identifier stringlengths 7 768 | collection stringclasses 3 values | open_type stringclasses 1 value | license stringclasses 2 values | date float64 2.01k 2.02k ⌀ | title stringlengths 1 250 ⌀ | creator stringlengths 0 19.5k ⌀ | language stringclasses 357 values | language_type stringclasses 3 values | word_count int64 0 69k | token_count int64 2 438k | text stringlengths 1 388k | __index_level_0__ int64 0 57.4k |
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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1651304 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Jens, Mhenni Benghorbal, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/218099, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/275947, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/35472, user87877 | English | Spoken | 87 | 188 | Finding convolution of two functions?
1. Continuous Functions $x_1(t)$ and $x_2(t)$ definitions' link
How to evaluate $(x_1∗x_2)(t)$ at $t = −T, 0, +T$ in terms of $T$
2. Discrete Functions $x_1[n]$ and $x_2[n]$ definitions' link
Evaluate $(x_1∗x_2)[n]$ at $n = -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8$
Where are your attempts?
I'm new to convolution operations. Any help regarding how to approach to solve this problem will be appreciated! Thanks!
I believe you know the definition of convolution of two functions?
Looks like homework.
| 23,743 |
https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereticus%20pectinicornis | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tereticus pectinicornis | https://min.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tereticus pectinicornis&action=history | Minangkabau | Spoken | 63 | 168 | Tereticus pectinicornis adolah kumbang tanduak panjang dari famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo Coleoptera, kalas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Larva kumbang iko, nan biaso disabuik panggerek kapalo bunda, manggerek ka dalam kayu, dima inyo dapek manyebabkan karusakan nan laweh untuak batang kayu hiduik ataupun kayu nan lah ditabang.
Rujuakan
TITAN: Cerambycidae database. Tavakilian G., 25 Mai 2009.
Cerambycidae | 6,748 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66039532 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,021 | Stack Exchange | Jim Tierney, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2507277 | English | Spoken | 207 | 361 | how to find out the text in UITextview does not required to scroll in iOS
I am showing the terms and conditions in the UITextView. when users reached the last line of the text in the UITextView and then only enabling the button (which navigates to the next screen) available at the bottom of the screen.
I have implemented the required logic using text view delegate.
- (void)scrollViewDidScroll:(UIScrollView *)scrollView {
float scrollViewHeight = scrollView.frame.size.height;
float scrollContentSizeHeight = scrollView.contentSize.height;
float scrollOffset = scrollView.contentOffset.y;
if (scrollOffset + scrollViewHeight == scrollContentSizeHeight)
{ // login to enable the button
}
}
This logic is working fine but in ipad Pro devices this is causing trouble. The ipad pro screen is large and all the text is visible without scroll.
How to find out text is visible in UITextView with out scroll. Also how to handle the problem in ipad Pro.
did you get it working?
Add the following if statement within viewDidLoad for example.
(making the assumption your UITextView is called textView here)
if (self.textView.contentSize.height <= self.textView.frame.size.height) {
// Enable the continue button.
}
As this will only be fall here if the content is likely to be fully visible. As not needed, scrollViewDidScroll: isn't called of course.
Hope this helps
| 27,288 |
https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%20%28%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%B3%D3%A3%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Барзах (Мазҳакаи илоҳӣ) | https://tg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Барзах (Мазҳакаи илоҳӣ)&action=history | Tajik | Spoken | 308 | 1,111 | «Барзах» — номи китоби дуюми асари сегона (Дӯзах, Барзах, Биҳишт)-и Алигери Данте «Мазҳакаи илоҳӣ» мебошад, ки дар он муаллиф марҳилаи дуюм аз мароҳили сафари сегонаи солик ба дунёи ҷовидро тасвир кардааст.
Худи Алигери Данте дар муқаддимаи барзах номи дигари онро «Биҳишт» номидааст, ки як ибдои шарқии дорои мазмунҳои маънавӣ мебошад. Дар муқаддимаи китоби мазкур омада, ки «Барзах ҳадди фосили байни дӯзаху биҳишт аст ва агар онро аз лиҳози маънавӣ шарҳу таъбир кунем, барзахро бояд ҳадди фосили „гуноҳ“ ва „растгорӣ“ арзёбӣ кард».
Дар ин марҳилаи сайри солик рӯҳ дар олами восит ва миёнҷие байни ҷаҳони анвори ноби миновӣ ва сипеҳри ҳиссӣ (фалакулафлок) қарор хоҳад гирифт. барзахи Данте асли қадимаи яҳудӣ ва масеҳӣ надорад ва ҳар дуи ин ойин барзахро таъсири боварҳои шарқӣ ба мамолики Ғарб медонад. Бо ибораи дигар, динҳои яҳудиву масеҳӣ дар оғози пайдоишашон дар низоми ҳастишиносии хеш мафҳуми барзах, ё худ олами миёнҷӣ, ё худ воситро надоштанд, вале дар садаҳои 5-6 назариётчиёну ҳомиёни масеҳӣ ҷойи ин фазои холиро пур карданӣ шуда, вуҷуди олами барзахро зарурӣ шумурдаанд ва Папа Григорийи Кабир дар садаи 6 бар асоси пешниҳоди ҳомиёни мазкур расман дар бораи вуҷуди олами барзах дар дини масеҳӣ фатво дод.
Аз ин нукот чунин бармеояд, ки олами барзах аз силсилаи маротиби вуҷуди ойини зардуштӣ ба дини масеҳӣ дохил шуд ва пас аз истилои аъроб дини ислом низ бо баъзе тағйирот барзахро аз зардуштия ба орият гирифт. барзах дар ойини зардуштӣ «фраваҳар» ё худ «фравашӣ» ном дорад. Дар Авесто (Яснои 47/4) омада: «касе, ки гоҳе некандешу гоҳе зиштандеш аст, касе, ки виҷдонаш гоҳе ба воситаи кирдору гуфтораш мутеи ҳавою ҳавас ва гоҳо хоҳиши хеш созад, чунин кас ба ҳукми азалии аҳуроӣ дар рӯҳи вопасин мақоми ҷудогонае хоҳад дошт». Ин мақом ишора ба ҳамон олами миёнҷӣ дар силсилаи маротиби вуҷуди зардуштӣ аст. Дар навиштаҳои паҳлавии Занду Позанд шарҳу тавзеҳи кофӣ роҷеъ ба ин масъала оварда шудааст.
Эзоҳ
Сарчашма
Мазҳакаи илоҳӣ | 7,109 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves%20Cordier | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Yves Cordier | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yves Cordier&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 127 | 249 |
Carriera
Ha vinto nel 1989 i campionati europei di triathlon di Cascais. Dietro di lui hanno completato il podio Rob Barel e Jürgen Zäck.
Nello stesso anno si è classificato 8º assoluto all'Ironman Hawaii.
Nel 1994 è arrivato 3º assoluto ai Campionati del mondo di long distance di Nizza, alle spalle dell'olandese Rob Barel e del tedesco Lothar Leder.
Nel 1998 e nel 1999 ha vinto la gara su distanza ironman di Embrun, meglio nota con il nome di Embrunman. Nel 2000 e nel 2001 è arrivato 2º assoluto, mentre nel 2002 3º assoluto nella stessa gara.
Titoli
Campione europeo di triathlon (Élite) - 1989
Embrunman - 1998, 1999
Voci correlate
Triathlon ai Giochi olimpici
Campionati mondiali di triathlon
Campionati europei di triathlon
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni | 50,362 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3610971 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,010 | Stack Exchange | Adam, Eloy Giles, Gwen C., James Hanks, Pema Lhamo Lhamo, Roman, Sathish Kumar Sundaram, Suresh Kumar, Vinay B R, https://stackoverflow.com/users/361608, https://stackoverflow.com/users/429604, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7543944, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7543945, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7543946, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7544141, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7544190, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7545646, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7555751, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7555832, 임성훈 | English | Spoken | 757 | 1,591 | order datatable by relevance using linq by column values which are comma sperated
I have a Datatable that contains a column called Tags, Tags can have values such as
row[0] = Tag1
row[1] = Tag1, Tag2
row[2] = Tag2, Tag3
row[3] = Tag1, Tag2, Tag3
row[4] = Tag4, Tag6
and are seperated by comma's
etc..
I have the value of Tags for the current document and have run a query to select all other documents that have either of the Tags in there row. for example lets say the current document Tags are (Tag1, Tag2, Tag3)
so from the example rows above all the rows above are returned apart from row[4]
Here is the bit i'm lost with, i now want to sort the datatable by how many tags are matched with the current document. so for the example i've talked about so far they should be ordered
row[3] = Tag1, Tag2, Tag3
row[1] = Tag1, Tag2
row[2] = Tag2, Tag3
row[0] = Tag1
Not used linq before but was told it could do this.
so far i have
var query = from c in dt.AsEnumerable()
orderby c.Field<string>("Tags").CompareTo(dr["Tags"]) ascending
select c;
I think something like this will fit the bill. Try it out:
// Here, I construct a simple table for demonstration
var table = new DataTable();
var column = table.Columns.Add("Tags", typeof(string));
table.Rows.Add("Tag1");
table.Rows.Add("Tag1, Tag2");
table.Rows.Add("Tag2, Tag3");
table.Rows.Add("Tag1, Tag2, Tag3");
table.Rows.Add("Tag4, Tag6");
// The separator is convenient for using the string.Split override
// that strips empty results
var separator = new[] { ",", " " };
// For the demo, we'll sort by number of tags matching the third row
var current = table.Rows[2];
// This splits the string into an array for convenient processing later
var currenttags = current.Field<string>("Tags")
.Split(separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
// The query splits out each tags field into an array convenient for processing,
// counts the number of tags contained in the currenttags array,
// sorts, and then selects the entire row.
var query = from row in table.AsEnumerable()
let tags = row.Field<string>("Tags")
.Split(separator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
let count = tags.Count(t => currenttags.Contains(t))
orderby count descending
select row;
Use the intersect method. here is a sample
//test data
DataTable table = new DataTable();
var column = table.Columns.Add("Tags", typeof(string));
table.Rows.Add("Tag1");
table.Rows.Add("Tag1,Tag2");
table.Rows.Add("Tag2,Tag3");
table.Rows.Add("Tag1,Tag2,Tag3");
table.Rows.Add("Tag4,Tag6");
string[] currentTags = new string[] { "Tag1", "Tag2", "Tag3" };
//actual code
var a = from row in table.AsEnumerable()
let cData = (row["Tags"] as string).Split(new char[] { ',' }).Intersect(currentTags)
orderby cData.Count() descending
select cData;
also works but kbrimington was quickest off the mark. which one is better for performance or does that not matter with linq?
dont think it makes much of a difference in terms of performance. i am using an inbuilt API available(which i always prefer) and kbrimington has used a lamda expression to implement intersect.
P.S - does not stop you from giving me an upvote. i just gave u an alternate way of doing it
i would but i don't have 15 reputation yet. never heard of lamda expression will look it up. could you have a look at the one below and see what you think
string[] Tags = dr["Tags"].ToString().Split(new char[] { ',' });
string SqlClause = "";
for (int i = 0; i < Tags.Length; i++)
{
if (i != Tags.Length - 1)
{
SqlClause += "Tags LIKE '%" + Tags[i] + "%' OR ";
}
else
{
SqlClause += "Tags LIKE '%" + Tags[i] + "%'";
}
}
DataTable dt = ArticleCollection(SqlClause);
var seperator = new[] { ",", " " };
var current = dr["Tags"].ToString();
var currenttags = dr.Field<string>("Tags").Split(seperator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
DataTable query = (from row in dt.AsEnumerable()
let tags = row.Field<string>("Tags").Split(seperator, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
let count = tags.Count(t => currenttags.Contains(t))
orderby count descending
select row).CopyToDataTable();
for (int i = 0; i < query.Rows.Count; i++)
{
if (query.Rows[i]["Title"].ToString() == dr["Title"].ToString())
{
query.Rows[i].Delete();
}
}
TagsRepeater.DataSource = query;
TagsRepeater.DataBind();
}
}
DataTable ArticleCollection(string whereClause)
{
DataSet ds = TreeHelper.SelectNodes("/%", false, "CriticalCare.Conclusion;CriticalCare.Literature;CriticalCare.Theory", whereClause, " ", -1, true);
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
if (!DataHelper.DataSourceIsEmpty(ds))
{
for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables.Count; i++)
{
dt.Merge(ds.Tables[i]);
}
return dt;
}
return null;
}
}
also what i want to do is if more than one article matches the same amount of tags, is order them by there order in relation to the current document in the site tree. which bit of linq would i do that with? is it easy to do that in the same query? is there away of adding a count column to the datatable?
can u explain with example, also do not post question edits as answers
| 28,672 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12355056 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,012 | Stack Exchange | David W., Edwin Buck, Marm, https://stackoverflow.com/users/302139, https://stackoverflow.com/users/368630, https://stackoverflow.com/users/738638 | English | Spoken | 1,047 | 1,664 | Cannot connect to svn with tortoise svn but can by a webbrowser
I configured my svn repository to access it trough apache.
I can access it via any web browser with these addresses.
http://svn.domain.com
http://www.domain.com:3690
But when I'm trying to checkout with tortoiseSVN on windows or a command line on linux, the first one returns: "Unusable URI: it does not refer to this repository" and the second one runs for hours and ends with a timeout error. (I've also tried svn://domain.com which does the same thing)
I read that mod_rewrite can be for something in that issue, but I didn't see any way to solve that issue except by removing mod_rewrite.
But I need mod_rewirte for the websites on this server.
What is the problem?
Is there a way to run mod_dav_svn and mod_rewrite at the same time?
EDIT
The virtual host conf file looks like this:
<Directory /path/to/subdomain>
DAV svn
SVNPath /path/to/repos
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Repos Name"
AuthUserFile /path/to/auth-user/file
Require valid-user
</Directory>
I added this to httpd.conf file:
Listen 3690
NameVirtualHost *:3690
<VirtualHost *:3690>
ServerName svn.domain.com
<Location />
DAV svn
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Repos Name"
AuthUserFile /path/to/auth-user/file
SVNPath /path/to/repos
Require valid-user
</Location>
</VirtualHost>
You cannot check out a domain name, and you cannot change the protocol and expect the server on the other end to suddenly start talking that new protocol.
Your website is making a SVN request to the SVN server, and then formatting the request as HTML. That means that http://svn.domain.com is not the SVN URL. You need to find out what is the SVN URL, and it will contain at least a project name, like so protocol://server/projectname
mod_rewrite is a good tool for automatically rewriting one URL into another; however, if you use mod_rewrite at this point in time, you will only hide your mod_dav_svn configuration issue under a layer which is programatically rewriting your urls. It's a lot harder to fix it that way, because you introduce a new issue (Is the URL rewriting broken?) without fixing the first issue.
I configured apache to listen port 3690 and I also configured the svn subdomain and they both point to an svn project. The page displayed in the web browser is the repository page I always worked with.
My URL rewriting is not broken. The rules are made in htaccess files on each domain. So they should not affect the svn subdomain or the port redirection right?
The URL isn't a full URL. It's a domain name, relying on a server configured values to provide the resource. SVN serves up more than one project, per server.
I've made these urls to point to a specific project. The urls works fine, on a web browser I have the svn page: Project - Revision 1: / and the file listing.
Okay, why are you using port 3690 for HTTP?
Subversion can use several different protocols for accessing the repository. However, you can't mix-n-match. If you are using Apache HTTP as your server, you can only use the HTTP protocol:
$ svn co http://svn.domain.com/<srvrInst>/path/to/your/repository
In Apache, after the domain, there's usually the server instance since multiple server instances can connect to a single Apache instance. Most of the time, it's simply svn although I've seen source used. This is configured in your Apache HTTP configuration.
Basically, any directory you can browse in a web browser should allow you to check it out. However, there is an exception if you have SVNListParentPath on. The parent directory of all of your repositories can't be checked out. Otherwise, you can checkout any directory you can browse to.
It is possible to serve the same repository via svnserve and Apache http at the same time. If you do that, you can use either the Apache http protocol or the svn protocol.
If this doesn't answer your issue, you'll have to give us more information. For example, what does your Apache http configuration look like. What URL can you browse, but not checkout? Remember under Subversion, you can only checkout directories and not files. If you need a file, you can use svn cat to the file and redirect the output to a file.
The virtual host conf file looks like this:
<Directory /path/to/subdomain>
DAV svn
SVNPath /path/to/repos
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Repos Name"
AuthUserFile /path/to/auth-user/file
Require valid-user
I believe your problem is the Directory directive itself. That's suppose to specify the directory under your domain where your repository is located. Normally, it's just something like svn or source, so you would do this to checkout: $ svn co http://svn.domain.com/svn/repo or $ svn co http://svn.domain.com/source/repo. See where it comes in after your domain name in the URL?
I have never tried a multi-level directory like that. Do you want people to specify http://svn.domain.com/path/to/subdomain/repo to do a checkout? Checkout URLs are pretty long already, so I can't imagine adding even more directories to the thing.
You say you can browse the repository via the web browser. If that's the case, you should be able to cut that URL out from the web browser (as long as it's a directory and not a file) and paste it into either Tortoise or the Subversion command line.
By the way, I see you have AuthUserFile set. Maybe the issue is that you need to specify the user name and password? Leave out the virtual host listening in on port 3690 for now. If you really want to use that port, run svnserve on your repository server, and let people use the snv:// protocol.
Look at my post edit for conf files content. svn.domain.com already point to the repos directory. I added the port 3690 because with http protocol, it doesn't work. It is not required for me, but it does the same thing with or without for the http access.
What does the SVNListParentPath do?
If you have a bunch of separate repositories, you can use SVNParentPath to specify the parent directory of all the repos, then use a single virtual directory for all of them. If you set PSVNListParentPath to on, you can use a web-browser to that virtual directory, and it will list all the repositories. You can't do that with the command line, and you can't checkout that virtual directory. It's just a web browser bonus.
See the appendage to my post above.
| 22,685 |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9T2 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | タトラT2 | https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=タトラT2&action=history | Japanese | Spoken | 56 | 3,082 | タトラT2は、かつてチェコスロバキア（現：チェコ）のプラハに存在したタトラ国営会社スミーホフ工場（→ČKDタトラ）が製造した路面電車車両（タトラカー）。最初のタトラカーとして開発されたタトラT1の改良型として設計され、製造当初は「TII」と呼ばれていた。
概要
開発までの経緯
タトラ国営会社スミーホフ工場（→ČKDタトラ）がかつて展開したタトラカーと呼ばれる路面電車車両は、アメリカ合衆国で開発された高性能路面電車・PCCカーの技術をライセンス契約の元で取り入れた電車である。1951年に最初の車両となるタトラT1が製造され、チェコスロバキア（現：チェコ、スロバキア）を中心に東側諸国に導入された。タトラT2は、各地の路面電車事業者からの要望に基づき、このT1を改良した形式である。
構造
タトラT2はループ線が存在する路線での運用を前提とした片運転台のボギー車で、1両での運用（単行）に加えて総括制御による2両編成以上の連結運転も可能な構造となっていた。車体の寸法はT1（車体長13,300 mm、車体幅2,400 mm）から拡大し、長さは14,000 mm、幅は2,500 mmに変更された他、強度もT1から向上した。この車体の設計にあたっては乗客の流動性の向上を重点に置いており、右側に3箇所設置された乗降扉のうち運転台の傍にある前方の扉から搭乗し、車掌による検札を受けた後、中央・後方の扉から降りるという流れを前提に置いた構造となっていた。座席についても試作車についてはT1と同様のロングシートであったが、以降は1列 + 2列のクロスシートに変更された。前照灯は前方下部に1個設置されており、周囲には銀色の装飾が施されていた。
電気機器の構造については、PCCカーを基に設計されたT1の仕様が継続して採用されており、主電動機からの動力は自在継手やかさ歯車を介して車軸に伝えられ（直角カルダン駆動方式）、制御装置は「加速器」とも呼ばれた多段式抵抗制御装置が用いられた。運転台からの速度制御は足踏みペダルを用いて行われた。台車については従来の標準軌（1,435 mm）に加えて狭軌（1,000 mm）や次項で述べるソビエト連邦圏内の広軌（1,524 mm）にも対応しており、より多くの路線で運用できる構造となった。
T2SU
1950年代のソビエト連邦では、国内各地の鉄道車両メーカーによって路面電車車両の製造が行われ、首都・モスクワのモスクワ市電を始めとした各都市への配給が実施されていたが、その生産速度は遅く、第二次世界大戦前から継続して使用されていた旧型電車の置き換えや急増する需要を補うのに不十分であった。更にこれらの新造車両の多くは旧来の機構を有しており、より近代的な車両が望まれていた。そこで、経済相互援助会議（コメコン）体制のもとで、高性能車両であるタトラT2をソ連向けに改良したタトラT2SUの大量導入を実施する事が決定した。
極寒の環境下での使用を考慮し、運転台は客室と区切られ「運転室」となった他、車掌による業務が存在した関係上多くの車両については中央部の乗降扉が設置されておらず、その分座席数が増加した。一方で主電動機や制御装置を含めた電気機器についてはT2と同様のものが用いられた。
運用
最初の車両となる試作車（6001・6002）は1955年に製造され、チェコスロバキア（現：チェコ）の首都・プラハを走るプラハ市電に導入された。うち6002に採用されたクロスシートの内装が1958年以降製造が始まった量産車へと受け継がれ、廃止が検討されていたヤブロネツ・ナド・ニソウ市電を除いたチェコスロバキア（→チェコ、スロバキア）の全路面電車路線へ向けて導入が実施された。一方、それに先駆けて1957年から量産が始まったソビエト連邦向けのT2SUについてもその性能や品質、大量生産体制が高く評価され、最多の180両を導入したモスクワ市電を筆頭に6都市に向けて計380両が製造された。
だが、車体の強度を上げた事でT2の重量は17 - 18 tと増大し、軸重も増加したために軌道の状態が悪い地域への導入が難しいという問題を抱えていた。そのため、スミーホフ工場では車体や座席の設計を変更し、重量を2 t近く軽減した改良型であるタトラT3を開発し、1960年以降生産が始まった。それに伴い、T2の量産は1962年をもって終了した。
その後は各都市で長期に渡り活躍したものの、1980年代以降は老朽化および後継車両の導入によって廃車が進み、T2・T2SU共に大半の車両は1980年代までに営業運転を終了し、以降は後述する更新工事が実施された車両のみが使用される事となった。引退した車両の一部は各地の路面電車事業者や博物館で保存されており、その中には試作車1両（6002）も含まれる。
導入都市
タトラT2およびタトラT2SUの新造車両が導入された都市は以下の通りである。国名および都市名は導入当時のものを記す。
改造
1970年代以降、タトラT2の一部車両については、延命や近代化を理由とした更新工事が実施され、塗装や内装、車内照明、機器を中心とした修繕や、前照灯周辺の装飾の撤去が行われた。その中でも大規模な更新の事例として以下のものが存在する。
T2R
T2の延命および増備が進むT3との仕様統一を図るため、1970年代以降近代化工事を施した形式。前照灯の数がT3に合わせた2個に増設され、座席もラミネート加工を施したプラスチック製のものに変更した他、電気機器についてもT3と同型のものに交換した。改造対象となったのはブルノ市電の80両、オストラヴァ市電の13両で、前者は1976年 - 1983年、後者は1985年 - 1986年に改造された。両者とも原形のT2が全廃されて以降も使用されたが、後継車両への置き換えが進んだことでブルノ市電からは1998年に引退し、オストラヴァ市電でも1990年代までに営業運転を終了した。
このうち、オストラヴァ市電で運用されていた9両については、車両不足を補うため1995年から1996年にかけてリベレツ市電へ譲渡され、そのうち8両が営業運転に使用された。これらの車両のうち、最後まで使用されたのは2両（18、19）で、動態保存車両を除いた世界最後の現役のタトラT2でもあったが、2018年11月17日に実施されたさよなら運転をもって営業運転を終了した。その後、この2両はプラハ市電を運営するへと譲渡され、前照灯周りに装飾が存在する製造当時の姿（18）および前照灯が2個に増設されたT2Rに更新直後の姿（19）への車体復元が実施されている。また、車両番号の表記についてもオストラヴァ市電時代の旧番へ戻されているが、登録上の車両番号はそれぞれプラハ市電に導入された試作車（6001、6002）の続番である6003（←18）、6004（←19）となっている。
また、上記以外にもリベレツ市電に1両が保存されている他、同市電で2006年に廃車となった1両がプルゼニ市電に譲渡され、2009年のプルゼニ市の公共交通運行開始110周年記念事業の一環として車体を原型に復元した上で動態保存されている。
その他
チェコスロバキア（現：スロバキア）の都市・コシツェを走るコシツェ市電に導入されたT2の一部は1986年にT3と同様の前面形状に改造された他、電気機器についてもT3と同様の構造に改められた。事業用車（訓練車）1両を含めた5両が改造対象となったが、1990年までに廃車されている。
脚注
注釈
出典
参考資料
T2
PCCカー
チェコスロバキアの路面電車車両
チェコの路面電車車両
車たとらT2
ソビエト連邦の路面電車車両
車たとらT2
車たとらT2
車たとらT2
かつて存在した路面電車車両
1955年製の鉄道車両 | 45,654 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D9%86%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | طرخشقون أنكليزي | https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=طرخشقون أنكليزي&action=history | Arabic | Spoken | 38 | 157 | طرخشقون أنكليزي (الاسم العلمي:Taraxacum anglicum) هو من النباتات يتبع الطرخشقون من ال النجمية. سمي هذا النوع نسبةً إلى إنكلترا.
انظر أيضًا
الطرخشقون
قائمة أنواع الطرخشقون
مراجع
طرخشقون أنكليزي
طرخشقون أنكليزي
طرخشقون أنكليزي
نباتات منسوبة إلى إنجلترا
طرخشقون أنكليزي | 24,669 |
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemming%20Vejsn%C3%A6s | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Flemming Vejsnæs | https://da.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flemming Vejsnæs&action=history | Danish | Spoken | 47 | 126 | Flemming Vejsnæs født 1961 er en tidligere dansk atlet. Han var medlem af Aabenraa IG .
Vejsnæs arbejder i dag som biavelskonsulent.
Danske mesterskaber
1982 Højdespring 2,09
Personlig rekord
Højdespring: 2,09 1982
Eksterne henvisninger
DAF i tal – Flemming Vejsnæs
Højdespringere fra Danmark
Atleter fra Aabenraa IG | 24,175 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Nwifuru | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Francis Nwifuru | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis Nwifuru&action=history | English | Spoken | 462 | 709 | Francis Ogbonna Erishi Nwifuru (born 25 February 1975) is a Nigerian politician, Builder, lawyer, and entrepreneur who is the 4th and current governor of Ebonyi State since 2023. He previously served as speaker of the Ebonyi State House of Assembly from June 2015 to May 2023. He hails from Oferekpe Agbaja in Izzi local government area of Ebonyi State.
Nwifuru represented Izzi West constituency at the Ebonyi State legislature between 2011 and 2023. He was the Deputy Chief Whip of the 4th Ebonyi State House of Assembly (2011–2015). During that period, he served as chairman Ebonyi State House of Assembly Committee on Lands, Survey, Urban Development and Environment. His journey into the State House of Assembly was under Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), until 2020, when he moved to the All Progressives Congress (APC).
Education
Ogbonna Nwifuru enrolled into Oferekpe Agbaja Community Primary School in the year 1991. His continued persistence for acquisition of knowledge, took him to Community Secondary School, Nwofe Agbaja in the year 1999.
His educational activities weren't smooth-sailing. For a fact, he attended school only at intervals and joined his brothers in rearing of their father's numerous cattle.
Upon concluding his post-primary education, Ogbonna was christened ‘Francis’ after baptism as a Catholic. He enrolled into Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, to study Building technology and Wood Work.
Nwifuru received a Masters Degree in Procurement, Logistics and Supply Chain Management from Salford University, Manchester, United Kingdom in June 2021.
Career
In 2007 he ran for his state constituency in the Ebonyi State House of Assembly, but lost.
He was later appointed as an Ex-Officio State Executive Member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), in Ebonyi State.
In March 2011, he took a second shot, won the election to represent Izzi West Constituency at Ebonyi State House of Assembly.
In that same tenure, he became the Deputy Chief Whip and chairman House Committee on Lands, Survey, Urban Development, and Environment.
He was re-elected in 2015 and as 5th speaker of the Assembly. He was also re-elected for same positions in 2019; hence becoming the only member to have returned as a two-time Speaker in the history of Ebonyi State House of Assembly.
In 2020, he was elected as the National vice-chairman South East Conference of State Legislatures of Nigeria.
As the flagbearer of the All Progressives Congress during the 2023 Ebonyi gubernatorial election, Nwifuru garnered a total of 199,131 votes cast across the 13 local governments in the state to win the election.
Controversy
In March 2016, there were rumours that Nwifuru was arrested by the Economic Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).
He however denied the allegation.
Nwifuru explained he only honoured an invitation from the EFCC at its South-East zonal office in Enugu.
References
Living people
1975 births
People from Ebonyi State | 29,009 |
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung%20Bandar%2C%20Pulai%20Chondong | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kampung Bandar, Pulai Chondong | https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampung Bandar, Pulai Chondong&action=history | Malay | Spoken | 94 | 239 | Kampung Bandar merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Pulai Chondong, dalam negeri Kelantan Darul Naim, iaitu sebuah negeri di utara Malaysia. Kelantan merupakan sebuah negeri di utara Malaysia, dengan keluasan lebih kurang 14,922 km². Ia terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut China Selatan, dan bersempadan dengan Provinsi Narathiwat, Thailand. Kelantan ialah sebuah negeri agraria (pertanian) yang mempunyai banyak kawasan tanaman padi dan perkampungan nelayan.
