notations in the following Raags:
1. Bhupali
2. Bihag
3. Bageshri
4. Deshkar
5. Hameer
6. Jounpuri
7. Kalingda
8. Malkauns
9. Patdeep
10. Tilang
11. Yaman
Swarika - IV - A complete handbook for advanced students pursuing Madhyama level. This book outlines the entire course work, theory and practical based on latest ABGMVM syllabus. It covers details vilambit and drut khayals for the following raags in bhatkhande notation format. Along with compositions in the raags vilambit khayal, drut khayal, tarana, dhruvpad and dhamars, it also includes 2 bhajans, folk song and patriotic song. The book comes with workbook style sheets for writing aalaps and taans for each composition. It includes the following Detailed Raags(1-6) and non-detail Raags(7 - 12):
1. Bhimpalasi
2. Bhairav
3. Jounpuri
4. Malkauns
5. Kedar
6. Vrindavan Sarang
7. Chayanat
8. Goud Sarang
9. Jaijaivanti
10. Kamod
11. Puriya Dhanashree
12. Shankara
A book of bhajans for those enthusiasts who want to sing or play devotional songs. All bhajans come with notations for easy understanding and learning.
Audio Files
SWARIKA SERIES - For Hindustani Classical (2016 onwards ABGMVM Syllabus)
SWARIKA SERIES - For 2013 ABGMVM Syllabus (valid 2013 - 2016)
All Copyrights reserved by SWAR Music School | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7919774651527405}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '67812', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:PEDZPFUGXVZV5VSZHDE5AYZM7WD5DE3K', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:99292bf7-1ff7-4ca2-93b0-129e80c290a0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 5, 17, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.78', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WFLPEGM3M6CBGYYLOHHI7V2GHWO7YUFZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:aeaf72cc-a67f-4577-b6bb-b32a430981b3>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://sites.google.com/view/swarmusicschoolprinceton/books-and-audio-files', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3b966bea-6070-4c9d-95ca-ef716f9f2895>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '363', 'url': 'https://sites.google.com/view/swarmusicschoolprinceton/books-and-audio-files', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-65-126-152.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9233603477478027', 'original_id': '4eb5af957029d1e23f79a141ea01c47dc8770b2c69255ae7fae355deb5e1afdb'} |
On April 1, 2020, the Prime Minister held the 25th meeting of the Novel Coronavirus Response Headquarters at the Prime Minister’s Office.
At the meeting, a discussion was held on the response to the novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19). Following the discussion, the Prime Minister said,
“Today, the Expert Meeting on the Novel Coronavirus Disease Control convened and provided an analysis of the current situation of infections across the country.
Regarding the current infection situation in Japan, it was assessed that, the number of new patients in Japan is increasing, particularly in urban areas and, while the speed of the spread in Japan is relatively slow compared to other countries experiencing an explosive spread of infections, so called an overshoot, medical systems in some areas are being stretched.
The experts proposed to divide areas of infection into three categories, depending on the state of spread of infections; outbreak warning areas; outbreak monitoring areas; and non-outbreak areas. The experts provided the concepts of respective areal categories. Its proposal also includes possible responses taken by respective local governments.
On that basis, the experts pointed out the necessity of modification of citizens’ behaviors. As they suggested that citizens should refrain from going to visit downtown districts during night time, including to bars, night clubs, karaoke venues, and live music clubs, we ask the citizens once again cooperation in prevention of the spread of infection such as making sure to avoid 3Cs (closed spaces with poor ventilation, crowded places with many people nearby, close-contact setting such as close-range conversations).
Based on this advice, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) has announced new guidelines for the reopening of schools for the coming semester. I ask that the Ministry thoroughly inform of these guidelines and provide the necessary support so as to facilitate smooth responses by local communities and schools, according to their respective aforementioned categories.
In addition, for schools that have temporarily closed in accordance with these guidelines, the government will continue to provide firm support, including aid for parents who are forced to take leave and support for local initiatives in response to the situations faced by communities, such as after-school club activities and the use of classrooms at school.
Moreover, we have decided to further strengthen border controls, in light of the explosive spread of infections seen in countries overseas, primarily in Europe and the United States.
For the 49 countries and regions for which we raised the Travel Advice and Warning on Infectious Diseases to Level 3 yesterday, we decided to add all parts of them to the areas from which we will deny entry in accordance with the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act. This will be effective as of 0:00 a.m., April 3. This will bring the total number of countries and regions from which we will deny entry to 73. We will continue to ensure that PCR screenings are conducted, at the airport, for all Japanese and other nationals, returning to Japan from these areas.
As of yesterday, the Travel Advice and Warning on Infectious Diseases is level 2 or above worldwide, and, along with visa restrictions, we will request individuals, including Japanese nationals, entering Japan from anywhere in the world to stay for 14 days at a place designated by the Quarantine Station Chief, and refrain from using public transportation.
In addition, as quarantine is tightened, many returnees will be required to receive screenings at the airports. We ask not only to secure adequate waiting spaces at airports but also reduce the number of arriving air flight passengers from overseas.
These measure will also enter into effect from 0:00 a.m., April 3, until the end of April, for the time being.
With regard to facial masks, the government has implemented measures, such as support for investment in production equipment. As the electronics manufacturer Sharp beginning production of masks among others, we secured the supply of over 600 million per month last month, exceeding regular demand. This month, we will support further increases in production and expect to secure a monthly supply of over 700 million masks.
Meanwhile, with the sudden surge in demand due to the novel coronavirus disease, there have been shortages of masks in stores, causing great inconvenience for the public.
Last month, we distributed 15 million surgical masks to medical institutions across the country. Next week, we plan to provide an additional 15 million.
Furthermore, we will secure cloth face masks and steadily provide the necessary amounts to care facilities for the elderly, care centers for people with disabilities, and elementary and junior high schools nationwide.
These cloth masks, like the one I am wearing today, are not disposable, and can be washed in detergent and reused, making them extremely effective for meeting the sudden surge in demand for masks.
By the end of next month, we expect to secure a further 100 million masks. Therefore, We therefore intend to include the purchase of these cloth masks in the emergency economic measures to be decided next week. We will distribute them to all of the over 50 million households across the countries, sending two per address, using the Japan Post’s all-address delivery system. Even if it is before the supplementary budget is passed, we will use contingency funds and other means and begin distributing these masks from the week after next, starting with those prefectures with the highest number of patients.
In each household, the number may not be sufficient and there will be the inconvenience of washing these masks. In light of continuing shortages of facial masks, we will advance these efforts swiftly so as to address concerns among the citizens.
The government will continue to exert every effort and implement all possible measures to protect the health and lives of the people, and we ask for the cooperation of the citizens.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '54eecaac5f9025576c00a3d00152e47db9e3bf21f293e87fd26c2b01229ce1cc'} |
SurveyMonkey lets you create and publish online surveys, quizzes, and audience polls to gather quality responses across all industry-domains. It has tons of pre-structured templates empowered with analytics which can be tweaked as per business requirements and can be shared via web links, emails, mobiles, chats, social media, etc. Thus, capturing customer responses made easier. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8841801285743713}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '40968', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AJUOQ65KC6TDISARD63R45L5ODJOII65', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a80d7815-1d3d-4945-b5fc-5691f8afcdb8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 3, 8, 21, 53, 48), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.85.149.60', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RXQWSO7WZQDVCTD5LDEQFCDXSWOXJ423', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c9e85a7-0afb-4421-bbdd-a04d4cdf6d78>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://quickwork.co/apps/survey_monkey/integrations', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:113b5164-79c5-458e-aa68-04b6540d4e3a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '56', 'url': 'https://quickwork.co/apps/survey_monkey/integrations', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-10\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February/March 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-128.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.056558072566986084', 'original_id': '5d7430c01cff4e476b1e925a5ed579aa451877b83146c813411f0bdf7fa8f648'} |
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When looking at a wall, how can I tell if I can safely remove it?
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possible duplicate of Methods to determine if a wall is load bearing – Jan Fabry Jul 22 '10 at 10:26
it's not just loading bearing, but also the wall may be a fire check wall, or have cables in it, etc. Does anyone have a checklist they can post as the answer? – Walker Jul 22 '10 at 11:12
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1 Answer
up vote 10 down vote accepted
• Check if the wall is load-bearing
• See that link for how to do this.
• Try to see if there are are any high-voltage lines in the wall
• Look for light switches, receptacles, lights, hard-wired smoke detector
• In some cases, a wire may run though the wall, but not be visible. This is very hard to determine, and takes sleuth work (look for wires entering the wall from floors above/below, and consider based on locations of other electrical if it's likely this wall is used to run wires). There are voltage detectors that MAY be able to detect the lines, but not guaranteed (though if they indicate, you know there's a line there for sure).
• Check for low-voltage lines as well (cable, phone, internet, doorbell, HVAC, speakers).
• These are probably even harder to find than high-voltage lines unless there is something on the wall that gives it away. Accidentally cutting one of these is a pain, but not nearly as dangerous or life-threatening as a high-voltage line.
• Check for plumbing
• This can include hot/cold water, waste lines and vent lines.
• Waste plumbing works on gravity, and so it will usually take the shortest route. Find bathrooms/sinks and the main waste lines in the house, and see if this wall falls between them.
• Supply plumbing is hard to detect unless there is a fixture on the wall. Requires some sleuth work.
• Check for air ducts
• Relatively easy to determine: if there is a vent on the wall or you can see duct work connecting to it (cavities inside walls are often used as vertical ducts)
• Can be a bit harder to find if it's used as a riser to connect horizontal runs between two floors. If it's above/below the main duct run then it's possible.
• If you remove a wall without re-running vents, you may be cutting off the supply or return to an area of your house, which can reduce air quality and comfort.
• Central vac pipes
• Generally the rule is to try and avoid as many turns as possible, and avoid going up towards the vacuum. Same idea as finding waste lines: find the vacuum and the wall ports, and if this wall is in the most direct path between them it's likely to have lines. You may also be able to hear them, especially if you put your ear against the wall and have someone suck up a small pebble or something noisy (but that won't damage the vacuum).
• Gas lines
• Pretty unlikely to find gas running through the middle of a wall (especially one you're considering tearing out) but it's still a possibility.
• Again, if the wall is the most direct route between the gas source, and the appliance (consider: water heaters, furnace, oven, BBQ), it's possible
• In a commercial structure, the wall may be a fire wall (there will be doors on auto-closers separating this area from all others if this is the case - though check with your local fire department or building inspector).
Of course, even if you are fairly confident there is nothing in the wall, don't just pull out the sawzall and tear through it - put some holes in it first to visually inspect for anything you might have missed. Most people will take all the drywall off at least one side before touching studs, as it gives that total check that everything is good to go.
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Own this one of a kind Bill Russell Slam 11X Champion Bobble head doll made by Forever collectibles. Arguably the greatest champion in NBA history this is a must own. Each bobble is individually hand numbered out of only 1,000 pieces. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '1d15559693b5d46cd52dad3a54d26399ca8e36833b8bb7486169ce69f8270cac'} |
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20080209655Golf Ball Cleaner - The present invention relates to a portable golf ball cleaner to wipe off dirt attached to a surface of a golf ball during playing of golf. The golf ball cleaner comprises a cleaner body including a concave portion having a curved surface, a wipe-off part formed on an inner wall surface of the concave portion, and a lid to open and close the concave portion of the cleaner body. Because the golf ball cleaner can be easily carried by a golf player, by putting it in a pocket or hanging it from the waist, and the player is capable of rotating the golf ball in the concave portion having the curved surface while securely holding the golf ball by hand, the dirt attached to the surface of the golf ball can be thoroughly wiped off by the wipe-off part.09-04-2008 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8887526988983154}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '4226', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HSY2GZVQYNJY3J6L2WQYXQ3HSL5HXWPA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:b3c1e611-d190-432f-968c-4092109ca6d7>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2013, 12, 20, 10, 47, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.193.27.192', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZDD4KLUYSLSOSFBPPHUCFPJKHHVXH5CO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b98d8dc4-000d-4076-8491-98ccda436a20>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.faqs.org/patents/assignee/tatsuzawa-kasei-corporation/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:53ed1857-e323-4667-82be-4d32c09437d1>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '166', 'url': 'http://www.faqs.org/patents/assignee/tatsuzawa-kasei-corporation/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2013-48\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for Winter 2013\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.05798393487930298', 'original_id': 'd2367833dcea2257a929f0f337598cba91d73311ca9b7ff9fa2eee03f1fda9cd'} |
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Doors are a burglar's favourite entry and exit point, so make sure your doors have good-quality locks and security devices. As your windows are also vulnerable, it's a good idea to fit them with locks that are suited to their particular style or type.
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These Master Lock 5-pin tumbler steel padlocks can
be used to keep your belongings safe. Guarantee - Limited lifetime waranty against mechanical failure Number of keys included - 4 How to use - Sheds, gates and out buildings | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ee55ca4288ba5d9fb32152628c4f8bc6bad8a5b772c6b02b132cf99473d6d7ba'} |
The service you get at McDonald's in Japan is world class. The staff is polite and prompt, and there's still a focus on presentation. So it's a shame that McDonald's just screwed things up.
In Japan, McDonald's is mucking things up with a special promotion. Called "Enjoy! 60 Second Service", the concept is that if you don't get your order in sixty seconds, it's free. (However, if you get your meal in less than sixty seconds, you get a free coffee.)
To ensure that each order only takes a mere sixty seconds, there's a minute timer at the register for patrons to watch as the McDonald's employees scramble to slap together their Big Macs.
Japanese site Gigazine had better luck than these poor saps on Twitter and described the service as "smooth". Above, you can see what said smooth service looks like (or watch it here).
But on Twitter (via Naver), McDonald's customers are also uploading pics of what sixty seconds will do to a meal: besides the generally sloppy sandwiches, there are several photos of burgers sans meat! Some in regions where McDonald's service isn't so great might scoff and say, well, that's what McDonald's is usually like. But it's not usually like this in Japan, hence the complaints.
The campaign runs until January 31 and is only available between 11am and 2pm, with certain restrictions on what hamburgers you can order. Still, there are those who are saying the minute fast service simply isn't worth the trouble—especially if that means you might get a burger that is missing the burger part.
これは凄いwww マックの「60秒サービス」で生まれた奇跡のバーガー [Naver via IT Media]
(Top photo: Gigazine)
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There used to be a healthy economic competition between Minnesota and Wisconsin. The states were neck-and-neck for years in employment growth and other key indicators. It became even more fun with Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker’s “Wisconsin Open for Business” rhetoric.
For awhile, it really sounded like Wisconsin was eating our lunch. Back in February, a Wisconsin lawmaker even sent out an “open letter” to Minnesota businesses encouraging them to relocate to Wisconsin in response to Gov. Dayton’s tax and budget proposals.
But as we’ve noted repeatedly in past posts (find a sampling here, here and here) Wisconsin talks a better game than it plays when it comes to economic success. The facts show Minnesota performed better than the Badger State in keeping people employed during the Great Recession and adding jobs in the recovery.
This spring, though, there’s been mounting evidence that, economically, Wisconsin’s not even in the game.
Exhibit A is the state monthly coincident index produced by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
The index is a good apples-to-apples comparison, combing four indicators (nonfarm payroll employment, average hours worked in manufacturing, the unemployment rate, and inflated-adjusted wages) into a single statistic.
February data showed a marked uptick in the index for Minnesota over Wisconsin. April data showed Minnesota pulling away as Wisconsin staggered.
Here are the data indexed to a common starting point in 2007, before the recession began.
The separation between Minnesota and Wisconsin has become even more pronounced this spring. In fact the Philly Fed’s Leading Index forecasts Minnesota’s economy continuing its solid growth the next six months.
Wisconsin? It was one of only five states to show an expected decline.
I’ve noted in other posts that the data don’t end the discussion about taxes and spending or the effects of fiscal policy on business decisions. Yes, it’s possible the latest Minnesota budget and the new taxes that come with it will send Minnesota businesses running across the border.
Still, no matter what you think of the budget and tax policies of the two states, the bedrock economic data show Minnesota has outperformed Wisconsin for more than a decade and has accelerated its recovery the past three years while Wisconsin has stumbled.
From 1980 through the early 2000s, Minnesota and Wisconsin ran neck-and-neck in these key economic measures.
The gap between Minnesota and Wisconsin has never been wider.
The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel wrote recently:
“The most accurate reading of the state’s employment trends show Wisconsin ranks at No. 44 in private-sector job creation in the most recent 12-month period. In the same time frame, also using accurate data, Wisconsin ranks as the nation’s fifth worst in terms of the erosion in private-sector wages, in which the state’s 2.2% decline is twice the rate of the national 1.1% average. Even in a slow recovery, Wisconsin has been on the caboose. Few if any economists appear to have pinpointed the exact reasons, which has opened the issue to political posturing over economic policy from both sides.”
Wisconsin has a lot of issues.
Economies recover. Wisconsin will see better days. For now, though, the economic competition between the two states isn’t really much of a competition. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'df1e0907880fb0d8f34ce3625bbbebd35c98d6b20b27e902cfc44b8ae4a675b0'} |
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Ghandehari Yazdi A, Hojjatoleslamy M, Keramat J, Jahadi M, Amani E. The Evaluation of saccharose replacing by adding stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Naanberenji (an Iranian confectionary). Food Sci Nutr. 2017;5:845--851. <https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.463>
\[Correction added on 31 May 2017, after first online publication: The word "Physicochemical" at the end of the article title was removed and the surname of the second author was changed from Hojjatoleslami to Hojjatoleslamy\].
1. INTRODUCTION {#fsn3463-sec-0001}
===============
Changes in lifestyle, reduction in human being\'s mobility, incidence of obesity, hypertension, and heart disease necessitate of low calorie formulas. Therefore, to people suffer from diabetes, obesity, children, and pregnant women, consummation less sucrose is recommended (Glicksman & Farkas, [1966](#fsn3463-bib-0014){ref-type="ref"}). Mainly because sucrose intake has shown indications of being a major contributor to adolescent obesity (Striegel‐Moore et al., [2006](#fsn3463-bib-0030){ref-type="ref"}). Therefore, many researchers and producers have attempted to find sucrose alternatives that have the same browning, structural, and sweetening capabilities.
Non‐nutritive sweeteners provide unique benefits and properties that could help to control health and prevention of diabetes. For instance, consumption of these sweeteners may enhance weight loss (Raben, Vasilaras, Moller, & Astrup, [2002](#fsn3463-bib-0027){ref-type="ref"}), reduced energy intake (Wiebe et al., [2011](#fsn3463-bib-0032){ref-type="ref"}), and reduced BMI (Wiebe et al., [2011](#fsn3463-bib-0032){ref-type="ref"}). Furthermore, the annual growth, competition entry, and product development that this market has experienced in the latter part of the twentieth century (Prance, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0026){ref-type="ref"}) is also clear evidence of increasing demand for them. Naanberenji which is a well‐accepted Iranian traditional cookie compose of rice flour, sucrose, egg, and oil in two small and big sizes (Figure [1](#fsn3463-fig-0001){ref-type="fig"}) (Martinez et al., [2012a](#fsn3463-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}, [2012b](#fsn3463-bib-0021){ref-type="ref"}). Recently, stevia and its sweetener called stevioside have been taken into account as an appropriate replacer for sucrose. This plant is founds in the form of a short herby plant near Paraguay Brazil border (Carakaostas, Curry, Boileau, & Brusick, [2008](#fsn3463-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}). Researches have discovered that diterpene glycosides are responsible for stevia sweetness (Hamzeloei et al., [2004](#fsn3463-bib-0015){ref-type="ref"}) which estimated to be 200--300 times as much as sucrose (Mogra & Dashora, [2009](#fsn3463-bib-0022){ref-type="ref"}). Findings exhibit that stevia can be applied in treating diabetes, exhaustion, cancer, hypertension, and it prevents mouth microorganism growth (Mogra & Dashora, [2009](#fsn3463-bib-0022){ref-type="ref"}; Curry & Roberts, [2008](#fsn3463-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}; Ghosh, Subudhi, & Nayak, [2008](#fsn3463-bib-0013){ref-type="ref"}; Fatemi, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0012){ref-type="ref"}). Figure [2](#fsn3463-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"} depicts the chemical structure of stevioside. In which nonsugar part is diterpene called steviol containing a hydroxyl group in its 4th carbone (Keramat, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0016){ref-type="ref"}; Ahmed, Hossain, Islam, Kumar Saha, & Mandal, [2011](#fsn3463-bib-0002){ref-type="ref"}). In recent decades, stevioside has been consumed in beverages and confectioneries in China, USA, and Japan (Koyama et al., [2003](#fsn3463-bib-0017){ref-type="ref"}). In addition to a dietary sugar, filling agents such as alcoholic sugars, maltodextrin, and nondigestible carbohydrate like cellulose is required as well to produce sugar‐free confectioneries (Bullock, Handu, Segall, & Wasserman, [1992](#fsn3463-bib-0005){ref-type="ref"}). Nowadays, different modified starch compounds are widely applied in food industries. Maltodextrin, one of the modified starch types (Equivalent Dextrose \<20) is composed of a mixture compounds with molecular weight between poly and oligo saccharides in white powder and concentrated syrup forms (Sadeghi, Shahidi, Mortazavi, Mahalati, & Beheshti, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0028){ref-type="ref"}). In comparison to crude starch, maltodextrin enjoys more water solubility, being cheaper than most edible hydrocolloids with no flavor and color; besides, it can be taken into account as a gelling agent, a consistency creating agent, a viscosity increasing agent, it increases dry solid, resists high temperatures, prevents crystallization and, controls freezing temperature (Chronakis, [1998](#fsn3463-bib-0008){ref-type="ref"}; Docik‐Baucal, Dokic, & Jakovljevic, [2004](#fsn3463-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"}). In recent years, studies have focused on the production of cereal low calorie products. Study of mutual affects of stevioside, liquid sorbitol, xanthan gum, and emulsifier revealed that viscosity is reduced in sucrose replacing sorbitol, whereas viscosity is increased by adding gum; moreover, in another study, the effect of sucralose and polydextrose on rheological properties, texture, structure, color, and appearance of Muffin exhibited no acceptability of samples at all sucrose replacement (Manisha, Soumya, & Indrani, [2012](#fsn3463-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}). Adding erythrol and xanthan mixture along with leavening agent enhances the product volume and reduces hardness (Martinez et al., [2012a](#fsn3463-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}, [2012b](#fsn3463-bib-0021){ref-type="ref"}).
{#fsn3463-fig-0001}
{#fsn3463-fig-0002}
Applying stevia as a sweetener on biscuit exhibited the reduction in peroxide value; in fact, by increasing the amount of sweetener, peroxide value decreased (Hamzeloei et al., [2004](#fsn3463-bib-0015){ref-type="ref"}), moreover, in 80% sucralose‐dextrin replacement in chiffon cake, hardness was increased and desirability was reduced (Lin & Lee, [2005](#fsn3463-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}). This article aims at the investigation of affections of stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on textural and sensory properties of the Naanberenji by partially or completely replacing of its sugar.
{#fsn3463-fig-0003}
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS {#fsn3463-sec-0002}
=======================
2.1. Raw material {#fsn3463-sec-0003}
-----------------
Consumed ingredients include rice flour (North, Iran), sugar (Chaharmahal Suagar Co, Shahrekord, Iran), rosewater, oil (Varamin, Tehran, Iran), and maltodextrin (Dextrose Equivalent \< 20) from Poran powder, Isfahan, Iran, and stevioside from Beno Co, Germany purchased from market.
2.2. Preparing Naanberenji samples: {#fsn3463-sec-0004}
-----------------------------------
Firstly, oil, sugar, and egg yolk were mixed. White yolk was individually blended after that added to the mixture. Rosewater and extra sugar were prepared and completely shaken, then, rice flour was added and shaking continued to reach a uniform and slightly loose dough. Prepared dough was placed in a nylon bag for 24 h. Eventually it was developed to 0.5 cm thickness and was cut with round molds. It was placed in an oven at 300°C for 15--20 min, after cooling, all samples were placed in packaging containers.
To reduce the amount of sugar, four levels of stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% added so that four treatments and control were experimented.
2.3. Physiochemical properties of rice flour {#fsn3463-sec-0005}
--------------------------------------------
Experimental test approved by AACC including, moisture (44--16), ash (08--01), protein (46--12), fat (30--20), and falling number (56081) were performed on consumed rice flour (AACC, [2000](#fsn3463-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}).
2.4. Naanberenji experiments {#fsn3463-sec-0006}
----------------------------
### 2.4.1. Sensory evaluation {#fsn3463-sec-0007}
Scoring the intensity of a feature was employed for sensory evaluation where five trained panelists in the field of taste and texture of naanberenji assessed eight treatments containing stevioside‐maltodextrin and control with three random digits as code. Distilled water was used for washing mouth. All the samples were analyzed based on four characteristics including aftertaste (1 = without aftertaste, 5 = with high aftertaste), texture (1 = extremely soft, 5 = extremely hard), sweetness (1 = without sweet taste, 5 = extremely sweet), and overall desirability (1 = extremely brackish, 5 = extremely tasty).
### 2.4.2. Investigation of naanberenji rheological properties {#fsn3463-sec-0008}
In fact, the required force to penetrate a bar in inner parts of foodstuff is a scale to assess the amount of hardness (Bourne, [2002](#fsn3463-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"}). Brookfield Engineering middle base, CT3‐4500, USA, were used for performing the punching test (in three replicates, blade race and penetration thickness were considered 0.5 mm/s and 10 mm, respectively. Selected probe was Probe TA39 with following characteristics: rod shape, stainless steel, length 20 mm, diameter 5 mm, and weight 5 g (Haj Mohammadi, Keramat, Hojatoleslami & Maulavi, [2013](#fsn3463-bib-0101){ref-type="ref"}).
### 2.4.3. Color analysis {#fsn3463-sec-0009}
To analyze color, providing uniform and constant condition is very important; therefore, the samples were placed in a box with an internal white wall. Two 18w lamps with 30° as irradiance angel supplied the requested light, then pictures of samples was taken by canon camera, model IXUS130. Image processing software was used to convert RGB to \*L, \*a, \*b. Equation [(1)](#fsn3463-disp-0001){ref-type="disp-formula"} and Equation [(2)](#fsn3463-disp-0002){ref-type="disp-formula"} were employed for the measurement of color changes and browning index (Saricoban & Yilmaz, [2010](#fsn3463-bib-0029){ref-type="ref"}). $$\Delta E = \sqrt{{(L^{\circ} - L)}^{2}{+ (}a^{\circ} - a)^{2} + {(b^{\circ} - b)}^{2}}$$ $$B = \frac{100 \times (X - 0/31)}{0/17}$$
In which **X** is; $X = \frac{(a + 1/75 \times L)}{(5/645 \times L + a - 3/012 \times b}$
The best sample was selected after these experiments, then chemical experiments, calorie amount, stability, and rheological properties were performed on it and control sample.
### 2.4.4. Investigation of crude calorie {#fsn3463-sec-0010}
Naanberenji calorie was assessed by a calorimeter bomb (England) on the control sample and the best treatment containing stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on three replicates. Samples were homogenized, and placed in an oven for 24 h (to reach the energy amount of 100 dry solid), then 0.5 g of this homogenous mixture was placed in a small chamber, after that oxygen valve was opened to combust the sample. The produced heat was transfered to galvanometer. Equation [(3)](#fsn3463-disp-0003){ref-type="disp-formula"} was used to measure the energy resulting.$$E = \frac{466.54 \ast (D - 0.1)}{c}e$$
In which c is the sample weight, D is the galvanometer number, 0.1 is energy produced from rope burning, and 466.54 is equivalent to energy resulting from benzoic acid burning.
2.5. Stability and chemical experiments {#fsn3463-sec-0011}
---------------------------------------
Experiments including, ash, fat, protein, moisture, peroxide index, and acidity during storage time (2 month, every 30 days) were accomplished on the control and the sample containing sucralose‐maltodextrin.
2.6. Rheological experiments {#fsn3463-sec-0012}
----------------------------
Punch test was performed every 20 days on two aforesaid treatments. To evaluate the effect of stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on rheological properties of the dough, all the compounds except rice flour were removed, then to control sample rice flour, sucrose was added and for treatment containing stevioside‐maltodextrin rice flour, sucralose and maltodextrin were mixed and examined via farinograph experiment using statistical analysis method. SAS v.9 and Excle 2007 software was used to conduct ANOVA test in a completely random design and comparing LSD average for four Naanberenji samples.
######
Low calorie Naanberenji formulas containing stevioside‐maltodextrin
Ingredients per 100 gr of flour 25% Stevioside‐Maltodextrin 50% Stevioside‐Maltodextrin 75% Stevioside‐Maltodextrin 100% Stevioside‐Maltodextrin
--------------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------------------
Stevioside 0.43 0.87 1.31 1.75
Maltodextrin 87.07 174.10 261.19 348.25
Sucrose 262.50 175 87.50 --
Egge 100 100 100 100
Rosewater 170 170 170 170
Oil 500 500 500 500
Rice flour 1000 1000 1000 1000
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION {#fsn3463-sec-0013}
=========================
3.1. Physiochemical properties of rice flour {#fsn3463-sec-0014}
--------------------------------------------
Physiochemical properties of rice flour showed in Table [1](#fsn3463-tbl-0001){ref-type="table-wrap"}. Rice flour is composed of 10.16% protein, 0.76% ash, 0.8% fat, 6.2% moisture, nonacid soluble ash 0.04%, and falling number is 999s due to high amount of rice flour creating a hard gel so that viscometer shaker can barely break it. Consumed flour contains 54.2% water holding capacity, 20 m as developing time, and 18.1 m as stationary time (Fig. [2](#fsn3463-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}).
Results of texture evaluation are completely verified by sensory evaluation results (Table [2](#fsn3463-tbl-0002){ref-type="table-wrap"}). There were no significant differences in sweetness intensity (up to 75%) except samples containing 100% stevioside that had the least sweetness. There are some problems in using of stevioside (Keramat, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0016){ref-type="ref"}), for example, bitter aftertaste of stevioside, delay in stevioside releasing flavor due to the presence of some essential oils, tanan, and flavonoids along with rebadioside A (Mogra & Dashora, [2009](#fsn3463-bib-0022){ref-type="ref"}). Presence of flavoring compounds like rosewater probably covers stevioside aftertaste, and replacement in level of 25% resulted in reduction in overall desirability (*p* \< .05). These results are in agreement with previous studies (Martinez et al., [2012a](#fsn3463-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}, [2012b](#fsn3463-bib-0021){ref-type="ref"}; Lin & Lee, [2005](#fsn3463-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}).
######
The investigation of sucrose replacing with stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on sensorial properties of rice bread
Treatments Texture Sweetness Aftertaste Overall liking
------------------------------------------------ -------------- --------------- -------------- ----------------
Control 5.0 ± 0.7^a^ 3.2 ± 0.4^a^ 1.0 ± 0.0^a^ 7.0 ± 0.0^a^
25%St‐MD[a](#fsn3463-note-0002){ref-type="fn"} 5.6 ± 0.5^b^ 3.2 ± 0.4^a^ 1.0 ± 0.0^a^ 7.2 ± 0.8^a^
50%St‐MD 7.0 ± 0.7^c^ 3.0 ± 0.7^a^ 1.0 ± 0.0^a^ 6.0 ± 0.7^a^
75%St‐MD 7.0 ± 0.0^c^ 2.6 ± 0.5^ab^ 1.0 ± 0.0^a^ 5.6 ± 0.5^b^
100%St‐MD 7.0 ± 0.7^c^ 2.2 ± 0.4^b^ 1.8 ± 0.4^b^ 4.8 ± 0.4^c^
Those numbers with at least one common letter have no significant difference (*p* \< .05).
St‐MD: Stevioside‐maltodextrin.
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3.2. Analysis of penetration test related to treatment containing stevioside‐maltodextrin and control {#fsn3463-sec-0015}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Penetration test results showed in Table [3](#fsn3463-tbl-0003){ref-type="table-wrap"} revealed a significant increase in hardness (*p* ≤ .05), in which the least and the most required forces were related to control and treatment containing 100%, respectively. In fact, maltodextrin, which has a high molecular weight compound, is composed of Amylose and Amylopectin (Keramat, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0016){ref-type="ref"}) (with more amounts and ability to water uptake), so with more replacing amount, viscosity more increased; therefore, hardness also increased. Moreover, according to previous researches in sucrose replacement with alcoholic sugar, aspartame, rrythritol, oligofructose in sponge cake, and sucralose‐dextrin mixture in Chiffon cake, the increasing in hardness has also been reported (Lin & Lee, [2005](#fsn3463-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}; Peighambardoost et al., [2011](#fsn3463-bib-0025){ref-type="ref"}).
######
The assessment of sucrose replacing with stevioside‐mltodextrin on rheological properties of rice bread (Penetration test)
Treatments Force
------------ -------------------
Control 213.66 ± 3.51^a^
25%St‐MD 276.506.24^b^
50%St‐MD 968.16 ± 18.5^c^
75%St‐MD 1811.33 ± 12.5^d^
100%St‐MD 2647.33 ± 9.00^e^
Those numbers with common letters have no significant difference (*p* \< .05).
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
3.3. Color analysis of treatment containing stevioside‐maltodextrin and control {#fsn3463-sec-0016}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As depicted in Table [4](#fsn3463-tbl-0004){ref-type="table-wrap"}, no significant difference was observed among treatments (*p* ≥ .05). While the most amount of reddish, yellowish, color changes, and browning index were related to control sample, the most L\* was related to treatment containing 100% stevioside‐maltodextrin. Browning reaction, Maillard and caramelization occur slightly in the presence of Maltodextrin as a result of its low external reducing groups, causing significant differences in yellowish, browning index, color, and lightness changes to arise (*p* \< .05) (Sadeghi et al., [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0028){ref-type="ref"}).
######
The assessment of sucrose replacing with stevioside‐maltodextrin on color and rheological properties of rice bread
Treatments L\* a\* b\* ∆E BI Hardness
------------ ----------------- ---------------- ----------------- ---------------- ------------------ -------------------
Control 83.86 ± 2.00^a^ 1.10 ± 1.00^a^ 36.48 ± 2.01^a^ -- 56.21 ± 2.96^a^ 213.66 ± 3.51^a^
25%St‐MD 84.42 ± 2.08^a^ 0.92 ± 0.45^a^ 36.30 ± 1.52^a^ 4.30 ± 2.10^a^ 55.30 ± 2.21^a^ 276.506.24^b^
50%St‐MD 86.03 ± 0.88^a^ 0.89 ± 0.33^a^ 35.32 ± 1.80^a^ 4.63 ± 1.60^a^ 52.01 ± 3.30^ab^ 968.16 ± 18.5^c^
75%St‐MD 86.85 ± 2.06^b^ 0.70 ± 1.22^a^ 33.43 ± 2.20^b^ 5.57 ± 2.74^b^ 47.80 ± 3.20^b^ 1811.33 ± 12.5^d^
100%St‐MD 87.46 ± 0.35^b^ 0.64 ± 0.20^a^ 27.64 ± 2.71^c^ 9.71 ± 2.72^b^ 37.73 ± 4.52^c^ 2647.33 ± 9.00^e^
Those numbers with common letters have no significant difference (*p* \< .05).
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Water activity reduction observed in increasing the amount of dry solid and decreasing Millard. Indeed, Millard participants are immobilized in low moisture. Regarding to this point control sample contains sucrose, has the most browning index. Indeed, sucrose decomposes to fructose and glucose through heating and they participate in Millard reaction, the control sample showed the highest browning index. As results of heating process Glucosan and Levolosan, inverts sugars are formed and finally Hydroxymethylfurfural is created (Keramat, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0016){ref-type="ref"}).
3.4. Results related to shelf life period {#fsn3463-sec-0017}
-----------------------------------------
### 3.4.1. Texture investigation {#fsn3463-sec-0018}
Figure [3](#fsn3463-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"} depicts that during shelf life (2 months), texture of treatment containing 25% stevioside‐maltodextrin was significantly harder than control. It is thought that increasing of water uptake (which were 35.30 and 34.50 for treatment containing stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture and control, respectively (Fig. [3](#fsn3463-fig-0003){ref-type="fig"}) results in inversing of dough viscosity. Results coming from farinograph also verify the hardness of treatment containing 25% stevioside‐maltodextrin (Fig. [4](#fsn3463-fig-0004){ref-type="fig"}).
{#fsn3463-fig-0004}
### 3.4.2. Investigation of acidity and peroxide {#fsn3463-sec-0019}
Results in Table [5](#fsn3463-tbl-0005){ref-type="table-wrap"} showed that the most peroxide index was related to the control sample and was significantly reduced by replacing sucrose by 25%. These results are in agreement with the findings of the same replacement in biscuits in which peroxide index was remarkably reduced (Hamzeloei et al., [2004](#fsn3463-bib-0015){ref-type="ref"}).
Stevia antioxidant activity has been proved in many researches such as adding stevia to cocoa milk where the most peroxide value was observed in 100% level of stevia (Mohammadi, Delshadian, Langroudi, Homayouni Rad, & Mortazavian, [2012](#fsn3463-bib-0023){ref-type="ref"}). Methanol extract of stevia, which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, xanthphyls, and hydroxyl cynamic acids exhibits a noticeable antioxidant activity (Carino et al., [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0007){ref-type="ref"}). However, according to the results sucrose replacing with stevioside‐maltodextrin showed different effect, it is thought that maltodextrin increases viscosity by water uptake and this increasing leads to oil emulsification, therefore reduces antioxidant activity in sucrose replaced samples. As depicted in Table [5](#fsn3463-tbl-0005){ref-type="table-wrap"}, the amounts of peroxide and acidity have increased during storage (*p* \< .05).
######
The investigation of sucrose replacing (25%) with stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on acidity amount (oleic acid/100 g sample) and peroxide value (mg of oxygen/mg of oil) of naanberenji treatments
Treatments First day Thirtieth day Sixtieth day
------------ ----------------- ------------------ -----------------
Proxid
Control 2.91 ± 0.02^Aa^ 3.72 ± 0.07^Bb^ 4.64 ± 0.20^Ca^
25%St‐MD 2.74 ± 0.04^Ab^ 3.21 ± 0.14^Bb^ 3.97 ± 0.05^Cb^
Acidity
Control 0.25 ± 0.02^Aa^ 0.34 ± 0.02^Aa^ 0.45 ± 0.02^Ba^
25%ST‐MD 0.21 ± 0.00^Aa^ 0.27 ± 0.04^ABa^ 0.35 ± 0.05^Bb^
Letters A,B ....in rows and a,b,....in columns exhibit the significant differences (*p* \< .05).
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The results of acidity has been summarized in Table [5](#fsn3463-tbl-0005){ref-type="table-wrap"}. According to the results, acidity increased during storage. Moreover, no significant differences were observed among control and dietary treatment including stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on the 1st, 30th, and 60th day of shelf life.
3.5. Evaluation of crude calorie amount in control and treatment containing 25% stevioside‐maltodextrin {#fsn3463-sec-0020}
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regarding the point that the target of this study was to produce low calorie naanberenji, hence the assessment of calorie reduction seems to be necessitated. Results showed that in comparison to control, by 25% replacement, calorie has decreased 7.27%. It is noted that both sucrose and maltodextrin contain 4 kcal/g (Farzanmehr, Abbasi, & Sahari, [2007](#fsn3463-bib-0011){ref-type="ref"}).
Due to maltodextrin is polymeric component and has high molecular weight less be absorbed so that lead to reduction in calorie consumption. Although, stevioside is a free calorie sweetener, it has no important role in calorie reduction. These results are in agreement with results obtained by Bramlett, Harrison, McKemie, & Swanson, ([2012](#fsn3463-bib-0004){ref-type="ref"}). They found that sucrose replacing with sucralose‐isomalt mixture in chocolate cookie resulted in a 5%--8% calorie reduction. Swanson, Mckemite, Savage, & Zhuang, ([2009](#fsn3463-bib-0031){ref-type="ref"}) also reported that by replacing sucrose (35%) with sucralose and sucralose‐maltodextrin in cookie produced from oat, the calorie amount was reduced to 6%--7%.
3.6. Chemical properties of control and treatment containing 25% stevioside‐maltodextrin {#fsn3463-sec-0021}
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sugar evaluation is one of the important experiment in this study. According with obtained results in Table [6](#fsn3463-tbl-0006){ref-type="table-wrap"}, sucrose replacement by stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture showed a 23.06% reduction in sugar content at level of 25% of replacement.
######
The investigation of sucrose replacement affection by stevioside‐maltodextrin on the chemical contents of rice bread
gr/100 gr 25%St‐MD Control
----------- ---------- ---------
Moisture 4.18 4.01
Ash 0.61 0.56
Fat 25.4 27.4
Protein 5.86 5.85
Sugar 13.44 17.47
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
4. CONCLUSION {#fsn3463-sec-0022}
=============
Results revealed, it is impossible to replace sucrose by stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture in 100% level. The most acceptable level of saccharose replacing by stevioside in formulation of Naanberenji was 25%. The main important parameter caused replacing in high level showed reverse effect is hardness that lead to reduction in desirability.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST {#fsn3463-sec-0023}
====================
None declared.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '9ae1c27f20b0d63536cb053074e8294df6604c906a1eea33d08ed99ad3939e85'} |
Next: , Previous: Time of day items, Up: Date input formats
4.10.4 Time zone items
A time zone item specifies an international time zone, indicated by a small set of letters, e.g., ‘UTC’ or ‘Z’ for Coordinated Universal Time. Any included periods are ignored. By following a non-daylight-saving time zone by the string ‘DST’ in a separate word (that is, separated by some white space), the corresponding daylight saving time zone may be specified. Alternatively, a non-daylight-saving time zone can be followed by a time zone correction, to add the two values. This is normally done only for ‘UTC’; for example, ‘UTC+05:30’ is equivalent to ‘+05:30’.
Time zone items other than ‘UTC’ and ‘Z’ are obsolescent and are not recommended, because they are ambiguous; for example, ‘EST’ has a different meaning in Australia than in the United States. Instead, it's better to use unambiguous numeric time zone corrections like ‘-0500’, as described in the previous section.
If neither a time zone item nor a time zone correction is supplied, time stamps are interpreted using the rules of the default time zone (see Specifying time zone rules). | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '96', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.877911388874054}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '5077', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JJIC7JQ7FW3Y5Y5IS5V6ITAKMC7CRMRC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8c7b9114-01c2-42d6-b8b9-79d941d6f474>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 16, 4, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.118.235.148', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JI7JWKUODKHGHXGUYR6WO7Y547D76Q7K', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:0e0f847b-da1a-4be3-84ac-a0e410f60277>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.gnu.org/software/shishi/manual/html_node/Time-zone-items.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:614ef133-c723-40ef-a650-b9072ff92383>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '171', 'url': 'http://www.gnu.org/software/shishi/manual/html_node/Time-zone-items.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09649896621704102', 'original_id': '6dda3cd5c706dfdc4aa0e5bf7267e0d9762a4b1ed40a0b93f0a7c0d59fccd6bd'} |
Impact of Machine Perfusion on Sinusoid Microcirculation of Liver Graft Donated After Cardiac Death.
The present study examined the impact of oxygenated machine perfusion on preservation of liver grafts donated after cardiac death by measuring sinusoidal endothelial injury and microcirculatory disturbances. Fifteen porcine livers were retrieved 60 min after warm ischemia and allocated into three groups as follows: (1) CS group: static cold storage, (2) HMP group: oxygenated hypothermic perfusion preservation, (3) SNMP group: oxygenated subnormothermic perfusion preservation. The liver grafts donated after cardiac death were preserved for 4 h in different treatment conditions mentioned previously, then subject to ex vivo reperfusion for 2 h using diluted allogeneic blood. The hemodynamic parameters, liver function tests, tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and immunohistochemical findings were investigated. The number of sinusoidal epithelial cells and trabecular structures were maintained after 4 h of preservation in the CS, HMP, and SNMP group. Liver tissue ATP levels after 4 h of preservation in the HMP and SNMP groups were significantly higher compared with that in the CS group. The sinusoidal epithelial cells were significantly exfoliated to a more severe extent in the CS group than in the HMP and SNMP groups. Intrasinusoidal platelet aggregation occurred more frequently in the CS group than in the HMP and SNMP groups. The results indicated that oxygenated machine perfusion preservation was important to prevent the depletion of tissue ATP and maintain sinusoidal homeostasis regardless of the perfusate temperature. Our findings suggest oxygenated machine perfusion preservation as an effective alternative to static cold storage. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '8aec3fdb09cc81fc510ff52e2db584c5c6d2d2fc8205b74d357cff0c447e1ae8'} |
Chen Tianqiao
Founder and chief executive officer, Shanda Interactive Entertainment
Last Updated: 09 Oct 2013
Who is he? Dubbed China's Bill Gates, Chen, 32, was China's richest man, with a US$1.5 billion fortune, before shares in his Shanda internet gaming company tumbled last year. He is now 10th, with holdings valued at a mere $1 billion. It was surely a humbling experience.
