gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-94518 | 57268918708984140094c933 | Queen_(band) | By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx B... | Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows? | Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows? | [
"Which heavy Queen song is a favorite at live shows?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tie Your Mother Down"
],
"answer_start": [
941
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102361 | 56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0e0 | High-definition_television | Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe ... | What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010? | What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010? | [
"What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"27%"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24581 | 56cedbb9aab44d1400b88b12 | New_York_City | A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624 – making New York the 12th oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States – with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island. In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and a Fort Ams... | What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch? | What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch? | [
"What person bought Manhattan from the Canarsie for the Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Minuit"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18058 | 56dfc460231d4119001abdc3 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What is peering? | What is peering? | [
"What is peering? "
] | {
"text": [
"multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79697 | 5ad01c5d77cf76001a686a52 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, h... | Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium? | Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium? | [
"Who was not the greatest ruler of Byzantium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93625 | 5728b6bbff5b5019007da53f | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons? | What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons? | [
"What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"near-equal length"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54461 | 5ad2e5e6604f3c001a3fd91b | Christian | Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western World, where 70% are Christians. A 2011 Pew Research Center survey found that 76.2% of Europeans, 73.3% in Oceania, and about 86.0% in the Americas (90% in Latin America and 77.4% in North America) described themselves as Christians. | What do 76.2% of people in Latin America describe themselves as? | What do 76.2% of people in Latin America describe themselves as? | [
"What do 76.2% of people in Latin America describe themselves as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38643 | 570c19a06b8089140040fb30 | FC_Barcelona | It was ten years after the inception of the youth program, La Masia, when the young players began to graduate and play for their first team. One of the first graduates, who would later earn international acclaim, was previous Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola. Under Cruyff's guidance, Barcelona won four consecutive La Liga... | How many consecutive La Liga titles did Barcelona win from 1991-94? | How many consecutive La Liga titles did Barcelona win from 1991-94? | [
"How many consecutive La Liga titles did Barcelona win from 1991-94?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72122 | 572722c0708984140094da53 | Capacitor | In single phase squirrel cage motors, the primary winding within the motor housing is not capable of starting a rotational motion on the rotor, but is capable of sustaining one. To start the motor, a secondary "start" winding has a series non-polarized starting capacitor to introduce a lead in the sinusoidal current. W... | What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding? | What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding? | [
"What is the main winding on a squirrel cage motor capable of withstanding?"
] | {
"text": [
"a rotational motion on the rotor"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44675 | 56f896ef9e9bad19000a019c | Gene | Prior to Mendel's work, the dominant theory of heredity was one of blending inheritance, which suggested that each parent contributed fluids to the fertilisation process and that the traits of the parents blended and mixed to produce the offspring. Charles Darwin developed a theory of inheritance he termed pangenesis, ... | Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis? | Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis? | [
"Who developed the theory of inheritance known as pangenesis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles Darwin"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76807 | 572ac9f434ae481900deacd8 | Philadelphia | Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection... | Who provides the city water now? | Who provides the city water now? | [
"Who provides the city water now?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia Water Department"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57503 | 572ea5f5dfa6aa1500f8d24b | Quran | The Quran describes Muhammad as "ummi", which is traditionally interpreted as "illiterate," but the meaning is rather more complex. Medieval commentators such as Al-Tabari maintained that the term induced two meanings: first, the inability to read or write in general; second, the inexperience or ignorance of the previo... | What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture? | What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture? | [
"What term does the Quran use to describe Mohammad's lack of exposure to scripture?"
] | {
"text": [
"ummi"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76652 | 572aa3cfbe1ee31400cb80f5 | Philadelphia | For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows". A variety of row houses are found throughout the c... | Name a type of row house in the city? | Name a type of row house in the city? | [
"Name a type of row house in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93884 | 572e874adfa6aa1500f8d0b2 | Cyprus | In 1964, Turkey tried to invade Cyprus in response to the continuing Cypriot intercommunal violence. But Turkey was stopped by a strongly worded telegram from the US President Lyndon B. Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. ... | Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus? | Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus? | [
"Which US President prevented Turkey from invading Cyprus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31702 | 570d8c74b3d812140066da1f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In Britain and some other armies, the single artillery branch has been responsible for both home and overseas ground-based air defence, although there was divided responsibility with the Royal Navy for air defence of the British Isles in World War I. However, during the Second World War the RAF Regiment was formed to p... | Who provided part of the air defence of the British Isles in WWI | Who provided part of the air defence of the British Isles in WWI | [
"Who provided part of the air defence of the British Isles in WWI"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47083 | 572668e2708984140094c51a | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna turned to her paternal grandmother for solace. The Ciccone siblings resented housekeepers and invariably rebelled against anyone brought into their home ostensibly to take the place of their beloved mother. Madonna later told Vanity Fair that she saw herself in her youth as a "lonely girl who was searching for ... | Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do? | Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do? | [
"Afraid that Tony would be taken from her, what does she do?"
