gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-63543 | 5a7a51c317ab25001a8a04fe | Buckingham_Palace | The palace, like Windsor Castle, is owned by the Crown Estate. It is not the monarch's personal property, unlike Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle. Many of the contents from Buckingham Palace, Windsor Castle, Kensington Palace, and St James's Palace are part of the Royal Collection, held in trust by the Sovereign; ... | Who has never owned Buckingham Palace? | Who has never owned Buckingham Palace? | [
"Who has never owned Buckingham Palace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39592 | 57278af2dd62a815002e9fd0 | FA_Cup | The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. This means the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, although time is saved by engraving ... | Where is he cup presentation made? | Where is he cup presentation made? | [
"Where is he cup presentation made? "
] | {
"text": [
", the presentation is made at the Royal Box"
],
"answer_start": [
575
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19722 | 57312b61e6313a140071ccb8 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landin... | In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them? | In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them? | [
"In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them?"
] | {
"text": [
"conquered or significantly influenced"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110077 | 5ad3fde7604f3c001a3ffc0a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate? | What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate? | [
" What was Roscoe Jackson's birthdate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93334 | 5ad19379645df0001a2d2034 | Light-emitting_diode | White LEDs can also be made by coating near-ultraviolet (NUV) LEDs with a mixture of high-efficiency europium-based phosphors that emit red and blue, plus copper and aluminium-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu, Al) that emits green. This is a method analogous to the way fluorescent lamps work. This method is less efficient th... | White LEDs can be made by not coating what? | White LEDs can be made by not coating what? | [
"White LEDs can be made by not coating what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55059 | 5a396c122f14dd001ac7231d | Everton_F.C. | Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park, which was the site for the new Liverpool F.C. stadium, with the first official match taking place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home unt... | In what year did John Houlding become Everton's chairman? | In what year did John Houlding become Everton's chairman? | [
"In what year did John Houlding become Everton's chairman?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114508 | 570a64106d058f1900182dfc | Emotion | Emotions are thought to be related to certain activities in brain areas that direct our attention, motivate our behavior, and determine the significance of what is going on around us. Pioneering work by Broca (1878), Papez (1937), and MacLean (1952) suggested that emotion is related to a group of structures in the cent... | When did Broca publish his pioneering work? | When did Broca publish his pioneering work? | [
"When did Broca publish his pioneering work?"
] | {
"text": [
"1878"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75320 | 572876fb3acd2414000dfa25 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The Black Wednesday economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls. Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sust... | WHen was Black Wednesday? | WHen was Black Wednesday? | [
"WHen was Black Wednesday?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1992"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89529 | 572fa09004bcaa1900d76b17 | The_Blitz | Based on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop per day grew as ai... | Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian? | Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian? | [
"Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basil Liddell-Hart"
],
"answer_start": [
1008
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48484 | 5a85ac3cb4e223001a8e7188 | War_on_Terror | On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners, they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger... | How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse? | How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse? | [
"How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85320 | 5a7a677f21c2de001afe9bda | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Who was the first president to be lost from the ECB? | Who was the first president to be lost from the ECB? | [
"Who was the first president to be lost from the ECB?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29676 | 5ad186c5645df0001a2d1e97 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are typically also mortalist, the iss... | Who did Mary recognize herself as? | Who did Mary recognize herself as? | [
"Who did Mary recognize herself as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100312 | 5acd3b1f07355d001abf39a5 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004,... | How many million USD is equivalent to 160 million rupees? | How many million USD is equivalent to 160 million rupees? | [
"How many million USD is equivalent to 160 million rupees? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12632 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9f7 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence? | What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence? | [
"What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62795 | 572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d5 | Pain | In 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, along with Avicen... | Who migrated to the theory of specificity en mass? | Who migrated to the theory of specificity en mass? | [
"Who migrated to the theory of specificity en mass?"
