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严重性假肥大型营养不良症的原因是什么？本病是由于染色体Hp21上编码抗肌萎缩蛋白的基因突变所致，属X-连锁隐性遗传病，一般是男性患病，女性携带突变基因。然而，实际上仅2/3患者的病变基因来自母亲，另1/3患者是自身抗肌萎缩蛋白基因的突变，此类患儿的母亲不携带该突变基因，与患儿的发病无关。抗肌萎缩蛋白位于肌细胞膜脂质中对稳定细胞膜，防止细胞坏死自溶起重要作用，定量分析表 示，DMD患者肌细胞内抗肌萎缩蛋白近乎完全恢复缺失，故临床症状加重，而BMD仅部分减少，预后相对良好。由于该蛋白也部分地存在于心肌、脑细胞核周围 神经结构中，故部分患者可合并心肌病变、智力低下或周围神经传导功能检测障碍。显微镜下见肌纤维轻重不等的广泛变性坏死，间有深染肌纤维。束内纤维组织增生或脂肪充填，并见针对坏死肌纤维的反应性灶性单核细胞浸润。 |
Peram Raju Jakkana is a famous Telugu poet in the early 15th century (1450). He was born to Akkamamba and Annayamathyulu in a Niyogi Brahmin family. He served as a poet in the court of Proudha Devarayalu. His famous work is Vikramarka Charithramu, which he dedicated to Vennelakanti Sidhanamatya, the minister of treasury in the court of Proudha Devarayalu. This work describes the legend of Vikramaditya, the king of Ujjain.
Jakkana is a contemporary of Srinatha and Pothana.
His work Vikramarka Charitramu was published in 1913 by Vavilla Ramaswamy Sastrulu and Sons, Madras. It was published in 1968 by Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi, Hyderabad.
References
Telugu poets
Hindu poets
15th-century Indian poets
Indian male poets |
The Charge at Haritan occurred on 26 October 1918 at the end of the Pursuit to Haritan during the final stages of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War. Two regiments of the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade, 5th Cavalry Division, charged into the retreating remnant column of the Ottoman Army's Yildirim Army Group. Subsequently, six squadrons of the same brigade charged into an Ottoman rearguard position but were counterattacked and forced to retreat.
After the British Empire's victory at the Battle of Megiddo, the remnants of the Ottoman Turkish Empire's Yildirim Army Group from Amman were pursued by Prince Faisal's Sherifial Force which captured Deraa on 27 September, on the right flank of the 4th Cavalry Division. Meanwhile, the pursuit by the Australian Mounted Division followed by the 5th Cavalry Division of Yildirim Army Group remnants retreating from the Judean Hills, captured Damascus on 1 October 1918, many thousands of German and Turkish prisoners and many miles of Ottoman Empire territory. A remnant force of Yildirim Army Group managed to escape Damascus, to concentrate at Rayak before retreating through Homs and Hama towards Aleppo. Huge losses in Desert Mounted Corps from sickness delayed and depleted their pursuit from Damascus which was continued by twenty-four cars in three batteries of armored cars, and three-light car patrols armed with machine guns. They were supported by the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade with the remainder of the division following with the Australian Mounted Division moving north to reinforce them. Prince Faisal's Sherifial Force successfully attacked Aleppo on the night of 25 October.
Background
Following the comprehensive success of the Battle of Megiddo, Sir Henry Wilson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the War Office encouraged General Allenby, commanding the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) with the idea that the EEF could do anything and asked him to consider a cavalry raid to Aleppo. Wilson added that the War Cabinet was prepared to take full responsibility for any unsuccessful outcomes.
About nineteen thousand Turkish soldiers had retreated northwards by 1 October, no more than four thousand of whom were equipped and able to fight. Otto Liman von Sanders transferred his headquarters to Baalbek and ordered the remnants of Yildirim Army Group from Haifa and Deraa to concentrate at Rayak. The 146th Regiment was the last formation to leave Damascus on 30 September. After hearing the Barada Gorge was closed von Hammerstein left Damascus by the Homs road, following the III Corps, the 24th Division and the 3rd Cavalry Division to Rayak where even remnants of the 43rd Division of the Second Army which had not been involved in fighting, were "infected with panic." Only the remnants of von Oppen's Asia Corps and the 146th Regiment marching to Homs remained "disciplined formations" by 2 October.
Lieutenant-General Harry Chauvel's Desert Mounted Corps at Damascus was already away from its main supply base while Aleppo was a further away. Allenby was prepared to advance only in stages as supply and geography dictated. He estimated on 25 September that there were twenty-five thousand Turkish troops in the Aleppo and Alexandretta area.
Prelude
Yildirim Army Group
Remnants of the Seventh Army commanded by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) which had escaped Megiddo, Damascus and Aleppo, were now deployed to the north and north-west of that city. The Second Army of about sixteen thousand armed troops commanded by Nihat Pasha (Anılmış) was located to the west in Cilicia and the Sixth Army with another sixteen thousand armed troops commanded by Ali İhsan (Sâbis) which had withdrawn from Mesopotamia was to the north-east around Nusaybin. These Turkish forces grossly outnumbered the 5th Cavalry Division and attached armoured cars.
British Empire and allied force
This force which conducted the pursuit was made up of Prince Faisal's Sherifial Force; one column of fifteen hundred commanded by Colonel Nuri Bey and a second column of fifteen hundred commanded by Sherif Nasir, the 2nd, 11th and 12th Light Armoured Motor Batteries and the 1st (Australian), 2nd and 7th Light Car Patrols consisting of 24 armoured cars, and the 5th Cavalry Division's 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade which accompanied the armoured cars to Hamma on 21 October, while the 13th and 14th Cavalry Brigades followed in support.
The 5th Cavalry Division and the armoured cars were organised into two columns. Column "A" consisted of the Major-General Henry Macandrew's division headquarters, all the armoured cars and the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade. The 13th and 14th Cavalry Brigades formed Column "B."
Macandrew planned to attack Aleppo from three sides on 26 October. The armoured cars were to attack along the road from the south, Faisal's Sherifial forces were to attack from the east while the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade moving round to the west of Aleppo was to cut the Alexandretta road. However, during the night of 25 October, Nuri Bey's Arab Sherifial Force attacked the city from the east, and the Arab Sherifial Force commanded by Sherif Nazir advanced round the entrenched Turkish defences, entered the city to make contact with supporters.
Aleppo was captured by these Sherifial Forces after a night of hand–to–hand fighting through the streets on 26 October, having suffering sixty killed. Macandrew arrived in Aleppo shortly after 10:00 with the armoured cars.
Battle
On 21 October the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade were issued orders to continue the advance to Aleppo. The brigade was preceded by seven light armoured cars, but the remainder of the division was following a day behind. On 24 October the armoured cars advance was stopped by Turkish defences near Khan Tuman. The Turks held a strong defensive line, on a ridge line to the south and west of Aleppo. The brigade was ordered to occupy a position on the Aleppo-Alexandretta road and to clear Turkish trenches on the ridge to the west of Aleppo. However, when they reached the ridge line on 26 October the position had been evacuated. Intelligence from locals suggested that a force of one thousand men with two small artillery guns were heading north out of Aleppo, so the brigade set off in pursuit. At 11:00 the leading two Jodhpur Lancers squadron and a machine-gun section reached a position overlooking Haritan to the north of Aleppo, when they came under Turkish small arms fire. Brigadier Harbord in command ordered an immediate brigade attack, the Mysore Lancers would move around to the east of the ridge and charge the village followed up by the other two Jodhpur Lancer squadrons. While the remainder of the Brigade Machine-Gun Squadron would move onto the ridge to provide covering fire, with the two other Jodhpur squadrons. The armoured cars of No. 12 Light Armoured Motor Battery arrived at 11:30 and were ordered along the main road to support the attack. As the attack started the leading armoured car developed a fault and returned to their start position, a misunderstanding resulted in the rest of the battery following them, taking them out of the attack. The Mysore Lancers had also started their advance but discovered the Turkish line was longer than expected and had to move further east, out of range of their supporting machine-guns, to get into a position to charge. At 12:00 the lancers charged the Turkish position, killing fifty men and capturing another twenty prisoners. But without any fire support from their machine-gun squadron they were unable to penetrate into the Turkish defences and were forced to withdraw to the rear, dismount and keep the Turkish position under observation. The extent of which had not until then been fully appreciated and was now estimated to be held by a force of three thousand infantry, four hundred cavalry, up to twelve artillery guns and between thirty and forty machine-guns. One group of Turkish soldiers started towards the Mysore Lancers position, but halted about short and started to dig new defensive trenches. Unable to progress against the larger force the brigade kept the position under observation and at 21:00 the Turks were observed to be withdrawing and had completely evacuated their positions by midnight. Just prior to that at 23:15 the 14th Cavalry Brigade arrived, setting up their own observation lines, until daylight when they took over the 15th Brigades positions. In the days battle Turkish casualties were estimated to be around 100 men, while the brigade had four British officers killed including Lieutenant-Colonel Holden, the senior Special Service Officer, attached to the Jodhpur Lancers, one Indian Officer and sixteen other ranks were also killed. Twelve officers, six of them British, and forty-four other ranks were wounded, another three other ranks were reported missing. That night the Turkish forces withdrew to Deir el Jemel to the north-west of Aleppo. The 5th Cavalry Division was not strong enough by itself to continue the advance and halted waiting for the Australian Mounted Division to catch up with them. However the day after their unsuccessful charge, 27 October the brigade became the division reserve and was ordered back to Aleppo.
Aftermath
While the 15th (Imperial Service) Cavalry Brigade withdrew to the Aleppo area where grain and meat was requisitioned, the 14th Cavalry Brigade and the 13th Cavalry Brigade conducted a reconnaissance on 27 October when a rearguard position was found north of Haritan which withdrew to Deir el Jemal the next day.
A Sherifial Force of Arab soldiers occupied the strategically important railway junction of the Palestine and the Mesopotamian railway systems at Mouslimie Junction on 29 October, cutting Ottoman communications between Constantinople and Mesopotamia.
The Ottoman rearguard position which had been reported by armoured cars at Deir el Jemal on 28 October had, by 30 October been reinforced beyond it, by a long defensive line stretching across the Alexandretta road. These positions were defended by a force six times greater than Macandrew's 5th Cavalry Division which could only keep the line under observation while waiting the arrival of the Australian Mounted Division which was on its way north from Damascus.
The Armistice which ended fighting between the EEF and the Yildirim Army Group was negotiated at Mudros and "signed on the deck of the battleship Agamemnon on October 30, 1918."
Notes
Citations
References
Conflicts in 1918
1918 in Ottoman Syria
Battles of World War I involving British India
Battles of World War I involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles of World War I involving Indian Princely States
Aleppo vilayet
October 1918 events
Battles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |
小儿触电与雷击的西医治疗？(一)治疗首先尽快使患儿脱离电源。关闭电源离开电闸，用干木棍或竹竿拨去搭在患儿身上的电线，把患儿推离电源现场，施救者不能用手直接推或拉触电患儿。脱离电源后如已停止呼吸，立刻口对口人工呼吸，对已处昏迷、心跳停止、瞳孔扩大的患儿，也应积极抢救。因触电后电流的强刺激作用，常出现“假死”现象，因此给予胸外心脏按压，不可间断，同时急送医院进行复苏治疗。入院后应行气管内插管，人工呼吸，正压吸氧，在心电监护下，胸外心脏按压无效时，立即开胸，行心脏直接按摩，直到患儿恢复心跳呼吸。其他治疗包括：给予洛贝林、尼可刹米(可拉明)等中枢兴奋剂，纠正水电解质酸碱失衡，碱化尿液，应用高渗性利尿剂，维持血压正常，大量广谱抗生素预防感染，破伤风抗毒血清预防破伤风。实践证明，心跳停止患者在心脏有效挤压，心脏缺血得到纠正后，肾上腺素心内注射可增强已停搏的心脏张力和兴奋性，刺激心脏起搏，可能使心颤自动消失或为除颤创造有利条件，扩张冠状血管改善心脏血运，对触电后心跳停止患者的抢救，可取得良好效果。局部创面处理：经心肺复苏治疗，病情稳定后仔细检查创面，估计可能的深度及范围，尽快清除坏死组织，可以减少毒素的吸收，减轻临床中毒症状，消除并发感染的病灶，因电烧伤病变是进行性发展的，故应反复多次的清创，不能期望1～2次清创就可以结束，待坏死组织彻底清除干净，再采用各种方法覆盖创面促进愈合。患肢因组织坏死或严重感染无法保留时应考虑尽早截肢。并发肢体筋膜腔综合征时，应立即行筋膜切开减张术以恢复患肢血运。大血管损伤出血，多发生在伤后2周左右，常于换药时埋在坏死组织中，已损伤血管突然破裂，故换药应仔细，给患儿镇静剂，争取合作，充分做好精神和物质准备(如止血带，准备好纱布，弹力绷带)争取主动，发现有出血迹象的大血管，可根据解剖关系及周缘组织健康状况尽早处理。(二)预后引起心室性纤颤和中枢神经的抑制是造成小儿电击意外死亡的主要原因，有严重并发症者影响预后。 |
Aristolochia preussii, synonym Pararistolochia preussii, is a species of plant in the family Aristolochiaceae. It is native to Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Ivory Coast. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It was assessed as "critically endangered" and threatened by habitat loss in the 2000 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Cameroon., Plants of the World Online gives it a wider distribution.
References
preusii
Flora of Cameroon
Flora of Equatorial Guinea
Flora of Gabon
Flora of Ivory Coast
Critically endangered plants
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxa named by Adolf Engler |
Doklady Physics: A Journal of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica and Springer Science+Business Media. This journal covers Russian to English translations of physics, technical physics, astronomy, and mechanics articles from Doklady Akademii Nauk (English: Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The editor-in-chief is Sergey V. Garnov (). The journal was established in 1956 as Soviet Physics-Doklady and renamed Physics-Doklady in 1993, before obtaining its current title in 1998.
Abstracting and indexing
This journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences
Science Citation Index
Chemical Abstracts Service
Compendex
Scopus
Inspec
Current Mathematical Publications
Zentralblatt Math
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 0.473.
References
External links
Nauka academic journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1998
English-language journals |
三岁宝宝突然有口臭是什么原因？孩子们的口臭主要是由坏习惯引起的。不均衡的饮食容易诱发儿童口臭。父母应该正确指导孩子的饮食，让孩子多吃高维生素含量的食物，多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果，这样可以改善孩子的口臭。口腔清洁不当容易诱发儿童口臭。分析儿童口臭的几种诱因：1、饮食不均衡：孩子挑食偏食容易出现口臭问题，父母要正确引导孩子饮食，注意饮食均衡，增加维生素的摄入量，孩子体内缺乏维生素容易出现口臭问题，因此父母要及时纠正孩子不良的饮食习惯，并且要增加维生素的摄入量。2、口腔清理不当：注意口腔清洁卫生，很多孩子不爱刷牙，容易出现口臭问题，因此家长要正确引导孩子刷牙，要让孩子养成良好的刷牙习惯，正确清洁口腔能有效缓解口臭问题，饭后最好用水漱口，减少食物的残留。3、肠胃功能障碍：胃肠功能紊乱容易引发孩子口臭问题，孩子口臭要了解引起的具体原因，口臭有可能是肠胃疾病引起的，家长要尽早采取治疗措施，同时要做好身体的调理工作，及时治疗胃肠功能疾病。什么方法能改善儿童口臭1、增加维生素的摄入量，孩子体内缺乏维生素，容易出现口臭问题，因此父母要多让孩子吃些维生素含量高的食物，蔬菜和水果中含有丰富的维生素，及时补充维生素能解决孩子口臭问题，增加纤维素及维生素的摄入量能促进肠胃蠕动。2、正确刷牙，父母要教会孩子正确刷牙的方法，早晚刷牙能有效缓解孩子口臭问题，并且要让孩子养成饭后漱口的习惯，饭后漱口能清理口腔内的食物残渣，口腔食物残渣容易滋生细菌，从而会导致孩子口臭问题的产生，及时清理可有效防治口臭。3、经常饮用柠檬水可以促进胃肠蠕动，解决儿童口臭问题。柠檬水不仅有杀菌的作用，还有解毒的作用。儿童经常饮用柠檬水可以补充维生素，清洁口腔，保持良好的口腔卫生，还可以解决儿童便秘的问题。 |
Cameron Joyce (born 6 June 1992) is a field hockey player from Australia.
Personal life
Cameron Joyce was born and raised in Port Pirie, South Australia.
Career
Club level
Throughout his junior career, Joyce played hockey for Risdon Hockey Club in Port Pirie. Following his move to Adelaide, South Australia, Joyce began playing for Port Adelaide District Hockey Club in Hockey SA's Premier League competition.
State level
Joyce plays representative hockey for his home state, South Australia in National Australian Championships.
His last representation at junior level was at the 2013 Under–21 Australian Championship in Brisbane. In 2015, he represented the SA Hotshots for the last time in the Australian Hockey League in Darwin.
In 2019, Joyce represented South Australia for the first time in four years during the inaugural tournament of Hockey Australia's new domestic national league, Hockey One. He is a member of SA's team, the Adelaide Fire.
National level
Cameron Joyce was a member of the Australia U–21 national team, the 'Burras', from 2011 to 2013. During his junior national career, Joyce captained the team twice in 2013, at the AYOF and Junior Oceania Cup, winning gold at both.