] | {
"text": [
"unable to sleep unless she was near him"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76694 | 572aae4ff75d5e190021fc2b | Philadelphia | There has also been an increase of yuppie, bohemian, and hipster types particularly around Center City, the neighborhood of Northern Liberties, and in the neighborhoods around the city's universities, such as near Temple in North Philadelphia and particularly near Drexel and University of Pennsylvania in West Philadelp... | What is the name of the gay district? | What is the name of the gay district? | [
"What is the name of the gay district?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gayborhood"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39774 | 572948091d0469140077924d | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville,... | In what year was the first automatic revolver invented? | In what year was the first automatic revolver invented? | [
"In what year was the first automatic revolver invented?"
] | {
"text": [
"1836"
],
"answer_start": [
908
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37949 | 573002eda23a5019007fcc37 | Roman_Republic | The last king of the Roman Kingdom, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown in 509 BC by a group of noblemen led by Lucius Junius Brutus. Tarquin made a number of attempts to retake the throne, including the Tarquinian conspiracy, the war with Veii and Tarquinii and finally the war between Rome and Clusium, all of w... | Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically? | Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically? | [
"Who were the joint consulars considered to be an equal of politically?"
] | {
"text": [
"old king"
],
"answer_start": [
896
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35890 | 5a732f0b53a187001ae63147 | Comcast | Comcast is sometimes described as a family business. Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is son of co-founder Ralph Roberts. Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, which gives him an "undilutable 33% voting power over the company". L... | What is Susan P. Crawford's salary? | What is Susan P. Crawford's salary? | [
"What is Susan P. Crawford's salary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107719 | 5acf9a7577cf76001a685428 | Umayyad_Caliphate | After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which las... | When did the Second Fitna occur? | When did the Second Fitna occur? | [
"When did the Second Fitna occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80329 | 572fb096a23a5019007fc8a5 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What is the main defense of human body against eye infections? | What is the main defense of human body against eye infections? | [
"What is the main defense of human body against eye infections?"
] | {
"text": [
"enzyme lysozyme, found in human tears"
],
"answer_start": [
1235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70097 | 570b690bec8fbc190045b9f9 | Great_Plains | After 1870, the new railroads across the Plains brought hunters who killed off almost all the bison for their hides. The railroads offered attractive packages of land and transportation to European farmers, who rushed to settle the land. They (and Americans as well) also took advantage of the homestead laws to obtain f... | what animal did hunters kill off for their hides? | what animal did hunters kill off for their hides? | [
"what animal did hunters kill off for their hides?"
] | {
"text": [
"bison"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10629 | 56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e4 | Comics | While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero... | Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it? | Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it? | [
"Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it?"
] | {
"text": [
"specialists"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103666 | 5a3bf6c6cc5d22001a521c67 | East_Prussia | At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu... | In what year did World War I end? | In what year did World War I end? | [
"In what year did World War I end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89370 | 57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc30 | Great_power | According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unp... | What country has risen above other superpowers? | What country has risen above other superpowers? | [
"What country has risen above other superpowers?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8420 | 57268e1d5951b619008f766f | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian... | When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia? | When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia? | [
"When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"At the age of ten"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54900 | 5ad50cc15b96ef001a10aaf4 | Macintosh | Updated Motorola CPUs made a faster machine possible, and in 1987 Apple took advantage of the new Motorola technology and introduced the Macintosh II at $5500, powered by a 16 MHz Motorola 68020 processor. The primary improvement in the Macintosh II was Color QuickDraw in ROM, a color version of the graphics language w... | Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh I? | Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh I? | [
"Whose technology did Apple take advantage of when introducing the Macintosh I?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97928 | 57328740b3a91d1900202e21 | Humanism | Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and requires the help o... | What is contemporary humanism optimistic about? | What is contemporary humanism optimistic about? | [
"What is contemporary humanism optimistic about?"
