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The chemical equation of the development of film in photography
Dry the paper with a hair dryer. Bythe problem had been solved by Dr. Therefore, as the hole-complexes reach the surface, they disassociate: Downloadable Resources January Favorite photographs are the keepsakes of a lifetime. This is optional, and reduces the number of processing steps.
Are you sure you want to delete this answer? Studies demonstrated that the lifetimes of holes near the surface of the grain are much longer than those in the bulk, and that these holes are in equilibrium with adsorbed bromine.
The net effect is an equilibrium push at the surface to form more holes. This process is known as toning. Following the stop bath, the film is bleached to remove the developed negative image.
Photography is just one of the amazing gifts of science and technology that add enjoyment to our lives. A rinse with clean water may be substituted.
In very hard water areas, a pre-rinse in distilled water may be required - otherwise the final rinse wetting agent can cause residual ionic calcium on the film to drop out of solution, causing spotting on the negative. The radiation or light sensitivity of a silver halide film referred to in the trade as its "speed" and denoted on commercial film as its ASA in the United States or DIN in Europe is related to the size of the grain and to the specific halide composition employed.
Nor will it go beyond a cursory mention of color photographic processes, which will be left for the future. This step demonstrates the advantage and superiority of silver halides over other systems: The compound AgCl is found naturally in small amounts in silver deposits and is known as the mineral chlorargyrite chlor-ARE-jur-ite.
In Daguerre demonstrated his photographic process to the Academy of Sciences in Paris. An optimum value of grain size for a given sensitivity is found to exist because the same number of silver atoms are needed to initiate reduction of the entire grain by the developer despite the grain size, so that producing larger grains reaches a point of diminishing returns and no further benefit is obtained.
In photography what are some of the chemical reactions when developing exposed film?
Developing agents typically work best in basic solutions. The eye is not only much more complex than a camera and its film, but the two imaging devices function by different chemical mechanisms.Several different chemical processes have been used in photography.
Some of the earliest used silver salts that darkened on exposure to light. Oct 14, · In photography what are some of the chemical reactions when developing exposed film? Follow. 1 answer 1. What is the Chemical Equation for developing film?
I need help on a project. Thanks? The film development and printing processes? More Resolved. The Chemical Equation of the Development of Film in Photography.
Photographic film
words. 3 pages. An Analysis of the Big Bang Theory Explaining How the Universe Began. 1, words. 2 pages. An Analysis of the Fundamentals of Television and Television Signals. 3, words.
5 pages. Chemical composition of developers. For black-and-white photography, the developer typically consists of a mixture of chemical compounds prepared as an aqueous solution. Three main components of this mixture are developing agents.
Protect yourself against the day your favorite film developer becomes unavailable, in the development process, the washing step is often not well understood, yet it is extremely important.
the Austrian military officer who devised this formula, was an accomplished photographic engineer. He pioneered the use of photography. Chemistry of Photography Nov 08 PM | Chris Haslego in Other Topics While it is easy to make comparisons between the pupil of the eye and the f-stop of a camera or between the retina of the eye and photographic film, once we get past the basic similarities of the optics of the two systems, comparisons begin to rapidly break down.
The chemical equation of the development of film in photography
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<div class="hero-wrap js-fullheight"
style="background-image: url('../../../../assets/images/bg_1.jpg'); padding-bottom: 5%;"
data-stellar-background-ratio="0.5">
<div class="container">
<div class="row no-gutters slider-text js-fullheight align-items-center justify-content-end"
data-scrollax-parent="true">
<div class="col-md-7 ftco-animate mt-5" data-scrollax=" properties: { translateY: '70%' }">
<h1 class="mb-4" data-scrollax="properties: { translateY: '30%', opacity: 1.6 }" style="margin-top: 10%;">Be a
Traveler not a Tourist
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<section class="ftco-section bg-light">
<div class="container">
<div class="row d-flex">
<div class="col-md-4 d-flex ftco-animate" *ngFor="let trip of postP">
<div class="blog-entry justify-content-end" style="width: 100%;">
<a routerLink="/trip/{{trip.id}}" class="block-20"
[ngStyle]="{'background-image': 'url(http://localhost:8080/trips/' +trip.id +'/image)'}"
>
</a>
<div class="text mt-3 float-right d-block">
<div class="d-flex align-items-center pt-2 mb-4 topp">
<div class="one">
<span class="day">{{trip.id}}</span>
</div>
<div class="two">
<span class="yr"></span>
<span class="mos">{{trip.creationDate}}</span>
</div>
</div>
<h3 class="heading"><a routerLink="/trip/{{trip.id}}">{{trip.name}}</a></h3>
<p>{{trip.description}}</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<app-pagination [number]="pagePost.number" [total]="pagePost.totalPages"
[link]="'/trip/page/'"></app-pagination>
</div>
</section>
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Q:
Rails 5.1 Routes: dynamic :action parameters
Rails 5.0.0.beta4 introduced a deprecation warning on routes containing dynamic :action and :controller segments:
DEPRECATION WARNING: Using a dynamic :action segment in a route is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 5.1.
The commit message from this PR states:
Allowing :controller and :action values to be specified via the path
in config/routes.rb has been an underlying cause of a number of issues
in Rails that have resulted in security releases. In light of this
it's better that controllers and actions are explicitly whitelisted
rather than trying to blacklist or sanitize 'bad' values.
How would you go about "whitelisting" a set of action parameters? I have the following in my routes file, which are raising the deprecation warning:
namespace :integrations do
get 'stripe(/:action)', controller: 'stripe', as: "stripe"
post 'stripe/deactivate', controller: 'stripe', action: 'deactivate'
end
A:
Though it's a bit cumbersome, the best approach seems to be to explicitly define the routes:
namespace :integrations do
namespace 'stripe' do
%w(auth webhook activate).each do |action|
get action, action: action
end
end
post 'stripe/deactivate', controller: 'stripe', action: 'deactivate'
end
A:
Is not the same case as you, but I did this:
class PagesController < ApplicationController
def index
render params[:path]
end
end
Routes:
get ':path', to: 'pages#index'
I suppose if I want a nested path I will use *:
get '*path', to: 'pages#index'
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How to Implement Custom Verbs for Folders through Desktop.ini
In Windows 7 and later, you can add verbs to a folder by using Desktop.ini. For more information about Desktop.ini files, see How to Customize Folders with Desktop.ini.
Desktop.ini files should always be marked System + Hidden so they won't be displayed to users.
To add custom verbs for folders through a Desktop.ini file, perform the following steps.
Step 1:
Create a folder that is marked Read-only or System.
Step 2:
Create a Desktop.ini file that includes a [.ShellClassInfo] DirectoryClass=Folder ProgID.
Step 3:
In the registry, create HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Folder ProgID with a value of CanUseForDirectory. The CanUseForDirectory value avoids the misuse of ProgIDs that are set not to participate in implementing custom verbs for folders through Desktop.ini.
Step 4:
Add verbs under the Folder ProgID subkey, for example:
(Default) = %SystemRoot%\system32\notepad.exe %1\desktop.ini
These verbs can be the default verbs, in which case double-clicking the folder activates the verb. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7047045230865479}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '28474', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JHS6VOKZVJJKG4CSOD6XHWR2Q7E7C4OE', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:5cdfc306-e97e-4238-b41e-eaca854892f1>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 10, 19, 21, 57, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.117.21.32', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4VHZYI6BIIWZUVRANLHKSIPMBWYWJJUF', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2034c201-5c0a-4843-b915-1505a0210ce7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/how-to-implement-custom-verbs-for-folders-through-desktop-ini?redirectedfrom=MSDN', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:dcdb97fe-c660-4cf1-adff-9b428759c604>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '154', 'url': 'https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/shell/how-to-implement-custom-verbs-for-folders-through-desktop-ini?redirectedfrom=MSDN', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-43\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-129.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.6878657341003418', 'original_id': '34e84d486e56289701676b233a63143cb04b763fea03a22f4d5ba75baec7d8f5'} |
Not FoundThe requested URL "https://www.budget.gouv.fr/sites/performance_publique/files/farandole/ressources/2009/rap/html/DRGPGMPRESPGMACTPGM157_fichiers/image002.gif" was not found on this server. | common_corpus | {'identifier': '<urn:uuid:db4bdcc8-30a1-4139-b6c3-c73b55d54068>', 'collection': 'French Open Data', 'open_type': 'Open Government', 'license': 'Various open data', 'date': '2009.0', 'title': 'https://www.budget.gouv.fr/sites/performance_publique/files/farandole/ressources/2009/rap/html/DRGPGMPRESPGMACTPGM157_fichiers/image002.gif', 'creator': 'budget.gouv.fr', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '11', 'token_count': '65', '__index_level_0__': '8453', 'original_id': 'e601f641c833e8af13756dede7f5d07c57142ba3804a113c3ca8ce9979525129'} |
Tuesday, April 15, 2014
Currencies as symbols
George Osborne's threat that the rUK would be unwilling to enter a currency union with Scotland in the event of a Yes vote in September has "backfired" according to the Nationalists. Quite why the suggestion that an independent Scotland should have an independent monetary policy counts as a threat is not something the SNP have bothered to explain - although to be fair, I am not sure I can recall any journalist nor politician asking them to do so. But in as far as the intended aim of ruling out a currency union was to make Scots less likely to vote for independence, it seems that it is indeed right to say that it has not 'worked'. Voting intentions, in as far as one can tell, have been unaffected by the issue. If anything, it gave a marginal nudge towards the Yes camp. The question is why? The one favoured by the Nationalists is that Scots agree with the SNP when they say HM Government are bluffing. Their other explanation is that voters resent being bullied. There is some evidence for the former claim - not a lot, as far as one can tell, for the latter. But there is a another possibility: the reason why the currency issue has not had the impact that politicians and pundits thought it would is simply because the issue does not resonate with the average voter. People generally do not have a great deal of interest in, nor understanding of, the economics of currencies and currency union. This is hardly surprising - it's not as if the political class are likely to engage with them on the matter in any meaningful way.
"Vote No, keep the pound" may yet prove to gain traction with voters in Scotland but I doubt it. It reminded me too much of William Hague's unsuccessful tenure of leader of the Conservative Party when he made opposition to the Euro a key plank of the 2001 manifesto. He was, as it turned out, quite wrong to assume that a Labour government were going to sign Britain up to EMU but he was also wrong to think this was a burning issue for most people, regardless of their political inclinations. Euro-sceptics saw membership of EMU as an unacceptable capitulation of national sovereignty, whereas Euro-enthusiasts associated it with a rejection of "little-Englanders" and an embrace of all that they perceived to be funky and cosmopolitan about the EU. I'd suggest that most of the British electorate saw the euro currency issue in this symbolic way too but the polling evidence would seem to suggest that, however they saw it, it was not anything like as important to them as it was to politicians and pundits. It's a bit like the pervasive attitude to religion; people are very suspicious of enthusiasm.
There's a sense that this is being repeated in the independence 'debate'. What 'keeping the pound' means to people in Scotland is difficult to say. For the Nationalists, the prospect of remaining in a sterling zone is the flagship of their 'independence by stealth' strategy; they hope that it will give the wavering voter the assurance that Scotland's departure from the Union will be achieved with a minimum of disruption. For those of us who are implacably opposed to independence, it represents the unwillingness of the Nationalists to make an honest and unambiguous argument for what they claim to believe in. But there's a danger that both sides are devoting energy to a rather arid conversation that passes most people by. This is not to say that the currency issue doesn't matter. I think it matters a great deal but there's little chance of engaging people in any kind of conversation without a willingness to be candid on the matter. Can I give what is, I hope, a non-partisan example? A currency union is less likely than some people assume because those responsible for arranging it would assume such an agreement would require a sort of mini-stability pact that set mutual limits on government borrowing and such like. Even if he was so inclined, what sort of agreement of this type would George Osborne be able to keep to? None that would have any credibility in the present situation, as far as I can see. But it is not in the interests of any of the participants in the independence debate to point this out. Not the Tories, for obvious reasons - and not anyone in Better Together either. Neither would the Nationalists lest they concede the possibility that rUK might just have reasonable grounds for ruling out a currency union after all. What we're left with is indeed bluff and bluster, although not necessarily for the reasons that people are suggesting.
Blog Archive | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9774052500724792}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '102419', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:46JGABYLRD6F3DXTXJFM4OOYMHC7IKUS', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:982505a9-c5f0-4ffb-83b0-152789c57bd3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 10, 23, 9, 31, 45), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:OPSTBYC4EUMPFINRBRUAS2TLRGBES3F2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:029cb782-19b0-4304-8d55-9234598cb295>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://modies.blogspot.com/2014_04_01_archive.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7a2569d-4346-441e-820f-3ec8c931bebe>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '758', 'url': 'http://modies.blogspot.com/2014_04_01_archive.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-138-94-242.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-43\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for October 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.30714261531829834', 'original_id': 'ef8fc9659b064de919e231d3ed74434369967c48bc7bb765453b20aa2a7b83a0'} |
Wednesday, 27 May 2009
At a certain point, perhaps the pinnacle of boredom with life or the pit of despair, or even the height of ecstasy, you may see that all you have been doing, one way or another, is avoiding yourself.
Every activity has been a dodging of who you are. You may have been keeping yourself busy while your life passes you by.
Sometimes you exhaust all avenues and end up with nothing fulfilling enough to satisfy your sinking spirits, nothing real enough to keep you going, nothing convincing enough to overcome the enormous argument that something inside you is having with the way you are living.
Those avenues are all avoidances, beautiful, beguiling and businesslike, and that something inside is who you are.
It knows something that you don't but are bound to find out, even if it is only in your dying moments. It can be put off for a lifetime but eventually you will sit with it.
Perhaps and preferably, you will face it sooner rather than later. You will sit somewhere silently and just let it be.
You will not reach for the TV remote, not get up to work, not drink, smoke or have sex. You will not bury yourself in a book, not clean the house, and not tackle that endless to-do list again.
You will not shop, eat or even listen to music. You will stop talking, stop pushing, stop trying. For once, you will just sit.
Sit with yourself. Let yourself be. Let life be. Do not run away, do not resist.
Do not act on the urge to get going again. Do not. Just sit.
It can feel like hell at first but when you have avoided so much that avoiding feels worse, sitting is all you have left. Then even hell is a welcome relief.
It is the doorway to life that you have turned away from, now opening.
Sitting with yourself is the start.
Wednesday, 20 May 2009
The more aware you become, the more sensitive you will be, and the more attuned to discomfort you will be, too.
Of course, your relationship with discomfort will then evolve.
When you are unconscious, your discomfort will rule your life. You will act on it without being aware that you are doing so or even feeling it.
You will be identified with and lost in the layer of your being where urges and actions are synonymous. You will also be susceptible to manipulation, deliberate or otherwise, by others, the media, social forces and the like.
Discomfort is part of life and the more accepting you become generally, the more at home you will be with the tides of duality. You will not resist them and you will not be swept by them either.
You will be increasingly centred. The world will carry on around you and you will be the inner silence. The wheel will keep turning and you will be the hub.
From here you will allow energies to move, to build up and release. You will understand discord and euphoria to be different states of the same flow, the same discomfort, and you will attach yourself to neither. You will just watch and allow. You will be free and wise.
The trick with discomfort is to be aware of it first, then to let it go. Nothing lasts forever, or even for very long, so there is no need to panic, fight or try to change what you perceive as circumstance.
Just let it be and let it move through. Immediately as you do, it will feel different and begin to shift. Sooner or later, it will reveal its potential.
See it, sit with it detached from it, and discomfort will turn into transformation.
Wednesday, 13 May 2009
Watch yourself. As you go about your day, watch what you do. Be the doer but be the observer, too.
Gradually, the observer will become more prominent until the weight has shifted from the unconscious self to pure consciousness. Watching will put you in touch with presence.
Watch your thoughts. They are not you, although you have identified yourself with them for so long.
They are little impulses of energy, pictures on a screen, mental sounds and words, but they are not your consciousness. They float or flash within your consciousness but you are the container not the contained. You are the observer, not the observed.
Watch your feelings. They are deeper than thoughts but they are still the object when you are the subject. Watch them come and go. Watch them rise and fall, go up, down, left and right.
They are e-motions, energy in motion, but they are not you. They are intense, experientially overwhelming sometimes, but you are the awareness that transcends them. You can enjoy and use them and, through them, know yourself, but you are not their slave.
Watch your habits and learned reactions. Watch your susceptibility to the influence of others, plus the insecurity and self-doubt on which it is based.
Watch the part of you that gets irritable and can be pushed and pulled around by circumstance. See the part of you that seems separate from existence.
Watch more and more, and bring yourself back to watching every time you remember to.
Use opportunities when you have to wait for whatever reason to become more of the watcher and turn 'wasted' time into the most profound spiritual growth.
Watch yourself in everything you do because the one who is watching is the real you.
Wednesday, 6 May 2009
I have never surfed in the sea, so I am speaking metaphorically with no existential authority about the metaphor.
Just thought I would make that clear upfront. If that precludes me from sharing my insight in your eyes, perhaps now is a good time to swim to shore. I am going to take the risk and keep writing.
Writing is, in many ways, like surfing.
You make your way out into the ocean, which is the great universal sea of consciousness. You are vulnerable but, somehow, through surrender to the whole, and through awareness, you are able to stay afloat.
You are alone but all one, both at once. It is not up to you whether you surf or not but you head out and prepare yourself anyway. It’s very likely that sometime you will be in the write place at the write time and a wave will find you.
You know how to surf to some degree, no matter your level of experience, and you are at the same time clueless, also regardless of your ability. It’s paradoxical but creative tension is your territory.
Sometimes something happens immediately, or you even head out seeing beforehand that there is motion in the ocean.
Sometimes there are no swells to speak of, so you wait. You float and feel and let yourself merge with the enormous mystery.
Then, when a wave swells, you spring into action, stand up on your keyboard and, using your skill, instinct, and alertness, and in boundless and humble delight, you ride it home.
Surfing must be like writing in many ways. You can’t predict it, you can’t control it, but you can work with it.
You need all your wits about you but it’s not you who does it. You are always learning. If you think, you fall, so you have to flow. It’s a way of life.
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Fast and sensitive detection of ochratoxin A in red wine by nanoparticle-enhanced SPR.
Herein, we present a fast and sensitive biosensor for detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) in a red wine that utilizes gold nanoparticle-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR). By combining an indirect competitive inhibition immunoassay and signal enhancement by secondary antibodies conjugated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), highly sensitive detection of low molecular weight compounds (such as OTA) was achieved. The reported biosensor allowed for OTA detection at concentrations as low as 0.75 ng mL(-1) and its limit of detection was improved by more than one order of magnitude to 0.068 ng mL(-1) by applying AuNPs as a signal enhancer. The study investigates the interplay of size of AuNPs and affinity of recognition elements affecting the efficiency of the signal amplification strategy based on AuNP. Furthermore, we observed that the presence of polyphenolic compounds in wine samples strongly interferes with the affinity binding on the surface. To overcome this limitation, a simple pre-treatment of the wine sample with the binding agent poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was successfully applied. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6ae06b9bc7b671ee2760805ab3635b6285004540f5107b468b86bb186186a9f2'} |
Prisoners see linked struggles in California, Palestine
Palestinians demand the release of their loved ones imprisoned inside Israeli jails, Ramallah, 3 September.
Issam Rimawi APA images
This week on The Electronic Intifada podcast:
Rush transcript: Lara Kiswani and Azadeh Zohrabi on solidarity between prisoner hunger strikers in California and Palestine
The Electronic Intifada: Azadeh, let’s start off with you. can you tell us about the latest news on the hunger strike protests that are still going on inside California prisons, and what they’re demanding, and how the state has responded so far?
Azadeh Zohrabi: Yes. You mentioned earlier that there are about 40 people who are still on hunger strike, and those are people who have been on hunger strike continuously since July 8th — today is their 57th day. However, they’re not the only ones on hunger strike; there are about 150 other people who are also on hunger strike, they just haven’t been on hunger strike continuously. They may have come off hunger strike and restarted their hunger strike.
We also noticed that since two weeks ago, when a federal court in California gave permission to the Department of Corrections to begin force-feeding people, that many protesters have rejoined the hunger strike in protest of this force-feeding order. So we see that numbers are rapidly going up. So far, the state of California has not engaged in negotiations with the hunger strikers, nor have they addressed the demands of the hunger strikers in any reasonable or meaningful way.
The prisoners who are on hunger strike are demanding an end to the administrative abuse that they face, a lot of these things happen with very little due process and very little transparency. And people are spending decades in solitary confinement under these conditions that are not conditions that are given to them as part of their sentence by a court when they’re sentenced to prison, it’s completely done administratively, in secrecy, using confidential evidence that can’t be challenged.
They’re also asking for better food. A lot of them are complaining about the nutritional inadequacy of the food that they’ve been given. A lot of them are asking for more contact with their families, better conditions, more time out of their cells, and an end to long-term solitary confinement — this practice that allows the Department to hold them in cells by themselves for forty or more years.
EI: Lara Kiswani, this sounds shockingly similar to the conditions that Palestinian prisoners are facing in Israeli jails and detention centers. Can you talk about how this struggle in California connects to the Palestinian struggle for human rights, and why are solidarity activists organizing around the hunger strikes inside California prisons?
Lara Kiswani: Yes, definitely. There are very organic connections and links between what’s happening here with prisoners in California and across the US, and what’s happening with prisoners in Palestine or in the Zionist state of Israel. The US exports torture tactics and policing strategies all across the world, and specifically within the state of Israel. And they share surveillance technology, police training and military training. So the fact that a lot of the strategies are shared across the border also means that the struggles within the prisons are very similar.
And just like the system here is racialized, it too is racialized in Palestine. So we find there are direct connections between the interests of the US in the prison industry here, and the interests of the US within the state of Israel, and its expansion of empire and its corporate interests.
So prisoners in Palestine have been struggling for decades with administrative detention, which is very similar to solitary confinement, and 40 percent of the Palestinian male population have been in prison. So given these numbers, there’s obviously a clear connection to the people of color here in the US and the way in which men of color in particular are used as pawns within this industry, and often targeted for the prison industrial complex.
So we’ve been trying really hard to make these connections within our broader bases. But within the prisons themselves, Palestinian prisoners have been making those connections and have been reading up on struggles, from the days of Bobby Sands and after, they’ve been very well-read. The prisons are in essence schools, just like they are here. Where movements are actually created and built within the prisons.
Right after the hunger strikes started here in Pelican Bay, statements started to come out from prisons in Palestine, expressing their solidarity with the struggles here. Because they saw that their struggle was intrinsically linked to the struggle of prisoners here against the US imperialist country that is essentially the root cause of what Palestinians are going through.
EI: Azadeh, how important is it to build solidarity networks around the systems of mass incarceration in the US, especially when the establishment media is not covering these hunger strikes either in California or Palestine, or general prison conditions at all?
AZ: It’s very important, and I think that the people who are in prison and are on a hunger strike in California also see these connections.
I was just at New Folsom Prison last Thursday, where a busload of 50 prisoners was just transferred from Pelican Bay. And during my visits, the people who were on hunger strike in the prison were asking me to look up information on how Israel deals with hunger strikers, and how they have dealt with hunger strikers, because there was a strong feeling that the US and the California state and federal governments were collaborating with Israel in terms of information sharing, just as Lara said, about how to politically repress these peaceful protest actions, and how to delegitimize them, and how to squash it inside prisons.
So today I was reading about Palestinian prisoners being transferred in an attempt to break their hunger strikes, and that’s the exact same thing we’re seeing in California. And there’s a very real consciousness amongst the prisoners in California that this is a global struggle against these same issues, and that what’s happening in California is linked to what’s happening in Palestine, and is linked to what happened in Ireland and what happened in those prisons there.
So there’s a very real connection both in terms of the outside collaborative work that we’re trying to do to build solidarity, and what the prisoners themselves are seeing — their moment in history and their struggle for human rights.
EI: Lara, how can people get in touch with the Arab Resource and Organizing Center and what kinds of direct actions are you planning in support of the California prison hunger strikes?
LK: Well, one thing we’re constantly doing is just internal education and sharing stories and experiences. So we’ve created a Pelican Bay to Palestine network, which Azadeh is a part of, as well as other prison organizers in the Bay Area, to talk about the different struggles and what’s happening, different efforts to challenge these systems of oppression.
So one thing is internal education, and the other is developing some sort of action plan as far as being participants in the various actions that the coalition is already in the works of building on. So we’ve already been participating in various efforts, as well as the Cocoran State Prison caravan, and the direct actions that have been happening locally.
People can get in touch with the Arab Resource and Organizing Center through our website,, that’s probably the best way, and we’ll be updating about various ways for us to stay in the loop about different struggles, prison struggles as well as other solidarity struggles across the US.
EI: And Azadeh, where can people go for more information on the Prisoner Hunger Strike Solidarity Coalition?
AZ: We are at, we also have a Facebook presence, and @CAHungerStrike on Twitter. On our website, you can find all the information about upcoming actions, statements from the prisoners themselves and all the news and action alerts and upcoming events happening across the country.
Nora Barrows-Friedman
Nora Barrows-Friedman's picture
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Here’s the scenario: you’ve run a killer recruitment marketing campaign for your latest vacancies, a whole load of applications have come in, you’ve run a tight screening and selection process and now you’re interviewing your chosen candidates for the job(s). All is well and good right?
But what about the candidates who didn’t make the cut for this particular vacancy? The ones who show a lot of promise and could be a great fit for your organisation but just not that specific role. On one side, you could simply wave it off as a shame and hope they apply again in the future. On the other,you can tap into this hidden and highly valuable resource for future vacancies.
Let’s look at a few ways to keep in touch with your talent pool to keep them engaged with your organisation and potential upcoming roles.
1. Turn the rejection email into an encouraging phone call
Young professional smiling while on the phone to a candidate
Many organisations are guilty of never getting back to their candidates at all. Those who do, often send impersonal emails that seem to have been copied from a template. You can make a real difference in the morale of your candidates (and help them to keep you in mind for future roles) if you make the effort to speak to them on the phone. While this may be more time consuming than sending out a standardised email, there are candidates out there who will be worth the effort. For example, those who only just missed out on the job and have great potential in other parts of the business or for other roles.
Taking the time to call them, letting them know what you liked about their application, attitude, and skills, as well as why you’ll keep them in mind for future roles makes it much more likely that they will do the same. Keeping strong candidates in your talent pool can be a fantastic time and resource saver, as well as a great way to ensure you keep employing top notch talent.You can also let them know about any further training or qualifications that may help them secure a role with you in the future.
2. Be proactive not reactive
Young male writing an email to candidate in talent bank
Candidate experience plays a huge role in both how likely someone is to accept a job with you and their ongoing trust and productivity should they be hired. Morale begins with the candidate experience, and keeping your candidates informed (whatever stage of the funnel they are in) is a huge part of that. Instead of waiting for candidates to contact you, reach out to them with a simple email asking where they’re at in the job search or if they’d be interested in a role in a slightly different area of your organisation.
3. Create email drip campaigns
Graphic for an email drip campaign to stay in touch with talent bank
There is a big difference here between continuous engaging contact and bombarding your talent pool with emails. Email drip campaigns are highly successful in sales and marketing and ultimately it works the same way for recruitment. You can use your ATS to automate email campaigns containing information about things such as company updates and new vacancies, depending on the vacancy applied for, how long ago they applied for it, and whether they interviewed or not, among other criteria that you can set at the candidate or vacancy level. Based on candidate’s activity within the application process and from prior emails, these email campaigns can be automated, allowing you to keep your candidates engaged without draining resources or needing personal follow ups.
4. Make use of SMS
Candidate receiving talent bank text notification on smartphone
Texting and WhatsApp are being used increasingly in a wide range of industries. From confirming flight booking information to retail brands informing you of their latest sales and offers, these campaigns make great use of the world within our pockets. SMS campaigns are a great way to alert candidates to new opportunities and have a much higher open rate than emails across all industries, sometimes by up to 70%. Want a hand getting started? Take a look at our recruitment SMS templates.
5. Allow them to sign up for notifications
Notification symbols
Notifications are everywhere. A natural part of our day to day lives, notifications on our phones, inboxes, browsers, and applications are highly effective methods of communication and engagement. Your ATS may be able to create desktop or browser notifications for updates about your candidates’ application and vacancies in their areas of interest. These can be a great way to keep your talent pool engaged and frequenting your ATS or company careers page.
Your talent pool can be an inexhaustible source of candidates for future roles within your organisation. Especially in large organisations participating in high-volume hiring campaigns,talent pools can be vast, reduce your future hiring costs, and contain a wide range of fantastic candidates. Someone else may have won out for your vacancy this time, but keeping your strongest potential candidates engaged with your organisation can make all the difference to your ongoing hiring and recruitment efforts.
Want to know more about how an ATS can help you make the most of your talent pool? Explore everything Kallidus Recruit has to offer through the link below.
Discover Kallidus Recruit
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Age characteristics of incidences of prevalent cancers in the Aral Sea area of Kazakhstan.
The aim of the research was to examine age-specific features of incidence of cancer of the esophagus, lung, stomach, breast, cervix and thyroid gland in the Aral Sea area in Kazakhstan. A retrospective study of 11 years (1999-2009) was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods with calculated age incidence rates. The average age of patients with esophageal cancer and lung cancer had a tendency for increase with "aging", while in other cases "juvenation" was noted. The peak incidence of malignant tumors in general, and in the studied forms of cancer was found at 70 years of age or older, except for breast cancer and cervical cancer, where the peak incidence was found at 60-69 years. Trends in age-varied incidence rates had different tendencies in particular organ sites. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '20c8828405930dda1fc1de0fe1c4b6ad0684683b694d6bec3461a57fa5411532'} |
Mutational analysis of p53 and RB2/p130 genes in Malaysian nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples: a preliminary report.
This study reports the results of mutation detection of tumour suppressor genes, p53 and RB2/p130 genes in Malaysian nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) studied by PCR-CSGE analysis and direct DNA sequencing method. Frequent sites of mutation in both genes (exons 5-8 of p53 and exons 19-21 of RB2/p130) were examined. Thirty-six NPC blood samples and three NPC cell lines were investigated for the presence of mutations. No mutation of p53 and RB2/p130 genes was identified in any of the blood samples. Nonetheless, there was an identical G-->4 C nucleotide change at codon 280 of p53 gene in all the cell lines. A larger study that includes biopsy tissues should be carried out to provide a more in-depth look into the pathogenesis of NPC in Malaysia. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '6cebff8df3d556039beef815bcd335b40dc6e1150acb0f27eadbc6f82158d6e1'} |
Article review & opinion: Diplomacy that Works: ‘Best Practices’ in Cultural Diplomacy Essay
The article Diplomacy that works: ‘Best practices’ in cultural diplomacy (Schneider, 2003) talks about the role that the arts can play in cultivating diplomatic ties and fostering long-term friendships between the United States and other nations. It speaks of utilizing aspects of culture in encouraging international relations to prosper (p.1). The author refers to the use and sharing of arts and culture in diplomatic activities as cultural diplomacy (p.1). Other than this purpose, however, Schneider relates that not only will friendships among nations be developed, nurtured and strengthened, but the “intangibles that make America great” are also communicated for the rest of the world to emulate (p.
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Schneider reveals and stresses a tool that will dispel people’s assumptions about the U.S being insensitive to other cultures. The tool she speaks of is cultural diplomacy, which she believes is the best means or mechanism in reaching out to countries and letting them know that the US is an ally in efforts and values such as “freedom, justice and opportunity for all” (p.
The author recounts further that the performing arts: musicians, singers, dancers, actors and actresses both in film and theater, including writers, have been the most influential and effective channels thus far in introducing and communicating concepts of equality, and in showcasing democratic values (p.2). This is because through their craft and their presence in the host countries, struggles or conflicts between nations are addressed in a subtle way and the message in the media they use are cleverly communicated without restraint. Their performances often are appreciated. What is more, aside from the performance, seeds of various concepts about democracy values are planted and are later sown. Therefore, not only does the article speak of cultivating international relations through cultural diplomacy, or proudly featuring the qualities that defines and makes the US, but also purposefully identifies employment of cultural diplomacy as a vehicle to advance all the important concepts of democracy and its values for the rest of the world to probably understand and follow.
Tips, characteristics or elements for successful cultural diplomacy initiatives are also offered. The author shares that “one or several” of these seven “elements of ‘best practices’ in cultural diplomacy” must be included in cultural diplomacy projects or programs for mutual understandings between or among countries to flourish effectively (p.3). These seven elements that must be included in cultural diplomacy programs are the following: 1) communicates some aspects of America’s values; 2) caters to the interest of the host country or region; 3) offers pleasure, information or expertise; 4) open doors between countries; 5) provides another dimension or alternative to the official presence of America in the country; 6) forms a part of a long-term relationship and cultivation of ties; and 7) is creative, flexible, and opportunistic (p.3).
It is noted that two of the most important elements that must be included in such programs is that it should reflect or illuminate some aspects of US best values, and that it is suited for its audience (p.4). These elements have been provided to serve as guide for persons planning a program or programs that would adopt and utilize methods of cultural diplomacy.
Schneider considers the fact that a program must first “be suited to its audience” for it to become appreciated by the host country and therefore be successful in relaying messages that the US advocates (p.4). She notes that not everything that works in one host country will work for another. Therefore, it is imperative that the environment must first be understood for a cultural diplomacy program to work. The article moves on to discuss the rest of the seven elements identified as “elements of ‘best practices’ in cultural diplomacy”. Overall, the article is good in its attempt to promote the arts and the performing artists as effective vehicles and ambassadors of the US to the rest of the world. More information or a call to the artists could have been added to have them make their future work more meaningful and valuable.
Schneider, Cynthia P. (2003). Diplomacy that Works: ‘Best Practices’ in Cultural Diplomacy. Cultural Diplomacy Research Series. Center for Arts and Culture.
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For Only $13.90/page | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '32', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9474223256111144}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42094', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:GI2APJHHOVKLQNUMNH4KAO6SI47PQLHF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d4ca6928-6e2e-4dd6-a47f-3fb23c1033ea>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 9, 3, 12, 6), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.31.70.57', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:7KEQMN2KGHON3ZYV7ZCJTKSO57AXA3TO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:49b0bdde-81ea-449b-96b5-d340e6b62188>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://graduateway.com/article-review-opinion-diplomacy-that-works-best-practices-in-cultural-diplomacy/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f0850953-a8e0-474a-ae71-55eb682a0689>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '778', 'url': 'https://graduateway.com/article-review-opinion-diplomacy-that-works-best-practices-in-cultural-diplomacy/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-9.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0630144476890564', 'original_id': '7ec0e60afc7274d425cfbd381a602a632d1090ebd908b57d63864fd034bd0e13'} |
[Therapeutic effectiveness of CCLG-97 protocol on standard-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia].
With the improvement of the diagnosis and treatment, the complete remission (CR) rate and the survival rate of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia have been increased in the recent 10 years. The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of 119 standard-risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (SR-ALL) patients, and explore how to improve the survival rate in ALL. A total of 119 patients aged 14 months to 15 years were diagnosed as SR-ALL according to the Suggestion of Diagnosis And Treatment for Childhood Acute Leukemia-1993. Among them, seventy-nine were boys and 40 were girls. All of the patients were treated with the CCLG-97 protocol and were followed up for a period of 20 approximately 78 months. The complete remission rate reached 97.4% in four-week induction. Twenty-one patients were out of follow-up, comprising 63%, 14%, 10%, 8% and 5% of all subjects in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The overall survival rates were 93.3%, 90.2%, 88.0%, 85.0%, 85.0% and 85.0% in 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years and 5 years, respectively. Relapses occurred in 13 patients (13.8%). Among 9 isolated hematologic relapses, 5 patients (56%) were given irregular therapy, 2 did not reach CR within 4 weeks and relapsed 2 years later, 2 accepted regular therapy, 1 was of hypodiploidy and 1 T-ALL. Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse occurred in 4 patients (4.3%). Fifteen patients (12.6%) died, 5 of whom (4.2%) died of complications. Reinforcing administration and regular therapy are important to improve the long-term survival rate in childhood ALL. The clinical classification should be adjusted with the improvement of diagnostic methods. CCLG-97 protocol decreased the rate of the relapses in SR-ALL and didn't increase the rate of therapy-related death. High-dose methotrexate should be used in therapy and its dosage, usage and individualized therapeutic regimen should be further studied. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '677f7830776925bfec2f07f872be660c102db387d99b159fdc3b3b46e40a6447'} |
Need advice on PERSONAL use (1 person) of Trello - setup?
I am going to be using Trello to organize my personal life. I am wondering if I should do everything all on one board, and just have many lists - one for each "topic" like one for a website I need to clean up, one for the organization & cleanup of the domains I own, one for selecting a new church to go to, etc. Or should I use multiple boards. It just seems like for one person & no team collaboration multiple boards may be going overboard? A question about my lists, though: Is there a way that I can put one list under another, rather than having them all in a horizontal row with a horizontal scrollbar? Lots of my lists might only have a couple of cards under them, so several would fit vertically under each other. But is there a way to do that? Any advice to a newbie from others who use Trello just for personal use would be greatly appreciated! TIA!!
-Alan Salls
2 answers
1 accepted
1 vote
Accepted answer
Hi Alan,
If you find that you need a lot of cards for a single topic, then it might be helpful to have a separate board for that. However, if you only need two or three cards for something, you could have it as a list on a board, or have a board with "To Do", "Doing", and "Done" as the lists, and use labels to organize the themes. Many people use multiple boards for Trello even when just organizing their own personal lives, so if it's helpful for you, I don't think it's going overboard. :)
As for putting one list under another, currently, Trello doesn't support that—however, we're aware of a Chrome extension that allows you to stack or grid lists. While we're not able to endorse any third-party apps (since we don't work with them directly), you can check them out at List Layouts for Trello.
Hope that helps!
Alan, I've been around and around on this myself.
What I found works is to take advantage of all the "levels" in Trello:
Organization, Board, List, Card
1. Organization = perhaps who you are serving or work, church, home, etc.
2. Board = Goal
3. Lists : Status of each Task working toward Goal. So then the typical "To do, Doing, Done lists works nicely).
4. Card : Task
That way, you can decide "OK, I'm working on Goal XYZ (maybe finishing Website for someone)" and pull up that board and see where you are.
It makes sense, Clay, thanks for your input. I appreciate it!
-Alan Salls
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Groups near you | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '32', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9417300820350648}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '138692', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:USQMHNTUU5GORJV7W3WER2LES5SBU3BW', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:abb2c4c5-2731-45af-88b4-015730d33103>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 19, 23, 40), 'WARC-IP-Address': '208.74.205.134', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NGNM76RUU6Y6XU7QPJM3LOM5JSWT7YTG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:af88d7d5-a666-4ea7-bca9-2114db0d0214>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Trello-questions/Need-advice-on-PERSONAL-use-1-person-of-Trello-setup/qaq-p/675133', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:47214bc2-fb6c-4732-abcd-0ec77f0b3137>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '552', 'url': 'https://community.atlassian.com/t5/Trello-questions/Need-advice-on-PERSONAL-use-1-person-of-Trello-setup/qaq-p/675133', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-146-95-138.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.22584658861160278', 'original_id': 'a764a135da007f970a7ebafc72c83dc9e8dfd5ffb9e4432fdc8e32e3c1853f62'} |
2-channel video installation, 12’, 4K to HD, Arabic, English
Mleeta was filmed and staged on location at the Museum of Resistance in Lebanon. During the Israeli invasion of southern Lebanon (1982-2000), Mleeta Mountain stood right in the middle of the occupied zone. Thirty-five kilometers from Israel to the south and forty kilometers from Syria to the east, the mountain served as a haven for Hezbollah fighters, making it the site of real battles as well.
The summit of Mleeta is now home to the Museum of Resistance, a propagandistic re-enactment that reproduces scenic and military scenarios. Set up in the style of a theme park, visitors assume the role of both observer and performer. An auditorium screens lavishly-produced films that dramatically tell the history of the past battles, while guns and other weapons are integrated into the museum’s architecture.
The installation Mleeta explores this theme park’s script with its perspectives, stagings, and narratives, with a focus on the creation of affective perception. The artist intervenes through staged gestures, artificial audio recordings and camera framings into the staged setting.
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Lisa accepts a money loan for Nelson's fledgling business, only for it to become so good that it convinces Nelson to drop out from school. Meanwhile, Homer and Marge get addicted to buying and returning items for bogus reasons to get store credit.
!! Tropes:
* ComicallyMissingThePoint: Chief Wiggum doesn't understand the point of undercover operations.
* EpicFail: When Lisa takes Nelson to an expo to try and show him examples of men who became successful thanks to higher learning. However the first three people she meets are Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates and Richard Branson, who dropped out of college and become some of the richest men in the world. Meanwhile the only one to graduate from an Ivy league school in the the janitor. Lisa's panicked expression says it all.
** Nelson doesnt realise he has to use waterproof glue on his customs before its too late.
* ShoutOut: Nelson named his business [[HotWheels "Snot Wheels"]]. If the name alone isn't enough, see his sign's decoration.
* StrangeMindsThinkAlike: When Principal Skinner learned how much Nelson was paying, he ripped his sleeves in order to increase his chances of entering Nelson's payroll. Then a sleeveless Superintendent Chalmers showed up and realized also learned about the wage. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9693449139595032}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '1663', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:W4LFJ4Q5AQHZOGP7QWBBC3RBFGW2SNXA', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:abe1f613-ca34-4642-b54f-e425f630af35>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 21, 51, 53), 'WARC-IP-Address': '209.15.34.67', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:SUUBK6BYCUFEOILHVC3XRVFJ3N3GSJCO', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:26f7f42b-6634-466a-a3e0-082c0b7053a4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/folderizer.php?target=Recap.TheSimpsonsS22E2LoanALisa', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:f7630235-ac84-4f08-a92d-7e65adf1b4a3>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '198', 'url': 'http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/folderizer.php?target=Recap.TheSimpsonsS22E2LoanALisa', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.45528244972229004', 'original_id': 'd08449e114c9c1eb200d4de5bdb665585922530ad223290d30ba4a8056fa5fe8'} |
PS2 Game Reviews: Onimusha: Warlords Review
Onimusha: Warlords Review
More Game Info (Print This Article)
Replay Value:
Overall Rating: 9.0
Online Gameplay:
Not Rated
By now we should all be aware of a little game called Onimusha: Warlords, and its history. When Capcom first went to work on Onimusha, they were planning on releasing it for the Nintendo 64, but then realized that the console wouldn't be able to live out 1/4 of Capcom's expectations for the game. So they cancelled it within a matter of weeks and began developing the Playstation version, at the beginning of 1999. They would reach the 45% development mark, when the Playstation 2 was officially announced and units were sent to developers. So once again, Capcom decided to halt Onimusha, and take what they already did on the PSOne version, give it a major overhaul in visual performance and continue from where they left off. Ever since 2000, Onimusha has been one of the PS2's most anticipated games, alongside SSX, The Bouncer and Madden NFL 2001. At The SIGGRAPH event last year, Onimusha took home the "Best of Show" award for its outstanding visual achievement, and blend of samurai/horror action. A few nay-sayers went out and criticized the game as being a Resident Evil game with Japanese armory and weaponry, such as swords, spears, and bows [accompanied by arrows]. Surely this was no covered up re-hash of a previous Capcom title with swords, but instead a game that will start a brand new franchise for Capcom. Then prove that history can repeat itself, in the gaming world at least. Onimusha would make waves all across Japan, when it was launched there in January 2001. In a matter of 30 days, Capcom shipped nearly 900,000 copies, the sell through percentile was approximately 80%, with over 710,000 copies sold, and the number is still increasing as we speak. A mere three weeks pass by and Capcom gives us the full scoop on the game's final release date for the US, it would turn out to be March 15th. Thankfully I didn't have to wait much, since Capcom was kind enough to give me Onimusha ten days before it was released, so here I am providing you a review and a hoard of screenshots, of this hugely anticipated title.
Just a little while ago, PS2 owners were treated to what may very well be one of the most gorgeous videogames of all time. But glaring at Square's The Bouncer right in the eyes is Capcom's samurai survival-horror game, Onimusha: Warlords. For those who have read my The Bouncer review or even took a glimpse at it, noticed that I gave the game a near perfect score of 9.7 for the visuals. And you who are reading this review notice a 9.7 sticker tagged next to the graphics category as well, why so you ask? Let me do the explaining. It's the little differences that make Square's game the better looker than Capcom's game in the environments field. We have the controversial pre-rendered backgrounds. Onimusha's got them and frankly they look amazing, but folks we live in the 128-Bit era, pre-renders are a thing of the past, they belong on a console like the PSOne. I don't dislike pre-rendered environments, they just shouldn't be used on a console as powerful as the Playstation 2. On the other hand, Square, who is also known for implementing tons of pre-renders, introduced us to fully real-time backgrounds. For the most part The Bouncer's atmosphere looks sovereign over Onimusha's, but that is not say that Onimusha's backgrounds look bad. Like I said before, the backgrounds look fantastic, and show a ton of detail such as blood, dead bodies, spears, bows, arrows and many other objects, it's just that I think we need to go with a more life-like look in today's games.
Winning the 2000 SIGGRAPH "Best of show" pretty much sums Onimusha's graphics doesn't it? Warlords sports a mind-boggling 10,000 polygons per character! That of course is the highest polygon count in any videogame to date, hell The Bouncer has roughly 7,000 polygons per character, that's still a far cry from 10,000. Even though the characters in Square's beat-em-up look stunning and move almost as if they were motion captured, the overall character detail is noticeably better in Onimusha. For one reason, in Onimusha the characters are far larger in size than The Bouncer's characters, hence why they feature more polygons. The character detail is absolutely marvelous, Samanosuke, the game's main character, is overflowing with visual flare. For starters if you find his Holy Armor in the game, his appearance will change and his torso will be covered with gold, it looks really sweet. His body detail is phenomenal as well, he's sculpted almost flawlessly. His face, being the most realistic looking feature of his whole body, looks exactly like the Japanese heart-throb he was modeled after, Takeshi Kaneshiro.
Aside from all of the polygonal talk, Onimusha also features some of the most beautiful CG animations I've seen in a long time. While the quality and sheer appeal is as gorgeous as The Bouncer's, Onimusha's wonderful looking scenery just makes these CG cut-scenes even more enjoyable to watch. Onimusha also features some luscious special effects such as thunder and fire, which can be created by the swing of your sword. I would have an incredibly hard time figuring out which game looks better, on one hand we have The Bouncer and its amazingly great looking backgrounds, on the other we have Onimusha and its amazing looking characters. If you ask me, both cancel each other out, and what we have is a good ol' fashion tie. As far as I'm concerned, Onimusha: Warlords and The Bouncer are the two best looking games out there, period!
To say that Onimusha is a Resident Evil with swords isn't saying enough, in fact, it isn't saying 'anything'! When Capcom decided to first release Dino Crisis, people enjoyed the game and thought that it was a nice move by Capcom, but the game didn't really sidestep away from the whole Resident Evil fiasco. It played like Resident Evil with dinosaurs, the second one although took that detour to another dimension. Dino Crisis 2 wasn't the same dated RE material we have become so used to, instead it was a fast paced action game, that rewarded you with points for pulling out multiple kill combos. The Resident Evil scent was still present, after all, the camera and the signature Resident Evil control was still at hand to the gamer, right? Even if that was the case, DC2 was still a game on its own, and a good one at that. Onimusha is much like DC2, it plays nothing like the game, but Capcom took similar steps with Onimusha as they did with Dino Crisis 2. Instead of using the same old re-hashed Resident Evil formula, it seems as if Capcom had been playing Eidos' gothic and grim title Legacy of Kain: Soul Reaver.
As scary as it is, Onimusha is a mix between Soul Reaver, Zelda, Bushido Blade and a little hint of Resident Evil (control and camera styles). You see, Onimusha: Warlords takes place in Feudal Japan, 1560, and I'm sure you can already imagine the scenery. But you may be surprised and your thoughts may just get the best of you. Even though Onimusha takes place during the 1500's, the enemies that you encounter may look more sci-fi than fiction. For instance there is a ninja demon, with three neon bulbs as his eyes across his head, now who would believe that light existed in the 1500's? I'm not really discounting points for that, I'm just trying to point out that the game's enemies aren't what you'd think they are -other Samurai warriors with swords-, and that just makes this game even better.
When you start a new game, you will be treated to what is without a doubt the best videogame intro since Xenogears. It shows a battle scene with tons of action, violence and gore. And its ending is the most surprising of any game out there as well, the intro CG of Onimusha is just a crumb of what the game has to offer. Onimusha got a pretty good story, one that we've seen before, just not as gruesome. The princess has been kidnapped, and like any other game when it comes down to a situation like this, you Samanosuke Akechi (the "U" is silent in the first name), must go out and rescue her. Princess Yuki is not only part of Japan's royalty, she is also Samanosuke's cousin, making him a member of the Japanese Royal Family as well. Accompanying him [Samanosuke] will be Kaede, a female ninja who was first hired to kill Samanosuke, but in the end learned to trust him and became his sidekick. Even though Samanosuke is the game's main protagonist, Kaede will also come into play at times, when it is necessary for her to do so. Samanosuke is a swordsman, and throughout the game you will be granted three different weapon orbs (lighting, fire, and wind), each with their special effects such as opening doors and giving the corresponding weapon an extra power. Kaede doesn't have orbs, but instead uses knives such as a flaming knife and shorter dagger like knives called 'Kunai', used for throwing.
Onimusha's Soul Reaver effect comes into play throughout the whole game. In the beginning of the game, Samanosuke is granted an arm gauntlet that sucks souls after an enemy has been killed (everybody reading this says to themselves: "he wasn't kidding when he mentioned this game being like Soul Reaver"). These souls will give Samanosuke either life up, magic up, or special magic points that he can use to upgrade a selected weapon or orb. Upgrading orbs is very important if you want to be able to continue in the game, the higher the level is on an orb, the bigger doors it will open. As for upgrading swords, it isn't really necessary, but suggested for future and tougher battles to go smoother. What's great about Onimusha's action is that it doesn't require you to hold down a button and then press another button for your character to use his weapon, like it is in Resident Evil titles. Instead, you can hit the R1 button for a stance, but just pressing Square alone will make the characters pull off an attack. If you connect your sword with flesh, then keep tapping the button for a combo attack. If you want to try something new, use the attack button and press a directional button as well. An orb affects your weapon by allowing you to unleash its power by hitting the Triangle button, doing so the selected weapon will let loose a charge of what its corresponding orb possesses (lighting, wind or fire). But still Onimusha does have that Resident Evil taste, it still has those changing camera views, which still work great by the way, and that everlasting control scheme where the digital is the only accepted form of movement. Onimusha's only real problem is one that has hit every single survival-horror game that Capcom has produced, that's right, the game's a bit on the short side. 5-6 hours is all you need to beat the game, but chances are that you'll want to play through this title again.
A lot like The Bouncer, this game also has voice acting to unfold the story through the real-time scenes, and even though the facial movements to accompany the voice acting, is far off, the quality of the acting in general is pretty good. The voices are very legible, easy to understand and the ability to switch between Japanese and English voice overs and text is a great addition. But there is something that bugs me about the voice acting, there's hesitation between reactions, during a cut-scene with two or more people talking, it happens in certain areas, but not all. As Capcom has done in the past, the background sounds are incredibly spooky and eerie, this makes the atmosphere feel just right, thanks to the tension that some of the tunes can build up.
Resident Evil junkies will love the fact that Onimusha controls like a Resident Evil game. The 'up' button is to move your character, left and right will make him/her turn when the character is moving and tapping 'down' will make your character leap back a few feet. When using Kaede and facing an opponent, hold R1 and press up or down, she will be able to leap in the air and jump over him, or she can flip backward to gain some space. The control quickly grows on you and you'd be surprised how effective it is, thanks to a button that allows you to guard attacks, using herbs for healing won't be as frequent as it is in RE games. What bites is that you can't use the analog stick for moving your character around, and that is something I prefer to have in all action/adventure games.
In the end, you probably don't care what I would've said to you regarding a purchase of Onimusha. Chances are that this game will break the 1 million sales barrier here in the states, and eventually in Japan, and you know what? It definitely should. I urge gamers out there to pick up Onimusha as soon as it arrives in stores, I strongly advise you to pre-order the game NOW! If the Japanese version is any indication of how the US copy will do, then we should prepare ourselves for one strong selling title. I should also mention the amount of money that Capcom will pour into Onimusha's marketing campaign which will include, TV commercials, print ads, online ads, and even radio marketing. With Onimusha's breathtaking visuals and impressive gameplay, I assure gamers of all kind will enjoy this classic title, especially Resident Evil fans! And so the wait for Onimusha ends and the wait for Devil May Cry begins... now!
3/12/2001 Arnold Katayev
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Blue Goose Blog
Flank Steak - An economical beef cut worth a try
Friday, April 19, 2013
Excerpts of this blog were taken from an article written by Chef Dez in the Crescent Bar Chronicle
Flank steak is a delicious cut of beef for the barbecue because it has great flavor, and is extremely tender when cut and prepared properly. Due to the fact that there are many people that don't know much about this specific cut, it tends to be a very underrated steak in comparison to more popular cuts such as strip loin, sirloin, ribeye, etc. There is also a lot of misinformation in the media about flank steak and I hope to clear up some of this confusion for you.
Beef flank steak is a long, flat cut of meat from the abdominal muscles of the cow. It is also randomly referred to as a "skirt steak." It is significantly tougher than other cuts of meat as it comes from a strong, well-exercised part of the cow. The direction of the grain of the meat and connective tissue is prominently visible, especially in the raw form. Moist heat cooking techniques, such as braising, will be successful in making the meat tender, but it can also simply be grilled to a rare/medium-rare/medium doneness and sliced thinly across the grain, and still be very tender.
Many chefs insist that one must marinate a flank steak before grilling in order for it to be tender. This is not true. Although marinating is fine to do with a flank steak, it is an optional step, not a requirement. The acid in a marinade will break down the connective tissue over time, but I have barbecued many flank steaks that have been "melt-in-your-mouth" tender with no marinating whatsoever. The secret is to make sure you don't over-cook the steak, and then slice it thinly in the opposite direction of how the grain of the meat is running (across the grain).
For optimal flavor, first coat it with a spice rub, grill it to the desired doneness, let it rest for a few minutes. Slice it very thinly across the grain, and then drizzle it with garlic butter. When slicing it thinly, I also make sure I slice it on an angle, approximately 45 degrees. Flank steak is a very thin cut of meat and slicing it on a 45 degree angle will make more elongated slices and provide better plate or sandwich coverage. Letting it rest after cooking will help the steak to retain more of its juices. All meat, from a small steak to large roasts or turkeys, should have a resting time for this reason. The bigger the size of the meat, the longer it should rest. I let a flank steak rest for at least five minutes.