Kemudahan asas
Pendidikan
Tempat beribadat
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Bandar, Pulai Chondong, Kelantan adalah 16600.
Rujukan
Pautan luar
Lokasi Kampung Bandar di Peta Google
Bandar | 49,291 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96nd%C3%B6rshil | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Öndörshil | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Öndörshil&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 86 | 174 | Distrito ang Öndörshil (Mongolian: Өндөршил Сум) sa Monggoliya. Nahimutang ni sa lalawigan sa Dundgovĭ Aymag, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa habagatan sa Ulaanbaatar ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang klima bugnaw nga kamadan. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hulyo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Pebrero, sa milimetro.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Galeriya sa hulagway
Mga subdibisyon sa Dundgovĭ Aymag | 26,673 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78185573 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | null | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 59 | 80 | How can I stop Memgraph from writing logs on disk?
I don't need Memgraph logs on my disk. I just want to view them in my terminal on the same place where I see all of the OS errors.
How can I set stderr to be the only place where log can be seen? I've tried to set -log-file="/dev/null"
| 35,016 | |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3566168 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | Kishalay Sarkar, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/691776 | English | Spoken | 299 | 662 | Doubts regarding singularity and regularity of algebraic curves.
We say that a curve $F(x,y)=0$ is regular at $(x_0,y_0)$ if in a nbd of that point,the curve can be written explicitly as a continuously differentiable function of the form $y=f(x)$ or $x=g(y)$.We know by implicit function theorem,we know if$F^2_x+F^2_y\neq0$,at a point,then the curve represents an implicit function $f$ such that $(x,f(x))$ satisfies $F(x,y)=0$ or $(g(y),y)$ satisfies $F(x,y)=0$.Now my question is can an algebraic curve be regular even if $F^2_x+F^2_y=0$?
Also if we consider the curve $F(x,y)=0$ where $F(x,y)=y^2-x^6$,then $\partial F/\partial x |_{(0,0)}=\partial F/\partial y|_{(0,0)}=0$But the curve has a tangent at $(0,0)$ which is the $x$-axis although $dy/dx$ makes no sense as $dy/dx=$$-$${\partial F/\partial x}\over{\partial F/\partial y}$ has $0$ in denominator.
Also consider the cusp of $y^3-x^2=0$,it is described as singularity in Courant although $y$ is expressible as $ ^3\sqrt {x^2}$,so it should be regular as per definition but it is described as a singular point.
As you see continuously differentiable on a real interval doesn't seem to be a good definition.
The continuously differentiable assumption works better for complex curves because for algebraic functions continuously differentiable implies holomorphic which implies analytic. Neither $x^{3/2}$ nor its "derivative" $x^{1/2}$ are continuous near $0\in \Bbb{C}$ ( $e^{i \theta 3/2}r^{3/2},\theta \in [-\pi/2,\pi /2)$ has a branch cut at $\theta=\pi/2$).
For such algebraic functions it suffices to assume it is smooth on a real interval to get that it is holomorphic on a complex neighborhood of it.
Thus use smoothness instead of $C^1$ in your definition and prove that non-vanishing partial derivatives implies the smoothness in a neighborhood (what about the converse, $x^2-y^2=0$ at $(0,0)$ ?)
what kind of singularity does the curve $x^4+y^4-2(x-y)^2=0$ have at $(0,0)$?
Sometime the equation may appear not to give a regular curve, like $y^2= 0$. So care is needed.
| 38,337 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B7%87%20%28%E5%92%B8%E8%B1%90%E9%80%B2%E5%A3%AB%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 李淇 (咸豐進士) | https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=李淇 (咸豐進士)&action=history | Chinese | Spoken | 12 | 263 | 李淇（），字右川，号有亭，一号约安，内务府汉军正白旗人。道光丁酉拔贡、甲辰举人，咸丰癸丑进士。后任江西兴安县知县。
家庭
曾祖成勲，贡生；胞兄李宏勳，嘉慶十三年戊辰（1808）二甲進士李恩繹之高祖。
祖紹祖；
父秉键，国学生；
胞伯秉錀，道光己亥举人，浙江嘉善县知县，己酉科乡试同考官；
妻宁氏。
参考文献
道光十七年丁酉科拔貢
道光二十四年甲辰恩科舉人
正白旗旗鼓佐领下人
Q | 31,067 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BC%9A%E6%98%A5 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 马会春 | https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=马会春&action=history | Chinese | Spoken | 6 | 143 | 马会春（），男，满族，顺天府宝坻县（今天津市宝坻区）人，咸丰六年（1856）武甲科榜眼，1839年出生于直隶省顺天府宝坻县小兰各庄（今属潮阳街道）。曾作为清军参与太平天国战争。
参考资料
宝坻人
Hui
清朝武榜眼
太平天国战争清军人物 | 48,583 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64273163 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | BOB, Cole S, KcH, https://stackoverflow.com/users/11737596, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12471771, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2904896, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5186878, metatoaster | English | Spoken | 374 | 759 | Send variable from Flask route to JavaScript
Need help understanding how to send variables from a Flask route to a JavaScript file and visa versa.
Let's say I have the below Flask route:
@payment.route('/pay/campaign', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def pay():
user = User.query.get_or_404(campaign.user_id)
amount = 1000
return render_template('payment.html', amount=amount, user=user)
and I want to access the variables amount and user in my JavaScript file and send them as a POST request to another Flask route /pay_now.
These variables are used in the /pay_now route to create a variable called clientSecret which I then need to be sent back to my JavaScript file to be used in the confirmCardPayment() method below. (If there is a way I can define these variables in /pay and access them directly in /pay_now without going through the JavaScript, that will work too)
@payment.route('/pay_now', methods=['GET','POST'])
def create_payment():
clientSecret = create_secret(amount, user) #assume this creates secret
return jsonify({"clientSecret": clientSecret})
form.addEventListener('submit', function(ev) {
fetch("/pay_now", {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({
// not sure how to send amount and user variable to /pay_now
}),
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json"
},
})
.then(response => response.json())
.then(data => {
// not sure how to read JSON from /pay_now
});
stripe.confirmCardPayment(clientSecret, {
payment_method: {
card: card,
billing_details: {
name: 'Jenny Rosen'
}
}
}).then(function(result) {
if (result.error) {
console.log(result.error.message);
} else {
if (result.paymentIntent.status === 'succeeded') {
}
}
});
});
In summary, I need to:
Send amount and user from the /pay route to my JavaScript file
Then need to pass the amount and user variable to a Flask API route /pay_now which creates a variable called clientSecret
Finally, fetch the clientSecret variable and use it in the JavaScript file
Would be super awesome to get some help on this! Thanks in advance!
The data should be available where you had // not sure how to read JSON from /pay_now? Might be useful to include a console.log(data) to see what's there inside your browser's debug console to verify.
Okay thanks, will check that. Do you know how to access amount and user in the JavaScript from the /pay route?
{{amount}} or {{user}} I believe this is what you need https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11178426/how-can-i-pass-data-from-flask-to-javascript-in-a-template
there could be a better way ... but you can do as "{{ amount }}" and "{{ user }}"
| 36,885 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeleinea%20ludicra | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Madeleinea ludicra | https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madeleinea ludicra&action=history | Dutch | Spoken | 39 | 68 | Madeleinea ludicra is een vlinder uit de familie van de Lycaenidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1890 als Lycaena ludicra gepubliceerd door Gustav Weymer.
De soort komt voor in Chili.
Lycaenidae
Dier uit het Neotropisch gebied | 208 |
https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%20%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96%D1%83%D1%81%20%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B1 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Гренландс Семінаріус Спортклуб | https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Гренландс Семінаріус Спортклуб&action=history | Ukrainian | Spoken | 82 | 279 | «Ґренландс Семінаріус Спортклуб» або просто «ГСС» () — професіональний ґренландський футбольний клуб з міста Нуук. Крім футбольного, в клубі також діє гандбольне відділення.
Історія
Футбольний клуб «Гренландс Семінаріус Спортклуб» було засновано в 1944 році у місті Нуук, столиці Гренландії. Клуб чотири рази перемагав у національному чемпіонаті, але останнього разу це сталося ще в 1976 році.
Досягнення
Кока-кола ҐМ
Чемпіон (4): 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976
Срібний призер (1): 1971
Посилання
Профіль клубу на сайті football.isport.com
Футбольні клуби Гренландії
Футбольні клуби, засновані 1944
Нуук | 19,437 |
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung%20Bukit%20Changgang | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kampung Bukit Changgang | https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampung Bukit Changgang&action=history | Malay | Spoken | 47 | 128 | Kampung Bukit Changgang merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Banting, dalam negeri Selangor, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia.
Kemudahan asas
Pendidikan
Tempat beribadat
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Bukit Changgang, Banting, Selangor ialah 42700.
Rujukan
Pautan luar
Lokasi Kampung Bukit Changgang di Peta Google
Bukit Changgang | 44,693 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/56817479 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | Slovak | Spoken | 323 | 613 | how to find documents with more matching terms of query in Elasticsearch?
I am looking for a way to custom ElasticSearch scoring to retrieve documents matching more distinct query terms.
My index mapping is:
{
"settings" : {
"number_of_shards" : 1
},
"mappings" : {
"properties": {
"content": {
"type": "text"
},
"display_content": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
'''
And my search query to ElasticSearch is:
{
'from': offset,
'size': size,
'query': {
'function_score': {
'boost_mode': 'multiply',
'score_mode': 'sum',
'functions': [
],
'query': {
'bool': {
'must': {
'match': {
'content': query
}
},
'filter': [
{
'term': {
'searchable': 'true'
}
}
]
}
}
}
},
'highlight': {
'fields': {
'content': {}
}
},
'track_scores': 'true',
'sort': [
{
'_score': {'order': 'desc'}
}
]
}
For example i have two documents.
first document:
{
"content": "laptop laptop laptop",
"display_content": ""
}
second document:
{
"content": "laptop mobile",
"display_content": ""
}
I want to customize ElasticSearch score to increase score of the second document to a query like mobile laptop. How can i make this?
You don't need a function_score. This is the default behavior of the match query.
However, I understand that you want to reduce the impact of duplicated terms in the score.
If you want to completely discard duplicated terms you can use a unique token filter. The field "laptop laptop laptop" will then be indexed as "laptop" removing completely the influence of duplicated terms.
If you still want to keep the duplicated terms, you can change their influence using parameter k1 of the BM25 similarity function (the default similarity function).
See the documentation to configure a similarity function for an index. Note that the similarity can be changed without reindexing, you just need to close and reopen the index.
Please note that changing the value of the similarity function parameter is considered as an expert feature. You can read more on this subject in this article
| 35,747 | |
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87%20%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D9%88%20%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%85%20%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AC%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | آیینه جهاننما و طلسم گنجگشا | https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=آیینه جهاننما و طلسم گنجگشا&action=history | Persian | Spoken | 94 | 316 | آیینه جهان نما و طلسم گنج گشا کتابی فارسی در عرفان اثر ابوسعید بن مجتبی یمانی یا یحیی یمانی است که به نام صدر اعظم فخرالاسلام احمد خالدی نگاشته شده و دارای نثری آمیخته به نظم است.
موضوع اصلی این کتاب بیان حقیقت انسان و اسرار و بدایع آفرینش اوست، تا که هر که در آن مینگرد، چون آیینهای خود را بشناسد و از خودشناسی به خداشناسی برسد. از این اثر نسخههایی خطی در دارالکتب قاهره، کتابخانة گنج بخش پاکستان، شهر دوشنبه جمهوری تاجیکستان و شورای ملی (سابق) وجود دارد.
منابع
https://web.archive.org/web/20101125110931/http://cgie.org.ir/shavad.asp?id=123&avaid=572
کتابهای عرفانی | 14,157 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%CC%A4%CC%8D | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | E̤̍ | https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E̤̍&action=history | French | Spoken | 82 | 170 | E̤̍ (minuscule : e̤̍), appelé E tréma souscrit ligne verticale, est un graphème et une lettre additionnelle de l’alphabet latin utilisée en puxian. Elle est composée d’un E, d’un tréma souscrit et d’une ligne verticale.
Représentations informatiques
Le E tréma souscrit ligne verticale peut être représenté avec les caractères Unicode suivants (latin de base, diacritiques) :
Voir aussi
Alphabet latin
E (lettre)
Tréma souscrit
Ligne verticale (diacritique)
Lettre E diacritée
Lettre latine comportant un tréma souscrit
Lettre latine comportant une ligne verticale | 30,610 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanton%20Laval-3 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kanton Laval-3 | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanton Laval-3&action=history | German | Spoken | 38 | 71 | Der Kanton Laval-3 ist französischer Kanton im Arrondissement Laval, im Département Mayenne und in der Region Pays de la Loire.
Der Kanton besteht aus dem nordöstlichen Teil der Gemeinde Laval mit insgesamt Einwohnern (Stand: ):
Laval03
Laval (Mayenne) | 1,684 |
https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Ader | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Mount Ader | https://lld.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount Ader&action=history | Ladin | Spoken | 19 | 48 | L Mount Ader ie n crëp te l'Antartis. L à na autëza de metri.
Geografia
Referënzes
Crëp te l'Antartis | 35,603 |
https://es.stackoverflow.com/questions/533600 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,022 | Stack Exchange | Spanish | Spoken | 236 | 559 | ¿Cómo registro los datos del while?
M piden realizar un menú, que al presionar 1, le pida digitar la cantidad de números que desee comparar, y posteriormente pedir una por una las n opciones y así enviar el numero máximo del conjunto de datos, lo que no se es como hacer que se acumulen en la lista números todos los datos que se van anotando
menu <- select.list(
title = "Este es mi menu",
choices = c("Ejercicio 1","Ejercicio 2","Salir")
)
if (menu == "Ejercicio 1"){
num=as.numeric(readline("Digite la cantidad de números que desea comparar: "))
if (num == 1){
uno <- as.numeric(readline("Digite dato a comparar: "))
print(paste("El número mayor es:", uno))
}
while (num > 1){
numeros<- (as.numeric(readline("Digite el dato a comparar: ")))
numeros<- c(numeros)
cantidad <- length(numeros)
cantidad
if(num == cantidad){
break
max<- max(c(numeros:n))
print(paste("El número mayor es:", max))
}}
Necesitas "acumular" cada ingreso en un vector:
numeros <- numeric()
while (num > 1) {
numero_ingresado <- as.numeric(readline("Digite el dato a comparar: "))
numeros <- c(numeros, numero_ingresado))
Creamos una variable fuera del while: numeros <- numeric() y dentro del primero, acumulamos numeros <- c(numeros, numero_ingresado)).
Adicionalmente te hago una sugerencia, en ciclos dónde conocemos el total de iteraciones, es más simple si se implementa mediante un for:
numeros <- numeric()
for (i in 1:num) {
numero_ingresado <- as.numeric(readline("Digite el dato a comparar: "))
numeros <- c(numeros, numero_ingresado)
}
max <- max(numeros)
print(paste("El número mayor es:", max))
| 17,912 | |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2722136 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,010 | Stack Exchange | Dani Karuniawan, Jon Hulka, Lysander Adriel Gawaran, Rajesh Kumar, Rohit, Stoutie, a coder, farhan Asad, frenkjuriya, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1835470, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4698242, https://stackoverflow.com/users/492983, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5588837, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5588838, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5588839, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5589169, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5589252, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5589372, https://stackoverflow.com/users/721073, https://stackoverflow.com/users/826331, jave.web, kojow7 | English | Spoken | 679 | 1,330 | How to bind LIKE values using the PDO extension?
In this query
select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE '$partial%'
I'm trying to bind the variable '$partial%' with PDO. Not sure how this works with the % at the end.
Would it be
select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE ':partial%'
where :partial is bound to $partial="somet"
or would it be
select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE ':partial'
where :partial is bound to $partial="somet%"
or would it be something entirely different?
You could also say:
SELECT wrd FROM tablename WHERE wrd LIKE CONCAT(:partial, '%')
to do the string joining at the MySQL end, not that there's any particular reason to in this case.
Things get a bit more tricky if the partial wrd you are looking for can itself contain a percent or underscore character (since those have special meaning for the LIKE operator) or a backslash (which MySQL uses as another layer of escaping in the LIKE operator — incorrectly, according to the ANSI SQL standard).
Hopefully that doesn't affect you, but if you do need to get that case right, here's the messy solution:
$stmt= $db->prepare("SELECT wrd FROM tablename WHERE wrd LIKE :term ESCAPE '+'");
$escaped= str_replace(array('+', '%', '_'), array('++', '+%', '+_'), $var);
$stmt->bindParam(':term', $escaped);
To escape or not to escape ... It depends on the intent of the character. Was it's intent to be a wildcard or a literal? I wouldn't expect a prepared statement to decide this for me. It's job is to escape characters in the value that would terminate the LIKE clause and inject unwanted sql.
+1 for the 'messy' solution. The only time I wouldn't use it is if I wanted to give my users the ability to put wildcards in their own search string.
I would like to add a note why the str_replace does not cycle - Because str_replace() replaces left to right so first, the + gets escaped, then % and in the end the _ ... so no +++++++++ :-)
$var = "partial%";
$stmt = $dbh->prepare("select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE :partial");
$stmt->bindParam(":partial", $var);
$stmt->execute(); // or $stmt->execute(array(':partial' => $var)); without
// first calling bindParam()
$rs = $stmt->fetchAll();
Using question mark parameters:
$stmt = $dbh->prepare('select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE ?');
$stmt->execute(array('partial%'));
$rs = $stmt->fetchAll();
http://www.php.net/manual/en/pdo.prepare.php
You can use addcslashes before prepared statement. I tested on mysql.
$value = addcslashes($value, '%');
$stmt = $db->prepare('select * from products where description like ?');
$stmt->execute(["$value%"]);
I think the accepted answer (by @bobince) can be simplified a bit.
You can reduce it to something like this to handle underscore, percentage, etc in the param but still match the LIKE query with partial%:
$stmt = $dbh->prepare("select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE :partial");
$stmt->execute([":partial" => addcslashes($value, '_%') . "%"]);
$rows = $stmt->fetchAll();
This is how you should do it
bindValue(':partial', '%' . $_GET['partial'] . '%');
Thanks,
Qwerty
This is such an incredibly bad idea.
@acoder without an explanation your comment isn't helpful.
Even with abstraction, using a raw unfiltered _GET value in a query sounds like a really bad time waiting to happen.
The below code it shows only the first keywords in the database!
"SELECT wrd FROM tablename WHERE wrd LIKE CONCAT(:partial, '%')"
Try this one if you want to search all the keywords from the database
"SELECT wrd FROM tablename WHERE wrd LIKE :partial";
$stmt->execute(array(':partial'=>'%'.$YourVarHere.'%'));
Who has written the answare (may be karim79):
$var ="partial%"
$stmt =$dbh->prepare("select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE :partial")
$stmt->bindParam(":partial",$var)
$stmt->execute(); //or$stmt->execute(array(':partial'=>$var)); without
// first calling bindParam()
$rs =$stmt->fetchAll();
Using question mark parameters:
$stmt =$dbh->prepare('select wrd from tablename WHERE wrd LIKE ?');
$stmt->execute(array('partial%'));
$rs =$stmt->fetchAll();
Many thanks to him. I was searching for the code & saw many examples, but i couldn't resolve my issue. This time I have succeed to do it. I used the 'Using question mark parameters:' section of the code.
For others help, if you want to retrieve the value from a variable you may change the code to
$stmt->execute(array($variable.'%'));
instead of
$stmt->execute(array('partial%'));
Because the word 'partial' is specified in the answer and can't be changed. Thanks a lot.
| 41,520 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/353677%20Harald | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 353677 Harald | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=353677 Harald&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 38 | 85 | 353677 Harald è un asteroide della fascia principale. Scoperto nel 2002, presenta un'orbita caratterizzata da un semiasse maggiore pari a e da un'eccentricità di 0,0683963, inclinata di 9,09948° rispetto all'eclittica.
Collegamenti esterni
Harald
Corpi celesti scoperti nel 2002 | 32,771 |
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philodendron%20chirripoense | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Philodendron chirripoense | https://war.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philodendron chirripoense&action=history | Waray | Spoken | 39 | 75 | An Philodendron chirripoense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Bernard Croat ngan Michael Howard Grayum. An Philodendron chirripoense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Philodendron, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.
Mga kasarigan
Philodendron | 27,222 |
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asceua | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Asceua | https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asceua&action=history | French | Spoken | 326 | 726 | Asceua est un genre d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Zodariidae.
Distribution
Les espèces de ce genre se rencontrent en Asie du Sud-Est, en Asie de l'Est, en Asie du Sud, en Afrique subsaharienne et en Australie.
Liste des espèces
Selon :
Asceua adunca Zhang & Zhang, 2018
Asceua amabilis Thorell, 1897
Asceua anding Zhang, Zhang & Jia, 2012
Asceua bifurca Zhang & Zhang, 2018
Asceua calciformis Li, Liu & Peng, 2022
Asceua cingulata (Simon, 1905)
Asceua curva Zhang & Zhang, 2018
Asceua daoxian Yin, 2012
Asceua digitata Li, Liu & Peng, 2022
Asceua dispar (Kulczyński, 1911)
Asceua elegans Thorell, 1887
Asceua expugnatrix Jocqué, 1995
Asceua forcipiformis Li, Liu & Peng, 2022
Asceua gruezoi Barrion & Litsinger, 1992
Asceua haocongi Lin & Li, 2023
Asceua heliophila (Simon, 1893)
Asceua japonica (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
Asceua jianfeng Song & Kim, 1997
Asceua kunming Song & Kim, 1997
Asceua lejeunei Jocqué, 1991
Asceua longji Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013
Asceua maculosa Logunov, 2010
Asceua menglun Song & Kim, 1997
Asceua piperata Ono, 2004
Asceua quadrimaculata Zhang, Zhang & Jia, 2012
Asceua quinquestrigata (Simon, 1905)
Asceua radiosa Jocqué, 1986
Asceua septemmaculata (Simon, 1893)
Asceua shuangreni Lin & Li, 2023
Asceua similis Song & Kim, 1997
Asceua thrippalurensis Sankaran, 2023
Asceua torquata (Simon, 1909)
Asceua trimaculata Zhang & Zhang, 2018
Asceua wallacei Bosmans & Hillyard, 1990
Asceua zijin Lin & Li, 2023
Asceua zodarionina (Simon, 1907)
Systématique et taxinomie
Ce genre a été décrit par Thorell en 1887 dans les Zodariidae. Il est placé en synonymie avec Storena par Simon en 1893. Il est relevé de synonymie par Bosmans et Van Hove en 1986.
Suffucia et Doosia ont été placés en synonymie par Jocqué en 1991.
Publication originale
Thorell, 1887 : « Viaggio di L. Fea in Birmania e regioni vicine. II. Primo saggio sui ragni birmani. » Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, , (texte intégral).
Liens externes
Notes et références
Zodariidae
Genre d'araignées (nom scientifique) | 13,857 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42847722 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | William Curry, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5560343 | English | Spoken | 367 | 593 | How to share parent HTML between two child Angular2 components?
I am pretty new to Angular in general. My application has multiple "pages (components)" that all share things in common -- header, general layout of the page, etc. They could be sharing css and html (instead of it being repeated in each component), but I'm not sure how to go about doing it. Here is essentially what I want to do:
<parentPage>
<childPage1></childPage1>
</parentPage>
<parentPage>
<otherChildPage></otherChildPage>
</parentPage>
Can anyone point me in the right direction? The "childPage1" and "otherChildPage" components are completely different. One has a bunch of links, the other a wall of formatted text with some images. But the overall layout of the page outside of those components is exactly the same between the two.
I guess I could have one stylesheet that its imported into each of the components. But that doesn't solve the shared html problem.
Angular is a "Single Page Application" framework.
For example you if you had a login page your code might look something like this:
<html>
<body>
<header-component/>
<login-component/>
</body>
</html>
then when the user logs in angular removes the login-component and replaces it with a profile-component
<html>
<body>
<header-component/>
<profile-component/>
</body>
</html>
This way you only ever have 1 page and you can swap out components as required. I'd recommend following an angular(2?) tutorial which will explain how to achieve this.
What you expect is basically a SPA website. if your application is going to have common UI lookup,
sol 1: have your master piece of lookup at the root index.html and root component and child component follow up
sol 2: have your common sharing html as parent component, and then your child as 2 small components. so total you have 3 component.
sol 3: this approach can be easily achieved easily through UI-Routing - read and understand from google.
Hope this structure will make sense
<parentPage>
<container>
<childPage1></childPage1>
<otherChildPage></otherChildPage>
</container>
</parentPage>
parentPage - could have your common layout
container - could have your child components where you could pick the correct child component (This is done in the container component's respective html file where you could use *ngIf to pick which child component you want to render)
| 24,752 |
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Couleur%20des%20sentiments%20%28fim%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | La Couleur des sentiments (fim) | https://ht.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La Couleur des sentiments (fim)&action=history | Haitian Creole | Spoken | 139 | 297 | La Couleur des sentiments (an angle : The Help) se yon fim dramatik ameriken ekri ak reyalize pa Tate Taylor, daprè woman menm tit ekri pa Kathryn Stockett.
Rezime
Ekip teknik
Aktè
Viola Davis kòm Aibileen Clark
Octavia Spencer kòm Minny Jackson
Emma Stone kòm Eugenia « Skeeter » Phelan
Jessica Chastain kòm Celia Foote
Bryce Dallas Howard kòm Hillary « Hilly » Holbrook
Allison Janney kòm Charlotte Phelan
Sissy Spacek kòm Missus Walters
Mike Vogel kòm Johnny Foote
Anna Camp kòm Jolene French
Ahna O'Reilly kòm Elizabeth Leefolt
Chris Lowell kòm Stuart Whitworth
Mary Steenburgen kòm Elaine Stein
Cicely Tyson kòm Constantine Jefferson
Aunjanue Ellis kòm Yule Mae Davis
David Oyelowo kòm pastè Green
Ashley Johnson kòm Mary Beth Caldwell
Nelsan Ellis kòm Henry
Referans
Lyen deyò
La Couleur des sentiments sou IMDb
2011
Sinema
Fim
Fim ameriken | 9,569 |
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corbeny | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Corbeny | https://ku.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Corbeny&action=history | Kurdish | Spoken | 23 | 76 | Corbeny, komunekî departmena Aisne a li herêma Hauts-de-Franceê ya li bakurê Fransayê ye.
Mijarên din
Komunên departmena Aisne
Çavkanî
Girêdanên derve
Komunên Aisne | 19,725 |
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus%20Florin | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Magnus Florin | https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magnus Florin&action=history | German | Spoken | 419 | 880 | Magnus Sten Gustaf Florin (* 3. August 1955 in Uppsala) ist ein schwedischer Schriftsteller, Regisseur und Dramaturg.
Leben
Florin debütierte als Schriftsteller im Jahre 1978 mit "Blå blusen - Arbetertheater in den 30er Jahren" (zusammen mit Henrik Bramsjö). Von 1980 bis 1990 war er Dramaturg am Königlichen Dramatischen Theater in Stockholm, zwischen 2000 und 2006 war er Leiter des Radiotheaters bei Sveriges Radio und danach dessen Dramaturg. 2009 kehrte er ans Königliche Dramatische Theater Stockholm zurück und wurde dort Chefdramaturg.
Sein belletristisches Debüt erschien 1989 mit der Kurzprosasammlung "Berättelsens gång", gefolgt von "Tror du på denna historia?" (1992). Der drei Jahre später folgende erste Roman Florins "Trädgården" (Der Garten) wurde im Erscheinungsjahr für den August-Preis, Schwedens höchsten Literaturpreis, nominiert und am Drottningholmstheater mit der Musik von Jonas Forssell und dem Libretto von Leif Janzon als Oper inszeniert. Eine weitere Nominierung für den August-Preis sowie den Romanpreis des Schwedischen Radios brachte der zweite Roman "Syskonen" (1998, Die Geschwister), und auch "Ränderna" (Die Ränder), Florins fünfter Roman aus dem Jahre 2010, wurde sowohl für den August-Preis wie auch für den Romanpreis von Sveriges Radio nominiert. 2006 erhielt er für sein Gesamtwerk den Aniara-Preis der Schwedischen Bibliothekarenvereinigung. Von Literaturkritikern wurde er für die Mitgliedschaft in der Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften vorgeschlagen.
2009 schrieb er das Libretto zu Daniel Börtz' Oper "Goya", 2011 feierte Florins eigene Oper "Hemligheter" (über Emanuel Swedenborg) mit dem Originallibretto von Florin und der Musik von Jonas Forssell an der Oper von Göteborg Premiere.
2013 erschien die deutsche Übersetzung des ersten Romanes Trädgården unter dem Titel Der Garten, 2014 die deutsche Übersetzung von Cirkulation unter dem Titel Zirkulation.
Schriften
Blå blusen - arbetarteater och offentlighet, 1978 (Abhandlung, Universität Uppsala)
Blå blusen - arbetarteater på 30-talet, 1978
Berättelsens gång, Kurzprosa, 1989
Tror du på denna historia? Kurzprosa, 1992
Trädgården (Der Garten), 1995, (Ein Roman mit Carl von Linné in der Hauptrolle, übersetzt ins Russische unter dem Titel Сад sowie ins Polnische unter dem Titel Ogród)
Der Garten. Deutsch von Benedikt Grabinski. Edition Rugerup, Hörby 2013, ISBN 978-3-942955-35-5.
Den inre teatern: filosofiska dialoger 1986-1996, Magnus Florin & Bo Göranzon (red.), 1996.
Syskonen (Die Geschwister), Roman, 1998.
Köra och vända: Strindbergs efterlämnade papper, hrsg. von Magnus Florin och Ulf Olsson, 1999.
Cirkulation (Zirkulation), Roman, 2001.
Zirkulation. Deutsch von Benedikt Grabinski. Edition Rugerup, Hörby 2014, ISBN 978-3-942955-45-4.