] | {
"text": [
"psychologists"
],
"answer_start": [
1018
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85220 | 57278d70708984140094e0a5 | Supreme_court | Final interpretation of and amendments to the German Constitution, the Grundgesetz, is the task of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court), which is the de facto highest German court, as it can declare both federal and state legislation ineffective, and has the power to overrule decisions of all oth... | The english translation of this court and its duties is what? | The english translation of this court and its duties is what? | [
"The english translation of this court and its duties is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Federal Constitutional Court"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27190 | 5a57e635770dc0001aeefe97 | Orthodox_Judaism | Politically, Orthodox Jews, given their variety of movements and affiliations, tend not to conform easily to the standard left-right political spectrum, with one of the key differences between the movements stemming from the groups' attitudes to Zionism. Generally speaking, of the three key strands of Orthodox Judaism,... | Which groups of Orthodox Jews are outspokenly pro-Zionistic? | Which groups of Orthodox Jews are outspokenly pro-Zionistic? | [
"Which groups of Orthodox Jews are outspokenly pro-Zionistic? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49442 | 570d1780b3d812140066d408 | Valencia | Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in servic... | What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in industry? | What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in industry? | [
"What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.5"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47790 | 57268f1b708984140094ca1f | Napoleon | Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics. The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West I... | When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur? | When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur? | [
"When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 1805"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67143 | 57270755708984140094d8b5 | Nutrition | In the US, nutritional standards and recommendations are established jointly by the US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food... | Nutritional standards and recommendations are produced by a joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture and which other department? | Nutritional standards and recommendations are produced by a joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture and which other department? | [
"Nutritional standards and recommendations are produced by a joint effort between the US Department of Agriculture and which other department?"
] | {
"text": [
"US Department of Health and Human Services"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39581 | 57278a24708984140094e050 | FA_Cup | The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so ... | How many physical trophies have been presented? | How many physical trophies have been presented? | [
"How many physical trophies have been presented? "
] | {
"text": [
"five physical trophies have been presented"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29042 | 571d0e925efbb31900334e8f | Pharmaceutical_industry | Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles... | Who helped refine the measles vaccine? | Who helped refine the measles vaccine? | [
"Who helped refine the measles vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maurice Hilleman"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72853 | 5ad36009604f3c001a3fdf27 | Dell | The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android. The Dell Streak was a fail... | What year did Dell see its first rise in holiday sales? | What year did Dell see its first rise in holiday sales? | [
"What year did Dell see its first rise in holiday sales?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103265 | 571de3ebb64a571400c71dda | Multiracial_American | Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War, meaning tha... | Not recognizing white fatherhood for multiracial slave children cause what to be lost? | Not recognizing white fatherhood for multiracial slave children cause what to be lost? | [
"Not recognizing white fatherhood for multiracial slave children cause what to be lost?"
] | {
"text": [
"paternity"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41688 | 56d61c4e1c85041400946f1c | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The Internet was extensively used for passing information to aid rescue and recovery efforts. For example, the official news agency Xinhua set up an online rescue request center in order to find the blind spots of disaster recovery. After knowing that rescue helicopters had trouble landing into the epicenter area in We... | What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter? | What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter? | [
"What person suggested a landing spot for helicopters near the epicenter?"
] | {
"text": [
"a student"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101978 | 57291636af94a219006aa069 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | How many made to establish new states in the territories lying east of the Oder-Neisse Line? | How many made to establish new states in the territories lying east of the Oder-Neisse Line? | [
"How many made to establish new states in the territories lying east of the Oder-Neisse Line?"
] | {
"text": [
"no attempts"
],
"answer_start": [
919
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87266 | 5a1f62bc54a786001a36b298 | Videoconferencing | The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA), which oversees the world's largest administrative judicial system under its Office of Disability Adjudication and Review (ODAR), has made extensive use of videoconferencing to conduct hearings at remote locations. In Fiscal Year (FY) 2009, the U.S. Social Security Administ... | By what percentage did the SSA's hearing backlog increase in 2009? | By what percentage did the SSA's hearing backlog increase in 2009? | [
"By what percentage did the SSA's hearing backlog increase in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79143 | 5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bbf | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess h... | What kind of scores did GameTrailers receive from many video game review sources? | What kind of scores did GameTrailers receive from many video game review sources? | [
"What kind of scores did GameTrailers receive from many video game review sources?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103888 | 573424434776f41900661943 | Montana | The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Montana was 1,032,949 on July 1, 2015, a 4.40% increase since the 2010 United States Census. The 2010 census put Montana's population at 989,415 which is an increase of 43,534 people, or 4.40 percent, since 2010. During the first decade of the new century... | What county saw the largest growth? | What county saw the largest growth? | [
"What county saw the largest growth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gallatin County"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57087 | 5728d27cff5b5019007da76b | Apollo | It seems an oracular cult existed in Delphi from the Mycenaean ages. In historical times, the priests of Delphi were called Labryaden, "the double-axe men", which indicates Minoan origin. The double-axe, labrys, was the holy symbol of the Cretan labyrinth. The Homeric hymn adds that Apollo appeared as a dolphin and car... | What is another name for the double-axe? | What is another name for the double-axe? | [
"What is another name for the double-axe?"