Do not be tempted to score the surface of the steak with a knife before grilling. Although at first it may seem to make sense to put cuts into the surface of the meat to aid in the penetration of the marinade into the inside of the steak, this goes against one of the golden rules of grilling meats: Never pierce your meat. The goal of cooking meat is to have the end result as juicy and flavorful as possible. If you pierce your meat (by jabbing a fork into it for flipping, or cutting into it), then valuable juices will be lost. Meat that has been scored prior to cooking will suffer the same damaging situation. Always use tongs to flip your steak, not a fork. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.964268684387207}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '17481', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4BCQVYEGKUU36SJMCVJBNSNVWJESEW5U', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:bf57be60-2da2-455a-bde5-57eb0dc33af5>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 20, 59, 11), 'WARC-IP-Address': '54.236.189.64', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:4IQTT3TP3C2R443AI5CGPT3PV54QI6LL', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bf1aec6d-a08c-41c6-955d-709491873ca0>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.bluegoosemarket.com/blue-goose-blog/flank-steak-an-economical-beef-cut-worth-a-try', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:91cc9568-2d6e-49e5-ab73-341713614d4b>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '592', 'url': 'http://www.bluegoosemarket.com/blue-goose-blog/flank-steak-an-economical-beef-cut-worth-a-try', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-179-113-199.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.0467337965965271', 'original_id': '2963e112113be75e9ea9784c52ce396c5245ee28852c7ac018308deff5aabb91'} |
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a water supply control apparatus and method for an ice maker, and more particularly to a water supply control apparatus and method for an ice maker, in which additional water supply, after initial water supply is completed, is performed based on the initially supplied amount of water, or an initial water supply time is reset.
2. Description of the Related Art
Generally, a refrigerator comprises a main body including a freezing chamber and a refrigerating chamber, and a compressor for compressing a refrigerant and a heat exchanger for generating cool air, which are installed at the rear portion of the main body. The cool air generated from the heat exchanger is supplied to the inside of the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber by means of a fan, and is circulated in the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber. Then, the heated air obtained by the circulation again passes through the heat exchanger, and the obtained cool air is again supplied to the inside of the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber. The above repetitive circulation of the cool air keeps foods stored in the freezing chamber or the refrigerating chamber fresh.
In an ice-making device installed in the freezing chamber of the above refrigerator, water is automatically supplied to an ice tray, and an ice-making state of the ice tray is checked. When it is determined that the ice-making is completed, the obtained ice cubes are automatically separated from the ice tray, and are then stored in an ice storage container. The ice-making device produces ice cubes without separate user' manipulation, thereby being popular among consumers now.
Now, a conventional water supply control apparatus for an ice maker will be described with reference to FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 1, the conventional water supply control apparatus comprises a water supply pipe 3 connected to a water supply source 1 for supplying water to an ice tray 6, a water supply valve 4 installed at a designated point in the water supply pipe 3 for adjusting the amount of water flowing in the water supply pipe 3, and a rotary hydraulic turbine 5 installed between the water supply valve 4 and an outlet of the water supply pipe 3 and rotated by water pressure. The conventional water supply control apparatus further comprises a purification filter 2 installed at another designated point in the water supply pipe 3 for purifying the water flowing the water supply pipe 3, and the ice tray 6 for receiving water supplied from the water supply pipe 3 and generating ice cubes.
Hereinafter, an operation of the above-described conventional water supply control apparatus will be described. First, when instructions to generate ice are inputted to the water supply control apparatus, a controller (not shown) opens the water supply valve 4. When the water supply valve 4 is opened, water is supplied to the water supply control apparatus through the water supply pipe 3 connected to the water supply source 1. Here, the water flowing along the water supply pipe 3 is purified by the purification filter 2, and is then supplied to the ice tray 6.
During the water supply, the controller determines whether or not a predetermined water supply time has elapsed, and closes the water supply valve 4 when it is determined that the predetermined water supply time has elapsed. Thereby, a process of supplying water to the ice tray 6 is completed.
The above-described conventional water supply control apparatus and method for an ice maker simply control the water to be supplied to the ice tray during the predetermined time, and do not consider variation in the water pressure or other factors, thus causing a difficulty of supplying an accurate amount of water to the ice try. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bade25e4c5b37a07946bec5377d1fdc4aa25484b9aee3cf6f0d09ec6be51eb96'} |
Smart Barcode Scanner Technology
With our Smart Scan technology you can define rules to auto-capture specific barcodes within the camera view. This can make the scanning process faster for your app users and reduce human error.
Please contact with your specific requirement.
Capture just the IMEI value from a camera view of five (5) barcodes including four (4) Code 128 barcodes and one (1) UPC-A code. Since the IMEI barcode is a Code 128 barcode we can’t simply make a rule to capture Code 128. If you wanted to capture just the UPC-A code, you could do that because it the only one in this view.
So the rule needs to be more restrictive. For example, the rule could be:
a) Code 128 with 15 numbers if the IMEI is always 15 numbers and the other Code 128 barcodes are not; or,
b) Code 128 starting with ’35’.
All the app-user needs to do is hover over the group of barcodes and Smart Scan will immediately capture just the IMEI – all without the app user having to manually select the barcode or try to isolate it from the others.
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1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to eliminating or reducing expression of a gene in a filamentous fungal strain.
2. Description of the Related Art
Filamentous fungal strains are widely used for the production of biological substances of commercial value. However, filamentous fungal strains with the desirable traits of increased expression and secretion of a biological substance may not necessarily have the most desirable characteristics for successful fermentation. The production of the biological substance may be accompanied by the production of other substances, e.g., enzymes, that degrade the biological substance or co-purify with the biological substance, which can complicate recovery and purification of the biological substance.
One solution to these problems is to inactivate the gene(s) involved in the production of the undesirable substance. Inactivation can be accomplished by deleting or disrupting the gene(s) using methods well known in the art. However, in some cases, inactivation of the gene may be difficult because of poor targeting to homologous regions of the gene. Inactivation can also be accomplished by random mutagenesis, but random mutagenesis is not always specific for the intended target gene and other mutations are often introduced into the host organism. In other situations, the gene and its product may be required for survival of the filamentous fungal strain. Where multiple genes are to be inactivated by deletion or disruption, the task can be very cumbersome and time-consuming. When highly homologous members of gene families exist, deletion or disruption of all members can be extremely tedious and difficult.
In recent years various forms of epigenetic gene regulation have been described (Selker, 1997, Trends Genet. 13: 296-301; Matzke and Matzke, 1998, Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 54: 94-103). These processes influence gene expression by modulating the levels of messenger RNA (Hammond and Baulcombe, 1996, Plant Mol. Biol. 32: 79-88; Xi-song Ke et al., 2003, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 7: 516-523) via micro RNAs (Morel et al., 2000, Curr. Biol. 10: 1591-4; Bailis and Forsburg, 2002, Genome Biol. 3, Reviews 1035; Grewal and Moazed, 2003, Science 301: 798-802).
Based on genetic studies of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, RNA interference (RNAi), also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (in plants), is understood to involve silencing the expression of a gene by assembly of a protein-RNA effector nuclease complex that targets homologous RNAs for degradation (Hannon, 2002, Nature 418: 244-251). The processing of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into small interfering RNAs is accomplished by a family of enzymes known as Dicer (Bernstein et al., 2001, Nature 409: 363). Dicer, a member of the RNase III family of endonucleases that specifically cleaves dsRNA, is responsible for digestion of dsRNA into siRNAs ranging from 20-25 nucleotides (Elbashir et al., 2001, Nature 411: 494). These siRNAs denature with the anti-sense strand and then associate with the RNA Induced Silencing Complex (RISC) (Elbashir et al., 2001, Genes and Dev. 15: 188; NyKanen et al., 2001, Cell 197: 300; Hammond et al., 2001, Science 293: 1146.). Although not well understood, RISC targets the mRNA from which the anti-sense fragment was derived followed by endo and exonuclease digestion of the mRNA effectively silencing expression of that gene. RNAi has been demonstrated in plants, nematodes, insects, and mammals (Matzke and Matzke, 1998, supra; Kennerdell et al., 2000, Nat. Biotechnol. 18: 896-8; Bosher et al., 1999, Genetics 153: 1245-56; Voorhoeve and Agami, 2003, Trends Biotechnol. 21: 2-4; and McCaffrey et al., 2003, Nat Biotechnol. 21: 639-44).
WO 98/53083 discloses constructs and methods for enhancing the inhibition of a target gene within a plant by inserting a silencing vector comprising an inverted repeat sequence of all or part of the target gene into the genome of a plant.
WO 01/49844 describes an inverted repeat gene construct encoding an inverted repeat gene, comprising a promoter element operably linked in a 5′ to 3′ direction to a first coding sequence and a second sequence in an antisense orientation for disrupting gene expression in targeted organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast, Dictostelium, Drosophila, mice, plants, insects, human cells, and nematodes.
WO 03/050288 discloses methods of silencing a target gene in a plant by providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a promoter operably linked to a chimeric nucleotide sequence encoding all or part of the target gene and a transgene, transforming the plant with the DNA construct such that the expression cassette is inserted into the genome, and initiating post-transcriptional gene silencing of the transgene in the plant, whereby initiation of post-transcriptional gene silencing of the transgene causes silencing of the target gene.
It would be an advantage in the art to have alternative methods for eliminating or reducing the expression of one or more genes for strain development and improvement, functional genomics, and pathway engineering of filamentous fungal strains.
It is an object of the present invention to provide alternative methods for eliminating or reducing the expression of one or more genes in a filamentous fungal strain. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9314db5b4d2f32ba335dc7773d45c64cd77b3132ac1408be6f39d66ef989d230'} |
\section{Addition on 1-Based Natural Numbers is Cancellable}
Tags: Natural Numbers: 1-Based
\begin{theorem}
Let $\N_{> 0}$ be the $1$-based natural numbers.
Let $+$ be addition on $\N_{>0}$.
Then:
:$\forall a, b, c \in \N_{>0}: a + c = b + c \implies a = b$
:$\forall a, b, c \in \N_{>0}: a + b = a + c \implies b = c$
That is, $+$ is cancellable on $\N_{>0}$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
By Ordering on $1$-Based Natural Numbers is Trichotomy, one and only one of the following holds:
:$a = b$
:$a < b$
:$b < a$
Suppose $a < b$.
Then by Ordering on $1$-Based Natural Numbers is Compatible with Addition:
:$a + c < b + c$
By Ordering on $1$-Based Natural Numbers is Trichotomy, this contradicts the fact that $a + c = b + c$.
Similarly, suppose $b > a$.
Then by Ordering on $1$-Based Natural Numbers is Compatible with Addition:
:$b + c < a + c$
By Ordering on $1$-Based Natural Numbers is Trichotomy, this also contradicts the fact that $a + c = b + c$.
The only other possibility is that $a = b$.
So
:$\forall a, b, c \in \N_{>0}: a + c = b + c \implies a = b$
and so $+$ is right cancellable on $\N_{>0}$.
From Natural Number Addition is Commutative and Right Cancellable Commutative Operation is Left Cancellable:
:$\forall a, b, c \in \N_{>0}: a + b = a + c \implies b = c$
So $+$ is both right cancellable and left cancellable on $\N_{>0}$.
Hence the result.
{{qed}}
\end{proof}
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Strategies of College Success: Time Management
By Lori Huertas
Graphic Credit to Insights Unboxed
When I was pursuing my undergraduate degree, I was working and attending the university full-time. In addition, I was volunteering in the community in various leadership roles. It became quite clear to me the importance of another strategy of college success, that of time management. One of my professors recommended that I read a helpful book by Stephen Covey that I was able to check out for free at the school library.
In Stephen R. Covey's book, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, it emphasizes timeless values of fairness, integrity, honesty, and human dignity (these are all part of Barry University’s mission). After reading this book, I felt empowered. The book highlights 7 behaviors that effective people incorporate daily :
1. Be Proactive
Effective people accomplish extraordinary results through resourcefulness by being proactive.
Graphic Credit to Login
2. Keep the End in Mind
Effective people use an outcome-oriented mindset in every activity they engage in. This can include school assignments or work meetings.
3. 1st things 1st
Effective people avoid energy and time-wasting inclinations by concentrating and accomplishing important goals with a weekly planning rhythm.
4. Think Win Win
Effective people are driven to achieve great results through a shared expectation and accountability process.
Graphic Credit to The Pitcher
5. Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
Effective people take the time to fully understand matters and provide honest feedback.
6. Synergize
Effective people use ground-breaking problem-solving skills by looking for improved possibilities.
Graphic Credit to Children and Youth Resources
7. Sharpen the Saw
Effective people appreciate the contribution of everyone by revealing the overall assets, passion, skills, and essence of each unique person. In carefully looking at each behavior, students can can increase their likelihood of success in college. Barry University students, both traditional (those that just graduated from high school) and non-traditional (Extended Learning Adult Learners), can benefit from learning about how improving their time management skills can impact them as they pursue their degree.
Incorporating the above strategies throughout your academic career at Barry University can allow you to leave a legacy through positive impact. Sharing these strategies with others is a way to put Barry University’s mission statement into action. Through a transformative university experience characterized by Learn, Reflect, and Serve, the Division of Mission and Student Engagement develops and implements programs and services that cultivate the characteristics of a Barry University graduate.”
Graphic Credit to Corporate Finance Institute
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1. Education
The History of Algebra
Article from the 1911 Encyclopedia
Various derivations of the word "algebra," which is of Arabian origin, have been given by different writers. The first mention of the word is to be found in the title of a work by Mahommed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi (Hovarezmi), who flourished about the beginning of the 9th century. The full title is ilm al-jebr wa'l-muqabala, which contains the ideas of restitution and comparison, or opposition and comparison, or resolution and equation, jebr being derived from the verb jabara, to reunite, and muqabala, from gabala, to make equal. (The root jabara is also met with in the word algebrista, which means a "bone-setter," and is still in common use in Spain.) The same derivation is given by Lucas Paciolus (Luca Pacioli), who reproduces the phrase in the transliterated form alghebra e almucabala, and ascribes the invention of the art to the Arabians.
Other writers have derived the word from the Arabic particle al (the definite article), and gerber, meaning "man." Since, however, Geber happened to be the name of a celebrated Moorish philosopher who flourished in about the 11th or 12th century, it has been supposed that he was the founder of algebra, which has since perpetuated his name. The evidence of Peter Ramus (1515-1572) on this point is interesting, but he gives no authority for his singular statements. In the preface to his Arithmeticae libri duo et totidem Algebrae (1560) he says: "The name Algebra is Syriac, signifying the art or doctrine of an excellent man. For Geber, in Syriac, is a name applied to men, and is sometimes a term of honour, as master or doctor among us. There was a certain learned mathematician who sent his algebra, written in the Syriac language, to Alexander the Great, and he named it almucabala, that is, the book of dark or mysterious things, which others would rather call the doctrine of algebra. To this day the same book is in great estimation among the learned in the oriental nations, and by the Indians, who cultivate this art, it is called aljabra and alboret; though the name of the author himself is not known." The uncertain authority of these statements, and the plausibility of the preceding explanation, have caused philologists to accept the derivation from al and jabara. Robert Recorde in his Whetstone of Witte (1557) uses the variant algeber, while John Dee (1527-1608) affirms that algiebar, and not algebra, is the correct form, and appeals to the authority of the Arabian Avicenna.
Continued on page two.
This document is part of an article on Algebra from the 1911 edition of an encyclopedia, which is out of copyright here in the U.S. The article is in the public domain, and you may copy, download, print and distribute this work as you see fit.
1. About.com
2. Education
3. Medieval History
4. Science & Medicine
5. Math and Astronomy
6. The History of Algebra
©2014 About.com. All rights reserved. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '624', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9564658999443054}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '45288', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:EBTHR6KVRVXRRCVAUZS5YTVRJPUVHSU5', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:8895457c-3b4e-4922-9253-0e755ffc6100>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 7, 24, 19, 19, 13), 'WARC-IP-Address': '207.241.148.80', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:KEEVWNFF3X76QATTGFJKZ7ZR3HTGEPN7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:44b080c9-4318-4f61-8dd3-c84b0a3ead37>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://historymedren.about.com/od/aentries/a/11_algebra.htm', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:07468fdb-363e-45f2-bada-4a110b81d88c>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '794', 'url': 'http://historymedren.about.com/od/aentries/a/11_algebra.htm', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-23\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for July 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.04859071969985962', 'original_id': 'c8f05ef1f436eb81547775b5ac37a0121222b05d84ce894ed5c525c64df81a32'} |
Xbox One causing UK gamers television woes
Brittany A. Roston - Nov 25, 2013
Xbox One causing UK gamers television woes
One of the Xbox One’s touted features is the ability to watch live TV while playing a game via connectivity to one’s cable provider and a small video box in the bottom of the gameplay screen. For gamers in the UK, this is proving to be a buggy feature, with users reporting that streaming television through the consoles results in “juddering” pictures, something caused by refresh rate differences between the US and UK.
Under the feature, a UK gamer could, for example, connect their Sky TV through their Xbox One and watch streaming TV broadcasts. The television signal refresh rate in the UK, however, sit at 50hz, which clashes with the Xbox One’s 60Hz refresh rate, the same as television in the United States. This doesn’t prevent one from watching UK television on the console, hence the reason gamers can do so, but does present its own problems.
When using a 50Hz signal on the 60Hz Xbox One, some frames end up skipped through FRC — frame rate conversion — and the result is a picture that is noticeably unwell, such as jittering and other visually unpleasant things. The problem was tested by the folks at HDTV Test, and later confirmed by retailer CVG.
The obvious solution, then, would be to make the Xbox One run in a 50Hz mode, but unfortunately Microsoft didn’t make any simple way to do this. Right now, users have identified a temporary solution that involves heading into the Display settings and having the Xbox auto-detect the HDMI connection. From there, the resolution has to be changed to 720p, and an answer of “no” has to be given on the confirmation page. When the Xbox goes back to 1080p, it will be in 50Hz instead of 60Hz.
SOURCE: Computer and Video Games
Must Read Bits & Bytes | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9420706629753112}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '36654', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:43QOSX2Y3YRYDAXE5F7ZNHRLBVTCRVGX', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a1cc9366-9d87-4bc8-8997-46f7c4bbcdea>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 27, 7, 19, 3), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.111.187.186', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:BYP3HOV7AR75GBMKJNYFSE4IHOVP6QPR', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6b8ce999-3bc7-422a-ac87-95a3a6ead223>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.slashgear.com/xbox-one-causing-uk-gamers-television-woes-25306816/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:82dc070c-a2a2-468e-beef-780f2deb8e21>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '318', 'url': 'https://www.slashgear.com/xbox-one-causing-uk-gamers-television-woes-25306816/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-17\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.03759658336639404', 'original_id': 'fa33a0614a8f62002df601e3b1aa32bc8711c4158c412554cf271fd22f994e28'} |
0 comments on “Lionfish wreak havoc on marine ecosystems”
Lionfish wreak havoc on marine ecosystems
By Roisin McDonough
Look at me. I’m the top predator now. | Image: Jens Petersen
The lionfish, beautiful in appearance and un-problematic in their native regions of the Indo-Pacific have wreaked havoc as an invasive species in the Atlantic; having become well established in the Southeast coast of the US, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
The Lionfish invasion was likely caused by humans releasing this popular ornamental fish from home aquariums when they were no longer wanted (over the course of 25 years). Their journey to the Atlantic was then possibly aided by the warm Gulf Stream current which dispersed buoyant lionfish eggs and larvae further afield.
Warm currents like the Gulf Stream could be letting lionfish blag a cheeky ride to where they aren’t welcome | Image: Sommerstoffel
At first, their arrival into new areas was not considered to be much of a problem, as it was thought that that they would not survive very long. However, over the years, the lionfish have not just survived, they have thrived. Their success has led to the unfortunate and worrying decline of many native fish species and an alteration in the very delicate reef ecosystem.
Lionfish out-compete, out-live and out-breed native fish. But why? For starters, they are highly tolerant to a range of temperatures, salinities and depths and biologically resistant to most diseases and parasites that affect native fish. Further, they have very few, if any, natural predators in the Atlantic. They become sexually mature at 1 year of age and can live in excess of 15, so have a long, rich reproductive life. In optimal conditions, females can release a staggering 2,000,000 eggs per year!
“Do you think that new guy looks dangerous?” “Who, the grumpy looking stripy one who’s at least 1000 times bigger than the rest of us?” “Yeah” “Nah, there’s something about his vast, leafy appendages I find sort of… comforting” | Image: Alexander Vasenin
Lionfish are un-selective carnivores with voracious feeding habits, encompassing a huge range of small fish and crustaceans. Included in their diets are popular commercial fish like grouper and snapper and commercially important crustaceans such as lobster, crab and squid. In their non-native environments they have easy pickings when it comes to food, as generally, native species do not recognise the lion fish as a threat. In fact, some small fish will assemble around these invasive creatures in the hope that their fin rays/feathery pectoral fins will provide them with shelter and protection.
So far, lionfish hunting seems to be the only feasible method of controlling their numbers. Certain areas which are regularly hunted see an increase in the number of native fish over time. However, the areas that can be reached by lionfish hunters is very small in relation to the vast marine environment lionfish now cover.
Invasive lionfish populations are an ever-growing problem – native marine life has suffered dramatic reductions as a result of their predation. Commercial fisheries, recreational activities and food security have also all been negatively affected as a consequence. We do not know the extent of the devastation to marine habitats in the near future, but it is likely to be bleak if their populations are not controlled. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '1', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9624463319778442}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '53079', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:YAV2AC6Z4TETJESKVSJWK3YQLE5LIRTF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:715c2c45-b630-484a-8a48-84fc6368fbf0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2019, 5, 24, 6, 51, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '192.0.78.25', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:UBY46G4Z3YRDBZIGIHOVWZEL3APJCQEY', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:5db025ab-b706-4e56-b104-06c73035cc18>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://rising-ape.com/tag/lionfish/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:39ebc19d-e9d6-4524-9f96-1124f7eb6f65>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '532', 'url': 'https://rising-ape.com/tag/lionfish/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2019-22\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for May 2019\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-47-182-244.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07202714681625366', 'original_id': '9c0ceb79289a0ab0265f446b184791346c18f0930a7866d39fb40d3253ce1801'} |
The Hierophant Tarot Card Meaning
The Hierophant
mercy, conformity, forgiveness, social approval, alliances, inspiration
vulnerability, unconventionality, foolish generosity, understanding, weakness
Visual Description of The Hierophant:
The Hierophant sits on a throne with two followers bowing before him. He is the male version of The High Priestess, a religious leader who is there, in his temple, to teach his followers his divine ways. His right hand is performing a religious blessing, pointing two fingers toward the sky and two to earth, showing that he understands how these are connected. In his other hand he holds a Palpal Cross, further signifying his religious aspect.
At his feet are two crossed keys. One unlocks the conscious, the other the subconscious. This connection and knowledge about the different consciousnesses of human existence is further illustrated by the three cloaks and the three-tiered crown The Hierophant wears. He rules over the subconscious, conscious and superconscious worlds that form the basis of human life.
Divinatory Meaning of The Hierophant:
Upright Meaning of The Hierophant Tarot Card:
The Hierophant heralds a time of religious or spiritual learning for the querent. It is most often indicative of a person that will guide or teach the querent, but in some cases the querent themselves may be the teacher.
‘The Hierophant is a Spiritual leader and you are about to feel the full effects of his mercy and guidance. You could find yourself exploring a new religion or Spiritual practice at this time, or you may be drawn to other conforming ideas and practices. Now is the time to become part of the crowd and follow the rules. After all, the rules have helped so many people in the past, they’ll help you too.
It might be that you’re guiding someone else who is a bit lost at the moment, but while you’re doing this you will be sharing traditions and the tried and tested method to get certain results. You will be forming alliances and looking for social approval instead of going out on a limb and doing something spontaneous.’
In the event that the querent is looking for Spiritual guidance they will find inspiration and mercy in whichever direction they choose to study or venture. Spirituality, like The Hierophant, encompasses all spheres of existence and is not necessarily religious in nature. The querent may be attracted to exercise, family values, nature or the occult at this time and they should be urged to follow their inner calling.
Reversed Meaning of The Hierophant Tarot Card:
Reversed, The Hierophant can be a positive or negative omen. On the positive side it may serve as a reminder to the querent that everything they seek can be found within as they are, in essence, a Spiritual being that embraces all The Hierophant stands for. On the negative side the querent may be going through a period where they are challenging the status quo too much and this may lead to social insecurities and, at worst, being shunned by their support system.
‘The reversed Hierophant is challenging your beliefs. All the rules in the world that seemed normal and that you accepted are looking a bit silly to you. You’re asking yourself why you should conform. Aren’t most of these social norms outdated? Aren’t there better ways to do things? And in a certain sense you’re right. It’s time to challenge the status quo.
But while you’re challenging the beliefs of others you need to be consciously aware and understand that these people have built their lives on the beliefs you are challenging. They may fight back, which could lead to insecurities for both them and yourself. This is very unstable ground you’re treading on, so don’t alienate everyone at once.’
If the querent can maintain a state of understanding and acceptance of others during this time they will be primed to making some lasting changes in their own belief systems as well as the belief systems of others. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9523598551750184}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '121384', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QHZMSBWM6NIE5AKDUYBJG4NFT4SE3WBF', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:89b2b8a8-798f-4781-88b7-dea9eec921cb>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 5, 12, 50), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.1.205', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TXMHTTECNZO5UPWNKYLF2YQ2QQHIZZUH', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:2dde85cc-aa86-4200-82a4-65e4fc7618a4>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://tarotprophet.com/tarot-card-meanings/the-hierophant/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:65d214ff-5401-4999-9ae4-08bfe988cf6e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '656', 'url': 'https://tarotprophet.com/tarot-card-meanings/the-hierophant/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-235.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02241307497024536', 'original_id': '9b24e4b0c01c95939c5f68ef621aaf3312864949e07b8da4b53e01b3cdf87385'} |
Cif America / Cif belief
William Donohue, wrong on abuse
William Donohue strolled into the quicksand on the topic of child abuse in the Catholic church, making some disgusting assertions
In general, William Donohue of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights is one of those figures to whom we've become accustomed in American life, an identity politics ambulance chaser. He's like Al Sharpton or Abe Foxman or any number of other figures. When their group is somehow defamed or derided by a sitcom or novel or politician's Freudian slip, they mount their steeds, instantly issuing the fearless press release and rushing onto the national airwaves to inveigh against the calumny at hand.
That's one thing. Whatever one thinks of it, it serves what we might call a function in a multicultural and open society. One can pay attention or turn the channel.
But what Donohue said the other night is quite another. It was probably the most disgusting thing I've ever heard an American public figure say.
The venue was the Larry King chat show on CNN. The topic was the Catholic church abuses, and the quadrumvirate of guests included Donohue and his old nemesis Sinead O'Connor, who felt the brush of Donohue's wrath when she tore up that picture of Pope John Paul II back in 1992 (and who did time in one of the infamous Magdalene laundries as a teenager).
All right, let's cut to it. "Roberts" here is former CNN anchor Thomas Roberts, a former Catholic abuse victim himself. The transcript:
Bill Donohue: It's not a paedophilia … most of the victims were post-pubescent …
Roberts: You know …
Donohue: You've got to get your facts straight. I'm sorry. If I'm the only one that's going to deal with facts tonight so be it. The vast majority of the victims are post-pubescent. That's not paedophilia, buddy. That's homosexuality.
Roberts: Bill, I don't think as a person of faith that you really know what you're talking about when it comes to a victim and a survivor. (crosstalk)
Donohue: It's not of my opinion. Take a look at the social science data. I never said that most homosexuals are that way.
Donohue: Yes! Practising homosexuals.
Let's try to break that down (and we haven't gotten to the really shocking statement yet). In a technical and clinical sense, a case can be made for the way Donohue defines paedophilia, which (technically and clinically) is meant to refer to abuse of pre-pubescent boys. Historically, "paederasty" is more associated with teenage boys. Whatever. The important thing is that when it comes to the law, both are illegal, as Donohue surely knows.
But it's when he says "that's homosexuality" that he begins his stroll into the quicksand. It seems obvious that "consensual" is his implied adjective there. He seems clearly to be saying that once a young male attains puberty, he is making a choice.
The hanging question at this point in our dialogue is the age at which Donohue considers puberty to have been reached. If somehow he believes it's 15, then he might make it through this. Fifteen is objectively absurd on its face, of course. But if that was what he thought – well, the age of consent in many states is 16, so it becomes a close call, and for some viewers he has successfully muddied the waters. Throw into the mix here a study by the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, a study to which Donohue referred on the show, saying that most victims were post-pubescent and only a "small percentage" of priests standing accused of molesting pre-pubescent boys.
The question was going to be permitted to hang. But O'Connor butted in, literally raising her hand in an effort to get King's attention:
O'Connor: Can I just ask very quickly if that gentleman, sir I don't know your name … just, I'm not quite sure what post-pubescent means. You mind explaining that to me?
Donohue: Explain what?
O'Connor: What does post-pubescent mean?
Thomas: Post-pubescent…
O'Connor: What does post-pubescent…
Donohue: Post-pubescent means beyond puberty, OK? In other words you're an adolescent and that's what homosexuals do and most of them the molesters have been homosexuals in the Catholic church (crosstalk).
Thomas: So the boys deserved it because they were post-pubescent?
O'Connor: Sorry Larry, at what age does somebody become, you know, post-pubescent in America as a matter of ages?
King: What is the age?
Thomas: Ah… I don't know. Let's ask Bill. He seems to be the authority on post-pubescency.
Donohue: 12, 13 years of age.
First of all it's hard to parse exactly what Donohue means in his response to O'Connor. "You're an adolescent and that's what homosexuals do" is foggy, but I take him to mean that preying on adolescents is what "homosexuals" do. That in itself is an abhorrent sentiment. It's clear that the whole subject gives him the heebie-jeebies and he gets addled even thinking about it.
But it's that "12, 13" that I hope made you gasp. Again, the man is so out of it that it's hard to pin down exactly what he meant. He might have meant that by that age, some boys become volitionally gay, and so having sex with priests is something they choose to do ("that's not paedophilia, buddy. That's homosexuality").
He might have meant that gay priests can't help but be enticed by post-pubescent boys, because that's just how homosexuals are. Whatever he meant, what came out was that he was leaning on a technical clinical distinction about the definition of paedophilia and asserting that the abuse of boys once they've grown pubic hair is in some sense not a problem.
Maybe he was just confused. But that's normally no excuse. Al Campanis was famously confused once on US national television, but it cost him his job, as such confusion has cost others.
Donohue will never lose his. He answers to boards that have been stacked with rightwingers (Dinesh D'Souza, Alan Keyes, Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan). And needless to say this will only get him more television bookings, as hosts attempt to trip him up further, which in turn will only get his spurious league more and more donations. So we'll have to live with him. But that's not as bad as D'Souza, Keyes, Monaghan and the rest having to live with themselves for putting their weight behind a man who has now taken a public position scarcely distinguishable from that of the North American Man/Boy Love Association. The rest of us have to believe that on some level, in some solitary night, these believers have consciences that actually do bother them.
• This article was amended on 5 April 2010. The original referred to Tom Monaghan as "Domino's Pizza chief". This has been corrected.
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Craze Gone Crazy
A revolutionary innovation that once brought joy to the world, plastic now haunts us in a sea of debris
Craze Gone Crazy
The mid-century was a fun and exciting time when so many things made of plastic were becoming popular. One of them was Tupperware (above), which led the international explosion of plastic food containers.
Like a cloning machine gone wild, plastics technology and the mania that accompanied it impacted nearly everything in its path during the mid-century.
There were transistor radios, phonograph records, hula hoops, faux flowers, baby dolls and bottles, Tupperware, sandwich bags, bubble wrap.
You name it—nothing was left untouched in the Plastic Age that followed World War II.
And what about those snazzy furnishings inside your mid-century house of glass? Back then, and still today, plastic modern décor and Eichlers went together like soup and sandwich.
"The term 'plastic smile' is often used to describe a fake expression. It's the act of looking happy when you're actually not," says Rich Ross, a Los Angeles-based scriptwriter who also collects vintage radios, most of them encased in plastic.
Craze Gone Crazy
The 1967 movie, 'The Graduate,' added fuel to the fire with a famous scene and line: "I just want to say one word to you…plastics."
"It's interesting that plastic is associated with conveying this false mask of joy, since this carbon-rich material has given so much real happiness to people all over the world."
A flood of images is conjured up when one thinks of the use of plastics in the 1950s, '60s, and '70s. Open up a discussion on social media, and everyone seems to have a special memory tied to something plastic.
William Ponder in Southern California remembers the 'burp' of the Tupperware lid, and Hollie Ketman recalls plastic toys and the use of acrylic—a clear plastic—to hold her mother's hair in place.
But plastic didn't just cover bouncy, bubble-shaped hairdos. It also covered furniture in the living room; that is until relatives arrived for a visit or holiday meal.
"We had a bright butterscotch Naugahyde sofa," says Cary Levy Wagner of Orange County.
Craze Gone Crazy
Mid-century transistor radios—with plastic shells, of course— from the collection of Eric Wrobbel.
"My mother used to freeze food in plastic containers," says Ellen Sanford, who grew up in New Orleans. "I swore the food tasted like plastic!"
Bay Area resident Karen Rogers chimes in with her own recollections: "White go-go boots made out of vinyl! I'd dance in my bedroom to the Beatles."
But for Rich Ross, one of the appeals of radios of yesteryear is the scent produced from plastic. "Vintage plastic, like wood, had its own unique aesthetic and quality. It even had it's own irreplaceable aroma," he recalls.
In addition to radios, the stuffing in most furniture was, and remains, polyurethane foam. The vinyl in cars may have been stamped with a leather pattern of cow wrinkles, but it was still plastic. For the last few decades, most of the plumbing installed in homes has been made of this same moldable material.
Craze Gone Crazy
A sea of 45rpm vinyl records from the 1950s, a plastic creation that continues to thrive today.
Plastics have a bad rap because they negatively impact the environment. Strangely enough, the main problem with plastics is their benefit: plastic items are inexpensive to make and easy to discard.
| dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '3', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9607577919960022}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '31274', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:TJGVHIGSNYIDES3XUBQWQMPV5IN5G73E', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:206c4074-6913-4bca-84ba-240a30272ade>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2022, 11, 27, 2, 39, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.26.5.224', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CNVNHPNIALS7QI5ZITK74B3HNDLFAH6P', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:ee1dbd08-b114-45e9-8a5a-60ab961ad1aa>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.eichlernetwork.com/article/craze-gone-crazy', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d8fa8de8-cab6-4988-ad6e-57d34a739a37>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '560', 'url': 'https://www.eichlernetwork.com/article/craze-gone-crazy', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2022-49\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for November/December 2022\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-188\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.19 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.4-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07175183296203613', 'original_id': '1c0b1c6abdbae831d12952abafea9d2533796a15f5ab62c7a66f75333d3f241d'} |
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Leave a Reply | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8699762225151062}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '42306', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:32LJDOK55XAFYD3PU2TL55EOQBZT2HDM', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:46392e11-4206-4a91-8f76-b192614acca3>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 3, 13, 41), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.91.66.252', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TQ3ZMITBITHBGGMHE3ML6O663L5C34A2', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:1be6afd4-9879-4066-bd3e-8ed5fe2d1153>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://loginsite.net/uo-webmail-login/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:7a4d7a20-fb94-44f3-9b49-473d611801a2>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '301', 'url': 'https://loginsite.net/uo-webmail-login/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-243-33.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.040739595890045166', 'original_id': '4e4e6b5974bae1e90a64decca1c4b245a4eac7ca71e780feee6fc2eb2a2da62b'} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
NF-κB is defined as an important transcription factor in immunity, cell survival, and cancer \[[@ref1],[@ref2],3\]. NF-κB gene activation was observed in many steps such as tumor progression and metastasis \[[@ref4],[@ref5]\]. Relationships between NF-κB and leukemia have recently been identified through new mutations on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and specific NF-κB pathway activation of multiple myeloma \[[@ref6],[@ref7]\]. NF-κB /Rel-blocking approaches have been proposed as antineoplastic strategies. Furthermore, the identification of specific kinases within the NF-κB activation pathway offers a selective target to address tailored therapies. Recent data provided a rationale for therapeutic approaches, which combined different NF-κB inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia patients \[[@ref8]\]. NF-kB is also a nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor and it has been reported to be constitutively activated in the myelomonocytoid cell line P39 \[[@ref9]\]. Some MDS subtypes have a high risk of developing into acute myeloid leukemia \[[@ref10]\]. Another gene whose expression levels have been reported to play a relevant prognostic role in MDS is WT1. Changes in the expression of the WT1 gene are associated with certain types of lung, prostate, breast, and ovarian cancer. Abnormal expression of the WT1 gene also occurs in leukemia. It is unclear what role the WT1 protein plays in the development or progression of cancer \[[@ref11]\]. We decided to assess if a compound combination (bortezomib and arsenic trioxide) able to inactivate NF-kB would be also able to down-regulate the WT1 expression. Finally, we performed microarray and real-time quantitative PCR assays to understand the gene expression pathways affected by this treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS {#s2}
=====================
P39 cell line (DSMZ, Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany) was grown within 48 hours in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco-LT, CA, USA) under the treatment of different concentrations of bortezomib and arsenic trioxide (ATO) as previously described in our studies \[[@ref12]\]. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay, and proliferative responses were assayed by a colorimetric test based on methyl thiazoletetrazolium bromide reduction \[[@ref13]\]. After drug exposure, signs of apoptosis were evaluated by light microscopy and the Annexin V/propidiumcytofluorimetric analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) and flow-cytometry assay \[[@ref12]\]. Samples were also evaluated by the Human Apoptosis Panel (TaqMan®, Applera, Norwalk, USA). All the experiments were repeated at least three times. Reported values represent the means ± SD. The significance of differences between experimental conditions was determined using the 2-tailed Student's t test. The level of significance was p\<0.05. All above cell studies were performed in our laboratories, located at Pisa University. Microarray studies and real time PCR confirmations were performed at Kocaeli University. Microarray analysis was performed using the Whole Human Genome Oligo Microarray (Agilent Technologies), encompassing more than 44,000 human DNA probes. The full list of cDNAs is available online (www.agilent.com). Protocols for sample preparation and hybridization of the mononuclear cells were adaptations of those in the Agilent Technical Manual. In short, first strand cDNA was transcribed from 300 ng of total RNA using T7-Oligo (dT) Promoter Primer. Samples were transcribed in vitro and Cy-3-labeled by using a Quick-AMP labeling kit (Agilent Technologies). Following a further clean-up round (Qiagen), cRNA was fragmented into pieces ranging from 35 to 200 bases in size. Fragmented cRNA samples (1.65 ug) were hybridized onto chips by means of 17 h of incubation at 65 °C with constant rotation, followed by a two-step microarray wash of 1 min in two washing buffers (Agilent Technologies). Hybridized microarrays were scanned in a Agilent Technologies Scanner (model G2505B) and numerical results were extracted with Feature Extraction version 9.5.1.1 using 014850_D\_F_20060807 grid, GE1-v5_95_Feb07 protocol and GE1_QCM_Feb07 QC metric set. The microarray data were analyzed using Gene Spring software version 6.1 (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The fold changes were analyzed by filtering the dataset using p-value \<0.01 and a signal-to-noise ratio \>2 for use in t-test statistical analysis. Additional filtering (minimum 2-fold change) was applied to extract the most of these genes, which were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software (Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA, USA). Those genes with known gene symbols (HUGO) and their corresponding expression values were uploaded into the software. Each gene symbol was mapped to its corresponding gene object in the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base. Networks of these genes were algorithmically generated based on their connectivity and assigned a score. The score is a numerical value used to rank networks according to how relevant they are to the genes in the input dataset but may not be an indication of the quality or significance of the network. The score takes into account the number of focus genes in the network and the size of the network to approximate how relevant this network is to the original list of focus genes. The network identified is then presented as a graph indicating the molecular relationships between genes/gene products. Genes are represented as nodes, and the biological relationship between two nodes is represented as an edge (line). The intensity of the node color indicated the degree of up- or down-regulation. The node shapes are disclosed in corresponding figure legends. Canonical pathway analysis identified the pathways from the IPA library of canonical pathways, which were most significant to the input data set. The significance of the association between the data set and the canonical pathway was determined based on two parameters: (1) A ratio of the number of genes from the data set that map to the pathway divided by the total number of genes that map to the canonical pathway and (2) a p-value calculated using Fischer's exact test determining the probability that the association between the genes in the data set and the canonical pathway is due to chance alone. Real time PCR confirmations were performed as described before \[[@ref12],[@ref14]\].
RESULTS {#s3}
=======
Bortezomib inactivated NF-kB and exerted an anti-proliferative ([Figure 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}) and pro-apoptotic effect ([Figure 2](#f2){ref-type="fig"}) by blocking cell cycle in the G2 phase ([Figure 3](#f3){ref-type="fig"}). It increased the release of reactive oxygen species ([Figure 4](#f4){ref-type="fig"}) and down-regulated the WT1 expression ([Figure 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). In the untreated P39, 84 of the 93 genes involved in the apoptosis pathway and representation in the Taqman Low-Density Arrays were expressed. After treatment, bortezomib had up-regulated DIABLO and NFkBIB (NF-kB inhibitor), and down-regulated the NF-kB1, NF-kB2, and BIRC1, an anti-apoptotic gene ([Figure 5](#f5){ref-type="fig"}). Seven gene pathways (P53, PPAR, IL6, IL2, hypoxia, Huntington's disease, TLR) were found most significantly de-regulated in our microarray analysis.
Bortezomib and ATO combination resulted in synergistic anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects ([Figure 6](#f6){ref-type="fig"}). PPAR, P53, IL6, IL2, hypoxia, Huntington's disease, TLR and cell cycle were the pathways more significantly modified in the the IPA analysis of our data, when P39 was co-incubated with bortezomib/ATO. Moreover, we observed SHC1, MLL, ITGAV, BCRA2, HMOX1, ICAM1, JUN, PMAP1 and beta estradiol genes were down-regulated whereas BRCA2, FOXA1, LY96 and AKR1C1 genes were up-regulated. Levels and inter relationships were defined in [Figure 7](#f7){ref-type="fig"}.
DISCUSSION {#s4}
==========
We have previously detected the over expressed levels of NF-κB gene in our microarray screening studies on prostate cancer, papillary thyroid cancer and leukemia \[[@ref12],[@ref14],[@ref15],[@ref16],[@ref17]\]. This study is our first observation about the relationship between dysregulated NF-kB expression levels and MDS.
P53 is a well-known cell cycle regulator and two studies have shown the relationship between NF-kB gene expression and lymphoblastic leukemia pathogenesis before \[[@ref18],[@ref19]\]. Bastian et al. observed an activation of NF-κB after bortezomib treatment and the induction of apoptosis-related NF-κB target genes such as TNFαRs after concomitant treatment, indicating a possible involvement of NF-κB as a proapoptotic mediator. These findings are not in concordance with ours about the bortezomib induction in a myelodysplastic cell line (P39). It is possible that bortezomib activity has different trigger effects to NF-κB deregulation on different types of leukemic cells.
Among the down-regulated genes, JUN, HSP70 and HSP90 would be relevant. Indeed, high levels of HSPs have been reported to negatively condition the overall survival of patients with high-risk MDS \[[@ref20]\]. Other down-regulated genes were CREBBP, PMAIP1, SPP1, and some adhesion molecules, such as ICAM1. Even reduction of integrins could be a relevant effect exerted by the proteasome inhibitor due to higher serum levels of ICAM1 that have been observed to be associated with high-risk MDS, negatively conditioning the survival \[[@ref21]\].
Recently, Phase 1 studies indicated that bortezomib is a well-tolerated treatment option in acute myeloid leukemia \[[@ref22]\]. Further studies should focus on the role of NF-kB and other pathways as key regulators to therapeutic effect of bortezomib in acute myeloid leukemia. Authors indicated that intracellular NAD\* level represents a major determinant in the ability of bortezomib to induce apoptosis \[[@ref23]\]. It is still unknown as to how many more pathways and gene networks exist on these apoptotic effects.
Combinations of our two compounds showed gene expression deregulations which were in concordance with the bortezomib treatment alone. Especially, P53 was a pathway more significantly modified and same seven gene pathways were most significantly de-regulated. JUN and ICAM1 genes were found down-regulated again.
Beta estradiol, BRCA2 and FOXA1 genes were remarkable in our findings. ATO and bortezomib combination resulted in a gene network centralized around the beta estradiol gene. It has been previously reported that when estrogen binds its receptor it becomes a potent mitogen in the pathogenesis of mammary carcinoma and ATO specifically inhibits expression and signaling pathway of these receptor \[[@ref24]\]. Here we can see the ATO's downregulation effect over this gene. Besides, protein product of beta-estradiol leads to granulocytic differentiation when itself used as a compound on human CD34+ cells \[[@ref25]\]. We believe that the gene network around beta estradiol is important to understand relationship about differentiation treatment by ATO on AML pathogenesis.
BRCA2 has been defined as a part of important pathway to prevent a subgroup of human leukemias and lymphomas that may involve non-random, characteristic gene rearrangements \[[@ref26]\]. Upregulated levels of this pathway by the treatment of our compounds was an expected result. However, upregulated levels were extremely high as 29-fold. We found a relationship between BRCA2 and beta estradiol genes over FNG gene downregulation. FNG (Fringe) is a regulator of communication between lineage compartments during hematopoietic development \[[@ref27]\]. We found the down regulated levels of beta estradiol were in a signal communication by BRCA2 upregulation. It means that bortezomib and ATO exposure is effective on different anti-cancer mechanisms as 'DNA repair' or 'cell differentiation', in P39 cell line.
Importance of FOXA1 gene was defined before in cell transcription in different mutations in acute myeloid leukemia and also offered as a promising prognostic marker in breast cancer \[[@ref28],[@ref29]\]. Upregulated level of this gene was remarkable deregulation in our experiment.
It is possible to discuss similarities and relations between NF-kB and these three genes mentioned above. NF-kB is an important transciption factor as FOXA1 and its critical role is well defined in multiple myeloma \[[@ref30]\]. Homolog recombinations in DNA repair induction by NF-κB required the target BRCA2 \[[@ref31]\]. Estrogen modulates NFeq signaling at the promoters of inflammatory genes via estrogen receptor-B \[[@ref32]\]. We have used compounds effective to inactivate NF-kB and these affection looks deeper when we add ATO to bortezomib.
Taken together, NF-kB was observed as an important modulator in leukemic transformation of MDS. These results suggest the possible use of proteasome inhibitors in treatment of high-risk MDS. In vivo trials will be useful to confirm this hypothesis. Moreover, our study was a preliminary observation of a cell line exposed to drug combinations and different leukemic cells should be studied in this manner as many dimensions of the studies would be discussed separately. This would create insight to the arising gene pathways after bortezomib and ATO exposure in leukemia, and their specific traces on networks defined on miRNA investigation and proteomic levels.
**Conflict of Interest Statement**
The authors of this paper have no conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests, relationships, and/or affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials included.
{#f1}
{#f2}
{#f3}
{#f4}
{#f5}
{#f6}
{#f7}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '36efd7741c0e0c0944c81101aedc2898240498fe64c98ead85b8f41c75381cf2'} |
Q:
pgfplots: stacking plots in positive and negative y direction in the same diagram
I have several data files which I want to plot in the following manner:
I achieved this with the following code:
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{pgfplots,filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{total.dos}
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
2 4 0 -4 0 4 0 -4
3 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
6 2 0 -2 0 0 0 0
7 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[xlabel={Energy [eV]}, ylabel={Intensity}, no markers]
\addplot [fill=red,draw=none] table [x index=0,y index=5] {total.dos};
\addplot [fill=red,draw=red,fill opacity=0.25] table [x index=0,y index=1] {total.dos};
\addplot [fill=red,draw=none] table [x index=0, y index=7] {total.dos};
\addplot [fill=red,draw=red,fill opacity=0.25] table [x index=0,y index=3] {total.dos};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
My Question:
How can I stack several of those plots?
It should look similar to this:
The problem is that normal stacking doesn't work because this would stack every addplot which leads to wrong output since some y columns of my data have positive and some have negative values for the same x value and pgfplots stacks the plots only in one direction (either positive or negative). But I need to make pgfplots group some addplots, while within the respective groups there is no stacking, and then let it stack the groups. Is this possible?
Update:
I have changed the title of my question since the discussions in the comment section revealed that the crucial point is to make pgfplots plot in the positive and negative y direction at the same time. This way I get the plots to appear the way I want.
A:
For the sake of completeness I will add a different answer to my own question since it solves the problem of stacking in only one y direction without the need of a second axis. Actually pgfplots is able to stack in the positive and negative y direction at the same time if the data files contain positive as well as negative values.
I came across the solution while learning a bit more about the pgfplotstable package. Actually one could achieve the same result by manipulating the data with external tools (like python or bash) as Mark suggested in one of his comments. I prefered to let LaTeX do the job, so that I can use my data files directly.
My solution:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{width=6cm,compat=newest}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\usepackage{pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\colorlet{lightred}{red!25!white}
\colorlet{lightblue}{blue!25!white}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{total.dos}
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
2 4 0 -4 0 4 0 -4
3 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
6 2 0 -2 0 0 0 0
7 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\end{filecontents}
\pgfplotstableread{total.dos}\total
% sort original file from highest to lowest value
\pgfplotstablesort[sort cmp=float >]{\totalsorted}{\total}
% first auxiliary table derived from \total: \totaldummy
\pgfplotstableset{
create on use/x/.style={create col/copy column from table={\total}{[index] 0}},
create on use/dummya/.style={create col/copy column from table={\total}{[index] 1}},
create on use/dummyb/.style={create col/copy column from table={\total}{[index] 3}},
create on use/a/.style={create col/copy column from table={\total}{[index] 5}},
create on use/b/.style={create col/copy column from table={\total}{[index] 7}},
create on use/c/.style={create col/expr={\thisrow{dummya} - \thisrow{a}}},
create on use/d/.style={create col/expr={\thisrow{dummyb} - \thisrow{b}}}}
% create a new table:
\pgfplotstablenew[columns={x, dummya, dummyb, a, b, c, d}] {\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\total}} {\totaldummy}
% second auxiliary table derived from \totalsorted: \totalsorteddummy
\pgfplotstableset{
create on use/x/.style={create col/copy column from table={\totalsorted}{[index] 0}},
create on use/dummya/.style={create col/copy column from table={\totalsorted}{[index] 3}},
create on use/dummyb/.style={create col/copy column from table={\totalsorted}{[index] 1}},
create on use/a/.style={create col/copy column from table={\totalsorted}{[index] 7}},
create on use/b/.style={create col/copy column from table={\totalsorted}{[index] 5}},
create on use/c/.style={create col/expr={\thisrow{dummya} - \thisrow{a}}},
create on use/d/.style={create col/expr={\thisrow{dummyb} - \thisrow{b}}}}
% create a new table:
\pgfplotstablenew[columns={x, dummya, dummyb, a, b, c, d}] {\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\total}} {\totalsorteddummy}
% Concatenate the two dummy tables
\pgfplotstablevertcat{\result}{\totaldummy}
\pgfplotstablevertcat{\result}{\totalsorteddummy}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
stack plots=y,
xlabel={Energy},
ylabel={Intensity},
x unit={eV}
]
\addplot [no markers, fill=lightblue, draw=blue] table [x=x, y=c] {\result};
\addplot [no markers, fill=blue, draw=blue] table [x=x, y=a] {\result};
\addplot [no markers, fill=lightred, draw=red] table [x=x, y=c] {\result};
\addplot [no markers, fill=red, draw=red] table [x=x, y=a] {\result};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
This results in the following picture:
This way I achieved exactly the look I was aiming for: the right lobes of the plot are more lightly colored than the left ones and the lightly colored regions are coated by a darker line.
To get the right look the data values had to be sorted according to the x values. This is done by using \pgfplotstablesort[sort cmp=float >]{\resulttable}{\table or filename} which sorts the data from highest to lowest x value. If one doesn't sort the values the following look would result:
So one could leave out the sorting step if the same colors are used for draw and fill or draw=none is used.
A:
Perhaps the below is close to what you want. The trick is to add only the positive columns in a stacked plot, and only the negative columns in another plot that pretends to share the same axes. To work, both the visible and invisible axes must have the same domain. I also used the units pgfplots library to separate the units out.
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots,filecontents}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\pgfplotsset{width=6cm,compat=newest}
\begin{filecontents}{total.dos}
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
2 4 0 -4 0 4 0 -4
3 2 0 -2 0 2 0 -2
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
6 2 0 -2 0 0 0 0
7 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0
8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
\end{filecontents}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
stack plots=y,
xlabel={Energy},
x unit={eV},
ylabel={Intensity},
no markers,
ymin=-10,
ymax=10
]
\addplot [fill=red,draw=none] table [x index=0,y index=5] {total.dos}\closedcycle;
\addplot [fill=blue,draw=none,fill opacity=0.25] table [x index=0,y index=1] {total.dos}\closedcycle;
\end{axis}
\begin{axis}[
stack plots=y,
no markers,
ymin=-10,
ymax=10,
xtick=\empty,
ytick=\empty,
axis x line=none,
axis y line=none
]
\addplot [fill=red,draw=none] table [x index=0, y index=7] {total.dos}\closedcycle;
\addplot [fill=blue,draw=none,fill opacity=0.25] table [x index=0,y index=3] {total.dos}\closedcycle;
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': 'bad699c9f583eb731e22861515686d6a75791180edbb95e41828903cf1cb69fe'} |
When Is National Chicken Wing Day?
The internet history of Chicken Wing Day
National Chicken Wing Day is on the 29th of July
22,658 tweets
First detected on the 19th of May 2015
chicken-wing chicken old man birds
Is It Chicken Wing Day Today?
It's Chicken Wing day on the 29th of July.
The most recent detection of references to Chicken Wing Day was 8 months ago.
There were many celebrations relating to national holdiays written about on social media that our algorithms picked up on the 29th of July. In total we detected 107 total unique days being shared such as Lipstick Day which had 6,175 people talking about it, or Chicken Wing Day having 5,780 tweets.
How Is The Date For Chicken Wing Day Calculated?
The day shown for 'National Chicken Wing Day' is based off how much chitter-chatter and buzz there was on July 29, 2016 across social media making references to 'Chicken Wing Day'. Our algorithms examine all of the references to National Days across social media and updates whatnationaldayisit.com hourly, with our homepage displaying the current national day, including others such as: Wing, Lasagna or Cheesecake Day. This crowdsourcing of data method to assess the National Chicken Wing Day date is used as opposed to being connected with any Government sacntioned lists :D Hurrah for democracy by concensus!
I'd Like To Promote National Chicken Wing Day
We've put together the following resources full of nifty tips on how to increase the reach of Chicken Wing Day. The resources include: graphs, badges, and resources on what steps to take to boost Chicken Wing Day's visibility.
Can I Register Chicken Wing Day?
Is it National Chicken Wing Day Everywhere?
We're now tracking the sentiment around every mention of Chicken Wing day to show how people feel about Chicken Wing. See if people like Chicken Wing here.