Leendet (Das Lächeln), Roman, 2005.
Ränderna (Die Ränder), Roman, 2010.
Auszeichnungen
Romanpreis des Schwedischen Radios 1999 für „Syskonen“
Doblougpreis 2001
Aniara-Preis 2006
De Nios Winterpreis 2011
Weblinks
Einzelnachweise
Autor
Literatur (Schwedisch)
Dramaturg
Schwede
Geboren 1955
Mann | 32,947 |
https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%20%28%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%20%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Сораджо (Реджо Эмилия) | https://ce.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Сораджо (Реджо Эмилия)&action=history | Chechen | Spoken | 95 | 262 | Сораджо () — Италин Эмилия-Романья регионан коммунера эвла.
Географи
Климат
Кхузахь климат йу Лаьттайуккъера хӀордан, барамехь йекъа а, йовха, Ӏа шийла ца хуьйла.
Бахархой
Билгалдахарш
Литература
Gino Moliterno, ур. (2003). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge; Routledge World Reference. ISBN 0415285569.
Catherine B. Avery, ур. (1972). The New Century Italian Renaissance Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0136120512.
Итали // Итали — Кваркуш. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1973. — (Большая советская энциклопедия : [в 30 т.] / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров ; 1969—1978, т. 11).
Эмилия-Романья регионан нах беха меттигаш
Италин нах беха меттигаш | 30,635 |
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunou-le-Faucon | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Aunou-le-Faucon | https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aunou-le-Faucon&action=history | Asturian | Spoken | 29 | 76 | Aunou-le-Faucon ye una comuña francesa del departamentu d'Orne, na rexón de Normandía. Llenda con .
Tien una población de y una superficie de km².
Referencies
Enllaces esternos
Comuñes d'Orne | 49,705 |
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%85%8C%EB%A5%B4%20%EB%A7%88%EC%84%BC%20%28%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 페테르 마센 (공학자) | https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=페테르 마센 (공학자)&action=history | Korean | Spoken | 67 | 322 | 페테르 랑키에르 마센(, 1971년 1월 12일 ~ )은 덴마크의 항공우주공학 발명가, 잠수선 설계자, 기업인이다. 세계 유일의 유인 아마추어 우주 계획인 코펜하겐 준궤도의 공동 창업자이며, 로켓 마드슨 스페이스랩의 창업자 겸 대표 이사를 역임했다.
2017년 스웨덴 출신의 여자 언론인인 킴 발 살인 사건의 용의자로 체포되었다. 2017년 7월부터 수사가 진행되었으며 2018년 4월 25일 코펜하겐 법원으로부터 종신형을 선고받았다.
1971년 출생
살아있는 사람
덴마크의 발명가
덴마크의 살인자
덴마크의 기업인
항공우주공학자
로켓공학자
조선기술자 | 3,849 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/46959785 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Sara Liu - MSFT, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6593065, https://stackoverflow.com/users/980550, lurker | English | Spoken | 797 | 1,219 | Unable to run Visual Studio Community 2017 on Windows 10 Enterprise
I went through a very long installation process to install Visual Studio Community 2017 on Windows 10 Enterprise (1607). But when I attempt to run Visual Studio after the installation and the requested reboot, I get the normal Visual Studio banner momentarily, about a second or so, then it goes away and a few seconds later I get an error dialog stating:
Could not start visual studio due to an error.
System.InvalidOperationException:
Controller is not responding to incoming requests.
I completely uninstalled and tried reinstalling and see the same error. I also ran Visual Studio Installer and selected "repair" which took a long time doing something, then said it finished. But the same problem persists.
Anyone else seen this and know of a solution? I've done quite a bit of Googling but haven't found a solution.
Did you meet any error message during VS installation? Please have a try 1. Run VS as admin 2. Run VS with safe mode 3. Clean up the folder %LocalAppData%\Microsoft\VisualStudio\15.0_xxxx 4. Perform a clean boot https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/929135/how-to-perform-a-clean-boot-in-windows to test. If this issue persists, run devenv /log to collect the activity file and share it.
@Sara-MSFT I did not get any error messages at all other than the one I posted. Installation appeared to go 100% smoothly. I will try the suggestions you made and report back.
@Sara-MSFT running as administrator, VS runs. After that, I was able to run it as a normal user. But when I tried to create a WPF project, and when it gets to the "loading designer..." screen, it crashes with an unhandled exception: System.Runtime.Remoting.RemotingException and Failed to read from IPC Port: The pipe has been ended.. If I run as administrator, this problem does not occur. But as a normal user, it continues to occur.
Did you install the VS using the admin user or normal user, or it installed on the system driver C:? You can have a try with clean up the cache folder C:\Users\v-yuliu1\AppData\Local\Microsoft\VisualStudio\15.0_xxxx\Designer
@Sara-MSFT I tried installing as normal user, but it prompted for Admin credentials. I am doing this on my work PC which doesn't allow normal users as admin, but has a program for elevating privileges for installs. So I ran the install with elevated privileges. This worked for me on Windows 7. But when my client PC was changed to Windows 10, then I ran into this issue. Target for installation is all default, so drive C:. I'll try cleaning the cache folder.
@Sara-MSFT I cleaned out the cache folder that you suggested, but I still observe the same problem.
Do you mean you perform the same installation process on your work PC (win 7) and client PC(Win 10), only the client PC meet this issue? To install and modify the VS installation, we need to use the admin permission: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/user-permissions-and-visual-studio, please run this tool: https://support.microsoft.com/en-sg/help/17588/fix-problems-that-block-programs-from-being-installed-or-removed and repair the VS 2017 on the computer that has this issue to have a try.
@Sara-MSFT Sorry for my confusing comment. I meant to say that I ran exactly the same installation procedure (using a program that elevates privileges) on a Windows 7 client and had not issue. On my Windows 10 client, I ran into this issue. Attempting to install as a user prompts for admin credentials. I don't have them, but have a tool (Defendpoint) for elevated privileges to install a program, so I used that to do the installation. Unfortunately, I can't seem to run the linked tool with Defendpoint since it's a cab file and not technically an executable (msi or exe).
Do you have the administrator account on the Win 10 client computer? Please try to uninstall the VS 2017: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/install/uninstall-visual-studio and then sign in with the administrator account to re-install it, it can help us to check if the account permission causes this issue.
@Sara-MSFT I do not have an administrator account. I only have the program that allows me to run an installation with elevated privileges.
@Sara-MSFT I finally got it working properly. I went through your links and first ran the VS installer program with elevated privileges and did the uninstall from there. Then I did another uninstall from the Defendpoint add/remove programs (since it didn't know it was completely uninstalled, having done it independently). I checked cache folders after that to make sure there were none around and rebooted. After rebooting, I reinstalled using Defendpoint elevated privileges. This time, I chose default settings for install packages. That all went fine and it works.
I'm so glad to hear that your issue is solved, please add a reply with your solution and mark it, then will help other community members who meet the same or similar issue to easier search this helpful information, thanks.
| 14,038 |
https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A4%20%28%D4%B5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%BA%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AB%20%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BC%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Ալիքենդ (Ելիզավետպոլի գավառ) | https://hy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ալիքենդ (Ելիզավետպոլի գավառ)&action=history | Armenian | Spoken | 28 | 163 | Ալիքենդ, գյուղ Արևելյան Հայաստանի Ելիզավետպոլի նահանգի Ելիզավետպոլի գավառում։
Բնակչություն
1908 թվականին գյուղն ունեցել է 317 կովկասի թաթար բնակիչ։
Տես նաև
Ելիզավետպոլի նահանգի հայաբնակ բնակավայրեր
Ծանոթագրություններ
Արևելյան Հայաստանի գյուղեր | 4,351 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravioli | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Ravioli | https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ravioli&action=history | Spanish | Spoken | 1,338 | 2,352 | Ravioli (del italiano raviolo, plural ravioli), raviol (en los países del Río de la Plata) o raviole (en Francia), es el nombre de un tipo de pasta rellena realizada con diferentes ingredientes y generalmente replegada en forma cuadrada. Se acompañan de algún tipo de salsa, en especial de tomate (similar al ragú), tucos, pesto (salsa a base de albahaca) o crema.
En Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, México, Paraguay, Perú y Uruguay se los llama en plural 'ravioles', en Venezuela permanece invariable en plural: 'los ravioli' y en España y Colombia, 'raviolis'.
Historia
Una de las leyendas más difundidas (surgida en Estados Unidos en la década de 1930) sugiere que fueron llevados a Italia desde China por Marco Polo, quien habría conocido los «ravioli chinos» llamados jiaozi o —en todo caso— las preparaciones llamadas wontón. Esta leyenda ha sido ampliamente refutada dado que, históricamente, los ravioli están documentados en la gastronomía del norte de Italia desde antes que el mismo Polo naciera. Un documento suscrito por el monje Guillermo de Maleval, hace mención de una pasta que sería antecedente de los ravioli actuales, es decir, que se trata de una especialidad propia de la Toscana o la Liguria medievales.
La fuente más antigua mencionando un término equivalente a la actual palabra italiana "ravioli" - bajo la forma latinizada de rafiolos - y equiparable a una tipología de pasta rellena, nos llega de un pergamino manuscrito que data del año 1187, encontrado en la ciudad de Bergamo y actualmente conservado en el Archivo Histórico Diocesano de la misma, en el cual se habla de un banquete que cada año se realizaba después de Pascua entre los canónigos de la catedral de San Alejandro, y entre cuyos alimentos figuraban: «[...] multones et vinum et panem et farinam et ova ad faciendum rafiolos et piper et salem et ligna».
Una posterior mención relacionable al término ravioli (singular italiano raviolo, y en francés raviole), en este caso más cercana a la palabra actual, podemos encontrarla en un documento eclesiástico francés de 1228 igualmente escrito en latín, en el que se menciona una mansión llamada La Raviole, y más exactamente: «viginti denarios in masura Johannis de Villeio, [...] et quatordecim in masura La Raviole, [...]», si bien, más allá de esto, en el mismo no hay referencias a ninguna tipología de alimento.
A partir del es posible encontrar varias referencias explícitas a los ravioli en diversos tratados y obras literarias, especialmente con el término italiano más arcaico de raviuoli (singular: raviuolo, forma todavía presente en diferentes dialectos italianos), como es el caso de una recopilación de sonetti realizada en la primera mitad del mismo siglo por el poeta florentino Antonio Pucci, el cual, en una de sus recopilaciones poéticas relativa a las escenas de vida popular entre las mujeres del Mercato Vecchio de Florencia, escribe textualmente: «[...] vendono uova con formaggio, per far degli erbolati, e delle torte, e raviuoli, ed altro di paraggio.» En la misma época también Boccaccio menciona a los ravioli (raviuoli), y más exactamente lo hace en un pasaje de su celebre Decameron en el cual, imaginando lo que podría haber hecho la gente en el mitológico Paese della Cuccagna, describe: «[...] una montagna di formaggio parmigiano grattugiato, sopra la quale stavan genti che niuna altra cosa facevano che far maccheroni e raviuoli e cuocergli in brodo di capponi, [...]».
Los ravioli típicamente italianos son, desde el , un plato muy conocido en prácticamente todo el planeta, aunque fuera de Italia han tomado «carta de ciudadanía» principalmente en Uruguay, en donde son una de las comidas más populares de la gastronomía. También en Argentina la masiva inmigración italiana popularizó este plato y, aunque Jorge Luis Borges dijo que la primera vez que comió ravioli fue cuando era niño —hacia 1905— al ser invitado por uno de sus amigos, la presencia del consumo popular de ravioli en el área rioplatense queda atestiguada ya de bastante antes por las Memorias de Lucio V. Mansilla, quien corrobora su consumo al menos desde 1880.
Por otra parte, la expresión «raviolada del domingo» alude a la costumbre de consumirlos en el almuerzo familiar de ese día, cuando rivalizan con otras pastas o el tradicional asado. Era común, durante el , cuando una familia edificaba por su propia cuenta su vivienda ofrecía como contraprestación ravioladas (ravioles caseros, servidos con tuco y abundante queso rallado) a los amigos y vecinos que les ayudaban..
En Costa Rica son también muy populares. De hecho, existe una versión criolla bastante frecuente, que puede hacerse también con pasta de canelones, y encontrarse en las típicas "sodas" y "cantinas", rellena con carne mechada, empanizada en cerveza y "arreglada" con ensalada de repollo y aderezos.
En Francia, los raviolis forman parte de la cocina tradicional de Niza, en la Costa Azul, y de las demás regiones cercanas a Italia, en el sureste de Francia. Hay muchas recetas de rellenos, pero una de las recetas más características de Niza y su región son los ravioli de daube (raviolis à la daube).
En la región histórica del Delfinado se producen desde el unos ravioli en miniatura llamados “ravioles du Dauphiné”; los cuales están rellenos con una mezcla de queso fresco, queso comté y perejil; se sirven como pasta o gratinado al horno.
Preparación
La preparación de los ravioli requiere de una pasta especial, no de una simple pasta al huevo, sino de una con bastante agua y relativamente poco huevo. Pese a su nombre (‘plegados’), modernamente los ravioli se hacen de un modo más rápido extendiendo sobre la mesa una lámina cuadrangular de la mencionada pasta y disponiendo sobre la misma el relleno de un modo regular; luego se cubre todo con una lámina semejante a la inferior y se fracciona con un elemento cortante (muchas veces una ruedecilla dentada giratoria) en los cuadrados que resultarán en los ravioli individuales. Una de las recetas más antiguas conocidas señala como ingredientes del relleno la borraja (ingrediente actualmente totalmente desaconsejado por sus efectos nocivos), la escarola, carne vacuna, leche cuajada, pasta de salchicha, queso parmesano y huevo de gallina.
Actualmente, los ravioli suelen estar rellenos de ricota, una especie de requesón (muy común en Italia, Argentina y Uruguay) y otros tipos de queso, espinaca, ortiga, carne, riñones, sesos, etcétera. Los vegetarianos han puesto de moda los ravioli rellenos de tofu. Una vez preparados, los ravioli se pueden guardar durante unos pocos días en un refrigerador.
Un tipo de salsa que los puede acompañar es la elaborada sobre la base de tomate, carne vacuna, romero, ajo y cebolla.
Afines
En la misma Italia existen otras pastas semejantes a los ravioli, aunque diferentes no sólo de nombre sino también de forma: entre estos los agnelotti o agnolotti (‘corderitos’) del Piamonte y los cappelletti (‘sombreritos’) oriundos de la Emilia-Romaña. También son similares los tarteletis y los sorrentinos rioplatenses. En otros países existen platos semejantes a los ravioli, como los jiaozi y los wontan o wantan chinos, los mantı turcos, los pelmeni rusos y los momos tibetanos.
En la terminología gastronómica francesa, los ravioli suelen ser incluidos en el conjunto de las llamadas boulettes (cierto tipo de albóndigas). De un modo semejante ocurre en la terminología gastronómica inglesa, donde los ravioli se incluyen en el conjunto de los dumplings (masas rellenas). En ambos casos, tal tipo de «clasificación culinaria» hace que los ravioli pasen a integrar un conjunto de platos en los cuales también están incluidos, bastante heterogéneamente, los dim sum chinos, los macha, las gyoza y takoyami japoneses, los kropkaka suecos, los maultasche alemanes, etcétera, aunque casi lo único común a tales preparaciones sea el hecho de la existencia del relleno en porciones discretas y la cocción en agua o al vapor.
Véase también
Dumpling
Pelmeni, o "ravioli" de la gastronomía del Este de Europa.
Referencias
Enlaces externos
Varias recetas de ravioli.
Una receta de ravioli rellenos de boletus en salsa de níscalos.
Catálogo general de ravioli de doble hoja.
Pastas de Italia
Dumplings
Pastas de Argentina
Pastas de Paraguay
Pastas de Uruguay
Palabras y frases en italiano
Pasta rellena | 26,659 |
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont-Canavese | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Pont-Canavese | https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pont-Canavese&action=history | Catalan | Spoken | 54 | 132 | Pont-Canavese (arpità Punt) és un municipi italià, situat a la ciutat metropolitana de Torí, a la regió del Piemont. L'any 2007 tenia 3.822 habitants. Està situat a la Vall d'Orco, una de les Valls arpitanes del Piemont. Limita amb els municipis d'Alpette, Chiesanuova, Cuorgnè, Frassinetto, Ingria, Ronco Canavese i Sparone.
Administració
Municipis de Torí | 38,235 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/66912138 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,021 | Stack Exchange | Abhishek Ghosh, Karl Knechtel, https://stackoverflow.com/users/523612, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7571421 | English | Spoken | 1,428 | 1,939 | What is the highest stage in compilation, where a "name" can be entered into the symbol table?
Below is an excerpt from the red dragon book.
The symbol-table entry itself can be set up when the role of a name becomes clear, with the attribute values being filled in as the information becomes available.
In some cases, the entry can be initiated from the lexical analyzer as soon as a name is seen in the input.
More often, one name may denote several different objects, perhaps even in the same block or procedure. For example, the C declarations:
int x;
struct x { float y, z; }; //(7.1)
use x as both an integer and as the tag of a structure with two fields. In such cases, the lexical analyzer can only return to the parser the name itself (or a pointer to the lexeme forming that name), rather than a pointer to the symbol-table entry.
The record in the symbol table is created when the syntactic role played by this name is discovered. For the declarations in (7.1), two symbol-table entries for x would be created; one with x as an integer and one as a structure.
In the introductory chapters of the text, I had learnt a technique, where the identifies were entered into the symbol table as when they were encountered by the lexical analyzer.( Similar to what is said in point 2 in the excerpt).
But what is said in point 3, I am unaware of it. It says that the entry shall be made only when the syntactic role of the declaration is made clear. In that case the name has to be entered only after the syntax analysis is completed.
But in doing SDT for adding types to the symbol table with grammars like this:
It was assumed that the lexeme entry is already present in the symbol table and we add type to it.
I am getting confused. If symbol table entries are to happen after syntax analysis then how can the SDT be integrated with the syntax analysis ?
"Please explain what this book excerpt means" is off-topic for Stack Overflow. This question is a better fit for a proper discussion forum, such as Reddit or Quora.
@KarlKnechtel probably my meaning in the question was not clear previously, Is it ok now?
I'll take on the particular case of C, since it's hard to answer questions about hypothetical situations in hypothetical languages. Still, the concrete issues raised by parsing C are probably indicative of the kind of strategy you might use to handle other concrete issues. In any event, much of the content of a textbook like the Dragon book (or any other text on compiler construction) needs to be read as an exploration of possibilities rather than as a recipe-book. If there were a few recipes which could be copied, the topic would be much less interesting.
Not counting macros (which are a totally different discussion), C has three general namespaces plus a namespace for each composite type (that is, structure and unions). These are listed in §6.2.3 of the C standard:
statement labels.
tags used to identify struct, union and enum types.
ordinary identifiers, which can be variable names or type aliases.
These namespaces are completely separate; the use of a name for a label or the tag of a union type does not have any relationship whatsoever with its use as a variable or a type alias, and neither of those have any relationship with the use of the same identifier token to name members of one or more aggregate types. Although it's very simple to decide which namespace a particular token should be looked up in, doing so requires a some context (quite a bit in the case of member names) and its not very likely that the work will be done in the lexical scanner. So it's reasonable to assume that the lexical scanner will intern identifiers in some kind of catalog of names (to avoid unnecessary copying of identifier strings), and leave it to the parser to use the identifier as it sees fit.
In most cases, the namespace can be almost immediately resolved, and the actual symbol table entry will be created in the appropriate syntax table through an attribute rule in a syntax production (or the moral equivalent in compilers which are not strictly syntax-driven).
For example, an aggregate tag always follows the token enum, struct or union in a type declaration, while a label is always followed by a : and a statement. The relevant productions are unambiguous and relatively low-level, and a newly-created identifier can easily be entered into the correct symbol table before any possibility of another use of the same identifier in the same namespace.
Here's a part of the C grammar:
type-specifier
: ... (lots of keywords like `int`, `double`, etc.)
| struct-or-union-specifier
| enum-specifier
| ...
struct-or-union-specifier
: struct-or-union identifier
| struct-or-union identifier '{' struct-declaration-list '}'
| struct-or-union '{' struct-declaration-list '}'
struct-or-union
: "struct"
| "union"
...
In order to correctly handle the identifier in the first two productions for struct-or-union-specifier, we need to look the identifier up in the symbol table for aggregate tags and set some attribute to that symbol table entry. We also need to deal with untagged struct and union types, which will also need a symbol table entry to hold data about the aggregate type. (Calling these symbol table entries is a bit misleading since untagged types are never actually entered into any symbol table but the other information about the type is the same whether or not the type is tagged, so it makes sense to keep it in a SymbolTableEntry data object.)
It's legal to use the aggregate tag as soon as it has been entered; in particular, as part of a declaration of a member in the struct-declaration-list. So we're going to need to look up or create the entry in the middle of the struct-declaration-list production, just before the { token. But there are lots of inherited attributes of this form, and there's nothing difficult about the operation. We just add an inherited attribute rule:
struct-or-union-specifier
: struct-or-union identifier
{ struct-or-union.entry := new_tag_symbol(identifier.string); }
'{' struct-declaration-list '}'
{ /* Attach the definitions in struct-declaration-list
to the aggregate type entry in struct-or-union.entry
*/
}
(The rule for untagged creates a new unnamed aggregate type instead of trying to enter the name in a symbol table, but the principle is no different.)
This will be very similar to the way labels are entered in the label symbol table (which is always scoped to the current function, unlike any other symbol table. I'm not going to complicate the outline with scopes, though.):
labeled-statement: identifier
{ labeled-statement.label := define_label_name(identifier.string); }
':' statement
It seems like we need to create the attribute in the middle of the rule, and I did that in the example above, because it's legal (although obviously bad style) for a statement to use its own label:
again: if (try() != SUCCEED) { goto again; }
However, it's not really required because C does not require that labels be declared before use. (In fact, it provides no mechanism for declaring a label without attaching it to a statement.) So the parser needs to be able to deal with as-yet-undefined labels anywhere a label is used. The most likely solution is to look up or enter the label into the label symbol table in an attribute rule for jump-statement.
None of that seems particularly complicated. I hope you agree.
What might be complicated is adding members to a newly-created aggregate type. The declarations of members don't look any different from the declaration of a local or global variable; the only difference is that the member declarations are parsed inside a struct-declaration-list. As shown above, the symbol table for the aggregate type has already been created (in new_tag_symbol), and is accessible through inheritance from the struct-declaration-list. How this chain of inherited attributes eventually arrives at the declaration is going to vary a lot from compiler to compiler, but the standard techniques for implementing inherited attribute chains will be applicable.
...that the lexical scanner will intern identifiers in some kind of catalog of names (to avoid unnecessary copying of identifier strings), and leave it to the parser to use the identifier as it sees fit. This is the most important line according to me and this along with the rest of the vivid explanation, really made my day. Thank you once again...None of that seems particularly complicated. Yes I agree :)
| 44,086 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24704844 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,014 | Stack Exchange | Andrew Marshall, Asclepius, Madison May, VonC, https://stackoverflow.com/users/116800, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1460123, https://stackoverflow.com/users/211563, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6309, https://stackoverflow.com/users/832230, rascalking | English | Spoken | 482 | 907 | Git - pack exceeds maximum allowed size
I'm working with a large number of binary files. After a recent change to a local git repo, I tried to push my changes back up to the remote, only to receive the following error.
remote: fatal: pack exceeds maximum allowed size
Unfortunately I can't use the strategy described here, since all the changes are contained in a single commit. Any suggestions? How can I get around this pack size restriction?
Is there a huge file involved? Or just a giant commit with lots of smaller files changed in it?
A lot of serialized files are generated on code modification and rerun (so one giant commit with lots of smaller files).
For GitHub, I would keep each push size below 2 GB. Also consider setting http.postBuffer to as high as 2000000000.
Does this answer your question? Github remote push pack size exceeded
A lot of serialized files are generated on code modification and rerun (so one giant commit with lots of smaller files)
That means you can split that huge commit in several smaller one.
A git reset HEAD~ will be enough to "un-commit" all the files.
then add a subset of the files, and commit
repeat for all the files
push a collection of commits.
Finally, modify your script (which by default adds and commit everything after that "serialized files" generation) in order to add and commit only a batch of files at a times (instead of everything).
Here is a solution (form another question, originally presented by @DanielHarding) that you can put into your .gitconfig and then invoke it with git partial-push origin branchname (where origin is your desired remote)
[alias]
partial-push = "!sh -c 'REMOTE=$0;BRANCH=$1;BATCH_SIZE=100; if git show-ref --quiet --verify refs/remotes/$REMOTE/$BRANCH; then range=$REMOTE/$BRANCH..HEAD; else range=HEAD; fi; n=$(git log --first-parent --format=format:x $range | wc -l); echo "Have to push $n packages in range of $range"; for i in $(seq $n -$BATCH_SIZE 1); do h=$(git log --first-parent --reverse --format=format:%H --skip $i -n1); echo "Pushing $h..."; git push $REMOTE ${h}:refs/heads/$BRANCH; done; git push $REMOTE HEAD:refs/heads/$BRANCH'"
What it basically does is take the range of the commits it needs to push and then goes and pushes them one by one. It can take quite some time, but in the end it will do the job - automatically.
Here is above oneliner with some spacing for easier readability:
[alias]
partial-push = "!sh -c
'REMOTE=$0;BRANCH=$1;BATCH_SIZE=100;
if git show-ref --quiet --verify refs/remotes/$REMOTE/$BRANCH; then
range=$REMOTE/$BRANCH..HEAD;
else
range=HEAD;
fi;
n=$(git log --first-parent --format=format:x $range | wc -l);
echo "Have to push $n packages in range of $range";
for i in $(seq $n -$BATCH_SIZE 1); do
h=$(git log --first-parent --reverse --format=format:%H --skip $i -n1);
echo "Pushing $h...";
git push $REMOTE ${h}:refs/heads/$BRANCH;
done;
git push $REMOTE HEAD:refs/heads/$BRANCH'
"
OP explicitly mentions that the changes are contained in a single commit, so breaking a push up into a smaller number of commits won't help.
| 25,639 |
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung%20Sungai%20Kerwin | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kampung Sungai Kerwin | https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampung Sungai Kerwin&action=history | Malay | Spoken | 50 | 134 | Kampung Sungai Kerwin merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Teluk Intan, dalam negeri Perak, iaitu sebuah negeri di Malaysia.
.
Kemudahan asas
Pendidikan
Tempat beribadat
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Sungai Kerwin, Teluk Intan, Perak ialah 36000.
Rujukan
Pautan luar
Lokasi Kampung Sungai Kerwin di Peta Google
Sungai Kerwin | 38,192 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battalion%20of%20Saints | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Battalion of Saints | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battalion of Saints&action=history | English | Spoken | 703 | 1,139 | Battalion of Saints was an American hardcore punk band from San Diego, California, that was founded in 1980.
History
The band went through numerous lineup changes before touring the United States and Canada from 1984–1985 with George Anthony, Chris Smith, James Cooper and Joey Wrecked (Maya). Half-way through the 1985 summer tour, the road manager Captain Scarlett (David Lloyd) replaced James Cooper on bass.
The band officially broke up in 1985. Singer George Anthony re-formed the band in 1995 with Terry "Tezz" Roberts (veteran of British punk bands Discharge, Broken Bones, and U.K. Subs) and signed with Taang! Records, which reissued most of their material on the Death-R-Us CD.
In late 1996, George Anthony formed a band of hard core San Diego DAGO misfits consisting of Jason Graham, Mike (wingnut) Clingerman and Richard G. White. The group recorded a cover of Alice Cooper's "Muscle of Love" and an original song, "I don't know (Hit the Bricks)" with Taang records. They then went on to tour of most of Europe.
Up till April 2012, the band was still playing shows in southern California with the lineup consisting of Mike Shock, Mike Monster and Gearbox. After that time, original founding member George Anthony decided to reform the group, bringing in John Hatfield on lead guitar, Thrashley on rhythm guitar, Matthew Vicknair on bass and Mike Vega on drums. With this lineup, songs that had not been included in the band's set list for years were added. After doing a number of local shows, the band did a short tour in the summer of 2012 up the West Coast with support act "13 Scars". The band has since played a steady run of shows, sharing the stage with bands such as D.I, Naked Aggression, Fang and Poison Idea.
In 2015, Thrashley left Battalion of Saints and the band returned to the classic four piece, single guitar sound. In mid 2015 the band released a self titled 7'-inch entitled "Southern Lord" with John Hatfield, Matt Vicknair, Mike Vega and George Anthony. John Hatfield left the band in late 2015 and Nathan Javier took his place. Originally tour packaged with Phobia and The Nomads, later this year the band toured the US. Both Phobia and The Nomads dropped the tour less than 24 hours before it started, leaving Battalion Of Saints as the sole remaining act. Nonetheless the band continued the tour solo, thus completing their first full US tour in decades.
In 2017, the band completed the three-month "If It Kills Us" USA tour with The Cryptics. This was the first tour with new drummer Tino Valpa along with fill in members Mike Avilez on bass and Steve Porter on Guitar.
In 2018, the band completed a three-week summer European tour of club shows and festivals including Rebellion Festival, Bloodstains Festival & Ieper Festival. George Anthony and Tino Valpa were joined by Mike Cantrell on guitar and Dylan DeCarlo on bass for this tour. This was the band's first overseas appearance since 1996.
Amidst internal conflict the band disbanded in 2019 with no warning or formality. Most members remain active in other projects.
