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Microblepsis rectilinea is a moth in the family Drepanidae. It was described by Watson in 1968. It is found in Sichuan, China. The length of the forewings is 12–13.5 mm for males and 12–14 mm for females. The ground colour of both wings is grey brown with very pale brown markings. References Moths described in 1968 Drepaninae
The Corpus Christi Tournament was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour, played only in 1952. It was played in Corpus Christi, Texas. Betty Jameson won the event. References Former LPGA Tour events Golf in Texas Sports in Corpus Christi, Texas Women's sports in Texas
做月子能喝红糖姜有什么作用?坐月子是指孕妇产后用一个月(顺产)或42天(剖腹产)的时间进行休养。坐月子可以追溯至西汉《礼记内则》,距今已有两千多年的历史,为产后必须的仪式性行为。从社会学和医学的角度来看,""坐月子""是协助产妇顺利渡过人生生理和心理转折的关键时期。那么,做月子喝红糖姜有什么作用呢?我们一起来详细的了解一下吧。月子里喝红糖水并非多多益善,红糖水如果喝太久又对新妈妈很不利,最多喝十天。产后最初几天,多喝红糖水对新妈妈是有好处的。因为,红糖味甘性温,有暖经作用,可以活血祛瘀。产妇喝红糖水能散寒止痛、健脾暖胃,有利于子宫收缩复原,排出产后宫腔淤血,促进乳汁分泌。此外,新妈妈在分娩时,精力和体力消耗大,加之失血,产后还要哺乳,因此需要补充大量铁质。红糖含有大量的铁、钙、锰、锌等微量元素,对于新妈妈恢复体力很有帮助。再者,红糖水的利尿作用能减少产后尿潴留的发生,并能有效地预防尿路感染。红糖水如果喝太久又对新妈妈很不利。由于现在的产妇多为初产,子宫收缩功能大多比较好,宫腔淤血的颜色和量一般都比较正常,如果红糖水喝的过久,反而会使淤血排出增多,导致慢性失血性贫血,且影响子宫恢复。此外,红糖水喝太久还容易损坏产妇的牙齿,带来肥胖问题。如果夏天生产的产妇喝得过多,还易导致出汗过多,使身体更虚弱。红糖水不宜长期喝。产后血虚状况好转后就可以停喝,一般时间为7~10天。具体时间可因人而异,因季节而异。体寒的人天冷时可以适当多喝几天。需注意的是,舌红、苔薄、苔黄、舌苔厚腻、体热的人不宜多喝红糖水。产前经常吐酸水的也应少喝或不喝,以免增加胃酸而伤胃。产妇喝红糖水时应煮开后饮用,不要用开水一冲即用,因为红糖在贮藏、运输等过程中,易滋生细菌。此外,还可以用红糖水煮鸡蛋,或者和桂圆一起吃,效果更好。
书院站为上海轨道交通16号线的车站,位于临港新城主产业区临港新城临港大道(B3路)附近,车站已于2013年12月29日启用。 车站设计 本站采用高架二层一岛一侧式站台,在两站台中间设有一存车线。 车站出口 注: 设有无障碍电梯 无障碍电梯 地面-站厅:直升梯(1、2号口各1部) 站厅-站台:直升梯(东厅2部) 卫生间 付费区(东厅) 公交换乘 始发线路 途经线路 上海轨道交通16号线车站 2013年启用的铁路车站 2013年上海建立 浦东新区地铁车站
干地黄该如何炮制?干地黄:用水稍泡,洗净泥砂杂质,捞出焖润,切片晒干或烘干。生地黄炭:取洗净的干地黄,置煅锅内装八成满,上面覆盖一锅,两锅接缝处用黄泥封固,上压重物,用文武火缎至贴在盖锅底上的白纸显焦黄色为度,挡住火门,待凉后,取出;或将干地黄置锅内直接炒炭亦可。《纲目》:“《本经》所谓干地黄者,即生地之干者也,其法取地黄一百斤,择肥者六十斤,洗净,晒令微皱,以拣下者洗净,木臼中捣绞汁尽,投酒再捣,取汁拌前地黄,日中晒干或火焙干用。”
Polondava (Polonda, ) was a Dacian town, north of Dinogetia. See also Dacian davae List of ancient cities in Thrace and Dacia Dacia Roman Dacia References Sources Further reading Dacian towns
沈梅路站是上海轨道交通18号线的一座车站,位于中華人民共和國上海市浦东新区周浦镇沈梅路与滬南公路交叉口,于2020年12月26日开通。本站是18号线高峰期间小交路终点站。 车站结构 車站出口 参考文献 维基数据存在坐标数据的页面 浦东新区地铁车站 2020年启用的铁路车站 2020年上海建立
Kroaldakhn is a village in Hazm Al Udayn District in the Ibb Governorate in Yemen. According to the census that was done by the government in Yemen in 2004, the village has a population of 28 residents. References Populated places in Ibb Governorate
The Dacia Pick-Up was a range of pick-up trucks manufactured by Romanian auto marque Dacia. The 31 years of production saw the manufacturing of a total of 318,969 vehicles. The Pick-up was the last of the Dacia models to be based on the Renault 12 that made up the majority of the Dacia model range since the late 1960s. In 2006, the line was discontinued and replaced by Dacia Logan Pick-Up. A popular name for this car is the "Papuc" (literally, slipper) due to its shape that resembles a slipper. History The Dacia Pick-Up was derived from the Dacia 1300 platform and was introduced in 1975. First known as the Dacia 1302, it was made in three series: the first, with straight rear wings and a small rear window; the second, with corrugated rear wings and a small rear window; and the third, with corrugated rear wings and a full-size rear window. In 1982, after the 1302 was dropped, the Dacia 1304 single-cab pick-up model was introduced, followed by the drop-side coupé utility in 1983, the 1307/1309 double cab models in 1992; the 1305, a front-wheel drive version of the pick-up model, in 1994, and a king cab model, in 1995. These model lines were a commercial success and were gradually facelifted and modified, along with the rest of the range, until December 2006. They were marketed bearing the new blue logo of the manufacturer after 2003. On the UK market, the Pick-Up was known as the One-Ton and, from November 1985, the Shifter. The vehicle was available with a number of different transmission styles including front wheel drive, rear wheel drive and 4x4. During its time in production, many types of engines were available to power the truck: a 1.3 litre, 1.4 litre, or 1.6 litre petrol engines or 1.9 litre Renault diesel engine. Versions Dacia 1302 – 2-door pick-up based on Dacia 1300 Pick-up Dacia 1304 Pick Up – 2-door pick-up based on Dacia 1310 Dacia 1304 King Cab – 2-door pick-up with extended cab Dacia 1304 Drop Side – 2-door pick-up with hinged panels Dacia 1307 Double Cab – 4-door pick-up with crew cab and long wheelbase Dacia 1309 – 4-door pick-up with short bed, based on Dacia 1310 Break Gallery Engines See also Dacia 1300 Dacia Logan Pick-Up References External links Photographs Other links Dacia Pick-Up – Short history and photos Dacia Vintage – Brochures gallery Gamma Cars of Romania Front-wheel-drive vehicles All-wheel-drive vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Pickup trucks 1980s cars 1990s cars 2000s cars Cars introduced in 1975
隆胸多少钱?有很多人觉得自己胸小,就想要隆胸,一般隆胸的材料经历了三种,如假体、奥美定和自体脂肪,其中奥美定已经被明令禁止,求美者注射后一旦有不适症状建议取出;另外,隆胸后悔出现多种并发症,如假体易位、包膜挛缩等,目前临床中解决隆胸失败较为常见的方法主要包括以下三种:假体取出、奥美定取出以及松解包膜挛缩。乳房假体的取出是针对患者提出的各种原因所致的有假体取出需求而进行的相关手术;奥美定的取出是通过在乳房表面制作切口,利用抽吸的方式将乳腺及脂肪各层次的奥美定取出;包膜挛缩属于隆胸后常见的并发症,如果程度较轻不建议取出,若包膜挛缩较为严重,引发胸部不适甚至影响胸部形态应立即取出,即通过手术方式将纤维包膜打开并视情况进行切除。隆胸的价格区间在5000-50000之间,一般一次手术即可,术后根据个人体质的不同进行7-10天的恢复期,效果一般较为满意。一般情况下隆胸的适用人群:1、感染无法控制需要进行乳房假体取出者。2、出现排异反应者,这种情况比较少见。3、对假体反应严重,包膜挛缩严重导致各种不适症状,如局部疼痛、发硬、变形、全身不适等。4、其它严重并发症医生认为应该取出者需要进行乳房假体取出。5、心理压力过重,担心假体对身体的危害而长久不安,已经影响正常生活需要进行乳房假体取出者。6、乳房假体老化,需要更换假体者。正常情况下一般隆胸之后要注意避免用力挤压乳房,睡姿要正确,女性的睡姿以仰卧为佳,尽量不要长期向一个方向侧卧,这样易挤压乳房,而俯卧则会加重假体负担;夫妻同房时,应尽量避免男方太用力挤压乳房,这些对于隆胸手术的效果影响都是很严重的。
Surkhang is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 651 people living in 130 individual households. References External links UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District Populated places in Mustang District
武寧陵中国北齐文宣帝陵墓,位于河北省磁县城关镇前湾漳村。墓高30米,直径150米。墓长52米,深12米,墓道呈斜坡形,南高北低,全长37米,上口宽4米,下底宽3.5米,北端深约9米。墓室高近13米,其四壁厚2.25米,由五层砖砌成。南北7.56米,东西7.4米,面积近56平方米。墓前存二石人,高4.06米。墓前神道长270米。墓于1987年被发掘,出土1805件陶俑,其中两件侍卫俑高1.5米。为磁县北朝墓中出土最大的两件。 注释 北朝皇家陵寝 邯郸墓葬 磁县 北齐建筑
科爾帕哈維拉河(Qullpa Jawira),是玻利維亞的河流,位於該國西部奧魯羅省的埃杜阿多阿瓦羅亞省,處於波波湖以東,發源自奇亞爾哈克山附近,最終在維拉科柳山以南注入卡奇馬尤河。 玻利維亞河流
The Sigma 24mm f/1.8 EX DG is wide-angle lens which features a fast f/1.8 maximum aperture for use in low-light situations, and macro focusing capability to a reproduction ratio of 1:2.7. It uses aspherical lens elements. Though intended for 35mm film and full-frame digital SLRs, this lens is available for several makes of APS-C digital SLR cameras, where the angle of view is similar to a moderate wide-angle lens (in the 35mm-40mm range, depending on the size of the D-SLR sensor). This lens is capable of macro photography, with minimum focusing down to 18 cm/7.1" (reproduction ratio 1:2.7). It incorporates a floating focus system in order to minimize distortion, spherical aberration and astigmatism, and provides high performance at all shooting distances. The high reproduction ratio and wide angle of view allow capturing high quality images not only of a subject but also the surrounding scenery. The Lens was introduced in 2001. References External links official page 024mm f/1.8 EX DG
Arthur Kenneth Chesterton (1 May 1899 – 16 August 1973) was a British far-right journalist and political activist. From 1933 to 1938, he was a member of the British Union of Fascists (BUF). Disillusioned with Oswald Mosley, he left the BUF in 1938. Chesterton established the League of Empire Loyalists in 1954, which merged with a short-lived British National Party in 1967 to become the National Front. He founded and edited the magazine Candour in 1954 as the successor of Truth, of which he had been co-editor. Biography Early life and education Arthur Kenneth Chesterton was born on 1 May 1899 in Krugersdorp, South African Republic, the son of Arthur George Chesterton (1871–1900), a secretary at the local gold mine, and Harriet Ethel Chesterton (née Down). He was the first cousin once removed of the author and poet G. K. Chesterton and the journalist Cecil Chesterton, his paternal grandfather being an older brother of G. K. and Cecil's father Edward. The young A. K. held his two cousins in high regard, seeing Cecil as his "exemplar". Just after the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899, Chesterton and his mother were sent to England. His father later died of pneumonia at 28 on his journey to join the family. In May 1902, after the end of the conflict, Chesterton returned to Krugersdorp with his paternal uncle and his mother. His mother soon married a Scottish mine administrator named George Horne, and the reconstituted family settled in Witwatersrand, near Johannesburg. In 1911, aged 12, Chesterton was sent again to England to live with his paternal grandfather in Herne Hill. He attended Dulwich College and Berkhamsted School, Hertfordshire, where he was a schoolmate of Ben Greene and Rex Tremlett. World War I In October 1915, Chesterton's mother and step-father visited him in England, and he persuaded them to bring him back to South Africa. Shortly after disembarking, Chesterton decided to join the army, but too young to enlist at 16, he falsified his age to enroll in the 5th South African Light Infantry in German East Africa. In his memoirs, Chesterton alluded to two battles against the Germans at Salaita Hill on 12 February 1916, and at Latema Nek on 11–12 March 1916. During a march in 1916, Chesterton collapsed from fever and was left on the roadside to die. He was eventually rescued by two African porters and sent home to his family in Johannesburg. After a period of convalescence, then aged 17, Chesterton decided to join the army again and went to Ireland to train as an officer with a cadet battalion. In August 1918, he received his commission as second lieutenant and was transferred to the 2/2 Battalion, City of London Regiment, Royal Fusiliers. Chesterton served over two years on the Western Front. At the end of the war, he was awarded the Military Cross for his actions during the battle of Épehy on 18–19 September 1918. Chesterton was at the head of a platoon reinforcing an assault against a German position near the village of Pezières in northern France. After the end of the war, Chesterton suffered from chronic symptoms of malaria and dysentery lingered from the East African campaign, and from permanent respiratory issues caused by a gas attack in Europe. Like many veterans, he developed an addiction to alcohol, punctuated by "nervous breakdowns" and episodes of "neurasthenia". Traumatised by trench warfare, Chesterton wrote that he had recurring nightmares of dead bodies and wrote that he began to experience the world as "one vast necropolis". Career as a journalist Shortly before his 21st birthday in 1919, Chesterton moved back to South Africa, where he worked as a journalist for The Johannesburg Star. In 1924 he returned to England and, under the tutelage of G. Wilson Knight, Chesterton developed a reputation as a Shakespearean critic. He secured a job as a journalist and festival critic at the Stratford-upon-Avon Herald, then as a public relation officer at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre. In 1928, he edited the short-lived monthly Shakespearean Review, where he developed his ideas about cultural decay. In 1929 Chesterton met his future wife, Doris Terry, a schoolteacher from Torquay. The couple married in 1933 and moved to Kingston upon Thames. Doris was a Fabian socialist and did not share her husband's later political views. Between 1929 and 1931, he worked as a journalist for the Torquay Times, and served as the chairman of the South Devon branch of the National Union of Journalists. In November 1933 Chesterton joined the British Union of Fascists (BUF) while still employed by the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, after being recruited by Rex Tremlett, his former schoolmate at Berkhamsted and then the editor of BUF's newspapers Fascist Week and The Blackshirt. British Union of Fascists Six months after joining the BUF, Chesterton was appointed officer-in-charge of Warwickshire and Staffordshire, and in April 1934 officer-in-charge of the "Midlands Area" for the party. Oswald Mosley, the leader of the BUF, later appointed him Director of Press Propaganda, a subsection of the BUF Propaganda Department, and in March 1935 to the BUF "Research Directory", the "inner circle" of the party's strategists. During the spring of 1935, Chesterton started to drink again. He was said to frequently arrive at BUF headquarters "in a drunken state", and some members began to call for his expulsion. In July, Blackshirt euphemistically reported that Chesterston was "having a well-deserved rest, on the strict orders of his doctor." Mosley eventually paid for Chesterton to be treated by a neurologist in Germany. Following his return to Britain in April 1937, Chesterton was appointed in June "Director of Publicity and Propaganda", and in August the editor of The Blackshirt. This position provided a pulpit for his increasingly "vituperative" anti-Semitic rhetoric, the magazine promoting The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as "the most astounding book ever published". Chesterton