We're detecting how Chicken Wing affects other things more widely than just being a celebrated day. See how Chicken Wing affects company share prices.
Hang On, It Was National Chicken Wing Day Already This Year..!?
Yes, this is strangely enough entirely possible. The date shown for National Chicken Wing Day can change, if for instance several hundred people tweeted about Chicken Wing Day in early April, then in May a few thousand people tweeted about Chicken Wing day, then the date shown for National Chicken Wing Day, could come up twice :D
We have also detected mentions of Chicken Wing day on;
Get The Badge
National Chicken Wing Day
It's Chicken Wing Day
On July 29th
WhatNationalDayIsIt's Daily Day Widget
National Chicken Wing Day, on the 29th of July
Other Days
National Dog Day
National Snake Day
National Pet Day
National Cat Day
National Fried-Chicken Day
National Birds Day
National Chicken-Wing Day
National Lazy Day
National Nut Day
National Cuddle-Up Day
National Bestie Day
National Doggy Day
National Wing Day
National Pets Day
National Dogs Day
National Cookout Day
National Hump Day
National Goat Day
National Hannah Day
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For people who wish to promote National Chicken Wing Day, we've put together the following resources.
See also: How does Chicken Wing affect the share price of Apple, Facebook, Microsoft?
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# direct core dependencies of the SDK
c-ares/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649 all:on ios:c-ares-ios.patch
cryptopp/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
curl/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
libsodium/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649 ios:libsodium-ios.patch
openssl/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
openssl-unix/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649 windows:off
openssl-windows/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
pcre/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
readline/8.0 all:off osx:on
sqlite3/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
zlib/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
# needed by the SDK if enabling serving/streaming (outgoing) files via http/s or include a an ftp server
libuv/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649 ios:off
# mediainfo, customized with constrained functionality (determine media properties such as track length, codec, etc)
libmediainfo/19.09
libzen/0.4.37
# ffmpeg (video preview/thumbnail generation)
ffmpeg/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649 all:on ios:off
#freeimage and its dependencies (image preview/thumbnail generation)
freeimage/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 osx:freeimage-bool-typedef-xcode-compiler.patch
libpng/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
libjpeg-turbo/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
tiff/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
openjpeg/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
libwebp/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 all:libwebp-no-freeglut-no-avx.patch
libraw/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 ios:libraw-ios.patch
jxrlib/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 ios:jxrlib-ios-guiddef-fix.patch
openexr/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 ios:openexr-ios.patch
jasper/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 all:jasper-no-freeglut.patch
liblzma/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7 ios:liblzma-ios.patch
#python3 not needed; it only provides python bindings to use openexr from python
libffi/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
opengl/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
#freeglut (cross platform window manager) not needed; problematic on some platforms, pulling in many, many dependencies
vcpkg-cmake-config/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
vcpkg-cmake/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
# pdfium libraries, specific version for build stability (preview/thumbnail generation for pdfs)
# (see 3rdParty_deps.txt on instructions on how to get source)
# also, no v8 (javascript execution) etc
#pdfium/3710
#pdfium-freetype/2-8-73
# dependencies of pdfium
icu/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
lcms/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
libjpeg-turbo/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
openjpeg/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
bzip2/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
libpng/7375bb408f2278d2f1875c259beef93332697ba7
#for megachat, not needed by sdk itself
#libwebsockets/2.4.2
# tests and tools
asio/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
gtest/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
# previously listed - possibly for mega chat,sync,cmd. Re-add with comment if the SDK alone needs them
#x264/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#giflib/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#sdl1/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#mbedtls/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#nghttp2/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#opencl/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#libvpx/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
#libevent/c303dd024e2dc03a0665ddffbb12a1077933e649
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Katy Perry can help you Practise Linking Words
Learning a new language can be difficult. We often wonder why it seems easier for some people, for some nationalities, to understand English better than for other speakers. The level of difficulty depends on various aspects but, most definitely, one of them is whether your first language is syllable-timed (giving syllables equal prominence) or stress-timed ( temporal duration between two stressed syllables is the same ). English, as well as Danish, Swedish or German, are stress-timed languages whereas Spanish, French or Cantonese Chinese are syllable-timed.
Content and Function Words. This is important because we, as Spaniards, try to give equal importance to each syllable but in English, only some words in a sentence are considered important and therefore pronounced with more emphasis (Content words) while others are quickly spoken (Function words) some would say, swallowed.
Look at these two sentences. Although the first has 7 words and the second 12, it should take you the same amount of time to read both sentences. Why? Because as English is a time stressed language there is always the same distance between two stressed words.
Peter said horrible things about your mother.
He left after dinner taking most of his books in his suitcase.
Another thing to take into consideration is Linking. Words , when they are pronounced in isolation do not sound the same as when pronounced in a sentence. Why? Because of this linking.
Linking occurs in English in these situations:
Consonant+ vowel : when a word ends with a consonant sound and the next one starts with a vowel sound, we, very often, link them
Liked it | ˈlaɪktɪt |
And I /ən´aɪ |
Vowel+ Vowel : when one word ends with a vowel sound and the next word begins with a vowel sound, we link the words with a sort of W or Y sound.
To simplify :
♥ If our lips are round at the end of the first word, we insert a W sound: Ex: do it /du:wɪt/
If our lips are wide at the end of the first word, we insert a Y sound: Ex: Ray is /reɪyɪz/
– And then we have the Linking “r” for example, the “r” in “here” would not be pronounced in “Here they are ” (because it is followed by a consonant), but it would be pronounced in “Here I am”. Likewise, the “r” at the end of “far” would only be pronounced if the next word begins with a vowel, as in “far away” /fa:r∂wei/ or” far off”. /fa:rof/
Listen to these sentences and repeat after them paying attention to the linkings. linking.mp3
Not at all
Isn’t it a pity
Ian’s wearing odd socks?
Was ever a bride so pretty?
♥To be honest, I am not a big fan of Katy Perry but her song I kissed a Girl is great to practise Content and Function Words and the chorus is just the perfect example to make students understand the issue of Linking Words and Function Words; by singing along Katy Perry” I kissed a girl and I liked it “, they’ll be practising linking words and weak forms without effort .
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New surgical strategy to induce liver hypertrophy: role of MDCT-volumetry to monitor and predict liver growth.
To describe the role of MDCT-volumetry to monitor and predict liver hypertrophy in a recently introduced surgical technique in patients needing hepatectomy. This prospective study was approved by the local research and ethics committee and patient informed consent was obtained. Twelve consecutive patients were selected for associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged-hepatectomy procedure. The mean absolute the future-liver-remnant (FLR) and FLR/total liver volume (TLV) ratio was calculated before and after surgery to determine the degree of hypertrophy. Six days after surgery a new CT-examination was performed to determine the FLR-volume and FLR/TLV. If the enlargement of the FLR was the expected a second-step surgery was performed. Continuous variables are expressed as mean (range). A p<0.05 was considered significant. The mean pre-operative FLR-volume was 402 mL and the FLR/TLV was 27%. The mean post-operative FLR-volume 6 days after the first step was 702 mL (range 521-1030 mL) being the mean difference between preoperative and postoperative FLR volume 303 mL (p<0.0001). The mean volume increase was 80% ranged from 21-139%. At day six, FLR/TLV was 46.5% (range 33.5-67.7), morbidity was 41% and mortality 0%. MDCT-volumetry has a key role in decision-making, monitoring and predicting liver hypertrophy pre- and postoperatively. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '043ef45ffd19adb176d1e9803f82f1093a2caf50d47284b80f5a0162c9077e82'} |
Akshay Kumar shoots for Desi Boyz in the UK!
Akshay Kumar is in the United Kingdom to shoot for Rohit Dhawan’s Desi Boyz . Along with Akshay the film also has John Abraham, Deepika Padukone and Anupam Kher in leading roles.
The 43-year-old superstar was reportedly to shoot sections of the film in London, but started the shoot at University of Oxford, England. A source informed us, that the filming will continue at the prestigious education institute till the 26th of March and will then be relocated to London. The first day of shooting in the UK was on Monday, the 14th of March. The Physics lecture theatres, Sciama and Lindemann at Trinity College, University of Oxford were filled with hundreds of extras, involved in the shoot for the first two days.
One of the students there was Andrew Steele (@statto) and he commented on the filming: “Triple-parked vans chock-full of scaffolding tubes and cables were blocked in by posh rides with besotted execs leaning on them, nattering in Hindi and smoking cigars. The front door was propped open for a snake of cables, leading upstairs to the Lindemann lecture theatre. (sic)”
Akshay Kumar was the only leading actor in attendance and also shot scenes yesterday on campus. He twice arrived in a car with a personalized number plate and blacked out windows. He shot his scene and left. It took him only five minutes to complete the shooting of the gate sequence.
Another source described the shooting in detail: “They were sweeping the pavement in front of Balliol College. The college door was shut and a man (stand-in) with a backpack was standing in front [of it]. The man seemed to have a pair of roller-skates in his backpack. He pushed both doors open dramatically. The real star (Akshay Kumar) took over with the backpack and a suitcase, repeated the scene and left.”
The scenes reveal that Akshay is playing a University student in Dhawan’s directorial debut. We will try our best to bring you more updates on the shoot, so stay tuned. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '617380b32bb1a5b007cc1c605dac11090e972ebd3df304dd19e59f83de34de8a'} |
Dramatic Week in Dystiny Myers Murder Trial - KCOY Santa Maria, Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo - News
Dramatic Week in Dystiny Myers Murder Trial
Posted: Updated:
SAN LUIS OBISPO, Calif- It was a dramatic week in the Dystiny Myers murder trial. A defendant testified against the remaining two, there was a switch in a plea deal and just as quickly as this case began it appears to be coming to an end.
The week began with a recorded interview with Frank Jacob York and investigators, days after the murder of Dystiny Myers. "So if someone says take care of this problem, you take care of the problem," said a Sheriff's Detective in a recorded interview. "Usually I try to take care of it in a different way then what happened," replied York.
York painted a gruesome picture of the slaying of Myers, saying he did what he was told. "Told me that, beat her up and take her and kill her," said York in the interview.
Using dash cam video from September 26th, 2010, the day of the arrests, the prosecution showed Ty Hill, Jason Greenwell and a woman stopped in Rhonda Wisto's truck hours after the killing. Hill and Greenwell are in the back of the unit trying to reach Wisto on a walky talkie Hill sneaked in. "I'm calling Rhonda, she's not answerin'," said Hill as he was in the back of the patrol car.
Greenwell who was in the unit, was brought to court this week to testify against York and Wisto as part of his plea bargain. "At one point Ty ended up handing the baseball bat to Jacob York and he said, specifically said, to Mark Maguire her legs," said Jason Greenwell, a defendant.
Then a surprising twist, Cody Miller, set to testify as part of a plea deal refused and decided to change his plea of guilty to premeditated first degree murder and conspiracy to another one. This time with a longer sentence of life without parole. His attorney said Miller didn't feel like he deserved a break or forgiveness. Although he did apologize to the family in court.
"I really am sorry, I'm not asking for your forgiveness, I know I don't deserve it, I apologize," said Cody Miller, a defendant. The prosecution has rested their case and now the defense has a chance to bring in witnesses. If they don't, closing arguments could begin Thursday.
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Certain food processing operations require adding processing fluids to a foodstuff. U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,795, for example, discloses a method using ammonia and/or carbon dioxide to modify the pH of a meat product. The treatment disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,871,795 has been shown to decrease pathogenic microbe content in meat products. U.S. Pat. No. 6,389,838 also discloses a process in which a pH modifying material such as gaseous or aqueous ammonia is applied to meat products as part of an overall process that includes freezing and physically manipulating the pH modified meat product.
Treatment processes that expose foodstuffs to a processing fluid may require a controlled and consistent application of the processing fluid. Depending upon the treatment process, underexposure may not provide the desired results, while overexposure to the processing fluid may produce undesirable results. In the pH adjustment processes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,871,795 and 6,389,838 for example, portions of the meat product being treated may be overexposed to the pH adjusting fluid while other portions of the meat product may be exposed to very little or none of the pH adjusting fluid. The overexposed portions may absorb sufficient adjusting fluid to affect the taste of the treated product and to produce a residual pH adjusting material odor. Underexposed portions of the meat product may not exhibit the desired pathogenic microbe inhibiting effect. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd58d8bd0c900fbfff8a36ac16a540c2b5baa2cdfe245bf2d13091a1060debfe0'} |
We Don't Know if Obamacare Is Working Well. But We Know It's Working.
December 29, 2013
Obamacare got off to a lousy start. But things are looking a lot better now.
Nearly a million people signed up for private health plans via healthcare.gov in December, according to statistics the Obama Administration released on Sunday morning. That pushed the total number of sign-ups for the year to 1.1 million. Combined with the totals that states are likely to report by year’s end, it probably means more than 2 million people have signed up for private health insurance though the Affordable Care Act’s marketplaces. That doesn’t count several million who enrolled in Medicaid, the newly expanded federal-state program that provides insurance to low-income people.
The official enrollment number doesn’t tell us many things. It doesn’t tell us whether these people getting private (or public) coverage had insurance previously—or, if they had insurance, how much they were paying for it. It doesn't tell us how many of these people have actually paid premiums, which is essential for coverage to take effect. It doesn’t tell us whether insurers have proper data on these people or what kind of access and protection the new coverage will give. It doesn’t tell us how many of the enrollees are in relatively good health or how many are in relatively poor health—or how that mix will affect insurance prices going forward.
In addition, the numbers do not appear to match the Administration’s own targets. According to internal projections, later reported by the Associated Press, officials expected more than 3.3 million enrollments by year’s end, with about 1.8 million of those coming through the federal website.
For all of those reasons, and a few others, it’s premature to say Obamacare is meeting expectations.
But those internal enrollment targets don't include people who signed up for coverage directly through insurers. And while lower-than-predicted enrollment could be a sign consumers don’t like the new policies, they could also represent the lingering effects of the site’s technical problems. The internal projections were never particularly scientific: Administration officials extrapolated them from the Congressional Budget Office's projection of overall private plan enrollment in 2014 (about 7 million) and with necessarily imperfect data from prior programs. "What’s important now is that the systems are mostly functioning so that anyone who wants to get coverage can," says Larry Levitt, senior vice president at the Kaiser Family Foundation. "The outreach campaigns and advertising by insurers likely haven’t peaked yet, so I wouldn’t be at all surprised if enrollment in March is even bigger than December."
MIT economist Jonathan Gruber, an architect of reforms, has a similarly nuanced take. "Given the technical problems at the start, and given that the important deadline is March 31, what matters right now is the trend in enrollment. In terms of overall enrollment, the trend looks quite good," Gruber says. "What matters more is the mix in terms of the health of those enrolling, and we won't have a clear answer on that until we see 2015 rates from insurers."
While we wait to see more numbers—and parse the meaning of the numbers we have—we do know a few things for sure.
We know, first and foremost, that healthcare.gov is a (mostly) functioning website. This was no sure thing even a few weeks ago. At the end of November, when officials announced that they had met their goal of constructing a website that worked well for most customers, they were cautious to warn about future problems. Partly that was because their previous predictions of success proved so unbelievably wrong. And partly that was because they feared a late surge of customers would overwhelm the site’s capacity, threatening a whole new period of chaos. But the system held up just fine, as the high enrollment numbers indicate.
More important, we know that many of the people getting insurance are very, very happy to have it. In the fall, when insurers began sending notices of rate increases and plan cancellations, all we heard about was people unhappy with—and in many cases angry about—their new options. Now, however, we are increasingly hearing stories about people who are saving money and, in some cases, getting access to health care they’ve desperately needed for a long time.
Adam Peterson’s life is about to change. For the first time in years, he is planning to do things he could not have imagined. He intends to have surgery to remove his gallbladder, an operation he needs to avoid another trip to the emergency room. And he’s looking forward to running a marathon in mid-January along the California coast without constant anxiety about what might happen if he gets injured.
These plans are possible, says Peterson, who turned 50 this year and co-manages a financial services firm in Champaign, Ill., because of a piece of plastic the size of a credit card that arrived in the mail the other day: a health insurance card. …
Dan Munstock knows this. A 62-year-old retiree in Greenville, Tenn., he hasn’t had insurance since he left his job as a crisis counselor in Miami six years ago. He lives on Social Security income of less than $15,000 a year. Although he does not know of any major ailments, he would like a checkup because, he said, “you can seem fine until the day you drop over with something.”
Like thousands of other Americans, Munstock ran into technical problems with the federal Web site before managing to pick a health plan Dec. 1. He qualified for a federal subsidy to help him afford the insurance, so he has to pay just $87.57 a month toward his premium. After his welcome packet from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Tennessee arrived in the mail, Munstock was so eager to finish the process of enrolling and getting an insurance card that he picked up the phone to pay the first premium instead of using the mail.
“It felt really good,” he said. Paying toward his own insurance, he said, gives him “a certain dignity,” a feeling that he is not “one of the takers.” The next day, he called the doctor’s office. His appointment for a physical is Jan. 2. …
Like the stories of rate hikes and plan cancellations, anecdotes of people gaining insurance or saving money will frequently prove more complicated than they seem at first blush. Some people will discover they owe more out-of-pocket costs than they imagined, because of high deductibles and co-payments. Some won’t be able to see the doctors they want, because plans have limited networks of providers. Some will haggle with insurers over particular bills or services. And that’s not to mention the many other trade-offs in the law—like higher taxes on the wealthy, cuts to various industry groups, higher premiums for some people buying their own coverage, and other steps that made possible the law’s expansion of health insurance.
But nobody ever promised that Obamacare would solve all of the health care system’s ills—or that it would come without costs of its own. The goal has always been to make insurance more widely available, so that more people had access to care and protection from crippling medical bills, while beginning the difficult work of reengineering medical care to make it more efficient. The new enrollment numbers should give us new reason to think it will. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '9eb899da053abd475a7e9e077dae2ef349cc867fb9ceeb30dc2ff40f54fb2477'} |
Diabetes is a disease that affects your body’s ability to produce or use insulin. Insulin is a hormone. When your body turns the food you eat into energy (also called sugar or glucose), insulin is released to help transport this energy to the cells. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '41', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9339550137519836}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '169958', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:S63K76GX2NZGQQ5X7O32W3HT6WQHM67Z', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:94f8d283-3af1-4fda-8f70-db3008873913>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 8, 10, 21, 31, 39), 'WARC-IP-Address': '45.33.97.12', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:W62JBRL5IIR2V4JD22UXGUDAK33VHHV7', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a52357ee-c569-4b54-941a-aed49b9097f9>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://thcphysicians.com/medical-conditions/diabetes/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:1d658371-4feb-4b2c-b9b6-294d48b58654>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '56', 'url': 'https://thcphysicians.com/medical-conditions/diabetes/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-34\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for August 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-75.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.9478910565376282', 'original_id': 'ddfe95e86fbd981a74b0401b2f278bc077669904540d20186cbacffe39816568'} |
Q:
clGetDeviceIds returns -1
I'm running Ubuntu Lucid with ATI Radeon Mobility 4800 HD. 3D support works (i.e. OpenGL applications run at normal speed), but when I'm trying to use OpenCL it fails:
#include <CL/opencl.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#define CL_SAFE_CALL( call ) { \
cl_int err = call; std::cerr << "EC: " << err << std::endl; \
if(CL_SUCCESS != err){ \
std::cerr << "Unsuccesful OpenCL call " << __FILE__ << " : " << __LINE__ << std::endl; \
exit(EXIT_FAILURE); \
} }
// OpenCL platform
cl_platform_id platform;
char* getPlatformInfo(cl_platform_id platform, cl_platform_info paramName){
size_t infoSize = 0;
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetPlatformInfo(platform, paramName, 0, NULL, &infoSize) );
char* info = (char*)malloc(infoSize);
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetPlatformInfo(platform, paramName, infoSize, info, NULL) );
return info;
}
cl_platform_id createPlatform(){
cl_platform_id platform;
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetPlatformIDs(1, &platform, NULL));
std::cout << getPlatformInfo(platform, CL_PLATFORM_VERSION) << std::endl;
return platform;
}
// OpenCL devices of the platform
cl_device_id device_id;
void* getDeviceInfo(cl_device_id device_id, cl_device_info paramName){
size_t infoSize = 0;
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetDeviceInfo(device_id, paramName, 0, NULL, &infoSize) );
char* info = (char*)malloc(infoSize);
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetDeviceInfo(device_id, paramName, infoSize, info, NULL) );
return info;
}
cl_device_id createDevice(cl_platform_id platform, cl_device_type type){
cl_device_id device_id;
// THIS IS LINE 44:
CL_SAFE_CALL( clGetDeviceIDs(platform, type, 1, &device_id, NULL) );
cl_uint* max_compute_units = (cl_uint*)getDeviceInfo(device_id, CL_DEVICE_MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS);
std::cout << "Max compute units: " << *max_compute_units << std::endl;
return device_id;
}
int main(void){
std::cerr << "createDevice:" << std::endl;
platform = createPlatform();
std::cerr << "createDevice:" << std::endl;
device_id = createDevice(platform, CL_DEVICE_TYPE_GPU);
}
The following:
~$ g++ -o test test.cc -lOpenCL
~$ ./test
createDevice:
EC: 0
EC: 0
EC: 0
OpenCL 1.2 AMD-APP (923.1)
createDevice:
EC: -1
Unsuccesful OpenCL call test.cc : 44
I had libOpenCl from installations and I apt-get opencl-headers. Any suggestions?
A:
An error code of -1 actually means CL_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND (look in the cl.h in your include\CL folder for reference). This might mean several things:
What is your GPU video driver? Check if it does not support OpenCL at all.
Is your driver up-to-date? Check if you have the latest version.
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '50724ba3b3ac32eb816b7e26b082143748657775460e4fb13eb0dba227c64b8a'} |
Tuesday, June 8, 2010
Titus Twosday! Modesty 2010 part 2
This Titus Twosday is all about modesty in 2010. Some of you read my previous post on this topic. This time I really want to hear from you! So if you have read this much of this post you have to comment! DEAL! Okay I am going to ask some questions and you can answer any one of them or all of them. That is your choice. Here we go!!!
1. What is most disturbing to you about people dressed immodest?
2. How does immodesty effect you as a believer? Do you have to pay special attention to guard your heart? What are the specific ways in which you do that?
3. Is there a general standard for everyone, or is there room for "if you got it flaunt it"?
4. Do you think most people dressed immodestly are aware of their possible offense and disturbance...or more importantly that they may be lead another into sin?
5. is there a limit to one individuals responsibility to..."not cause a brother to stumble"? Example...someone in your church says it causes them to sin when you wear green. You are completely covered but they are lead to sin because of some childhood deal. What is your responsibility as a believer to help that other believer in their sin?
Okay I think that is enough for now.....
Here is a sneak peak at what we will be talking about in the next few weeks.
Can a woman be a missionary (outside the home) and have a family? What is a woman's role in the command to go and make disciples?
Excited to hear from you all!
Amanda said...
#1 - I'm in Norway. The new way to beat the heat is just to ditch the clothes all together. I've seen many lovely bras lately - climbing mountains and at the beach. The worst offender was the old man in a thong today (bleck!) It has been interesting to observe the European mindset. Generally speaking, I don't think they care much about exposed skin or sex but they are adamantly against violence (it is illegal to spank your children in this country). I don't want to cause my brother to stumble (!) but I've wondered lately how much of it is cultural.
Nicolle said...
Amanda I think you have a point. America is so different from other countries in how they view nudity. I may save some of these thought for another post because I think I am full of them. However at any rate we need to be aware of how we can make another stumble.
joven said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Amy said...
I'm not really disturbed by people that aren't believers being immodest. I'm most disturbed when believers dress immodest. The immodesty among Christians can be astounding. You'd think going to church would be a safe place, but in reality it can be one of the most dangerous places for igniting lust among our brothers.
2. a) How does immodesty effect you as a believer? b) Do you have to pay special attention to guard your heart? c) What are the specific ways in which you do that?
a) I am committed to modesty. I'm not actively looking for immodesty so that I can point it out, it typically blatantly "pops up" in my face. When I see immodesty among other Christian women I don't really know how to approach it. Some people shove it off as being legalistic. We have freedom in Christ, yes, but we absolutely do not have the freedom to wear what we please. That is just selfish: "You are not your own, for you were bought with a price." 1 Corinthians 6:20.
b/c) I have my husband look over everything I buy and I want his honest opinion. If there is any hint of immodesty it is returned without question. I am thankful for his scrutiny and am supremely grateful that I have a husband who will not let me leave the house with something questionable on. What an act of love to protect so many hearts!
Modesty is a heart issue. You can be covered head to toe and still be immodest.
Flirty? You're being immodest! It's not a personality trait! God doesn't call us to "flirt" with anyone, except our husbands. I've heard Christian ladies describe themselves as flirts and I have had to pick my jaw up off the ground. A flirt is defined as:
*talk or behave amorously, without serious intentions.
*a seductive woman who uses her sex appeal to exploit men.
*behave carelessly or indifferently
*playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest
Women of God! We are not called to do that! Absolutely not!!
Another aspect of immodesty are your eyes! Believe it or not, just like body language, your eyes can say so much without your mouth ever speaking a word. As can your walk and your conduct* (*manner of acting or controlling yourself).
Loud, boisterous? 1 Peter 3:4 says "You should clothe yourselves instead with the beauty that comes from within, the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit, which is so precious to God." (NLT). Nothing wrong with being out-going or adventurous, we are each created with unique personalities, but should keep those within the realms of pleasing God.
Carefully think out your actions, guard your hearts ladies! Let your heart be for no other than for your own husband and for Christ Jesus!
Amy said...
Definitely not cool with "if you got it flaunt it". Thighs, boobs, tight pants/shirts...call me legalistic, but I've read lots of articles, listened to several different programs, and straight up asked my husband "how much is too much?" and there should be very tight (no pun intended) boundaries. Personally I cannot wear a top that shows even the tops of my boobs. If they're peaking out they're teasing someone and I don't even want to know what thoughts would occur if I bent down. By covering up my most private places it's protecting me, my husband, other men, their wives, and it's giving glory to God! What Christian woman doesn't want that?
It's just flat out disrespectful too. You certainly wouldn't want your man looking at another woman. It would grieve me to know I had been making another woman's husband stumble. And it makes me sad for my husband and friends when they cause him to stumble. Respect and protection...now that is God glorifying and loving!
5. Is there a limit to one individuals responsibility to..."not cause a brother to stumble"?
I'm combining these two questions into one big answer.
I think a lot of immodesty in believers is from pure ignorance. I think we use the "culture" as a guideline instead of the Word of God. I think lots of woman take the side of "It's not my problem that he can't control himself." Let me tell you something, it absolutely is your problem!
Amy said...
The remaining answer is an excerpt from Nancy Leigh DeMoss' "Modesty: Does God Really Care What I Wear?: Mixed Messages". Please take the time to read it. It's a good, easy read and so enlightening! *The bold font is her emphasis, not mine*
"We used the word picture that I got from Richard Baxter who was a pastor during the 1600s who said that "we as women need to walk in this world as if we were holding a candle walking into a room filled with straw or gunpowder."
We need to be so careful that we don't by our carelessness or our suggestiveness or anything about our appearance or our behavior, that we don't light a match to fuel fleshly or sinful lust on the part of men. And that this is part of our responsibility as women.
I tell you one of the reasons is that we are a family. In the Scripture, particularly in the New Testament, you see this concept of believers as being part of a family. We have relationships with one another, and we have to take care of each other and look after each other.
I'm thinking of the verse in 1 Timothy 5 that says, "Treat younger men like brothers, and older women like mothers, younger women like sisters, in [all] purity" (verses 1-2, NIV). You see, in the family of God, we are a family. That means we have to take care of each other, to think in terms of others and not just ourselves.
Amy said...
So we come today to another principle or a set of principles that relate to this matter of modesty that affect the way that we dress. Let's just put it under the umbrella calling it: the principle of edification.
The principle of edification. To edify means “to build up, to encourage, to strengthen.” In the Scripture we're told that we have a responsibility in the family of God to build one another up, to help each other, not just to live for ourselves. Hebrews chapter 10 tells us in verse 24, "Let us consider [think about] how to stir up one another to love and good works."
When we as women go into our churches or to the workplace, you go into your school, do you go thinking, “ How can I encourage these men to be more godly?” I’m a candle walking into that room. I have a lot of power, a lot of influence. And if I use that candle in the wrong way, I may cause a fire. I may cause an explosion.
The principle of edification says, "I'm willing to live according to the law of love." What is the law of love? It says, "I have a commitment to do what is best for others rather than wanting to live my life selfishly, just doing what pleases me." Romans 13 tells us that "Love does no wrong to a neighbor, therefore love is the fulfilling of the law" (verse 10).
You see, if you have rightly loved the men around you, the men in the Body of Christ, then you have fulfilled the law of God. The law of love says, "I don't want to defraud the men who are in my life, the men that God puts around me.
Now, what does it mean to defraud. That’s kind of an old-fashioned word that may not be familiar to everybody. It’s a word that means “to deceive, to lead someone on.” It means “to create an expectation that you cannot righteously fulfill; one who dresses in such a way that teases or tantalizes or tempts the men around her."
So as a woman dresses or walks or conducts herself in such a way that says, "I'm available; here's my body. Here's an invitation; come to my party," and then she says, "I don't really want you at my party. I didn't mean it. Oh, I don’t want to do that! I don't want to get sexually involved; I just wanted to dress in such a way that I was sending you an invitation." Then he says, "I'm accepting your invitation. I'm coming to your party."
She says, "Oh, no, no, that's not what I had in mind." You know what she just did. She defrauded that man. She created an expectation that she could not righteously fulfill Most Christian women I think don't realize when they're sending an invitation. They don't set out to defraud for the most part.
Now there are some women who do it intentionally and consciously, but I think most Christian women are kind of clueless when it comes to some of these things. We're just fitting in; we're just doing what everyone else does. We're doing what comes naturally and don't realize that we are defrauding.
You see, we are a part of a family, and we are responsible for those in our family who are weak. In many cases, that relates to the men. Now that doesn't make them stupid or foolish. It doesn't mean that we aren't weak; we're just weak in different areas as men and women.
Romans 15, verse 1 tells us: "We who are strong have an obligation to bear with the failings of the weak, and not to please ourselves." Ladies, I don’t know how else to say it except to say, “If you’re in the family of God, if you’re a child of God, you have an obligation not to live for yourself.”
So in answer to the question, "Why should I have to change my clothing just because the guys around me can't handle it?" The answer to that is that we're family. We have an obligation to bear with the failings of weak and not to please ourselves.
Amy said...
So Romans 15 goes on, verse 2 "Let each of us please his neighbor for his good, to build him up." There's that word to edify him. "For even Christ did not please himself, but as it is written, 'The reproaches of those who reproached you fell on me'” (verse 3).
You see, some men in this world and some men even in our churches are wicked. They have wicked hearts, wicked intentions, and they will lust after women regardless of what you can do to prevent it. So in the case of those men, why would you want to help them sin? Why you would want to put further temptation in their path? (Italization mine, I never considered this!)
But then there's a whole other category of men. I think there are a lot of these men in our churches. Men who are not wicked men. They have a heart for God; they want to be godly men; they're not wicked. But as one writer says, "Your brethren in Christ may be weak." Just weak.
I think David is an illustration of that. The Scripture says "He was a man after God's own heart" (see Acts 13:22). He was a man who wanted to please the Lord. He didn't get up that morning and say, "I think I'm going to lust after a woman. I think I'm going to commit adultery. I think I'm going to kill this man so I can have his wife." He didn't have wicked intent initially, but he was weak. He was particularly weak in the presence of an undressed woman, and most men would be.
I read a powerful article; it's anonymous, by a man. The article was called “ The Sin of Bathsheba,” and let me read to you a portion of what he says in that article. He says,
Your brethren in Christ may be weak, and the devil does all he can do to weaken them further. They're forced to live in a world where they are continually bombarded with sights, which are designed by the enemy of their souls to weaken their morals and destroy their purity of heart, and must Christian women help the devil to do his work? Must they make themselves a temptation to their brethren, even in the congregation of God?
Oh that you women could understand the fierce and bitter conflict in the souls of your brethren when you arouse their desires by the careless display of your feminine beauty. Never again would you plead for your right to dress as you please.
The fact is you have no such right. You have no right to destroy by your careless dress, the brother for whom Christ died. “You were bought with a price and are not your own” (see 1 Corinthians 6:20).
You are duty bound to glorify God in your body, to clothe that body not as you will but as God wills, and a little love for the souls of your brethren would remove forever from your heart the desire to dress as you please.
As Jesus said to us in Luke chapter 17, verse 1, "It's inevitable that stumbling blocks should come [there's going to be women in this world who dress sensually], but woe to those through whom they come!" (NASB).
Don’t think that you have to look like one of the models in Cosmopolitan magazine to be sexually stimulating to guys. In fact, in an upcoming session we’re going to talk about the specifics of things that many Christian women wear that are often sexually stimulating to men." (This is the end of the excerpt).
I encourage you all to listen to this series.
Again, absolutely no condemnation, no finger-pointing. There is no one in particular that I am speaking too. It's in my heart to send this to you all and I hope you can receive it with grace and take something from it.
In Christ,
Amy DiGiacomo
StillSearching said...
I love the title of your blog! You can check mine out here:
Nicolle said...
Thanks Amy for all you insight! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '132', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9780855774879456}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '99421', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:HEIBQQXU6WVWKTLJKHZEN6H2SSJP5Z4V', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:61615a5f-d974-4e89-a91b-88c8e599dcca>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 3, 25, 5, 55, 46), 'WARC-IP-Address': '216.58.217.161', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:D3DGVHGGUECWZMDMV24D4UBC74N2BX4H', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:6c57ae93-d083-4cc7-acb5-bac2fc7d43da>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://womanonthevine.blogspot.com/2010/06/titus-twosday-modesty-2010-part-2.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:a56042e6-e6e0-40cb-bb8c-2ead950c5f80>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '2843', 'url': 'http://womanonthevine.blogspot.com/2010/06/titus-twosday-modesty-2010-part-2.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-13\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.09809815883636475', 'original_id': 'ec1b7dd454f8696c8013836a133d78106d8f5ac0fdf264fbb3879e349c62e272'} |
tell me why
I don't like mondays...
The sky is grey and dreary, the world has a sleeply mournfulness to it that will drag on throughout the day. After a glourious weekend London woke up to rain and the reminder that living on an island means very changable weather. Thank heavens for the gulf stream otherwise it would be a hell of alot worse.
Don't misunderstand me someday's like rain, it gives you an excuse to hide indoors and take a bubble bath. Or you can curl up on the sofa with a book while rain echoes on the window plane. Guiltless in the knowledge, there is no use going outside. For some unknown reason the rain reminds me of 'La Valse d'Amélie' (but only the piano version, which I think is 'the waltz in Amelie' from that lovely movie). I can hear it running in the background of my thoughts and wisking my mind away to a fictional Paris encapsulated by a green hue, with cobbled streets and a wandering garden knome.
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Research output: Contribution to journalArticle
15 Scopus citations
Identification of novel drug targets is a critical step in drug development. Many recent studies have produced multiple types of data, which provides an opportunity to mine the relationships among them to predict drug targets. In this study, we present a novel integrative approach that combines ontology reasoning with network-assisted gene ranking to predict new drug targets. We utilized colorectal cancer (CRC) as a proof-of-concept use case to illustrate the approach. Starting from FDA-approved CRC drugs and the relationships among disease, drug, gene, pathway, and SNP in an ontology representing PharmGKB data, we inferred 113 potential CRC drug targets. We further prioritized these genes based on their relationships with CRC disease genes in the context of human protein-protein interaction networks. Thus, among the 113 potential drug targets, 15 were selected as the promising drug targets, including some genes that are supported by previous studies. Among them, EGFR, TOP1 and VEGFA are known targets of FDA-approved drugs. Additionally, CCND1 (cyclin D1), and PTGS2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) have reported to be relevant to CRC or as potential drug targets based on the literature search. These results indicate that our approach is promising for drug target prediction for CRC treatment, which might be useful for other cancer therapeutics.
Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numberbav015
StatePublished - 2015
ASJC Scopus subject areas
• Information Systems
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• Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all)
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Looking for Pacino
Al Pacino looks me directly in the eye when he talks to me.
Of course, it doesn't hurt that he and I are about the same height. Or both lack height, that is. We both stand around 5 feet, 6 inches. That, sadly for me, is where the similarity ends.
When I was acting in a play called Tony N' Tina's Wedding (search) in New York City several years ago, a few of my fellow castmates and I tossed around ideas for a movie we were going to make called Looking for Pacino
Named loosely for the Pacino-directed Looking for Richard (search), it was about three unemployed actors so obsessed with their favorite screen star, each would take on the persona of their favorite Pacino character and then stalk the real Pacino.
I was always Michael Corleone of The Godfather, Pat was Tony Montana of Scarface and Rocco was Vincent Hanna, the gritty cop in the Pacino/Robert De Niro flick, Heat
"You straightened my brother out?" "You Cock-a-roash." "Gimme all you got!"
You get the idea.
We never did write that movie, and like so many other faces come and gone, I never really saw much of those guys after ending my run in the play. But I did get to meet Pacino twice, while covering the Tribeca Film Festival (search) for Fox Magazine and Foxnews.com the past two years.
What struck me most about the legendary actor is how giving he is. Even as festival co-founder De Niro dashes up the red carpet with barely a wave, Pacino stops at every camera, every microphone, every notepad. If not for his publicist, he might still be out there.
"Get me in front of the cameras and I can't stop," Pacino says apologetically as his publicist pulls him away. He was about to be late for a Q&A session at a festival screening of his latest self-directed film, Chinese Coffee (search), starring Pacino and Law and Order star Jerry Orbach.
Pacino cancelled that night's Broadway performance of Salome (search), in which he stars, to make the appearance.
After the film, a woman from the audience approached a microphone to talk to Pacino, who sat onstage taking questions under a blue spotlight. Her body shook as she tried to say something. Eventually the words came out of her mouth as quickly as the tears streamed down her face.
"It was so incredible. Thank you," she said. Pacino smiled broadly, and with that creased face and those sharp green eyes we've all seen so many times on the silver screen, he embraced her.
"I'm glad I'm not alone, because it [the piece] had the same affect on me the first time I saw it at the Actor's Studio," he said. The rest of the Q&A had a similar give and take, as would any theater filled with Corleones, Montanas and Hannas.
It's not surprising then, that Pacino was voted the greatest actor of all time (search) in a recent United Kingdom poll. His Heat and Godfather II co-star, De Niro, was voted number two.
Recalling the year Pacino and De Niro presented a Best Picture Oscar (search) together, I asked him if he too felt the Earth move the way I do, whenever he and De Niro are in the same room.
"I never really thought about it," he said. "I've known Bobby since he was this big," gesturing a small boy. "Bob's a great artist, and a great fellow," he said, noting the Tribeca Film Festival and all it stands for, with its mission of reviving the lower Manhattan spirit and economy after September 11.
In only its second year of existence, the TFF is a force to be reckoned with, boasting film entries from all over the world, a giant family street festival, an MTV-sponsored concert and some of the world's biggest stars.
Pacino, a native New Yorker, wouldn't be anywhere else. In his final words of the evening, he gave some inspiration to the crowd full of aspiring filmmakers, actors and fans.
"What you have to do is find a way to make it for yourself," he said. "Despite all the obstacles and all the people saying you can't do it -- you can find a way if you truly have something to say."
Actors, for the most part, usually have something to say. De Niro is unique among them, because inexplicably, he shuns the media spotlight. Friends say he's shy, although he's probably seen his share of love and hate from members of the fourth estate, and keeps his distance in order to keep his sanity.
Take A.O. Scott's recent article in The New York Times. In a piece titled "Seen This Guy Lately?" (search) about De Niro's pal Pacino, Scott praises Pacino in a backhanded sort of way.
"His [Pacino's] reputation as one of our finest actors survives in spite of the mediocrity of so many of his projects," Scott writes. He goes on to dissect and analyze Pacino the actor and Pacino the person.
What film critics like Scott, and his Times colleague Elvis Mitchell, don't quite get is that the average filmgoer doesn't take movies as seriously as they do. Being a film critic, however, is serious business. After all, it puts food on their tables, and their love for words and essay structure is something to be cherished, particularly Mitchell's, albeit with a dictionary close by.
For most of us, though, a movie is just a movie. It's an event we go to to help take our minds off of the reality of our own lives and the world around us. Rarely do today's mainstream films speak to social conditions as effectively as they did in the early days of the medium.
Hollywood movies, for the most part, are pure entertainment. But that's not really a bad thing. In them we find reasons to make them our own, like the words to our favorite songs.
When I was a wrestler in high school it was a movie called Vision Quest that inspired me to take to the mat, much like The Insider (search) inspires the TV news producer in me today. And I can watch them over and over again whenever the need to relive the glory days arises, or to help reinvigorate what I do today.
Movies are so much more than their box-office receipts. They are more than the nuances of filmmaking or the motivation of their origins, and more than just their reviews.
They inspire. They distract. They entertain. And that's why movies are important.
Pacino is one of the ambassadors to our dreams. Thanks, Al.
Mike Straka is the project manager for FOX News' Internet operations and contributes as a features reporter and producer on FOX Magazine (Sundays 11 p.m. on FNC) and as a reporter and columnist for FOXnews.com.
Respond to the Writer | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9650799036026}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '33180', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:4DUJ4NUPVDG7KVOQFGNWLIYGFTEMEGUY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:c58f404b-7b1a-4dae-98f1-f5fe6c53f984>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 6, 13, 15), 'WARC-IP-Address': '23.50.134.124', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:VTRCVORMQUHUJQRZHVAVT7ASNINHKONV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:9ff7624d-a2ae-4e3f-8ee8-967516f7b06d>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/05/15/looking-for-pacino.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:22cf0c84-314c-4a1b-8b9f-111f4fc7644e>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1068', 'url': 'http://www.foxnews.com/story/2003/05/15/looking-for-pacino.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-39\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-37-160-190.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.025107741355895996', 'original_id': 'df159ada10f3c6470341fc89df3089325009b98cba9a38d0f5ce76e3642cd90e'} |
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Why Obama will be most hated president in US history ever to get re-elected
There is little argument that becoming the President of the United States of America is no small achievement. While many have aspired to become the most powerful leader in the free world, few have succeeded. Within the two centuries of this country's existence, only 44 men have accomplished this feat so far; Barack Obama is one of them.
Obama's journey to the highest office in the land, has all the elements of a Hollywood movie plot. From his childhood to his election to the Senate, to defeating a vastly more experienced opponent and becoming president, Obama seemingly beat all odds. Add that to the fact that he is the first African-American to be elected to the office in U.S. history and you have everything to make a great screenplay. However, without all of the dramatic connotations, Obama's meteoric rise to fame takes on another form.
Let us take another look at the circumstances surrounding the election of Barack Obama.
At the time, America was in the throes of one of the worst economic meltdowns in history and George Bush 2.0 was on his second term in office. The country was embroiled in two wars and the current administration was being lambasted because of its decidedly secretive behavior. The Bush administration had already committed the nation to a perpetual state of conflict dubbed "The War on Terror" with no end in sight. Bush said that America would hunt down and take out those deemed by the U.S. as terrorists wherever they were--even if it meant invading another sovereign nation.
With most of the country still reeling from the 9/11 attacks, many supported this doctrine; not even realizing that Bush had effectively unofficially declared war on the entire world. Thus began the era of secret CIA interrogation camps, kidnapping, torture, and imprisonment of thousands of Muslims throughout the world... all in the name of national security. A fast-sinking economy along with record-high fuel prices, also did nothing to endear Bush or the GOP with the masses. The first decade of the new millennium was truly filled with many discontented souls. Then came election time... enter, Barack "Yes We Can" Obama.
Obama entered the fray squeaky-clean. Not since the the likes of "Honest Abe" Lincoln and George "I Cannot Tell a Lie" Washington, had there been a candidate with as much integrity. Even in this modern age of instant background checks, no one could tarnish Obama's shiny suit of armor. There were no stories of illicit business deals, marital infidelity, or any of the other things the muckrakers always seem to dig up on political figures. Then came the citizenship controversy. If nothing could impeach his perceived integrity, then why not impeach the man altogether?
And now let us move on to the election itself. Here we see Obama at first opposing none other than Hillary, the wife of, Bill "I did not inhale" Clinton for the Dem nomination. Since Mrs. Clinton has no doubt at some point influenced presidential policy due to being a president's wife for eight years, it seemed appropriate that she faced the upstart Obama for the shot at the Oval Office. Of course it also didn't hurt that Clinton had demonstrated her own political savvy by getting herself elected to the Senate. Unfortunately for Clinton and fortunately for Obama, there was a large demographic that apparently was not yet ready to see a woman in a bid for this nation's highest office.
Now let us move across the aisle to the opposition. Here we have Sen. John "A Leader You Can Believe In etc." McCain; experienced statesman, war hero, and self-proclaimed champion of freedom, justice, and the American way. OK well maybe that last part was Superman but anyway, in terms of sheer political experience, McCain was a vastly superior opponent. Then in a move that will likely leave pundits scratching their heads for the next century or so, McCain chooses Sarah "I Was Once A Beauty Queen" Palin as his running mate. Not saying that Palin was a bad person but she may have just had a bit too much drama in her life for the American people to choose as a VP and possible successor to the presidency. It also didn't help matters that Palin's teenaged daughter became pregnant out of wedlock, which was a not-so-conservative thing to do.
Although not trying to take anything away from Obama's solid achievements, we also begin to see there were other things at work which lead to his election. A terrible economy, along with war and other issues pushed voters in the seemingly only logical direction and so, Obama became president.
Nearly four years later, the public seems almost as disillusioned with Obama as they were with Bush 2.0, and in many ways rightfully so. Failed socio-economic policies along with broken promises have led to the disenchantment of many voters.
As with virtually every U.S. president there are those who hate Obama. Some may hate him for his failed policies, others because he is a Democrat. Sadly however, there are those who hate him simply because he is African-American; probably making him the most hated president in the nation's history. And let us not forget the other half of this "dynamic duo", Joe "Put ya'll all back in chains" Biden, whose off the cuff remarks have only served to infuriate large sections of the masses.
Now we fast-forward to the present election. Once again we have the unhappy masses and a damaged economy. One would think this would be the time for the GOP to seize the moment and what do they do? Why nominate Mitt "I Like Special Interests and Big Government" Romney of course. Once again they have engaged in the same self-sabotaging tactics that their party has become known for. Romney's selection of Paul "The Body" Ryan is almost as baffling as McCain's selection in the previous election.
Maybe the GOP secretly wants Obama to win again. Maybe it's part of a long-term strategy by the GOP to let this country sink so far into the ground, that we will never elect another Democrat again. Or, maybe they are as out of touch as the liberals say they are. Whatever the case may be, we may as well prepare for another four years of "Change we can believe in". After all, better the devil you know than the devil you don't. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9812442064285278}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '22521', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:2JRPXQUWZRNDPXPYO6DH3VBYR6BF4QOQ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d310f9fb-ea32-481a-b7e0-acff259f9f93>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 1, 12, 41, 51), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.131.194.109', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:V2ZWTT7PVST3S62FNQ5RAEUJJGQQD3DA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:8d5e8c59-76a6-474a-9740-f31d45ace646>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.allvoices.com/article/12896106', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b6cba86c-532c-43ee-ad07-812f3052de9f>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1071', 'url': 'http://www.allvoices.com/article/12896106', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2015-11\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for February 2015\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.07950043678283691', 'original_id': '9cd37af5c8c65668abee19da20bfd345573e47eab97ecff7ed60d1c99a72a35b'} |
Thursday, January 24, 2013
So Your Kid Wants to be an Artist
One of the things I hear frequently from enthusiastic parents goes something like this:
My son/daughter loves to draw (He/she draws all the time… always has a pencil in her/his hand… can just look at something in a magazine and draw it… doodles on everything… draws so well, it looks just like they took a picture with a camera… has turned our refrigerator into an art gallery, etc.).
Then comes the inevitable question, the one that makes me wince:
“What Art School should my child attend?”
First of all, let me say that these parents are already doing perhaps the most important thing they can do to assure success for their aspiring creative. They’re allowing their children to be creative, and, beyond that, to actually consider a career in the arts. Parents like these are rare.
Why should they even consider Art as an educational option?
There are a few reasons worth mentioning. Well-trained artists exhibit a level of discipline that rivals that seen in any other trade or learned profession – and they do it largely without external motivation. Few of us are in this business for the money.
Creative people solve problems. We do it every day. We look at the world differently, recognize roadblocks early, and generate solutions to issues that the average person will never encounter in a lifetime. Problem-solving skills are not limited to the drawing board or the dance floor. They are just as easily adapted to the boardroom and factory floor.
Supporting a child in their desire to be a trained artist validates that student’s choices in life, and will make everybody a lot happier than automatically insisting on “Getting a ‘Real Degree’, for a ‘Real Job’, just in case things don't work out.”
Those who are able to make a living from their creative energies, even for a short while, will experience a level of fulfillment that is difficult to achieve in the employ of someone else. And when we emerge from our studios, working artists also enjoy the company of a stimulating mix of talented people, of a stripe and color that seldom thrives in a corporate environment, who by their very nature represent a wider sample of cultural thought and human experience.
Art schools are not often in the business
of creating productive artists.
Why should these parents be wary of an arts education?
Ironically, a degree from an art school seldom provides the tools an artist will need to make a living in their chosen field.
Art schools are not often in the business of creating productive artists. If they were, they would produce more graduates that actually make a living creating art. My unofficial sources tell me that as many as 95% of students with a degree in art wind up doing something else with their lives. (That’s a lot. It seems likely that if this were happening in medical schools or law schools, some kind of official investigation would already be underway.)
I’ll let the statisticians argue over the actual numbers, but it is not out of bounds to say that most, in fact nearly all, of the people with a degree in art wind up doing something else professionally. Many will find that their professional options are quite limited, since an art degree rarely prepares a person for anything other than making art. Making art, it turns out, is not a widely marketable skill.
It’s also worth mentioning that artists seldom get the respect they deserve, a phenomenon discussed in a little more detail in a previous post.
With such a long-wended introduction, it should come as no surprise to learn that my usual answer to the question ‘What art school should I send my child to?’ is, ‘Why send them to art school at all?’ At least as a first resort.
I want my child to have the tools needed
to be a self-sufficient, professional
artist when she/he is forty.
I know – it sounds so reasonable, so logical: My kid wants to be an artist. I want him/her to have an education. Ergo: I need to send my kid to art school.
Not so fast, Mom & Dad. What you really meant to say is perhaps something like this: My kid wants to be an artist. I want him/her to have the tools needed to be a self-sufficient, professional artist when she/he is forty.
Ergo: My kid needs a real education, before heading off to art school.
Look, parents, if your children have the art bug, there is nothing you can do to prevent them from making art. It’s what we do. We will create our music, write our stories and poems, draw and paint our pictures whether you help or not. If you are able to help, we will certainly do more work and better work, since art improves with practice.
Unfortunately, a pure art curriculum will not provide us with the knowledge and skills we need to take our talents into the workforce or the marketplace.
C students can manage a ledger.
Art students have never seen one.
Looking back on more than thirty years as a practicing artist, I can easily state that I was not the best art student in my class, nor am I at all the best draw-er in the business today. Why is it then that I am one of a select few of my classmates who are still creating art, and getting paid for it? Simple. Every one of my successful contemporaries has acquired, somewhere along the line, a functional understanding of business.
Business before pleasure, that’s the key. For me, that knowledge began with an elective course in Business Law (the only business course that I could shoehorn in to a busy premedical class schedule), where I learned to understand legal contracts. That one powerful tool has, more than any other, allowed me to prosper as an artist.
What other courses help artists to become, and grow as professionals? Accounting, of course. English. Algebra. Biology (anatomy in particular). History. Psychology. Any discipline that will train a young artist to think critically, communicate clearly, and place their ideas in a meaningful context. These are the skills that one is supposed to acquire with a college education from any legitimate institution of higher learning. Even if one majors in art.
I can already see college-bound artists (and their parents) grow pale and wide-eyed. ‘I’m good at art, not academics!’ they say. Fine. Take the courses to learn the material, not to become a business major. C students can manage a ledger. Art students have never seen one.
So, back to the question: “What school should my child go to?”
My answer: The best college you can find, that both student and parents can afford. (That last part exposes a little bit of bias on my part. I think that a student values education more when they have some skin in the game. It also encourages a student to learn how to make money early on – good practice for anyone who plans to build a career on the stuff of their own dreams.)
Then, if it still fits into your child’s business plan, by all means send them on to art school. By that time, they’ll be older and wiser, with a better idea of what they want, and what they need to succeed in their chosen career.
1. So true. As a High School art teacher, whenever my students ask my advice about attending college and "becoming an artist," I always tell them- Do yourself a favor, and get a business degree, take all the art electives you want or minor in it. If you are talented and people like your work, that will take care of itself- but you've got to know how to make a living FIRST, and making art is not going to pay the bills- selling it is.
2. Excellent post! I grew up in a family FULL of teachers who placed a high value on my education. Unfortunately, they pressured me to get a "real" job/degree because as they put it, "I would never be able to make a living as an artist". Turns out, they were wrong. I have been making my living with my art in one form or another for 26 years now. However, without the emphasis on education in general from my parents and family, I would have never had the tools needed to be a successful artist! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9718837141990662}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '72445', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5DVGBOJIJXGZQWRVAMEFMCQLSBL6JDBR', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:a1762395-6754-49c3-b552-9799abbc3e76>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 13, 21, 31, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.217.5.225', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NSJQ5LYDN6ZY322IDWF2XNRDI7J4LZD5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:417d70c9-b2f0-46aa-9636-0c57fcb6c26f>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://newdsart.blogspot.com/2013/01/so-your-kid-wants-to-be-artist.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:9db3ca3e-d1c9-4e14-89db-420209087821>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1402', 'url': 'http://newdsart.blogspot.com/2013/01/so-your-kid-wants-to-be-artist.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-143-18-132.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.02191084623336792', 'original_id': 'ba42dab7997d56fed328d7554689aad30df80d91f481e3ff03eadbc9d153f775'} |
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This coming Sunday will be one defining night for either the WWE Universal Champion, Seth Freakin' Rollins, or his tag partner/Universal Championship challenger, Braun Strowman. To be honest, the winner of the match all depends on who gets pinned or does the pinning in their Raw Tag Team Championship Match against Dolph Ziggler and Bobby Roode. Both of them are going through a babyface run. But one of them isn't going to be able to walk out as the good guy anymore.
The next heel turn in WWE is really looking like it's in Seth Rollins' favor. Especially since he claims to be the best wrestler on the planet. Not everyone can pull that off unless if you're the one and only CM Punk, a man who gets cheered and praised for his utter confidence. That doesn't work for Rollins considering the fact that some have described his Universal Championship run as lackluster. He really needs a heel turn in order to gain the love of the fans back once again.