Discography
Releases
Fighting Boys 12" (Nutron, 1982)
Second Coming 7" (Mystic, 1983)
Second Coming LP (Nutron, 1984)
Rock in Peace LP (Mystic, 1988)
Battalion of Saints A.D. 7" (Taang!, 1994)
Cuts CD (Taang!, 1996)
Muscle of Love 7" (Taang!, 1997)
Live at CBGB's LPCD (Punk Rock Records)
Self Titled 7" (Southern Lord, 2015)
Reissues
Death-R-Us CD (Taang!, includes all previous releases and compilation tracks except Second Coming 7")
Compilations
Meathouse tape (Version Sound, 1982): "Holy Vision", "Witchworld"
Someone Got Their Head Kicked In LP (BYO, 1982): "Beefmasters", "No More Lies", "Cops Are Out"
Eastern Front vol. 2 LP (Eastern Front/Enigma, 1982): "Fighting Boys"
Complete Discography 3xLP / 2xCD (Pine Hill Records, 2018)
Our Blow Out tape (Slow Death, 1983)
The Sound of Hollywood No. 2: Destroy L.A. LP (Mystic, 1983): "Sweaty Little Girls"
Super Seven Sampler LP (Mystic, 1987) "Second Coming"
Punk Rock Christmas CD (Cleopatra, 2015) "Jingle Bells"
Complete Discography 3xLP / 2xCD (Pine Hill Records, 2018)
References
External links
Official website
at Kill From the Heart
Battalion of Saints page at Discogs.com
Hardcore punk groups from California
Musical groups from San Diego | 38,672 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Laurentius | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Victor Laurentius | https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor Laurentius&action=history | Dutch | Spoken | 272 | 675 | Victor Laurentius (’s-Hertogenbosch, 27 december 1973) is een Nederlandse historicus, galeriehouder en publicist.
Laurentius is een zoon van kunsthandelaar Theo Laurentius en Catharina Oosterman. Hij groeide op op Landgoed Duivenvoorde te Voorschoten. Laurentius zat op het Nederlandsch Lyceum te Den Haag. Tussen 1993 en 1997 studeerde hij geschiedenis te Leiden. Laurentius was een aantal jaar werkzaam bij het Nederlandse Rode Kruis en schreef diverse boeken, onder andere over Engelandvaarder Peter Tazelaar.
Laurentius organiseerde exposities over onder andere de Val van Srebrenica, de Molukse Treinkapingen, de dichter Slauerhoff en de kunstbeweging After Nature.
Bibliografie
(2013) Nawoord in: Liaut, Jean-Noel (2013). De Javaanse : het turbulente leven van Toto Koopman : een biografie / vert. Ed van Eeden; nawoord Victor Laurentius. Uitgeverij Ad. Donker, Rotterdam. 191 p., 8 p.pl. ISBN 978-90-6100-678-7. Oorspr. uitg.: La Javanaise. Laffont, Paris, 2011. ISBN 978-2-221-11554-1.
(2009). De grote Tazelaar : ridder & rebel. Stichting Peter Tazelaar, Den Haag. 224 p. ISBN 978-90-813972-1-6. Biografie van Peter Tazelaar.
(2002). In Betuwse ballingschap : het verhaal van drie Molukse woonoorden. Arend Datema Instituut, Kesteren. VIII, 112 p. ISBN 90-806357-7-4. (Osenvorenreeks, ISSN 1573-5575, nr. 72).
(2001). Rijnlingewaal : een Betuwse coöperatie van 75 jaar. Arend Datema Instituut, Kesteren. X, 86 p. ISBN 90-806357-1-5. (Osenvorenreeks, ISSN 1573-5575, nr. 66). Uitg. t.g.v. het 75-jarig bestaan van de Rabobank Rijnlingewaal, i.s.m. de Historische Kring Kesteren en Omstreken.
(2000). De Betuwe in stelling : de ondergrondse, 1940-1945 & de stellingenoorlog en de evacuatie 1944-1945. Arend Datema Instituut, Kesteren. XI, 340 p. ISBN 90-801173-9-0. (Osenvorenreeks, ISSN 1573-5575, nr.65).
(1997). Seyss-Inquart : van Wenen tot Clingendael. Z.uitg., z.pl. 75 p. Doctoraalscriptie Vaderlandse geschiedenis, RU Leiden.
Nederlands schrijver
Nederlands historicus | 4,905 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70348812 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,021 | Stack Exchange | Philipp Sumi, https://stackoverflow.com/users/339793 | English | Spoken | 400 | 541 | RabbitMQ with many small queues to enforce sequential execution (pattern or anti-pattern)?
Hypothetical (but simpler) scenario:
I have many orders in my system.
I have external triggers that affect those orders (e.g. webhooks). They may occur in parallel, and are handled by different instances in my cluster.
In the scope of a single order, I would like to make sure that those events are processed in sequential order to avoid race conditions, version conflicts etc.
Events for different orders can (and should) be processed in parallel
I'm currently toying with the idea of leveraging RabbitMQ with a setup similar to this:
use a queue for each order (create on the fly)
if an event occurs, put it in that queue
Those queues would be short-lived, so I wouldn't end up with millions of them, but it should scale anyway (let's say lower one-digit thousands if the project grows substantially). Question is whether that's an absolute anti-pattern as far as RabbitMQ (or similar) systems goes, or if there's better solutions to ensure sequential execution anyway.
Thanks!
In my opinion creating ephemeral queues might not be a great idea as there will considerable overhead of creating and delete queues. The focus should be on message consumption. I can think of following solutions:
You can limit the number of queues by building publishing strategy like all orders with orderId divisible by 2 goes to queue-1, divisible by 3 goes to queue-2 and so forth. That will give you parallel throughput as well as finite number queues but there is some additional publisher logic you have to handle
The same logic can be transferred to consumer side by using single pub-sub style queue and then onus lies on consumer to filter unwanted orderIds
If you are happy to explore other technologies, you can look into Kafka as well where you can use orderId as partitionKey and use multiple partitions to gain parallel throughput.
This is good input, thanks! The fixed # of queues is an option I considered since it would still scale by means of configuration, but I would still come with a penalty. I might be able to further reduce that with a scheduler on the consumer side though (triggers parallel processing for the next message if the previous one(s) weren't for the same order, otherwise wait).
I currently don't know much about Kafka, but I'll read up on that. Thank you!
| 23,362 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63452633 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,020 | Stack Exchange | JosanSun, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5459839, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7587493, trincot | English | Spoken | 786 | 1,144 | Is the LL Rotation a single left Rotation or a single right Rotation?
As this for example,
In this post, it says the LL Rotation is a single left Rotation.
https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/avl-tree-insertion-rotation-and-balance-factor/
However, from the wiki of tree rotation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_rotation, I think that is a single right Rotation?
What is more, I also see,
https://www.codingeek.com/data-structure/avl-tree-introduction-to-rotations-and-its-implementation/. This says it is a RR Rotation and it is a single right Rotation?
I am confused for the different opinions. Can anyone tell me the truth for the above picture?
Is it a LL Rotation?
Is it a single left rotation or a single right rotation?
First of all, all the referenced websites agree that the depicted example represents a single right rotation.
You write:
As this for example, LL tree rotation
In this post, it says the LL Rotation is a single left Rotation https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/avl-tree-insertion-rotation-and-balance-factor/
Indeed, although there is no ambiguity for what the terms "left rotation" and "right rotation" mean, there seem to be two contradictory interpretations floating around for what "LL rotation" and "RR rotation" stand for.
However, from the wiki of tree rotation, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_rotation, I think that is a single right Rotation?
Well the Wikipedia article does not use the term "LL rotation". But it does also agree that the depicted example represents a right rotation. There is so far no ambiguity for the terms "left rotation" and "right rotation".
Can anyone tell me the truth for the above picture?
Like all those sites explain: it is a single right rotation.
LL, RR
The ambiguity arises in the use of the terms "LL rotation" and "RR rotation":
The acronyms "LL" and "RR" make more sense in describing the imbalance before any rotation is performed. The Wikipedia article categorises imbalanced trees in 4 categories (4 columns):
In each column you see the original state at the top, and then below it the result of the rotation(s) that should be performed to bring the tree in balance.
So for a tree in the Left Left case, we need a right rotation. And for a tree in the Right Right case we need a left rotation.
The following notes of an ICS course at University of California, Irvine, explain where the letters LL, RR, LR, RL come from:
The rotation is chosen considering the two links along the path below the node where the imbalance is, heading back down toward where you inserted a node. (If you were wondering where the names LL, RR, LR, and RL come from, this is the answer to that mystery.)
If the two links are both to the left, perform an LL rotation rooted where the imbalance is.
If the two links are both to the right, perform an RR rotation rooted where the imbalance is.
If the first link is to the left and the second is to the right, perform an LR rotation rooted where the imbalance is.
If the first link is to the right and the second is to the left, perform an RL rotation rooted where the imbalance is.
But I feel speaking of LL rotation can trigger confusion, as here we see that the double LL describes the imbalance of the original state, and does not describe the action. It would have been cleaner to speak of an LL state (or imbalance) and then name the resolving action a "right rotation". With that in mind, I think the Wikipedia article takes a good position, as it avoids the term "LL rotation".
This misunderstanding does not arise with LR and RL rotations. You can say that the initial state is LR (the imbalance was caused by giving a left leaf a right child), and you can also say that first a left rotation is needed, and then a right rotation. In both cases the abbreviation LR makes sense. So no ambiguity there.
Conclusion
The terms left rotation and right rotation are clear.
There are different traditions for which of these rotations to call an LL or RR rotation. In my opinion we should avoid talking about "LL rotation" or "RR rotation", as these letters do not describe the act of the rotation, but the initial state. It is better to speak of the "LL case" or "LL imbalance".
With those terms we can say:
A tree with an LL imbalance needs a right rotation
A tree with a RR imbalance needs a left rotation
Thank for your answer. But I still have the question. As you said, this case is RR rotation. But the below post, https://www.javatpoint.com/ll-rotation-in-avl-tree, clearly, it said it is LL rotation.
I rewrote my answer. Upvoted your question, as I underestimated it at first.
Thank you for your research on these concepts. That is really helpful.
| 29,487 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skiffersydhake | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Skiffersydhake | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skiffersydhake&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 97 | 250 | Skiffersydhake (Peneothello cyanus) är en fågel i familjen sydhakar inom ordningen tättingar.
Utbredning och systematik
Skiffersydhake delas in i tre underarter:
P. c. cyanus – förekommer på nordvästra Nya Guinea, (Vogelkop Mountains)
P. c. atricapilla – förekommer i bergstrakter på nordöstra och centrala Nya Guinea
P. c. subcyana – förekommer i centrala höglanderna och bergstrakter på sydöstra Nya Guinea och Huonhalvön
Status
Arten har ett stort utbredningsområde och beståndet anses vara stabilt. Internationella naturvårdsunionen IUCN listar den därför som livskraftig (LC).
Referenser
Externa länkar
Läten på xeno-canto.org
Sydhakar
Fåglar i australiska regionen
Endemiska fågelarter på Nya Guinea | 47,886 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12393077 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,012 | Stack Exchange | Ankur Shah, Matthew Adams, Normal, Travis Webb, https://stackoverflow.com/users/18387350, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2558803, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2684304, https://stackoverflow.com/users/291180, https://stackoverflow.com/users/969237, srobinson | English | Spoken | 255 | 386 | Mongoose Alternative?
Is there a Mongoose alternative for MongoDB as when I use it in WebMatrix 2, it seems to cause it to crash all the time, but I really like the idea of mongoose, so is there an alternative around?
You can also try waterline, which has been seeing a lot of development lately. Make sure you use the MongoDb adapter.
waterline and sails.js +1
In waterline, one cannot make use of nested fields, you can only assign an id as a foreign key from another collection document ! it is that difference which pained me a lot ! The style of waterline is more of table based database like mysql !
@AnkurShah, which is better in almost 90% of the scenarios
@Normal its not a percentage game! It depends on the type of project, i.e., the kind of queries you make and the size and processing it needs! Always work according to space & time complexity! Or simply try whatever you can, if it works then its fine!
Disclosure: I'm the creator of Camo.
I'd suggest Camo, which is a class-based ES6 ODM for Mongo.
Some features:
ES6 based (classes, promises, generators/iterators, etc)
Supports NeDB, which is the SQLite-equivalent for Mongo
Simple schema inheritance
Is Camo a dead project? Not seeing much activity in 2017, @srobinson...
@MatthewAdams you're right that there hasn't been much activity. I just haven't had the time. Looking to find someone to help maintain, which I'll be updating the README to advertise this soon
Thanks for letting everyone know!
| 47,835 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34721134 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Chris Tsui, Karthik Raj Palanichamy, Matteo Italia, MikeMB, Neijwiert, Tsyvarev, https://stackoverflow.com/users/214671, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2638191, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2857238, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2881849, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3254536, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3440745 | English | Spoken | 609 | 825 | How to create light weight kernel thread?
When I create a kernel thread (kthread_run), it becomes a new process.(I could see it using top command) . How can I create a light weight kernel thread(like the one we have in user space)?
If I am not wrong, kthread_create will eventually call fork() which will call clone() with appropriate configuration to create a new process/lw process. Is it possible to create lw kernel thread using clone() or similar apis? Thanks so much in advance.
@Neijwiert: If I'm not mistaken, kernel threads and posix threads are two completely different concepts, so I'm not sure if that would help Karthik
@MikeMB I'm also unsure what OP wants, since he/she is asking "like the one we have in user space"
I am writing 16 kernel modules in which I need to create two threads each. I don't want kernel to list these threads as processes. Like new processes are not created for user threads, I want to achieve similar behavior for kernel threads too. Please get back if I am not understandable
Like new processes are not created for user threads - If by user threads you assume pthreads, then you are mistaken: in Linux pthreads are created with clone, that is every pthread is actually based on the process(or task, as noted by Matteo Italia below). Of course, parameters for clone are differ for fork() and for pthread_create(). If you mean by user threads something else, then, please, clarify.
The threads you have "in user space" on any recent Linux machine I know of are made exactly like those you describe in kernel space - they create a new "task" which shares most of the resources (address space, file table, ...) with the parent. IOW, on Linux processes and threads are handled in the same way by the kernel - they are "tasks" (schedulable entities) with some associated resources, which may (threads) or may not (processes) be shared with other tasks.
Kernel threads are always listed in the process table, but this is merely a cosmetical issue. They share the same address space and *-tables, so in this sense they are quite lightweight anyway (i.e. a context-switch isn't very expensive).
If your 2*16 kernel-threads mainly do the same thing, it might be worthy evaluating if the functionality can be moved into a seperate kernel-module, which exposes an API to be used by all 16 kernel-modules and doing the work in only 1 or 2 threads.
Lightweight threads in user space are just a group of processes(or tasks) share the same address space and many other resource. Also, lightweight thread is created faster than a normal process. Linux uses 1 to 1 mapping model, that is, every thread in user space is implemented as a separate process in kernel space.
In Linux, Kernel thread is a process which does not have a valid user space. They are scheduled as normal process, but never enter user land.
So, the answer is that when you understand the meaning of lightweight, you will know that there isn't lightweight kernel thread at all. All kernel threads share the same kernel space address naturally.
Also, top is just a user program, weather appear in top output does not really reflect the nature of the underlying kernel implementation.
as far as I know, kernel does not know even how many threads does a process have. User level threading has nothing to do with the kernel and that's why a blocking thread affects all other threads.- referred some websites and they say the same.
@Karthik, no, kernel knows everything. tid is for thread id and pid for process id. http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4517301/difference-between-pid-and-tid
| 12,226 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Crosas | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Marc Crosas | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marc Crosas&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 151 | 282 |
Carriera
Ha fatto il suo debutto in prima squadra nella stagione 2006-07 in Copa del Rey, dove ha sostituito Andrés Iniesta al 76º. Era tra i giocatori che hanno partecipato al Mondiale per club svoltosi alla fine del 2006 in Giappone.
L'11 gennaio 2008 arriva l'ufficialità del suo passaggio in prestito all'Olympique Lyonnais. Al rientro alla base blaugrana nell'estate del 2008, precisamente il 10 agosto, viene ceduto al Celtic, club con il quale firma un contratto quadriennale. Crosas è stato trasferito dal Celtic al Volga, nel febbraio 2011, firmando un contratto fino al dicembre 2014. Il 15 gennaio 2012 viene ceduto al club messicano del Santos Laguna. Il 1º luglio 2015 passa a titolo gratuito al Cruz Azul che l'anno successivo lo cede in prestito a partire dal 1º luglio 2016 al Tenerife.
Palmarès
Club
Competizioni nazionali
Lione: 2007-2008
Lione: 2008
Celtic: 2008-2009
Santos Laguna: Clausura 2012
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni | 9,666 |
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%81%D8%B1%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | الحفر والتفجير | https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=الحفر والتفجير&action=history | Arabic | Spoken | 306 | 999 | الحفر والتفجير هو الاستخدام المسيطر عليه للمتفجرات وغيرها من الأساليب مثل التفجير بضغط الغاز، لكسر الصخور للحفر . يتم استخدام هذه الطريقة في الغالب في مجالات التعدين واستخراج الحجارة والهندسة المدنية مثل السد أو النفق أو بناء الطرق. تُعرف نتيجة الانفجار بقطع الصخور .
يستخدم الحفر والتفجير حاليًا العديد من أنواع المتفجرات المختلفة ذات تركيبات وخصائص أداء مختلفة. تُستخدم المتفجرات عالية السرعة في الصخور الصلبة نسبيًا من أجل تحطيم الصخور وكسرها، في حين يتم استخدام المتفجرات منخفضة السرعة في الصخور الأقل قسوة لتوليد المزيد من ضغط الغاز ولتأثير أكبر. على سبيل المثال، بمقارنة دليل التفجير في أوائل القرن العشرين بتأثيرات المسحوق الأسود وآثار الأوتاد والديناميت مع تأثير المطرقة. أكثر المتفجرات المستخدمة شيوعًا في التعدين اليوم هي خلائط تعتمد على نترات الأمونيوم وزيت الوقود (نازو) في تركيبها بسبب تكلفة أقل من الديناميت .
الطريقة
كما يوحي الاسم، أعمال الحفر والتفجير تكون كالتالي:
يتم حفر عدد من الثقوب في الصخر، والتي تملئ بعد ذلك بالمتفجرات.
يؤدي تفجير المتفجرات إلى انهيار الصخور.
تتم إزالة الأنقاض وتسليح سطح النفق الجديد.
تكرر هذه الخطوات حتى اكتمال الحفر المطلوب.
أثناء العملية، يمكن استخدام حصائر التفجير لاحتواء الانفجار، وتقليل الغبار والضوضاء، لمنع الصخور المتطايرة وأحيانًا لتوجيه الانفجار.
تدعيم الصخور
مع تقدم النفق أو التنقيب، يجب تدعيم الأسطح والجدران الجانبية لإيقاف سقوط الصخور في الحفريات. تختلف فلسفة وأساليب دعم الصخور على نطاق واسع ولكن يمكن أن تشمل أنظمة تدعيم الصخور التقليدية:
مسامير الصخور الصخور أو المسامير الصخرية
الخرسانة المقذوفة
الأضلاع أو أقواس التعدين والتخلف
براغي الكابل
كونكريت في الموقع
صور
انظر أيضا
تقويض المباني
تعدين صغير النطاق
المراجع
روابط خارجية
"Air Curtain Fences Blast" Popular Mechanics ، August 1954، pp. 96-97 ، الانفجار الخاضع للسيطرة في عام 1954 لربط الخزانين في محطة كهرباء شلالات نياغارا الكندية.
"Blasting" . موسوعة بريتانيكا . 4 (11th ed.). 1911. ص. 44-48. هذا مسح شامل للتقنيات المستخدمة في أوائل القرن العشرين.
بناء الأنفاق
تعدين
تقنيات التعدين
متفجرات
هندسة مدنية | 20,487 |
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portomu%C3%AD%C3%B1o%2C%20Santa%20Locaia%2C%20Castro%20de%20Rei | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Portomuíño, Santa Locaia, Castro de Rei | https://gl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portomuíño, Santa Locaia, Castro de Rei&action=history | Galician | Spoken | 52 | 102 | Portomuíño é un lugar da parroquia de Santa Locaia no concello lugués de Castro de Rei na comarca da Terra Chá. Segundo o IGE, en 2019 tiña 14 habitantes (7 homes e 7 mulleres).
Lugares e parroquias
Lugares de Santa Locaia
Parroquias de Castro de Rei
Notas
Lugares de Castro de Rei | 132 |
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglekt%20szindr%C3%B3ma | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Neglekt szindróma | https://hu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neglekt szindróma&action=history | Hungarian | Spoken | 1,748 | 4,652 | A neglekt-szindróma az angol neglect szóból származó kifejezés. A tér jobb vagy bal felén elhelyezkedő tárgyak vagy események észre nem vétele, illetve az arra irányuló testmozdulatok (törzs, fej, szem) kiesése anélkül, hogy az érzékszervek sérülést szenvedtek volna. (Fröhlich, 1996)
A neglekt bemutatása
A neglekt-szindróma vagy más néven hemiagnózia vagy hemineglekt egy olyan magatartási szindróma, amely az agy egyik féltekéjének károsodása után bekövetkező, a tér egy oldalának érzékelésében észlelhető deficit.
„A vizuális neglekt lényege, hogy egy adott helynek a térbeli kerethez viszonyított megítélése sérül, a tér adott területén megjelenő tárgyak tudatos feldolgozása nem történik meg.” (Csépe, 2005)
A betegek mozgása, illetve érzékelése nem szenved zavart, hiszen nincsenek tudatában, hogy a tér vagy a testük egyik oldala tulajdonképpen „hiányzik”. Például a látóterületeik teljesen épek lehetnek. Tehát képesek lehetnek észlelni egy kiemelkedő, fényes dolgot az elhanyagolt oldalukon, ha azt felvillantják egy sötét háttér előtt. Bár nem vakok, a páciensek mégis képtelenek, hogy ugyanazokról a stimulusokról beszámoljanak, ha azt már egy zavaros háttér előtt mutatják. A neglekt hátterében mindig kérgi sérülés húzódik. A bal oldal elhanyagolása mögött a jobb oldali hátsó parietális lebeny sérülése áll. A perszonális (egocentrikus – testfelszín) és extraperszonális (allocentrikus – körülöttünk befogott terület) tér különbözteti meg az egészséges és a sérült területeket. Vagyis a neglekt helyzete nem a szemek mozgásától függ. Egészséges embereknél az egocentrikus és allocentrikus pozíció összefügg, azonban a negligált és az egészséges terület határa nem éles.
Neglekt során a látás tudata a sérüléssel ellentétes téri oldalon is megmarad, de az itt levő ingerek észlelése nehézségekbe ütközik. A neglekt különböző mértékű lehet az enyhe elhanyagolástól a tudomásul nem vételen át egészen a testsémáról való leválásig. Egyes betegek a neglekt kevésbé súlyos fajtájával élnek, így náluk a sérüléssel kontralaterális látótér észlelése csak részben szűnt meg. Azonban az ő esetükben a sérült látótérben megjelenő inger észlelése jóval rosszabb, hogyha egyszerre kell figyelniük egy, az egészséges látótérben felbukkanó ingerre is. A neglekt nem csak vizuális deficit: egyszerre több modalitásban is kárt okozhat. Például a betegeknek az elhanyagolt térfélen történő eseményekre való visszaemlékezés sem könnyű. (Csathó, 2008)
Több megnyilvánulási formája van: az első, amikor a beteg a tér egyik oldalát hanyagolja el; szenzoros, amikor a neglektes oldal tapintási, illetve fájdalom-információit nem veszi figyelembe; és a motoros, amikor a negligált oldalon lévő testrészeket a sérült csak ritkán vagy egyáltalán nem, illetve felszólításra alkalmazza. (Pajkossy, 2008) Nem ritka a tekintetbénulás sem. Ha megkérik, hogy nézzenek a negligált térfél felé, akkor hajlandóak rá, azonban ösztönösen maguktól nem néznének arra. (Karádi, 2008)
Szélsőséges esetekben az érintettek úgy viselkednek, mintha a tér vagy a test megfelelő dimenziója nem is létezne. A sérültek a lézióval ellentétes oldali testfelüket figyelmen kívül hagyják, azaz nem vesznek róla tudomást. A negligált oldalról jövő akusztikus és vizuális ingerekre nem reagálnak, vagy úgy érzékelik, mintha az egészséges oldalon lévő térből jöttek volna. Gyakran nem válaszolnak a bal oldalukon lévő embernek, illetve nem ritkák a balesetek sem (például nekiütköznek a bal oldalon lévő dolgoknak), gyakran eltévednek. (Pajkossy, 2008) A testsémáról való leválás miatt csak a nem hiányzó oldalon borotválkoznak vagy sminkelnek. Tisztálkodásnál csak az egyik oldalukat mossák meg. Egyesek az öltözködéssel is bajban vannak (például a sérüléssel kontralaterális oldalon lévő lábukra nem húznak zoknit és cipőt). Nem érzik sajátjuknak végtagjaikat. Extrém esetekben olyannyira idegennek érzik, hogy megpróbálnak tőle megszabadulni.
1985-ben Oliver Sacks jellemzett egy olyan beteget, aki nem tudott kiszállni az ágyból, mert a saját lábáról azt hitte, hogy az egy tetem lába, amelyet az ápolók rejtettek oda. A betegek olyanokat is mondtak, hogy: „Nem tudom, kié ez a kéz, de levette a gyűrűmet.”, vagy „Ez egy műkar, amit valaki rám tett! Elküldtem a lányomat, hogy keresse meg az igazi karomat.”
Egyes esetekben a beteg nem eszi meg a tányérja azon oldaláról az ételt, amelyik a negligált térfélen van, pedig még éhes.
Egy másik tanulmánynál egy sértetlen ház és egy bal oldalán lángoló ház képeit mutatták a neglekteseknek, majd megkérdezték, hogy melyikben laknának szívesebben. A betegek legtöbb esetben a sértetlen házat választották, pedig előtte nem számoltak be arról, hogy látták volna a lángokat a másik házon.
A féloldali téri neglekt leggyakrabban előforduló tünete a rajzok kivitelezésében figyelhető meg, illetve írásnál és olvasásnál. Különféle feladatok és tesztek állnak az orvosok rendelkezésére a neglekt vizsgálatához. Rajz másoltatásánál az egyszerű ábrákat (síkidomok, fa, virág, ház) általában jól megoldották a sérültek. Bár egyes dolgoknál általában hiányzik az ábra egyik oldala. Például az óra rajzolásánál csak az egyik felét rajzolják le (mondjuk déltől hatig), vagy az összes számot csak az egyik oldalra zsúfolják, a másik oldal eltorzult vagy üres lesz. Emberábrázolásnál gyakran hiányzik a test egyik oldala, illetve befejezetlen. Ha szemből kell lerajzolniuk egy arcot, akkor általában nem jelentkeznek a neglekt tünetei, minden a helyén van. Viszont profilból való rajzolásnál az arc szétcsúszik, az orr, a száj és a szem rossz helyen vannak.
Olvasásnál a „rossz” oldalra eső szavakat nem olvassák el, az összetett szavaknak is csak az egyik oldalát veszik tudomásul (például a kertész szónál csak az ész szót mondják).
Más esetben megkérik a beteget, hogy jellemezzen valamit, amit már a sérülés előtt is ismert. Azonban nem tudja felidézni a negligált térben levő oldalt, viszont ha az ellenkező irányból szemléli, akkor azt az oldalt nem ismeri fel, amit azelőtt jellemzett, és az azelőtt fel nem ismert oldalt tudja majd leírni. Ebből az derül ki, hogy a tárgy mindkét oldalának ismertetői megvannak a páciens emlékezetében, csupán a neglekt miatt nem képes felidézni őket. (Karádi, 2008)
A téri és vizuális észlelés zavarainak okai
Kutatások bizonyítják, hogy a hely, az alak és a mozgás észleléséhez szükséges információk párhuzamosan, de eltérő idegpályákon szállítódnak el az agyközpont ezekre specializálódott részeire.
Alapvető tulajdonságunk, hogy ha a térben valamilyen lényeges esemény történik, vagy valamilyen fontos információt észlelünk, akkor egész testünkkel, de főleg szemünkkel az adott dologra fókuszálunk. Figyelmünk a testünk középvonalától mindkét oldalra ugyanolyan mértékben tér ki, tehát szimmetrikus. Azonban például a neglekt pont ezt az összhangot borítja fel. Sokkal ritkább a bal oldali agyfélteke sérülése, melynek következtében az érintett a tér és a test jobb oldalát figyelmen kívül hagyja, azonban a másik oldalon az érzékelés megfelelő. Tehát gyakoribb a jobb oldali parietális lebeny deficitje, azonban más területek sérülése is kiválthat neglektet. Ritkán a frontális lebeny, az insula, a gyrus cinguli, a thalamus, a bazális ganglionok és subcorticalis struktúrák (colliculus superior, hypothalamus) károsodása is felelős lehet a neglektjelenségért. (Karádi, 2008)
Figyelmi rendszerünknek három fő része van:
a parietális lebeny,
a frontális lebeny,
a pulvinar, colliculus superior.
A parietális lebeny ún. „hol rendszer”, a körülöttünk lévő tárgyak elhelyezkedésének meghatározásáért felelős, illetve ezen tárgyak színéről, formájáról és mozgásáról ad információt. A parietális lebeny ezenkívül szerepet játszik az aktív végtagok mozgásának és ízületeinek szervezésében is. Az inferior parietális lebeny egyes neuronjai nagy terjedelmű receptív mezővel rendelkeznek, remekül észlelve a látóterünkben újonnan feltűnő dolgokat, illetve ezekre az ingerekre kiváltódó szemmozgások szervezése is a feladatuk. A posterior parietális lebeny pedig a saját testhez tartozó egocentrikus téri információkért és ingerekért felelős.