also wrote the officially sanctioned biography of Mosley entitled Oswald Mosley: Portrait of a Leader (1937), in fact a hagiography of Mosley in which Chesterton claims that the BUF leader had an "unconquerable spirit, with its grandeur of courage and resolve", closing the book with the salutation "Hail, Mosley, patriot, revolutionary and leader of men!" World War II In the late 1930s Chesterton became gradually disillusioned with the myth of "The Leader" and came to lose confidence in Mosley after 1937. On 18 March 1938, he resigned from the BUF; Mosley soon had his memory erased from the history of the party. The same year, Chesterton attended a meeting of the National Socialist League (NSL). The NSL published his pamphlet Why I left Mosley in 1938, although Chesterton never joined the organization. He became involved with the short-lived British Council against European Commitments (BCAE), an anti-Bolshevik movement which had emerged during the Munich crisis to resist war with Germany, and he contributed to Lord Lymington's journal New Pioneer. In June 1939, Chesterton established his own group, British Vigil. He regularly spoke at meetings of the Nordic League, and became involved with the Right Club, a secretive organization founded in May 1939 to consolidate existing right-wing British organizations into a unified body. Archibald Ramsay, founder of the Right Club, explained its ideology and purpose: "The main object of the Right Club was to oppose and expose the activities of Organized Jewry, in the light of the evidence which came into my possession in 1938. Our first objective was to clear the Conservative Party of Jewish influence, and the character of our membership and meetings were strictly in keeping with this objective." In 1939, at the outbreak of World War II, Chesterton re-enlisted in the British Army and served in Kenya and Somaliland. He relapsed into alcoholism and relinquished his commission on grounds of ill health in the spring of 1943. Upon his return to Britain, he set up the short-lived National Front after Victory (NF after V) and was involved with the relaunched British Peoples Party. Chesterton applied for work at the BBC, but MI5 intervened to ensure that he could not be employed. He found work in sub-editing at the Sheffield Evening Telegraph, but was forced to resign due to a bout of malaria. Afterwards, he worked for the Southport Guardian and the Liverpool Evening Express, and partly as a freelance journalist to supplement his living, including for The Weekly Review. In August 1943, the Daily Worker published an attack on Chesterton accusing him of treachery for his past association with William Joyce. Chesterton sued the Daily Worker and The Jewish Chronicle, which had repeated the accusation, for libel. The case was dropped for lack of funds, but Chesterton did manage to elicit an apology. In September 1944, he was appointed deputy editor of Truth. Post-war activism In February 1945 Chesterton helped establish the National Front, a coalition of underground minor fascist groups with policies including the safeguarding of a strong "national and Empire economy", preserving Christian traditions and finding "an honourable, just and lasting solution" to the "real Jewish problem". The movement was headed first by Collin Brooks then by Chesterton. From 1950 to 1958, Chesterton authored a reoccurring article titled "The International Situation" for every issue of The Journal of the Royal United Services Institution, nowadays often known as the RUSI Journal. Chesterton became literary advisor to Lord Beaverbrook, who offered him jobs at The Daily Express and the Evening Standard. Chesterton ghostwrote his autobiography Don't Trust To Luck (1954). In October 1953, whilst still in Beaverbrook's employ, Chesterton founded the magazine Candour, which is still published today, though increasingly erratically as of 2012. He has claimed that Beaverbrook sacked him upon learning of Candours existence; in fact, his contract expired in January 1954 and was not renewed. Following the collapse of the National Front due to infighting, Chesterton founded in 1954 the League of Empire Loyalists (LEL), a political pressure group which gathered many future far-right leaders the likes of Colin Jordan, John Bean, John Tyndall, or Martin Webster. The movement was publicly known in the 1950s for its political stunts, especially in interrupting Conservative conferences while chanting "Save the Empire" and "Tory Traitors". 1960s In July 1965, Chesterton published The New Unhappy Lords, a self-described study of the "power elites" which takes the form, in the words of scholar Graham Macklin, of an "elegantly written antisemitic tirade on the subversive and occult conspiracy against the British Empire, and Western civilisation in general, that he believed was striving behind the scenes to create a 'One-World' Jewish super-state." Following the demise of Nazi Germany for its "revolt against the Money Power", Chesterton argued that the British Empire and Commonwealth were then the decisive impediment to the global money-power conspiracy, mainly thanks to their system of Imperial preference. The book received damning reviews in the mainstream media, but it had sold in excess of 17,000 copies by June 1969. Along with Phyllis Schlafly's A Choice Not an Echo, published one year earlier, the book was one of the first to highlight the Bilderberg Group as a decisive actor in global conspiracy theories. After failing to make gains in the 1966 general election, Chesterton founded in February 1967 a second National Front (NF); he was elected the party's first chairman and remained its Policy Director until 1970. The National Front brought together the LEL and British National Party. A faction of the Racial Preservation Society decided to join them, but radicals and openly neo-Nazis figures like Jordan, Tyndall or Webster were excluded to avoid public backlash. In June 1967, however, Chesterton eventually welcomed Tyndall and members of the Greater Britain Movement (GBM) into the party. Later life and death At the end of his life, Chesterton became increasingly ill from the emphysema he had contracted in the gas attack during World War I, living part-time in his native South Africa. While Chesterton was holidaying in South Africa, a faction led by Gordon Brown—formerly of Tyndall's GBM—launched a leadership challenge against him. On realising that his support was weak, Chesterton resigned in 1970. Chesterton spent the remainder of his days editing Candour until his death from emphysema on 16 August 1973, aged 74. Views According to historian Richard Thurlow, Chesterton's "weird mixture of racism, ethnocentrism and conspiracy theory in its racial theory and its paternalism, monarchism (particularly reverence for Edward I who expelled the Jews), cultural pessimism, Social Darwinism and dialectical mode of argument in its political theory are more akin to patterns of thought prevalent in pre-Nazi German Conservatism than to any English equivalent." After the war, Chesterton repudiated fascism and resolutely denied accusations to the effect that he was pursuing a "neo-fascist" agenda. He toned down the antisemitic imagery of his pre-war writings, although the Jews remained at the centre of his conspiracy theories. Described as "far more parasitic and corrupt than any baby could conceive" in Blackshirt (1935), they were still "the principal promoters of the idea of integrating peoples of disparate racial stocks" in his 1965 book The New Unhappy Lords. Although he conceded in 1973 that "any competent Jewish writer can make a nonsense of attempts to prove their authenticity", Chesterton regarded The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a Tsarist antisemitic forgery, as a "masterly analysis of the weaknesses of Gentile society" in The New Happy Lord (1965). In his later life, he came to consider the use of crude antisemitism a "liability and a menace" to the nationalist movement. Chesterton launched in September 1970 a public attack on anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist Eustace Mullins in Candour, under the title "This man is dangerous". Influence John Tyndall, who established the British National Party (BNP) in 1982, has declared in 1971, "Without hesitation, what understanding I have of political affairs I have I owe much more to A.K. than any other person"; Tyndall kept on recommending Chesterton's writings until his death in July 2005. Martin Webster, the National Front national activities organiser from 1969 to 1983, stressed in 2009 the "tremendous impact" of the intellectual framework provided by Chesterton book The New Happy Lord "because it tied together the threads of what is happening, why and who's doing it". Chesterton was also a long-time friend of Revilo P. Oliver; they regularly wrote to each other until Chesterton's death in 1973. Works Chesterton's works (including some previously only published within Candour magazine) have been re-edited by the A. K. Chesterton Trust from 2013 onward. In 1945, Chesterton penned an anti-Labour satire under the pseudonym Caius Marcius Coriolanus, the name of Shakespeare's Roman tragedy, published by writer and British Housewives League member Dorothy Crisp.Books Adventures in Dramatic Appreciation (1931) Brave Enterprise: A History of the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon (1934) Creed of a Fascist Revolutionary (1935) Oswald Mosley: Portrait of a Leader (1937) Why I Left Mosley (1938) No Shelter for Morrison [a play]. London: Dorothy Crisp & Co., Ltd. (1945) Published under the pseudonym Caius Marcius Coriolanus. The Menace of the Money Power: An Analysis of World Government by Finance (1946) Alternative for Britain (1946) Juma the Great (1947) The Importance of Being Oswald (1947) The Tragedy of Anti-Semitism, with Joseph Leftwich (1948) Sound the Alarm! A Warning to the British Nations (1954) Stand By The Empire (1954) The Menace of World Government & Britain's Graveyard (1957) Tomorrow. A Plan for the British Future (1961) The New Unhappy Lords: An Exposure of Power Politics (1965) Common Market Suicide (1971) B.B.C.: A National Menace (1972) Facing the Abyss (posthumous; 1976) Fascism and the Press (posthumous; 2013)Articles British Union Quarterly, Vol. 1, No. 2, April/June 1937, pp. 45–54.Pamphlets Not Guilty: An Account of the Historic Race Relations Trial at Lewes Assizes in March 1968 (1968)Plays' Leopard Valley: A Play in Three Acts (1943) See also Candour – British far-right-wing magazine References Bibliography External links Works by A. K. Chesterton at HathiTrust Candour & A.K. Chesterton Trust official website Catalogue of the Papers and Correspondence of Arthur Kenneth Chesterton (1899-1973) at University of Bath 1899 births 1973 deaths British Army personnel of World War I London Regiment officers Royal Fusiliers officers South African military personnel Antisemitism in England English British Union of Fascist politicians Leaders of the National Front (UK) People educated at Berkhamsted School Recipients of the Military Cross South African Army officers British magazine founders South African military personnel of World War I
HD 50093,又名CD-25 3691,SAO 172420、HR 2544,是一颗恒星,视星等为6.33,位于銀經236.11,銀緯-11.61,其B1900.0坐标为赤經,赤緯。 参考文献 50093 2544 172420
布莱莱巴尔(,)是法国卢瓦雷省的一个市镇,位于该省西部,属于奥尔良区。 地理 ()面积,位于法国中央-卢瓦尔河谷大区卢瓦雷省,该省份为法国中北部省份,北起埃松省,西北接厄尔-卢瓦省,西南接卢瓦-谢尔省,南至涅夫勒省和谢尔省,东临约讷省,东北接塞纳-马恩省。 与接壤的市镇(或旧市镇、城区)包括:。 的时区为UTC+01:00、UTC+02:00(夏令时)。 行政 的邮政编码为,INSEE市镇编码为。 政治 所属的省级选区为。 人口 于时的人口数量为人。 参见 卢瓦雷省市镇列表 参考文献 b
荷包牡丹该如何栽培?荷包牡丹生长于温带较凉爽地区,喜阳光散射的半阴环境,较耐寒,怕高温暴晒,因此盛夏休眠期要置于通风良好的荫蔽处。喜湿润,但怕积水,因此要保持土壤半墒,过湿则烂根,过干则叶黄,而盛夏和冬季休眠期要保持土壤微润;喜多腐殖质的疏松肥沃中性或弱碱性土壤,而沙土和粘土也可生长,不过会生长不良;喜肥,宜施用少量有机肥或三元复合肥,花蕾显色后停肥,休眠期不施肥。可播种、扦插或分株繁殖,可在早春或深秋栽培。嫁接荷包牡丹可选用多年生芍药作砧木。虫害有蚜虫、蛞蝓、蜗牛和介壳虫,病害有叶斑病。荷包牡丹有数个栽培种,其中包括白花荷包牡丹以及英国栽培种“金心”。“金心”于1997年培育,特点是其嫩黄色的叶子在盛夏时会变为黄绿色。
按摩调理黄褐斑?操作方法:(1)按摩足太阳膀胱经,由足跟外上行,由上而下刺激5遍。在肝俞、肾俞、脾俞、三焦俞等穴位稍停片刻按揉之。(2)食指指压足小趾外束骨穴。每秒按一次,共按5-10次。(3)在背腰中线督脉部位、由上而下推擦5遍,再以背椎为中线,用手掌分别向左右两旁推擦10遍以上。注意事项:(1)积极治疗慢性消耗性疾病,根治发病因素。(2)怀孕后出现黄褐斑者,一般只做面部按摩,并应多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果,或产前产后服维生素C,每日一克,有抑制色素合成的作用。(3)保持心情舒畅,避免过多忧虑。
邵羲()原名孝义,字仲威,号蕙孙,后更名羲,浙江杭县人。清朝及中华民国法学家、政治人物。 生平 邵羲是清朝廪贡生,袭云骑尉世职。曾任上海南洋公学译书院东文译员,1906年上海预备立宪公会会员兼会刊编辑员。1910年,邵羲当选资政院浙江省民选议员,自1910年9月至1912年初在任。宣统三年(1911年)2月,他和方表、沈钧儒等人创办《法政杂志》。 1918年,邵羲逝世。 著作 邵羲 译,学校管理法问答,上海:商务印书馆,清光绪28年 邵羲 译,地文学问答,上海:商务印书馆,清光绪32年 邵羲 译,日本宪法解,上海:预备立宪公会编辑所 邵羲 编,十九世纪列国政治文编,教育世界社,清光绪29年 秦瑞玠、张家镇、汤一鹗、邵羲、孟森、孟昭常编,商法调查案理由书(第一编公司),上海:预备立宪公会编辑所,清宣统元年 邵羲 编,行政法总论,民国二年再版 邵羲、李光第编,行政法各论,民国二年再版 邵羲 编,刑事诉讼律释义,上海:中华书局,民国二年 邵羲 编,民律释义,上海:中华书局,民国八年 邵羲,论借外债筑路之利害,载 外交报1909年2月第232期 邵羲,论府厅州县自治,载 法政杂志1911年第5期 参考文献 X 杭州人 清朝法学家 中华民国法学家 资政院议员
伍并亚·温撒(),傣族,云南瑞丽人,上座部佛教高僧,中国人民政治协商会议第六、七、八、九届全国委员会委员。 生平 1929年,伍并亚·温撒生于勐卯姐东村(今属勐卯镇),1938年入姐东奘寺为僧,1951年受具足戒、晋升为比丘。1964年出走缅甸,到芒秀奘寺做住持,1981年作为缅甸掸邦木姐、姐南地区佛教界代表出席于缅甸首都仰光召开的全缅佛教会议,并任该地区佛教界负责人之一,辖70余所佛寺,曾是缅甸僧侣委员会的12名委员之一。1982年应邀主持姐勒金塔开光仪式。1983年4月,伍并亚·温撒返回中国,任喊沙奘寺住持。此后历任全国政协第六、七、八、九届委员,中国佛教协会理事、副会长、咨议委员会副主席,云南省佛教协会副会长,德宏傣族景颇族自治州佛教协会副会长、会长、名誉会长,瑞丽市佛教协会会长等职务。2002年10月18日,伍并亚·温撒因医治无效,在喊沙奘寺圆寂。同年12月举行追思法会,云南省佛教三大部派275位高僧为伍并亚诵经超度,数万群众为其送行。 参考文献 瑞丽人 傣族人 上座部佛教出家众 中国佛教协会常务理事 中国佛教协会副会长 第六屆全國政協委員 第七屆全國政協委員 第八屆全國政協委員 第九屆全國政協委員