As far as it goes for Braun, he needs a single's title more than anything. He is one of the most deserving wrestlers in the WWE. When he's not in the title picture, he sinks. But when he gets a chance, he knows how to draw the attention of the fans. Braun has had plenty of time to be a heel. It's his time for a title, as many shots as he has had at the Universal Championship and WWE has shut him down for the big win in the end. The downfall is that Clash of Champions is taking place in the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, which isn't but 30 minutes from his hometown and we all know how the unwritten rule goes where you, as a wrestler, aren't always allowed to be victorious in front of your home crowd.
One can only hope and pray for Braun Strowman's title win. It would actually benefit both men if WWE plays the cards well enough. WWE is all about the controversial finishes, too. Hopefully, the match doesn't result in a disqualification or a double countout or something of that nature. It'll make them both look weak and can caused the feud to be dull. Who would you, as a wrestling fan, be pulling for in this matchup? The Monster Among Man or The Beastslayer? Let us know! Stay tuned for WWE Clash of Champions with us on Sunday, September 15th!
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What Makes We Never Learn, A Legend Among Harems?
I love harems, it isn’t a secret. Slow burn series like Nisekoi, chaos series like Trinity Seven, hell I even enjoyed Infinite Stratos to an extent and to be honest this will be the only time I will ever admit that. Harems for me bring some of the most cheesy, stupid, and diverse development to the rom-com genre. Where else would you have a series where each girl (or boy) fills a certain vein that at least someone would love. A character that hits all the right notes is pitted against others that also hit the same notes in their own respect. A lot can be said about the tropes and the general run-of-the-mill recipe these shows go with, and I am not above that criticism. I have been harsh on iseakis for playing by some of these stupid rules that harems do all the time but I pay no mind. But even with all of that, the clot, the same tropes, the fanboying, and staning allows something to breathe within the genre, originals.
I have said this about iseakia’s as well because so many play by the same rules when a show does its own thing it is worth the praise and respect. Few harems really do this. My Teen Comedy SNAFU walks the line of witty humor and development while a similar series Haganai does the same with a lot more sexual undertones. Oreshura said ‘what if we make the main heroine the girlfriend right away’ while Oreimo (god I love that show) played around what it is like to be neck-deep in otaku culture (and then what it’s like to marry your sister) the point I am trying to make that there are plenty of gems that exist within the harem tag, shows that play the part but due to efficient on point development and plot drive makes them stand out from the rest.
But even with the shows I mentioned, mind you those are shows I LOVE, there has been one that stood above all the rest to me. A series that anime was fine, but manga hit every single high I believed possible for a harem. A series that took everything I loved about the genre and tripled down on it, a series I am perfectly fine with stating to this date, is the best harem ever written.
So why would I make such a claim when it comes to We Never Learn? Why would I, someone that has seen and read many harems, boldly claim that this specific one is the golden era of the harem? The answer to that is quite complicated. For those who don’t know, We Never Learn follows the same recipe as Quintessential Quintuplets. It is about some poor guy named Yuiga who is tasked with tutoring these three geniuses. So give a similar plot where do these two massively successful series different?
God, like, everywhere.
The biggest takeaway from Quintuplets to We Never Learn is both the main character and the girls they are tasked with teaching. Fuutarou of Quintuplets is one of the most boring characters I have personally ever read. He is obsessed with learning and studying and doesn’t care about anything else. His family is poor and wants to support them but rarely shows empathy in any situation, in short, he is awkward, unrelatable, and just strange. The sisters for most of the series aren’t much better Nino is a jerk, Itsuki literally is a nonfactor for the whole manga, Ichika starts out strong but quickly becomes a snake, Miku is annoying and Yotsuba Is just a magpie to PCP. Now I want to be clear, I like Quintuplets, Nino has one of the biggest turnarounds in harem history, Miku has some really adorable moments and Ichika, for better or worse, becomes a worthy antagonist. Honestly, I couldn’t give two fucks about the other two but whatever. The weakest point of Quintuplets is, again and again, Fuutarou, even as the girls (eventually) develop into complex and interesting characters in their own right Fuutarou never does, he never really has moments where he seems human, even as the girls confess to him he has no idea how to take it usually just ignoring them and moving on. At least Raku (who is the biggest idiot ever) got flustered, fucked up some words, or blushed at least when one of the girls did something to gain his affection in Nisekoi.
The reason I am hitting on Quintuplets so hard is because it is the best example of how to set up a harem then failing, it just also happens to have the same setup of We Never Learn so it’s easier to compare to two but these are not isolated to one another. Raku as I mentioned is a moron and a half, but he at least has moments where he feels human. Kyousuke from Oreimo is another really likable character, he is just trying to rebuild his relationship with his sister, deep-diving into a world he doesn’t give two fucks about simply because she loves it (wholesome huh?) but even with those who out-pace Fuutarou by miles I don’t think they even touch how much I enjoyed Yuiga, and that is just one small part of why I praise We Never Learn the way I do.
Harem’s as I mentioned usually play by a set of trope rules, these aren’t new. The childhood friend, the tsundere, the himedere, and sometimes a kuudere all shooting their shot to get the love they want. But what matters the most in this genre isn’t the world, isn’t the tropes or quirk’s, but simply the character building. Harems are nothing without the characters that reside within them, they live and die by not only how likable they may be but the relevance they play in the overall story. When your whole story revolves around the reader not only seeing but investing in the characters there is little room for mistake, every quirk, every word, every moment matters, and that is where We Never Learn shines, 187 chapters of every moment mattering.
I want to look at Yuiga first. Yuiga’s whole bit is not alone that original. He was a dumb kid that due to some event worked hard to make sure he can get into college and help his poor family. Been there done that. What really sets the tone for Yuiga is a couple of things, when the reader discovers his dad was a teacher and his ultimate guide to getting better grades, the connection is easier to make. It makes total sense for Yuiga, under the impression of his late father to take up the mantel of the head of the house to make sure his mom and siblings are taken care of.
The second is the general way he interacts with the world. Unlike most harem protags one of the greatest takeaways from Yuiga is he is rather aware of either his own feelings or of the girls around him. Though he has his fair share of airhead moments when it comes down to brass tax he is right when it comes to knowing who and how they feel about any given situation. This is also helped by the fact of how Yuiga is dressed as a decent guy. The decent guy trope is a dead horse in anime but I do think there are good ways to go about it. Being a white knight just because “it is what is right” or “That is my pride as a man” to me, is stupid. I don’t care about your pride or you’re ominous hard-on, I’m looking at you Ikki Kurogane, you can fuck off.
Yuiga finds himself in this interesting middle ground. He helps people out because in the context of the situation it makes sense, and ultimately he as well gets something out of it. Granted that something is usually along the lines of studying or whatever but that isn’t the point. When he goes into a situation there is background, there is reason and there is an outcome that drives either his own incentive or the plot, I am not a study hawk nor have I ever felt most of Yuiga’s driving factors but nonetheless, they made sense to me.
The girls are another thing We Never Learn does damn near perfectly. I want to start with Rizu, mostly because she was my least favorite out of the group. Rizu is a math genius, but one plagued by the death of her grandmother and her inability to understand human emotion. Super logical she dreams of being able to understand what it means to be human, loving the world of the arts instead of mathematics where she thrives. She is one of the first three students Yuiga is tasked with tutoring, she is also the first one to come to terms that she has feelings for him (outside of Uruka I will get to her), and even as my least favorite, Rizu is hardly a pushover.
She feels the role of semi-air head pout girl. She struggles with emotions, usually settings up super awkward conversations and challenging people in logic traps, unable to read the room. Though I personally found her rather annoying her lane made a lot of sense in context to the show overall. She was a bit of a counterweight, she knew she had a thing for Yuiga but wasn’t really sure what it was or how to express it. Since this happens early on it allows the story and those within it to help her along the way, sorting out her feelings as she learns more and more about humanities. Rizu really shines for me in her ability to help the other girls and Yuiga himself. Her hyper-logical way forces people to look within themselves to better address how they explain and or feel about situations, something that alone would make little sense if there wasn’t someone there pushing them along.
My grip with Rizu is pretty simple, she is a brat but not in a tsundere way. Her place is relevant, I cared for her and her story but anytime she was going through one of her fits I found it annoying. But hey, I FELT annoyed, even though it’s a negative connotation I would rather feel that than nothing at all.
Fumino is my personal second favorite, the quiet and charming arts genius she has always loved the stars much like her mom. Though bad at math and science her dream of studying said stars seem just like that, a dream that will never be. Fumino is the anchor. She is the first to understand her friends (the other girls) are falling in love with Yuiga and brings it upon herself to help them out in any way possible. Making her way into the older sister role she finds herself at Yuiga’s side not so much as a pupil or a love interest but an equal, the single thing that makes them have way more intimate moments than anyone else in the series.
I LOVE Fumino for so many reasons. She sweet but doesn’t take bull shit, she is funny as fuck, she goes out of her to make sure those around her are cared for and their issues addressed and does all of this while having one of the most heartbreaking backstories within the series. Fumino like Yuiga has a parent that had passed, one that made a major impact on her life. Fumino’s mom loved the stars and would talk to her daughter night after night about the wonders of it, when she passed, however, the loss of her mom was only one thing.
Heartbroken and unsure what to do Fumino and her dad’s relationships hit the ice hard. They rarely talk and he rarely comes home. He knows of her dreams of studying stars but shames her for it, talking of how her mom was a great mathematician only to have a daughter that can do little more than multiplication. We Never Learn digs hard into this and rightfully so, it’s a gut-wrenching arc, one that made my eyes sting at some of the high points.
Discovering this Yugia does whatever he can to mend their relationship, and what follows is some of the dearest moments in any harem I have ever read. Rather it is them cuddling at night after a certain chain of events that left them alone in a village with no place to stay. Fumino crying in her sleep missing her mother while Yugia comforts her like he has his siblings. Or in the park after her dad finally accepts her dream, the two of them alone on a bench as Fumino lays her head on his shoulder, a moment she asks to last a little longer, a moment where she breaks from her normal “elder sister” role in one of the most endearing way possible. I could talk about Fumino forever but the point is she is an ideal deredere character, as much as I hate to say this there is only one ever I’ve seen that somewhat matches her sweetness, spunk, and overall likability. Mizuhara from Rent A Girlfriend.
Uruka is the swim team ace and plays the role of childhood friend. Knowing Yuiga in middle school he often helped her with her studies, an event that would create feelings within her that play out through the series. I stated Rizu was the first out of the girls to fall in love with Yuiga, I say that because Uruka, all things considering was already in love with him. This is another trope I dislike, childhood friends usually are just super sweet overly nice girls who end up hurting themselves for feelings they never allow to be known. Something that Uruka does early on but something that changes as the story goes on.
As the swim ace, she sucks at all subjects and is the third genius Yuiga is tasked with tutoring. One thing I liked right away is how Uruka is not only with Yuiga but the other geniuses as well as her personal friends. She is a pure-hearted girl who knows what she wants, understands that it might hinder the man she loves future but ultimately (as she should) lets him decide what is best for them. This allows this cute but understandable narrative to play between the two. One that is so fluent that even if as Uruka discovers her best friends are in love with her childhood friend she isn’t jealous, she is actually excited. Thrilled that she has such dear friends that are so close they love the same person.
Okay, so this is where We Never Learn gets kinda tricky but in a good way. We have laid the ground for the main guy and the three main heroines, but here is the thing. There are five heroines.
Enter stage left Asumi Kominami. So Asumi’s whole bit is pretty simple, she is dressed up as a fill-in as Yuiga’s senior he runs into her a summer cram study. It is a moment where Yuiga is mostly away from the other girls, so much he is in another town. Asumi is cool, in a lot of ways. She is quite mature and has a lot to teach Yuiga but like the others, she has a dream that is hard to obtain. Following the footsteps of her father, she wants to run the family clinic. But as any of you will know becoming a doctor is no easy feat, using cram school to get caught up she finds herself between working a part-time job, studying, and getting help/ helping Yuiga along the way. It is a nice turn, up until this point only Uruka had a moment to teach her mentor but that was to swim. Asumi is not only capable but willing to push both her and Yuiga. She was a nice addition that stayed around for the rest of the series, becoming a somewhat aid to the tutor extraordinaire and teases master in her own right.
If I had to put her in line I’d say Asumi is easily my fourth behind Fumino and Uruka. Oh, I guess I should talk about my favorite.
So, there is something that exists within manga that is a bit taboo, something that I have talked about recently in my post about Koikimo. The infamous age gap. Now I want to make something clear, I don’t care about it in most cases. I’ve mentioned Domestic Girlfriend, I don’t see Hina as a threat because Natsuo seems to understand how and what is going on. This is a mess to jump into and I will be vague but I do find this romance, in some context, adorable, as I have with this series.
Mafuyu Kirisu is a student counselor and world history teacher at the school all the students currently or have studied. Mafuyu fills an interesting role to me that isn’t present for most harem anime. She is the adult, I mean literally and figuratively. Without a doubt, my favorite Mafuyu is cold, precise, and cares deeply for her students even though that doesn’t always seem to be the case.
The final heroine in the lineup Mafuyu is complicated in a lot of ways. She is the oldest, she understands that she can’t have feelings for her students but being a Kuudere in general never really had a romance. Her cold personality has turned people away leaving only really two people in her life to work to accept her. Her student Nariuki Yuiga, and his father, the very same teacher that inspired her to shed her own talent to teach others.
These two are intertwined from the start even though it isn’t so relevant. Mafuyu is a high-level figure skater that threw it all ways because of Yuiga’s dad, her teacher that made her realize that dreams exist on so many levels, even if it is beyond your talent. This, however, is a risky way to think, jaded over time Mafuyu has seen tons of students fail at their dream cause of her guidance. She stated that dreams trump talent as more and more of her students fail to make those dreams come true, she starts to hate dreams, regretting her own life choices feeling that so much more would have happened if she just stuck to her talent.
Then Yuiga comes along. Replacing her as the tutor for Fumino and Rizu Mafuyu is harsh on the three. Telling Yuiga to drop the act she urges him to force the girls to pursue their talents, dropping their dreams to do what they are good at. Naturally, he doesn’t starting a crash course where he alone sees a side of his teacher that no one else sees. The cold and neat Mafuyu is actually a hot mess who can’t hold her booze, has no friends, and is terrified of bugs, fitting really.
Seeing this side of Mafuyu, Yuiga’s respect and admiration for her turns more romantic. His admiration for her so deep, in fact, he becomes an educator, following her footsteps he becomes a world history teacher and the same high school, becoming equal to her. What follows is her turning him down at first, but slowly warming up to one of the most beautifully crafted wedding scenes I have ever seen. A heartwarmingly fantastic image as they stand at the alter, Yuiga’s father sitting in the front seeming to give his blessing.
This tie-in was something that I wasn’t expecting but just added the icing to the cake. Throwbacks in harems in nothing new, honestly they are usually full of stupid little “oh I knew you back then” but it is rare for them to hold as much weight as this one scene did. These were two people joining their lives together, two people that lives were drastically changed by the same person, Yuiga’s father.
Now I need to talk about the ending of this series. There are many ways to end a harem, usually, it’s one girl winning and the rest of the fandom crying. Something is charming about these endings honestly, but We Never Learn went a different route, a route that I usually hate.
Different arc endings in my opinion are weak. Having each girl win on a different timeline seems like a cop-out and no matter how many times I have seen it I have always felt the same. Until We Never Learn. Each girl has their own ending in this series, so no matter who you like there is an ending for her. So how does this series tackle this type of ending differently? Simply put, the story ends on a reset point, and each arc starts at that point giving 10 or so chapters to each girl.
A perfect example is the first ending, Uruka. Getting a scholarship to study abroad she confesses to Yuiga before she leaves. Unsure how to take it he takes some time before coming to the determination that he indeed loves her. Telling her this they decide that once she returns to Japan they will get married, and adorably they do so.
Rizu has the weakest showing. In that arc, Uruka doesn’t confess and Rizu pretty much states to Yuiga she will make him fall in love with her, which she does. Out of all of them, this was definitely the horniest, Rizu is aggressive and doesn’t pull any punches when it comes to getting what she wants out of Yuiga.
The third is Fumino. Uruka confesses in that arc but Yuiga is unsure how he feels. The whole time Fumino is denying her own feelings so she doesn’t hurt her best friend. So this sets up a dynamic where we have two people that have feelings for each other but deny it out of fear of hurting their friends. Then Uruka comes along and tells Yuiga he better not hide his feelings for her benefit, better yet, she is going to be mad at him if he does. With this push he confesses to Fumino, stating that through it all she was the one he fell in love with, and she eventually claims the same.
The other two endings are kinda weird because the main three girls aren’t in them at all. Asumi’s arc Yuiga becomes a teacher on some island somewhere and just happens to run into her again as she runs a clinic on the same island. He almost dies which was whack and she saves his life with surgery. Coming to he states he loves her and finds out that her father feels responsible for Yuiga’s father’s death, failing to save his life on the operation table. Because of this Asumi feels she can’t be his partner, the death staining her family’s hands. Of course, he states that is fucking stupid and they get married anyways but still, it was the first time I felt in the whole book that ‘wow you are really grasping’
I’ve already discussed Mafuyu’s ending but the point remains that even the ones I didn’t much care for, specifically Rizu’s and Asumi’s arc they still felt real, meaningful. Characters, ending, and execution. If I had to sum up in three words what this series does almost fucking perfectly it is those three things.
We Never Learn overall is not perfect, I found myself annoyed at some moments, even slightly bored as I was going through some of the 187 chapters but even with all of that one thing remained clear. In context to harems, a genre I love dearly, We Never Learn is a powerhouse, a gleaming beacon of what the genre can do, what it can make people feel, and it does it spectacularly.
I have been sitting on this one for a while and I hope it was worth the long read. I assume if you are reading this you have read the series, if not I just spoiled it all but you should still read it anyways. Love the series let me know! Hate the series, well you’re wrong but let me know! As always thanks for the read!
Published by Johnathan
Freelance weeb and ranter.
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Teža sveta 000
Meje 000
Zgodbo želim povedati znova 000
Avtobiografskost ni pomembna . Pomembna je avtentičnost . Pisateljica se mora prežariti po besedilu , biti vroča talina , ki med seboj spoji na videz nezdružljive elemente . Preprič
Da , zgodbo želim povedati znova .
li , in kar vem o tem , sem razbrala iz radioaktivnih šepetanj . To je vse , kar je ostalo od mogočnega krika v tišino .
istil je , potapljal , poplavljal in na novo ustvarjal . Pozejdon je bil človek povodenj . Moč je lila iz njega . Globok je bil , včasih miren , a nikoli pri miru .
pranjo materinega telesa , se ni moglo zgoditi drugače , kot da sem usodna mešanica obeh . Viharen sem kot oče , mračen kot mati . Ukrepam naglo . Nikoli ne pozabim . Vč
Nekateri pravijo , da je moj oče pravzaprav Uran in da smo z brati s Kronosom na čelu
Poslušaj , tam horda ljudi lovi slona . In tam iz nimfe nastaja drevo . Njeni vzdihljaji se spreminjajo v drevesni sok .
Nihče ne verjame nečesa , kar je preveč neresnično . Tudi sam bi se z veseljem odneverjel . Ko zveč
» In kdo je kriv za to ? « je vprašal Atlas . » Tvoj oče Zevs že ne , temveč tvoja mačeha Hera . «
Pomoč . Se
otor ljudi , ki jih nisem niti poznal . Nič kaj zgledno vedenje , kajne ? Veš , Atlas , prej sem celo v pijanosti vedno poznal mero , zato sem šel v delfsko preročišče prosit odpuščanja . Pitija mi je svetovala , naj grem služ
Ti nisem rekel , da me hoče ponižati ? Poznaš še kakšnega junaka , ki se podi za sadeži ?
» Slišal sem . «
» Preklela te bo . «
Herakles je vedel , da ga bo pokončal strup Ladonov ali kak drug . Pil je mleko Herinih dojk in nekega dne se mu bo mašč
Herakles
je vedel , da kače v nevarnosti rade hlinijo smrt , zato je previdno obkrožil Ladonovo truplo in mu odsekal kos poroženelega repa .
krat zapored otrdel in spet uplahnil . Hotel jo je posiliti , a si ni drznil . Iz oči sta ji sijala prezir in nekaj podobnega gnusu .
a vanjo , ona pa bi ga ubila . Izdihnil bi v votlini njenega sovraštva , vendar bi ga vsaj čutila umreti . V sebi bi čutila njegov zadnji i
el samozadovoljevati . Opazovala ga je , kako se je z grobim vajenim prijemom v dvanajstih hitrih gibih prignal do vrhunca . Ko je videla , da mu prihaja , ga je poljubila na usta in odkorakala stran .
. To je bila njegova usoda , o usodi pa nima smisla dvomiti ali razmišljati .
» Zakaj to počneva , stari ? «
Zjutraj je moral Herakles izpolniti obljubo . Iskala sta najboljši način , kako bi preložil Atlasovo breme nase , ne da bi
Kozmos zgrmel na tla . Nekaj časa sta premlevala različne možnosti , nato pa sklenila , da se bo kot polž , ki se hoč
a volja izpuhtela . Č
Do večera se je nabral velik kup suhih vej in odpadlega rastja , zato je zanetil grmado . Vroči ognjeni zublji so segli tako visoko , da je celo Herakles
Kdo pa se bo prerekal z moškim , ki je dvakrat višji , dvakrat tež
ji , dvakrat bolj vzkipljiv in trikrat bolj napihnjen ? Prerekaj se s Heraklo
m in zmlel te bo . Zato mu nihče nikoli
To je bila njegova zgodba . Nobena ženska , ki ga je kdaj zavrnila , namreč ni preživela , da bi povedala svojo . Hipoliti je skoraj uspelo . Pomiloval jo je , ko je stal nad njenim izčrpanim telesom . Leto dni se je podil za njo
Ko je tako strmel v drobni svet na svoji dlani , je občutil nekaj , kar je komaj prepoznal . Občutja si ni drznil poimenovati .
Ko se je iztegnil , da bi ga ujel , je treščilo na tla . Bilo je težko kot misel . Ležalo je v travi zraven njega in naj se je š
Ko je zdaj tako ležal in tiščal obraz v travo , je slišal jezne krike iz Tartara , kraljestva mrtvih , kjer so prebivali njegovi bratje . V prenapolnjeni ječi večnosti so preklinjali smrt , hrepeneli po življenju in si ž
Pogledal je jabolko . Prvič doslej je pomislil , da je nemara kazen sam priklical nase . Zakaj se je uprl bogovom ? V resnici je imel več , kot bi si lahko kdaj
Zakaj v svojem življenju ni prepoznal meja , in če jih je prepoznal , zakaj jih je tako sovražil ?
» Ali veš , katero drevo je to ? «
» Zakaj ni smel Herakles sam nabrati jabolk ? «
» Enkrat me je že okradel . Ne dovolim , da bi me še drugič . «
il zdravilstva , in kaj izdelujete ? Strupe . Ares vam je podaril orožje , vi pa se z njim pobijate . Celo ti , Atlas , pol človek , pol bog , si uničil najlepše mesto na svetu . Raje si sam opustoš
» Utrgal si tri jabolka . Si jih izbral s premislekom ali naključno ? «
» Si prinesel jabolka ? « je vprašal s kar se da brezbrižnim glasom .
as in zgodba bi se lahko začela znova .
ivljenje spet ni imelo več meja in omejitev . Ničesar ni bilo več in ali ni bil prav nič tisto , kar si je želel ?
Da bi lahko čim prej izpolnil obljubo , se je odpravil , nesrečniku pa pustil meh vode in trsteno slamico .
e pretrpel . «
enske , kaj hočeš ?
zadremal , je v sanjah slišal plahutanje kril in čutil , kako ga po telesu žge sonce . Sanjalo se mu je , da na plečih nosi svet , ki ga z ostrim kljunom in kremplji ves č
Zevs je prinesel s seboj puščico , ki je pokončala grifona , in jo spremenil v ozvezdje Strelca , kar je
Zasebni Mars
regolit , mešanica mrtvega kamenja večjih skal in manjših kamen
Zgodi se , da je popoldne na Marsu vroče kot v Avstraliji . Ponoči pa se na dno jalovih dolin spusti ogljikov dioksid v obliki meglic iz suhega ledu .
Obračal je besede kot kamne . Besede so bile
Atlas , sam v višavah , s stvarstvom na plečih , deček z žogo .
Čas je bil , da se ustali .
Nekega dne sta se Herakles
o na njen trebuh . Ko se je zgrudil nanjo , ji je v zadnjih zdihljajih v opravičilo za svoje dejanje zaupal urok , ki ji bo zagotovil moževo večno zvestobo . Shrani naj njegovo seme in ga pomeša s krvjo s konice puščice . To je vse . Opravi
čujem se . Zbogom .
Ko ga je začutila v sebi , je široko razprla oči in se zazrla v oblake , ki so plavali po nebu . Nikoli ji ne bo zvest . Vedno bodo druge ženske : kurbe , ljubice , točajke , nagrade , odkupnine , vojni ple
vil bodalo na vrat in zavpil : » Jola ! Reci , da boš moja , in odmaknem bodalo . «
Volnena krpica je bila še vedno prepojena s kentavrovo krvjo in semenom . Nobenega vonja ni oddajala , tudi vroča ni bila na otip . Vse bolj se ji je dozdevalo , da jo je Nesos naplahtal . Ker pa je bila to zadnja mož
Hov hov !
Ko so zaprli pokrov , je zatrepetala , slina v ustih pa se ji je posušila . Naučili so jo piti vodo iz cevi . Tudi hrano je imela , vendar ni marala ne vode ne hrane . Hotela je
Na silo ga je odprl in našel Lajko . Privezana je bila , zato se ni mogla premikati . Od strahu je izgubila skoraj vso dlako . Kopala se je v znoju , urinu in iztrebkih . Z neskončno než
putnik . Vesolje ni ameriško . Morda bo nekega dne njihovo .
meja ; do sem in nič dlje
» Kje je Rusija ? « jo je vprašal .
arijo repe .
Mati je govorila , da mora vsak nositi svoj križ . Svojega je kot kakšna srednjeveška
Edini dokaz , da sta nekoč bila , sem jaz , in kakšen dokaz je sploh to
Uporabljala sem ga namesto kristalne krogle , zrla vanj in iskala namige , ki bi pojasnili , kdo sem . Všeč mi je bila njegova neodvisnost , neznanost , vendar je tako kot vse , kar ustvariš postal pretež
nski svetovi . Naslednji štirje Jupiter , Saturn , Uran in Pluton so plinski orjaki . Pluton je bolj luna kot planet . Nikjer ni ž
ival na hrbtu . Lajka je tekala sem in tja med njegovimi prsti . Še nikoli ni videla , da bi se gospodar premaknil .
TEŽA ( Mit o Atlasu in Heraklu )
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New Haifa U president warns of Israeli brain drain
The brain drain looms as a threat to Israel’s well-being, the new president of the University of Haifa has warned.
“Israel’s brain drain endangers Israel’s academia and threatens its future,” said Amos Shapira, who took office last month.
Calling on Israel “to wake up” to the reality that Israeli university graduates, many of them scientists, are leaving the country, he urged the Israeli government to reverse this trend.
“The State of Israel has issued many statements on the importance of reversing the brain drain,” said Shapira, the former president of El Al Airlines and Cellcom, Israel’s leading cellular provider. “But in practice, most of the scientists leaving the country are not coming back.”
They’ll only return if they’re given with what he called “the most advanced research infrastructures possible.”
To ensure this happens, he added, Israel must invest in such facilities.
Haifa U is working on this problem and is in the process of establishing a research pavilion to house returning scientists, Shapira said.
“There we will provide them with avant-garde laboratories and equipment,” said Shapira, who was in Toronto on a visit last week.
“At the end of the day, many of these scientists truly wish to live in, research in and contribute to Israel. I’m sure that projects such as this pavilion will bring them back to Israel happily.”
Shapira – a Haifa U graduate in economics who holds an MA in industrial management from the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology – said Israel’s “primary resource” is its “human capital.”
“Since Israel is a geographically small country that does not abound in natural resources, investing in human capital is critical to its security, strength and future.”
In recent years, the government has given universities more funding than in the past, but more is needed, said Shapira, whose last posting was as president of Tel Aviv University’s Friends Association.
Lamenting the “weakened status” of humanities studies at Israeli universities, he said this situation must be remedied.
“In my previous position, I spearheaded a pact, signed by Israel’s leading firms, promoting the employment of humanities graduates in the business sector,” he said.
Humanities are important because they foster independent and critical thinking, he argued. “Undermining the humanities undermines not only Israel’s cultural development, but its economic growth.”
Shapira said he’s pleased to be president of his alma mater, succeeding Aaron Ben-Ze’ev.
“For me, coming back is coming full circle,” said Shapira, who was a teaching assistant at Haifa University and sometimes rides around on a Harley Davidson motorcycle. “I’m proud to be returning to the university where I took my first steps and which gave me the crucial framework for success, both professionally and personally.”
Asked what his broad goals are, Shapira replied, “Haifa University has grown and continues to develop from year to year, and my main role is to make sure that growth continues.”
More specifically, Shapira said his objective is to advance the university’s academic and research standards, which are already high and are recognized both in Israel and abroad.
Haifa U has taken the lead in such disciplines as brain research, education, law, art therapy, psychology and Holocaust studies, he noted.
But in order to retain its competitive edge, it must increase the range of its courses and further strengthen its position in the natural and exact sciences.
The university has two additional strategic tasks, he said.
First, it must solidify its status as one of two research universities in northern Israel. (The other is the Technion). “The existence of a research university in the northern region is critical for the economic viability of the north.”
Second, Haifa U should continue to be a mosaic of “shared social and cultural experience” for Jews and Arabs and secular and religious Jews alike.
Shapira, a father of three grown children whose 90-year-old mother was a teacher, rebutted criticism that an academic rather than a businessman should be at the helm of a university.
“I bring with me much experience in managing large organizations, the ability to merge and co-ordinate intricate operations, and the ability to advance organizations and significantly improve their competitive edge,” he declared. “But above all, I bring a deep passion to education.” | mini_pile | {'original_id': '825d397fa5fb3e9bf98685afa870148bf07324d3dd4b077d16c8ba4506e457b8'} |
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Jordan Graham (footballer, born 1997)
Jordan Owen Graham (born 30 December 1997) is an English footballer who plays for Mansfield Town.
Career
Graham was born in Peterborough and began his career with Leicester City. He joined Oxford United in 2015, playing on loan at non-league Didcot Town and Farnborough before joining Mansfield Town in 2017 where he has spent time on loan at Hednesford Town. Graham made his English Football League debut on 4 August 2018 against Newport County.
Career statistics
References
Category:English footballers
Category:English Football League players
Category:1997 births
Category:Living people
Category:Leicester City F.C. players
Category:Oxford United F.C. players
Category:Didcot Town F.C. players
Category:Farnborough F.C. players
Category:Mansfield Town F.C. players
Category:Hednesford Town F.C. players
Category:Association football midfielders | mini_pile | {'original_id': '549088f9d94f1c3a5b0fb921f5473bd179a61ec07a398b9e5a0e24a125897280'} |
Established Wednesday and Saturday. BY OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMTER, S. C. Terms: One square first insertion $1.00 Every subsequent insertion $0.50 Contracts for three months or longer will be made at reduced rates. All communications which subscribe to the interests of the paper will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be charged for. The Subscription Watchman was founded in 1860 and the True Southron in 1876. The Watchman and Southron now have the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising medium in the South. GOOD ROADS CAMPAIGN. Some of the Benefits to be Obtained by the Establishment of Good Roads Throughout The County. The campaign for Good Roads and for the bond Issue of $150,000 will close with two more meetings, one at Cain's Mill on Thursday of this week at 11 a.m. at which Mr. H. C. Haynsworth and Lieut. Gov. T. O. McLeod will speak. The last rally of the campaign will be held in Sumter on Thursday, July the 27th. The United States Department of Agriculture at Washington will send Mr. Charles H. Hoyt of that Department to speak in Sumter on that date. Mr. Hoyt will use 50 columns. Folded lantern slides and a moving picture film to illustrate his address. Mr. Fischer of the Lyric Theatre has loaned the use of his theatre to the committee for his purpose. Everyone who can possibly do so is urged to attend this meeting. Women are especially invited. This meeting will be at 10:30 a.m. and is free to all. At 11 a.m. of the same day, immediately following the address of Mr. Hoyt, Commissioner E.J. Watson will address a mass meeting in the Court House on the Need of Good Roads for Sumter County. The question of securing Good Roads for Sumter County is of vital importance to the people of the county. The bond issue, to be voted on Tuesday, August the first, will have a tremendous effect on the failure of the road to be used as a complete system of highway and the opening of new roads that may be needed. Instead of our present haphazard system of building roads, there will be supervision by a competent engineer. Thereafter, these roads can be maintained at one-half the present cost. No one can estimate the loss incurred because of the roads we now have. In fact, they have no right to be dignified by the name of road. Most of them are long, narrow, crooked lanes that have been dug out of the land by wagons and horses. There is not a citizen of this county who is not ashamed to show these so-called roads to his visiting friends. The extra cost to every citizen is so slight in comparison to the gain that it is not worth discussion. This extra cost amounts to $1 for every $1,000 of taxable property at the present assessed valuation, on the other hand, in addition to the greater comforts of travel back and forth, the improvement in social intercourse, easy access to schools and churches, in proved rural mail service, increased valuation of property, better markets for farmers and for the cities must be added the saving in total wear and tear on ranges—wagons, harness, etc. But greater still is the gain made by the larger load that can be carried. This last item alone will mean enough saved in a year to more than pay for the entire cost. This question of Good Roads will not down. The entire state and country is alive to this need. Sumter County, surely, will not lag behind others in this great movement but will vote to have one of the most complete systems of Good Roads in the entire State. The work on West Calhoun Street has not been completed, although it was found necessary to move the hands from the street to put them to work as an other part of the city's system. There has been considerable delay to be put down and two blocks on the street have yet to be rolled and scraped. raped. A large part of the force of workmen on Kendrick Street deserted Saturday to the county owing to the fact that they were not making as much on the contract with the city as could be made right away by the rain. Steps were taken to get sufficient laborers and to change the contract so that the work could be completed right away by the rainy rain set in. COTTON CROP GOOD. Conditions THROUGHOUT STATE indicate big yield, having come in time to relieve situation. High expectations. Methodist Methodist and Deeper Flowing is Telling; Fields Are Clean and Some Sections Expected Much larger Yields Than in Several Years Fast. Columbia, July 17.?Hue, in great measure, to the rains of last week, which rolled the drought before it had done serious damage, except possibly in scattering sections, the cotton crop in South Carolina, from present indications, promises to be equally as good if not better than last year. No section of the State, from reports, has suffered materially; but to the contrary, in a number of counties larger yields are indicated than in a number of years past. Taking the State as a whole, the condition up to the end of last week indicates that the cotton crop this year will not be off on account of the drought that has been prevalent. For a time, the yield was feared, and the yield was expected to be even more than expected. Conditions may be said at this time to indicate a 100 percent crop, although in some scattering sections where cotton was replanted and did not get a good stand the yield will not be more than two-thirds or three-fourths; but in other sections from 15 to 25 percent more cotton is expected than last year. Heavy fertilization and the unusually fine preparation of the soil, deeper plowing and the application of new methods is telling this season, but for which it is safe to say that the drought would have proved of greater damage; but compared with last year at this time the crop is in far better condition. The fields are clean, there is no grass, and indications are that a much larger percent of the cotton will be picked this year than last. Last year at this time the fields were full of grass, making the cost of production greater than this year, and, indeed last year the farmers had a hard fight to keep the grass from over-running the cotton. What grass that follows the recent rains will be easily kept in check this year. If the condition at present is at an end compared with conditions existing at this time, the two months of the year, although the weather is unfavorable, the farmers of the State are, from reports received, in better shape now than then, and the indications for a full crop a great deal better than last year. An improvement noted in Memphis, July 1. The Commercial Appeal tomorrow will say: An improvement in cotton condition during the past week is generally reported. In Central and Eastern States, the crop conditions could hardly be improved upon, as the plant is growing rapidly and fruit-growing heavily. With average favorable weather during the remainder of the season, a record crop will be made over this large area. Boll weevils are more numerous in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas, but the damage so far is small. The carliness of the crop is a notable feature in the Eastern and Central States and grown to half-grown bolls are reported in the most northern districts. In Texas and Oklahoma, moderate showers to heavy rains, widely distributed, served to arrest the deterioration that had set in such a wide area. The planting in some places is small, however, and good rain is needed to put in good condition. BOLUTE LIFE INSURANCE CASE, Chicago, July 14. Evelyn Arthur Bos, founder of the Absolute Life Insurance Company, who was convicted last night of the abduction of Mildred Bridges, was admitted to bail in the sum of $5,000 today pending arguments for a new trial. The Calhoun County Fair Association bought twenty acres of land from Messrs. J.H. In the city of Florence, J. C. Redmond, today on the outskirts of town for $1,000. The pines are ideal and beautifully located for the purpose, Court convened Monday morning to hear appeals from the magistrates' courts and equity cases that were brought up for settlement. Judge S. W. Q. Shipp, of Florence, is presiding. The weather of the past few days has been excellent for the crops which are growing like all forty since the drought was broken. NOTHING KNOWN ABOUT ROAD. Mayor Jennings States That He Knows Nothing About Proposed Columbia-Minter Highway. In another place in this paper is an article taken from the Columbia State of Sunday which contains an interesting article headed "To Go To Sumter By An Air Line," which states that a road between Columbia and Sumter has been begun which will cut off about 29 miles of the distance for automobiles going from one town to the other. Mayor D. Jennings was asked this morning what he knew about this proposed road and ferry and he stated that he knew absolutely nothing about it. He said that there had been some discussion of building such a road and ferry about a year ago and there was talk of this county putting up as much as $1,000 for the road—the money to be raised by private subscription among the automobilists in the county—but that the matter had been dropped and he had heard no more about until he saw the article in the Sunday State. Mr. R. B. Reiser, who knows more about the roads of Sumter county than anyone else just now, unless it be the supervisor, stated that the ferry would be a good thing for auto mobllists, but that the county had absolutely nothing to do with it. It was a private enterprise as far as he knew that would only be beneficial to a few automobileists and that if any money for the building or maintenance of the road came from this county it would probably come from private subscription. He thought that it would be a bad plan for either the county or the Chamber of Commerce to have anything whatever to do with the building of the road and ferry across the Wateree river. He said further that it was a business proposition, as far as he knew, which had been taken up by private capitalists and these capitalists were the ones who would receive the benefit of the loss occasioned by the building of the road through the swamp and the ferry across the river. Mr. Reiser stated further that the bond issue of $150,000 had nothing whatever to do with the building of the road and ferry and he wished everybody in the county to understand this. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE NOTES. Phone No. 200, LOUISVILLE, and advertising journals, farm papers, etc., are on file at the Chamber of Commerce for the use of the citizens of Sumter and all visitors: Charleston News and Courier, Columbia State, Sumter Item, Watchman and Southron, Sumter Herald, Harper Weekly. Manufacturers Record, Chattanooga Tradesman, Printer's ink. Southern Good Roads, (farmer's Union sun. The Trucker and Farmer, Advertising and Selling, Municipal Development. Town Development, Denver Municipal Ficts, Buffalo Live Wire, Providence Board of Trade Journal. Camden, N. J., Board of Trade Journal. Boston Commerce News. The following United States Department of Agriculture Bulletins. Winter Oats for the South, Barley Culture in Southern states, Canning Peaches on the Farm, D. Ionstratlon Work on Southern Farms, Grain Distribution and Uses, Seed Corn, Dorn Cultivation, Feeding Hogs in the South, More Profitable Corn Planting Method. Commercial Fertilizer in South Atlantic States Profitable Cotton Farm, Canning Vegetables in the Home, Mion (Culture, Dairy Industry In the South, Cotton Will, Building Up a Hun Down Cotton Plantation, Sweet Potatoes, Method of Breeding Early Cotton to Escape Boll Weevil Damage, Sand-clay and Burnt-clay Roads, Poultry Management. Comparative Value of Whole Cotton Seed and Cotton Seed Meal in Fertilizing Cotton. Successful Hog and Seed Corn Farm, Soil Fertility, Production of Good Seed Corn, Temptations, Strawberries, Grape Growing In the South, Corn Furniture in the South. Mature of Cotton, Sugar or Tenant Farming, Houses. FRIENDLY TUSSLE, MAN DEAD, Payton Kelly, of Darlington, Shot Through Heart?Two Men Loxicated. Harlingen. July 14. —Payton Kelley, aged 21, of the Kelleytown neighborhood, six miles from here, was shot through the heart and instantly killed at 8 o'clock by his first cousin, Lenoir K. Kelley. The killing took place, at the home of William Tyner, where the two young men had gone in an intoxicated condition and was the result of a friendly tussle, which developed into a fight, in which a knife, a shotgun, and a pistol in the hands of the two parties were used. Kelley was shot five times; three times through the heart and twice in the left arm. His slayer was said to have been cut. He will surrender to the officers tomorrow morning. SERIOUS A. C. L., WRECK. Apparently Deliberately Planned. None Sustains Serious Injuries. Florence, July 16.?Train No. 86, the Coast Line's "Palmetto Limited," which left Charleston at 4:10 and Florence at 7:45 yesterday, was badly wrecked at the Buck Swamp siding, two miles north of Datta, about 9 o'clock last night. The train, which was made up with one of the Coast Line's big copperhead locomotives, mail and express cars, two coaches and two sleepers, with Engineer Reddin Bullock and Conductor John W. Cotton, Jr., was speeding along at a six-miles an hour clip, when suddenly the locomotive, entering the siding, followed by the heavy cars, soon rushed on off through the siding into the swamp, ploughing its way through mud and earth until its force was checked by the weight of the cars. The engine remained in an upright position, and that was the reason why Engineer Bullock and his fireman were not injured. The mail car left the right of way to the right, the express car to the left and the two coaches jammed themselves against the wreckage. Only the front truck of the forward end of the two Pullman cars left the rails. When it was all over it was found that a tramp by the name of Woodward had his right arm broken. feet and hand badly mashed, and that the mail agent, the express messenger and his colored messenger and the train porter were badly injured by being bruised and cut up. Not a passenger on the train is reported to have been injured. As quickly as possible, the wrecking train, in charge of Mr. Alex Sessoms, and carrying Assistant Superintendent R. B. Hare, Dr. B. C. Gregg, and Special Agent C. E. St. Amand, left here for the scene. The track was found to be blocked upon its arrival, but was soon cleared, all trains being detoured last night and early this morning via Elrod and Chadbourne. Upon investigation as to the cause of the wreck, it was found that the switch had been opened and the lock removed. The lock could not be found, showing that it was a wilful and diabolical act of some miscreant. The attempt proved to be successful and it is, indeed, a miracle that all on board were not slaughtered outright. The Buck Swamp Riding is what is known in railroad parlance as a "once tender," with the switch opening to the south end, from whence the train approached, the other end being open, and nothing to prevent a train from going into the woods should it enter the open switch at any kind of speed. As soon as the engine entered the siding, the sudden swoop threw Engineer Bullock from his seat, but he quickly recovered himself, shut off steam, applied the emergency brakes and reversed his engine, but by the time this was all done, she was ploughing herself through mud and earth, having passed in, through and off the siding. In the Police Court, Samuel Jenkins, non-payment of contract painters' license, $17.50 or fifteen days. William singleton, non-payment of contract painters license, $7.50 or 15 days. Charles Holmes, non-payment of restaurant license, two charges, $10 or 30 days. Joe Wells, riding bicycle on Washington Street sidewalk, $5 or 30 days. J. W. Levan, non-payment of barber shop license, four chairs, $10.00 or 10 days. Time to Begin Work. Mr. W. L. Bonsai stopped here a short while last Tuesday evening on his way to Sumter. He told the committee to keep ahead and get things in proper shape by the time the engineer gets here next week to locate the line. There is no time to lose and the committee should be ready to accept the proposition. Bishops the Vindicator. A meeting of the board of directors of the Vindicator was held last Tuesday evening. Asheville, N.C., July 6. In the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of South Carolina, Judge J.C. Pritchard signed a restraining order in the case of W.B. McLaurin, receiver of the Linson Lumber Company, a South Carolina corporation, vs. H.J. McLaurin, Jr., on complaint of and motion of the counsel for complainant. It was ordered that the defendants be restrained from enforcing in the Courts of the United States or taking any proceedings to rely on the award set forth on the complaint until further order of the Court. The award was made, amounting to more than $2,000. It is contended by the plaintiff that the payment of the award will be a bar of proceedings. It is further ordered that the defendant appear before Judge H.A.H. Smith, District Judge, August 10 to show cause why he should not be restrained until further hearing. The defendant has leave to move before Judge Pritchard by giving five days' notice. The complainant is required to file bond of $500 for payment of defendant's damages and costs sustained by reason of the order should it prove to be improvidently made. JOKE ON THE COP. Kicked a Bomb Thinking It Was a Football. New York, July 14. — As he was leaving a Brooklyn police station early today, Sergeant Michael Lane espied an object on the sidewalk which looked like a rubber bootbal. He stepped back a few steps, got a running start and gave the supposed ball a kick. It was a bomb. The sergeant left to the street unconscious and every window in the station house was shattered. The sergeant was removed to the hospital in an unconscious condition. Detectives who examined the fragments of the bomb said it contained enough powder to blow up a city block. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE NOTES. Retail Association. The following is a list of the business firms who have signified their intention of becoming members of the Sumter Retail Association. A large number of the merchants are yet to be seen and it is hoped that by the middle of next week, at least fifty members will have been secured and the work of the Association started: Joseph M. Chandler, O'Donnell and Company, The Sumter Clothing Company. Cuttin and McKnight, T. M. Bradley and Company. Knight Brothers, H. L. Tisdale, Burns Hardware Company, Ruitman Bros. A. A. Strauss and Company. McCormack Jewelry Company, The Sumter Dry Goods Company. D. J. Chandler Clothing Company. Levy and Moses, T. C. Scaffe, J. D. Craig Furniture Company. DeLorme's Pharmacy, Phelps Grocery Store, J. W. McKeiver, W. L. Williams, New York Bakery, Geo. F. Epperson, Booth-Harby Live Stock Co. L. W. Folsom, Du Rant Hardware Company, Witherspoon Bros. Furniture Co. J. E. King. Mrs. Stanton Entertain. The pleasantest evening of the week was enjoyed by the friends of Mrs. S. J. Stoudenmier on Tuesday evening, who entertained in honor of her guest, Miss Georgina D. Still, of Atlanta, Ga. The home was tastily decorated for the occasion, the party being entertained on the verandas where Japanese lanterns made the corners cozy. A game of hearts was indulged in by Miss Lucile DeLorme winning the first prize and Miss Jennie Walsh, the booby. The Punch bowl was presided over by Mesdames Scott and Dowling. Those present were: Miss Lucile DeLorme with W. K. Tavel, Miss Natalie Norman with Mr. C. S. Anderson, Miss Jennie Walsh with Mr. Mur Hall, Miss Hertha Rultman with Mr. Willie Crowson, Miss Vera Handle with Mr. Georgians Warren, Miss Eileen Hurst with Mr. Frank Patton, Miss Estelle Crowson with Mr. Riley Bradham, Miss Georgians still with Mr. James Cuttin. After the games were over, refreshments were served, consisting of ice cream, cakes, nabiscos and mints. Everyone expressed themselves as having a most enjoyable evening. Dillon Man Patents Hatpin. Washington, July 13.?G. C. Johnson, of Dillon, S. C., will today grant a patent for a hatpin. FOR M. W. ASYLUM BUILDING. Plans Submitted to Commission by Architect Ware. Columbia, July 14.?Plans for a building for 150 Cronic cases of insanity were submitted today to the members of the State Hospital by F. B. Ware, the architect of the commission. These plans were carefully considered, and as soon as Mr. Ware makes a few suggested changes, specifications will be prepared and the building cop-rations at "State Park" will be begun. In the meantime, the commission will advertise for brick, lime, cement and other material needed for the building. The members of the Hospital commission met today at the State Hospital for the Insane for the regular monthly meeting. All members were present except J. M. Payne, of Anderson, who was detained on account of illness. Reports were received from Dr. L. C. Corbett, of the United States department of agriculture, on development of the farm at "State Park," from J. H. Foster, of the national agricultural department, on the forestry situation, and from H. P. Kelsey, on the landscape development of the property. The committee was pleased with the reports submitted, all of them being very complete. These reports will be made a part of the commission's report to the General Assembly. The committee will meet in Columbia in two weeks, when other matters relative to the development of "State Park" will be discussed. The next monthly meeting will be held August 11. The commission has 300 acres of "State Park" under cultivation and the crops are reported in excellent condition. Dr. Brown Takes Trip. Dr. C. C. Brown left town Tuesday morning for a trip to Beaufort where he will spend the month of August. The pulpit at the First Baptist church will be filled on July 23, the fourth Sunday in July by the Rev. W. E. Wilkins, the secretary of Laymen's movement. On the following Sunday, July 30, the "Ierleux of Greenville will preach. The Item and Watchman and Southron Popularity Contest. Following is the list of nominees: District No. 1. City of Sumter. Miss Annie Dollard, Miss Ellen Beach, Miss Schuyler Coop, Miss Anna Jenning, Miss Macy Smith, Miss Jaunita Bradf, Miss Katie Hinson, Miss Minnie Blanding, Miss Mary Ramsey, Miss Laura Carr, Miss Elizabeth Hood, Miss Jennie Walsh, Miss Erline White, Miss Arrie Stuckey, Miss Elethea Reardon, Miss Agnes Richardson, Miss Bonnie Nunnamoker, Miss Edna Tobin, Miss Rosie Hogan, Miss Katie Clark, Miss Susie McKinney, Miss Susie McKinney, Miss Bessie Hodge, Miss E. McCoy, Miss. Pauline Jones, 111.195 Miss Lucile Parrott, 102,000 Miss May Weeks, 86,500 Miss Hester Hodge, 87,090 Miss Dora Dick, 70,960 Miss Bessie Tallon, 55,735 Miss Edith Wells, 52,625 Miss Edna Ramsey, 30,900 Miss Sadie Rogers, 27,425 Miss Janie Bell Gaylord, 25,000 Miss Pearl Moore, 20,000 Miss Beuten Richardson, 15,975 Miss Bessie F. Aycock, 15,200 Work is still going on on Oakland Avenue and it is probable that the laying of the pipe for the average line will be commenced sometime soon. HINT'S CURE Guaranteed Cure for all SKIN DISEASE sold By Sibert's Drug store. A. B. Richards Medicine Co., Sherman, Tex. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'sn93067846_1911-07-19_1_4_1', 'collection': 'US-PD-Newspapers', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1911.0', 'title': 'None', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '4015', 'token_count': '5403', '__index_level_0__': '43517', 'original_id': '856acac50d026faf13d0d9985ebb4ef50060284986d9c9ed6b34a4fb2d41e45f'} |
Importantly, BAD-dependent changes in seizure sensitivity are rev
Importantly, BAD-dependent changes in seizure sensitivity are reversed by genetic modification of the Kir6.2 Cabozantinib in vitro pore-forming subunit of the KATP channel, indicating
that the KATP channel is a necessary downstream mediator of BAD’s effect on neuronal excitation and seizure responses. Several lines of evidence indicate that BAD modulation of sensitivity to acute seizures is distinct from alterations in the apoptotic pathway or a mere change in neuronal populations that might be expected from modification of a proapoptotic molecule. We have not found any evidence of neuronal loss in wild-type mice or Bad genetic models within the time course of acute seizures induced by i.p. delivery of KA (data not shown). Importantly, the shared seizure phenotype of Bad null and Bad S155A alleles that otherwise have opposite effects on BAD’s apoptotic activity is consistent
trans-isomer with the predominance of BAD’s nonapoptotic properties in this setting. However, our findings do not argue against a role for apoptosis in epileptogenesis ( Engel et al., 2011). Indeed, our experimental system of acute seizures is distinct from a chronic model of seizures induced by hippocampal damage 1–12 days after stereotactic delivery of KA in the amygdala ( Engel et al., 2010 and Murphy et al., 2010). In this model, loss of certain proapoptotic members of the BCL-2 family, such as BIM and PUMA, is protective against neuronal loss and brain damage associated with status epilepticus. However, ablation of Bim or Puma did not protect against acute seizures immediately after KA administration ( Engel et al., 2010 and Murphy et al., 2010). These observations are in agreement with our results that tissue-specific deletion of Bim in the brain does not alter the sensitivity to acute seizures ( Figure S4). Our findings are also distinct from previous reports suggesting a role for BAD in regulating synaptic transmission Liothyronine Sodium through modified recruitment/activation of proteins with known function in the regulation of the core apoptotic machinery,
such as BAX, caspase-3, BCL-XL, and VDAC (Hickman et al., 2008 and Jiao and Li, 2011). Based on these studies, Bad null and BadS155A nonphosphorylatable mutants are predicted to exert opposite effects on the activity of these proteins. This is different from the shared phenotype of these BAD modifications in the neuronal activity we report here. Our results are instead consistent with involvement of BAD-dependent changes in metabolism rather than modified components of the apoptotic machinery. Metabolic changes similar to those produced by BAD manipulation have been found effective against epileptic seizures, notably, in the case of therapeutic diets, such as the KD. Reduced carbohydrate diets, such as the KD (Hartman et al., 2007, Neal et al.