How did he make his millions? The economics graduate was in real estate before starting Shanda with $3 million of venture capital in 1999. It sold cartoons online, but Chen refocused it, creating a national obsession with his multiplayer online game (MMORPG). Nasdaq-listed Shanda now has an army of young game developers.
The secret of his success? Chen has a nose for technology trends. Because of rampant piracy in China, he distributed the game for free and sold pre-paid subscriptions for internet-based multi-player versions, quickly making money. 'You have to be ready to go out and take risks if you want to win profits,' says Chen.
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Get more great articles like this in your inbox every lunchtime | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.957268476486206}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '38046', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TS7HEQDO5Q2OEJ34PTAEJPXR3LLXTJ3Y', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:985cf2e9-f13b-45c9-8fd9-d3bf7d1d6270>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 22, 45, 47), 'WARC-IP-Address': '213.251.18.130', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AK43QHSFEE7VKBFF4D3NKBFR6YASZ2WI', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1818dfb6-68a5-4bb1-a51d-f04d10d30940>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/chen-tianqiao/article/556046', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:54ec43e8-fead-420f-862c-4074596b74e8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '180', 'url': 'https://www.managementtoday.co.uk/chen-tianqiao/article/556046', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-30-205-180.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0296708345413208', 'original_id': '81510c1deac5b3e5ec5f565ca6e9a6fe9d767deac7243b6e83f3bfd0579b45d9'} |
Klemperer’s Flute
The question arises, if we lay to rest the distortions and untruths of the Christian past, indeed of the whole Abrahamic inheritance, as unworthy of free and intelligent people, what bulwark will we have against the worst, who are full of passionate intensity? [Read more]
The dancers’ body paint ran under the hot lights and, afterwards, in the lobby, listening to working-class Italians from Bensonhurst, I first divined that a passion for an art form entails close critical attention and cold discriminations. These stern, brick-laying, bocce-playing critics thought Radames was not on form that night.— [Read more]
The Wolf of Wall Street
Rule out guessing Scorsese’s motives in making The Wolf of Wall Street. Rule out fantasizing some other movie different from the one in front of us. Rule out mere energy or gusto or talent or stylishness or what have you as in any way relevant. Rule out the idea that we are being taught anything about Wall Street or invidious consumption or debauchery we did not already know. What do we make of it then? What is the most economical interpretation of what we see? [Read more]
The second ready-made, so to speak, on which Barbara hangs, is the dynamic of life in the old German Democratic Republic, now well-trodden ground in films. The action of the film takes place entirely in a provincial backwater on the Baltic coast, a shithole of casual brutality and meanness within which, in spite of everything, something like a normal life surfaces in unexpected ways. [Read more]
The trouble with this is not that Wagner is made nicer than he really was, or that his intention is given a teleological spin, it is rather that we are likely to miss what he actually says about the present age. The burden of Parsifal—which Wagner called ein Bühnenweihfestspiel, A Festival Play for the Consecration of the Stage—is that the path to maturity and wisdom for the exceptional individual, the Chosen One, the Redeemer, and, through him, to the redemption of the world of men and nature, must begin and end with religious consecration and utter spiritual isolation. [Read more] | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '40', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.926998257637024}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59776', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:A7K7ZENJRLQ6C7D2RSDHHATGIC5TTRYG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ec9e2326-f383-4d59-8175-8922b1b1f53a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 8, 25, 21, 43, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '77.104.138.125', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MLZFM4MOKAEZCBGIBSL7R27PXMMVBZ47', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:de239617-1d23-4550-9dd8-a4d4f9a1b069>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.skjohannesen.com/tag/operas/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:adb36f51-c4ff-4319-8015-dd6fe0f38b82>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '399', 'url': 'http://www.skjohannesen.com/tag/operas/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-35\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-15.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02355337142944336', 'original_id': '20ac593b93a5b44e6b51c1a6b981ad03aa24e246953386be00c6a041440c780d'} |
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
Oh why must I stress myself out so bad???
So far summer has been crazy busy-work, training, travel and plenty of other things. I just got back from an action packed weekend in AL with lots of training and fun in the sun!
I try to keep things light on here for the most part and only reflect mainly on fun and training but I have been working pretty hard to stay on top of it all. There does seem to be a situation developing which could be a little stressful but I suppose life is never simple. Stress can do funny things it seems. Sometimes I am so stressed I have trouble sleeping which sort of stinks because being tired and stressed is even worse! Sometimes this leads to a funk where I don't feel like training and can't seem to get going. Then sometimes I force myself to go and just do not feel it at all and have pathetic workouts. Then there are times you are soooo stressed that you just go run and go so hard that it just feels with every pounding of the pavement, you are working it out. Yesterday was one of those runs...simply flying and trying to blow off my stress!
So for now I am not sure how the situation will develop. I just know I will put my best foot forward and try to handle it with grace (unlike my cat tripping, heel ripping open step out my bedroom door today). Thank goodness I have my family, friends and laid back hubby to lean on and my health! Who know, sometimes you find out you stress for no reason at all! And then sometimes stress can lead you to do things that are good for you in the end! Fingers crossed everything works out!
Kim said...
um i hear ya with being crazy busy, having pathetic workouts, and being completely stressed out i can barely sleep. here's to relaxing and trying to stay stress free!
Kate said...
I hope the situation sorts itself out soon- don't forget to take time out for you! If the training is pathetic anyway, switch it around, or skip it occasionally and have a spa or ride your motorbike, or do whatever else it is that makes you feel best.
jessithompson said...
Bill said...
Just keep the faith Janet and rely on your husband and family. I hope everything works out for you!
Matty O said...
Stress sucks simple as that.
Can really mess with your body too so find a good way to vent it out!
Hope you guys have a blast this weekend, we are sorry we can't make it but I have to work. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '6', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9668742418289183}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '82661', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ACRFRAV7TI7A3FBWCAQ4KS7LQPVBQ2UH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:22339406-5b94-4959-aab1-c99cc38ab70d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 17, 19, 18, 16), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZJ44HV4OB3JHLAWVPORGBHTDQPGRPN2N', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c901a20d-f927-42de-9b2d-3f962fe4e95f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://daisyduc.blogspot.com/2010/07/oh-why-must-i-stress-myself-out-so-bad.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:57fd2ca1-eb32-4d0f-b347-dffa2ac30831>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '471', 'url': 'http://daisyduc.blogspot.com/2010/07/oh-why-must-i-stress-myself-out-so-bad.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-166-25-178.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.059176623821258545', 'original_id': '84a9d088080bd253760b0b11f36237f45ef230e583f6f3d655a6b2c31a0af8ff'} |
Q:
My old method of getting the access token through getAccessToken on FB does not work anymore?
I am trying to get the application access token to use it in my configuration file, however I can not get it even though the user accepts the app from facebook.
It used to work back in the days but not now. Before I was getting a long string of token but now, my old method does not work so I tried to get it through
https://graph.facebook.com/oauth/access_token?
client_id=YOUR_APP_ID
&client_secret=YOUR_APP_SECRET
&grant_type=client_credentials
However what I get now is xxxxxxxxxxxx|yyyyyyyyyyyyyyy and I believe this is not the correct one because it does not work also.
$facebook->getAccessToken(); used to do the trick but not now.
What can I do about it ?
Thank you
A:
when user comes to your app, try $facebook->getAccessTokenFromCode($_GET['code']);
I was having same issue and this one fixed for me.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '70fff0fc26d4b4597467f6e01834ac227269d3e5af608fd00a07a56e300f776b'} |
2018/08/14 | Diálogo Chino
ANALYSIS: The Pros and Cons of Chinese Investment in Latin America
2017/03/11 | Derek Grossman
Why China is Tolerating Vietnam’s South China Sea Activities
Beijing has chosen to tolerate recent Vietnamese construction activities in the South China Sea. But as tensions predictably rise in the South China Sea during the spring, China has a range of options to express its displeasure with Hanoi. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '21', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8858833312988281}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '51912', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:F3FQIC4GC7DGXGHL6EJ237TAPEF4H7XN', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:acaba2ff-954c-4499-ac43-c05a8c2031b6>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 28, 21, 40, 29), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.6.137', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W3TSUIFCMKHJWENXNBA4FHHQGOBVGXHR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8c281af4-9945-499d-9a85-a7f0e6b69dfb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://international.thenewslens.com/tag/China%2520foreign%2520policy', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e8b30b0d-b8ed-40ac-88c8-76333844c22b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '89', 'url': 'https://international.thenewslens.com/tag/China%2520foreign%2520policy', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-40\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6350967288017273', 'original_id': 'a8b2ad6ebdee303afb8051f6ceb7c691565314de18037cb25781f1970d9e4740'} |
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Models in biology: lessons from modeling regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle
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In this essay we illustrate some general principles of mathematical modeling in biology by our experiences in studying the molecular regulatory network underlying eukaryotic cell division. We discuss how and why the models moved from simple, parsimonious cartoons to more complex, detailed mechanisms with many kinetic parameters. We describe how the mature models made surprising and informative predictions about the control system that were later confirmed experimentally. Along the way, we comment on the ‘parameter estimation problem’ and conclude with an appeal for a greater role for mathematical models in molecular cell biology.
Accurate descriptions of our pathetic thinking about nature
Jeremy Gunawardena [1] opened this series of review articles (on ‘models in biology’) with a quote from Nobel Laureate James Black, who described mathematical models as "accurate descriptions of our pathetic thinking about nature". Black, who made skilful use of mathematical models on the road to discovering antagonists of β-adrenergic receptors, was certainly not equating mathematical models with ‘pathetic thinking’ (as some people believe) but rather suggesting that mathematical models could be useful in turning our provisional ideas about molecular biology into real knowledge about living cells. Black saw three essential roles for models in biology: to expose assumptions, to define expectations, and to devise new tests. Our purpose in this review is to illustrate these principles by our experiences in modeling the control of mitosis in eukaryotic cells. We structure our review around subheadings derived from some cogent observations by Gunawardena (slightly paraphrased) about the art of building mathematical models in biology [1].
Focus on the biology by asking a specific question
We focus in this review on the molecular mechanisms controlling entry into and exit from mitosis (M phase) in the natural cell cycles of frog embryos and fission yeast cells and in the artificial mitotic cycles exhibited by frog egg extracts. Because our focus is on certain principles of model building rather than a comprehensive description of cell cycle controls, we will not discuss the mechanisms controlling commitment of cells to DNA replication (S phase). Following an ancient tradition of cell biologists, we refer to G1, S and G2 phases of the cell cycle simply as ‘interphase’.
To describe the role of mathematical modeling in this endeavor, we start by summarizing the relevant knowledge — in 1990 — of the physiology and biochemistry of M-phase controls in frog eggs and fission yeast cells. Our description is based loosely on review articles of the time by Murray and Kirschner [2] and by Nurse [3].
Immature frog oocytes, which are arrested in G2 phase of meiosis I, can be induced by progesterone to proceed through meiosis I and arrest again in metaphase of meiosis II. These mature oocytes are ready for fertilization, which induces entry into a sequence of 12 rapid, synchronous, mitotic cycles culminating in the midblastula transition. Masui and Markert [4] demonstrated that the progesterone signal can be bypassed by injecting immature oocytes with cytoplasm from mature oocytes, which (they opined) contained a ‘maturation promoting factor’ (MPF) that triggered the activation of a pool of inactive MPF in the immature oocyte. Later experiments by Kirschner and colleagues [5] showed that ‘MPF activity’ is elevated whenever frog eggs are in M phase (meiosis in oocytes or mitosis in fertilized eggs), and the acronym was reinterpreted as ‘M-phase promoting factor’.
Using frog egg extracts, which recapitulate in vitro many features of MPF activation and inactivation, Murray and Kirschner, among others, showed biochemically that the rate-limiting step for MPF activation in extracts is the synthesis of a single protein, cyclin B, and that MPF inactivation, as the extract returns to interphase, is associated with cyclin B proteolysis by a ubiquitin-dependent pathway [6, 7]. (The anaphase promoting complex, APC, is the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that promotes cyclin degradation as cells exit mitosis.) In addition, MPF accumulates in cells during interphase in an inactive form (preMPF); then, as cells enter mitosis, preMPF is converted to active MPF in an autocatalytic (self-amplifying) process. These discoveries led to a picture of M-phase control in frog embryos similar to the diagram in Fig. 1a.
Fig. 1
Molecular aspects of mitotic control in eukaryotic cells. a Biochemists’ view of the regulation of M-phase promoting factor (MPF) in early frog embryos. Derived from the discussion in [2]. Cyclin is synthesized from amino acids (aa) and degraded by a ubiquitin-dependent pathway, catalyzed by the anaphase promoting complex (APC). Cyclin promotes the activation of MPF, which enhances its own production in an autocatalytic fashion. MPF promotes the interphase-to-metaphase transition and activates the APC. b Geneticists’ view of Cdc2 activation in fission yeast cells. Derived from the discussion in [3]. Active Cdc2 promotes the interphase-to-metaphase transition. The activation of Cdc2 is inhibited by Wee1 and promoted by Cdc25. c Solomon’s signal-response curve. Adapted from figure 4B of [12]. A fixed amount of non-degradable cyclin B was added to an interphase-arrested frog egg extract (all protein synthesis is inhibited by cycloheximide). The resultant activity of MPF (the Cdc2:cyclin B heterodimer) was measured as the rate of phosphorylation of histone H1. Notice that there is a distinct cyclin threshold (between 12 and 15 nM) for activation of MPF. d Félix’s experiment. Adapted from figure 1A of [13]; used by permission. An interphase-arrested frog egg extract is doped with a small amount of [35S]cyclin B and then supplemented with increasing amounts of exogenously synthesized MPF. The resultant activity of APC is evident from the rate of degradation of the [35S]cyclin added to the extract. For MPF concentrations between 0 and 6 U/μl (open circles), the rate of cyclin degradation is minimal, and the ‘cyclin remaining’ at each time point is set to 100 %. For larger MPF concentrations, ‘cyclin remaining’ is relative to these control points. For [MPF] = 12 U/μl (closed circles), the [35S]cyclin is rapidly degraded after a time lag of ~25 minutes. For larger concentrations of MPF, 24 U/μl (open squares) and 48 U/μl (closed squares), cyclin is degraded at the same high rate, but the time lag decreases to ~10 minutes
Meanwhile, Nurse and colleagues, studying cell growth and division in fission yeast by genetic tools, had discovered three genes involved in regulating entry into mitosis: cdc2, cdc25 and wee1. The genetic evidence suggested that the cdc2 gene product, the protein Cdc2, can be either ‘inactive’ (in interphase) or ‘active’ (in mitosis). Cdc25, the product of the cdc25 gene, appeared to promote the activation of Cdc2, and Wee1 to inhibit the activation of Cdc2. Significantly, Nurse found that the length of rod-shaped fission yeast cells when they enter mitosis is sensitively dependent on the dosage of the wee1 and cdc25 genes. Deletion of wee1 makes cells smaller, whereas overexpression of wee1 makes cells larger. Deletion and overexpression of cdc25 have the opposite effects. These facts are consistent with the notion that Wee1 is an inhibitor of entry into mitosis and Cdc25 is an activator. Upon cloning these genes, Nurse and coworkers found that Cdc2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase and Wee1 is a tyrosine/threonine protein kinase. The amino acid sequence of Cdc25 was unlike any other proteins known at that time. With characteristic caution, Nurse [3] diagrammed the genetic evidence as in Fig. 1b, although he speculated that Wee1 inhibited Cdc2 by phosphorylating it on neighboring threonine and tyrosine residues, and Cdc25 activated Cdc2 by promoting the removal of these phosphate groups.
The activity called MPF proved particularly difficult to purify biochemically, but this feat was eventually achieved by Lohka et al. [8], who showed that MPF activity was associated with co-purification of Cdc2 and cyclin B [911]. It was thought most likely that cyclin binds to Cdc2 to form a kinase-active heterodimer (a process called ‘stoichiometric’ activation), but the possibility that cyclin played a catalytic role in the activation of Cdc2 could not be ruled out.
Two other experiments are especially relevant to our story. Mark Solomon, working in Kirschner’s lab, was studying the activation of Cdc2 by cyclin B in frog egg extracts that lacked both cyclin synthesis and cyclin degradation [12]. Solomon supplemented these extracts with fixed concentrations of non-degradable cyclin B and measured the resultant activity of Cdc2 kinase (by its phosphorylation of a representative substrate, histone H1) as a function of cyclin B level. We shall call this a ‘signal-response’ curve: cyclin B level being the signal, and Cdc2-kinase activity being the response. Solomon found a distinct ‘cyclin threshold’ for Cdc2 activation (Fig. 1c). For cyclin concentrations less than the threshold, he observed only background levels of histone H1 phosphorylation, but as soon as the cyclin level was greater than the threshold, the extract abruptly exhibited a high rate of histone phosphorylation, which increased further with increasing cyclin concentration.
In a similar fashion, Marie-Anne Félix was studying Cdc2-induced degradation of cyclin in frog egg extracts in Karsenti’s lab [13]. To an interphase-arrested extract (no cyclin synthesis), she added a small amount of [35S]-labeled cyclin B plus a measured amount of exogenously synthesized Cdc2:cyclin B heterodimers (i.e., MPF, measured in units of kinase activity per microliter of extract). She found that for MPF activity less than 6 U/μl, the [35S]-labeled cyclin B was only slowly degraded, but for higher concentrations of MPF (≥12 U/μl), the radioactively labeled cyclin B was rapidly degraded, after a time delay of 15 minutes or longer (Fig. 1d).
In the next section, we describe three simple mathematical models of these interactions between Cdc2 and cyclin B. The strengths and weaknesses of these models, in light of the experimental results of the time, set the stage for later, more successful models.
We never bother ourselves with all the details
In 1991 three competing models of the cyclin-MPF network were published by Norel and Agur [14], Goldbeter [15], and Tyson [16]. Basing their models loosely on the experimentalists’ informal diagrams sketched in Fig. 1a, b, all three modelers focused on certain features of the network that they thought to be most important (Fig. 2a–c, left), while neglecting other biochemical details known (or suspected) at the time. For instance, Norel and Agur assumed that cyclin drives the production of MPF in a catalytic manner and that MPF activates its own production (‘autocatalysis’). Norel and Agur also assumed that MPF activates cyclin degradation (by activating the APC, the enzyme ‘E’ in Fig. 2a, left), but that cyclin degradation is distinct from MPF destruction. Goldbeter also posited a catalytic function for cyclin activation of MPF, without the positive feedback loop whereby MPF activates itself. Cyclin degradation in Goldbeter’s model is a two-step process, whereby MPF first activates the APC (‘Ea’ in Fig. 2b, left), and then the APC drives cyclin degradation. In Tyson’s model, on the other hand, cyclin is a stoichiometric activator of Cdc2; i.e., cyclin binds with phosphorylated Cdc2 to form preMPF (Fig. 2c, left). preMPF is then converted into active MPF by the phosphatase activity of Cdc25. Because Cdc25 is activated by MPF, the conversion of preMPF to active MPF is a self-amplifying process in Tyson’s model. Tyson neglected the role of MPF in activating the APC; instead he assumed, without much experimental evidence, that only a phosphorylated form of cyclin was rapidly degraded.
Fig. 2
Three early models of the mitotic control system proposed by Norel and Agur [14] (a), Goldbeter [15] (b), and Tyson [16] (c). Left panels: Molecular mechanisms. Solid arrows represent chemical reactions; dashed arrows represent catalytic activities. E and H are enzymes that catalyze particular reactions; k s is the rate constant for cyclin synthesis; −P indicates a phosphorylated protein. Middle panels: Oscillatory ranges. As a function of increasing rate of synthesis of cyclin, we plot MPF activity of each model for two types of solutions. The solid (dashed) lines correspond to stable (unstable) steady state solutions of the model’s differential equations. The blue circles correspond to the maximum (upper) and minimum (lower) activity of MPF during an oscillatory solution for a particular value of k s. Notice that oscillatory solutions are observed only over a range of values of k s. Right panels: Signal-response curves. For a fixed concentration of cyclin, we plot the steady state activity of MPF as predicted by each model. Black squares represent Solomon’s observations (adapted from Fig. 1c). In (a) and (c) the dashed up-arrow indicates the cyclin level where the control system would make an abrupt jump to a state of high MPF activity. In the Norel-Agur model, the MPF activity increases without bound (indicated by the question mark)
Based on the reaction networks in Fig. 2 (left panels), the modelers converted their biochemical assumptions about the interactions of cyclin and MPF into differential equations for the rates of change of cyclin level and MPF activity. These mathematical equations describe the expected properties of the hypothetical mitotic control system given the assumptions behind each model, and these properties can then be compared with experimental observations to assess the reliability of the model. For instance, all three models exhibit spontaneous oscillations of MPF activity similar to MPF oscillations observed in frog egg extracts and to the mitotic cycles observed in early frog embryos. MPF oscillations in each model depend, of course, on the values assigned to the rate constants peculiar to each model, as illustrated in the middle panels of Fig. 2, which shows how the amplitude of MPF oscillations depends on the rate of synthesis of cyclin B (the rate constant k s). Notice that, in each model, the rate of cyclin synthesis must be greater than a certain minimum value for MPF oscillations to appear, as observed by Murray and Kirschner [6].
The models differ, however, in the dependence of MPF activity on a fixed concentration of cyclin (right panels of Fig. 2), which is Solomon’s signal-response curve (Fig. 1c). The Norel/Agur model is inconsistent with Solomon’s curve because the model has no ‘upper’ steady state of high MPF activity. In Goldbeter’s model, MPF activity increases abruptly over a small range of cyclin concentrations (a phenomenon called ‘ultrasensitivity’ [17]). Goldbeter’s ultrasensitive signal-response curve is consistent with the abrupt rise of MPF activity observed by Solomon. However, Goldbeter’s curve has a flat plateau for cyclin concentrations greater than the threshold, whereas Solomon’s measurements show a steady rise in MPF activity for increasing cyclin concentration above the threshold. In contrast to Goldbeter’s sigmoidal signal-response curve, Tyson’s model predicts an S-shaped curve, which is also consistent with Solomon’s experimental results, provided one interprets Solomon’s ‘threshold’ with the lower turning point of the S-shaped curve. Although both Goldbeter and Tyson referred to Solomon’s paper, neither of them commented on the significance of Solomon’s ‘cyclin threshold for Cdc2 activation’ with respect to their computed ‘signal-response’ curves.
The 1991 models were simple, with two or three differential equations (one for each time-varying species) and a handful of rate constants (one or two for each biochemical reaction). However, they were of little value in providing a unified, accurate picture of what was then known about mitotic regulation in eukaryotes and in making reliable predictions. To overcome these problems would require a more careful accounting of the molecular biology and cell physiology of frog eggs and yeast cells.
Modeling starts from known causalities from which predictions are made
In 1993, we proposed a model of mitotic controls in frog eggs and extracts [18] that combined the best features of Tyson’s and Goldbeter’s models, namely, stoichiometric binding of Cdc2 and cyclin B, positive feedback loops through Cdc25 and Wee1, and delayed activation by MPF of the APC. Compared to the 1991 models, our 1993 model (Fig. 3) included more reactions among additional biochemical species (e.g., the regulatory enzymes Wee1 and Cdc25) and, hence, more differential equations to solve and more rate constants to estimate. In return, the added complexity allowed us to simulate in great detail many characteristic features of autonomous mitotic cycles in frog eggs [18] and of size-controlled division cycles in fission yeast [19, 20]. For example, the 1993 model accounts nicely for the classic experiments of Solomon et al. [12] and Félix et al. [13], as can be seen by comparing the simulations in Fig. 3b, c with the experimental results in Fig. 1c, d.
Fig. 3
The Novak-Tyson 1993 model of mitotic control in frog eggs and extracts. a Molecular mechanism. Adapted from figure 1 of [18]. Solid arrows represent chemical reactions; dashed arrows represent catalytic activities. IE is an ‘intermediary enzyme’ phosphorylated by MPF. b Simulation of Solomon’s experiment in Fig. 1c. Adapted from figure 4B of [18]. For a fixed concentration of cyclin B, we plot the steady state concentration of MPF, according to the model. The up arrows and down arrows indicate irreversible transitions at the turning points of the S-shaped curve. For any fixed value of [cyclin] between the two arrows, the control system is ‘bistable’, i.e., it may persist in either of two alternative stable steady states (on the upper and lower branches) separated by an unstable steady state (the middle branch). The black squares recapitulate Solomon’s experiment [18]: starting from the steady state of low MPF activity, cyclin concentration is increased until the control system jumps to the steady state of high MPF activity. The gray squares recapitulate the experiments of Sha et al. [21] and Pomerening et al. [22]: starting from the steady state of high MPF activity, cyclin concentration is decreased until the control system jumps back to the low steady state. c Simulation of Félix’s experiment in Fig. 1d. This is figure 7a of [18]; used by permission. We simulated Félix’s experiment [13] by computing the rate of cyclin degradation when k s = 0 (i.e., an ‘interphase-arrested extract’) and the initial concentration of MPF is increased from 0 to 0.9 (where 1.0 is the maximum possible MPF concentration in the model)
The successful features of the 1993 model gave us the confidence to make some intrepid predictions.
First prediction (P1)
If MPF is indeed an S-shaped function of cyclin level, as suggested by Fig. 3b, then Solomon’s threshold reflects a discontinuous jump in MPF activity (the upward arrow in Fig. 3b), not a sigmoidal switch, as suggested by Goldbeter’s model (Fig. 2b, right panel). Consequently, if one were to start the extract in the upper steady state (the mitotic state) and decrease the cyclin concentration in stages, then one would observe a lower cyclin threshold for MPF inactivation (the discontinuous jump indicated by the downward arrow in Fig. 3b). According to our 1993 model (and Tyson’s 1991 model), there should be two different cyclin thresholds: one for flipping the switch ‘on’ at the up-arrow (Solomon’s threshold), and a lower threshold for flipping the switch ‘off’ at the down-arrow (a prediction of the model). For cyclin concentrations between the two thresholds, the switch can be either off (low MPF activity) or on (high MPF activity) depending on whether the switch started out in the off or on position. This sort of behavior — called ‘bistability’ — is familiar to anyone who has operated an old-fashion ‘snap-action’ light switch (as explained, for example, in Wikipedia), which toggles abruptly between lights on and lights off as the lever is pushed beyond the central position. When the lever is in the central position, the lights can be either on or off, depending on whether the lever is being pushed from the on position or from the off position. Our prediction that MPF activation is governed by a bistable switch differs radically from the simple interpretation of Solomon’s observations as a sigmoidal signal-response curve, for which MPF activation and inactivation occur at the same concentration of cyclin.
Second prediction (P2)
Furthermore, if Solomon’s threshold corresponds to a discontinuous transition at the turning point of an S-shaped signal-response curve, then, if the cyclin concentration is only slightly larger than the threshold, the transition is still all-or-none but the time required to make the transition is very long (a phenomenon called ‘critical slowing down’ in the field of dynamical systems). Again, these properties are not characteristic of a sigmoidal switch.
Third prediction (P3)
In addition, if MPF activation (at the interphase-to-mitosis transition) is governed by the turning point of an S-shaped curve, then the most natural explanation for checkpoint signals that delay this transition is a biochemical change that moves the turning point to larger values of total cyclin B.
Fourth predicition (P4)
The most sensitive point in the mechanism for such a signal to act is the protein phosphatase that opposes MPF in the phosphorylation of Wee1 and Cdc25. This theoretical observation suggests a possible role for regulated serine/threonine protein phosphatases in cell cycle control.
At the time we made these predictions, there were no experimental observations to suggest that our predictions were correct and plenty of reasons to doubt them. Ten years later, predictions P1–P3 were confirmed experimentally by Sha et al. [21] and by Pomerening et al. [22]. Prediction P4 was not borne out by later molecular studies of checkpoint mechanisms, but regulated phosphatases, as we shall see, were found to play critical roles in other situations.
The tension between parsimony and detail runs through systems biology like a fault line
Theoreticians, especially physicists, like simple, elegant models with few parameters (four parameters supposedly suffice to ‘fit an elephant’), but living matter, it would appear, is not so simple. The 1991 models of MPF regulation were parsimonious but inaccurate and ineffectual. Effective models of mitotic control (models that can account for a wide range of important physiological features and that can make trustworthy predictions) require dozen(s) of differential equations (one for each important protein and post-translationally modified form) and an attendant proliferation of unknown rate constants. Nonetheless, we were able to show [19] that the model in Fig. 3a, under quite reasonable conditions, can be reduced to just two differential equations and a few control parameters. This reduced model provides the desired accurate and parsimonious picture of many characteristic features of mitotic control in frog eggs and fission yeast cells. However, to dig deeper into the molecular foundations of cell cycle control, including regulation of DNA synthesis as well as mitosis, requires the creation of more detailed dynamical models, as illustrated by our later studies of fission yeast [23] and budding yeast [24].
The principal disadvantage of a biologically detailed model is the parameter estimation problem
If we are compelled to build detailed models, then we must eventually face the problem of how to estimate dozens of unknown parameter values (rate constants, binding constants, enzyme activities, and so on). There is nothing new or unexpected about this problem; every rate constant is estimated ultimately by fitting a mechanistic model to experimental data. The more complicated the mechanism and the longer the list of unknown rate constants, the more data will be needed to estimate them. To estimate a large number of parameters, we will need reliable data that probe every aspect of the mechanism, but we do not need great quantities of data. A few data points on a time course of cyclin accumulation or disappearance may be enough to estimate the rate constant of cyclin synthesis or degradation with enough accuracy for our purposes. Indeed, we found, in fitting the 1993 model to frog egg-and-extract data, that we could estimate the important rate constants in the model with some confidence. One might consider these rate constant values as additional predictions of the model, since they were not, at the time, measured by independent biochemical investigations. Over the next few years, Kumagai, Dunphy and other biochemists, employing clever manipulations of frog egg extracts, provided direct measurements of many of the rate constants estimated by the model [25]. Although these biochemists were unaware of our model and certainly not intending to confirm our parameter values, their measured values are very much in line with our estimates [26].
Mathematical models allow us to navigate with confidence far from the assumptions and reach surprising conclusions
The 1993 model led to a surprising conclusion, later confirmed experimentally, that entry into mitosis is an irreversible transition because it is implemented by a molecular mechanism exhibiting bistability (an S-shaped signal-response curve). The transition is triggered by cyclin concentration exceeding a threshold for MPF activation; after the transition is made, the cell remains in a mitotic state as cyclin concentration drops in anaphase and telophase, until the reverse transition (mitosis-to-interphase) is triggered at the other turning point of the S-shaped curve. In ensuing publications, we proposed that other cell cycle transitions (such as entry into S phase and exit from mitosis) are also controlled by bistable reaction networks [27], and these predictions have been confirmed in every case [2831].
The model also predicts that spatial waves of MPF activation should propagate through multinucleate (syncytial) cells at a speed of ~50 μm per minute [19]. Although waves of mitosis traveling at the predicted speed are apparent in a 1974 film of nuclear divisions in an acellular slime mold [32], mitotic waves were only recently observed and accurately quantified by Chang and Ferrell [33] in frog egg extracts.
The interesting question now is how various molecular components collectively give rise to phenotype and physiology
Another surprising development is the recent recognition that one of the MPF-counteracting phosphatases, PP2A:B55δ, is regulated during entry into and exit from mitosis [34, 35]. This phosphatase (which we shall refer to as ‘B55’) is inhibited by the small proteins Arpp19 and endosulfine-α (which we will refer to collectively as Ensa). Ensa, in turn, is activated by phosphorylation by Greatwall kinase (Gwl), and Gwl is activated by phosphorylation by MPF (Cdc2:cyclin B) [36]. Experimental evidence suggested that B55 opposes the MPF-catalyzed phosphorylations of Wee1 and Cdc25 [34, 35] and of the APC [37], and we proposed (for theoretical reasons) that B55 is the Cdc2-counteracting phosphatase for Gwl as well. These known and predicted roles of B55 create a multitude of new positive and negative feedback loops in the network (Fig. 4a) with interesting dynamical consequences [38].
Fig. 4
The regulation of protein phosphatase 2A during mitosis. a Molecular mechanism. Adapted from figure S1 of [38]. As in earlier figures, solid arrows represent chemical reactions; dashed arrows represent catalytic activities. The T-shaped connector with black dots on the crossbar and an arrowhead on the stem represents the reversible binding of two proteins to form a heterodimer. b Signal-response curve for PP2A:B55δ. Adapted from figure 5B of [38]. For a fixed activity of MPF we plot the corresponding steady state activity of PP2A:B55δ, the phosphatase that counteracts certain MPF-driven phosphorylations. The middle branch of the Z-shaped curve corresponds to unstable steady states. c Signal-response curve for APC. Figure S4 of [38]; used by permission. For a fixed activity of MPF we plot the corresponding steady state activity of APC, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that labels cyclin B for degradation. Compare to panel (b)
Of special significance is the double-negative feedback loop between Gwl and B55, which (we propose) creates a bistable switch controlled by MPF [38]. (Let’s call it the BEG switch, for B55-Ensa-Gwl [39].) As a cell enters mitosis, B55 activity is high, and high MPF activity is required to flip the BEG switch to the state of low B55 activity. Once the switch is flipped, moderate or even low activity of MPF is enough to keep B55 activity off and APC activity on (Fig. 4b). For this reason (we propose), as cells degrade cyclin B during anaphase and telophase, they do not prematurely inactivate the APC and abort cyclin B degradation. There is experimental evidence that APC activity functions as an ultrasensitive switch [40]; we propose that, on closer examination, APC will behave as a bistable switch (Fig. 4c) [38, 37].
If we correctly understand the role of regulated B55 in entry into and exit from mitosis, then one might reasonably ask how we could have achieved such a good description of mitotic controls in frog eggs with the 1993 model, which neglected any regulation of the MPF-counteracting phosphatase. The answer seems to lie in our choice of parameter values. In the 1993 model, we introduced a Cdc2-counteracting phosphatase (called ‘PPase’ in that paper, which we now know to be B55), and assigned it a moderate activity needed to set the limits of the bistable region (Fig. 3b) created by the interactions of MPF with Wee1 and Cdc25. Meanwhile, APC activation was controlled by a time-delay mechanism through the ‘intermediary enzyme’ IE in Fig. 3a. By adjusting the parameter values in the ‘IE-APC’ part of the network we could get APC to turn on after a time delay consistent with Félix et al. [13] (Fig. 3c) and to stay on long enough to degrade most of the cyclin B during the transition from metaphase to interphase. Compared to the 1993 model, the new model [38], with regulated B55, is parametrized differently and gives a better description (we believe) of the course of events at mitosis in frog embryos.
It is worth mentioning that the BEG switch is not essential for entry into mitosis in mammalian cells [39, 41]. In this sense, our 1993 model of frog egg extracts is actually more appropriate as a model of mammalian cells than of frog eggs, for which it was intended. Or we might say it is a model of frog eggs with constitutively phosphorylated Gwl.
The BEG mechanism was discovered because it is essential for mitotic entry in frog egg extracts [36, 42]. If Gwl and/or Ensa are depleted from extracts, then nuclei are blocked in late interphase (with replicated DNA). Why, we might ask, is Ensa essential in embryos but not in somatic cells? Recall that immature oocytes must arrest in G2 phase of meiosis I, awaiting a hormonal signal to undergo maturation. In this state, they may accumulate very high levels of preMPF, but they must not enter meiotic M phase prematurely. Having a high level of PP2A:B55δ could be a fail-safe mechanism for stabilizing the arrested oocyte. But in this case, B55 activity must be down-regulated in meiosis I in order for the egg to proceed into meiosis II, which might be the role of Gwl and Ensa.
A mathematical model is a logical machine for converting assumptions into conclusions
In our experience, mathematical modeling has been an effective tool for investigating alternative hypotheses about the molecular mechanisms controlling the cell division cycle. The models showed how positive and negative feedback loops in the cyclin-MPF control system create toggle switches and oscillators that are crucial to the temporal sequencing of cell cycle events. Our 1993 model made many non-intuitive predictions about MPF activation in frog egg extracts, as described earlier. Later models of cell cycle controls in fission yeast [20, 23] and budding yeast [24] provided detailed accounts of the idiosyncratic phenotypes exhibited by mutant yeast strains, and suggested a new way to understand the irreversibility of cell cycle transitions in terms of bistable signal-response curves [27]. In most cases, the predictions of the models have been fully confirmed by subsequent experiments, as summarized in [43].
In general terms, building a model forces the modeler to lay out his or her assumptions clearly; analyzing and simulating the model determines the logical implications of these assumptions; and comparing the conclusions to experimental facts assesses the explanatory and predictive power of the mechanistic hypothesis. Where the conclusions of the model diverge from experimental facts may suggest problems with the ‘working hypotheses’ or missing components in the mechanism.
Biology is complicated enough that we surely need every tool at our disposal
If mathematical modeling is such a nifty tool, why has it taken so long for molecular biologists to incorporate it into their armamentarium? In our experience, mathematical modeling of the cell cycle was at first politely ignored, then actively opposed, and lately grudgingly accepted. Perhaps this is to be expected of any new approach that is unusual and difficult to employ. But most people are comfortable now with the realization that molecular cell biology is a complex, interdisciplinary field that requires expertise from many quarters: genetics, biochemistry, nanotechnology, image processing, and bioinformatics, for example. Modern biological research is team-based, and, where appropriate, these teams need expertise in mathematical modeling of molecular regulatory networks. This is a specialized skill, much like X-ray crystallography, molecular genetics, proteomics or super-resolution microscopy. Life science departments need to acknowledge the vital role of models in biology and hire computational biologists who can bring this tool to bear on the important and difficult problems of today and tomorrow.
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Our research on cell cycle regulation has been supported generously by the National Science Foundation (DMS-1225160) and the National Institutes of Health (R01-GM078989, Ro1-GM095955) of the USA to JJT and by EC’s Seventh Framework Programme (MitoSys/241548) and BBSRC Strategic LoLa grant (BB/MM00354X/1) to BN.
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Correspondence to Béla Novák.
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Tyson, J.J., Novák, B. Models in biology: lessons from modeling regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. BMC Biol 13, 46 (2015) doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0158-9
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• Mathematical models
• Mitosis-promoting factor
• Cell cycle checkpoints
• Regulated kinases
• Regulated phosphatases
• Regulated proteolysis | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '205', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9057416915893556}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '273310', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:UZEG5OFJZNJ4ZNBCOMCS4ZPKRZAFRXYO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7cf6a489-7323-45bf-b4ed-3f9f58ff2616>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 16, 22, 43, 33), 'WARC-IP-Address': '194.80.219.188', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:EZEXLSNG5LHEABQRQO5OXPD42CCO7BCH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:df382827-e081-42dc-be6d-56d071479bd1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://0-bmcbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0158-9', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:e3904599-7202-43c0-b415-0a6e3ce8b954>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '6361', 'url': 'https://0-bmcbiol-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s12915-015-0158-9', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-116.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03475522994995117', 'original_id': '1bf7353e82ce45bc655b36d112df8328bddd4b577ea3905444fbedafc486c1d1'} |
Members of the French police special forces RAID conduct searches on a bank of the river Rhine in Strasbourg in order to find the gunman who opened fire near a Christmas market the night before, in Strasbourg, eastern France
Text Size:AAA
AFP/Strasbourg
The 29-year-old man being sought by police over a shooting in Strasbourg lived in a small apartment in a ramshackle housing bloc and has convictions in France, Switzerland and Germany after a life of crime.
The man, identified as Cherif C. by French authorities who have not given his full name, lived in the Poteries area of Strasbourg about a 20-minute tram ride west of the centre of the French city and its Christmas market.
"It's a building for desperate people. No one wants to live there," one local, Bemba N'diaye, 37, told an AFP reporter near the nine-storey concrete bloc where Cherif's name is on a letterbox.
"People there are very isolated," N'diaye said.
Others said the man was known in the area owing to his criminal record, but he kept a low profile.
"His family has lived around here for a while, but he lived on his own nearby," Zach, a 22-year-old, said. "He was discreet, not a thug."
The suspected gunman has been sentenced an extraordinary 27 times, mostly in France where he was born, but also in Germany and Switzerland which are easily reached from Strasbourg.
His crimes range from violence to robbery, but not terrorism.
Cherif was added to a watchlist of possible extremists while in prison in France in 2015 after he "called for practising a radical form of religion," French deputy interior minister Laurent Nunez said on Wednesday.
He has since been monitored by France's domestic intelligence agency, the DGSI, which is highly stretched due to the large number of suspected extremists in France.
Some 25,000 people are currently on the "S" extremism watchlist, 9,700 of them for radicalism "linked mainly to Islamist terror movements," according to the interior ministry.
"He is an individual who has unfortunately been known for a very long time for crime," Interior Minister Christophe Castaner told French MPs on Wednesday.
"From the age of 10, his behaviour was already criminal. He had his first sentence at 13 years old," Castaner said.
On his identity card, seen by an AFP reporter, the suspect has dark eyes, black hair and a short beard.
Police had tried to detain Cherif on Tuesday morning in connection with an attempted murder enquiry, but he was not at home, Nunez told France Inter radio on Wednesday.
A grenade, four knives and a rifle were found during a search of his apartment, prosecutors have said.
He is "known for a number of criminal offences (...) but has never been linked to terrorist offences," Nunez added.
German authorities were on the lookout for the fugitive on Wednesday "along the Rhine" river which serves as the border between France and Germany, a spokesman from the Baden-Wuerttemberg region said.
"But at the moment we do not believe that he has crossed into the country," he added.
According to Germany's Tagesspiegel newspaper, Cherif broke into a dentist practice in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate state, in 2012, making away with cash, stamps and gold used for teeth fillings.
Four years later, he targeted a pharmacy in the Lake Constance town of Engen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, pocketing cash. He served a year behind bars in 2016 before being expelled back to France. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '666c15b84af896ac2568ba88aa586a9cb657bcdd7b2c1be2880b1d29217e4fee'} |
nvme-detach-ns(1)
=================
NAME
----
nvme-detach-ns - Send NVMe detach namespace, return result.
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'nvme detach-ns' <device> [--namespace-id=<nsid> | -n <nsid>]
[--controllers=<ctrl-list,> | -c <ctrl-list,>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
For the NVMe device given, sends the nvme namespace detach command for
the provided namespace identifier, attaching to the provided list of
controller identifiers.
OPTIONS
-------
-n <nsid>::
--namespace-id=<nsid>::
The namespace identifier to detach.
-c <ctrl-list,>::
-controllers=<ctrl-list,>::
The comma separated list of controller identifiers to detach
the namespace from.
EXAMPLES
--------
No examples yet.
NVME
----
Part of the nvme-user suite
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '4952a46b2fe8d25a25698fb80e2fea8f8c2e8b42dcc2ee277ce9fcb256cc797b'} |
We Are The Happy Baby People
Medical professionals agree that “fussy” babies are still “healthy” babies. Since the beginning of time, everyone on the planet has accepted as fact that nursing difficulties, reflux, indigestion, gas, colic, constipation, sleep issues and infant distress are inevitable consequences of the human condition. People also recognize that some babies grow up with neurological developmental delays, and many later develop common childhood and adult diseases such as earaches, asthma and headaches. That is just the way life is.
But what if most newborns are tight due to in-utero, labor, and delivery physical and/or emotional traumas?
What if a specific score can help identify their impaired neurophysiology at birth?
What if a specific therapy can help loosen their tiny bodies to restore optimal function and possibly avoid a lifetime of suffering?
Then, imagine a world where medical professionals would acknowledge “healthy and happy babies” as the standard of care for infants.
Babies would relax, be content and sleep peacefully.
Irritating “food tube” issues such as feeding difficulties, reflux, indigestion, gas, colic and constipation would be rare.
Babies would have their best opportunity to thrive and reach their optimal cognitive potential to think, understand, reason, learn, perceive, remember, and focus/concentrate as children and adults.
Many childhood conditions such as earaches, asthma, and headaches would be rare.
Children would have the opportunity to grow up to be the very best they could be.
Now is the time for this world to become a global reality.
Even though Gillespie Approach–Craniosacral Fascial Therapy corrected many fussiness issues such as nursing, colic and reflux, we were surprised that mothers rarely mentioned their resolution. They said only that their babies were happy.
We discovered that we were not in the business of correcting infant illnesses but were in the happy-baby business.
We are The Happy Baby People.