Houshang Kargarnejad (, born 23 April 1945) is a retired Iranian heavyweight weightlifter who competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics. He won gold medals at the 1974 Asian Games and 1971 and 1977 Asian Championships. References 1945 births Living people Iranian male weightlifters Olympic weightlifters for Iran Weightlifters at the 1976 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1970 Asian Games Medalists at the 1974 Asian Games Asian Games gold medalists for Iran Asian Games bronze medalists for Iran Weightlifters at the 1970 Asian Games Weightlifters at the 1974 Asian Games Asian Games medalists in weightlifting 20th-century Iranian people Place of birth missing (living people)
伊朗電影()是指伊朗的電影和電影業。伊朗的藝術電影已經獲得了國際聲譽,現在享有全球流行。 與中國大陸一樣,伊朗也被譽為1990年代電影出口最好的國家之一。一些評論家現在將伊朗列為世界上最重要的國家電影,在藝術上具有重要意義,被邀请與過去幾十年的義大利新現實主義和類似運動進行比較。世界知名的奧地利電影製片人邁克爾·哈內克(Michael Haneke)和德國電影人維爾納·赫爾佐格(Werner Herzog)以及來自世界各地的許多電影評論家都讚揚了伊朗電影作為世界上最重要的藝術電影院之一。 電影文化 伊朗電影列表 參考資料
Atractus melas, the dark ground snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species can be found in Colombia. References Atractus Reptiles of Colombia Endemic fauna of Colombia Reptiles described in 1908 Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
输卵管粘连需要如何治疗好?输卵管粘连是一种常见的疾病,它最直接的影响就是生育问题,我们在出现了这样的情况后,一定要根据自己的病情进行合理的治疗。输卵管粘连治疗1、输卵管成形术:一般通过子宫输卵管碘油造影的结果,阻塞部位不一样,一般输卵管成形术主要分为四种:输卵管分离术,造口术以及阻塞部分切除端与端吻合术,还有就是输卵管宫角植人术等。2、药物治疗:用药物治疗是比较安全保守的治疗方法可以最大程度的保留输卵管的原因功能,使得出血和水肿的状况得到缓解,从而会抑制纤维组织发展,从而使得粘连溶解或者软化,进而接触粘连的情况。相对而言中医疗法会安全彻底一些。像中药妇炎丸就是中医里面非常专业的配方,通过杀菌消炎、活血化瘀祛除输卵管内的积液粘连等淤阻物质,让输卵管的功能逐步恢复,这样治疗的结果就会比较彻底,后续怀孕机率大。3、物理治疗:中药热敷是一种物理的疗法,利用湿热毛巾加上相应的药剂作外敷,这是临床上最为常用的热疗方法。主要作用的原理,能够改善局部的血液循环,从而促进炎症和瘀血的吸收,让药物经过局部吸收,从而消除细胞水肿,以便缓解粘连。输卵管粘连注意事项1、避免人流伤害:人工流产,会对子宫和输卵管造成严重的伤害,诱发输卵管堵塞。人流后,子宫内膜会被削弱变薄,这时候子宫内膜非常容易受到细菌和微生物侵害,造成盆腔炎、尿道炎、子宫内膜炎,继而引发输卵管堵塞。2、保持洁净卫生:要预防输卵管堵塞,前提就是注意自身的洁净卫生,每天都要进行生殖器部位的清洁,勤换内裤、毛巾、脸盆等,要和别人的分开来放,不然很容易造成多人交叉感染。3、合理搭配饮食起居:不良的生活、饮食习惯可能导致输卵管堵塞。平时多吃一些健康绿色水果和蔬菜,饮用一些绿茶,可以有效帮助洗刷体内油脂。此外,保持正常的休息时间以及适度的运动量,对于帮助改善输卵管堵塞有一定的效果。总之,只要自己选择第一时间去正规的医院检查治疗,听从医嘱,会慢慢恢复的。
Yeh Hui Na Mardon Wali Baat is a Pakistani Urdu film directed by Farjad Nabi and Mazhar Zaidi starring Resham, Raheel, Guriya and Munna. Plot Yeh hui na mardon wali baat or Now that's more like a man is the Pakistani contribution to a South Asian film project. It has taken a rather peculiar angle to look into the issue of masculinity. Though it's a film about men, there aren't any in it. The film looks at the issue through the eyes of women! The film is a juxtaposing of a series of interview clips of women from different backgrounds. The only common bond among them is that they all hail from Lahore. As these women talk about men in their capacities as brothers, husbands, fathers, lovers etc., a sort of profile of an ideal man emerges. What does the society these women come from, expect of a man? Background Yeh Hui Na Mardon Wali Baat is part of a South Asia wide project sponsored by Save the Children UK and UNICEF. In an attempt to explore the concept of masculinity in various cultures of the region, four filmmakers were commissioned from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal. These filmmakers tried to investigate different aspects of the issue in their respective environments and produced four different films. These films have been released jointly in Delhi, Dhaka, Kathamandu and Karachi in 1999 and have earned critical reviews across the region. Cast Resham Raheel Sheetal Usman Yasir Munna Guriya External links 2000s Urdu-language films Pakistani short films 2000 films Urdu-language Pakistani films 2000 short films
葡語系奧林匹克委員會總會(,簡稱葡語奧委會總會及ACOLOP)於2004年6月8日成立於里斯本,目的為加強各成員之間的團結,促進彼此之間的合作關係,並已獲得國際奧委會認可。 總會的創立實現了葡語社群的多年的夢想,並進一步加強了葡語社群之間的相互聯繫。為了真正地發揮聯誼作用,總會構思舉辦一個讓所有成員國家/地區都有機會參與的運動會,希望透過公平的體育競技,促進各國民族和諧,增進彼此友誼。舉辦運動會的目的不僅為了推動成員國的體育發展,同時葡語奧委會總會亦希望透過體育運動,推廣葡語地區的多元文化。 葡語奧委會總會成員 創會成員 創會非正式成員 非正式會員 準備加入 葡語奧委會總會總部 由於成立初期沒有定出總部的位置,而當時的總會主席是葡萄牙奧林匹克委員會主席慕勒擔任,於是「臨時總部」設於里斯本。 2007年,主席由澳門奧林匹克委員會第一副主席蕭威利擔任,於是「臨時總部」隨著蕭威利的擔任而遷至澳門的前澳門葡語系運動會組委會總部作為臨時總部;同年3月,正式確立澳門為葡語奧委會總會總部。 2013年,隨著慕勒再度出任總會主席,總部已遷至里斯本。 使命 於各成員國及地區內宣揚奧林匹克的理念; 使各成員國及地區在平等、相互尊重和致力維護共同利益的理念基礎下合作; 鼓勵各成員國及地區在擁有各自目標的條件下進行相互交流,並在擁有共同目標的基礎下合作; 培訓體育人材和舉辦運動員集訓活動; 在國際奧林匹克委員會的協助下 , 推動奧林匹克的團結互助計劃; 促進奧運會團長階層之間的合作; 共同遞交競逐國際奧林匹克活動架構職務的候選名單; 在各成員國及地區宣揚奧林匹克的理念; 葡語奧委會總會組織會議 於2004年6月8日成立於里斯本;慕勒(葡萄牙奧委會主席)獲選為主席、蕭威利(澳門奧委會第一副主席)獲選為副主席、江聖生(安哥拉奧委會主席)獲選為秘書長而艾歷格裏(聖多美和普林西比奧委會主席)獲選為監事會主席。 列席組成總會的國家和地區包括:葡萄牙、中國澳門、安哥拉、莫桑比克、佛得角、巴西、東帝汶、聖多美和普林西比、幾內亞比紹以及非正式成員赤道幾內亞。組織會議中更決議澳門舉辦第一屆葡語系運動會—2006年葡語系運動會。 歷屆主席 外部連結 葡語系奧林匹克委員會總會 葡語系運動會 国际体育组织 2004年葡萄牙建立
農嫩巴赫河(),是德國的河流,位於該國西部,處於北萊茵-威斯特法倫州,屬於阿爾河的右支流,河道全長7公里,流域面積10.9平方公里。 參考資料 Gewässerverzeichnis des Landesamtes für Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz NRW 2010 (XLS; 4,67 MB)(Hinweise) 德國河流
小孩发荨麻疹会自愈吗?荨麻疹在目前比较常见,很多孩子都得了这样的疾病,之所以会固定的出现在许多的年轻人和儿童身上,就是因为和免疫力是有关系的,因为成年人的年纪已经开始慢慢的增长,身体的抵抗力已经开始变强,小孩子是容易出现生病感冒的群体。小孩子的荨麻疹恢复的时间可是没有办法计算的,可能多数都会在一天之内好转,当然严重的话就需要接受有效的治疗才能健康的复原,而且荨麻疹能不能自己好还是要看类型的,一般皮肤病都不容易好转,不可能在不治疗的过程当中,自己会退下去,即便是这样恢复,可能也会引起下一次的发作,而且持续的时间会更长,引起的症状会更明显,给孩子带来的痛苦也会更大,一般容易自己好的荨麻疹是急性的荨麻疹,可能一天之内就会好转。但是普遍的荨麻疹疾病都是不容易恢复的,如果及早的治疗就可能在二到三天会好转,一般小孩子的荨麻疹大多数都是急性的,出现荨麻疹比较轻微的是皮肤瘙痒的症状,再加上身体有发热和轻微发烧的现象,但是比较严重的病情,可能会引起过敏性湿疹,甚至可能会引起咳嗽哮喘。荨麻疹自己好不了的可能会持续几天以上,如果说严重就会一个月以上。久而久之就会转化成慢性荨麻疹,所以家长千万不要觉得荨麻疹来得快,去得也快,不需要在意用药,反而会影响到孩子的身体健康和发育,结果一拖再拖就会导致病情加重,转化成慢性,还会让病情难以治愈。现在很多人对于皮肤方面的疾病,误会的以为很难治疗,在治疗方面会下很多的心思,在对待这些疾病方面,不管是小感冒还是皮肤疾病,我们都需要给孩子进行加强治疗,不用担心会影响孩子的身体发育,找专业的医生开药就可以了。
朝鲜前领导人金日成生前曾担任过许多职务并被冠以各种头衔。金日成于1994年逝世,但目前仍被称为共和國永遠的主席。当朝鲜媒体和出版物提及他时,多以“伟大领袖金日成同志”()或“领袖”()称之。如出版物提及其名、须放大加粗以示尊敬。例如: 官方头衔和职称 官方头衔 担任职务和职称 用于政治宣传的称谓 参见 持有头衔 朝鲜劳动党委员长 朝鲜劳动党总书记 朝鲜内阁总理 朝鲜国防委员会委员长 朝鲜人民军最高司令官 共和國永遠的主席 相关内容 金正日称谓列表 金正恩称谓列表 参考文献 金日成 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國宣傳
贲门癌术后能活多久?贲门癌的手术从总体上分为两种,第一种是根治性切除,第二种是姑息性的手术。术后的平均生存分一年、三年、五年、十年的生存期,大概分别是百分之六十、百分之三十、百分之十九和百分之九。根据患者的病理分型、身体状况以及对手术以及心肺功能的综合指标进行去评估,不好做出很严格的预判。贲门癌大家多少都是有些了解的,这种疾病对人体的伤害很大。一般是通过手术来治疗。那么,贲门癌术后能活多久呢?目前,手术治疗是贲门癌治疗的首选方式,大多数医生也会建议患者尽量在早期进行治疗。由于贲门癌的病理变化和特殊性,会影响到手术范围,患者手术后五年的生存率大概为20%。预后不是很理想。这个问题,主要取决于治疗方法的选择,手术治疗具有局限行,很容易导致癌症的复发或转移,中医中药治疗癌症具有较强的整体观念,从患者整体出发,实施辨证论治,既考虑了局部的治疗,又采取扶正培本的方法,中药中的抗癌成分能定向杀灭癌细胞,滋补成分能增强人体的免疫力,对于改善患者的局部症状和全身状况都具有重要的作用。中医治疗肿瘤具有整体性无副作用,中药中的抗癌成分能定向杀灭癌细胞,滋补成分能增强患者的免疫力,中药能减轻患者的全身症状,手术后配合中医治疗能明显降低癌症的复发率。在放化疗之后,用中医治疗可以降低放化疗的毒性,可以改善一些放化疗的不适症状,能够改善患者生活质量,延长生命。总的来说,这个问题,因人而异,得了贲门癌并不等于死亡,只要能够做到早期发现,并采取有效合理的治疗方案,是可以做到有效控制癌症的。
卵巢癌早期做手术能治愈吗?卵巢恶性肿瘤是女性生殖器官常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率仅次于子宫颈癌和子宫体癌。卵巢恶性肿瘤中以上皮癌最多见,其次是恶性生殖细胞肿瘤。其中卵巢上皮癌死亡率占各类妇科肿瘤的首位,对女性生命造成严重威胁。由于卵巢深居盆腔,体积小,缺乏典型症状,难以早期发现。卵巢上皮癌患者手术中发现肿瘤局限于卵巢的仅占不足30%,大多数已扩散到盆腹腔器官,所以早期诊断是一大难题。卵巢癌的常见症状:下腹坠胀、疼痛、不适感,腹围增加,月经紊乱,病变晚期可能出现体重减轻、乏力、贫血、大小便排便困难等转移扩散及全身衰竭的症状。妇科检查发现附件肿块。当卵巢肿瘤体积增大超出盆腔时,可能在下腹部触及肿块,膀胱充盈时易触及卵巢恶性肿瘤的病因仍不明确,可能与以下因素有关:①遗传因素,尤其是家族中有卵巢癌、乳腺癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌等患者时,亲属卵巢癌的发病风险可能增高。②内分泌因素,如初潮早、无生育史等。饮食建议:适当补充营养,热量,补给高蛋白、高维生素食物,忌辛辣,戒烟酒.既要注意适当补充营养,热量,补给高蛋白、高维生素食物,又要调理脾胃功能.食物选择方面除了牛奶、鸡蛋,一般病人要多食用新鲜蔬菜、水果.忌辛辣,戒烟酒.保持乐观开朗的精神状态有利于疾病的康复,生活规律,充足睡眠.卵巢癌和所有的恶性肿瘤一样,都容易复发和转移,但如果发现早期卵巢癌的话,是有治愈的可能,需要根据病情具体对待。卵巢癌早期做手术能治愈的。
服用注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白须注意的事项?1. 在同类品种的上市使用中发生了严重的感染(败血症、致死和危及生命的感染),因此,当医生发现患者有反复发作的感染史或者有易导致感染的潜伏疾病时,在考虑使用本品时应极为慎重。 2.在使用本品过程中患者出现上呼吸道反复感染或有其他明显感染倾向时,应及时到医院就诊,由医生根据具体情况指导治疗。 3.当发生严重感染如糖尿病继发感染,结核杆菌感染等时,患者应暂停使用本品。 4.在使用本品的过程中,应注意过敏反应的发生,包括血管性水肿、荨麻疹以及其他严重反应,因此,一旦出现过敏反应的发生,应立刻中止本品的治疗,并予适当处理。 5.由于TNF可调节炎症及细胞免疫反应,因此在使用本品时,应充分考虑到可能会影响患者的抗感染及恶性肿瘤的作用。 6.目前尚无接受本品的患者在接种活疫苗后造成传播感染的数据,但在使用本品期间不可接种活疫苗。 7. 在同类品种上市后报道中发现有可能导致充血性心衰的病人病情恶化,因此,对于有充血性心衰的患者在需要使用本品时应极为慎重。
小儿叶酸缺乏病的预防和治疗方法?1.防止孕妇、乳母叶酸缺乏 重视孕前、孕早期及乳母叶酸的供给,我国育龄妇女膳食叶酸摄入量平均266μg/d,如减去烹调损失,估计摄入量不足200μg/d。经研究证实,妇女于孕前1个月~孕早期3个月内每天增补400μg叶酸预防初发,可有效地降低我国出生缺陷高危人群中,神经管畸形的发病率,降低效果到85%;若口服4mg/d叶酸可预防神经管畸形再发。2.合理喂养 合理喂养婴儿,按时添加富含叶酸的食物。3.及时治疗诱发疾病 早期诊治诱发病因,如婴儿腹泻,急性感染,营养不良等,可在治疗过程中适量加叶酸,恢复期注意合理营养。4.适当补充叶酸。
Monochamus accri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Dillon and Dillon in 1959, originally under the genus Laertochamus. References accri Beetles described in 1959
帕爾馬索里亞諾是古巴的城鎮,属聖地亞哥省,距離首府圣地亚哥46公里,始建於1825年,面積846平方公里,海拔高度150米,2005年人口124,585。 外部連結 City webpage 古巴城市
《危險性遊戲》()是一部1999年美國青少年浪漫劇情片,由羅傑·高寶編劇並執導,莎拉·蜜雪兒·吉蘭、瑞恩·菲利普、麗絲·韋花絲潘和莎瑪·布萊兒主演。這部電影是對皮埃尔·肖代洛·德拉克洛1782年小說《危險關係》的現代重述,故事發生在紐約市富有的高中生之間。 本片最初是一部小成本獨立電影,後來被哥倫比亞影業公司收購並於1999年3月5日全国上映。儘管評論界褒貶不一,但吉蘭、菲利普和韋花絲潘的表演受到了讚揚,《危險性遊戲》自此在全球獲得了7600萬美元的票房收入。票房上的成功催生了2000年的前傳和2004年的續集,以及。 自上映以來,這部電影已被視為邪典电影。 剧情 在紐約市的一棟高檔豪宅中,富有、受歡迎且聰明的青少年凱瑟琳·默特伊與考德威爾夫人和她的女兒塞茜爾谈论她的私立學校,塞茜爾即將成為學校的新生。凱瑟琳向考德威爾夫人保證,她會照顧天真的塞茜爾。當凱瑟琳的繼弟塞巴斯蒂安·瓦爾蒙特進入房間時,考德威爾夫人對他反應冷淡,並與塞茜尔一起離開。 凱瑟琳告訴塞巴斯蒂安,她打算利用塞茜爾报复她的前男友考特·雷諾茲,因为他為了塞茜爾拋棄了她。凱瑟琳让塞巴斯蒂安这个臭名昭著的好色之徒去勾引塞茜爾,想要借此毀了她在考特眼中的形象。塞巴斯蒂安拒絕了,因為他打算勾引學校新任校長的處女女兒安妮特·哈格羅夫,她寫了一篇文章發表在《17》雜誌上,支持婚前貞潔。经过一番协商,他们达成了一个赌约:如果塞巴斯蒂安未能勾引安妮特,凱瑟琳將獲得塞巴斯蒂安的老式捷豹XK140车;如果他成功了,凱瑟琳就要和他發生性關係。 塞巴斯蒂安第一次引誘安妮特的嘗試失敗了,因為她顯然已經知道他的名聲。塞巴斯蒂安最初懷疑格雷格,他是安妮特來自堪薩斯州的朋友,一位受歡迎的足球運動員,也是未出櫃的同性戀者。塞巴斯蒂安用格雷格和出櫃的同性戀朋友在床上的照片來敲詐他,逼迫他向安妮特說好話。塞巴斯蒂安后来發現是考德威爾夫人把他的为人告诉了安妮特。塞巴斯蒂安最終同意引诱塞茜爾作為報復。與此同時,塞茜爾向凱瑟琳吐露了她與音樂老師羅納德·克利福德的戀情。凱瑟琳向考德威爾夫人透露了此事,考德威爾夫人命令塞茜爾結束這段關係,但這只是因為羅納德是黑人。塞巴斯蒂安聲稱他有一封羅納德寫給塞茜爾的信,引誘她到他家。然後他把塞茜爾灌醉,要挟她允许他为她口交。第二天,塞茜爾向凱瑟琳吐露心聲,凱瑟琳建議她盡可能地放蕩滥交,以學習如何取悅羅納德。 塞巴斯蒂安開始真正愛上安妮特,安妮特也回應了他的感情,但仍然猶豫不決。塞巴斯蒂安稱她為偽君子,因为她虽然聲稱自己在等待真愛,但卻拒絕了眼下这个真愛的機會。安妮特終於心軟了,但塞巴斯蒂安對自己的感情感到困惑,又拒絕了她。安妮特逃到她朋友父母的莊園。塞巴斯蒂安找到了她,表達了他的感情,然後他們做愛了。 在塞巴斯蒂安贏得“賭注”後,凱瑟琳向塞巴斯蒂安要求做爱,但塞巴斯蒂安拒絕了她,他現在只想要安妮特。塞巴斯蒂安告訴凱瑟琳,他打算告訴安妮特他爱她,但妒火中烧的凱瑟琳警告他,這樣做會毀掉他和安妮特的聲譽。于是塞巴斯蒂安對安妮特撒謊,聲稱她只是一個獵物,他對她沒有真正的感情。安妮特傷心欲絕,讓他離開。塞巴斯蒂安回来告訴凱瑟琳,他已經與安妮特分手了,現在想要得到贏得打賭的獎勵。这时凱瑟琳透露,她計劃的真正目標是他,而不是安妮特,是她操纵他抛弃第一次真正爱上的女生安妮特,供自己消遣。然後她把他打發走,告訴他她不會和“失敗者”睡覺。 塞巴斯蒂安想要聯繫安妮特坦白真相並請求第二次機會,但她拒絕見他。他給了她他的日記,其中詳細描述了凱瑟琳的操縱計劃、他們的賭注以及他對安妮特的真實感情。為了报复,凱瑟琳打電話給羅納德,聲稱塞巴斯蒂安傷害了她並與塞茜爾上床了。羅納德與塞巴斯蒂安在街上打了一架,安妮特赶来劝架,但被摔到車流中。塞巴斯蒂安把她推开,自己被出租車撞死了。塞巴斯蒂安和安妮特在他死前承認了彼此的愛。 在塞巴斯蒂安的葬禮上,凱瑟琳發表了悼詞,但人們中途開始離開。凱瑟琳衝到外面,發現塞茜爾正在分發塞巴斯蒂安的日記。隨著凱瑟琳的操縱和吸毒的細節被公之於眾,她的聲譽最終被毀。尤其是在发现她念珠的十字架上藏着可卡因之后,镜头暗示校长将把她开除出校。在最後一幕中,安妮特開著塞巴斯蒂安的車離開,身邊放著他的日記,回憶起他們在一起最美好的時光。 演员 莎拉·蜜雪兒·吉蘭 饰 瑞恩·菲利普 饰 塞巴斯蒂安·瓦尔蒙特 麗絲·韋花絲潘 饰 安妮特·哈格罗夫 莎瑪·布萊兒 饰 塞茜尔·考德威尔 露易絲·弗萊徹 饰 海伦·罗斯蒙德 約書亞·傑克遜 饰 布莱恩·塔特尔 艾力·馬比烏斯 饰 格雷格·麦康奈尔 饰 罗纳德·克利福德 斯伍茜·库尔茨 饰 雷吉娜·戈林鲍姆医生 克莉絲汀·巴倫絲基 饰 邦尼·考德威尔 饰 护士 饰 迈克拉克太太 泰拉·蕾 饰 玛尔西·戈林鲍姆 姚志丽 饰 梅-李 饰 休格曼太太 饰 哈格罗夫校長 查理·奧康內爾 饰 考特·雷諾茲 饰 咪錶女警察 参考资料 外部链接 兄弟姊妹題材電影 改编成舞台剧的电影 法国小说改编电影 爱情小说改编电影 曼哈頓背景電影 洛杉矶取景电影 紐約市取景電影 多倫多取景電影 亂倫題材電影 Original Film電影 1999年美國電影作品
Iara, also spelled Uiara, Yara or Hiara (, , , , ) or Mãe das Águas (, "mother of the waters"), is a figure from Brazilian mythology based on the ancient Tupi and Guaraní mythology. The word derives from Old Tupi yîara = y ("water") + îara ("lord; lady") = "lady of the lake" (water queen). Depending on the oral tradition and the context of the story, she can be seen either as a water nymph, a siren, or a beautiful mermaid that lives in the Amazon River. Overview According to the oral tale, Iara is a beautiful young woman, sometimes described as having green hair, light brown or copper-colored skin (as that of an Indigenous Amerindian from Brazil, or of a ) and brown eyes, with a tail similar as a freshwater river dolphin, manatee or fish body (the Tupi word y did not have a distinct meaning, being used in general for any riverine or freshwater lacustrine place) who would sit on a rock by the river combing her hair or dozing under the sun. When she felt a man around she would start to sing gently to lure him. Once under the spell of the Iara a man would leave anything to live with her underwater forever, due to the fact that she was pretty and would cater for all the needs of her lover for the rest of his life. Other versions indicate that she slew the men and drowned them. According to the oral tradition of Brazilian folklore, Iara was a beautiful young indigenous woman in a tribe of patriarchal customs, who developed a talent for warfare and gaining admiration from all of her tribe and respect from her father, the chief of the tribe, but stirred up the envy of her brothers, who decided to sabotage her by murdering her during the night. The legend says Iara knew how to defend herself from the attacks of her brothers and accidentally killed them. Discovered by her father, she took refuge in the woods but was captured and punished for the murders of her brothers by being drowned in the river (some versions orals claim they killed her and dumped her body in the river, blaming the night goddess, Jaci, for her disappearance). Turned into a mermaid upon being saved by the nearby fish on the night of a full moon or by Jaci in some versions, she decided to take revenge on all men by seducing them and drowning them in the river. According to some folkloric accounts, those who survive end up going crazy, or survive with teeth marks on their neck.Aspects of the legend It is often claimed that, until the 18th century, the Iara legend did not pertain to the image of a seducing, docile river mermaid. Instead, it was originally about an aggressive and monstrous river merman known as Ipupiara ("freshwater monster"), which would readily devour fishers. Iara is immortal (like the nymphs of Greek mythology), but many of her lovers do age or die. It means that the Iara is condemned to live most of eternity alone. The legend of the Iara was one of the usual explanations for the disappearance of those who ventured alone in the jungle. In