Transduction efficiency was quantified using a confocal microscop
Transduction efficiency was quantified using a confocal microscope by comparing the EYFP cells with TH immunoreactive cells. At least 2 weeks following virus infection, mice were euthanized and horizontal slices from midbrain (250 μm) were prepared in ice cold artificial cerebral spinal fluid (ACSF: [in mM] NaCl 119, KCl 2.5, MgCl2 1.3, CaCl2 2.5,
NaH2PO4 1, NaHCO3 26.2, and glucose 11 [pH 7.3], continuously bubbled with 95%/5% ISRIB mouse O2/CO2). Neurons were visualized with IR camera Gloor Instrument PCO on an Olympus scope (BX51) and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings (Multiclamp 700A amplifier) were made from neurons in the VTA, identified as the region medial to the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optical tract. The internal solution contained (in mM) K-gluconate 30, KCl 100, MgCl2 4, creatine phosphate 10, Na2 ATP 3.4, Na3 GTP 0.1, EGTA 1.1, and HEPES 5. Cells were clamped at −60 mV. Mice were anesthetized with chloral hydrate 4% (induction, 480 mg/kg i.p.; maintenance, 120 mg/kg i.p.) and positioned in a stereotaxic frame (MyNeurolab). Body temperature was maintained at 36°C–37°C
using a feedback-controlled heating pad (Harvard Apparatus). An incision was made in the midline to expose the skull such that a blur hole was unilaterally drilled above the VTA (coordinates considering a 10° angle: between 3.2 ± 0.3 mm posterior to bregma and 1.3 ± 0.3 mm lateral to midline [Paxinos and Franklin, 2004]), and the dura was carefully retracted. All procedures MI-773 manufacturer were performed with the
permission of the Cantonal Veterinary Office of Geneva. Recording electrodes were pulled with a vertical puller (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan) from borosilicate glass capillaries (outer diameter, 1.50 mm; inner diameter, 1.17 mm; Harvard Apparatus). Electrodes were broken back to give a final tip diameter of 1–2 um and filled with one of the following solutions: 0.5% Na-acetate plus 2% Chicago sky blue dye or 0.5 M NaCl plus 20 mM bicuculline methiodide. All whatever electrodes had impedances of 15–25 MΩ. They were angled by 10° from the vertical, slowly lowered through the blurr hole with a micro drive (Luig Neumann) and positioned in the VTA (coordinates: 3.0–3.4 mm posterior from bregma, 1.1–1.4 mm lateral to the midline, 3.9-4.5 mm ventral to pial surface [Paxinos and Franklin, 2004]). Each electrode descend was spaced 100 μm from the others. A reference electrode was placed in the subcutaneous tissue. Electrical signals were AC coupled, amplified, and monitored in real time using a digital oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Signals were digitized at 20 kHz (for waveform analysis) or 5 kHz and stored on hard disk using custom-made program within IGOR (WaveMetrics, Lake Oswego, OR). The band-pass filter was set between 0.3 and 5 kHz. At the end of each experiment, Chicago sky blue dye was deposited by iontophoresis (−15 uA, 15 min) to mark the final position of the recording site. The mouse was killed with an overdose of chloral hydrate.
, 2004) Similar to the hippocampal CA1 neurons, the activation o
, 2004). Similar to the hippocampal CA1 neurons, the activation of nontagged IL neurons CP-868596 price (Figure 2C) and the reactivation of tagged IL neurons (Figures 2B and 2D) were not affected by contextual fear extinction. Overall, we did not detect extinction-induced functional changes in two important brain structures upstream of the BA. We therefore shifted our focus to potential local changes within the BA that might have caused the silencing of the BA fear memory circuit.
Around 85% of the neuronal cell population within the BA consists of excitatory projection neurons, whereas the remaining 15% are local interneurons that make inhibitory synapses onto the projection neurons (McDonald, 1992). Because BA inhibitory interneurons have been implicated in fear extinction (Ehrlich et al., 2009 and Heldt and Ressler, 2007), we addressed the possibility that structural changes involving inhibitory circuits in the BA might have caused the extinction-induced selleck products silencing of BA fear neurons by increasing local inhibition. We first examined the expression of 67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), a key enzyme in GABA synthesis. Both GAD67 and the smaller isoform GAD65 have been implicated in fear extinction, but a specific role within the amygdala has so far only been established for GAD67 (Heldt et al., 2012 and Sangha et al., 2009). We did not
find evidence for increased GAD67 expression in either the complete BA or in the soma of BA interneurons (Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C), consistent with a recent study (Sangha et al., 2012). We hypothesized that fear extinction might act on a synaptic site where local interneurons interface with the BA fear neurons. We tested this hypothesis L-NAME HCl by imaging a special type of inhibitory synapse called perisomatic synapse. Perisomatic inhibitory synapses are a plausible candidate for silencing BA fear neurons, since they are well positioned to modulate the functional activation of excitatory neurons (Miles et al., 1996). Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that silent fear neurons
had increased GAD67 around their soma after extinction (Figure 3D). Interestingly, this increase in perisomatic GAD67 was not observed around active fear neurons (Figure 3E). The selective increase in perisomatic GAD67 around silent fear neurons seemed to be caused by a selective increase in the number of inhibitory synapses (Figures S2A and S2B). Thus, our data reveal that extinction can cause the target-specific remodeling of perisomatic inhibitory synapses in the BA, with extinction-induced changes in perisomatic GAD67 matching the activation states of the postsynaptic fear neurons. We decided to further investigate the nature of the extinction-induced remodeling of perisomatic inhibitory synapses in the BA.
Yuste, personal communication) These processes typically require
Yuste, personal communication). These processes typically require the activation of calcium (Ca+2) and cAMP signaling, which are facilitated by neuromodulators and lead to transcriptional events in the nucleus (Barco et al., 2003). In this way, the cortex is thought to accumulate a lifetime of
experience in remote memory storage. In contrast, long, thin spines in layer III of dlPFC are the most common spine type, even in very old monkeys, and thus appear to retain their long, thin shape throughout the life span (Dumitriu et al., 2010). This geometric shape facilitates the rapid gating of synapses via ion channel opening, likely by limiting the spine’s volume and extending the distance that the signal must travel (see below). The dlPFC representational machinery interacts extensively with posterior cortices, providing top-down regulation, for example, to suppress irrelevant operations or enhance the processing and storage of a nonsalient but relevant stimulus and to reactivate long-term memories onto the mental sketch pad as a key part of memory retrieval and recall (Fuster, 1997). Although the
hippocampus is not shown in Figure 2, it is also required for the reactivation of recent (∼15 s–2 years) selleck products memories (among its many other memory functions) but not for the activation of immediate (0 to ∼15 s) or remote memories (>∼2 years) (Squire, 1992). Conversely, there is also plasticity within the dlPFC (Liu et al., 2012), but this is not shown in Figure 2 in order to highlight the differences between the elaborate networks of memory storage versus the working memory
networks that retrieve and maintain information temporarily on the mental sketch pad. In this way, representational networks can interface with plastic circuits that learn and store experience. Megestrol Acetate These operations are differentially modulated by the arousal systems, further dissociating the events that shape memory storage and those that govern mental state. Working memory networks in dlPFC are modulated in a fundamentally different manner than are those that process sensory information and consolidate long-term memories. For example, increased cAMP signaling enhances long-term consolidation in hippocampal circuits (Abel et al., 1997; Frey et al., 1993; Huang et al., 1994) but markedly weakens PFC working memory (Runyan and Dash, 2005; Taylor et al., 1999). Similarly, the physiological responses of neurons in the primary sensory cortices are excited by norepinephrine (NE) α1 adrenergic receptor (α1-AR) signaling (Mouradian et al., 1991; Wang and McCormick, 1993), while neurons in the dlPFC show marked reductions in firing in response to NE α1-AR stimulation (Birnbaum et al., 2004).
However, MD doubled the fraction of inhibitory shaft synapse loss
However, MD doubled the fraction of inhibitory shaft synapse loss during the first 4 days of MD (repeated-measures analysis of variance [ANOVA] and Tukey’s post hoc test, p < 0.01). This increased loss persisted throughout the entire 8 days of MD. A decrease in inhibitory shaft synapse additions was also observed at 4–8 days MD (repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, p < 0.005). A larger than 3-fold increase in inhibitory spine synapse loss was observed during the early period of MD (repeated-measures ANOVA and Tukey's post
hoc test, p < 0.05). Analysis at intervals of 0–2 days MD and 2–4 days MD shows that the increase inhibitory spine synapse loss was specific to the first two days of MD DNA Damage inhibitor (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p < 0.05; Figure 4D). Imaging over a 16 day period in control animals showed no fractional change in inhibitory synapse additions or eliminations across the imaging time course, indicating that the inhibitory synapse losses observed were specifically induced by MD (Figure S4C). These findings
demonstrate that inhibitory shaft and spine synapses are kinetically distinct populations and experience can differentially drive their elimination and formation. Long-term selleck chemicals plasticity induced at one dendritic spine can coordinately alter the threshold for plasticity in nearby neighboring spines (Govindarajan et al., 2011 and Harvey and Svoboda, 2007). Electrophysiological studies suggest that plasticity of inhibitory and excitatory synapses may also be coordinated at the dendritic level. Calcium influx and activation of calcium-dependent signaling molecules that lead to long-term plasticity at excitatory synapses can also induce plasticity at neighboring inhibitory synapses (Lu et al., 2000 and Marsden et al., 2010). Conversely, inhibitory synapses can influence excitatory Parvulin synapse plasticity by suppressing calcium-dependent activity along the dendrite (Miles et al., 1996). Given the limited spatial extent of these signaling mechanisms (Harvey and Svoboda, 2007 and Harvey et al., 2008), we looked for evidence of local clustering between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic changes. We first looked at the distribution
of dynamic events resulting in persistent changes (both additions and eliminations) on each dendritic segment (68.1 ± 2.9 μm in length) as defined by the region from one branch point to the next or from branch tip to the nearest branch point. During normal visual experience, 58.2% ± 7.6% of dendritic segments per cell contained both a dynamic inhibitory (spine or shaft) synapse and a dynamic dendritic spine (Figure 5A). On these dendritic segments, a large fraction of dynamic inhibitory synapses and dendritic spines were found to be located within 10 μm of each other, suggesting that these changes were clustered (dynamic spines to nearby dynamic inhibitory synapses, repeated-measures ANOVA, p < 1 × 10−10; dynamic inhibitory synapses to nearby dynamic spines, repeated-measures ANOVA, p < 0.
Multiple lines of evidence suggest the involvement of direct cort
Multiple lines of evidence suggest the involvement of direct corticocortical projections from vM1 to S1 in modulating S1 state, including the dense synaptic targeting of the corticocortical pathway, the block of S1 activation by glutamatergic receptor blocker CNQX, the contrasting
CSD patterns evoked by vM1 versus sensory stimulation, the ability to activate S1 by directly stimulating vM1 axons in S1, and the ability of vM1 to modulate S1 activity during thalamic suppression. Network state changes associated with arousal, attention, and behavior have INK 128 cell line been largely ascribed to functions of ascending neuromodulatory systems (Buzsaki et al., 1988, Constantinople and Bruno, 2011, Jones, 2003, Lee and Dan, 2012 and Steriade et al., 1993b). While corticocortical modulation of network state shares many similarities with neuromodulatory systems, there are notable differences. First, vM1-evoked S1 activation occurred with rapid temporal precision, tightly following the dynamics of the vM1 stimulus. In contrast, stimulation of neuromodulatory nuclei typically cause delayed changes in cortical dynamics that long outlast the stimulus (Goard and Dan, 2009, Metherate et al., 1992 and Steriade
Selleck Cabozantinib et al., 1993a). Second, changes in vM1 stimulus strength caused graded changes in the LFP and MUA during the stimulus. Alternatively, varying stimulation intensity of ascending neuromodulatory inputs significantly impacts the duration of cortical activation (Metherate et al., 1992). While these differences could be due in part to optogenetic versus
electrical stimulation methods, they likely reflect the time course of postsynaptic responses to ionotropic glutamate receptor activation versus metabotropic cholinergic or monoaminergic neurotransmission (McCormick et al., 1993). Third, we show that vM1-mediated network changes are spatially specific, consistent with the anatomy of corticocortical projections. In addition to cortical feedback, ascending thalamocortical pathways strongly regulate cortical state (Poulet et al., 2012) (Figure 6). Thus, we propose that not Tryptophan synthase only neuromodulatory but also glutamatergic feedforward and feedback pathways influence cortical states in the behaving animal. The anatomical and functional differences of these pathways allow for control of network states across a range of temporal and spatial scales that could be differentially employed according to momentary demands. Information processing in motor cortex may be rapidly relayed to the relevant sensory cortex via the direct feedback connection. One condition under which this may be important is during active movement.
In addition, citric acid can be easily stored and transported to
In addition, citric acid can be easily stored and transported to remote areas by anyone without incurring the risk of serious injury. Compared to HCl, the use of citric acid does increase the Ponatinib supplier cost of preparations, which might be a concern when extensive epidemiological surveys are undertaken. Nevertheless, this cost is justifiable if survivability of metacercariae is essential to an experiment. The present study provides an alternate acid buffer for pepsin-based ADS. Our results indicate that citric acid is a better alternative in the preparation
of acidic pepsin solutions from the viewpoints of user safety and parasite survivability. This research was supported by a Grant (10162MFDS995) from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2012. “
“Worldwide there are annually 1.3 billion cases of human gastro-enteritis due to Salmonella spp. ( Bhunia, 2008b). In European Union (EU), Salmonella
is the first notification cause of microbial foodborne contamination ( Commission of the European Union, 2012), and the main reported causative agent in foodborne outbreaks ( EFSA and ECDC, 2014). The reservoirs are mainly poultry, but also cattle, swine and sheep ( Pui et al., 2011). Human salmonellosis is mainly caused by contaminated food consumption ( EFSA and ECDC, 2014). Listeria monocytogenes has a low annual incidence worldwide. About 1500 and 2500 cases per year are recorded in EU and in the USA, respectively ( Bhunia, 2008a and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention, Control (ECDC), 2014). However, because of its high mortality rate (between 20 and 30%), listeriosis ranks among the most frequent human death causes due to foodborne illnesses in the USA and EU ( Barton et al., 2011 and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Centre for Disease Prevention, Control (ECDC), 2014). Listeria spp. principal reservoirs are
soil, forage, water and farm animals’ intestinal tract (cattle, sheep, goats, etc.) ( Edoxaban Bhunia, 2008a). The main transmission route to humans is contaminated food consumption ( EFSA and ECDC, 2014). As foodborne pathogen reservoirs are mainly farm animals, foodstuffs from animals are controlled according to the regulation (EC) No. 854/2004 (Commission of the European Union, 2004). Meat is one of the most important foodborne pathogen vehicles (Commission of the European Union, 2005). Meat is usually contaminated on the surface during the slaughter process by faecal contamination during evisceration (FSA, 2002). The meat contamination by foodborne pathogens is assessed by carcasses monitoring at slaughterhouse. Carcasses sampling can be performed by destructive (excision or drilling) or by non-destructive methods (swabbing). The latter presents the advantages to be non-destructive and causes no damage to the carcasses (no commercial impact), and it allows the sampling of a large surface (up to 1600 cm2/carcass (EFSA and ECDC, 2014)).
Rescue experiments surprisingly revealed that mutant Doc2B lackin
Rescue experiments surprisingly revealed that mutant Doc2B lacking functional Ca2+-binding sites was fully capable of rescuing the decrease in minifrequency induced by the DR KD and also rescued the altered apparent Ca2+ affinity of minirelease (Figure 4). Thus, Doc2 is unlikely to function as a Ca2+ sensor for minirelease, but rather acts in a structural, Ca2+-independent role to maintain spontaneous minirelease consistent with a special status of spontaneous release (Sara et al., 2005 and Fredj
and Burrone, 2009). Our buy RO4929097 results appear to contradict those of Groffen et al. (2010) who did not use mutations blocking Ca2+-binding to Doc2B to test its role in minirelease, but other point mutations that supported a Ca2+ sensor role for Doc2B in minirelease. However, this apparent contradiction can be explained if one considers our current understanding of C2 domains. Groffen et al. (2010) examined a gain-of-function mutation in the
Ca2+-binding mutations of the Doc2B C2A domain that was modeled after a similar mutation in Syt1 (Pang et al., 2006 and Stevens and Sullivan, 2003) and was also independently tested for Doc2B in chromaffin cells (Friedrich et al., 2008). The fact that this mutation increases minirelease in synapses does not necessarily mean that Doc2B is a direct Ca2+ sensor for release, but could equally change its structural role in minirelease especially because no correlation of a change in Ca2+ affinity of Doc2B with that of minirelease, as documented for Syt1 (Xu et al., 2009), was reported. Thus, it seems likely MTMR9 that Doc2 proteins are evolutionarily MG-132 datasheet novel effectors for spontaneous minirelease which may have additional, as yet uncharacterized Ca2+-dependent functions. All shRNA expression, with and without rescue, was performed with the same lentiviral vector system (Pang et al., 2010; see Figure 1B for the schematic diagram of vectors). Oligonucleotide sequences are described in Supplemental
Experimental Procedures. Production of recombinant lentiviruses was achieved by transfection of HEK293T cells with FuGENE-6 (Roche) as described (Pang et al., 2010; see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). Cortical neurons were cultured from neonatal wild-type or Syt1 KO mice as described (Pang et al., 2010), infected at 5 days in vitro (DIV5), and analyzed at DIV14–16 (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures for detailed descriptions). Electrophysiological recordings were performed by using whole-cell recordings and concentric extracellular stimulation electrodes (Maximov et al., 2007; see Supplemental Experimental Procedures). Purification and biophysical analyses of recombinant proteins were performed as described in the Supplemental Experimental Procedures. Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting were performed as described (Chubykin et al., 2007). We thank Ira Huryeva for excellent technical support and Dr.
We next wanted to assess whether target-derived BDNF has a physio
We next wanted to assess whether target-derived BDNF has a physiological role in regulating the levels of SMAD1/5/8 in axons in developing embryos. During early embryonic development, BDNF expression is principally localized to the maxillary and ophthalmic mesenchyme, with highest expression toward the
epithelium, but is absent from the mandibular mesenchyme (Arumäe et al., 1993 and O’Connor and Tessier-Lavigne, 1999). The absence of BDNF in the mandibular mesenchyme matches with the absence of SMAD1/5/8 from the mandibular branch in E12.5 mouse embryos (Figures 3A and S3A). This correspondence suggests a Selleckchem Z VAD FMK causal role for BDNF in controlling axonal SMAD1/5/8 levels in vivo. To determine if BDNF physiologically regulates axonal SMAD levels, we examined axonal SMAD levels in maxillary and ophthalmic axons of the trigeminal ganglia in E12.5 BDNF−/− mouse embryos. Selleck BYL719 BDNF−/− embryos exhibit normal trigeminal ganglion development, as well as normal trigeminal axon growth and pathfinding in early embryonic development ( Ernfors et al., 1994 and O’Connor and Tessier-Lavigne, 1999). While SMAD1/5/8 was readily detectable in
maxillary axons of BDNF+/− littermate control embryos, axonal SMAD1/5/8 levels were markedly reduced in BDNF−/− embryos ( Figures 8A and S8A–S8C). Similarly, SMAD1/5/8 levels were markedly reduced in the ophthalmic bundle in BDNF−/− embryos compared to BDNF+/− littermate controls ( Figure S8D). These data suggest that target-derived BDNF physiologically regulates the expression of SMAD1/5/8 in axons. Our experiments using cultured neurons suggest that BDNF promotes the ability of BMP4 to retrogradely induce the expression of Tbx3, a positional identity marker for maxillary/ophthalmic trigeminal neurons. either To further examine this idea, we asked whether mandibular neurons can be induced to express maxillary/ophthalmic positional
identity markers. Explants derived from either the maxillary/ophthalmic or the mandibular portion of E13.5 rat trigeminal ganglia were cultured in microfluidic chambers. Application of BDNF/BMP4 to the axonal compartment led to Tbx3 expression in both maxillary/ophthalmic and mandibular explants ( Figure S8E). These results suggest that the mandibular neurons have the capacity to express maxillary/ophthalmic positional identity markers, but most likely do not because they are not physiologically exposed to BDNF and BMP4. To address the physiological role of BDNF in regulating the patterning of the trigeminal ganglia, we examined positional identity markers in BDNF−/− embryos. In E12.5 control (BDNF+/−) embryos, pSMAD1/5/8 and Tbx3 are highly expressed in the nuclei of maxillary- and ophthalmic-innervating neurons of the trigeminal ganglia ( Figure 8B).
At rest, most neurons are primarily permeable to K+, resulting in
At rest, most neurons are primarily permeable to K+, resulting in an RMP closer to the equilibrium (Nernst) potential of K+ (EK ∼−90 mV) than to that of Na+ (ENa, ∼+60 mV). The influence of Cl− can be complex because of large variation in intracellular Cl− concentrations ([Cl]i), thus ECl, due to variation in the expression of Cl− transporters. For example, [Cl]i starts high in the immature hippocampal neurons but decreases during see more maturation because of increases in the expression
of KCC2 K+/Cl− cotransporter and the increase in Cl− exclusion, resulting ECl switching from being depolarized to RMP to one that’s hyperpolarized to RMP (Rivera et al., 1999). As a consequence, the same neurotransmitter GABA acting through the Cl− channel
GABAA receptor can be excitatory in an immature neuron but inhibitory in adult (Ben-Ari et al., 1989). In some neurons without much active Cl− transporter activity, Cl− is generally believed to have less direct effect on RMP because the ion distributes across the membrane passively (i.e., iCl = 0), resulting a simplified GHK equation where RMP is mainly determined by the cell’s relative permeability to Na+ and K+ (PNa/PK) (Hodgkin, 1958). Many Cl− conductances have been molecularly identified (Jentsch et al., 2002). Similarly, numerous K+ channels contribute resting K+ conductances. In addition to some voltage-gated K+ channels (KV) that are open at check details RMP, there are K+ conductances that are voltage-independent and are constitutively open at RMP; these contribute the “leak” K+ current. In mammals, the two pore-domain family of Cytidine deaminase K+ leak channels (K2P) has 16 members (Goldstein et al., 2005). K2P channels can be regulated by a wide variety of physiological stimuli such as pH, anesthetics, and mechanical force. The regulation of these channels provides a powerful mechanism by which the neuron can control its excitability (Honoré, 2007). Despite the dominant contribution of K+ channels to the resting
conductance of neurons, the RMP of most mammalian neurons is in the range of −50 to −80 mV (as far as 40 mV depolarized to EK), suggesting existence of other resting conductances. Indeed, each of the three cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) in the Ringer’s solution used in early heart-beat studies has been shown to influence neuronal excitability (Frankenhaeuser and Hodgkin, 1955, Hodgkin and Katz, 1949a, Hodgkin and Katz, 1949b and Ringer, 1883). However, the means by which Na+ and Ca2+ influence basal excitability are not well elucidated. Data accumulated in the past several years suggest that NALCN, a Na+ -permeable, nonselective cation channel widely expressed in the nervous system, contributes a TTX-resistant Na+ leak conductance (Lu et al., 2007). In addition, the channel also plays a major role in determining the sensitivity to extracellular Ca2+ of neuronal excitability. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '4', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8886310458183289}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '70337', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:5KLUM5MHWJORRO7QOKWKWLMWP6ZPYB6T', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:32dc6532-eb8e-4ea7-8a86-add48430d134>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 9, 19, 17, 12, 37), 'WARC-IP-Address': '104.28.27.41', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:A55OVECCOAP6JTKAQBXJN2MD2XHC4Q27', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:bc23eefe-f967-4ee9-9b48-4b269051e956>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://pkcsignaling.com/2017/05/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:027efcad-ca8e-4efb-8a9b-2bb34cdc15fe>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '4078', 'url': 'http://pkcsignaling.com/2017/05/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-31-7.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-39\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for September 2017\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018731534481048584', 'original_id': '053849ec0881707ee5c77209b76ddfabc10aa51cc4d630004b7a35158e31156d'} |
But, as this fault was never, on any other occasion, imputed to him eren by his detractors, we may not unreason- ably attribute to policy what to super- ficial or malicious observers seemed to be vanity. He probably thought it important, at the commencement of a new era in the relations between the two great kingdoms of the West, to hold high the dignity of the Crown which he wore. He well knew, in- deed, that the greatness of a prince does not depend on piles of silver bowls and chargers, trains of gilded coaches, and multitudes of running footmen in brocade, and led horses in velvet housings. But he knew also that the subjects of Lewis had, during the long reign of their magnificent sovereign, been accustomed to see power constantly associated with pomp, and would hardly believe that the sub- stance existed unless they were dazzled bythetrappin|ft^Q0Qgl(> 1698. WILLIAM THE THIRD. 246 If the object of William was to strike the imagination of the French people, he completely succeeded. The stately and gorgeons appearance which the English embassy made on public occa- sions was, during some time, the general topic of conyersation at Paris. Port- land enjoyed a popularity which con- trasts strangely with the extreme un- popularity which he had incurred in England. The contrast will perhaps seem less strange when we consider what immense sums he had accumu- lated at the expense of the English, and what immense sums he was laying out for the benefit of the French. It must also be remembered that he could not confer or correspond with English- men in their own language, and that the French tongue was at least as &miliar to him as that of his native Holland. He, therefore, who here was called greedy, niggardly, dull, brutal, whom one English nobleman had de- scribed as a block of wood, and another as just capable of carrying a message rights was in the brilliant circles of France considered as a model of grace, of dignily and of munificence, as a dexterous negotiator and a finished gentleman. He was the better liked because he was a Dutchman. For, though fortune had favoured William, though considerations of policy had in- duced the Court of Versailles to ac- knowledge him, he. was still, in the estimation of that Court, an usurper; and his English councillors and cap- tains were peijured traitors who richly deserved axes and halters, and might, perhaps, get what they deserved. But Bentinck was not to be confounded with Leeds and Marlborough, Orfordand Go- dolphin. He had broken no oath, had vioLEited no law. He owed no allegiance to the House of Stuart ; and the fidelity and zeal with which he had discharged his duties to his own country and his own master entitled him to respect. The no- ble and powerful vied with each other in paying honour to the stranger. The Ambassador was splendidly en- tertained by the Duke of Orleans at St. Cloud, and by the Dauphin at Meu- don. A Marshal of France was charged to do the honouzs of Marli; and Lewis graciously expressed his concern that the frosts of an ungenial spring pre- vented the fountains and fiower beds &om appearing to advantage. On one occasion Portland was distinguished, not only by being selected to hold the waxlight in the royal bedroom, but by being invited to go within the balus- trade which surrounded the couch, a magic crrde which the most illustrious foreigners had hitherto found impass- able. The SecretaiT shared largely in the attentions whicn were paid to his chie£ The Prince of Cond6 took pleasure in talking with him on literary subjects. The courtesy of the aged Bossuet, the gloiy of the Church of Bome, was long gratefiilly remembered by the young heretic. Boileau had the good sense and good feeling to ex- change a friendly greeting with the aspiring novice who had administered to him a discipline as severe as he had administered to Quinault The great King himself warmly praised Prior^s manners and conversation, a circum- stance which will be thought remark- able when it is remembered that His Mijesty was an excellent model and an excellent judge of gentlemanlike deportment, and that Prior had passed his boyhood in drawing corks at a tavern, and his early manhood in the seclusion of a college. The Secretary did not however carry his politeness so far as to re&ain from asserting, on proper occasions, the dignity of his country and of his master. He looked coldly on the twenty one celebrated pictures in which Le Brun had repre- sented on the ceiling of the gallery of Versailles the exploits of Lewis. When he was sneeringly asked whether Ken- sington Palace could boast of such decorations, he answered with spirit and propriety : " No, Sir. The memo- rials of the great things which my master has done are to be seen in many places ; but not in his own house." Great as was the success of the em- bassy, there was one drawback. James was still at St. Germains; and round the mock King were gathered a mock Court and Council, a Great Seal and a Privy Seal, a crowd of garters, and collars, white staves and sold kevs. Digitized by VjOOQLC 246 HISTORY OF ENGLAOT). Ch. xxin. Against the pleasure which the marked attentions of the French princes and grandees gare to Portland, was to be set off the vexation which he felt when Middleton crossed his path with the busy look of a real Secretaiy of State. iBnt it was with emotions far deeper that the Ambassador saw on the terraces and in the antechambers of Versailles men who had been deeply implicated inplots against the life of his master. ILe expressed his indigna- tion loudly and yehemently. *• I hope," he said, "that there is no design in this; that these wretches are not purposely thrust in my way. When they come near me all my blood runs back in my veins." His words were reported to Lewis. Lewis employed Bouffters to smooth matters; and Boufflers took occasion to say something on the sub- ject as if from himself. Portland easily divined that in talking with BouflSers he was really talking with Lewis, and eagerly seized the opportunity of repre- senting the expediency, the absolute necessity, of removing James to a greater distance from England. '^It was not contemplated. Marshal," he said, " when we arranged the terms of peace in Brabant, that a palace in the suburbs of Paris was to continue to be an asylum for outlaws and murderers." "Nay, my Lord," said Boufflers, uneasy doubtless on his own account, " you will not, I am sure, assert that I gave you any pledge that King James would be required to leave France. You are too honourable a man, you are too much my friend, to say any such thing." ** It is true," answered Portland, " that I did not insist on a positive promise from you ; but remember what passed. I proposed that King James should retire to Borne or Modena. Then you suggested Avignon; and I assented. Certainly my regard for you makes me very uuwilUng to do anything that would give you pain. But my master's interests are dearer to me than all the friends that I have in the world put together. I must tell His Most Chris- tian Majesty all that passed between us ; and I hope that, when I tell him, you wiU be present, and that you will be able to bear witness that I have not put a single word of mine into yOnr mouth." When BonfSers had argued and ex- postulated in vain, Villeroy was sent on the same errand, but had no better success. A few days later Portland had a long private audience of Lewis. Lewis dedarod that he was determined to keep his word, to preserve the peace of Europe, to abstain from everything which could give just cause of offence to England; but that^ as a man of honour, as a man of humanity, he ooiold not refuse shelter to an mifortunate King, his own first cousin. Portland replied that nobody questioned His Ma- jesty's good fftith; but that while Saint G^ermoinswas occupied by its present inmates it would be beyond even His Majesty's pow«r to prevent eternal plotting between them and the male- contents on the other side of the Straits of Dover, and that, while such plotting went on, the peace must necessarily he insecure. The question was really not one of humanity. It was not asked, it was not wished, that James should be left destitute. Nay, the English go- vernment was wiUing to allow him an income larger than Siat which he de- rived from the munificence of France. Fifty thousand pounds a year, to which, in strictness of law he had no rig^t, awaited his acceptance, if he wotdd only move to a greater distance from the country which, while he was near it, could never be at rest. I^ in such dicumstances, he refused to move, this was the strongest reason for believing that he could not safelv be suffered to stay. The &ct that &e thought the difference between residing at St. Ghir- mains and residing at Avignon worth more than fifty thousand a year suffi- ciently proved that he had not relin- quished the hope of being restored to his throne by means of a rebellion or of something worse. Lewis answered that on that point his resolution was un- alterable. He never would compel his guest and kinsman to depart " There IS another matter," said Portland, " about which I have felt it my duty to make representations. I mean the countenance given to the assassixw.* ** I know notmng dbiput assassins," said Digitized by VjC 1698. WILLIAM THE THIRD. 2«7 Lewis. "Of coupse/* answered- the Ambassador, " your Majesty knows nothing abont snch men. At least jonr Mi^esty does not know them for what they are. But I can point them ' oat^ and can furnish ample proofs of their gnilt" He then named Berwick. For £e English €k>Yemment, which had been willing to make large allow- ances for Berwick's pecnliar position as long as he oonfinea himself to acts of cypen and manly hostility, conceived that he had forfeited all claim to indul- gience by becoming privy to the Assas- sination Plot. This man, Portland said, constantly haunted Versailles. Barclay, whose gailt was of a still deeper dye, — ^Barclay, the chief con- trLver of the mnrd«x>iis ambHscade of Toinham Gbreen, — ^had foond in France, not only an asylnm, but an honourable military position. The monk who was sometimes called Harrison and some- times went by the alias of Johnson, bat who, whetoer Harrison or Johnson, had been one of the earliest and one of the most bloodthirsty of Barcla/s ac- complices, was now comfortably settled as prior of a religious house in France. Lewis denied or cTaded all these charges. " I never,** he said, " heard of your Harrison. As to Barclay, he certainly once had a company : but it has been disbanded ; and what has be- come of him I do not know. It is true that Berwick was in London towards the dose of 1695 ; but he was there only for the purpose of ascertaining whether a descent on England was practicable: and I am confident that he was no party to any cruel and dis- honourable design.** In truth Lewis had a strong personal motive for de- fending Berwick. The guilt of Ber- wick as respected the Assassination Plot does not appear to have extended beyond connivance ; and to the extent of connivance Lewis himself was guilty. Thus the audience terminated. ^1 that was left to Portland was to an- nounce that the exiles must make their choice between Saint G^rmains and fifty thousand a year ; that l^e protocol of Byswick bound the English govern- ment to pay to Mary of Modena only what the law gave her; that the law gave her nothing; that consequently tiie English government was bound to nothing ; and that^ while she, her hus- band andher child remained where they were, she should have nothing. It was hoped that this announcement would produce a considerable effect even in James's household; and in- deed some of his hungry courtiers and priests seem to have thought the chance of a restoration so small that it would be absurd to refuse a splendid income, though coupled with a condition which might make that small chance some- what smaller. But it is certain that; if there was murmuring among the Jacobites, it was disregarded by James. He was fiilly resolved not to move, and was only confirmed in his resolution by learning that he was regarded by the usurper as a dangerous neighbour. Lewis paid so much regard to Port- land's complaints as to intimate to Middleton a request, equivalent to a command, that the Lords and gentle- men who formed the retinue of the banished King of England would not come to Versailles on days on which the representative of the actual King was expected there. But at other places there was constant risk of an encounter which might have produced several duels, if not an European war. James indeed, far from shunning such encounters, seems to have taken a per- verse pleasure in thwarting his bene- factor's wish to keep the peace, and in placing the Ambassador in embarrass- ing situations. One day his Excel- lency, while drawing on his boots for a run with the Dauphin's celebrated wolf pack, was informed that Kin^ James meant to be of the party, and was forced to stay at home. Mother day, when his Excellency had set his heart on having some sport with the royal staghoun<£, he was informed by the Grand Huntsman that King James might probably come to the rendezvous without any notice. Melfort was parti- cularly active in laying traps for the young noblemen and gentlemen of the Legation. The Prince of Wales was more than once placed in such a situa^ tion that they could scarcely avoid passing dose to him. Were they te Digitized by LjOOQLC ' 248 mSTOBY OF ENGLAND. Ch. XXIIL talntehim? Were tliey to stand erectaad covered while everybody else saluted liim ? No EDglishman zealous for the Bill of Bight« and the Protestant re- liffioa would willingly do anything which could be construed into an act of homage to a Popish pretender. Yet no goo£iatured and generous man, however firm in his Whig principles, would willingly offer any thin^ which could look like an affiront to an innocent and a most unfortunate child. . Meanwhile other matters of grave tu importance claimed Portland's iS^S^ attention. There was one mat- ■*»»• ter in particular about which tue French nunisters anxiously ex- pected him to say something, but about which he observed strict silence. How to interpret that silence they scarcely knew. They were certain only that it could not be the effect of unconcern. They were well assured that the subject which he so carefully avoided was nerer» during two waking hours to- gether, out of his thoughts or out of the thoughts of his master. Nay, there was not in all Christendom a single politician, from the greatest ministers of state down to the silliest news- mongers of coffeehouses, who really felt that indifference whidi the prudent Ambassador of England affected. A momentous events, whidi had during many years been constantly becoming more and more probable, was now cer- tain and near< Charles the Second of Spain, the last descendant in the male line of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, would soon die without posterity. Who would then be the heir to his many kingdoms, dukedoms, counties, lord- ships, acquired in different ways, held by different titles and subject to differ- ent laws? That was a question about which jurists differed, and which it was not likely that jurists would, even if they were unanimous, be suffered to decide. Among the claimants were the mightiest sovereigns of .the continent: there was little chance that they would submit to any arbitration but that of the sword ; and it could not be hoped that, if they appealed to the sword, other potentates who had no preten- sion to any part of the disputed in- heritance would long remain neutral For there was in Western Europe no government which did not feel that its own prosperity, dignity and secu- rity, might depend on Uie event of the contest. It is true that the empire, which had in the preceding century, threatened both France and England with sobju- gation, had of late been of hardly so much account as the Duchy of Savoy or the Electorate of Brandenburg. Bnt it bv no means followed that the £ite of that empire was matter of indiffer- ence to the rest of the world. The paralytic helplessness and drowsioen of the body once so formidable ooold not be imputed to any deficiency of the natural elements of power. The do- minions of the Catholic King were in extent and in population superior to those of Lewis and of William united. Spain alone, without a single depen- dency, ought to have been a kingdom of the first rank ; and Spain wds bat the nucleus of the Spanish monarchy. The outlying provinces of that mo- narchy in Europe would have sufficed to make three highly respectable states of the second oraer. One such state might have been formed in the Nether- lands. It would have been a wide ex- panse of cornfield, orchard and meadow, intersected by navi^ble rivers and canals. At short intervals, in that thickly peopled and carefully tilled region, rose stately old towns, encircled by strong fortifications, embellished by fine cathedrals and senato-houses, and renowned either as seats of learning or as seats of mechanical indu»tzy. A second fiourishing principality might have been created between the Alps and the Po, out of that well watered garden of olives and mulberry trees which spreads many miles on every side of the great white temple of Milan. Yet neither the Netherlands nor the Milanese could, in physical advantages, vie with the kingdom of the Two Sici- lies, a land which nature had taken pleasure in enriching and adorning, a land which would have been paradise, if tyranny and superstition had not, during many ages, lavished all their noxious infiuences i:tp the bay of Cain- Digitized by VjOOQLC 169& ^WILLIAM THE THIRD. 249 pania, the plain of Enna, and the sonny banks of Galesos. In America the Spanish territories spread from the Equator northward und southward through all the signs of the 2^diac far into the temperate zone. Thence came gold and silver to be coined in all the mints, and curiously wrought in all the jewellers' shops, of Europe and Asia. Thence came the finest tobacco, the finest chocolate, the finest indigo, the finest cochineal, the liides of innumerable wild oxen, quin- quina, coffee, sugar. Either the vice- Aiiyaity of Mexico or the viceroyalty of je^eru would, as an independent state with ports open to all the world, have ueen an important member of the great community of nations. And yet the aggregate, made up of MO many parts, each of which separately might have been powerful and highly oonsidered, was impotent to a degree which moved at once pity and laughter. Already one most remarkable experi- ment had been tried on this strange empire. A small fragment^ hardly a throe hundredth part of the whole in extent^ hardly a thirtieth part of the whole in population, had been detached irorn. the rest^ had from that moment be^un to display a new energy and to enjoy a new prosperity, and was now, after the lapse of a hundred and twenty years, far more feared and reverenced than the huge mass of which it had once been an obscure com^. What a contrast between the Holland which' Alva had oppressed and plundered, and the Holland from which William had HaUed to deliver England 1 And who, with such an example before him, would venture to foretell what changes might be at hand, if the most languid and torpid of monarchies should be dis- solved, and if every one of the members which had composed it should enter on an independent existence ? To such a dissolution that monarchy was peculiarly liable. The King, and the King alone, held it together. The populations which acknowledged him as their chief either knew nothing of each other, or regarded each other with positive aversion. The Biscayan was in no sense the countryman of the Va- lencian, nor the Lombard of the Bis- cayan, nor the Fleming of the Lombard, nor the Sicilian of the Fleming. The Arragonese had never ceased to pine for their lost independence. Within the memory of many persons still living the Catalans had risen in rebellion, had entreated Lewis the Thirteenth of France to become their ruler with the old title of Count of Barcelona, and had actually sworn fealty to him. Before the Catalans had been quieted, the Neapolitans had taken arms, had abjured their foreign master, had pro- clfumed their city a republic, and had elected a Doge. Jn the New World the small caste of bom Spaniards which had the exclusive ei^joyment of power and digniW was hated by Creoles and Indians, Mestizos and Quadroons. The Mexicans especially had turned their eyes on a chief who bore the name and had inherited the blood of the unhappy Montezuma. Thus it seemed that the empire against which Elizabeth and Henry the Fourth had been scarcely able to contend would not improbably Ml to pieces of itself, and that the first violent shock from without would scatter the ill-cemented parts of the huge fabric in all directions. But, though such a dissolution had no terrors for the Catalonian or tho Fleming, for the Lombard or the Ca- labrian, for the Mexican or the Peruvian, the thought of it was torture and mad- ness to the Castilian. Castile enjoyed the supremacy in that great assemblage of races and languages. Castile sent out governors to Brussels, Milan, Na- ples, Mexico, Lima. To Castile came the annual galleons laden with the treasures of America. In Castile were ostentatiously displayed and lavisliJy spent great fortunes made in remote provinces by oppression and corruption. In Castile were the King and his Courts There stood the stately Escurial, once the centre of the politics of the world, the place to which distant potentates looked, some with hope and gratitude, some with dread and hatred, but none without anxiety and awe. The glory of the house had indeed departed. It was long since couriers bearing orders big with the fiite of kings ^d common- Digitized by VjOOQLC 260 HISTORY OF BNGLANI). Ca.XXin. wealths had riddflo forth from thoM gloomy portals. Militaiy renown, ma- ritime ascendency, the policy once re- Sated so profound, the wealth once eemed inochanstible, had passed away. An undisciplined army, a rotting fleet, an incapable conneil, an empty treasury, were aU that remained of that which had been so great. . Yet the proudest of nations coud not bear to part even with the name and the shadow of a supremacy which was no more. All, from the grandee of the first class to the peasant, looked forward with dread to the day when God should be pleased to take their king to himsell Some of them might haTe a predilection for Oermany: but such predilections were subordinate to a stronger feeling. The paramount object was the integrity of the empire of which Castile was the head; and the prince who should appear to be most likely to preserve that integrity unyiolated would have the best right to the allegiance of every true Castilian. No man of sense, however, out of Castile, when he considered the nature of the inheritance and the situation of the chumants, could doubt that a par- tition was inevitable. Among those claimants three stood pre-eminent^ the Dauphin, the Emperor Leopold, and the Electoral Prince of Bavana. If the question had been simply one of pedigree, the right of the Dauphin would have been incontestable. Lewis the Fourteenth had married the In- fanta Maria Theresa, eldest daughter of Philip the Fourth and sister of Charles the Second. Her eldest son, the Dauphin, would therefore, in the regular course of things, have been her brothei^s successor. But she had, at the time of her mazriage, renounced, for herself and her posterity, all pre- tensions to the Spanish crown. To that renunciation her husband had assented. It had been made an article of the Treaty of the Pyrenees. The Pope had been requested to give his apostolical sanction to an arrange- ment so important to the peace of Europe; and Lewis had sworn, by everything that could bind a gentle- man, a king, and a Christian, by his honour, by his royal word, by the canon of the Mass, by the Holy Gospels, hj the Cross of Christ, that he would hold the renunciation sacred.* The daim of the Emperor was de- rived from his mother Maiy Anne, daughter of Philip the Third, and aunt of Charles the Second, and could not therefore^ if nearness of blood alone were to be regarded, come into competition with the dsom of the Dauphin. But the daim of the Em- peror was barred by no renunciatioiL The rival pretensions of the great Houses of Bourbon and Hapsbuig furnished all Europe with an inex- haustible subject of discussion. Plau- sible topics were not wanting to the supporters of either cause. The par- tisans of the House of Austria dwelt on the sacredness of treaties ; the par- tisans of France on the sacredness of birthright How, it was asked on one side, can a Christian king have the e&onteiy, the impiety, to insist on a daim wluch ho has with such solemnity renounced in the face of heaven and earth? How, it was asked on the other side, can the fundamental laws of a monarchy be annulled by any authority but that of the supreme legislature ? The only body which was competent to take away from the children of Maria Theresa their here- ditary rights was the Costes. The Cortes hi^ not ratified her renuncia- tion. That renunciation was therefore a nullity ; and no swearing, no signing, no sealing, could turn that nullity into a reality. Whidi of these two mighty com- petitors had the better case may per- haps be doubted. What could not be doubted was that neither would obtain the prize without a struggle which wofuld shake the world. Nor can we justly * ItisworChwhiletotraaaaribe th« wordi of the engagemoit whioh Lewis, a ohivalroufl and a deront prince, violated without the smallest somple. " Nous, Louis, par la grace de Diea, Roi trte Chretien de France et de Ka- yarre, promettons poor notre honneor, en foi et Tpaxole de Boi, jurons snr la croix, les saints Evangiles, et les canons de la Mease, qae nous avons toudi^ qne noos oheerverona et aooom- plirons entidrement de bonne fbi tout et oha- cun des points et articles oontenns an trait6 de paix, renonciation, efe-amiti6.**f tizedbyVljOOgLe 1698. WILLIAM THE THIED. 261 blame either for refhsmg to give way to the other. For, on this occasion, the chief motive which actnated them was, not greediness, but the fear of degradation and ruin. Lewis, in re- solring to pnt everything to hazard rather than suffer the power of the House of Austria to be doubled; Leopold, in determining to put every- thing to hazard rather than suffer the power of the House of Bourbon to be doubled ; merely obeyed the law of self preservation. There was therefore one way, and one alone, by which the great woe which seemed to be toming on Europe could be averted. Was it pos- sible that the dispute might be com- promised? Might not the two great rivals be induced to make to a third party concessions such as neither could reasonably be expected to make to the other? The third party, to whom all who were anxious for the peace of Christen- dom looked as their best hope, was a child of tender age, Joseph, son of the Elector of Bavaria. His mother, the' Mectress Mary Antoinette, was the only child of the Emperor Leopold by his first wife Margaret, a younger sister of the Queen of Lewis the Four- teenth. Prince Joseph was, therefore, nearer in blood to the Spanish throne than his grand£a.ther the Emperor, or than the sons whom the Emperor bad by his second wife. The Infanta Mar^ garet had indeed, at the time of her marriage, renounced her rights to the kingdom of her forefathers. But the renunciation wanted many formalities which had been observed in her sister^s case, and might be considered as can- celled by the will of Philip the Fourth, which had declared that, failing his issue male, Margaret and her posterity would be entitled to inherit his Crown. The partisans of France held that the Bavarian claim was better than the Austrian claim ; the partisans of Aus- tria held that the Bavarian claim was better than the French claim. But that which really constituted the strength of the Bavarian claim was the weakness of the Bavarian govern- ment. The Electoral Prince was the only candidate whose success would alarm nobody; would not make it necessary for any power to raise ano- ther regiment, to man another frigate, to have in store another barrel of gun- powder. He was therefore the favourite candidate of prudent and peaceable men in every country. Thus all Europe was divided into the French, the Austrian, and the Bavarian factions. The contests of these factions were daily renewed in every place where men congregated, from Stockholm to Malta, and £K)m Lisbon to Smyrna. But the fiercest and most obstinate conflict was that which raged in the palace of the Catholic King. Much depended on him. For, though it was not pretended that he was competent to alter bv his sole authority the law which regulated the descent of the Crown, yet, in a case in which the law was doubtful, it was probable that his subjects might be disposed to accept the construction which he might put upon it» and to support the claimant whom he might, either by a solemn adoption or by will, designate as the rightful heir. It was also in the power of the reigning Sove- reign to entrust all the most important offices in his kingdom, the government of all the provinces subject to him in the Old and in the New World, and the keys of all his fortresses and arse- nals, to persons zealous for the family which he was inclined to favour. It was difScult to say to what extent the fate of whole nations might be affected by the conduct of the officers who, at the time of his decease, might command the garrisons of Barcelona^ of Mons, and of Namur. The prince on whom so much de- pended was 'the most miserable of n\iman beings. In old time he would have been exposed as soon as he came into the world; and to expose him would have been a kindness. From his birth a bUght was on his body and on his mind. With difficulty his almost imperceptible spark of life had been screened and fanned into a dim and flickering flame. His childhood, except when he could be rocked and sung into sickly sleep, was one louff piteous wail. Till he was ten years ela 252 HISTOBY OF ENGLAND. ch. xxm. his days were passed on the laps of women : and he was never once suf- fered to stand on his ricketty legs. None of those tawny little urchins, clnd in ro^ stolen from scarecrows, \vhom Munllo loved to paint begging or rolling in the sand, owed less to education than this despotic ruler of thirty millions of subjects. The most important events in the histoxy of his own kingdom, the very names of pro- vinces and cities which were among his most valuable possessions, were onknown to him. It may well be doubted whether he was aware that Sicily was an island, that Christopher Columbus had discovered America^ or that the Enslish were not Mahometans. In his youw, however, though too im- becile for study or for business, he was not incapable of being amused. He shot, hawked and hunted. He enjoyed with the delight of a true Spaniard two delightful spectacles, a horse with its bowels gored out^ and a Jew writhing in the &re. The time came when the mightiest of instincts ordinarily wakens &om its repose. It was hoped that the young King would not prove invincible to female attractions, and that he would leave a Prince of Asturias to succeed him. A consort was found for him in the royal family of France ; and her beauty and grace gave him a lan- guid pleasure. He liked to adorn her with jewels, to see her dance, and to tell her what sport he had had with his dogs and hu falcons. But it was soon whispered that she was a wife only in name. She died; and her place was supplied by a German princess nearly allied to the Imperial House. But the second marriage, like the first, proved barren ; and, long before the Eong had passed the prime of life, all the poli- ticians of Europe had begun to take it for granted in all their calculations that he would be the last descendant^ in the male line, of Charles the Fifth. Meanwhile a sullen and abject melan- choly took possession of his soul. The diversions which had been the serious emplo3nnent of his youth became dis- tastefiil to him. He ceased to find pleasure in his nets and boar spears, in the fandango and the bullfight. Some- times he shut himself up in an inner chamber from the eyes of iiis courtiers. Sometimes he loitered alone, from sun- rise to sunset, in the dreary and rugged wilderness which surrounds the Escurial. The hours which he did not waste in listless indolence were divided between childish sports and childish devotions. He delighted in rare ani- mals, and still more in dwarfs. When neither strange beasts nor little men could dispel Sie black thoughts which gathered in his mind, he repeated Aves and Credos : he walked in processions : sometimes he starved himself: some- times he whipped himself. At length a complication of maladies completed the ruin of all his faculties. His stomach fiiUed: nor was this strange: for in him the malformation of the jaw, characteristic of his family, was so serious that he could not masticate his food ; and he was in the habit of swallowing oUas and sweetmeats in the state in which they were set before him. While suffering from indigestion he was attacked by ague. Every third day his convulsive tremblings, his de- jection, his fits of wandering, seemed to indicate the approach of dissolution. His misery was increased by the know- ledge that everybody was calculating how long he had to live, and wondeiring what would become of his kingdoms when he should be dead. The stately dignitaries of his household, the physicians who ministered to his dis- eased body, the divines whose business was to sooth his not less diseased mind, the very wife who should have been intent on those gentle offices by which female tenderness can alleTiate even the misery of hopeless deciiy, were all thinking of the new world which was to commence with his death, and would have been perfectly willing to see him in the hands of the em- balmer if they could have been certain that his successor would be the prince whose interest they espoused. As yet the party of the Emperor seemed to predominate. Charles had a faint sort of preference for the House of Austaria, which was his own house, and a faint sort of antipathy to the House of Bourbon, with whjich he had been Digitized by VjOOQ LC 1698. WILLIAM THE THIBB. 25a quarrelling, he did not well know why, ever since he could remember. His Queen, whom he did not love, but of whom he stood greatly in awe, was ^evoted to the interests of her kinsman the Emperor ; and with her was closely leagued the Count of Melgar, Here- ditary Admiral of Castile and Prime Minister. Such was the state of the question of the Spanish succession at the time when Portland had his first public audience at Versailles. The French ministers were certain that he must be constantly thinking about that question, and were therefore perplexed by his evident determination to say nothing about it. They watched his lips in the hope that he would at least let fall some unguarded word indicating the hopes or fears entertained by the English and Butch Governments. But Portland was not a man out of whom much was to be got in that way. Ka- tnre and habit cooperating had made him the best keeper of secrets in Europe. Lewis therefore directed Pom- ponne and Torcy, two ministers of eminent ability, who had under him- self, the chief direction of foreign afl&irs, to introduce the subject which the discreet confidant of William seemed studiously to avoid. Pomponne and Torcy accordingly repaired to the English embassy, and there opened one of the most remarkable negotia- tions recorded in the annals of Euro- pean diplomacy. The two French statesmen professed in their master's name the most earnest desire, not only that the peace might remain unbroken, but that there might be a dose union between the Courts of Versailles and Kensington. One event only seemed likely to raise new troubles. If the Catholic king should die before it had been settled who should succeed to his immense dominions, there was but too much reason to fear that the nations, which were just beginning to breathe after an exhausting and devas- tating struggle of nine years, would be again in arms. His Most Christian Majesty was therefore desirous to em- ploy the short interval which might still remain, in concerting with the King of England the means of preserving the tranquillity of the world. Portland made a courteous but guarded answer. He could not, he said, presume to say exactly what William's sentiments were : but this he knew, that it was not solely or chiefly by the sentiments of the King of Engknd that the policy of England on a great occasion would be regulated. The islanders must and would have their government administered accord- ing to certain maxims which they held sacred ; and of those maxims they held none more sacred than this, that every increase of the power of France ought to be viewed with extreme jealousy. Pomponne and Torcy answered tliat their master was most desirous to avoid everything which could excite the jea- lousy of which Portland had spoken.. But was it of France alone that a nation so enlightened as the English must be- jealous? Was it forgotten that the House of Austria had once aspired to universal dominion ? And would it be wise in the princes and oommonwealthsi of Europe to lend their aid for the purpose of reconstructing the gigantic- monarchy which, in the sixteenth cen- tury, had seemed likely to overwhelm them all? Portland answered that, on this sub- ject^ he must be understood to express only the opinions of a private man. He had however now lived, during some years, among the English, and believed himself to be pretty well acquainted with their temper. They would not, he thought, be much alarmed by any aug- mentation of power which the Emperor might obtain. The sea was their ele- ment. Traffic by sea was the great source of tlieir wealth ; ascendency on the sea the great object of their ambi- tion. Of the Emperor they had no fear. Extensive as was the area which he governed, he had not a frigate on the water ; and they cared nothing for his Pandours and Croatians. But Francft had a great navy. The balance of maritime power was what would be anxiously watched in London ; and the balance of maritime power would not be affected by an union between Spain and A.ustria, but would be-^mpst serl. Digitized by VjOOQ IC 264 HISTOBy OF ENGLAND. Ch-XXHL ously deranged by ah union between Spain and France. Pomponne and Torcy declared that everything should be done to quiet the apprehensions which Portland had de- scribed. It was not contemplated, it was not wished, that France and Spain should be united. The Dauphin and his eldest son the Duke of Burgundy would waive their rights. The younger brothers of the Di3ce of Burgundy, Philip Duke of Anjou and Charles Duke of Berry, were not named : but Portland perfectly understood what was meant. There would, he said, be scarcely less alarm in England if the Spanish domi- nions devolved on a grandson of His Most Christian Majesty than if they were annexed to the French crown. The laudable affection of the young princes for their country and their family, and their profound respect for the great monarch fix)m whom they were descended, would inevitably de- termine their policy. The two king- doms would be one; the two navies would be one; and all other states woidd be reduced to vassalage. Eng- land would rather see the Spanish monarchy added to the Emperor's dominions than governed by one of the younger French princes, who would, though nominally independent, be really a viceroy of France. But in truth there was no risk that the Spanish monarchy would be added to the Em- peror's dominions. He and his eldest son the Archduke Joseph would, no doubt, be as ready to waive their rights as the Dauphin and the Duke of Bur- gundy could be ; and thus the Austrian daim to the disputed ' heritage would pass to the younger Archduke Charles. A long discussion followed. At length Portland plainly avowed, always merely as his own private opinion, what was the opinion of every intelligent man who wished to preserve the peace of the world. " France is afraid," he said, " of everything which can increase the power of the Emperor. All Europe is afraid of everything which can increase the power of France. Why not put an end to all these uneasy feelings at once, by agreeing to place the Electoral Prince of Bavaria on the throne of Spain?" To this suggestion no decisive answer waa returned. The conference ended ; and a courier started for England with a despatch informing William of what had passed, and soliciting further in-^ structions. William, who was, as he had alwayi been, his own Secretary for Foreign Affairs, did not think it necessary to discuss the contents of this despatch with any of his English ministers. The only person whom he consulted was Heinsiufl. Portland received a kind letter warmly approving all that he had said in the conference, and directing him to declare that the English go- vernment sincerely wished to avert 3ie calamities which were but too likely to follow the death of the King of Sjwin, and would therefore be prepar«i to take into serious consideration any de- finite plan which His Most Christian Ma,iesty might think fit to suggest "I will own to you," William wrote to his friend, "that I am so unwilling to he again at war during the short thne which I still have to live, that I will omit nothing that I can honestly and with a safe conscience do for the pTi> pose of maintaining peace." William's message was delivered by Portland to Lewis at a private audience. In a few days Pomponne and Torcy were authorised to propose a plan. They fully admitted that all neigh- bouring states were entitled to demand the strongest security against the union of the French and Spanish crowns. Such security should be given. The Spanish government might be requested to choose between the Duke of Anjoa and the Duke of Berry. The youth who was selected would, at the utmost, be only fifteen years old, and could not be supposed to have any very deeply rooted national prejudices. He shonld be sent to Madrid without French at- tendants, should be educated by Spani- ards, should become a Spaniard. It was absurd to imagine that such a prince would be a mere viceroy of Fiance. | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'historyenglandf26unkngoog_70', 'collection': 'English-PD', 'open_type': 'Open Culture', 'license': 'Public Domain', 'date': '1866.0', 'title': 'The history of England from the accession of James the Second', 'creator': 'Macaulay, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Baron, 1800-1859', 'language': 'English', 'language_type': 'Spoken', 'word_count': '7489', 'token_count': '9886', '__index_level_0__': '19337', 'original_id': '8ef09e7e04ab24f7a5d7720d8636995dc9c04b86a2f26c9d72bf86b8b9dc7f6e'} |
We knew it was coming soon and now it is here, Google just announced that most of the testing tools now support the new evergreen GoogleBot. We have been waiting for this for a couple months since Google launched the evergreen GoogleBot for crawling and indexing and now the tools support it as well.