Joyce last represented the Burras at the 2013 Junior World Cup, where the team finished fifth.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Australian male field hockey players
Male field hockey defenders
People from Port Pirie
Sportsmen from South Australia |
老年人肥厚型心肌病的病因是什么？(一)发病原因HCM病因不明，发病呈家族性，可能与遗传因素有关，也有其他因素参与。1.遗传学说 约55%的HCM患者有明确的家族史或有明确的家族聚集倾向。遗传方式以常染色体显性遗传最常见。其遗传表型属异质型。在不同家族和不同个体之间的发病率和病态表现各不相同。HCM的遗传学说被认为可能与组织相容抗原(HLA)系统有密切关系。在HCM患者人群中，HLA-DRW4，Ag，B5，B4抗原的出现率增加。近年来有关HCM致病基因研究有了重要发现，大约50%的病人是由心肌蛋白基因突变所致，其余50%的病人致病机制不清楚。Matkins在1994通过在家族连锁研究，显示至少有5个独立的位点在不同的染色体上因突变而引起HCM。并根据人体染色体组命名为“肥厚性心肌病位点1～5”。其中3个基因已标码为肌凝蛋白重链(-HMC)基因、肌钙蛋白T基因及-肌钙蛋白基因，其各自的染色体位点分别是14q1、1q3及15q2。第4个位点在11q11，第5个位点尚未肯定。已知在不同家族中，-MHC基因至少有30个以上的独立突变点，所以，这种多相的异质型表现，不仅在临床症状方面不相同，而且心脏组织学形态也各有异。关于致病基因与HCM的发病机理尚不清楚。在COS细胞分层装置研究中，见有基因突变者不能由COS细胞形成肌节，认为可能是肌凝蛋白不能与肌动蛋白相结合。或是结构整合中所必需的其他蛋白发生障碍，导致心肌收缩力损害。还有认为已知的致病基因编码与心肌细胞内的肌原纤维蛋白，导致肌原纤维的排列错乱和肌细胞畸形，形成组织学中所见的“错乱”外观。因而将HCM归结为一种心肌肌原纤维发育不全(dysgenesis)的病态改变，导致心肌收缩力的损害，而心肌肥厚正是心肌收缩力障碍的一种代偿性结果，即异常的生长刺激所致。2.儿茶酚胺与内分泌学说 内分泌紊乱特别是儿茶酚胺(CA)和内分泌紊乱与HCM之间有关联。儿茶酚胺、血管紧张素和甲状腺素等在心肌肥厚的发生过程中发挥重要作用。不仅犬实验性HCM的心脏基底部CA含量增高，去甲肾上腺素还能造成狗的HCM。临床上应用-受体阻滞药可逆转因肾上腺素刺激而增高的流出道压力梯度和减低左室舒张顺应性，减缓心肌增厚的速度。3.原癌基因表达异常 近年来，对原癌基因与心肌肥厚之间的关系受到重视。Simpson在1988年指出，去甲肾上腺素可使培养的心肌细胞内myc原癌基因表达异常，促进HCM的形成。研究表明，原癌基因的活化不仅与肿瘤的形成有关，心肌肥厚的发生和发展也与原癌基因异常表达密切相关。原癌基因不仅参与细胞转化，也参与正常细胞增殖。4.钙调节异常 有作者提出，HCM患者有生物学缺陷，心肌细胞内钙离子调解异常，细胞内钙超负荷，临床上高血钙和HCM同时存在，实验性钙负荷过重可引起心室舒张功能障碍。临床上应用钙拮抗药可改善HCM的症状。说明胞质内钙调节机制的异常，可能参与HCM的发病过程。(二)发病机制主要有以下3个面：1.左室收缩期流出道梗阻 HCM的主要血流动力学特征，是收缩期左室流出道梗阻及跨流出道压力阶差。由于室间隔及左室壁的不匀称肥厚。形成不同(上、中、下)的室内梗阻。造成流出道梗阻的因素主要是乳头肌肥厚，移动及收缩期二尖瓣叶受流出道高速血流的射流效应(wenturi and/or drag forces)吸引前向移动(SAM)，导致二尖瓣的“瓣叶-间隔碰触”(leaflet-septal contact)现象所造成。这时流出道压力减低而流人道及心尖部压力增高，造成压力阶差，如果在静息时收缩期二者压力差>4.0kPa时既认为有心室腔内梗阻，压差越大表明梗阻程度越严重，为克服室内阻力，左室收缩力加强，压差更大，心肌出现代偿性肥厚。长期持续对供氧储备受损的肥厚心肌，成为有害的耗能性机械刺激。同时二尖瓣SAM瓣叶闭合不严，血液反流，以及可能的二尖瓣脱垂、瓣叶纤维化、瓣环钙化等。HCM的流出道梗阻常是动态的，一些物理及药理因素可使之发生改变，凡减少左室腔容积的因素可使压力阶差增大，梗阻加重;反之则减少，减轻。如乏氏动作的吸气末、由下蹲突然站立、期前收缩后的代偿间歇、心动过速、洋地黄制剂、异丙肾上腺素、硝酸盐类、利尿药等，可使压力阶差增大，梗阻增大。而乏氏动作用力屏气、平卧或下蹲握拳、-受体阻滞药、-受体兴奋药等，可使压力阶差减小。2.心肌舒张功能障碍 为HCM的另一特征，早期因心肌量的增多，室腔硬度增高心室顺应性下降。舒张期因压力增高而使其与舒张容量的比值(dp/dv)增大。继而由于室内梗阻使收缩、舒张负荷受损，心肌松弛失去正常的负荷依赖，心肌细胞肌浆网钙调节障碍，肌张力增高，电机械活动形式异常，心肌舒缩在空间与时间上的不同步。因这3个心肌松弛调节因素均发生障碍，可使舒张功能更加受损。舒张早期的快速充盈期(REP)的充盈率和量均下降，左房收缩期充盈增加，左房扩大或有房颤，常出现高调的第四心音，肺静脉淤血。临床出现疲倦乏力，劳力性呼吸困难及心绞痛，甚至出现晕厥。在左心室负荷不变的情况下，去收缩活动速度是心肌迟缓速度的主要决定因素，而心肌缺血和钙负荷过度是阻碍去收缩活动的主要决定因素。HCM从病理、血流动力学及临床都已被证明有心肌缺血的存在。心肌缺血阻碍了肌质网对钙的再吸收，使细胞质钙超负荷，从而阻碍了去收缩活动和舒缓，所以这是由于心肌生化过程的受损所致。心肌负荷及去收缩活动不对称、不均一也使迟缓过程受损。HCM患者左室收缩功能大多正常或超正常，LVEF增高。但有8%～17%的HCM患者同时出现左室舒张及收缩功能障碍。3.心肌缺血 201Ti灌注扫描缺损，心肌乳酸产量增多及电子弥散扫描(PET)等观察，证实了HCM患者存在心肌缺?7募毖非谢粕胁磺宄赡芤蚍屎裥募》疟?(bridging)心肌内小冠状动脉内膜及中层增厚，管腔狭窄，肥厚心肌内毛细血管密度减低，冠状储备受损，心内膜下心肌缺血敏感性增高，左室舒张不良，充盈压增高，而充盈量下降，冠脉充盈与灌注受损以及室间隔冠状动脉穿透支受压或有冠脉痉挛等因素所致。临床上常见HCM患者有心绞痛发作，而冠状动脉多无异常表现。HCM患者的心脏均有不同程度的增大，从正常上界到超出100%，老年患者更为明显，最重有675g者，主要为左心室肥厚，心室腔容量正常或减少。病变绝大多数累及室间隔，多为非对称性肥厚，偶有对称性肥厚，肥厚心肌分布不均匀，既多见于室间隔上部，又可在间隔中部或心尖部。纯心尖部肥厚者，称为心尖型HCM，在日本成为HCM的一个特殊亚型，约占整个HCM的51%。室间隔最大壁厚度为52mm，当病人年龄为55～60岁时肥厚很少超过25mm。室间隔肥厚较左心室明显，有时可超出3倍之多。肥厚也可见于右心室，双侧心室，乳头肌及左室侧壁、后壁等部位。二尖瓣及主动脉瓣常有增厚，约32.4%患者在主动脉瓣下方室间隔上部可见特殊的边缘明显的心内膜索条状纤维增厚区，是因为二尖瓣前叶的收缩期前向运动紧贴于间隔上部，长期刺激使该处心内膜纤维增生，形成具有特征性的病理改变，有诊断价值。 HCM组织学的特征是肥厚部位的心肌纤维排列错乱。心肌细胞内肌原纤维纵横交错向各个方向伸展、排列。光镜下见每个肌细胞增宽、变形并围绕结缔组织中心灶呈环状走行，此为HCM特殊又特异的表现。心肌细胞束结构紊乱，互相交叉或呈现鲱鱼骨样排列。同时细胞核巨大、怪形、线粒体增多，核周常有“光环”围绕。组织化学测定为糖原堆积。这种特异现象和心肌排列错乱及纤维化一起成为界定心室肌增厚节段标志。心内膜增厚，心外冠状动脉大多正常。 |
注射用多西他赛药理作用？药理作用:多西他赛为紫杉醇类抗肿瘤药，通过干扰细胞有丝分裂和分裂间期细胞功能所必需的微管网络而起抗肿瘤的作用。多西他赛可与游离的微管蛋白结合，促进微管蛋白装配成稳定的微管，同时抑制其解聚，导致丧失了正常功能的微管束的产生和微管的固定，从而抑制细胞的有丝分裂。多西他赛与微管的结合不改变原丝的数目，这一点与目前临床应用的大多数纺锤体毒性药物不同。毒理研究:遗传毒性,在CHO-KI细胞染色体畸变试验和小鼠骨髓核试验中，多西他赛表现出致断裂作用。但在Ames试验和CHO/HGPRT基因突变试验中未见致突变作用。生殖毒性：在大鼠静脉注射多西他赛0.3mg/kg（按体表面积折算，约为临床推荐剂量的1/50），未见对生育力的损伤，但可引起睾丸重量减轻；该结果与大鼠和犬10个周期（每21天给药1次，连续6个月）的重复给药试验结果有相关性；大鼠和犬静脉注身剂量分别为5mg/kg和0.375mg/kg（按体表面积折算，分别约相当于临床推荐剂量的1/3和1/15，），可见睾丸萎缩和变性，大鼠在低剂量时增加给药次数也表现出相似的作用。怀孕时使用多西他赛可导致胎儿损伤。大鼠和家兔在器官形成期分别给予多西他赛0.3mg/kg日和0.03mg/kg/日（按体表面积折算，分别相当于临床日推荐剂量的1/50和1/300）可见胚胎毒性和胎仔毒性（表现为子宫内死亡，吸收胎增加，胎仔体重减轻和骨人延迟）。以上剂量亦可引起母体毒性。目前尚无足够的和严格控制的孕妇临床研究资料。如果患者在孕期使用本品，或在使用本品期间怀孕，应被告之对胎儿的潜在危害和流产的潜在危险。有生育可能的妇女在使用本品治疗期间应避免怀孕。尚不清楚多西他赛是否从人乳中排泄。鉴于许多药物都可从人乳中排泄，且多西他赛可能引起哺乳婴儿的严重不良反应，母亲在使用本品前停止哺乳。 |
Ijrud-e Pain Rural District () is in Halab District of Ijrud County, Zanjan province, Iran.
At the National Census of 2006, its population was 5,513 in 1,460 households. There were 5,671 inhabitants in 1,896 households at the following census of 2011. At the most recent census of 2016, the population of the rural district was 5,192 in 1,717 households. The largest of its 43 villages was Nakatu, with 606 people.
References
Ijrud County
Rural Districts of Zanjan Province
Populated places in Zanjan Province
Populated places in Ijrud County |
Jay Sweet (born 11 August 1975) is an Australian former professional racing cyclist who won a gold medal at the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
He accepted a road cycling scholarship at the Australian Institute of Sport and in 1997 was a member of the ZVVZ–Giant–AIS team. Between 1998 and 2001, he was a member of BigMat - Auber '93 (France). He won the gold medal in the men's road race at the 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. Sweet rode in the 1999 Tour de France and did not finish stage 15 due to an ankle injury from an accident during stage 3. He retired in 2003 and moved to New Zealand. Whilst in New Zealand he worked as a commercial fisherman and apprentice builder. In 2012, he returned to Adelaide and in 2015 was working as a stonemason. In 2015, he rode in the Tour of the Riverland in South Australia and finished 2nd in Stage 1. His son, Max Jay Sweet (An Outspoken Supporter for the LGBTQ+ Community)has also become a young cyclist inspired by his father.
Major results
1994
1st Stage 9 Commonwealth Bank Classic
1996
1st National Criterium Championships
1st Stages 1 & 10 Tour de Langkawi
1st Stage 2 Tour de l'Avenir
1st Stage 7 Bay Cycling Classic
1st Stages 1 & 10 Commonwealth Bank Classic
6th Overall Tour of Sweden
1st Stage 1
1997
1st CoreStates Classic
1st Stages 1, 8, 9, 10 & 15 Commonwealth Bank Classic
1st Stages 1 & 6 Tour of Japan
1st Stage 5 Bay Cycling Classic
1998
1st Road race, Commonwealth Games
1st Stages 3 & 8 Tour of Britain
1st Stage 3 Tour de l'Avenir
1st Stage 10 Commonwealth Bank Classic
7th GP de la Ville de Rennes
8th Classic Haribo
1999
5th Overall Tour de Normandie
1st Stage 3
7th Overall Tour de Picardie
1st Stage 2a
2000
1st Stage 3 Circuit Franco-Belge
2nd Tour de Vendée
5th Overall Tour de Normandie
1st Stage 2
2001
1st Stages 1 & 2 Tour of Rhodes
1st Stage 8 Circuito Montañés
1st Stage 3 Tour de l'Ain
1st Stage 8 Herald Sun Tour
References
External links
Jay Sweet - Cycling Archives
1975 births
Living people
Cyclists from Adelaide
Australian male cyclists
Cyclists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Australia
Australian Institute of Sport cyclists
Commonwealth Games medallists in cycling
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Sportsmen from South Australia |
The is a peninsula that encompasses the entirety of Chiba Prefecture on Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. It forms the eastern edge of Tokyo Bay, separating it from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula covers approximately .
Description
The Bōsō Peninsula is defined by the Pacific Ocean to its east and south, Tokyo Bay to the west, and the Edo and Tone rivers to the north. The Bōsō Hill Range forms the backbone of the south of the peninsula, and much of the area is hilly. Mount Atago in Minamibōsō and Kamogawa is the highest point on the peninsula with an altitude of . From south to north the Bōsō Hill Range gives way to the Shimōsa Plateau, which covers much of the area of northern Chiba Prefecture, and ends in the lower areas around the Tone River.
The northern and western parts of the Bōsō Peninsula are highly urbanized. The Shimōsa Plateau and the coastal lowlands and interior river valleys are chiefly used for rice cultivation. The western coast of the peninsula is home to the Keiyō Industrial Zone, which ranges from Urayasu on the border of Tokyo in the northwest of the peninsula to Futtsu to the south. The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, a bridge-tunnel across Tokyo Bay, connects Kisarazu with the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture. The northeast of the peninsula is home to Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park, which spans across both Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, and much of the remainder of the eastern coast of the peninsula is designated as Minami Bōsō Quasi-National Park.
Etymology
The peninsula gets its name and kanji from the former provinces that were located there: Awa (安房), Kazusa (上総) and Shimōsa (下総). The Japan Meteorological Agency refers to the west and east coasts of the peninsula as Uchibō (内房) and Sotobō (外房) respectively.
References
Landforms of Chiba Prefecture
Peninsulas of Japan |
请问做一个双眼皮要多少钱？双眼皮手术是最常见的一种美容手术，分为埋线和切开两种方式。双眼皮手术价格受多种因素影响,不同的手术方法价格不同,双眼皮手术方法有埋线法、复合植入重睑术,韩式、日式、小欧式切开法等手术方法的选择,各个医院收费标准不同，相应的价格也不同。如果想要做双眼皮手术，可以到正规的医院或整形美容机构，双眼皮虽然是小手术，但一定要选择的正规的医疗机构，这样虽然价钱会高一些，但是能保证手术安全与效果。双眼皮手术如果埋线的话费用在一千元到三千元不等,重睑术八千元左右。可以咨询当地整容医院,这个应该根据医院的等级和所处的城市而言，要选择有能够治疗资质的医院咨询一下。双眼皮手术的恢复时间取决于个人体质和手术方法，年轻女性或行微创双眼皮手术，如埋线、缝线、三点小切口，一到三个月恢复正常，年龄较大、眼睛较肿，选择切开方法，三到六个月可恢复，个别需要一年。术后二十四小时内可冷敷，七十二小时后可热敷，拆线后科学用眼，不要熬夜，恢复过程中可使用消肿的药物，拆线后可每天早晚各热敷一次。双眼皮要注意严格把握适应症，对于眼裂较小、眼球高度突出、眉毛与眼睑之间的距离较短者，不建议进行双眼皮手术。有凝血功能障碍、白血病等基础疾病者也不适合双眼皮手术，对于疤痕体质者，尽量不要选择全切双眼皮手术。术前与医生进行良好的沟通，选定手术方式及双眼皮形态，求美者不应对双眼皮手术产生较多不理性的需求，手术应避开月经期进行，术后应加强伤口护理，防止感染，适当加强眼睑肌肉的活动，促进局部血液循环，减轻肿胀，防止疤痕形成。 |
卑金屬（或稱賤金屬、基本金屬、普通金属，）是除了金、銀、鉑、鈀等贵金屬（precious metal）之外，其他所有的金屬。例如：鐵、銅、鋁等。
在化學上，「卑金屬」都是用在當作容易氧化與腐蝕的金屬上面的非正式稱呼，這些金屬很容易與稀釋的鹽酸反應產生氫氣，例如鐵、鎳、鉛、鋅等。銅雖然不能跟鹽酸反應，但是因為它相對來說很容易氧化，所以也被視為「卑金屬」。與這類金屬相對是惰性金属（noble metal，也常稱為贵金屬）。
在煉金術中，「卑金屬」意指很普通而且不昂貴的金屬，與主要包括金與銀的贵金屬為對比。煉金術士的長期目標就是將卑金屬變化成稀有金屬。
在貨幣學中，錢幣過去都是從贵金属的含量來決定其主要價值。但是大多數的現代貨幣都是法定貨幣，並允許錢幣可以用卑金屬來製造。
在採礦業與經濟學中，「卑金屬」意指工業上不包括贵金属的黑色金屬及有色金屬。這些包括銅、鋁、鉛、鎳、錫和鋅。
參照
金屬活動性
賢者之石
外部連結
Live base metal prices - USD/lb
金屬 |
大脖子是缺碘引起的吗？工作压力，饮食油腻的居多，长期下去会引发各种各样的疾病。提起“大脖子”病，不少人首先想到的都是缺碘引起的甲状腺肿大。甲状腺疾病有时会伴有甲状腺肿大的症状，外观上看起来就是“大脖子”，常见的原因有以下几种：1.单纯性甲状腺肿主要原因是碘缺乏或人体对甲状腺激素需要量增加。自从国家实行食盐加碘政策以来，碘缺乏引起的“大脖子病”已经很少见。不过，青春发育期、妊娠期或绝经期妇女，人体对甲状腺素的需要量暂时性增高，有时候会发生轻度的弥漫性甲状腺肿大。这种甲状腺肿大常在成年或妊娠结束后自行缩小。2.甲状腺炎顾名思义，甲状腺炎就是因为各种原因引起的甲状腺炎症，主要包括桥本甲状腺炎、急性甲状腺炎、亚急性甲状腺炎等。其中，桥本甲状腺炎为自身免疫病，表现为无痛性、弥漫性甲状腺肿，血清甲状腺抗体阳性。如果甲状腺功能正常就定期复查；急性甲状腺炎主要由细菌引起，表现为发热、颈部剧烈疼痛；甲状腺肿大治疗使用抗生素，化脓穿刺、切开最有效。而亚急性甲状腺炎病前常有上呼吸道感染，同时伴有发热、颈部疼痛，对症等处理就可以。3.甲状腺功能亢进症简称“甲亢”，除了最直观的“大脖子”症状以外，食欲亢进、心悸、多汗、易怒、体重下降等也是常见表现。患有甲亢需要接受规范的药物治疗，如果药物治疗效果不好，就要手术治疗。4.甲状腺肿瘤甲状腺肿瘤包括良性、恶性两种。肿瘤常常也表现为甲状腺结节的形式，当肿瘤较大时就可以造成脖子肿大。甲状腺肿瘤目前首选的治疗还是手术切除。对于甲状腺疾病，首选B超检查。发现甲状腺疾病时不用惊慌，及时到正规医院就诊，及时治疗才能更好的保护您的健康。平时生活要规律，参加适当的体育锻炼，多吃有机蔬菜水果，不要过多地吃咸而辣的食物，不吃过热、过冷、过期及变质的食物远离污染源，还要定时体检。 |
The following units and commanders took part in the Battle of Königgrätz on July 3, 1866. Compiled from the Prussian Army's Official History of the war.
Ranks and translations
Prussian Armies
King William I of Prussia
General der Infanterie Helmuth von Moltke
First Army
General der Kavallerie Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia
Chief of Staff: Generalleutnant Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz
III Corps
General der Kavallerie Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia
IV Corps
II Corps
Generalleutnant Stephan von Schmidt
Cavalry Corps
General der Kavallerie Prince Albert of Prussia
Second Army
General der Infanterie Crown Prince Frederick William of Prussia
Chief of Staff: Generalmajor Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal
Guard Corps
General der Kavallerie Prince August of Württemberg
I Corps
General der Infanterie Adolf von Bonin
V Corps
General der Infanterie Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz
VI Corps
General der Kavallerie Louis von Mutius
Elbe Army
General der Infanterie Karl Eberhard Herwarth von Bittenfeld
Chief of Staff: Colonel Ludwig von Schlotheim
I Reserve Corps
Generalleutnant Gustav von der Mülbe
Austrian North Army
Feldzeugmeister Ludwig von Benedek
Chief of Staff: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Alfred von Henikstein
1st Corps
General der Kavallerie Eduard Clam-Gallas
Deputy: General-Major Leopold Gondrecourt
2nd Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Karl von Thun und Hohenstein
Deputy: General-Major Josip Filipović
3rd Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Archduke Ernest
Deputy: General-Major Alois von Baumgarten
4th Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Tassilo Festetics de Tolna
Deputy: Feldmarschall-Leutnant Anton Mollinary von Monte Pastello
6th Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Wilhelm von Ramming
Deputy: General-Major August Kochmeister
8th Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Archduke Leopold Ludwig
Deputy: General-Major Joseph Weber
10th Corps
Feldmarschall-Leutnant Ludwig von Gablenz
Deputy: General-Major Alexander Freiherr von Koller
Reserve Cavalry
Saxon Army
General der Infanterie Crown Prince Albert of Saxony
Notes
Sources
Orders of battle
Austro-Prussian War |
格鲁派或格魯巴派（），為藏传佛教四大派之一，由西藏班智達——宗喀巴·羅桑札巴大师於十四世紀所创立，为阿底峽尊者噶當派的後裔之一。宗喀巴大師親建的第一座寺院為甘丹寺，故又称作甘丹派（Ganden）。格魯，意為“善規”，亦稱黃教，在藏区有很大的影响。格鲁派主要觀點為中觀應成學說。
歷史發展
明朝时，青海藏人宗喀巴以阿底峽尊者所創的噶當派教義為主，融合各宗各派的精華，創立格魯派，又被称为新噶当派。宗喀巴開宗立派之後，受到熱烈歡迎，格魯派因此代替噶舉派，接管了全藏的政教事務，成為第一大教派，格鲁派以嚴倡清規，而得名善規派，又被称为格律派，他们嚴守佛教戒律，所以不近女色，廢除双身法。格鲁派僧人多戴黃色的帽子，故漢地俗稱為黄教。学修并重的学风使其成为藏传佛教中影响力最大的派别。
由于格鲁派是四大教派中最晚出现，也是目前影响最大的一派，且宗喀巴原至薩迦的寺院學習，格鲁派几乎吸取了各个教派的各种精華教法，如：
有名的萨迦十三金法
噶举的大手印以及最有名的活佛转世，宗喀巴本人没有吸收转世制度，而是因宗喀巴的最小弟子根敦朱巴圆寂后，为防止内部分裂，于是袭用噶玛噶举派的转世办法，由根敦朱巴的亲属及部分高僧指定，后藏达纳地方出生的一名男孩根敦嘉措，为根敦朱巴的轉世靈童。由此形成达赖喇嘛转世系统。达赖喇嘛的尊号始用于索南嘉措时期。1578年，明王朝顺义王俺答汗赐予索南嘉措“圣识一切瓦齐尔达喇达赖喇嘛”的尊号。此后，格鲁派依此称号追认根敦朱巴為一世達賴、根敦嘉措分别为二世达赖。
宁玛的马头明王
噶当的十六明点（又称“十六滴”）
覺囊派的时轮金刚
觉域的断法教授
宗喀巴兩大弟子根敦朱巴与克主傑的法脈逐漸興盛，根敦朱巴的繼承人號稱達賴；克主傑的繼承人則號稱班禪，達賴與班禪是西藏的兩大政治與宗教領袖，历代甘丹寺主持甘丹赤巴是「格魯派教法」的領袖，格鲁教法的当然法台。法台几年一任，圆寂后并不是转世灵童担任，而是集合有学问高深的僧侣集体举行辩经，胜者继任。
學經制度
格魯派重視僧人學經、辯經﹐有系統的學經制度，先顯後密。格魯派擁有眾多寺院，發揮教育功能。
其教育科目總稱「五明處」，即廣義的佛學。各學堂有10-20個學寮，如噶丹寺有二學堂，各有13學寮。各學堂教授內容多少互異，科目共有：1.因明學、2.般若中觀學、3.中觀學、4.律學、5.俱舍學五個領域。其中般若中觀學主要學習《現觀莊嚴論》的師子賢《小注》，中觀學則主要學習月稱的《入中論》及宗喀巴的《入中論釋》。學僧要背誦指定的經論，透過爭論加深理解，成績優異者進而學習密教，學習目的是要成為一切智者。
宗喀巴規定，《現觀莊嚴論》、《中觀論》、《俱舍論》、《釋量論》和《律經本論》五部經典為該派學僧必修之課稱為顯宗五部大論。凡考取甘丹﹑哲蚌﹑色拉三大寺系統的拉然巴格西學位考試﹐再入推舉進入上下密院學習密宗四部(即事續﹑行續﹑瑜伽部﹑無上瑜伽部)﹐經過逐級的職位升遷﹐可升任甘丹赤巴 。
學位制度
格西意為善知識，或良師益友，相當於漢傳佛教的和尚、親教師，也有譯為佛學博士。 格西學位傳統上只授予在顯宗學院學習有一定成就的學經僧人，而不授予修習密宗的僧人。 在格魯派各寺院中對於格西的等級設置並不統一，學位名稱也不盡相同。
一般來說，拉薩三大寺的格西學位最權威，它的制度也最完善、最健全，所以下面僅就三大寺的四種格西學位作概要性的敘述。
第一等格西是拉然巴，意思是拉薩的博學高明之士，是格西中最高等級的學位；
第二等格西是措然巴，意思是全寺的卓越高明之士，比拉然巴格西要稍低一等。
這兩種格西，要經過多次考試後，還要經過當時噶廈政府最後的審定方能取得。
第三等格西是林賽，意思是從寺院裡選拔出來的有才學的人；
第四等格西是多然巴，意思是在佛殿門前石階上經過辯論問難考取的格西。 這兩種格西的考試和認定，不必經過噶廈政府的認可，由各寺自己決定。
教義特色
转世
随着众生的因缘，每一位活佛都示现不一样的情况。但众生因缘尽了，喇嘛则会示现圆寂或没有讲法（当众生没具足福德因缘或没有众生请法的缘起而致）。
地位
格鲁派四大活佛（祖古）在当今有很高的地位，为所有藏传佛教徒崇拜。
达赖喇嘛，主要在前藏
班禅额尔德尼，主要在后藏
章嘉呼图克图，主要在内蒙古
哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖，主要在蒙古国
教義方面，格魯派教法的領導人是甘丹寺的方丈，甘丹赤巴。
寺院
格魯派的三大寺指位於拉萨的三個格魯派寺廟，分別是：
甘丹寺（黄教母寺）
哲蚌寺
色拉寺
格魯派的四大寺表示拉薩的三大寺與
扎什伦布寺，位于西藏日喀则
再加上
塔尔寺，位于今青海西宁市附近
拉卜楞寺，位于今甘肃夏河县
為格魯派的六大寺。六大寺中都有顯教的佛學院。
其他格魯派管理的有名寺廟有：
大昭寺，位于西藏拉萨(尽管大昭寺是各教派共尊的神聖寺院，但现在以格魯派为主)
大藏寺，位于今四川阿壩州
大乘寺，位于尼泊尔
慶寧寺,位於蒙古國。
参考文献
外部链接
格鲁修学社区|格鲁主论坛
参见
佛教
佛教歷史
佛教宗派
藏传佛教
藏传佛教教派 |
Kiddo is the second studio album by Swedish electropop singer Tove Styrke. It was released on 8 June 2015 by Sony Music. The album includes all five original songs from the EP Borderline.