Latin American mythology The Iara is similar in nature to several other female figures of folklore from other regions such as La Llorona from Mexico and the Southwestern United States, the Colombian creatures La Patasola and the Tunda and the Deer Woman of North America. All are females who at times function as sirens leading men to their death. This physical deformity marking an otherwise perfect woman is a common theme among siren figures in the Americas but it is usually one of the feet. Deer Woman has hooves for feet, La Patasola and the Tunda have deformed feet and La Llorona is often said to have no feet by those who see her. Adaptations Andrew Lang wrote an adaptation of the legend of Yara in The Brown Fairy Book. American naturalist Herbert Huntingdon Smith recorded a version of the legend of Yara, which he titled Oiará, The Water-Maidens. Legacy and influence Iara (or Yara) is a very popular female name in Brazil. In modern media In the film version of the novel Macunaíma (1969), the eponymous protagonist meets his death at the hands of an Iara. He embraces her eagerly and sees too late the blow hole in the back of her neck that gives her away as the creature she is and not the beautiful woman he mistook her for. In 2021 Brazilian supernatural TV series, Invisible City, the protagonist meets an Iara but survives her drowning attempts. She tells him that she became an Iara after her lover killed and drowned her in a river, but she was resurrected. In the 2021 DC Comics' Wonder Girl comic book starring the future Brazilian Wonder Woman, Yara Flor, Iara was a great Brazilian warrior who was later transformed into a mermaid-like divine being as the protector of the sacred waters. It was she who bestowed on Yara Flor her characteristic weapon of power, the Golden Boleadoras. Iara appears in AdventureQuest Worlds. It was mentioned that Iara was knocked off the cliff into the river during a family scuffle and was turned into a mermaid by nature itself. In Love, Death & Robots season 3 (2022), episode 9 "Jibaro", a deaf warrior meets an Iara who lures his comrades with her screams, causing them to enter a dancing frenzy, rushing to her to ultimately drown in the lake. Iara is a minor antagonist in the TV series adaptation of Beastmaster, presenting as a siren who appears as a beautiful woman but it’s only an illusion as she is really a water snake. She always kills the warriors she loves and she spends her story arcs trying to make Dar her latest love/victim. See also La Llorona'': similar supernatural creature from Native Mexican folklore Siren Mermaid Undine Nixie Tupi people Notes Further reading http://revistas.unisinos.br/index.php/fronteiras/article/view/fem.2015.172.10 Sá, Lúcia, Maria Ignez França, and Lemos, Rafaella. "Macunaíma (1928)." In Literatura Da Floresta: Textos Amazônicos E Cultura Latino-americana, 79-120. Rio De Janeiro: SciELO – EDUERJ, 2004. Mermaids Brazilian legendary creatures Tupí legendary creatures Guaraní legendary creatures Brazilian folklore Supernatural legends Water spirits Women warriors
麻醉学是什么??麻醉学,是一门运用药物和其他方法,来令病人对手术、医用诊断或治疗手段失去知觉的医学科目,目的在降低或避免病人不适甚至痛苦。
胃神经衰弱症状有哪些?胃神经衰弱称为胃神经官能症或胃神经症,是一组胃肠综合征的总称,是以胃肠运动和分泌功能紊乱,而无器质性病变为特征的综合征,可表现为神经性呕吐、神经性嗳气和神经性厌食等。多与肠神经官能症并见合称胃肠神经官能症。本病的发病率较高,多见于青壮年,以女性居多。本病的治疗先要解除各种思想顾虑,提高治病信心。建立起有规律的生活习惯,加强体育锻炼有助于疾病的恢复。宜选用富有营养、无刺激、易于消化的食物。胃神经衰弱的病因以精神因素为起因,以神经失调为病理,而以胃的功能紊乱为主要表现。经研究证实,精神因素致病以植物性神经失调及内分泌失调的变化作为生理基础。神经因素的致病作用,一方面取决于精神因素的性质和强度,另一方面取决于该类因素对个体引起的情感体验。即使同一因素在不同个体引起的情感体验也存在很大差异,这种差异与个体素质、既往经历以及患者的世界观有关机时这些精神因素均可影响高级神经的正常活动,导致胃神经节的兴奋与抑制作用失调,引起胃的运动、消化、分泌等功能障碍,而出现诸端症状。胃神经衰弱的症状因本病起病大多缓慢,病程可积年累月,发病呈持续性或反复发作。常见的临床类型有:神经性呕吐、神经性嗳气、神经性厌食等。临床表现以胃部症状为主,患者常常会有反酸、嗳气、厌食、恶心、呕吐、剑突下灼热感、食后饱胀、上腹不适或疼痛,可同时伴有神经官能症的其他常见症状如倦怠、健忘、头痛、心悸、胸闷、盗汗、遗精和忧虑等。
上熊属(学名:Plionarctos)是一种灭绝的熊属,生存于北美洲的中新世至上新世期间,约1000万至330万年前,存在了大约700万年。 印度熊属(Indarctos )(约1070万至920万年前)比上熊属晚出现了几千年,与该熊物种共存并共享了它的栖息地。上熊属先于并与Tremarctos floridanus(约490万年前至11000年前)共存,并共享其栖息地。上熊属是短面熊亚科(Tremarctinae)中已知最古老的属,被认为是这个支系的祖先。 化石分布 地点和标本年龄: 法国普罗旺斯雷托诺岛砾岩,大约在800,000至100,000年前 美国佛罗里达州波尔克县Fort Green Mine古生物学遗址,大约在1030万至490万年前 美国华盛顿州亚当斯县Taunton遗址(P. harroldorum),大约在490万至180万年前(Plionarctos harroldorum) 美国印第安纳州格兰特县Pipe Creek Sinkhole(P. edensis),大约在1030万至180万年前 美国佛罗里达州波尔克县Palmetto Mine,大约在790万至780万年前 美国田纳西州华盛顿县Gray Fossil Site,大约在7,000,000至4,500,000年前 参见 眼镜熊亚科 参考资料 熊科 眼镜熊亚科
冥界,在希臘神話中,是人類在死後的靈魂所去的另一個世界,在冥界生活的神和靈魂統稱克托尼俄斯。类似于中國民間信仰中的陰間,此处也是古希臘人原有的的信仰內涵。當人的生命結束後靈魂會脫離軀體,但依然採取著生前的模樣,並且被送到通往至冥府的入口。 關於冥府的描述是祂位在大洋的邊界或者是地底下的最深處或者是大地的盡頭。它與奧林匹斯山的光輝明亮相對照之下這裡是被認定為幽闇之處,並且是亡者國度,那裡是與神之國度相對應的世界。冥府對於活著的人而言是無形與看不見的空間,並且祂是獨自為死者所設立的。 冥王普西芬妮被古希臘人認為是與冥界關係最為密切的神祇,儘管在奧林帕斯眾神興起之前冥界就已經存在著;但是根據《希臘神話》所述:當克洛諾斯的子女們(奧林帕斯眾神)起來反抗祂以及其他的泰坦時,眾神在經過了激烈泰坦之戰後,宇宙權力便重新劃分,宙斯轄管天界與大地;波塞冬轄管世界所有的水域、海洋;普西芬妮被分配到轄管冥界、來世,所以英文語境裡常常可以發現到Underworld(冥界),這一個事實承認了普西芬妮在冥界的權力與重要性是無可取代的。 宗教信仰 古希臘相信人死後的亡靈會通往冥界(或陰間)。通常而論,除非在正式且合乎體統的葬禮儀式完成之後,否則亡者的靈魂絕不會抵達冥界,便因此會作為幽靈般常常在縈繞飄盪著。冥界有各種不同的景象,並且會隨著時間的推移冥界觀點也跟著改變。另一方面,古希臘的墓葬揭示出當時人們的生活以及他們相信在他們死後其自身的靈魂會引渡到冥界的相關信息。 冥界旅程 希臘人相信在人死後,靈魂會經歷一個旅程而來到一個稱為冥府的地方。他們相信亡靈在這過程所發生的如下情況: 一、首先,死亡之神塔納托斯將會降臨,祂會從死者的頭上剪下一綹頭髮,作為該死者已死之憑證。 二、然後,眾神使者赫耳墨斯,祂會引渡亡靈進入斯堤克斯河。 三、如果該死者有過正式葬禮,冥界擺渡者卡戎將會運載亡靈渡河。 四、到達河岸邊之後,亡靈將遇到地獄三頭犬刻耳柏洛斯,牠是負責冥界的守衛。牠的工作是阻止亡靈離開陰間並且返回生人的世界去。 五、渡過河後,亡靈將會離開渡口並且步行到一個名為水仙平原之處,那裡的人忘記了他們前世生活的所有記憶。 六、然後在一個岔路口上,法官將決定靈魂往哪裡遣送:善良且道德正直的人將允許進入至福樂土(一個陽光永遠照耀,並且舒適的地方);但在世為惡者則必須打入地獄(塔耳塔羅斯)接受嚴厲懲罰;而當冥府法官無法審定者,靈魂則被送往水仙平原。 在地獄中,只要是褻瀆神明者必遭受嚴重的懲罰。此處是一幽暗空間,設想其處在要遠遠低於大地的空間,好比從天界到大地般的距離。希臘神話中講述了人生命結束後,在地獄時的情形之故事: 一、薛西弗斯,他在地獄那裡頻頻的推著沉重的大石頭上山,而其石頭又從山陵上滾回原處,他必須不斷重複這些動作。 二、飢餓的坦塔洛斯,他處在接近佈滿美味食物的地方,但是永遠拿不到這些食物。 古希臘葬禮儀式 在古希臘時代的人一旦辭世,祂的遺體將會被清洗乾淨。其家屬會將一枚硬幣放置在死者他們的口中,這是要支付冥界擺渡者卡戎將亡靈在冥界不同處渡過冥河的船資。 地理形勢 冥河 此處主要有五條冥河。祂們是在真實世界與冥界之間(在希臘神話中)都是明顯可見的河流。祂們的名字的意思旨在表達著與死亡相關的情緒。 斯堤克斯河(Styx,意譯:怒河、守誓河)是廣泛的被認為是冥界最顯著的一條中心冥界之河並且也是所有冥河中廣為人所熟知的一條河流。祂被稱為仇恨河以及名字因為斯堤克斯女神而來。據說此河圍繞冥界七次。 阿刻戎河(Acheron,意譯:怨河、苦惱河)這是一條痛苦之河。根據歐里庇得斯所述,這條河有一位卡戎,或稱為擺渡者,於渡船上載著亡者穿越過斯堤克斯河進入冥府(Hades)。 勒忒河(Lethe,意譯:忘川、遺忘河)即為一條遺忘之河。他是與裡忒女神,或是忘卻遺忘女神有關的冥河。 弗萊格桑河(Phlegethon,意譯:火河、火焰之河、熔岩之河)是一條充斥火焰河流。根據柏拉圖所述,這條河是引導向地獄的深淵。 克塞特斯河(Cocytus,意譯:悲河、悲嘆河)這是一條哀嚎的河流。 冥界入口 地獄(或音譯為塔耳塔羅斯) 地獄即塔耳塔羅斯,是古希腊神话中的原始神之一,亦被描绘为一處幽幽的深淵,專門做為给邪惡之人折磨和痛苦的地牢以及提坦族的監獄。 此处不認為是直接屬於冥界的一部份,祂是被描述位於由天界至塵世到冥界以降的遙遠下方之處。此處相當黑暗無光,是個無窮的折磨空間;古希臘關於地獄是如同潮濕且陰鬱愁苦的坑洞,周圍有青銅的牆垣圍繞著,並且在遠處還有三層黑夜所籠罩。那裡主要是以在塵世間違犯宗教上與道德上罪愆的極惡之人必須在此因他們在生前的所做所為接受懲治,尤其是褻瀆神明的罪人必到地獄受懲。 根據詩人赫西俄德的描述,一個青銅砧從天空落至地面需要九天九夜的時間,因此連一個客體從地面到地獄也是相同的時間量。 刑罰曠野 刑罰曠野(Fields of Punishment)乃是做為懲處在人世間製造大破壞與邪惡罪行的人所提供的一個空間,特別懲治那些對於神明不敬之罪人。 水仙平原 水仙平原(Fields of Asphodel)是屬於那些沒有犯上任何顯著重大罪過的普通或者是平凡之靈魂的空間,然而同樣的他們也沒有實行任何高尚偉大或是受人們讚譽之功績來保證他們可以被允許前往至福樂土。那處是平凡靈魂的地方,不屬於冥界任何場域。 哀悼原野 在《埃涅阿斯紀》中紀載,哀悼原野(Mourning Fields or Lugentes Campi,漢譯名稱還有:哀悼之地、哀悼场、哀伤的原野、伤心之原)是冥界中為那些在世間因單相思、遭受到殘酷的愛情無法放下,進而戕害自己生命的靈魂所保留的一個場域,在此處那些亡靈漫步在看不到的路徑上,或者是在黑暗陰鬱的桃金孃樹林中徘徊著:即使處在死亡中,他們依然沒有忘卻很久以前的悲傷。而維吉爾此書提到關於此處所駐留的亡靈有:狄多(Dido)、淮德拉(Phaedra)、(Procris)、(Eriphyle)、帕西淮(Pasiphaë)、(Evadne)、(Laodamia),還有(Caeneus)。 至福樂土(音譯為埃律西翁) 至福樂土,在英文的文獻中有使用Elysium,並且英文也常常名之為Elysian Fields或者Elysian Plain。希臘神話中,Elysium最初就是表示樂土的意思,這樂土的宗教觀是傳自米諾斯宗教(Minoan religion)。至福樂土是特別為了在世間擁有優秀、卓越表現之人所屬的空間。祂是由冥界判官拉達曼迪斯所管轄得,還有居住於此的靈魂他們擁有一個個安祥且悠閒的來生加上毋須勞役。這裡唯有半神、英雄和道德崇高的人才被准許進入的境界。 從荷馬的著作中的描述,至福樂土是一個完美又幸福的國度,祂位於大地的盡頭,在大洋河(或譯為俄刻阿諾斯河)的河岸。 神佑群嶼(或譯為幸福諸島) (Isles of the Blessed)是位於至福樂土範圍內的小群島。 冥界神靈 黑帝斯 又稱哈迪斯、哈得斯,提坦神克洛諾斯與瑞亞的長子;前天帝宙斯的兄長,祂乃是前冥界之中的希臘神明,也就是前冥王。 泊瑟芬 泊瑟芬被認為是女冥王,因為祂的名字意思其為具有著希臘字根的“殺害(killing)”以及-phone在祂的名字中是意味著“處死(putting to death)”。 黑卡蒂 黑卡蒂是與十字路口、入口通道、犬類、燈光、月亮、魔法、巫術、草藥和有毒植物的知識、招魂術,以及妖術有著不同的關聯。 厄里倪厄斯 厄里倪厄斯(也稱為孚里斯)是與亡者靈魂以及針對世界的自然秩序進行罪愆索報有關連的三位女神。祂們三位女神包含了阿萊克托、墨蓋拉,以及提西福涅。 他們是特別關注著世間子女對於他們的父母所犯下的罪行,像是弒母、弑父,以及忤逆的行為。祂們能夠對在世的殺人犯令其造成瘋狂,或者如果有一個國家、城邦窩藏著這樣的罪犯,厄里倪厄斯將會給這國家造成飢荒和疾病。厄里倪厄斯是讓陽世之人所畏懼著乃因為祂們體現出蒙受冤屈、被委屈、被伤害人士們對於違法犯罪者進行索報。通常希臘人會對厄里倪厄斯舉行“撫慰的奠祭(soothing libations)”以安撫祂們乃為了不引起厄里倪厄斯的憤怒,並且總的來說厄里倪厄斯收受了比其他冥界的神祇更多的奠祭和祭品。厄里倪厄斯是被(古希臘人)描繪成醜陋和擁有雙翼的婦女連同祂們的身體纏繞著蛇。 赫耳墨斯 雖然赫耳墨斯本來就不是居住在冥界並且通常不與冥界相關聯,但祂是把亡者的靈魂帶到冥界的使者。在這層意義上,祂還被稱為赫耳墨斯·(Hermes Psychopompos)並攜帶著他公平的黃金杖,祂能夠引導著亡者到達他們新的歸宿(冥府)。祂也受著垂死之人所呼喚著來協助他們逝去-有些人呼喚著祂來到取得無痛的逝去或者是能夠死於他們認為他們將要往生的時間和地點。 冥界的審判法官 米諾斯、拉達曼迪斯,以及艾亞哥斯為亡者的審判官。祂們審判著已故之人生前的所作所為並且創造出治理冥界的法律。然而,毫無任何法律為死者的靈魂提供了純粹的正義,並且死者沒有獲得遵循著祂們的獎勵、酬報或者是懲罰放蕩的行為。 艾亞哥斯是冥界之鑰的守護者以及歐洲地區之人的審判官。拉達曼迪斯為至福樂土的君主以及亞洲地區之人的審判官。米諾斯為最終表決的審判官。 卡戎 卡戎是冥界中冥河擺渡者,在從赫耳墨斯手上接收亡靈之後,祂將會帶領他們橫渡斯堤克斯河以及阿刻戎河兩條冥河而抵達冥界。還有在古希臘的葬禮儀式上,已故之人在當時傳統上其遺體會有一枚(obol)被放置於他們的眼睛或者是他們的舌頭下,如此亡靈他們就可以支付卡戎作為帶著他們橫渡冥河的船資。這個宗教觀傳到伊特拉斯坎民族時,卡戎被認為是可怕的冥河擺渡者-祂揮起著一把錘子並且是鷹鉤鼻、有鬍鬚,以及具有動物的耳朵跟牙齒。在其他早期希臘文的描述中,卡戎僅僅被認為是一名醜陋有鬍鬚伴隨著頭戴圓錐形帽子與身披長袍的男性(冥河擺渡者)。到后来,在更現代的希臘民間傳說之中,祂(卡戎)被認為更加的像天使一般。然而,卡戎依然被認為是可怕的冥河擺渡者,因為祂的職責是帶領者亡靈們抵達冥界,也因此並沒有任何人能夠說服祂把亡靈遣送回陽間。 刻耳柏洛斯 刻耳柏洛斯,或者稱為“地獄獵犬”,乃是黑帝斯魁偉的多頭(通常是三個頭)犬,關於有些描述是說牠也有一個蛇頭的尾巴以及許多蛇頭位在牠的脊背並且作為牠的鬃毛。乃由厄客德娜和堤豐所生,刻耳柏洛斯是擔任著冥界入口大門的守衛。刻耳柏洛斯的職責是防止已故之人從冥界逃離開來。 赫拉克勒斯曾經一度向黑帝斯借出刻耳柏洛斯作為之最後任務。俄耳甫斯曾經一度以他優雅的音樂令刻耳柏洛斯平靜地睡著了。 塔納托斯 塔納托斯是死亡的擬人化。祂守衛著死亡之門。 墨利诺厄 是屬於地府的寧芙援引在《》的一個篇章中並且慰抚著正產生了夢魘和精神錯亂的人。祂也可能是從安納托利亞少數幾個銘文中提到過的神靈,以及祂是出現在與珀耳塞福涅相關聯的青銅片上。關於這部神聖的奧菲斯讚美詩,在學術上無法追溯確定著作的日期但是可能是撰寫於西元二世紀或西元三世紀,乃是名為俄耳甫斯教的秘密宗教的(Orphism)聖儀的典籍。在這部奧菲斯讚美詩之中,墨利诺厄的特質看起來類似於赫卡忒以及厄里倪厄斯,並且這名稱有時被認為是赫卡忒的一個。在希臘的詩歌之中的表述上墨利诺厄是被描述為典型的月亮女神。 倪克斯 倪克斯是一尊黑夜女神。 艾柯呂斯 艾柯呂斯是苦難和悲傷之象徵的女神,有一說她是倪克斯的女兒。 斯堤克斯 斯堤克斯是與其中一條冥河(斯堤克斯河)同名的女神。有關祂紀載的神話傳說並不多,但是祂居住在冥界。 歐羅尼穆斯 是冥界的代蒙之一,祂專門吃掉所有眾生的屍體,並且只留下他們的骨頭。 神話和故事 俄耳甫斯 俄耳甫斯,乃是一位幾乎擁有超自然能力的詩人與音樂家,他的音樂能令任何人深深受到感動,作為一名在世的阳人降臨於冥界來挽回他已逝的妻子歐律狄刻,歐律狄刻是在她與奧菲斯的婚禮上遭到毒蛇所噬咬之後而亡故,之後他以琴弦技巧和歌聲說服珀耳塞福涅允許讓他和他的妻子回到陽世 ,但必須遵循一個條件——「奧菲斯不能在離開冥界的過程中轉過身來看在他後方的歐律狄刻」,然而當奧菲斯要抵達陽世入口時,他便高興的轉過身渴望看看他美麗的妻子,結果只有看到她的妻子隱約消失地退回冥界之中,他也被禁止再一次的回到冥界,最後他傾盡生命向鳥類與山脈演奏著他的音樂。 註釋 相關條目 輪迴 (古希臘) 俄耳甫斯教 至福樂土 塔耳塔罗斯 參考書目 Albinus, Lars (2000). The House of Hades: Studies in Ancient Greek Eschatology. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press. Buxton, R (2004). The complete World of Greek Mythology. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd. Camus, Albert. "The Myth of Sisyphus" . Retrieved 3 December 2012. Fairbanks, Arthur (1900). "The Chthonic Gods of Greek Religion" . The American Journal of Philology. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 21 (3): 241–259. doi:10.2307/287716 . JSTOR 287716 . Garland, Robert (1985). The Greek Way of Death. London: Duckworth. Leeming, David. "Demeter and Persephone" . The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Leeming, David. "Styx" . The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 2 December 2012. Long, J. Bruce (2005). "Underworld". Encyclopedia of Religion. Macmillan Reference USA. 14: 9451–9458. Mirtro, Marina Serena (2012). Death in the Greek world : from Homer to the classical age. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. Mikalson, Jon D (2010). Ancient Greek Religion. West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. Mystakidou, Kyriaki; Tsilika, Eleni; Parpa, Efi; Katsouda, Elena; Vlahous, Lambros (2004–2005). "Death and Grief in the Greek Culture". Omega. Baywood Publishing Co. 50 (1): 23–34. doi:10.2190/yyau-r4mn-akkm-t496. -{O’}-Cleirigh, Padraig, Rex A Barrell, and John M Bell (2000). An introduction to Greek mythology : story, symbols, and culture. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press. Peck, Harry Thurston (1897). Harper's Dictionary of Classical Literature and Antiquities. Harper. Pfister, F (1961). Greek Gods and Heroes. London: Macgibbon & Kee. Scarfuto, Christine. "The Greek Underworld" . Retrieved 3 December 2012. Schmiel, Robert (1987). "Achilles in Hades". Classical Philology. The University of Chicago Press. 82 (1): 35–37. doi:10.1086/367020 . JSTOR 270025 . 古希腊宗教 巫覡宗教 原始宗教 泛靈論 有神論 希腊神话地理 死后世界
Aaron Ciammaglichella (born 26 January 2005) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Torino. Club career Ciammaglichella moved to the youth academy of Torino in 2015, and worked his way up their youth categories. In September 2022, he was named by English newspaper The Guardian as one of the best players born in 2005 worldwide. International career Ciammaglichella was born in Italy to an Ethiopian father and Italian mother. He is a youth international for Italy, having played for the Italy U15s and U17s. Style of play Ciammaglichella is a central midfielder that can play in a 2-man or 3-man defense. He can act as a box-to-box or creative midfielder, or as a false-9. He is strong technically and has great vision, and a very strong presser. He is also a prolific goalscorer and assister. References External links Lega Serie A Profile FIGC U15 profile FIGC U17 profile 2005 births Living people Footballers from Turin Italian men's footballers Italy men's youth international footballers Italian people of Ethiopian descent Men's association football midfielders Torino FC players
The Clarke Baronetcy, of Snailwell in the County of Cambridge, was created in the Baronetage of England on 25 July 1698 for Samuel Clarke. The second Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for Cambridgeshire. The third Baronet was Sheriff of Huntingdonshire and Cambridgeshire between 1753 and 1754. The title became extinct on the death of the sixth Baronet in 1806. Clarke baronets, of Snailwell (1698) Sir Samuel Clarke, 1st Baronet (died 1719) Sir Robert Clarke, 2nd Baronet (1683–1746) Sir Samuel Clarke, 3rd Baronet (1712–1758) Sir Robert Clarke, 4th Baronet (1714–1770) Sir John Clarke, 5th Baronet (c. 1763–1782) Sir Arthur Clarke, 6th Baronet (1715–1806) Notes Extinct baronetcies in the Baronetage of England
磷酸氢钙片的副作用(不良反应)?引起便秘.因不溶于水,吸收少,全身反应少.