Google announced "Today we updated most of our testing tools so they are using the evergreen Chromium renderer." The tools that support it include:
Here is one example Google shared saying "While the previous version of the mobile-friendly test doesn't show the page content, the new version does."
Google said the the testing tools reflect how Googlebot processes your pages as closely as possible. With the update to the new Googlebot, Google had to update them to use the same renderer as Googlebot.
Forum discussion at Twitter. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '4c21840c74b7fe379cdd512ece3cd69cd0ec5e48466138822cc23bf1e451f034'} |
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Genesis (Part 40): From Cain and Abel Through The Flood
Welcome back to my study/review of Genesis. If you missed the previous parts of this study, you can find the previous posts HERE. This post is a recap of the last few chapters in an FAQ form.
From Cain and Abel Through The Flood FAQ
FAQ is probably being generous. We’ll say “Occasionally Asked Questions.” This is not a definitive list. I reserve the right to add to this list and/or change my answers over time. I hope that this list of questions and answers will cover the ground we have traveled in this section:
1. Did Adam, Eve, Cain, and Abel interact with Yahweh – in a physical form on the earth – during the years immediately after The Fall?
* The text does not answer explicitly, however, the inference from the text is that yes, they did.
* Genesis 4:3-5 In the course of time Cain brought to the Lord an offering of the fruit of the ground, and Abel also brought of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat portions. And the Lord had regard for Abel and his offering, but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. Here, “the Lord” is translated from the Hebrew for Yahweh. In this verse and in the verses immediately after, it seems that they directly conversed.
* Also keep in mind Genesis 3: 22 Then the Lord God said, “Behold, the man has become like one of us in knowing good and evil. Now, lest he reach out his hand and take also of the tree of life and eat, and live forever—” 23 therefore the Lord God sent him out from the garden of Eden to work the ground from which he was taken. 24 He drove out the man, and at the east of the garden of Eden he placed the cherubim and a flaming sword that turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life. The presence of a guard for the Garden implies a continued celestial presence in the Garden.
2. Why did Yahweh prefer Abel’s offering to Cain’s offering?
* It seems evident from the text – to me at least – that Yahweh’s preference for Abel’s offering was related to the praise-worthy description of it. Abel’s offering was young and fatty (i.e. it was the best of what he had to give.) Cain’s offering – by contrast – is not described with any positive traits.
3. Is Cain the literal offspring of Eve and the serpent?
* Let’s look at 4:1 again. Now Adam knew Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, “I have gotten a man with the help of the Lord.” Is there room in this procreation story verse for anyone other than Adam, Eve, or Yahweh? No. It is fair to say then that the “Serpent Seed Theory” does not hold up to scrutiny under the text.
4. What is the Mark of Cain?
* There is no consensus. Here are some of the theories:
* Abba Arika (“Rav”) said that God gave Cain a dog, making him an example to murderers. Abba Jose ben Hanan said that God made a horn grow out of Cain. R. Hanin said that God made Cain an example to penitents (Gen. Rab. 22:12).
* Rashi comments on Genesis 4:15 by saying that the mark was one of the Hebrew letters of the Tetragrammaton: “He engraved a letter of His [God’s] Name onto his [Cain’s] forehead.
* According to author Ruth Mellinkoff, commentators’ interpretations of the nature of the “mark” depended on their views regarding the status of Cain, as either being given additional time to repent or as being further shamed.
* In Syriac Christianity, early exegesis on the “curse” and the “mark”, associated the curse of Cain with black skin, although not in a racial sense.
* In an Eastern Christian (Armenian) Adam-book (5th or 6th century), it is written: “And the Lord was wroth with Cain. . . He beat Cain’s face with hail, which blackened like coal, and thus he remained with a black face”. Again, this indicated that his face, not his body, had been changed, and that this change had no bearing on any racial or ethnic group.
* At some point after the start of the slave trade in the United States, many Protestant denominations began teaching the belief that the mark of Cain was a dark skin tone, although early descriptions of Romani as “descendants of Cain” written by Franciscan friar Symon Semeonis suggest that this belief had existed for some time. Protestant preachers wrote exegetical analyses of the curse, with the assumption that it was dark skin.
* The split between the Northern and Southern Baptist organizations arose over doctrinal issues pertaining to slavery and the education of slaves. At the time of the split, the Southern Baptist group used the curse of Cain as a justification for slavery. Some 19th- and 20th-century Baptist ministers in the Southern United States taught the belief that there were two separate heavens; one for blacks, and one for whites. Southern Baptists have either taught or practiced various forms of racial segregation well into the mid-to-late-20th century, though members of all races were accepted at worship services. In 1995, the Southern Baptist Convention officially denounced racism and apologized for its past defense of slavery.
* The curse of Cain was used to support a ban on ordaining blacks to most Protestant clergies until the 1960s in both the United States and Europe. The majority of Christian churches in the world, including the Catholic ChurchEastern Orthodox churches, Anglican churches, and Oriental Orthodox churches, did not recognize these interpretations and did not participate in the religious movement to support them. Certain Catholic dioceses in the Southern United States adopted a policy of not ordaining blacks to oversee, administer the sacraments to, or accept confessions from white parishioners. This policy was not based on a “curse of Cain” teaching, but was justified by the widely held perception that slaves should not rule over their masters. However, this was not approved of by the Pope or by any papal teaching.
* Mormonism began during the height of Protestant acceptance of the curse of Cain doctrine in North America, as well as the even more popular curse of Ham doctrine. Like many North Americans, Mormons of the 19th century commonly assumed that black Africans had Cain’s “mark” of black skin, and Ham’s curse to be servants of servants. Joseph Smith indicated his belief in the curse of Ham theory in a parenthetical reference as early as 1831. In the Pearl of Great Price, considered scripture in the LDS movement, Enoch talks about shunning the descendants of Cain and that they had black skin: “And Enoch also beheld the residue of the people which were the sons of Adam; and they were a mixture of all the seed of Adam save it was the seed of Cain, for the seed of Cain were black, and had not place among them.” (Moses 7:22)
* As related by Abraham O. Smoot after his death, Apostle David W. Patten said he encountered a black man in Paris, Tennessee, who said that he was Cain. The account states that Cain had earnestly sought death but was denied it, and that his mission was to destroy the souls of men.The recollection of Patten’s story is quoted in Apostle Spencer W. Kimball‘s The Miracle of Forgiveness.
* The view of the “mark” of Cain, as a skin color marking, fell out of favor among Christians worldwide after the American Civil Rights movement as anything more than a very minor point of view. We will touch on the Curse of Ham in future verses and revisit the ways in which racial animus and politics use theories from Genesis as self-justification.
5. What/where is the Land of Nod?
* Nod = נוֹד Nôwd, node; the same as H5112; vagrancy; Nod, the land of Cain:—Nod.
* Much as Cain’s name is connected to the verb meaning “to get” in Genesis 4:1, the name “Nod” closely resembles the word “nad” (נָד), usually translated as “vagabond”, in Genesis 4:12. (In the Septuagint‘s rendering of the same verse God curses Cain to τρέμων, “trembling”.
* A Greek version of Nod written as Ναίν appearing in the Onomastica Vaticana possibly derives from the plural נחים, which relates to resting and sleeping. This derivation, coincidentally or not, connects with the English pun on “nod”
* Nod is said to be outside of the presence or face of God. Origen defined Nod as the land of trembling and wrote that it symbolized the condition of all who forsake God. Early commentators treated it as the opposite of Eden (worse still than the land of exile for the rest of humanity). In the English tradition Nod was sometimes described as a desert inhabited only by ferocious beasts or monsters. Others interpreted Nod as dark or even underground—away from the face of God.
* Augustine described unconverted Jews as dwellers in the land of Nod, which he defined as commotion and “carnal disquietude”
6. Were people living in the Land of Nod?
* The answer appears to be yes. Cain was worried about being slain by someone. That is why he was given the mark. And he finds a wife from this land.
7. Where did the people of Nod come from?
* One theory is that this land was peopled with Cain’s siblings and their descendants. As we see in Genesis 5:4: The days of Adam after he fathered Seth were 800 years; and he had other sons and daughters.
* Since we do not know the story of these others, and because the text is not timeline specific, it is at least possible that within the confines of the text, Cain knows about the people who he worries will slay him because they are his siblings. Those people understanding the import of a mark from Yahweh makes sense, too, if they were born directly adjacent to Yahweh’s Garden of Eden as Cain was.
* The problem with that interpretation is that we hear about other sons and daughters of Adam well after this section of the text.
* There is an alternative view, concerning people outside of the Garden of Eden, that surrounding lands were peopled with the children of Adam and Lilith.
* Lilith (/ˈlɪlɪθ/Hebrewלִילִית Lîlîṯ) is a figure in Jewish mythology, developed earliest in the Babylonian Talmud (3rd to 5th century AD). From c. AD 700–1000 onwards Lilith appears as Adam‘s first wife, created at the same time (Rosh Hashanah) and from the same clay as Adam—compare Genesis 1:27
* The Dead Sea Scrolls contain one indisputable reference to Lilith in Songs of the Sage (4Q510–511) fragment 1: And I, the Instructor, proclaim His glorious splendour so as to frighten and to te[rrify] all the spirits of the destroying angels, spirits of the bastards, demons, Lilith, howlers, and [desert dwellers] … and those which fall upon men without warning to lead them astray from a spirit of understanding and to make their heart and their … desolate during the present dominion of wickedness and predetermined time of humiliations for the sons of lig[ht], by the guilt of the ages of [those] smitten by iniquity – not for eternal destruction, [bu]t for an era of humiliation for transgression.
* There is also a theory that the Garden of Eden was planted by God but always surrounded by fallen people. This is called the pre-Adamite hypothesis
* There were a couple of references to lands outside the Garden of Eden before The Fall. From Genesis 2: 10 A river flowed out of Eden to water the garden, and there it divided and became four rivers. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon. It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 And the gold of that land is good; bdellium and onyx stone are there. 13 The name of the second river is the Gihon. It is the one that flowed around the whole land of Cush.
8. Wouldn’t it have been forbidden for Cain to marry a sibling?
* There was no prohibition on marrying a sibling until Leviticus 18:9. Abraham was married to a half-sister and on a few occasions presented her to others as his sister rather than as his wife when it was advantageous to do so.
9. When did Yahweh leave the Garden of Eden?
* We are not told specifically when the Lord (translated from Yahweh) may have left the Garden of Eden or when the Garden ceased to be. The impression from Chapter 4 is that God continued on in the Garden for at least some time after the Fall. Adam and Eve lived directly adjacent. God judged the offerings of Cain and Abel. Sometime in the intervening period of Chapter 5, though, the Garden disappears from the narrative.
* Noah is said to have walked with God. That might be a literal translation. Genesis 6:9 These are the generations of Noah. Noah was a righteous man, blameless in his generation. Noah walked with God.
10. What’s the deal with Enoch?
* Genesis 5:24, above, tells us that Enoch walked with God and was not for God took him. If you look at the translation, the word for God in that verse comes from the plural ‘elohiym “the gods” rather than the singular Yahweh. Might the verse about how the gods “took him” mean they left the Garden – and the earth – with him? Who knows. It does not say.
* Enoch is an interesting figure in Biblical history for other reasons, too. He lived 365 years – the same number of days as are in a year. As a result the number is suggestive of symbolism. He is also the subject of many Jewish and Christian traditions and teachings. He was considered – though scholars dispute the claim – the author of The Book of Enoch, The Book of the Watchers, and the Book of Giants. The Orthodox Tewahedo Church based in Ethiopia considers The Book of Enoch to be Biblical canon and there is evidence that the book was relied upon by scholars in the Second Temple period. There are several apparent references to The Book of Enoch in the New Testament.
11. Who are the “sons of God” in Genesis 6:2?
* In verse 2, “the sons of God” are translated from “ben ‘elohiym.” We are immediately confronted with a mystery. The underlying words literally mean “sons of the gods,” with gods plural, but the translation gives us sons of God, singular.
* As we have discussed, the word “God” is consistently translated in the singular, from the plural form ‘elohiym (i.e. the gods) throughout Genesis. Perhaps this is due to a later concern by translators, over whether these verses might be viewed as evidence of polytheistic pantheon. I do not know the reasons with any certainty. But it is a textual truth. The original language for god is plural. The translation we get in English is singular. Christians usually deal with this plurality issue by attributing the plurality to the Holy Trinity. However, if a plural of “the gods” includes Jesus, then who are “the sons of” the Trinity? The ben ‘elohiym *must* be some divine beings, right?
* Further, the ben ‘elohiym are not only divine beings, they are divine beings capable of feeling attraction toward human women and impregnating those women. The offspring of these unions are something more than mere humans.
* There are two primary views regarding the translation of ben ‘elohiym: 1) Some scholars feel that sons of God/gods refer to the line of Seth; 2) Other scholars believe that ben ‘elohiym refers to rouge angels / divine beings.
* David Guzik’s commentary makes the argument that the sons of God refers to angels: 1. (Gen 6:1-2) Intermarriage between the sons of God and the daughters of men. Now it came to pass, when men began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, that the sons of God saw the daughters of men, that they were beautiful; and they took wives for themselves of all whom they chose.
a. When men began to multiply on the face of the earth: During these days of rapid population expansion (especially because of long life spans in the pre-flood world), there was a problem with ungodly intermarriage between the sons of God and the daughters of men.
b. The sons of God saw the daughters of men: Many have believed the sons of God were those from the line of Seth, and the daughters of men were from the line of Cain, and this describes an intermarriage between the godly and the ungodly, something God specifically prohibits (Deuteronomy 7:1-42 Corinthians 6:14).
i. But this approach leaves many unanswered questions: Why did this make God angry enough to wipe out almost all the earth’s population? Why was there something “unnatural” about the offspring of these unions? The text in no way offers answers to these important questions.
c. The sons of God saw the daughters of men: It is more accurate to see the sons of God as either demons (angels in rebellion against God) or uniquely demon-possessed men, and the daughters of men as human women.
i. The phrase “sons of God” clearly refers to angelic creatures when it is used the three other times in the Old Testament (Job 1:62:1, and 38:7). The translators of the Septuagint translated sons of God as “angels.” They clearly thought it referred to angelic beings, not people descended from Seth.
ii. Jude 6 tells us of the angels who did not keep their proper domain, but left their own habitation. Jude goes on (Jude 7) to tell us they sinned in a similar manner to these, having given themselves over to sexual immorality and gone after strange flesh. Here in Genesis 6, as in Sodom and Gomorrah, there was an unnatural sexual union.
iii. It is useless to speculate on the nature of this union. Whether it was brought about by something like demon possession, or whether angels have power permanently to assume the form of men is not revealed. But we should understand the occult is filled with sexual associations with the demonic, and there are those today who actively pursue such associations.
iv. Jude 6 also makes it clear what God did with these wicked angels. They are reserved in everlasting chains under darkness from the judgment of the great day. By not keeping their proper place, they are now kept in chains. Their sinful pursuit of freedom has put them in bondage.
v. 1 Peter 3:19-20 tells us Jesus went to these disobedient spirits in their prison and proclaimed His victory on the cross over them.
vi. An objection offered to this understanding is found in Matthew 22:30, where Jesus said angels neither marry nor are given in marriage; but Jesus never said angels were sexless, and He was also speaking about faithful angels (angels of God in heaven), not rebellious ones.
vii. From the book of 1 Enoch, which is not inspired scripture, but may still contain some accurate accounts: “And it came to pass that the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters. And the angels, the children of heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: ‘Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men and beget us children … [They] took unto themselves wives, and each chose for himself one, and they began to go unto them and to defile themselves with them, and they taught them charms and enchantments … And they became pregnant, and they bare great giants … And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray, and became corrupt in all their ways.”
d. And they took wives for themselves of all whom they chose: We can deduce why Satan sent his angels to intermarry (either directly or indirectly) with human women. Satan tried to pollute the genetic “pool” of mankind with a satanic corruption, to put a genetic “virus” to make the human race unfit for bringing forth the Seed of the woman – the Messiah – promised in Genesis 3:15.
i. “The Savior could not be born of a demon-possessed mother. So if Satan could succeed in infecting the entire race, the deliverer could not come.” (Boice)
ii. And Satan almost succeeded. The race was so polluted that God found it necessary to start again with Noah and his sons, and to imprison the demons that did this so they could never do this again.
12. Who/what are the nephilim?
* The nephilim were the offspring of the sons of God and the human women they impregnated.
* Nephilim – according to Blue Letter Bible’s translation tools – means a bully or a tyrant, but is most commonly believed to mean “giant.” “Mighty” used later in the verse describing them also means powerful, tyrant, or giant.
* Is the Bible saying here, then, that the earth was becoming populated with giant offspring of divine beings? Some kind of celestial/human hybrids that just come out huge and/or powerful? While there is not universal acceptance of this notion, that interpretation has a lot of defenders.
* Note that Genesis 6:4 states that there were nephilim were on the earth in those days… AND ALSO AFTER. We meet giants again in the Book of Genesis and subsequent books after the Great Flood.
* Genesis 14 introduces readers to the Anakim, a race of giants descended from Anak.
* David slays Goliath, the giant, who is understood to be a giant descendant of the Anakim giants that settled in the Philistine cities of Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod (Joshua 11:22) after Joshua drove them out of the Promised Land.
* Og, who is introduced in Number 21 and Deuteronomy Chapter 3. We hear of Og again in Psalms chapters 135 and 136, and in Amos chapter 2. Og is described as the last of the Rephaim, a race of giants.
* During the Second Temple period of Judaism, there were several now apocryphal books which were well read at the time, believed, and actively studied. We know of many due to their inclusion in and with the Dead Sea Scrolls of Qumran. Among the now apocryphal books discovered in the caves are The Book of Enoch, The Book of the Watchers, and The Book of Giants. These books all deal explicitly with the events leading up through the Great Flood and provide greater detail than we receive here in Genesis Why is this of particular import? For Jews, the Dead Sea Scrolls represent insight into the long lost intellectual and religious teachings of their people before the destruction of the Second Temple and the subsequent Diaspora. For Christians, Second Temple Judaism supplied the intellectual foundation for the earliest part of the Church. If Jesus and the Apostles believed a thing… well, you can see why knowing that answer is important.
13. Was it actually necessary to “blot out” humanity because of its wickedness?
* For many people of faith, the fact that God says it is necessary, within the text, is and should be enough.
* Reading into the text though, we can see that there seems to be a link between the events of Genesis 6:1-4 and Genesis 6:5-8. If a race of Immortal Giants was a threat to breed humanity out of existence, does that put the “blot out” into a more understandable context? For many, it does.
14. Did Methuselah die in the Flood?
* He died in the year of the Flood. I tis not stated explicitly in the text whether or not he died as a result of the Flood.
* Ellicott’s Bible Commentary includes a note which states: (10) After seven days.—Said, in Jewish tradition, to have been the seven days of mourning for Methuselah, who died in the year of the flood.
15. What is “gopher wood” of which the ark was built?
* The exact meaning of “gopher wood” is unknown though it is widely believed that this refers to cypress wood.
16. Why was the ark covered in pitch both inside and out?
* “Pitch” comes from כֹּפֶר kôpher, ko’-fer; from H3722; properly, a cover, i.e. (literally) a village (as covered in); (specifically) bitumen (as used for coating), and the henna plant (as used for dyeing); figuratively, a redemption-price:—bribe, camphire, pitch, ransom, satisfaction, sum of money, village.
* This word is an example of deeper meaning lost in translation. The ark is covered in a “redemption price.”
17. Was the Great Flood a global flood?
* The best answer here is that we do not know for certain.
* The text itself says that everything under the heavens/sky (shamayim) on the ‘erets, will die. The word for the world, ‘erets *might* mean the globe in the sense that we understand it as a modern reader. However, at the time of the writing, there was no understanding of the earth as being a globe. ‘erets was more widely thought of as something akin to “every place that we know about.” The boundaries of “every place we know about” would not ncessarily have extended far beyond the Middle East at the time of Moses.
* One of the arguments both for and against the idea that the Flood was global is the collection of the animals. Certainly the Ark may have been large enough to house many exotic regional animal species. But is there enough room on the ark for every single animal variety on the planet?
* In North America, at around the time of the end of the Last Ice Age, a wide range of megafauna disappeared from history. Those now extinct animals include Sabretooth cats, mastadons, mammuthus trogontherii, megaloceros, dire wolves, the American Pleistocene lion, giant cave bears, and scores of others. Interestingly, the death of these animals lines up closely with an event known as the Younger Dryas. The geological record shows that on either end of the historical Young Dryas period are two huge world floods: Meltwater Pulse 1A and Meltwater Pulse 1B.
* In 1997, William Ryan, Walter Pitman and their colleagues first published the Black Sea deluge hypothesis. They proposed that a catastrophic inflow of Mediterranean seawater into the Black Sea freshwater lake occurred at 7,150 14C years BP (7550 calendar years BP). Before that date, glacial meltwater had turned the Black and Caspian Seas into vast freshwater lakes draining into the Aegean Sea. As glaciers retreated, some of the rivers emptying into the Black Sea declined in volume and changed course to drain into the North Sea. The levels of the lakes dropped through evaporation, while changes in worldwide hydrology caused overall sea level to rise.
* There are Flood myths from almost every culture on earth. You can find a list of them here.
18. What is the “Firmament” / “canopy model” of the Flood?
* For a long time, the canopy model was based on the idea that the earth was once covered in a dome of water.
* Thus, when the canopy was broken with Noah, the water from the atmosphere was released causing a massive Flood.
* The canopy of water is thought to explain the lifespan differences before and after The Flood.
* The Canopy theory is not without criticism.
* For example, in an article on apologeticspress, Dr. Jeff Miller writes: “The typical interpretation of raqia and “heaven” in Genesis 1:6 is that God created the sky on day two, separating water vapor in the sky (clouds) from liquid water. Most commentators and translators support this interpretation.”
* He also explains the origin of the word firmament: “The translation “firmament,” however, is not so much a translation of the original Hebrew term as it is a transliteration of a term used in the Latin Vulgate (i.e., firmamentum) which was translated from the Greek Septuagint term (stereoma) that was used for the Hebrew raqia. The uninspired translators of the Septuagint, who were translating for an Egyptian pharaoh in Egypt,2 were apparently influenced by the then conventional belief in Egypt that the heavens are a stone vault.3 The Hebrew term raqia, however, does not suggest such a meaning. Rather, it refers to something that has been stretched, spread, or beaten out—like metal.4 The idea is that on day two, God divided the waters of Earth, spreading them out from one another and moving some above the Earth, and creating that which holds those waters apart—much like what a solid would do. God then defined the raqia as “heaven(s)” (shamayim). Shamayim, however, was used in three distinct ways by the Hebrews (and by God through His inspired spokesmen). It could mean the sky or atmosphere where the birds fly and the clouds gather (Jeremiah 4:25; Matthew 6:26). It could mean outer space where the stars are situated (Genesis 1:14-15; Psalm 19:4,6; Isaiah 13:10), and it could also mean the place where God dwells (Psalm 2:4; Hebrews 9:24). Context must be used to determine which heaven is referenced. In this case, the heaven identified would affect one’s identification of the water that God separated. The typical interpretation of raqia and “heaven” in Genesis 1:6 is that God created the sky on day two, separating water vapor in the sky (clouds) from liquid water.”
19. What does it mean “the fountains of the Deep burst forth”?
* fountain is translated from מַעְיָן maʻyân, mah-yawn’; or מַעְיְנוֹ maʻyᵉnôw; (Psalm 114:8), or (feminine) מַעְיָנָה maʻyânâh; from H5869 (as a denominative in the sense of a spring); a fountain (also collectively), figuratively, a source (of satisfaction):—fountain, spring, well.
* deep is translated from תְּהוֹם tᵉhôwm, teh-home’; or תְּהֹם tᵉhôm; (usually feminine) from H1949; an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean watersupply):—deep (place), depth.
* Reminder: the word here for “deep” has a literal translation, shown above, and a more mystical interpretation. We covered this in Part 2.
* One hypothesis for the origin of the Flood, scientifically, is that a comet strike on an ice sheet simultaneously caused a tsunami and threw up enormous amounts of water vapor into the atmosphere. The tsunami would happen as enormous sections of ice are thrown into the ocean during the blast. The instantly vaporized vapor would come back down as torrential rain.
20. When was the Great Flood?
* By most scholarly Flood dating accounts, it occurred roughly around 2350 BCE. That date is thousands of years after the hypothetical date for the Black Sea Flood hypothesis. The Black Sea Flood is itself thousands of years after the Younger Dryas.
Comet Impact hypothesis is said to have occurred.
* Is it possible a Flood occurred in that window and is not yet discovered by the archaeological record? Yes. But there are significant problems with that idea – chief among them are civilizations that span the period both before and after the allged date of the Flood by hundreds of years.
* Is it possible that the Biblical timeline is misinterpreted? Yes, though, it is easy to say yes and another thing to demonstrate explain *how* that might have occurred.
* The Biblical word for year is pretty consistent in its translation and interpretation: שָׁנֶה shâneh, shaw-neh’; (in plural or (feminine) שָׁנָה shânâh; from H8138; a year (as a revolution of time):— whole age, × long, old, year(× -ly).
* The Biblical word for day, though, is not. יוֹם yôwm, yome; from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb):—age, always, chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), elder, × end, evening, (for) ever(-lasting, -more), × full, life, as (so) long as (… live), (even) now, old, outlived, perpetually, presently, remaineth, × required, season, × since, space, then, (process of) time, as at other times, in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), × whole ( age), (full) year(-ly), younger.
* Would it be possible for God to put Noah on an ark for hundreds or thousands of years while describing the time in yowm? Of course it’s possible. We even know Yahweh personally closed the door of the Ark. This is just me entertaining (without embracing) an idea of what happened but I find it surprising to not see the idea entertained elsewhere.
21. Where did the Ark land?
* It is agreed by all that the term Ararat describes a region. (From Pulpit Commentary)
* The locality which appears to have the countenance of Scripture is the region of Armenia (cf. 2 Kings 19:37Isaiah 37:38Jeremiah 51:27; Aquila, Symmachus, Theodotion, Vulgate). (Pulpit Commentary)
* In Armenia three different mountains have been selected as the site on which the ark grounded. (Pulpit Commentary)
* If in Genesis 11:2 the Authorised Version is right in saying that the descendants of Noah travelled “from the east” to Shinar, this could not be the Ararat of Armenia. (From Ellicot’s Commentary)
* The rendering, however, “from the east,” is by no means certain, and many translate “eastward,” and even the Authorised Version renders the word east, that is, eastward, in Genesis 13:11. In 2Kings 19:37 “Ararat” is translated Armenia; but it is more correctly described in Jeremiah 51:27 as a country near Minni, that is, near Armenia. (From Ellicott’s Commentary)
* a. On the mountains of Ararat: In a sense, Mount Ararat was not a very “smart” place to leave the ark. Leaving the ark at a high altitude and mountainous terrain meant a difficult departure for everyone and everything in the ark. b. Mountains of Ararat: However, if God’s purpose was to put the ark in a place where it might be preserved for thousands of years, He chose an excellent place for it.
* A large part of the reason that the location of the ark matters to many people of faith is that many of those people believe the ark will be discovered and that it was made in such a way – with pitch both inside and outside – that it would survive thousands of years for rediscovery.
22. What is the Chaldean Genesis?
* The “Chaldean Genesis” relates to an account and translation of events in ancient Mesopotamia taken from Sumerian clay tablets. It covers creation, the Fall, the Flood, the tower of Babel, and other stories that will feel familiar to an audience familiar with The Bible.
23. What is the smbolism of a dove returning to the ark with an olive branch leaf?
* An offer of “an olive branch” is symbolic of an offer of peace. The symbol is so ancient that its origins are in dispute. Perhaps the origin is this moment with Noah. We can assume that the olive branch with the dove, here, symbolizes peace between God and what is left of humanity. The period of wrath is over. The earth is ready to yield for mankind again.
24. What “covenant” did God make with Noah and his sons?
* In Genesis 9: In verse 8, we are told that God (‘elohiym) spoke with Noah and his sons. We are not told that Yahweh specifically spoke with them. God here comes from the plural ‘elohiym which would more directly be translated as “the gods said to Noah..” In verse 9, we see “Behold, I establish my covenant…” The word “I” comes from אֲנִי ʼănîy, an-ee’; contracted from H595; I:—I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, × which, × who.
* Ellicott’s Bible Commentary notes that a covenant typically requires something from both parties. God has promised to never again destroy the earth with a flood and God has set his bow in the sky to show that He is keeping that promise. Mankind is doing… what? Ellicott notes then that this is a covenant of grace.
25. What’s the deal with the rainbow?
* קֶשֶׁת qesheth, keh’-sheth; from H7185 in the original sense (of H6983) of bending; a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris:—× arch(-er), arrow, bow(-man, -shot).
* I suspect that modern readers no longer associate the rainbow with the bow generally. But here in this covenant, God is making a promise to show us his bow in the clouds. Bow in this sense refers to something that is traditionally a weapon.
* From Ellicott’s Bible Commentary: The first point made by Ellicott in his subsection on these verses is that the rainbow, as a sign, need not be something new to the earth. We can have the debate about the Firmament, and how it functioned, but that debate is irrelevant to the rainbow functioning as a sign – even if Noah had seen rainbows before the Flood. See next:
* (12) This is the token of the covenant.—The word rendered “token” really means sign, and is a term that has met with very unfortunate treatment in our Version, especially in the New Testament, where—as, for instance, in St. John’s Gospel—it is too frequently translated miracle. Its meaning will be best seen by examining some of the places where it occurs: e.g., Genesis 17:11Exodus 3:12Exodus 12:13Exodus 13:16Numbers 17:10Joshua 2:12Job 21:29Psalms 65:8Psalms 86:17Psalms 135:9Isaiah 44:25. In the majority of these places the sign, or token, is some natural occurrence, but in its higher meaning it is a proof or indication of God’s immediate working. On proper occasions, therefore, it will be supernatural, because the proof of God’s direct agency will most fitly be some act such as God alone can accomplish. More frequently it is something natural. Thus the sign to the shepherds of the birth of a Saviour, who was “the anointed Jehovah” (Luke 2:11), was their finding in a manger a babe wrapped in swaddling clothes, a thing of the most simple and ordinary kind. We may dismiss, then, all such curious speculations as that no rain fell before the flood, or that some condition was wanting necessary for producing this glorious symbol. What Noah needed was a guarantee and a memorial which, as often as rain occurred, would bring back to his thoughts the Divine promise; and such a memorial was best taken from the natural accompaniments of rain. We may further notice with Maimonides that the words are not, as in our version, “I do set,” but my how I have set in the cloud: that is, the bow which God set in the cloud on that day of creation in which He imposed upon air and water those laws which produce this phenomenon, is now to become the sign of a solemn compact made with man by God, whereby He gives man the assurance that neither himself nor his works shall ever again be swept away by a flood.
Here are several images which may be useful to understand this section of the text:
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6 Things That Can Cause A Man To Lose His Er_ection During Se_x
It can be a pretty frustrating experience when a guy is unable to maintain his er_ection in bed. There really isn’t much that can be done to save a se_x session when the man’s di_ck does not rise to the occasion.
Here are 6 major reasons why this can happen.
If this is your first time together, or for some reason, you are undergoing intense pressure of wanting to stay hard, you can lose your ere_ction in all that stress. The main thing to do in this case is to try and relax.
Drinking usually delays reactions and mutes nerves. Alcohol is a depressant so this can causes the pe_nis not to feel up for performing. Stay away from too much booze before se_x.
Excess weight causes circulation problems and damages the blood vessels, so blood has a harder time getting to the pen_is to keep it hard. Try to work out more.
Smoking can impact circulation and constrict the blood vessels. You need blood flow for having an maintaining an ere_ction. Incentive to quit, maybe?
Low testosterone
Testosterone levels naturally drop off with age, causing guys to grow less body hair and have trouble getting ere_ctions, among other things. Luckily, this one can be easily fixed with supplements.
A stressed man might have a hard time keeping things up in the bedroom. Things like financial stress, relationship problems, job problems, etc, can affect the pen_is.
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The federal Liberals are listening to Canadians and want to come up with tax reforms that help – not hurt – small businesses and farmers, Minister of Small Business and Tourism Bardish Chagger says.
The government announced on July 18 it will "improve the fairness" of the tax system "by closing tax loopholes and amending existing rules" with a focus on tax planning using private corporations. The argument is that wealthy Canadians use the system to avoid paying higher personal income tax.
But there has been pushback on the changes. Conservative Leader Andrew Scheer has said the changes will hit middle-class Canadians – including small business owners and farmers – the hardest, rather than the rich.
In an interview on CBC K-W's The Morning Edition, Chagger, who is the MP for Waterloo, said the government is listening to those who will be affected by the changes.
"We've had many conversations. [Finance] Minister [Bill] Morneau has travelled the country having roundtables. I have done the same," she said.
"There's people who know the tax system, who are professionals, who are experts ... they're able to contribute in a way to ensure we don't have unintended consequences," she said, noting the consultations will end on Oct. 2 and there are no plans to extend them.
"The longer we're talking about this, the more people are concerned that they will be impacted, which is really raising a fear and not allowing people to be as productive as possible."
Listen to the full interview with Minister of Small Business and Tourism Bardish Chagger:
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau defends his government's proposed tax changes for incorporated small businesses, saying the reforms are about "levelling the playing field" between the middle class and wealthy Canadians. 4:06
'High and dry'
On Sept. 23, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce said the tax reforms could have "crippling effects" on small and medium-sized businesses.
"It is the farmers, mom and pop shops, and entrepreneurs who invested everything into their businesses who are most scared of the government's proposed tax changes," chamber president and CEO Perrin Beatty said after meeting with Morneau in Fredericton that day.
"The government has not answered their concerns today. It has left them high and dry, wondering how they will survive if the weather or the economy takes a turn for the worse."
Conservative finance critic Pierre Poilievre used a pizza to show how an Ottawa pizza shop owner would turn over three-quarters of his investment income to the federal government.
Waterloo, Ont., financial planner Dan Burjoski said clients are already telling him they're worried about their future, including farmers who worry the changes will affect plans to pass farms to the next generation, as well as small business owners who are concerned they won't be able to keep the doors open.
"We're pushing a breaking point on small business," he said. "You are going to see job losses. It's inevitable."
Finance Minister Bill Morneau (centre) meets with business leaders in Gatineau on Sept. 20. (THE CANADIAN PRESS/Fred Chartrand)
Call for more consultations
Paul Nicolaes owns and operates Lush Woodcraft in Kitchener, Ont., and is "appalled" by the proposed tax reforms that he said will negatively affect his business.
It's just another thing on his plate, he said. High hydro rates in the province has hurt him as will the increase in the minimum wage to $15 as of Jan. 1, 2019.
"Small businesses do so much for this province and this country, and then they go and slap you in the face with stuff like this," he said, noting the tax reforms will still hurt people who aren't taking advantage of the current system.
"As if most small businesses are taking these huge advantages and taking these huge pay cuts for themselves. It couldn't be further from the truth."
Nicolaes called on the government to extend public consultations.
"Give these people a chance to voice their opinions and then actually listen to them," he said.
Want fair tax system
Chagger said 75 days for public consultations on proposed tax reforms is the right amount of time to get proper feedback on the changes.
"People who want to contribute to make sure the government that gets it right – that there are no unintended consequences – are working very closely with us. There are many conversations taking place," she said.
People who think they may be affected by the reforms need to take part in consultations, she said.
"We want to ensure the tax system is fair and works for the very people who need it," Chagger said. "We are listening." | mini_pile | {'original_id': '68aa39111fa018de1b8a6860e641e5e326d89c05b43ccb46054bba67a453ed7e'} |
Top Stop Quotes
Browse top 3000 famous quotes and sayings about Stop by most favorite authors.
Favorite Stop Quotes
1. "Honor, obey?" Gisbourne shouted, grappling with John. "This is what you call being a good wife?"I stopped. "I never said I'd be a good wife, Guy. Just that I'd marry you."
Author: A.C. Gaughen
2. "Do you ever just put your arms out and just spin and spin and spin? Well, that's what love is like; everything inside of you tells you to stop before you fall, but for some reason you just keep going."
Author: Alice Hoffman
3. "The stains could be seen only in the sunlight, so Ruth was never really aware of them until later, when she would stop at an outdoor cafe for a cup of coffee, and look down at her skirt and see the dark traces of spilled vodka or whiskey. The alcohol had the effect of making the black cloth blacker. This amused her; she had noted in her journal: 'booze affects material as it does people'."
Author: Alice Sebold
4. "Are you serious about leaving?"I touched my aching face. "Yes.But I don't know how.""I'd go with you," Colin said quietly."Really?""You know I would.""If you could do anything, what would you do? Would you go back to Ireland?""Maybe," he said. "I've no family left there but I miss the green hills. I'd love to show them to you, show you Tara and the Cliffs of Moher.We could live in a thatched cottage and keep sheep."I grinned at him. "If you clean up after them.""What would be your perfect day then?" he asked, grinning back at me. "If you don't like my sheep?""Your cottage sounds nice," I allowed. "I'd like to sleep in late and read as many books as I'd like and drink tea with lemon and eat pineapple slices for breakfast.""No velvet dresses and diamonds?"I rolled my eyes, then stopped when the bruises throbbed. "Ouch.And no, of course not.I don't care about that. Only books." I looked at him shyly. "And you.""That's all right then," he said softly."
Author: Alyxandra Harvey
5. "The giant stop in the walk of faith is the one we take when we decide God no longer is a part of our life."
Author: Beth Moore
6. "I hate running."He laughed. "You know what's the best part about running?""What?""The stopping."
Author: C.L. Stone
7. "We wouldn't have to take your rights away if you'd just stop exercising them."
Author: Carl John X. Veraja
8. "We waited and waited. All of us. Didn't the shrink know that waiting was one of the things that drove people crazy? People waited all their lives. They waited to live, they waited to die. They waited in line to buy toilet paper. They waited in line for money. And if they didn't have any money they waited in longer lines. You waited to go to sleep and then you waited to awaken. You waited to get married and you waited to get divorced. You waited for it to rain, you waited for it to stop. You waited to eat and then you waited to eat again. You waited in a shrink's office with a bunch of psychos and you wondered if you were one."
Author: Charles Bukowski
9. "If you've got a dream, there is no one out there to stop you,from achieving it."
Author: Cher Lloyd
10. "Dani had threatened to kill him. This must be the way she planned to do it. Her dark hair was down around her shoulders and she was wearing earrings that glittered in the sunlight. The purple dress she had on showed off her toned legs and hugged her curves. The supply of oxygen to his brain cut off, and he was pretty sure his heart had stopped a couple of beats ago."
Author: Cindi Madsen
11. "I'll stop eating steak when you stop killing spiders." Absurdity: comparing cows to spiders. Arachnids are pure evil. They're like a cigarette manufacturer or a terrorist. They're organized religion on eight legs."
Author: Davey Havok
12. "Kad imate nekoliko minuta vremena, osobito neposredno prijespavanja i nakon budenja, »preplavite« tijelo sviješcu. Sklopite oci.Lezite na leda. Pažnju usmjerite na razlicite dijelove tijela, najprijenakratko: dlanovi, stopala, ruke, noge, trbuh, prsa, glava i tako dalje.Osjetite životnu energiju unutar tih dijelova što jace možete. Kodsvakog dijela tijela ostanite petnaestak sekundi. Tada dopustite pažnjida nekoliko puta prode kroz tijelo kao val, od stopala do glave i natrag.Za to vam je potrebna otprilike jedna minuta. Nakon toga upotpunosti osjetite unutarnje tijelo kao jedinstveno polje energije.Taj osjecaj zadržite nekoliko minuta. Tijekom toga razdoblja buditesnažno prisutni u svakoj stanici svoga tijela. Ne brinite ako vam umpovremeno uspije odvuci pažnju iz tijela te ako se izgubite u nekojmisli. Cim"
Author: Eckhart Tolle
13. "Cuddle up. Rain always stops. It always stops. It always does. -The Brown Cape"
Author: Ellen Gilchrist
14. "These outward identities we build for ourselves are not all that we are. A person is made of so many layers. Skin is just the top layer. It's the part you can see, so when you walk into a room, others won't run into you. It's the brown-hair, brown-eyes layer; the you-look-good-in-green layer. Your outside is important because God made that part. He made you on purpose, uniquely beautiful. But you can't stop there, because that's your body, your skin, your outside. Dead people have all that stuff too."
Author: Emily P. Freeman
15. "As the crow flies. That's how she liked to walk. So what if she had nowhere to go? So what if no one on earth knew or probably cared where she was or when she'd get home? That wasn't the point. It didn't mean she had to take the long way. She was starting a new school in the morning, and she meant to put as much distance between herself and tomorrow as she could. Walking fast didn't stop the earth's slow roll, but sometimes it felt like it could."
Author: Francine Pascal
Author: Gareth Roberts
17. "It's completely juvenile but it doesn't stop me from reaching out as if to catch her kiss and bring it to my lips. I look like a pussy, but what can I say? Love makes you do silly things and catching an air kiss would definitely fall under that category."
Author: Georgia Cates
18. "Looking out over the water, I spotted him right away,straddling his board. He was only a dot, but I would have known him anywhere.I thought of the shape of his hands,the hollow at the base of his spine,the way my heart had never stopped skipping a beat at the sound of his voice, and I realized it was the kind of loss- because I knew now that the thing I wanted more than anything in the world not to go fully wrong could- from which I would never fully recover. And I'm not sure I ever fully have."
Author: Heather King
19. "When the ship approached the equator, I stopped going out on deck in the daytime. The sun burned like a flame. The days had shortened and night came swiftly. One moment it was light, the next it was dark. The sun did not set but fell into the water like a meteor. Late in the evening, when I went out briefly, a hot wind slapped my face. From the ocean came a roar of passions that seemed to have broken through all barriers:'We mus procreate and multiply! We must exhaust all the powers of lust!' The waves glowed like lava, and I imagined I could see multitudes of living beings - algae, whales, sea monsters - reveling in an orgy, from the surface to the bottom of the sea. Immortality was the law here. The whole planet raged with animation. At times, I heard my name in the clamor: the spirit of the abyss calling me to join them in their nocturnal dance. ("Hanka")"
Author: Isaac Bashevis Singer
20. "Just as much as you cannot stop growing feelings for a certain man, there's no switch to turn off your heart."
Author: J.C. Reed
21. "There is, though, nothing that prepares us for the worst things in our life. There is nothing you can do to stop the shock, or buffer the pain."
Author: James Frey
Author: James Joyce
23. "What was after the universe?Nothing. But was there anything round the universe to show where it stopped before the nothing place began?"
Author: James Joyce
24. "Josie examined the booklet, candelabra on the cover, a program. Brahms, and then Psalm 16, Psalm 32, Bach. A prayer, the Mourner's Kaddish, in the flamelike Hebrew, followed by an English pronunciation, a translation. At least she would not clap in the wrong part. She remembered that night at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion, Michael so handsome in his iridescent thrift-store suit and green silk tie, she in her Lana Turner black lace and spike heels. How they peered down from their seats in the top balcony at the horseshoe of musicians with their stands and instruments. When the music stopped, Michael caught hold of her hand. Lacing his fingers in hers, he tenderly bit her knuckles. She would have been the only one applauding."
Author: Janet Fitch
25. "A brick could be held in one hand, and a stack of dollar bills in the other, to illustrate the difference in weight between the real and the imaginary. The imaginary only weighs more when you believe in it, and then once you stop believing in it, it weighs next to nothing."
Author: Jarod Kintz
26. "Don't we all discover, at some stage or another that there are some things we'll never get any better at, even though we have no idea why and hardly ever notice it when it happens, even though we may have enjoyed these things and might not have been lagging behind last time we checked? Learning to draw, for instance, was a familiar catastrophe - all of a sudden, unaware, you just stop getting any better at it, your drawings never progress beyond those of a four-year-old or a six-year-old, you're left behind by those who "can draw," condemned to producing flat, doughy figures on the page, with no sense of perspective to them and (this was what really struck me) no resemblance to the outside world: condemned by your ruined self to a shameful childhood."
Author: Jean Christophe Valtat
27. "A refuge is supposed to prevent what? The genes from flowing out of sight? This refuge idea won't stop insects from moving across boundaries. That's absurd."
Author: Jeremy Rifkin
28. "Maybe you know the monsters, Martin," Murphy said quietly. "But I know the guy who stops them. And if they don't return the girl, we'll make them regret it." She nodded at me and said, "Let's go. We can watch Dresden kill the bitch."
Author: Jim Butcher
29. "How do you get rid of unhappiness? You must release yourself from the prison you have unknowingly placed yourself in. Come to terms with the fact that there are things that you cannot control. But, just because you don't ‘control' something, doesn't mean it's going to fall to pieces. That may be the hardest part. We get bent out of shape when something happens that is out of our control, because we don't understand why it's happening or where it's coming from. It's unsettling. You put your fighting arms up and prepare to battle the world. But, stop for a moment. Think. Where are all of these things coming from?The world is not a wild, untamed place, where things are a free for all. Understand that there is a higher power running the world."
Author: Leigh Hershkovich
30. "Musicians don't retire; they stop when there's no more music in them."
Author: Louis Armstrong
31. "People look like crazy, they do crazy things and they love their crazy life; stop inspiring them with your supernatural world and let them be who they chose to be."
Author: M.F. Moonzajer
32. "He well knew the futility of trying to contend against witches, so he gave up discouraged. But it occurred to him that he might as well have the marble he had just thrown away, and therefore he went and made a patient search for it. But he could not find it. Now he went back to his treasure-house and carefully placed himself just as he had been standing when he tossed the marble away; then he took another marble from his pocket and tossed it in the same way, saying:"Brother, go find your brother!"He watched where it stopped, and went there and looked. But it must have fallen short or gone too far; so he tried twice more. The last repetition was successful. The two marbles lay within a foot of each other."
Author: Mark Twain
33. "He'll pinch a cigarette between his fingers. He'll take a drag, blow that drag between his lips. He'll look at the firl with eyes the colour of the sky before it turns black and he will see heaven, and the pictures of all those other girls floating inside his head will blow away like the clouds of the cigarette and he'll see only the girl inside himself and the world will stop."
Author: Maureen Medved
34. "I stopped caring what people thought."
Author: Namie Amuro
Author: P.G. Wodehouse
36. "When he craved contact, he stopped in to visit the Cézannes and Monets at the Musée du Luxembourg, believing they had already done what he was striving for—distilling places and people and objects to their essential qualities."
Author: Paula McLain
37. "VideotapeWhen I'm at the pearly gatesThis will be on my videotape, my videotapeMephistopheles is just beneathand he's reaching up to grab meThis is one for the good daysand i have it all hereIn red, blue, greenRed, blue, greenYou are my centerWhen I spin awayOut of control on videotapeOn videotapeOn videotapeOn videotapeThis is my way of saying goodbyeBecause I can't do it face to faceI'm talking to you beforeNo matter what happens nowYou shouldn't be afraidBecause I know today has been the most perfect day I've ever seen."
Author: Radiohead
Author: Rick Riordan
39. "Veronica's hands wouldn't stop shaking. She held the revolver straight out from her body and breathed slowly, deeply, the hot-metal smell stinging her nostrils. She tried to relax her shoulders."
Author: Rob Thomas
40. "If you don't receive love from the ones who are meant to love you, you will never stop looking for it."
Author: Robert Goolrick
41. "A terrible premonition washed over me. This was how the whole world would end.... They would devour the forest and excrete piles of buildings made of stone wrenched from the earth or from dead trees. They would hammer paths of bare stone between their dwellings, and dirty the rivers and subdue the land until it could recall only the will of man. They could not stop themselves from doing what they did. They did not see what they did, and even if they saw, they did not know how to stop. They no longer knew what was enough."
Author: Robin Hobb
42. "Where does it stop? You get offered money for your wedding, then for your kids, new houses, holidays... We earn enough from football and sponsorships, why do you need any more?"
Author: Ryan Giggs
43. "Why is it when you want the ground to swallow you whole, it decides to stop trying? -Ethon"
Author: Sherrilyn Kenyon
44. "When I stop becoming, that's when I worry."
Author: Stephen Dunn
45. "Time, Eddie had decided during this period, was in large part created by external events. When a lot of interesting shit was happening, time seemed to go by fast. If you got stuck with nothing but the usual boring shit, it slowed down. And when everything stopped happening, time apparently quit altogether. Just packed up and went to Coney Island. Weird but true."
Author: Stephen King
46. "Finnick and I sit for a long time in silence, watching the knots bloom and vanish, before I can ask, 'How do you bear it?'Finnick looks at me in disbelief. 'I don't, Katniss! Obviously, I don't. I drag myself out of nightmares each morning and find there's no relief in waking.'Something in my expression stops him.'Better not give in to it. It takes ten times as long to put yourself together as it does to fall apart.'Well, he must know. I take a deep breath, forcing myself back into one piece."
Author: Suzanne Collins
Author: Thomas Harris
48. "If politicians stopped meddling with things they don't understand, there would be a more drastic reduction in the size of government than anyone in either party advocates."
Author: Thomas Sowell
Author: Tom Robbins
50. "Look, I know everything is shitty right now, but if you don't stop acting like such a bitch, someones gonna fuck that pussy on your face."
Author: Tucker Max
Stop Quotes Pictures
Quotes About Stop
Quotes About Stop
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Today's Quote
Author: Arthur Conan Doyle
Who Was Talking About "Stop"?
Famous Authors
Popular Topics | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '854', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9685425162315368}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '43683', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:IRW6ATDR66WIU7RJGA2EMAH6P5JPX3QU', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:4ee5ab7d-225a-4eba-9748-169bb6964193>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2020, 3, 30, 4, 22, 1), 'WARC-IP-Address': '149.56.43.195', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:TVB7L3ASTI5Y475SPO2MATC3SD5VJD5L', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:64c39cc4-daf1-4125-ae31-3d95183ffa31>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://topfamousquotes.com/quotes-about-stop/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:887252b1-e98f-409d-9450-65eae7e92832>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '3293', 'url': 'http://topfamousquotes.com/quotes-about-stop/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2020-16\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for March/April 2020\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-202.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.16 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.1-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.19936496019363403', 'original_id': '7af1e152ed76fae74f6539b1c38632426b9d808a326174d6620311c70fb7182a'} |
Ribonucleotide reductase and the regulation of DNA replication: an old story and an ancient heritage.
All organisms that synthesize their own DNA have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a constant DNA/cell mass ratio independent of growth rate. The DNA/cell mass ratio is a central parameter in the processes controlling the cell cycle. The co-ordination of DNA replication with cell growth involves multiple levels of regulation. DNA synthesis is initiated at specific sites on the chromosome termed origins of replication, and proceeds bidirectionally to elongate and duplicate the chromosome. These two processes, initiation and elongation, therefore determine the total rate of DNA synthesis in the cell. In Escherichia coli, initiation depends on the DnaA protein while elongation depends on a multiprotein replication factory that incorporates deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs) into the growing DNA chain. The enzyme ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is universally responsible for synthesizing the necessary dNTPs. In this review we examine the role RNR plays in regulating the total rate of DNA synthesis in E. coli and, hence, in maintaining constant DNA/cell mass ratios during normal growth and under conditions of DNA stress. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'fb227993a979ea82cf8c761e550e6653af410f69e36ef1a7723cca4a3fb13b9e'} |
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There are little dots along the lines in many wiring diagrams, like in response to the question "How do I know if a ceiling fan with light and the switch are wired correctly?". Some of these seem to indicate a junction with another wire, or a color change, but some are just in the middle of a single color wire. What does this indicate?
Also, why does the color change along a wire in a diagram?
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Are you talking about the orange/yellow dots in this?
Wiring Diagram
These are not standard wiring diagrams, they're just drawings that Tester101 makes to make his answers easy to understand.
He appears to be using the orange/yellow dots to indicate splicing the wires together using a wire-nut.
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And the white wire with a black color change near the end is a white wire with black tape on the end to mark a switched hot. – BMitch Nov 22 '13 at 13:42
Yes, those are the dots, but why have them along a single color line like the orange ones red and green lines? – curiousburke Nov 22 '13 at 17:15
@curiousburke Because you're splicing two wires of the same color – BlueRaja - Danny Pflughoeft Nov 22 '13 at 17:16
oh, because the components have wires that you need to wire to. I didn't realize wiring diagrams were that realistic. Thanks all! – curiousburke Nov 23 '13 at 5:27
Your Answer
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2. What happened to the MyPlayer iPlayer app for Android?