Background
The title Kiddo is a direct reference to Beatrix Kiddo from the Kill Bill films. According to Styrke: "I like her character a lot — she's empowering and cool. Kill Bill was an influence from some of the songs [on the album], and especially in the beginning of the creative process of this album. I also have a love-hate relationship with the word "kiddo," it's something that people say in a demeaning manner. I felt if I took that word and used it almost as a superhero name, then I would take the power away from them and use it as a strength. That's the interesting part about language, you can use it to tell your own story. I like doing that when I write".
Reception
Spin rated Kiddo with 8 from 10 and named it "Album of the Week". Time reviewed the album favourably and called it "a Feminist Pop Triumph".
Accolades
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer
Personnel
Credits adapted from the CD liner notes of Kiddo.
Tove Styrke – vocals
Johan T Karlsson – production ; co-production
Tom Coyne – mastering
Petter Eriksson – A&R
Slobodan Zivic – art direction
Carl Ask – production
Björn Hallberg – production
Christian Walz – production
Hedvig Jenning – photography
References
2015 albums
Tove Styrke albums |
Jatlan () is a village located on the northern bank of the Upper Jhelum Canal in the administrative region of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. As of the most recent data available, Jatlan has a population of approximately 2,214 residents.
Jatlan, was at the epicentre of the 2019 Kashmir earthquake, a seismic event of magnitude 6 . This earthquake resulted in substantial damage to the village's infrastructure and caused widespread disruption to the lives of its residents.
Jatlan has several notable sites, including the Jatlan Head, a construction dating back to the British colonial period. The structure stands as a tangible testament to the architectural and engineering styles prevalent during the British colonial rule in the region.
History
During the 1947 Jammu massacres the Indian army repulsed the Pashtun raiders near Srinagar on November 25, the raiders redirected their efforts towards Mirpur, which is situated in present-day Azad Kashmir. Notably, political scientist Christopher Snedden has mentioned claims of a tragic event in Mirpur around November 25, during which it is alleged that approximately 20,000 non-Muslims lost their lives and an additional 2,500 individuals were reported as abducted. Moreover, in the wider district of Mirpur and adjacent regions of Poonch, there were reports of instances where Hindu and Sikh women faced rape and abduction. This harrowing episode has led to the commemoration of November 25 as "Mirpur Day" in Indian-administered Kashmir. Areas surrounding Jatlan were used for non-Muslims to flee from persecution from various villages. Over 300 individuals who identified as non-Muslims sought refuge in the residence of a prominent Hindu figure located in Naka Guru, situated approximately four miles to the north of Jatlan.
After Pakistan's independence, during the Sialkot War, the Mirpur-Jatlan road was a main route of travel by the Pakistani Army's M35 supply trucks advancing equipment. A number of residents from Jatlan enlisted and have been assigned in the military conflict with India.
Geography
Jatlan is situated 5 miles from Khari Sharif. Jatlan links Mirpur City with Bhimber and Gujrat districts. Over the years Jatlan has become a major business and commercial hub for the region due to its geographical location.
Its climate is quite hot during the summer, where the maximum average temperature per annum is 40 degrees centrigrade, and other geographical conditions closely resemble those of Jhelum and Gujrat, adjoining districts of Pakistan. The topography of Jatlan, consists of plains and the foothills of the Himalayas. The main crop cultivated during summer is Millet and Pulses. However, other cash crops such as Wheat, Maize, Fruits like watermelon, and vegetables are also grown along the Jatlan canal. The product of quality rice from the paddy fields of Khari Sharif between Upper Jhelum Canal and River Jhelum is famous for its aroma and taste.
Public Services
Jatlan's law enforcement is under the Azad Kashmir Police Force and has a Police Station (چوکی) of the main road containing a singular cell for inmate holding. Crime is rare in Jatlan and the police force most commonly investigate land-related incidents as well as immigration related incidents involving the Afghani population in Pakistan. Jatlan's police force are regularly deployed in large numbers across the town mainly around religious holidays and public holidays.
Paramedic services in Jatlan are carried out by EDHI having a large number of ambulance vehicles and a hospital located south of the town. The KIRF hospital is a community hospital with functional departments. During the COVID-19 pandemic the hospital was put to challenges which exhausted supplies and caused many patients with less serious problems to be turned away by the hospital.
The town also has one of the biggest orphanages in Pakistan (Kashmir Orphanage Relief Trust) which houses and provides education for orphans from Kashmir. The orphanage is operational from donations most notably from overseas Pakistanis residing in the United Kingdom. The orphanage came into foundation after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Mohammed Akhtar and his friends created a charity and raised with over £118,000 in just five days to provide tents, blankets, food, and medicine for the worst affected areas. The government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir donated 13 acres of land to KORT in 2007 to build a purpose built complex for orphans. KORT has provided more than 300 houses for widows and the disabled.
Jatlan does not have a fire brigade and thus relies on the nearest fire station in Mirpur which is 20km away and can delay emergencies by up to half an hour.
Jatlan has many military and police checkpoints across the town constantly alert for threats to security and law enforcement violations related to vehicles. Checkpoints are common along the main road enroute to Mirpur New City and near the main Jatlan roundabout (چوک).
The electricity supplying Jatlan originates from the Tarbela Dam and is prone to often load shedding without timetabled schedules disrupting flow of activities in the smooth operations for businesses across Pakistan. Many Mirpuris deeply resented the lack of consideration for their contribution to Pakistan’s economy. Efforts have not been made to stimulate economic and infrastructural development in the Mirpur district or in Azad Kashmir as a whole. Large sums have been spent on the Mangla Dam however the benefits of Mangla’s electricity were felt in Lahore, and in Karachi, long before power lines began to be installed in Mirpur. The level of royalties paid to the Azad Kashmir government for the dam’s benefits has been disputed between Islamabad and Muzaffarabad.
Notable Visits
Imran Khan - Former Prime Minister of Pakistan inaugurated the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
Atif Aslam - Pakistani playback singer and songwriter visited the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
Adil Rashid - English cricket player visited the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
Masood Khan - Former President of Azad Kashmir and Pakistan's Ambassador to the United Nations visited the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
Fawad Rana - Pakistani businessman who owns Lahore Qalandars inaugurated the sports complex at the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
Asad Qaiser - Former Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan visited the Kashmir Orphans Relief Trust in Jatlan
References
Mirpur District |
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2008年澳門 |
Battle of Grudziądz was a military engagement between German and Polish forces during the early days of the Invasion of Poland in September 1939. It started on 1 September and ended with a German victory on 4 September. German historiography has dealt with the fighting in the larger context of the Battle of Tuchola Forest.
The Polish border city of Grudziądz (Germ. Graudenz) contained headquarters of the 16th Infantry Division, as well as the military Center of Cavalry Training (Centrum Wyszkolenia Kawalerii). Moreover, it played a crucial role as a strongpoint in order to defend the Vistula River Line and secure the route of retreat of Polish divisions of the Pomorze Army under General Władysław Bortnowski, engaged on the left, western bank of the river. Among units stationed in the Polish Corridor were the 9th, the 15th, and the 27th I.D.'s, together with the Pomeranian Cavalry Brigade from Bydgoszcz. Since Polish headquarters had planned an armed intervention in the Free City of Danzig, the 27th I.D. and the Pomeranian Cavalry had been transferred northwards in mid-August 1939, to the area of Chojnice and Starogard Gdański. On 1 September 1939, at the moment of the invasion, both units remained in the Corridor, vulnerable to a German attack. East of the Vistula, along the line stretching from Grudziądz to Lidzbark (Germ. Lautenburg) stood the German 4th Army, under General Günther von Kluge. Grudziądz itself was defended by the Operational Group East (Grupa Operacyjna Wschód), under Gen. Mikołaj Bołtuć. The group consisted of the 4th from Toruń (Colonel Tadeusz Lubicz-Niezabitowski), and the local 16th Infantry Division (Colonel Stanisław Świtalski), both part of the Pomorze Army.
1 September 1939
The area of Grudziądz was assaulted by the German XXI Corps (Gen. von Falkenhorst) on 1 September, when the German 21st and 218th Infantry Divisions pushed back the Polish lines behind the small river Osa, east of Grudziądz. The main German attack was concentrated on the left Polish wing, defended by the 16th I.D. In the area of Łasin, German units were halted, but another attack, near Dąbrówka Królewska, was successful. After crossing the Osa, the Germans captured a bridgehead near Bielawki. On 1 September, in the afternoon, after receiving reinforcements, the Germans continued their attack, which was finally halted by the Poles at app. 7 p.m. During the night of 1-2 September, General Bołtuć led the 4th Infantry Division in a counterattack the German 218th Infantry Division, in order to push the invaders back behind the Osa. Although Polish forces gained some ground, the attack was finally repulsed.
2 September 1939
On 2 September, at 8 a.m., the Germans began an assault, aiming to push further back the 16th I.D. After an artillery barrage, German infantry moved into the action, managing to expand the bridgehead. The situation of Polish troops was particularly difficult in the western wing of their line of defence, and as a result, the 66th and the 64th infantry regiments (part of the 16th I.D.) had to retreat towards the Grudziądz - Jabłonowo Pomorskie railroad. To save the situation, General Bortnowski ordered 142nd squadron of the Polish Air Force (Colonel Bolesław Stachoń) to bomb German positions. The bombing did not bring any significant gains for the Poles, and in the afternoon of that day, the Poles began to retreat. Panic broke out in some Polish units, as the Wehrmacht, supported by the local Fifth Column, attacked the 208th reserve infantry regiment.
Nevertheless, General Bołtuć ordered Colonel Lubicz-Niezabitowski's 4th I.D. to counterattack, in order to help the 16th I.D., which was under heavy German pressure. The 4th I.D. attacked from Radzyń Chełmiński towards Mełno, and the assault began at 8 p.m. Initially, the Germans retreated towards Annowo and Gruta, which was recaptured by the Poles at midnight. Furthermore, Polish 65th infantry regiment recaptured Nicwałd, but the Poles were halted before they reached their original defensive positions along the Osa. On that night General Bołtuć dismissed Colonel Stanisław Świtalski, who was unable to control his men, and replaced him with Colonel Zygmunt Bohusz-Szyszko.
3 and 4 September 1939
Sunday, 3 September 1939, began with a massive German assault on Polish positions. At the same time Bołtuć received news that the Polish divisions on the western bank of the Vistula were facing defeat and the German forces had already crossed the Vistula in the south. This forced him to pull back his units in order to avoid being soon encircled. The Polish defenders destroyed the bridges over the Vistula and retreated to the south-east, towards the Drwęca river, where they took new defensive positions. Grudziądz itself was abandoned on Sunday in the early afternoon. After a few hours, elements of the German 45th Infantry Regiment entered the city, but main German forces did not capture all of Grudziądz until the morning of 4 September, Monday.
See also
Siege of Graudenz
List of World War II military equipment of Poland
List of German military equipment of World War II
Literature
Eugeniusz Kozłowski (Ed.): Wojna obronna Polski 1939, Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Nradowej, Warszawa 1979.
Nikolaus von Vormann: Der Feldzug 1939 in Polen, Prinz-Eugen-Verlag, Weissenburg 1958. ASIN B0000BP152
Czesław Grzelak, Henryk Stańczyk Kampania polska 1939 roku, page 308. Oficyna Wydawnicza RYTM Warszawa, 2005.
External links
Grudziadz
Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)
September 1939 events |
Churchill's Bodyguard (2005) is a 13-episode British television documentary series chronicling Winston Churchill's bodyguard, Walter H. Thompson (voiced by Dennis Waterman), who guarded him throughout his career. The series is based on Walter Thompson's memoir, which he wrote as a British police officer who was Churchill's personal bodyguard for 18 years. The series was created by the producers of Hitler's Bodyguard, and narrated by Robert Powell.
See also
Hitler's Bodyguard (TV series), a 13-part documentary with the same directors and narrator
References
External links
2005 British television series debuts
2005 British television series endings
2000s British documentary television series
British military television series
Documentary television series about World War II
English-language television shows |
阿尔马拉古什陨石坑(al-Marrakushi)是月球正面位于丰富海东部的一座小撞击坑，
其名称取自摩洛哥数学家、天文学家、伊斯兰学者及苏菲行者(Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Marrakushi，1256年-1321年)，1976年被国际天文联合会正式批准接受。
描述
该陨坑东邻朗伦环形山；东南靠近洛泽陨石坑和文德利努斯环形山；克罗兹陨石坑和麦克卢尔陨石坑则位于它的西南。该陨坑的中心月面坐标为，直径8.6公里，深度1.11公里。
阿尔马拉古什陨石坑是一座圆形、匀称的撞击坑，带有一个平坦的小坑底。坑壁平均高出周边地形300米，内部容积约有20公里3。其形态特征隶属于"BIO 型"(以该类陨坑的典型代表-毕奥陨坑所命名的)。该陨坑附近的月海表面显示覆盖了来自朗伦环形山的射纹物质。
在1976年被国际天文联合会重新更名前，该陨坑曾被称为卫星坑"朗伦 Q"。
参考文献
另请参阅
外部链接
月球数码摄影图集.
阿波罗12号和阿波罗14号拍摄的阿尔马拉古什陨石坑照片.
LAC-80 图中的阿尔马拉古什陨石坑.
阿尔马拉古什陨石坑周边月面图.
阿尔马拉古什陨石坑周边地形图.
维基月球在线解说-阿尔马拉古什陨石坑.
Andersson, L.E., and E.A. Whitaker, 美国宇航局月球地名目录, 美国宇航局参考出版物1097, 1982年10月.
A |
閣西昌島（，）是一座位於泰國暹羅灣之附屬海灣曼谷灣中的島嶼。閣西昌島在行政體系上自成一縣，即閣西昌縣。該島隸屬於春武里府，距離最近的陸上行政區是拉差縣約12公里。
歷史
前幾任泰国国王包括拉瑪四世、拉瑪五世以及拉瑪六世都曾拜訪過這座島嶼。其中拉瑪五世在此建立夏宮：布拉楚他圖宮（）。1893年當時掌控寮國的法國為擴張勢力而入侵錫江島，皆時布拉楚他宮因而被破壞。1900年泰王在曼谷重建夏宮，這座重建的夏宮就是現在的維曼默宮。
參考
外部連結
閣西昌縣官方網站 (泰語)
Amphoe Ko Sichang from amphoe.com (泰語)
春武里府官方網站 (泰語)
春武里府
泰國島嶼 |
The men's javelin throw competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar was held on 12 December 2006 at the Khalifa International Stadium.
Schedule
All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
Records
Results
Legend
DNS — Did not start
References
External links
Results
Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games
2006 |
Flavio Gioia or Gioja, also known as Ioannes Gira Amalphensis (; 1300 – ?) is reputed to have been an Italian mariner, inventor, and supposedly a marine pilot. He has traditionally been credited with developing the sailor's compass, but this has been debated. However, he is credited with perfecting it by suspending its needle over a wind rose design with north designed by a fleur-de-lys, and enclosing it in a box with a glass cover. He was also said to have introduced such design, which pointed North, to defend against Charles of Anjou, the French king of Naples.
Although the surname "Gioia" is true, the name "Flavio" has been demonstrated to be a translation error. His real name was probably Giovanni; and his birthplace has been found to be Positano, in the Amalfi Coast.
The lunar crater Gioja is named after him.
References
[https://web.archive.org/web/20071128001608/http://www.sapere.it/tca/MainApp?srvc=dcmnt&url=%2Ftc%2Fstoria%2Farticoli%2FDP%2FM%2FBussola%2FBussola.jsp Si trattò soltanto di un errore dovuto ad una virgola] (It was just a mistake caused by a comma) (found at sapere.it, stored at archive.org)
Gioia, Flavio
Gioia, Flavio
Gioia, Flavio
Gioia, Flavio
People from Amalfi |
亚丁殖民地（； ）是1937年至1963年间的英国直辖殖民地，由亚丁港及其周边地区组成（大约192平方公里）。
在1937年之前亚丁都是英属印度的一部分（先为孟买管辖区下辖的亚丁定居地，后为首席专员省）。1935年印度政府法令通过后，亚丁在1937年4月1日成为直轄殖民地。
1963年1月18日，亚丁重组为亚丁国（阿拉伯文：ولاية عدن、Wilāyat ʿAdan），加入南阿拉伯联邦。联邦于1967年11月30日改为南也门人民共和国后，英国统治结束。
英国在亚丁内陆地区建立了亚丁保护国。
历史
1839年1月19日，不列颠东印度公司的皇家海军陆战队为了剿灭掠夺英国商船的海盗，占领了亚丁。海陆军都认为亚丁是具有战略价值、可以为船只提供补给的重要港口。建立亚丁殖民地后，英国的势力逐渐从东西两面渗透内陆地区，最终建立亚丁保护国。
亚丁迅速成为了英属印度和欧洲之间的重要转口港、加煤站。1869年苏伊士运河开通后，亚丁的商业及战略重要性大幅提升。从此而后，亚丁都是世界上最繁忙的港口之一。
1937年，亚丁脱离英属印度成为独立的直辖殖民地。殖民地由亚丁港及其周边地区（大约192平方公里）组成。卡马兰岛、丕林岛和库里亚穆里亚群岛也是殖民地的组成部分。
在1937年之前亚丁都是英属印度的一部分（先为孟买管辖区下辖的亚丁定居地，后为首席专员省）。通过后，亚丁在1937年4月1日成为直辖殖民地。
亚丁在独立之前饱受动乱折磨。
参考
葉門歷史 |
長安君可以指：
长安君 (赵国)，戰國時期赵孝成王的兄弟。
成蟜，戰國時期秦王政的兄弟。 |
产妇能不能吃姜和葱？坐月子期间需要产妇注意一些饮食问题，很多的饮食会对产妇造成伤害，然而，有些产妇并不知道什么食物是在坐月子期间不宜食用的。产妇的身体在坐月子时也会变得非常虚弱，一些食物对于产妇会有很大帮助，那么，产妇坐月子究竟能不能吃生姜和葱？让我们一起了解一下。葱、姜属于温热性的食物，这些食物食用的过量后会导致恶露增加，如果产妇在食用葱、姜后恶露突然增多或是颜色变了，就需要暂时停止或是减少食用的量，等到恶露的颜色变成淡黄色或是白色的时候再吃姜。每天吃姜的量不可以超过小半碗，同时产妇也不可以食用浓缩的姜汁产妇慎吃葱姜蒜的原因：辛辣温燥食物可使产妇内生热，产妇因此上火，出现口舌生疮，大便秘结及痔疮等。给宝宝授乳的妈妈有内热，能够通过乳汁影响婴儿，使宝宝体内也生热。因此，产妇饮食宜清淡温和，特别在产后5-7天之内，应以米粥、软饭、面条、蛋汤等为主，尽量少吃吃葱姜蒜。除此，姜是辛温之物，吃姜一次不宜过多，过多的姜醋会增加血性恶露。产后饮食上可以选择高蛋白、营养丰富的食物，新鲜的蔬菜、水果。避免油炸、辛辣、生冷的食物，尽量避免人参、田七等活血的食物以防产后出血。要注意休息，适当活动，避免过度劳累，避免爬楼梯。衣着宜宽松，勤换衣物，注意个人卫生，综上所述，母乳喂养的妈妈吃的食物对宝宝是有影响的，比如：味精、巧克力、咖啡、茶会影响发育；辣椒、生蒜、生葱、香菜会让奶有怪味；元葱、大豆会让宝宝胀气；西瓜、黄瓜、梨是寒性水果，可能会让宝宝拉肚子；韭菜、猪肝会导致回奶。所以，姜和葱产妇还是慎用较好。 |
Legislative elections were held in Adjara, an autonomous republic within Georgia, on October 1, 2012. Adjara elected its 18-member parliament, Supreme Council, in the region's 6th local legislative election since Georgia declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Background
The 18-member Supreme Council of Adjara is elected for a 4-year term. Six of its members are elected through the majoritarian contest in single-mandate constituencies and the remaining 12 seats are filled through the proportional contest from those parties or blocs which clear 5% threshold.
The last election, held in November 2008, was won by Georgia's ruling United National Movement, which had 15 seats in the Council. The remaining 3 seats were won by the opposition Christian-Democratic Movement.
Results
The election was held simultaneously with the nationwide parliamentary election on October 1, 2012. The opposition Georgian Dream coalition, spearheaded by Bidzina Ivanishvili, received 57.55% of votes in the proportional, party-list contest; the incumbent United National Movement party, led by President of Georgia Mikheil Saakashvili, garnered 36.94%. Other five parties, which were running in the Adjara election, failed to clear 5% threshold. The Christian-Democratic Movement received 2.82%, the Georgian Labour Party 1.28%, and the New Rights 0.55%. The Georgian Dream candidates won in 3 out of Adjara's 6 single-mandate constituencies (Batumi, Kobuleti, and Khelvachauri); other 3 constituencies (Keda, Khulo, and Shuakhevi) were won by the United National Movement.
As a result, the Georgian Dream secured 13 seats and the remaining 8 seats were taken by the United National Movement.