] | {
"text": [
"capacity of people"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97030 | 56cbd2356d243a140015ed69 | Frédéric_Chopin | Frédéric François Chopin (/ˈʃoʊpæn/; French pronunciation: [fʁe.de.ʁik fʁɑ̃.swa ʃɔ.pɛ̃]; 22 February or 1 March 1810 – 17 October 1849), born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin,[n 1] was a Polish and French (by citizenship and birth of father) composer and a virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era, who wrote primarily for the so... | In what area was Frédéric born in? | In what area was Frédéric born in? | [
"In what area was Frédéric born in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Duchy of Warsaw"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88458 | 56db2b7fe7c41114004b4e90 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of "Friends of Falun Gong", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay throu... | What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out? | What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out? | [
"What was tossed at the torch trying to put it out?"
] | {
"text": [
"water balloons"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17531 | 56cdd05a62d2951400fa688e | Spectre_(2015_film) | Bond travels to Austria to find White, who is dying of thallium poisoning. He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre. White then commits suicide. Bond locates Swann at the Ho... | Where is L'Americain located? | Where is L'Americain located? | [
"Where is L'Americain located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tangier"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108879 | 5726ccdd708984140094d1ba | Literature | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | The Vedic Period refers to what expanse of time? | The Vedic Period refers to what expanse of time? | [
"The Vedic Period refers to what expanse of time?"
] | {
"text": [
"the mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90758 | 5732275d0fdd8d15006c67f6 | Pacific_War | Although the advance in the Arakan had been halted to release troops and aircraft for the Battle of Imphal, the Americans and Chinese had continued to advance in northern Burma, aided by the Chindits operating against the Japanese lines of communication. In the middle of 1944 the Chinese Expeditionary Force invaded nor... | Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma? | Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma? | [
"Who aided the Americans and Chinese during the advance in northern Burma?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chindits"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95131 | 56df819c5ca0a614008f9bb3 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In 1865, when the Bell family moved to London, Bell returned to Weston House as an assistant master and, in his spare hours, continued experiments on sound using a minimum of laboratory equipment. Bell concentrated on experimenting with electricity to convey sound and later installed a telegraph wire from his room in S... | What building was Bell in? | What building was Bell in? | [
"What building was Bell in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somerset College"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71654 | 56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072d | Near_East | The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans. In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895. By "Far East" he meant Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, ... | What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out? | What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out? | [
"What year did Sir Henry Norman's book come out? "
] | {
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52892 | 5a73c9d742eae6001a3899e1 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What was green considered the color of in the past? | What was green considered the color of in the past? | [
"What was green considered the color of in the past?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50023 | 5a81f42031013a001a334fd3 | Phonology | The history of phonology may be traced back to the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar composed by Pāṇini in the 4th century BC. In particular the Shiva Sutras, an auxiliary text to the Ashtadhyayi, introduces what can be considered a list of the phonemes of the Sanskrit language, with a notational system for them that i... | What other text was related to morphology? | What other text was related to morphology? | [
"What other text was related to morphology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113703 | 572f59d8b2c2fd1400568066 | Central_Intelligence_Agency | US army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small number of patrons in congress. Vandenbe... | What does ORE stand for? | What does ORE stand for? | [
"What does ORE stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Office of Reports and Estimates"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33630 | 572644315951261400b51964 | Film_speed | As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above ... | What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film? | What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film? | [
"What happened to film speeds of black-and-white negative film?"
] | {
"text": [
"would become doubled"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5040 | 56e140e5cd28a01900c676fa | Boston | In 1950, whites represented 94.7% of Boston's population. From the 1950s to the end of the 20th century, the proportion of non-Hispanic whites in the city declined; in 2000, non-Hispanic whites made up 49.5% of the city's population, making the city majority-minority for the first time. However, in recent years the cit... | In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where? | In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where? | [
"In recent years, the whote population has begun to move where?"
] | {
"text": [
"formerly non-white areas"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20342 | 5a670798f038b7001ab0c183 | Glass | In the 20th century, new types of glass such as laminated glass, reinforced glass and glass bricks have increased the use of glass as a building material and resulted in new applications of glass. Multi-storey buildings are frequently constructed with curtain walls made almost entirely of glass. Similarly, laminated gl... | What type of power systems use curtains? | What type of power systems use curtains? | [
"What type of power systems use curtains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53816 | 5ad27e63d7d075001a429715 | Dialect | Today the boundaries of the Ukrainian language to the Russian language are still not drawn clearly, with an intermediate dialect between them, called Surzhyk, developing in Ukraine. | What is the name for the intermediate dialect developing in Russia? | What is the name for the intermediate dialect developing in Russia? | [
"What is the name for the intermediate dialect developing in Russia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94269 | 5a5d60e05e8782001a9d5eea | Cork_(city) | While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members ar... | What ward has 10 members? | What ward has 10 members? | [
"What ward has 10 members?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81601 | 5706143352bb891400689878 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In 1903, Josiah White III bought a parcel of land near Ohio Avenue and the boardwalk and built the Queen Anne style Marlborough House. The hotel was a hit and, in 1905–06, he chose to expand the hotel and bought another parcel of land next door to his Marlborough House. In an effort to make his new hotel a source of co... | In what style was the Malborough House buit? | In what style was the Malborough House buit? | [
"In what style was the Malborough House buit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen Anne"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76 | 56f8cb539b226e1400dd101e | Guinea-Bissau | Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed. | Who won a strong majority in the election? | Who won a strong majority in the election? | [
"Who won a strong majority in the election?"