3. Kindle Fire looks like the first Android that an iPad user might envy
4. Kindle Fire just out so what do they do? Thats right plan Kindle 2
5. Kindle Fire HD onpre-order for UK
6. Aunsoft iMdia converter for mac:backup ripped Blu-ray to Sony NWZ-ZX1 | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.7575454711914062}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '3904', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:M6C4FMGC4IZFWXAHQDR2ZTTADA6JEXAC', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:261d201a-d34b-49bc-837f-3f80f1c36264>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 18, 40, 34), 'WARC-IP-Address': '172.67.145.118', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AQRXLJJ72MEPHDWYAPAYDTZWM3W3UEZE', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8b45acf-fef7-4f4b-a29d-93224257fd84>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.worldtvpc.com/forum/archive/index.php/f-23.html?s=b3cecd474ee0051c663a688e4445ac27', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d00dc160-e2b1-46e8-bdc0-b1ff19b913c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '72', 'url': 'http://www.worldtvpc.com/forum/archive/index.php/f-23.html?s=b3cecd474ee0051c663a688e4445ac27', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-206.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.4134516716003418', 'original_id': 'e0d9185e69358568124428077741dd5105d87919ebb3b1c9f7703d823accb1cf'} |
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<dimen name="bottom_sheet_corner_radius">15dp</dimen>
<dimen name="bottom_sheet_top_padding">8dp</dimen>
</resources> | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0448c20e2e28f52c39e3da9920d3342420459476213f23145d023fe786546856'} |
Q:
How can I add a Number and Decimal keyboard into my Custom Keyboard on iOS8?
I created a custom keyboard in Swift but it was rejected from the App Store because: "keyboard extension does not include Number and Decimal types".
How can I add these two keyboards easily?
I tried to rebuild the original view but it doesn't work properly. I'm sure there is a solution to create 2 or 3 different views and switch between them.
How can I switch between keyboard types when the keyboard type changes?
A:
You can detect changes to the keyboard type in textDidChange. You need to get the UITextDocumentProxy then detect the proxy's keyboardType, and then you can do whatever layout changes needed.
override func textDidChange(_ textInput: UITextInput?) {
// Called when the document context is changed - theme or keyboard type changes
let proxy = self.textDocumentProxy as UITextDocumentProxy
if proxy.keyboardType == UIKeyboardType.numberPad
|| proxy.keyboardType == UIKeyboardType.decimalPad {
//add code here to display number/decimal input keyboard
}
}
| mini_pile | {'original_id': '7a8b7684b1adfcfc5382c67393853c6bedc33a4eba0a398dd3f4de743f8e9790'} |
The overall goal of the proposed research is to delineate immune mechanisms that can control lentiviral infections. The lentiviral system to be studied is EIAV in horses which has episodes of viremia resulting in fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia and lymphocytic lesions in the liver and other organs. Most horses terminate initial viremia and recurrences to eventually become asymptomatic carriers with very low levels of virus. Data indicating lymphocyte responses control EIAV include the observation that foals with genetically based severe combined immunodeficiency can not control the initial viremia following EIAV infection, in contrast to normal foals, and corticosteroid treatment of EIAV in carriers induces viremia and disease. Immune control of EIAV will be dissected by testing the assumption that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) control EIAV and disease in infected horses. Even though effective vaccines will likely induce several important protective immune functions, a major gap in current knowledge is understanding the in vivo role of lentiviral- specific MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL in controlling infections. Our demonstration of MHC-restricted CD8+ CTL to Env and Gag/PR protein epitopes in unstimulated PBMC from EIAV infected horses provides an opportunity to obtain definitive information on their role in controlling this lentiviral infection. Such data may apply to other lentiviruses including HIV-1 where dissection of the in vivo role of CTL is more difficult. Use of CD8+ CTL from EIAV infected horses will facilitate identification of the immunodominant epitopes recognized during virus control for use in inducing the desired CTL. Finally, questions about the in vivo role of CD8+ CTL can be further evaluated by challenging these immunized horses with homologous and heterologous EIAV, and by determining if CD8+ T lymphocyte depletion will prevent termination of initial viremia in infected horses. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'c25c0829017221205a1a9399971826f0974d6822752014524069c129b391eb0a'} |
Devanagari diacritic
combining sign used in the Devanagari script
Devanagari diacritic subclass of combining character
Devanagari diacritic writing system Devanagari
Devanagari diacritic Commons category Devanagari diacritics
diacritique dévanâgari
signe combinatoire utilisé dans l'écriture dévanâgari
diacritique dévanâgari sous-classe de diacritique combinatoire
diacritique dévanâgari système d'écriture devanagari
diacritique dévanâgari catégorie Commons Devanagari diacritics | common_corpus | {'identifier': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124153774', 'collection': 'Wikidata', 'open_type': 'Semantic data', 'license': 'CC0', 'date': '', 'title': 'Devanagari diacritic', 'creator': 'None', 'language': 'Multilingual', 'language_type': 'Semantic data', 'word_count': '51', 'token_count': '152', '__index_level_0__': '8587', 'original_id': '2a87a866e278172e43051f8aa6799cc666d2886d5c588d03ed995f56d0ca293c'} |
On UNIX and UNIX-Like systems:
Type 'date' at a prompt.
$ date
Tue Jan 8 11:17:06 EST 2002
In Perl:
use POSIX 'strftime';
$date = strftime("%c",localtime);
print $date;
<?php $tdate = date("F j, Y"); print $tdate; ?>
In Windows:
Hold your mouse cursor over the time displayed in the system tray within
the taskbar. A tooltip will pop up with today's date.
Type 'date' at a prompt. Hit ENTER twice.
C:\> date
Current date is Tue 01-02-2002
Enter new date (mm-dd-yy):
In MacOS:
Click on the clock inside the menu bar.
In Java:
new Date();
Thanks to Xamot for the Java code, and mkb for the MacOS method.
Getting a date (as in, a formal outing with another human being with the sole intention of pursuing a significant relationship for a period of time lasting longer than an episode of Friends) requires a number of other "techniques" which you will have to master. Top at the list is flirtation. Knowing how to flirt, in regards to dating, is about as integral as knowing the difference between an automatic transmission and a stick-shift, if you want to drive a car.
Asking a person out on a date requires, also, a certain level of empathy. More to the point, you must be somewhat confident that this person can withstand your presence for more than ten-minute intervals and wouldn't necessarily be opposed to the idea of sharing some of their precious time in your exclusive company. If you are somewhat adept at flirtation without getting slapped too often (or laughed at), then you should be able to make this asceration. Some clues to look for from the other person:
• Smiling
• Continued conversation
• Active interest in your thoughts, opinions, character or activities
• Divulging personal information about themselves (such as "favorites", beliefs, sexual preferences, history, occupation, etc.)
• Physical contact of a peaceful manner (touching your forearm, thigh, knee, hand, shoulder... limbs and extremeties)
• Eye contact
• Undivided attention
• Next comes the Big Step (tm):
"Hey, what're you doing Friday night?" or some analog thereof, wherein the time is variable, the activity chosen is non-threatening and the implied intention is clear: this is ideal.
You should not come right out and say, "Would you like to go out on a date with me?" For some reason, this is simply not done. It is considered too bold, too obvious and uncouth. For some reason people tend to respond better to subtlety and lack of pressure. I don't know exactly why this is so, but I've come to find that the mere mention of the word "date" has a certain measure of stigma attatched to it. On the other hand, being more specific is perfectly acceptable. Such as:
"I'm going to see a band at The End next Thursday night. I hate going to those alone. Wanna come with?"
"I was going to see the new Harry Potter movie last night with a friend, but he backed out. Would you like to join me tomorrow instead?"
"I've really enjoyed our conversation. And I'd really like to buy you dinner some time. When would be a good time for you?"
When naming specific things To Do, the engagement seems less nebulous and more precise- and less like a veiled invitation to sex, which can often be just as much of a turn-off (but not in all cases, mind you... I've actually witnessed someone using the pick-up line, "Hey. Nice shoes. Wanna fuck?" and make it work). It is important to note that you should suggest specific activities if (and only if) they come up in the course of the conversation. It is often easy enough to "aim" a conversation in a particular direction so that you may lead up to asking your all-important question. If you want to go to a movie with this person, then bring up the topic of movies in general. If you have a particular movie in mind, mention movies in which the actors in this movie also appear. Natural progression, yes? Then move in for the kill, as it were.
Before making this request, it is a good idea to have a decent notion of what your personal schedule will look like over the next few days or week. If you have a night job that keeps you awake until 5 AM, you will find your options are limited. The ideal is to have an open schedule which would permit night-time activities such as movies, dinner, coffee, concerts and other such "public" outings on neutral territory.
On the subject of concerts: do not invite a person to an ear-splitting, rock and roll concert performed by a big-name act for a first date. Such engagements last long, inhibit conversation and offer little in the way of a first shared experience. A jazz concert, however, is good. As is going to see the symphony, park events and pub-bands (in most cases, anyway- some tend to be twice as loud as your average AC/DC concert).
What you do afterwards is equally important. Are there any 24-hour restaurants open in your area which the two of you can repair to once the concert is over? Coffee houses? Note: Waffle House does not qualify as a particularly fantastic post-date outing unless you're extremely charismatic- and sometimes not even then.
Ask sincerely. Do not press the issue. Do not allow yourself to seem desperate over the matter. Smile (if it's appropriate to do so- and it usually is). Take "no" for an answer, if it is given as an absolute. Be prepared to have the tables turned on you, such as the person you're asking out taking control and stating firmly that they do not like going to concerts (let's say) and would much rather go out to see a movie. If the person says that they are unable to attend, then kindly suggest another time. If they are still resistant, then you are being told "no" and you should leave it alone, change the subject.
If you are told no immediately then do not jump right up and walk away in defeat. Stick around a bit and continue to make light conversation- they might be testing your resolve/interest and may very well change their mind in a few minutes. It is important that your intentions are clear; doing so will ensure an honest response. If you want to "nail" the person (have sex), but you behave as though you are interested in them as an individual, then it will be apparent. If you are truly interested in them as a person, then try to avoid immediately getting back to flirtation with them after being "shot down"- that's too much like a mixed signal. But don't let it immediately kill the conversation or render you to dismayed and thoughtful silence.
Refrain from seeming too eager. Relax. Train/prepare your mindset so that you will not be too terribly affected whether they say yes or no- not quite aloof, but not 100% invested, either.
Be patient. The person you're asking out may not have an immediate response, one way or the other. Hell, they might even be too surprised (or flattered) to answer immediately. Don't crowd them about it or prompt or rush them.
Asking a person out is sometimes an incredible personal risk- and sometimes you end up on the losing side of the gamble. That's okay. With more than 6.2 billion people in the world, the chances are very, very, very good that someone will say "yes" eventually.
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What to do:
Write a spec that tests whether index.txt contains a list of all text files in this folder, excluding this READ_ME.txt file and the index.txt file itself. If you want to be really fancy, try formatting the index file so that chapters are printed in title case without any underscores or ".txt". Also try printing out the numbers as words instead of integers. If you want to be really, really fancy, try breaking the chapters into "Part 1", "Part 2" and "Part 3" as they are in the Well Grounded Rubyist's index page.
Write some code to make your spec pass in a separate file. | the_stack | {'hexsha': '28b7049ab378259efe38415268b8e8152e22a71a', 'size': '590', 'ext': 'txt', 'lang': 'Text', 'max_stars_repo_path': 'weird/directory_index/READ_ME.txt', 'max_stars_repo_name': 'RudiBoshoff/test-first-teaching', 'max_stars_repo_head_hexsha': '69f6e0c3ab550f6b609275f7e503486907d47c1e', 'max_stars_repo_licenses': "['CC-BY-3.0']", 'max_stars_count': '75', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_min_datetime': '2015-01-02T18:49:55.000Z', 'max_stars_repo_stars_event_max_datetime': '2022-03-08T10:33:40.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_path': 'weird/directory_index/READ_ME.txt', 'max_issues_repo_name': 'RudiBoshoff/test-first-teaching', 'max_issues_repo_head_hexsha': '69f6e0c3ab550f6b609275f7e503486907d47c1e', 'max_issues_repo_licenses': "['CC-BY-3.0']", 'max_issues_count': '3', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_min_datetime': '2015-01-18T21:50:22.000Z', 'max_issues_repo_issues_event_max_datetime': '2017-05-03T02:19:35.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_path': 'weird/directory_index/READ_ME.txt', 'max_forks_repo_name': 'RudiBoshoff/test-first-teaching', 'max_forks_repo_head_hexsha': '69f6e0c3ab550f6b609275f7e503486907d47c1e', 'max_forks_repo_licenses': "['CC-BY-3.0']", 'max_forks_count': '74', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_min_datetime': '2015-01-14T07:35:48.000Z', 'max_forks_repo_forks_event_max_datetime': '2020-06-13T17:40:08.000Z', 'avg_line_length': '147.5', 'max_line_length': '518', 'alphanum_fraction': '0.7745762712', 'original_id': '633673483e9c0352a96dcf1506fd094685c1ed80b7d0bcc09675a1426d3970a8'} |
Our company is highly acclaimed in the field of manufacturing and supplying of Casting Boundary gate. Constructed utilizing the hi tech machineries and modern tools, these Casting Boundary gate are produced using steel as the chief constituent. Widely demanded by our clientele, these Casting Boundary gate are in sync with the current trends and are extremely versatile and highly reliable. Furthermore, these Casting Boundary gate require least maintenance | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0444e8a3a716de08db6cacaae6125f51dc11f0a3341ce7c49093e4fd3e5881bc'} |
Monday, January 7, 2013
Supersized ECs and "Safe to Fail" policy
My friend just emailed me attaching the article and his comment:
So, there was a loop hole.. Are the developers ingenious or is URA simply naive?
No, URA probably isn't naive. It is a problem in all advanced societies that the regulator is always behind the curve.
Let's analyze this in the PM's policy of "safe to fail" articulated early in his premiership against Singaporeans mindset that the government must get right almost all the time.
URA and MND didn't anticipate developers will find and exploit a loophole. In "Safe to fail" fashion Khaw is moving to plug the loophole. This is well and good but to citizens it is a failure and how are things better? Just like how were floods along Orchard Road; the vandalizing of trains and their frequent break downs....better. All acceptable under "Safe to fail".
It is important that "safe to fail" should by the eating of the pudding be superior to the former fail safe policy. Sadly it isn't. Tech companies get ahead by failing fast and furious so that their learning is accelerated - They are truly "safe to fail" or they would be lunch. The government mistake is that a country is not a tech firm and it is far more complex. Even oil companies, far more homogeneous and less complex than a living and breathing society aren't foolish enough to run their enterprises on "safe to fail". Actually one of them did: BP. You know what happened to them.
It is quite simple. At the end of the day you must know your stuff. Obviously this bunch didn't know it well enough to go from fail safe to "safe to fail". They can fixed the mistakes but there is no dividends that tech companies like Google get from rapid failure and learning. For us things are not better, in fact worse. Surely we are paying more to fix our MRT system than if we had paid more attention to maintenance when Saw was at the helm.
As a rule of thumb, "light" systems e.g, software can afford rapid failure and retries but not "heavy" systems like our train system or the oil industry etc., This government and BP never understood this important fact of life.
Alas, "safe to fail" has turned out to be government legitimizing taking risks which they do not understand. Even as they appear as very hard working, I must submit that they are in essence lazy and complacent. It was just busyness. I suspect the government is suffering from an unhelpful internal culture. After 50 years in power their feet has become clay even if their hands are vigorously moving all the time. We mustn't confuse the two. The clayed feet are the sacred cows and the waving and often tai-chi hands are furiously working within the box. How to go places quickly and confidently this way? Just ask ourselves if these sacred cows are are servants and liberators or our masters and keeping us as prisoners? They were once liberators but as the process of history tell us, they were bound to eventually become taskmasters if kept beyond their use by date.
1 comment:
1. To me, PM's policy of "safe to fail" articulated early in his premiership against Singaporeans mindset that the government must get right almost all the time is a joke.NO,we do not exect PAP to get it right from the start,that is an impossible task and I do not think Singapore's people,with the highest IQ in the world,are stupid to that extent! | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '14', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9807514548301696}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '98806', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:E44AW73GJ4N7ZEQQPJRAKXLKQDVE5HFG', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:978b0ade-7bc0-4c7c-812d-77be6ba09399>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 10, 31, 13, 26, 17), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.121.11', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:CB4C5Y3JZNRVVN6ZXHOJSSML2VMHPUG5', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:7aadcbb7-d932-425a-a66e-23ee56f57dd7>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://blogging4myself.blogspot.com/2013/01/supersized-ecs-and-safe-to-fail-policy.html?showComment=1357600861537', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:b030565c-1603-443e-a54d-00d2385b8917>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '583', 'url': 'http://blogging4myself.blogspot.com/2013/01/supersized-ecs-and-safe-to-fail-policy.html?showComment=1357600861537', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-42\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for October 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.25475531816482544', 'original_id': 'fe2edd270af6890f2e3b8e9dad2f1e8b01a3473a4dc83f57d7c90e11d3978bcd'} |
D Wyatt
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
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Publications (4)11.45 Total impact
• [show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Formation of ATP from ADP on the external surface of vascular endothelial cells has been attributed to plasma membrane ATP synthase, ectoadenylate kinase (ecto-AK), and/or ectonucleoside diphosphokinase. These enzymes or their catalytic products have been causatively linked to the elaboration of vascular networks and the regulation of capillary function. The amount of ATP generated extracellularly is small, requiring sensitive analytical methods for quantification. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to revisit extracellular ATP synthesis using a reliable tetrazolium reduction assay and multiwell plate cultures. Test conditions compatible with AK stability were established. Extracellular AK activity was found to be <1% of the total (intracellular and extracellular), raising the possibility that the external enzyme could have leaked from living cells and/or a few dying cells. To determine whether AK inadvertently leaked from the cells, the activity of another cytoplasmic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), was also measured. G6PD is present in the cytoplasm in similar abundance to AK. The activity ratio of G6PD (extracellular/total) was found to be similar to that of AK. Because G6PD in the medium was probably due to leakage, other cytoplasmic macromolecules, including AK, should be released proportionately from the cells. The role of plasma membrane ATP synthase in extracellular ATP formation was examined using Hanks' balanced salt solution with and without selective inhibitors of AK and ATP synthase activities. With P(1),P(5)-di(adenosine 5')-pentaphosphate (inhibitor of AK activity), no extracellular ATP synthesis was detected, whereas with oligomycin, piceatannol, and aurovertin (inhibitors of F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase and F(1)-ATPase activities), no inhibition of extracellular ATP synthesis was observed. AK activity alone could account for the observed extracellular ATP synthesis. The possible impact of ADP impurity in the assays is discussed.
Journal of Biological Chemistry 07/2006; 281(30):20728-37. · 4.65 Impact Factor
• [show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A reliable, indirect method (GPD/INT assay) for estimating the number of live animal cells in multiwell culture has been devised. It is based on the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gpdh) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activities present in the cytoplasm of viable eukaryotic cells but not in their bathing medium nor in nonviable cells. A single reagent mixture, buffered at pH 7.8 and containing Tris, Triton X-100, glucose-6-phosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), phenazine methosulfate, and iodonitrotetrazolium violet, is added to the cultures. The Triton X-100 releases the cytoplasmic contents into the medium, facilitating enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of the glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate by NADP. The resulting reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, reduces tetrazolium violet to its formazan, the color of which reflects the number of living cells that were in the culture. The assay was tested on recombinant Gpdh and the several types of animal and insect cell lines to verify the premise that there is proportionality between the amount of GPdh and number of viable cells in the cultures. The method has been used to quantitate the effects of growth inhibitors on cells in 96-well cultures.
Analytical Biochemistry 02/2005; 336(2):187-95. · 2.58 Impact Factor
• Source
G Haslam, D Wyatt, P A Kitos
[show abstract] [hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A method is described for estimating the numbers ofanimal cells in multi-well culture by simultaneouslymeasuring the lactate dehydrogenase activity of thetotal culture and the medium. The difference betweenthe two reflects the dehydrogenase content of thecells and correlates with cell number. This LDH/INTmethod was tested using several lines of normal andtransformed suspension and adherent cells. Thelactate dehydrogenase activities of duplicate cultureswere determined colourimetrically using reactioncocktails containing lactate, NAD(+), diaphorase,and p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet, with and withoutTriton X-100. The difference in absorbance at 490 nm(DeltaA(490) = A(490, test) - A(490, control)) was used to calculate the lactatedehydrogenase activity of the total culture (+ Triton)and the medium (- Triton). The cellular lactatedehydrogenase activity (difference between totaland medium dehydrogenaseactivities) was proportional to viable cell number. The effects on cell growth of four metabolicinhibitors, sodium azide, actinomycin D,cycloheximide, and taxol, were determined using theLDH/INT assay and direct cell counting. The inhibitorconcentrations that caused decreases in the LDHactivity and cell number by 50% were similar. TheLDH/INT assay is quick and sensitive, works equallywell for adherent and suspension cells, and providesinformation about LDH activities of both the mediumand cells. It is particularly useful for screeningpotential cell-growth inhibitors.
Cytotechnology 02/2000; 32(1):63-75. · 1.32 Impact Factor
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ABSTRACT: The synthesis and evaluation of 1–4 as potential inhibitors of GAR Tfase and AICAR Tfase are detailed.
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 07/1998; 6(6):643-59. · 2.90 Impact Factor | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9054239988327026}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '127988', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:6N6SDUNMJ4ZQYOJS62Y2MOZGCWGU7UTY', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:1ea7177a-cbb3-4200-beec-f65c8df18bea>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2014, 3, 11, 20, 52, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '69.174.243.183', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:PYYVXH4HRHTODW4BTW2GXI5ZN6RJBQCA', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:120d310c-ac00-462c-893d-13c8e7cff554>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/11813339_Diane_Wyatt/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:0c3dcb7d-a1b8-4719-90c1-a7fccbe6dcc8>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '721', 'url': 'http://www.researchgate.net/researcher/11813339_Diane_Wyatt/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2014-10\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web with URLs provided by Blekko for March 2014\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.020221292972564697', 'original_id': 'a32288641edb656d1ecc1d44c03e9230dc1ff90bd6d33a38064b2aff9777adb8'} |
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The following is mirrored with permission from
Institute of Science in Society
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Relevant Links:
ISIS Report -- June 9, 2001
Dr. Mae-Wan Ho was invited to the Green Research Forum in the European Parliament to debate Framework VI, the European Union’s Research Funding Programme 2002-2006. She argues that the massive divestment of public research funding into health genomics is aimed at bailing out an industry already in trouble over GM crops, and in danger of being driven to bankruptcy by the human genome. The real disaster, however, will fall on public health. It prevents scientists and civil society from addressing the real causes of ill health, which are overwhelmingly social and environmental, and will end up victimising those most in need of care and treatment. Here is the complete text of her contribution to the Biotechnologies Panel.
The Human Genome - A Big White Elephant
Green Research Forum, European Parliament, Brussels, June 6, 2001
Mae-Wan Ho
Institute of Science in Society
24 Old Gloucester St., London WC1N 3AL UK
The human genome may go down in history as the biggest white elephant for humanity. It cost a lot and is useless, it does not work, and is so expensive to maintain and grows so big so fast that it will bankrupt the industry as well as entire nations [1]. The only clear message in the ‘book of life’ is "there is no one home, life is not to be found here". Craig Venter, whose company Celera raced the publicly funded sequencing consortium to the finishing line, said as much, "We simply do not have enough genes for this idea of biological determinism to be right. The wonderful diversity of the human species is not hard-wired in our genetic code. Our environments are critical." [2].
I was researcher and lecturer in genetics throughout the mid-1970s to the early 1980s when new discoveries on the fluid genome made headlines every week, overturning the most deeply held convictions of classical genetics. Craig Venter may have just discovered that genetic determinism cannot deliver the goods, after sequencing the human genome. But many of us knew that genetic determinism had died with the revelations of the fluid genome, if not before [3].
The scientific establishment has remained firmly wedded to genetic determinism, if only because it is indispensable for business. It is also fuelling the resurgence of eugenics and genetic discrimination, and making even the most unethical uses seem compelling, such as the creation of human embryos to supply cells and tissues for transplant in so-called ‘therapeutic’ human cloning [4].
I started my career in human biochemical genetics, studying genuine genetic diseases that could be attributed to mutations in single genes. These account for no more than 2% of all human ailments. But diagnosing and curing rare single gene defects simply "did not fit the business model". So, ‘genetic defects’ and ‘gene therapy’ expanded in recent years to include the far more common and potentially highly profitable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, AIDS, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Francis Collins, head of the public human genome consortium, runs a laboratory in the US National Institutes of Health. He is now engaged in a "huge and very complicated" search for genes for adult-onset diabetes [5]. Adult-onset diabetes, like asthma and cancer has reached epidemic proportions over the years, increasing from 4.9% in 1990 to 6.5% in 1998, in both sexes, across all ages, ethnic groups, education levels, and in nearly all states in the United States [6]. That should have alerted all rational scientists to look for environmental causes instead of genes.
James Watson and other proponents of the human genome project perpetrated the ultimate genetic determinist myth that the human genome sequence contains the ‘blueprint for making a human being’. The public has paid out billions of dollars in the United States and hundreds of millions of pounds in the United Kingdom. Now, dozens of genome sequences later, the sequencers haven’t a clue of how to make the smallest bacterium or the simplest worm, let alone a human being. The human genome may consist of up to 98.9% ‘junk DNA’ with no known function. Geneticists are baffled. "The genome isn’t a code, and we can’t read it." [7]
Public investment was needed to keep the human genome in the public domain, we were told. But that had not prevented any human gene from being patented. On the contrary, scientists funded by the public have been busy patenting genes and starting up private companies, with little or no return to the public coffers [8]. Genes and cell lines stolen from indigenous peoples are patented, and governments are selling DNA databases of entire nations to private companies. These patents and proprietary databases not only violate basic human rights and dignity, they are seriously distorting healthcare and stifling scientific research and innovation [9]. They should be firmly rejected by the scientific community.
Now, the elephant attendants are saying the human genome needs more money before it can deliver the goods. The UK Government is obligingly giving away £2.5 billion over the next four years to ‘health genomics’, to identify all the genes that predispose the UK population to disease [10]. The elephant is growing big fast.
Such massive divestments of public funds are designed to bail out the biotech industry already in trouble over GM crops, and now showing every sign of being driven bankrupt by the human genome [11]. But the real disaster will fall on public health. It is narrowing the options for healthcare and foreclosing other promising approaches. Health genomics is a major diversion and obstruction, and is preventing us from addressing the overwhelming environmental and social causes of ill-health. It will also victimise those most in need of care and treatment. I call it "a scientific and financial black hole" [12], a colossal waste of scientific imagination and financial resources.
In many respects, health genomics epitomises the failures of reductionist medicine, which have reached crisis proportions. Drug and antibiotic resistant infectious diseases have come back with a vengeance within the past 25 years. Infectious diseases are responsible for one-quarter of the 53.9 million deaths in the world, second to cardiovascular disease [13]. For poor countries and children under five, however, infectious diseases top the list, accounting respectively for 45% and 63% of deaths. Among the factors blamed are the overuse and abuse of antibiotics, destruction of the environment, poverty, malnutrition and increase in air travel, all of which serves to remind us that disease cannot be understood in reductionist terms. One likely contributing factor that has yet to be named by the scientific establishment is the rise of commercial genetic engineering within the same period [14]. Genetic engineering, in agriculture as in medicine, uses the same tools and makes the same kinds of artificial constructs, all of which enhance horizontal gene transfer and recombination, precisely the processes that create new pathogens and spread drug and antibiotic resistance genes.
The other big killers are cardiovascular disease, which tops the list at 31%, and cancer at 13%, after infectious diseases. Both cardiovascular disease and cancer are predominantly illnesses of rich industrialised nations. Cancers are linked to ionising radiation [15] and to the hundreds of actual and potential carcinogens among the industrial and agricultural chemicals polluting our air, water and soil [16].
The incidence of cancer is known to increase with industrialisation and pesticide use. Women in non-industrial Asian countries have a much lower incidence of breast cancer compared to women living in the industrialised west. However, when Asian women emigrate to Europe and the United States, their incidence of cancer jumps to that of the white European women within a single generation. Similarly, when DDT and other pesticides were phased out in Israel, breast cancer mortality in pre-menopausal women dropped by 30%. Environmental influences clearly swamp out even large genetic differences [17].
Health genomics research will do nothing to identify or remove the causes of cancer. Instead, it will identify all the genes that ‘predispose’ the victims to cancers, to enable corporations that have made lots of money polluting the environment with carcinogens to make lots more money selling diagnostic tests and ‘miracle cures’. Patients are bankable assets, and terminal cancer patients all the more so.
The disease statistics are bad enough. But the cures may be far worse. Successive studies have documented a rising epidemic of iatrogenic diseases, ie, diseases caused by medical treatments, interventions and drugs. Doctors are now the third leading cause of death in the US [18], responsible for some 250 000 every year, among which are 106 000 due to non-error negative effects of drugs. The problem is not confined to the US, it is endemic in all industrialised countries that adhere to the same reductionist model of health and disease: Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Britain. We can already see the tip of the iceberg in the new classes of iatrogenic diseases that ‘health genomics’ will bring. Clinical trials of ‘gene therapy’ have killed six and caused more than 650 adverse events [19]. The ‘miracle cure’ for Parkinson’s turned into an irredeemable nightmare because the cells from foetuses transplanted into five patients’ brains grew uncontrollably [20]. And watch out for viral pandemics if xenotransplantation is to go ahead [21].
A sweeping paradigm change is long overdue. The human genome, like the genome of any other organism, is fluid and dynamic. Genes function organically, in entangled networks that respond from moment to moment to the changing context of the whole organism in its ecosystem. They are not mechanical elements operating in fixed circuit boards. Let me give a few recent examples of how genes, genomes and organisms respond organically to their environment, demanding a radical rethink of the conventional approach.
Many bacteria are now found to change reversibly from a benign, non-proliferative phase to a pathogenic, proliferative phase, depending on ecological conditions [22]. Some scientists are now rethinking the failed conventional model of killing pathogens with new, ever more deadly antibiotics as bacteria become resistant to the old ones [23]. They are designing drugs that physiologically tame the bacteria, rather than kill them. A logical extension of that approach is to find how ecological balance could be achieved, so bacteria do not become virulent.
The dominant reductionist model of cancer says cancer is caused by mutations in specific cancer genes and cancer-suppressing genes. There is growing evidence that those gene mutations are neither necessary nor sufficient for cancer to develop. Every cancer has a different genetic signature. In fact, every cancerous growth in an individual differs in genetic signature. The cancerous state is a physiological response of the cell to its environment, which is ultimately the whole organism in its ecological context. Cancer is associated with gross genetic instability that gives rise to large genomic abnormalities [24]. Cancer cures based on single molecular interventions offered by health genomics will therefore be largely irrelevant and ineffective. The emphasis must be prevention rather than cure. The phenomenon of spontaneous cancer remission should also be much more thoroughly investigated. Remissions can occur after various experiences that affect the whole body, such as fever, a change of diet or change of life-style.
There have been a large number of observations suggesting that genes in bacteria and other organisms can mutate in response to environmental challenges, so as to enable them to survive [25]. There is evidence that defective genes in human beings can also regain function by mutation. Cells in the body of individuals born with defective genes have been found to revert spontaneously to functional states [26]. Thus, rather than persist in futile and dangerous attempts at ‘gene therapy’, substantial effort ought to be redirected towards elucidating the physiological and environmental conditions that can encourage the body to mend its own defective genes [27].
We have had decades, if not centuries, of reductionist, mechanistic science that has given us a surfeit of knowledge of the parts, not all of which has been put to good, sustainable use. Now is the time to complement this knowledge of the parts with investigations aimed at knowledge of the organic whole [28] that can truly bring health and well being to the community. In particular, I propose that we target at least part of our research budget to the following areas which are currently either grossly under-funded, or not funded at all.
1. Ecology and Energy Use in Sustainable Systems
• To investigate the precise role of complexity and biodiversity
• To elucidate energy-relationships, energy use, renewable energies
• To identify biophysical indicators of ecosystem health
• To develop non-invasive, non-destructive technologies for monitoring and regulating environmental quality
2. Science of the Organism and Holistic Health
• To articulate a concept of an organic whole as the basis of health
• To identify biophysical and dynamical indicators of health
• To develop non-invasive, non-destructive technologies for monitoring health and for quality control of food and other agricultural produce
• To develop effective therapeutic methods based on minimum intervention.
3. Working Science Partnerships
• To enable scientists to work directly with local communities
• To revitalise and protect traditional agricultural and healthcare systems from biopiracy and globalisation
• To develop appropriate sciences and technologies
4. Science and Technology Monitor
• To monitor new developments for social/ecological accountability and safety
• To promote critical public understanding
• To promote science-public dialogue and public participation
Key words:
human genome, health genomics, eugenics, genetic discrimination, antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases, iatrogenic diseases, cancer
This report was researched by Sam Burcher, Julian Haffegee, Nick Papadimitriou and Angela Ryan.
1. See Ho, M.W. (2001). The human genome map, the death of genetic determinism and beyond. Third World Resurgence 127-128, 14-18.
2. Cited in "Men and women behaving badly? Don’t blame DNA" Robin McKie, Observer, Feb. 11, 2001. See also "Gene code opens new fields of medicine" Tim Radford, The Guardian Feb. 12, 2001.
3. See Ho, M.W. (1998, 1999). Genetic Engineering Dream or Nightmare? Turning the Tide on the Brave New World of Bad Science and Big Business, Gateway, Gill and Macmillan, Dublin, Continuum Books, New York.
4. See "The unnecessary evil of 'therapeutic' human cloning" Mae-Wan Ho and Joe Cummins. ISIS News 7/8 Feb. 2001. Also, Third World Resurgence 127-128, 43-45
5. See an excellent essay, "A Map to Nowhere, The genome isn't a code and we can't read it", by Tom Bethell, The American Spectator, April 2001.
6. Mokdad, A.H., et al. (2000). Diabetes trends in the US: 1990-1998. Diabetes Care 23, 1278-83.
7. The following description given by Tom Bethell (ref. 5) is the best that I have come across anywhere for describing the flexibility and fluidity of gene function:
Imagine that an intelligence service were to discover some unintelligible messages being sent by a spy. At first the intelligence agents naturally assume they are looking at a code. They assume the task of decoding will be straightforward. But on closer analysis it turns out that the message means one thing if the signal has been received and acted upon, another thing if it has been received and not acted upon, another thing if the receiving apparatus is not switched on, and so on. Rather than just a code the message is a bit like a set of rules for a rather complex interactive game. There are feedback loops, and circuits within circuits, and a lot of things happening inside the cell but outside the genome…
8. "Investing in healthcare or the health market?" by Nick Papadimitriou, ISIS Report April 18, 2001
9. Regalado, A. (2000). The great gene grab. Technology Review September/October, 49-55.
10. "UK to establish population DNA database" ISIS News 7/8, Feb. 2001 ISSN: 1474-1547 (print) ISSN: 1474-1814 (online)
11. "Mapping the genome could be route to disaster" Leo Lewis, The Independent on Sunday, Business, 11 Feb., 2001; see also Bethel (ref. 5).
12. Ho, M.W. (2000). The human genome sellout. Third World Resourgence 123-124, 4-9; also ISIS News 6, September 2000 ISSN: 1474-1547 (print) ISSN: 1474-1814 (online)
13. World Health Organisation figures for 1998, WHO website,
14. Ho MW, Traavik T, Olsvik R, Tappeser B, Howard V, von Weizsacker C and McGavin G. Gene Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1998: 10: 33-59.
15. Montague, P. (2000). The major cause of cancer parts 1-3, Rachel’s Environmental Weekly,
16. Steingraber, S. (1997). Living Downstream, Addison Wesley, New York; See also Are the Experts Lying? Special issue of The Ecologist, 1998.
17. See Ho, 1998, 1999 (ref. 3).
18. Starfield, B. (2000). Is US health really the best in the world? Journal American Medical Association 284, 483-5.
19. "Gene therapy oversold by scientists who disregard risks" Angela Ryan, ISIS Report May 17, 2001,
20. "Parkinson’s miracle cure turns into a catastrophe" by Sarah Boseley, The Guardian, March 13, 2001.
21. See Ho, M.W. and Cummins, J. (2000) Xenotransplantation – How Bad Science and Big Business Put the World At Risk from Viral Pandemics, ISIS Sustainable Science Audit No.2, August 2000 also Third World Resurgence 127/128,46-55.
22. See Ho, 1998, 1999 (ref. 3), final Chapter.
23. See Heinemann, J.A., Ankerbaner, R.G. and Amabile-Cuevas, C.F. (2000). Do antibiotics maintain antibiotic resistance? Drug Discovery Today 5, 195-204; also, "Phasing out antibiotics will not reduce antibiotic resistance. The irrelevance of natural selection" by Mae-Wan Ho, ISIS News 6, September 2000, ISSN: 1474-1547 (print) ISSN: 1474-1814 (online)
24. See Rasnick D. Auto-catalysed progression of aneuploidy explains the Hayflick limit of cultured cells, carcinogen-induced tumours in mice, and the age distribution of human cancer. Biochem. J. 2000: 348, 497-506; also "Rethinking cancer, from cure to prevention" by Brian Goodwin, ISIS News7/8, February 2001, ISSN: 1474-1547 (print) ISSN: 1474-1814 (online)
25. See Ho, 1998, 1999 (ref. 3), Chapter on "The fluid and adaptable genome".
26. In heterozygous individuals, ie, those with two different copies of the gene, one of which is defective, recombination occurs during cell division, when the two copies exchange parts, and the defective copy gets mended. In other instances, the functional copy corrects the defective copy by substituting for it directly. But even in homozygous patients, ie, those individuals with two identical, defective copies of the gene, both copies have been found to mutate spontaneously to regain function. See Waisfisz, Q., Morgan, N.V., Savino, M., et al (1999). Spontaneous functional correction of homozygous Fanconi anaemia alleles reveals novel mechanistic basis for reverse mosaicism. Nature Genetics 22, 379-83.
27. "Defective genes can regain function" by Mae-Wan Ho, ISIS News 2, September 1999, Waisfisz, Q., Morgan, N.V., Savino, M., et al (1999). Spontaneous functional correction of homozygous Fanconi anaemia alleles reveals novel mechanistic basis for reverse mosaicism. Nature Genetics 22, 379-383.
28. See Ho, M.W. (1993,1998). The Rainbow and the Worm, The Physics of Organisms, World Scientific, Singapore.
PO Box 32097, London NW1 OXR
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Downregulation of N-cadherin expression inhibits invasiveness, arrests cell cycle and induces cell apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Some studies have demonstrated that N-cadherin is upregulated in more invasive cancer cell lines and tumors and plays a key role in intercellular adhesion. However, the understanding on the roles N-cadherin plays in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still poor. Our data showed that knock-down of N-cadherin in ESCC cell line (EC9706) could arrest cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, induce cell apoptosis, reduce the invasiveness in vitro, and inhibit the tumor formation in vivo. These results suggest that N-cadherin is an important factor in the progression and metastasis of ESCC and N-cadherin may serve as a potential molecular target for biotherapy of ESCC. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '5c8cc186df6a37f5a1b0a3b3b2232add70bdd7b102e8587987e4211e9faa2634'} |
I'm American, but I've spent a big chunk of the last eight years in Canada, first for affordable education, and then for love. Canada is a gentle foster motherland, suckling me on her polite, maple-flavored bosom. But Netflix here is some bootleg FUBAR bullshit.
Don't get me wrong, Canada's got a lot going for it. The beer is better and the flannel is warmer, and that whole thing about people saying "sorry" all the time is true. Toronto has a crack mayor who careens around town like a rapidly deflating balloon full of drunk farts, but the city still runs so smoothly I'm like 72 percent convinced Canada could turn into an anarchist nation and people would still compost and wait in line to board the metro and generally go about their reasonable lives. I like it here. (If my immigration case worker is reading this: I LOVE IT HERE!)
But damn, the streaming media options are liquid garbage. All of the interesting YouTube videos are uploaded by users who have not made the video available in Canada. You want Hulu Plus? Well, fuck you.
And Netflix, as experienced by our neighbors to the north, is an anemic imitation that besmirches the brand. It shouldn't even be called Netflix. Netflix Lite, maybe. Netflix Canada Trashcan, probably, although that might negatively impact subscription sales. It's the same price as the U.S. version, too, which makes it even more insulting.
My long (non)-national nightmare with Canadian Netflix began two years ago, when I left the U.S. for Toronto. I'd lived in Montreal years before, but Netflix streaming wasn't a thing then. [Sidebar: I can't even imagine how shitty a Netflix: Quebec would be if the province ever fulfilled its separatist goals. It would literally just be the movie C.R.A.Z.Y. and old clips of Bon Cop Bad Cop. If you don't know what either of those things are you have probably never spent time in la belle province de poutine.]
Once in Toronto, I attempted to continue my journey through sexual crime with Detectives Benson and Stabler, only to discover that Canada's Netflix had zero episodes of Law and Order: SVU. This was back when U.S. Netflix had the whole series, so it was infuriating. I tried to watch my favorite Michael Scott moments, only to discover Canadian Netflix only has the U.K version of The Office. And anyone who tells you they prefer the U.K. The Office is either British or lying to themselves. Dunder Mifflin forever.
I tried to stave off my homesickness by introducing my Canadian friends to the liberal '90s screwball utopia of The West Wing, but apparently Canada hasn't forgiven Sorkin for Studio 60. Parks and Recreation, 30 Rock, and Louie all vanished north of the 49th parallel. Altogether, Canada has fewer than half the available titles that the U.S. version of Netflix offers, which is probably why one third of English-speaking Canadian Netflix users hop onto the U.S. version through proxies and other methods of dubious legality. I use Hola, which I hope will never die. It's a free browser extension that lets you access media and websites from outside of your region. There are Canadian services like UnblockUs that do the same thing but they cost money, and I find Hola the easiest to use anyways. Any third-party service using a VPN will work, though sometimes streaming can be even slower.
Most Canadians I know get sweaty palms about jaywalking but don't think twice about rerouting their Netflix to the south, because if there's anything worse than not having something you want, it's not having something you want and watching your neighbor enjoy it. The Canadian landscape may be sparsely populated, but its streaming media need not be. Right country, wrong distribution deals.
In fairness, there are some rare cases where I feel ~lucky~ to have Canadian Netflix. I give Canadian Netflix props for having The Good Wife, which U.S. Netflix does not have. Same with Community. And while you have to have U.S. Netflix to watch Bad Boys, you have to have Canadian Netflix to watch Bad Boys II. Netflix just signed deals with Disney, Pixar, LucasFilm, and Marvel to stream films in Canada, which will seriously bulk up the children's section in Canadian Netflix. I've noticed more movies and TV shows I actually want to watch pop up, although they're usually not enticing enough to prevent me from switching over to the U.S. site.
To sum up the Canadian Netflix experience, there's an excellent episode of 30 for 30 about Wayne Gretzky's trade from the Edmonton Oilers to the Los Angeles Kings that looks at the way the trade devastated Canadian fans. It's only available to watch through U.S. Netflix. First the Americans stole Gretzky, and then they stole all the good TV.
For my Canadian brethren breathless at the injustice of an inferior Netflix suggestion, the upswing in agreements is a balm... plus, it could be worse. We could be in the U.K.
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Goals and learning objectives
This module provides an overview of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). After completing it, you will be able to explain the difference between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease and discuss current treatments for both.
You will also understand the monitoring of both disease progression and IBD medications, and be able to signpost patients to education and support resources.
Contributing author: Anneliese D’Souza, MRPharmS, IPresc, specialist homecare and IBD pharmacist, Northwick Park and St Mark’s Hospital.
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纸质报纸 电子报纸
手机订阅 微商城
双语新闻 翻译协作
英语听力 国际学校
精彩视频 名人演讲
演讲技巧 口语训练营
新闻资讯 语言文化
备课资源 经验交流
教案 课件 试题考试指导
高三教案 第635期
Social media could cause bad feelings (P2)
邯郸市第一中学 许蕾蕾
I. Warming up
Social media is a form of electronic communication, such as websites for social networking and microblogging, through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages and videos, etc.
How does social media affect our daily lives?
II. Skimming
Read the text quickly and answer the question.
1. What is the main idea of the article?
A study showed that there may be a link between the rise of suicide rates among young US people and social media.
III. Scanning
Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.
1. Why does Jean Twenge believe that the rise in social media use is to blame for the rise of suicide rates among young US people?
Key: It’s thought that social media posts of people showing off their apparently good lives could be having a negative impact on young people.
2. What does Esther Rantzen think could be the reason for the large number of calls Childline received from young people in 2016?
Key: She thinks the reason for this is social media, as virtual reality conveys the impression that everybody is gloriously attractive, wonderfully funny, liked by like-minded people, which can intensify the loneliness and isolation of a child or young person, who is made to feel inadequate because they may not have someone they can turn to and trust.
3. How will young people benefit if they stay away from social media according to Samantha Price?
Key: They will sleep better, concentrate and therefore learn better and feel better.
VI. Language study
Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the sentence structures.
• It’s thought that “人们认为” ； it 为形式主语，真正的主语为that后的从句。
• apparently 显然地。
• have a negative impact on 意为对...有负面影响
2. This problem isn’t unique to the US. In the UK, Childline, a round-the-clock telephone helpline, dealt with over 22,000 calls from young people in 2016, reported the Daily Mail. That’s about one every 20 minutes.
• a round-the-clock telephone helpline 为childline的同位语
3. The fact is that this can intensify the loneliness and isolation of a child or young person, who is made to feel inadequate because they may not have a single person they can turn to and trust.
• that 引导表语从句
• who 引导非限定定语从句
• because 引导原因状语从句
V. Post-reading
Has social media made us less social?
v People used to need to go out with their friends to know about their lives but now they can learn from their computer screen without any real human contact or conversation.
v Social media has, to some degree, estranged users from their families and loved ones.
lSocial media helps people connect with their friends and stay updated more easily.
lSocial media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before.
lSocial media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere.
VI. Homework
What is your opinion of the impact of social media? Write a composition of about 120 words to share your ideas.
(You can use the internet to get more information. Recommend website: http://www.debate.org/opinions/has-social-media-made-us-less-social)
Libraries living on in digital age (P4)
江苏省南菁高级中学 宋雨敏
I. Pre-reading
Do you like going to the library?
Brain storming
What is your dream library like?
What is library to you in your mind?
The library is like _______ to me, because ________.
The library is like a garden to me, because I can enjoy a wide range of information in it, just like appreciating different kinds of flowers in a garden.
II. Read for genre
What is the writing genre of the article?
A. Narrative writing
B. Argumentative writing
C. Expository writing
D. Practical writing
Key: B
III. Read for argument
Original sentence:
Libraries are not declining in importance - people are simply changing the way they use them.
Your own conclusion (possible version):
Libraries have reasons to stay alive in the digital age
IV. Read for supporting details
Advantages of libraries
Ø Bridge the gap between the haves and the have-nots.
Ø Public libraries allow more people to have access to resources and technologies.
Ø Libraries help people evaluate the quality and completeness of what they see online
Ø Libraries are a place where people can fully concentrate without easily getting distracted.
Ø Libraries have a non-commercial nature that allows you to relax completely.
Ø There is no pressure to buy and there is no judgment of your choices.
Ø There are few other spaces that you can just be without somebody questioning your presence or your motivation.
l No limitation of backgrounds.
l Reliable materials
l Non-commercial environment
Disadvantages of digital reading
Ø Not everyone can afford a smartphone, a tablet, an internet connection, or the know-how to search the internet correctly and efficiently.
Ø Some online materials are not always reliable, valuable or complete.
Ø People are trying to sell you something in other places.
V. Read for the outline
VI. Read for writing skills
How does the author make the article convincing and persuasive?
• By quoting celebrities or experts;
• By making comparisons;
• By giving examples;
• By analyzing reasons.
VII. Critical thinking
1. Since physical libraries have so many advantages, why are we still devoted to developing digital books or digital libraries?
• It symbolizes the development of the society.
• We are all longing for a better life.
• It’s human nature to explore the unknown world.
• We are hoping to solve current problems and relieve pain.
• We are seeking to free ourselves from certain work.
• We are striving to push our boundaries and create a more harmonious world for the future generations and the other creatures as well.
• …
2. What are the advantages of digital books?
• light and thin
• convenient
• interactive
• reader-friendly
• …
3. If you were given a novel, one in printed form and the other as an e-book, which one would you prefer to read? Explain the reasons for your choice.
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Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Two Sentence Tuesday: SF Edition
I'm currently reading John Scalzi's excellent novel Old Man's War. The book begins with one of the best opening lines in recent memory. Since I'm listening to the audiobook, I didn't realize it was actually three sentences but, if you format the text differently, it could have been two.
Anyone who doesn't want to read more, well, I don't know what to say.
As for some SF-related sentence of my own, my current WIP is this fantasy/steampunk/SF thing I described in the first post of SF Safari. I may end up changing things around but here's a couple of sentences to tease you with:
He didn't know how and he didn't know why but, somehow, in the fifteen years he's been marooned in this strange, foreign city, Captain Gregg Landingham discovered that the buildings were alive and they spoke to him. Now, they were telling him that someone he knew was being murdered.
Over on my crime blog, I posted some pulp-related sentences. Head on over there and let me know what you think.
For more Two Sentence Tuesday fun, head on over to Women of Mystery.
1. Really great sentences. I really want to read more.
2. Scott, you cannot leave us hanging on these two great sentences. I empower you to put the next two sentences down for next week. Surely there won't be any plot spoilers so soon.
3. Crystal - Thanks for linking over here. I have this grand idea for this grand story but I want to make sure I keep it on a human level. So, I'm working through all these new characters dancing around in my head, seeing if they have something to say that's of interest to me. To date, the word "marooned" is the key.
Barbara - [Taking deep breath and pounding solidly on chest] I feel so empowered. Here's the thing: as I wrote in Crystal's comment, I'm seeing what these new folks have to say for themselves. As I sat down--this morning--to write my two SF sentences, I kept trying to go for the long, involved sentence. And I had a particular idea of how Captain Langingham was going to act. Then, suddenly, that bit about the buildings being alive just sneaked up on me and I went with it. I like the idea. Now, I need to come up with sentences 3 and 4. Thanks for the encouragement.
4. Often my stories will take on a life of their own when I begin them, then I go with the flow. Sometimes the most amazing things pop up out of the blue and you have just encountered such an experience. Go with it and see where it leads you.
5. Barbara - There were a couple of times when I was writing my first novel where things seemed to happen magically. It was as if my characters, the ones I created, stood up and let me know that there were other things they could do. I followed their lead and wrote a better book. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '11', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9866010546684264}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '135152', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:OPI5TRB6XEG33BPLEXBSAV5TBTXER4MZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:90374145-6757-4a73-9569-44587f9c6470>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2016, 6, 30, 22, 56, 32), 'WARC-IP-Address': '173.194.68.132', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:NJFLG5JO7NY33O2MUB3N63RXKBD7KOXV', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:76c2d72a-4b3a-4788-bc45-6505357f0121>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://sf-safari.blogspot.com/2009/05/two-sentence-tuesday-sf-edition.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:04f4db1f-48e1-4a9d-993e-9120ccba4b3a>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '534', 'url': 'http://sf-safari.blogspot.com/2009/05/two-sentence-tuesday-sf-edition.html', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2016-26\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2016\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.10029822587966919', 'original_id': 'e5d4d1596eee3703e3c4434fcb506527881a47cdaf2abec5b966329d21de944e'} |
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Thursday, October 15, 2015
Q&A with Brian Shannon on new skate vid, screening Saturday
The Montreal filmographer premieres new skate video Duluth at Pro Skates this weekend
Posted By on Thu, Oct 15, 2015 at 3:35 PM
click to enlarge Brian Shannon's new skate vid screens Saturday - HOPE CHRISTERSON
• Hope Christerson
• Brian Shannon's new skate vid screens Saturday
On Saturday, our g's at Pro Skates (6451 Quinpool) are screening a new feature-length skate vid by Montreal filmographer and occasional VANS doggie, Brian Shannon. Shot since 2013 in Montreal, Chicago, Arizona and Barcelona, Duluth features the elite riding of Josh Clark, Zander Mitchell, Ethan Kilcour, Dustin Henry, Charles Deschamps, Johnny Purcell, Nate Oliver and a fuckload of other people. "This is all raw street skating," Shannon says. Named after his crew's old house near Duluth and de Bullion, Duluth also features a few shots by former Color Mag bruh Joel Martell (Oddfellows Barbershop). Bruh
click to enlarge Shooting Charles Deschamps in Montreal - RYAN LEBEL
• Ryan Lebel
• Shooting Charles Deschamps in Montreal
You took a crew trip to film in Barcelona. What was shooting in Europe like?
Skating in Barcelona was cool. I had never been to Europe so everything was new to me. We tried to hit unknown spots while we were out there, but half of me wanted to be a tourist and see all the famous spots. Our only issue in Barcelona came at this point when Josh Clark tried to bluntside this rail into a bank and then pop down a double set. He had tried it out a year prior and he really wanted to land it for the video. Right before his fifth attempt, cops rolled into the school (during school) and as Josh ate shit (as in the teaser), Dan (our photographer) and I were told that if we were caught again anywhere near the area, we would have our gear confiscated.
Do you still catch hard times when filming in public or skating structures? I know every city is different but it still feels like half the triumph of filming a landed trick is that someone didn't shoo you away before you could get it on camera.
Yeah. Everyone thinks they are cops. Wherever you go, you deal with super citizens who think they are the law but really you just tell them to call the cops and they just look at you like an alien. I'm not scared to get a ticket. You either film a trick on the last try or you make a plan to come back. Either coming back five minutes later, or later at night. If you're going to do it, you can do it.
Tell me about the soundtrack on Duluth. Who picked the segment jams?
I selected the whole soundtrack, excluding Dustin's and Ethan's songs. Dustin really wanted to skate the song he skates to, and it ended up working better than what I selected. For Ethan's song, I had tried a few different songs and he didn't know what to use. I had told my friend Ryan that I was looking for a song (for him) and he ended up sending me his song one day. He was at a show and heard it the night before. Some of the band members actually live on Duluth. I actually bought the song off the band's website and it was such shit quality. I tried to fix it and it still sucked. I was lucky enough to run into one of the guys in the band two days before the premiere and got the proper version and fixed it. Very weird and random. It almost didn't work out.
How did your experience filming other vids help you out on this one? In terms of, like, creating a flow or choosing the best scenes, the order of appearances...
Well, this isn't my first rodeo. Definitely filming for the last two Dime videos set a standard for what skateboarding should look like coming out of Montreal. Those guys are my friends, I respect them a lot but just because it didn't fit in their video didn't mean it wouldn't fit in mine. A few of these tricks had been previously cut from Dime Turd Season but everything has a home somewhere. When I made the first cut of the timeline mid-August, the video was 20 minutes of skating. I cut three minutes (besides credits) because I thought it was too long. That's hard because then you have to re-think the whole video. After I cut that, the parts just fell into the proper place.
What were you going for with this one?