A frontális lebeny feladata a magasabb szintű ellenőrzés, mely elengedhetetlen a megismerési funkciók megfelelő működéséhez, s amelyek együttesét végrehajtó funkcióknak nevezzük. A frontális szemmező a leglényegesebb része, amely az akaratlagos szemmozgásokat hangolja össze.
A pulvinar a thalamus magja, melynek képessége a bennünket érő rengeteg szenzoros információból a számunkra fontosak kiszűrése. A colliculus superior pedig a látómezőnk perifériájára eső ingerekre kiváltódó szakkadikus szemmozgások (ugráló szemmozgás, mely segítségével kerül az újonnan felfedezett tárgy a perifériáról a foveára) elindításában jelentős.
A frontális lebeny ellenőrzi és felülbírálja a colliculus superior új információkra irányuló működését, így egyébként lényegesen tovább vagyunk képesek figyelni az új ingerre. (Karádi, 2008)
Kialakulása
Kialakulásának okai még nem tisztázottak. Leginkább azzal magyarázható, hogy a két félteke nem egyformán figyel a tér két oldalára. A jobb félteke mindkét oldal figyelméért felelős, a bal oldali félteke azonban csak a jobb oldalra figyel. Így ha az agy jobb féltekéje sérül, igaz, hogy megszűnik a jobb oldali figyelmi rendszer, a bal félteke viszont ki tudja javítani azt. Viszont a bal oldal figyelme kiesik, hiszen arra csak a jobb félteke figyelt. A bal oldali félteke léziója is vezethet neglekthez, csak az kevésbé súlyos, és általában hamarabb megszűnik, hiszen a bal oldal figyelmi rendszeréért a jobb oldali lebeny a felelős. (Karádi, 2008)
Gyógyítási eredmények
A rehabilitáció egyik legfontosabb feladata, hogy ha nem is lehetséges teljesen, de részben visszaállítsa a rendellenesen működő figyelmi hálózatot. Az agyi plaszticitás lehet az alapja a módszernek, hiszen az agy képes egész életen át tartó működésének folyamán a reorganizációra. Agyunk képes arra, hogy bizonyos területek kiesése után átvegye annak feladatait, és így működjön tovább. Nem mindegy, hogy a páciensek agyának mely területei és funkciói épek, mert például akiknek valamely kritikus terület sérült, kevésbé fogékonyak bizonyos kezelési módszerekre.
A kezelések folyamán figyelmeztetik a betegeket negligált testrészeik használatára, illetve a térben észlelhető ingerek figyelésére. Mivel a páciensek nem vesznek tudomást a sérüléssel kontralaterális térfélről, sok veszélyre figyelmeztető információt is figyelmen kívül hagyhatnak.
Rendkívül fontos a mozgástréning is, hiszen vissza kell állítani a ritkán vagy egyáltalán nem használt végtagok megfelelő mozgását. A betegeknek először az allocentrikus térre, majd az egocentrikus térre kell összpontosítaniuk. Ekkor a 3D-s világukban mozognak. Majd a későbbiekben a feladatok maradnak az egocentrikus térben, azonban ekkor 2D-s világban kell dolgozniuk. Arcokat, testrészeket, embert, tárgyakat kell rajzolniuk, megnevezniük.
Létezik még egy prizmaadaptáció nevű eljárás, melynek folyamán a páciensnek egy szemüveget kell viselnie egy kis ideig, ezáltal a beteg negligált térfele áttolódik az ép részre. Levéve a szemüveget ismét torznak látja a világot, azonban most a tér ellentétes oldalán. Sajnos csak pár óráig tart az élmény, de a beteg ismét átélheti az egykor ép térfelének látványát. (Karádi, 2008)
Ezenkívül léteznek különféle gyógyszeres kezelések is. Például dopamintartalmú gyógykészítményeknek (levodopa, bromocritpin és apomorphin) vannak pozitív hatással egyes betegekre, azonban csak kevés esetet figyeltek meg.
Összegezve a neglektes eseteket felfigyelhetünk arra, hogy gyermekkori esetekkel alig lehet találkozni, és akikről tudtak, azok is mind felépültek, hiszen gyermekkorban az agy is sokkal rugalmasabb, könnyebben ki tud lábalni bizonyos megbetegedésekből.
A remek eredmények ellenére még mindig nem találták meg a megfelelő gyógymódot, pedig számos kutatást végeznek ezzel kapcsolatban. Azonban a neuropszichológia nagyütemű fejlődése sok jót ígér az elkövetkezendő évekre a hemineglektben szenvedő betegeknek. (Karádi, 2008)
Fordítás
Források
Hemineglect
Fröhlich, Werner D.: Pszichológiai szótár. Budapest etc., 1996, Springer
Csépe Valéria: Kognitív fejlődés-neuropszichológia. Budapest, 2005, Gondolat
Csathó Árpád: A vizuális észlelés neuropszichológiája. In: Kállai János, Bende István, Karádi Kázmér, Racsmány Mihály (szerk.): Bevezetés a neuropszichológiába. Budapest, 2008, Medicina (4. fejezet, 153–154. o.)
Karádi Kázmér: A téri hemineglekt neuropszichológiája. In: Kállai János, Bende István, Karádi Kázmér, Racsmány Mihály (szerk.): Bevezetés a neuropszichológiába. Budapest, 2008, Medicina (6. fejezet, 195–215. o.)
Pajkossy Péter (2008. május): Az agy sérülései – Neuropszichológia - Az emberi idegrendszer alapjai (online) www.cogsci.bme.hu/~ktkuser/KURZUSOK/BMEGT471008/2008_2009_1/IR_alapjai_2008_5.ppt
További információk
Pszichológia
Neuropszichológia
Észlelés
Idegrendszeri betegségek | 43,068 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Cornelis%20Ketjen | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Willem Cornelis Ketjen | https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willem Cornelis Ketjen&action=history | Dutch | Spoken | 122 | 229 | Willem Cornelis Ketjen (Doesburg, 26 december 1782 – aldaar, 28 januari 1858) was een Nederlands burgemeester, notaris en politicus.
Levensloop
Willem Ketjen werd geboren als een zoon van Rudolph Ketjen en Gosuina Alida Luijken. Hij studeerde rechten aan de universiteit. Hij begon zijn carrière als notaris te Doesburg. Van 1817 tot zijn dood in 1858 functioneerde hij als lid van de Provinciale Staten van Gelderland. Van 1840 tot 1857 was Ketjen werkzaam als burgemeester van Doesburg.
Willem Ketjen trouwde in 1810 met Johanna Maria de Greve; uit het huwelijk zijn vier kinderen bekend. Van 1830 tot 1858 bewoonden Ketjen en zijn vrouw het landgoed De Kruishorst. Daarna nam zoon Rudolph Ketjen het landgoed over.
Burgemeester van Doesburg
Nederlands provinciaal politicus
Nederlands notaris | 15,044 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27236974 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,014 | Stack Exchange | Blackbelt, Fargonaut, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1880711, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2828965, https://stackoverflow.com/users/501696, user2828965 | English | Spoken | 510 | 1,566 | Android - setOnClickListener crashing in fragment
I am working on an activity which uses two fragments, one for displaying images on a canvas and the second which features buttons to affect elements on the canvas. I have just set up onClickListeners for the two buttons, and now the program is crashing where it didn't crash before. This happens immediately when it runs, so I don't know what exactly is the problem except that logcat says it's entirely an issue with this fragment. I can only assume that I'm implementing setOnClickListener incorrectly. Could anyone help me to see what I am doing incorrectly?
ToolbarFragment
package com.example.chris.drawingtest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.nfc.Tag;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import com.example.chris.drawingtest.R;
/**
* Created by Chris on 11/28/2014.
*/
public class ToolbarFragment extends Fragment {
ToolSelectionListener mCallback;
ImageButton pencilButton, eraserButton;
public interface ToolSelectionListener {
public void sendNewValue(int newValue);
}
public void clicked(ImageButton imageButton) {
Log.d("we're listening...", "to the buttons!");
if (imageButton.getId() == eraserButton.getId())
mCallback.sendNewValue(1);
else
mCallback.sendNewValue(0);
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
pencilButton = (ImageButton) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.pencil);
eraserButton = (ImageButton) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.eraser);
pencilButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(pencilButton);
}
});
eraserButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(eraserButton);
}
});
Log.d("Toolbar Inflation", "Inflating ToolbarFragment...");
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_toolbar, container, false);
}
}
**EDIT: ** Here is the matching XML file as well.
fragment_toolbar:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|left"
android:orientation="horizontal"
>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/pencil"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="left"
android:background="@drawable/pencil"
/>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/eraser"
android:layout_width="40dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:background="@drawable/eraser"
/>
</LinearLayout>
Thanks for any help you can give!
where are R.id.pencil and R.id.eraser declared?
they are in the XML file, which I have added to the main question body.
The problem of your part of code is that in Fragment you have to inflate the view. You are inflating it only when you return it. Try to change your onCreateViewin this way:
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
final View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_toolbar, container, false);
pencilButton = (ImageButton) view.findViewById(R.id.pencil);
eraserButton = (ImageButton) view.findViewById(R.id.eraser);
pencilButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(pencilButton);
}
});
eraserButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(eraserButton);
}
});
Log.d("Toolbar Inflation", "Inflating ToolbarFragment...");
return view;
}
You're getting an exception because you're trying to call functionality on ImageButtons before they're inflated. See how your inflater inflates after your setOnCallListener?
In your onCreateView, you're referencing Buttons, pencilButton and eraserButton improperly by calling your findViewById() off of getActivity.
Instead, transplant that logic to onViewCreated and call your findViewById(R.id.xxx) on the View parameter.
And just as a note, getActivity().findViewById(R.id.xxx) is generally really bad practice.
I wasn't aware. What would be a better method?
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_toolbar, container, false);
pencilButton = (ImageButton) view.findViewById(R.id.pencil);
eraserButton = (ImageButton) view.findViewById(R.id.eraser);
pencilButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(pencilButton);
}
});
eraserButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
clicked(eraserButton);
}
});
Log.d("Toolbar Inflation", "Inflating ToolbarFragment...");
return view;
}
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76427175 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Stack Exchange | Chris Haas, IMSoP, Kamikaza, https://stackoverflow.com/users/157957, https://stackoverflow.com/users/231316, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4824388 | English | Spoken | 713 | 1,030 | Remove .php extension in .htaccess with already working friendly-url RewriteRule
I tried hundreds of answers from this site (questions from other users) but these answers did not worked in my case.
My website is using slugs to display seo-friendly urls and that part is working fine. But I would also like to have some NON dynamic links /static links like this:
example.com/contact.php to be displayed/linked without the .php extension, for example example.com/contact
But nothings seems to work, and after 12 hours this .htaccess is driving me crazy.
Here is what I have done until now
RewriteEngine On
#this is the part for see-friendly urls, this part is working
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^([-/.a-zA-Z0-9]+)$ en.php?slug=$1 [QSA,L]
#this is the part to remove php extension, this part is NOT working
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME}\.php -f
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ $1.php [L]
Any idea?
EDIT
I am linking the users like this example.com/contact but I get error 404
"all of them do... not work in my case" - "I noticed that the flag END instead of L loads the pages faster." Wait, does it work or not? Or are you saying that it doesn't work AND it slows down your whole site?
using friendly urls it works but not the part of removing the .php extensions
The important thing to remember is that a rewrite rule doesn't "display a pretty URL", it reads the URL sent by the browser, and decides what to do with it. Thinking about "removing the .php from the URL" will put you in the wrong frame of mind.
What you need to be asking is, if the browser sends a URL of "/contact", how should the server decide what page to show - is it "/en.php?slug=contact", or is it "/contact.php"?
The other thing to remember is that order of rules in the file matters - if the URL coming in matches the first rule in the file, the server doesn't keep looking down the file for a "better" match. (This is particularly true in this example, since your first rule has the flag "L" for "last"; if that wasn't there, it would be possible for a rule to match the new URL, but it still wouldn't be instead of the original rule.)
So the solution in this case is simply to change the order of rules in the file: first put the section to check if there's a PHP file called "contact.php", and then only if that rule didn't match the server will reach the section that says to use "contact" as a slug.
I edited the question with a better explanation
@Kamikaza, to be clear, in your HTML you are using links like <a href="/contact">Contact</a>, right? That's part of what IMSoP is saying. You have to send traffic to those URLs in the first place, none of the rules posted will change that for you. To have the server "fix" that, you'd also have to add some redirect rules however I personally think it is rarely worth it.
@Kamikaza I don't see anything in your edit that would change anything I have said in this answer. The side note about the difference between L and END seems to be a completely unrelated question, and should be asked on a separate page if you can't find an existing explanation.
Yes I am linking users to example.com/contact but I get error 404
@Kamikaza If there's some part of this answer that you don't understand, please let me know.
How do I change the order to be correct ? I am very new to htaccess files
@Kamikaza I just meant to change the order of lines in the file, nothing more complicated than that. Put the part for dealing with ".php" files above the part for dealing with slugs.
thanks, it worked. But you should maybe put some code in the answer so future users can get help with some code too because not all of them read this small chat
@Kamikaza On the contrary, I deliberately avoided putting code in the answer, because then people copy and paste it and ignore the explanation that would help them apply it to their own situation. I have edited the answer to make clearer that I'm referring to the order of lines in the file, though.
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https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanita%20muslim%20yang%20menjadi%20pemimpin%20di%20dunia | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Wanita muslim yang menjadi pemimpin di dunia | https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wanita muslim yang menjadi pemimpin di dunia&action=history | Indonesian | Spoken | 4,296 | 10,644 | Wanita muslim sejak lama telah ikut serta meramaikan perpolitikan dunia dan diantaranya banyak yang berhasil menjadi pemimpin di berbagai negara di dunia. Semakin terbukanya kesempatan bagi wanita muslim dalam mengenyam pendidikan lebih tinggi telah mendorong kaum muslimah di seluruh dunia untuk semakin terlibat di bidang politik. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari angka partisipasi perempuan muslim di bidang politik yang semakin meningkat.
Mayoritas wanita muslim yang menjadi pemimpin di dunia berasal dari negara yang juga mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam. Beberapa pemimpin wanita muslim yang terkenal diantaranya adalah mantan Perdana Menteri Pakistan Benazir Bhutto yang menjabat antara tahun 1988-1990 dan 1993-1996, mantan Perdana Menteri Turki Tansu Ciller yang memerintah pada tahun 1993 hingga 1995, mantan Perdana Menteri Senegal Mame Madior Boye yang memimpin Republik Senegal dari tahun 2001 sampai 2002, Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé yang terpilih menjadi seorang Presiden Republik pada tahun 2011 hingga 2012, lalu Atifete Jahjaga yang merupakan mantan Presiden Kosovo pada tahun 2011 hingga 2016, kemudian dua orang mantan Perdana Menteri Bangladesh adalah perempuan muslim yaitu Begum Khaleda Zia yang memimpin Bangladesh dari tahun 1991-1996 dan 2001-2006 dan Sheikh Hasina Wajed yang menjabat antara tahun 1996 hingga 2001 dan pada tahun 2009 sampai sekarang masih menjabat, lalu mantan Wakil Presiden Iran Masoumeh Ebtekar yang menjabat pada tahun 1997 sampai 2005, dan Megawati Soekarnoputri yang menjabat sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2001 hingga 2004 dan sebelumnya pernah menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden pada tahun 1999 sampai 2001. https://www.unida.ac.id/artikel/wanita-sebagai-pemimpin--dalam-perspektif-islam
Mayoritas pemimpin wanita tersebut menjadi kepala negara atau kepala pemerintahan di negara yang juga mayoritas penduduknya beragama Islam. Namun, ada beberapa pemimpin wanita muslim lainnya yang menjadi kepala negara di negara yang penduduknya mayoritas bukan Islam. Sebagai contoh adalah Halimah Yacob yang menjadi Presiden Singapura dimana penduduknya dominan memeluk agama Buddha dan Kristen dan Bibi Ameenah Firdaus Gurib-Fakim Presiden keenam Republik Mauritius, di mana mayoritas penduduk Mauritius menganut agama Hindu.
Dalam sejarah Islam terdapat banyak kisah kepemimpinan dan peranan wanita. Tokoh muslimah penting diawal peradaban Islam antara lain adalah Siti Khadijah istri pertama Nabi Muhammad. Di dalam hadis sahih dikisahkan bahawa Siti Khadijah adalah penasihat utama Nabi Muhammad dan sekaligus donatur utama dalam seluruh kerja dakwah sang suami. Istri ketiga Nabi Muhammad, Aisyah binti Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq berperan penting sebagai komandan saat terjadinya peristiwa Perang Jamal di padang Basra, Irak. Lembaga Fatwa Mesir (bahasa Arab: دار الإفتاء المصرية Dar al-Ifta al-Mishriyyah), institusi keagamaan di Mesir yang didirikan untuk mewakili umat Islam dan pusat penelitian hukum Islam, mengeluarkan fatwa untuk membolehkan seorang perempuan untuk menjadi pemimpin dan atau pengadil.
Meskipun banyak kisah sejarah mengenai keterlibatan perempuan muslim sebagai seorang pemimpin, generasi awal Islam banyak salah mengartikan tentang peranan wanita. Seiring perkembangan zaman dan teknologi, kesempatan bagi wanita muslim mengenyam pendidikan tinggi semakin terbuka lebar. Meskipun begitu masih terdapat pandangan sebagian orang yang menganggap bahwa idealnya seorang wanita hanya berperan sebagai seorang Istri dan Ibu. Namun, banyak juga aktivis perempuan muslim yang memperjuangkan hak-haknya.
Sejarah
Peran serta perempuan dalam sejarah Islam telah tercatat sejak awal agama Islam pertama kali muncul pada awal abad ke-7. Sebelum hadirnya ajaran Islam orang-orang pada zaman Jahiliyah memiliki kebiasaan membunuh bayi perempuan yang baru dilahirkan dan tidak memberikan jatah warisan bagi anak atau cucu perempuan mereka. Namun, Kedatangan Islam di jazirah Arab menjadi tonggak pembaharuan bagi hak-hak kaum perempuan. Istri pertama Nabi Muhammad, Siti Khadijah memegang peranan penting dalam perkembangan Islam. Khadijah merupakan pendamping sekaligus penasihat utama Muhammad dalam berjuang menyebarkan ajaran islam. Khadijah yang seorang pengusaha sukses merupakan salah satu donatur terbesar sepanjang sejarah kenabian Muhammad. Istri keempat Nabi Muhammad yang bernama Hafshah binti Umar adalah perempuan yang diberikan kepercayaan untuk menjaga mushaf pertama Alquran. Hafsah memegang amanat suci ini hingga akhir hayatnya. Seorang muslimah juga tercatat menjadi komandan perang, yaitu istri ketiga Muhammad, Aisyah binti Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq. Beliau memimpin Perang Jamal di kota Basra, Irak. Nabi Muhammad juga pernah menunjuk seorang perempuan penghafal Alquran bernama Ummi Waraqah untuk menjadi imam salat bagi keluarganya. Kondisi ini diperbolehkan Rasulullah karena laki-laki dirumahnya sakit sehingga tidak mampu memimpin ibadah salat.
Sejarah kerajaan Islam mencatatkan ada beberapa Sultanah yang memerintah kesultanan di berbagai wilayah di seluruh dunia. Beberapa kerajaan Islam yang pernah dipimpin oleh seorang Sultanah diantaranya adalah Kerajaan Touggourt yang pernah diperintah oleh Sultanah Aïsya. Kerajaan Maladewa juga pernah diperintah oleh beberapa orang sultanah, mereka adalah Khadijah, Raadhafathi, Dhaain, Kuda Kala Kamanafa’anu, dan Amina. Provinsi Aceh yang kini menjadi bagian Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dulunya pernah dipimpin oleh beberapa wanita. Kesultanan Samudera Pasai pernah dipimpin oleh Sultanah Seri Ratu Nihrasyiah Rawangsa Khadiyu yang memerintah pada tahun 1406 hingga 1427. Kesultanan Aceh Darussalam juga pernah diperintah oleh empat orang perempuan, yaitu Sultanah Seri Ratu Ta'jul Alam Syafiatuddin Syah of Aceh, Sultanah Seri Ratu Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah, Sultanah Seri Ratu Zaqiatuddin Inayat Syah, dan Sultanah Seri Ratu Kamalat Syah.
Gerakan perjuangan hak-hak bagi kaum wanita muslim mulai terjadi pada awal abad ke-19 dengan munculnya dua orang filsuf Islam modern Rifa'at al-Tahtawi dan Qasim Amin. Qasim Amin dianggap sebagai "Bapak reformasi perempuan muslim di Timur Tengah, menentang norma sosial melalui bukunya yang berjudul The Liberation of Women". Selain dua orang laki-laki tersebut, terdapat juga tiga orang aktifis perempuan yang juga sama-sama berasal dari Mesir. Mereka adalah Maryam al-Nahhas, Zaynab Fawwaz, dan Aisha al-Taymuriyya yang giat menggalakkan feminisme Islam di akhir abad ke-19. Pada tahun 1956 seorang wanita Mesir bernama Doria Shafik menjadi tokoh perjuangan bagi kaum perempuan di Mesir agar mendapatkan hak pilih dalam pemilihan umum di Mesir.
Pandangan Islam terhadap pemimpin wanita
Para ulama banyak berbeda pendapat mengenai keterlibatan wanita dalam bidang politik. Hal ini terjadi karena masing-masing ulama memiliki pendapat sendiri dalam menginterpretasikan Alquran, hadis, dan literatur Islam lainnya. Rumitnya bahasa Arab, perbedaan paham dalam Islam, seperti perbedaan antara Islam Sunni dan Islam Syiah, dan perbedaan budaya serta pemahaman di masing-masing wilayah telah membuat perbedaan fatwa dikalangan para ulama. Tidak ada satupun ayat dalam Alquran ataupun hadis sahih yang secara gamblang mengharamkan ataupun membolehkan wanita menjadi seorang pemimpin.
Pandangan yang mengharamkan pemimpin wanita
Ulama yang mengharamkan seorang pemimpin berjenis kelamin wanita mengambil dalil dari Alquran Surah An Nisa 4:34 dan hadis sahih riwayat Bukhari dari Abu Bakrah. Dari kedua dalil tersebut para ulama dan ahli fikih dari empat mazhab besar Islam berpendapat bahwa seorang imam haruslah seorang laki-laki dan tidak boleh dipegang oleh seorang wanita. Didalam kitabnya Ibnu Katsir menafsirkan Alquran Surah An Nisa 4:34 sebagai berikut:
الرجل قيم على المرأة، أي هو رئيسها وكبيرها والحاكم عليها ومؤدبها إذا اعوجت. “بما فضَّل اللّه بعضهم على بعض” أي: لأن الرجال أفضل من النساء، والرجل خير من المرأة، ولهذا كانت النبوة مختصة بالرجال، وكذلك المُلك الأعظم؛ لقوله _صلى اللّه عليه وسلم: “لن يفلح قوم ولَّو أمرهم امرأة” رواه البخاري، وكذا منصب القضاء وغير ذلك “وبما أنفقوا من أموالهم” أي: من المهور والنفقات… فناسب أن يكون قيماً عليها كما قال اللّه _تعالى_: “وللرجال عليهن درجة” الآية، وقال ابن عباس: “الرجال قوامون على النساء” يعني أمراء عليهن، أي تطيعه فيما أمرها اللّه به من طاعته…)
Laki-laki adalah pemimpin wanita … karena laki-laki lebih utama dari perempuan. Itulab sebabnya kenabian dikhususkan bagi laki-laki begitu juga raja yang agung; … begitu juga posisi jabatan hakim dan lainnya… Ibnu Abbas berkata “Laki-laki pemimpin wanita” maksudnya sebagai amir yang harus ditaati oleh wanita
Ahli tafsir Fakh Ar-Razi memiliki pandangan yang sama dengan Ibnu Katsir, Pendapat Fakh Ar-Razi dalam kitab Tafsir Mafatihul Ghaib berbunyi:
واعلم أن فضل الرجل على النساء حاصل من وجوه كثيرة، بعضها صفات حقيقة، وبعضها أحكام شرعية وفيهم الإمامة الكبرى والصغرى والجهاد والأذان والخطبة والاعتكاف والشهادة في الحدود والقصاص بالاتفاق
Keutamaan laki-laki atas wanita timbul dari banyak sisi. Sebagian berupa sifat-sifat faktual sedang sebagian yang lain berupa hukum Syariat seperti al-imamah al-kubro dan al-imamah as-sughro, jihad, adzan, dan lain-lain
Wahbah Al-Zuhaili berpendapat di dalam kitab Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu mengambil ijmak para ulama yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu syarat menjadi imam adalah harus seorang laki-laki (dzukuroh):
وأما الذكورة فلأن عبء المنصب يتطلب قدرة كبيرة لا تتحملها المرأة عادة، ولا تتحمل المسؤولية المترتبة على هذه الوظيفة في السلم والحرب والظروف الخطيرة، قال صلّى الله عليه وسلم: «لن يفلح قوم ولوا أمرهم امرأة» (2) لذا أجمع الفقهاء على كون الإمام ذكراً.
Adapun laki-laki (sebagai syarat jabatan al-imam) karena beban pekerjaan menuntut kemampuan besar yang umumnya tidak dapat ditanggung wanita. Wanita juga tidak sanggup mengemban tanggung jawab yang timbul atas jabatan ini dalam masa damai atau perang dan situasi berbahaya. Nabi bersabda: ‘Tidak akan berjaya suatu kaum yang menyerahkan kepemimpinannya pada wanita’ Oleh karena itu, ulama fikih sepakat bahwa jabatan Imam harus laki-laki
Istilah al-imam di dalam tafsir sini bermakna al-imam al-udzma atau al-khalifah al-ammah yang merupakan pemimpin umat Islam seluruh dunia.
Namun, Wahbah Al-Zuhaili juga berpendapat bahwa dalam hal posisi jabatan sebagai qadhi atau hakim beberapa ahli fikih memiliki perbedaan pendapat. Berikut pernyataan Wahab Zuhaili dalam kitab Al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu:
اتفق أئمة المذاهب على أن القاضي يشترط فيه أن يكون عاقلاً بالغاً حراً مسلماً سميعاً بصيراً ناطقاً، واختلفوا في اشتراط العدالة، والذكورة
Imam madzhab sepakat bahwa syarat bagi qadhi adalah berakal sehat, baligh, merdeka, muslim, tidak tuli, tidak buta, tidak bisu. Mereka berbeda pendapat dalam syarat adil dan laki-laki
Ulama yang membolehkan wanita memegang jabatan qadhi atau hakim, yaitu Abu Hanifah, Ibnu Hazm dan Ibnu Jarir at-Tabari. Ibnu Rusyd juga memilik pendapat mengenai hal ini. Berikut pernyataan Ibnu Rusyd dalam kitab Bidayatul Mujtahid:
وكذلك اختلفوا في اشتراط الذكورة: فقال الجمهور: هي شرط في صحة الحكم، وقال أبو حنيفة يجوز أن تكون المرأة قاضيا في الأموال. قال الطبري: يجوز أن تكون المرأة حاكماعلى الإطلاق في كل شيء
Ulama berbeda pendapat tentang disyaratkannya laki-laki sebagai hakim. Jumhur mengatakan: ia menjadi syarat sahnya putusan hukum. Abu Hanifah berkata: boleh wanita menjadi qadhi dalam masalah harta. At-Tabari berkata: Wanita boleh menjadi hakim secara mutlak dalam segala hal
Ulama lain yang mengharamkan kepemimpinan wanita adalah Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz. Ulama asal Arab Saudi ini berpendapat bahwa seorang perempuan diharamkan menduduki jabatan politik apapun dalam pemerintahan:
تولية المرأة واختيارها للرئاسة العامة للمسلمين لا يجوز، وقد دل الكتاب والسنة والإجماع على ذلك ، فمن الكتاب: قوله تعالى: { الرجال قوَّامون على النساء بما فضَّل الله بعضهم على بعض ، والحكم في الآية عام شامل لولاية الرجل وقوامته في أسرته ، وكذا في الرئاسة العامة من باب أولى ، ويؤكد هذا الحكم ورود التعليل في الآية ، وهو أفضلية العقل والرأي وغيرهما من مؤهلات الحكم والرئاسة . ومن السنَّة: قوله صلى الله عليه وسلم لما ولَّى الفرسُ ابنةَ كسرى: ( لن يفلح قومٌ ولَّوا أمرَهم امرأة ) ، رواه البخاري ولا شك أن هذا الحديث يدل على تحريم تولية المرأة لإمرة عامة ، وكذا توليتها إمرة إقليم أو بلد ؛ لأن ذلك كله له صفة العموم ، وقد نفى الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم الفلاح عمَّن ولاها ، والفلاح هو الظفر والفوز بالخير .