References
Adjara
Elections in Adjara
Adjara |
青少年狂躁症有哪些表现？积极健康的情绪对人类健康有一定的益处。它们可以促进血液循环，振奋精神。负面情绪会影响身体的健康并导致各种疾病。青春期是人们心理变化相对较大的时期。情绪就在这个时候。变化和刺激性，受环境，心理素质等影响，许多青少年在青春期会患上躁狂症，然后引入青春期躁狂症的症状。作为主要临床阶段，存在具有高度情绪或烦躁的躁狂发作，伴随有活力，言语增加，活动增加以及伴有精神病症状(例如幻觉，妄想和神经症状)的严重症状。如果不及时治疗，长期反复发作会导致慢性疾病，人格改变和社会功能受损。由于先前存在的人格和疾病症状，酒精依赖，药物滥用和药物依赖的发生率很高。在躁狂状态下，由于烦躁，冲动控制能力，判断力受损和不合理行为，可能会出现皮疹，无关，随意挥霍，伤害和破坏等异常行为。因此，一旦积极治疗傲慢状态的诊断，避免不良后果。感到过于自信，甚至是浮夸的想象力。它比平常需要更少的睡眠。不能停止说话。思绪在快速旋转。这很容易分散注意力。在社交场合过于活跃，在做或学习时过于正常，或在大多数时候感到焦虑。幸福的活动没有考虑到后果。不会考虑长时间坐在一个地方。太严格的处理事情。患有青春期躁狂症的患者应该过着规律的家庭生活和和谐的家庭环境。青少年躁狂症患者的生活环境最好采用冷色调，如绿色和蓝色，房间布局简洁大方。在接近和与患者交谈时，态度应该和谐，善良，耐心;谈话更多的患者应尽量不要说话或争论太多，甚至嘲笑或嘲笑。在患者生病期间，尽量保持家中安静，尽可能少接待客人。在听音乐时，你应该尽量放一些节奏和舒缓的小夜曲或轻音乐，以避免患者的兴奋。以上是专家介绍“青少年狂热的主要原因是什么?”专家指出，面对高考，年轻人必须放松。虽然高考非常重要，但它并不是决定未来的唯一因素。这只是生命中的一个。这只是经验问题。 |
有轻微的盆腔积液怎么办？盆腔积液是一种表现而非疾病，确切的说是影像学对盆腔内液体的一种描述。按产生因素可分为生理性盆腔积液和病理性盆腔积液。生理性盆腔积液是指正常的盆腔积液，多发生在妇女排卵后或早孕期，可自然消失，不需治疗。病理性盆腔积液可发生于盆腔炎，附件炎或子宫内膜异位症，卵巢和输卵管肿瘤、肝肾疾病等疾病，同时伴有腹水，甚至胸水。异位妊娠和黄体破裂可引起盆腔血性积液。结核性盆腔炎时，腹膜及盆腔脏器的表面布满大量栗粒状的结核病灶，会产生大量的渗出液聚集在盆腔。病理性盆腔积液危害较大，一旦发现异常的盆腔积液，应及时到医院就诊。盆腔积液分为生理性盆腔积液和病理性盆腔积液。如果没有腹痛，肛门坠胀等症状，是属于生理性盆腔积液，比如在卵巢排卵后卵泡液流入盆腔、月经期经血流入盆腔，都可以形成盆腔积液。对于生理性盆腔积液是不需要治疗的，病理性盆腔积液包括炎症性盆腔积液和肿瘤性盆腔积液，这是需要治疗的，炎症性盆腔积液会有明显的下腹痛症状，需要抗炎治疗，肿瘤性盆腔积液需要手术治疗。如果积液较多，患者同时伴有不规律下腹痛，则为慢性盆腔炎，可以给予口服药物治疗。盆腔积液属于妇科疾病中非常常见的一种，而且多发生在产后的女性中。首先治疗方法不同，费用应该就会有一定的不同，一般传统的治疗方式主要是以药物配合手术治疗为主，一般费用会因为实施手术的难度和治疗效果不同，费用产生的情况也有一定的差别，目前手术费用大概在5000元左右。 |
Anthony Pearson may refer to:
Anthony Pearson (martyr) (died 1543), English Protestant martyr, executed for heresy
Anthony Pearson (Quaker) (1628– 1670), English Quaker
Tony Pearson (cricketer) (born 1941), former English cricketer
Tony Pearson (bodybuilder) (born 1957), American bodybuilding champion |
St Peter's Greenhill is a Parish Church in the Church of England Diocese of Sheffield located in the Greenhill area of the city.
The church was built between 1964 and 1965 to serve the housing development that was built at what was then the edge of Sheffield. Prior to the construction of the church, the local population were served by the church of St James, Norton. The church was designed by Oxley and Bussey, and it was consecrated by the Bishop of Derby in May 1965.
The church was designated a Grade II listed building in 1999.
References
External links
Official website
Churches completed in 1965
20th-century Church of England church buildings
Peters, Greenhill
Sheffield, St Peter's Greenhill |
小行星2408（2408 Astapovich）是一颗绕太阳运转的小行星，为主小行星带小行星。该小行星于1978年8月31日发现。
轨道参数
小行星2408的轨道半长轴为2.6358174 UA，离心率为0.244。
参考文献
小行星带天体 |
Radula is a genus of liverwort, and is the only genus in family Radulaceae.
It is a leafy liverwort. The appearance of the plants are as a scaly, green surface on the trunk of a tree, log or rock in a sheltered, moist out-door environment. The leaves are rounded, overlapping and consist of two unequal lobes. The smaller lobe is folded beneath the larger one. The oldest fossil species is Radula cretacea from the Cenomanian aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, belonging to the subgenus of Odontoradula. Molecular evidence suggests that the genus arose during the Triassic, around 227.8 Ma, and the crown group began to diversify during the Early Jurassic, around 176.3 Ma.
Species
World Flora Online lists up to 262 species. See List of Radula species, for full list of species.
Some selected species are listed here;
Radula boninensis
Radula carringtonii
Radula cavifolia
Radula complanata
Radula deflexilobula Promma, L.N.Zhang et R.L.Zhu
Radula demissa M.A.M.Renner, 2013
Radula javanica
Radula jonesii Bouman, Dirkse & Yamada
Radula kojana
Radula laxiramea
Radula marginata
Radula obtusiloba
Radula perrottetii
Radula visianica C. Massal.
References
External links
Porellales
Porellales genera |
The Kinmen Peace Memorial Park () is a memorial park in Jinning Township, Kinmen County, Taiwan.
History
The memorial park was established to commemorate General Hu Lien in the victory of Battle of Guningtou.
Architecture
The memorial park features a memorial hall which displays information and photos about the Battle of Guningtou and General Hu Lien. At its courtyard, lies a giant peace bell made of fragments of bombshells.
References
Buildings and structures in Kinmen County
Jinning Township
Memorial parks in Taiwan
Tourist attractions in Kinmen County |
请描述咯血的现场急救方法？1．设法劝慰病人，消除惊慌。让病人取侧卧位，头侧向一方，不要大声说话和用力咳嗽，冷毛巾或冰袋冷敷胸部（但要注意其他部位保暖），减少咯血。出血量多的可用砂袋压迫患侧胸部，限制胸部活动（适用于病变部位已经明确的病人）。如离医院很远，则应在咯血缓解后才能送医院抢救，否则途中颠簸会加重病情，甚至死亡。2．口服三七粉、安络血或云南白药；农村也可用草木灰冲服止血；还可取鲜藕捣烂取汁冲服半碗，必要时服镇静药。3．大咯血常造成窒息，一定要嘱咐病人把血吐出，不能强行憋住，也不要咽下，以免血块堵住气管。病人在咯血中，突然咯不出来，张口瞠目、烦躁不安、不能平卧、急于坐起、呼吸急促、面部青紫和喉部痰声辘辘，这些都是窒息的信号，有经验的病人还会用手指指着喉部，示意呼吸道堵塞。此时当争分夺秒，想方设法迅速排除呼吸道凝血块，恢复呼吸道畅通。附：咯血所致窒息病人的抢救立即拦腰抱起病人，让其上身俯下、头低垂，轻拍病人背部。若是卧床病人，应立即让病人上半身垂在床沿下；如果病人病变部位明确，上身悬垂时注意健侧在上，病侧在下，同时将病人头向后仰伸，用金属匙柄，或用手指（包上纱布），撬开病人上下牙，清除口腔内血块，轻轻拍击病人背部，以利呼吸道内瘀血块排出。待病人恢复自动呼吸、面色转红和脱离危险后，立即送医院救治。 |
2016年夏季帕拉林匹克運動會的男子100米蛙泳比賽於9月8日至15日於奧林匹克水上運動中心舉行，共分為10個級別。
比賽模式
游泳比賽設有種子制度，會按照運動員於指定時間做出的最快時間排列，之後依次序將運動員分配在不同的預賽組別。
預備開始時運動員並不是必須在跳台上準備，而可以選擇站在跳台旁或坐在跳台上，甚至是在水中或需要工作人員協助平衡下在跳台上準備，前提是不影響比賽的公平性。
但是背泳及混合式接力則是所有運動員都在水中準備。
進行轉池時，運動員必需將身體其中一部份接觸泳池邊的牆壁才可以轉身繼續餘下的比賽。
預賽成績最快的8位運動員將會晉級至決賽。如果於第8名出現2位運動員有相同的完成時間，則需要進行加賽以決定晉級的運動員。
如果預賽少於8位運動員，而比賽又認為是可以繼續進行，則會直接進行決賽而不進行預賽。
詳細的殘障分級規則及方法可以參閱IPC的網頁。
運動員的服裝、泳式的規定可以參閱IPC的網頁。
以下時間為南美標準時間（UTC-3）。
世界紀錄
本屆比賽前，該項目的世界及奧運會紀錄如下：
SB4級：
SB5級：
SB6級：
SB7級：
SB8級：
SB9級：
SB11級：
SB12級：
SB13級：
SB14級：
比賽結果
SB4級
SB5級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB6級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB7級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB8級
SB9級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB11級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB12級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB13級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
SB14級
預賽
第一組
第二組
決賽
獎牌得主
參考資料
外部連結
國際殘疾人奧林匹克委員會（游泳）
2016年夏季殘疾人奧林匹克運動會游泳比賽
男子100公尺蛙式 |
Xu Jingzong (592 – September 20, 672), courtesy name Yanzu, posthumously known as Duke Gong of Gaoyang, was a Chinese cartographer, historian, and politician who served as a chancellor in the Tang dynasty. Allied with Emperor Gaozong's powerful wife, Empress Wu (later known as Wu Zetian), Xu Jingzong was exceedingly powerful and effective throughout most of Gaozong's reign. By order of Empress Wu, he played a major role in the elimination of the chancellors opposed to her, between years 657 to 659 and 665.
Early life
Xu Jingzong was born in 592, during the reign of Emperor Wen in the Sui dynasty. His ancestors had served as officials of the Southern dynasties during the Southern and Northern dynasties period for generations and claimed to be originally from Gaoyang Commandery (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei) before moving south of the Yangtze River in light of the Jin dynasty's loss of the north. Xu Jingzong's father, Xu Shanxin (), was serving as an emissary of Chen Shubao, the last emperor of the Chen dynasty, to Emperor Wen, whose Sui dynasty then ruled the north, in 589, when Sui destroyed Chen to end the Southern and Northern dynasties period and reunify China. Emperor Wen was impressed with Xu Shanxin's profound sadness (rather than abject submission) at the fall of his state, and made him an official in his own administration.
During the Sui dynasty
Xu Jingzong himself was said to be knowledgeable of literature in his youth, and, after passing the imperial examination, was made a scribe at Huaiyang Commandery (, roughly modern Zhoukou, Henan). He was soon made a low level official in the imperial administration of Emperor Wen's son, Emperor Yang. In 618, with virtually the entire Sui state engulfed by agrarian rebellions against Emperor Yang's rule, Xu Shanxin and Xu Jingzong were at Jiangdu (in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu) with Emperor Yang and his other officials, when Emperor Yang was killed in a coup led by the general Yuwen Huaji. Yuwen was initially planning to spare Xu Shanxin, but after Xu Shanxin publicly refused to submit to him by dancing in his presence (then considered a sign of thanksgiving and submission), Yuwen executed him. Xu Jingzong submitted to Yuwen (by dancing) and was spared. His exact travels after Emperor Yang's death were not clear, although it is known that he later served the rebel ruler Li Mi, the Duke of Wei, as a secretary (along with the future Tang chancellor Wei Zheng), before eventually becoming a subject of the Tang dynasty, which emerged victorious from the civil wars near and after the end of Sui. (Sui's last emperor, Emperor Yang's grandson, Yang Tong, posthumously honored Xu Shanxin by posthumously making him the Duke of Gaoyang — a title that Xu Jingzong would eventually receive from Tang.)
During Emperor Gaozu's reign
It is not clear what Xu Jingzong's activities were initially after becoming a subject of the Tang dynasty under the reign of Emperor Gaozu, but it is known that in 621, by which time Tang had prevailed over most, but not all, of its rivals in its campaign to reunify China after Sui's collapse, Xu was set to be sent to Lian Prefecture (, roughly modern Huai'an, Jiangsu) to serve as its prefect's chief advisor, when Emperor Gaozu's son, Li Shimin (the Prince of Qin), hearing of his talent, kept him in the capital to serve as a member of his staff at a mansion where he retained the best literary talent and served them with the best food and wine. Xu also carried the title of census officer of Songzhou during this time, but appeared to not report to Songzhou at all.
During Emperor Taizong's reign
In 634, eight years after Li Shimin had succeeded Emperor Gaozu as emperor (as Emperor Taizong), Xu Jingzong was made an imperial scholar responsible for editing imperial history, as well as a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (, Zhongshu Sheng). In 636, after Emperor Taizong's wife, Empress Zhangsun, died, the officials were observing a period of mourning and rotating in watching her casket, when Xu, seeing that the official taking that particular shift, Ouyang Xun, was exceedingly ugly in appearance, burst out in laughter, and was accused by the imperial censor for disrespect. He was demoted to the post of military assistant of the commandant at Hong Prefecture (, roughly modern Nanchang, Jiangxi). Eventually, he was recalled to the capital to be in charge of imperial supplies and continued to also serve in the role of editing imperial histories. In 643, he assisted the chancellor Fang Xuanling in editing and then submitting imperial histories for Emperors Gaozu's and Taizong's reigns and, for his contribution to the project, was created the Baron of Gaoyang, given an award of silk, and promoted to be the acting deputy head of the examination bureau of government (, Menxia Sheng). He was also soon made a junior advisor to Emperor Taizong's crown prince, Li Zhi.
In 645, Emperor Taizong was on the campaign against Goguryeo when the chancellor Cen Wenben, who was in charge of the legislative bureau and writing his edicts, died suddenly. Emperor Taizong had left Li Zhi at Ding Prefecture (, roughly modern Baoding, Hebei), to be in charge of logistics, assisted by a number of officials led by the chancellor Gao Shilian, and Xu was a member of Li Zhi's staff there. After Cen's sudden death, Emperor Taizong summoned Xu to the front and put him in charge of writing the edicts, and made him acting deputy head of the legislative bureau. After Emperor Taizong had a major victory over the main Goguryeo forces, he had Xu draft an edict announcing the victory, and he praised Xu for the beauty of the language that Xu used. (Despite the victory, however, Emperor Taizong's campaign would eventually end in failure, as he was unable to capture Anshi (, in modern Anshan, Liaoning) against the fierce defenses by the Goguryeo general later known in Korean popular stories as Yang Manchun.) Later, at Xu's suggestion, staff members of Li Zhi's elder brother and predecessor as crown prince, Li Chengqian (who was deposed in 643 in light of discoveries that he had plotted to overthrow his father), who had been long banned from civil service, had their eligibility restored.
During Emperor Gaozong's reign
In 649, Emperor Taizong died, and Li Zhi succeeded him (as Emperor Gaozong). As part of the reshuffling of the imperial government, the minister of ceremonies, Yu Zhining was made chancellor, and Xu took over Yu's post as minister of ceremonies. Around this time, however, he was accused of improperly accepting an excessive amount of bride price to give his daughter in marriage to a son of Feng Ang (), a powerful regional official and chieftain of the local people in modern Guangdong, and, for this perceived impropriety was demoted to the post of prefect of Zheng Prefecture (roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan). In 652, he was recalled to the capital to serve as the minister of armory supplies, and in 655 was restored to his old post of minister of ceremonies.
Meanwhile, Emperor Gaozong's wife, Empress Wang, had lost her favor with the emperor, who now favored Consort Wu, and he wanted to depose Empress Wang and replace her with Consort Wu. The chancellors—except Li Ji—were all opposed, with the harshest opposition coming from Chu Suiliang, Han Yuan, and Lai Ji. Xu became an ally of Consort Wu, along with the other officials Li Yifu, Cui Yixuan (), and Yuan Gongyu (). Xu tried to get the most powerful of the chancellors, Emperor Gaozong's maternal uncle Zhangsun Wuji, to join their party as well, but Zhangsun, while not outwardly opposing Consort Wu's ascension, repeatedly showed implicit disapproval and refused to join Consort Wu's cause. He further repeatedly rebuked Xu, drawing Xu's resentment. Later in 655, despite severe opposition from Chu, Han, and Lai, Emperor Gaozong deposed Empress Wang and her ally Consort Xiao and replaced Empress Wang with Consort Wu. (Empress Wang and Consort Xiao were later cruelly killed at Empress Wu's instigation.) During the controversy change of empresses, Xu publicly endorsed the move, stating that it was no one else's business if the emperor wanted to change empresses, and it was partly due to Xu's words that Emperor Gaozong's resolve was hardened, and he further demoted Chu out of the capital. In addition, once Empress Wang was deposed, Xu submitted a petition to have honors posthumously given to her father, Wang Renyou (), rescinded.
In late 655, Xu also proposed that the crown prince, Li Zhong (born of Consort Liu, who was of low birth, and therefore proposed as crown prince by Empress Wang (who was herself sonless) in 652 as she hoped that he would be grateful), be deposed and replaced with Empress Wu's eldest son, Li Hong. In 656, Emperor Gaozong agreed and demoted Li Zhong to the title of Prince of Liang, creating Li Hong crown prince instead.
In 657, following Empress Wu's directions, Xu and Li Yifu accused Han and Lai (who were still chancellors at this point but had basically lost power) of conspiring with Chu to rebel. Han, Lai, and Chu were all made prefects of distant prefectures and ordered to be permanently banished from the capital. Later that year, Xu was made Shizhong (): the head of the examination bureau and a post considered one for a chancellor. In 658, he was made Zhongshu Ling (), the head of the legislative bureau and also a post considered for a chancellor; he was also promoted to the greater title of Duke of Gaoyang.
By 659, Empress Wu, with her own great powers-base, began to seek further vengeance against those she felt had slighted her, and her prime target was Zhangsun and Yu. At that time, a man named Li Fengjie () had accused the low level officials Wei Jifang () and Li Chao () of conspiracy, and Emperor Gaozong put Xu and Xin Maojiang in charge of the investigations. Xu used various interrogation tactics, including torture, to cause Zhangsun to be implicated, and Xu, citing the example of Yuwen Huaji, informed Emperor Gaozong that Zhangsun was about to rebel and should be immediately expelled from the capital. Emperor Gaozong, after some hesitation, agreed without once meeting with Zhangsun to get his side of the story, exiling him to Qian Prefecture (, roughly modern southeastern Chongqing). Xu then implicated Chu (who had died earlier, in 658), Han, Lai, and Yu in the alleged plot as well. Chu's posts were posthumously removed, and Han, Lai, and Yu were removed from their posts. Chu's sons Chu Yanfu () and Chu Yanchong () were killed on their way to exile. Several of Zhangsun's relatives were also exiled. Later that year, Xu revised the rankings of various clans, promoting Empress Wu's Wu clan to the highest rank. In fall 659, Emperor Gaozong further ordered Li Ji, Xu, Xing, Ren Yaxiang, and Lu Chengqing to investigate Zhangsun's plot again. Xu, in response, sent Yuan to Qian Prefecture to force Zhangsun to commit suicide. Also apparently at Xu's suggestion, Emperor Gaozong ordered the executions of Han and Empress Wang's maternal uncle, Liu Shi (who had also been exiled).
In 662, Emperor Gaozong made Xu an advisor to the new crown prince as well as de facto chancellor of the first class, while continuing to exercise actual authority over the legislative bureau. Later that year, partially at Xu's instigation, fellow chancellor Xu Yushi was removed from his post, on the account that Xu Yushi had failed to report on his son, Xu Ziran ()'s, causing damage to private property, merely punishing Xu Ziran himself by caning him.
In 664, Emperor Gaozong, angry over Empress Wu's grip on growing power, secretly discussed with the chancellor Shangguan Yi the possibility of deposing her, but the discussions were discovered by Empress Wu, and Emperor Gaozong, in fear, blamed Shangguan for everything. At Empress Wu's instigation, Xu Jingzong submitted an accusation stating that Shangguan, who had previously served on Li Zhong's staff, was conspiring with Li Zhong and the eunuch Wang Fusheng (), who had also previously served on Li Zhong's staff and who had reported to Emperor Gaozong that Empress Wu had engaged in witchcraft. Shangguan, his son Shangguan Tingzhi (), and Wang were executed, while Li Zhong was forced to commit suicide, After that, Empress Wu's power and influence in the all affairs of the empire was more effective and stronger. Over the subsequent years, with Empress Wu in grew more power (Emperor Gaozong was merely a puppet emperor), Xu used his political skills to keep the various competing factions in check.
In 670, at Xu's request, Emperor Gaozong and Empress Wu allowed him to retire. He died in 672 and by order of Empress Wu was buried near Emperor Taizong's tomb.
Criticism of Xu Jingzong and controversy over posthumous name
Traditional historians, both during Xu Jingzong's own times and in posterity, criticized Xu severely. In the aftermath of his death, one of the imperial officials in charge for awarding posthumous names, Yuan Sigu (), suggested giving him the unflattering posthumous name of Miu (, meaning "untrue"), stating that he deserved that posthumous name because he had given a daughter to Feng Ang's son in exchange for a large bride price, and because he had exiled his own son, Xu Ang (), to the modern Guangdong region. (Xu Jingzong, after his wife's death, had married his wife's servant girl Lady Yu as his new wife—considered an improper act in those days due to the differences in social station—not knowing that Xu Ang had been carrying on an affair with Lady Yu, an affair that they continued even after Xu Jingzong married her. When Xu Jingzong discovered this, he divorced Lady Yu and, accusing Xu Ang of a lack of filial piety, exiled him.) Instead, Emperor Gaozong ordered further discussion, and at the suggestion of the minister of ceremonies, Yang Sijing (), Xu was given the posthumous name of Gong (, reverent).