] | {
"text": [
"labrys"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19076 | 5ad0dfae645df0001a2d0758 | Premier_League | The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result. An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds f... | In which year did the UK Restrictive Practices Court find BSkyB to be dominant in the pay TV sports market? | In which year did the UK Restrictive Practices Court find BSkyB to be dominant in the pay TV sports market? | [
"In which year did the UK Restrictive Practices Court find BSkyB to be dominant in the pay TV sports market?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44940 | 5ace27d732bba1001ae49bdf | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in... | ABC Records was established in what year? | ABC Records was established in what year? | [
"ABC Records was established in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92864 | 57336314d058e614000b59cc | Tajikistan | The Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, move... | What empire brought Islam practices with them? | What empire brought Islam practices with them? | [
"What empire brought Islam practices with them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hephthalite Empire,"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14621 | 5733229dd058e614000b5716 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In addition to numerous articles on mathematics, Whitehead wrote three major books on the subject: A Treatise on Universal Algebra (1898), Principia Mathematica (co-written with Bertrand Russell and published in three volumes between 1910 and 1913), and An Introduction to Mathematics (1911). The former two books were a... | What was Whitehead's first published book on mathematics? | What was Whitehead's first published book on mathematics? | [
"What was Whitehead's first published book on mathematics?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Treatise on Universal Algebra"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82331 | 5a7128460efcfe001a8afd83 | Pesticide | Pesticides safety education and pesticide applicator regulation are designed to protect the public from pesticide misuse, but do not eliminate all misuse. Reducing the use of pesticides and choosing less toxic pesticides may reduce risks placed on society and the environment from pesticide use. Integrated pest manageme... | What has pesticide safety education reduced in Australia? | What has pesticide safety education reduced in Australia? | [
"What has pesticide safety education reduced in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2772 | 5730115b04bcaa1900d770e5 | British_Isles | The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (... | Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material? | Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material? | [
"Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material?"
] | {
"text": [
"writings of sea-farers"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31173 | 57097db3ed30961900e8420d | Identity_(social_science) | Gender identity forms an important part of identity in psychology, as it dictates to a significant degree how one views oneself both as a person and in relation to other people, ideas and nature. Other aspects of identity, such as racial, religious, ethnic, occupational… etc. may also be more or less significant – or s... | What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of? | What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of? | [
"What are racial, religious, ethnic, and occupational aspects aspects of?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13846 | 5a83202ae60761001a2eb415 | BBC_Television | The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedo... | How long did two systems run on a trial basis for? | How long did two systems run on a trial basis for? | [
"How long did two systems run on a trial basis for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64998 | 572950ad6aef051400154cb6 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | As of 2014, the wind industry in the USA is able to produce more power at lower cost by using taller wind turbines with longer blades, capturing the faster winds at higher elevations. This has opened up new opportunities and in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio, the price of power from wind turbines built 300 feet to 400 fee... | Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel? | Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel? | [
"Wind turbines in the USA can now compete with what type of fuel?"
] | {
"text": [
"conventional fossil fuels like coal"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34093 | 5728ec472ca10214002daa9b | Alaska | Most food in Alaska is transported into the state from "Outside", and shipping costs make food in the cities relatively expensive. In rural areas, subsistence hunting and gathering is an essential activity because imported food is prohibitively expensive. Though most small towns and villages in Alaska lie along the coa... | How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska? | How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska? | [
"How much does it cost to transport a gallon of milk in some rural areas of Alaska?"