Kepemimpinan wanita untuk riasah ammah lil muslimin itu tidak boleh. Quran, hadits dan ijmak sudah menunjukkan hal itu. Dalil dari Al-Quran adalah Alquran Surah An-Nisa 4:34. Hukum dalam ayat tersebut mencakup kekuasaan laki-laki dan kepemimpinannya dalam keluarga. Apalagi dalam wilayah publik… Adapun dalil hadits adalah sabda Nabi “Suatu kaum tidak akan berjaya apabila diperintah oleh perempuan.” Tidak diragukan lagi bahwa hadits ini menunjukkan haramnya kepemimpinan perempuan pada otoritas umum atau otoritas kawasan khusus. Karena semua itu memiliki sifat yang umum. Rasulullah telah menegasikan kejayaan dalam suatu negara yang dipimpin perempuan<ref name="Baz">Syaikh Abdul Aziz Bin Abdullah Bin Baaz. FATAWA SYAIKH BIN BAAZ. Pustaka At Tibyan</ref>
Pandangan yang membolehkan wanita menjadi seorang pemimpin
Dr. Muhammad Sayid Thanthawi, Syaikh Al-Azhar dan seorang Mufti dari Mesir, mengeluarkan fatwa yang menyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan perempuan dalam posisi jabatan apapun tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam. Baik itu sebagai kepala negara (al-wilayah al-udzma) maupun posisi jabatan di bawahnya. Dalam fatwanya yang dikutip majalah Ad-Din wal Hayat, Dr. Muhammad Sayid Thanthawi menyatakan:
'ان تولي المرأة رئاسة الدولة لا يخالف الشريعة الإسلامية لأن القرآن الكريم أشاد بتولي المرأة لهذا المنصب في الآيات التي ذكرها المولى عز وجل عن ملكة سبأ وأنه إذا كان ذلك يخالف الشريعة الإسلامية لبين القرآن الكريم ذلك في هذه القصة وحول نص حديث رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: (لم يفلح قوم ولو أمرهم امرأة )، قال طنطاوي ان هذا الحديث خاص بواقعة معينة وهي دولة الفرس ولم يذكره الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم على سبيل التعميم.: فللمرأة أن تتولى رئاسة الدولة والقاضية والوزيرة والسفيرة وان تصبح عضوا في المجالس التشريعية إلا أنه لا يجوز لها مطلقا أن تتولى منصب شيخ الأزهر لأن هذا المنصب خاص بالرجال فقط لأنه يحتم على صاحبه إمامة المسلمين للصلاة وهذا لا يجوز شرعا للمرأة.)'Wanita yang menduduki posisi jabatan kepala negara tidaklah bertentangan dengan Syariat karena Al-Quran memuji wanita yang menempati posisi ini dalam sejumlah ayat tentang Ratu Balqis dari Saba. Dan bahwasanya apabila hal itu bertentangan dengan Syariat, maka niscaya Al-Quran akan menjelaskan hal tersebut dalam kisah ini. Adapun tentang sabda Nabi bahwa “Suatu kaum tidak akan berjaya apabila diperintah oleh wanita” Tantawi berkata: bahwa hadits ini khusus untuk peristiwa tertentu yakni kerajaan Farsi dan Nabi tidak menyebutnya secara umum. Oleh karena itu, maka wanita boleh menduduki jabatan sebagai kepala negara, hakim, menteri, duta besar, dan menjadi anggota lembaga legislatif. Hanya saja perempuan tidak boleh menduduki jabatan Syaikh Al-Azhar karena jabatan ini khusus bagi laki-laki saja karena ia berkewajiban menjadi imam salat yang secara Syariat tidak boleh bagi wanita.Fatwa Dr. Muhammad Sayid Thanthawi ini disepakati oleh Yusuf Qardhawi. Ia menegaskan bahwa wanita berhak memegang jabatan sebagai kepala negara (riasah daulah), mufti, anggota parlemen, hak memilih dan dipilih atau posisi apapun dalam pemerintahan ataupun bekerja di sektor swasta karena sikap Islam dalam soal ini jelas bahwa wanita itu memiliki kemampuan sempurna (tamam al ahliyah). Menurut Yusuf Qardhawi tidak ada satupun dalil dalam Alquran dan hadis yang melarang wanita untuk menduduki jabatan apapun dalam pemerintahan. Namun, Yusuf Qardhawi juga menegaskan bahwa wanita yang bekerja di luar rumah harus menaati aturan yang telah ditentukan oleh syariat Islam, seperti:
Tidak boleh ada khalwat (berduaan dalam ruangan tertutup) dengan lawan jenis yang bukan mahram.
Tidak boleh melupakan tugas utamanya sebagai seorang ibu yang mendidik anak-anaknya.
Harus tetap menjaga perilaku islami dalam berpakaian, berkata, berperilaku, dan lain-lain.
Mufti lain asal Mesir, Ali Jumah Muhammad Abdul Wahab, juga berpendapat bahwa seorang perempuan boleh menjadi kepala negara dan menduduki jabatan tinggi apapun seperti hakim, menteri, anggota parlemen, dan lain-lain. Namun, ia juga bersepakat dengan pandangan Yusuf Qardhawi bahwa posisi seorang Al-Imamah Al-Udzma yang menaungi seluruh umat Islam di dunia harus dipegang oleh laki-laki karena salah satu tugas Al-Imamah Al-Udzma adalah menjadi imam salat yang hanya diperbolehkan bagi laki-laki.
Ali Jumah Muhammad Abdul Wahab menyatakan bahwa dalam sejarah Islam telah banyak pemimpin perempuan. Tercatat lebih dari 90 orang muslimah yang pernah menjabat sebagai hakim dan kepala daerah terutama di zaman Kesultanan Utsmaniyah. Menurut Ali Jumah Muhammad Abdul Wahab, keputusan seorang perempuan untuk memegang jabatan politik adalah keputusan pribadi antara suaminya dan dirinya sendiri.
Hak bagi wanita muslim dalam memberikan suara
Hak pilih bagi wanita telah lama diberikan dalam kurun waktu yang berbeda-beda pada masing-masing negara. Khusus bagi beberapa negara dengan jumlah penduduk beragama mayoritas Islam memang cenderung lebih lambat memberikan hak pilih bagi kaum perempuan di negaranya. Berikut lini waktu negara-negara Islam dalam memberikan hak pilih bagi kaum wanita di negaranya:
1917
Republik Rakyat Krimea
1918
Republik Demokratik Azerbaijan
Republik Sosialis Soviet Kirgizstan (Republik Soviet)
1920
1921
(Republik Soviet)
1924
(Republik Soviet)
(Republik Soviet)
1927
(Republik Soviet)
1930
(Pemilihan tingkat kota)
1932
1934
(pemilihan umum tingkat nasional)
1938
(Republik Soviet)
1945
1946
Somaliland Prancis
1947
1948
1949
1952
(Mensyaratkan jenjang pendidikan tertentu).
1956
1957
(Berlaku untuk semua).
(Sekarang Semenanjung Malaya)
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
(dicabut)
1963
(setelah referendum)
1964
1965
(pertama kali)
1967
1970
1972
1973
(Bahrain tidak mengadakan pemilihan umum hingga 2002)
1974
1978
(Bagian utara)
1980
1985
(Pertama kali)
1996
(dicabut oleh Taliban)
1999
(dicabut)
2001
(diberikan kembali setelah jatuhnya Taliban)
2003
2005
(diberikan kembali)
2015
(pertama kali dikenalkan saat pemilihan umum dewan kota Arab Saudi 2015)
Daftar wanita muslim kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan
Berikut ini adalah daftar nama-nama wanita muslim yang pernah dan sedang menjabat sebagai Kepala Negara dan atau Kepala Pemerintahan di berbagai negara di dunia:
Cetak miring menunjukkan bertindak sebagai kepala negara dan atau kepala pemerintahan secara de facto (dengan pengakuan terbatas dari negara lain) atau menjabat sementara.
Pimpinan politik
Selain menjadi Kepala Negara dan atau Kepala pemerintahan, para muslimah di abad modern juga banyak memegang peranan penting sebagai pimpinan politik di banyak negara di dunia. Kaum wanita muslim ini banyak yang menjadi kepala daerah, pimpinan partai politik, anggota parlemen, sekretaris negara, menteri, hingga menjadi seorang wakil presiden. Berikut tokoh-tokoh politik wanita muslim dibeberapa negara di dunia:
Afganistan
Kubra Nurzai
Kubra Nurzai adalah menteri perempuan pertama di Afganistan. Konstitusi negara Afganistan tahun 1964 dibawah pemerintahan Raja Mohammad Zahir Shah untuk pertama kalinya memberikan hak pilih kepada seluruh wanita di negaranya. Hasil dari kebijakan ini adalah pada pemilihan umum tahun tersebut tiga orang perempuan terpilih menjadi anggota parlemen Afganistan dan dua orang perempuan ditunjuk sebagai anggota senat. Kubra Nurzai dipercaya menjadi Menteri Kesehatan Umum pada tahun 1965 dan kembali ditunjuk pada tahun 1967.
Massouda Jalal
Setelah lulus kuliah kedokteran di Kabul Massouda Jalal berkarier sebagai seorang dokter hingga tahun 1999 ketika Taliban mulai berkuasa. Massouda Jalal kemudian beralih menjadi relawan di PBB untuk World Food Progamme (WFP) pada tahun 1999. Setelah Taliban digulingkan pada tahun 2002 Massouda Jalal adalah salah satu dari 200 orang wanita yang berpartisipasi dalam loya jirga. Massouda Jalal maju mencalonkan diri sebagai calon presiden pada tahun 2002, menjadikannya wanita pertama yang menjadi calon presiden. Massouda Jalal meraih total 171 suara (terbanyak kedua) pada pemilihan presiden Afganistan dan kalah terhadap lawan politiknya Hamid Karzai. Meskipun kalah dalam pemilihan presiden, Hamid Karzai menunjuk Massouda Jalal sebagai Menteri Urusan Wanita dari tahun 2004 hingga 2006.
Azra Jafari
Salah satu dari 200 orang perempuan yang berpartisipasi pada loya jirga setelah tergulingnya kekuasaan Taliban pada tahun 2002. Azra Jafari merupakan wali kota perempuan pertama di Afganistan. Azra Jafari adalah wali kota Nili, sebuah kota kecil di Provinsi Daykundi, Afganistan.
Fawzia Koofi
Pada tahun 2014 Fawzia Koofi menjadi calon presiden Afganistan setelah beliau terpilih sebagai Wakil Presiden National Assembly of Afghanistan pada tahun 2005. Fawzia Koofi juga merupakan perempuan pertama yang memegang jabatan sebagai Wakil Kedua Juru Bicara Parlemen Afganistan.
Sima Samar
Sima Samar menjabat sebagai Menteri Urusan Wanita dari tahun 2001 hingga 2003.
Frozan Fana
Frozan Fana pernah maju sebagai calon presiden Afganistan pada Pemilohan Presiden Afganistan tahun 2009.
Shahla Atta
Shahla Atta pernah maju sebagai calon presiden Afganistan pada Pemilihan Presiden Afganistan tahun 2009.
Azerbaijan
Lala Shevket
Lala Shevket adalah menteri luar negeri pwanita pertama di dunia. Latar belakang pendidikan Lala Shevket adalah seorang profesor dan dokter. Lala Shevket juga tercatat sebagai duta besar wanita pertama di Azerbaijan pada tahun 1993. Lala menjabat sebagai menteri luar negeri sejak tahun 1993 hingga 1994. Lala mengundurkan diri dari jabatan menteri luar negeri karena ketidakpuasaannya terhadap korupsi yang terjadi dalam lingkaran pemerintahan Azerbaijan. Lala Shevket lalu membangun sebuah partai politik bernama Partai Azerbaijan Liberal pada tahun 1995. Melalui partai yang dipimpinnya, Lala sempat mencalonkan diri sebagai presiden. Pada tanggal 7 Juni 2003 saat kongres Partai Azerbaijan Liberal, Lala Shevket menyatakan mundur dari pimpinan partai untuk fokus dan memulai kampanyenya sebagai calon independen. Sebagai akibat dari keputusannya itu Lala kembali menjadi pelopor dalam tardisi perpolitikan di Azerbaijan yaitu maju dalam bursa calon presiden melalui jalur independen. Pada pemilihan umum anggota parlemen tahun 2005, Lala Shevket meraih kemenangan mutlak dengan perolehan suara terbanyak diantara kandidat lainnya.
Mehriban Aliyeva
Mehriban Aliyeva adalah Wakil Presdiden Azerbaijan sekaligus berperan sebagai Ibu Negara Azerbaijan. Mehriban juga adalah ketua Yayasan Heydar Aliyev, pimpinan dari Yayasan Sahabat Budaya Azerbaijan, Presiden Federasi Senam Azerbaijan, serta duta persahabatan dari UNESCO dan ISESCO. Pada tahun 1995, Mehriban Aliyeva membangun Yayasan Sahabat Budaya Azerbaijan. Pada tahun 1996 dengan bantuan keuangan dari Chevron, yayasan ini menganugerahkan penghargaan seumur hidup kepada enam tokoh Azerbaijan yang berjasa di bidang kesenian dan kebudayaan. Pada pemilihan umum anggota parlemen Azerbaijan pada tahun 2005, Mehriban terpilih sebagai menjadi anggota parlemen. Mehriban Aliyeva juga aktif turun ke masyarakat ketika suaminya Ilham Aliyev mencalonkan diri sebagai presiden pada tahun 2003. Pada tanggal 24 November 2006, Mehriban Aliyeva mendapatkan penghargaan sebagai duta persahabatan dari ISESCO karena kontribusinya terhadap nasib dan pendidikan bagi anak-anak.
Leyla Yunus
Leyla Yunus adalah aktifis hak asasi manusia yang berasal dari Azerbaijan. Leyla menjabat sebagai direktur sebuah organisasi hak asasi manusia bernama Institut Perdamaian dan Demokrasi. Leyla Yunus dikenal luas karena kiprahnya menolong masyarakat korban pengusiran paksa di Baku. Leyla Yunus adalah seorang sejarawan dengan disertasi yang berjudul English-Russian Rivalry on the Caspian Sea and Azerbaijan in the First Part of the 18th Century''. Di akhir masa pemerintahan Uni Soviet, Leyla Yunus adalah aktifis pro reformasi pada saat itu.
Ganira Pashayeva
Ganira Pashayeva adalah anggota parlemen Azerbaijan. Semenjak tahun 1998, Ganira berkarier sebagai seorang wartawan, koresponden, penyunting redaksi, wakil kepala penyunting pada bagian pemberitaan di perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang media di Azerbaijan. Pada tanggal 6 November 2005 Ganira Pshayeva terpilih sebagai anggota parlemen dari wilayah konstituen Tovuz. Ganira Pashayeva juga merupakan anggota kerjasama dari Azerbaijan-India, Azerbaijan-Turki dan Azerbaijan-Jepang dalam parlemen Azerbaijan.
Bahrain
Lateefa Al Gaood
Lateefa Al Gaood adalah perempuan pertama yang terpilih menjadi anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Bahrain pada tahun 2006 dan sekaligus menjadi satu-satunya perempuan yang pernah menjadi anggota Dewan Perwakilan Bahrain.
Nada Haffadh
Nada Haffadh adalah perempuan pertama yang menjadi menteri di Bahrain. Nada menduduki posisi sebagai menteri kesehatan pada tahun 2004. Nada Haffadh juga pernah menjadi anggota parlemen.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh merupakan negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar keempat di dunia. Selama 25 tahun terakhir Bangladesh telah dipimpin oleh dua orang perdana menteri perempuan secara bergantian. Dua orang perempuan tersebut adalah Khaleda Zia dan Sheikh Hasina.
Sheikh Hasina
Sheikh Hasina atau Hasina Wajed memegang jabatan sebagai perdana menteri antara tahun 1996-2001 dan 2009-sekarang. Sheikh Hasina adalah anggota Dewan Pemimpin Dunia Wanita.
Khaleda Zia
Khaleda Zia adalah Perdana Menteri Bangladesh pada tahun 1991 hingga 1996 dan 2001 hingga 2006. Ketika terpilih menjadi perdana menteri pada tahun 1991 Khaleda Zia menjadi wanita pertama yang menjabat sebagai perdana menteri di Bangladesh dan merupakan perempuan muslim pemimpin negara kedua setelah Benazir Bhutto. Khaleda Zia juga merupakan ketua umum Partai Nasionalis Bangladesh. Majalah Forbes mencatatkan nama Khaleda Zia kedalam daftar 100 wanita paling berpengaruh di dunia.
Mesir
Mesir adalah negara dengan populasi pemeluk Islam terbesar kedelapan dan hampir sepertiga anggota parlemen Mesir adalah perempuan.
Rawya Ateya
Rawya Ateya dianggap sebagi pelopor pemimipin wanita di negara mayoritas muslim. Rawya adalah wanita pertama di dunia Arab yang menjadi anggota parlemen pada tahun 1957.
Indonesia
Indonesia adalah negara dengan jumlah populasi muslim terbesar di dunia. Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Indonesia membuat peraturan mengenai Pendaftaran dan Seleksi Anggota DPR dan DPRD (Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota) Nomor 07/2013 dan PKPU No.08/2013. pada peraturan tersebut disebutkan bahwa Partai Politik harus memenuhi syarat “30% dari jumlah calon yang diajukan di setiap Dapil adalah Perempuan” dan “menempatkan sekurang-kurangnya 1 (satu) nama bakal calon perempuan dalam setiap 3 (tiga) nama bakal calon pada nomor urut yang lebih kecil”, yang bilamana aturan tersebut tidak dipenuhi maka Partai Politik yang bersangkutan dianggap tidak memenuhi syarat pengajuan calon legislatif di daerah pemilihan yang bersangkutan.
Megawati Soekarnoputri
Megawati Soekarnoputri adalah Presiden Republik Indonesia kelima dan merupakan presiden wanita pertama di Indonesia. Megawati Soekarnoputri menjabat sebagai presiden antara tahun 2001 hingga 2004. Sebelum diangkat menjadi presiden, Megawati adalah Wakil Presiden Indonesia mendampingi Presiden Abdurrahman Wahid.
Ratu Atut Chosiyah
Ratu Atut Chosiyah adalah gubernur wanita pertama di Indonesia. Atut merupakan mantan Gubernur Provinsi Banten kedua. Atut memegang jabatan gubernur dari tahun 2005 hingga 2014. Pada 17 Desember 2013, Ratu Atut Chosiyah ditetapkan sebagai tersangka oleh KPK terkait kasus pengadaan alat kesehatan di Banten.
Kirgzstan
Roza Otunbayeva
Roza Otunbayeva adalah presiden wanita pertama di Kirgizstan. Meskipun memimpin di negara berpenduduk mayoritas muslim, Roza Otunbayeva mengakui dirinya adalah seorang penganut ateisme.
Kosovo
Atifete Jahjaga
Atifete Jahjaga adalah Presiden Kosovo keempat dan presiden wanita pertama di Kosovo.
Mali
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé
Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé adalah wanita Mali pertama yang menjabat sebagai perdana menteri. Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé menjabat dari tahun 2011 hingga 2012.
Pakistan
Pakistan adalah negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar kedua di dunia setelah Indonesia.
Fatima Jinnah
Fatima Jinnah adalah saudara perempuan dari Muhammad Ali Jinnah bapak bangsa Pakistan. Fatimah Jinnah adalah salj satu tokoh yang memperjuangkan kemerdekaan Pakistan dari India. Fatima Jinnah juga pernah mencalonkan diri dalam pemilihan presiden. Fatima Jinnah dimakamkan di Mazar-e-Quaid.
Benazir Bhutto
Pada tahun 1982 Benazir Bhutto terpilih menjadi perempuan pertama di Pakistan yang memimpin sebuah partai politik. Ayahnya, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, adalah pendiri Partai Rakyat Pakistan pada tahun 1968. Benazir menjabat sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan sebanyak dua kali, yaitu pada tahun 1988-1990 dan 1992-1996. Terpilihnya Benazir sebagai Perdana Menteri Pakistan menjadi tonggak sejarah bagi perempuan muslim menjadi kepala pemerintahan di suatu negara. Benazir Bhutto dibunuh pada tahun 2008 saat dia sedang menjadi kandidat perdana menteri.
Rumania
Sevil Shhaideh
Meskipun kalah, Sevil Shhaideh pernah menjadi calon Perdana Menteri di Rumania. Sevil Shhaideh adalah tokoh muslim Rumania yang terkenal diantara lebih dari 80% penduduk Rumania memeluk keyakinan Kristen Ortodoks sementara populasi muslim di Rumania kurang dari 1%.
Senegal
Mame Madior Boye
Mame Madior Boye adalah Menteri Keadilan Senegal tahun 2000 dan menjadi perdana menteri dari tahun 2001 sampai 2002. Mame Madior Boye adalah perempuan Senegal pertama yang menjabat posisi ini.
Aminata Touré
Aminata Touré adalah perdana menteri perempuan kedua di Senegal. Aminata menjabat dari tahun 2013 hingga 2014.
Siprus Utara
Sibel Siber
Sibel Siber adalah pejabat sementara Perdana Menteri Republik Turki Siprus Utara. Sibel Siber memegang jabatan perdana menteri hanya selama 81 hari.
Turki
Tansu Çiller
Tansu Çiller terpilih menjadi Perdana Menteri Turki pada tahun 1993. Jika beberapa negara muslim lainnya dipimpin oleh wanita yang mendapatkan jabatan karena suksesi dari sang ayah, suami, ataupun yang lain, maka Tansu Çiller meraih kursi perdana menteri berkat usahanya sendiri.
Yordania
Toujan Al-Faisal
Toujan Al-Faisal adalah perempuan Yordania pertama yang menjadi anggota parlemen pada tahun 1993. Keanggotaan Toujan Al-Faisal ini mendapat banyak penolakan.
Lihat pula
Sultanah
Hak perempuan di Arab Saudi
Tokoh wanita dalam Alquran
Daftar wanita pemimpin dunia
Emansipasi
Pemimpin wanita di Indonesia
Kajian gender
Referensi
Wanita pemimpin
Wanita muslim di politik
Wanita dalam Islam | 21,886 |
https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD%20%28%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Престън (Айдахо) | https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Престън (Айдахо)&action=history | Bulgarian | Spoken | 49 | 123 | Престън () е град в окръг Франклин, щата Айдахо, САЩ. Престън е с население от 4682 жители (2000) и обща площ от 17,3 km². Намира се на 1437 m надморска височина. ЗИП кодът му е 83263, а телефонният му код е 208.
Бележки
Градове в Айдахо
Окръг Франклин (Айдахо) | 24,078 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78185586 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | null | Stack Exchange | Guildenstern, Mathias R. Jessen, downforme, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1725151, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3543815, https://stackoverflow.com/users/712649 | English | Spoken | 379 | 773 | Why is git log not working with a subexpression
git tag --list 'Release-v*' --sort=-creatordate | Select-Object -First 1
gives me the latest tag with name matching Release-v*. In my case thats Release-v2024.3.12.132
If I use
git log Release-v2024.3.12.132..HEAD
I get the expected log entries from tag till head
However if I combine these wo commands
git log $(git tag --list 'Release-v*' --sort=-creatordate | Select-Object -First 1)..HEAD
, I get no output at all (also no error)
I already tried ().Trim() the git tag command
Nest the <tag>..HEAD expression in a string literal to prevent PowerShell's parser from interpreting <tag> and ..HEAD as two separate arguments:
git log "$(git tag --list 'Release-v*' --sort=-creatordate | Select-Object -First 1)..HEAD"
How do I know that PowerShell interprets <tag>..HEAD as 2 separate arguments?
I know thanks to the power of PowerShell's built-in tracing facility!
Let's try and inspect the command with the Trace-Command cmdlet:
PS ~> Trace-Command -Expression { git log $latestTag..Head } -Name ParameterBinding -PSHost
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:22.7471 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND NAMED native application line args [C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe]
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:22.7475 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line arg [log] to position [0]
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:22.7483 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line arg [vTagName] to position [1]
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:22.7513 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line arg [..HEAD] to position [2]
Here we see that the expression evaluated as vTagName is treated as a stand-alone argument value separate from the argument value ..HEAD
Let's try it again with the whole thing nested in a string literal:
PS ~> Trace-Command -Expression { git log "$latestTag..Head" } -Name ParameterBinding -PSHost
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:30.3736 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND NAMED native application line args [C:\Program Files\Git\cmd\git.exe]
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:30.3740 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line arg [log] to position [0]
DEBUG: 2024-03-19 12:25:30.3750 ParameterBinding Information: 0 : BIND cmd line arg [vTagName..HEAD] to position [1]
And here we see the resulting string value vTagName..HEAD now correctly passed as a single positional argument.
awesome! works like expected + I learned about the Trace-Command
That tracing functionality looks cool. Thanks for showing all the steps.
@Guildenstern My pleasure! The ParameterBinding tracer represents just a small corner of PowerShell's tracing facility, play around with it and try different (smaller) snippets with -Name * -PSHost
| 2,777 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachodynerus%20scrupeus | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Pachodynerus scrupeus | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pachodynerus scrupeus&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 54 | 111 | Kaliwatan sa insekto ang Pachodynerus scrupeus. Una ning gihulagway ni Zavattari ni adtong 1912. Ang Pachodynerus scrupeus sakop sa kahenera nga Pachodynerus, ug kabanay nga Eumenidae.
Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
Cuba
Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Galeriya sa hulagway
Insekto
Insekto sa Cuba
Pachodynerus | 50,864 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34668370 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Slovenian | Spoken | 310 | 922 | PHP can not read SQL result statement from Oracle database
I have this query:
$sql = "SELECT CPACK, ('[' || CPACK || '][' || REPLACE(UPPER(DESC_PACK),UPPER(' ".substr(str_replace($battlezone," ",""),0,-1)."'),'') || ']') CPACKITEM
FROM p_product_indihome_valid
where (1=1) and cpack in (select cpack from p_paket where JENIS = 'A' and valid = '1' and paket like '%~".$paket."~%' and
id_rule in (select id_rule from p_paket_rule where (";
for($i=0;$i<count($param);$i++){
$sql2 .= " or (MTARGET = '".$paramName[$i]."' and REGEXP_LIKE (REPLACE(mvalue,'&','dan'),'~".str_replace('&','dan',$param[$i])."~|0'))";
}
$sql .= ltrim($sql2,' or');
$sql .= ") group by id_rule having count(mtarget) = 3)) group by CPACK,DESC_PACK ORDER BY DESC_PACK";
$stid = oci_parse($this->_conn, $sql);
$r = oci_execute($stid);
print_r($sql);
It shows:
SELECT CPACK, ('[' || CPACK || '][' || REPLACE(UPPER(DESC_PACK),UPPER(' '),'') || ']') CPACKITEM
FROM p_product_indihome_valid
where (1=1) and cpack in (select cpack from p_paket where JENIS = 'A' and valid = '1' and paket like '%~1~%' and
id_rule in (select id_rule from p_paket_rule where ((MTARGET = 'SUBLAYANAN' and REGEXP_LIKE (REPLACE(mvalue,'&','dan'),'~DCS - UCS II~|0')) or (MTARGET = 'LAYANAN' and REGEXP_LIKE (REPLACE(mvalue,'&','dan'),'~DCS~|0')) or (MTARGET = 'SOCIO' and REGEXP_LIKE (REPLACE(mvalue,'&','dan'),'~Lain-lain~|0'))) group by id_rule having count(mtarget) = 3)) group by CPACK,DESC_PACK
ORDER BY DESC_PACK;
I run the query in SQL Developer, and it shows this result:
cpack | citem
USEE84 [USEE84][ADDITIONALSETUPBOXUSEETV]
C15062 [C15062][CS-INDIHOMEJOINPROMOVISACREDITCARDINTERNET]
C15061 [C15061][CS-INDIHOMEJOINPROMOVISACREDITCARDPHONE]
VOICE [VOICE][FEATUREVOICE]
But when I show the result of the query with print_r($stid);, it shows null values. I don't know where the mistake is.
Your code is not currently fetching the result set.
Here is how to fetch result set using oci_fetch_array and get the desired result you're looking for -- add this to the bottom of your code:
$results = [];
while ($row = oci_fetch_array($stid, OCI_ASSOC+OCI_RETURN_NULLS)) {
$results[] = $row;
}
print_r($results);
oci_fetch_array — Returns the next row from a query as an associative or numeric array
Usage: array oci_fetch_array ( resource $statement [, int $mode ] )
Documentation and other examples below:
http://php.net/oci_fetch_array
| 49,631 | |
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecina | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Cecina | https://no.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cecina&action=history | Norwegian | Spoken | 117 | 254 | Cecina er en småby og kommune i Provinsen Livorno i den italienske regionen Toscana. Den ligger ca. 40 km. sør for Livorno ved Det tyrrenske hav. Elven Cecina munder ut i havet i den nordlige delen av kommunen. Cecina består i det vesentlige av to bydeler: Den egentlige byen Cecina noen kilometer inn i landet, og Cecina Mare ved kysten. Mindre bydeler er San Pietro in Palazzi og San Vincenzino.
Byen ble grunnlagt i det 19. århundre. Etter å ha blitt gjenoppbygget i etterkrigstiden, etter ødeleggelser under annen verdenskrig, fremstår byen i dag arkitektonisk ganske moderne. Bydelen Cecina Mare er et populært feriested.
Befolkningsutvikling
Tall fra ISTAT
Referanser
Eksterne lenker
Kommuner i provinsen Livorno
Byer i Toscana | 14,518 |
https://askubuntu.com/questions/988565 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,017 | Stack Exchange | Takkat, https://askubuntu.com/users/3940 | English | Spoken | 111 | 163 | Mount a HDD without losing data
I have an old HDD used by an openmediavault NAS in ext4 format. Is it possible to mount this disk to my new Ubuntu 16.04 machine without losing the data on it? Thanks.
What makes you believe you can lose data by only just mounting?
If you are concerned about losing data, then mount it read-only, e.g. if the device is on /dev/sdb, mount partition 1 using:
mount -o ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt
If you just mount this drive, you shouldn't lose any data at all.
Mounting should never delete any files. You are just telling your filesystem where to show and access this new drive
| 19,643 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkridge%2C%20Maryland | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Elkridge, Maryland | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elkridge, Maryland&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 189 | 396 | Elkridge är en census-designated place i Howard County, Maryland. Enligt 2010 års folkräkning var befolkningen 15 593.
2010 folkräkning
Enligt folkräkningen 2010 bodde det 15 593 personer på orten, fördelat på 5 734 hushåll och 3 952 familjer.
Av de 3 952 hushållen hade 56,8 procent hemmaboende barn under 18 år. 47,1 procent var sammanboende gifta par. 14 procent var kvinnliga singelhushåll, 22,8 procent manliga. Den genomsnittsliga hushållsstorleken var 2,72 personer och den genomsnittsliga familjestorleken 3,24 personer.