Dr. Barry Gillespie | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9711254835128784}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '128365', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:A3FTV6HVIXBZPR5J2BQ5S7Z27FYG6CWD', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:2fa0ac9e-3582-4591-9900-36cc30badb48>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 17, 1, 2, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.124.249.158', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:5CG6C5PVM2IHPVI3L4RYJEYSMYP7Z276', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:c07c8ce7-74cb-4d9f-82ef-97f4046bbdd1>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.gillespieapproach.com/we-are-the-happy-baby-people/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d5204ce-63ad-4db0-9fde-8f83c8f2e382>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '306', 'url': 'https://www.gillespieapproach.com/we-are-the-happy-baby-people/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-254.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4911709427833557', 'original_id': '41d31bc9070da4838aa4e65b3f54f98005c177d8133753f33a8969a1dd8a4191'} |
UCLA basketball players fly back to U.S. after shoplifting scandal in China
Eric Barnett
LaVar Ball's oldest son, Lonzo, starred for the Bruins last season before being drafted No. 2 overall by the Los Angeles Lakers, and his highly touted youngest son, 16-year-old LaMelo, has already been ticketed to follow in his brothers' footsteps and play for UCLA.
UCLA freshmen LiAngelo Ball, Jalen Hill and Cody Riley were swarmed by reporters at Los Angeles International Airport as the trio returned to the US from China, where they were arrested for shoplifting. LiAngelo Ball, Cody Riley, and Jalen Hill were accused of stealing sunglasses from a Louis Vuitton store.
Pac-12 Commissioner Larry Scott said the incident involving the three students "has been resolved to the satisfaction of the Chinese authorities", AP reported.
The UCLA basketball freshmen were arrested November 7 morning local time in Hangzhou, China.
Trump told reporters Tuesday that Xi had been helpful in working to resolve the case.
Tuesday evening saw the players making their way through a media scrum after landing at Los Angeles International Airport. The players did not respond to any questions and said nothing as they loaded onto a bus. You're talking about very long prison sentences.
"Before I thank everybody who worked so incredibly hard helping us returning home safely, I want to thank the Chinese government and the police for taking care of us".
The effort was successful as the three players returned home late Tuesday afternoon, where they may be disciplined by the school as a result of the global scandal. "We are grateful for the role that our Chinese hosts played, and for the courtesy and professionalism of the local authorities".
UCLA says the school will launch its own investigation to decide whether or not to discipline the players, but a suspension of some sorts will probably be handed down if had to guess.
"I want to be clear that we take seriously any violations of the law", he said.
Makers wrap up Tiger Zinda Hai shootNov 14, 2017 - 00:46
On Monday morning, Salman tweeted the picture from the last day on the sets of Tiger Zinda Hai where in action mode. The film marks Salman's first collaboration with Remo, who has earlier directed films like ABCD and A Flying Jatt.
Indonesia, South Korea Upgrade Strategic PartnershipNov 13, 2017 - 00:48
The two leaders met on the sidelines of the two-day Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum summit that began the previous day. Moon's trip to the region also came amid efforts to greatly improve South Korea's relations with Asean.
Pixel 2 XL handsets now affected by display flashes upon unlockNov 12, 2017 - 01:58
After weeks of discussion, recent user comments suggest there is a temporary fix for the issue - blowing into the bottom speaker. Likewise, device owners have reported the issues persists regardless of which brand of headphones are used.
Saudi Arabia Is Now At War With Iran on Four FrontsNov 11, 2017 - 01:04
He has postponed a visit to Kuwait and directed military and security agencies "to maintain stability", it said. Hezbollah's first priority is to achieve victory in Syria, to make sure the Ba'ath regime prevails there.
Walmart Black Friday 2017 ad leakedNov 11, 2017 - 00:52
Below are the some of the top Black Friday deals retailers are now advertising, according to Best Black Friday. Hours: Store hours still haven't been posted for Thanksgiving Day and Black Friday .
Doctor Who's New Doctor Has a New OutfitNov 10, 2017 - 01:00
Comic artist Patrick Goddard shared an early drawing he did of the costume, which he shared with the Doctor Who costume designer. Released this morning via the Beeb's official Doctor Who Twitter account, the unexpected image quickly gained global attention.
Obama gets dismissed from jury duty in ChicagoNov 09, 2017 - 01:12
Did you know I was coming?" he asked one man who held a copy of Obama's "Dreams From My Father". Theoretically, every USA citizen over the age of 18 could be called for jury duty.
Target won't keep stores open all night on ThanksgivingNov 07, 2017 - 01:08
The moves put the spotlight on Walmart , which has yet to disclose its strategy for the critical Black Friday promotional period. That's a change from previous years, when stores stayed open throughout the night and into Friday. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6637d6ca3a193e2dc23d4fc412f2d85db4c8a70afb701dbe488d0596ac08c5b8'} |
What is claimed is:
1. An upper for an article of footwear, the upper comprising: a flat knit textile element having flat knit edges free of surrounding textile structure such that the flat knit edges are not surrounded by textile structure from which the flat knit textile element must be removed, at least one flat knit edge being a curved flat knit edge; and an exterior layer and an interior layer, the interior layer being at least partially formed from the flat knit textile element and comprising a material having moisture-wicking capabilities.
2. The upper of claim 1, wherein the upper further comprises an intermediate layer between the exterior layer and the interior layer.
3. The upper of claim 1, wherein the flat knit textile element forms at least a portion of a lateral side, a medial side, and an instep region of the upper.
4. The upper of claim 1, wherein at least two flat knit edges are joined together form a seam extending longitudinally along a lower region of the upper.
5. The upper of claim 4, wherein the seam extends vertically in a heel region of the upper.
6. The upper of claim 1, wherein the flat knit textile element has a plurality of different knitted textures formed by varying at least one of knit construction and yarn type.
7. The upper of claim 6, wherein the flat knit textile element has a first area with a first knit construction and a second area with a second knit construction.
8. The upper of claim 7, wherein the first knit construction includes apertures that extend through the flat knit textile element.
9. The upper of claim 6, wherein at least one knitted texture is substantially smooth.
10. An article of footwear comprising: an upper comprising: a flat knit textile element having flat knit edges free of surrounding textile structure such that the flat knit edges are not surrounded by textile structure from which the flat knit textile element must be removed, at least one flat knit edge being a curved flat knit edge; and an exterior layer and an interior layer, the interior layer being at least partially formed from the flat knit textile element and comprising a material having moisture-wicking capabilities; and a sole structure secured to the upper.
11. The article of footwear of claim 10, wherein the upper further comprises an intermediate layer between the exterior layer and the interior layer.
12. The article of footwear of claim 10, wherein the flat knit textile element forms at least a portion of a lateral side, a medial side, and an instep region of the upper.
13. The article of footwear of claim 10, wherein at least two flat knit edges are joined together form a seam extending longitudinally along a lower region of the upper.
14. The article of footwear of claim 13, wherein the seam extends vertically in a heel region of the upper.
15. The article of footwear of claim 10, wherein the flat knit textile element has a plurality of different knitted textures formed by varying at least one of knit construction and yarn type.
16. The article of footwear of claim 15, wherein the flat knit textile element has a first area with a first knit construction and a second area with a second knit construction.
17. The article of footwear of claim 16, wherein the first knit construction includes apertures that extend through the flat knit textile element.
18. The article of footwear of claim 15, wherein at least one knitted texture is substantially smooth..
| common_corpus | {'identifier': 'US-201715664650-A_2', 'collection': 'USPTO', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '2017.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '594', 'token_count': '736', '__index_level_0__': '48149', 'original_id': '512733f86d94bc194b979612961b1fabbf4845b9167648275cf39aa24d85f4aa'} |
From Newerth: Savage Wiki
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Template:TOCright Note: The official information can be found here. The zizard, wolf and gorgan are not used. The kongor is rarely used cause it's unfinished. What's listed here is the ingame experience.
The NPCs serve one purpose, to die. They are slaughtered for gold. Beast players can kill nearly any npc with carnivorous. Humans can use the free weapons to soften up most npcs before giving the final blow (incinerator). Grind them till you can buy a legionaire, cause legionaires can melee most of the npcs with ease, just stay out of their melee range and swing at them with the axe.
[edit] Working NPC (commonly encountered)
[edit] Chiprel
Image:chiprel.jpg Chiprels are small aggressive rocks throwing rodents that infest the land. All units can take out a chiprel in one melee swing with the exception of a Chaplain, but with their limited amount of loot and stamina/health recovery, it isn't worth going out of your way to kill them. They play more of a comedic role than anything else.
[edit] Oschore
Oschores are large grazing birds that live in flocks, and are easily angered if approached. Oschores are NPCs that can be very annoying at the beginning of the game. They only take two melee attacks from a scavenger or a nomad, however, because of their very fast retaliation swing, you will most likely get hurt before killing them and only being rewarded with a measly 300 gold. However, later in the game, they become very easy to kill, as a level 4 or above Savage or Stalker can kill them in one hit, and a Legionnaire or Predator can kill them in one shot regardless of level. Because of this, Predators use them as stationary stamina refueling if the predator is using rabid.
[edit] Monkit
Monkits are semi-intelligent primates that fight with simple spears, and are hostile to nearly all creatures unlike themselves.
They are essentially free gold, because of how easy they are to kill for any kind of player. To kill them, they require only 2 melee attacks from either a Nomad or a Scavenger. It also takes 2 swings from a Stalker or a Savage to kill them, and they are killed with one stroke by level 4 and higher Predators and Legionnaires. They give 600 gold which is very good for such a fast kill. However, they can be deadly to Nomads and Scavengers if they happen to attack you before you realize it. They are relatively aggressive, and will attack you pretty fast. If you see that they are going to throw an arrow at you when you are a human, block until you get close enough to it to melee it. NEVER try to shoot a monkit to death unless you have amazing aim, your attacks will almost never hit since they are very hard to hit when they are strafing. Because of their high accuracy and dodging abilities, new players are killed often by them even though they should have been an easy kill.
[edit] Gerkat
Gerkats are very fast moving feline carnivores that prey on large and small creatures. Out of all of the npcs , Gerkats are most likely the most annoying npcs to face in the beginning of the game, especially for beasts, because of their lack of blocks. They can kill a nomad or scavanger in about 4 shots, and because they are extremely aggressive and because the whole pack of 3 or more will attack you at the same time, you will most likely be killed if you attack them alone. The only part about them that makes them easy to kill is the fact that even though they will attack you originally at fast speeds, there is a delay time in between their attacks which allows you to attack four times before they attack again, which is enough to kill them.
[edit] Mudent
Mudents are half wild animal and half humanoid. They shun contact with all creatures, use primitive clubs, and are very strong for their size. However, because they are very slow and have a very small attack range, it is possible to melee them to death with either a Predator or a Legionnaire as long as you hit them with the very end of your axe/claw. It takes 5 melee hits from a Predator or Legionnaire to kill them.They have 1000hp.
[edit] Bearloth
Bearloths are strong and territorial creatures who often live in cold or secluded locations. They are covered with a thick fur, are very strong, and attack with ferocity.
[edit] Kongor
Kongors are the dominant predators of the Savage Age, a giant primate, capable of massive blows and trampling their enemies underfoot. Kongors look like they would be amazingly hard to kill, however, they will be. Their melee is bugged, but will be fixed in XR 1.0.
[edit] Bugged/incomplete NPC (rare)
[edit] Zizard
Zizards are dim witted, thick scaled omnivorous lizards that are often found bathing in the sun, or eating anything they can catch. Zizards are rarely seen on maps though, so the chances of even encountering one is low. They aren't really implemented ingame yet, tho plans are on having these little lizards in XR 1.0.
[edit] Wolf
Wolves are predator canines that live in packs and attack those who encroach upon their territory. However, Wolves were not added to the final game and are therefore never seen in game. XR may implement them, since they're really only gerkat with a skin change.
[edit] Gorgan
Gorgans are giant wild men who no longer resemble their human ancestors. They are immensely strong, hardy, and hostile to all creatures big and small. However, Gorgans were not added to the final game and are therefore never seen in game.
[edit] Hornman
There is no Image or a model file of the Hornman but it is in the code! It is a NPC that was never used in Savage and its only in the code and if you'll get changed from an admin to a npc_hornman you're just a shadow.
[edit] Hunched Beast
Just like the Hornman, there is no image or model file of the Hunched Beast, but it exists in the code and if you get changed to a npc_hunchedbeast you will be a shadow only, too. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.968034565448761}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '23826', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:SYWEB6PWGIP5CMLUQGOAQ5VKYPT6ZTIB', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4e307372-b71a-41c5-8bb7-ca680197877a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 23, 0, 20, 21), 'WARC-IP-Address': '87.117.228.107', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:Z3CU4SEDSADFBFPZQ7U7R2RONO25SMVE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3ada3a45-894c-4b5e-8197-a47a138fd6b6>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.newerth.com/wiki/index.php?title=NPCs', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7026e7c7-c8c0-4dbf-9565-b7dd0e9c1ecd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1037', 'url': 'http://www.newerth.com/wiki/index.php?title=NPCs', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-167-8-186.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.29956138134002686', 'original_id': '95c5579e0e96ecf86f12a51a2c77d36f000140459d3bd8ffeeebdcb5caab4d3c'} |
/**
* PANDA 3D SOFTWARE
* Copyright (c) Carnegie Mellon University. All rights reserved.
*
* All use of this software is subject to the terms of the revised BSD
* license. You should have received a copy of this license along
* with this source code in a file named "LICENSE."
*
* @file pandaFileStreamBuf.h
* @author drose
* @date 2008-09-08
*/
#ifndef PANDAFILESTREAMBUF_H
#define PANDAFILESTREAMBUF_H
#include "dtoolbase.h"
#ifdef USE_PANDAFILESTREAM
#if defined(_WIN32)
#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN 1
#endif
#include <windows.h>
#endif
/**
* The streambuf object that implements pifstream and pofstream.
*/
class EXPCL_DTOOL_DTOOLUTIL PandaFileStreamBuf : public std::streambuf {
public:
PandaFileStreamBuf();
virtual ~PandaFileStreamBuf();
void open(const char *filename, std::ios::openmode mode);
#ifdef _WIN32
void attach(const char *filename, HANDLE handle, std::ios::openmode mode);
#else
void attach(const char *filename, int fd, std::ios::openmode mode);
#endif
bool is_open() const;
void close();
enum NewlineMode {
NM_native,
NM_binary,
NM_msdos,
NM_unix,
NM_mac,
};
static NewlineMode _newline_mode;
protected:
virtual std::streampos seekoff(std::streamoff off, ios_seekdir dir, ios_openmode which);
virtual std::streampos seekpos(std::streampos pos, ios_openmode which);
virtual int overflow(int c);
virtual int sync();
virtual int underflow();
private:
size_t read_chars(char *start, size_t length);
size_t write_chars(const char *start, size_t length);
size_t read_chars_raw(char *start, size_t length);
size_t write_chars_raw(const char *start, size_t length);
size_t decode_newlines(char *dest, size_t dest_length,
const char *source, size_t source_length);
size_t encode_newlines_msdos(char *dest, size_t dest_length,
const char *source, size_t source_length);
size_t encode_newlines_unix(char *dest, size_t dest_length,
const char *source, size_t source_length);
size_t encode_newlines_mac(char *dest, size_t dest_length,
const char *source, size_t source_length);
private:
std::string _filename;
bool _is_open;
std::ios::openmode _open_mode;
char _last_read_nl;
#ifdef _WIN32
HANDLE _handle;
#else
int _fd; // Posix file descriptor
#endif // _WIN32
char *_buffer;
std::streampos _ppos;
std::streampos _gpos;
};
EXPCL_DTOOL_DTOOLUTIL std::ostream &
operator << (std::ostream &out, PandaFileStreamBuf::NewlineMode newline_mode);
EXPCL_DTOOL_DTOOLUTIL std::istream &
operator >> (std::istream &in, PandaFileStreamBuf::NewlineMode &newline_mode);
#endif // USE_PANDAFILESTREAM
#endif
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '60a526b334f15445f949944c8fce6680472a81ca0c66d6f571c9b88fcc4659f8'} |
Copyright © 2019 Transmit Security, all rights reserved. Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy
This Privacy Policy is meant to help you understand what information the Transmit Security application collects and why your information is collected.
The Transmit Security application can be provisioned by you to engage with a company with which you choose to engage with and who is hosting the Transmit server (the “Company”).
Transmit Security does not have any access to any information sent by you to a Company.
Information that is collected and sent to the Company by the application.
1. Any information explicitly input by you to the application is sent to the Company by the application except for the following which is never sent by the application to the Company:
1. Passwords used to unlock a TOTP (time-based one-time password) generator
2. Fingerprint biometrics
3. On iOS - FaceID biometrics
4. Locally registered PIN, Pattern
2. The information collected from the device subject to your consent includes location and Bluetooth paired device information.
3. Also, additional information is collected as follows:
1. Device configuration: identifying whether the device is jailbroken or rooted, has a frontal camera, device model and make, OS version and type, SIM Serial Number (on certain devices), one way hash of device name, known wifi networks, bluetooth and wifi Mac addresses as reported by the OS, SIM operator name and number, whether the screen lock is enabled, local IP of the device, time zone configured on the device, and device biometric DB one-way-hash.
2. A unique device identifier that persists across uninstall/reinstall of the application. This device identifier cannot be correlated with identifiers that may be sent by additional applications on the device.
3. List of errors encountered by the application running on the device.
4. One-way hash of information on installed applications and social network accounts.
5. On Android: SafetyNet diagnostics information.
6. Information on device capabilities: available biometric authenticators, image acquisition capabilities, audio acquisition capabilities, SE/TEE presence.
7. List of locally enrolled authenticators (such as PIN, Password, Fingerprint) without any authentication data.
Compliance & Cooperation with Regulators
We regularly review this Privacy Policy and make sure that our application processes your information in ways that comply with it.
Data Transfers
When we receive formal written complaints, we respond by contacting the person who made the complaint. We work with the appropriate regulatory authorities, including local data protection authorities to resolve any complaints regarding the transfer of your data we cannot resolve with you directly. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '77', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8960334062576294}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '370446', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2WAQS3HYXERYHUFUPNTIJUNDKFM4HGMK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8334e216-dbaa-4b38-b3cf-f35246e5bd04>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 9, 50, 54), 'WARC-IP-Address': '185.230.60.195', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XYQZB32I2G7QCCEXMIPCPKUAMM6XPGGV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:b1c15a31-7890-40aa-b468-3620223043de>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.transmitsecurity.com/privacy-policy-standalone-app', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dbbad579-5c25-46ab-8ee8-1a299ba616cd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '472', 'url': 'https://www.transmitsecurity.com/privacy-policy-standalone-app', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-116.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025188744068145752', 'original_id': '082a4e1d46dbcddc016463301e8f10d6add8f343a7b40ce5201967f21c05178f'} |
Just when you think you’ve heard it all from this evil troll who claims to be some sort of Christian prophet, Pat Robertson, is now absolving his flock of opposite gender divorce if it gets too inconvenient due to sickness. Follow the promise made in the marriage vows of “in sickness and in health?” Nah, not if you are in a Fundamentalist Christian endorsed opposite sex marriage.
During the portion of the show where the one-time Republican presidential candidate takes questions from viewers, Robertson was asked what advice a man should give to a friend who began seeing another woman after his wife started suffering from the incurable neurological disorder. “I know it sounds cruel, but if he’s going to do something, he should divorce her and start all over again, but make sure she has custodial care and somebody looking after her,” Robertson said. The chairman of the Christian Broadcasting Network, which airs the “700 Club,” said he wouldn’t “put a guilt trip” on anyone who divorces a spouse who suffers from the illness, but added, “Get some ethicist besides me to give you the answer.”
Can you just imagine the judgment that would be rained down upon our LGBT community if we claimed divorce was justified if our spouses became ill to the point it became inconvenient to stay with them? Robertson is right in one respect; it most certainly sounds cruel. In fact, I would go so far to say it is selfish, self centered and cruel to divorce one’s spouse if the one who is ill has not made any kind of provision to release the other from that promised to be there in sickness and in health.
The only way I could begin to justify divorce due to sickness is if the two came to an understanding initiated by the sick spouse that the healthy partner was to move on with their lives when the sick person became incapacitated. Of course, we have to remember this exhortation to dodge the matrimonial promises comes from Pat Robertson who claims it is a sin to not follow the Bible’s every word and commandment which leads us to some major hypocrisy.
Robertson speculates that having Alzheimer’s is “a kind of death,” which would seem at odds with the the hue and cry he raised over the Terri Schiavo case.
Pat Robertson echoed Dobson’s statements. “The judiciary is out of control,” he told the network, adding that he hopes Republicans use the so-called “nuclear option” to stop [liberal/progressive] fillibustering that has prevented the naming of several high-level judges who are not committed to liberalism and rewriting the constitution of the United States–judges who are not committed to making evil good and good evil. Previously, Robertson had said the judicial rulings in the Terri Schiavo case amounted to “judicial execution.” Added the evangelist: “A convicted cop-killer wouldn’t have gotten treatment like this. It’s outrageous.”
So, if you are brain dead then you aren’t dead, but if you have Altheimer’s you are dead?
Nice defender of marriage. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '7f1ce2ff7428f32248f18dc886a255efddd453526cc6b38445b34d0a6c971a99'} |
Natural Appetite Suppressant 5 Htp
Natural Appetite Suppressant 5 Htp
If you ask me, there is actually really a single way to drop weight and keep slim. A healthy and balanced lifestyle! That suggests a lot of exercise, well-balanced consuming and a lot of leisure. Of course people consistently exist, which pound you along with wonder supplements, along with which you may effortlessly and quickly reduce weight. Capsules along with acai berry, fresh herbal tea essence and capsaicin have all resided in the spotlight. There is actually now a brand new magic slimming agent along with the unique title: Garcinia cambogia extract!
Obviously I was actually extremely interested about this weight loss item and also I began researching. After reading this article you could choose yourself whether Garcinia Cambogia costs it or otherwise! Garcinia cambogia extract is actually Classical for guttree tree. This is actually determined that there are actually between FIFTY and also 300 variants of the tree. Initially, the Garcinia Cambogia comes from the sweltering rainforests of Africa, yet these are actually currently primarily cultivated in South East Asia. The tree on its own develops extremely gradually and grows 2 or 3 times a year. Coming from the blooms the fruits arise that are about.
Appetite Suppressant Without Caffeine
The fruit products appear like little pumpkins. They may be red, yellowish or even greenish in color. The skin layer from the fruit can be up to 1.5 centimeters thick. Under the shell you will definitely locate as much as 8 seed furs that are actually extremely juicy. The preference is actually a little acid and also may be compared with lychee. In Oriental cuisine, this flavor is actually referred to as tamarind and also utilized in soup or even chutney. Garcinia cambogia extract received its own first name in the 90s. A lot of studies had actually concluded that the energetic material HCA induces weight reduction in pets.
However, the popularity from Garcinia Cambogia rapidly dropped, after a major research was posted in the Journal from the American Medical Affiliation in 1998, which stated that the effective weight loss item had no result on individuals (resource ). In the observing years numerous studies seemed on Garcinia Cambogia, along with other conclusions. The popularity therefore reduced considerably, until a handful of years ago PHYSICIAN Ounces received entailed and his approval expressed for this panacea!
4 Week Fat Burner
Dr. Oz is the speaker from some of the largest and also best watched wellness receive United States and also is co-produced through Oprah Winfrey. Each are understood for their genuine as well as excellent quality courses. He will certainly not simply throw out his online reputation, due to the fact that he is likewise an instructor at Columbia University in Nyc. This university is actually placed as amount 4 on earth. This was as a result certainly not peculiar that after the program about Garcinia Cambogia, the visit here purchase took off! Additionally Europe obtained air off this and so the hype occurred around Garcinia Cambogia.
The substance that is about the fruit product is HCA, or Hydroxy Citric Acid. You could discover this substance in the covering! Therefore if you only eat the flesh, you obtain all kinds of minerals and vitamins, yet barely the energetic ingredient HCA. Particular chemicals in the liver trigger carbohydrates to be converted into excess fat. This body fat is stashed in the fatty tissue tissues. If this happens frequently, the big cells will certainly expand and become obese.
Vinegar Pills Weight Loss
HCA shuts out the chemicals that change carbohydrates in to body fats. Carbohydrates are actually then turned directly into power and so fatty tissue storage is shut out. Garcinia cambogia extract can thus be actually seen as an actual body fat blocker! All these beneficial results can guarantee that you could achieve 2 to 3 opportunities faster outcomes, but just if you also consume well-balanced as well as work out adequately, says Dr. Chen.
With outcomes achieved that indicated not lose a lot weight, yet a lesser fat deposits versus muscle mass. This is actually an essential simple fact, considering that people typically keep their end results on a scale, while the fat amount is really so much more important. Given that muscular tissues are much larger compared to body fat, it is feasible that when you utilize Garcinia cambogia extract you barely reduce weight, but you do have a healthier body as well as you may likewise view this in the looking glass and can easily observe your midsection.
Weight Loss Using Treadmill
In conclusion very excellent. Could this certainly not be actually the suitable slimming representative, which most of us have been eagerly anticipating for as long, or do we overlook something? Although Garcinia Cambogia Extract is so all-natural, this performs not imply that when that is actually used improperly, it does not possess any kind of consequences. Just in case of poor use of Garcinia cambogia extract, all kinds of unpleasant adverse effects may take place. The many bad expertises that could be located on the internet program verification of this particular.
It is actually possible that the fat blockers are certainly not digested correctly and so wind up straight in the intestines. Undigested food will offer fuel and cause bloating. Since fat is actually shut out, a huge portion of body fat can easily continue to be in the tummy. Excessive excess fat in the stomach may create nausea and inevitably vomiting. Only when the body fats have vanished off the belly will definitely the queasiness vanish.
Given that more body fat is released, there is actually even more possibility from excess fats that continue to float frantically with your physical body. This could lead to irrepressible looseness of the bowels, which of course can more about the author be incredibly humiliating sometimes. The vitamins A, D, E and also K are fat-soluble vitamins. Due To The Fact That Garcinia cambogia extract are actually fatty tissue blockers, these vitamins will additionally be actually much less able to accomplish their task. This can easily lower your protection, experience evening loss of sight or brittle bones.
What\'S In Garcinia Cambogia
There are actually supplements which contain a quite low portion of HCA. There is actually also a situation with 0% HCA. This is actually advised to utilize a supplement that contains a minimum of 60 percent HCA as well as performs not be composed entirely from calcium mineral salts. Likewise examine whether blood potassium (K) as well as/ or magnesium mineral (Mg) appears. If the product possesses a low lactone content, it is actually also beneficial. The ideal dose is 1.5 grams from pure Garcinia cambogia extract each day, spread over 3 opportunities. If your supplement includes 60% HCA, at that point you will have to consume 3 times 0.8 or 0.9 grams at once.
This means that the supplement is ideal taken 30 to 60 minutes before each dish. For example, HCA possesses the time view it now to carry out its own job just before all kinds of various other look at this nutrients arrive. Although HCA is thus organic, it could interfere with the impacts of medicine. In case of uncertainty, constantly contact the general practitioner browse around here or a phytotherapist initially. Although the proof for the function from HCA is certainly not bountiful, that carries out certainly not imply that it can certainly not work for you. Garcinia cambogia extract can be an excellent method in order to get a more healthy body fat percentage, but at that point it should be made use of in an appropriate way.
Performed you know that research study has shown that 2 out of 3 folks after a diet, promptly back to outdated weight? This is consequently significant to make healthy and balanced improvements in your lifestyle, which you can easily maintain throughout your lifestyle, without the yo-yo effect still having a chance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '7', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9616265892982484}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '18562', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:BBB63OMOAEDF7CA7WJLT6RGLNLDTBN6Y', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4732ed60-f9cd-445b-9f08-e7aa4dea94e1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 19, 26, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.18.46.134', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZRGXTMV4E6DP6D2HP7ORRLFMY42TCO2D', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:556dcc5c-7528-4a17-8c06-1a9fdba25d83>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://free-herbal-diet-pills.com/natural-appetite-suppressant-5-htp-348', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5c3e0cb1-1aee-4a47-9656-532f36f0f8de>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1322', 'url': 'http://free-herbal-diet-pills.com/natural-appetite-suppressant-5-htp-348', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-150-135-54.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01966768503189087', 'original_id': 'e4de4866214d5b70aebfb3bfec72e4ab88ac16cb51c40e5e1d30217b94e07d83'} |
The Atmos Hermes Clock Boasts a Striking Futuristic Aesthetic
- Dec 7, 2013
References: jaeger-lecoultre & uncrate
The Atmos Hermes Clock doesn't look like a timepiece so much as it does a futuristic device for something either really good or really evil. It's a good thing that it is a clock that is only meant to tell time. Taking on an orb shape and covered in perforations, the Atmos Hermes Clock is a visually striking design that would become the center of attention in any commercial or residential space.
A collaboration between Hermes, Jaeger-LeCoultre and Saint-Louis, the Atmos Hermes Clock encloses an Atmos clock, the world's only mechanical timepiece that does not require any winding from a human hand, in a crystal globe. According to Uncrate, "it uses changes in the surrounding temperature to interact with a gas-filled capsule that expands and contracts to wind the movement." | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9236849546432496}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '47097', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:AIWLXUSZRDCWYYGMFJROYNG4BIIM7QTH', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:7d024d19-b0e1-4d95-bdca-734e42800313>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 8, 48, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '72.21.91.109', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:R7OLC3JXTNY2AL6CJ23DECVJCC6EYDEC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:38176911-2f18-40bc-8e9a-3bbe57e391ec>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/atmos-hermes-clock', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:3dcc0747-a6cf-4251-9d23-72f46db3757d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '143', 'url': 'https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/atmos-hermes-clock', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-230-39-145.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4162084460258484', 'original_id': 'f2eaeb14a02f4c95154b10efe431a9d2efc8979fa4079b1d42a8c576b68d9289'} |
A frightful diagnosis
Paper Rating: Word Count: 531 Approx Pages: 2
"I am sorry to inform you, but your child has a brain tumor. The world begins to fall down around the parent or loved one that hears these words. A brain tumor can be a tragic diagnosis that can affect anyone at any age. Depending on the type and grade of the tumor, the patient may have different treatment options. A positive attitude can greatly improve the quality of life for anyone with a brain tumor.
There are two major groups of brain tumors. First, there are benign brain tumors. They are not cancerous and can usually be cured by surgery. Benign tumors grow extremely slowly and may take years to fully develop. They are also known to reoccur after being cured (Brain Tumor 1).
The other type is a malignant brain tumor. These tumors ar... Continue Reading | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9495795369148254}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '73532', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LI2H5QXNQDH3NMZCUCDNPOH6XYXWCEUI', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ceacc744-a2c4-4e2a-be99-48332689ff36>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 17, 42, 38), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.23.16.142', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VN2KGG73EWWMAFRL6UCTRPO7IS4TIZX4', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:de7aa5ae-15df-4900-b63a-4418a4b626fd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/43989.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:14638af4-a7dc-4889-8e53-8a3b827c81db>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '147', 'url': 'http://www.exampleessays.com/viewpaper/43989.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5673168301582336', 'original_id': '35e247970e53c352f4b5b2a22102fa84504eea89c6a4b02fb1f25e3eacb76406'} |
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Pilot Error, Wind Shear in T-1 Accident: According to the executive summary of the Accident Investigation Board that reviewed the May 21 crash-landing of a T-1A Jayhawk at a commercial airport in Lubbock, Tex., there were two main causes: windshear and pilot error. The summary cited the "severe windshear" that hit the aircraft as it was turning on a circling approach to the airport as the first reason causing the aircraft "to descend rapidly and land short." Second, said the summary, there were "multiple pilot errors." The mishap instructor pilot and mishap first pilot, both assigned to the 47th Flying Training Wing at Laughlin AFB, Tex., were on a mission qualification training flight to familiarize the MFP with the area for his role as a new IP. The AIB listed the pilot faults as "ignoring warnings, poor mission planning, inattention, complacency, lack of procedural knowledge, and restricted vision," which the AIB said "combined together to place the aircraft in the dangerous weather environment." The Air Force estimated aircraft damage at $3.7 million, with another $41,000 needed to remove fuel-contaminated soil at the airport. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.96662038564682}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '103336', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:NA7VJEUI4ZZ63SJYQICQWZ56UERRJA7H', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bd806fce-5450-4d0b-afe6-5f894d71cc2a>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 30, 17, 28, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '138.91.114.205', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ZFL7TSS4A2JQPOLIKV72A2OW5S4QDRP3', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:927b2e4a-5ab0-43dc-ad2b-68e2ff0a4a35>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.airforcemag.com/DRArchive/Pages/2008/November%202008/November%2010%202008/PilotError,WindShearinT-1Accident.aspx', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:aba15045-dfd4-4f11-adec-971499e72cc6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '184', 'url': 'http://www.airforcemag.com/DRArchive/Pages/2008/November%202008/November%2010%202008/PilotError,WindShearinT-1Accident.aspx', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.033666372299194336', 'original_id': '77ed6ff13bdc8aa29d6bf0b461d18cb4beb4167a99a4cb095007a5d2521c7d5b'} |
The counterparty has called looking for this confirmation. Can someone please review for credit approval and inform Stephanie Piwetz when approved so we can send the confirmation to the counterparty.
Thanks!
-----Original Message-----
From: Cason, Sharen
Sent: Monday, October 29, 2001 3:40 PM
To: Brown, Kortney; Conwell, Wendy; Gonzalez, Veronica; Ngo, Tracy; Radous, Paul; Rance, Susan; Sacks, Edward; Sager, Elizabeth
Subject: East deal 845214
Please review for credit approval.
Thanks!
845214 | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'dffb577b498a6aa5e6136042a50188c5cc1811067188ffabd8740996b53e5c5d'} |
Q:
Getting type mismatch exception in scala
Hi I am trying UDAF with spark scala. I am getting the following exception.
Description Resource Path Location Type type mismatch; found : scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[Any] required: String SumCalc.scala /filter line 63 Scala Problem
This is my code.
override def evaluate(buffer: Row): Any = {
val in_array = buffer.getAs[WrappedArray[String]](0);
var finalArray = Array.empty[Array[String]]
import scala.util.control.Breaks._
breakable {
for (outerArray <- in_array) {
val currentTimeStamp = outerArray(1).toLong
var sum = 0.0
var count = 0
var check = false
var list = outerArray
for (array <- in_array) {
val toCheckTimeStamp = array(1).toLong
if (((currentTimeStamp - 10L) <= toCheckTimeStamp) && (currentTimeStamp >= toCheckTimeStamp)) {
sum += array(5).toDouble
count += 1
}
if ((currentTimeStamp - 10L) > toCheckTimeStamp) {
check = true
break
}
}
if (sum != 0.0 && check) list = list :+ (sum).toString // getting error on this line.
else list = list :+ list(5).toDouble.toString
finalArray ++= Array(list)
}
finalArray
}
}
Any help will be appreciated.
A:
There are a couple of mistakes in your evaluate function of UDAF.
list variable is a string but you are treating it as an array
finalArray is initialized as Array.empty[Array[String]] but later on you are adding Array(list) to the finalArray
You are not returning finalArray from evaluate method as its inside for loop
So the correct way should be as below
override def evaluate(buffer: Row): Any = {
val in_array = buffer.getAs[WrappedArray[String]](0);
var finalArray = Array.empty[String]
import scala.util.control.Breaks._
breakable {
for (outerArray <- in_array) {
val currentTimeStamp = outerArray(1).toLong // timestamp values
var sum = 0.0
var count = 0
var check = false
var list = outerArray
for (array <- in_array) {
val toCheckTimeStamp = array(1).toLong
if (((currentTimeStamp - 10L) <= toCheckTimeStamp) && (currentTimeStamp >= toCheckTimeStamp)) {
sum += array(5).toDouble // RSSI weightage values
count += 1
}
if ((currentTimeStamp - 10L) > toCheckTimeStamp) {
check = true
break
}
}
if (sum != 0.0 && check) list = list + (sum).toString // calculate sum for the 10 secs difference
else list = list + (sum).toString // If 10 secs difference is not there take rssi weightage value
finalArray ++= Array(list)
}
}
finalArray // Final results for this function
}
Hope the answer is helpful
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '1e752b70fd33365ac4f5bffdf9f5bd0fcc5ce252286bf85ec9c49727b915c0f2'} |
The two former female employees who previously filed a gender discrimination lawsuit against Goldman Sachs are seeking to turn it into a class action suit to make their case on behalf of all female associates and vice presidents at the investment bank, investment management, and securities divisions.
Cristina Chen-Oster, a former vice-president and Shanna Orlich, a former associate, originally filed the lawsuit in 2010. They’ve accused the bank of creating a “boy’s club” atmosphere, including company trips to strip clubs and “female escorts” in Santa hats who were hired for a company event. Female employees were “sexualized or ignored,” according to their filing.
In the original suit, Chen-Oster also claims that after a trip to a topless bar to celebrate a colleague’s promotion, a married coworker insisted on walking her to her boyfriend’s apartment, and in the hallway outside the apartment pinned her against the wall, kissing her and groping her against her will. After she reported what happened, she says she was met with hostility and marginalized, and she eventually resigned.
The women also say that there were significant gender disparities among employees. Female vice presidents made 21 percent less than their male colleagues and female associates made 8 percent less, they claim. They also say that about 23 percent fewer female vice presidents were promoted to managing director compared to the men. Women who went on maternity leave were stripped of their responsibilities when they returned, they say.
The two seek to persuade a judge that their claims are sufficiently similar to others made by female Goldman Sachs employees that they can be combined into one single case. Denise Shelley, who worked as a vice president and left in 2009, has said in a separate court filing, for example, that male employees called women “bimbos” and took clients to strip clubs.
The company has denied the merits of Chen-Oster and Orlich’s case, and in response to the effort to form a class action suit, said in an emailed statement to Bloomberg, “This is a normal and anticipated procedural step for any proposed class action lawsuit and does not change the case’s lack of merit.”
Gender discrimination appears to be rampant at Wall Street firms. Last year Bank of America settled a gender discrimination lawsuit from about 4,800 women who worked at the bank and its subsidiary Merrill Lynch who alleged that the firm gave men the most lucrative clients, undermining the female employees’ pay and opportunities for advancement. Women at Merrill Lynch also accused the company of making them read the book “Seducing the Boys Club: Uncensored Tactics From a Woman at the Top” and following its advice to get ahead.
Any boy’s club atmosphere also likely stems from the fact that there are so few women in finance to begin with. They make up about 35 percent of all employees in investment banking and securities trading. They’re even rarer toward the top, where they make up less than a quarter of all senior officers and less than 18 percent of executive officers in the finance and insurance industries. And they often make less, as six of the jobs with the biggest gender pay gaps are in finance. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'e5ecaccc97ffd0e33411813e26db0b0a1562ed90308722f6855c05e291fcda2e'} |
The Office: "China"
The Office
Season 7, Episode 10
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The notion of television as a microcosm for global politics is … uneven.
It’s one thing for a show like The West Wing to deal with foreign policy and the growing power of China within economic and political circles—the show was built to handle just those questions, and so to see the White House staff working within such a situation is both logical and valuable.
It is somewhat more challenging, if not impossible, for a show that is not in the position to do something similar. Aaron Sorkin had precisely this problem on Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip, where he took a character’s serviceman brother, made him a hostage, and had the negotiations filter through the studio and its various staff members for reasons I still do not adequately understand. The problem is not that it couldn’t happen, although that is certainly a fair point; rather, the problem is that while those characters could address elements of political satire (being that they were writers on a sketch comedy show) but fail miserably at speaking to anything substantial—which, let’s face it, Sorkin was trying to do from his soap box—about the subject at hand.
I raise these points because The Office tackling “China as World’s Greatest Superpower” has similar problems when it is first introduced. This isn’t South Park, an environment where Cartman can become obsessed with an idea and the whole town can become a microcosm for nationwide panic and global conflict; while that show is malleable, The Office is technically grounded in reality and is in no position to achieve that level of satire considering the people who populate it (although Creed's ability to understand, but not speak, Pirate could come in handy).
“China” has some pretty serious issues in its early moments, reflective of the show’s inability to handle this type of conversation. Michael’s vision of Chinese domination means the end of forks and everyone being forced to learn how to play the cello. The joke is that Michael only knows what he learned from the Newsweek article and what Erin looked up on Wikipedia, and at first it seems that he failed to absorb much more than the title of the article. For Michael to then spin that into a red scare is just plain silly, and the stereotypes weren’t funny enough for the storyline to be worth that silliness.
Fortunately, “China” steps back and finds a small moment within that conflict—not unlike The Simpsons, this opening is just a red herring used to introduce a story about Oscar as “Actually,” and the gap between Michael’s rhetorical potential and his actual knowledge of just about any subject. We presume that Michael is making facts up, as does Oscar, but then we discover that Michael was actually right. It’s a nice twist, and really shifts the episode in an interesting direction.
I tend to enjoy smug Oscar, as his intellectualism does sort of clash with most of the rest of the office, and you all know that I like when Michael gets a chance to prove himself. When they finally have their coffee meeting, and after Andy and Jim help Michael (which I buy in this instance, since they want to knock Oscar down a peg), Michael is actually a skilled debater (yes, you can go ahead and fill in “master” to get a chuckle) on the subject at hand. Michael’s ability to speak persuasively is undeniable, but the problem is that he usually comes at these situations with a certain degree of ignorance. Here, armed with some legitimately interesting facts, Michael holds his own with Oscar quite easily.
And yes, this fits into my larger desire for Michael to seem more competent, so I’m admittedly a fan. This is the kind of story that I think they can tell with the character, one where he has moments where he is clueless (the exaggeration of the red scare narrative, as well as his reading of what the coffee meeting actually accomplished) and yet has other moments where you see how that does not always have to be the case. I do not need for Michael to always act in a competent fashion, but I do want there to be some semblance of a normal human being who could, under certain circumstances, achieve some sort of success. Michael’s behavior here did not prove that America will triumph because of the friendship of healthy conversation bringing the nation together, but it did prove that Michael occasionally getting moments of marginal intelligence (even when helped by some cheat sheets*) is in the show’s best interest.
*Okay, so how precisely was Michael using them? Did he have them there for reference and panicked in that single moment (not using them throughout)? That didn’t seem clear, and on rewatching it I wondered if he had actually been cheating—I still think he was going mostly from memory, but maybe you read things differently.
The same goes for Dwight, really. His stint as Building Owner has been pretty dull thus far, in that the character is trapped in an unfortunate space. Yes, “China” tries to play with the character’s duality by having Dwight refuse to deal with building matters while working, but what I always loved about this character was that who he was outside of the office was both more weird (in that he was unhinged, free to be an eccentric beet farmer) and less weird (in that when he was actually on a beet farm, his eccentricities played as more charming than ridiculous). Here, his greed has none of those elements of charm the character once had, and some half decent physical stuff with the motion sensors and half-ply toilet paper does not a hilarious storyline make.
However, the ending makes up for it. Yes, Dwight’s various efforts to damage the building were broad, but the reveal that he had overheard Pam’s speech to Jim about being a failure and had orchestrated the whole scenario to let her win one is honestly quite sweet, in a way the show doesn’t often let Dwight be. It’s the Dwight who came to Jim’s rescue when Roy tried to kill him, and it’s the opposite of the Dwight who has been around most of this season (and, frankly, the Dwight in parts of this episode). While the series tried to locate Dwight’s behavior in greed, the character lacked any further motivation to adequately explain his cruelty: This final moment establishes that Dwight will occasionally value someone else’s emotions over his own self-interest, and that’s a good step for the character.
When Pam went into the office administrator position I was skeptical, and many of you pointed out the various reasons why she would want out of her sales position to try to find her niche. I still have issues with the way that storyline was introduced and even some issues with the way it seemed so matter-of-fact that Pam would be in charge here, but where it ended up was where it should have begun. I will give them credit for getting to the “Pam = failure” narrative eventually, and while the storyline has yet to make any substantial impact and has never really been what one would call “funny,” this single emotional beat is perhaps worth the hassle if it adds some dynamism to a character who hasn’t threatened someone with the image of her daughter dancing on his/her grave often enough this season.
In case it’s not clear, this was not an episode about “China,” despite its title. I guess you could say that it’s an episode about the ways that Michael and Dwight’s respective modus operandi—how does one pluralize that? Any Latin experts?—can be used for both good and evil. With evidence behind him, Michael’s rhetorical skills are actually quite impressive, and Dwight’s scheming can give Pam a win just as much as it can give Pam a loss. Once the racial stereotypes filtered away (or, awkwardly, moved to Kelly), the episode managed to take two of its most problematic characters and give them storylines that spoke more to their basic human nature than to any sort of larger question—and if you’re going to have The Office deal with foreign policy, that’s where you want to end up.
Stray observations:
• Why does Phyllis believe Michael? I see why someone like Kevin would jump on the opportunity to discuss his once-a-week antacid idea and why Erin sees it as an opportunity to test out her conspiracy theory about the office murdering her, but Phyllis seems to actually think the office should or could do something. I am curious where Phyllis the Hawk came from—perhaps a web series?