Later historians' criticism of Xu were often on his twisting of history as a historian. They pointed out that he was resentful of Feng Deyi, who was chancellor during the reign of Emperor Gaozu and early in the reign of Emperor Taizong, because Feng had witnessed the coup at Jiangdu and had popularized Xu's disgrace in a couplet that stated: "When Yu Shiji was killed, Yu Shinan kneeled and asked to die in his stead; when Xu Shanxin was killed, Xu Jingzong danced to avoid death." Later, after Feng's death and Xu was in charge of writing history, he wrote a highly critical biography of Feng in order to pay Feng back. Other instances of Xu's twisting of history that were noted included:
After marrying another daughter to the son of the general Qian Jiulong (), again in exchange for a large bride price, he overly exaggerated Qian's contributions to Emperor Gaozu's success, ranking among with much greater contributors Liu Wenjing and Zhangsun Shunde ().
After having his son marry a daughter of Yuchi Baolin (), he inflated the contributions of Yuchi Baolin's father Yuchi Gong and hid Yuchi Gong's faults, including attributing Emperor Taizong's poem Ode to a Powerful Phoenix (), a tribute to Zhangsun Wuji, to be instead a tribute to Yuchi Gong.
The general Pang Xiaotai (), whose contributions in Emperor Gaozong's campaign to conquer Goguryeo (in 668) were minimal, was instead made out to be a major contributor during the campaign, after Pang gave Xu a major amount of treasure.
Generally, it was believed that Xu often altered the historical records of Emperors Gaozu's and Taizong's reigns based on personal likes and dislikes as well. It was, however, noted that Xu was a major contributor to many important imperially-commissioned works.
Notes and references
Old Book of Tang, vol. 82.
New Book of Tang, vol. 223.1.
Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 185, 189, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202.
592 births
672 deaths
7th-century Chinese historians
7th-century geographers
Chancellors under Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Chancellors under Emperor Taizong of Tang
Chinese cartographers
Historians from Shaanxi
Medieval Chinese geographers
Politicians from Xi'an
Scientists from Shaanxi
Sui dynasty government officials
Tang dynasty historians
Writers from Xi'an
7th-century cartographers |
原丝藻属（学名：Tubiella）为罗氏藻科的一个目。此目的模式属为Tubiella elenkinii。
下级分类
Tubiella elenkinii Hollerbach, 1935
参考文献
LPSN - List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
Y
Y |
Tusheti Strict Nature Reserve ( ) is located in the Tusheti Mountainous region in the north-eastern part of Georgia. Visitors center is located in village lower Alvani, Akhmeta Municipality.
The Tusheti Protected Areas includes Tusheti Strict Nature Reserve, Tusheti National Park and Tusheti Protected Landscape with total protected area about 113,660.2 ha.
It is one of the eight new Protected Areas approved by Parliament of Georgia on 22 April 2003.
Flora
Flora of Tusheti region is highly endemic to Caucasus represented by 230 endemic plants which is more than 20% of total amount of endemics found in entire Caucasus region.
This includes Tushetian Monkshood (Aconitum tuscheticum), Iberian barberry (Berberis iberica), bellflower (Campanula), bear nut-tree (Corylus iberica), lily (Pancratium), Tushetian Dog-rose (Rosa tuschetica), Tebulo's buttercup (Ranunculus tebulossicus) Black or Radde's birch (Betula raddeana), Caucasian fritillaries (Fritillaria caucasica), yellow Caucasian fritillaries (Fritillaria lutea), Juliana Primrose (Primula juliae), Georgian Snow Rose (Rhododendron caucasicum), squill (Scilla) to name just a few.
Fauna
Fauna is represented by 60 species of mammals, about 120 species of birds, 4 species of reptiles, 6 species of amphibians and 1 species of fish.
See also
List of protected areas of Georgia
Tusheti National Park
Tusheti Protected Landscape
List of mammals of Georgia (country)
List of birds of Georgia (country)
Caucasus-Anatolian-Hyrcanian temperate forest
References
National parks of Georgia (country)
Protected areas established in 2003
Geography of Kakheti
Tourist attractions in Kakheti |
庫爾特·哈恩（，）是一名德國猶太裔教育家，知名高中薩勒姆王宫中學、高登斯頓學校和聯合世界書院的創辦人，也創立了外展訓練學校。
出生在柏林的猶太人家庭，畢業於柏林法國學校，之後升讀牛津大學基督堂學院修讀哲學、古典學，1906年回國轉入柏林洪堡大學、海德堡大學、佛萊堡大學、哥廷根大學等校，師從威廉·文德尔班、乌尔里希·冯·维拉莫维茨-默伦多夫和埃德蒙德·胡塞爾等名家。第一次世界大戰期間，曾替德國外交部收集英國相關的情報。第二次世界大戰期間，因為批評納粹而被拘留，後在拉姆齊·麥克唐納的壓力之下獲釋，並流亡英國。
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
Knoll, Michael (2011). School reform through experiential therapy: Kurt Hahn - an efficious educator.
Knoll, Michael, ed. (1998). Kurt Hahn: Reform mit Augenmaß. Ausgewählte Schriften eines Politikers und Pädagogen. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Veevers, Nick; Pete, Allison (2011). Kurt Hahn: Inspirational, Visionary, Outdoor and Experiential Educator. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Wilhelm Henze, ed (1991): Bernhard Zimmermann - Hermann Nohl - Kurt Hahn. Ein Beitrag zur Reformpädagogik. 1991.
David Sutcliffe, Kurt Hahn and the United World Colleges with other Founding Figures. 2012.
外部連結
KurtHahn.org
Kurt Hahn Trust
Outward Bound
Outward Bound International
Kurt Hahn - a bibliography
牛津大學基督堂學院校友
柏林洪堡大學校友
海德堡大學校友
弗萊堡大學校友
哥廷根大學校友
德國猶太人
蘇格蘭猶太人
德國教育家
CBE勳銜 |
Shabby Tiger is a British period television drama series which aired in seven parts on ITV in 1973. It is an adaptation of the 1934 novel of the same title by Howard Spring.
Selected cast
John Nolan as Nick Faunt (7 episodes)
Prunella Gee as Anna Fitzgerald (7 episodes)
Sharon Maughan as Rachel Rosing (7 episodes)
Howard Southern as Jacob 'Mo' Rosing (7 episodes)
Alexander Edgar as Brian (7 episodes)
John Sharp as Piggy White (5 episodes)
Rowland Davies as Anton Brune (5 episodes)
Patrick Holt as Sir George Faunt (4 episodes)
Ray Mort as Joe Kepple (4 episodes)
Christine Hargreaves as Olga Kepple (4 episodes)
Sally Grace as Jenny Kepple (2 episodes)
Peter Dudley as Harry (2 episodes)
George Malpas as Mr. Carless (1 episode)
Nigel Havers as Toby Scriven (1 episode)
References
Bibliography
Howard Maxford. Hammer Complete: The Films, the Personnel, the Company. McFarland, 2018.
External links
ITV television dramas
1973 British television series debuts
1973 British television series endings
English-language television shows
Television shows based on British novels |
崔鄯（），貝州武城縣（今河北省衡水市故城縣）人，出自清河崔氏的清河小房，崔陲之子。崔邠、崔郾之弟，崔鄲之兄。
生平
崔鄯年轻时有文采，举进士。唐宪宗元和年间，历任监察御史。唐文宗大和元年（827年）十月，自太子詹事拜左金吾卫大将军。崔鄯兄弟六人，都官至三品。崔邠、崔郾、崔郸三人，知贡举，掌选官。士族声望，为当时之名德。大和九年十一月十八日（835年12月11日），左金吾卫大将军崔鄯无病暴亡，韩约代替崔鄯为左金吾卫大将军。四日后，甘露之变爆发，乱自金吾。当时人称崔鄯之死得其时，崔氏没有被牵连，是积善之报。赠礼部尚书。
子孫
崔琢，字子文
崔仁穎，字處之
崔瑄，字右玉
崔仁遇，字贊堯
崔琛，字真器
崔珮，字聲諫
崔琪，字庭秀
参考文献
《旧唐书》卷155 列传第105
《旧唐书》卷17下 本纪第17下
《新唐书》卷163 列传第88
《新唐书》卷72 宰相世系表
《新唐书》卷179 列传第104
唐朝進士
唐朝监察御史
唐朝太子詹事
唐朝左金吾卫大将军
唐朝追赠礼部尚书
S |
目珠胀痛的治疗和预防方法？避免长时间连续操作电脑,注意中间休息.通常连续操作1小时,休息5～10分钟.休息时可以看远处或做眼保健操.保持良好的工作姿势.采取一个最适当的姿势,使双眼平视或轻度向下注视显示器,这样可使颈部肌肉放松,并使眼球暴露于空气中的面积减至最少.保持适当的工作距离.眼睛和显示器的距离要保持在60厘米以上.创造并保持良好的工作条件.周围环境的光线要柔和,显示器的亮度要适当,清晰度要好,桌椅的高度和电脑的高度要匹配.如果出现眼睛干涩,发红,有灼热或异物感,眼皮沉重,看东西模糊,甚至出现眼球胀痛或头痛,休息后仍无明显好转,就需要到医院看眼科医生了.四是每日小时的睡眠必不可少,使大脑皮层的血液循环得到适时的调节.要多吃新鲜蔬菜,水果及牛奶,鸡蛋,动物肝脏,瘦肉等食物,少食肥甘厚味及辛辣刺激性食品,以补充人体内维生素A和蛋白质.多喝茶,茶叶中的茶多酚等活性物质会有利于吸收与抵抗放射性物质.要保持皮肤清洁.电脑荧光屏表面存在着大量静电,其集聚的灰尘可转射到脸部和手的皮肤裸露处,时间久了,易发生斑疹,色素沉着,严重者甚至会引起皮肤病变等.最后别忘了,使用电脑后,一定要洗手.键盘上面附着着很多细菌和病毒,也会给人带来伤害. |
三相避孕片的副作用（不良反应）？常见的有恶心、呕吐、头痛、乳房痛、经间少量出血；较少见的有抑郁、皮疹及不能耐受隐形眼镜；较严重的不良反应尚有血栓形成、高血压、肝病、黄疸以及过敏反应等。 |
维U颠茄铝镁片的副作用（不良反应）？1.便秘、出汗减少、口鼻咽喉及皮肤干燥、视力模糊、排尿困难(尤其老年人)。2.偶见眼睛痛、眼压升高、过敏性皮疹或疱疹。味觉异常、呼吸变慢以及极度疲乏无力等症状。 |
三叶青的形态特征是什么?？多年生草质攀缘藤本，长3～6m。块根纺缍形、椭圆形至卵圆形，单个或数个相连呈串珠状。茎细弱，具纵棱。卷须与叶对生，有分枝。叶互生，叶柄长2～3cm，掌状复叶，小叶3，小叶柄长3～5mm，小叶片狭椭圆形至狭卵状椭圆形，长3～7cm，宽1.5～3cm，中央小叶较两侧者略大，顶端短渐尖至渐尖，基部渐狭，两侧小叶基偏斜，叶缘具刺状疏齿，两面均无毛，或仅在下面中脉上被毛。聚伞花序腋生，花小，黄绿色；萼齿小，卵形；；花瓣4，卵形，外面顶部有角状突起，花盘明显；雄蕊4，雌蕊1；柱头4裂，星状开展。浆果球形，熟时红色。花期5～8月，果期8～10月。分布于浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、四川等地区。性状鉴别块根呈纺锤形、卵圆形、葫芦形或椭圆形，一般长1.5-6cm，直径0.7-2.5cm。表面棕褐色，多数较光滑，或有皱纹和少数皮孔状的小瘤状隆起，有时还有凹陷，其内残留棕褐色细根。质硬而脆，断面平坦而粗糙，类白色，粉性，可见棕色形成层环。气无，味甘。显微鉴别块根横切面：木栓层薄，细胞常4-5层。皮层散有直径96-123m的粘液细胞，细胞内有长57-65m的针晶束，部分皮层细胞含棕色物。韧皮部细胞较小，排列紧密。形成层成环。木质部导管稀少，常数个相聚，径向排列，周围常有木纤维，射线宽阔，也散有含外晶束的粘液细胞。本品基本薄壁细胞多充满淀粉粒。 |
Jeffersonville Township is one of twelve townships in Clark County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 59,062 and it contained 27,023 housing units.
History
Jeffersonville Township was organized in 1817.
Government
Jeffersonville Township is governed by the Jeffersonville Township Trustee's office. The current Jeffersonville Trustee is Dale Popp. The Trustee works with a three-person Trustee Advisory Board that consist of Phil Ellis, Brandy Brewer, and Shirley Bell.
Geography
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of , of which (or 98.85%) is land and (or 1.15%) is water. Brick House Pond and Silver Lakes are in this township.
Cities and towns
Clarksville (east three-quarters)
Jeffersonville (west three-quarters)
Oak Park (west three-quarters)
Unincorporated towns
Arctic Springs
Blackiston Village
Cementville
Port Fulton
(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)
Adjacent townships
Silver Creek Township (north)
Utica Township (northeast)
New Albany Township, Floyd County (west)
Major highways
Interstate 65
Interstate 265
U.S. Route 31
State Road 3
State Road 60
State Road 131
Cemeteries
The township contains several cemeteries: Applegate, Civil War, Eastern (aka Chestnut Grove Cemetery), Espy, Gilmore, Grayson, Hale McBride Family, Lacassagne/Moore, McBride, McClintick, Old City, Mulberry Street and Chestnut/Market Street, St. Anthony's, Stewart, and Walnut Ridge.
References
United States Census Bureau cartographic boundary files
External links
Indiana Township Association
United Township Association of Indiana
Townships in Clark County, Indiana
Clarksville, Indiana
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Townships in Indiana |
颈部勒伤的并发症？存活伤员可合并健忘症或者植物状态(植物人)。甲状环状软骨和舌骨均可发生骨折。 |
aka Female Bodies in a Brutal Scenario is a 1967 Japanese pink film directed by Masanao Sakao. It is significant for being future "S&M Queen" Naomi Tani's first starring role in a film dealing primarily with S&M.
Synopsis
Yōko is a young woman who is forced into prostitution by a yakuza gang. She repeatedly escapes from the gang, and is repeatedly captured, and repeatedly tortured at length.
Cast
Naomi Tani as Yōko
Sachiko Inoue
Miki Hayashi as Harue
Jōji Nagaoka as Asada
Akio Shirakawa as Akagawa
Sanpei Nawa as Aoki
Hiroko Fuji
Background
Director Masanao Sakao filmed Cruel Map of Women's Bodies for Ōkura Eiga and it was released theatrically in Japan by that studio on October 28, 1967. Sakao made several films about prostitutes throughout his career. In Virgins With Bad Reputations (1967), he directed Naomi Tani again, as a former prostitute trying to escape her past. Sakao found his greatest success at Nihon Cinema studio with Virgins and Pimp (1968).
Actress Naomi Tani, who would become known as the "Queen" of S&M film had her first experience with cinematic S&M theme in director Kin'ya Ogawa's Memoirs Of A Modern Female Doctor (also 1967). However, Cruel Map of Women's Bodies was her first film which fully explored S&M as its central theme.
Bibliography
English
Japanese
Notes
1967 films
1960s Japanese-language films
OP Eiga films
Pink films
1960s Japanese films |
John King guided Tranmere Rovers F.C to Leyland DAF Cup victory in 1989–90. Tranmere moved to the top of the Third Division after winning seven of their opening nine games, including a 6–0 victory over Bristol City. They also took Tottenham Hotspur to a Littlewoods Cup fourth round replay. Following a poor spell, they revived their promotion prospects with nine straight wins. Tranmere finished in fourth place, but lost 2–0 to Notts County in the play-off final. They defeated Rochdale 1–0, Scunthorpe United 2–1, Chester City 3–0, Bolton Wanderers 2–1 and Doncaster Rovers 3–1 in the Leyland DAF Cup before beating Bristol Rovers 2–1 in the final at Wembley Stadium.
Final league table
References
Tranmere Rovers F.C. seasons
Tranmere Rovers |
双侧睾丸微石什么情况？双侧睾丸微石症指的是睾丸鞘膜腔内有小的结石形成。睾丸鞘膜内存在一定量的积液，对睾丸有着滋养、保护的作用，鞘膜内积液的产生与吸收处于动态平衡，当鞘膜积液吸收慢于产生时，鞘膜积液逐渐增多，其内钙盐沉积，形成微结石，多见于睾丸的慢性炎症、睾丸外伤后或睾丸增生病变早期。处理方法应尽早行鞘膜翻转术或睾丸探查、切除术。睾丸微石症是弥散分布于睾丸曲精小管内、直径<3mm的众多钙化灶形成的综合征。睾丸微石症一般不需要治疗.因为睾丸微石症者发生原发性睾丸肿瘤的风险高,所以要定期超声复查.一般睾丸微石症每6-12个月进行一次超声检查为宜，睾丸微石症一般不需要治疗。因为睾丸微石症者发生原发性睾丸肿瘤的风险高。睾丸微石症是少见的睾丸疾病,一般在阴囊的超声检查中偶然发现.常伴有其他各种临床表现,包括隐睾,先天性睾丸发育不全综合症,男性假两性畸不育症和肺泡微石症,中枢神经系统微石症等.曾有报道认为睾丸微石症与备丸肿瘤,精索静脉曲张,附睾炎,睾丸创伤,睾丸扭转和原发性睾丸肿瘤等有关.睾丸微石症在正常人群中的发病率尚未见报道,在儿童尸体检查中检出率为0.5%.因为睾丸微石症者发生原发性睾丸肿瘤的风险高,所以要教育患儿学会自检和定期超声复查.超声随访间期没有明确定论。睾丸或者附睾丸慢性炎症日久未治或治疗不当都有可能形成这种病变!如果有人说是癌症的早期病变，那就是一定在忽悠大家了，没有不适症状也没有再生育要求者可以不做任何治疗!如果有不适症状或者需要提高精子质量等，则可中医中药治疗好。 |
Twomile Creek is a long 1st order tributary to the Uwharrie River in Randolph County, North Carolina.
Course
Twomile Creek rises on the Twomile Branch divide about 1.5 miles southeast of Martha, North Carolina. Twomile Creek then flows southeasterly to join the Uwharrie River about 3 miles southeast of Martha.
Watershed
Twomile Creek drains of area, receives about 46.9 in/year of precipitation, has a wetness index of 384.58 and is about 49% forested.
See also
List of rivers of North Carolina
References
Rivers of North Carolina
Rivers of Randolph County, North Carolina |
健脑胶囊成分或处方？人参、麦冬、五味子(醋发)、制首乌、熟地黄、远志(制)、石菖蒲(去毛)、茯苓、珍珠粉等 |
蘇國慶，閩南裔台灣人，客家大戲演員、藝術家。為榮興客家採茶劇團主要演員，慶美園亂彈劇團擔任演員，國立台灣戲曲學院客家戲學系小生組、台北藝術大學傳音系客家唱腔 兼任教師。
生平
1999年考入台灣戲曲專科學校就讀國小五年級，成為戲曲學院客家戲第一期的學生。12歲開始參加榮興「客家戲曲表演人才培訓」計畫，客家戲曲生涯已達20餘年。2012年畢業於國立台灣戲曲學院客家戲學系獲得學士學位。2021年畢業於佛光大學文化資產與創意學系碩士班獲得文學碩士學位。為榮興客家採茶劇團及慶美園亂彈劇團為生行主要演員，並且在國立台灣戲曲學院客家戲學系及台北藝術大學傳統音樂學系擔任兼任教師。曾多次參與國家戲劇院的演出和客家電視台的戲曲錄製，及參與大戲劇本修編。
主演的客家大戲劇目有-
《楊家心臼 》楊宗保、《背叛 》二王子、《三山國王傳奇 》楊堅、《潛園風月 》林占梅、《六國封相-蘇秦 》蘇秦、《膨風美人 》鄧榮光、《駝背漢與花姑娘 》次郎、《戲夢情緣》段紹文、《地獄變 》吳道子、《一夜新娘一世妻 》邱信、《中元的構圖 》阿木、《天上人間桃花源 》牛郎星、《少年英雄 》姜紹祖等；錄製的客家電視台優秀客家劇目包括《美郎君》、《春江》、《雌雄鞭》、《貂蟬》、《白娘子》、《巧計勸夫郎》、《何明勳過臺灣》等。2020年，於潘玉嬌老師亂彈戲傳習藝生結業，主演亂彈戲《黃鶴樓》周瑜、《鬧西河》高風豹、《斬影》楊戩、《秦瓊破五關》秦瓊等。
2017年，憑藉榮興客家採茶劇團年度大戲《六國封相-蘇秦》裡飾演的蘇秦（小生）一角入圍文化部「第28屆傳藝金曲獎」最佳個人表演新秀獎。
2020年，憑藉榮興客家採茶劇團年度大戲《地獄變》裡飾演的吳道子（老生）一角榮獲文化部「第31屆傳藝金曲獎」最佳個人表演新秀獎。
参考文献
在世人物
閩南裔臺灣人
金曲獎傳統暨藝術音樂類獲獎者
台灣戲曲演員
國立臺灣戲曲學院校友
國立臺灣戲曲學院教授
佛光大學校友
苏姓 |
金芪降糖颗粒的用法用量？注意：不同企业生产的同种药品可由于包装规格的不同有不同的用药量。本文用法用量只供参考。如果不确定，请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。饭前半小时口服。一次6～8粒，一日3次，疗程二个月或遵医嘱。 |
7075 是一種鋁合金，以鋅做為合金元素。具有良好的疲勞強度以及好的加工性，但是不可焊接。跟其他合金比起來，其對抵抗腐蝕的能力也較弱。
常見的型號有： 7075-0、7075-T6、7075-T651。
基本性質
7075的密度為2.81 克/毫升 (0.102 磅/立方吋)，楊氏模數 71.7 GPa，抗拉強度 572 MPa，蒲松比 0.33
7075 鋁基底以外的金屬添加百分比:
鋅 Zn：5.1-6.1 %
鎂 Mg：2.1-2.9 %
銅 Cu：1.2-2.0 %
矽 Si：0.40 %
鐵 Fe: 0.50 %
鉻 Cr：0.18-0.28 %
錳 Mn：0.30 %
鈦 Ti：0.20 %
7075主要用途
航空固定装置，卡车，塔式建筑，船，管道及其他需要有强度、可焊性和抗腐蚀性能的建筑上的应用的领域。如：飞机零部件、齿轮和轴、熔丝零件、仪表轴和齿轮、导弹零件跳进阀零件、涡轮、钥匙、飞机、航空及国防应用。
7075对应牌号
国标：7075 GB/T3190--1996
日标：A7075 JIS H4000-1999 JIS H4080-1999
非标：76528 IS 733-2001 IS737-2001
俄标：B95/1950 rocT 4785-1974
EN:EN AW-7075/AlZn5.5MgCu EN573-3-1994
德标:AlZnMgCu1.5/3.4365 DIN172.1-1986/w-nr
法标：7075（A-Z5GU) NFA50-411 NFA50-451
英标：7075（C77S） BS 1470-1988
美标：7075/A97075 AA/UNS
機械性質
7075的機械性質在很大程度上取決於回火的材料。
7075-0
7075-0，抗拉強度40,000 psi (276 MPa)，降伏強度21,000 psi (145 MPa)，伸長率9-10%。
7075-T6
7075-T6，抗拉強度74,000－78,000 psi (510－538 MPa)，降伏強度63,000－69,000 psi (434－476 MPa)，伸長率5-8%,E=72GPa, v=0.33。
7075-T731
7075-T651，抗拉強度 67,000－78,000 psi (462－538 MPa)，降伏強度54,000－67,000 psi (372－462 MPa)，伸長率3-9%。
應用
7075廣泛用於飛機結構上，像是機翼和機身。7075強度高、重量輕的特性也應用在其他領域， 攀岩設備及自行車零件普遍用了7075鋁合金，自行車產業使用7075和6061鋁合金。
參見
鋁合金
鋁
註解
鋁合金 |
克里奥拉（）是美国路易斯安那州下属的一座村镇。根据2010年美国人口普查，该市有人口213人。建置上，属于“village”。
参考资料
路易斯安那州城市 |
Philip Street (born 1959) is a Canadian cartoonist and animator who lives in Toronto. He lived in Blyth, Ontario during his childhood and studied English at St. Michael's College in Toronto, as well as classical animation at Sheridan College. He lived in Kingston, Ontario, before moving to Toronto.