] | {
"text": [
"$3.50"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42987 | 570d76f1fed7b91900d4616f | Franco-Prussian_War | During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January... | What did the National Guard refuse to wear? | What did the National Guard refuse to wear? | [
"What did the National Guard refuse to wear?"
] | {
"text": [
"uniforms"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34480 | 56f8aa0d9b226e1400dd0d99 | Southampton | Southampton has always been a port, and the docks have long been a major employer in the city. In particular, it is a port for cruise ships; its heyday was the first half of the 20th century, and in particular the inter-war years, when it handled almost half the passenger traffic of the UK. Today it remains home to lux... | Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK? | Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK? | [
"Going by what unit of measurement makes Southampton the fourth largest port in the UK?"
] | {
"text": [
"tonnage"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37339 | 5727adf42ca10214002d9377 | Switzerland | The most dense rail network in Europe of 5,063 km (3,146 mi) carries over 350 million passengers annually. In 2007, each Swiss citizen travelled on average 2,258 km (1,403 mi) by rail, which makes them the keenest rail users. The network is administered mainly by the Federal Railways, except in Graubünden, where the 36... | In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails? | In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails? | [
"In 2007, what was the average amount of km's travelled by eacg Swiss citizens on the rails?"
] | {
"text": [
"2,258"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7924 | 5acfcfaa77cf76001a686138 | Copyright_infringement | There have been instances where a country's government bans a movie, resulting in the spread of copied videos and DVDs. Romanian-born documentary maker Ilinca Calugareanu wrote a New York Times article telling the story of Irina Margareta Nistor, a narrator for state TV under Nicolae Ceauşescu's regime. A visitor from ... | What happens when a country accepts a movie? | What happens when a country accepts a movie? | [
"What happens when a country accepts a movie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12418 | 5a65deebc2b11c001a425d89 | Antibiotics | Inappropriate antibiotic treatment and overuse of antibiotics have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Self prescription of antibiotics is an example of misuse. Many antibiotics are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms or diseases that do not respond to antibiotics or that are likely to re... | What are the two biggest reasons for antibiotics? | What are the two biggest reasons for antibiotics? | [
"What are the two biggest reasons for antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60830 | 5a3700b995360f001af1b3cb | Gregorian_calendar | Up to February 28 in the calendar you are converting from add one day less or subtract one day more than the calculated value. Remember to give February the appropriate number of days for the calendar you are converting into. When you are subtracting days to move from Julian to Gregorian be careful, when calculating th... | What you add to move from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar? | What you add to move from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar? | [
"What you add to move from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104329 | 5ad21390d7d075001a428348 | Mandolin | The Sydney Mandolins (Artistic Director: Adrian Hooper) have contributed greatly to the repertoire through commissioning over 200 works by Australian and International composers. Most of these works have been released on Compact Disks and can regularly be heard on radio stations on the ABC and MBS networks. One of thei... | On what media was most of these work never released? | On what media was most of these work never released? | [
" On what media was most of these work never released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8177 | 5ad019e277cf76001a6869e4 | Copyright_infringement | Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion, what... | What book did Professor Aram Sinnreich read? | What book did Professor Aram Sinnreich read? | [
"What book did Professor Aram Sinnreich read?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48503 | 572844774b864d190016486c | War_on_Terror | Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remai... | What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan? | What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan? | [
"What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"oust the Taliban regime"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24859 | 56cf33c4aab44d1400b88e31 | New_York_City | In 2014, the city had an estimated population density of 27,858 people per square mile (10,756/km²), rendering it the most densely populated of all municipalities housing over 100,000 residents in the United States; however, several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent Hudson County, New Jersey are more den... | Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City? | Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City? | [
"Some cities in what county have a higher population density than New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hudson County"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71969 | 5acf670e77cf76001a684d78 | Capacitor | Capacitors made with any type of dielectric material will show some level of "dielectric absorption" or "soakage". On discharging a capacitor and disconnecting it, after a short time it may develop a voltage due to hysteresis in the dielectric. This effect can be objectionable in applications such as precision sample a... | What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor never display? | What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor never display? | [
"What level of dielectric absorption would a tantalum electrolytic capacitor never display?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7000 | 57314067a5e9cc1400cdbdc0 | Red | As a ray of white sunlight travels through the atmosphere to the eye, some of the colors are scattered out of the beam by air molecules and airborne particles due to Rayleigh scattering, changing the final color of the beam that is seen. Colors with a shorter wavelength, such as blue and green, scatter more strongly, a... | What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering? | What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering? | [
"What occurs to colors of short wavelengths in Rayleigh scattering?"