• The Andy/Darryl runner about texts was … pointless. But I’m charmed enough by their general dynamic that I’m okay with that.
• Loved Kevin’s little smile when he hears Dwight talking about it—the simple pleasures.
• Apparently the show now has its very own coffee shop in the lobby—curious if they go back to that set, as it seems like the kind of space that could work for the show on occasion (and make it seem more generic at the same time).
• DID YOU SEE THE COMMERCIAL FOR THE CHRISTMAS EPISODE?! It came halfway through the episode, and I was distracted for the next ten minutes. Hype level B, for Beadie.
• “Don’t get me started on how coddled the modern anus is.”
• “He really does fit that old stereotype of the smug, gay Mexican.”
• “I can’t wait to do to Pam what I just did … to Pam.”
Filed Under: TV, The Office
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Topic Summary
Posted by: Sumit Kumar Singh
Hi everyone,I bought a micro USB to USB female connector to read my external hard drive of 500 GB (Western Digital). But Asus Vivo tab is not able to read external hard drive.It is able to read small volume of Hard drive. I tested till 16 GB.Is there some limit on the volume of Hard drive which Asus Vivo tab smart can read via micro USB to USB port. Please suggest solution. Thanks. Best RegardsSumit
Posted by: Sumit Kumar Singh
Hi everyone,I bought a micro USB to USB female connector to read my external hard drive of 500 GB (Western Digital). But Asus Vivo tab is not able to read external hard drive.It is able to read small volume of Hard drive. I tested till 16 GB.Is there some limit on the volume of Hard drive which Asus Vivo tab smart can read via micro USB to USB port. Please suggest solution. Thanks. Best RegardsSumit
Posted by: Kyle
Posted by: Glenn Billington
Great reviews and article. I have the Vivo tab, i'm a golf coach and have been using the camera to show my students their swings. However, I have tried to link it to my downloaded software from www.gaspsystems.com and there is a some type of difficulty using the video software, they say it could be the graphics card. Does anyone have advice to help sort this problem please? I would be so grateful. Glenn Billington info@glennbillington.co.uk
Posted by: DaveJ
Games actually do work quite well. It depends on what you expect.I mean, LOOK at it, I can't even believe there is a computer in there.I expect classics like LBA2, Abuse, Zelda - A link to the past, Final Fantasy 1-9 to work, these calssics that will be playable until the end of time. And that is enough for me. Even Braid and World of Goo should be fine, and those games are exactly what I want to play.
Posted by: Silent Laptops
Posted by: phreezerburn
I actually have the Vivotab Smart, writing this upon it, and have to add to the above that EVERYTHING to be done with a non-3D graphics card on a Windows PC is to be done here. I've a short list of my favourite windows games which have been made portable (not needing the cd) that are all able to run on the Vivotab Smart. From Age of Titans to Fallout and Diablo, there are a lot of terrific games which are in no way compromises as are found within all of the mobile OS tablets. Trying a portable C&C Red Alert next.
Also I've yet to see a reviewer mention powerful apps like Wireshark, PhotoShop or awesome all-in-one suites like AVS Media's. As neither Android nor iOS has anything remotely in their league, how is such an enormous advantage in application ability so easily tossed aside? If iOS were actually able to run OSX's finest, the mentioning of such in media would be without end but since this is Windows, it is to be passed over without pause? | mini_pile | {'original_id': '95dfb1c04cea5e80c8124fd7738dae524522322911745239aec33b997233d599'} |
Rights group calls 'alarming' death toll 'evidence that Iran's security forces went on a horrific killing spree'.
Iranians are protesting against a rise in government-set petrol prices.
Tehran shut-down the internet during the anti-government demonstrations.
Iranian state TV admits security forces shot and killed 'rioters' in Tehran, Shiraz and Sirjan.
Al Jazeera's Assed Baig reports live in the Iranian capital Tehran. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8733829259872437}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59210', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4FA4WD23UAVXLDJV6QM2RFHHNGWL4UQU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d74eca72-f875-4fe8-9ca1-3c6e1d27cffc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 9, 2, 27), 'WARC-IP-Address': '50.28.72.206', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7L7UQNUZTALMAPTJOSJHVYPF7A67LNLP', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:979fe5b3-472d-466f-9171-b41f7ec7b26b>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://iroon.com/irtn/vlog/38714/analysis-will-iran-s-violent-protests-escalate/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8836c39-3829-4bd7-b4b1-7f45dc5dc546>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '58', 'url': 'https://iroon.com/irtn/vlog/38714/analysis-will-iran-s-violent-protests-escalate/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-113.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.5491076111793518', 'original_id': 'b021f997c57faa1e98019614fad1d3a2675b9863e3b14a7ea428b7d2cded998d'} |
Super Mario Bros Placemats
super mario placematA great way to decorate your table is by adding Super Mario placemats to the table. The placemats are actually activity placmats which have games and puzzles printed on the back. The idea being while eating and serving the food to keep the kids entertained they can play the fun games or complete the puzzles! The placemats also make a great Super Mario party favor if they don't get to the games and puzzles during the party! In fact, some parents have used them to decorate the walls of the party venue with the placemats! There are two main Super Mario brothers placemats as described below.
Super Mario activity placemat: This place mat (shown above right) features giant Mario destructing some of the Mario Land. The games on the back include a word search, word scramble and find the path to the princess.
mario kart placemat
Mario Kart Wii activity placemat: This placemat features a large picture of Mario on the front (as seen to the right).
Both sets of placemats measure 11" X 14" and are created from something more like poster board than paper. This means that they're more durable than paper.
To finish the table decorations simply add a red-tablecloth and you'll have a Mario themed table!
Filed under: Decorations
Fatal error: Call to undefined function related_posts() in /home/disc3432/public_html/ on line 39 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '47', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9298771619796752}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '9704', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OHDDW25WFJLMR3L7SDGQFXEM5RSPPWGV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:06a0a028-81bf-44c7-9a8d-8d2cf3242c8e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 19, 9, 29, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '96.30.48.204', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:RTBVRMUGLFM5I2SUVMBTZ5GLP4JVFSMJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:146dbbbc-c061-4a9a-b70c-1f70a241d66f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://supermariopartysupplies.net/super-mario-bros-placemats/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1912a644-95f4-473c-9705-798219403005>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '228', 'url': 'http://supermariopartysupplies.net/super-mario-bros-placemats/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-23-81.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-17\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03331214189529419', 'original_id': 'ff31d9eb23e8ccea0041ac01e93d8045b65d4313b5d60f895c556eed1876046e'} |
Microglia are polarized to M1 type in high-anxiety inbred mice in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge.
Immune activation in the brain has been shown to contribute to neurodevelopmental and pathological progression of mental disorders, and microglia play a central role in these processes. But how genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors may act in combination to affect microglial activation and the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. In this work, we studied the inflammatory profile of microglia across four inbred strains of mice with different anxiety traits: C57BL/6J, FVB/N, DBA/2J, and 129S2/Sv. Importantly, we found that a high-anxiety strain, naïve DBA/2J mice, had significantly more M1 (MHCII(+)CD206(-))-polarized microglia, whereas another high-anxiety strain, naïve 129S2/Sv mice, expressed significantly more activated (MHCII(+)) perivascular macrophages than the other strains. After a systemic LPS challenge, polarization to M1 microglia in DBA/2J and 129S2/Sv mice was even more prominent than in C57BL/6J and FVB/N mice, and was correlated with their anxiety-like behaviors. Macrophage M1/M2 polarization in the spleen showed a similar pattern in DBA/2J and 129S2/Sv mice in response to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, DBA/2J mice expressed higher mRNA levels of Il1b, Il6, and Tnf, and higher Nos2/Arg1 ratio but lower Chi3l3 level in the hypothalamus before and after LPS stimulation, respectively. In comparison, 129S1/Sv, a sibling line of 129S2/Sv, expressed significantly higher levels of other immune-related genes in the brain. We further discovered a group of myeloid transcription factors that may underpin the strain-specific differences in microglial activation. We conclude that proinflammatory microglial activation reflects anxiety traits in mice, especially after a peripheral innate immune challenge. Our work sheds new light in understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of stress-induced microglial activation and polarization. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ce6f55611837474c8a1c61bcc6e791064889be1e3bbb6274f43e5801d217f6d3'} |
New Age History and Economics
Sunday, July 16, 2017
China's Bhutan land grab
Lies being told by Communist China;
It has no expansionist designs.
Now the truth;
China's Bhutan land grab aims at bigger target;
Aksai Chin, part of the original princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, has since provided China with the only passageway between its rebellious regions of Tibet and Xinjiang. Now, the attempt by the People's Liberation Army to replicate its seizure of Aksai Chin by building a military road through the Doklam plateau of tiny Bhutan has triggered one of the most serious troop standoffs in years between China and India, which is a guarantor of Bhutanese security.
The standoff involving hundreds of PLA and Indian troops, near where the borders of Tibet, Bhutan and India's Sikkim state meet, has successfully halted the Chinese construction of the highway in Doklam, which Beijing claims as a "traditional pasture for Tibetans." This is similar to Beijing's claims in the South and East China seas, which are based on "traditional fishing grounds for Chinese." The Indian intervention has triggered a furious reaction from China, which is warning India almost daily to back down or face reprisals, including a possible war. India has mobilized up to 10,000 troops for any contingency.
The Chinese defense ministry has warned India to learn the "historical lessons" from the major military reversals it suffered in 1962 when China carried out a surprise trans-Himalayan invasion just when the U.S. and the Soviet Union were locked in the Cuban missile crisis. Beijing has also stepped up diplomatic pressure on New Delhi, with the Chinese foreign ministry insisting that the "precondition for any meaningful dialogue" would be for Indian troops to "unconditionally" pull back from Doklam.
Beijing's full-throttle campaign against India amounts to psychological warfare, from mounting daily threats to staging military drills in Tibet. For example, a recent "full combat readiness" exercise with tanks was aimed at delivering a clear warning to New Delhi, according to Chinese state media. However, the more China threatens India and the more it refuses to seek a compromise, the more it paints itself in a corner.
Beijing has no good options in emerging as a winner from this confrontation. Given the geography, military logistics, weapon deployments and the entrenched Indian positions, the PLA will find it hard to give India a bloody nose and seize Doklam. If it were to attack, it could suffer a setback. Just as Beijing's intense propaganda war against India over the Dalai Lama's April tour to the Chinese-claimed northeastern Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh achieved nothing, China risks losing face over the current troop standoff.
The central issue that China has sought to disguise is its intrusion into tiny Bhutan, which has less than 800,000 people. To cause a distraction, Beijing, in keeping with ancient military theorist Sun Tzu's concept of strategic deception, has tried to shift the focus to India through a public relations blitzkrieg that presents China as the victim and India as the aggressor. Just as it has touted historical claims to much of the South China Sea, which have been dismissed by an international arbitral tribunal as groundless, Beijing contends that Doklam (or "Donglang" as China calls it) has belonged to it "since ancient times."
Beijing's dire warning
Besides launching a flurry of official denunciations of India, China has employed the state media in the psychological warfare campaign. "We firmly believe that the face-off in the Donglang area will end up with the Indian troops in retreat. The Indian military can choose to return to its territory with dignity or be kicked out of the area by Chinese soldiers," China's nationalist tabloid Global Times said on July 5. "This time we must teach New Delhi a bitter lesson."
An article on the PLA's English-language website, China Military Online, has warned that "if a solution isn't reached through diplomatic or military communication or the issue isn't handled properly, another armed conflict ... is not completely out of the question."
Beijing employs stealth aggression in territorial expansion
Despite the Indian army's prompt actions to protect Bhutan's territorial interests, the standoff has exposed some of India's institutional weaknesses. In combating disinformation in war or peace, time is of the essence. Yet it took New Delhi more than four days to issue its first statement in response to China's verbal attacks against India's move to protect Bhutan, its longstanding strategic ally. The result was that after Beijing revealed the days-old troop standoff just hours before the June 26 meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House, the Indian media was awash with Chinese propaganda, reporting only Beijing's line on the standoff.
The current crisis has shown that New Delhi is ill-prepared to counter China's grandstanding tactics. India's response to the continuing barrage of hostile Chinese statements against it has been confined to a single statement issued by its foreign ministry on June 30. This is partly to do with India's intrinsically defensive strategic mindset, including a reluctance to employ its natural economic leverage to rein in Chinese belligerence.
Since China has an almost $60 billion annual trade surplus with India currently, New Delhi has an opportunity to emulate Beijing's use of trade as a political instrument in punishing South Korea, Mongolia, the Philippines, Japan and others. The flood of Chinese goods entering India is overwhelming. The lopsided trade balance not only rewards China's strategic hostility but also foots the bill for its strategy of encircling India. Beijing thus has little incentive to moderate its behavior or avoid belligerence.
India also appears reluctant to reopen the Tibet issue, even though China is laying claim to Indian and Bhutanese territories on the basis of alleged Tibetan (not Han Chinese) historical links to these areas. Like Doklam, China claims Arunachal Pradesh, a territory almost three times larger than Taiwan that is famous for its virgin forests and soaring mountain ranges. To help curb such territorial revisionism, India needs to question China's claim to Tibet itself.
Tibet, autonomous until China annexed it in 1951, enjoyed close historical transportation, trade and cultural links with India, exemplified by the fact that the main Tibetan cities are located close to the Indian border. But with Tibet now locked behind a Chinese "iron curtain," the formerly integrated economies and cultures of the entire Himalayan region have broken apart.
Expansion drive
Modern China has come a long way since the Great Wall denoted the limits of the Han empire's political frontiers, as during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). Territorially, Han power is now at its zenith. With the exception of Mongolia, China is seeking to expand its frontiers beyond the conquests made by the Manchu Qing dynasty in the 17th and 18th centuries. By relying on stealth aggression in which no bullets or missiles need to be fired, China has mastered the art of creeping, covert warfare, as is apparent in the Himalayas and the South and East China seas. "Only vast lands can cradle great powers," according to Chinese geographers Du Debin and Ma Yahua.
Recent events have offered clear evidence on how China uses history to justify its territorial ambitions. In the same week that it dusted off an 1890 colonial-era accord on the Tibet-Sikkim border to use in its propaganda war against India, even though the agreement was irrelevant to its intrusion into Bhutan, it mocked as worthless the legally binding 1984 pact with Britain that paved the way for Hong Kong's handover in 1997 by guaranteeing the city's rights and freedoms under China's "one country, two systems" formula. By turning its back on the 1984 pact, Beijing indicated that "one country, two systems" was just a ruse to recover Hong Kong. Yet China will cling to colonial-era accords if they still serve its interests.
Unless Beijing reopens the door to diplomacy, the present military stalemate at Doklam could drag on until the arrival of the harsh winter forces the rival troops to retreat, thus ending the confrontation. This would restore the status quo ante by frustrating the PLA's road-building plan. The brief July 7 meeting between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Modi at the G-20 summit in Hamburg has offered China an opening to save face through a possible mutual retreat from Doklam.
Whatever happens, the current crisis offers India important lessons, including how a clever China presents itself as the victim and feeds disinformation to the Indian media. This should, however, not have come as a surprise. It is standard Chinese strategy to play the victim in any conflict or dispute in an example of how China blends toughness, savvy, single-mindedness and deft propaganda to try to achieve its goals. Psychological warfare is integral to China's military strategy. Yet India found itself taken by surprise.
More fundamentally, India must recognize that while caution is prudent, diffidence tends to embolden the aggressor. It should continue to err on the side of caution but must shed its reluctance to employ countervailing leverage against China so that it is not always in a reactive mode.
Saturday, July 1, 2017
Iluminati Aliens and Technology-II
Lies being Taught; Illuminati is a sham;
Now the truth; Here I reproduce a series of article by a friend whose judgment I fully trust;
Aliens And technology -II
As I theorized above, I believe we've been to the moon but not by using standard rockets; does humanity really have the technology to manipulate time-space as theorized in the Philadelphia Experiment? There's another part of Project Looking Glass that has yet to be discussed; a space portal, vortex or wormhole as physicists generally refer to it. If the teleportation of the USS Eldridge did actually happen, do you really think the government would find this too dangerous? Rest assure the corporate banksters would do anything to back the government in obtaining this technology.
Project Looking Glass referred to these wormholes as Stargates. To enter one end of the stargate because space and time can be bent, you can reappear in another space and time through these gateways using some type of electromagnetic field; the Bermuda Triangle, for example, is a natural energy vortex and those who have lived through it were susceptible to time duration.
Project Pegasus is another conspiracy theory dealing with time and space duration brought about by Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). Andrew Basiago is a lawyer who claims to have worked for DARPA. According to Basiago this teleportation and/or time travel has been going on since 1968, a year before the moon landing. Basiago says he grew up with his father, who was involved in the experiment of time travel and was sent back in time as a test subject to the Civil War and witnessed Abraham Lincoln giving the Gettysburg Address. There is a known photo of a lone boy standing behind the soldiers as the Address is being made, in which many believe is Basiago himself at ten years old.
Robert Dean and Arthur Neumann, as well as Basiago, are other whistleblowers who claim to have inside information: confirming that not only is there life on Mars, but that human beings have already been there (again, not through standard rockets) as well as government officials meeting with Martian personnel and other alien beings.
An example of humans being able to manipulate time was reported in a 1977 issue of Vancouver Sun Times where Sid Hurwich invented a device to change the flow of time in a given area. He demonstrated the invention to his friends of local police. Hurwich turned the device on and asked his officer friend to lift his revolver off the table or pull the trigger for that matter, his friend could do neither, the revolver was froze to the table. When the device was turned off they all looked at their watches to realize they were late. What actually happened is that time slowed down around them so much while the rest of the world was moving at normal speed. The reason the revolver couldn't be moved is because, although the pressure they put on the gun seemed perfectly normal to them, it did not last long enough in conventional time to overcome the normal power of inertia. This device was sold to the Israeli government and Hurwich was given the "Protectors of the State of Israel Award on behalf of the Zionist Organization of Canada."
So we can manipulate time, can we manipulate space as well? In the science fiction/horror film, "Event Horizon", this concept of a wormhole is practiced. Many objects in recent years have been seen in the sky with a gaseous spiral flowing behind it in areas such as Norway, Russia or China; many UFOs in the past have been accompanied by angel-hair fibers that disintegrate when touched, yet recently more and more of these spirals have been viewed in the sky. Could this be a gateway being opened that the UFOs pass through to get from one point in space to another?
Again, UFO's don't necessarily mean aliens, where it may just very well be a secret government air ship. Russia admits to one of the sightings being a missile test, but I don't know of any missile that's ever formed a spiral design. Some conspiracy theorists believe that these wormholes and stargates are jump rooms from one side of the galaxy to another. Are we really left this far into the dark that we don't know what to believe?
So if human ingenuity is so powerful; UFOs, stargates and time manipulation can all be attributed to us, is there any more evidence of extra-terrestrials that can't be explained by great men of genius? Asides from witness testimonies where some can be dismissed (not all) there's only the crop circle formation. They've said it's been debunked with the official story being two drunk guys using rope and wooden planks. No human can possibly make something as beautiful and perfect as some of the crop circles shown below. There's just no way!
click here for Source
There are many other anomalies that go along with the crop circle formations; the areas seem to be pulsing with magnetic energy. Often, after these formations appear, certain battery powered technology will often power down when inside a crop circle. If it's not ETs, why would the government go to such great lengths to create these? It's even been caught on camera of two orbs of light flying over a field and the formation just appeared under them.
There are a few formations that stand out, strikingly, from the rest; which was more like a message than a complex mathematical design, which many crop circles possess. In 2001 the greatest sensation in Crop Circle history appeared not far from the Chilbalton Observatory in England; it was almost impossible for the media to overlook. A face emerged followed by, what appeared to be, a data strip three days later. A similarity was discovered in the latter of the two with that of the Arecibo Message NASA sent out into space from Puerto Rico in 1974 in bionary coded figures. The code that appeared in near Chilbalton Observatory was, indeed, a reply from the one Carl Seagan created in 1974. Seagan's message contained our calculation system, primary elements, DNA code, height and quantity, what planet we live on in respect of our sun, and what type of communication we use. The reply stated the same calculation system, but was composed of Silicone instead of Carbon, their DNA was vastly different where they have big heads and small bodies, similar to the Dzopa; they inhabited the third, fourth and fifth planets in their solar system with a population of 21.3 billion; their means of communication, though, was something more complex, which resembled another crop circle formation that appeared one year earlier.
A year later another intriguing formation appeared in a town called Crabwood; this time it was a picture of alien face, looking more like a Gray than any other, it was holding an encrypted message that was converted into computer format and a message soon emerged from there, and a quite cryptic one if you ask me:
-Crop Circle-
Below is the face that appeared outside the Chilbalton Observatory along with the comparison of the binary code we exchanged with the ET's and the third is the one reported in Crabwood. One could say the face of the first eerily resembles the face on Cydonia on Mars.
Click here for Source 2
What to make of that message? If it was created by extra-terrestrials, it sounds like a warning. The conspiracies go deep to Reptilian involvement with the Illuminati; supposedly George Bush was reptilian shape shifters. There have been numerous videos on YouTube that show someone's eyes undergoing a brief transformation and I'll admit that some of it does look very strange, but flictations in someone's eye doesn't necessarily imply one is an alien being. This message could be to us about those leading the planet or possibly to the planetary leaders, who may have struck a deal with the wrong type of extra-terrestrials. If reptilian shape shifters really are in charge of the Illuminati and they have backing from interstellar entities we would need some help from our extra-terrestrial brothers.
It's been theorized that humanity has been going through this same various cycle for some time, that before we can join with our extra-terrestrial neighbors we need to find enlightenment; but time and time again humanity fails and they're just waiting to accept us if we can only pass the test. Every culture that has come and gone before us has left something behind through oral or written interpretation of cataclysm befalling the planet because of corruption and war. It's no surprise to me that we haven't been back to the moon in 40 years; humanity is simply too dangerous.
Why would the government be too afraid to admit to us that there are other life forms out there that are smarter and more advanced than us? Because of the way we'd react. A person is smart and can handle anything but when people are together they can easily resort to panic and act without thinking. Some would lose faith in the government because they're no longer as powerful as we thought; I have lost faith in the government because they can't tell the truth.
To be fair, for some human beings the notion is a little too difficult to take on. But this isn't just the United States government, but most of them think the public is too immature to handle the implications. Sgt. Major Bob Dean said it best:
"There is no way to lift up Pandora's Box just a little bit, because once you crack Pandora's Box all hell breaks loose. You can't tell just a little bit of the story (aliens) because if you start telling just a little bit you're gonna have a time bomb on your hands because everyone's gonna want to know more."
-Bob Dean-
There have been rumors that the great disclosure everyone is looking for will come in the form of a staged alien invasion, possibly during World War III. One might be able to see how the government benefits from this; whether or not extra-terrestrials agree to take part in this, with so much classified technology that the government possesses, they could easily pull this off. One the one hand it would cushion the blow of telling people "yes, aliens exist" and they could act just as surprised as we are. On the other hand if this event were to occur people would die; death and decreasing the population works in accordance to the Illuminati's plan.
In recent years they've been throwing the whole global warming issue at people, which they blame on over population. So far I can distinguish two important reasons for this: they want to implement a carbon tax, taxing people to breathe, apparently; and the other would be to pass sterilization programs and limit people to having no more than two children. Such programs are not unusual, Germany did it during WWII to those who had genetic disorders and China is another example, where they are way over their maximum.
There have even been rumors that the eerie symbolism of the Book of Revelation, which we've already touched on, could also refer to alien beings, but this is only speculation. However it is interesting that a UFO was spotted over the Temple Mount (Dome of the Rock) in Jerusalem on January 28, 2011 and caught on video by several cameras only to disappear in a flash of light and fast ascension into the sky.
Odd how the government blames us for the whole global warming issue. Where we breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon, plants intake carbon and release oxygen; they fail to note that they're still slashing the Amazon rain forest along with other forest areas. It's also curious to note that Earth is not the only planet in our solar system to increase in temperature. The other planets could all be experiencing this because the sun or because there's another body entering our solar system; Nibiru perhaps, if you're willing to go there.
In recent scientific updates even NASA has admitted to other bodies within our solar system beyond Pluto with elliptical orbits. Could that be another reason Pluto lost its planetary status, they don't want to mention what the Sumerians called the 12th planet (moon and sun included).
The population issue has been going on for some time, but there is one option that is casually overlooked. Instead of condensing the population on the planet, why can't we just expand into space? The universe is a very big place and can certainly fit us; the technology the government is hoarding is enough to allow that. Some might say the ET's don't want us to go into space because we're not ready, which could be legitimately why we haven't been back to the moon in some time. We would first need to accept that aliens are out there and the only one's keeping us from realizing this are the few that control the many. Human beings are resilient creatures, if they disclose the existence of extra-terrestrial brothers to the public there's not much we can do about it except ask questions and move on with our lives. If aliens have been among us for decades or centuries but haven't exterminated us yet, they probably mean no harm.
To be continued…… | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '102', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.963775873184204}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '700993', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YBAU6RBJVVFVGBJA3TNKQMU5WDDYUJBX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:3d2537e5-fb2b-4351-8e75-46b0711b3b62>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 19, 16, 53, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.129', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:HDWV5OO7LDHR7Y4ZRXCOHXVCZGC52KRC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:09f214d7-38e7-4ba6-9c6e-735e7968a583>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://lovkap.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:734d5e3b-0742-4fd5-9bea-044b748027df>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3797', 'url': 'http://lovkap.blogspot.co.uk/2017/07/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-147-224-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.28386813402175903', 'original_id': '834d29e2011630c005bfbcdbef88b8a8bc3ce8886d0e6d188c9d8955033e0dad'} |
Everything you need to live well
Welcome to the age of glowing skin, flawless faces and perfect eyebrows. In this new era, the beauty industry is more flexible to accommodate different body types. The perception of eyebrows has evolved from little facial hair to no facial hair to defined eyebrows. Trimming your eyebrow does not mean removing your entire facial hair.
When trimming your eyebrow, make sure its suits your face. Materials needed for trimming your eyebrow includes tweezer, old mascara brush or a makeup brush, a razor blade and a thread. Try to face a mirror when trimming your eyebrows into a defined shape.
Trimming with a tweezer
1. Hold the tweezer vertically from the outermost part of your nostril straight up to your eyebrow. The place where the tweezer touches is the point your eyebrow should begin.
2. Hold the tweezer diagonally from the outermost part of your nostril to the outermost part of your eye. Where the tweezer extends past your eye is where your eyebrow should end.
3. Tweeze below your brow by plucking out hairs, moving against the measured grain.
4. Tweeze above your brow to remove any stray hairs above the measured grain.
Trimming with a razor blade
1. Brush the hair of eyebrow upwards with an old mascara brush and trim with the blade any hairline above the grain.
2. Brush the hair of your eyebrow downwards with an old mascara brush. Trim any hair sticking out of the eyebrow.
Trimming with a thread
Use only high-cotton thread when trimming the eyebrows as it ensures the hair does not snap off the thread.
1. Measure the thread against your forearm to check its length.
2. Tie the high-cotton thread into a tight loop.
3. Wrap the loop for at least four times around your thumb and forefinger. After wrapping the thread should assume an hourglass shape.
4. Brush the hair of the eyebrow upwards with an old mascara brush. Position the twisted centre of the thread on the hair you want to remove.
5. Slide your fingers over the unwanted hair. As you open and close by using your thumb and forefinger, the thread will pull out the unwanted hair strand.
Be the first to comment
Drop a comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '10', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8935612440109253}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '127621', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:ULG6VPRFU2BA2GA4K7HOU75J4KC3G3F7', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c63ec653-2b7d-408a-93de-f061606b8bfa>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 2, 16, 21, 11, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '209.205.201.162', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SZV74J4J6HWJ2H3HQAXO44QHVQBPNQOT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8aa28ce0-42b5-4a94-a48c-26a8be768e76>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://naijacoolgist.com/girls-alert-how-to-trim-your-eyebrows/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:5d72478d-2d67-4a14-8a20-dc7d73de9e3b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '384', 'url': 'https://naijacoolgist.com/girls-alert-how-to-trim-your-eyebrows/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-09\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-137-198-92.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.13016676902770996', 'original_id': '0c6b1f5ab1ea39a5cb9339227b2ababfa715f24afdb963aff64006dfe4a386b8'} |
Task Manager Disabled?
A laptop was brought into me this morning and it was declared it had aids (damn russian porn sites). After removing said infection it was found that certain registry keys had been tampered with among which was preventing the task manager from being run with the message;
the task manager has been disabled but the administrator
obviously thats a load of rott as I have better things to do with my time.
I offer the following three methods of dealing with this, the 3rd is the direct route but the others are a good idea to reset permissions in general to a out of the box state.
1. Run the following command from a command prompt to check and reset the registry values and file permissions;
2. Run the following to rebuild the security database from the initial template;
secedit /configure /db junk /cfg “c:\windows\security\templates\setup security.inf” /overwrite /quiet
3. The direct path to fix the actual Task Manager Key, just paste this into the run box.
I also had to set all the zones in IE back to defaults to allow the user to be able to download etc…
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Sunday, December 7, 2008
Poland, Ukraine Not Dead Yet
Growing up in post-USSR Moldova and frequently visiting my grandparents in the Odessa region of Ukraine, I heard many times a joke exploiting a particular feature of the first line of the Ukrainian national anthem. "Ukraine isn't dead yet, and nor its glory, its will", it goes, but simply by changing the intonation of the first part as you can do in Ukrainian or Russian, you get a meaning of "So, isn't Ukraine dead yet?". True, times were tough, and, I remember, at one time there was an ad running on a TV channel called 1+1 saying "There are 52 millions of us!". That was true from around 1991 to 1994, but today the figure is down to 46 million, due to migration and a demographic crisis with the fourth greatest population decrease rate in the world.
Anyway, that's not what I wanted to write about: just recently, in my ignorance, I have learnt that Ukrainian national anthem isn't unique in eagerly lending itself to mockery. Polish national anthem starts with the words, "Poland has not perished yet / So long as we live". In fact, Polish and Ukrainian anthems are remarkably similar in meaning, which isn't surprising, given the long and tumultuous history of both nations' struggle for independence and unification:
Ще не вмерла Україна, ні слава, ні воля,
Ще нам, браття-українці, усміхнеться доля.
Згинуть наші вороженьки, як роса на сонці,
Запануєм і ми, браття, у своїй сторонці.
Душу й тіло ми положим за нашу свободу
І покажем, що ми, браття, козацького роду.
Станем браття, в бій кривавий, від Сяну до Дону
В ріднім краю панувати не дамо ні кому.
Чорне море ще всміхнеця, дід Дніпро зрадіє,
Ще на нашій Україні доленька наспіє.
А завзятта праця щира свого ще докаже,
Ще ся волі в Україні піснь гучна розляже.
За Карпати відіб'ється, згомонить степами,
України слава стане поміж народами.
Ukraine has not perished, neither her glory, nor freedom,
Upon us, fellow--Ukrainians, fate shall smile once more.
Our enemies will vanish, like dew in the morning sun,
And we too shall rule, brothers, in a free land of our own.
We'll lay down our souls and bodies to attain our freedom,
And we'll show that we, brothers, are of the Cossack nation.
We'll stand together for freedom, from the Syan to the Don,
We will not allow others to rule in our motherland.
The Black Sea will smile and grandfather Dnipro will rejoice,
For in our own Ukraine fortune shall flourish again.
Our persistence and our sincere toils will be rewarded,
And freedom's song will resound throughout all of Ukraine.
Echoing off the Carpathians, and rumbling across the steppes,
Ukraine's fame and glory will be known among all nations.
Jeszcze Polska nie zginęła,
Kiedy my żyjemy.
Co nam obca przemoc wzięła,
Szablą odbierzemy.
Marsz, marsz, Dąbrowski,
Z ziemi włoskiej do Polski.
Za twoim przewodem
Złączym się z narodem.
Przejdziem Wisłę, przejdziem Wartę,
Będziem Polakami.
Dał nam przykład Bonaparte,
Jak zwyciężać mamy.
Jak Czarniecki do Poznania
Po szwedzkim zaborze,
Dla ojczyzny ratowania
Wrócim się przez morze.
Już tam ojciec do swej Basi
Mówi zapłakany
Słuchaj jeno, pono nasi
Biją w tarabany.
Poland has not perished yet
So long as we still live
That which alien force has seized
We at sabrepoint shall retrieve
March, march, Dąbrowski
From Italy to Poland
Let us now rejoin the nation
Under thy command
Cross the Vistula and Warta
And Poles we shall be
We've been shown by Bonaparte
Ways to victory
Like Czarniecki Poznań regains
Fighting with the Swede,
To free our fatherland from chains
We shall return by sea
Father, in tears
Says to his Basia
Just listen, it seems that our people
Are beating the drums
Isn't it remarkable how semantically similar these two anthems are?
Just recently, in 2003, Ukraine has made a neat change to their anthem, making it shorter, changing the first line to say "Neither Ukraine's glory nor its will is dead yet (Ще не вмерла України і слава, і воля)", and taking out all of the text saying how, supposedly, in the future, all of the land "from Syan to Don" will be United Ukraine because, of course, now all of that land is in independent Ukraine. The new anthem, in my opinion, is much stronger.
Polish anthem, in comparison, contains names and details that are no longer relevant for a modern Pole -- and the mention of Bonaparte is a dead giveaway of its origins as a military song written in 1797, the high point of the Napoleonic era. And that's even after (rather diplomatic) omission of two more verses mentioning Germans and Muscovites.
That, however is nothing out of ordinary in the anthem tradition around the world: I always get a kick out of thinking about how French primary schoolchildren get to sing about how "the tainted blood / will drench our furrows" and how "against us / the tyranny's bloody banner is raised". If they went on to sing all of La Marseillaise, of course, there are lots of little gems there that I dare say wouldn't be rated PG-13. Here's a part that says that Frenchmen are magnanimous warriors and spare their enemy's life, except for...
Mais ces despotes sanguinaires,But not these blood-thirsty despots,
Mais ces complices de Bouillé,These accomplices of Bouillé,
Déchirent le sein de leur mère !Ripped out their mother's breast!
And so on. So I guess we can forgive the Poles a little nostalgic reference to Swedes, Italy and Czarniecki here and there. And if you don't like the lyrics, you can just conveniently sing the pan-slavic anthem "Hey, Slavs" to the same music. Groovy!
For more information, Wikipedia has a lot of material on Polish and Ukrainian anthems.
No comments:
Post a Comment | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7283099889755249}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '76494', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:35VIP7STLC66O3B3Y7KKOEV4XBUSF2FO', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ef35aad3-cc6b-430c-8fb4-628e206ca6dc>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 11, 21, 18, 48, 26), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.7.211', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ITLHONRB4L7XHER6YVQWCJ2NYN3P6AEW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6ee0c76-a619-4d21-9f72-1d9f1e4c281a>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://paul.milovanov.ca/2008/12/poland-ukraine-not-dead-yet.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4ffe9969-9b98-454e-a3ef-91989e93cbeb>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '955', 'url': 'http://paul.milovanov.ca/2008/12/poland-ukraine-not-dead-yet.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-149-151-244.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02424776554107666', 'original_id': '4c39316eaf971af8980454c52e27b960cb8a5231e768f8c3b4c7dc158dda846f'} |
Normal joint structure
Do you know the main components of a joint?
Subchondral bone
The part of the bone located just above the cartilage is called the "subchondral bone". It is "the foundation" of cartilage.
The cartilage
Cartilage is a tissue that forms the lining of the bone ends. It has a pearlescent appearance and its thickness varies from one joint to another. Thus it is the kneecap that has the thickest cartilage: more than 5 millimetres. It is also worth knowing that men's cartilage is generally thicker than that of women.
The role of cartilage is to allow perfect sliding between the bones since the frictional forces are less than that of an ice skater sliding on ice. It is also essential for cushioning and distributing pressure on the bones thanks to its properties of elasticity and resistance.
Cartilage is a living tissue, in perpetual renewal, even among older people: it renews itself completely around every 3 months. Hence, microscopic cartilage fragments constantly break away from the cartilage and end up in the joint cavity (where they are then eliminated by the synovial membrane).
At microscopic level, it is composed of two components:
• On one hand, a matrix consisting of a gel rich in water and molecules called proteoglycans held tightly together in the meshes of the collagen fibre network. Proteoglycans provide the elasticity of the cartilage while the collagen fibres give it resistance to compressive forces.
• On the other hand, cells called chondrocytes, whose role is fundamental because they have the dual ability to renew, but also to destroy the matrix.
The cartilage tissue has no blood vessel and it is not innervated.
The joint fluid
Joint fluid also called synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane. It is present in all joints in small quantities (1 to 2 ml in the knee for example).
Its role is to lubricate the joint. It ensures perfect sliding between the bone ends.
In its normal state it is a clear, transparent fluid with a particular viscosity. The latter is due to the amount of hyaluronic acid present in the joint.
The capsule and the synovial membrane
The capsule and synovial membrane are closely linked since the synovial membrane coats the inside of the capsule, a fibrous covering surrounding the joint.
The synovial membrane is a vascularised and innervated tissue. It is in the form of a smooth transparent membrane covered with small blood vessels. in its normal state it has folds called villi.
Its main role is to secrete the hyaluronic acid of the synovial fluid, a true lubricant of the joint. The synovial membrane also ensures "emptying" of cartilage debris found in the joint cavity. This is thanks to its blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients, including glucose, essential for the life of the cartilage.
At microscopic level, the synovial membrane is composed of cells called synoviocytes. It is these cells that perform the functions mentioned above. Lastly, these cells also have the ability to produce enzymes that can destroy the cartilage matrix. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9499045610427856}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '98829', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WKRPLNI35ZYUQUZMBWABSJ327TM2HB4A', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4c7c471f-61a1-4ec4-be9b-05b1dbdc1bc8>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 20, 33, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '52.31.130.207', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I6R4HS6LACJIUKWGAD6WWRJZW6VTHVQX', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7d6e3b1-f938-4390-a2aa-d3f06fe8200d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.arthrolink.com/en/disease/understanding/what-normal-joint-0', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:157945e7-64db-45fe-a951-da8210c23e8d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '500', 'url': 'http://www.arthrolink.com/en/disease/understanding/what-normal-joint-0', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-75.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09680497646331787', 'original_id': '8fc1c145c312ef375783727076fad8993cf1c16f3824a4a0d578e47da05ab8d6'} |
Monthly Archives: June 2012
Analyze This: Public Servant or Self Serving Troll?
By: Tom Chatham Author of The Crux Event
When I am confronted with a problem or potential danger I like to think outside the box and analyze the problem to form a rational, sane conclusion. If you think your family is in danger from something like say a house fire, you may not want to hit them with the full ramifications all at once to prevent a panic. You might start with a talk discussing the dangers and slowly move up to preventive measures and evacuation plans over time as fast as your family can mentally accept the information. This is a rational approach to protecting the people you are responsible for.
With all of the potential dangers we now face from many directions, the sane thing would be for people to have some basic emergency supplies on hand to deal with these emergencies. If our elected representatives were doing their job and identified a potential threat that could harm many people and cause massive civil disorder, a sane person would conclude that public servant would try to prepare the people they are responsible for. A simple acknowledgement of the problem followed by sensible precautions relayed to the people over time would reduce the destructive impact of the problem to manageable levels. Is this what we get from our government?
No. All we get is rhetoric that there are no problems and if any occur the government will take care of it. They go so far as to demonize anyone doing a sane rational thing such as preparing for danger. A sane rational person would conclude that being unprepared for a disaster would cause unnecessary suffering and hardship on a person. Why would government officials not only ignore a problem but prevent an individual from taking the sensible precautions?
The only rational conclusion a sane person can come up with is that they want confusion and suffering. They want individuals to be helpless so they have no place to turn but the government. When this happens, this government help will come with strings attached. It can be nothing less than a control device to keep the population in line with government plans for total control.
If a disaster happens, a sane person would think the government would want people to have the ability to care for themselves to free up government resources to repair the damage and return society to normal operations as soon as possible. This conclusion seems to be the exact opposite of how our government operates.
If elected representatives are indeed ignoring dangers and preventing people from caring for themselves, one would have to ask why? These public servants would not do this unless they were getting something out of it worth the lives of many people. History has shown that money and power are usually the payout for crimes of this nature. A sane person can only conclude that honorable people have become trolls that feed on peoples misery for their own personal gain.
If a predictable disaster happens, and chaos and suffering results due to lack of warning and preparedness, these officials are largely to blame for the outcome. An outcome that should be completely different. If we suffer an event such as a currency collapse and the people are not prepared for it, that is because our leaders do not want us to be prepared. They will do so to take advantage of the situation and further their own agenda. Any sane person would prepare for the dangers ahead in order to insure the safety and well being of their family. But that is just a rational conclusion.
Silver Bugs Take Heed, Buying Opportunity Ahead
By: Tom Chatham – Author of The American Dream Lost
All silver bugs out there that wish to add to their stockpiles should take heed of the silver price over the next 60 days. The price of silver has slipped in recent weeks but the best may be yet to come. When volatility strikes markets many investors sell commodity positions to maintain liquidity. This can cause the price of precious metals to drop substantially over the short term creating a buying opportunity for buyers of physical metal. Martin Armstrong has used his forecast models to project market conditions and he has now said we should expect severe volatility in the August – September time frame. If he is correct, this volatility could produce a low in silver and gold. One economist predicts a drop in silver prices to as low as $18.00. If silver goes anywhere near this price it will present a great buying opportunity. Everyone is aware of the economic problems in Europe and the coming elections in the U.S. will cause the release of money by the government to maintain an illusion of a good economy until after the elections. These monetary problems will be much more visible after the elections so anyone preparing should pay attention to prices over the next few months. Between now and September, you could see the last opportunity to buy silver at bargain prices before the next run up. Even at the current price, silver is a good hedge against future money printing for those who wish to preserve their wealth so be sure to take advantage of any price drops in the next few months. Anyone planning to buy a home or land in the near future may be better served by buying gold or silver and waiting for the monetary crisis to bottom out and buy the property at a steep discount for cash, but this is a strategy that each person will have to decide on for themselves. Volatility is approaching so stay alert.
A Gun Ban Won’t Work Because…
By: Tom Chatham – Author of The Crux Event
My initial argument is the fact that if we cannot stop illegal immigrants or drugs from coming across our southern boarder, how can we prevent weapons from coming into this country. I’m sure a liberal progressive can make the case that they won’t be smuggled in because it will be illegal or give us some bewildering excuse from fantasy land. This brings me to my second argument.
Even if someone in Washington could snap their magical fingers and all of those evil guns in America suddenly disappear, it would only take a few days for individuals to have another gun in their hands. A well motivated person with a few hand tools and a pile of scrap metal can make a gun in a week or two and that does not include the actual gunsmiths that can turn out precision works of beauty. A gun is nothing more than a mechanical device with several moving parts. Anyone with any mechanical ability can make one. It may not be a long range weapon but at close range it will do what guns are made to do. CV axles, axle shafts and hydraulic struts are plentiful and cheap as are other junkyard parts. In WWII, small .45 cal guns, that you extracted the shell casing from by pushing a wooden dowel down the barrel, were dropped to resistance fighters. These very simple guns allowed persons to acquire better guns from enemy forces. Homemade guns are not high quality, depending on the persons ability, but functional nonetheless. If Joe sixpack can make a gun in his garage out of scrap metal, how can anyone stop that if they don’t know about it? If Joe can do that imagine what a good machinist can do. If guns are taken for whatever the reason, new ones can be made. Because of this, a gun ban is meaningless.
Statistics from the FBI’s mountain of data indicate that as gun ownership has gone up, violent crime has gone down. I don’t understand why this is bad but I’m sure some liberal progressive can straighten me out on that.
The weak link is the ammo. With reloading equipment and a few dies you can cast new bullets and reload the shells. The weak links in the weak link are the primers and powder. Many Americans have stockpiled ammo that will provide reusable shell casings so in a long term situation the main replacements you will need will be primers and powder. Even if you don’t have a gun or reloading equipment, stocking selected primers and powder will provide you with an excellent barter item should the situation arise.
My third argument is much simpler. I Won’t Allow It!. I didn’t spend 18 years defending this country so some want-to-be dictator could take my rights away. I know there are many more out there that feel the same way so I know I’m in good company. There are many who would accept the servitude of oppression with open arms, but once an enlightened people have known the dignity of freedom it is difficult to shackle them once again to servitude against their will.
The following is a partial list of books available for “Academic Study” or just go to Amazon and search for home made guns.
Home Made Guns and Home Made Ammo by Ronald Brown
The Do-it-Yourself Submachine Gun by Gerard Metral
The Submachine Gun ( Home Workshop Guns for Defense and Resistance vol1) by Bill Holmes
How To Design Build and Sell Your Own Small Arms by Bill Holmes
Finally, I leave you with this story.