From 1990 to 1997 he was art director of Compass, and subsequently became the founding art director of Voices Across Boundaries.
He drew the comic strip Fisher, which appeared daily in The Globe and Mail until 8 September 2012. An earlier strip, Rip Trousers, ran in the Kingston Whig-Standard in 1993 and 1994.
Since 1998 he has also been a graphic designer at the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, where he has worked on Sesame Park, CBC Kids and The Nature of Things. He has also directed 76 episodes of Peter Puck for Hockey Night in Canada.
References
External links
Compass
Voices Across Boundaries
"Northrop Frye as Yoda taken from a cartoon in University of Toronto's The Newspaper" by Philip Street. Victoria University Library, Digital Collections.
"Fisher Comics"
1959 births
Living people
Canadian comic strip cartoonists
Canadian people of English descent
People from Huron County, Ontario
People from Kingston, Ontario
Artists from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Date of birth missing (living people) |
太平洋电信可以指：
澳大利亚电信在中国大陆设立的合资公司
台湾大哥大的曾用名称 |
Tulip Time: The Rise and Fall of the Trio Lescano (2008) is a documentary film about the Italian close harmony group Trio Lescano, their rise, downfall, and eventual arrest by Italian fascists. After a farewell radio broadcast on September 1, 1945, the trio moved to South America to resume their career.
The film had its U.S. premiere at the San Francisco Jewish Film Festival on July 30, 2008. The film was produced by the Netherlands film production company Memphis Film.
External links
Review of the film at SFJFF website
Memphis Film website
2008 films
Jews and Judaism in Italy
Documentary films about World War II
Dutch documentary films
2008 documentary films |
Mexico City Metro Line 4 is the fourth line of Mexico City Metro. The line color is aqua blue and it runs from north to south of the city crossing the city center by its easternmost area. In 2019 it had a total ridership of 29,013,032 passengers, making it the least used line on the system.
General information
It was built above the former Inguarán Avenue (now Congreso de la Unión) in viaduct solution, this makes it the only line without an underground section. With only ten stations, its short length is countervailed with its high connectivity, having transfer with other metro lines in six stations: Line 6 at Martín Carrera, Line 5 at Consulado, Line B at Morelos, Line 1 at Candelaria, Line 9 at Jamaica and Line 8 at Santa Anita. However, it is also the line with the fewest passengers in the entire system, having only 29,013,032 passengers throughout 2019.
The line is also characterized by its above-ground architecture, having all of its station facilities elevated or in massive buildings present in both sides of the street. A side effect of this is having long passageways with connecting lines, generally unused or empty sections in stations, closed passageways and other features, all due to its low ridership. Also, trains in Line 4 have been shortened from its original configuration of nine cars to only six.
History
The first stretch of Line 4 was inaugurated on 29 August 1981, from Martín Carrera station to Candelaria station. Line 4 was the first line to feature an elevated section, built over Avenida H. Congreso de la Unión. Lines 9, B and 12 would later also have elevated sections. The total cost of Line 4's first stage was 6,900 million pesos.
The second stage of the line was opened for service on 26 May 1982, with four new stations, going from Candelaria to Santa Anita.
Upon completion of the line, it had only two transfer stations: Candelaria with Line 1 and Consulado with Line 5. Transfer to Line 6 at Martín Carrera would open in 1986, to Line 9 at Jamaica in 1987, to Line 8 at Santa Anita in 1995 and to Line B at Morelos in 1999.
There were two plans to expand the line. In 1985, according to a plan presented by the Comisión de Vialidad y Transporte Urbano (COVITUR), Line 4 was projected to be expanded southbound from Santa Anita towards Culhuacán, the stretch would have a length of and seven new stations. Such plan never materialized.
In 1996, the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo (STC) on its master plan for Mexico City Metro considered building an expansion for Line 4; this time, it would be expanded northbound from Martín Carrera to Ecatepec in the State of Mexico. This new section would have six new stations and a length of . As with the 1985 plan, this extension was never built.
In 2018, the STC again presented a plan projected to 2030. In this document, there is an extension planned for Line 4 that would expand the line northward from Martín Carrera towards Tepexpan and southward from Santa Anita to the southern part of the Periférico. Thirty-one more stations would be built according to the plan: ten southbound and 21 northbound, adding a total of to Line 4.
Chronology
29 August 1981: from Martín Carrera to Candelaria
26 May 1982: from Candelaria to Santa Anita
Rolling stock
Line 4 has had different types of rolling stock throughout the years.
Alstom MP-68: 1981–1985
Concarril NM-73: 1981–present
Concarril NM-79: 1981
Out of the 390 trains in the Mexico City Metro network, 12 are in service in Line 4, this is the fewest trains per line in the entire system.
Station list
The stations from north to south:
{| class="wikitable" rules="all"
|-
!rowspan="2" | No.
!rowspan="2" | Station
!rowspan="2" | Date opened
!rowspan="2" | Level
!colspan="2" | Distance (km)
!rowspan="2" | Connection
!rowspan="2" | Location
|-
!style="font-size: 65%;"|Betweenstations
!style="font-size: 65%;"|Total
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|01
|Martín Carrera
| rowspan="7" |August 29, 1981
|Ground-level, underground access.
|style="text-align:right;"|-
|style="text-align:right;"|0.0
|
Line 6
Martín Carrera
Line 6: Martín Carrera station
Routes: 33, 37
Line 5: Martín Carrera stop
Route: 5-A
|rowspan="4"|Gustavo A. Madero
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|02
|Talismán
| rowspan="5" |Elevated, overground access
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|style="text-align:right;"|1.3
|
Line 5: Talismán (at distance)
Route: 37
Routes: 5-A (at distance), 15-C
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|03
|Bondojito
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
|style="text-align:right;"|2.4
|
Routes: 11-A, 12, 37
Line 4: Av. Congreso de la Unión stop (east-west route; at distance)
Routes: 5-A, 7-D (at distance)
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|04
|Consulado
|style="text-align:right;"|0.8
|style="text-align:right;"|3.2
|
Line 5
Line 5: Río Consulado station (at distance)
Routes: 37, 200 (at distance)
Route: 5-A
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|05
|Canal del Norte
|style="text-align:right;"|1.0
|style="text-align:right;"|4.2
|
Line 5: Canal del Norte station (at distance)
Route: 37 Routes: 5-A, 10-D (at distance), 10-E (at distance)
|rowspan="5"|Venustiano Carranza
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|06
|Morelos
|style="text-align:right;"|1.1
|style="text-align:right;"|5.3
|
Line B
Line 4: Morelos station (at distance)
Routes: 18, 37
Routes: 5-A, 10-E
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|07
|Candelaria-Palacio Legislativo
|Ground-level, underground access
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|6.4
|
Line 1 (out of service)
Line 4: Cecilio Robelo station (at distance)
Route: 37 (also temporary Line1 service)
Route: 5-A
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|08
|Fray Servando
| rowspan="3" |May 26, 1982
| rowspan="2" |Elevated, overground access
|style="text-align:right;"|0.8
|style="text-align:right;"|7.3
|
Line 4: Cecilio Robelo station (at distance)
Route: 37
Routes: 5-A, 19-E, 19-F, 19-G, 19-H
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|09
|Jamaica
|style="text-align:right;"|1.2
|style="text-align:right;"|8.4
|
Line 9
Line 2: Jamaica stop
Line 2: Congreso de la Unión stop (at distance)
Route: 37
Routes: 5-A, 9-C (at distance), 9-E (at distance), 14-A (at distance)
|-
|style="background: #; color: white;"|10
|Santa Anita
|Elevated, underground access
|style="text-align:right;"|0.9
|style="text-align:right;"|9.3
|
<li> Line 8
<li> Santa Anita (unused)
<li> Line 2: La Viga station (at distance)
Route: 37
Routes: 5-A, 14-A
|Iztacalco
|}
Ridership
The following table shows each of Line 4's stations' total and average daily ridership during 2019.
See also
List of Mexico City Metro lines
Notes
References
1981 establishments in Mexico
4
Railway lines opened in 1981 |
成人自免性脑炎严重吗？多数自身免疫性脑炎的发病机制与抗神经抗体相关，抗神经抗体包括抗神经元表面蛋白抗体与抗神经元细胞内蛋白抗体，前者一般属于致病性抗体，通过体液免疫机制导致可逆性神经元细胞表面蛋白或受体减少。根据不同的抗神经元抗体和相应的临床综合征，分为抗脑炎、抗体相关的边缘性脑炎、其他自身免疫性脑炎综合征三种主要类型。成人自免性脑炎主要症状包括精神行为异常、认知障碍、近事记忆力下降、癫痫发作、言语障碍、运动障碍、不自主运动、意识水平下降与昏迷、自主神经功能障碍等。临床一般呈急性或亚急性起病，迅速进展出现多种症状。部分患者以单一的神经或精神症状起病，并在起病数周甚至数月之后才进展出现其他症状。不自主运动在抗NMDAR脑炎中比较常见，表现为面部的不自主运动、肢体震颤、舞蹈样动作，甚至角弓反张。自主神经功能障碍包括窦性心动过速、泌涎增多、窦性心动过缓、低血压、中枢性发热、体温过低和中枢性低通气等。成人自免性脑炎也是一种疑难病。认为是由于免疫反应引起的脑部无菌性炎症，会出现的低烧，头晕，头痛，精神不抠，恶心呕吐，严重影响了正常的生活。自身免疫性脑炎属于特殊类型的脑炎，与病毒和细菌感染没有关系，与自身免疫系统紊乱关系密切。自身免疫性脑炎中最为常见的是抗NMDAR脑炎，其严重性在于可以导致患者记忆力下降、认知障碍，甚至导致严重的癫痫。建议患者及时配合医生的治疗，多饮些水，放松心情，配合治疗，减少疾病的后遗症。 |
儿童忧郁症是什么症状？抑郁症(depression)是由各种原因引起的以抑郁为主要症状的一组心境障碍(mooddisorders)或情感性障碍(affectivedisorders)，是一组以抑郁心境自我体验为中心的临床症状群或状态。儿童抑郁症的诱因有以下几种认定：1.失去父母的关爱。一些大的家庭动荡会给孩子纤弱的心灵蒙上阴影。2.受蔑视和抛弃，心理长期自卑，抑郁成疾。3.家族中有抑郁症病人，遗传因素导致发病。家庭环境是儿童青少年心理问题发生的重要因素。儿童抑郁症的表现有：1、情绪上的改变：孩子突然变得情绪低落、沉默少语、有时无故哭泣、易忘事、喜独处、经常自责.对平常喜欢的活动也不再有兴趣。严重者可有自伤及自杀冲动。2、行为上的改变：行为与过去判若两人.过去很听话的孩子忽然变得好顶嘴、不听话、表现易激愤和冲动.厌学、注意力不集中、学习成绩下降.与同学的关系逐渐疏远。3、躯体上的改变：孩子在躯体方面可表现出食欲减退、睡眠障碍，体重下降，头痛，胸闷，腹痛，乏力。中国儿童青少年心理卫生中心的最新研究报告指出，患者的症状归纳起来主要有六种表现：第一，无由发愁，就是面对达到的目标、实现的理想、一帆风顺的坦途，患者并无喜悦之情，反而感到忧伤和痛苦。第二，不病似病。患者一般年龄较小，不会表述情感问题，只说身体上的某些不适。如有的孩子经常用手支着头，说头痛头昏;有的用手捂着胸，说呼吸困难;有的说嗓子里好像有东西，影响吞咽。第三，不良暗示。主要表现在两个方面：一是潜意识层的，会导致生理障碍。另一种是意识层的，专往负面去猜测。第四，不满环境。认为环境不尽如人意，反复要求改变。第五，反抗父母。患者在童年时对父母的管教言听计从，到了青春期或走上社会后，不但不跟父母沟通交流，反而处处与父母闹对立。 |
青少年骨癌的早期症状？青少年时期的孩子年轻气盛，很容易发生打架斗殴，可能导致不同程度骨折，若长期发生或每次发生时没得到及时治疗，很影响青少年骨骼的正常生长和健康发育。青少年骨癌的发病率远远大于成年人，如果夜间四肢疼痛难忍，下肢明显畸形就要警惕骨癌找上门。青少年骨癌的早期症状？少年四肢疼痛就是骨癌最为明显的症状。一般在开始时较轻，并往往呈间歇性，随症病情的进展，疼痛可逐渐加重增剧，且由间歇性发展为持续性。多数在夜间疼痛加剧以致影响睡眠。其疼痛可限于局部，也可以向远处放射。因肿瘤影响肢体骨骼的发育及坚固性而合并畸形，以下肢为明显，如髋内翻，膝外翻及膝内翻。骨折肿瘤部位只要有轻微外力就易引起骨折，骨折部位肿胀疼痛剧烈，脊椎病理性骨折常合并截瘫。肿胀或肿块一般在疼痛发生了一定的时间后才会出现，位于骨膜下或表浅的肿瘤出现较早些，可触及骨膨胀变形。如肿瘤穿破到骨外，可产生大小不等，固定的软组织肿块，表面光滑或者凹凸不平，并常于短期内形成较大的肿块。压迫症状向颅腔和鼻腔内生长的肿瘤，可压迫脑组织和鼻险，出现颅脑受压和呼吸不畅的症状;盆腔肿瘤可压迫直肠与膀胱，产生排便及排尿困难;脊椎肿瘤可压迫脊髓而产生瘫痪。功能障碍骨肿瘤后期，因疼痛肿胀而患部功能将受到障碍，发展迅速则功能障碍症状更为明显，可伴有相应部位肌肉萎缩。X射线检查是诊断骨癌的重要手段,检查的结果是诊断的重要依据。CT与核磁共振检查可较早发现癌变的组织,其准确率较高。病理组织检查被认为是准确率较高的诊断方法。如果检查的部位不当,可能造成错误的诊断,所以病理组织检查必须结合临床或x射线检查。常用取材及检查方法有针吸活检、切开活检、冰冻切片、石蜡切片等。骨髓穿刺检查后可见癌细胞,其数量超过5%～10%,当数量超过20%时,并见异型浆细胞,浆细胞呈小团状。骨肉瘤、成骨性转移瘤会形成大量新生骨,故碱性磷酸酶数值增高。 |
I Castelli dell'Emilia is a 1951 Italian documentary film.
Cast
External links
1951 films
1950s Italian-language films
Italian documentary films
1951 documentary films
Italian black-and-white films
1950s Italian films |
日野町（）是位於日本滋賀縣南部的行政區劃。轄區東側屬於鈴鹿山脈，北部及南部為丘陵地，主要市區位於中部及其支流出雲川之間的平原。
人口
历史
過去在令制國時代屬於近江國蒲生郡；11世紀後，有一支藤原秀鄉的子孫以此為據點開始發展成為，並在此建立，本地也因此發展為日野城的城下町。
16世紀戰國時代末期，蒲生氏鄉在1584年被移封至伊勢國後，日野城曾先後由田中吉政、長束正家入主，但日野城最後在1600後遭到廢除。
1620年受封此地後，在原日野城的位置建立，也因此所建立的藩被稱為，直到江戶時代結束此地都是由所治理。
現在的日野町轄區在江戶時代末期，除了屬於仁正寺藩外，也有部分區域分屬、仙台藩、、尾張藩、淀藩、、、，而此地的幕府直屬領及旗本領則是由位於滋賀郡大津的負責管理。
19世紀末明治維新後，原先的幕府直屬領及旗本領先後改隸屬大津裁判所及大津縣，其他原本屬於各藩的區域則在1871年實施廢藩置縣後，改隸屬西大路縣、川越縣、水口縣、名古屋縣、淀縣、宮津縣、山上縣、前橋縣；不過在僅四個月之後的府縣整併中，郡內全數區域都被併入大津縣，而大津縣又在一個月後更名為滋賀縣。
1889年，日本實施町村制，設立了最初的日野町，不過當時的日野町轄區僅包括現在日野町中部的主要市區，現在的日野町轄區在當時還包括位於東部的、位於南部的和、位於西部的、位於北部的，其中北部的櫻谷村在1894年又被拆分為和；1955年這七個行政區劃整併為現在的日野村。
變遷表
行政
歴任首長
交通
近江鐵道本線從轄區西部通過，並設有日野車站及朝日野站，在日野車站可再經由近江町到經營的客運路線或是町營的轉往町內各地。
轄內主要的公路為東西向的和南北向的，除了穿過町內主要的聚落外，也可以接往相鄰的行政區劃，包括穿過鈴鹿山脈前往四日市市。
在轄區西側與東近江市的交接處，過去在1988年曾通過規劃興建，但在經歷十年的準備後，始終無法解決土地徵收的問題，因此在2000年凍結了機場的計劃，2013年正式取消計畫。
鐵路
近江鐵道
本線：（←東近江市） - 朝日野車站 - 日野車站 - （甲賀市）
觀光資源
位於市區東側的為由所經營的農業公園，以中世紀的德國為背景，讓遊客可以接觸和體驗酪農環境的主題公園。
教育
町內唯一的高中的學科為綜合學科，學生在高二以後可以從商業系列、多媒體系列、福祉健康系列、綜合教養系列的課程選擇修課項目；此外摔跤部為校內較活躍的學生社團，因此有不少摔角選手的校友。
姊妹、友好城市
海外
恩布達斯阿爾特斯（巴西圣保罗州）
兩地於1984締結為姊妹都市。
（韓國忠清南道扶餘郡）
兩地於1990締結為姊妹都市。
艾施河畔诺伊施塔特（德國巴伐利亚州）
兩地於1997締結為姊妹都市。
參考資料
相關條目
日野町
外部連結
日野觀光協會 |
Africa's Richest Kings is a ranking of Africa's wealthiest monarchs, compiled and published by the American business magazine, Forbes, in March 2014. The total net worth of each individual on the list is estimated, in United States dollars, based on their assets and accounting for debt. Politicians and dictators whose wealth comes from their positions are excluded from this list, as the term king is deemed by the evaluators to refer to either sovereign or constituent monarchs who reign due to monarchical tradition.
As of March 2014, King Mohammed VI of Morocco topped the list with US$2 billion, while Nigerian oil magnate King Fredrick Obateru Akinruntan, the Olugbo of the Ugbo Kingdom, came second on the list with $300 million. He surpassed fellow Nigerian King Okunade Sijuwade, Olubuse II, the Ooni of Ife, worth at least $75 million and the Ngwenyama of Eswatini, King Mswati III, who was himself worth at least $50 million. Rounding out the top five was the Ghanaian King Osei Tutu II, Asantehene of the Ashanti, with $10 million.
In the time since the period of evaluation, King Okunade Sijuwade, Olubuse II has died. He was succeeded as the Ooni by King Ojaja II, a distant relative, although the personal wealth that was evaluated went to his lineal heirs in the Sijuwade family.