] | {
"text": [
"scatter more strongly"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81410 | 5ad17166645df0001a2d1bc1 | Queen_Victoria | During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no sho... | Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to aid her? | Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to aid her? | [
"Who was riding in the carriage with Victoria when Oxford attempted to aid her?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48447 | 572842b53acd2414000df7f2 | War_on_Terror | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan? | When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan? | [
"When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 1989"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12081 | 5ad14ab5645df0001a2d15bf | Universal_Studios | As Universal's main product had always been low-budget film, it was one of the last major studios to have a contract with Technicolor. The studio did not make use of the three-strip Technicolor process until Arabian Nights (1942), starring Jon Hall and Maria Montez. The following year, Technicolor was also used in Univ... | Who starred in the 1942 version of Phantom of the Opera? | Who starred in the 1942 version of Phantom of the Opera? | [
"Who starred in the 1942 version of Phantom of the Opera?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89911 | 57268ec7dd62a815002e8982 | Somerset | The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended a... | What did king Edward the 3 do | What did king Edward the 3 do | [
"What did king Edward the 3 do "
] | {
"text": [
"Edward III proclaimed \"that the town of Bristol with its suburbs and precincts shall henceforth be separate from the counties of Gloucester and Somerset"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63866 | 5727ff9cff5b5019007d9a87 | USB | Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one inp... | What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable? | What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable? | [
"What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable?"
] | {
"text": [
"one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45827 | 5ace2fd632bba1001ae49d2d | YouTube | Conversely, YouTube has also allowed government to more easily engage with citizens, the White House's official YouTube channel being the seventh top news organization producer on YouTube in 2012 and in 2013 a healthcare exchange commissioned Obama impersonator Iman Crosson's YouTube music video spoof to encourage youn... | Where did the White House's official channel rank in 2013? | Where did the White House's official channel rank in 2013? | [
"Where did the White House's official channel rank in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59937 | 56f98a729b226e1400dd1540 | Zhejiang | The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinat... | How are the politics of Zhejiang structured? | How are the politics of Zhejiang structured? | [
"How are the politics of Zhejiang structured?"
] | {
"text": [
"a dual party-government system"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110953 | 5a81be8331013a001a334e2d | Group_(mathematics) | The University of Chicago's 1960–61 Group Theory Year brought together group theorists such as Daniel Gorenstein, John G. Thompson and Walter Feit, laying the foundation of a collaboration that, with input from numerous other mathematicians, classified all finite simple groups in 1982. This project exceeded previous ma... | What was classified in 1960? | What was classified in 1960? | [
"What was classified in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112506 | 5acecba032bba1001ae4b44e | United_States_Army | The Total Force Policy was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involves treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. Believing that no U.S. president should be able to take... | What war was responsible for the recall of the Total Force Policy? | What war was responsible for the recall of the Total Force Policy? | [
"What war was responsible for the recall of the Total Force Policy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107901 | 5acfb96c77cf76001a685a98 | Umayyad_Caliphate | However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn... | What battle did the Byzantines win? | What battle did the Byzantines win? | [
"What battle did the Byzantines win?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11857 | 56faed40f34c681400b0c1b4 | Somalis | Somali architecture is a rich and diverse tradition of engineering and designing. It involves multiple different construction types, such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, mausoleums, towers, tombs, tumuli, cairns, megaliths, menhirs, stelae, dolmens, stone circles, monuments, temples, enclosures... | Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist? | Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist? | [
"Along with the early modern and ancient, during what period did Somali architecture exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73621 | 56d386e359d6e4140014664d | American_Idol | The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 b... | Which television network originally aired All in the Family? | Which television network originally aired All in the Family? | [
"Which television network originally aired All in the Family? "
] | {
"text": [
"CBS"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60991 | 5732a05ccc179a14009dab90 | Police | In 1797, Patrick Colquhoun was able to persuade the West Indies merchants who operated at the Pool of London on the River Thames, to establish a police force at the docks to prevent rampant theft that was causing annual estimated losses of £500,000 worth of cargo. The idea of a police, as it then existed in France, was... | Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police? | Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police? | [
"Who convinced the West Indies merchants in London to establish police?"