In the war torn country of Lebanon, a man worked at a factory called Sewing Machines Inc. He desperately wanted to buy his wife a new sewing machine but could not afford it. One day he decided he would take one piece every day and take it home with him and when he had all the parts, he would assemble the machine for his wife. The happy day finally came when he had all of the parts but he ran into difficulty. Every time he assembled the parts he ended up with a machine gun.
The Barter Exchange and Security
By: Tom Chatham – Portions of this article were extracted from The American Dream Lost.
In the days following the bottom of a serious crisis the ability to establish a new normal will be important to the community. Recovery will depend on how fast the exchange of goods and services are reestablished to provide the necessities people will need.
A barter exchange would be the best solution to the community’s problem. An exchange run by a person or small group could be set up in a secure area to facilitate the exchange of items. With most barter currency the script is purchased with dollars to put it into circulation but the collapse of fiat money would prevent that. A good solution would be to issue a barter currency that is backed by the items in the exchange. The exchange prints and maintains the currency. A person brings in an item to the exchange and the exchange gives the person barter currency for the value of the item. The item is then available in the exchange for the same amount. The person would be able to save the script for later use, use it immediately to purchase other goods available or to use as payment for services outside of the exchange. The exchange would generate currency by producing value added products. A bushel of corn brought to the exchange could be turned into corn meal which would have more value. The additional value of the cornmeal would be added to the exchanges “account” to pay employees and for the purchase of capital equipment. The value of any items that spoil or become unexchangeable would be deducted from the exchanges account. This would keep any issued certificates fully backed by physical items in the exchange. The exchange manager would decide what items are taken in and in what amounts to prevent spoilage and accumulation of unwanted items. The exchange would set the value of items and it would act to provide a frame of reference to those trading outside of the exchange. The barter currency would act as a medium of exchange in the community to allow an easier exchange of goods. The exchange could be one stop shopping depending on the support of the community and could carry food items, furniture, used clothing or homemade items as the exchange determines appropriate. The items could be valued as follows and we will call the currency units (CU).
1 oz Gold = 250 CU
1 oz Silver = 15 CU
1 Hour work = 3 CU
1 Month rent = 180 CU
30 KWH electricity = 1 CU
1 Gal fuel = 1 CU
1 Bu Wheat = 3 CU
1 Bu. Corn = 1.7 CU
1 Gal. Milk = 1 CU
1 Doz. Eggs = .5 CU
1 lb Cornmeal = .25 CU
1 lb Poultry = .33 CU
1 Chord firewood = 25 CU
1 lb Lead = .5 CU
1 lb Copper = 1 CU
.25 lb Nickel = 1 CU
These valuations are meant to be proportional. For example, six dollars in nickels contains 1 pound of copper and1/4 pound of nickel. Six dollars in nickels would trade for 2 gallons of fuel. A variation on the barter currency could be the use of copper/nickel coinage based on the metal content of the coins versus the face value. When you set the values of products it is helpful to look at the prices at a given point in time when you set the values to help keep everything proportional but supply and demand will also need to be taken into consideration. If you assume that 1 CU equals $3 and do the math the above valuations may make more sense to you. Keep in mind that at the time these valuations were derived some prices may have been lower.
The currency units could be printed in the following denominations.
.1 CU fractional
.5 CU fractional
1 CU
5 CU
20 CU
100 CU
This is only meant to be a guide but will give you a good place to start. The currency could be paper or metal coins and should be produced in a way that makes counterfeiting difficult. Paper currency could be embossed or printed on special paper. This type of exchange must be kept out of the hands of government personnel otherwise they will do to the currency what they have done to the dollar. If you use gold and silver coins as an exchange medium you will basically have the type of barter system we enjoyed before paper currency became the norm. If an exchange is not operational prior to a crisis, the barter currency should be created and stored until needed along with any equipment needed. Those groups or communities that are concerned about a future currency crisis should take steps now to put this type of plan into effect if they have not already done so.
The second issue that needs addressing during a recovery is the security situation. No meaningful recovery can begin until the area is safe for travel and private property is protected from theft. This will require a security force of whatever sort the community determines is appropriate. This issue needs to be delt with as soon as possible to prevent hostile or criminal groups from becoming the dominant force in the area. A safe zone in and around the community will expedite recovery efforts and the production of necessary items to insure the community can return to an acceptable new norm as soon as possible.
The more area that is secured around the community the more potential resources that will be available and the larger the buffer zone will be against possible external threats. Adjacent communities, that can secure their respective areas with overlapping boarders, can provide a reinforcing cluster of safe zones that can be slowly expanded as resources become available. The security plan will be dictated by the needs and resources available to the community so pre-crisis planning is extremely important to assess future needs and secure materials for later deployment. Planning at the community level will be important to respond to the global problems we are about to face. Your plans should assume no outside help so you are not counting on non-existent resources should something happen.
The Three Stages of Crisis
By: Tom Chatham – Author of The American Dream Lost
In every crisis there are three distinct stages that occur to form the complete crisis scenario. Once a crisis occurs, all three stages will be experienced at some level. In preparing for a crisis, you need to be aware of the stages and prepare for each one. A failure to acknowledge any of the stages will cause hardship for those caught up in it. Our ability to foresee danger and take precautionary measures sets us apart from other animals and gives us a distinct advantage when it comes to survivability. We have the ability to create tools and store supplies to see us through the worst of a given situation.
The first stage of any disaster is the pre-crisis interval when a potential crisis becomes suspect. Some will investigate the potential danger further to deduce its’ ramifications on their lives while others will ignore the potential threat in favor of maintaining the status quo so they will not have to face the reality. Many people have a problem facing a reality that suddenly changes and pushes them out of their comfort zone. To acknowledge a threat is to question the sustainability of that comfort zone and the beliefs that the person holds. Those that acknowledge potential threats widen their comfort zones to encompass the threat and they incorporate that into their beliefs so they can accept a changing reality and adapt to it. Once a person accepts a potential threat as real, they determine how best to protect themselves from it and form a defensive plan to deal with it. The defensive measures are dictated by the type of threat and the resources available to the individual. The defensive measures taken act to enhance the persons’ comfort zone and provides mental clarity when reality suddenly changes. This is why some people handle disasters better than others. Their comfort zone already encompasses the new reality and they are able to comprehend what is happening. Those that prepare during a pre-crisis interval are prepared for radical changes in reality.
The second stage of disaster is the unfolding crisis itself. This could be short or long in duration depending on the variables involved. An earthquake is relatively quick while a 1930s style depression is very long. The analysis and preparation one makes prior to an event will determine how well the person gets through the situation. Even without all of the necessary items identified by the prior analysis, a prepared person will fare much better than the unprepared due to the fact that their comfort zone will not have been breeched allowing them to make rational decisions in a timely manner. The preparations made during the pre-crisis interval will lead to successful navigation of the crisis and prepare the individual for the final stage.
The final stage experienced will be the post crisis phase. No matter how bad or long a crisis is, eventually it will end and recovery will begin in some form. A proper evaluation of the potential crisis will provide some insight into what a post crisis reality will require in terms of human and mechanical needs. The recovery effort following a crisis will depend in large part on what preparations were made prior to the crisis to provide infrastructure for the recovery. The failure to plan for a recovery effort will extend the crisis until the necessary situation develops in which recovery can commence. The act of preparation sets the stage for recovery even before the crisis actually happens and can limit how far outside of the comfort zone the crisis extends for unprepared persons. For every person prepared for the crisis, the extent of the crisis will be limited in scope and duration by a proportional amount. Hence, if everyone is prepared for a disaster, the impact will be small and manageable and recovery will be rapid. Many people prepare for disasters but their planning stops at the crisis itself and fails to go beyond it. This can potentially extend the crisis in scale or duration until a majority of the victoms learn to move beyond the crisis and define the new reality they will live in.
As an example, you may determine that you are at risk of a tornado strike because of your location. Because of this you decide that building an underground shelter to protect your family is a sensible action so you build one. This is where most planning stops. If you believe your family is in danger then the possibility of loosing your home is very high also. A complete analysis of the potential danger can lead you to a conclusion that you may also lose your home and leave you without the ability to care for your family. Because of this you may decide to build a more robust shelter and equip it with the ability to house your family for several days and provide for all of their needs. Your post crisis planning will limit the hardship you face and aid in recovery.
To prepare successfully for crisis, you must look through to the other side of the disaster and determine how to best mold the new reality that will exist and prepare for the disruptions that are likely to occur. A plan to redefine the limits of a new reality will speed the recovery and prevent the lost, hopeless feelings that usually accompany any serious crisis. A failure to plan for the post crisis reality will leave the new limits to be discovered by trial and error and lead to a chaotic transformation rather than a smooth one.
American Dreaming
From The American Dream Lost by Tom Chatham
What is the American dream? What makes it American versus Russian or Chinese? The one thing that has set America apart from all others over the years is the freedom we have had to invent and develop ideas. This country was founded on ideas the likes of which had never been conceived before. A man should be free to live his life as he pleases and do as he wants as long as it does not hurt others was a new idea. It was an idea that appealed to many. So strongly did they feel about this that they left their homes and set out across a dangerous ocean not knowing if they would make it to this land where the laws of men did not yet exist. With only their trust in God and each other and the ideas they dreamed of, they created the most prosperous nation in the history of the world. They were not prosperous because of new cities that had been built for them, or crops that had been planted for them, or new machines that had been invented for them. They came to an empty land with vast natural untapped resources. The freedom they enjoyed allowed them to build their own cities, plant their own crops and invent incredible new machines. The natural resources were important but it was their freedom that allowed their growth, prosperity and inventiveness. Freedom allowed them to be as much as they could dream to be. Without really knowing or understanding exactly what it is, people have espoused about living the American dream. The American dream to some is being prosperous in a monetary way. To some it is following their dreams and doing something that they enjoy doing regardless of wealth. In the end the American dream in its purist sense is about the unrestricted freedom to do what makes us happy. That is what set us apart from all other countries. That is what produced our prosperity and happiness.
The dream is fading along with our happiness and prosperity. The American dream has been hijacked by the same evils that have perverted and destroyed it the world over since the beginning of time. It is being ruled and regulated and taxed away by those who have different dreams. Their dreams of wealth and control know no ends. If it is allowed to continue the dream that is unrestricted freedom will die and people will suffer the misery of its progeny, totalitarianism. Not understanding that the dream is actually the availability of freedom, many will let it slip away like grains of sand through their fingers until one day nothing is left.
Rome was not built in a day. It was built brick by brick over many years just as freedom and prosperity are. Just as easily it can be destroyed little by little without much notice until the day people realize it no longer exists. When nations die they end much like cloudy days, with no disernable sunset, no specific moment between light and darkness, just a dim glow that fades into obscurity until nothing remains. The more something degrades the harder it becomes to restore it. Once it is completely destroyed it must be rebuilt from scratch which is a long and difficult process. The American dream is dying and people are at a loss to understand why. They think if they emulate other countries or philosophies they will regain it but this only carries them further away from the dream. Until they rediscover that freedom is the key to happiness and prosperity the slide into the abyss will continue. If the lessons of the past have to be relearned then it will be a long and difficult journey for this nation and its people. History has also taught us that every fiat currency ever created has collapsed. Fiat currency is a confidence game that turns all of its users into debt slaves before ultimately destroying them. The United States is no different than any other country and our time is rapidly approaching. When currencies begin to die governments tighten their control on the people to maintain their power and wealth. When paper money dies you can be sure that those in power have already converted their wealth into tangible items such as gold, property and factories that produce goods. They know that only tangible items are real wealth. The people need to follow this example and do the same before it’s too late. The governments prolific spending is increasing at an alarming rate. We are now at the point that to stop this spending will cause a great deal of pain for the people but continued spending will eventually end the same way and the pain will be unbearable. To put it simply, we can amputate a toe now or the whole leg later. Which would you prefer?
One of the things people equate to the American dream is our standard of living. The abundance that has been created from our freedom over the years is emulated by many across the world. There is little you cannot do or find in America. Most in this country who have never traveled abroad do not understand the incredible gift we have inherited from our fore fathers. It is this lack of understanding that has led to deterioration of our country and our values. Few who enjoy freedom realize the suffering and sacrifice that was necessary to gain it or is required to maintain it. Few are willing to make the sacrifice, instead opting to ride the gravy train never understanding that this ride ends at the bottom of a cliff. The American dream is dying and the only way to save it is to reexamine the way we are living and recapture the spirit that made us great. Nothing in life is free and the cost to regain freedom lost will exact a high cost in blood, sweat and tears. One of the great benefits of our freedom has been our standard of living. It has been decaying for many years because of fraud, waste and abuse in a system that has been perverted to benefit the few while taking from the many. We need to reexamine the way we live and get back to basics in order to regain what we have lost. We need to get back to a business model that has been proven to work. We need to regain a level of freedom and a standard of living that we are losing. To build anything you must start with a good foundation and work up from there. A lot of the decay in our society can be attributed to the decline in our moral underpinnings. When people loose respect for the private property rights of others and accept graft and corruption as a normal part of doing business, the destruction of wealth and prosperity will soon follow. Real wealth is difficult to build and very easy to destroy as many are now finding out. Only through hard work and honest business practices can a nation prosper and grow. That is not to deny that a few corrupt individuals can and have in fact attained unimaginable wealth in this nation. But these individuals have done so at the cost of many others and this wealth is not beneficial to the greater population but in fact hinders the honest business economy and prevents the upward mobility of those affected. One mechanism that has accomplished this is the lobbying efforts of big business that has caused higher taxes, rules and regulations that have forced many small businesses to close and other companies to move overseas. Those that have lost good paying manufacturing jobs to outsourcing now have to make do with lower paying jobs with less upward mobility. This causes these people to have a lower standard of living which flows through the economy causing others to have a lower living standard. A lot of wealth and productive capability is retroactively destroyed because people who otherwise might have brought new ideas and products to market are dissuaded from doing so due to the smaller slower economy. Many will try to defend this outsourcing as a good thing but it ultimately makes everyone a lot poorer in the affected country. If left unchecked, this can destroy a country and its production capability. This can lead to people having to live in a third world economy when they don’t have to. This is a reality that we are beginning to experience in the U.S. as time passes.
Your standard of living is relative. It is made up of all of the things that are available to you that enhance your quality of life and happiness. Everyone has their own idea of happiness so the standard of living will be different for everyone. A man living on a mountain top in a cabin with no running water and no electricity might be very satisfied with his life. If he has shelter, food, clothing, and a caring family that might be everything he wants from life. The more you want the more you will have to labor and earn. For some, having lots of things will mean happiness, for others just having a family to come home to every night will fulfill their needs and wants. A standard of living and happiness are two distinctly different things but they go hand in hand to complement each other. A standard of living involves tangible things that make life easier while happiness is for the most part a state of mind. So don’t confuse your standard of living with your happiness. Most people don’t understand the relationship between these two things and their lives are always out of balance because of it. Having tangible things will increase your productive capability but they won’t make you happy in and of themselves. Your happiness comes from feeling a since of belonging and accomplishment in the actions that you take. Knowing what makes you happy and what you want out of life is the first step to achieving it. A high standard of living is just icing on the cake, not the cake itself. So, don’t confuse yourself.
When Radiation Arrives, What Do You Do? Part I I
By: Tom Chatham – Author of The American Dream Lost and The Crux Event
One of the major problems with a contaminated northern hemisphere is the fact that a large portion of our food supply could be destroyed. This will necessitate you having the means to produce food to feed your family. If you are a refugee in a government shelter you will be one of many that must be fed from a limited supply of food. As things stand now, I don’t see how this type of situation could be anything less than a massive depopulation event. The idea of refugees fighting over dwindling food and water supplies is the main reason you should develop a plan to stay far away from large populations and provide for your own needs. There are two issues you need to keep in mind if evacuation of the northern hemisphere is necessary.
If most of the people move south, assuming it is safe down there, will there be enough housing, food production and natural resources to sustain the population of the whole planet?
There are 104 nuclear reactors in the U.S. that house over 70,000 tons of spent fuel rods. If the U.S. were evacuated, who would remain to maintain coolant in the reactors and spent fuel ponds?
There are many ways to grow food in small areas. If you are confined to an underground shelter the obstacles are huge but not impossible to overcome. The three things you need to grow food indoors is good soil, good water and a supply of energy to provide the necessary light. With a few small animals, such as chickens, to provide some manure and some seeds to plant green manure crops such as clover, it would be possible to keep your soil well fertilized. Having bags of fertilizer to make up the difference would also be very helpful. The production of energy to provide light would be difficult under these circumstances. The availability of LED grow lights would be necessary under these conditions. They produce the red and blue light frequencies that plants need at minimum energy usage. Regular grow lights can be used but will require much more power making your sustainability more difficult.
The following is a list of basic foods you can store that will provide about 2600 calories per day and is nutritionally balanced.
Whole-kernel hard wheat 16 oz per day
Beans 5 oz per day
Non-fat milk powder 2 oz per day
Vegetable oil 1 oz per day
Sugar 2 oz per day
Salt (iodized) 1/3 oz per day
Multi-vitamin pills 1 per day
A daily emergency ration for babies can consist of the following mixed with 4 cups of safe water.
Instant non-fat milk 2.25 oz 1 cup + 2 tablespoons
Vegetable cooking oil 1 oz 3 tablespoons
Sugar .7 oz 2 tablespoons
Standard daily multi-vitamin pill 1/3 pill
More food storage above and beyond these amounts to incorporate a variety of foods would be beneficial for prolonged periods of time but these amounts will provide you with the means to get by and stay healthy.
Nothing will live without water so a secure clean water supply is a primary concern. The best supply would be an artesian well with a hand pump that is located inside your underground shelter. Even with this you may want to have a filtering system to purify the water should it become contaminated. Katadyn water filters can filter up to 13,000 gallons but would require many extra filters if you had to filter water for crops as well as human consumption over an extended period of time.
With enough energy you can do just about anything. With a large power supply an impossible task becomes very easy. Providing energy in a radiological environment can be problematic but is nothing that cannot be overcome. The best forms of energy would be solar and wind. These systems can provide reliable power for many years with little or no maintenance. The one caveat is that high levels of gamma radiation can damage these systems over time so the radiation levels will determine how long these systems will work reliably. If the levels are so high that they affect your energy systems short term then your long term sustainability will also be in question.
The next best power source would be a generator that runs on renewable energy such as ethanol or a wood gassifier. It may not be possible to eat grain that has been grown in the contaminated soil but you may be able to produce fuel with it to power your shelter. This would depend on the amount of radiation you have in your area. A generating system that produces exhaust gasses would be best located in a separate shelter near the surface that allows for the proper ventilation but provides enough protection to maintain the equipment without exposing yourself to high levels of radiation. With LED lighting you may be able to provide most of your power with a human powered generator connected to a bicycle or something similar.
Shielding Requirements:
Fallout from across the Pacific might require you to shelter in a secure location until the radiation levels drop to negligible levels. An underground shelter with 3 feet of soil for shielding can protect you from 99.9% of gamma radiation hazards derived from nuclear explosions in the Pacific region. Twenty inches of dirt can provide a protection factor of around 200. Six inches of concrete covered with 30 inches of dirt will provide a protection factor of about 1000. This means you will receive about 1/1000 as much radiation inside as you will outside. The problem with a nuclear plant scenario is that if it is not encased in concrete or some other shielding material it will release radiation on a continuous basis for many years. This can make a return to the surface very difficult and at some point will create a permanent dead zone that would have to be abandoned for all practical purposes. If the cooling ponds at Fukushima suffer more damage exposing the rods, a radioactive fire could result that could spew radiation for up to a century. The plant at Chernobyl was encased in concrete to prevent this type of scenario. If a radioactive fire of this nature were to result it would be questionable if any place on Earth would be safe. Low levels of radiation may be survivable for middle age people for many years and only shorten their lives by a decade or so but the real problem lies with the children. Young and unborn children are more susceptible to radiation that can damage DNA, cause serious deformities and end their lives much too soon. The issue of sheltering is more for the protection of children and the continuance of our species than anything else so that should be the driving force behind the plans we make. More than likely the Fukushima radiation will continue in low doses for many years and cause an increase in cancer rates around the world but we can not rule out an escalation from this danger at some point in the future.
The following doses will be listed as R for roentgen.
Few receiving doses of 100 R or less would become sick. All of those exposed to doses of 100R to 200R should recover from radiation effects but some could die if infection or disease reduces their resistance. Total doses of this size or even larger received over a period of a few months in small doses of around 6R per day should result in no incapacitating symptoms. The human body can repair most radiation damage if the daily doses are not too large. The majority of those with doses less than 350R should recover without medical treatment. Almost all of those receiving a dose of 600R would die within a few weeks. Symptoms of radiation sickness are nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness and a general feeling of illness. These symptoms can begin several hours after receiving a dose of 100R to 200R and within 30 minutes or less after receiving a fatal dose. In doses of 1000R to 5000R death will result in 2 to 14 days. A dose of 5000R results in death within 48 hours. Persons dieing from radiation sickness are not sources of dangerous radiation and radiation sickness is not contagious. Some people may exhibit symptoms in a shelter following an event but these could be nothing more than stress related symptoms so some common sense needs to be applied in diagnosis.
Is it realistic to plan for long term underground sheltering? Maybe not for most people but given a worst case scenario what are the options? Good information on radiation, homemade ventilation, radiation meters and other shelter equipment can be found in the book Nuclear War Survival Skills which can be downloaded for free on the internet.
We have the knowledge to build safe nuclear plants and to store and dispose of radioactive materials in a responsible manner. Why don’t we? The sad truth is, we don’t because there is no money in it. It is much more profitable to look the other way and do the wrong thing. In the end, the profit motives of big corporations may very well end life as we know it on this planet.
When Radiation Arrives, What Do You Do? Part I
Fukushima has been spewing radioactive particles since it exploded over a year ago. There are reports from numerous sources that this could become a global nightmare at some point. It has been said that the collapse of the cooling pool in reactor 4 would cover the northern hemisphere with life destroying radiation. What do you do when this local disaster becomes a global catastrophe? In this event you only have two options. Leave the contaminated area or provide protection for you and your family. There is a third option which entails doing nothing and possibly dieing a slow horrible death, but that requires no action on your part so we won’t discuss that option. The contamination could come in two levels. It could be in the form of a lethal dose in a matter of days or weeks or it could be low levels for many years that will eventually take your life.
What are your options for evacuation? You could buy a home in another country and get settled before a general evacuation is under way or you could wait to be evacuated by a government entity and hope for some type of permanent shelter. A mobile shelter might be a good option if you want to maintain some privacy and distance from the crowds of refugees that will result. A plane, train, RV or boat could be used as an evacuation vehicle/shelter. Most people do not have the means to buy a plane to utilize as a home but it is an option. A railroad car could be bought and converted into a home and you could have it hauled to your destination. An RV can be driven to just about any country in the western hemisphere and will provide you with reasonable mobility. A boat might be the best option for an evacuation vehicle/shelter giving you good mobility and shelter. With a well equipped sail boat you can travel to just about any place on earth as the situation dictates. With a boat you will not have the ability to plant a garden or raise a large amount of livestock but a few planters, a couple of chickens to produce eggs and a few rabbits are possible. This combined with the seafood you can catch can allow you to eat regularly.
For most Americans, relocating to the southern hemisphere is not possible for many reasons. It could be physical or financial disabilities that force you to remain in the U.S. to deal with the situation. Even if the government had the means to evacuate the entire U.S. , which it does not, you would live the remainder of your life as a refugee in a foreign country. If you evacuate, regardless of how, then you may be free of the hazard, but what do you do if you and your family are forced to stay and deal with the radiation? I haven’t seen anyone address that issue so let’s look at a few of the issues regarding sheltering in place.
The first thing you need to be concerned about is dose rate and total dose. Dose rate is the amount of radiation your body is absorbing on a continuous basis or how fast you are absorbing radiation. Total dose is the total amount you have already absorbed. Most people do not know it but the body has the ability to remove small amounts of absorbed radiation over time. Even in normal times the human body is constantly absorbing background radiation from many sources but the body is able to remove it fast enough to offset the effects. At certain levels, the total dose can start to cause physical problems in your body so in a radiological environment your primary concern is to limit your total dose. Depending on the type of radiation this can be done in different ways. Some radiation can be kept at bay with protective over-garments to keep the radiation away from your skin. Other types of radiation may require something more substantial such as several inches of concrete or steel or several feet of dirt.
When you are dealing with fallout from another location you may need to employ multiple types of protection during your daily routine. One thing you need to keep in mind is that you need to keep as much distance between you and the source of radiation as possible. If the outside air and surface is contaminated you want to remain inside behind as much shielding material as you can unless it is necessary to go outside. When you go out you need to keep your exposure time as short as possible. Limited exposure to low level radiation can be endured and survivable for a very long time if you have a good shelter to spend most of your time in.
If you are operating in a radiological environment on a regular basis you will need a dosimeter to carry with you at all times and record your daily total dose so you do not expose yourself to too much radiation. If you plan to do limited work in a contaminated environment, you will need the ability to decontaminate yourself upon reentry to your shelter. You need to plan for this ahead of time and have suitable room to accomplish this. The simplist method to decon yourself is brush or vacuum the dust particles from your equipment and to take a shower with hot soapy water placing special emphasis on hair and under nails where particles can accumulate.
One of the first things most people will say is, surviving in a shelter for months or years is impossible and unrealistic. It was also impossible to stay underwater in a sub for months at a time until nuclear powered subs were invented. Necessity is the mother of invention. If a person is forced to live in a contaminated area for an extended period of time they will figure out how to do so for as long as possible. Is it going to be easy? No. Is it going to be dangerous? Yes. Will you have huge obstacles to overcome? Yes. The question is , are you going to give up or fight to live? Remember, you can evacuate or stay, and if you stay for whatever reason you will have to figure out how to stay alive. You will need to figure out how to provide clean air, fresh water, food, energy and sanitation. Most taxpayers cannot afford to build a fallout shelter and stock it with a multi year food supply, partially due to the fact that they have had to finance well stocked shelters for the government. So, what is a person to do on a limited budget?
It’s like anything else a prepper has to do. You need to use your American ingenuity and develop a plan that will work for you. A basement would work with some additional shielding in the ceiling and around the windows. A dedicated fallout shelter in the backyard would be good too if you can afford the construction cost. Basically, something underground utilizing dirt and concrete would be the most effective method. Used cargo containers buried under a few feet of earth might work well also. Maybe you have access to an abandoned mine shaft you can build up into a shelter. It all depends on what resources you have access to. Even if you develop a plan to survive in a contaminated area, you need to keep in mind what kind of future you are looking forward to. Some contamination is dangerous for years or decades. What kind of life will be possible on the surface? How long will it be before the surface can be used again for plant and animal life? What kind of future will you be able to build underground? If you feel this is something you need to plan for, then you need to think about these questions. If you plan to survive a disaster such as this over the course of many years it will require a great deal of thought on your part. One of the difficulties in answering some of these questions is not knowing how much radiation you will have to deal with, so multiple plans may be necessary to determine the realistic ability to shelter in place under increasing contamination levels.
Fifty Tools and Technologies to Rebuild Civilization
By: Tom Chatham – Author of The Crux Event
The universe has no shortage of ways to hamper mans’ progress. Catastrophic disasters have happened on Earth before and they are likely to happen again in the future. This does not mean it is useless to try to improve the world we live in, it just means we need to be aware of the things we take for granted. There may come a day when we cannot just run to the store and pick them up. In a catastrophic scenario what would we need to rebuild our world and carry on? The following is a list of possible items that would allow us to restart our culture from scratch and move on again.
Disc Harrow
Seed Drill
Cotton Gin
Sheep Shears and Scissors
Sewing Needle
Spinning Wheel
Weaving Loom
Treadle Sewing Machine
Slide Rule
Printing Press
Paper Manufacturing
Manual Grain Mill
Butter Churn and Cream Separator
Oil Lamp
Wood Cook Stove
Manual Water Pump
Telegraph Keys
Vacuum Tube Radio Technology
Electrical Generator
Arc Welder
Vinyl Records
Mechanical Clock
Absorption Refrigeration
Steel Production
Metal Lathe
Drill Press
Milling Machine
Metal Shaper
Tempered Glass Production
Plastic Production
Rubber Production
Castor Oil Lubricants Production
Ethanol Production
Wire Production
Steam Engine
Steam Boiler
This list is subjective but it encompasses most of the technologies that we consider necessary to provide a good quality of life. It may not be possible for every person to learn all of the intricacies of all these technologies but the quest to learn as much about these things as you can is rewarding in and of itself. We must always work to better ourselves and the acquisition of knowledge is one of the ways to do this.
It’s Almost Time For Panic. Five disasters that can push humanity off the cliff.
So much is happening these days that it is hard for the average person to keep up. There are a number of situations developing around the world that we need to pay attention to.
Water aquifers and surface supplies are rapidly dwindling in the U.S. and are causing potential shortages in the southern mid-west and Californias’ Central valley. These two areas produce most of our vegetables and grain. Weather patterns are changing and seem to be reverting to patterns seen in the 1930’s which caused the dreaded dust bowl. Many of our rivers and lakes are now so polluted they are permanent dead zones for sea life. This potential water shortage is becoming more of a reality every year. Without water, nothing lives or grows, it’s as simple as that. As this problem becomes more pronounced, rationing will give way to fighting over the dwindling resource. This fighting will go from local to international in scope and everyone will be touched by it.
Genetically modified foods are touted as the cure all for higher crop yields yet the research shows that GM seeds produce no more than Non-GM seeds. These new seeds are modified to produce their own pesticides in some cases and these chemicals are still present when they go into our mouth. Some of these seeds are modified to resist new weed killers that can be applied liberally to fields. Some scientists are now claiming that this over use of weed killers are producing super weeds. Some of these weed killers are now linked to colony Collapse Disorder which is killing off most of our bees. Without bees to pollinate some crops, the yields drop substantially. Monsantos’ answer to this problem was to buy the research firm doing bee research and kill the bad publicity. These GM crops are also being linked to some health problems now prevalent in people. GM crops which are so widely used in the U.S. now are cross pollinating with heritage crops causing untold damage to the natural seeds beneficial qualities and destroying their reproductive capabilities. Once all of the heritage seeds have been contaminated our ability to save seeds and produce healthy crops will be destroyed forever.
The radiation hazard from Fukushima is becoming better known every day and it looks very bad. The damaged reactors are still spewing radiation into the air and water. Low levels of radiation have been recorded just about everywhere in the northern hemisphere and there are reports that there were a lot of deformities in newborns along the west coast following the event in 2011. Areas around Tokyo Bay are showing higher levels of radiation than there should be and some reports state that any further destruction of the Fukishima plant will be catastrophic for a large portion of the world. In the 1960’s when the Chinese tested their fist Atomic bombs the radiation from those tests showed up as far east as the Tennessee Valley where it was detected in milk from dairy cattle. The radiation from Japan is much worse and could cause serious damage to our food production if it continues unabated or gets worse. The radiation from Fukushima that is being dumped into the Pacific ocean is starting to show up in sea life on the U.S. coast. Scientists recently tested 15 blue fin tuna caught off the coast of California and determined the radiation they contained was 3% above normal background radiation. This radiation consisted of Cesium 134 and 137. These fish are older and the fish spawned off of Japan just after the event could have much more radiation as this is where they spend most of their early life. These fish should start showing up on the U.S. coast soon and give us some indication of the extent of the contamination to seafood.
Next to food and water one of the linchpins of modern civilization is electricity. With our ever increasing need for energy to run all of our electronic gadgets we leave ourselves open to a disaster of epic proportions by not taking the threat of a grid down situation seriously. Cyber warfare or an enemy EMP can send us 100 years into the past very quickly. Many take for granted the systems we rely on daily for our most basic needs. Food, water, transportation and communications rely on a carefully choreographed system of electronics to transport and distribute the things we need and any disruption of the delivery system can be catastrophic. It would only take a few days without electricity to cause discomfort and a few weeks to cause general desperation by most of the population. It’s been said that a year after an EMP 90% of the U.S. population would be dead. Too few Americans have the skills or infrastructure to care for themselves like our ancestors. Cyber terrorists and unfriendly governments around the world target the U.S. power grid on a daily basis looking for weak links and planting worms and back doors for later deployment. Our SCADA systems are not as secure as they should be and our enemies know it. In the opening hours of hostilities a potential enemy could shut down most of our systems causing untold physical damage to systems. In the event of an EMP laydown, the war would effectively be over as far as we are concerned. The nation could not wage war while simultaneously trying to provide basic necessities and maintain order for its’ entire population due to a failure of the distribution system. We have the knowledge to harden our systems to prevent this from happening but we fail to take the threat seriously. This is one of the few ways this nation could lose a war.
The U.S. has allowed itself to build a house of cards consisting of a fiat currency. History has shown that every fiat currency ever created has collapsed. The politicians print money to buy votes and the citizens happily support it in order to ride the gravy train to happiness. Americans lack of historical knowledge keeps them blind to the end result of this process and insures the end will be chaotic and destructive. As more money is printed the price of goods goes up and the buying power and standard of living goes down, until one day everything comes to a casualty producing halt. When this type of process happens it can take decades to repair the damage to the national economy and political change can result in a dramatic loss of freedoms.
All of these disasters share three things in common. They are man made. They are being covered up to some extent by corporations and governments. They will have a disastrous effect on large populations around the world when they happen and the truth becomes known.
Our air, water, financial and physical health and food supply are being contaminated and destroyed. The pillars of our technology are at risk We have the capability to fix these things but those that know the truth refuse to even acknowledge the problem and one has to ask why? Some disasters are beyond mans control but these are self inflicted injuries and we need to ask why? Who will benefit from these destructive acts? Why would we do this to ourselves and posterity?
Anyone that finds these things alarming should take precautions now to limit the damage to their family in the coming years. Buying or building filtering systems for your air and water, putting aside some heritage seeds for future use and taking steps to preserve your wealth are just some of the things you need to consider now while you still have the ability to shape future outcomes for your family. The end of normal times is near. When the general population is finally confronted with the truth they will panic because it will be too late to make any meaningful changes and resources will be in short supply. When the population panics, don’t be part of the group. Be some place safe. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9622738361358644}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '111054', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:WPID4Q2XQEP3Q4SJD5LJMEYGCALO4Q7E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cd8b69db-fc37-42d0-8ce3-f5737ccdabd0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 6, 18, 5, 50, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:WFDIBMQVHGQ5UCHQFNVQT42NFAHP7ZRV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:3ef4bf96-2bfe-4030-b1e9-d9f9f75a9634>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://projectchesapeake.wordpress.com/2012/06/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:66951de8-78ee-49e0-890c-46ee88acb5d8>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '9969', 'url': 'https://projectchesapeake.wordpress.com/2012/06/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-26\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-13-190-31.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07796555757522583', 'original_id': '1e594c4b9c433a05e524ecbb8c5ada9bad2a025e1f64cf358c54d10fbf28420d'} |
Tuesday, August 24, 2010
Your Dog And Leptospirosis
Guest post by Lorie Huston, DVM
Leptospirosis is a disease that is seen worldwide. It affects many types of animals, both wild and domestic, including dogs, rats and other rodents, raccoons, skunks, deer and many others. Leptospirosis can also infect people, making the disease even more troublesome. Cats can be infected but feline infection is rare.
Leptospirosis is caused by a bacteria known as a spirochaete or a leptospire, named after its spiral shape. The bacteria is typically spread through contamination of water, soil and other objects with urine or other body fluids from infected animals.
• Dogs may be exposed through drinking, walking through or swimming in contaminated water.
• Infection may also occur through contact of damaged or abraded skin with contaminated soil, water or other objects.
• Contact with reproductive secretions can also transmit leptospirosis.
• Ingestion of tissue infected with the leptospire bacteria can infect an animal.
• Bite wounds are potential sources of infection with leptospirosis as well.
Leptospirosis in dogs can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe, life-threatening disease. The disease may affect the kidneys and/or the liver of the infected dog.
Symptoms seen with leptospirosis include:
• fever
• lethargy
• weakness
• decreased appetite
• joint and muscle pain
• nausea and/or vomiting
• diarrhea
• excessive water consumption
• excessive urination
• jaundice or icterus (a yellow coloration of the skin and mucous membranes usually resulting from liver failure)
• low platelet counts leading to abnormal bleeding
Leptospirosis in dogs is treatable with antibiotics. If diagnosed and treated early in the course of disease, it may be possible to minimize the amount of damage to the kidneys and/or liver and decrease the length of the recovery period. However, in more advanced cases, more aggressive treatment is likely to be needed and may include fluid therapy to combat dehydration and even dialysis to remove toxins from the blood stream while the pet recovers. Leptospirosis can be fatal in some cases.
Leptospirosis is also considered to be a zoonotic disease, meaning that it can infect people as well as dogs and other animals. While the risk of exposure to you is minimal with normal day to day contact, if you handle urine, blood or other tissues from an infected dog, you may expose yourself to leptospirosis and proper precautions should be taken, including wearing gloves and using thorough hand washing techniques.
People may also become infected through contact with water, food or soil that has been contaminated with urine from an infected animal. This may happen by eating contaminated food, drinking contaminated water or through contact with broken skin or the membranes in the eyes or nose.
Several types of vaccinations are available for leptospirosis in dogs. Some protect against only two serovars (subtypes) of leptospirosis while others provide protection against four serovars. No vaccine is available that provides protection against all natural occurring serovars. Because the leptospirosis vaccine is considered to be a non-core vaccine, it is important to determine your dog’s risk of exposure and weigh the risks versus the benefits of administering the vaccine. Your veterinarian can help you determine whether leptospirosis is a threat to your dog based on your dog’s lifestyle and the incidence of leptospirosis in your geographic area. Together, you can decide whether vaccination is appropriate for your dog.
Lorie Huston has been practicing veterinary medicine for over 20 years. Besides a successful career in a busy small animal hospital in Providence, RI, Lorie is also a successful freelance writer specializing in pet care and pet health topics. Currently, she is the feature writer for the Pet Care section at Suite101.com and the National Pet Health Examiner at Examiner.com. Lorie also publishes her own blog, The Pet Health Care Gazette and manages an increasingly popular facebook page, The Voice of Pet Care. In addition, she co-moderates DogTalk, a weekly twitter chat that focuses on a variety of dog topics.
1. 2 questions for Dr. Huston
#1 - how common are lepto infections, as in do you see it often in your practice?
#2 - It is necessary for "city dogs" to get lepto vaccinations?
2. Dear Karen
Dr. Lorie will answer as soon as she can, I'm figuring later today.
3. Hi, Karen.
Good to see you here :-)
In answer to your questions:
#1 - That really depends on the area in which you're located and it can vary quite a bit from one geographical location to another. In my practice and in my locality, we see it often enough that I consider it to be a threat to most of my canine patients, even the city dogs. The veterinarians in your area should be able to give you a pretty good idea how prevalent the disease is in your area.
#2 - As in question #1, it depends on where you're located and the incidence of infection. City dogs are not necessarily protected though just because they live in the city. Where I practice in Providence, rats and other rodents are, unfortunately, common in our neighborhoods and can spread leptospirosis.
I'll be providing more information on my blog shortly about leptospirosis vaccination, so stay tuned there!
Here is an article you might find interesting: http://www.clickondetroit.com/family/24735118/detail.html. This article talks about an "outbreak" of leptospirosis due to road construction!
4. You know it really should be said that the RISKS and CHANCES of getting leptospirosis for the average dog, are FAR FAR FAR LESS than the risks and dangers the vaccines for it pose. Some dogs, including the Jack Russell terrier have a gene they carry where getting the lepto vaccine can make them extremely sicker than other dogs without this gene. Please see truthaboutvaccines.com and PLEASE EVERYONE DO NOT GIVE IN TO THESE SCARE TACTICS!
5. Thanks Dr. Huston!
My vet has never brought up the lepto questions, so I'm assuming that it's really not a big deal in Toronto.
6. @Karen: You're welcome. And I'm sure if your vet hasn't spoken to you about it, it probably isn't an issue there :-)
@anon mouse: Thank you for sharing your opinion.
I am not advocating leptospirosis vaccines for all dogs, nor do most other veterinarians to my knowledge. You are correct in stating that for SOME dogs, the risks of the vaccine may outweigh the risk of actually being exposed to the disease. If that is the case, the vaccine should NOT be administered.
However, in other cases, this may not be the situation. In some areas, leptospirosis can be a real problem and the likelihood of exposure to the disease changes depending on the dog's lifestyle also. For dogs at moderate to high risk of exposure, vaccination may be warranted.
In any case, being aware of the disease and discussing your dog's individual risk with your veterinarian is a wise move for all pet owners. Together, an educated decision can be reached regarding whether or not the vaccine is appropriate for your individual dog.
7. Dr.Huston,
My dog,Bandit was confirmed with Leptospirosis.He's a 6 month-old Siberian husky. Currently getting treatment at a vet,he's terribly lethargic and depreseed,has been vomiting for the past few days and just started showing signs of conjuctivitis and eye inflammation .Doctor says his kidney levels are bad and there hasnt been much improvement since we admitted him yesterday,besides the fact that he's not vomiting as much as before,i'm told that the jaundice is next and there's a 50-50 chance of survival?
8. So sorry about Bandit, Dr. Huston will take a look at your comment as soon as she has a moment.
9. I'm sorry to hear about Bandit! Unfortunately, kidney failure is one of the potential symptoms of leptospirosis. Liver failure is the other and some dogs suffer one or the other while some suffer both.
Either way, leptospirosis is a serious disease and is potentially fatal. Treatment consists of appropriate antibiotics and supportive care, which usually includes fluids to battle dehydration, anti-emetic medications to battle nausea and vomiting if necessary, and other nursing care. In some cases, treatment is successful. In others, it is not. It all depends on the severity of disease, the condition of the dog and the response to treatment.
Good luck with Bandit. I know that this is devastating for you and your family. My thoughts are with all of you.
10. Dr. Huston
My husky is 6 months old, she had been bitten by a rat an hour ago. I look at her card, she had been immunized for leptospirosis. Has she been OK? She had taken 3 shots of it.