References
Lists of 21st-century people
Forbes lists
Lists of people by wealth |
手术让阴茎变大效果怎么样？每个人都想拥有一个又大又粗的命根子，能满足绝大多数女性的对性生活的需求。这似乎也是每个男人都想得到的。对于阴茎短小的人更是如此。可能很多人也都听说过阴茎延长手术，它是通过植入一种物质来使那些阴茎短小的人在短时间内让阴茎变粗变大。也是最科学最有效的办法。正常成人的阴茎在疲软状态下有7-9厘米，勃起以后大概就是11-15厘米，如果疲软状态下小于5厘米，而且勃起时小于10厘米，才能叫阴茎短小。阴茎不能二次发育，药物没有增大阴茎的功效，目前对于阴茎短小唯一安全有效的方法就是手术治疗，建议你到正规医院进行手术有安全保障。1、阴茎增大手术其实原理很简单，就拿阴茎短小的人群来说，手术通过植入和我们阴茎相似的海绵体还达到增加阴茎长度的效果。这种手术的技术目前已经比较成熟了，不会有太大的风险，而且这种手术已经很普遍了。2、除了上面说的阴茎短小的情况，其实也有一部分需要做阴茎改造手术。比如阴茎畸形的人群。这类人群阴茎由于畸形并不能像正常人那样性交，所以得靠手术帮助矫正后才能像正常人那样拥有正常的性生活吗。3、另外，根据对女性的调查发现，很多女性也并不是盲目的喜欢又大又粗的阴茎，大多数女性表示男性阴茎大的话会顶到子宫，会影响亲热时一些舒服的感受。所以那些盲目想要变大变粗的男性最好考虑清楚后再做决定。注意事项：上面我们也说到了阴茎增大手术适合的人群，有研究调查表明亚洲男性阴茎勃起后不短于9公分的话就不属于阴茎短小的范围，所以，那些羡慕别人阴茎粗大的朋友也不要盲目的去想要通过手术改善。 |
《阿三哥與大嬸婆》，為台灣漫畫家劉興欽的一系列漫畫作品，名稱來自作品中的兩位主要角色。
概要
最初為劉興欽在「新朋友」雜誌上刊登一篇以一名熱情、好管閒事的鄉村婦人為主角的作品《大嬸婆》而受到讀者們的喜愛。之後在「模範少年」雜誌連載時，再追加一名青年角色「阿三哥」作為大嬸婆的搭擋，而成為劉興欽個人最具代表作的漫畫系列之一。
劉興欽於1991年移民美國舊金山後，曾在《北美世界日報》繪製《大嬸婆在美國》，描述大嬸婆在美國生活時，因文化差異而擦撞出的趣事。
系列作的主要人物在1999年時，由新竹縣內灣商圈發展協會在獲得劉興欽同意後，作為劉興欽故鄉橫山鄉豐鄉村的觀光形象人物。
角色
大嬸婆
大嬸婆是個身材微胖、喜愛吃喝，家住在內灣大山背一帶的婦人。性格上熱心衝動、但也常因魯莽行動而遭殃。
角色範本來自作者劉興欽的母親「嚴六妹」，嚴六妹的性情與漫畫中大嬸婆相同，都是熱心性急、直爽、有話直言的人物。
阿三哥
外型為頭戴一頂瓜皮小帽、憨厚的年輕人，多與大嬸婆一同行動經歷各種形形色色的趣事，也常擔任大嬸婆的出氣包。
阿三哥為作者劉興欽將自身最傻氣的一面為要素所塑造的角色，而劉興欽與他母親之間的互動經歷、也成為阿三哥與大嬸婆之間劇情的靈感來源。
系列作品
大嬸婆
阿三哥從軍記
阿三哥行善記
阿三哥‧大嬸婆遊台北
來到台北找工作的大嬸婆巧遇同樣目的而前來此地的阿三哥。之後大嬸婆打臨時工時、獲得一名小孩送的玩具鈔票卻誤認為是真錢，便打算拿著玩具鈔票和阿三哥徹底一遊台北。
阿三哥‧大嬸婆遊寶島
在上一作品《阿三哥‧大嬸婆遊台北》結束後，大嬸婆便打算想邊作生意掙錢邊旅行台灣一圈，便從台北南下以鶯歌為出發點，與阿三哥展開了另一段新行程。
阿三哥‧大嬸婆找工作
結束了環繞台灣一圈的旅行後，阿三哥與大嬸婆打算找份較正式的職務便前往了工作介紹所。而大嬸婆先是因見過世面不多而鬧出不少狀況、之後阿三哥也在陰錯陽差情況下與一名女性有了一段邂逅‧‧。
大嬸婆作媒
大嬸婆在擔任回收破舊的工作時意外將一名漫畫家的草稿全拿去賣錢，而大嬸婆為了賠罪不是、答應替那名漫畫家介紹一名女性友人。
電視動畫
见《大嬸婆與小聰明》主页
相關條目
劉興欽漫畫暨發明展覽館
外部連結
劉興欽漫畫館
和利得多媒體的《大嬸婆與小聰明》
參考資料
臺灣漫畫作品
虚构二人组
劉興欽
臺灣動漫角色
臺灣動畫 |
Tamer Tuna (born 1 July 1976) is a Turkish football coach and a former player.
Career
Honours
Player honours
Beşiktaş
Süper Lig (1): 2002–03
Managerial honours
Dardanelspor
TFF Third League Play-off winner (1): 2012–13
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1976 births
People from Hanak
Living people
Turkish men's footballers
Turkey men's international footballers
Denizlispor footballers
Çanakkale Dardanelspor footballers
Trabzonspor footballers
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
Bursaspor footballers
FC Akhmat Grozny players
Russian Premier League players
Turkish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Russia
Samsunspor footballers
Turanspor footballers
Gaziantepspor footballers
İstanbulspor footballers
Turkish football managers
Men's association football midfielders |
玛丽·阿德拉·布莱格(Mary Adela Blagg，)是一位英国女天文学家。月球上的布莱格陨石坑就是以她的名字命名的。
生平
1858年5月17日，玛丽·布莱格出生在英格兰斯塔福德郡奇德尔，并一生都生活在那里。她是约翰·查尔斯·布拉格(John Charles Blagg)律师和弗朗斯·卡洛琳·福蒂特(France Caroline Foottit)的女儿。小时候，曾通过阅读她哥哥的课本自学数学，1875年被送到肯辛顿一所学校学习代数和德语。后来曾做过一段时间的周日学校教师，还担任过女子友好协会分会秘书。
中年后，她参加了由约翰·赫歇尔的孙子-哈德卡斯尔先生(J. A. Hardcastle)教授的大学进修课，逐惭对天文学产生了兴趣。她的老师建议她研究月球表面，尤其是有关制定统一月球命名系统的问题(当时主要几种月面图所命名的各种特征术语都不一致)。
1905年，她受新成立的国际院校协会(International Association of Academies)委托，编制一份月球上所有表面特征的校对清单。她与桑德先生(S. A. Saunder)共同承担了这一非常冗长乏味的工作，其研究结果于1913年发表。她的研究形成了一长串需要协会解决的差异列表。她还与特纳教授(H. H. Turner)合作，对变星做了大量研究，这些都刊登在《皇家天文学会月报》的10篇系列文章中，特纳教授承认，其中的绝大部分工作都是玛莉·布莱格做的。
在英国皇家天文学会发表过几篇研究论文后，经特纳教授提名，她于1916年正式入选为皇家天文学会院士，成为当时同时当选的5名女性院士之一，也是该学会成立来的首批女院士。
她解决了波得定律的傅里叶分析，迈克尔·马丁·涅托(Michael Martin Nieto)曾在《行星间距离的提丢斯-波德定律》一书中进行过详叙。
1920年，她加入了新成立的国际天文学联合会月球委员会，其主要任务是继续做标准化命名工作。为完成这一任务，她与捷克退休政府官员暨业余天文学家卡尔·穆勒(月球上的穆勒陨石坑就是以他的名字命名的)联手，在1935年共同完成了二卷标题为《已命名的月面结构》的专著，后成为该学科的标准参考书。
在她的一生中，一直从事着志愿性的工作，包括在第一次世界大战期间照料比利时难童，她最喜欢的爱好之一是下棋。1944年4月14日她在家乡去世，享年85岁。在她的讣告中，她被描述为“性格温和、腼腆，类似一位隐士”，很少出席会议。
参考文献
玛莉·阿·布莱格, 《关于伯德定律的一个替代建议》,《皇家天文学会月报》, Vol. LXXIII 1913年4月6日:414:422..
玛莉·阿·布莱格, 《月面结构校对清单》, 爱丁堡, 1913.
玛莉·阿·布莱格和卡尔·穆勒, 《已命名的月面结构》, 伦敦, 1935 — vol. 1, catalogue; vol. 2, maps.
备注
外部链接
大卫·达令文章 .
讣告 .
奇德尔人
英格兰天文学家
月面学家
皇家天文学会院士
英国女科学家
女性天文学家
20世纪女性科学家 |
请对支原体感染进行基本概述？从人体分离的16种支原体中，5种对人有致病性，即肺炎支原体（M.pneumoniae）、解脲支原体（Ureaplasma urealyticum）、人型支原体（M.homins）、生殖支原体（M.genitalium）及发酵支原体（M.fermentans）。脲解支原体属（ureaplasma）含脲解支原体等体、脲解支原体及人型支原体等对人有致病性。肺炎支原体是呼吸道感染、肺炎的主要原因。脲解支原体、人型支原体则引起泌尿生殖道感染（即支原体感染）。支原体（mycoplasma）是细胞外生存的最小微生物。是一类缺乏细胞壁的原核细胞型微生物，大小一般在0.3-0.5um之间，呈高度多形性，有球形、杆形、丝状、分枝状等多种形态。它不同于细胞，也不同于病毒。种类繁多、分布广泛、造成的危害相当大，涉及人、动物、植物及昆虫等多个领域，给人类健康和科研工作带来不利影响。 |
三方郡（）為位於日本福井縣西南部的郡。
現在僅轄有以下1町：
美濱町
在1879年實施時的轄區包括現在的三方上中郡若狹町北半部。
歷史
過去在令制國時代屬於若狹國，江戶時代後全郡都成為小濱藩的領地，1871年實施廢藩置縣後改隸屬小濱縣，不過在隔年的第一次府縣整併中小濱縣整併至敦賀縣，但敦賀縣在1876年遭到廢除，位於以南的三方郡被併入滋賀縣，直到1881年才將原本敦賀縣的轄區重新恢復設縣，不過重新設立的縣因為縣廳設在福井，因而命名為福井縣。
1879年滋賀縣實施時，正式設置近代的行政區劃「三方郡」，並在佐柿村（位於現在的美濱町）設置郡役所。
沿革
1889年4月1日：實施町村制，三方郡下設：、、、、、、。（7村）
1891年4月1日：實施，郡役所設於耳村 。
1898年4月1日：西鄉村的早瀨、笹田、日向地區分出設立為，同時西鄉村更名為。（8村）
1907年8月1日：田井村和西浦村合併為。（7村）
1923年4月1日：廢除郡會和郡參事會。
1926年7月1日：廢除郡役所，此後郡不再作為行政區劃，只作為地名的表示。
1953年4月1日：八村和西田村合併為。（1町5村）
1954年2月11日：南西鄉村、北西鄉村、耳村、山東村合併為美濱町。（2町1村）
1954年3月1日：十村被併入三方町。（2町）
2005年3月31日：三方町和遠敷郡合併為若狹町，並脫離三方郡，改隸屬新設立的三方上中郡。（1町）
變遷表
參考資料
相關條目
美方郡：位於兵庫縣西北部的郡，日文發音與三方郡相同。
Oi-gun
小濱藩 |
羊羔疯怎么急救?？羊羔疯的急救方法是非常重要的，如果急救不当就会危机生命的。第一：羊羔疯是癫痫病的俗称。如果发现患者有先兆症状时，应迅速让患者平卧床上，或就近躺在平整的地方。即使来不及做上述安排，发现患者要倒时，应立即扶着患者，顺势让其倒下，防止突然摔倒造成的损伤。癫痫大发作时呼吸道分泌物较多，易造成呼吸道阻塞或吸入性肺炎。自大发作开始，应将患者头侧向一方，以便分泌物自然流出。第二：羊羔疯大发作开始，应立即扶病人侧卧防止摔倒、碰伤，然后解开其领带、胸罩、衣扣、腰带，保持呼吸道通畅，头侧立，使唾液和呕吐物尽量流出口外，取下假牙，以免误吸入呼吸道，防止舌咬伤，可将手帕卷成或用一双筷子缠上布条塞入其上下牙之间，抽搐时，不要用力按压病人肢体，以免造成骨折或扭伤，发作过后昏睡不醒，尽可能减少搬动，让病人适当休息，可给吸氧气。第三：已经摔倒在地的病人，应检查看有没有外伤，如果有外伤，应根据具体情况进行处理，有癫痫病史者，必须按医嘱规律性地服用抗癫痫药物，切忌擅自减量或停服，否则会导致羊羔疯病复发或持续发作。首先羊羔疯大发作，一定要立即呼吸叫“120”急救电话，请医生前来急救，即使发作已停止，也必须到医院去进一步检查，确定病因，对症治疗，防止复发。当病人有犯病的预兆的时候，要及时迅速的让病人躺在平整的地方，将病人的衣服解开，用东西塞在上下牙中间，避免他咬到舌头等。当病人慢慢平复下来后，及时的拨打急救电话。 |
Helena Zmatlíková (19 November 1923, Prague – 4 April 2005, Prague) was a Czech illustrator, especially of children's books. For her works she received numerous awards. She also participated in the 1958 World Exhibition.
Career
Zmatlikova's paintings, which appeared in books published all over the world in more than 20 languages, have been popular with children for decades. The best known of these include:
František Hrubín's Paleček
Bohumil Říha´s Honzíkova cesta a O letadélku Káněti
Czech edition of Astrid Lindgren´s The Six Bullerby Children (published by Albatros)
those written by Eduard Petiška.
Personal life
Her nephew is Pavel Rychetsky, a lawyer and politician. Her son Ivan Zmatlík was married to the actress , with whom he has a daughter, Helena.
She was buried at the Vyšehrad Cemetery in Prague.
Tribute
On November 19, 2013, Google celebrated her 90th birthday with a Google Doodle.
References
External links
Biography (in Czech)
Short bio (in English)
Czech illustrators
Artists from Prague
1923 births
2005 deaths
Czech women artists
Czech women illustrators
Czech children's book illustrators
20th-century Czech painters
Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery |
Köniz railway station () is a railway station in the municipality of Köniz, in the Swiss canton of Bern. It is an intermediate stop on the standard gauge Bern–Schwarzenburg line of BLS AG.
Services
The following services stop at Köniz:
Bern S-Bahn: : half-hourly service between and .
References
External links
Railway stations in the canton of Bern
BLS railway stations |
桑西（，），亦称桑西莱莫（，，意为“莫城附近的桑西”），是法国塞纳-马恩省的一个市镇，属于莫城区。
地理
（）面积，位于法国法蘭西島大區塞纳-马恩省，该省份为法国北部内陆省份，北起瓦兹省，西接埃松省、马恩河谷省、塞纳-圣但尼省和瓦兹河谷省，南至卢瓦雷省，东南接约讷省，东临马恩省和奥布省，东北接埃纳省。
与接壤的市镇（或旧市镇、城区）包括：。
的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00（夏令时）。
行政
的邮政编码为，INSEE市镇编码为。
政治
所属的省级选区为。
人口
于时的人口数量为人。
参考文献
S |
十二指肠腺癌早期症状？十二指肠腺癌指起源于十二指肠黏膜上皮的癌。多为单发，可由腺瘤恶变而来。组织学上可见腺瘤-腺癌转化及腺癌中的残存腺瘤组织。十二指肠腺癌多发生于降部乳头周围，约占60%，其次为壶腹下段，球部最少见。本病早期症状一般不明显，可有上腹部疼痛、厌食、恶心、呕吐、贫血及黄疸等临床表现。十二指肠腺癌早期症状：1.疼痛多类似溃疡病，表现为上腹部不适或钝痛，进食后疼痛不缓解，有时疼痛可向背部放射。2.厌食、恶心、呕吐呕吐频繁，呕吐内容物多，大多是由于肿瘤逐渐增大堵塞肠腔，引起十二指肠部分或完全梗阻所致。呕吐内容物是否含有胆汁可判别梗阻部位。3.贫血、出血为最常见症状，其出血主要表现为慢性失血，如大便隐血阳性、黑便；大量出血则可呕血。4.黄疸系肿瘤阻塞壶腹所致，此种肿瘤引起黄疸常因肿瘤的坏死、脱落而使黄疸波动，常见于大便隐血阳性后黄疸也随之减轻；另外黄疸常伴有腹痛。5.体重减轻亦较常见，进行性体重下降常预示治疗效果不佳。6.腹部包块肿瘤较大或侵犯周围组织时，部分病例可扪及右上腹包块。本病临床可分为:第Ⅰ期，肿瘤局限于十二指肠壁；第Ⅱ期，肿瘤已穿透十二指肠壁；第Ⅲ期，肿瘤有区域淋巴结转移；第Ⅳ期，肿瘤有远处转移。治疗十二指肠腺癌原则上应行根治切除术，其术式可根据癌肿的部位和病期选用十二指肠节段切除或胰头十二指肠切除等术式。对于不能切除的肿瘤可采用姑息性胆肠引流或胃肠引流等术式。胰头十二指肠切除是十二指肠癌常用的术式，术后5年生存率达到25%～60%。 |
Freestyle Script是由Colin Brignall于1969年，于1981年设计的一种字体。在20世纪80年代被广泛用于商业广告，也被用于各种标志。粗体版本是1986年设计的。该字体的发布者是Adobe，ITC和。这个字体有几个版本，Regular，Bold，SH Reg Alt和SB Reg Alt。
参考资料
字体 |
更年期月经推迟怎么调理？女性朋友步入了更年期，这个时候就会出现很多的症状表现，月经不调就是非常常见的症状，而且患者都会引起情绪的烦躁，还会经常的出现，头昏和失明，在这种情况下还会导致神经衰弱，浪潮方面也会受到一会导致月经不调的发生，这个跟个人的饮食习惯、工作生活、生活习惯都有关系，并且月经是否正常能否反应出个人的身体状况，而很多人年轻的时候月经不调，并且会有疼痛感，而到了更年期也会有这样的情况，当然女人到了更年期会有一些症状，脾气大、头疼、烦躁等等，这些也是导致月经不调的原因，可是当女人到了更年期后月经推迟应该怎么办，下面给大家详细的介绍步骤/方法：1、在治疗之前患者要去医院做全面检查，待确认好病情后在做进一步的治疗，根据医生给出的建议进行合理的治疗，治疗期间患者要积极的配合医生的治疗，不要私自的停药或者多吃药物，这样会影响治疗效果，保持愉悦的心情对病情的恢复也是有帮助的。2、更年期月经推迟的调理主要是饮食方面的控制，在日常生活中还要控制食盐，少吃甜食，同时要养成良好的饮食习惯，多吃新鲜果蔬、高蛋白类的食物，多喝水，补充身体所需的水分，保持愉悦的心情也是非常重要的3、我们只有保证各种营养都足够的衰落，才能够保证绝经期以后，还有的就是我们一定要多吃一些新鲜的水果和蔬菜，因为新鲜的水果和蔬菜中富含有丰富的维生素，而这些各类维生素对我们的身体好处也是非常大的，所以，我们一定要多吃一些。4、除此之外，更年期女性一定要注意合理的饮食，避免食过多的辛辣等刺激性食物，多食新鲜的水果蔬菜，注意做好个人卫生，不要经常的熬夜保证充足的睡眠，每天保持愉悦的心情，不要烦躁注意事项：更年期的女性要更加注重自己的饮食习惯，不要经常吃辛辣、油腻食物，饮食应以清淡为主，多吃一些新鲜的水果蔬菜，不要熬夜，保证充足的睡眠，经常锻炼身体。 |
高度膨胀的毛细血管襻的治疗和预防方法？本病为遗传性疾病，尚无有效预防措施防止其发生。对明确诊断患者要积极降血脂及对症治疗，以控制病情发展，预防肾功能衰竭的发生。 |
伊藤整一（いとう せいいち，），大日本帝國海軍將官，曾任第2艦隊司令長官、日本駐滿州國海軍武官等職。
伊藤整一出生於福岡縣三池郡高田町一個普通家庭。為海軍兵學校第39期，同期學生還有遠藤喜一、高木武雄、山縣正郷、岡敬純、角田覺治、原忠一等人。
於1927年擔任日本駐美國大使館武官，與沖繩作戰中的美軍司令斯普魯恩斯頗有交情。
1941年8月11日（昭和16年），伊藤整一在太平洋戰爭開始之前成為軍令部次長，並參加了戰前的國策會議。開戰之後，伊藤本人與搭乘美日交換船返國的日本駐美武官橫山一郎討論美國動向。伊藤整一詢問美國對日本的可能反擊路線，橫山答以可能會經由塞班島和硫磺島。伊藤問橫山這場戰爭將如何結束，橫山認為日本的失敗在某種程度上是不可避免的，即使在最好的狀況下，日本的地位也會回歸到甲午戰爭以前的狀態。橫山對伊藤整一的個性印象深刻，因為伊藤並未對他的報告感到憤怒。。
1945年4月，聯合艦隊司令部決定發動天一號作戰。第二艦隊司令長官伊藤整一及其他指揮官與艦長，曾對此作戰提出質疑，但最後仍然服從聯合艦隊參謀長草鹿龍之介的勸說（「希望成為一億總特攻的先鋒（一億総特攻の魁となって頂きたい）」）。伊藤於是指揮艦隊出擊。
第二艦隊出擊時曾被美國潛艇發現並通報上級，但美國潛艇被命令不得攻擊。後又被美國偵察機發現，伊藤曾下令艦隊向西航行，暫時迷惑了美國偵察機；但美方偵查機持續跟蹤，伊藤於是下令艦隊直接航向沖繩。1945年4月7日，於第2艦隊旗艦大和號即將沉沒時，伊藤下令作戰中止，命令驅逐艦救助大和號艦員，後於司令官室切腹，隨艦共沉。於同日追贈大將，以及勳一等旭日大綬章。
伊藤整一的獨子伊藤叡是海軍飛行員，於天一號作戰參與宇垣纏中將派出護衛第二艦隊的零式戰鬥機機隊。後參加神風特攻隊於1945年4月28日戰死於沖繩。
參考資料
日本海军大将
日本海軍武官
駐美國武官
太平洋战争日军阵亡者
勳一等旭日大綬章獲得者
功四級金鵄勳章獲得者
海軍兵學校校友
福岡縣出身人物 |
Shi Chengsheng (born 4 March 1967) is a Chinese judoka. He competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
References
1967 births
Living people
Chinese male judoka
Olympic judoka for China
Judoka at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people) |
左侧卵巢疼痛是什么原因？需要考虑炎症的原因，并不排除肿瘤引起的。白带上没有增加阴道分泌物，需要到医院进行常规妇科检查，B超检查确诊。如果有肿瘤，则需要考虑进一步检查，如检查肿瘤标志物，并在确诊后采取纠正措施。对于左侧卵巢疼痛有以下原因：1，左侧卵巢疼痛的原因可能是卵巢癌或子宫内膜炎引起的，如果细菌感染炎症，那么卵巢疼痛会更加严重。因此，每个人通常都会发现类似的症状，因此有必要到医院检查，了解卵巢的健康状况，避免更严重的妇科疾病。一般来说，你还应该保护卵巢周围的卫生环境，不要让卵巢和子宫的其他部位接触细菌，以避免其他炎症反应。2，左侧卵巢疼痛可能是子宫受压引起的。如果子宫发生异位疾病，很容易导致正常的区域位置偏离，卵巢经常被挤压，导致疼痛感。如果您发现类似的症状，您可以去医院检查B超检查并进行彩色多普勒超声检查，以了解子宫的异常表现。如果您能确诊，您应留在医院观察并调整子宫的健康状况。然后通常调整你的饮食，按照医生的安排，这应该是一个小问题。3，如果左侧的附件区域是痛苦的，考虑腹部感冒引起的感冒或发炎，建议要注意腹部保暖，可以用温暖的宝宝记不住，如果不好，请到医院检查B超检查，了解骨盆的情况，看是否正常。平时要注意外阴卫生，穿棉线宽松透气的内衣不宜过紧，尽量减少子宫腔的操作，有利于妇科炎症。4，首先需要考虑炎症的原因，并不排除肿瘤引起的。白带上没有增加阴道分泌物，需要到医院进行常规妇科检查，B超检查确诊。如果有肿瘤，则需要考虑进一步检查，如检查肿瘤标志物，并在确诊后采取纠正措施。以上情况建议到医院检查是否有子宫附件炎或盆腔炎引起的疼痛。在清除疾病原因后，最好在医生的指导下服用口服药物和物理治疗。平时禁止辛辣食物禁酒，加强体育锻炼，增强体质，配合腹部热疗，根据病情的变化定期到医院复查。 |
外科正宗是什么?？《外科正宗》是明朝中医学着作，陈实功着，成书于万历四十五年。原4卷，经后人增删，改作12卷。 |
引起前列腺钙化的原因有什么？前列腺钙化是男性常见的前列腺病变之一。前列腺钙化易引起前列腺炎症反复发作，如治疗不及时可发生泌尿、生殖系统并发症前列腺钙化本身无明显症状和体征，多是在检查前列腺疾病及泌尿系统其他疾病时，经影像学检查被发现。如果有前列腺疾病（如前列腺增生症、炎症、结核、肿瘤）的病史，经超声、检查发现前列腺内强回声灶或高密度灶，可以做出前列腺钙化的诊断。对于无明显临床症状的前列腺钙化，一般无需进行治疗。如果有其他前列腺病变，根据具体情况进行治疗1.腺体注射疗法是抗生素治疗前列腺增生钙化的一个补充手段。2.物理疗法：借助电、热、光、声、水等各种物理因素，对前列腺腺体发生作用，改善局部血液循环，有助炎症的消散，临床上只做为一种辅助治疗。前列腺是男性的重要腺体，它是男性特有的，而且是非对称性的、孤立的、位于膀胱跟尿道之间。年轻人的前列腺是一个粒子大小，上面比较宽，下面的前列腺尖部会比较细，背面，前列腺靠直肠那边是相对比较平的，向前面突出。前列腺腺体主要有一些分泌的功能，像外分泌；最主要是精液的主要成分之一；还有内分泌，分泌一些前列腺素。前列腺液对于男性性生活，包括日常的生活是非常重要的。前列腺位于男性的盆腔当中，上面是膀胱，下面接着尿道，中间尿道的前列腺部从前列腺当中穿过，前列腺的后方是直肠，前方是耻骨联合。这个解剖，对于泌尿外科大夫来说是很关键的。前列腺的解剖决定了前列腺的一些症状，包括一些反应，如果位于盆腔、盆底的一些疼痛，包括会阴区的不适，包括下腹不适，都应该想到前列腺的一些相关情况。前列腺钙化说明以前有过炎症,现在静止了,如无症状,不必治疗.如果引起排尿困难的情况,那么就要及时到医院就诊.出现前列腺钙化成结石必须治疗,钙化会发展成结石,引发出各种症状,有的患者症状长期消除不了,要做全面检查,看是否有结石钙化,不治疗结石钙化难以彻底治愈前列腺病. |
圣莫尼卡海滩（Santa Monica State Beach）位于加州洛杉矶县，由圣莫尼卡市管理。
圣莫尼卡海滩沿着太平洋海岸公路，两英里长，有野餐区，商店，和码头，以及救生员站，休闲餐馆，设备租赁点，健身活动设施，自行车道，木质小径，供在温暖的日子前往沙滩。游客活动包括排球，篮球和跑道。
圣塔莫尼卡码头建于1909年，位于科罗拉多大道，有著名的拱门。这里有一处国家历史地标 -– 1922年的。
肌肉海滩紧靠排球场以南，有双杠，吊环等运动设施。
码头排球场以南几步是一个国际象棋公园。人行道上绘制公共棋桌和一个棋盘。
Palisades公园位于圣莫尼卡著名的砂岩峭壁之上，提供了一个制高点，可以看到圣莫尼卡海滩和太平洋。
圣莫尼卡海滩是猫头鹰之城的专辑伞海滩（Umbrella Beach）的封面。
参考文献
California State Parks: official Santa Monica State Beach website
Santa Monica Beach
LAMountains.com: Santa Monica State Beach
聖莫尼卡 (加利福尼亞州)
南加利福尼亞州沙灘
2028年夏季奧林匹克運動會運動場 |
石栗是什么?？石栗，别称烛果树、黑桐油树、铁桐、油果、检果、海胡桃、南洋石栗、烛栗等，为大戟科石栗属植物。 |
张家楼耶稣圣心堂是上海市浦东新区的一座天主教教堂，在金桥镇红枫路151号。
张家楼耶稣圣心堂原址在张家楼村东北首41号。始建于1774年，名寻获十字架小堂。张家楼村是一个始于明代的天主教村庄。
1843年，寻获十字架小堂扩建为圣盎博罗削堂。1848年9月11日，意大利神父徐类思在张家楼圣盎博罗削堂被祝圣为助理主教，顶塞斯皮斯主教衔。主教府设于此。此时张家楼已成立了修道院。
1865年该堂扩建，可容700人。1875年，该堂教徒达到1000人。1896年，该堂再次扩建，可容千人。1932年，该堂成为总铎座堂。
文化大革命中该堂关闭。2000年，该堂拆除，2002年-2003年在金桥镇红枫路151号重建。
参考
浦东新区天主教堂 |
手足皲裂的疾病病因是什么?？本病的发生与表皮增厚、干燥、外界刺激以及局部活动有关。手足掌部皮肤无皮脂腺，角质层较厚，并在反复活动中发生保护性增厚，在正常情况下不会发生皲裂。但到冬季，气候干燥寒冷，汗腺分泌减少，又缺乏皮脂滋润，再加上各种物理性、化学性和生物性因素的刺激和摩擦，使掌皮较厚的皮肤变干变脆，失去弹性，当局部活动或牵拉力较大时，即可将其拉破而产生皲裂。另外，某些皮肤病如鱼鳞病、手足癣、冻疮等均可在病理条件下发生皲裂。 |
Aspiration pneumonia is a type of lung infection that is due to a relatively large amount of material from the stomach or mouth entering the lungs. Signs and symptoms often include fever and cough of relatively rapid onset. Complications may include lung abscess, acute respiratory distress syndrome, empyema, and parapneumonic effusion. Some include chemical induced inflammation of the lungs as a subtype, which occurs from acidic but non-infectious stomach contents entering the lungs.