] | {
"text": [
"Patrick Colquhoun"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55881 | 57261c1f38643c19005ad012 | Clothing | Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure.[citation needed] Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributin... | What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights? | What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights? | [
"What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights?"
] | {
"text": [
"the International Labor Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112482 | 5acec4b532bba1001ae4b34d | United_States_Army | For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and ... | Who released Atlanta? | Who released Atlanta? | [
"Who released Atlanta?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1879 | 5ad175e2645df0001a2d1ce2 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The military history of the American side of the war involved different strategies over the years. The bombing campaigns of the Air Force were tightly controlled by the White House for political reasons, and until 1972 avoided the main Northern cities of Hanoi and Haiphong and concentrated on bombing jungle supply trai... | When did the UK start bombing Hanoi? | When did the UK start bombing Hanoi? | [
"When did the UK start bombing Hanoi?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106829 | 5a8480d67cf838001a46a8a6 | East_India_Company | At the Battle of Pulo Aura, which was probably the company's most notable naval victory, Nathaniel Dance, Commodore of a convoy of Indiamen and sailing aboard the Warley, led several Indiamen in a skirmish with a French squadron, driving them off. Some six years earlier, on 28 January 1797, five Indiamen, the Woodford,... | What was the only naval defeat EIC had? | What was the only naval defeat EIC had? | [
"What was the only naval defeat EIC had?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40623 | 5ad691a8191832001aa7b243 | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many paper bags are used by Americans each year? | How many paper bags are used by Americans each year? | [
" How many paper bags are used by Americans each year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101814 | 56d639a01c85041400947016 | Dog | The practice of using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late 18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions to help socialize patients with mental disorders. Animal-assisted intervention research has shown that animal-assisted therapy with a dog can increase social behav... | Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize? | Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize? | [
"Dogs were taken where to help people with mental disorders socialize?"
] | {
"text": [
"mental institutions"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84759 | 5730267504bcaa1900d77243 | San_Diego | The members of the city council are each elected from single member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit. Elections are held on a non-partisan basi... | Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007? | Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007? | [
"Were there more Democrats or Republicans in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31057 | 5a147267c8eab200188dca39 | Identity_(social_science) | The description or representation of individual and group identity is a central task for psychologists, sociologists and anthropologists and those of other disciplines where "identity" needs to be mapped and defined. How should one describe the identity of another, in ways which encompass both their idiosyncratic quali... | What results in the individual evaluating their community? | What results in the individual evaluating their community? | [
"What results in the individual evaluating their community?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99691 | 56fb7c988ddada1400cd6465 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary? | In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary? | [
"In approximately what year did the Magyars settle in Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [
"900"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104459 | 5ad231f3d7d075001a428748 | Mandolin | Instruments were marketed by teacher-dealers, much as the title character in the popular musical The Music Man. Often, these teacher-dealers conducted mandolin orchestras: groups of 4-50 musicians who played various mandolin family instruments. However, alongside the teacher-dealers were serious musicians, working to c... | Who was the famous North American musican and director? | Who was the famous North American musican and director? | [
"Who was the famous North American musican and director?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95848 | 5ad3ede9604f3c001a3ff7d0 | Yale_University | Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Y... | What baseball playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale? | What baseball playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale? | [
"What baseball playing character in The Great Gatsby played for Yale?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44769 | 56f8b7f99e9bad19000a0393 | Gene | Early work in molecular genetics suggested the model that one gene makes one protein. This model has been refined since the discovery of genes that can encode multiple proteins by alternative splicing and coding sequences split in short section across the genome whose mRNAs are concatenated by trans-splicing. | What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest? | What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest? | [
"What model did early work in molecular genetics suggest?"