1. Leptospirosis is transmitted mainly by contact with urine or drinking water an infected animal urinated in. A healthy rat isn't very likely spread disease through bites, though you do need to tend to the wound. I think that local infection is much more likely than anything else. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '80', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9565672278404236}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '143862', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:LNS4MKA4RV67ZYEJFYLEW7M4VYHW4FEW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:58749b71-53ea-4e3a-bdc2-a5262469e0d0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 22, 19, 56, 5), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:XHLSTWVBPLDPQQRIFH3Z5NFBNA4G5QQ5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:229f7214-411a-4150-8041-14c49820ca11>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://dawgbusiness.blogspot.com/2010/08/your-dog-and-leptospirosis.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:771fb1ee-e93f-4423-bab7-3bc5a0bc37d7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1470', 'url': 'http://dawgbusiness.blogspot.com/2010/08/your-dog-and-leptospirosis.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.037888407707214355', 'original_id': '7167063a571376e0fe8ea72803b54640582eaf6f00b82e816638c3fd50164d40'} |
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<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Boubouille</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:04 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Update - Added Crimson Halls Hotfixes.<br />
<br />
MMO-Champion is recruiting forum moderators!<br />
I am looking for moderators. A lot of moderators. If you check the forums regularly you probably saw a few change happens and more things are on my lists.<br />
<br />
That's why more moderators are needed, the forums aren't necessarily the happiest place on earth at the moment and the curent team of super-awesome moderators (who have to take care of 3 to 5000 posts each day) would be happy to have new friends. <br />
<br />
Are you interested? Please <br />
send me a mail (boubouille@mmo-champion.com?subject=[Moderator] Your-Username-Goes-Here) (and only a mail, no private messages) with the following details :<br />
<br />
Your account name on the forums. Please use [Moderator] "Username" for the title of your mail.<br />
Real life info. (Age / Location mostly, we don't need to know much more than that) <br />
A few words on why you want to be a moderator.<br />
The name of the forum you want to moderate. (Up to 2 forums, you will only be recruited for one and the 2nd choice will be used if we have too many applications for the first one) <br />
<br />
Important - You cannot apply if you registered less than a month ago or if you have less than 100 posts on the forums. I might accept people who have slightly less than that if they look like awesome potential moderators but your post history is the only thing we can use to make a decision. <br />
<br />
<br />
Crimson Halls Hotfixes<br />
Listed below are recent fixes we have applied to the game. Keep in mind that some of these changes may not be active until after the realm has been restarted.<br />
<br />
To review previous in-game fixes, please visit: http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=21723843880&sid=1<br />
<br />
1/21<br />
Blood Queen Lana’thel will only be available after the Blood Prince Council is defeated.<br />
Blood Queen Lana’thel's Essence has a longer duration.<br />
Kinetic Bombs no longer aggro Blood Queen Lana’thel during the Blood Princes encounter.<br />
Blood Queen Lanathel should no longer cast Vampiric Bite on pets. <br />
<br />
<br />
Blue posts<br />
Skipping to the last boss in Heroics<br />
While there may be some instances in which you can do this manually, our intention wasn't to make this an exceedingly quick way to get two Emblems of Frost. This is more of a method to encourage players to participate in the Looking for Group system and help those who are playing through the dungeons get ready for the epic encounters that await them in our currently available raid content. Thus, implementing a "skip to the finale boss" mechanism would be counter to those goals. (Source (http://blue.mmo-champion.com/1/22748775436-let-us-skip-to-last-boss-in-heroic-please.html))<br />
<br />
Resilience Boost Hotfix<br />
We don't want resilience per se to bring with it the "kiss / curse" of also nerfing your own healing output or heals received. We want players to like resilience on PvP gear. It shouldn't be a hard decision. We'd prefer a model where resilience improves your survivability without any real downside.<br />
<br />
If we implement a healing change, it would be temporary because health pools will be larger in Cataclysm, proportionate to healing, so we don't think that will be a problem. Burst damage may be less of a problem too for the same reason, but we're less confident of that. If it isn't a problem, then we can change the resilience scaling again. (Source (http://blue.mmo-champion.com/28/22748774679-resilience-requires-additional-alterations.html))<br />
<br />
Rated Battlegrounds<br />
We have announced our plans to add a rating system to the Battlegrounds to bring back much better rewards and premade teams for Cataclysm. This is a system that has been under development for quite some time, and development will continue on it until we get it right. Adding this type of system into the game isn't trivial. We want to make sure Battlegrounds provide new levels of competition, properly measure success, and adequately award players according to their performance.<br />
<br />
We'll be sharing more about this system as we get further along in development of the next expansion. (Source (http://blue.mmo-champion.com/1/22748815416-pvp-is-dying-alive-do-you-even-care.html))<br />
<br />
<br />
Blood Queen Lana'thel Videos<br />
The first video of Blood Queen Lana'thel I posted wasn't complete and some people couldn't see it because of the restrictions on copyrighted music. Here is a new one! <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
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<br />
Another video was also released, this one explains an ... interesting way to complete the encounter in 10-man. It doesn't really use any bug so let's just call it clever use of game mechanics.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<object width="640" height="405"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/S6VMysQNIZM&hl=en_US&fs=1&"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/S6VMysQNIZM&hl=en_US&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="405"></embed></object><br />
<br />
<br />
Fan Arts<br />
The official site (http://www.blizzard.com/us/inblizz/fanart/) has been updated with a couple of fan arts.<br />
<br />
<br />
http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss927_small.jpg (http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss927.jpg) http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss928_small.jpg (http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss928.jpg) http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss929_small.jpg (http://static.mmo-champion.com/mmoc/images/news/2010/january/ss929.jpg)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">SalcN</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:07 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Blood-Queen not spawning<br />
We're currently working on a hotfix for the issue where the Blood-Queen is not spawned if you killed the Council on a previous night<br />
<br />
Haha Awesome !</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Sauveur</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:09 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">I'm sure you guys need all the help you can get :)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">LavaDuck</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:13 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">edit: he fixed it</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Mordret</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:17 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Lots of spam is coming your way Boub ;)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Jimmypopali</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:43 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Skip to the last boss? Oh god no....<br />
<br />
I really try to optimistic with the changes blizz makes but this really is like handing tokens over to players. More so than before. Think of all that time wasted on creating the instances. Also how new players will never have to learn encounters (if they choose to) which will probably help them learn and be more familiar with more important raid encounters.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Marzenia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:50 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Name: Marzenia<br />
Posts: 24 (0.095 per day)<br />
<br />
I better start posting quickly.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Bamsemums</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:03 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Name: Marzenia<br />
Posts: 24 (0.095 per day)<br />
<br />
I better start posting quickly. <br />
<br />
<br />
Name: Bamsemums<br />
Post: 1 (2 with this one)<br />
Joined: January 21st, 2010<br />
<br />
That's what I get for lurking. :P</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">LavaDuck</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:05 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Name: Marzenia<br />
Posts: 24 (0.095 per day)<br />
<br />
I better start posting quickly. <br />
<br />
Hi Marzenia o/<br />
<br />
Me love you long time!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">skyesfury</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:08 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Another video was also released, this one explains an ... interesting way to complete the encounter in 10-man. It doesn't really use any bug so let's just call it clever use of game mechanics.<br />
Or as Blizzard would ignorantly put it..... exploiting. *points to Flame Lev and Blizz's bad call*<br />
<br />
Gratz to those that get to enjoy the unique method while it lasts.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Marzenia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:10 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Hi Marzenia o/<br />
<br />
Me love you long time!<br />
<br />
LavaDuck<br />
Hero Member<br />
<br />
Posts: 1539<br />
<br />
F***ing spammer...<br />
I still heart you so much!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">juelz</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:11 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Another video was also released, this one explains an ... interesting way to complete the encounter in 10-man. It doesn't really use any bug so let's just call it clever use of game mechanics.<br />
<br />
<br />
I wouldn't call it clever use of game mechanics, people were doing this exact same thing for Saurfang until it was changed to have the debuff persist through death and ghost.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Armengar</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:14 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Hmmm that KT fan art seems to predict yet another setback, the raiders are all wearing wotlk gear and engaging KT yet again!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Bamsemums</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:16 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Skipping to the last boss in Heroics<br />
<br />
Seriously.. why are guys, like the person asking for this, playing the game at all?<br />
<br />
Couldn't he just have said "BLIzzard! gief everyone hc t10 set plix!!1 y shoudl we farm 4 it?! it boring!"<br />
<br />
People have become spoiled.. :/</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Myzrael</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:21 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">"Clever use of game mechanics" is probably way to do Lana'thel on heroic or something, We tried it with our guild but few got mced in the end and wiped us on 3% due to enrage :(<br />
But boss biting a pet.. what an unfortunate way to waste a try ;)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">pizzlepaps</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:22 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Seriously.. why are guys, like the person asking for this, playing the game at all?<br />
<br />
Couldn't he just have said "BLIzzard! gief everyone hc t10 set plix!!1 y shoudl we farm 4 it?! it boring!"<br />
<br />
People have become spoiled.. :/<br />
<br />
<br />
the point is heroics are very stale content after 14 months of doing them. it's all very well to want to complete them if you haven't done each one 50 times, but being forced to do them for 2 badges is lame.<br />
<br />
i'd much rather have bosses drop 3 in ICC, and eliminate the 2 per heroic</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Roshar</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:24 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">The hotfix to the duration of the Essence was made to prevent raids from sacrificing a player anyway so it's no longer valid.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">LavaDuck</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:29 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">LavaDuck<br />
Hero Member<br />
<br />
Posts: 1539<br />
<br />
F***ing spammer...<br />
I still heart you so much!<br />
<br />
:-[ :-\ :'(<br />
Only average of 2 posts a day.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoceba8ecc600</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:34 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">how long is the Blood Queen Lana’thel's Essence duration now?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Wachovia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:35 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">the point is heroics are very stale content after 14 months of doing them. it's all very well to want to complete them if you haven't done each one 50 times, but being forced to do them for 2 badges is lame.<br />
<br />
i'd much rather have bosses drop 3 in ICC, and eliminate the 2 per heroic<br />
<br />
<br />
People like you are what is wrong with this game. By your logic, raiding the same instance over and over again for a few months gets boring, so they should just have a box of loot at the beginning to save you the trouble. <br />
<br />
You are rewarded emblems for doing the heroics, no one is forcing you to farm emblems, nor are they forcing you to do a heroic.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Sauerkraud</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:45 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Hmmm that KT fan art seems to predict yet another setback, the raiders are all wearing wotlk gear and engaging KT yet again!<br />
<br />
thought the same :D</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Bamsemums</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:46 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">the point is heroics are very stale content after 14 months of doing them. it's all very well to want to complete them if you haven't done each one 50 times, but being forced to do them for 2 badges is lame.<br />
<br />
i'd much rather have bosses drop 3 in ICC, and eliminate the 2 per heroic<br />
<br />
<br />
I try and do between 5-10 randoms a day. Yes, it does get "stale" and repetitive, but that still no excuse to just skip everything. If people think it's to boring, do something else. Besides, if you want to experience the higher tier content start raiding or set up an arena team. If your guild isn't doing any of those, change guild. Hell, change server for that matter. :P</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Jonkheer</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 09:48 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">I'm really happy for the "skip to the finale boss". Few days ago had an arrogant tank in UP who skipped the first 2 bosses because he wanted frost badges.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Marzenia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:02 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">:-[ :-\ :'(<br />
Only average of 2 posts a day.<br />
<br />
Dun cry... :'(</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoccc32bf69b9</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:02 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Name: Marzenia<br />
Posts: 24 (0.095 per day)<br />
<br />
I better start posting quickly. <br />
<br />
<br />
No spamming, now :o</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Orionsoliara</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:12 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">how long is the Blood Queen Lana’thel's Essence duration now? <br />
<br />
<br />
60 seconds instead of 50 is what I've heard.<br />
Can anyone confirm?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Marzenia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:18 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">No spamming, now :o<br />
<br />
<br />
Sorry.... I do not understand what you mean...<br />
goes back to the kitchen</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Xentropy</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:21 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">how long is the Blood Queen Lana’thel's Essence duration now? <br />
<br />
<br />
"A hotfix was deployed earlier today that increased the duration of Essence of the Blood Queen from 60 seconds in 10 player mode to 75 seconds and (from) 50 seconds in 25 player mode to 60 seconds."<br />
<br />
Basically the hotfix was done specifically to counter the letting someone die on purpose strategy outlined in this 10-man video and also used by many groups in 25-man (1-2-4-3 (death/res)-6-12-24 instead of 1-2-4-8-16-32(MC wipe)). Now that it lasts 60 seconds instead of 50 in 25-man and 75 instead of 60 in 10-man, the hard enrage lines up with the soft enrage of having people get mind controlled due to lack of people left to bite, WITHOUT having to let someone die to line the enrages up.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">lilbandit</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:23 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Sorry.... I do not understand what you mean...<br />
goes back to the kitchen<br />
<br />
<br />
"Spamming" - definition = "the art of passing off SPAM as actual meat"</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">LavaDuck</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:31 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Sorry.... I do not understand what you mean...<br />
goes back to the kitchen<br />
<br />
To the kitchen mobile!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Rafy</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:32 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">we used that tactic on the first night, which worked perfectly, but thanks to the Deathbringers Will trinket, we were unable to beat this boss.<br />
here's why: http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=22748815073&sid=1</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Pieuvre</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:32 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">youtube is fail.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Marzenia</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:48 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Thanks Tinkerbelle!! <br />
<br />
Lava it is one person vechicle, sorry.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">aikouka</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 10:53 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">we used that tactic on the first night, which worked perfectly, but thanks to the Deathbringers Will trinket, we were unable to beat this boss.<br />
here's why: http://forums.worldofwarcraft.com/thread.html?topicId=22748815073&sid=1<br />
<br />
<br />
That bug makes me sad.... Yet another fight where I can't use my deviate fish, and I'm stuck being a hideous Draenei :(.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoc1d3ba0029e</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 11:02 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">My heart goes out for Boub's e-mail, using the same one for everything. It must be so overworked :P</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Lazoric</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 11:07 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">There's no way blizzard will ever implement such a bad game mechanic because they spend alot of time making these instances that putting in a skip to last boss feature is just a waste of money and time.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Flammable</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 11:14 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Obviously it's your website but I would just like to bring to your attention the flaws I find with the forums and website.<br />
<br />
The news content is great, regularly updated and flawless.<br />
<br />
The comments from users and created threads usually lack any real substance. Threads such as "worst reason you got kicked from a group", "Blizz need to put in IQ test", "EU > US", "lol wow is easy and boring"... just make me want to facepalm. Obviously in a social environment your going to have to accept comments from these parasites but I would love if there was a function to ignore certain users. <br />
<br />
Maybe we can do some kind of study here but do other people start reading comments on youtube, mmo, just general forums and just think "why am i reading this crap?" when you realise just how unworthy some individuals are?<br />
<br />
Also I think you need to reorganise the forum categories. It doesn't make sense to have seperate WoW forums for Original, TBC and WoTLK. Maybe just make a general WoW forum and the cataclysm for unreleased content. Edit: Didn't realise you did that recently.<br />
<br />
Just for some added extra comedy:<br />
http://img339.imageshack.us/img339/7273/spadmoderator.jpg</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Myzrael</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 11:40 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">The hotfix to the duration of the Essence was made to prevent raids from sacrificing a player anyway so it's no longer valid.<br />
Only if hotfix makes debuff to persist through death. However if what they did is increase duration to 60secs(for example) instead of 50 that's a nerf, as affected persons would have to bite less often and therefor spend more time dpsing her down.<br />
<br />
We wiped on her 25m yday on 3%, not cause our dps was low but cause 5-6people got mced due to everyone being bitten already, where she would have died if they did their normal - non bitten 7-8k dps.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Bamsemums</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 11:41 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">words<br />
<br />
<br />
Isn't there a forum where your post should be placed?<br />
<br />
Yes, "certain" users are like you say. But considering all the people who actually make quality posts etc. it's not that bad. Also, just to remind you, this is "the internet", it brings out the worst in everyone. :D<br />
<br />
P.S. Not everyone has the latest expansion, and not everyone wants to read about someones question about Wailing Caverns when they want the latest on ICC. :P So, separating them into different sections is actually a smart move. ;)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">DJTK</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:05 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">the point is heroics are very stale content after 14 months of doing them. it's all very well to want to complete them if you haven't done each one 50 times, but being forced to do them for 2 badges is lame.<br />
<br />
i'd much rather have bosses drop 3 in ICC, and eliminate the 2 per heroic<br />
<br />
<br />
No one is forcing you to run the heroics for the 2 Emblems of Frost. Blizzard put it there as a way to help those that don't raid to aquire Frost Emblem Gear. If they wanted to, they could require you to run 5 heroics before awarding the two Emblems of Frost. Given the current system, it is rather rewarding to the non-raider.<br />
<br />
Though, it's my belief that those that don't raid have no use for raid gear, but thats neither here nor there.<br />
<br />
Back to the issue though. As I already said, no one is forcing you to run them, so why complain about it? Don't like it, don't run it.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Mystearica</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:06 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Only if hotfix makes debuff to persist through death. However if what they did is increase duration to 60secs(for example) instead of 50 that's a nerf, as affected persons would have to bite less often and therefor spend more time dpsing her down.<br />
<br />
We wiped on her 25m yday on 3%, not cause our dps was low but cause 5-6people got mced due to everyone being bitten already, where she would have died if they did their normal - non bitten 7-8k dps.<br />
<br />
<br />
Agreed. We wiped at least twice sub 5% due to MCs the other day. Managing MCs was the only difficult part of the fight, if that's removed the DPS check will easily be obtained by most guilds.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">DJTK</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:10 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Obviously it's your website but I would just like to bring to your attention the flaws I find with the forums and website.<br />
<br />
The news content is great, regularly updated and flawless.<br />
<br />
The comments from users and created threads usually lack any real substance. Threads such as "worst reason you got kicked from a group", "Blizz need to put in IQ test", "EU > US", "lol wow is easy and boring"... just make me want to facepalm. Obviously in a social environment your going to have to accept comments from these parasites but I would love if there was a function to ignore certain users. <br />
<br />
Maybe we can do some kind of study here but do other people start reading comments on youtube, mmo, just general forums and just think "why am i reading this crap?" when you realise just how unworthy some individuals are?<br />
<br />
Also I think you need to reorganise the forum categories. It doesn't make sense to have seperate WoW forums for Original, TBC and WoTLK. Maybe just make a general WoW forum and the cataclysm for unreleased content. Edit: Didn't realise you did that recently.<br />
<br />
<br />
This would be better if you sent it through a pm to Boubouille. Not sure if he'll actually see this request. Though, most times, an ignore feature on a forum has always been related through pm's, not threads or individual posts.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
That bug makes me sad.... Yet another fight where I can't use my deviate fish, and I'm stuck being a hideous Draenei :(.<br />
<br />
<br />
BILLY MAZE HERE, FOR A GOOD $25, YOU TOO CAN CHANGE YOUR RACE! DON'T WANT TO BE A DRAENEI? YOU CAN BECOME A DWARF!<br />
<br />
Sorry, I had to :P.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Agreed. We wiped at least twice sub 5% due to MCs the other day. Managing MCs was the only difficult part of the fight, if that's removed the DPS check will easily be obtained by most guilds.<br />
<br />
<br />
The MC gimmick is supposed to make the fight difficult as it acts as a soft enrage timer. I'm hoping that Blizzard doesn't do anything to reduce the difficulty. I want to see truly difficult end wing Boss fights, even if I cannot participate in them myself.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Nerph-</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:22 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I'd apply to be a forum mod (and if I was one, I'd be kind), but looking at my post history, I get the feeling my application wouldn't last long ;D What can I say... sometimes you need to be cruel to be kind ;)</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">LavaDuck</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:35 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Thanks Tinkerbelle!! <br />
<br />
Lava it is one person vechicle, sorry.<br />
<br />
I don't love you as much anymore :(</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">stupid11</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:37 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">looking at my post history, I get the feeling my application wouldn't last long ;D What can I say... sometimes you need to be cruel to be kind ;)<br />
<br />
<br />
I get that feeling too, but I have no desire to become a forum mod.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">det</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 12:49 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">the point is heroics are very stale content after 14 months of doing them. it's all very well to want to complete them if you haven't done each one 50 times, but being forced to do them for 2 badges is lame.<br />
<br />
i'd much rather have bosses drop 3 in ICC, and eliminate the 2 per heroic<br />
<br />
<br />
Yeah, but doing dailies for gold or rep or whatever (example AT) is also stale once you are on your umpfteenth alt. Blizz still doesn't mail you gold for free.<br />
<br />
...and ICC bosses dropping 3 emblems is a good idea if you get into every single raid, but if you have a guild with 35 ppl and some need to sit out, at least you can get your emblems outside the raid too....</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Balance</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 01:06 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I don't like the fact that resilience isn't going to nerf healing done. It might sound good to healers but this is a problem. If the damage reduction blizzard is looking for happens and healing stays unchanged, there is a high possibility of healers being overpowered. If they aren't going to indirectly nerf us with resilience, they will directly nerf healing overall.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Stixxz</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 01:07 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I was looking at the part about skipping to last boss and thought, why would anyone want to do that for, you miss triumph emblems for other loot like gems. Then I clicked on the source of the information and saw it was by a person with a Male Belf Paladin avatar. Figures.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Anias</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 01:27 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Important - You cannot apply if you registered less than a month ago or if you have less than 100 posts on the forums. I might accept people who have slightly less than that if they look like awesome potential moderators but your post history is the only thing we can use to make a decision. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
So I can't be a moderator because I don't have 100 post? Well I guess I will start "quoting" other peoples post so I can get my count up to.<br />
<br />
/sarcasm</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoccc32bf69b9</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 01:31 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">So I can't be a moderator because I don't have 100 post? Well I guess I will start "quoting" other peoples post so I can get my count up to.<br />
<br />
/sarcasm<br />
<br />
<br />
We don't know how active you'll be in the future if you aren't active in the past. We don't know how your general attitude to people are if we've rarely seen you talk. We don't know if you're likely to just feed trolls or avoid them if you don't reply to anything at all.<br />
<br />
I know it's silly, but it's the only way we have to reliably know about you before we accept you.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">lilbandit</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 01:48 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I don't love you as much anymore :(<br />
<br />
it's ok lavaduck, we can fly around in my chopper :)<br />
<br />
on topic though, I'd like to me priest moddy once I start playing again, but that's not for a few months :)<br />
<br />
plus, I get the feeling I'd be removed as moderator once I nerd rage (99% likely chance) at someone :(<br />
<br />
I say good luck to anyone who wants to throw their hat into that ring. Let's hope whoever gets them does a good job. The site is pretty decent atm (good balance of useful v useless v entertaining threads).</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">uraken</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 02:04 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I'm the only one noticing the Fanart?<br />
<br />
Tempest keep was merely a setback!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Tebaleks</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 02:11 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Time to start racking up the posts. I love lurking, which appears to be my failure.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Pretorian</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 02:19 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">If there is anyone possible for moderation to interface and macros forum I would suggest only Taryble. <br />
<br />
<br />
Can someone translate this in english ?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmocac80a1fb19</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 02:21 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Interesting bug, the Kinetic Bomb thing. Kind of had fun shooting them though, even though volleyball isn't exactly my favorite sport.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">rimmer</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 03:14 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">I used to moderate the official boards for infinityward back in the days of call of duty1 and united offensive, but there's no way in hell i'm touching the community of wow.<br />
<br />
goodluck whoever's mand enough.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Nahela</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 03:48 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">It should be noted that it is very likely the second video with the 'how to' guide will cause a lot of people to waste attempts as this is no longer valid post-hotfix. I can't confirm that the 10-man debuff has a longer duration as well (already killed her this week), but I'm pretty sure both versions of the fight were hotfix'd. Suggest taking it down or at least including a warning that the strat is no longer valid.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">FishHead</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 03:57 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">So.... they nerfed Queen?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Rogge</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 04:20 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Time to start racking up the posts. I love lurking, which appears to be my failure.<br />
<br />
<br />
Just because you're not moderator material, that doesn't mean you're a failure!<br />
<br />
This attitude is confusing anyhow. You think everyone with 100+ posts are going to be a moderator now? I'm certainly not going to be one. Neither is 99.9% of the other people with 100+ posts.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoc8d1df16656</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 04:56 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Important - You cannot apply if you registered less than a month ago or if you have less than 100 posts on the forums. I might accept people who have slightly less than that if they look like awesome potential moderators but your post history is the only thing we can use to make a decision. <br />
<br />
<br />
I would very much like to find out how many people manage fail at the first restriction, but pass on the second.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Xevec</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 04:58 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Just because you're not moderator material, that doesn't mean you're a failure!<br />
<br />
This attitude is confusing anyhow. You think everyone with 100+ posts are going to be a moderator now? I'm certainly not going to be one. Neither is 99.9% of the other people with 100+ posts.<br />
<br />
<br />
He's got a point. The guys here are going to get massive amount of e-mails from people who misspell words, say boring things like "I want to be a mod because I enjoy world of warcraft." Yeah, you and everyone else. You have to make yourself stand out. Also, please use professional language when you send these e-mails. Just because it is a forum, doesn't mean you can swear or speak in leet.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Nahela</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 05:06 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">So.... they nerfed Queen?<br />
<br />
<br />
Not really. The fight's just generally doable now without having people suicide or overly stacking ranged classes. i.e. the DPS requirement is about the same, there just won't be extra planning/micromanagement involved.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmoce7c325634a</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 06:02 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Skip to the last boss? Oh god no....<br />
<br />
I really try to optimistic with the changes blizz makes but this really is like handing tokens over to players. More so than before. Think of all that time wasted on creating the instances. Also how new players will never have to learn encounters (if they choose to) which will probably help them learn and be more familiar with more important raid encounters. <br />
<br />
<br />
L2Read?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">mmocac80a1fb19</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 06:15 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Hmmm... Just noticed someone's wielding Sulfuras in one of the Kael'thas art pieces. Sheesh, get with the times and use a level 70+ weapon. ::) Then again there's also apparently a hunter with Loque'nahak, so it's like people from WotLK and classic have come together to do TBC content? Madness I say!</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Tebaleks</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 06:27 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">Just because you're not moderator material, that doesn't mean you're a failure!<br />
<br />
This attitude is confusing anyhow. You think everyone with 100+ posts are going to be a moderator now? I'm certainly not going to be one. Neither is 99.9% of the other people with 100+ posts.<br />
<br />
<br />
No, not failure in a negative sense, and I apologize for the confusion. More of a sense that I should post a bit more often to add to the amount of knowledge on this site. I think this site does very nice work and I tend to check it daily, but at the same point, I believe I should add some bit of input from time to time.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">alt</div><div class="date">2010-01-22, 08:47 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">No one is forcing you to run the heroics for the 2 Emblems of Frost. Blizzard put it there as a way to help those that don't raid to aquire Frost Emblem Gear. If they wanted to, they could require you to run 5 heroics before awarding the two Emblems of Frost. Given the current system, it is rather rewarding to the non-raider.<br />
<br />
Though, it's my belief that those that don't raid have no use for raid gear, but thats neither here nor there.<br />
<br />
Back to the issue though. As I already said, no one is forcing you to run them, so why complain about it? Don't like it, don't run it.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Completely disagree. You never needed emblems for tier gear before. They were strictly to catch players up to the previous tier so that they can run the newest dungeon, i.e. they give you tier 5 equivalent loot so you can start doing tier 6 dungeons. You get a token/gear drop, your raid assigns it to somebody, that somebody gets the gear.<br />
<br />
Blizzard added emblem requirements for 25-man tier gear for ToC. They bumped up those requirements massively for ICC. The chest/helm/legs, for example, went from 60 tokens to 95 tokens. They also slowed down the opening of ICC. For the first month, you can get a maximum of 8 tokens per week on 10-man and 25-man, 5 tokens for the weekly and 14 tokens for the random dungeon. New wings are slowly opening, but the people who did everything can get all their emblems in roughly 2 months while those who chose not to do the random dungeon will get theirs a month later.<br />
<br />
Technically, no one is forcing anyone to do anything. This is a game, after all. But in the context of the game, this is as close as "forcing" as you can get. Blizzard essentially told people that they either do random dungeons daily or be forced to get their tier armor much slower than in any previous tier and much slower than everybody else doing random dungeons. Of course, as Ghostcrawler mentions frequently, players are notorious for doing "unfun" things so they can progress the fastest. <br />
<br />
Their reasoning in that thread that they want more experienced players to help newer players. That reasoning is a complete failure, however, because the mere presence of an overgeared raider running it for his 2 emblems makes the newer players learn nothing at all. <br />
<br />
Take a look at Moorabi, for example. Theoretically, the more experienced players will teach the newer players about counterspelling/kicking/interrupting rotations. However, the experienced players will kill him so fast, he'll only have 1-2 tries to transform. Not to mention geared players can easily get healed through. Or Keristrasza. No need to learn biting cold as a geared healer can heal noobs through it and just 1 geared dps can kill her fast enough for intense cold not to stack too high.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Schoeler</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 01:25 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">So.... they nerfed Queen?<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Yes, he is significantly harder for people who don't know how to read.<br />
<br />
<br />
Made me smile, thank you for that :) ...<br />
<br />
also, postcount going upwards o/ ...<br />
<br />
I can apply for mod near the end of cataclysm... Oh yeah!.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Explicit Teemo Nudes</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 05:45 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Thinking of Saurfang and B Queen...<br />
<br />
... hilarious how most raiders seem to whine about how the bosses in WOTLK are so boring and easy compared to vanilla, yet they try everything out on PTR, they read through guides or abilities of the bosses before trying them on live servers and then on top of it all seem to try to find bugs or other unintensionally ways to "defeat" the bosses, like letting members of your raid die so the fight becomes easier. ???</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Annelie</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 05:46 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Seriously.. why are guys, like the person asking for this, playing the game at all?<br />
<br />
Couldn't he just have said "BLIzzard! gief everyone hc t10 set plix!!1 y shoudl we farm 4 it?! it boring!"<br />
<br />
People have become spoiled.. :/<br />
<br />
<br />
This is WotLK where you dont need to know how to play at all to get the best gear possible. Everyone wants the end result handed to them without actually doing the journey.</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">NAme0alt</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 08:36 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">Sounds sexy</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Quesly</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 09:51 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">why are a bunch of heroic fags killing kael'thas instead of people in t4/t5 =\</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">bullseyed</div><div class="date">2010-01-23, 04:19 PM</div></div><div class="posttext">They used the letting the bite die thing in 25 man too. I dunno, isn't that how you get the achievement?</div></div><hr />
<div class="post"><div class="posttop"><div class="username">Dejohn</div><div class="date">2010-01-24, 01:24 AM</div></div><div class="posttext">I think the essence lasts longer due to the fact that unless you had the first person bite the next person almost at the last second you ended up with an overlap during the second air phase. So you had the choice of trying to bite someone while you are supposed to be spread out killing 2 people or spread out and be mc'd. This longer buff will eliminate this hopefully. They just blamed strats rather than their own mistake of allowing this above scenario play out.</div></div><hr />
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Listeria Lawyer
Listeria monocytogenes, the bacterium that causes the serious infection known as listeriosis is a scary microorganism even for normally healthy individuals. But for the very young, the very old, those with a compromised immune system, and pregnant women, listeria infections can cause severe consequences.
If you have suffered from listeriosis due to contaminated food, contact us. The Listeria lawyers at The Lange Law Firm, PLLC offer free consultations and can help you explore your legal options.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates each year 1,600 people in the United States experience listeriosis. The CDC also estimates that each year about 260 Americans will die from this infection. This makes Listeria monocytogenes infection the third leading cause of death due to foodborne illness.
What are the Symptoms of Listeria Infection?
Symptoms of listeriosis can vary to some extent from person to person and the specific part of the body infected. In general, Listeria monocytogenesinfection causes the generic fever and diarrheal illness common to foodborne bugs. These infections often go unreported. Sometimes they are attributed to a stomach bug or the person manages symptoms until the infection runs its course without the need of medical attention. So many cases of listeria infection remain undiagnosed. More invasive listeriosis is often reported though, as the bacteria leaves the intestinal tract and enters other parts of the body which causes additional and more severe symptoms and complications.
Symptoms of invasive listeriosis often begin between 1 and 4 weeks after consuming a food that is contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. However, the CDC reports that some people experience the first onset of symptoms as late as 70 days after exposure, while other develop symptoms as few as one day after exposure. After seeking appropriate medical treatment, consider a free consultation with a listeria lawyer. You may be able to recover compensation for your suffering.
Pregnant Women
Pregnant women often experience milder symptoms such as only a fever. Sometimes they may experience additional flu-like symptoms such as muscle aches or fatigue. While they seem to get off the hook with fewer personal complications, listeriosis during pregnancy can have dire consequences for the fetus. This could lead to premature delivery, miscarriage, still birth, or even life-threatening infection of the newborn baby.
Everyone Except Pregnant Women
Depending on the severity and site of infection, people other than pregnant women often experience symptoms such as headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of balance, and convulsions. They most likely will also experience fever and muscle aches.
Most Commonly Infected
The people most commonly infected with Listeria monocytogenes are those who fall highest in risk for invasive infection. This includes people who are pregnant, older than 65 years old, and people with compromised immune systems.
Why is Listeria Concerning for High Risk Individuals?
Pregnant Women
Pregnant women are 10 times more likely than others to become infected with listeriosis. More specifically, Hispanic women are 24 more times as likely as others to become infected with listeriosis. Listeria monocytogenesis particularly serious in pregnant women because the infection can pass to unborn babies and affect pregnancy causing preterm labor, miscarriage, or stillbirth. Listeriosis can cause serious illness and possibly death in newly born babies.
Use Caution with Certain Foods
Pregnant women should protect themselves by avoiding foods that are common carriers for Listeria monocytogenes. This includes raw or unpasteurized milk or milk products such as cheese or yogurt. Other key foods to avoid include raw or lightly cooked sprouts (including but not limited to clover, alfalfa, mung bean, and radish sprouts). Hot dogs, lunch meats, cold cuts, or other deli meats, and fermented or dry sausages should be avoided unless heated to an internal temperature of 165 ⁰Fahrenheit. Take care to avoid juice from hot dog and lunch meat packages from contaminating other surfaces, utensils, or foods. Wash hands after handling these high-risk food products.
Cut melons should either be consumed right away or refrigerated at 40⁰Fahrenheit (for no longer than 7 days). If the cut melon has been at room temperature for more than 4 hours, it should be thrown out. Pregnant women should avoid deli-counter refrigerated pâté or meat spreads and opt for those that are canned or shelf-stable instead. These products should be refrigerated after opening. Refrigerated smoked seafood should also be avoided unless it is in a cooked dished. There is also a listeria risk with raw Latin American style cheeses such as: queso fresco, queso blanco, queso blando, queso Cotija, queso panela, queso ranchero, and cuajada en terrón.
When to Contact Your Doctor
Pregnant women who experience fever or other symptoms of listeriosis within two months of eating a high-risk food should contact their health care provider and explain the potential causes so that they can be tested and treated for this serious infection. However, if you are concerned you should seek advice from your health care provider.
Those who are in the high-risk group are those most likely to suffer potential long-term complications or severity of the illness. Some of these groups of people include:
Over 65 Years Old
One in four Listeria monocytogenes infections occur in those who are over 65 years old. But why does age play such a large role in susceptibility of this infection?
This is a complex question, because many factors are involved. First, the aging immune system is not as quick to recognize and rid the body of these harmful bugs. This includes those bugs that are responsible for foodborne illness. Chronic conditions are fairly common in adults over 65, such as diabetes, cancer, and taking medications that can also weaken the immune system. The stomach acid changes throughout our lifetime. It begins to decrease in amount, allowing more germs to survive.
Compromised Immune System
Those with a compromised immune system are also in the high-risk category for Listeria infection. People with alcoholism diabetes, cancer, liver disease, kidney disease, and the more
obvious HIV and AIDS. Those with cancer are 10 times more likely than others to become infected with listeriosis. Those on dialysis treatment are 50 times more likely to become infected with listeriosis.
How Do Doctors Diagnose Listeria Infections?
Listeria diagnostic tests can vary depending on what types of technology are available to the testing laboratory. Typical diagnosis generally involves a bacterial culture grown from a human sample such as blood, spinal fluid, or placenta on a growth medium known to respond only to Listeria monocytogenes. Additional genetic analysis is preformed to determine the strain and possibly genetic sequence of the bug so that it can be compared to other cases and potentially linked to an outbreak.
How Do Doctors Treat Listeria Infections?
Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterium. Bacterial infections such as listeriosis are treated with antibiotics. But treatment procedures vary and are dependent on the individual and outcomes of diagnostic tests, as well as risk factors. The antibiotic regimen can be as simple as oral ampicillin or amoxicillin. But if blood culture indicated blood contamination, intravenous (IV) ampicillin and gentamicin are often in the treatment plan. And if the infection is invasive and blood infection is indicated, IV ampicillin and gentamicin are often given to patients for between 14 and 21 days.
What are Some Foods that You Should Avoid If You Are in a High Risk Group?
According to, those who are in the high-risk group for Listeria infections should avoid eating:
• Ready-to-eat deli meats
• Hot dogs
• Refrigerated pâtés
• Unpasteurized (raw) milk
• Raw Milk dairy products
• Soft cheeses made with raw milk, like queso fresco, Feta, Brie, Camembert
• Refrigerated smoked seafood
• Raw sprouts
How Can Listeria Infections Be Prevented?
Listeria is one of the new bacteria that thrive in cold environments. This makes it very hard to kill and keep out of a food processing environment, like an ice cream factory. There are some simple things though that can reduce the risk of infection:
• Avoid raw (unpasteurized) milk and milk products
• Rinse raw produce thoroughly under running tap water
• Keep raw foods separated from ready-to-eat ones like uncooked meats, poultry, and seafood separate from vegetables, fruits, cooked foods, and ready-to-eat foods.
Recovering Compensation for Listeriosis
If you contracted listeriosis from eating contaminated food, our Listeria attorneys can help. Contact the Listeria attorneys at The Lange Law Firm, PLLC if you or a loved one has suffered from this dangerous foodborne illness. Our team of top-rated food poisoning lawyers can help you recover the compensation you deserve.
“I’m very satisfied with the settlement I received. I was represented by the Lange Law Firm, PLLC. I was always contacted by Jory and Candess with the status of my case. This firm is very friendly and professional. I would 100% recommend this law firm again.”
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As the mother of a child with a complex medical condition, I feel that there are some things everyone should know about what it’s like to parent this child, whether he or she is 1 or 21. In my case, of course, as Nicky is getting older, things are getting more complicated. He’s less mobile, he has more issues, more doctors, etcetera. RDEB is a degenerative condition and the issues we may face are most likely different than what another family may encounter, but we all have similar wishes as far as how we’d like to be treated and what we’d like everyone to know about our journey. These are the most important ones to me: 1. I am not ignoring you. I try to respond to questions or chats promptly, but sometimes it’s simply impossible. When Nicky calls me I run to help him. He knows not to call forRead More →
Parenting a child with a life-threatening condition teaches you that life is precious. Life needs to be lived one day at a time. If I learned to smile despite the yearning to cry, it’s because my new “normal” was to make him smile. I am done being told what to believe, what to be afraid of, who to trust, what to think and who to hate. Why is RDEB medically fragile? Mostly because of the open wounds and the consequences of having non-healing 2nd degree burn-like wounds, which can vary and can be extremely damaging, even lethal. The skin, after all, is the largest organ of the body and it affects everything he does. I realize that even people we know and love struggle to fully comprehend what Nicky’s medical fragility truly means. I regularly receive well-intentioned questions about whether Nicky will ever get better. The short answer is no.Read More →
It occurs to me sometimes that when people in general refer to Nicky or any child with EB as “medically fragile”, they may not truly understand what that means. And the truth is that the definition varies widely not only depending by the form of EB but also from patient to patient. Since my only “specialization” is with Nicky himself, I will attempt to clarify what that means to Nicky being called “medically fragile”, which may not be far from describing the experience of other RDEB families. Let’s start with the acronym itself before I go any further to explain why this condition is so rare: RDEB = Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa. It is called “Recessive” because it’s inherited recessively, meaning both parents are “carriers” of the condition. And even when this is the case, there is only 1 in 4 chances of a baby being born with RDEB, as the babyRead More → | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.970291256904602}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '151414', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JYJJKYIJ63HDSCJ2PJOOUHOIEC75TAQM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:51d236c8-8a03-4948-9fa5-ccebecbe66af>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 11, 14, 10, 8, 31), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.113.186.2', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A44WWKMCJEVXWHOWK5JMW3F4JCGUF7MC', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:56ff4399-53cc-411c-b482-8a5df7e3c02d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blog.silviaskingdom.com/?tag=medically-fragile', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:833dc796-d2a3-4a03-80d0-a0ddb1bb7729>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '446', 'url': 'http://blog.silviaskingdom.com/?tag=medically-fragile', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-47\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-137.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.2708510756492615', 'original_id': '606c876650c88001f87c2b801e0c7327c72143c5df784dd161766194ef84be9d'} |
Rename an Eye-Fi card
To give an Eye-Fi card or other device on your account a new name follow the instructions below.
1. Launch Eye-Fi Center
2. Login into Eye-Fi Center
3. To edit the default card name, right-click or slowly double-click the card name to show the text editing box. When you see the text box, enter your preferred card name, then click anywhere outside the text box to save the new name.
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Tobold's Blog
Monday, February 18, 2008
Eliminating levels 1 to 60?
Apparently Blizzard has the plan to add 10 more levels to World of Warcraft with every expansion. That is fun for everyone who is stuck at the level cap, which isn't all that unlikely given the long development time for WoW expansions. But it is problematic for anyone starting a new character, be it an alt or a totally new player: the way from 1 to the level cap becomes longer and longer, and everything except the last 10 levels tends to be underpopulated. Blizzard's proposed solution is to speed up the time to level through the lower levels, since patch 2.3 it only takes half the time to level to 60 than before.
Minionman wrote me with a more radical proposal: He wants to eliminate levels 1 to 60 completely, and remodel all the old Azeroth zones into level 60+ zones. Every new character (and not only Deathknights) would start in the normal newbie zone, but at level 60, and the mobs etc. around him would also be level 60. He would then have a large multitude of possible options to level from 60 to 70, using a mix of Azeroth and Outlands zones.
I don't think that the idea is all that good. First of all starting his very first character at level 60 is confusing for a new player. Levels 1 to 60 do serve a purpose of training people how to play their class, by starting with only a few basic options and adding new options over time. Starting with lots of spells and talents is too complicated for a player on his very first MMORPG character.
The other problem is that I'm not even sure that it would solve the underpopulation problem. We would still have the same number of people below the level cap distributed over the same large number of zones. It would be easier to find somebody in your level range, but not necessarily easier to group up with people you meet while adventuring.
Of course you could change that model significantly by giving the new players zero talent points and just the few skills they'd start with at level one. To ear talent points they'd have to quest, and to buy new skills they'd need gold (so you inflate the costs of the skill)....but then you just might as well go play guild wars :P
Levelling is fun if you do it rarely enough. I would rather aim at cutting the time down a bit further, and improving the items more to where each level provides lots of power-up kicks at a relatively high tempo. Its a bit too stretched as it is so you barely notice the benefit of one upgrade.
The amount of work it would take to make such a change would be insane.
Think about all the quests and rewards they would have to change around.
That said how did other older MMO's deal with this similar issue?
Conversely, you could just set max level to 50, and scale everything accordingly. So let's say Bliz added new levels in WotLK, then they could just scale everyone back proportionally so the old 50s would be 40 once more, and so on, and then they'd have their ten more levels. All the previous zones would be scaled appropriately as well.
So, no zone would EVER be obsolete, but you might find STV was only good for three levels instead of thirteen, and it would preserve the challenge of the new levels and keep old content relevant, so you could now raid MC at level 40 if you wanted.
I mean, it's essentially what they are trying to do anyway, and it would solve every problem I can think of.
@lavis -- EQ1 handled it by granting substantial experience bonuses to adventuring in certain older zones, and by revamping some zones to make them more challenging.
That worked for awhile.
elite level 60 Hogger imo
This is not exactly on the same topic, but not far from it. What happens to people that only have the basic WoW at the moment when Wotlk launches? Logically there will be a huge level gap between 60 and 70 without TBC. Do you think TBC content will be "free" with the launch of Wotlk or would everyone have to have it to enjoy any of the higher level content?
I guess there will not be many people in that position, but I can almost bet that there are some. :)
"elite level 60 Hogger imo"
Stitches ftw! ;)
"and everything except the last 10 levels tends to be underpopulated"
I have to disagree here, at least when you look at my server, Moonrunner US. I personally run the census plus mod, and if you look at the results on both factions, they're pretty interesting. There are obviously many people at 70, but then you also see quite a few people with characters between 1-29. A lot of these are twinks of course, but there are still plenty of people leveling up, even with the changes. The main place that seems to be sparse with players is from around 40 to 60.
I would leave 1-60 the way it is now. It takes half as much time as before, but still requires a significant commitment to level up a character to respectable level. I think the problem is that the old level 60 end-game content is completely worthless as it exists today other than for nostalgia. I think it’s important to make that content relevant again to players on the way from 1-70.
I think making the loot tables of the boss drops on Strat, Scholo, Black Rock comparable to the level 58-62 greens in Outland and slightly lowering the amount of XP per kill is a start. My thought here is that moving to those instances at 58-60 is better for you than making the jump to Outland.
Secondly, old raid content needs to be made 5-10 mannable when new raid content is released. I’m not saying the content immediately preceding the top-end progression, but the content one step back from that. AND--- make loot for future instances/raids simply upgrades for pieces earned earlier in the progression. That way, going through the earlier content is required for progression, but since it was made easier, it’s not as huge a burden.
For example-- Set2 is dependent upon you having the piece for Set1. You get the Set1 piece at a vendor/questgiver from a turnin for badges or a loot drop from a boss in raid instance A. Once you have Set1 from A, then you go to raid instance B for a loot drop that will allow the vendor/questgiver to upgrade Set1 to Set2. The caveat is that when you release raid instance C, that you make raid instance A much easier to complete. I would actually tune-it down to a 5-man instance. This allows your laggers to see the content and gear up while still protecting the latest content. This is largely due to the fact that your “C” content is still insulated with tough “B” raid content.
I've been leveling a horde character. And the sad fact is If I were a new player I'd never get to end game. I've run about 7 groups up to 31. 1 of them was close to the recommended level requirements. All of the others were just powered through with some higher level character who had the quests and had never been able to get a group together. NOT FUN AT ALL. I'm finding the game is breaking for me over the grouping issue. The new players either just quit or think that's the way it always was.
I'll never ever level another character again. It's just no fun at all. I thought doing the horde side would refresh the game somehow. It has just illustrated how broken it is.
At this point as much as i've argued against it for 3 years. I'd support a /level command. Hell at this point I'd pay 25 dollars to level my character if I could do it legally. And I'm a cheapskate who mocks gold buyers.
What about limiting new players starting out on a couple of designated 'newbie' servers? Once they get a character to a certain point, say level 50+, they could transfer to any other server and carry on their gameplay from there.
A 50 level "newbie isle"? What if they wanted to play with friends? And what does that give them to look forward to?
Now, one thing I COULD see is a "WoW Classic" server -- would be limited to pre-BC.
I don’t buy into the “newbies” won’t make it to endgame mentality. With the 2.3 leveling changes, it takes half as much time to reach 60 as it once did. A “new” player is going to take about 6 days played. Averaging a modest 2 hours a night, it will only take them 2 and a half months to reach 60 and maybe another 3-4 weeks to hit 70. Call it 3 and a half months for someone averaging 2 hours a night to reach 70. Now consider that all of that 1-70 content is BRAND NEW for the player. Unlike someone who rerolled, its not a boring drawn out process that takes them three and a half months to complete.