] | {
"text": [
"PAIGC"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86219 | 57343917d058e614000b6b4c | Tucson,_Arizona | The accomplished and awarded writers (poets, novelists, dramatists, nonfiction writers) who have lived in Tucson include Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace. Some were associated with the University of Arizona, but many were independent writers who chose to make Tucson their home... | What famous writers have lived in Tucson? | What famous writers have lived in Tucson? | [
"What famous writers have lived in Tucson?"
] | {
"text": [
"Edward Abbey, Erskine Caldwell, Barbara Kingsolver and David Foster Wallace"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112085 | 5728ad892ca10214002da5a9 | Race_(human_categorization) | Even though there is a broad scientific agreement that essentialist and typological conceptualizations of race are untenable, scientists around the world continue to conceptualize race in widely differing ways, some of which have essentialist implications. While some researchers sometimes use the concept of race to mak... | What set of traits do some scientists use race to make distinctions among? | What set of traits do some scientists use race to make distinctions among? | [
"What set of traits do some scientists use race to make distinctions among?"
] | {
"text": [
"fuzzy"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110505 | 57266b67dd62a815002e8459 | Professional_wrestling | In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the per... | Who might participate in a love triangle story? | Who might participate in a love triangle story? | [
"Who might participate in a love triangle story? "
] | {
"text": [
"an appealing female"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34900 | 5726a5d15951b619008f78f3 | Political_philosophy | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | When was A Theory of Justice published? | When was A Theory of Justice published? | [
"When was A Theory of Justice published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1971"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45371 | 5a6119b1e9e1cc001a33cf0a | Sahara | During the Neolithic Era, before the onset of desertification, around 9500 BCE the central Sudan had been a rich environment supporting a large population ranging across what is now barren desert, like the Wadi el-Qa'ab. By the 5th millennium BCE, the people who inhabited what is now called Nubia, were full participant... | When was Stonehenge created? | When was Stonehenge created? | [
"When was Stonehenge created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95994 | 5a1e125f3de3f40018b2649a | Hokkien | The existence of literary and colloquial readings (文白異讀), called tha̍k-im (讀音), is a prominent feature of some Hokkien dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south. The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal p... | What are the bulk of surnames based on? | What are the bulk of surnames based on? | [
"What are the bulk of surnames based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36551 | 5730f13e497a881900248a7f | Immaculate_Conception | The celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she first contracted it and then was d... | How did monk of minor explain how the change in reputation could be of benefit to Mary ? | How did monk of minor explain how the change in reputation could be of benefit to Mary ? | [
"How did monk of minor explain how the change in reputation could be of benefit to Mary ?"
] | {
"text": [
"rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption granted her because of her special role in salvation history."
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30806 | 572685955951b619008f756b | Mexico_City | West of the Historic Center (Centro Histórico) along Paseo de la Reforma are many of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Santa Fe, and (in the State of Mexico) Interlomas, which are also the city's most important areas of class A office space, corporate headq... | Where are many of the wealthy neighborhoods located? | Where are many of the wealthy neighborhoods located? | [
"Where are many of the wealthy neighborhoods located? "
] | {
"text": [
"West of the Historic Center"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44177 | 5731dd950fdd8d15006c65b3 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS... | What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be? | What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be? | [
"What nationality will the new international school in Brasilia be?"
] | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14889 | 5ad3ded0604f3c001a3ff489 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead makes the startling observation that "life is comparatively deficient in survival value." If humans can only exist for about a hundred years, and rocks for eight hundred million, then one is forced to ask why complex organisms ever evolved in the first place; as Whitehead humorously notes, "they certainly did... | What are higher life forms never actively engaged in? | What are higher life forms never actively engaged in? | [
" What are higher life forms never actively engaged in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9090 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69a9 | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx? | What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx? | [
"What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Ten-Year Housing Plan\""
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27377 | 5a7b7c6b21c2de001afea066 | Transistor | In a FET, the drain-to-source current flows via a conducting channel that connects the source region to the drain region. The conductivity is varied by the electric field that is produced when a voltage is applied between the gate and source terminals; hence the current flowing between the drain and source is controlle... | Where does current fluctuate the most? | Where does current fluctuate the most? | [
"Where does current fluctuate the most?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45053 | 56df217bc65bf219000b3f82 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, then Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of the company on July 1, 2011. Sony Music underwent a restructuring after Morris' arrival. He was joined by L.A. Reid, who became the chairman and CEO of Epic Records. Under Reid, multiple artists from the Jive half of the f... | Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music? | Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music? | [
"Who joined the CEO of Epic Records in becoming the CEO of Sony Music?"