潘忠(),字世贞,明朝弘治时期的御马监太监。 生平 弘治年间,担任御马监太监。 正德元年(1506年),出任两广镇守太监。正德九年(1514年),去世。 参考文献 嘉靖《广西通志》(卷6)《表四·秩官·总镇》 嘉靖《广东通志初稿》(卷7)《秩官上·国朝·总镇》 P 御马监 明朝政治人物
Da Yie (also known by its English title Good Night) is a 2019 short film directed by Anthony Nti. In 2020, it won the Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival and was amongst the finalists for the BAFTA Los Angeles Student Film Awards. Da Yie film was produced by Anthony Nti, Chingiz Karibekov and Dimitri Verbeek, and distributed worldwide by the International Production & Distribution company Salaud Morisset. Plot Young Matilda and Prince are taken on a life-changing trip by a stranger. Kids, gangsters and Ghana's vibrant coast as you've never seen them. Awards Since its launch, the film has been selected in more than 130 festivals around the world. In February 2021, it made the Live Action Short Film shortlist for the 93rd Academy Awards. References External links Da Yie (Full Film) on Vimeo 2019 films Belgian short films 2019 short films
《吾土吾情》(),是由香港電台電視部製作的半小時文化及歷史研究節目。曾於1995年及2007年期間製作及播出,主要探討及研究香港傳統歷史文化、文物保育及古今文化變遷。 節目內容 兩輯節目均無固定主持。第一輯節目主要由對應該集主題的嘉賓或被訪者作嘉賓主持;第二輯則只設旁白。節目主要探討及研究香港歷史傳統文化及其古今文化變遷,透過介紹香港不同具歷史及文化價值的文物、古蹟、建築或者節日,例如廟宇、學校、炮台、警署及碼頭等,詳細介紹香港的獨特文化,兼且闡述香港開埠以來的歷史。節目又對某些已經拆卸的建築、街道或者景物,例如中環皇后碼頭及有囍帖街之稱的灣仔利東街,進行歷史回顧,透過對比古今同址面貌、訪問相關人士、翻查文獻,以及作實地考察,討論香港城市發展與文化保育之間的種種議題。 各集內容 1995年 1月10日:第一集〈時間滾軸〉(訪問本地教師之於考古發掘工作之感受;介紹九龍城寨古蹟) 1月17日:第二集〈文物待領〉(訪問中學生進行清洗文物工作之感受;訪問香港大學美術博物館前總館長劉唯邁博士有關發掘李鄭屋古墓時的趣聞軼事) 1月24日:第三集〈久住他鄉是故鄉〉(實地探訪建於香港的客家樓房;訪問建築師林雲對古今文化交融之看法) 1月31日:第四集〈唯有讀書高〉(介紹香港數間保存得較為完整的古書院;官方節目重溫) 2月7日:第五集〈廟、人、廟宇〉(介紹香港一些較特別及有代表性的廟宇,如車公廟;官方節目重溫) 2月14日:第六集〈西式建築之公共設施〉(透過介紹香港各西式建築及公共設施了解獨特文化面貌) 2月21日:第七集〈物古情今〉(介紹上環西港城及中環藝穗會會址) 2月28日:第八集〈情溢校園〉(介紹香港各歷史悠久的西式校舍建築,包括香港大學、瑪利諾修院學校、拔萃男書院及前九龍英童學校) 3月7日:第九集〈生死延續〉(參觀及介紹上水廖萬石堂、粉嶺龍躍頭松嶺鄧公祠及沙頭角下禾坑二房祠的祭祖儀式) 3月14日:第十集〈石頭記〉(介紹香港三個清代炮台:分流炮台、東龍洲炮台及東涌炮台) 3月21日:第十一集〈同是古蹟有心人〉(訪問數位關注古蹟保育的人士) 3月28日:第十二集〈緣溯歲月〉(介紹香港一些古代石刻,如東龍洲石刻;介紹收藏品明式傢具) 4月4日:第十三集〈浮光掠影〉(介紹舊赤柱警署及舊香港仔警署) 2007年 7月19日:第一集〈皇后之後〉(回顧拆卸中環天星碼頭及皇后碼頭的事件,討論城市發展與文化保守的各種取捨) 7月26日:第二集〈歸鹽田居〉(訪問西貢鹽田仔的村民;介紹村內三級歷史建築聖若瑟小堂) 8月2日:第三集〈長醮長有〉(介紹長洲太平清醮;YouTube節目重溫(第1部分)、YouTube節目重溫(第2部分第1節) 、YouTube節目重溫(第2部分第2節) ) 8月9日:第四集〈魚米飄零〉(介紹大澳端午節「神龍游涌」慶典;分析塱原農耕發展) 8月16日:第五集〈再建香港〉(回顧灣仔利東街建築群被清拆的事件,反思香港的城市規劃及舊區重建模式對各社區所營造之影響) 8月23日:第六集〈尋找失落的空間〉(分析香港各處的「公共空間」對市民生活模式的影響) 8月30日:第七集〈舊城演義〉(剖析中環嘉咸街、卑利街一帶的重建計劃對附近居民、商戶的影響) 9月6日:第八集〈演變中的傳統〉(介紹香港傳統鄉村打醮儀式) 9月13日:第九集〈屏山遊記〉(介紹屏山各鄉村及屏山文物徑) 9月20日:第十集〈盂蘭〉 (介紹盂蘭節的來源、節慶文化及香港盂蘭勝會的文化特色)(YouTube節目重溫) 播放資訊沿革 兩輯節目均於無綫電視翡翠台播出,其中2007年第二輯由該年7月19日起訂於逢星期四晚上七時正播映,以及晚上十一時於有線電視直播新聞台播出,並於香港電台網站提供視像直播及重溫(2008年以前)。 獎項 2008年 憑2007年第二輯〈長醮長有〉單元奪得第二十九屆美國特勒電視節:銅獎 參考資料 外部連結 香港電台(2012):「歲月‧港台」節目資料庫中《吾土吾情》節目重溫 香港電台電視節目 1995年香港電視節目 2007年香港電視節目 香港歷史
Bērze is a river of Latvia. It flows for 107 kilometres before emptying into the Svēte. Major tributaries include the Bikstupe, Sesava, Ālav, Līčupe, Līčupe and Gardene. Major settlements along the river include Zebrene, Biksti, Kaķenieki, Annenieki, Dobele, Bērze, Līvbērze. See also List of rivers of Latvia Rivers of Latvia
Didarak (, also Romanized as Dīdarak; also known as Deh Darak) is a village in Garmsar Rural District, Jebalbarez-e Jonubi District, Anbarabad County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 23, in 4 families. References Populated places in Anbarabad County
Women's 68 kg competition at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, took place on 22 June at the Heydar Aliyev Arena. Schedule All times are Azerbaijan Summer Time (UTC+05:00) Results Repechage References External links Sambo at the 2015 European Games
唐闸镇街道,是下辖的一个乡镇级行政单位。 行政区划 唐闸镇街道下辖以下地区: 。 参考资料
Natribacillus is a Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, spore-forming, aerobic and motile genus of bacteria from the family of Bacillaceae with one known species (Natribacillus halophilus). Natribacillus halophilus has been isolated from garden soil from Okabe in Japan. References Bacillaceae Bacteria genera Monotypic bacteria genera
喀麦隆棒球锦标赛建立于1993年。 2008参赛俱乐部 2008年时有如下俱乐部参与了该比赛: 雅温得老虎棒球俱乐部 Yaounde Blue Marine Wonder Dream de Mimboman Turtles Baseball & Softball Academy Indians Baseball & Softball Academy Injs Gold Diggers 雅温得二大 MAGIC HITTERS 雅温得一大 National Sixers Softball & Baseball of Manjo Atlantic Warriors Mfandena Sky 喀麥隆體育 各國棒球賽事
食道癌晚期临终症状?食道癌,是一种非常常见的消化道肿瘤,每年全世界约有30多万人死于食道癌,而我国是食道癌高发地之一。它的发病率与死亡率因各国差异有所不同,其中男性发病率和死亡率都比女性大,且发病年龄基本上是在40岁以上。食道癌的症状为进行性咽下困难,早期是难以咽下干燥的食物,中期是难以咽下半流质食物,比如稀粥,到晚期时是连水和唾液都难以咽下。1、经调查资料显示食道癌可能为多种因素所致的疾病,其中包括化学原因、生物性原因、缺乏某些微量元素、缺乏维生素、食道癌遗传易感因素以及烟、酒、热食、热饮、口腔不洁等因素。2、食道癌晚期的典型症状为持续胸痛或者是持续背部疼痛,癌细胞已经侵犯食管外组织。而这之后会出现炎症水肿暂时消退或者是部分癌组织脱落,癌肿梗阻暂时减轻,这常常会让人误以为病情好转。呕吐粘液,食道病变后会引起食道的不完全或完全堵塞,是分泌物引流不顺畅淤积到食管狭窄的上部,会刺激食道蠕动后吐出。疼痛,胸前或背部疼痛也是食道癌晚期患者最主要的症状之一,主要有隐痛、刺痛、钝痛等,而胸背痛一般是由于癌瘤外侵引发的食道周围炎症甚至可能侵及邻近的器官等。3、食道癌晚期死前症状一般为咽下困难、疼痛、声音嘶哑、呃逆、呕吐、呼吸系统出现一系列症状、体重明显减轻等等,其中咽下困难由于食道癌位置不同分为很多种类,比如食道癌近端食管粘膜充血水肿和炎症加重时咽下困难随之加重,减轻时咽下困难症状会有所减轻。注意事项:食道癌确实是非常痛苦的,但是不能够仅仅从患者死前症状来判断患者是不是即将离世,这是不科学的。我们可以通过药物治疗来帮助减轻患者痛苦。
小儿猪带绦虫病和囊虫病的并发症?可呈癫痫持续状态,引起脑积水,失明,截瘫,假性肌肥大和钙化。可并发囊虫性脑膜炎,交通性脑积水,共济失调,并发脑疝等。
九华膏药理作用?滑石主要含硅酸镁及微量的氧化铝、氧化镍等,具有吸附和收敛作用,能保护肠管,滑石撒布创面能形成被膜,有保护润滑创面,吸收分泌物,促进结痂的作用。月石即硼砂,主要成分为四硼酸钠,对皮肤粘膜有收敛保护作用,能抑制某些细菌的生长,川贝母含有川贝素等生物碱,可使肠管平滑肌分泌减少,冰片主要成分为右旋龙脑,用于局部有镇痛防腐作用,能抑制大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的生长,银朱外用能抑杀体表细菌。故本膏药具有良好的保护润滑,防腐收敛,消炎作用,用于内外痔疮并感染及痔疮,肛裂术后换药以预防感染。
腰风湿性关节炎的症状?腰风湿性关节炎病情发作后是很痛苦的,它的症状有:早上起床会出现晨僵的症状,等到了下午这个症状就会缓解的。还有关节会出现肿胀的症状,这个症状是在风湿病中经常见到的。关节畸形,功能障碍的症状:这种情况主要是病人的关节失去了正常的外表,还有可以活动的范围会受到一定的限制,手的掌指关节会有尺侧的倾斜,关节会半脱位等。病人也可能会出现发热的症状。这些症状可以是低热、中等度发热、也可以是高热,表现的都不规则。腰风湿性关节炎会在行走过程中,下蹲,上下楼梯的时候关节会发生疼痛。主要表现在因为疼痛或者是肌肉力量的减退所造成的腰部活动范围受限制的症状。还有可能会出现腰部在活动的时候有响声或者是卡顿一下。风湿性关节炎会在天气变化比较大的时候,是会引起腰痛的,平时我们在日常生活中要多注意保暖,多休息,保护好关节,尽量不要着凉了,也不要受潮。风湿腰痛最主要的症状是腰痛,腰的地方发沉,感觉是有重物下坠,太过劳累或者是阴雨天气就会更加严重,大晴天或天气温暖的时候就会有好转,腰部前俯后仰活动的时候就会受限制,不能长时间的坐着或者站立,会容易产生疲劳乏力,全身会酸懒沉重,病人的腰部怕冷。风湿性腰痛,在日常生活中要避免剧烈的运动。腰风湿性关节炎的症状主要是以疼痛为主的,疼痛也是这种病的主要表现,同时也是引起功能障碍的主要原因。这个症状的特点是隐匿发作、持续钝痛,经常发生在人们活动以后,多多休息可以缓解此症状的。
The Praja Rajyam Party () was a political party in India. Formation The first public meeting of the party was held by Chiranjeevi on 26 August 2008, at Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Praja Rajyam means People's Rule in Telugu. He addressed a gathering of about a million people and announced the party name and its agenda. The party flag, which has white colour making up 3/4 of the height at the top, and the bottom 1/4 filled with green, was unveiled at the meeting. In the middle of the flag, a red-coloured sun symbol is encircled with a yellow line. The green colour is an "acknowledgement to the farmers", red symbolises "change and revolution", the yellow border around the sun symbolises "happiness in every home", white symbolises "clean governance and transparency", and the sun in the middle emphasises the need for change and revolution. Merger with NTPP The Nava Telangana Praja Party headed by former minister Tulla Devender Goud was merged with the Praja Rajyam Party. NTPP was a political entity campaigning for Telangana State formation, and had a strong base in the Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh. Post-merger, Goud was made the Vice-President of Praja Rajyam Party. Chiranjeevi at one time expressed his support for the efforts to forge a "Fourth Front" at the national level. Electoral history They won only 18 out of a possible 294 assembly seats. The party leader, Chiranjeevi contested in two assembly seats - Tirupathi and Palakollu (West Godavari District) - and won only in Tirupathi. It polled 18% votes. List of Members Elected Manifesto The PRP party will give footwear to poor families, distribution of land among the poor and total prohibition in phases. In the manifesto, Chiranjeevi said if voted to power, the first file his party would sign would be for supply of grocery items for Rs. 1000 per month for every poor family and will also supply cooking gas cylinder for Rs. 100. The manifesto promised many populist schemes to counter the Telugu Desam Party's free colour television and cash transfer scheme for poor and schemes like Rs. 20 a kg of rice currently being implemented by the Congress government. The grocery scheme was aimed to provide food security to the poor. The PRP promised to implement land reforms and allot two to of land for landless poor. The party also vowed to usher in 'gram swaraj' by transferring powers and finances to village-level bodies. Promising to continue the current scheme of free electricity to farmers, the manifesto said the duration would be increased from the present seven hours to 24 hours. It said it would provide social security to farmers by introducing a pension scheme for them. Under another populist scheme promised in the manifesto, the government would deposit Rs. 10,00,000 in the name of every newborn girl. She would be paid the amount on reaching the age of 15 years. All women will get free education from kindergarten (LG) to post-graduation (PG) level. The women members of self-help DWACRA groups will be provided interest-free loans. Women will also be provided 50 percent reservations in appointment of teachers. The PRP promised creation of half a million jobs in 1,000 days. It said it would also pay unemployment allowance of Rs. 10,000 a month to every unemployed youth, and assured Rs. 1,500 monthly pension to physically challenged. The party said it would try to introduce total prohibition in phases and shut down all 'belt shops' (illegal counters of licensed liquor shops). Merger into Congress Party On 6 February 2011, PRP chief Chiranjeevi announced that his party would be merged with the Indian National Congress party after a meeting with Congress chief Sonia Gandhi. The merger was proposed by A.K. Antony, Minister of Defence. He stated that he had originally been compelled to create the PRP on a platform of fighting corruption and ensuring social justice but that Congress now had a good record of fighting corruption elsewhere. It was asserted by political observers that Chiranjeevi's move may have been prompted by his loss of support in the wake of his own strong anti-Telangana stance in previous months. It was argued in the press that Chiranjeevi's move would particularly strengthen Congress' hand in retaining the Kapu vote, as the PRP had done particularly well among them. References External links Prajarajyam party's meeting held in Rajahmundry Defunct political parties in Andhra Pradesh Political parties established in 2008 Political parties disestablished in 2011 2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh
Lekowo (formerly German Leckow) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Świdwin, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately north-west of Świdwin and north-east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania. References Lekowo