Ortens medianålder var 32,5 år. 27,4 procent av invånarna var under 18 år, 8,3 procent 18 till 24 år, 36,6 procent 25 till 44, 23 procent 45 till 64, medan 6,1 procent var 65 år eller äldre. Könsfördelningen var 49 procent män och 51 procent kvinnor.
Representation i USA:s kongress
Elkridge representeras av tre kongressdistrikt. Kongressdistriktsnumren är 2, 3 och 7.
Kända personer från Elkridge
Jack Merson (1922–2000) - före detta MLB-spelare i Pittsburgh Pirates
Carter Manley - Rio Grande Valley FC Toros-spelare. USLC: division II-liga (motsvarar superettan)
Robert Murray (1822–1913) - Surgeon General of the United States Army, befälhavare på Army Medical Department (AMEDD)
Referenser
Orter i Maryland
Howard County, Maryland | 4,067 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4482157 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,022 | Stack Exchange | Nosrat Mohammadi, QC_QAOA, dxiv, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/1032493, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/291201, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/364346 | English | Spoken | 887 | 2,047 | finding roots of polynomial equation with Taylor series
I have the following equation which is obtained by the characteristic equation of a matrix:
$$
(-1-\lambda)^N + c \sum_{i=1}^N (-1)^{i+1} (-1-\lambda)^{N-i} \beta_i = 0
$$
$N$ is the size of the matrix. And $\beta_i$ comes from an exponential kernel which I can choose another type of kernel if I want. let's simplify the equation by changing the variable $(-1-\lambda = x)$.
$$
x^N + c \sum_{i=1}^N (-1)^{i+1} x^{N-i} \beta_i.
$$
I know this equation is very complicated and most probably I should use numerical methods to find the roots which are my eigenvalues.
But out of curiosity, say we can choose a kernel $\beta_i$ such that we can create some sort of coefficients that lead to an expanded Taylor series of a know function. Then is the problem approachable? I wonder what you think of this and if you have seen something similar?
Or an equivalent question is whether there's a way to write the above equation in the form of:
$$
x^N + c\sum_{i=1}^N (-i)^{i+1} \frac{x^{N-i}}{\beta_i^\prime !} =0
$$
update:
I solved this equation numerically and surprisingly found out that for an exponential kernel, the roots lie on a circle of radius 1 in the complex domain. The result is invariant to the change of N and $\tau$. There's one negative eigenvalue close to -3 which is changing if I change the coefficient $\eta$ in the exponential kernel formula:
$$
\beta = \eta e^{-t/\tau}
$$
Figure right is an exponential kernel but bouncing between $-\beta$ and $\beta$ because of the $(-1)^{i+1}$ term in my equations. and on the left is the roots of the second equation.
Depends on how much control you have over $\beta_i$ I guess. If they can be anything, then sure. If not, you might be out of luck
You're right. I added a figure to this question that shows the roots of the equation for a particular exponential kernel. I think it might give you some insights.
"the roots lie on a circle of radius 1" $,$ That is a strong relation, but it's hard to guess why without knowing what the $,\beta_i,$ actually are.
In this case, I know what are the $\beta$s. I'm getting each $\beta_i$ from an exponential function. but then changing the even one's sign because of the formulation.
$$
\sum_{i=1}^N a_i x^{N-i}, \
a_i = (-1)^{i+1} \beta_i, \
\beta_i = \eta e^{-i/\tau}
$$
where $\eta$ and $\tau$ are two constants.
With $\,\beta_i = \eta e^{−i/\tau}\,$ per OP's comment, let $\,n = N\,$, $\,\mu = c \eta\,$, $\,\alpha = -e^{-1/\tau}\,$, $\,z = \dfrac{x}{\alpha}\,$, then $\,\beta_i = (-1)^i \eta \alpha^i\,$ and the equation can be rewritten as:
$$
\begin{align}
x^N + c \sum_{i=1}^N (-1)^{i+1} x^{N-i} \beta_i &= x^n + c \sum_{i=1}^n (-1)^{i+1} x^{n-i} \cdot (-1)^i\eta \alpha^i
\\ &= x^n - c \eta \sum_{i=1}^n x^{n-i} \alpha^i
\\ &= x^n - \mu \alpha \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} x^{n-i-1} \alpha^i
\end{align}
$$
If $\,x = \alpha\,$ the latter reduces to:
$$
\alpha^n - \mu \alpha \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \alpha^{n-i-1} \alpha^i = \left(1 - n \mu\right)\alpha^n
$$
Therefore $\,x = \alpha\,$ is not a solution unless $\,n \mu = 1\,$, otherwise if $\,x \ne \alpha\,$:
$$
\begin{align}
x^n - \mu \alpha \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} x^{n-i-1} \alpha^i &= x^n - \mu\alpha \,\frac{x^n - \alpha^n}{x - \alpha}
\\ &= \frac{x^{n+1} - \alpha x^n -\mu\alpha x^n + \mu \alpha^{n+1}}{x - \alpha}
\\ &= \frac{x^{n+1} - \alpha(\mu + 1) x^n + \mu \alpha^{n+1}}{x - \alpha}
\\ &= \alpha^{n}\,\frac{z^{n+1} - (\mu + 1) z^n + \mu}{z - 1}
\end{align}
$$
It follows that the roots of the original equation are $\,x = \alpha z\,$ where $\,z \ne 1\,$ and:
$$
z^{n+1} - (\mu + 1) z^n + \mu = 0
$$
The "geometry" of the roots is dictated by the polynomial in $\,z\,$ i.e. by $\,\mu=c\eta\,$ alone. The "scale" of the roots is dictated by the $\,\alpha\,$ factor in $\,x = \alpha z\,$.
When $\,n\,$ is large and $\,|z| \gt 1\,$ the non-constant terms dominate, so it is expected that a root exists near $\,z^{n+1} - (\mu + 1) z^n \simeq 0\,$ $\,\iff z \simeq \mu+1\,$ $\,\iff x \simeq -(c \eta+1)e^{-1/\tau}\,$.
When $\,\mu\,$ is large the last two terms dominate, so it is expected that roots exist near $\,-(\mu + 1) z^n + \mu \simeq 0\,$ i.e. near the $\,n^{th}\,$ roots $\,z \simeq \left(\dfrac{\mu}{\mu+1}\right)^{1/n}\,$. In this case, the roots in $\,x\,$ will lie near the circle $\,|x| \simeq |\alpha|\left(\dfrac{\mu}{\mu+1}\right)^{1/n} = e^{-1/\tau} \left(\dfrac{c \eta}{c \eta + 1}\right)^{1/n}\,$.
The equation can be solved numerically, but there is no closed form solution for $\,n \ge 5\,$.
Incidentally, the same equation was discussed in Annual interest rate in amortized loan, though the focus there was on the real roots.
Thank you @dxiv for the nice answer. I still couldn't figure out how you solved this part:
$$
\sum_{i=0}^{n-1} x^{n-i-1} \alpha^i = x^n - \mu\alpha \frac{x^n - \alpha^n}{x - \alpha}
$$
Can you guide me to a reference? Is it just a geometric series?
@NosratMohammadi Your RHS is not right, but other than that it's the difference of powers identity:
$$
a^n - b^n = (a-b)(a^{n-1}+a^{n-2}b+a^{n-3}b^2 + \dots + ab^{n-2}+b^{n-1})
$$
$$
\iff\quad a^{n-1}+a^{n-2}b+a^{n-3}b^2 + \dots + ab^{n-2}+b^{n-1} = \frac{a^n-b^n}{a-b}
$$
With $,a=1,$ this can also be written as the sum of a geometric progression:
$$
1+b+b^2+\dots+b^{n-1} = \frac{1-b^n}{1-b}
$$
Oh right. This is very beautiful!
Thank you so much @dxiv.
| 31,713 |
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetragona%20beebei | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Tetragona beebei | https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetragona beebei&action=history | Vietnamese | Spoken | 31 | 61 | Tetragona beebei là một loài Hymenoptera trong họ Apidae. Loài này được Schwarz mô tả khoa học năm 1938.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
Tetragona
Động vật được mô tả năm 1938 | 40,682 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48621474 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | RakeshSharma227, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6362692, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7571258, zett42 | English | Spoken | 84 | 142 | How to uninstall google chrome using registry in windows system?
I have seen that by deleting the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\Google Chrome
folder we can Uninstall Google chrome. But in my computer I don't have Google Chrome folder.
Deleting this registry key does not really uninstall the software. It just removes the entry under "Programs and Features", but the software keeps being installed, meaning all files and any additional registry keys that have been created by the installer, will still be there.
Can't we uninstall from registry?then
| 39,494 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umreth | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Umreth | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Umreth&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 128 | 242 | Umreth è una suddivisione dell'India, classificata come municipality, di 32.192 abitanti, situata nel distretto di Anand, nello stato federato del Gujarat. In base al numero di abitanti la città rientra nella classe III (da 20.000 a 49.999 persone).
Geografia fisica
La città è situata a 22° 41' 60 N e 73° 7' 0 E e ha un'altitudine di 46 .
Società
Evoluzione demografica
Al censimento del 2001 la popolazione di Umreth assommava a 32.192 persone, delle quali 16.685 maschi e 15.507 femmine. I bambini di età inferiore o uguale ai sei anni assommavano a 3.781, dei quali 2.051 maschi e 1.730 femmine. Infine, coloro che erano in grado di saper almeno leggere e scrivere erano 22.810, dei quali 12.995 maschi e 9.815 femmine.
Note
Centri abitati del Gujarat | 35,416 |
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeting%20Gorbachev | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Meeting Gorbachev | https://cy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meeting Gorbachev&action=history | Welsh | Spoken | 135 | 317 | Ffilm ddogfen gan y cyfarwyddwyr Werner Herzog a André Singer yw Meeting Gorbachev a gyhoeddwyd yn 2018. Y cwmni cynhyrchu oedd A&E Networks. Mae'n ffilm a ddosbarthwyd drwy fideo ar alw.
Mae'r ffilm Meeting Gorbachev yn 90 munud o hyd.
Fel y nodwyd, cyhoeddwyd y ffilm yn 2018. Ffilm fwyaf poblogaidd y flwyddyn honno oedd The Guilty sef ffilm drosedd gan Gustav Möller.
Cyfarwyddwr
Ganwyd y cyfarwyddwr ffilm Werner Herzog ar 5 Medi 1942 ym München. Roedd yn fwyaf cynhyrchiol yn 1962 ond ni ellir dweud fod y gwaith wedi cyrraedd enwogrwydd byd-eang. Derbyniodd ei addysg ym Mhrifysgol München.
Ymhlith y gwobrau mae wedi'u hennill y mae:
Derbyniad
Gweler hefyd
Cyhoeddodd Werner Herzog nifer o ffilmiau gan gynnwys y canlynol:
Cyfeiriadau
Ffilmiau gan gyfarwyddwyr ffilm gwrywaidd
Ffilmiau 2018
Ffilmiau a ddosbarthwyd drwy fideo ar alwad | 27,549 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55188550 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | Ambrus Tóth, Progman, Sangeet, abdev, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10179301, https://stackoverflow.com/users/11149865, https://stackoverflow.com/users/286934, https://stackoverflow.com/users/9087223 | Dutch | Spoken | 554 | 978 | Reflection in unit test
This method is getting one value from person object and converting that value to a new value and returning it.
public String function(Person person)
{
List<Activities> activities= person.getListOfActivities();
String value1= "";
for (Activities ac: activities)
{
Bungee1 bun1= (Bungee1) ac;
value1= bun1.getValue();
}
String convertedValue = "";
if (!value1.isEmpty())
{
convertedValue= convert(value1);
}
return convertedValue;
}
This test case is checking for the assertEquals(expectedValue, actualValue)
@Test
public void testFunction()
{
Person person = setHardCodedValuestoPersonObject();
Method method =ABC.class.getDeclaredMethod("funtion", Person.class);
method.setAccessible(true);
String actualValue= (String)method.invoke(new ABC(), person);
assertEquals(expectedValue,actualValue);
}
This method is in test class only and used to set the hardcode values to the object
public void setHardCodedValuestoPersonObject()
{
Student student= new Student();
student.setName("Sahil");
student.setAge(27);
student.setPlace("California");
Activities activities = setList();
student.setListOfActivities(activities);
return student;
}
This method is used to set the values to the list of object
public void setList()
{
Person person = new Person();
person.setId(getId());--->123
person.setValue1(getRandomValue());--->124
return person;
}
This is my method for which I need to write unit test. I need
to check for expectedValue and actualValue.
The problem is the expectedValue will get changed ,it gets incremented, if I
change the sequence of setters method in setList()
for e.g.
person.setValue1()---> its value 123
person.setId()--->124).
So how to add expectedValue in testCase so that i can get different values
according to the sequence. I thought we hardcode
expectedValue, but in my case expectedValue will change. How to add that?
I have one question also: Can I use invoke() of Reflection twice in unit test
for a same method or different method?
Thanks in advance.
Please [edit] your question to include the full source codes you have as a [mcve], which can be compiled and tested by others. Then explain what you want to test there.
The block of code you are meaning to test must be doing a single, specific thing.
If it is doing it right then there is no need of verifying it for 100 or even 10 other values. You test ONE logical concept per test and that's why we have one assert per test. So you were correct to think
I thought we hardcode expectedValue
So always think of better tests instead of running it against multiple values.
Though running private methods directly is not a best practice, I use Whitebox.invokeMethod() whenever there is such need and it can be called more than once. A PowerMockito user here.
I got it but the thing is, what if some other developer add some other setter before setValue1() in setList(). Then the value of Value1 becomes 124..and then test will fail as the expectedValue was 123]
Test cases are not meant to be changed frequently (or at all actually) because you are testing a functionality. You can't foresee every possible case right. Add: Maybe you can try multiple assert statements.
Tests are not necessarily supposed to have only one assert. In fact, they should test whatever relevant property the functionality has. E.g. verifying that some fields in the database have been updated, and also verifying the return value of the function is totally acceptable. If there is a more complex property of the function that you want to test, you can take a look at randomized property based tests such as https://jqwik.net/ or just simply use parameterized tests and call it multiple times with different values.
| 2,415 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1650953 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,016 | Stack Exchange | Darius Ionut, Nick, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/27349, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/312723 | English | Spoken | 284 | 480 | Questions abaout ring
I have a comutative ring (R,+,.) with unity then i have to say which of the following is true:
A[X]=A[[X]]
A[X] included in A
A[X] included in A[[X]]
A[[X]] included in A[X]
I can't figure it out.
Recall the definitions of polynomial and power series rings to rule out the first and last choices (because any power series with an infinite number of terms is NOT a polynomial). On the other hand, a polynomial is a power series which just happens to have only finitely many non-zero terms, so the third choice is true. The second choice is obviously false, since the indeterminate "$x$" is not in $A$.
Hi Darius, welcome to SE. Please be more specific than simply "I can't figure it out". Show us what you've tried, and where you got stuck. The fact that "you can't figure it out" is obvious, since you'd not have posted the question if you could figure it out. Also, @Nick, consider posting an answer as an answer instead of a comment.
@Nick thank you, i understand it now, my notes wasn't so clear about this.
Do you know what each of these are?
$$A[x]=\left\{\sum_{i=0}^n a_ix^i\mid a_i\in A\right\}$$
$$A[[x]]=\left\{\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} a_ix^i\mid a_i\in A\right\}$$
Clearly each element of $A$ is an element of both of these because we can choose the polynomial $a_0+0x+0x^2+\dots$.
Note the only difference in the first and second definition is that in the first, we must have all terms zero after some point. In the second, we can have nonzero terms forever. So which one should be a subset of the other?
Thank you for the explication, i didn't find the second definition in my theory notes but now i understand.
| 21,802 |
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampung%20Setek | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Kampung Setek | https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kampung Setek&action=history | Malay | Spoken | 92 | 237 | Kampung Setek merupakan sebuah kampung yang terletak di Ketereh, dalam negeri Kelantan Darul Naim, iaitu sebuah negeri di utara Malaysia. Kelantan merupakan sebuah negeri di utara Malaysia, dengan keluasan lebih kurang 14,922 km². Ia terletak di timur laut Semenanjung Malaysia, berhadapan dengan Laut China Selatan, dan bersempadan dengan Provinsi Narathiwat, Thailand. Kelantan ialah sebuah negeri agraria (pertanian) yang mempunyai banyak kawasan tanaman padi dan perkampungan nelayan.
Kemudahan asas
Pendidikan
Tempat beribadat
Poskod
Poskod yang digunakan di Kampung Setek, Ketereh, Kelantan adalah 16450.
Rujukan
Pautan luar
Lokasi Kampung Setek di Peta Google
Setek | 27,818 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58460533 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | English | Spoken | 437 | 771 | Nested For Loops for Finding Largest Value
I am learning how to work with nested loops. I need to find the position of the maximum value of the 'n x n' matrix, and I understand that I need to include a conditional statement that stops the nested for loops once the maximum value is confirmed. So far I managed to program a nested loop that iterates through each row and column of the matrix to output its final position.
To find the maximum of the matrix, I know a possible approach is using:
max(sum(matrix, []))
However, I am not entirely sure where to place this condition to return what I am looking for.
When you do for i in range(n), i will increase in each iteration of the loop on its own. You don't need to increment it.
Here is how you would go about traversing the matrix:
n = len(matrix)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
print('position ({}, {}) in matrix: {}'.format(i, j, n[i][j]))
So to find the position of the maximum value, you can keep track of the largest value you've seen so far, and the position of that value, like this:
n = len(matrix)
max_value = float('-inf')
max_position = None
for i in range(n):
for j in range(n):
value = n[i][j]
if value > max_value:
max_value = value
max_position = (i, j)
print('max value is {} at position ({}, {})'.format(
max_value,
max_position[0],
max_position[1]
))
You can try this steps:
Assume that the fisrt element of the matrix is the one having maximum value i.e element at [0,0] position do following, store position in two variables (e.x. row=0,col=0) and the value in max
Now, iterate through the matrix as you normally would and at every iteration check if the current element (position [i,j]) is greater than the one stored in max, if yes then replace the value of max with current element vList itemalue along with row and col and if no, then continue with next iteration.
Return row and col.
import numpy as np
print("enter the dimensions")
m = int(input())
n = int(input())
print("enter the elements of the matrix")
list1 = []
for i in range(m):
list2 = []
for j in range(n):
list2.append(int(input()))
list1.append(list2)
print(np.asarray(list1))
max_elements = []
for i in range(m):
list1[i].sort()
max_element = list1[i][n-1]
max_elements.append(max_element)
max_elements.sort()
the_max_element = max_elements[m-1]
print(the_max_element)
I have used the concept of sorting the inner lists and then accessing the largest elements from them. Another sort is done on this new generated list to get the largest element.
Hope the above code helps you. Have used numpy to print the list in a multi-dimensional format.
| 11,657 | |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26435653 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,014 | Stack Exchange | Tennessee Leeuwenburg, cm2, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1034317, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1740200 | English | Spoken | 426 | 600 | How do I embed an Ipython Notebook in an iframe (new)
I have successfully achieved this using the method documented at Run IPython Notebook in Iframe from another Domain . However, this required editing the user config file. I was really hoping to be able to set this up via the command-line instead (for reasons).
http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/1/config/overview.html indicates that configuration via the command line is possible. However, all the examples are for simple true/false value assignment. To set the server up to allow embedding, it is necessary to set a value inside a dictionary. I can't work out how to pass a dictionary in through the command-line.
Another acceptable option would be a configuration overrides file.
Some people will wonder -- why all this trouble!?!
First of all, this isn't for production. I'm trying to support non-developers by writing a web-based application which integrates Ipython notebooks within it using iframes. Despite being on the same machine, it appears that the different port number used is enough to mean that I can't do simple iframe embedding without setting the x-frame insecurity bit.
Being able to do this via the command line lets me set the behaviour in the launch script rather than having to bundle a special configuration file inside my app, and also write an installer.
I really hope I've make the question clear enough! Thanks for any and all suggestions and help!
Can you not simply create a profile and have that bundled with your app? I don't see the need for an installer, you just need to specify your profile on the command line with --profile your_profile.
cm2, I did what you suggested in the end, but it does require an installer in order to create the profile in the first place. I have a fabric script which runs the profile creation, and then copies a config file into the profile directory. Then the main app can specify the profile just as you suggest. This approach makes it slightly more complex as compared with a simple passed parameter but it does the job. Thanks for the suggestion.
Looking over the IPython source for the loaders, it seems like it will execute whatever python code you put on the right hand side. I've not tested it, but based on the link you provided, you can probably pass something like
--NotebookApp.webapp_settings=dict('headers'=dict('X-Frame-Options'='ALLOW-FROM https://example.com/'))
I tried a bunch of different things, including this, and they didn't work. It looks like whatever's loading the values doesn't do a full eval on the expression. Great, great suggestion, but no dice unfortunately.
| 42,140 |
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibramia | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Fibramia | https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fibramia&action=history | Spanish | Spoken | 98 | 235 | Fibramia es un género de peces de la familia Apogonidae, del orden Perciformes. Este género marino fue descrito por primera vez en 2014 por Thomas Henry Fraser y Kohji Mabuchi.
Especies
Especies reconocidas del género:
Fibramia amboinensis (Bleeker, 1853)
Fibramia lateralis (Valenciennes, 1832)
Fibramia thermalis (G. Cuvier, 1829)
Referencias
Referencias adicionales
Mabuchi, K. et al. 2014: Revision of the systematics of the cardinalfishes (Percomorpha: Apogonidae) based on molecular analyses and comparative reevaluation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 3846(2): 151-203. DOI:10.11646/zootaxa.3846.2.1.
Enlaces externos
Fibramia Encyclopedia of Life.
Fibramia Catalogue of Life.
Fibramia Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
Apogonidae
Géneros de peces | 9,908 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54378902 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,019 | Stack Exchange | Maurice Meyer, Mohamed , Talha Israr, https://stackoverflow.com/users/10923627, https://stackoverflow.com/users/4407457, https://stackoverflow.com/users/7216865 | English | Spoken | 325 | 915 | Format the string with missing elements - Python
I have the following string:
string1 = "1/0/1/A1,A2"
string2 = "1/1/A1,A2"
string3 = "0/A1,A2"
In the above strings I have to replace the character with zero if it does not exist. The default structure will be "number/number/number/any_character`", if any of number is missing It has to replace with zero. The answer will be as follows.
print(string1) = "1/0/1/A1,A2"
print(string2) = "1/1/0/A1,A2"
print(string3) = "0/0/0/A1,A2"
how will the code know which element is missing.... that means in string3 = "0/A1,A2" are 0 and A1 the 3rd and 4th elements
You can use str.split:
def pad_string(_input, _add='0'):
*_vals, _str = _input.split('/')
return '/'.join([*_vals, *([_add]*(3-len(_vals))), _str])
results = list(map(pad_string, ['1/0/1/A1,A2', '1/1/A1,A2', '0/A1,A2']))
Output:
['1/0/1/A1,A2', '1/1/0/A1,A2', '0/0/0/A1,A2']
If you want to use just string manipulation and loops, try this
strings_list = []
for string in [string1, string2, string3]: # make list containing all strings
strings_list.append(string)
new_strings = [] # make list containing the new strings
for string in strings_list:
if string.count("0/") + string.count("1/") == 3:
# identify the strings not missing a number
new_strings.append(string)
if string.count("0/") + string.count("1/") == 2:
# identify the strings missing 1 number
string = string[:4] + "0/" + string[4:]
new_strings.append(string)
if string.count("0/") + string.count("1/") == 1:
# identify the strings missing 2 numbers
string = string[:2] + "0/" + string[2:]
new_strings.append(string)
print(new_strings)
This results in ['1/0/1/A1,A2', '1/1/0/A1,A2', '0/0/A1,A2'].
You can easily fill missing elements from the left:
def fillZeros(item):
chunks = item.split('/')
for inserts in range(0, 4 - len(chunks)):
chunks.insert(0, '0')
return '/'.join(chunks)
string1 = "1/0/1/A1,A2"
string2 = "1/1/A1,A2"
string3 = "0/A1,A2"
for myString in (string1, string2, string3):
print fillZeros(myString)
Prints:
1/0/1/A1,A2
0/1/1/A1,A2
0/0/0/A1,A2
But for you string2 example you need to identify which element is missing: 1/1/A1,A2. Is the first or the third element missing ?!
Third element. It only validate suffix
Yes - how do you distinguish between suffix and prefix ?
Always we have to append to suffix.
Ajax1234's answer covers this :)
| 38,798 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%ABr%C4%ABbam%20Sar | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Sūrībam Sar | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sūrībam Sar&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 197 | 330 | Bukid ang Sūrībam Sar sa Pakistan. Nahimutang ni sa lalawigan sa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, sa amihanan-sidlakang bahin sa nasod, km sa amihanan-kasadpan sa Islamabad ang ulohan sa nasod. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Sūrībam Sar, o ka metros sa ibabaw sa naglibot nga tereyn. Mga ka kilometro ang gilapdon sa tiilan niini.
Ang yuta palibot sa Sūrībam Sar kasagaran kabungtoran, apan sa diha-diha nga ang mga palibot nga kini mao ang patag. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Kot Sar, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa amihanan-sidlakan sa Sūrībam Sar. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Sūrībam Sar nga hilabihan populasyon. Hapit nalukop sa kaumahan ang palibot sa Sūrībam Sar. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Sūrībam Sar, kabukiran talagsaon komon.
Ang klima umogon ug subtropikal. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hunyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Agosto, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Nobiyembre, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Kabukiran sa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
Kabukiran sa Pakistan nga mas taas kay sa 500 metros ibabaw sa dagat nga lebel | 50,823 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75627005 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Stack Exchange | StackoverBlows, https://stackoverflow.com/users/19979278 | English | Spoken | 186 | 351 | Ionic how to integrate screensharing in mobile using Twilio
I was integrated the video calling with room creations using Twilio npm package after that I got another requirement to implement screen sharing functionality the below code working fine for the web browsers but during the video call in mobile app is not working, if any help provided how to do that implementation with Twilio or without Twilio will be appreciated.
mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia({ constraints }).then(stream =\> {
this.screenTrack = new LocalVideoTrack(stream.getTracks()\[0\],);
room.localParticipant.publishTrack(this.screenTrack);
this.screenshared(this.screenTrack);
this.shareText = 'Stop sharing';
this.screenTrack.mediaStreamTrack.onended = () =\> { this.shareScreen() };
}).catch((err) =\> {
console.log(err);
alert('Could not share the screen.');
});
You say it's not working but you haven't showed anything that indicates that. You need to provide more info such as the console logs.
Unfortunately, the method mediaDevices.getDisplayMedia() does not work on WebView Android and some other mobile browsers. You can check the browser compatibility for getDisplayMedia() here.
Please note that getDisplayMedia() may not be available on all mobile browsers or WebView implementations. You may need to find an alternative solution or consider using a different approach for capturing the display on mobile devices.
| 47,938 |
https://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/68780 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,021 | Stack Exchange | Alper, Bob Jansen, https://quant.stackexchange.com/users/47484, https://quant.stackexchange.com/users/848 | English | Spoken | 270 | 348 | What share price to use to calculate forecast accuracy?
I've been reading about models like Thiel's-U but I can't figure out what I should use for the actual trading price.
The dilemma is this: the analyst reports I’m looking at are forecasting for 12-18 months into the future. I considered just adding 15 (average of 12 and 18) months to whenever the report was published and comparing their price target to the closing price on that single day (i.e., June 1, 2001 compared to September 1, 2002). But this seems to have a very small margin of error and is susceptible to abnormal trading days.
I also considered using a 6-month running average centered at 15 months after the report (i.e., the report from June 1, 2001 compared to the average price from June 1, 2002 to December 1, 2002). This seems like a much better option, but I wanted to know if there was already some established practice that I'm missing here.
Don't delete and create the same question again please. Bumping your question like this is not tolerated.