One of the most overlooked aspects of the leveling changes is that many of the former group quests are now solable because they got rid of the elites. As I leveled, this was a change that I really welcomed since there were a number of quests I hadn’t completed on previous characters because I outleveled them before I got a group. This was pretty unsatisfying since most of these were chains and I just never saw it all the way to completion. “The Battle of Hillsbrad” is a really good example of this change.
Part of the problem in some cases is that they have a friend who is 70 who keeps telling them “wait until you are 70” and power levels them through more content. It’s hard to stay satisfied with the game you are experiencing when someone is constantly pushing you to 70. They need to experience the game and join a newbie guild that (gag!) will “help each other level.” You know the one that is always spamming trade that they accept all levels and have a tabard!
i'd like to be able to go to my class trainer to level up for a fee. That way i could, for example, play some of the burning steppes content with my 54 mage and then when i'd had enough, go to ironforge and pay to level up. If I didn't have enough gold, I'd do a daily with my main and mail it to my mage.
That said, playing through it right now, I wish the 50-58 leveling pace was about twice what it is.
A couple of points from the guy who came up with this idea:
I wouldn't expect it to help out that much with grouping outside of instances, however, there doesn't really seem to be any good way to help that issue out that doesn't cause a lot of issues in other places, since if each expansion continues to add content, it will spread people out no matter what the level range is, A low level range spreads people out over the same level, a high level range spreads people out by forcing each of them to play in their own individual areas while leveling.
What the lower level range is meant to deal with, in addition to boredom, time to level, etc., is instance groups, where with the LFG system people can look for groups pretty easily in 3 or so instances. Having a lower level range will help out with that, as people will as likely as not be looking to do several instances, and a higher number of people in that level range also looking for instances makes it more likely to find a group for one of them. It may help a bit with other areas, just because people will have friends and guild members, though that is more iffy.
The "levels 1-60 show people how to play their class" doesn't seem as big an issue as described in the blog, since a lot of the skill picked up in leveling isn't that useful in groups or PvP, though it is useful just in general for knowing how a lot of basic skills work. It is a big weakness of the suggestion (As is the work it would take to actually get it done.)
Outside of defending the changes suggested in the post, I wouldn't mind being able to pay a small amount (maybe $10 per character), or being able to start all new characters at a high level, or any other of these suggestions. For me, even "just" 2 months of leveling one character solo with quests, as is likely the fastest way to do it, will get boring and repetitive, just because the same skills will be getting used over and over. the most fun parts of the game can from trying out the different characters, and doing instances, both of which are harder to do the way the current game works.
i think idea to eliminate 1-60 is short sighted.
remember, WOW is incredibly polished and fun MMO from 1-60. ppl who already played WOW for 2 yrs off coz have different perspective. but i prefer BLizzard add more content to 1-60 (new starting area, new race, new 1-60 area) rather than shoving 1-60 out of the picture. remember for a newbie, 1-60 is a learning experience.
i propose an alternate solution :
if someone already leveled to max lvl cap , he can choose to create new alt at more advanced level , like this :
- leveled 1 lv70 , can create 1 alt at lv 40 (horse riding level)
- leveled 2 lv70 , can create 1 alt at lv50, or 2 alt at lv40
- leveled 3 lv70 , can create 1 alt at lv60 or can create 2 alt at lv50, or 3 alt at lv40
- leveled 4 lv70 or more.. so on so on
off coz the new alt should be naked and spell-less/skill-less.. serves you right for skipping all those lowbie zones hehehe
What about this? Leveling
for people who came up with the various "speed up 1-60" ideas: the point of this suggestion was to reduce some of the spreading out issues that come with speeding up 1-60. For reasons of game development time, that seems to be what would end up being done, but it does bring along some issues with it.
The main learning experience between 1-max level will come from fights getting more complex, specializations increasing how powerful certain strategies are, and getting more skills available. The increase in stats from leveling doesn't matter otherwise. (For example, doubling damage, healing, and hit points, while keeping damage reduction, slowing effects, speed, etc. the same will result in the same fight, just with bigger numbers.) It doesn't really matter stat wise what level the fights take place at, if the complexity of fighting , types of gear choices, etc. are increased in the same way from level to level, though the time to get used to those gear choices does effect how long people have to get used to them.
Just playing one character over and over gets quite boring after awhile (at least for me, I'm not probably with some other people as well), which is where the suggestions not based on having a level 80 character come from. (I still might be doing it, using something like a hunter that kills things quickly, if it were introduced, but it would be a less fun option).
Extra areas from 1-60 would be nice, though, as there isn't much zone diversity from around 30 on up. (And horde has a bit less from 20 on up.)
I would submit that the fact that in the current game the skills you learn leveling don't help at endgame are the symptom of the devs shortsightedness, and bad design. If they'd done something like increase the EP gained in instances by removing the grouping penalty from level 1 to 60 then people could have leveled in instances and there would be a big incentive to do so.
Instead they turned the 1 to 60 into a solo game. And if they want to be that lazy they should just start everyone at 60. Not what I call an ideal solution but better than what they have now.
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Powered by Blogger Free Page Rank Tool | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '72', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9733526110649108}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '65737', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:56RTD4Z7KMAYV22HYNPYILXMA2277QIG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:47871dd2-d482-43fb-b0d5-d58092e3aa51>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 5, 46, 7), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.121.43', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AVAT2VFCCY5PYFRJV4TVEOT5IC5AQAFU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:424aa468-49aa-4a3c-9103-8512ec55885f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://tobolds.blogspot.com/2008/02/eliminating-levels-1-to-60.html?showComment=1203345060000', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:4373f547-d5f3-4b43-9f04-585d6c845f43>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '2853', 'url': 'http://tobolds.blogspot.com/2008/02/eliminating-levels-1-to-60.html?showComment=1203345060000', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08784586191177368', 'original_id': 'e79d6415b38cac0fa8e4bc38e12c99fbe243dc58dfa0dc3c6e7d41d787be7fb9'} |
Spring Break is a great time for aqua(marines)
|Categories: Photography, Product Release|Tags: , , , |
June’s Featured Piece and Alexandrite Fact Page
Happy June Ocala!
This month’s birthstones are alexandrite and pearl. We are celebrating this with our newest featured piece for June, a created alexandrite pendant set in a platinum bezel setting. Alexandrite is a rare color changing stone that changes from greenish-blue to purplish-red based on the light its exposed to. You can find the product page for our piece here, which is also featured in our ad in this month’s Ocala magazine. It’s 25% off until next month, but we only have one.
If you just like gemstones and would like to find out more about alexandrite, then you can find its information page here.
Have a great month! Don’t forget to check back with us, Ocala’s jewelry experts, for more information, products, and deals!
What is Platinum
|Categories: Informational, Platinum|Tags: , |
Platinum is a white metal that is similar in appearance to silver. Platinum is an alternative to white gold and silver for people who like jewelry made in a white metal. Platinum is the most expensive of the standard three precious metals, but also often considered the most prestigious.
Why choose Platinum for Jewelry?
For people who like all of their jewelry to be white metal, Platinum is a great choice. Platinum is naturally white, unlike white gold which will always be yellow-tinged. Platinum looks similar to silver, but doesn’t have the drawback of tarnishing. Platinum jewelry is typically harder to break and can be repaired by most jewelers. It is also extremely rare for a person to have allergies to platinum.
Is Platinum definitely better than white gold if I can afford it? (No!)
Platinum is typically considered to be more prestigious and is more expensive then gold because of its rarity. Platinum is not, however, a superior choice to white gold for making quality jewelry. Platinum has some properties that are better for jewelry and many that are worse. Platinum is also not perfectly white and has a color that some people will like better than white gold while others will not. Many, if not most, jewelers believe that white gold has more advantages to it then platinum for jewelry.
Will platinum jewelry last longer than white gold jewelry?
Because of the numerous properties of metals, it is easy to call one metal “stronger” then others if you only focus on one aspect of a metal’s strength. It is true though that platinum will handle some wear and tear better than gold does, and jewelry made of platinum typically is harder to break. White gold rings will sometimes use a platinum head to hold a diamond to add security because of platinum’s strength.
What are the drawbacks of platinum?
Platinum alloys used in jewelry are typically close to pure and the manufacturing process is more expensive. This makes platinum jewelry cost significantly more than gold, even if the market prices of platinum and gold are close to the same. Platinum is softer then gold and scratches more easily which makes it require polishing regularly. Platinum is also more labor intensive to work on and costs as much as double to repair. Platinum can also be a moderately dull grey color and is usually plated with a bright white metal when manufactured. After a few months when the plating wears off, some people can be disappointed with its color. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '113', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9405233860015868}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '566415', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:C6Q6JMFV3SCNZ3QAJPIINDWO3CDOEUTK', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9d5c769c-a802-4f3b-a190-f150a1bba105>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 9, 26, 13, 23, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '107.180.118.39', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:ML6YI2ZRKS6F5D2C4YHZ3NNLVJOFTLDB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8588fc7-1624-4024-83b1-e2b87edc0270>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.silvercityjewelers.com/tag/platinum/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f8bfb30a-ac3a-440e-b85c-4e02456795a5>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '702', 'url': 'https://www.silvercityjewelers.com/tag/platinum/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-93\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.11314612627029419', 'original_id': 'c76e6c383b16f72e5574f90c227b2cf7bcccd36cceca2d71aa0b618350834760'} |
Top Definition
A woman who is a psychotic cunt. This can come in a number of forms, but she is generally a bitch beyond all help and human decency and kindness.
Person one: What do you think of that manager?
Person two: Oh, she was psycuntic. I couldn't stand the bitch.
by joeland87 August 09, 2011
1 more definition
Psycuntic: (adj.) A person (usually but not necessarily a woman) who is highly disliked and frowned upon by many; has gone insanely mad at the world and all the people that surround them for unknown reasons pertaining to themselves.
Person One: My one friend is being a real bitch lately, I can't stand being around her, you know what I mean? It's like she hates the world.
Person Two: Oh, you mean she's being psycuntic.
by joeland87 August 18, 2011
Free Daily Email
Emails are sent from We'll never spam you. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '5', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9604389667510986}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '49554', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:O4AZAP2LTXRWKPQLIBZRABX3HM3LQUDF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:ecb6d2a6-a21b-4b36-9892-0400b0bcfd0d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 25, 4, 56, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.235.39.207', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JHMJHF625D2USC4HFUNEX2C52ZJTSXQO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6b911f70-f81e-4f71-9548-1dfc26f64890>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Psycuntic', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:58431410-ead1-4c1d-82f7-8a919bcdfdbd>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '164', 'url': 'http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Psycuntic', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-06\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for January 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02367180585861206', 'original_id': '8033958a3502b9e707c7e7d111fa7378368209a7e2cacf6ba423c6f5ba43bfcf'} |
High intra-individual variability of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in lung transplant recipients without cystic fibrosis.
There has been little study on the variability of CsA pharmacokinetics in stable lung transplant (LT) recipients without cystic fibrosis. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of high intra-individual variability of CsA in LT recipients and its implications in CsA monitoring. Twenty-nine pharmacokinetic curves were performed in 10 consecutive stable patients from a single center. The intra-individual coefficient of variation (CV) of the AUC₀₋₁₂ h was calculated in each case. Patients were grouped according to whether their CV was high (≥20%) or low (<20%). Correlations between cyclosporine CsA concentration at each time point, AUC₀₋₄ h , and AUC₀₋₁₂ h were also calculated. Six (60%) patients presented low CVs and four (40%) high CVs. In patients with low CVs, the best correlation of AUC₀₋₁₂ h was with CsA concentration at two h post-dose (C₂) (r = 0.674, p = 0.002), whereas in those with high CV, the best correlation was with C5 (r = 0.800, p = 0.003). In the latter group, the correlation with C₂ was low (r = 0.327, p = 0.32), whereas the correlation with C₀ was high (r = 0.709, p < 0.05). Intra-individual variability of CsA pharmacokinetics may be high in many LT recipients. In patients with high CV, the use of C₀ levels may be more appropriate for CsA monitoring than C₂ levels. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'f75dabccee4bb6a34fc87e58bff0247c0ba2f9330519ea2b3b6fb3aab4323592'} |
Data Security Knowledge Base
What is Event Correlation? Examples, Benefits, and More
Definition of Event Correlation
Event correlation takes data from either application logs or host logs and then analyzes the data to identify relationships. Tools that utilize event correlation can then perform actions, such as sending alerts for hardware or application failures, based on user-defined rules.
Correlation and root-cause analysis have been stalwarts of IT performance monitoring for some time. Both practices help IT departments to determine the underlying cause of a problem and resolve it quickly to minimize any business impacts and losses.
Event Correlation Use Cases and Techniques
In essence, event correlation is a technique that relates various events to identifiable patterns. If those patterns threaten security, then an action can be imposed. Event correlation can also be performed as soon as the data is indexed. Some important use cases include:
• Data intelligence
• Operations support
• Root cause analysis
• Fraud detection
You can handle events through something as simple as sys-logging, which allows you to view new events as they arrive, but event correlation is the technique that associates varying events with one another. This is often achieved with the use of event correlation tools and alerting systems. Furthermore, correlating events can help security teams identify those that are most important.
Examples of Event Correlation
While you want to monitor events, you also want to implement automated processes that can determine relationships between complex events. One example of event correlation can occur with intrusion detection.
Perhaps there is an employee account that hasn't been accessed for years, and suddenly a large number of login attempts are noticed. That account may start executing suspicious commands. Through event correlation, an intrusion detection system can send an alert indicating that an attack is in progress.
What if among the thousands of login attempts, one was successful? Correlation then comes into play by marking this event as "curious." Then, it may notice that 15 minutes earlier, a port had been scanned. Now, it may notice that the IP address of the port scan and the login attempts are the same. This is where context is added to correlation.
Then, the event is marked with an elevated concern. These are specific events that can be related to each other – out of thousands. In fact, in any scenario, this could happen within millions of events.
If you perform manual correlation, you will have to rely on luck more than skill – because you will need to add context to the data. Furthermore, you need to see how the pieces fit together to figure out the puzzle.
Another example is incident management, where hundreds of alarms are sounded conveying that servers and related services are no longer reachable. Event correlation tools can analyze the data to determine the root cause, allowing the IT department to focus on implementing a solution rather than spending valuable time trying to pinpoint the cause.
In complex, networked environments, thousands or millions of events can be generated in just a short period of time. These events can range from critical to informational. While a good analyst can identify the root cause of failures, this type of knowledge is expensive to obtain. So, event correlation technology was designed to automate and register interrelations between ongoing events, in a more cost-effective manner.
Benefits of Event Correlation
Event correlation offers full context and logical analysis through a sequence of related events. As a result, security analysts can make a thoughtful decision on what to do next to respond and investigate.
This is about turning raw data into actionable alerts, alarms, and reports with the advantage of user-defined rules. Then, the appropriate action can be executed. Some of the benefits of using event correlation techniques include:
• Real time threat visibility. Active event correlation and analysis can help IT departments detect threats in real time. Failures, security breaches, and operational issues all affect business. Instead, these can be successfully avoided.
• Vigilance of network safety. The network can be monitored at all times. In addition, impact failures – such as those that affect business services – can be identified and remedied.
• Continuous compliance reports. Federal, state and local regulations may require varying levels of compliance with security and networked systems. Event correlation techniques can be used to ensure a constant monitoring of all IT infrastructures. Reports can then be generated to detail security-related threats and events, along with the steps needed to prevent potential risks.
• Reduces operational costs. Event correlation tools automate processes such as the analysis of large work flows to reduce the number of relevant alerts. As a result, the IT department can spend less time trying to make sense of it all and more time resolving immediate threats.
• Improves time management. Fewer resources are needed as contemporary event correlation tools are user-friendly and efficient. Plus, they can save a lot of time relative to using SIEM tools for event correlation and analysis.
Event correlation techniques are designed to detect events, make sense of them and assign the appropriate control action. As data becomes more complex, the need for correlation intelligence will continue to increase in significance. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9488379955291748}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '64935', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KS3QUCFTGBPSROZ45X3WN3LPJQES6BYF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:17bb13cd-ed11-436c-a9d2-a7de5b4fe344>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 23, 19, 6, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '18.215.218.23', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:LFHFZKMOCCPZIRDLOT3M7EKV74T7IBIT', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1a4d762a-33bc-4624-8977-c19adbe61336>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://digitalguardian.com/dskb/event-correlation', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:ecfd9a0f-e7f2-4603-806e-5b19a6071d21>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '849', 'url': 'https://digitalguardian.com/dskb/event-correlation', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-142-79-158.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018905699253082275', 'original_id': 'da6e047d2e73c0cf1885277818df074a56123064a61ddef1b1d511faa9b0d90a'} |
\section{Power Set is Sigma-Algebra}
Tags: Sigma-Algebras, Set Systems
\begin{theorem}
The power set of a set is a sigma-algebra.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $S$ be a set, and let $\powerset S$ be its power set.
We have that a power set is an algebra of sets, and so:
:$(1): \quad \forall A, B \in \powerset S: A \cup B \in \powerset S$
:$(2): \quad \relcomp S A \in \powerset S$
Let $\sequence {A_i}$ be a countably infinite sequence of sets in $\powerset S$.
Then from Power Set is Closed under Countable Unions:
:$\ds \bigcup_{i \mathop \in \N} A_i \in \powerset S$
So, by definition, $\powerset S$ is a sigma-algebra.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '52073d0bdfbc91245976fa4e6175924dd22cff00287673f8856af8610af21150'} |
Tuesday, May 30, 2017
Branch Out For Some Fun: Aspen is Turning 3
Aspen is a HUGE fan of Branch from the movie Trolls as well as the House of Boom...so we decided to combine the two for his 3rd birthday party! He was so excited about the "Branch" accents especially his very special Branch birthday cake!
This was the first year that he really understood the party was for him and that his friends would be there to celebrate. He loved seeing his classmates outside of school...even though he couldn't quite understand why Mrs. Evans & Mrs. Kenney weren't there!
He loved bouncing, jumping, and climbing with his cousins & friends. He loved his special troll hat and Branch shirt. He loved his pizza, cake, and ice cream. But mostly he loved spending time with those who love him!
We are so thankful for friends & family who BRANCHED OUT FOR SOME FUN!
Friday, May 19, 2017
Aspen Michael: 3 Years
Dearest Aspen Michael,
Time certainly does fly! How are you 3 years old already?! You are so big in many ways. You are tall and strong. You have all sorts of words, thoughts, and ideas. You put great sentences together and well thought out paragraphs. You have a very sharp memory, and you are definitely an observer.
These last 6 months have come with a lot of challenges. Probably the most difficult in your little life. You have battled sleep apnea which has made for an equally painful time for you and for me. With the bad sleeping, you have had some pretty horrible tantrums and meltdowns. It has been hard to watch as your mommy because you are by nature a sweetheart. And when you are not throwing a fit, you are that gentle, lovable baby boy.
To help with the sleeping, you had your tonsils and adenoids removed about 10 days ago. You were so brave during your surgery and have been making good strides at getting better. You took your pain medication for a few days then just started refusing it. You have had some bad night terrors due to the anesthesia and adjustment in your REM cycle, but I am confident that this will be better for us all in the long run.
You love copying your big sister and playing right along side of her. And you are working on being a better "helping" big brother! Sometimes you think Brighton is your size and play a little too rough with him.
You love Mrs. Evans and Mrs. Kenney, your teachers, and you have so many friends/classmates. You have grown a lot this school year and it has been a joy to watch. You truly have blossomed into a good student which makes me smile.
You love playing basketball, tennis, and golf. You are attentive and listen to instruction. You love riding your balance bike and Adelaide's bike as well. You love ice cream, yogurt, and salads. You have been enjoying Starbucks' vanilla bean frappuccinos too!
Your snuggles are contagious as you always ask for one more hug and kiss at bedtime. I know one day you will not want to hug your mommy as much or kiss me in public so I am trying to savor these moments even when it adds an extra 15 minutes to bedtime!
I want to apologize to you for losing my patience with you at times recently. We are both so exhausted that it weighs on you and I in different ways. I know you are doing your best to control your emotions and impulses. And I know that you are just a little boy. I promise to remember that more often than not in year 3!
I love you! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9832125902175904}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '89201', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:KJ3YL3C24QUZCWFVOYOO74FQZJLTUPUV', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1e7454d1-6a25-44ca-aba8-1440072d7be4>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 4, 19, 10, 1, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.65', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PSDSJBM34DRSFK4IUI5ZN6PYMTQPFG4G', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:24289192-48d2-4150-963f-bcec40ba4420>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://wittywhitswords.blogspot.com/2017/05/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:bb48c7c8-6bd3-4d8f-afdb-2c106c08ab9e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '620', 'url': 'http://wittywhitswords.blogspot.com/2017/05/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-152-23-81.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-17\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2018\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02791011333465576', 'original_id': '0b4098cfe6a02c835a4ea71fff6653cd07466c3f1d00d7faf1ba62fe6c1d464a'} |
Q:
Orcacle Apex Trigger
I have a notes form which i am calling on two different pages and storing data in the same table on page one the parameter is p4_clid and on page 2 it is p21_entity. when i enter data on page one the data gets inserted but on page two it does not, how do i pass my page two parameter in trigger.
create or replace TRIGGER "BI_f_41"
before insert or update on "f_41"
for each row
begin
if inserting and :new.FORMRESPONSEID is null then
select "NEW_F41_SEQ".nextval
into :new.FORMRESPONSEID
from dual;
end if;
if inserting then
:new.SubjectID := get_subidn(v('P4_CLID')) ;
:new.FORMID := 41 ;
:new.subjecttypeid := 1 ;
:new.responseCreatedDate := localtimestamp;
:new.ProgramID := get_pgmid(v('P4_CLID')) ;
:new.AuditStaffID := v('SESSION_GIHUID');
:new.AuditDate := localtimestamp;
end if;
if updating then
:new.AuditDate := localtimestamp;
end if;
end;
A:
To answer your specific question, you could I suppose do this in your trigger:
Wherever you have:
v('P4_CLID')
Replace by:
case [something that indicates the calling page]*
when 4 then v('P4_CLID')
when 21 then v('P21_ENTITY')
end
(* I was going to say nv('APP_PAGE_ID') but that will always return the ID of your form page, so that won't work.)
I have to agree with the comment that said your approach is not correct.
The normal approach is to have a hidden item in your form page - let's say your form page is page 33 and the item is P33_ID. When you call the form from page 4 you pass in the value of P4_CLID in the URL:
f?p=...:P33_ID,...:&P4_CLID,...
From page 21 you pass in the value of P21_ENTITY instead:
f?p=...:P33_ID,...:&P21_ENTITY,...
You then use the value of P33_ID in your INSERT statement directly - not in a database trigger.
It is generally bad practice to have dependencies on APEX session state within database code including triggers, because it assumes that the one and only way the data can ever be inserted/updated/deleted is via your APEX application. That may be true for you now, but it is not future-proof.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'b900f480de0aa8f2066f4f03a812e2cd4b45e6680c2f86e6e902546b9319d60b'} |
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<li><a href="plain/index.html">plain</a></li>
<li><a href="simple/index.html">simple</a></li>
<li><a href="browserify/build/index.html">browserify</a></li>
<li><a href="rollup/build/index.html">rollup</a></li>
<li><a href="webpack/build/index.html">webpack</a></li>
</body>
</html>
| the_stack | {'hexsha': 'ef759f80a9086c1cdc534b415da0fe8ba4796476', 'size': '395', 'ext': 'html', 'lang': 'HTML', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'examples/index.html', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'Qurus/shuffle-text', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '0c98cdaab6e22c22e7770f99fdfb104bc6dcd5d8', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_stars_count': '97', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2017-05-06T09:20:41.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-04T16:52:54.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'examples/index.html', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'Qurus/shuffle-text', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '0c98cdaab6e22c22e7770f99fdfb104bc6dcd5d8', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_issues_count': '15', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '2020-06-11T09:12:54.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-03T11:10:43.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'examples/index.html', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'Qurus/shuffle-text', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '0c98cdaab6e22c22e7770f99fdfb104bc6dcd5d8', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['MIT']", 'max_forks_count': '17', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2017-04-29T01:15:11.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2021-09-14T09:19:49.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '26.3333333333', 'max_line_length': '63', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.6303797468', 'original_id': 'cfe54a43e78b55d706db5416b3d99e87787282e81c887d268ced00f23f7013e2'} |
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About Jiwek
1. Icon & registry
The file extension for icons is *png I don't know if this was what you were asking for but I hope it helps
2. How to make a logon screen
I'm glad I read all of this before I tried it. I would have been p***ed that it ends after so little modification.
3. In Res Hacker it says FILEVERSION 5,1,2600,2622 so would that be build 2600 or 2622?
4. Customize your boot screen!
To change the palette you need to use either Boot Editor, or you can change it manually by entering your custom palette into the hexadecimal code (tutorial here). To change the location of the progress bar, visit my tutorial. Good luck.
5. Today and yesterday I spent learning how to change my boot screen (continuous forum searching along with trial and error) and I realized that there was a severe problem. Nobody has the hexadecimal locations to the progress bar for Windows XP SP2! I decided to use my trial and error approach, making an excel sheet to keep track of my data, and it worked! These values are for ntoskrnl.exe build 2622 Here is what I found: There are, in all, five locations of code to change. Three are locations for the top of your bar, two are the locations for the bottom of your bar. If you have done your homework, this should be easy from here. The locations are as follows. There are detailed steps below of how to do this. If you are not EXACTLY sure what you are doing, please read the tutorial below. Top of bar: 32020h 346b0h 34730h Initially these values will be set to 62 01 00 00, which is 00 00 01 62 backwards. I have read several pages containing the same information on how this is explained. Basically, Microsoft wanted to make it really hard to hack their logo (and they claim not to be a monopoly, right!?) so they wrote all of the hexadecimal code backwards! Anyway, to the point. This number (00 00 01 62) is 354 in decimal, which refers to the 354 pixels that it sets below the TOP of the screen. I'll explain more after we see the bottom values. Bottom of bar: 320a0h 34730h These are the places to modify the bottom of your bar (that's right folks! You can do anything from making the bar stretch the entire screen to eliminating it completely! [setting all five locations to code for the same number]). These bottom values will appear as 6A 01 00 00, which is 00 00 01 6A backwards. This number is 362 in decimal, and subtracting 362 from 354 gives us 8, which is the height, in pixels, of the progress bar. It makes sense that the bottom number is 362 compared to the top number, since we are counting pixels from the TOP OF THE SCREEN. Remember that the image of the boot screen is 640x480, so this gives us 640 pixels vertically to play with. How to change these values: I would assume that anyone who wanted to tamper with their progress bar already knows the basics of ntoskrnl.exe and is competent enough to use a hexadecimal editor. If you don't know, or aren't farmliar, don't try (at least not yet, read about it first). Why? Because ntoskrnl.exe is the very core of your Operating System, and changing one value incorrectly could mean reformatting your computer and losing anything that you haven't backed up. This said, let's move on. 1) MAKE A BACKUP OF NTOSKRNL.EXE. If you already have a file you are working with (I expect that you do), use that one seeing as how changing the progress bar on the default screen would be utterly useless. I would suggest giving it another name, such as mykrnl.exe. Make sure you type in ".exe" or else it might not save with a file extension, therefore your file will not be recognized by Windows, along with anything else. I would also suggest making a folder on your desktop where you can save all of your image files along with your backup of krnl. Organization=success. 2) IF YOU DIDN'T MAKE A BACKUP, SEE 1. 3) IF YOU STILL HAVEN'T MADE A BACKUP, CONSIDER YOURSELF RETARDED, AND THEN SEE 1. 4) Go into your hex editor (I use Ultra Edit-32, which can be downloaded here). Open up mykrnl.exe in the hex editor and search for "62 01 00 00" Again, the locations you are looking for are (top bar): 32020h 346b0h 34730h Remember that this is the top of your bar so these values need to be smaller than the values in the next step. Change this to whatever you want. Here is a link to a site with a converter for decimal values to backwards hexadecimal (almost the very bottom of the page). So make a guess of where you want the top of the bar, plug it in, and replace "62 01 00 00" in the three lines above with the value that the converter spits out. REMEMBER WHAT NUMBER YOU CHOOSE. Do not close your hex editor. 5) Next we will change the bottom of the progress bar. The bottom bar locations are found at: 320a0h 34730h Now is where that number comes in handy. If you are keeping the original bar and just using a different palette then you will want to keep the numbers 8 pixels from eachother, because the image size of the progress bar is 22x8 pixels. Search for the value "6A 01 00 00" until you get to these two locations in the hex code (my excel file shows that it was the third and fourth strings found). Change these two values to a value that is 8 greater than the number that you used for the top of the bar. Now save your file and exit the hex editor. Make sure you configured your boot.ini file correctly and be absolutely sure that you put mykrnl.exe into the C:\Windows\System32 directory. *If you want to get rid of the progress bar (I haven't actually tested this) then enter the same value as you did for the top bar* Good luck! [Edit] Changed build value to 2622. Removed claim that progress bar cannot be moved sideways, because it can be. I was messing around in hex today and moved the right side of the bar but gave up before finding the left side value. What I found is that Ntoskrnl.exe reads this from left to right, and there is only one value for the right side of the bar, which is initially set to 78 01 00 00. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '41', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.928451657295227}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '69102', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:DRIDH6WFEKR7I3ZSD46YFXAEQJ4OYT76', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:9fc107f1-9a3c-405a-abc7-f3e261890cca>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 8, 21, 12, 19, 25), 'WARC-IP-Address': '92.42.108.33', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:E4ZX2OKDNILXVUQYQL4LUZAGF7YS5ASJ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:814e10f4-dd6d-4678-80bc-9c4460cafd51>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.msfn.org/board/profile/95592-jiwek/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:56120f95-d1b1-4e63-af1e-78000b5c9987>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1171', 'url': 'http://www.msfn.org/board/profile/95592-jiwek/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-168-196.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-34\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02605968713760376', 'original_id': 'a87a52896c3dd12731418e96d7de16678039865fa94c3368e64c1466cdcf6bd5'} |
You lucky Teesside motorists! Next time you are stuck in a traffic jam on the way home from work, remember, it could be worse - you could be down in London.
Several other parts of the country also have significantly slower traffic conditions and worst congestion.
For though the North-east has relatively little motorway compared to most other regions, road conditions remain relatively easy.
Of course it is all relative, as demonstrated by the Department of Transport, Local Government and the Region's new report on traffic flows across the country.
In peak motoring times, the North-east still manages to have the second fastest flow of traffic in England, with average speeds of 53.1mph compared to 24.9mph in London and a national average of 48.8mph.
During the off-peak period, the North-east is again the second quickest, with traffic crossing the region at an average speed of 57.6mph compared to a national average of 53.1mph and 30mph in London.
However, the Whitehall survey did find that differences between the peak and off-peak traffic speeds were most marked in the North-east.
In common with most other regions, the North-east reflected the overall trend of increasing peak time traffic speeds, with no clear pattern during the off-peak.
The survey also showed that the North-east had the largest increase in average traffic speed over all periods of the day, with traffic speeds increasing by more than 4mph.
The region's increase in traffic speeds was even sharper in the evenings, as the North-east at that time of day marked the biggest rise of almost 5mph. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9779152274131776}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '135368', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EAIABHSU5N4YKAHDGSPYI2GHY4X2JWJ4', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:64a388ca-a897-4c5d-9bac-f876441a3121>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 2, 27, 11, 43, 49), 'WARC-IP-Address': '65.158.47.43', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:QUNMTFQMBROR3RHNHIDBWJHG6Q4YA5UO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:94991131-4414-4211-992c-fdbbbd0781fd>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/weve-easier-road-3851512', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:16efd177-2cdf-4d50-b210-e26ec90f2e64>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '258', 'url': 'http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/weve-easier-road-3851512', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-09\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for February 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02108454704284668', 'original_id': '2b0bf3c6eeb5a0fdc4a471ce96e46f77caf87e548ee935fac804be67f8f29d27'} |
Often, when I’m asked this question as an Indian in the IT industry, I cannot fully explain what outsourcing really means. Sure it’s cost savings for the company trying to outsource. However, thats like saying I read comics to get a sense of humor. Confusing, right?!
Now here is an answer that I believe will stand the longer scrutiny of more dedicated professionals and strategicians!
Many companies don’t understand yet that outsourcing isn’t about exporting jobs. It’s about importing innovation.
C.K. Prahalad
Why do I believe this? Because, at some level, outsourcing for cheaper costs is a short-term solution. The real problem lies in companies not working towards providing better value for money. Like Intel’s Otellini said … “you cannot save your way out of a recession”. You have to provide more, rather than remove more to really make a difference.
From BW
C K Prahalad | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9437525868415833}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '44708', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:7V6KOHIFA4HNCYKRJIUEIMZVV2JLE47H', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:cc544ac8-5c54-45d0-aa55-73ca8743c98c>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 25, 8, 0, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.195.77.13', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:JUKF7GYRA3PAYSSDCRH3QFLG2KKEZQEB', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7fe5605d-e5f3-4f5c-b057-d6720eb26ff4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.logic2go.com/index.php/archives/2006/01/30/what-outsourcing-is-all-about/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a389de7b-3478-4307-bd01-42da623eb69d>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '147', 'url': 'http://www.logic2go.com/index.php/archives/2006/01/30/what-outsourcing-is-all-about/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-105-77.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.39704060554504395', 'original_id': '4fd9bbef3b493441f7ebac44739c8a32cc5b086ffed503a33ab0aef5773f71ba'} |
Expert New York City property investor Jacob Frydman has recently commented on the unprecedented numbers of Manhattan’s office leases reaching a two-year high described by the Savills Studley Report, and the driving forces behind them. The regular guest-analyst on television programs such as Bloomberg TV and Fox News specializes in emerging market trends, and has conducted real estate transactions totaling over $2 billion.
During 2016’s second quarter, leasing activity reached an eight-quarter high of 8.0 million square feet (msf). Boosted by several large transactions in Grand Central, and a consistently strong Midtown South market, the record quarter marked only the second time in two years that over 5.0 msf were leased. Jacob Frydman remarked that Manhattan’s office sector has not only rebounded from its crash of 2008, but that it is actually performing better than it had prior to.
Grand Central experienced five major transactions, including three of the top four in Manhattan, which totaled over 1.0 msf leased. A deal with NYU’s Langone Medical Center was the largest of these; the center acquired an office space with almost 400,000 sf on East 41st Street. Midtown South exceeded a long-term quarterly average of over 1.0 msf for the tenth time in twelve quarters, proving to be the city’s most consistent market. The district has had nearly 500,000 sf of sublet space added, a sign of its willingness to adapt to small and innovative technology, advertising, media and information (TAMI) tenants.
Vacancy rates fell across the board with an average rate of 8.8%, and Midtown South reporting the lowest rate of 6.3%, remaining one of the tightest Central Business Districts in America. Driving competition was the TAMI sector, as these tenants accounted for 41% of new leases acquired over 10,000 sf. As a result of the persistent demand for 20,000 to 50,000 sf spaces, Cushman & Wakefield’s second quarter statistics reported a June average rent price of $72.99 per square foot (psf), the highest since September of 2008.
At 13.6 msf leased during the first six months, 2016’s brisk start is well above historical averages, and New York continues to be one of the nation’s leading cities in employment growth. Jacob Frydman expects tenants to continue to push demand, and believes the market is fundamentally strong enough to produce activity that surpasses 2012 and 2013 levels, both benchmark years.
Over his 30-year career, Jacob Frydman has become a recognized authority in the real estate investment industry. His impressive experiences with structuring, financing, and executing highly complex real estate transactions have led him to acquire over five million square feet of property amounting over $2 billion. He often discusses business, law, and ethics at Columbia University and in the Master’s Lecturer series at New York Law School. An avid philanthropist who cares greatly for his Jewish community, Frydman also supports many charitable committees, including The Chabad of Dutchess County and The Brem Foundation. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '740e465fd9ed0894fc21a47a4fd00c93598fe8d5d94067b0bfef087f177ec055'} |
Monday, September 10, 2007
How To Be Against Marriage Equality, A Tutorial
In this tutorial, I will demonstrate a few effective ways to spread bigotry effectively deal with the gay agenda. In this day and age of crumbling families and the erosion of traditional values, we need all the weapons we can get.
This tutorial will focus on gay marriage.
Here we go:
1) Misrepresent the aims of the "homosexual agenda" while bringing up irrelevant and untrue outcomes of marriage equality. For instance, you could say this:
Note how gay marriage advocates are, hence their name, advocating for gay marriage and not easier divorces. Divorce is irrelevant to the gay marriage debate. However, blaming divorce on gay people will make some heterosexual people happy, as they then won't have to blame themselves for their relationship failures.
*In addition, using big legal-sounding words like "heretofore," even when unnecessary, will bolster your argument. It helps your cause if people are intimdated by how smart they think you are.
2) Warn that gay marriage will destroy the traditional family and end civilzation as we know it. Magnify the threat of gay marriage while ignoring the threat to families of annoyances such as terrorism, global warming, war, domestic violence, adultery, abuse, the shrinking middle class, and crime.
Don't mention how homosexual and heterosexual relationships have been coexisting for a very long time. Also, ignore the marital issues between the two people involved in a marriage that may make it go bad. Referring to rising divorce rates as the "destruction" of heterosexual marriage and blaming this destruction on gay people will win you favor among some heterosexuals. Because really, if a man cheats on his wife with a younger woman, it's just not his fault.
3) Say that once marriage equality is achieved, people will be lining up to marry multiple partners, their pet donkeys, their cousins and little girls and boys. Instead of crossing those bridges when (and if) we get to them, say that it's better to deny marriage benefits to gay people in the first place. By bringing up bestiality, polygamy, and pedophilia in the context of gay marriage, you are implicitly comparing gay people to these social deviants. This comparison helps your case.
4) Pretend that your arsenal of anti-gay marriage arguments is more numerous than it really is. For instance, on your website, a forum where space isn't really an issue say something like this:
"I could list fifty or more legitimate concerns. Let me focus on only a few..."
"A book could be written on the reasons for this collision between matter and antimatter*, but I will cite three of them."
Clearly, you have many scholarly weapons of mass destruction at your disposal. You just don't want to use them right now.
*Also, note the use of physics references in the second quote. Physics = smart = you are correct.
5) Tell everyone that marriage equality advocates are actually against marriage. After all, marriage- with all that legal mumbo-jumbo and all that committment stuff- is a real pain:
What's this about lifetime committment you say?! Yick! But seriously, heterosexuals know firsthand how hard it can be to maintain such a committment. Current divorce statistics speak to that.
It also helps to follow such proclamations with a vague sentence that doesn't follow or really mean anything.
In addition, you should alsoignore plaintiff couples in gay marriage court cases who have been in monogamous relationships for 13-31 years. Surely these freakish gays aren't representative of most gays. And, surely, these couples are the reason why our divorce rates continue to rise!
5) Many people will be more impressed by secular arguments against marriage equality than by religious arguments. Therefore, proclaim that gay marriages "do nothing" for society and, therefore, should not be allowed.
Britney Spears' marriage(s) served the important societal interest of entertaining the world. Numerous abusive marriages served the important state interest of... well.... you know, I could write a book about that...
What it really may come down to for you, is this: You don't want your tax dollars to subsidize gay relationships (even though you expect their tax dollars to subsidize yours) because gay people don't serve the Very Important Compelling State Interest of having children:
Clearly, children are better off in orphanges than they are in loving families with two parents who are able to provide for them.
Also, pretend that despite an overpopulation problem, the human species is on the verge of extinction. And don't bring up the fact that more American kids in the world may not be a Compelling Planetary Interest.
Keep your righteous eyes peeled for more tips in the future. This is a pressing social issue, after all.
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The International Monetary Fund is calling on major greenhouse gas-emitting countries to implement carbon taxes that reach $75-per-ton by 2030 to bolster today's "inadequate" responses to climate change.
Why it matters: Their new report says the window for keeping temperature rise to manageable levels is "closing rapidly" and that "limiting global warming to 2°C or less requires policy measures on an ambitious scale."
What they found: IMF analysts measured the cost-benefit of CO2 taxes in the $25–$75 range and found carbon pricing would produce substantial emissions cuts and health benefits despite economic tradeoffs.
Taxes could be structured to mitigate burdens from higher energy costs, such as redistributing money to poor households, and to support workers "disproportionally affected" by the move to climate-friendly energy.
The big picture: The IMF is calling for carbon prices that are far higher than what has proven politically feasible thus far — something the authors acknowledge.
"About 50 countries have a carbon pricing scheme in some form. But the global average carbon price is currently only $2 a ton, far below what the planet needs. The challenge is for more countries to adopt one and for them to raise the price," the report authors note in a blog post.
The intrigue: It's not lost on the IMF that countries are hesitant to act unilaterally for fear of hurting domestic industries.
The report proposes an "international carbon price floor" to tackle this, and say that even a floor well below $75 would yield big gains.
A $50 floor for advanced nations in the G20 and $25 for the group's developing economies would cut emissions 100% more than those nations' current pledges under the Paris agreement, the blog post states.
Go deeper: The world needs a massive carbon tax in just 10 years to limit climate change, IMF says (The Washington Post) | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0aad6e0a6285267c4cd05e4a4447a74ca1aea8ac7634576817a69577f1ba9b24'} |
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Corona Office 951.734.3040
Single/Mulitple Teeth Extractions
Tooth extractions are routine dental procedures used to remove decayed, damaged or otherwise problematic teeth. Dentists usually make every effort to preserve natural teeth, although sometimes an extraction is necessary. Wither the procedure is performed in a dentist’s or oral surgeon’s office, it is considered surgery. Depending on which teeth are removed, they may be replaced with a dental implant or another oral prosthetic.
Tooth Extractions
There are several reasons why you could need a tooth extraction.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a tooth extraction?
Only your Dr. Grant Jong D.M.D. can tell you if you need a tooth extraction. However, you may be a candidate for the procedure if one or more of your teeth are decayed so severely that a filling or other restoration is not a possibility for treatment.
What should I expect during my tooth extraction appointment?
If an extraction of one or more teeth is diagnosed, you will be scheduled to return for oral surgery as soon as possible. You will be given a local anesthetic to prevent pain during the procedure, and you may also be prescribed medications to help manage pain in the hours following your extraction. Depending on the nature of your extraction and other factors, such as whether your teeth are impacted, you may also be sedated or given general anesthesia during your procedure.
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I lost a long time and very good friend last week.
I, the nation, nay the entire world will never be the same.
Let us all take a moment to bow our heads in remembrance.
After 82 years in business, Hostess brands, the maker of Twinkies, is bankrupt due to the economy. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8536378145217896}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '81475', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:CO6VH57ZXI3KAGWVKUFOOVHIFTLB235I', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:0ae46e9b-a77e-4045-80ca-bb63c4f8976e>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 18, 10, 21, 59), 'WARC-IP-Address': '184.168.60.1', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:YUKRK4IW4JP44LGF3F2BHOK7AA7TWPYH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9e3bbef9-5f12-43f1-9479-d594f8ffc6cb>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://morethymethandough.com/tag/hostess-twinkies/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:75330c92-26da-4c6a-a664-2279f7480d6f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '54', 'url': 'http://morethymethandough.com/tag/hostess-twinkies/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-05\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-163.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02792811393737793', 'original_id': 'd7bb6cad5d60f04b87e55f81f6077fc3b25c25e7c9e0b04837585839a4fbbeec'} |
Car Accident PTSD & Other Emotional Issues
Maybe you remember what happened. Maybe you don't. Either way, your serious California car accident goes much deeper than the physical injuries you are dealing with. Traumatic events like car accidents can leave a lasting emotional impact on you as well. Post-traumatic stress (PTSD), anxiety and depression are all common side effects of a car accident.
Car Accident PTSD
Commonly referred to as a single-incident trauma, car accident PTSD and anxiety does typically subside over time but benefits greatly from professional treatments such as therapy. Here are some telling numbers on this important mental health topic:
• Approximately 9% of those injured in a car accident experience PTSD
• Of those individuals that sought treatment for their PTSD, 27% also had anxiety and 15% had a driving phobia as a result of the emotional impact of their car accident
Dealing with the aftermath of a California car accident can be a lifelong struggle for some-- between the physical injuries and the emotional issues, many are reminded everyday of how an accident changed their life. When there has been a death from the accident and/or life-changing injuries, the potential for an emotional issue such as depression or PTSD increases greatly. An individuals' physical and psychological recovery often happens simultaneously-- the quicker you recover and get back to many of your pre-accident activities, the lesser the emotional impact on your life over time. On the converse, when the recovery is slow and the physical issues and pain are substantial and lasting, so too are the emotional ones.