裸猿()是日本的女性漫畫家組合。 成員為里羅琴音(舊名:)(負責故事與人物設計)以及中村友美(負責漫畫化)。 漫畫作品 switch(台灣由東立出版社代理,翻譯名稱為「緝毒特搜班」) DOLLS (台灣由長鴻出版社代理,翻譯名稱為「DOLLS-特刑部隊」) 鵺射 Magnolia Lily 網站連結 naked ape.s(naked ape官方網站) NA NA
肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的西医治疗?本病宜早期治疗,但治愈困难。1.手术治疗 就诊较早者,行腹会阴联合直肠切除术。原则上不行腹股沟淋巴结清扫术。远处转移者则行肿瘤姑息切除术。2.化学治疗 对于播散性病变,化疗是主要治疗手段,部分病人可取得缓解。对手术切除后的病人,化疗可作为一种辅助治疗。(1)单一用药:有效的药物有顺铂(顺氨氯铂)、达卡巴嗪(氯烯咪胺)、卡莫司汀(卡氮芥)、洛莫司汀(环己亚硝脲)、司莫司汀(甲环亚硝脲)、放线菌素D(更生霉素)、羟基脲(HV)、长春地辛(长春花碱酰胺)、硫酸长春碱(长春花碱)及长春新碱等。达卡巴嗪对复发性恶性黑色素瘤有一定的疗效。给药方法是2~4.5mg/(kg.d)加入5%葡萄糖溶液中静滴,连续10天,休息18天为1疗程。其副作用有骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和类似感冒症状。卡莫司三丁的用法是2.5mg/(kg.d)加入5%葡萄糖溶液或生理盐水200~500ml中静脉滴注,每周1次,连用3周为1疗程。若在应用抗癌药物的同时进行局部体外循环加热,可以提高疗效。(2)联合化疗:2种或2种以上药物的联合化疗较单一用药疗效好。常以达卡巴嗪、亚硝脲类药物、顺铂和长春新碱类药物等合并使用。常用的化疗方案有:卡莫司三丁125mg,静滴,每6周的第1~2天;达卡巴嗪200mg,静滴,第1~5天;长春新碱1~2mg,静注,第1,8天,3周重复,连用3~4周期。顺铂100mg/m2,静滴,第1天;卡莫司三丁125mg,静滴,第5、12天;达卡巴嗪200mg/m2,静滴,第6~10天;长春新碱1~2mg,静注,第4、11天,3周重复,连用3~4周期。3.放疗 放射治疗对黑色素瘤不敏感,但有人报告放疗加热疗可提高疗效。4.其他特殊了疗法:免疫治疗 免疫治疗对黑色素瘤有一定治疗效果,常用BCG(冻干卡介苗)皮肤划痕法或瘤结节内局部注射。认为BCG(冻干卡介苗)能导致黑色素瘤病人体内淋巴细胞集结于肿瘤结节,刺激病人产生强力的免疫反应。还有用瘤苗、牛痘病毒、短棒菌苗、左旋咪唑和干扰素等,也可取得一定效果。近年来有作者证明人的黑色素瘤细胞内存在雌激素受体,而采用雌激素药物治疗。
Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina. It only contains the monotypic family Conioscyphaceae and the monotypic genus Conioscypha (which has 18 species). It was formerly in subclass Hypocreomycetidae , until 2017, when it was placed in subclass Savoryellomycetidae . Although still located within class Sordariomycetes. The Conioscypha clade, based on molecular data, was considered as Ascomycota incertae sedis with Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus considered congeneric (Réblová and Seifert, 2004, Zelski et al., 2015 ) with Conioscypha accepted as the recommend name under the one name protocol (Réblová et al. 2016a). In 2016, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. In the analysis, clade 45 represents the order Conioscyphales, which was established by Réblová et al. (2016a), with a single family Conioscyphaceae. They also introduced two new species, Conioscypha aquatica and Conioscypha submersa. It is a sister clade to orders Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales. Description Conioscypha (the sole genus in the Conioscyphales) is generally characterised by aseptate, dark brown conidia and a unique mode of blastic conidiogenesis, when conidia are born in cyathiform (in the form of a cup, a little widened at the top) to doliiform (shaped like a barrel or cask) blastic conidiogenous cells surrounded by hyaline (transparent), cup-like collarettes with a multilamellar (having (or affecting) multiple lamellae) structure (Shearer & Motta 1973). Distribution It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. They have been found in South America, Australia and New Zealand, as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa. References Taxa described in 2018 Ascomycota orders Sordariomycetes
二硝托胺的用法用量?注意:同种药品可由于不同的包装规格有不同的用法或用量。本文只供参考。如果不确定,请参看药品随带的说明书或向医生询问。病鸡用。
本列表列出香港演藝學院的知名校友。以下為列表將人物粗分為數大類,並遵循各類內容不重疊的原則進行編輯。 著名校友 演員、藝人、歌手、導演 音樂家及監製 其他 何天虹:香港首位舞蹈治療師、香港大學社會工作及社會行政學系教授。 葉蔚琳:九巴「月薪車長大聯盟發起人」,發起2018年罷駛行動。 黃嘉威:舞台劇演員、導演,性罪犯,2021年承認18項控罪性侵女童罪,被判囚7年半。 參考 香港大專院校校友列表
男生突然胃痛怎么办?胃痛是临床上常见的一个症状,胃痛通常指上腹部疼痛,分急性与慢性两种。慢性胃炎、消化不良、胃食管反流、溃疡病及胃癌等都可引起慢性上腹痛。而消化道疾病、胆道感染、心脏肺脏,甚至皮肤疾病都可引起急性上腹痛。突然胃痛的缓解方法:第一、喝点热水,不论是既往有没有胃病的患者,出现突然胃疼时,可以喝一点热水,暖暖胃来缓解。第二、热敷,给予暖水袋进行胃部热敷,能够起到缓解的作用。第三、按摩,可以用手掌顺时针按摩胃部,能够缓解胃疼。第四、注意饮食,避免进食辛辣刺激性食物,避免进食油腻肥厚,难消化食物。如果在胃疼的时候,建议暂时不要进食,等胃疼缓解可以吃一点稀粥,面条之类的食物,便于消化。第五、如果胃疼用以上方式均不缓解,建议吃一点胃药,还可以吃一点保护胃粘膜的药,中和胃酸,还可以吃一些中成药物护胃。胃痛注意事项:1、少吃辛辣食物。辛辣食物似乎最可能是胃痛的祸首,也有许多胃痛患者吃了辛辣食物后,并未加重病情,许多患者仍无法承受辣食。对于孕妈来说,不论是否有胃疼的情况都要拒绝辛辣的食物。2、饮食宜软、温、暖。在家烹调时宜用蒸、煮、熬、烩等方法。且少吃坚硬、粗糙的食物。进食时也要注意不急不躁,使食物在口腔中充分咀嚼,与唾液充分混合后慢慢咽下,这样有利于消化和病后的修复。同时,要注意四季饮食温度的调节,脾胃虚寒者尤应禁食生冷食物,而肝郁气滞者忌在生气后立即进食。3、少吃油腻多脂食品。因为油腻、油炸及多脂肪的食物容易在胃内停留较长时间,并刺激胃酸制造过剩。避免多脂肪的肉类及乳品,这是能降低复发的几率一种方法。4、注意营养平衡。平时的饮食应供给富含维生素的食物,且要均衡营养。这样有利于保护胃黏膜以及提高其防御能力,并且还能促进局部病变的修复。
降血压的食物?高血压是一种常见的慢性病,需要密切监测。一旦被忽视或维护不当,很容易对患者的生命、健康和安全造成致命影响。在现实生活中,高血压患者的饮食需要格外关注。有什么食物有助于帮助高血压患者平衡血压?1.玉米须。玉米生长过程中,果实顶部产生的絮状物实际上是一种保健食品,具有很好的保健效果。用玉米须煮茶作为茶饮料,不仅有助于降低血糖,润肠通便,还能降低血压。2.海带和海带一直被认为是“长寿蔬菜”。海带具有降血压作用的原因是它含有多种有效成分,即层粘连蛋白和牛磺酸。这些物质可以降低血压,延缓并发症的发生。3.山药和山药含有特殊的蛋白质成分,可以帮助人体清除沉积在血管上的多余脂肪,间接有效降低血压,同时直接杀死高血脂和与高血压平行的动脉硬化。4、茶饮,常见茶饮有菊花茶、山楂茶等,菊花茶推荐选择大小白菊,可以和金银花搭配效果更佳,降血压的同时还可以清肝明目、润燥降火。山楂茶不仅可以助消化,还可以促进血管扩张。5、猕猴桃,猕猴桃果实中含有多种抑制血压和降低有害胆固醇的有效成分,高血压、高胆固醇、肝炎、心脑血管疾病等患者都特别适合。6、香蕉,香蕉含有大量的钾元素,钠元素含量却比较低。钾元素是血压下降的重要元素,当人体大量吸收钾元素降低吸收钠元素的时候,血压也会随之下降。对于一些高血压患者来说,食疗仅起辅助作用,仅仅依靠食物补充是远远不够的。它还需要在医生的指导下进行药物治疗或其他治疗。
棘突靴尾蚤(学名:)为盘肠蚤科靴尾蚤属的动物。分布于日本、英国、德国、捷克、斯洛伐克、俄罗斯、美国以及中国大陆的广东、广西、福建、浙江、江苏、江西、湖南、湖北、河北、云南、陕西、山西、甘肃、西藏、新疆等地,属于广温性种类。其常见于湖泊沿岸和池塘的水草丛中。 参考文献 J J
漕泾站是浦东铁路上的铁路车站,位于上海市金山区漕泾镇,建于2005年。目前该站不办理客运业务,货运仅办理专用线、专用铁路货运作业。 邻近车站 参考文献 上海铁路车站 金山区铁路车站 (上海市)
Kathleen Suzanne Phang (born August 1, 1975) is an American lawyer, political commentator, podcaster, and television host. She hosts The Katie Phang Show, which airs on the weekends on MSNBC and Thursdays to Fridays on Peacock. Early life Phang was born in Miami, Florida. Her father immigrated to the United States from South Korea at the age of 19. Phang graduated from Miami Palmetto Senior High School in Pinecrest, Florida. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in political science from Yale University and a Juris Doctor from the University of Miami's School of Law, graduating in 2000. She then worked for the state attorney's office in Miami-Dade County. Career In 2005, Phang joined WFOR-TV as a legal consultant to discuss the trial of Michael Jackson. The chief assistant to the state attorney, Katherine Fernandez Rundle, informed her that she needed to quit the role, because Rundle "does not want her assistants providing public legal analysis or commentary regarding criminal trials". Phang instead quit her job with the state attorney's office, keeping the unpaid legal consultant role and joining a private law firm. She also covered the trial of Robert Blake and the Terri Schiavo case for WFOR. She became a legal analyst for Fox News, and was a frequent guest of Greta Van Susteren. Phang became a legal analyst for NBCUniversal in 2017. In 2021, Phang appeared with Kevin O'Leary and Ada Pozo on CNBC's Money Court, where they adjudicated financial disputes. In April 2022, she debuted her own show on MSNBC and Peacock, The Katie Phang Show, which airs on weekends on MSNBC and Thursdays to Fridays on Peacock. Phang also hosts 'Class Action', a 12-part documentary podcast following competitive mock trial teams. Phang is also a fill in host on MSNBC's All In with Chris Hayes and The Beat with Ari Melber. Personal life Phang and her husband, Jonathan Feldman, live in Miami Shores. They have a daughter. References 1975 births Living people American people of South Korean descent American political commentators American women podcasters American podcasters Lawyers from Miami MSNBC people People from Miami Shores, Florida University of Miami School of Law alumni Yale University alumni
Sir Bernard Anthony Rix (born 8 December 1944) is a former English judge, who was a Lord Justice of Appeal from 2000 to 2013. Family Rix is the son of Otto Rix and Sadie Silverberg. In 1983, he married Karen Young (now The Hon. Lady Rix), daughter of David Young, later Baron Young of Graffham; they have two daughters and three sons. Education Rix was educated at St Paul's School in London. He went on to New College, Oxford, where he read Classics until 1966 and Jurisprudence with Senior Status until (1968), graduating MA. He also represented the University at fencing. He was elected a Kennedy Scholar in 1968 and studied at Harvard Law School, where he was awarded an LLM in 1969. Legal career Rix was called to the bar at Inner Temple in 1970 (bencher 1990) and became a Queen's Counsel in 1981. He was a member of the Senate of the Inns of Court and Bar between 1981 and 1983. He was also a member of the Bar Council from 1981 to 1983 and was Treasurer of Inner Temple in 2005. He was a Recorder of the Crown Court from 1990 to 1993. On 26 July 1993, Rix was appointed a High Court judge, receiving the customary knighthood, and assigned to the Queen's Bench Division. From 1998 to 1999, he served as judge in charge of Commercial List. He was made a Lord Justice of Appeal on 2 May 2000 and retired on 10 May 2013. He was appointed as an International Judge of the Singapore International Commercial Court on 5 January 2015. Rix has also been the president of the Harvard Law School Association of the UK since 2002, vice-president of the British Friends of Bar Ilan University since 1999, member of the board of trustees of Bar Ilan University from 1988 to 1999, chairman of the Commercial Bar Association from 1992 to 1993, and the vice-chairman of the Central Council for Jewish Community Services from 1993 to 1996. He wrote a report on youth services and organizations in 1994. In November 2007, Rix controversially overturned life sentences awarded to two Cheshire teenagers who terrorized a vulnerable man before beating him to death and throwing his body in a river. Personal life Since 1986, Rix has also been a director of the London Philharmonic Orchestra. He ran the Spiro Institute from 1995 to 1999. In his spare time, Rix enjoys music, opera, fencing and Italian culture. Rix also is renowned for a fine collection of ancient glass, including medieval and Roman goblets. References See also List of British Jews 1944 births Living people 20th-century English judges English Jews Knights Bachelor Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom People educated at St Paul's School, London Alumni of New College, Oxford Lords Justices of Appeal Harvard Law School alumni Queen's Bench Division judges Members of the Inner Temple 21st-century English judges