Can’t give you a recommendation on what to do but I sense a problem with your premises. Equity research target prices, if for the next 12- or 18-months, are not exactly forecasts of future prices. They are usually based on what the analyst thinks the company's equity is worth today given today’s interest rates, comparable multiples, etc. The future target price is, then, arrived simply by inflating today's fair price by the company’s estimated cost of equity or multiplying earnings, etc. by a slightly higher multiple than the currently prevailing.
| 15,485 |
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E5%88%87%E6%A7%98%E3%81%AE%E7%AE%B1%E5%85%A5%E5%A8%98 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | 鬼切様の箱入娘 | https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=鬼切様の箱入娘&action=history | Japanese | Spoken | 102 | 2,992 | 『鬼切様の箱入娘』（おにきりさまのはこいりむすめ）は、有楽彰展による日本の漫画作品。『月刊少年ガンガン』（スクウェア・エニックス）2006年7月号・11月号・12月号の計3回の読切掲載を経て、2007年3月号より2010年11月号まで連載された。不定期連載であり、基本的に一話完結型のストーリーである。単行本は全4巻。2009年1月23日にドラマCDが発売された。
ストーリー
ある日、少年・綾史は蔵の中にある謎の箱の封を切って開けてしまう。そこには何故か女の子が入っており、しかもその少女は綾史の命を狙っているようだが……。
登場人物
※キャストはドラマCD版のもの。
千沙耶（ちさや）
声 - 斎藤千和
主人公。300年前に生まれた、鬼と人の間の子。耶櫃に封印され、300年の時を経た現在に綾史が封印を解いた事により再び目を覚ました。
母は幻術で人を魅了する鬼である妖狐（ようこ）であり、千沙耶もその力を受け継いでいる。その母は鬼切の使命により耶櫃に殺されており、そのため耶櫃にそっくりな綾史を耶櫃と勘違いして殺そうとするが、鬼の怨霊に殺されかけた所を綾史に助けられてからは和解。その後は綾史と行動を共にするようになる。
現在は人として平穏な生活を送っているうちに、憎しみの対象であった耶櫃に対しての考えを少し理解するようになってきた。少女のような姿をしてはいるが、威厳のある喋り方をする。中身は食いしん坊で甘えん坊なガキ大将。
伏緒 綾史（ふしお あやふみ）
声 - くまいもとこ
伏緒耶櫃の子孫。小学5年生。ひょんな事から千沙耶の封印を解いてしまい、千沙耶に命を狙われることに。その後両者は和解し、千沙耶の面倒見役となる。鬼の怨霊を倒せる唯一の武器、鬼伏の所持者。千沙耶が人の世に溶け込めるようになるよう、いつも苦労している。
伏緒 耶櫃（ふしお やひつ）
声 - 波多野和俊
綾史の300年前の祖先で、伏緒家4代目当主。親のない千沙耶を養女とし、彼女が人の世に溶け込めるよう色々手を尽くしたようだが、現段階では無理だと悟り、彼女を封印して後世に託した。立場的には千沙耶とは血縁関係のない親娘になるが、千沙耶に恋慕や親愛の情を抱いていたようだ。しかし、千沙耶からは母の仇として未だに恨まれている。
鬼伏には彼の意思が練り込まれており、綾史だけは鬼伏を通して彼の声を聞く事が出来る。
伏緒 頼史（ふしお よりふみ）
声 - 大林隆介
綾史の父で、鬼伏神社の主。ユニークな人物。千沙耶を実の娘のように可愛がっている。
伏緒 綾音（ふしお あやね）
声 - 天野由梨
朗らかで優しい綾史の母。千沙耶を実の娘のように可愛がっている。千沙耶も綾音を母のように想っている。
園部 まい（そのべ まい）
声 - 阿澄佳奈
綾史の同級生で、クラスの委員長。隙のない性格から近寄りがたい雰囲気があるが、実は幼い頃に犬から助けてもらったことがきっかけで綾史に恋心を抱いて以来、綾史を想い続けている。2人きりの時に何度か告白しようとしてはいるが、その度に邪魔が入る。
綾史のいる神社には幼い頃によく遊びに来ていたが、木登りの得意な綾史と一緒に木に登ろうとした事で逆に降りられなくなり、綾史を巻き込んで病院送りの事故を起こした。その事で神社に行く事を親に止められ、それ以来ほとんど来なくなった。
綾史と千沙耶の関係が気にかかったことで数年ぶりに神社に来たが、よく分からないうちに千沙耶に捕まり、近所の子供達と鬼ごっこをやらされることになる。それ以来、また普通に神社に遊びに来るようになる。カップルの間に割って入る「園部カッター」という技を持つ。
千刈（せんがり）
綾史の同級生にして悪友。普段、綾史から宿題のノートを写させてもらっているらしい。園部が綾史に惚れている事を知っている。千沙耶の名義上の仲間だが、実質舎弟のようになっている。千沙耶が好き。
一庫由梨絵（ひとくら ゆりえ）
声 - 遠藤綾
綾史の幼馴染である年上の女性で、巨乳。通称「ゆり姉」。子供達への面倒見が良く、千沙耶や綾史達ともよく一緒になって遊んでいる。綾史はゆり姉に惚れているのだが、当の彼女は綾史は千沙耶に惚れていると勘違いしている。単行本最終4巻の番外編では絡んできた不良2人をあしらうほど腕っ節が強く、不良たちの間では「泣く子も黙る裏伝説のゆり姉」と恐れられている。
摩耶 透（まや とおる）
声 - 沢城みゆき
鬼切「摩耶一族」の末裔。鬼を捕らえ、収集することを目的としている。人型の鬼である千沙耶に興味を示す。「鬼縛りの針」と呼ばれる道具を用い、これが当たると生身の人間でも気絶する。少年のような身なりや言動で登場したが、その後女性である事が判明する。兄が理想的な女像を持っていた事から、幼い頃より「可憐で淑やかな身なりや言動」などを強制させられてきた事への反発から、現在ではあえて正反対のキャラクターになってしまった。
学校では「王子様」と呼ばれ、女生徒達から羨望の眼差しで見られている。兄を見返すため、半人半鬼として希少価値の高い千沙耶をコレクションにしようと画策してはいるが、捕獲のために何度か近づいている間に、自分と境遇の似ている千沙耶に同調するようになり、若干熱意が薄れつつある。
千沙耶に名前を聞かれた際に、「摩耶」と言いかけた所をとっさに「山田」と偽名を使った事から、千沙耶からは“まやまだ”と呼ばれ続けている。
摩耶 虎親（まや とらちか）
透の兄。透に対しては、一方的に兄妹以上の異常な溺愛をしている。摩耶一族の性質から、透以上にコレクター気質。
透に理想の服や表情をさせ、それらを撮った写真を収めた「妹アルバム」を大事に持っている。
物集女（もずめ）
虎親に仕える摩耶家の女中。綾史が透の想い人と思い込み、嫉妬した虎親の指示で綾史に干渉した。虎親に惚れている。
書誌情報
有楽彰展『鬼切様の箱入娘』スクウェア・エニックス〈ガンガンコミックス〉、全4巻
2007年11月22日発売、2007年12月22日初版発行 ISBN 978-4-7575-2115-5表紙：千沙耶
2009年1月22日発売、2009年2月22日初版発行 ISBN 978-4-7575-2474-3表紙：園部まい、一庫由梨絵
2009年11月21日発売 ISBN 978-4-7575-2719-5表紙：伏緒綾史、摩耶透
2011年4月22日発売 ISBN 978-4-7575-3022-5表紙：千沙耶（妖狐化）、摩耶虎親
関連商品
ドラマCD 鬼切様の箱入娘（フロンティアワークス、2009年1月23日）
脚注・出典
外部リンク
にきりさまのはこいりむすめ
2006年の漫画
月刊少年ガンガンの漫画作品
鬼を題材とした漫画作品
妖怪を題材とした漫画作品
小学校を舞台とした漫画作品
家族を題材とした漫画作品
沖縄県を舞台とした作品
ドラマCD | 7,632 |
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Yongliang | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Yang Yongliang | https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yang Yongliang&action=history | Dutch | Spoken | 216 | 414 | Yang Yongliang (vereenvoudigd Chinees: 杨泳梁; traditioneel Chinees: 楊泳樑) (Shanghai, 27 juli 1980) is een Chinese kunstenaar en maker van schilderijen, foto's, installaties en video's.
Als jonge student studeerde Yongliang Chinese schilderkunst en kalligrafie voordat hij naar de kunstacademie van Shanghai ging. Daar specialiseerde hij zich vanaf 1996 in decoratie en design. In 1999 ging hij naar de China Academy of Art om visuele communicatie te gaan studeren. Zijn carrière als kunstenaar begon Yongliang in 2005, naar eigen zeggen met als doel "het creëren van nieuwe vormen van hedendaagse kunst". Een jaar later ging hij lesgeven aan het Shanghai Institute of Visual Art.
Zijn kunstwerken zijn doorgaans imposant en groot van formaat. In zijn monochrome picturale composities komen de bergen, bossen en rivieren van de traditionele Chinese schilderkunst samen met de opeenstapelingen van wolkenkrabbers, hoogspanningslijnen, bouwkranen, stortplaatsen, kermisattracties en drukke snelwegen.
Onder meer het Metropolitan Museum of Art, Museum of Fine Arts, British Museum, National Gallery of Victoria en Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris hebben Yongliangs werk opgenomen in hun collectie. Daarnaast werd het wereldwijd tentoongesteld. In de Lage Landen was dit in de Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van België, Stedelijk Museum Zwolle en Sophie Maree Gallery, en tijdens Noorderlicht.
Momenteel woont en werkt Yongliang zowel in Shanghai als New York.
Chinees kunstenaar | 22,747 |
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20miejska%20Kranj | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Gmina miejska Kranj | https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gmina miejska Kranj&action=history | Polish | Spoken | 27 | 75 | Gmina miejska Kranj (słoweń.: Mestna občina Kranj) – gmina w Słowenii. W 2002 roku liczyła 51 200 mieszkańców.
Miejscowości
Miejscowości wchodzące w skład miejskiej Kranj:
Przypisy
Kranj | 18,833 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronephrium%20firmulum | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Pronephrium firmulum | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pronephrium firmulum&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 72 | 138 | Kaliwatan sa tanom ang Pronephrium firmulum. sakop sa ka-ulo nga Tracheophyta, ug Una ning gihulagway ni Bak., ug gihatagan sa eksakto nga ngalan ni Holtt.. Ang Pronephrium firmulum sakop sa kahenera nga Pronephrium, ug kabanay nga Thelypteridaceae.
Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
Borneo
Sarawak
Sabah (estado)
Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Tanom
Tanom sa Borneo
Tanom sa Sarawak
Tanom sa Sabah (estado)
Pronephrium | 3,692 |
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9%20%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%20%28%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Плосковский сельсовет (Курганская область) | https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Плосковский сельсовет (Курганская область)&action=history | Russian | Spoken | 90 | 271 | Плосковский сельсовет — упразднённые сельское поселение и соответствующая административно-территориальная единица в Лебяжьевском районе Курганской области Российской Федерации.
Административный центр — село Плоское.
История
Статус и границы сельского поселения установлены Законом Курганской области от 4 ноября 2004 года № 720 «Об установлении границ муниципального образования Плосковского сельсовета, входящего в состав муниципального образования Лебяжьевского района».
10 декабря 2020 года Плосковский сельсовет упразднён в связи с преобразованием Лебяжьевского муниципального района в муниципальный округ.
Население
Состав сельского поселения
Примечания
Муниципальные образования Лебяжьевского района
Упразднённые сельские поселения Курганской области
Сельские поселения, упразднённые в 2020 году | 4,544 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81lezg%C4%ABr%20Ch%C4%ABna | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Pālezgīr Chīna | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pālezgīr Chīna&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 154 | 289 | Tubud ang Pālezgīr Chīna sa Pakistan. Nahimutang ni sa lalawigan sa Balochistān, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Islamabad ang ulohan sa nasod. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Pālezgīr Chīna.
Ang yuta palibot sa Pālezgīr Chīna hataas nga gitas patag. Ang kinahabogang dapit sa palibot dunay gihabogon nga ka metro ug km sa habagatan-kasadpan sa Pālezgīr Chīna. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado Hapit nalukop sa desiyerto ug kamingawan ang palibot sa Pālezgīr Chīna medyo gamay nga populasyon. Sa palibot sa Pālezgīr Chīna. Sa rehiyon palibot sa Pālezgīr Chīna, mga tubud talagsaon komon.
Ang klima bugnaw nga ugahon. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Marso, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Nobiyembre, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga tubud sa Balochistān | 24,429 |
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matija%20Kolari%C4%87 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Matija Kolarić | https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matija Kolarić&action=history | Italian | Spoken | 41 | 98 |
Caratteristiche tecniche
È un mediano.
Carriera
Cresciuto nel settore giovanile del , ha esordito in prima squadra il 24 settembre 2014 disputando l'incontro di Hrvatski nogometni kup vinto 1-0 contro il .
Palmarès
Club
Competizioni nazionali
Varaždin: 2018-2019
Note
Collegamenti esterni | 29,386 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoljub%20Simonovi%C4%87 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Dragoljub Simonović | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dragoljub Simonović&action=history | English | Spoken | 194 | 346 | Dragoljub Simonović (, ; born 30 October 1972) is a Serbian-born Bulgarian former footballer.
Club career
Simonović began his club career at the local FK Obilić, before transferring to Bulgarian Litex Lovech in 1998, where he won the 1998/1999 Bulgarian Championship. In 2001, he transferred to CSKA Sofia.
He also played one match for the Bulgaria national team.
Coaching career
He had been appointed on 16 January 2006 as a manager of OFC Sliven 2000.
Simonović won the Bulgarian second division thus qualified the club in top division for 2008/2009 season. In January 2009 he became manager of Spartak Varna.
References
External links
Living people
1972 births
Serbian football managers
Serbian men's footballers
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate men's footballers
Bulgarian men's footballers
Bulgaria men's international footballers
FK Obilić players
PFC Litex Lovech players
PFC CSKA Sofia players
PFC Litex Lovech managers
FC Spartak Varna managers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Belgrade
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Bulgarian people of Serbian descent
Yugoslav men's footballers
Serbia and Montenegro men's footballers
Naturalised citizens of Bulgaria
Naturalised association football players
Serbia and Montenegro expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Bulgarian football managers | 19,058 |
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almu%C3%B1%C3%A9car | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Almuñécar | https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Almuñécar&action=history | Indonesian | Spoken | 170 | 392 | Almuñécar () adalah sebuah kota dan munisipalitas Spanyol yang terletak di bagian barat daya comarca Costa Granadina, di provinsi Granada. Terletak di tepi laut Mediterania dan berbatasan dengan kotamadya Granadin di Otívar, Jete, Ítrabo dan Salobreña, dan dengan kotamadya Malagueño di Nerja. Sungai Verde mengalir sepanjang masanya. Kotamadya sexitano mencakup pusat populasi Almuñécar —ibu kota kota—, La Herradura, Velilla-Taramay, Torrecuevas, Río Seco, El Rescate, dan El Cerval.
Sejak tahun 1975, kota ini telah menjadi salah satu kota wisata terpenting di provinsi Granada dan di Costa Granadina; ia memiliki koneksi transportasi yang baik dan stadion sepak bola.
Almuñécar adalah latar penting dalam catatan Laurie Lee tentang pecahnya Perang Saudara Spanyol di As I Walked Out One Midsummer Morning (Saat Saya Berjalan Keluar Di Suatu Pagi Pertengahan Musim Panas), dan disebut sebagai "Castillo" untuk menyamarkan identitas orang.
Lambang Almuñécar, yang menunjukkan kepala bersorban dari tiga bajak laut Barbary yang mengapung di laut, diberikan ke kota oleh Raja Carlos I pada tahun 1526 karena telah menghancurkan pasukan penyerang Berber.
Referensi
Kota di Spanyol | 17,696 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/31471949 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,015 | Stack Exchange | Mirza, Subodh Joshi, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2627215, https://stackoverflow.com/users/476828 | English | Spoken | 177 | 324 | Why Resource path is coming null in Windows by Java code?
I am writing to get the path of a file
if (!new File(path).exists()) {
URL location = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(path);
if (location == null) {
location = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResource(path);
}
path = location.getPath();
path = URLDecoder.decode(path, "utf-8");
path = new File(path).getPath();
if (!new File(path).exists()) {
throw new Exception("Unable to resolve path: " + path);
}
}
the same code working for Linux machine but for Windows i am getting location = Null and path=./../config/equipmenttemplates/ is already there.
does your path starts with a slash ??
This Path is coming dynamically i am working on web application with Jboss server This Path is defined in properties file EQUIPMENT_TEMPLATE_FILES_LOC=./../config/equipmenttemplates/ So i am reading from there then try to get location
Ok. I am asking this because most of the time slashes make a lot of difference. Sometimes they work on linux and not on windows and sometimes vice versa. So if you check manually if the path you are getting really exist then it may save you a lot of time
| 30,764 |
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen%20Wehrli | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Eugen Wehrli | https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eugen Wehrli&action=history | Swedish | Spoken | 37 | 80 | Eugen Wehrli, född den 17 mars 1871 i Frauenfeld, död den 24 juni 1958 i Gartenstadt Münchenstein, var en schweizisk entomolog som specialiserade sig på fjärilar.
Källor
Schweiziska entomologer
Personer från Frauenfeld
Män
Födda 1871
Avlidna 1958 | 465 |
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Hills%20Park%20%28parke%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Iowa%2C%20Pottawattamie%20County%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Indian Hills Park (parke sa Tinipong Bansa, Iowa, Pottawattamie County) | https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian Hills Park (parke sa Tinipong Bansa, Iowa, Pottawattamie County)&action=history | Cebuano | Spoken | 167 | 249 | Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Indian Hills Park.
Parke ang Indian Hills Park sa Tinipong Bansa. Ang Indian Hills Park nahimutang sa kondado sa Pottawattamie County ug estado sa Iowa, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa ulohang dakbayan Washington, D.C. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Indian Hills Park.
Ang yuta palibot sa Indian Hills Park kay patag. Dunay mga ka tawo kada kilometro kwadrado sa palibot sa Indian Hills Park may gamay nga populasyon. Ang kinadul-ang mas dakong lungsod mao ang Omaha, km sa kasadpan sa Indian Hills Park. Hapit nalukop sa kaumahan ang palibot sa Indian Hills Park.
Ang klima klima sa kontinente. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Pebrero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Hunyo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Enero, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga dapit sa Iowa (estado) | 15,510 |
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrmarachne | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Myrmarachne | https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myrmarachne&action=history | Czech | Spoken | 300 | 799 | Myrmarachne je rod pavouků z čeledí skákavkovití, kteří napodobují mravence. Tomuto druhu adaptace se říká myrmekomorfie. Používají k tomu několik typů přizpůsobení. Především mávají předníma nohama ve vzduchu tak, aby simulovaly tykadla. Mnohé druhy vypadají i svou celkovou tělesnou stavbou jako mravenci. Této podobnosti dokážou využívat ve svůj prospěch.
Synonyma
Bizonella Strand, 1929
Emertonius Peckham & Peckham, 1892
Název Panachraesta býval synonymem, dokud nebyl odstraněn a zařazen do svého vlastního rodu.
Popis
Pavouci rodu Myrmarachne jsou malí nebo středně velcí, záleží jaký druh mravenců napodobují. Hlavohruď je prodloužená, u samečků s dlouhými chelicerami vyčnívajícími dopředu. Důležitou morfologickou adaptací rodu je přítomnost pasu nejen na hlavohrudi, ale mnohdy i na zadečku, což má napodobovat článkované tělo mravenců. Barvy mohou být od černé po žlutou, v závislosti na napodobovaném mravenci. Jeden africký druh napodobuje jistý druh mravence, když je pavouk nedospělý (první instary) a jiný druh jako dospělý. Rod Bocus, rovněž patřící mezi skákavkovité, je tak podobný Myrmarachne, že je rozlišitelný jen s pomocí mikroskopu.
Rozšíření
Pavouci rodu Myrmarachne se vyskytují převážně v tropických oblastech od Afriky až po Austrálii, přičemž některé druhy se nacházejí v Americe. Několik druhů, jako je například palearktická skákavka mravenčí (M. formicaria), žije v mírném pásu. S asi 80 popsanými a mnoha nepopsanými druhy žijícími v jihovýchodní Asii je Myrmarachne nejrozmanitějším rodem ze všech skákavek v této oblasti.
Název
Jméno rodu je kombinací starověkého řeckého myrmex „mravenec“ a arachne „pavouk“, čili česky „mravenčí pavouk“.
Galerie
Druhy
World Spider Catalog uznává následujících 228 druhů:
Reference
Literatura
Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000). An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Nature Society.
Nelson, X.J., Jackson, R.R., Edwards, G.B. & Barrion, A.T. (2006) "Living with the enemy: jumping spiders that mimic weaver ants". The Journal of Arachnology 33: 813–819. PDF (M. assimilis)
Externí odkazy
Skákavkovití | 8,885 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1852967 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,009 | Stack Exchange | Breaksu, Javier, Luke Usher, Russ Cam, code_burgar, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12950, https://stackoverflow.com/users/158683, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1831, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713419, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713420, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713421, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713491, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713548, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713561, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713570, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713591, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713698, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3713730, manu, tvanfosson, user3713420, user3713491, user3713570, user3713591, user3713698, user3713730 | English | Spoken | 494 | 876 | jQuery: apply plugin dynamically
i'm having this markup:
<div plug=tButton></div>
and wrote a little plugin which makes a button ouf of the div like this:
var cmd = $("[plug]");
cmd.tButton();
my question: when only having the div (and its plug-attribute), how can i apply the corresponding plugin to it (without using eval)?
it should be like:
var plug = div.attr("plug");
div[plug];
but doesn't work obviously.
thx.
could you clarify your question a bit please?
I'd consider using classes, to distinguish which elements get which plugins and apply them using selectors. Assuming that the classes have the same name as the plugin, you can index into the jQuery object, too, to apply it.
$(function() {
$('.tButton').tButton();
$('.jButton').jButton();
...
});
or
$(function() {
var plugins = [ 'tButton', 'jButton', ... ];
$.each(plugins, function(i,val) {
$('.' + val).each( function() {
jQuery[val].apply(this);
});
});
});
<div class="tButton">...</div>
<div class="jButton">...</div>
You don;t need to eval the string, since the plugin will be a property of the jQuery object, you can use the jQuery"pluginName" notation to invoke the function. a demo here - http://jsbin.com/oyobe/edit
I hadn't thought about the function being a property of the jQuery element. That would work, but I'd still use class selectors. It would make it easier to apply though. I'll update.
@tvanfosson - agreed on the class selectors approach
you could shorten inside the $.each() to $('.' + val)[val]();
@suhendri - except that you lose the context for the plugin. Using each allows you to specify the matched element as the context for the plugin. If that's not important you can simplify.
Given your markup, if you're trying to apply your tButton() plugin, I think you'd just do this:
$("div[plug='tButton']").tButton();
$("div[plug='xButton']").xButton();
I think you want this
$('div[plug]').each(function() {
var $this = $(this);
var plugin = $this.attr('plug');
$this[plugin]();
});
but this is probably not the best way to do things in terms of performance. I would suggest using a CSS class to identify the elements that you want to apply your plugin to, then call the plugin function on the collection returned using the appropriate class selector. For example, if the elements are always <div> elements
$('div.tButton').tButton();
I don't quite understand what you're trying to do, but my best guess is this:
You're setting these divs with custom attributes, and using jQuery to
Style them as buttons
Add interactive behavior to them
I've already tried to offer a solution based on your question, but if I understand what you're doing correctly, it seems like a simpler approach would be this:
Give your elements different classes instead of custom attributes like plug=
Use CSS to take care of styling them like buttons. Consider using an actual button element instead of a div
Use jQuery and your custom plugin (if you like) to add any behaviors you want
Does that make sense, or am I missing something?
You almost have it. You just need to call the function you looked up. Do this:
var plug = div.attr("plug");
div[plug]();
| 25,616 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15035229 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,013 | Stack Exchange | Ben Anderson, Hà Tây Quê Rượu, John Saunders, Mark Hollas, Matt, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1265411, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1495148, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2038222, https://stackoverflow.com/users/243440, https://stackoverflow.com/users/76337 | Danish | Spoken | 652 | 1,128 | Why can I not read or write session? Throws NullObject Reference
I am making a WebAPI app and am finding that I can not read or write to session. How I would normally do it gives and NullObject Reference Error, ie:
Session["Test"] = "Testing"; var testing = Session["Test"].ToString();
Would anyone happen to understand why that is for this example?
using System;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using DotNetNuke.Entities.Modules;
using DotNetNuke.Entities.Portals;
using DotNetNuke.Services.Exceptions;
using DotNetNuke.Web.Api;
namespace DotNetNuke.Modules.ContactsManager
{
public partial class ServicesController : DnnApiController
{
[AllowAnonymous]
[HttpGet]
public HttpResponseMessage createRequest(string amount)
{
//code omitted
HttpContext.Current.Session["Test"] = "Test";
//code omitted
return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, result);
}
}
}
-1: What happens when you try? "I can not read or write to session" isn't very descriptive.
So, your actual question is, "Why Session["Test"] null right after I set it?"
Because the only reason to get a NullReferenceException on dereferencing Session["Test"], is if Session["Test"] is null!
could you offer some suggestions based on my usage as to why this might be when I am able to use the examples successfully in other areas of my application, namely in a view.ascx.cs
I have no idea. You haven't posted enough of your code or told us enough context to determine this. Also, when you say "successfully", do you mean that you are able to do the following in all other areas? Session["Test"] = "Testing"; System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(Session["Test"] != null);
It could be that you are not adding to the session properly.
Try doing something like HttpContext.Current.Session.Add("Test", "Test");
Your second statement var testing = Session["Test"].ToString(); will then retrieve the data as you would expect.
That sounds like it should work but in my case I get a NullReferenceException just like I did from my original example.
both the read and write statements in my example produce the same NullReferenceException. The thing about this is I have a view.ascx page and if I use the statements in my original example in the view.ascx.cs they work fine. The issue is using the statements in another class (ServicesController.cs)
I don't have enough of your code to make a good enough assertion but it seems like it isn't being placed into your session for use elsewhere. E.G. Your view.ascx.cs plays nicely but if you go to view2 or wherever you have yet to add "test", it cannot find it because it does not exist. Could I perhaps get a taste of the procedure you use to reproduce this?
both statements cause this? Nice of you to tell us. I'm voting to close this question. I'd love it if you would start a new question, on your actual problem, which is just that the write statement doesn't work!
I found my answers, it was all about inheritance. My explanation might not be worded very well as i am still learning as I go but here it is.
The class I am working in is already inheriting an ApiController Class and in my DotNetNuke project it seems that things like Session are contained in the "{NameSpace}ModuleBase" class. So implementing an IDisposable
using(myPorjectModuleBase base = new myProjectModuleBase())
{
var testing = Session["Test"].ToString();
}
I can then access session.
This is probably specific for module development on the DotnetNuke platform from version 6.2 and up.
Thanks to everyone for your assistance.
Could you include the code for the myProjectModuleBase class? It doesn't really answer the question without it.
I has same issue and have not solution to solve this. Please post the code in detail to explain your solution.
You can use the following code this is sample example in C#
public static string UserId
{
get
{
if (HttpContext.Current.Session["UserId"] == null)
{
return "";
}
return HttpContext.Current.Session["UserId"].ToString();
}
set
{
HttpContext.Current.Session["UserId"] = value;
}
}
sorry I did not not realize this answer was provided.. I have found my solution. it is quite specific to my environment I think.
| 24,407 |
https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2815213%29%201980%20UO1 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | (15213) 1980 UO1 | https://ce.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=(15213) 1980 UO1&action=history | Chechen | Spoken | 136 | 352 | (15213) 1980 UO1 — Мелхан системан коьрта асанан астероид.
Истори
ДӀайиллина 1980 шеран 31 октябрехь Шелте Бас цӀе йолу Ӏилманчо Паломар обсерваторехь. Йуьхьанца дуьйна йолу цӀе - «1980 UO1» саналган.
Хьосташ
Lutz D. Schmadel. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. — Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition. — B., Heidelberg, N. Y.: Springer, 2003. — 992 p. — ISBN 3-540-00238-3.
Lutz D. Schmadel. Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. — Springer Science & Business Media, 2012-06-10. — 1458 с. — ISBN 9783642297182
Chapman, C. R., Morrison, D., & Zellner, B. Surface properties of asteroids: A synthesis of polarimetry, radiometry, and spectrophotometry// Icarus : journal. — Elsevier, 1975. — Vol. 25. — P. 104—130.
Kerrod, Robin. Asteroids, Comets, and Meteors (неопр.). — Lerner Publications Co., 2000. — ISBN 0585317631.
Билгалдахарш
Хьажа иштта
(15214) 1981 DY
Коьрта асанан астероидаш
Астероидаш абатца | 6,777 |
https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%20%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BD%20%28%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7%20%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD%29 | Wikipedia | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,023 | Εθνική Μπαχαμών (καλαθοσφαίριση ανδρών) | https://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Εθνική Μπαχαμών (καλαθοσφαίριση ανδρών)&action=history | Greek | Spoken | 87 | 300 | Η εθνική ομάδα καλαθοσφαίρισης ανδρών των Μπαχαμών, η οποία συγκεντρώνει τους καλύτερους καλαθοσφαιριστές της αυτής εθνικότητας, αντιπροσωπεύει τις Μπαχάμες στις διεθνείς διοργανώσεις ανδρικής καλαθοσφαίρισης που οργανώνει η FIBA. Βρίσκεται υπό τη δικαιοδοσία της Ομοσπονδίας Καλαθοσφαίρισης των Μπαχαμών (Bahamas Basketball Federation).
Πορεία σε διεθνείς διοργανώσεις
Πορεία σε Πρωταθλήματα Κεντρικής Αμερικής
Ακολουθεί η πορεία της ομάδας των Μπαχαμών σε Πρωταθλήματα Κεντρικής Αμερικής:
Πορεία σε Πρωταθλήματα Καραϊβικής
Ακολουθεί η πορεία της ομάδας των Μπαχαμών σε Πρωταθλήματα Καραϊβικής:
Παραπομπές
Πηγές
Bahamas, ιστορικό στον επίσημο ιστότοπο των αρχείων της FIBA.
Μπαχαμες
Ανδρων | 21,702 |
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48590470 | StackExchange | Open Web | CC-By-SA | 2,018 | Stack Exchange | M. Eriksson, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2453432, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5954274, kavi | Maltese | Spoken | 161 | 418 | Call to a member function notify() on null
im having problem to send notification to admin when the user report a post.
once the user report a post it should send notification about the report to admin . but now its sending notification to user of the post. how to solve it.
Store controller
public function store(Request $request,Postqs $postqs,$id,Report $report)
{
$add_item = new Report;
$add_item->item= $request->input("item");
$add_item->repo= $request->input("repo");
$add_item->user_id= Auth::user()->id;
$add_item->postqs_id=$id;
$add_item->save();
$report = Report::find($id);
$postqs = Postqs::find($id);
$report->admin->notify(new ReportPost($report));
return back();
}
notification.Report_post
public function toDatabase($notifiable)
{
return [
'postqs'=>$this->postqs,
'admin'=>Auth::guard('admin')->guest()
];
}
Do a var_dump($report) and check what you're getting. Check what the property admin actually contains. We have no idea.
its showing null
Then you need to figure out if the $id is wrong or if it is your model that's wrong and doesn't return what it should.
var_dump($report->admin) showing null
var_dump($report) showing object(App\Report)#336 (26) { ["table":protected]=> string(6) "report" ["casts":protected]=> array(1) { ["item"]=> string(5) "array" } ..................................................
| 4,054 |
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