] | {
"text": [
"the model that one gene makes one protein."
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99826 | 56fb896db28b3419009f1e17 | Middle_Ages | Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England, France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantr... | Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period? | Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period? | [
"Why did kings increase the tax rate during this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paying for the wars"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43101 | 5a84d43f7cf838001a46aace | Poultry | Since their domestication, a large number of breeds of chickens have been established, but with the exception of the white Leghorn, most commercial birds are of hybrid origin. In about 1800, chickens began to be kept on a larger scale, and modern high-output poultry farms were present in the United Kingdom from around ... | What began in 1820? | What began in 1820? | [
"What began in 1820?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98568 | 5a5f9422eae51e001ab14b43 | Marvel_Comics | In 1961, writer-editor Stan Lee revolutionized superhero comics by introducing superheroes designed to appeal to more all-ages readers than the predominantly child audiences of the medium. Modern Marvel's first superhero team, the titular stars of The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961), broke convention with other comic boo... | What was Marvel's least successful book? | What was Marvel's least successful book? | [
"What was Marvel's least successful book?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72433 | 57267226708984140094c655 | Greece | Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools (Γενικό Λύκειο, Genikό Lykeiό) and technical–vocational educational schools (Τεχνικά και Επαγγελματικά Εκπαιδευτήρια, "TEE"). Post-compulsory secondary education also includes vocational training institutes (Ινστι... | Greece's secondary education has how many school types? | Greece's secondary education has how many school types? | [
"Greece's secondary education has how many school types?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1089 | 5a8490bd7cf838001a46a958 | Endangered_Species_Act | The "Safe Harbor" agreement is a voluntary agreement between the private landowner and FWS. The landowner agrees to alter the property to benefit or even attract a listed or proposed species in exchange for assurances that the FWS will permit future "takes" above a pre-determined level. The policy relies on the "enhanc... | What provision is the ITP under? | What provision is the ITP under? | [
"What provision is the ITP under?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48396 | 56fa5e2df34c681400b0c0ae | Wood | Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example o... | Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood? | Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood? | [
"Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood?"
] | {
"text": [
"sticks"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29926 | 5a54f415134fea001a0e177c | CBC_Television | Under the CBC's current arrangement with Rogers Communications for National Hockey League broadcast rights, Hockey Night in Canada broadcasts on CBC-owned stations and affiliates are not technically aired over the CBC Television network, but over a separate CRTC-licensed part-time network operated by Rogers. This was r... | Why was it necessary to the CBC to purchase Rogers Communication? | Why was it necessary to the CBC to purchase Rogers Communication? | [
"Why was it necessary to the CBC to purchase Rogers Communication?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77462 | 57324644e17f3d14004227b3 | Armenians | Instruments like the duduk, the dhol, the zurna and the kanun are commonly found in Armenian folk music. Artists such as Sayat Nova are famous due to their influence in the development of Armenian folk music. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious musi... | What kind of music does Sayat Nova play? | What kind of music does Sayat Nova play? | [
"What kind of music does Sayat Nova play?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armenian folk music"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75741 | 5705dec952bb89140068963a | The_Times | The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register and became The Times on 1 January 1788. The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly ow... | What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register? | What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register? | [
"What year did The Times change its name from The Daily Universal Register?"
] | {
"text": [
"1788"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39188 | 5731e472b9d445190005e633 | Protestantism | Anglicanism comprises the Church of England and churches which are historically tied to it or hold similar beliefs, worship practices and church structures. The word Anglican originates in ecclesia anglicana, a medieval Latin phrase dating to at least 1246 that means the English Church. There is no single "Anglican Chu... | What does Anglican mean? | What does Anglican mean? | [
"What does Anglican mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"the English Church"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75641 | 5acfd0d477cf76001a686176 | Cubism | Cubist sculpture developed in parallel to Cubist painting. During the autumn of 1909 Picasso sculpted Head of a Woman (Fernande) with positive features depicted by negative space and vice versa. According to Douglas Cooper: "The first true Cubist sculpture was Picasso's impressive Woman's Head, modeled in 1909–10, a co... | What did Alexander Archipenko paint in 1915? | What did Alexander Archipenko paint in 1915? | [
"What did Alexander Archipenko paint in 1915?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58643 | 5a2ad0825b078a001a2f06fd | Sanskrit | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | What did Sir William Jones create enthusiasm about in the 17th century? | What did Sir William Jones create enthusiasm about in the 17th century? | [
"What did Sir William Jones create enthusiasm about in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42951 | 570d7143fed7b91900d46114 | Franco-Prussian_War | Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no... | Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country? | Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country? | [
"Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussia"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110428 | 57265a655951b619008f705b | Professional_wrestling | Sometimes, poly-sided matches that pit every one for themselves will incorporate tagging rules. Outside of kayfabe, this is done to give wrestlers a break from the action (as these matches tend to go on for long periods of time), and to make the action in the ring easier to choreograph. One of the most mainstream examp... | In a fatal four-way, who can make tags? | In a fatal four-way, who can make tags? | [
"In a fatal four-way, who can make tags?"