The Louisiana Soul were a semi-professional basketball team playing in the Universal Basketball Association (UBA). Established in 2013 the team was originally known as the Lafayette Legends, changing names in July 2014. History The Legends played their first exhibition game in preparation for the Premier Basketball League (PBL) season on December 14, 2013. Played at Northside High School in Lafayette, the Legends were 155-81 winners against a team from Lake Charles (Louisiana). The Legends never played an official PBL game. A second exhibition was played on February 8, 2014, against the Shizuoka Gymrats, a travel-team who compete in the ABA. Lafayette were victorious 104–101. Two more exhibitions followed on March 29 and May 3 as the team made preparations to compete as a "branding team" in the Independent Basketball Association (IBA) 2014 Fall season. On July 10, 2014, the franchise changed its name to Louisiana Soul, as the IBA already had a "Legends" team (Schenectady Legends). The Soul were scheduled for four IBA games, but did not compete in any official IBA game. The American Basketball Association (ABA) was next for the Soul, and on November 9, 2014, played their first "official" league game, losing to the Texas Fuel 119–109. On December 6, 2014, the Soul took park in a Universal Basketball Association (UBA) draft. The team website lists a UBA schedule set to begin in January 2015. The Soul completed the full 2015 UBA schedule going 1–12 to finish sixth (of six teams) in the Western Conference. Their record was 20th-best in the 21-team league. Season-by-season record References External links Louisiana Soul official website @LouisianaSoul @LafayetteLegend Basketball teams in Louisiana Defunct American Basketball Association (2000–present) teams Sports clubs and teams in Lafayette, Louisiana Basketball teams established in 2013 2013 establishments in Louisiana 2015 disestablishments in Louisiana
Louis (c. 800 – 867), a Frankish churchman and a member of the Carolingian royal family, was the Abbot of Saint-Denis from 841. Born around 800, Louis was the illegitimate son of Rotrude, daughter of Charlemagne, by Count Rorgon I of Maine. He was probably raised at the court of his grandfather, Charlemagne, until the latter's death in 814. From 835, he served his uncle, the Emperor Louis the Pious, Charlemagne's successor, as archchancellor. On Louis's death in June 840, he declared his allegiance to Charles the Bald and became his archchancellor. In September or October 840, Abbot Hilduin of Saint-Denis defected from Charles to Lothair I. Charles promised Louis, already a monk of Saint-Denis, that when the abbacy was back in his control he would bestow it on Louis. On 14 June 844, Richbod and Nithard, abbot and lay abbot respectively of Saint-Riquier, died in battle. Charles appointed Louis abbot of Saint-Riquier with Charles's uncle Rudolf as his lay counterpart. In 857, some Vikings from Jeufosse raided Saint-Denis and captured Louis. His half-brother, Gauzlin, the bishop of Paris, was also captured. Charles had to raise a large ransom, including a contribution of 688 lb of gold and 3250 lb of silver from Saint-Denis, to liberate the captives. Louis held the position of archchancellor until his death. He died in 867. On his death Charles named himself lay abbot and took direct control of the abbey. Notes Sources Further reading Riché, Pierre. Les Carolingiens, une famille qui fit l'Europe. 1983. Volkmann, Jean-Charles. Bien Connaître les généalogies des rois de France. 867 deaths French abbots Frankish Christian monks Rorgonid dynasty 9th-century Christian clergy Year of birth uncertain 9th-century people from West Francia
老是泌尿感染怎么回事?泌尿感染是一种对于患者会造成严重伤害的疾病,这种疾病是由于细菌侵入尿路所引起的炎症,对于每位泌尿感染患者来说,要想尽快的远离该病反复的折磨,就要做好治疗工作,对于健康的人来说,只需要做好泌尿感染的预防工作就可以了,生活中,预防泌尿感染的方法是很多的,大家一定要重视起来。预防泌尿反复感染就要多喝开水,增加尿量,使尿液不断地冲洗泌尿道,尽快排出细菌和毒素,保持泌尿道清洁。积极治疗感染性疾病,如扁桃体炎、皮肤帘肿或外伤感染、胆囊炎、盆腔炎、阑尾炎、前列腺炎、龋齿感染、鼻窦炎等,要足量用药,彻底干净,防止病菌通过血行、淋巴道等进入泌尿系,同时杀灭已经侵入泌尿道的病菌。有尿意时,及时排尿,不要憋尿,每晚临睡前,排空膀胱。怀孕5个月以上的妇女睡觉时以左侧、右侧卧位为宜,免得子宫压迫输尿管,引起尿流不畅。积极治疗引起尿路梗阻的疾病,如泌尿系结石、肿瘤、前列腺增生、包茎、肾下垂、瘢痕狭窄、泌尿系先天性畸形等。对于泌尿感染反复的发病原因,性生活卫生习惯不良较为常见,男女一方外阴、阴道、尿道的病菌极容易传给对方,也容易自身感染。因此性生活前,应清洗外生殖器。如果使用避孕工具,应将避孕工具清洗或消毒。性交前后,都应排尿一次。此外,戒除手淫,尤其是用器物手淫,防止尿道感染和损伤。成人应每日清洗外阴1次,勤换内裤,大便后习惯擦拭肛门,应从前向后,避免将肛门污物带到尿道口。禁用坐浴,如果坐在浴盆内洗澡,污水容易浸入尿道,引起感染。因女性尿道短而宽,尿道口与阴道、肛门靠近,尤应注意。对于大家来说,治疗泌尿感染固然重要,但是日常的预防工作也是治疗泌尿感染反复的关键,平时一定要保持良好的生活习惯。
Murali Krishna Thalluri (born 4 August 1984) is an Australian film director, writer, and producer. Born in Canberra to Indian-born parents (Telugu), he moved to Adelaide where he attended Rostrevor College before completing his education at University Senior College. His first feature film, 2:37, was completed when he was 22 years old and financed via private funding. It was screened at a number of international film festivals including the 2006 Cannes Film Festival, the Melbourne International Film Festival, the Toronto International Film Festival and the Tokyo International Film Festival. Filmography 2:37 (2006) References External links Profile, deadline.com, May 2013; accessed 15 August 2015. 1984 births Living people People educated at Rostrevor College Australian film directors Australian film producers Australian film editors Australian people of Indian descent Writers from Adelaide
加利福尼亚州科学院()位於美國舊金山金門公園,是世界上最大型的自然歷史博物館,於2008年建築改裝。本館歷史起於1853年,是一個學習社會和科學研究的學校, 同時也有展覽廳, 於20世紀轉型成博物館。全面翻新後的主大樓於2008年9月27日開放。 該學院位於金門公園的主要建築於2008年完全重建,佔地面積37,000平方公尺。2020年初,在COVID-19大流行之前,加州科學院擁有約500名員工,年收入約為3,300萬美元。 治理 生物多樣性科學與可持續性研究所(IBSS) 公共教育 研究 歷史 早期 金門公園遺址 地震破壞和新建築 新建築的環境設計 屋頂綠化 圖片 參考 外部連結 California Academy of Sciences official website Morrison Planetarium website Arup - Design Engineers for replacement building Webcor Builders on replacement project TEECOM Design Group project page SWA Group PDFs on national media reports on Academy's ongoing construction 三藩市博物館 美国科学博物馆 美国自然史博物馆 天象儀 未來主義建築 美国科学组织 倫佐·皮亞諾設計的建築
松嶺鳥屬(屬名:,意為「松嶺山脈的鳥」)是白堊紀早期的史前鳥類。其化石是在中國遼寧九佛堂组(Jiufotang Formation)發現。九佛堂組的年代受到質疑,有可能是屬於阿普第階。其下只有一個物種,就是凌河松嶺鳥。 松嶺鳥是燕鳥的近親,連同義縣鳥祖成一個初期鳥類的分支。它們有時會被認為與義縣鳥是同一屬,但卻不被廣泛接受。 參考 白堊紀鳥類 松嶺鳥科 热河生物群
前列腺炎引起的精子不液化能治好吗?前列腺炎,是指由多种复杂原因引起的,以尿道刺激症状和慢性盆腔疼痛为主要表现的前列腺疾病,前列腺炎是泌尿外科的常见病,在泌尿外科五十岁以下男性病人中占首位。尽管前列腺炎的发病率很高,但其病因仍不是很清楚,尤其是非细菌性前列腺炎,因此其治疗以改善症状为主,可使前列腺产生蛋白分解酶、溶纤蛋白酶等精液液化因子的分泌发生障碍,液化因子减少,形成精液不液化症,尿液刺激,尿液中含有多种酸碱性化学物质,容易造成尿酸返流进入前列腺内,诱发慢性前列腺炎,久而久之也会引起前列腺分泌液化酶减少,导致精液不液化。精子不液化的主要原因就是前列腺炎或者是精囊炎导致的,只要能够明确致病原因,消除相关致病因素,改变生活中的不良习惯,积极配合治疗,是可以治疗好的,包括生育方面都是可以的,治疗方法其实有很多种的,中医治疗,中西医治疗,西医治疗都是可以治疗好的,常见的中西医分型疗法是集内分泌治疗、手术治疗、药物治疗、性指导疗法于一体,通过三步实施,全面治疗好精液不液化病症,精子不液化对症治疗后,还要有一段时间的调精生精过程,对神经、内分泌全面调理,不仅促进精子的生成,更改善其生存环境,提高精子质量和数量,从而达到优生优育的目的。在对精液不液化进行治疗时,要戒除抽烟喝酒的不良习惯,同时也要避免喝过浓的茶、咖啡,同时对饮食也要非常的注意,避免吃太过于辛辣油腻的食物,如果不能抑制自己的生活习惯,那么会影响到治疗的效果,增长恢复的时间,还很容易造成复发的情况。
海僑控股有限公司,簡稱海僑控股(,港交所除牌時0076.HK),在1993年10月21日,從森馬寶秘能源有限公司更名而來。 當時業務經營在亞洲國家開發及生產原油及礦石(例如石墨),主要當時地區是位於印尼,而曾是海裕國際控股有限公司(利基控股有限公司()前身)旗下公司,後來在1994年,被福建省政府旗下企業華閩集團有限公司收購,再在1997年易手給獨立第三者,在1998年3月18日,更名為辛康海聯控股有限公司,再到現時南海石油控股有限公司至今。 外部链接 SouthSeaPetro.com.hk 福建公司 中華人民共和國國有企業 中华人民共和国石油公司 礦業公司 1993年成立的公司 1998年結業公司 香港交易所已除牌公司 中國已結業公司
利多卡因氯己定气雾剂(成膜型)禁忌症是什么?1 禁止与肥皂及盐类消毒药合用。 2 对本品成份过敏者禁用。
食道癌症晚期能治好吗?癌症可以通过淋巴或血液转移。晚期癌症(Advancedcancer)是指原器官上的癌细胞通过淋巴或血液循环转移到其他器官,并在其他器官或器官衰竭上引起相应症状。这种情况是不可能治愈的,临床上对于晚期癌症,要给予足够的关心和爱护,并尽量减少不必要的侵入性检查。努力提高病人的生活质量,减轻他们的痛苦。在疼痛的时候,我们应该给予足够的止痛剂来缓解疼痛,并给予患者精神上的鼓励和安慰。晚期治疗的关键是控制疾病。如果它扩散到头部,目前没有办法治疗。只要它没有转移到头部,就有可能治疗它。目前,治疗相对有效的辅助疗法是生物免疫疗法,对食管癌有相对明显的疗效。癌症晚期意味着癌症已经达到第4阶段,癌细胞已经扩散。目前的治疗方法包括手术、化疗、放疗、免疫治疗、中药和介入治疗。理论上,癌症晚期的癌细胞已经扩散。如果它们扩散到身体的30个部位,那么需要30次手术或更多、更深或更浅的手术来移除肿块,并且还将进行化疗和放疗,但是身体不能支持这一点。因此,晚期癌症没有治愈方法,只有药物可以延长患者的生命。食管癌可以在早期治愈。早期主要局限于食管粘膜和粘膜下层,无扩散,术后可临床治愈。然而,食管癌往往被忽视,因为它在早期没有明显的症状,大多数临床发现并不在早期。食管癌的病理类型包括腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、大细胞癌、小细胞癌等。根据入侵的程度,分为早期、中期和晚期三个阶段。体质差的严重病人不能忍受外科治疗。化疗和放疗可以用来控制病变的发展。然而,这些治疗方法有很大的个体差异。自我免疫和营养,以及战胜疾病的信心,将影响身体的恢复。
小儿视网膜色素变性肥胖多指综合征的并发症?性功能底下:男患者出现性功能低下,女患者出现促性腺功能低下。可呈侏儒状态,合并癫痫、锥体外系病变、先天性心脏病、耳聋等。部分患者并发出现先天性心脏病、高血压、糖尿病、小脑发育不全及其他神经系统异常。眼部并发症:后极性白内障 是本病常见的并发症,一般发生于晚期。青光眼和近视也比较常见。部分患者有不同程度的听力障碍;甚至具有聋哑。
高拱(),字肅卿,號中玄,河南開封府鈞州新鄭縣人,祖籍腹里洪洞,明朝政治人物,官至吏部尚書、中极殿大学士,為內閣首輔。 生平 先世避元末乱迁徙新郑。曾祖父高旺,祖父高魁,為成化二十二年(1486年)舉人,官至工部虞衡司郎中。父高尚贤,为正德十二年进士,官至光禄寺少卿。高拱幼聰穎,“五岁善对偶,八岁诵千言”。嘉靖二十年(1541年)辛丑科会试四十九名,二甲十二名進士,選庶吉士,一年後授翰林院編修。穆宗为裕王时,任侍讲学士,在裕邸九年全力维护裕王地位,君臣形同密友。嘉靖四十五年(1566年)因首輔徐階推荐,拜文淵閣大學士。然性情高傲,“性迫急,不能容物,又不能藏蓄需忍,有所忤触之立碎。每张目怒视,恶声继之,即左右皆为之辟易”,與徐階相抗,竟至相互攻訐,後為胡应嘉、欧阳一敬所逼退。隆慶二年(1568年)七月,徐階退休歸鄉,隔年冬天,张居正与李芳等奏请复起高拱,以内阁兼吏部尚书领吏部事,盡改徐階舊制,“授诸司以籍,使署贤否,志爵里姓氏”,有官员被黜,高拱必亲“告以故”,黜者“无不慑服”。 隆慶四年(1570年)俺答汗之孫把汗那吉來降,高拱和张居正采纳宣大总督王崇古建议,先授予其指揮使官銜,乘机与俺答达成封贡互市协议,史稱俺答封貢。又推荐殷正茂为总督平定雲南苗變,推荐潘季驯治理黄河。改兵部一尚书二侍郎制为一尚书四侍郎制,侍郎們分工。 身后 萬曆三十年(1602年)詔贈高拱为太師,謚文襄,荫其子高务观尚宝司司丞。著有《高文襄公集》。 与张居正的政争 高拱與張居正供职时国子监相识,二人志趣相投,相期将来入內阁匡扶社稷。但当明世宗去世当天,当时的內閣首辅徐阶只召自己门生张居正共同写就嘉靖遗诏,并未通知已是阁臣的对手高拱,二人顿生龃龉。此外,在隆庆五年(1571年)高拱的亲信传言张居正接受徐阶三万两白银贿赂以救他的三个儿子,二人心中误解日益加深。张居正暗中和对高拱不满的秉笔太监冯保同盟。隆慶六年(1572年)正月,以高拱为柱国,专横更甚,日渐狎奢,给事中曹大野上書言及高拱不忠十事。是年五月,明穆宗病危,召高拱、張居正及高儀三人為顧命大臣,穆宗握著高拱的手說:“以天下累先生”。穆宗去世后因遗诏问题,高拱计划发动百僚驱逐冯保,双方正式决战。 明神宗朱翊鈞即位後,張居正指使神宗「大伴」司礼監秉笔太监馮保在皇貴妃和陳皇后面前將高拱曾在內閣說過的一句話“十歲太子,如何治天下!”改為“十岁孩子,如何作人主。”宣称高拱谋拥立藩王,皇貴妃和陳皇后大驚,連明神宗聽聞也聞之色變。六月十六日早朝,「召內閣、五府、六部眾至。」,切责高拱擅权无君,到會極門,太監王榛捧旨宣讀:「今有大學士高拱專權擅政,把朝廷威福都強奪自專,通不許皇帝主專。不知他要何為?我母子三人驚懼不寧。高拱著回籍閒住,不許停留。」致被罷官,高拱聽旨後,“面色如死灰”,“汗陡下如雨,伏不能起”,从后赶来的张居正将他扶起。冯保又造「王大臣」事件,說誤闖宮禁的逃兵「王大臣」,是高拱派來的,欲置高拱于死地。幸賴吏部尚书杨博、御史葛守礼等力救,张居正“贻书相慰安,乃止。”高拱得免於難。 萬曆五年(1577年)张居正回故乡湖北江陵葬父,路过高拱的故里,专程探望高拱,两人相見掩面而泣,感慨不已。临终前高拱寫了《病榻遺言》四卷,記述張居正勾結馮保陰奪首輔之位的經過,将张居正描述为阴险刻毒的人物,大骂张居正“又做师婆又做鬼,吹笛捏眼打鼓弄琵琶”。萬曆六年(1578年)十二月卒於家,葬县城北郊今阁老坟村。萬曆七年(1579年)以“高某担当受降,北虏称臣,功不可泯”,贈復原官。张居正死后,《病榻遺言》刊刻,此书在北京广为流传,催化了万历帝对张居正的清算。有人則認為《病榻遺言》是在萬曆三十年(1602年)高拱贈為太師以後,才公開發行的,而張居正案是在萬曆十一年(1583年),對張居正抄家案不會產生影響。 學術思想 高拱受王廷相的影響,不相信災異之說,否定天人感應之論。他反對朱子學,批評朱熹的「窮理論」令聖賢之道更晦昧不通。 高拱提倡天理與人情是一致的。政治上,他受張居正和馮保排擠,深知現實政治借「理」之名而多行不義,因而主張通達人情,使「理」務歸平實。他偏重「性」,主張「盡心必由於知性」。 高拱也不贊同王陽明的「知行合一」和「良知」說,不同意人心本身「完全自足」,認為善惡不能由心自由決定,放任自心會導致惡念滋生,必須阻止人心放恣而無所節制。百姓的艱苦值得同情,但士人與平民的區別仍必須嚴格遵守。聖人有其特殊性,只有聖人才能運用當然之則。 家族 曾祖高旺,贈工部主事。祖父高魁,工部郎中,贈光禄寺少卿。父高尚賢,光祿寺少卿。母沈氏,封宜人。慈侍下。兄高捷,工部主事;高掇,引禮舍人。弟高操、高揀。 注釋 延伸阅读 參考文獻 朱鴻林:〈高拱與明穆宗的經筵講讀初探 〉。 朱鴻林:〈高拱經筵內外的經說異同 〉。 相關條目 俺答封貢 G 新鄭人 明朝庶吉士 明朝會試正考官 明朝翰林院編修 明朝南京國子監祭酒 明朝太常寺卿 明朝禮部侍郎 明朝吏部侍郎 明朝翰林院侍講學士 明朝文淵閣大學士 明朝禮部尚書 明朝吏部尚書 明朝內閣首輔 明朝柱國 諡文襄
卢卡什·古尔尼茨基(,),文艺复兴时期欧洲波兰随笔作家。他曾在意大利接受教育。他最重要的著作是《波兰廷臣》(1566年出版),该书是对卡斯蒂利奥内的《廷臣》的效仿。 参考 延伸阅读 Bodniak, Stanisław. Karta z bibljotekarskich i starościńskich zajęć Górnickiego. Kraków, 1928. Czarnik, Bronisław. Żywot Łukasza Górnickiego. Lwów, 1883. Kozielewski, Ignacy. Łukasz Górnicki: studium historyczno-literackie. Lwów, 1929. Lichański, Jakub Zdzisław. Łukasz Górnicki. Wrocław, 1982. Lichański, Jakub Zdzisław. Łukasz Górnicki: sarmacki Castiglione. Warsaw, 1998. Lowenfeld, Rafał. Łukasz Górnicki, jego życie i dzieła: przyczynek do dziejów humanizmu w Polsce. Warsaw, 1884. Noworolskiej, B., and W. Steca. Łukasz Górnicki i jego czasy. Białystok, 1993. Salwa, P., ed. Łukasz Górnicki i jego włoskie inspiracje. Warsaw, 2005. Pollak, Roman. "Górnicki Łukasz (1527-1603)." In Polski Słownik Biograficzny, vol. 8, part. 3. Wrocław, 1960. 外部链接 - text Polského dvořana v polštině 波兰作家