The Mayo Clinic identifies 6 main symptoms of car accident PTSD:
1. Flashbacks and nightmares re-experiencing the car crash
2. Fear of driving/incapable of driving
3. Anxiety
4. Sense of guilt and shame
5. Inability to recall car accident details
6. Persistent feelings of mistrust, betrayal and/or hopelessness
If you notice these symptoms in yourself or a loved one following an accident, what you are feeling is completely understandable given what you experienced.
Compensation For Your Emotional Injuries
The goal of a car accident personal injury lawsuit it to try to come up with a financial figure that takes into account the total impact the car accident has had on your life. This includes all your medical bills, ongoing medical needs, missed work and inability to work, change in your intimate relationships and also your emotional issues. Properly addressing the psychological impact your accident has had on your life is one of our goals as your personal injury attorneys and something we can discuss further during your initial free consultation with us. At Walch Law, we are sorry for what you are dealing with and are here to help with your legal needs. Time is of the essence when it comes to meeting the very strict California car accident filing deadlines so do not hesitate to get in touch with us to discuss things further.
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\section{Binomial Distribution Approximated by Poisson Distribution}
Tags: Binomial Distribution, Probability Theory, Poisson Distribution
\begin{theorem}
Let $X$ be a discrete random variable which has the binomial distribution with parameters $n$ and $p$.
Then for $\lambda = n p$, $X$ can be approximated by a Poisson distribution with parameter $\lambda$:
:$\ds \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \binom n k p^k \paren {1 - p}^{n - k} = \frac {\lambda^k} {k!} e^{-\lambda}$
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $X$ be as described.
Let $k \in \Z_{\ge 0}$ be fixed.
We write $p = \dfrac \lambda n$ and suppose that $n$ is large.
Then:
{{begin-eqn}}
{{eqn | l = \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \binom n k p^k \paren {1 - p}^{n - k}
| r = \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \binom n k \paren {\frac \lambda n}^k \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^n \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^{-k}
| c =
}}
{{eqn | r = \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \frac {n^k} {k!} \paren {\frac \lambda n}^k \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^n \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^{-k}
| c = Limit to Infinity of Binomial Coefficient over Power
}}
{{eqn | r = \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \frac 1 {k!} \lambda^k \paren {1 + \frac {-\lambda} n}^n \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^{-k}
| c = canceling $n^k$ from numerator and denominator
}}
{{eqn | r = \dfrac {\lambda^k} {k!} \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {1 + \frac {-\lambda} n}^n \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^{-k}
| c = moving $\dfrac {\lambda^k} {k!}$ outside of the limit
}}
{{eqn | r = \dfrac {\lambda^k} {k!} \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {1 + \frac {-\lambda} n}^n \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {1 - \frac \lambda n}^{-k}
| c = Combination Theorem for Limits of Functions/Product Rule
}}
{{eqn | r = \dfrac {\lambda^k} {k!} \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {1 + \frac {-\lambda} n}^n \lim_{n \mathop \to \infty} \paren {1 - \frac k n}^{-k}
| c = $\lambda = n p$
}}
{{eqn | r = \frac {\lambda^k} {k!} e^{-\lambda} \paren {1 }
| c = {{Defof|Exponential Function/Real|subdef = Limit of Sequence|Exponential Function}}
}}
{{eqn | r = \frac {\lambda^k} {k!} e^{-\lambda}
| c =
}}
{{end-eqn}}
Hence the result.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
| math_pile | {'subset': 'ProofWiki', 'meta': "{'type': 'Theorem_Proof'}", 'original_id': '57c74cb03c8720f17fe2029392536c671427c49aab409c7421e2f50d1190824b'} |
Major-General Tweedie
This is an article, written for an American horse magazine, by
Andrew K Steen.
The contents are copywrite protected.
The Life, Times and Legacy of
Major-General William Tweedie
By Andrew K. Steen
Little did Cadet William Tweedie imagine as he walked down the gangplank and set foot on Indian soil, that 92 days later, he would nearly die from a bullet wound and be thrust headlong into the hellfire of the bloodiest insurrection the British Empire ever endured. Had Tweedie died like thousands of other Englishmen that perished in the Sepoy Munity of 1857-1859, his passing would have deprived us of arguably the finest book ever written about the Arabian horse.
For well over a hundred years, Major-General William Tweedie's The Arabian Horse, His Country and His People has been an unassailable source of information, that many considered the definitive work on the Bedouins and their desertbred horses. Countless students, scholars and aficionados have consulted and studied his book to augment their knowledge about the breed. Many consider his work to be the most erudite, best-researched and thought-provoking book ever written of its special genre.
In his introduction, Tweedie explained why he tackled the daunting task of writing his extraordinary book. "The Author of this volume, when still very young, found himself in the thick of a campaign, which lasted two years. In the harder half of that period, while the first shock of the Sepoy Mutiny and War was being confronted, he was not a mounted officer, but an ensign with a marching regiment. In India this makes little difference, as there, even in British regiments, the infantry subaltern, scarcely less than the cavalry and the staff officer, has a faithful horse as his partner in every duty, except on parade and when the battalion is formed for action. During the mid-day halt, the shadow of the noble animal protected him from the sun's rays; and cold wet night, when riding round the pickets; and on cold, wet nights he is often fain to thrust his feet into his horse's armpits for warmth. Impressions stamped upon the mind in this way have all the elements of permanence and the Author, when the episode of the Mutiny was over, found himself an Arab as regards his love of horses."
For a treatise of such substantial size (412 pages) and unprecedented detail, it is strange that he disclosed so little information about his own life and his personal involvement with the Arabian horse. Although most serious breeders are familiar with his Obra Magna until now, next to nothing has ever been disclosed about Tweedie's highly-adventurous life or military exploits in India, Abyssinia, Afghanistan and Arabia.
Almost everyone who has had the privilege and pleasure of reading the book will likely affirm that it is a remarkable―if not a unique work. With the singular exception of Lady Wentworth who declared that, "Tweedie was essentially gullible…his ignorance on the subject was profound," but let's face it, the envious matron of Crabbet Park habitually disparaged everyone whose opinions differed in the slightest degree with her own. Rather than debate which authority was right or wrong, in this article we will succinctly explore Tweedie's extraordinary personal saga.
A SCOTTISH FAIRYTALE
Tweedie is the name of one of the ancient Scottish clans. Their motto is 'Thole and Think' ('Thole' being an old Scottish word for 'suffer' or 'endure'). According to Scottish tradition the origin of the name came about when a certain husband who marched away to fight in the Holy Crusades, returned years later to discover that his wife was expecting a child. He was understandably perplexed, until his wife explained that she had been accosted by a fairy near the banks of the river Tweed. The gullible husband, who couldn't have been the brightest bulb on the Christmas tree, chose to believe her story, on the condition that her son was christened with the surname of Tweedie.
William Tweedie's grandparents were John (1775-1862) and Janet (née King) Tweedie. For generations the family had been gardeners at Eglinton Castle. In 1825, they emigrated (probably for religious motives), along with some 200 other residents of Edinburgh, to Buenos Aires where they established the Scottish colony of Monte Grande. John Tweedie was a botanist who discovered a number of indigenous Argentine medicinal plants that he sent back to England that are classified as tweedienas or tweediáceas.
Their first born son William King Tweedie (1803-1864), remained in Scotland and never saw his parents again. He became the Minister of the Tolbooth Kirk (Church) in Edinburgh and in 1843 led the disruptions, which culminated with the Free Church's separation from the established Church in Scotland. Reverend Tweedie was a very prolific author and pamphleteer, whose numerous books include: Ruined Cities of the East (1858), History of a Beggar Boy, Rivers and Lakes of the Scriptures (1857), and Eastern Manners and Customs (1870).
William King Tweedie married Margaret Bell (1803-1885), the daughter of Hugh Bell of Old Garphar, Straiton and Ayrshire. The couple had five children. The eldest and the protagonist of our story, William was born on October 31, 1836. His younger brother John (1838-1897) also ended-up to India, where he worked in the Bengal Civil Service, became Postmaster-General and later joined the Bengal Judicial Department. Their sisters were Maria Meredith, Margaret Bell and Jessie Anne. Little is known about their childhood.
subaltern OF the 37th Bengal Infantry
In those days, one the most promising careers for a young man of modest means was in the East Indian Company's Army. Consequently, following his graduation from St. Andrews College of Edinburgh, 21 year-old William enlisted as a Cadet in the 37th Bengal Infantry on January 20, 1857. After a two month steamship voyage around the Cape of Good Hope he arrived in India (probably Calcutta), on March 4, 1857 and was promptly promoted to Ensign, the lowest officers rank in the British Army.
Tweedie arrived to the sub-continent at a most inopportune time. India, which had been ruled since 1757 by East Indian Company, was on the verge of a major and extremely violent insurrection, which for years had been smoldering just below the surface.
At the time, in all of India there were only 41,160 British troops and 5,362 officers. Whereas the native conscripts, which were collectively known as 'Sepoys' of the armies of Madras, Bengal and Bombay exceeded 311,000 and outnumbered the British more than seven-to-one.
THE Sepoy Munity
The complex circumstances and events that provoked the Sepoy Munity and the simultaneous civilian uprising were many. The foremost objection amidst Sepoys was that they felt their prerogatives and rights had been infringed upon. Promotions were based on seniority, which due to the influx of European officers entering the army made rising through the ranks a very slow process that impeded Indian soldiers from advancing into better paying commissions. Additionally, as the East India Company annexed and overthrew new regions such as Burma during the Anglo-Burmese War, Sepoy units had been obliged to serve and fight in foreign regions in such places as Persia, Arabia, Crimean and China, which were far-removed from their families and cultures. The civilian rebellion was caused by widespread discontent amidst the disgruntle, disenfranchised landed gentry, many of whom had lost their properties and titles due to land reforms imposed by The Company, following the annexation of the Oudh region. However, feudal loyalties, taxation, religious motives and a justice system that was regarded as inherently unfair were among the important grievances that triggered the hostilities.
The first tremors of the bloody mutiny occurred at the Dum-Dum Arsenal near Calcutta, in the spring of 1857, when rumors concerning the cartridges used in the newly-issued Pattern 1853 Enfield rifles began to circulate amidst the troops. To load the rifles' firing mechanism, the Sepoys had to bite a paper gun-power cartridge. These were greased with tallow (beef fat) which was anathema to Hindus or lard (pork fat) which was regarded as 'haram' (unclean) by Muslims. Consequently, both of India's two principal religious groups were gravely offended.
Following the initial revolts on April 24, 1857at Meerut and Delhi, violence quickly spread into the Indian society, which had long shared many of the same feelings of hatred and resentment for the Company's iniquitous rule. The rebellion involved both Moslems and Hindus and spread into to all classes of the civilian society. However, the insurrection was localized, most of Southern India was not involved in the killing spree and a number of groups within the war-torn area, including the Gurkhas of Nepal, the Pakhtuns and the Sikh religious sects remained loyal to the British and continued to serve them. Indeed, those military units were primarily responsible for the suppression of the civil disobedience.
A typical incident of the Sepoy Munity occurred at Benares on June 4, 1857, when four British soldiers of the 37th Regiment were killed and 12 seriously injured by rebel fire, including Ensign William Tweedie who was "severely wounded in the right shoulder." The following extract from a detailed report written by his commander Lieutenant-Colonel (later General) James G. Neill was published in the October 16, 1857 edition of the Edinburgh Gazette, which frequently printed official military dispatches from India. Neill related how after having ordered the Madras Fusiliers Regiment to the parade grounds to disarm the sepoys, his British officers were attacked.
"I had arranged to start with a detachment of the regiment for Cawnpore on the afternoon of the 4th, but that afternoon intelligence was received…that the 17th Regiment had broken out into open munity and joined by the city people and jail prisoners…On this intelligence reaching Benares, Brigadier Posonby consulted with me about taking the muskets from the 37th, leaving them with side-arms…We moved up the Europeans [civilian militia] and guns towards the 37th, the Seikhs advanced upon the other flank of that corps, followed by Irregular cavalry. On Approaching the bells of arms of the 37th, the sepoys of that corps seized their arms, loaded them, and opened fire upon us, which was immediately returned with considerable execution by the Artillery and Europeans, the Seikh regiment not having yet come up. At this, several of our men fell wounded. The Brigadier (Ponsonby) was on his back on the ground, seemingly struck by a stroke of the sun and declared himself quite unfit for anything and begged that being the next senior officer, I would at once assume command, which I accordingly did. I directed a dash on the lines with the Europeans and Seikhs in the line on each flank of the Artillery. I was on the right of our men in the line when an alarm was given. I found the Seikhs had suddenly halted, wavered, and eventually gone about dispersed, having first, however, fired at and tried to shoot their Commanding Officer and Adjutant, and fired upon and wounded several other officers, and fired upon the squadron of Irregular Cavalry drawn up in the rear of them."
Cownpore AND THE BibigHar MASSACRE As the violence spread like wildfire, the Sepoy rebels and civilian Badmashes (villains) committed atrocities upon British civilians irrespective of their age or sex. Hundreds of men, women and even young children were slaughtered.
During a lull in the fighting, the remnants of the Cownpore (present day Kanpur) garrison were promised 'safe conduct' to evacuate on the Ganges River, but in the early morning of June 27, their 40 boats were fired upon from both banks of the river. Only four men in one of the boats escaped alive, two of whom later died from the wounds they had received. The 206 women and children that survived were held hostage, then later hacked to pieces. Their bodies were thrown into a well until it filled to the brim and the rest of the victims were tossed into the Ganges at the infamous Bibighar Massacre.
The acts of revenge committed by British civilian irregulars were no less horrendous. At first, the British appeared powerless to defend themselves against the uprising, but as they recovered their nerve and rallied, Lt.-Colonel Neill and others officers in Calcutta commence a counter-campaign of terror, by lynching every Indian that they could lay their hands on. When they reached Cownpore and saw the extent of the atrocities, they embarked upon an orgy of bloodshed. Lt.-Col. Neill contrived special methods of killing which, depending on whether he was a Hindu or Moslem would condemn their victims eternally. In the house where the British women and children had been slain, he forced his rebel prisoners to lick-up the blood from the walls and floor, before they were hanged. Others were tied in front of loaded cannons and blown to smithereens.Most of these British atrocities were committed during the heat of the moment without deliberation.
Upon recovering from his wounds, Ensign Tweedie volunteered for service with Her Majesty's 78th Highlanders under the overall command of Major-Gen. Sir Henry Havelock and took part in the Battle of Bithur on August 16, 1857. His Regiment then advanced towards Lucknow where they fought in the first relief and subsequent defense of the besieged Residency (the seat of government). Throughout their long march, they were frequently attacked by rebel forces. Nine-out-of-ten British troops that were involved in the assault of the Charbagh Canal perished.
The Siege of Lucknow had begun on May 30, 1857. Some 850 British officers and soldiers, 153 civilian volunteers, 712 loyal sepoys and 1,280 women and children took refuge in the East India Company's Government Residency. Under the command of Sir Henry Lawrence they fortified several adjacent palaces, mosques and administration buildings, comprising an area of roughly 60 acres within which they would defend themselves against approximately 5,000 Indians rebels for the next 87 days. By the time the first relief column arrived on November 27, the original defenders of the Residency had been reduced to only 982 fighting personnel. Following the arrival of Sir James Outram (who in theory was the ranking officer) and Sir Henry Havelock's relief column, in which Ensign Tweedie was involved, British forces had increased to around 8,000 against approximately 30,000 native combatants. However, the first relief column was not strong enough to end the siege and evacuate the surrounded enclave and was forced remain and fight the insurgents. It was not until a further 61 days on November 18, that a larger army under Commander-in-Chief, Sir Colin Campbell (latter Lord Clyde), finally managed to break through enemy lines to evacuate the entrapped soldiers and non-combatants and then abandon Lucknow.
British casualties of the two reliefs columns of Lucknow numbered 2,500 killed, wounded or missing, including Sir Henry Lawrence who was fatally wounded by a cannon shell, General James G. Neill who died from musket fire and Sir Henry Havelock who succumbed from a sudden attack of dysentery. Of the 2,000 men in Tweedie's 78th Regiment, 535 were killed, most during the final rush to relieve the beleaguered garrison.
Tweedie service record indicates that in November of 1857, he received the Indian Mutiny Medal with Clasps (clasps designate a particular battle) and was granted one year's extra service pay for having taken part in the defense of the Residency at Lucknow.
Following the relief of Lucknow, from September 19 until November 23, 1857, Tweedie served under General Sir James Outram whose army advanced through Oudh and attacked the Bailie Guards who were defending their entrenched positions at Alamgagh. Later Tweedie's division commanded by Sir Colin Campbell, advanced through Rohilpunud and following a three week engagement recaptured Barrilly on May 7, 1858. In the mean time, Ensign Tweedie had been 'gazetted' (promoted) to Lieutenant on April 30, 1858.
From January to March 1859, Tweedie's unit under the command of Gen. Michael, participated in the pursuit of the two most famous rebel leaders, Tantia Topi (1814-1859) and Firoze Shahas they launched a successful guerilla campaign which lasted over a year throughout the Narmada, Rajasthan and Khandesi regions of Central India. Tantya Topi was finally captured on April 7, 1859 and executed eleven days later. The last rebels were defeated at Gwalior on June 20, 1858 and shortly afterwards the rebellion was at last extinguished.
The Sepoy Munity forced the British to reorganize the army and the financial system and administration system of India were likewise restructured. The dissolution of the East India Company occurred in 1858. India was thereafter governed directly by the British government under the new Raj system, which administered the numerous Princely States.
On July 21, 1858, Tweedie transferred from the 4th Bengal Infantry to Beatson's Horse Regiment. Eleven months later, he was named Adjutant of the 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Hyderabad. The following month he passed the difficult mandatory examinations in Hindustani and became Regiment Interpreter. Within a year was promoted to 2nd Assistant Commissioner of the Hyderabad regional government.
Twenty-four months later, Tweedie was appointed Assistant Commander at Mooltan in Punjab. On May 20, 1862, he became Adjutant Commander 1st Cavalry Hyderabad Contingent where he stayed for only eleven months until he was appointed 2nd Assistant Resident of Hyderabad and 1st Assistant General Superintendant of Thagi and Darcy. Three years later, he obtained a 'High Proficiency' certificate in Persian and shortly thereafter he was named Magistrate and Judge at Secunderbad.
Before continuing William Tweedie's saga, we must pause and set the stage for his next great adventure. The complicated series of events that precipitated Britain's invasion of Abyssinia (as Ethiopia had been call since Biblical times) were so bizarre that they often seem more surrealistic than real.
In 1853, there arose a fearless Abyssinian tribal chieftain named Theodore (or Theodoreus), who by the age of 35 had defeated all the rival chiefs around Lake Tana (the source of the Blue Nile), and overran the vast and untamed Amhara district of Ethiopia. At the head of his small army, within the next two years he conquered the neighboring provinces of Tigré, Gojam and Shoa, where he either killed or imprisoned the ruling families of those regions. He then proclaimed himself Emperor Theodore II and by 1861, nobody could dispute his preeminence as the ruler of all Abyssinia.
Like many megalomaniacs, Theodore untruthfully claimed to descend from a long line of royal blood, including King Solomon and Alexander the Great. Incredibly, the British government regarded Theodore as an enlightened African ruler!
However, in retrospect, Alan Moorehead succinctly described his complex personality in his amazing book The Blue Nile in these words. "It has always been accepted that the Emperor Theodore was a mad dog let loose, a sort of black reincarnation of Ivan the Terrible and the Russian tyrants, and so he was in many ways, even by the savage standards of Ethiopia itself. Yet Theodore's appalling reputation does not fit him absolutely…He was far too emotional to be a calculating villain, and there was no real method in his madness…His wrath was indeed, terrible, and all terrible…He had the sort of unthinking courage that comes to some people as naturally as the air they breathe.”
In its insatiable lust to exploit new commercial markets, White Hall (the British Foreign Office), thought it worthwhile to establish diplomatic relations and appoint a British Consul to Theodore's Court.
Walter G. Plowden who had lived in Etheopia for several years seemed the ideal man to represent Queen Victoria's interests and oversee the handful of missionaries (who although of German extraction were sponsored by English religious societies), that had boldly ventured into the vast, dangerous, extremely primitive and virtually unexplored kingdom.
Although the ancient city of Gondar and the great mountain fortress of Magdala had fallen into his control, Theodore preferred to move about the countryside with his sizable camp, court and army. Courageous John Bell, one of the interpreters on Colonel Chesney's ill-fated 1836 Euphrates Expedition (featured in the December 2009, issue of the AHT), had joined a British expedition to Abyssinia in 1843 and married a native woman. He became the trusted advisor and Grand Chamberlain to Emperor Teodore and normally traveled by his side.
British Consul Plowden became caught-up in tribal rivalries and as might have been anticipated, was killed near Gondar. As a gesture of retribution to avenge Plowden’s murder, Theodore launched a punitive expedition and slaughtered around 2,000 members of the guilty tribe. During the battle, which was excessive even by Ethiopian standards, John Bell rushed to save Teodore's life by shooting a rival chieftain, but within seconds, he was slain by another warrior who in turn was killed by Emperor Theodore.
In its infinite wisdom, White Hall, appointed a new representative named Captain Charles Duncan Cameron a veteran of the East Indian Company's Diplomatic Service. He arrived at Gondar in 1862 and to the delight of Theodore presented him with a brace of pistols with silver plate stocks that were inscribed with the words, "Presented to Theodore, Emperor of Abyssinia, by Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, for his kindness to her servant Plowden, 1861."
It is not known whether Theodore took Queen Victoria's gift as a gracious acknowledgement of the massacre he has just committed or not, but instead of following Cameron suggestion of writing to the Queen and making a formal exchange civilities, Theodore drafted a polite communiqué offering to send one of his tribesmen as Ambassador to the Court of St. James.
Unfortunately, someone at White Hall dropped the ball and failed to answer his letter, which clearly called for a response. "I wish to have an answer to this letter (which has been drafted) by Consul Cameron." After waiting two years for an answer, Theodore grew increasingly offended and mistrustful. To make matters worse, White Hall dispatched Cameron on a routine, but surreptitious mission to Ottoman-controlled Kassala in the Sudan to ascertain the possibilities of growing cotton (due to the American Civil War cotton prices had quadrupled), and investigate the slave trade in the Eastern Sudan.
Theodore a Christian was justifiably leery of the Moslem Sudanese and regarded them as his bitter enemies. When he discovered that Cameron had ventured into their territory, he concluded that England and their allies who ruled the Sudan whom he called Turks were plotting to overthrow him.
Enraged, Theodore ordered that all of the European missionaries (of British, French, Swiss and German extraction along with their Ethiopian wives and 23 children), be put in chains and held hostage at Gondar. Upon Cameron's return in January 1864, he and his Irish assistant were likewise imprisoned and tortured, but he managed to smuggled a letter out from his cell that was published in The London Times, which stated, "There is no hope of my release unless a letter is sent as an answer to His Majesty."
Later around 30 of the hostages were moved to Theodor's inaccessible mountain stronghold at Magdala, 620 miles inland. When the news of these events reached London, the British Political Agent in Aden was ordered to send a special envoy with a personal letter from Queen Victoria apologizing to Emperor Theodor and to attempt to liberate the hostages through diplomatic means.
The intimidating task fell on Hormuz Rassam (1826-1910), an Iraqi of Chaldean Catholic parents who had been born and raised in Mosul and was the younger brother of Christian Rassam, the interpreter on Col. Chesney's 1836 Euphrates Expedition.
Hormuz Rassam was a talented and resourceful man of great tact, who was not lacking in bravery. His incredible exploits and rather tragic destiny are beyond the scope of this article, it is sufficient to say that when only nineteen-years-old, he had served as Sir Henry Austen Layard's assistant at the excavations of the ancient Assyrian cities of Nimrod and Nineveh (described in the August 2008 issue of the AHT). In 1847, Layard had taken Rassam to London to attend Cambridge and later he had supervised the Assyrian excavations in Iraq on behalf of the British Museum. In the ensuing years, Rassam achieved renown as an Archeologist in his own right, for discovering the Bronze Gates of Balawat and some 70,000 cuneiform tablets from the Babylonian city of Sippar, which are safeguarded in the British Museum's collections. Later Layard had helped Rassam secure the post of Assistant Resident in Aden, Yemen.
In July 1864, Rassam took a British gunboat to the plague-ridden port of Massawa, the gateway to Ethiopia and managed to get a series of polite messages to Theodore, asking his permission to meet with him. After waiting patiently for well over a year without an answer, Rassam sailed to Cairo to obtain updated instructions from London and to purchase expensive gifts (including several chandeliers, mirrors and masses of provisions), to try to appease and placate the insane Emperor.
At Cairo, Rassam was informed that he was being replaced by William Gifford Palgrave (portrayed in the April 2011 edition of the AHT), who had already arrived to Egypt. However, once the charlatan desert explorer was assessed of the extremely dangerous mission he abruptly turned-tail and sailed back to England.
Rassam returned to the Red Sea port of Massawa and despite warnings made his way overland through uncharted territories from Kassala to Metemma and eventually reached the shores of Lake Tana where a hoard of 1,400 warriors waited to escorted him to Theodore―who put him in chains with the other Europeans.
LORD NAPIER'S Abyssinian Expedition
Rassam's imprisonment and the plight of the 30 other hostages provoked one the most elaborate and costly invasions of the 19th century. Nearly four years after Cameron had been imprisoned, following heated debates in Parliament the great English rescue mission finally got underway.
Apart from the 13,000 soldiers (4,000 British and 9,000 Sepoys), more than 19,000 auxiliary laborers from Egypt, India, Persia and Ethiopia were involved in the punitive military campaign. The logistics were staggering, a fleet of 280 ships, both sail and steam, were needed to launch and disembark the troops, livestock and supplies. Forty-four trained elephants were shipped from India to transport the heavy guns on the 620 mile march inland. From all over Europe and Asia, 55,000 animals (including 20,000 mules and several thousand horses, camels and oxen), were purchased to transport the lighter military equipment and supplies then dispatched to beach at Zula 30 miles south of Massawa on the coast of Abyssinia. At the point of disembarkation, large piers, lighthouses and warehouses were built along with two condensers to convert seawater into fresh drinking water. A twenty miles railway was laid across the desert plains and a telegraph line several hundred miles long was erected in stages to maintain communications between the front and the base at Zula. Since the work force would accept only Austrian Marie Teresa silver-dollars and not enough could be found in European banks, 500,000 coins were especially minted in Vienna. Dozens of military officials from France, Prussia, Italy, Holland and Spain tagged along to observe the British troops. Regular press dispatches of the campaign were sent back to the world's major newspapers including the New York Herald, which sent Henry Morton Stanley to record the war. (Evidently, he enjoyed his experience in the jungles. His subsequent exploits in darkest Africa and his encounter with Dr. Livingston would later thrust him into world celebrity.)
Alan Moorehead's The Blue Nile related how, "Terrible dangers faced the soldiers; they would be exposed to unknown tropical diseases, adders would get into their blankets at night and fierce wild animals would attack them by day, they would die of thirst, they would die of frost-bite, all their mules would succumb to the tsetse fly…a wilder and more barbaric place than Ethiopia in the nineteenth century cannot be imagined."
Amongst the thousands of men that participated in the rescue mission was Lt. William Tweedie who was appointed to the Intelligence Department of the Abyssinian Expedition in November 1867 and served throughout the war as Political Secretary to Commander-in-Chief Lt.-General Sir Robert Napier (1810-1890), who had fought and was badly wounded at Locknow and later led the British expeditionary army in China during the Second Anglo-Chinese War of 1860.
For over 1,200 miles, Tweedie rode at Napier's side as the army marched across the desolate plains and through the uncharted jungles of east-central Abyssinia towards their fateful rendezvous with the enraged Emperor at his well fortified mountaintop bastion Magdala. With the aid some of his German workers, Theodore had cast an enormous seventy-ton iron mortar that resembles an upturned church bell, which he believed would render him invincible.
The first major battle occurred on April 10, 1868, at Arogie which, “became filled with rushing men heading for the plateau, the chiefs, about five hundred of them, dressed in scarlet and riding horses, and the spearmen running in between…some five thousand warriors…all of them singing their war song as the came on, and when they reached the plain.” Stanley wrote that “they inundated it with their dusky bodies.” When they came within range, Napier’sartillery and riflemen mowed them down and by nightfall 700 Ethiopians warriors lay dead on the grassy plain. “The following morning vultures attracted by the sight of blood, began to circle down on to the heaped bodies on the battlefield. Hyenas and jackals had already been at work there during the night.”
On April 12, Theodore released Rassam and the hostages and sent down 1,000 cattle and 500 sheep as a peace offering, but Napier refused them and the herds were turned back by their pickets. After the 3,000 elite troops and cavalry had scaled the 1,000 foot basalt escarpment and taken position few thousand yards from Theodore’s fortified bastion at Magdala, the Elephants with the heavy guns were brought up into position and the siege began on April 13.
The first salvos of rockets were directed at the gate then assault parties with ladders stormed the wall. It was not very heavy fire, only a few of the enemy were shooting from above, but nine British went down before they hacked their way through, forcing Theodor and his remaining followers to take refuge in a smaller fort within the walls. When the second gate was breached, the British troops rushed though it only to discover that all resistance had collapsed. In desperation Theodor had taken one of the pistols that Queen Victoria had given him and lodged a bullet in his brain. Within minutes some 3,000 Ethiopians appeared from hiding to surrender.
Stanley observed that it took 15 elephants to carry away Theodore’s spectacular treasure. It included, gold crowns, jeweled encrusted goblets, 900 ancient Coptic manuscripts, hundreds of religious icons as well as Staffordshire and Sèvres porcelain that he had been given by various European monarchs. To this day all of the Ethiopian government’s efforts to recover the treasure have been in vain.
The British casualties numbered 20 wounded of which two later died. Napier returned to England as a conquering hero. He was Knighted by Queen Victoria with the title of 1st Barron Napier of Magdala
Tweedie was twice 'mentioned' in Napier's official dispatches. He also was promoted Brevet of Major and decorated with the Abyssinian Campaign Medal with 2 Clasps for his exemplary service in the war. The London Gazette of June 30, 1868, published Napier's detailed report, which stated, "I have received the most valuable assistance from the Officers of my Personal Staff… Lieutenant Tweedie, Political Secretary, has performed his special duties with great ability and to my entire satisfaction. Lieutenant Tweedie attended me in the action of Arogie and at Magdala."…The campaign has been one of severe military labor from the first landing to the re-embarkation."
Seventy-six pages of original correspondence addressed to the man who would later publish his book recently discovered in the archives of the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh, reveal that Tweedie first wrote William Blackwood from Aden, Yemen, on December 30, 1867, while serving as Napier's Political Secretary. "Should you wish it, I shall try to send you a monthly letter… I propose writing, if my duties leave me leisure, not about our operations political or military, but of the natural features and object of interests of the new country." Their relationship endured for more than thirty years. Tweedie's articles were occasionally published in Blackwood's Magazine for which he received from £10 to £35, which was a fair amount of change in those days―Joseph Conrad earned only £20 for his first novel Almayer's Folly in 1895.
Following the Abyssinian Expedition on July 23, 1868, Tweedie resumed his duties as 2nd Assistant Commissioner of Hyderabad then was upgraded to 1st Assistant Commissioner. Later he was appointed as Sessions Judge and Local Secretary at Hyderabad in the Nizam's territory (except at Berar). Four years thereafter he became Political Agent and Commissioner (Governor) of Hyderabad where he remained until February 1, 1876.
On Sept. 15, 1876, Tweedie took an 18 month furlough to Europe, which was extended by one month and 10 days for special leave from field service. His delayed return was probably for personal reasons. On October 24, 1877, at age 41, Tweedie married Emily Harriet Whitmore, the daughter of Thomas Charlton and Lady Louisa Anne (née Douglas) Whitmore, of Apley Park, Salop, England. Emily was the third child of ten. Her mother Lady Louisa was the daughter of the 6th Marquess of Queensberry, whose grandson the 8th Marquess wrote the famous rules for the sport of boxing.
Tweedie's service records indicate, "while in England he was appointed Resident at Mandalay, however that promotion was afterwards cancelled on urgent domestic circumstances which compelled him, when on his way to Mandalay, Burma, to turn back from Rangoon and obtained an extension in India of his unexpired furlong." Whatever the reasons may have been for changing his plans, Tweedie reinitiated his diplomatic career in earnest upon his return to India.
Like all powerful nations Great Britain had a long tradition of declaring war whenever it could not achieve its political and economic objective through diplomacy. Such was the case of the Second Afghan War, which was fought essentially to prevent the Russia Empire from encroaching into and annexing Afghanistan, thus threatening English interests in India. The geopolitical maneuvers set in motion an intense confrontation between the British and Russian empires that lasted from 1878 until 1880 and became known as 'The Great Game'.
The conflict arose when Russia sent an uninvited diplomatic mission to Kabul. The British demanded that Sher Ali Khan the Amir of Afghanistan also accept a British diplomatic representatives. When the Amir not only refused to receive the British envoy Neville Bowles Chamberlain, but also threatened to stop it if it were dispatched. Lord Robert Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton (the future father-in-law Lady Wentworth), who was then Viceroy of India from 1876 to 1880, nevertheless sent the mission, which was turned back at the Khyber Pass. That diplomatic rebuff triggered the Second Afghan War. The British army of nearly 40,000 soldiers penetrated Afghanistan via three different mountain passes.
The Arabian horses of the Indian Army's Cavalry performed with distinction throughout the entire campaign. Major-General (later Sir) Frederick Robert led the Kabul Field Force over the Shutargardan Pass into central Afghanistan and on October 6, 1879, where they soundly defeated the Afghan Army at Char Asiab then occupied Kabul. In September 1880, Lord Roberts led the main British force from Kabul and vanquished the Afghan army again at Kandahar, which insured control of that nation's foreign policy in exchange for 'British protection' and a large monetary subsidy. England then abruptly abandoned its provocative policy of maintaining a Resident in Kabul and having achieved all of their major objectives withdrew its army in 1881.
At the beginning of the Second Afghan War, Major Tweedie was appointed for special political duty to the Staff of Major-Gen R. D. Bright. During the advance through Khaibar and Gandamak to Kabul, he commanded the Jalalabad Division. Following the campaign, he was appointed Political Agent 1st Class Eastern States (Rajputana) on Sept. 22, 1880. For his gallant service in Afghanistan, Tweedie was decorated with the Companion of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India on Dec. 23, 1881. Throughout the war Tweedie had been correspondent for Blackwood’s Magazine.
Resident of Turkish Arabia
On March 20, 1881, Tweedie was appointed as Resident of Turkish Arabia in Baghdad where he remained until April 28, 1882, only three days before his departure he was promoted Colonel. Following another six month furlough on private affairs, which he spent in India, Tweedie became the Political Agent 1st Class of Ajmer, on March 4, 1885. However, he returned to his old post at Baghdad on July 24, 1885 and less than a month later he was promoted Consul-General. He obtained his certificate for 'Higher Standard in Arabic' six months later. His daily routine as Resident, involved writing frequent diplomatic reports and dispatches describing all manner of proceedings in Arabia, including the lucrative Arabian horse trade. As part of his official duties, Tweedie rode over a thousand miles to inspect the various horse-breeding Bedouin tribes of Mesopotamia, then drafted a lengthy report titled, Turkish Arabia being an account of an official tour of Babylonia, Assyria and Mesopotamia 1886-1887.
Throughout the many years that he served in Baghdad, Tweedie not only observed Arabian horses in their native habitat, but also bred them. During his extensive travels, he had the opportunity to study many different factions of the Bedouin tribes and their desertbred horses. A gifted linguist fluent in Arabic, he buttressed his forcefully written texts with a bibliography of 39 classic works and hundreds of interesting footnotes, which always contain a source. To corroborate his assertions, Tweedie ransacked virtually every known work that mentioned the breed and even had the original Italian texts of explorer Carlo Guarmani translated into English.
On February 1, 1883, Tweedie's sister had written to Blackwood and mentioned that he was suffering from some grave ailment (perhaps Malaria), and alluded to the state of his health on two subsequent occasions. Nevertheless, eleven months later he had resumed his investigation of the Arabian horse. His letter of December 18, 1884, from Poona, India, disclosed that, "I have not begun my book about Arabian horses yet, being deep in the study of the Arabic language which is a tremendous undertaking. However, material for the book is being collected; and if I live; you shall have it one day, even if I have again to visit Arabia for more materials."
From India and Baghdad, Tweedie continued sending articles and segments of his manuscript via his family, which forwarded them to William Blackwood. On June 25, 1888, Tweedie was granted another furlough of 10 months and 10 days and returned to England via the Suez Canal.
A rare glimpse into Tweedie's character was provided by his sister Margaret Bell who wrote Blackwood on June 27, 1888 while her brother was on the high seas. She reflected how, "Few sisters having such a kind and good brother as he has always been. I am very much pleased that you think the opening chapters of his book promise well and I sincerely hope the whole work will meet with your approbation, if the dear old man is spared to complete it." When the University of Pennsylvania's 1888-1890 Archeological Expedition to Babylonia arrived to Baghdad its director John P. Punnett lamented that Major Talbot was acting Resident and that he was deprived of Tweedie’s vast knowledge of the nearby ruins.Upon his return Baghdad on May 5, 1889, Tweedie resumed his diplomatic duties as Resident of Turkish Arabia where he apparently remained until October of 1891 when he "reverted to military duty." Unfortunately,no further information about his activities in India were disclosed in his service records or discovered at either British or Scottish National Archives, but obviously at some point prior to his return to Europe he was promoted to the rank of Major-General.
It is not known when Tweedie imported his desertbred stallion Rashid to England, but it was probably sometime around 1891, because on September 28, 1892, James Clark a well known artist of the era who had previously painted two of Major Elliott's stallions (including Euclid, the stallion Count Jozef Potocki had bought in India whom Lady Wentworth criticized so intensely), wrote to Tweedie. He agreed to travel to Ascot and do an oil painting of his imported grey Arabian stallion Rashid. Tweedie disclosed that he had, "personally bought (Rashid) about this time last year from the Aeniza Bedouins and whom I regard as a typical specimen of the actual (as different from picture book) Arabian horse of our day. But he has never illustrated his pedigree by turf performance."
One deduces that Tweedie's passion for the Arabian horse continued unabated for the rest of his life. In his letter to Blackwood of June 4, 1893, he mentioned that he had offered his stallion Rashid as a model for Lord Robert's 30 foot high equestrian statue which was cast in England and later erected in Calcutta. Unfortunately, it is not known if sculptor Harry Bates (1850-1899), took him up on his offer. (Smaller copies of Bates' statue of Lord Robert were also erected in Glasgow, Scotland and at Queen’s Gate in London.)
In 1894, William Blackwood published Major-General William Tweedie's book on the Arabian horse in a limited edition of only 100 copies. For some years thereafter, Tweedie continued to send letters and submit articles to Blackwood's Magazine, making observations about various politicians and events. Looking back many years he described Emperor Teodoreus as "that drunkard monster."
Sometime after Tweedie's return to Scotland, in 1902 he purchased a property at Lettrick, Dunscore, Scotland, where he built a manor home that reportedly cost the hefty sum of £23,000. Recognized as an authority of Oriental languages and Indian and Arab customs, scholars, authors and the British government frequently sought him out to benefit from his profound knowledge of those topics.
Tweedie's wife Emily died on October 12, 1912 and the great Arabian horse authority passed away two years later on September 18, 1914. Having no heirs he willed everything to the University of Edinburgh. However their records indicate that his bequest amounted to only £3,000. The peculiar detailed arrangements that Tweedie drafted for his own burial (among other things that requested to be dressed in Arab garb), easily ranks as amongst the most bizarre funerals in Scottish history. (Complete details can be found on the Internet at:
Nowadays when rare 1st editions of The Arabian Horse, His Country and His People occasionally come on the market, theycommand from $2,500 to $4,000. Among the many authorities that have praised Tweedie's engrossing and magnificent tome was Carl Raswan who summed it up nicely as, "a timeless book and always new and refreshing.” All those fortunate enough to read and study the later Borden edition of Major-General William Tweedie's masterpiece are likely to draw the same conclusion.
Author’s Note: Spelling of Indian and Afghan proper nouns is almost as diverse as Arabic and varies at the whim of a given author. Readers wishing to learn more about the Napier's Abyssinian Expedition and Emperor Theodor are encouraged to consult Alan Moorehead's 1962 book ‘The Blue Nile’. The engrossing text also contain a wealth of information on John Lewis Burckhardt's Egyptian journeys, Napoleon's Campaigns in Egypt, James Bruce’s (1780-1844) amazing exploration of Ethiopia and an excellent account of Mr. & Mrs. Samuel Baker's 1861 expedition to those unexplored regions. Several extracts of Tweedie's dispatches regarding the Arabian horse trade can be found in Hala Fattah's 1979 book, The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia and the Gulf 1745-1900.
Time Line of William Tweedie's Life
Oct. 31, 1836 William Tweedie was born probably at Edinburgh, Scotland
Jan. 20, 1857 Entered the Honorable East Indian Company's Army as a Cadet in the Infantry
March 4, 1857 Promoted to Ensign of 37th Bengal Infantry
April 30, 1858 Promoted Lieutenant
July 21, 1858 Attached to the 4th Beatson's Horse Regiment
Oct. 22, 1858 Transferred to 4th Bengal Infantry
Dec. 3, 1858 Retuned to Beatson's Horse Regiment
May 18, 1859 3rd Adjutant Calvary Regiment at Hyderabad
April 1859 Passed Hindustani examinations
May 29, 1860 2nd Assistant Commander at Hyderabad
June 20, 1862 Returned as Adjutant 3rd Calvary Regiment at Hyderabad
May 20, 1862 Assistant Commander at Mooltan, Punjab
Oct. 18, 1862 Adjutant Commander 1st Cavalry Hyderabad
March 7, 1863 2nd Assistant Resident of Hyderabad & 1st Assistant General Superintendent of Thagi and Darcy
March 1865 2nd Assistant Commissioner of Hyderabad & obtained 'High Proficiency' rating in Persian
April 18 1865 Appointed Magistrate and Judge at Secunderbad
July 1, 1867 2nd Assistant Commissioner of Hyderabad
Nov. 1867 Political Secretary to Sir Robert Napier in Abyssinia,
April 1868 Fought at the battles of Arogi and Magdala
Nov. 1867 Promoted Major & decorated with Star of Abyssinia 'with two clasps'
July 23, 1868 Resumed duties as 2nd Assistant Commissioner of Hyderabad
Sept. 14, 1886 1st Assistant Commissioner of Hyderabad
Sept. 26, 1870 Sessions Judge & Local Secretary of Nizzam's Territory
Jan. 17, 1874 Political Agent (Governor) of Hyderabad
March 28, 1876 Governor-General of Moorshedabad
Sept. 15, 1876 Furlough to Europe
Oct. 23,1877 Marriage to Emily H. Whitmore
Sept. 26, 1879 Political Staff Officer for Major-Gen. R. D. Bright during Second Afghan War, Commander of the Jalalabad Division
Sept. 22, 1880 Political Agent of Eastern States (Rajputana)
Feb. 22, 1881 Decorated with Most Exalted Order of the Star of India
Dec. 23, 1881 Resident at Gwalior
March 20, 1881 Resident of Turkish Arabia at Baghdad
April 25, 1882 Promoted Colonel
Aug. 18, 1884 Six month furlough spent in India
March 4,1885 Political Agent Ajmere
July 24, 1885 Returned as Resident to Baghdad
Feb. 26, 1885 Obtained his 'Higher Standard in Arabic Certificate'
1886-1887 Extensive official tour of Babylonia, Assyria and Mesopotamia
June 25, 1888 10 month & 10 day furlough
May 5, 1889 Resident at Baghdad until October 1891
1894 Tweedie's book The Arabian Horse, His Country and His People is published
1902 Acquired property at Lettrick, Dunscore, Scotland where he built his manor home
Oct. 12, 1912 Death of Tweedie's wife Emily Harriet
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We have designed our range of boxes to represent the different materials that come into Green Collect from offices all over Melbourne. Some of the materials you'll find include calculators, small electrical, high-grade reclaimed card, stickers, bindings, stamps and SO much more!
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NOT YOUR AVERAGE CRAFT WORKSHOP!
We help children to gain a deeper understanding of recycling tear-down processes, how things can be re-used instead of thrown away and how to create new treasures from old 'rubbish'. By the end of the workshop they'll be seeing 'rubbish' as a precious and fun resource.
Using hands-on upcycling play using reclaimed art and craft supplies sourced from our environmental collections service, children will understand that they can make a difference and have fun at the same time. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bcde690a4b00f5dc6c8550978216f7fd4b841d9b10b25e72ddbd1baf29b7e7d4'} |
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