] | {
"text": [
"tags can be made between any two wrestlers."
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92292 | 5a5025a7ce860b001aa3faeb | Asthma | The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication.... | What's weak and isn't helping prevent the development of the flu? | What's weak and isn't helping prevent the development of the flu? | [
"What's weak and isn't helping prevent the development of the flu?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100052 | 5ace55f632bba1001ae4a2eb | Guam | Two aspects of indigenous pre-Hispanic culture that withstood time are chenchule' and inafa'maolek. Chenchule' is the intricate system of reciprocity at the heart of Chamorro society. It is rooted in the core value of inafa'maolek. Historian Lawrence Cunningham in 1992 wrote, "In a Chamorro sense, the land and its prod... | What is one of Historian Lawrence Cunningham's own cultures concepts? | What is one of Historian Lawrence Cunningham's own cultures concepts? | [
"What is one of Historian Lawrence Cunningham's own cultures concepts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7192 | 5ad5014c5b96ef001a10a91c | Red | In 1870, following the stunning defeat of the French Army by the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War, French workers and socialist revolutionaries seized Paris and created the Paris Commune. The Commune lasted for two months before it was crushed by the French Army, with much bloodshed. The original red banners of the C... | Who did the French Army defeat in 1870? | Who did the French Army defeat in 1870? | [
"Who did the French Army defeat in 1870?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49629 | 570d6968b3d812140066d886 | Valencia | The third largest city in Spain and the 24th most populous municipality in the European Union, Valencia has a population of 809,267 within its administrative limits on a land area of 134.6 km2 (52 sq mi). The urban area of Valencia extending beyond the administrative city limits has a population of between 1,561,000 an... | How much did Valencia's foreign population rise from 2007 to 2008? | How much did Valencia's foreign population rise from 2007 to 2008? | [
"How much did Valencia's foreign population rise from 2007 to 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"14%"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49947 | 56ce451caab44d1400b8863e | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had inv... | When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso? | When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso? | [
"When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?"
] | {
"text": [
"1616"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54061 | 56dedffec65bf219000b3da3 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment... | What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces? | What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces? | [
"What was the effort called to upgrade the Canadian Forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Canada First Defence Strategy"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-791 | 56df73c156340a1900b29b98 | Plymouth | Outdoor events and festivals are held including the annual British Firework Championships in August, which attracts tens of thousands of people across the waterfront. In August 2006 the world record for the most amount of simultaneous fireworks was surpassed, by Roy Lowry of the University of Plymouth, over Plymouth So... | What notable event occurs each August? | What notable event occurs each August? | [
"What notable event occurs each August?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Firework Championships"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106886 | 5734465d879d6814001ca463 | Hunting | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... | What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery? | What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery? | [
"What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hunter-gathering"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27843 | 5acd416807355d001abf3aa4 | Energy | In a slower process, radioactive decay of atoms in the core of the Earth releases heat. This thermal energy drives plate tectonics and may lift mountains, via orogenesis. This slow lifting represents a kind of gravitational potential energy storage of the thermal energy, which may be later released to active kinetic en... | What hinders plate tectonics and may lift mountains via orogenesis? | What hinders plate tectonics and may lift mountains via orogenesis? | [
"What hinders plate tectonics and may lift mountains via orogenesis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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