優腔龍屬(學名:Eucamerotus)是蜥腳下目恐龍的一屬,化石發現於英格蘭懷特島的威塞克斯組(Wessex Formation),地質年代屬於白堊紀貝里亞階。牠的化石是一些脊椎,曾有一個部份骨骼被歸類於優腔龍,但未被學界普遍接納。在歐洲侏羅紀晚期至白堊紀早期的蜥腳下目中,優腔龍與鳥面龍及畸形龍,是三個根據破碎化石而建立的分類單元。 歷史及分類 化石最早被William D. Fox發現於英格蘭懷特島。在1871年,John Hulke從幾個部分背椎命名了優腔龍:包括正模標本的椎弓(編號BMNH R2522)、副模標本的兩節背椎(編號BMNH R89)、另外兩節背椎(編號BMNH R90)、以及一節幼年個體的背椎(編號BMNH R2524)。他並沒有為優腔龍取種名、標明正模標本,並在幾年後認為牠其實是鳥面龍。其他學者則認為牠是畸形龍的異名。 在1995年,William T. Blows認為優腔龍屬是腕龍科的有效屬,並加入種名foxi。他以BMNH R2522的椎弓為模式標本,並加入另一節脊椎及部份骨骼(編號MIWG-BP001),作為副模標本但最後加入的脊椎及部份骨骼,並沒有被普遍接納。不幸地,這些骨骼卻從未被研究、描述。 有科學家指出優腔龍其實是腕龍科的疑名,且不認為Blows的歸類具說服力。也有科學家指出牠是蜥腳下目的疑名。不過另有科學家指出牠是屬於泰坦巨龍類。 古生物學 優腔龍的脊椎長度為20公分,如果優腔龍是屬於腕龍科,牠約有15公尺長,在蜥腳下目中算是小型的。並且像其他的蜥腳下目,牠是四足的草食性恐龍。 參考資料 Upchurch, P., Mannion, P. D. & Barrett, P. M. 2011. Sauropod dinosaurs. In Batten, D. J. (ed.) English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association (London), pp. 476-525. 外部連結 Darren Naish on Wealden sauropod diversity More on Wealden sauropods Y Y Y Y
多叶委陵菜(学名:)是蔷薇科委陵菜属的植物。分布于印度尼西亚爪哇、印度、斯里兰卡、锡金以及中国大陆的西藏、云南等地,生长于海拔2,900米至4,000米的地区,常生长在林缘、生山坡草地或林下,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。 现接受名为:多叶蕨麻Argentina polyphylla (Wall. ex Lehm.) Soják, 2010 参考文献 D D
妊娠糖尿病吃什么主食最好?妊娠前已有糖尿病的患者妊娠,称糖尿病合并妊娠;另一种为妊娠前糖代谢正常或有潜在糖耐量减退,妊娠期才出现糖尿病,又称为妊娠期糖尿病。糖尿病孕妇中80%以上为,糖尿病合并妊娠者不足20%。患者糖代谢多数于产后能恢复正常,但将来患2型糖尿病机会增加。糖尿病孕妇的临床经过复杂。对母儿均有较大危害,必须引起重视。妊娠糖尿病吃什么主食最好?患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇宜食血糖指数低、高膳食纤维含量、易消化清淡的食物。建议孕妈多吃蔬菜如黄瓜、西红柿、青菜、芹菜等。水果如柚子、猕猴桃、草莓、青苹果。蛋白选择优质蛋白如瘦肉、牛奶、鱼类等。主食最好选择粗粮如玉米面、荞麦面、燕麦面做成的馒头。无论吃什么,都需要注意适量,妊娠期糖尿患者应少吃多餐,每天5到6餐适宜。妊娠糖尿病饮食要,多吃膳食纤维:在可摄取的份量范围内,多摄取高纤维食物,如:以糙米或五谷米饭取代白米饭,增加蔬菜的摄取量,吃新鲜水果而勿喝果汁等,如此可延缓血糖的升高,帮助血糖的控制,也比较有饱足感,但千万不可无限量地吃水果。增加主食中的蛋白质:在主食中增加蛋白质能够很好地降低,例如一般的小麦面条,强化蛋白质的意大利细面条饺子就是较好主食品,因为里面含有大量的蛋白质和纤维。炒菜时要用急火煮,少加水:食物的软硬、生熟、稀稠、颗粒大小都有影响。加工时间越长,温度越高,水分越多,糊化就越好,GI也越高,所以炒菜时最好用急火煮,少加水。妊娠糖尿病的孕妇主要是从食疗方面进行调理,饮食一定要少糖少盐,按期做好产检,控制糖耐量在正常的范围。
張丕基(),字仲弼,廣東省廣州府香山縣(今廣東省中山縣)人,清朝政治人物,進士出身。 光緒十二年,登進士,分刑部學習。光緒十五年,任刑部廣西司主稿,后任刑部候補主事。光緒二十七年,任刑部貴州司主事、刑部四川司主事。光緒二十九年,任會試同考官、記名以直隸州知州用、刑部直隸司員外郎。光緒三十三年,改任法部宥恤司員外郎、法部都事司郎中、宣統二年,任法官考試四川考試官,考驗京師各級審判檢察廳人員襄校官。 参考文献 清朝法部郎中 清朝刑部主事 香山县人
Sun Hill is an unincorporated community in Wyoming County, West Virginia, United States. Sun Hill is located on the Clear Fork and County Route 6. southwest of Oceana. References Unincorporated communities in Wyoming County, West Virginia Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
刺果藤的生长习性是什么??喜温暖、潮湿,光线充足,腐殖质丰富的湿润土壤。
教會紋章學(Ecclesiastical heraldry)是基督宗教的教士所應用的紋章學傳統。教會紋章起初用於標駐文件,之後則延伸出一種用來分辨教區或特定個人的系統。在天主教這個系統是一種正式的規範,用於主教們(包括教宗)的個人化牧徽之上。信義宗、聖公會、東儀天主教以及正教會的神職人員則將類似的傳統使用於標誌教會機構如學校或教區。 教會紋章的特色在於不像其他紋章,除了中間的盾徽被保留外,並沒有一般紋章的頭盔、武器等與軍隊和戰爭的相關元件,也不常使用護盾獸或是支撐物,也沒有飾徽,另以「教會標記」(insignia)替代來圍繞在盾徽周圍,用來表示紋章所有人在所屬教派或教會中的地位。最明顯的就是盾徽上方的寬邊帽(galero),這是一種闊邊的扁平帽,附有穗帶裝飾,教會標記中使用不同顏色以及流蘇(tassel)的數量代表紋章所有人的位階分別,如樞機主教使用紅帽,一般主教使用綠色的帽子。其他的教會標記還有十字架、主教冠或是牧杖,東儀天主教大多使用帶有個人風格的主教冠和權杖,以及祭衣作為標記而非寬邊帽。教宗的牧徽有自己的形式,主要是頂上的教宗三重冕(教宗本篤十六世和教宗方濟各以主教冠替代),聖伯多祿的鑰匙等。 歷史 紋章在歐洲一開始是為了作為戰士的標誌,用來傳達訊息或是在戰場上分辨身分等用途。之後也用於信件的蠟封上以及代表貴族的記號。 教會延用此類紋章作為文件的緘封,只是使用上下略尖的橢圓狀以和世俗的紋章作分別。1237年倫敦主教曾要求宗教當局在文件上使用緘封。英王愛德華一世在1307年下令所有文件都必須有用紋章緘封才具有法律效力,這項命令也包括了宗教單位。。主教和修道院長的緘封印章也許會在他死後由繼任者延用,逐漸形成一種非私人的印記。這類紋章原為描繪一個人的肖像但之後漸漸演變成一個盾徽,而作為神職人員而非戰士,教士們就以宗教的象徵物取代了原本的含有軍事元素的紋章配件。以教士帽取代了頭盔,以法袍和牧杖取代武器裝備。 天主教的紋章制度是經由很長的時間發展而成的,在里昂大公會議上,教宗諾森四世(1243年-1254年在位)將紅色的帽子賜予了樞機們,因此紅帽就成了樞機牧徽上的特徵。之後在1644年教宗諾森十世(1644年-1655年在位)下令禁止樞機持有世俗權力的紋章徽記,像是護盾獸或是冠冕,而這項禁令更在1915年本篤十五世(1914年-1922年在位)任內擴及宗主教、總主教以及一般主教。原本寬邊帽與主教冠都經常使用在牧徽上,但在1969年教宗保祿六世(1963年-1978年在位)下令禁止主教冠在個人紋章中的使用。不過前任教宗本篤十六世在他的牧徽上以主教冠取代之前的三重冕,此作法也被教宗方濟各延續。 現在的完整牧徽系統是在1905年,在教宗庇護十世(1903年-1914年在位)在1905年2月21日發布的《Inter multiplices curas》下進行訂立的。1915年由教宗本篤十五世成立宗座宮殿紋章委員會管理及接受牧徽註冊。這個委員會之後在1960年由教宗若望二十三世解散。自1969年後宗座年鑑也停止了對樞機主教和過去的教宗的牧徽的介紹。羅馬紋章院(Collegio Araldico)雖然有教廷的認可卻無法定權限。國際慣例和國家法律對教會紋章的影響有限,但自1960年以來,盾構的設計逐漸依賴依靠專家的意見。 1976年,聖公會英格蘭教會使用了一個類似的系統。另外東方基督教在紋章的傳統慣例較少。不過因為東方世俗貴族紋章經常表現出盾徽裝飾長袍和王冠。因此東方的神職人員經常仿效這種風格,但以儀式用的冠冕代替王冠。 標註文件或是在建築物作標誌是現在的教會紋章最主要的用途,在天主教的主教座堂中,在職主教的牧徽會放在主教座上,而該主教的牧函也常常標誌該位主教的牧徽。至於一些非個人性質的紋章也常常使用在教會學校或團體上。 盾徽 常見的教會紋章大多是盾型,雖然教士通常不使用武器或軍人相關的元素來設計徽章,但是盾型還是常見選擇。然而女性則常常使用菱形片狀的紋章,如女修院院長,也有人選擇長方形。 個人特色 在天主教,除非一個新任主教已經有了家族的紋章,牧徽大多是由主教自行或託人設計的。一般而言設計者大多會將自己的特色或是教區既有的標誌融入牧徽中。特定的聖人也會被放入牧徽使用的記號中。 紋章學最嚴格的規則在於用色。顏色分為兩類,一類為金屬色,包括金、銀兩色,一類為普通色,包括藍、紅、紫、黑、綠。紋章學的顏色只是概念性的,肉眼看來的深淺不同無關重要,譬如金、黃可以通用,銀、白也可以;血紅色和桃紅色均屬於紅色,沒有區別。用色的原則是:屬同類顏色的,不可以毗鄰。譬如金色不可跟銀色毗鄰,紅色不可跟紫色毗鄰。這條規則的原意顯然是為了形成深淺對比,使紋章看起來鮮明易辨。 但這條與顏色有關的規則有個例外,在梵諦岡城國的國旗和國徽以及教廷紋章上就將金色和銀色(或黃色對白色)放在一起,主要原因是因為在拜占庭傳統,黃金和白銀表達崇高和莊嚴,在此這兩者的組合就不受顏色規範的限制。 編組 若一個教區有慣有的盾徽紋飾,一般而言該教區的正權主教會將他自身的盾徽紋飾和教區的紋飾以紋章學的方式結合成新的盾徽來當成他的牧徽。這個紋章形式叫做編組,有些是以兩枚盾徽的紋飾,並列組合成一個新盾徽的形式(Impalement),習慣上把教區的紋飾置於觀者的左手邊,而個人的紋章放於右手邊。在德國和蘇格蘭則習慣將牧徽以四部組合法(Quartering)處理而非併排,也就是新盾徽分成四部分,將兩個紋飾以交錯的方式填入。有些當組合後的盾徽太擠時則會以在大盾上疊上小盾的方式去組合,像是德國亞探的海因里西·牧西哈夫主教(Heinrich Mussinghoff)牧徽就是一個例子,他以亞琛教區的慣例把個人的紋飾以小盾形式重疊在教區的盾徽上,有些教區則相反。樞機主教常常把任命自己為樞機的教宗盾徽加到自己的盾徽中。 羅馬天主教的英格蘭主教們在牧徽中往往只會使用他們的個人紋飾來設計盾徽,由於他們的教區管理並不屬於英國國家教會的系統,因此也沒有教區盾徽紋飾的使用權。然而在蘇格蘭的法律狀況則不同,許多羅馬天主教教區也擁有自己的紋飾。至於教省隸屬主教或輔理主教的個人盾徽,通常並不會將他所服務的教區的盾徽一起融入牧徽中。 其他標誌 盾徽是紋章的核心,然而在其周圍的標誌也是教會紋章的構成要素,通常這些標誌物代表著持有人在教會的地位,由其是作為主教牧徽的紋章上更為重要。天主教對此也有套規定。 教會帽 教會帽是天主教牧徽構成中的特色,是一種稱作寬邊帽(galero)的帽子,這種帽子源自於早期朝聖者在戴的一種草帽。最早是在13世紀的里昂大公大會上,教宗諾森四世規定樞機們需戴紅色的帽子,而紅帽很快就成為通用的牧徽標誌。到了16世紀,各種不同顏色和形式的帽子圖像被主教們用在牧徽上來代表持有者教會中地位的象徵。寬邊帽的裝飾穗狀流蘇,到了紋章上也成了一種地位的代號-穗帶(tassels),1832年出現了關於穗帶數量的正式規定。使用教會帽的牧徽以樞機為首,樞機主教的寬邊帽是紅色的,左右各有十五個穗帶,以1-2-3-4-5的序列排成五行。紅帽只限定樞機主教可以使用,其他主教使用綠色的帽子。總主教的穗帶為左右各十個穗帶,排成四行。一般教區主教則是左右各六個分成三行的穗帶,修院院長的寬邊帽與教區主教的形式相同。宗主教與樞機使用同樣數量的穗帶,而且穗帶及繩子會參雜金線,首席主教的牧徽也採用跟宗主教一樣的格式,只是金線只在繩子而沒到穗帶。由於綠帽在華語圈的文化中有負面意涵,華人主教往往採用不同的顏色來替代,如黑帽綠穗或暗紫色連穗。 十字架 作為牧徽構成元素的一環,十字架是放在盾徽的上方和教會帽的下方。在紋章系統中與教會帽不同的是,十字架不是用來代表牧徽所有人服務的教區的階級,而所有人本身的地位。十字架只能應用在教區主教的牧徽上。一般而言普通的教區主教使用只有一槓的拉丁十字,而宗主教們則使用二槓的宗主教十字(也稱為洛林十字),後來總主教也跟進使用。教宗三槓教宗十字,但是通常不會使用在牧徽上。 除了在教廷任職者外,樞機主教的牧徽上的十字會因為所管理的教區有所不同,如前香港主教陳日君樞機主教的牧徽就是一例,因為香港教區不是一個總教區,所以他的牧徽上只有拉丁十字。而且有些因年高德劭或其他原因,特別由教宗任命為樞機的司鐸品神職人員其牧徽上也不使用十字架。 主教冠 在西方教會中,曾經所有有資格穿戴主教冠的人都習慣主教冠放在盾徽上方,寬邊帽之下,包括修道院長,以此取代世俗性紋章中盔飾的位置。或者將飾章疊加在主教冠上,在以往的德國這是很常見的教會紋章。在聖公會主教冠依舊放在冠飾的位置而非教會帽。天主教則在1969年取消將主教冠使用於牧徽上,現在的冠飾的位置放置的是十字架;現在只有在一些教會組織的紋章上可以看到主教冠。 披帶 披帶是一種獨特的祭衣配件,專屬於教省總主教。而在教省總主教的牧徽上也可能看到這個配件,主要是出現在盾徽的底端,或者出現在盾徽的構圖中。至於領銜總主教的盾徽則沒有這項配件。 牧杖 牧杖是教會高級神職人員舉行禮儀時所用的道具,代表掌有聖統權。 紋章中的牧杖曾經作一種管轄權的象徵,屬於主教、男修院院長、女修院院長,甚至是並非教區主教的樞機主教們。通常主教的牧杖標誌是朝向觀者的右邊或是向外,而對於修院院長們則是朝向左邊或朝內,不過這類分法並非強制規定。教宗歷山七世曾經訂立包含紗布的牧杖樣式給修院院長使用在紋章,但這並未在英格蘭形成慣例。修院院長使用的牧杖圖樣比較常出現紗布,因為院長們在拿實體的牧杖時並不會像主教一樣戴手套。而牧杖在院長的牧徽上的位置,就跟十字架之於主教牧徽相同。天主教在1969年取消牧杖在主教及樞機牧徽上的使用,不過依然保留在院長們的牧徽以及某些機構的紋章上。在英國常常以兩根牧杖交叉放在盾徽背後。在瑞典的信義宗牧杖常常出現在主教的紋章上,但當主教退休時則自紋章上刪除。一些修會會長也保持牧杖作為紋章的一部分,原本是在盾徽背後,但在今日會長牧徽也常以一串玫瑰念珠圈起的圖樣代替盾徽。 格言 格言是一個簡短句子,通常以布條形式放置在盾徽下方,作為一種座右銘。天主教的主教和長老教會都慣於將座右銘放在紋章上,雖然這在英國聖公會主教比較少見。但有一個明顯的將座右銘放在牧徽上的例子,賈斯汀·韋爾比,現任坎特伯雷大主教。 參看 教宗牧徽 紋章學 参考文献 教会学 主教
请描述手癣的病因及发病机制?手癣多来自于搔抓足癣,股癣和头癣等的直接接触传染或甲癣及手背部体癣的蔓延,手癣的病原菌以红色毛癣菌为主,约占55.6%,其次为石膏样毛癣菌,约占22.7%.白色念珠菌也可引起与手癣相同的损害。不透气的衣物可增加皮肤局部的温度和湿度,干扰角质层的屏障功能。红色毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌侵入皮肤后,还要经过几个发展阶段,包括孵育期、在抗感染过程中增大和退化期。孵育期在角质层生长,临床表现轻微。一旦感染建立,毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌的生长速度和表皮更新速度对于损害的发展是两个关键性因素。两者必须相等或前者大于后者,否则毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌数量将下降。毛癣菌和须癣毛癣菌所产生的角蛋白酶和其他蛋白分解酶,不仅与其在皮肤定植和侵入,而且表现为皮肤损害。
Swingin' is a jazz album by Arturo Sandoval released in 1996. The album focuses on swing rhythms instead of Latin music. The album has been cited as "one of Arturo Sandoval's finest recordings," and a "nice addition to the Sandoval library", but classic Sandoval rather than attempting anything too innovative. The line up features clarinetist Eddie Daniels, tenorists Michael Brecker and Ed Calle, trombonist Dana Teboe and guitarist Mike Stern. Track listing "Moontrane" "Swingin'" "Moment's Notice" "Streets of Desire" "Real McBop" "Weird-fun" "Dizzy's Atmosphere" "Reflection" "Woody" "It Never Gets Old" "Mack the Knife" References 1996 albums Arturo Sandoval albums
服用复方维生素U片须注意的事项?1? 本品连续使用不得超过7天,症状未缓解,请咨询医师或药师。 2? 如服用过量或出现严重不良反应,请咨询医师,并进行对症处理。 3? 因本品能妨碍磷的吸收,故不宜长期大剂量服用。 4? 肾功能不全者、孕妇及哺乳期妇女应在医师指导下使用。 5? 儿童不宜使用本品。 6? 对本品过敏者禁用,过敏体质者慎用。 7? 本品性状发生改变时禁止使用。 8? 请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。 9? 如正在使用其他药品,使用本品前请咨询医师或药师。
遵义机场可以指: 遵义茅台机场 遵义新舟机场
气管处可听到异物冲击的拍击声的诊断是什么?异物进入下呼吸道的当时有剧烈咳嗽,以后常有或长或短的无症状期,故易于误诊。由于异物性质、存留部位及形状不同,症状也各异,现分述如下:(一)喉异物异物入喉时,立即发生呛咳、气急、反射性喉痉挛,而引起吸气性呼吸困难及喘鸣,若异物停留于喉上口,则有声音嘶哑或吞咽困难。稍大异物若阻塞于声门可立即窒息致死。(二)气管异物异物刚吸入,其症状与喉异物相似,以呛咳为主。以后,活动性异物随气流移动,可引起阵发性咳嗽及呼吸困难,在呼气末期于气管处可听到异物冲击气管壁和声门下区的拍击声。并在甲状软骨下可触及异物撞击震动感。由于气管腔被异物所占,或声门下水肿而狭小,致呼吸困难,并可引起喘鸣。(三)支气管异物早期症状与气管异物相似。由于不同种类异物可以出现不同症状。植物性异物,如花生米、豆类,因含有游离脂酸、油酸,对粘膜刺激较大,常出现高热、咳嗽、咯脓痰等急性支气管炎症状。若为金属异物,对局部刺激较小,如不发生阻塞,可存留在支气管中数月而无症状。以后,由于异物嵌顿于支气管而造成不同程度阻塞而出现不同症状。1.支气管不完全阻塞,吸气时气管扩大,空气可进入,呼气时因支气管缩小,呼出气少,终致阻塞处远端气体不断增加,形成阻塞性肺气肿。检查时可发现:呼吸时患侧胸部运动受限制;患侧呼吸音减低、语颤减弱、叩诊呈鼓音;X线透视检查可见心脏和纵隔向健侧移位,横膈平坦不支。在呼吸活动时可见心脏及纵隔摆动,即呼气终末时,心脏及纵隔移向健侧。吸气时,由于健侧压力增加,心脏及纵隔再移向正中,可用此现象和阻塞性肺不张相鉴别。2.支气管完全阻塞,呼气、吸气时空气均无法通过,则阻塞处远端空气逐渐被肺吸收,终于形成阻塞性肺不张。检查时可发现患侧呼吸运动受限制,患侧胸部平坦,呼吸音减弱或完全消失,语颤减弱,患侧叩诊呈浊音。X线透视可见心脏及纵隔向患侧移位,不随呼吸而移动,患侧横膈上升,肋间隙缩小,肺阴影较密实。
Dongfeng () is a town of Hailun City in west-central Heilongjiang province, China, located about from downtown Hailun. , it has 13 villages under its administration. See also List of township-level divisions of Heilongjiang References Township-level divisions of Heilongjiang
Ⅳ型肾小管性酸中毒的病因是什么?(一)发病原因主要病因为醛固酮缺乏、集合管对醛固酮作用耐受及电压依赖三种因素所致。许多疾病都可以引起型RTA。1.醛固酮缺乏 引起低肾素血症性低醛固酮血症的疾病,如各种慢性小管、间质肾脏病、糖尿病肾病、高血压肾硬化或肾移植等,均可引起醛固酮缺乏并继发肾素分泌不足。而Addison病,先天性醛固酮合成缺陷也可导致醛固酮分泌不足。2.肾对醛固酮反应性降低,伴有继发性高肾素血症和高醛固酮血症的疾病,如假性醛固酮缺乏症、失盐性肾炎及各种小管间质病变(滥用止痛药、镰状细胞病和梗阻性肾病)等。3.电压依赖性主要见于使用氨苯蝶啶后、镰状细胞贫血等。(二)发病机制 正常情况下,远端肾单位的皮质集合管在醛固酮调节下,增加Na+的吸收,促进K+和H+的分泌。本型肾小管酸中毒发病机制尚不完全清楚。目前认为醛固酮缺乏以及远端肾小管对醛固酮反应降低是主要发病环节。醛固酮缺乏使远端肾小管不能潴留Na+ 、排K、排Cl-,泌H+而引起高氯性酸中毒与高血钾。肾素缺乏是低醛固酮血症的主要原因,其次还包括血管紧张素不足,肾上腺皮质球状带生物合或障碍等。肾素分泌不足是与肾小球旁器的结构与功能障碍有关。肾小球硬化与间质纤维化均可导致肾小球旁器的损伤。其他,肾素前体转化障碍,前列环素缺乏,容量扩张,内皮素作用也与肾素分泌减少有关。肾小管对醛固酮反应低下可能与肾小管的醛固酮受体损害有关,主要是型受体。研究表明,低醛固酮血症与肾功能损害无关。而内生肌酐清除率下降与尿NH3排出正相关。提示某些轻度肾功能损害的DRTA可能与远端肾小管结构与功能损害有关。病变不仅累及间介细胞H+泵功能缺陷,也累及主细胞造成Na+ - K+运转缺陷,故亦称为全远端肾小管性酸中毒。此外,有人提出本型肾小管性酸中毒是由于氯的再吸收过多(氯分流学说)。由于氯的再吸收相对较钠多,故体内NaCl增多,细胞外液扩张,血压升高与血肾素与醛固酮降低;同时远端肾小管穿膜电位下降,因而泌钾障碍,引起高钾血症与酸中毒。另外,其发病机制因根底疾病不同而有所差异:1.慢性小管、间质肾脏病所致者 远端肾小管细胞功能有损害,排H+、K+减少,产氨减少致排氨减少,发生酸中毒和高钾血症,或因同时有近端肾小管对HCO3-重吸收障碍,尿中有大量HCO3-丢失,而加重酸中毒。2.醛固酮分泌不足或肾小管对醛固酮反应降低所致者 则远端肾小管排泌H+ 和K+障碍,以致H+ 和K+在体内潴留, HCO3-从尿中丢失,而发生酸中毒和高钾血症。高钾血症由于抑制肾脏产氨(最重要的尿缓冲物质),因而使H+排出受限制,也加重酸中毒。
宫颈糜烂二度严重吗?怎么治疗比较好??宫颈糜烂是宫颈柱状上皮异位属正常生理现象,没有什么特殊的临床表现。有些人可能会有接触性出血的表现,但只是宫颈的个体差异。如果有白带增多、发黄,有异味时,则是宫颈炎症的表现。宫颈那囊和肥大,也是宫颈慢性炎症的结果。宫颈的定期检查很有必要,不是为了预防宫颈糜烂,而是为了预防宫颈癌。宫颈癌的发生与人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)的感染有关,有些高危型HPV感染患者,在宫颈鳞柱交界区持续感染时,容易发生癌前病变和宫颈癌。宫颈癌自从有了宫颈刮片以后,死亡率有了大幅度的下降,关键就是提前预防和治疗。目前推荐21岁以后的女性应该每年进行一次宫颈刮片检查,30岁以后,可以联合作HPV检查,如果连续3次HPV和宫颈刮片检查都阴性,可以间隔时间延长到3年检查一次,65岁以后可以停止筛查。宫颈柱状上皮异位不需要进行任何治疗,现在诸多治疗宫颈糜烂的方法,都是错误的。但对于有症状的宫颈炎,需要进行治疗。急性炎症用栓剂药物治疗,慢性炎症可以采用激光或者冷冻等物理治疗的方法。患上宫颈糜烂后,女性要特别注意保持个人的卫生,尤其是外阴部位的清洁,但也要注意不要用浓度较大的消毒液冲洗阴道,这样会影响阴道正常菌群的生长,会导致病情加重。食要以清淡为主,不要吃一些有刺激性的食物,宫颈糜烂要多吃一些蔬菜和水果,烹调食物时以蒸煮为宜,并要注意休息。应该每天都要进行锻炼身体,可以增强身体的免疫力,提供身体抵御疾病的能力。还要注意性生活的卫生,不要太频繁等。
(学名:Matonaviridae)为戊肝病毒目的一个科。只有风疹病毒属(Rubivirus)一个属。 下级分类 风疹病毒属包括以下种: 参考文献 F