Infection can be due to a variety of bacteria. Risk factors include decreased level of consciousness, problems with swallowing, alcoholism, tube feeding, and poor oral health. Diagnosis is typically based on the presenting history, symptoms, chest X-ray, and sputum culture. Differentiating from other types of pneumonia may be difficult.
Treatment is typically with antibiotics such as clindamycin, meropenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, or moxifloxacin. For those with only chemical pneumonitis, antibiotics are not typically required. Among people hospitalized with pneumonia, about 10% are due to aspiration. It occurs more often in older people, especially those in nursing homes. Both sexes are equally affected.
Signs and symptoms
The person may have an insidious course with increased respiratory rate, foul-smelling sputum, hemoptysis, and fever. Complications may occur, such as exudative pleural effusion, empyema, and lung abscesses. If left untreated, aspiration pneumonia can progress to form a lung abscess. Another possible complication is an empyema, in which pus collects inside the lungs. If continual aspiration occurs, the chronic inflammation can cause compensatory thickening of the insides of the lungs, resulting in bronchiectasis.
Causes
Most aspiration events occur in patients with a defective swallowing mechanism, such as a neurological disease or as the result of an injury that directly impairs swallowing or interferes with consciousness. Impaired consciousness can be intentional, such as the use of general anesthesia for surgery. For many types of surgical operations, people preparing for surgery are therefore instructed to take nothing by mouth (nil per os, abbreviated as NPO) for at least four hours before surgery. These conditions enable the entry of bacteria into the lungs, thus allowing the development of an infection.
Risk factors
Impaired swallowing: Conditions that cause dysphagia worsen the ability of people to swallow, causing an increased risk of entry of particles from the stomach or mouth into the airways. While swallowing dysfunction is associated with aspiration pneumonia, dysphagia may not be sufficient unless other risk factors are present. Neurologic conditions that can directly impact the nerves involved in the swallow mechanism include stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease), and multiple sclerosis. Anatomical changes in the chest can also disrupt the swallow mechanism. For example, patients with advanced COPD tend to develop enlarged lungs, resulting in compression of the esophagus and thus regurgitation.
Altered mental status: Changes in levels of consciousness affect the swallow mechanism by both disabling the body's natural protective measures against aspiration as well as possibly causing nausea and vomiting. Altered mental status can be caused by medical conditions such as seizures. However, many other agents can be responsible as well, including general anesthesia and alcohol.
Bacterial colonization: Poor oral hygiene can result in colonization of the mouth with excessive amounts of bacteria, which is linked to increased incidence of aspiration pneumonia.
Ethnicity: Asians diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia have a lower risk of death compared to other ethnic groups while African Americans and whites share a relatively similar risk of death. Hispanics have a lower risk of death than non-Hispanics.
Others: Age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, use of antipsychotic drugs, proton pump inhibitors, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Residence in an institutional setting, prolonged hospitalization or surgical procedures, gastric tube feeding, mechanical airway interventions, immunocompromised, history of smoking, antibiotic therapy, advanced age, reduced pulmonary clearance, diminished cough reflex, disrupted normal mucosal barrier, impaired mucociliary clearance, alter cellular and humoral immunity, obstruction of the airways, and damaged lung tissue.
Bacteria
Bacteria involved in aspiration pneumonia may be either aerobic or anaerobic. Common aerobic bacteria involved include:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Klebsiella: often seen in aspiration lobar pneumonia in alcoholics
Anaerobic bacteria also play a key role in the pathogenesis of aspiration pneumonia. They make up the majority of normal oral flora and the presence of putrid fluid in the lungs is highly suggestive of aspiration pneumonia secondary to an anaerobic organism. While it is difficult to confirm the presence of anaerobes through cultures, the treatment of aspiration pneumonia typically includes anaerobic coverage regardless. Potential anaerobic bacteria are as follows:
Bacteroides
Prevotella
Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
Pathophysiology
Aspiration is defined as inhalation of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the pulmonary tree. Depending on the composition of the aspirate, three complications have been described:
Chemical pneumonitis may develop whose severity depends on the pH value and quantity of aspirate. The two lung changes after acid aspiration are: a) direct toxic damage to the respiratory epithelium resulting in interstitial pulmonary edema and b) a few hours later, inflammatory response with production of cytokines, neutrophil infiltration, and macrophage activation. Oxygen-free radicals are generated which, in turn, lead to further lung damage. Patients may remain asymptomatic after acid aspiration. Others may develop dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, cough, fever, bloody or frothy sputum, and respiratory failure.
Aspiration pneumonia may develop.
The third complication occurs after inhalation of particulate matter that obstructs airways. The patients will have sudden arterial hypoxemia with development of lung atelectasis.
Location
The location is often gravity dependent, and depends on the person's position. Generally, the right middle and lower lung lobes are the most common sites affected, due to the larger caliber and more vertical orientation of the right mainstem bronchus. People who aspirate while standing can have bilateral lower lung lobe infiltrates. The right upper lobe is a common area of consolidation, where liquids accumulate in a particular region of the lung, in alcoholics who aspirate in the supine position.
Diagnosis
Evaluation of aspiration is generally performed with a video fluoroscopic swallowing study involving radiologic evaluation of the swallowing mechanism via challenges with liquid and solid food consistencies. These studies allow for evaluation of penetration to the vocal folds and below but are not a sensitive and specific marker for aspiration. Additionally, it is difficult to distinguish between aspiration pneumonia and aspiration pneumonitis.
Aspiration pneumonia is typically diagnosed by a combination of clinical circumstances (people with risk factors for aspiration) and radiologic findings (an infiltrate in the proper location). A chest x-ray is typically performed in cases where any pneumonia is suspected, including aspiration pneumonia. Findings on chest x-ray supportive of aspiration pneumonia include localized consolidation depending on the patient's position when the aspiration occurred. For example, people that are supine when they aspirate often develop consolidation in the right lower lobe of the lung. Sputum cultures are not used for diagnosing aspiration pneumonia because of the high risk of contamination. Clinical symptoms may also increase suspicion of aspiration pneumonia, including new difficulty breathing and fever after an aspiration event. Likewise, physical exam findings such as altered breath sounds heard in the affected lung fields may also be suggestive of aspiration pneumonia. Some cases of aspiration pneumonia are caused by aspiration of food particles or other particulate substances like pill fragments; these can be diagnosed by pathologists on lung biopsy specimens.
While aspiration pneumonia and chemical pneumonitis may appear similar, it is important to differentiate between the two due to major differences in management of these conditions. Chemical pneumonitis is caused by damage to the inner layer of lung tissue, which triggers an influx of fluid. The inflammation caused by this reaction can rapidly cause similar findings seen in aspiration pneumonia, such as an elevated WBC (white blood cell) count, radiologic findings, and fever. However, it is important to note that the findings of chemical pneumonitis are triggered by inflammation not caused by infection, as seen in aspiration pneumonia. Inflammation is the body's immune response to any perceived threat to the body. Thus, treatment of chemical pneumonitis typically involves removal of the inflammatory fluid and supportive measures, notably excluding antibiotics. The use of antimicrobials is reserved for chemical pneumonitis complicated by secondary bacterial infection.
Prevention
There have been several practices associated with decreased incidence and decreased severity of aspiration pneumonia as detailed below.
Oral hygiene
Studies showed that the net reduction of oral bacteria was associated with a decrease in both incidence of aspiration pneumonia as well as mortality from aspiration pneumonia. One broad method of decreasing the number of bacteria in the mouth involves the use of antimicrobials, ranging from topical antibiotics to intravenous antibiotic use. Whereas the use of antibiotics focuses on destroying and hindering the growth of bacteria, mechanical removal of oral bacteria by a dental professional also plays a key role in reducing the bacterial burden. By reducing the amount of bacteria in the mouth, the likelihood of infection when aspiration occurs is reduced as well. For people who are critically ill that require a feeding tube, there is evidence suggesting that the risk of aspiration pneumonia may be reduced by inserting the feeding tube into the duodenum or the jejunum (post-pyloric feeding), when compared to inserting the feeding tube into the stomach (gastric feeding).
Enhanced swallow
Many people at risk for aspiration pneumonia have an impaired swallowing mechanism, which may increase the chance of aspiration of food particles with meals. There is some evidence to indicate that training of various parts of the body involved in the act of swallowing, including the tongue and lips, may reduce episodes of aspiration and aspiration pneumonia; however, further research is required to confirm this benefit. Other simple actions during feeding can improve the swallowing capability of a person and thus reduce the risk of aspiration, including changes in position and feeding assistance.
After surgery
Many instances of aspiration occur during surgical operations, especially during anesthesia induction. The administration of anesthesia causes suppression of protective reflexes, most importantly the gag reflex. As a result, stomach particles can easily enter the lungs. Certain risk factors predispose individuals to aspiration, especially conditions causing dysfunction of the upper gastrointestinal system. Identifying these conditions before the operation begins is essential for proper preparation during the procedure. It is recommended that patients fast prior to procedures as well. Other practices that may be beneficial but have not been well-studied include medication that reduce the acidity of gastric contents and rapid sequence induction. On the other hand, regarding reducing acidity of the stomach, an acid environment is needed to kill the organisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract; agents, such as proton pump inhibitors, that decrease the acidity of the stomach, may favor the growth of bacteria and increase the risk of pneumonia.
Treatment
Adjusting the patient's posture should come first, then the oropharyngeal contents should be suctioned with the nasogastric tube in place. Humidified oxygen is given to patients who are not intubated, and the head end of the bed should be elevated by 45 degrees. It's crucial to keep a close eye on the patient's oxygen saturation, and if hypoxia is detected, urgent intubation with mechanical breathing should be given. Flexible bronchoscopy is often used to gather samples of bronchoalveolar lavage for quantitative bacteriological tests as well as high volume aspiration to clear the secretion. In general practice The main treatment of aspiration pneumonia revolves around the use of antibiotics to remove the bacteria causing the infection. Broad antibiotic coverage is required to account for the diverse types of bacteria possibly causing the infection. Even though they are not necessary in cases with aspiration pneumonitis, antibiotics are typically started right away to stop the disease's development. Recommended antibiotics include clindamycin, meropenem, ertapenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, and moxifloxacin. Treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam, cefepime, levofloxacin, imipenem, or meropenem is recommended in cases of potential antibiotic resistance. The typical duration of antibiotic therapy is about 5 to 7 days. If there is a large accumulation of fluid within the lungs, drainage of the fluid may also aid in the healing process.
Prognosis
Dysphagia clinicians often recommend alteration of dietary regimens, altered head positioning, or removal of all oral intake. While studies have suggested that thickening liquids can decrease aspiration through slowed pharyngeal transit time, they have also demonstrated increased pharyngeal residues with risk for delayed aspiration. The ability of clinical interventions to reduce pneumonia incidence is relatively unknown. Dietary modifications or nothing-by-mouth status also have no effect on a patient's ability to handle their own secretions. A patient's individual vigor may impact the development of pulmonary infections more than aspiration. Also increased pneumonia risk exists in patients with esophageal dysphagia when compared to stroke patients because patients with stroke will improve as they recover from their acute injury, whereas esophageal dysphagia is likely to worsen with time. In one cohort of aspiration pneumonia patients, overall three-year mortality was 40%.
Studies have shown that aspiration pneumonia has been associated with an overall increased in-hospital mortality as compared with other forms of pneumonia. Further studies investigating differing time spans including 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, and 1-year mortality. Individuals diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia were also at increased risk of developing future episodes of pneumonia. In fact, these individuals were also found to be at higher risk for readmission after being discharged from the hospital. Lastly, one study found that individuals diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia were more likely to fail treatment compared to other types of pneumonia.
Elderly
Aging increases the risk of dysphagia. The prevalence of dysphagia in nursing homes is approximately 50%, and 30% of the elderly with dysphagia develop aspiration. For individuals older than 75, the risk of pneumonia due to dysphagia is six times greater than those 65. Owing to multiple factors, such as frailty, impaired efficacy of swallowing, decreased cough reflex and neurological complications, dysphagia can be considered as a geriatric syndrome. Atypical presentation is common in the elderly. Older patients may have impaired T cell function and hence, they may be unable to mount a febrile response. The mucociliary clearance of older people is also impaired, resulting in diminished sputum production and cough. Therefore, they can present non-specifically with different geriatric syndromes.
Microaspirations
In the elderly, dysphagia is a significant risk factor for the development of aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration pneumonia most often develops due to micro-aspiration of saliva, or bacteria carried on food and liquids, in combination with impaired host immune function.
Chronic inflammation of the lungs is a key feature in aspiration pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents and presents as a sporadic fever (one day per week for several months). Radiological review shows chronic inflammation in the consolidated lung tissue, linking chronic micro-aspiration and chronic lung inflammation.
Choking
After falls, choking on food presents as the second highest cause of preventable death in aged care. Although food choking risk is commonly associated with young children, data shows that individuals over 65 years of age have a choking incidence that is seven times higher than children aged 1–4 years.
Parkinson's disease
The reported prevalence of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson's disease ranges from 20% to 100% due to variations in the methods of assessing the swallowing function. Unlike some medical problems, such as stroke, dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease degenerates with disease progression. Aspiration pneumonia was the most common reason for the emergency admission of patients with Parkinson's Disease whose disease duration was >5 years and pneumonia was one of the main causes of death.
Dementia
The familiar model of care for people with advanced dementia and dysphagia is the revolving door of recurrent chest infections, frequently associated with aspiration and related readmissions. Many individuals with dementia resist or are indifferent to food and fail to manage the food bolus. There are also many contributory factors such as poor oral hygiene, high dependency levels for being positioned and fed, as well as the need for oral suctioning. While tube feeding might therefore be considered a safer option, tube feeding has not been shown to be beneficial in people with advanced dementia. The preferred option therefore is to continue eating and drinking orally despite the risk of developing chest infections.
See also
Dysphagia
Meconium aspiration syndrome
Nosocomial pneumonia
Chemical pneumonitis
References
Sources
External links
Pneumonia
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Wikipedia emergency medicine articles ready to translate |
Statistics of Czechoslovak First League in the 1935–36 season.
Overview
It was contested by 14 teams, and Sparta Prague won the championship. Vojtěch Bradáč was the league's top scorer with 42 goals.
League standings
Results
Top goalscorers
References
Czechoslovakia - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Czechoslovak First League seasons
1935–36 in Czechoslovak football
Czech |
格尼利切（），是烏克蘭的村落，位於該國西北部羅夫諾州，由拉季維利夫區負責管轄，始建於1560年，面積0.1平方公里，海拔高度221米，2001年人口57。
參考資料
Погода в селі Гнильче
羅夫諾州村落
拉季維利夫區村落 |
中華人民共和國第十一屆全運會乒乓球男子雙打比賽於2009年9月29日至10月1日在青島國信體育館舉行。
比賽成績
賽事
名次賽
4.王皓/張繼科 (解放軍) -- 8.馬龍/張括 (北京) 0:3 (6:11，7:11，5:11)
10.雷振華/柳洋 (解放軍)-- 15.江天一/唐鵬 (香港) 0:3 (7:11，9:11，8:11)
第五、六名
8.馬龍/張括 (北京) -- 16.江天一/唐鵬 (香港) 2:3 (6:11，11:9，6:11，11:8，3:11)
第七、八名
4.王皓/張繼科 (解放軍) -- 10.雷振華/柳洋(解放軍) 3:0 (12:10，11:8，11:3)
注釋
中华人民共和国第十一届运动会乒乓球比赛 |
（学名：Archaeopteridaceae）是古蕨目下的一个科。
下属分类
本科包括以下属：
参考文献
G |
索莫謝拉戰役發生於1808年11月30日，是半島戰爭期間的一場戰役，由拿破崙·波拿巴直接指揮的法波聯軍強行通過瓜達拉馬山脈，以對抗駐紮在瓜達拉馬山脈中的西班牙軍隊，該軍隊志在阻止法軍進軍馬德里。馬德里以北的索莫謝拉山口，貝尼托·德·聖胡安率領的一支由步兵和砲兵組成的西班牙軍隊以阻止法軍進入馬德里。拿破崙在一次多兵種協同的進攻中擊潰了西班牙的陣地。這場胜利消除了通往馬德里的最後一道障礙，法軍在幾天後進入馬德里。
註腳
參考文獻
法國戰役
波蘭戰役
半島戰爭戰役
西班牙戰役
19世紀冲突
19世紀戰役 |
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