The video is just meant to be fun. It's like, this is what I have been doing for two years with no bullshit. I guess it would be cool if people watched it and wanted to skate but if you would rather watch it and drink some beers, even better.
It premiered in Montreal in September and then Toronto. What was that like?
Montreal was pretty crazy. Grey Goose, crowd-surfing and even a fire. Toronto wasn't as nuts but it was a lot of fun and everyone was stoked. It's hard to top crowd-surfing and a fire. There are Hamilton and Moncton premieres coming up too.
I've spent my whole life trying to skate. It's fucking hard. When did you get into it?
I think I've had a skateboard since I was eight, but it was some Wal-Mart "landshark" shit board. I used to put sand on it and push it down the street. I didn't understand what it was actually for. I remember this one time I was going to Blockbuster with my mom, I saw this guy ollie up a sidewalk curb and I was like, 'I want to do that.' From there, I got a real board and played Tony Hawk's Pro Skater. As dumb as that sounds, that was what helped me get into skating. I was some suburban kid who played sports, but skateboarding was better than all of them. Now skating is just second nature. I've gotten worse at a lot of tricks and gotten better at others, it's a never-ending cycle. I mostly just film so I guess I'm good at avoiding cracks and other obstacles.
Not dumb, me too. I still love playing Tony. You filming now?
I don't think I'll ever stop. I'm going to try and film some more tricks for the new Dimestore video whenever I'm not working.
Tell me why people should come check this out on Saturday.
Because watching shit on your phone sucks. Enjoy the video.
DULUTH TEASER from Brian Shannon on Vimeo.
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There are a number of people who depend on their pets for emotional support and while it seems really funny, the truth is that an animal can provide you more support than a human can. In case you are depressed and lonely or you suffer from anxiety an emotional support animal comes in very handy and can prove to be like your pillar of strength in desperate times. Although these animals can be your best friend it is difficult to take them around with you whenever you want to and this is why it is essential for you to get an emotional support animal letter in order for you to travel safely without anybody stopping you.
Emotional support letter is one of those letters that guarantees entry for your pet no matter where you would like to take your pet and this enables you to travel with them safely. One of the major issues of people who are emotionally attached to the pet is that they cannot travel without them. Although there are a number of airlines, hotels and restaurants that are pet friendly, there are also some of them do not allow entry for a pet and in case you come across such a situation, having this letter can come in handy and enable you to take your pet with you without anybody stopping their entry.
Emotional support pets are very reliable and when you have them around you, it is essential for you to not let go of them. This letter is very easy to obtain and all you need to do is visit the website, fill up the form and a moderator will provide you with the letter on the very same day that you applied for it. This letter will ensure that your pet will not be taken away from you even for a brief second. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9788842797279358}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '39398', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:Y3ROW6EKKUK2MHCX46DIDHLTVNTXFT2G', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:e20624a0-63c0-40d6-b675-519602d1c4af>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2017, 4, 26, 0, 18, 58), 'WARC-IP-Address': '198.252.100.188', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': None, 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:GKCYTQQ6F6K6ZJVMLWZLA5W5FP722UOU', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d6f523d8-3353-4369-8ab9-7cf7c9ab1a72>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'http://markwarrenjacques.com/importance-emotional-support-letter/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:094992ca-a535-4700-9bd0-6ac3b54682ac>', 'WARC-Truncated': 'length'}", 'previous_word_count': '310', 'url': 'http://markwarrenjacques.com/importance-emotional-support-letter/', 'warcinfo': 'robots: classic\r\nhostname: ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Nutch 1.6 (CC)/CC WarcExport 1.0\r\nisPartOf: CC-MAIN-2017-17\r\noperator: CommonCrawl Admin\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for April 2017\r\npublisher: CommonCrawl\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.0\r\nconformsTo: http://bibnum.bnf.fr/WARC/WARC_ISO_28500_version1_latestdraft.pdf', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.018990039825439453', 'original_id': 'abbf960e2243916b8bed9f86a5aac06dfe2d957afc105bb2f1172dc85dd88ea4'} |
Here's a really handy little tool to keep on hand if you have
one of the great older Whirlpool-built dryers. It's made for both 29" (wide) and
27" models.
Hang this card inside the drum (instructions are included) and run the dryer for
15 seconds or so. If you open the door and the card has fallen off, airflow
through your vent system is OK. If the card's still hanging, it's time to get to
work cleaning the vent ducting - and probably the inside of the dryer, too.
Poor airflow, usually from lint buildup, is the #1 cause of
problems with dryers, and is responsible for more dryer-related fires than any
other cause.
This is one of the items I no longer stock, but they're still
available on Ebay from my distributors,
HERE
(I've shortened the LONG Ebay URL to make it easier to deal with)
"Nothing astonishes men so much as common sense and plain
dealing" - Ralph Waldo Emerson | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'ce18283b5881a174494da24a24749e7c66896a364793ff41329e7f777bc4d25b'} |
Grand Hotel
Grand Hotel (HMIJY)
Location: Noblesville, IN 46060 Hamilton County
Country: United States of America
N 40° 2.741', W 86° 0.746'
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J. Frank Becker built the "Becker House" in 1884 and used it as a bakery, restaurant, and boarding house. John Dietrich bought the property in 1905, calling it the Grand Hotel which had a "fireplace in every room."
Placed ByNoblesville Main Street, Inc
Marker ConditionNo reports yet
Date Added Sunday, September 21st, 2014 at 1:59am PDT -07:00
Locationbig map
UTM (WGS84 Datum)16T E 584242 N 4433294
Decimal Degrees40.04568333, -86.01243333
Degrees and Decimal MinutesN 40° 2.741', W 86° 0.746'
Degrees, Minutes and Seconds40° 2' 44.46" N, 86° 0' 44.76" W
Driving DirectionsGoogle Maps
Area Code(s)317, 765
Closest Postal AddressAt or near 996 Conner St, Noblesville IN 46060, US
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Maintenance Issues
1. Is this marker part of a series?
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4. What type of marker is it?
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7. Does the marker have a number?
8. What year was the marker erected?
9. This marker needs at least one picture.
10. Can this marker be seen from the road?
11. Is the marker in the median? | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '72', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.8444111347198486}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '59026', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:JHVIOSOSHPLK66WUQIUWG5QD7FVHDJLT', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:29beab9b-2162-4da4-9051-ab132222be0d>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2018, 12, 10, 21, 40, 23), 'WARC-IP-Address': '142.93.55.199', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:MZRULSZLXY7FNZPH2FVIFPBRERXS6LYG', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:a8f247a9-78f8-4bcd-9192-c50edc972f05>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.historicalmarkerproject.com/markers/HMIJY_grand-hotel_Noblesville-IN.html', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d1e64d32-35cc-4334-9536-5c5417eb5361>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '326', 'url': 'https://www.historicalmarkerproject.com/markers/HMIJY_grand-hotel_Noblesville-IN.html', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2018-51\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for December 2018\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-182-98-18.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.15 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 0.11-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.08093494176864624', 'original_id': 'edb887775237eb95c59f01e13300a52388609ed92cfd13fc6f410e21fc4eea47'} |
Rugby 2001 on Vista
Discussion in 'Rugby Video Games & Apps' started by Cymro, Mar 23, 2008.
1. Cymro
Cymro Guest
Does anyone know how I can put it on?
2. Forum Ad Advertisement
3. melon
melon Guest
Just google "windows 98 emulator" or "windows XP emulator" and go from there.
4. woosaah
woosaah Guest
it should still work without an emulator.
its stupid anyway lol
5. Fa'atau82
Fa'atau82 Guest
My Fifa 2001 worked. It just looks abysmal. The pixelation was so bad it looked like i was playing with lego men.
6. melon
melon Guest
woosie, don't say its stupid. It has the best running rugby of any rugby game ever!!!
7. Cymro
Cymro Guest
With mine it gets to 99% to start the setup then It must go to 100% and then goes off somewhere!
I cant install it so Im well buggered now!
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No. 19 Gym’Backs travel to SECs Saturday
BY ANDRES FOCIL
FAYETTEVILLE — The No. 19 University of Arkansas gymnastics team begins post-season action this weekend traveling to the Southeastern Conference Championship in Birmingham, Ala., Saturday. Arkansas is making its fourth appearance in four seasons at the SEC Championship and returns to Birmingham after a two-year hiatus in Duluth, Ga., for the 2004 and 2005 championships. "This is a big meet this weekend," said co-head coach Mark Cook. "It’s hard to believe we’ve had 10 meets already this year. We know it will be a battle at SECs as it always is but we feel confident and prepared heading into it." The Gym’Backs are no strangers to the tough competition that awaits them in Birmingham. Headlining the field is defending national champion and top-ranked Georgia. They are joined by No. 3 Florida, No. 5 Alabama, No. 8 LSU, No. 14 Auburn, No. 18 Kentucky and No. 19 Arkansas in what has become one of the toughest conference championships in the country. The Gym’Backs have continued to improve during their first three-plus seasons of competition and picked up narrow wins over Auburn and Kentucky at home this year for the second consecutive season. But both of those SEC foes have continued to score well all season and Arkansas will have it’s hands full this weekend. Another new feature (besides the location) that the Gym’Backs face this weekend is the arena setup. This weekend’s competition takes place with the gymnastics equipment on an elevated platform in the center of the arena. The setup is similar to the national championship structure and is familiar to the gymnasts from their club days. "I’d say about half of our team has seen this setup before," said co-head coach Rene Cook. "It’s a little different look and, yes, we do have some experience with it but it’s a different environment. We’ve competed well in the last five meets though and we’re going in well prepared and on a high note. I can’t wait to see what we can do." In addition to the goal of a top finish at the SEC Championship, Arkansas enters the meet looking for a high road score in the hopes of moving up into the top 18 in the country next week. The Gym’Backs, currently 19th in the country, are shooting for one of the coveted 18 seeded spots with the regionals just around the corner. "We’re in a really good spot right now," said Rene Cook, "and moving up is well within our grasp." Arkansas returns from SEC action to prepare for the 2006 NCAA South Central Regional Championship, a meet the Gym’Backs host for the first time in school history April 8 in Barnhill Arena. Tickets for the NCAA Regional are currently on sale at the Lady Razorback Ticket Office. Please call 57-LBACK or log on to LADYBACKS.COM for more information. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'd6383dbd1a6037d1d3fc255a01ad6bdf338ec37485d7eeaec009b1da5e97511f'} |
Eco Nuts are an award winning laundry detergent made from berries! Eco Nuts detergents use "soap nuts" that are certified USDA organic dried fruit shells that come from the Soap Berry tree in the Himilaya and contain a natural soap. Eco Nuts are gentle on both clothes and skin, making
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May 30, 2017
The Red-tailed are beings very insecure, fearful and fearful of any trivial thing, depends on us (its owners) sure they know to properly manage all these feelings. (A valuable related resource: Cardiologist). For many people the grays are much more neurotic to the queue vinegar. There are no scientific certainties on the matter, but apparently, the timneh subspecies animals are more sociable, less dependent and not elect a single member of the family herd as a favorite. Another element that must be present before Exhibitor a yaco, is the investment that is derived from such a decision. This investment includes not only the national, also the infrastructure, veterinary expenses and expenses of feeding.
The price of a papillero squab, properly socialized and weaned oscillates between 700 and 1200 euros. It is important to choose the best place for the acquisition, preferably should be a specialized breeder. Diseases more dangerous for these parrots are the circovirus (PBFD), psittacosis, Pacheco disease or the human. Remarkable is the first one, which dramatically affects the young yaquitos. For this reason, it is essential to make timely DNA testing, in order to rule out the virus, highly contagious in this species. Ultimately, we find ourselves with a few parrots that stand out for its intelligence, its sensitivity and its ability to reproduce sounds and speech human in a reliable way. We can not ignore that you it’s very long-lived birds, they can live up to 50 years.
In addition, they will need owners/companions of herd throughout its existence, let’s not kid ourselves, they depend on us until they die. On the other hand, they must feed healthy way, with fruits and vegetables as nutritious base. They shall specify at least once a year, the professional look of an expert in exotic veterinarian. For a couple of hours a day, it would be advisable to leave the cage and training flight, your fitness will thank you. Remember that it must stimulate their intelligence constantly with new games, daily challenges etc. They are not pets for children, they can be dangerous for them. However, can become the best friend of the family, because it You’ll feel one member of the same. If, finally, by a yaco or a tail vinegar, congratulations, you will experience unique sensations with his new partner with feathers. Remember, however, that he assumed a great responsibility, has signed to a friend that will join its vital route for a long time, take this into account. If it manages to bring security, affection and discipline to his Parrot, there are many possibilities that the experience becomes rich and rewarding for both parties. | mini_pile | {'original_id': '0111435d3e4cbea755b6e357d2d2e22e918604227dbd058b2c634bcc5f5f8b51'} |
Peanut and Rice Milk Curd
Peanuts lend creaminess to the milk but have a strong flavour, which can be reduced by mixing in rice. Rice also helps to thicken the milk and curd.
• 1 cup raw peanuts, soaked for 8 to 12 hours
• ½ cup brown rice flour
• 800 ml drinking water
• 8-12 chilli crowns /2-3 tbsp of non-dairy curd starter
Soak peanuts in sufficient water for 6-8 hours. Discard the water, rinse, place the peanuts in a blender and blend with 200 ml water (adding a little at a time), until you obtain a smooth paste. Then, add 400 ml water to this peanut paste. Similarly, make rice milk by mixing rice flour with 200 ml water. Boil the peanut milk on low heat. Once it starts to thicken, slowly start adding the rice milk, stirring continuously to prevent lumps from forming. Let the milk boil and thicken. Cool down to lukewarm temperature. Set the curd using the vegan starter the first time you make it, and keep some aside as a starter for the next batch.
The starter can also be stored in the freezer for up to 3 months.
Note- If you want a thick set curd, use 800 ml water for making the milk. For slightly runny curd, use 900 ml water.
Tip – If you do not have a vegan curd starter, you can use the chilli crowns of 8-12 green chillies. Wash the chillies, remove the crowns, add them to the milk mixture and keep aside in a warm place for 6-8 hours to set.
The setting time also depends on the climate and the temperature in the room. In summer, the curd may set in 4-6 hours, while in winter it may take a longer time of 10-12 hours. Keep an eye on the curd. Once it starts smelling sour, keep in the refrigerator.
This curd keeps for up to 2 weeks in the refrigerator.
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Document Definitions
DocumentDefinitions is a simple set of reference definitions (associated with the document-based model for UserInterfaces) for use in other pages that reference this one, without introducing a page-per-definition (since WikiIsNotaDictionary). This page gives reasonably precise working-definitions to several words associated with documents, interfaces, and features associated with them that might otherwise be too fuzzy for distinction.
You are not expected to agree with the following definitions, only to understand them in their context and resist pointless LaynesLaw battles. That said, the definitions do attempt to remain reasonably consistent with the common use of words.
document: a presentation of information and options designed for consumption by humans, with a default bias towards two-dimensional static visual presentations of text and graphics. The 'document' concept extends in general to the auditory and temporal dimensions (as per: sounds, animations, music, video) designed for consumption by humans, and could presumably be extended to other senses. Documents tend to be composable and decomposable, and as a consequence the boundaries between them are arbitrary and are often chosen for convenience to the discussion at hand. Sensors, actuators, commands, queries, processes, and protocols are examples of things that are not documents, though information about these things can be presented in documents.
active: A document is active if it presents input options to a human operator. Traditional input options include push-buttons, knobs, sliders, toggles and radio-buttons, text-fields, menus, and drawing canvases. These options are designed largely around the common input devices - mouse and keyboard. However, one can provide activity in other ways: gestures, drag-and-drop, context menus, focus, hooking joysticks and microphones and cameras, command-lines, etc. Degree-of-activeness can be measured in terms of spatial properties (e.g. percentage of document supporting user input) and logic costs (fraction of document definition associated with presenting or providing input options, but not to processing the actual inputs).
live: A document may be live, in which case it automatically reflects updates to external systems - specifically excluding user input - over time. Example features include dials, gauges, lights, rolling text, progress bars, alert-icons, changing text, pop-ups. Examples of live documents include RSS feeds, web cameras, stock tickers, etc. Liveness can be measured in degrees in terms of reactivity (e.g. latency between an update to a system and its corresponding update in the document), spatial properties (percentage of document subject to update).
static: A document that is neither live nor active is static. Static documents might still be subject to update, but said updates won't be seen automatically. Static documents can still be temporal in nature (such as sounds, movie clips, and animations). A bit stronger than 'static' document is a dead document, which will never see updates. Documents tend to become dead through neglect, completion, or versioning.
interactive: A document is interactive if it is active and there is a causal feedback loop such that activities cause changes to the document. Interactive documents don't need to be live (as evidenced by simple calculators, simple video-games, etc.).
interface: A document is an interface if it is active and the activity causes a command to an external system. Doesn't imply live feedback as part of the document. Interfaces without feedback are often applied usefully when the external system being controlled is within visual or auditory range of the operator. The degree to which a document is an interface is determined both by how active it is and how many activity options influence the external system as opposed to modifying the presentation of the document.
live interface: an interactive interface document such that at least one bit live feedback is causally influenced by external systems that are causally influenced by activities. I.e. there exists a causal interactive loop via influence on external systems, as opposed to 'document local' feedback loops.
document definition: A complete, serialized representation for a document. Document definitions are immutable, but that fact does not hinder liveness (which may be achieved through keeping a document definition up-to-date relative to its source document-object or through the document composing external data-sources such as other document-objects).
document object: A service that, upon request, provides a document definition. The traditional example of a document-object is a file, but documents can just as easily be requested from live systems, and it isn't unreasonable to even treat queries to databases as 'document objects'. 'Document object' in the purest sense should be understood as possessing 'universal identity', such that two distinct requests for the document object without any intermediate updates to the object can be guaranteed to return the same document definition. (Caching and other practices relax this purity in order to improve performance, but understanding 'uniqueness' of document objects still remains important to understanding the document-based UserInterface model.) Document objects give identity to documents. For example, concepts such as create, update, delete, history, versioning, difference, DataDeltaIsolation, and subscription are not relevant for document definitions but are meaningful when applied to a document objects.
document server: A service that, upon request, provides or creates+provides a document object. That might sound incredibly generic, but this definition is meant to be interpreted in a rather literal sense: (a) the provides "or" creates+provides MUST be a decision that can (at least potentially, unhindered by protocol and semantics) be made "upon request", (b) it provides a "document object", as opposed to returning a document definition, which means the return value from this request is an identifier for a document object (generally a URI). With that clarification it might sound too narrow, but it is acceptable to view "returning a document definition with an implicit order to 'clone' with a new 'self' identity" to be a mechanism for creating+providing a document object, at least so long as said document object arguably has independent identity. Under this definition of document server, a traditional FileSystem or FTP server doesn't qualify as a document server (since FileSystems are traditionally not supposed to create documents upon request), but any modern WebServer certainly qualifies (with Dynamic HTML and forms being 'new documents' - TiddlyWiki is an extreme example of how such divergence can occur). This definition for 'document server' makes distinctions that are irrelevant until considering multi-user environments, the possibility of shared forms, and issues of divergence that are more significant than merely being out-of-date with the source.
shell: a framework and LayerOfIndirection that mediates between an application and an application platform to produce a UserInterface. Part of the application model of UserInterfaces. While "shell" in common vernacular refers to the CommandLineInterface, shells may also be graphical in nature (Windows Shell, Gnome, KDE). The indirection enables a great number of features, such as consistency and stylizations and multiplexing of some user input.
application: a program that produces a usually interactive UserInterface via interaction with a shell. Applications are often distinguished based on the frameworks against which they were written, such as 'command line application' vs. 'Win32 application' vs. 'MFC application'. However, application is mentioned here to distinguish the application model for UserInterface from the document model for UserInterface. An overview of the most relevant differences (and the reasons for their relevance) is at the bottom of the page.
application platform: the platform atop which application programs are built. Usually refers to an OperatingSystem, a VirtualMachine, or a WebBrowser.
browser: a browser is a UserInterface service that provides meaningful interaction and navigation within a system of objects. A 'document browser' would be a browser that is targeted to interact with document objects, but there are other sorts of browsers (ObjectBrowser, FileSystem browser). Assuming a document browser, the primary "meaningful interactions" would include display of documents, keeping said display up-to-date, zooming, navigation between documents, support a multi-tasking user by allowing multiple documents to be displayed simultaneously, multiplexing user inputs for activity between and within documents, and sending appropriate command-messages as a consequence of said activity based on object definitions.
In the 'pure' sense, a mere 'document browser' should not have any responsibility for maintaining or hosting document objects.
However, a typical WebBrowser also shoulders this responsibility due to Dynamic HTML and forms. Hosting document objects introduces a significant amount of complexity. As two examples, one now needs a document object model, there are 'concerns' for such issues as persistence and recovery that simply don't exist if all document objects are hosted externally, and so on. Introducing this extra responsibility essentially to a document browser essentially forces the browser to serve a dual role as an application platform.
document object model: A language for selectively identifying parts of a document definition. A necessary prerequisite for allowing a language to manipulate parts of a document definition. A document object model (or more than one) is used in DataDeltaIsolation and for allowing browsers to act as application platforms (host documents and accept commands to update said document). The 'trivial' document object model is simply to treat each document as the sequence of bits used to serialize the document definition, but this model is rather difficult to program against. 'DocumentObjectModel' with capital letters refers more specifically to the W3C standardized DocumentObjectModel for XHTML and XML.
Comparison between Application and Document models.
Application Model for UserInterface
Entities Relationships: Properties: Document Model for UserInterface (pure, rejecting browser-as-application-platform)
Elements: Relationships: Properties:
HtmlDomJsCss and WPF might be considered hybrid models of Application UI and Document UIs.
Related: DeclarativeGui, AutomaticVsManualPlacement, ObjectBrowser, CapabilityUserInterface, ZoomableUserInterface, KillerUserInterface
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Sober Lyrics - Tool
Review The Song (92)
There's a shadow just behind me,
shrouding every step I take,
making every promise empty,
pointing every finger at me.
Waiting like a stalking butler
who upon the finger rests.
Murder now the path is must we
just because the son has come.
Jesus, won't you fucking whistle
something but the past and done? (x2)
Why can't we not be sober?
I just want to start this over.
Why can't we drink forever?
I just want to start things over.
I am just a worthless liar.
I am just an imbecile.
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I will only complicate you.
Trust in me and fall as well.
I will find a center in you.
I will chew it up and leave,
I will work to elevate you
just enough to bring you down.
Mother Mary won't you whisper
something but the past and done. (x2)
Why can't we not be sober?
I Just want to start this over.
Why can't we sleep forever?
I Just want to start things over.
I am just a worthless liar.
I am just an imbecile.
I will only complicate you.
Trust in me and fall as well.
I will find a center in you.
I will chew it up and leave.
Trust me. Trust me. Trust me. Trust me. Trust Me.
Why can't we not be sober?
I Just want to start things over.
Why can't we sleep forever?
I Just want to start this over.
I want what I want.
I want what I want.
I want what I want.
I want what I want.
Click here to submit the Corrections of Sober Lyrics
Thanks to Meagan for submitting Sober Lyrics.
Could happen to you | Reviewer: Calos | 9/8/14
I do not think there is an univoque interpretation for a real work of art. What art really does is to point toward the immensity of reallity. But giving a concrete interpretation, closed in itself (as the one about alcoholism) misses the whole point. I suggest to read the first chapter of Chesterton's Orthodoxy, or to look to a whatever piece of art that is worth.
I find this song as an authentic work of art. It suggests with great images what we find, sometimes in life. On the one hand, I myself have been called somehow as a worthless liar, and my students warned not to listen to me, because "I would only complicate them" and if they would trust in me, they would fall as well. This is what happens in every place where a brainwash is going on.
On the otherhand, I have felt the temptation "There is a shadow just behind me, shrawding every step I take", and because of the difficulties of life "making every promisse empty".
What must I do? Trust him? It seems that there is this shadow, and some times in life, It seems very real. One must realize it, to get over it.
alcoholism | Reviewer: Moose | 9/4/13
This is a song about alcoholism, plain and simple. The song is from the point of view of the alcoholic. The first verse is like a confession that substance is a force over the person that prevents the person from being accountable or trustworthy, as if trying to convince a friend or loved one that his misdeeds and unfulfilled promises are not intended to hurt. Then, there is an acknowledgement that he is ultimately going on a path to die and he knows it.
The lyrics proceed as a conversation, but just stating the alcoholic's part of the conversation. This is reminiscent of my own dealings with alcoholics. They plead for sympathy when they screw everyone over and want you to believe they have no control. When you try to hold them accountable for a particular misdeed, they get angry that you keep talking about the past and won't accept their apology and promise to change - "Jesus, won't you fucking whistle something but the past and gone." I.e., "get off my back, man."
Now that the subject is pissed because his plea for mercy is not good enough to get whomever he is talking to off his back, the chorus sets out the true desire of the alcoholic: Why can we drink forever. This used to be fun. Why can't I just start over at the beginning when I used to be able to drink whatever I wanted without all these bad consequences.
The song then continues to alternate with another verse of confession where the subject is telling the friend or loved one that substance has reduced him to a worthless liar who will ruin your life as well as his own if you let him. He will chew you up if you continue to be involved with him.
But then, just as you pull away, the alcoholic gets scared and mood shifts - - "trust me, trust me, trust me." I.e., "don't leave me, I'll change." This is what alcoholics do. They will alternatively acknowledge the obvious, but then plead for you not to cut them off.
Ultimately, the subject is left mumbling like a child: "I want what I want, I want what I want." It is as if to say, "I know there is no justifying my selfish ways, so all I can say is "I want what I want."
A Falling Angel | Reviewer: Bible Thumper | 4/6/13
This is a demon possessed sprit brilliantly communicating to his falling angels. It is upset and tempting Jesus (THE SON) to whistle as well as with Mary. The spirit wants to set his throne above the MOST HIGH and start all over. The power is only temporary and the arrogance of having me is NO as "I won't TRUST YOU"....
About Guilt | Reviewer: Too-Wise-2-listen-literally | 7/5/12
Songs like this just grab your attention; it's just the style of that bold lyrical spell it puts you under. People are always looking for signs, adopting superstitions, engaging in prayer, or looking for some sort of pattern in the world around to predict future events. Then you hear a song like this and the music just dictates how it is and how it's going to be; and in that short-lived escaped you no longer burden yourself with uncertainty, with that need for control.
Alternatively you find the contrast between a man who lacks control, battling the control that his addiction has over him. But almost as a defense, a sign that a battle brews within, he presents himself as the one in control, the one who is overpowering.
The greatest battle of all is the shame and guilt that he wants nothing more than to overpower or just let go of; the highs of yesterday lose their innocence as a conscience mind reminds you that tomorrow isn't going to be any brighter.
Just another guilty pleasure that chews away at an innocent view of the future through false-hope; and the only thing an addict has to blame for that hope which then becomes false is his own conscience and his own guilt. You can lie to others and lie to yourself, but you can't lie to your conscience; almost like a second being that an addict wishes to escape from or reject as the problem. Because guilt is all you'll find when pleasure comes without a brighter future, with a sober tomorrow, and hope that calms an urge rather than extends itself to family and friends.
Sober is the right hope to find, but a sober addict struggles to accept that sober is the path that leads to all things good. But that path belittles your very being, disregards your emotional needs, and then asks of you to have the will-power to change your lifestyle and habits with enough belittle meant to make an obese person eat themselves to death out of self-pity.
This song is that human urge to empower that struggle, to be demanding and in control; gain will-power and hope by giving power to that struggle as the center of the universe. Egocentric in saying "I want what I want", "why can't we all be sober", like the world deals with the same struggle and feels as he feels. Then speaks of Jesus in his lyrics like spirituality, history, the lord and savior revolve around his present struggle.
Just that exaggerated self-view that is so strong in this song that you can just feel it take control and make all else meaningless; so strong that it overpowers the world around as if the song reveals more truth in our fate than clues or patterns from our surroundings.
Consciously powerful and strong by root of something unconscious; something so unacceptable that you can't even become consciously aware of it. If you knew then you still wouldn't know. That defense mechanism that can't be aware of the root of the problem but can only fight a fear; a fear hidden behind awareness and consciously validated through obsessive justification to aviod truth that can't be accepted as true.
I agree with anonymous | Reviewer: rightin2 | 4/20/12
My interpretation is also about the dangers of blind faith..or being "sober" as in sedated...sedated by religious dogma...and wanting to return back home to our source--start things over and return to unity, no more separation--to relieve ourselves from this manipulated and harsh "reality".
Addiction | Reviewer: Anonymous | 2/13/12
This song was written about a friend who could only express himself creatively when under the influence of substance. A very powerful song none the less, it could be applied to any form of addiction, or any form of self abuse in a negative cycle. The greatest part of this song is near the end, with the line "I will find a center in you; I will chew it up and leave" followed later with "I want, what I want". These are the most powerful lyrics in my opinion, because of you have ever know an addict, most time they will realize their effects on other people, but their selfishness and addiction prevents them from doing anything about it. Reminds me of a long lost friend who took the path of substance abuse.
Maybe? | Reviewer: Anonymous | 12/21/11
Wow, lots of interesting comments on this. I think it is about a tortured soul abandoned to his own sins/addictions in hell. How he wishes he could not be sober or dream forever or wishes he could just start things over. Also he begs the saints to undo his fate. In the end he still wants what he wants and so he remains
Self-Reflection; Acceptence | Reviewer: 21k5 | 12/12/11
My belief through my own experiences, which is what Maynard seems to want us to do. It is a self-reflection of his own addictions to life. He is at conflict with himself, his inner person is not in harmony with his outter self. The mask he uses to shield himself from the world, comes in direct conflict with his own beliefs. His failure was his inability to blame himself for his problems. Losing everything is the first step towards freeing yourself, but somewhere along the line someone not as visibly corrupt as he, fell in love with him. He does not understand why someone who he view as so perfect would ever love him. This person being jesus, (himself), God (his father) or Mary (mother). He has trouble accepting himself for who he is, so he doesn't the light at the end of the tunnel, he is hiding something, and therefore drinking/using to forget. Thru this intoxicated state of mind he finds himself yet when he sobers up he forgets. The negative side affect of mind altering substances. The song reflects this conflict. Or it is quite possible he had a really bad hangover one day... and his girlfriend broke up with him. Either it is a very inspiring deep song, and amazing live. I highly encourage anyone dealing with problems of addiction to goto a tool show, it will change your life.
my opinion | Reviewer: Anonymous | 11/30/11
In my opinion I think he like drinking and doing whatever mind altering drugs he prefers because they made life more easier or bearable for him at the time he wrote the song. I don't think he really wants to quit because he probably doesn't like being sober and prefers the feeling of alchohol or whatever else he does. But at the same time he realizes its not right to feel that way but because of the way the world has become and with all the messed up people and things in this world make hard to live sober. It sound kind of like he wants jesus to come and return the world to the way it was before it got as bad as it is. He sings about this sort of thing in aenima. I think when he says that he's a worthless liar and an imbecile he might be reffering to himself when he under the influence, but I don't don't really know. He's the only one who knows for sure
Make the World Sober | Reviewer: Anonymous | 11/12/11
maybe this has been said already and all songs are subject to the listeners interpretation but for me i take a different look at this song
I've been listening to tool and this song since the early 90's and i love the band and their music and lyrics every song they put out has so much hidden meaning and so much thought provoking conversations, not to mention the music is what i like to call "mood music" it can lift you up, it can bring you crashing down, it moves you and those that really listen and love tool and understand their music, it changes them.
So for me this song always was about Jesus, and his second coming. If you think about it, saying start over again, and Jesus blow your whistle, i think that its talking about the world has gotten so far gone, so messed up, and so crazy that if Jesus were to be resurrected like it says one day he will come back, and the sinners go to hell etc (again if you believe in all that, to each their own) that it will start everything over again.
being sober in this sense is to be normal or without sin, going back to the world the way it used to be, without lies and murder and deceit. I also think it says that its talking about Jesus, in a 3rd person sense, that he is a worthless liar, and if you trust in him you fall as well, or it could be the devil (but i think its Jesus) and so its contradicting what Christians believe in, and saying that trust in Jesus, trust in him to make it all start over again, to cleanse the world and be sober again. To get rid of humanity's addiction to sin and it says he will find a center in you work to elevate you only to bring you down, i think this means that if you are one of those who believe in Jesus and worship him and who believe he will keep you safe and bring you up in your life, its saying that he will do that only to bring you back down or let you down in the end, that our faith is simply a game to him, and that if Jesus ever came back, we could sleep forever, meaning he would wash away all the sinners, and be the world would be sober again.
Again to each their own on these lyrics but from the start i always thought this was about the world being sober, and not a drug thing, but that is my opinion.
Settle down | Reviewer: Anonymous | 10/27/11
Just because tool is a big famous band doesnt mean their songs are complicated, deep & meaningful. Songs can be about simple things. Maybe Maynard had a mate who was getting drunk all the time & was getting annoying
Alcoholism | Reviewer: Anonymous | 10/24/11
the Song could be about whatever the author wants it to be. As a recovering person, this song seems written by a person who has personal knowledge of Alcoholism. It is a perfect description of an Alcoholic thought process. In the context of someone still drinking and perhaps trying to get recovery. It also has a fantastic base line and drum rhythm.
Personal take | Reviewer: Anonymous | 10/23/11
I actually dont believe that songs have a specific meaning. I believe that lyrics can be interpreted in many different ways, thus there is no single correct answer to the question "what is this song about?". I personally see the song as (anti-)religious, because I am anti-religious, but if someone else were to see it as a song about drug abuse, who am I to question their opinion?
Look closely | Reviewer: forsakenbacon | 10/20/11
but maynard says "Why can't we not be sober". can't and not a double negative. put in another way "Why are we sober". Technically he is not asking why can we be sober because of that good old not. Not basically reverses the meaning. Maybe it has some super crazy meaning or maybe he just means you only have one life why not live it up every now and again. I'm sure a man with a possible alcohol problem as what seemed depicted in the video, maybe maynard im not sure who the songs about, would not own his own wine vinyard. thats kinda like pouring gas on a fire and then falling in the fire and dieing... cause i mean its a wine vinyard... he could drink himself to death. Anyways im pretty sure Maynard has it under control, and if not i guess he's just living it up. I think his line "Why can't we dream forever?" could also reference the use of some type of drug.
Maybe, maybe not. | Reviewer: Anonymous | 10/10/11
This song seems to me to be about nothing other than substance abuse and/or addiction. Maybe others don't see it that way because they have never personally been there but, and trust me on this, I have and this song describes it perfectly.
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------ 10/23/2014
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So I do write fanfiction sometimes, but since I’ve been trying to focus on my own works [unsuccessfully] I have quite a few little plot bunnies that are taking over my computer’s sticky notes. I’m putting them here so in the unlikely hopes that someone will read them, take them, and run with them. [Also so my sticky notes won’t completely eradicate the front of my computer] If you do take one, could you let me know so I can read it?
1. Ichigo is a Vasto Lorde, who doesn’t like the foreign arrancar created by Aizen, even Grimmjow who he hunted with he views as traitorous so he fights to remove the arrancar as seen in Jupie18’s bleach savages parody
2. The Vizard are literally the Forgotten and/or Faceless
Anyone who knew them in life [Ichigo] or as a Shinigami forgets everything about them after they become Vizard. Literally the Gotei 13 think the Vizard are Hollows like Aaronario, hollows who have taken the appearance and powers of the Shinigami they killed-themselves. Can Ichigo help the Vizard as he himself tries to prove that he is not the Hollow that devoured himself? Inspired by an AMV
3. Ichigo is a Dark Lord of another universe (any Dark Lord: Sauron, Voldemort, Dirk Lloyd, etc.)
4. The Shiba clan was huge, but was destroyed thanks to Aizen, but Kaien survived and swore vengeance on the Gotei 13.
1. Harry Potter + NCIS: Ducky used to go by another name-Harry Potter.
Detective Conan and Magic Kaito
1. Conan is actually the time traveling son of Shinichi and Ran trying to ensure they get together, Shinichi was poisoned by the poison and it’s actually a disease that’s killing him and/or the Black Organization succesfully killed Shinichi or Rin and Conan’s gone back to the beginning of the mess to ensure it doesn’t happen? [I totally blame Back to the Future day for this idea.]
2. Shinichi actually died that night and Conan is a medium that allows him to interact with the world. OR Conan is a golem created for Shinichi to manipulate by Akako who did it because she saw that he was going to be needed for some reason.
3. What if Shinichi, Kaito, Conan, and the Phantom Thief were all just personalities of one of them with DID?
4. What if Toichi survived and was still looking for Pandora as Kaitou Kid while still hiding it from Kaito; meanwhile someone challenges Kaito to prove that he’s a better magician than Kaitou Kid. His magician’s pride at stake, Kaito vows to ‘destroy’ Kid, and Toichi vs. Kaito begins. Meanwhile Yuusaku just laughs at Toichi’s conundrum.
5. What if a vampire (maybe Vermouth) who was a fan of Shinichi and also wanted a child decided to turn Shinichi making him Vampire!Conan?
1. What if young Kakashi used Kage Bunshin to deal with his psychological issue by killing them?
2. What if the Uchiha’s Sharingan makes them more prone to PTSD; and they are aware of this and actually try to make sure the people with it are taken care of properly?\\\\
What if Sakyo was a time-traveling human Yuusuke from an alternate universe where he ended up similar to Sensui thanks to Koenma never getting the chance to overthrow Enma?
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Robots Now Parking Cars In Chicago
Robots are never as cool as they sound, are they? The term always conjures up images of human-like, metal-and-wire beings that can do everything except feel. Yet, the reality is that half the time you're talking about a big, crane-like arm or some other automated accessory that just isn't really as awesome as the Jetsons made us believe robots would be.
And in this case, the robots are a drastic disappointment. When I read the original headline about robots parking cars, of course I thought walking, talking robot valets that tip their hat and park your car with care. But what I got was a large automated system that looks like a closet organizer for cars.
While Chicago's Green Park Eco Garage doesn't have walking, driving robots to park your car, it is one of the most advanced, innovative places that you'll ever park your sedan. Instead of a human attendant or self-parking, the garage relies on an advanced system of cameras, computers, sensors and laser scanners to size up your car, park it into a shelving unit and then return it when you come back.
Now you might wonder why so much tech is necessary for something as simple as a parking garage. It's not like parking your own car is that much of a hassle. But by automating the process, Eco Garage is able to stack cars in a way that you simply wouldn't be able to park them yourself. And VLF Development LLC, the entity behind the build, estimates that the 100 cars that the garage can hold is about double what it would hold in a traditional configuration. And space is generally a huge issue when it comes to parking facilities in large cities.
In addition to helping to cut clutter from the city streets, the LEED Gold-registered Eco Garage boasts a variety of green benefits including construction with recycled materials, renewable energy sourcing and a natural, rain-collecting roof. Since people don't work or park in the garage itself, the company won't need to heat or light the interior.
Last year, public officials and developers broke ground on the Eco Garage and construction will run through the fall, with the public opening set to happen before year-end. You can get more information about this interesting facility and see a video of how it works at its website
Via: InsideLine
Feb 12, 2011
by Anonymous
Expand worldwide
Test site for project:
Disneyland CA park
EPCOT Center, Orlando FL
USC campus, So CA.
NYC Times Sq.
Hilo HI
Honoulu HI
Hong Kong.
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Sexual behavior and high-risk human papillomavirus in 15- to 22-year-old Lithuanian women.
We determined the risk of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in 169 15- to 22-year-old sexually active Lithuanian women attending two outpatient clinics in Vilnius. The Digene(®) Hybrid Capture II DNA test was used to test for HR-HPV infection on material collected by cervical swabs. The findings were compared with the pattern of sexual behavior as given in questionnaire replies. The overall risk of HR-HPV was 23.1%, but 60.0% in adolescents ≤15 years old. Mean age at first intercourse was 17.1 years; 73.5% of women had only had one sexual partner and 24.5% more than one. The risk of HR-HPV was higher in women with more than one sexual partner, and related to being a smoker and to early age at the first intercourse. Our results confirm that smoking, early coitarche, multiple sexual partners and unprotected vaginal intercourse are related to the risk of HR-HPV infection in young women. | mini_pile | {'original_id': 'df88c1c16dbaad4615fa14e288dc05d80c6e71ea76a303ace3e4ab22cb602f0e'} |
I fondly remember being a child of the 80’s and the wonders that it brought. From bikes to trains to video games, we surely had it all. Or so we thought. Imagine what our formative years would have been like were we exposed to what children and teens have at their disposal these days. Electronic devices and video games are overwhelmingly more advanced than their now-ancient predecessors and social media is a concept that has only entered our lexicon within the last 15 years or so. Despite the monumental differences in platforms and tools, the overlapping things are entertainment and socialization. When taken down to their basic levels, children today are dealing with the same issues that their parents did many years prior.
As parents, you always try to stay current with what your children are into; but inevitably they may pass you up with their mastery of said interest. One can easily do a Google search for the dangers of video games or social media and I will be the first to echo some of those potential dangers. However, the more important search should be to explore your children’s interests and tools they are using. When clear expectations, communication, understanding and moderation are used with regards to video games & social media, it can help both sides experience less frustration and aggravation.
I freely admit here that I struggle to keep up with the advancements in video games, particularly the changing social aspect of playing games. To be that person, back in my day we had to be in the same room as your friend if you wanted to play together. The idea that I would be able to play with a friend down the block or in another state would have blown my 12 year old’s mind. That was inconceivable of a notion to me, yet here we are in a time where I can play a game with a friend on the other side of the world.
Acknowledging and owning my ignorance has helped me to accept that this is the world that our children live in. They don’t know what it is like to hope that your friend is in the same building as their land line so that you can arrange whose house you were going to play your new Nintendo game. It is different for parents, but not for the generation that has these tools at their disposal. Instead of fighting it, we need to embrace it as they have so clearly done. But with that should come a period of vetting the process. It is amazing how much a kid will talk about their favorite video game if given the chance. And yes, probably 95% of it goes right over your head; but that moment is not lost with your child in you taking an interest in their interests. Sit down and play a game of Fortnite or Call of Duty and embrace that you are a ‘noob’ (someone new to gaming as defined by Urban Dictionary). You won’t have a clue what you’re doing, but have fun learning and getting a glimpse into the lives of your kids. Having more understanding of what they do and how they do it helps decrease the amount of possible assumptions that are drawn. Talk with your children about the social components of video gaming just as you would teach them about any other form of social interaction they have in their lives. The skills are the same, only the vehicle for communication is different.
Okay, so by now you’re saying, “he hasn’t said anything about the violence in video games.” That is correct. Video games have definitely changed from long blocks hitting a single block, to a plumber jumping on turtles to images that look so real you almost cannot tell the difference. The overall premise of video games have not changed much over their existence. They have always been comprised of a character in some form trying not to die with the goal to destroy as many other characters as possible. While games have become considerably more immersive and realistic, they remain a story that one plays out. When children have become age-appropriate for video games, they have developed a good moral compass and the ability to separate fantasy from reality. This only increases with age and when they enter their teen years, their moral compass has expanded to a wider world-view. However, as parents, that vetting task is crucial here to ensure that your children have an understanding of the differences between their games and the real world.
Warning parents! This part is a plug from your children. There are also benefits to playing video games, believe it or not. Survey 10 children/teens what they like about playing video games and all 10 would most likely say, “they’re fun!” Of course they’re fun, why wouldn’t they be a good time? Playing video games is a pleasurable activity for most and as a result, it releases dopamine in our brain. It is no different than when our brain releases dopamine from other pleasurable activities such as running, riding a bike, dancing or laughing. Research shows that the amount of dopamine released from playing video games is not significantly higher than any other pleasurable activity, generally about double our resting rate levels (drug use releases about 10 times the amount of dopamine). Playing video games can help improve such things as visual acuity, attention, spatial memory and executive functioning (which can positively impact improvement in critical thinking skills and the ability to make reasoned decisions). Video games also have become an important coping tool for many children and teenagers specifically. Most will report that it is a great outlet for them to manage their always-fluctuating moods. Although I’m sure it can be difficult for a parent to see their kid yelling at a video game and think that it’s helping their mood, but you might be surprised at the answer you get from them (but ask after they’re done playing though, not in that moment).
With all of this said, I return to the earlier notion on having clear expectations, communication, understanding and moderation with your children. At the onset of kids playing video games, it is crucial for the parents to establish what the norms, rules and expectations are for allotted video game time. If the precedent is set early that there is no consistency in the aforementioned tasks, it becomes difficult to undo it down the road. On the flipside, when things do change (and we know that things will change, as they usually do) we need to work with our children on re-defining the norms, rules and expectations. Helping them be flexible in making changes to their routines will help immensely with any adjustment period. Video game time can be a positive, but should be like everything else in life, consumed in moderation.
That brings us to social media. This is the modern-day passing a note to someone else, sharing today’s fad or trend, engaging in the rumor mill, belonging to cliques and everything else that has to do with one’s social life. The platforms and vehicles are new, but the behaviors are the same as their parents before them. If Snapchat or Instagram existed during your teenage years, you would probably use it, let’s be real. Your kid is on Snapchat, while you’re on Facebook both doing the same things in slightly different ways. Teens are equipped with so many tools to share their lives and stay up-to-date with whatever is happening in their friends’ lives, engaging in the same basic behaviors that their parents did and their parents before them did. The behaviors are the same, just the tools have changed.
Unfortunately, as the tools have advanced and become prolific, it brings with it more potential exposure to negativity. Just as with video games, working with your children on balance & moderation, while exploring the differences in the online world vs. the real world is what needs to take place. Be involved in how & why your children prefer the social media platforms they use, but not over-involved to the point where you have to sneak peeks into their Snapchat account. Have open dialogue with your children about social media like video games so that they know they can talk to you about the good and the bad about it; because they will experience both, as social media is merely a reflection on life, good and bad. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '0', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9754453301429749}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '63067', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:QV6AVL4UBQXIGYTNZ3WQZYBZYVYGHGMZ', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:d34d25be-8566-4d8b-b1c4-7e01bd2da1f0>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 1, 17, 18, 48, 55), 'WARC-IP-Address': '209.97.147.207', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'text/html', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:I4UIXNWEFXTMHMZ3TEPY2VSFTKMNZ7ZW', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:d704df89-139b-431b-8b22-28bc422abe2c>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://edgewoodclinicalservices.com/blog/ask-an-edge-expert-november-2018/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:d00dc160-e2b1-46e8-bdc0-b1ff19b913c7>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1406', 'url': 'https://edgewoodclinicalservices.com/blog/ask-an-edge-expert-november-2018/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-04\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for January 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-206.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.17 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: http://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.24552828073501587', 'original_id': 'b44c267ee0b83f61fbf5e5e81437c112ac5c04322090ca1d66cc6b31d19daa31'} |
Practice Areas: Real Estate
Real Estate
In the era of high volume and specialization, many firms employ cadres of paralegals and clerks to handle real estate matters. In fact, in many firms, the first and only time the client interacts with an attorney is at the closing. At Soffer, Rech & Borg, LLP you deal with an attorney at all times, from the initial interview through and including the closing.
Our goal is to provide our clients with personalized service in all aspects of their purchase or sale, from our initial review of the contract to the day of closing. We work with you, your real estate agent and your mortgage lender to make certain your transaction is closed efficiently and on schedule.
It is our intention to keep the client fully informed throughout the process of the real estate transaction. The information set forth below is specifically designed both to answer questions in advance of your initial meeting with our office and to assist you in forming questions for us to address at that meeting.
Buying a home is not only the most significant and largest purchase you will likely make, it also involves the LAW OF REAL PROPERTY which is unique and can create unique problems. A lawyer is trained to deal with these problems and often has the most experience to deal with them. This applies to people selling a home or buying a home.
The typical home purchase transaction begins when the seller enters into a brokerage contract with a real estate agent, this is usually in writing. When the broker finds a potential buyer, negotiations take place with the broker acting as an intermediary. This is how the broker earns their fee. Once an informal agreement is reached, buyer and seller enter into a formal written CONTRACT.
The CONTRACT usually provides a reasonable period of time for the buyer to obtain a mortgage commitment. The title is researched both to insure that the seller truly owns clear title to what he or she is attempting to sell to the buyer as well as to satisfy the mortgage lender. Finally the CLOSING takes place. At the CLOSING the property is transferred from the seller to the buyer and the seller receives the purchase price bargained for in the contract.
Real Estate FAQ's
A seller without the advice of a lawyer, may sign a brokerage agreement that he or she does not truly understand. The seller may become liable to pay a brokerage commission even if a sale does not occur or be liable to pay more than one brokerage commission. Some issues requiring expert legal advice are: (i) does the agreement offer the seller the right to negotiate on his or her own behalf; (ii) what is the effect of multiple listings; (iii) what are the broker's rights if the seller withdraws the property from the market, or can't deliver good marketable title; (iv) how long should an exclusive listing last?
The seller should have the advice and guidance of an attorney with respect to a brokerage agreement. Even if the agreement is a so called "standard form", its terms should be explained to the seller and revised, if necessary. An attorney is also necessary to determine if the agreement was properly signed.
Even though a lawyer may not be needed during the course of negotiations, the buyer and seller each may have to consult with a lawyer to answer important questions, such as the tax consequences of the purchase or sale. Aside from the tax consequences, the buyer and seller may have questions about the date set for closing, issues of occupancy; fixtures and personal property; and loss due to fire or other casualty. These are some of the many questions that may need to be considered during the negotiation stage in order to avoid disputes when a written contract is prepared. An attorney is also helpful in explaining the nature and amount of closing costs.
The formal written contract for the sale and purchase of a home is the single most important piece of paper in the transaction. Although printed forms are useful, a lawyer is once again necessary to explain the form and make changes and additions for a particular transaction to reflect the understanding of the buyer and the seller. There are many issues which must be addressed in the written contract. A good example of such an issue is what to do when the seller cannot move out of the property until after the purchaser's mortgage commitment expires. The lawyers experience in resolving issues such as these could determine whether or not a particular transaction closes.
There are many other legal questions that must be addressed in the contract, including the following. If the property has been altered or there has been an addition to the property, was it done lawfully? What happens if a buyer has an engineer inspect the property who finds termites, asbestos, radon or lead based paint? What are the legal consequences if the closing is delayed or does not take place and what happens to the contract deposit? Will the contract deposit be held in escrow by a lawyer in accordance with appropriately worded escrow instructions? Is the closing appropriately conditioned upon the buyer obtaining financing? How are checks to be drawn at the closing? These are but a few of the many questions that arise with respect to a contract.
Most buyers finance a substantial portion of the purchase price with a mortgage loan from a bank or other lending institution. The contract should contain a carefully worded provision that it is subject to the buyer's obtaining financing. Printed contract forms are generally inadequate to incorporate the real understanding of the buyer and seller without changes being made. Lawyers are necessary to review and explain the importance of these various provisions.
The closing is the event which is the grand finale of the purchase and sale transaction. The deed and other closing papers must be prepared. Title passes from seller to buyer who pays the balance of the purchase price. Frequently, this balance is paid in part from the proceeds of a mortgage loan. The attorney is helpful in explaining the nature and amount of closing costs. Final documents including the deed and mortgage instruments are signed. The attorney is necessary to assure that these documents are appropriately executed and thoroughly explained to the various parties. Subsequent to the closing, a closing statement memorializing all aspects of the transaction is prepared indicating the debits and credits to buyer and seller. Since a real estate transaction may have certain tax consequences, the closing statement is essential for tax computation purposes for both buyer and seller.
Condominiums, cooperatives and homeowners associations involve forms of ownership that are treated as securities under New York State law and require special documents that are complicated and should be reviewed by an attorney. Condominium declarations, proprietary leases, and "by laws" are but a few of the complex documents confronting buyers of these forms of property ownership. The tax deductions and consequences with respect to the purchase of a condominium or cooperative also need to be explained by a professional that is familiar with these common ownership forms.
Licensed Real Estate Brokers in New York State must do more than merely introduce the buyer to the seller to earn their commission. Michael A. Borg has successfully litigated that point before the Supreme Court of the State of New York, Appellate Division, Second Department. In Ormond Park Realty, Inc., v. Round Hill Development Corp., et. al., 699 N.Y.S.2d 116, the leading case in New York State on this subject, it was held that broker is entitled to recover a commission only if he establishes: (1) that he or she is duly licensed, (2) that he or she had a contract, express or implied, with the party to be charged with paying the commission, and (3) that he or she was the procuring cause of the sale.
Any issue which you may have with your broker should be brought to the attention of your attorney at once. A lawyer's advice and guidance is essential from the time you decide to sell or to buy a home until the actual closing. It is obvious that throughout the process the interests of the buyer and seller will conflict. The broker generally serves the seller and the lender is obtained by the buyer. The respective lawyers for buyer and seller will have no such conflicting loyalties and will serve only their clients' best interests. That is why you need a lawyer. | dclm_baseline | {'bff_contained_ngram_count_before_dedupe': '528', 'language_id_whole_page_fasttext': "{'en': 0.9674385190010072}", 'metadata': "{'Content-Length': '14912', 'Content-Type': 'application/http; msgtype=response', 'WARC-Block-Digest': 'sha1:G2VRTCCDMSXTKAHNEQITW5AMBQCJVUW3', 'WARC-Concurrent-To': '<urn:uuid:591ed2a2-d1a2-40a5-a96b-d4228871162b>', 'WARC-Date': datetime.datetime(2021, 6, 23, 2, 42, 52), 'WARC-IP-Address': '67.55.112.100', 'WARC-Identified-Payload-Type': 'application/xhtml+xml', 'WARC-Payload-Digest': 'sha1:AWPPU7DE7ZUPL5RDZH7ELOA6ZIKYJWZZ', 'WARC-Record-ID': '<urn:uuid:e2864f75-b531-4cbc-b650-46f4cdcfb896>', 'WARC-Target-URI': 'https://www.srbllp.com/areas/', 'WARC-Type': 'response', 'WARC-Warcinfo-ID': '<urn:uuid:db571615-b719-4343-a189-adacbcbe9de6>', 'WARC-Truncated': None}", 'previous_word_count': '1569', 'url': 'https://www.srbllp.com/areas/', 'warcinfo': 'isPartOf: CC-MAIN-2021-25\r\npublisher: Common Crawl\r\ndescription: Wide crawl of the web for June 2021\r\noperator: Common Crawl Admin (info@commoncrawl.org)\r\nhostname: ip-10-67-67-168.ec2.internal\r\nsoftware: Apache Nutch 1.18 (modified, https://github.com/commoncrawl/nutch/)\r\nrobots: checked via crawler-commons 1.2-SNAPSHOT (https://github.com/crawler-commons/crawler-commons)\r\nformat: WARC File Format 1.1\r\nconformsTo: https://iipc.github.io/warc-specifications/specifications/warc-format/warc-1.1/', 'fasttext_openhermes_reddit_eli5_vs_rw_v2_bigram_200k_train_prob': '0.01949375867843628', 'original_id': 'a00794e4192a1c364bf1938630945992a903011c9019c8dc3c49483081e286ce'} |
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