] | {
"text": [
"Doug Morris"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63714 | 5727b47e2ca10214002d9467 | USB | As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capabili... | What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification? | What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification? | [
"What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification?"
] | {
"text": [
"does not allow concurrent data transmission"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29618 | 5ad157aa645df0001a2d1801 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Devotions to artistic depictions of Mary vary among Christian traditions. There is a long tradition of Roman Catholic Marian art and no image permeates Catholic art as does the image of Madonna and Child. The icon of the Virgin Theotokos with Christ is without doubt the most venerated icon in the Orthodox Church. Both ... | In what year was the first image of the Madonna and Child found? | In what year was the first image of the Madonna and Child found? | [
"In what year was the first image of the Madonna and Child found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45540 | 571a868410f8ca14003050df | Ashkenazi_Jews | The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiop... | Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area? | Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area? | [
"Recent studies have found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiopian Jews) have a close genetic relationship to the people of what area?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Levant"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62387 | 5a6a6adea9e0c9001a4e9e00 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Fraser maintained some of the social reforms of the Whitlam era, while seeking increased fiscal restraint. His government included the first Aboriginal federal parliamentarian, Neville Bonner, and in 1976, Parliament passed the Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976, which, while limited to the Northern Territory, affirmed "i... | Who opposed Aboriginal rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia? | Who opposed Aboriginal rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia? | [
"Who opposed Aboriginal rule in Apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108014 | 56e3c21939bdeb14003478eb | Estonian_language | The birth of native Estonian literature was in 1810 to 1820 when the patriotic and philosophical poems by Kristjan Jaak Peterson were published. Peterson, who was the first student at the then German-language University of Dorpat to acknowledge his Estonian origin, is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national ... | What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on? | What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on? | [
"What subjects were Kristjan Jaak Peterson poems on?"
] | {
"text": [
"patriotic and philosophical"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114182 | 57267fbff1498d1400e8e1d4 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline "Why It Must Be Labour" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it mi... | What were the Sun's political leanings early on under Murdoch? | What were the Sun's political leanings early on under Murdoch? | [
"What were the Sun's political leanings early on under Murdoch?"
] | {
"text": [
"nominally Labour"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73966 | 56de2d214396321400ee2633 | Architecture | The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, an... | Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? | Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture? | [
"Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Ruskin"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40198 | 572baff7f75d5e190021fe9f | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In 2004, the first bike lane in the city was added to Orange Street, connecting East Rock Park and the East Rock neighborhood to downtown. Since then, bike lanes have also been added to sections of Howard Ave, Elm St, Dixwell Avenue, Water Street, Clinton Avenue and State Street. The city has created recommended bike r... | How is it possible to located the direction of bike lanes within the city? | How is it possible to located the direction of bike lanes within the city? | [
"How is it possible to located the direction of bike lanes within the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"bike map of the city"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38325 | 572a2e201d04691400779821 | Neolithic | Control of labour and inter-group conflict is characteristic of corporate-level or 'tribal' groups, headed by a charismatic individual; whether a 'big man' or a proto-chief, functioning as a lineage-group head. Whether a non-hierarchical system of organization existed is debatable, and there is no evidence that explici... | What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders? | [
"What production trait existed in tribal groups that were controlled by charismatic leaders?"
] | {
"text": [
"Control of labour"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59159 | 5727c2794b864d1900163ca7 | A_cappella | In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their vocal cords and mouth. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were The Mills Brothers whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumen... | What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella? | What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella? | [
"What is the name of the ABC Family show whose theme is entirely a capella?"
] | {
"text": [
"The New Addams Family"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46978 | 5a8c8ad7fd22b3001a8d8a71 | Textual_criticism | Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie. Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893. To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions. Bowers's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896, but to rever... | When was the third version of Maggie published? | When was the third version of Maggie published? | [
"When was the third version of Maggie published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34586 | 56f8c7d79e9bad19000a04b7 | Southampton | Southampton was named "fittest city in the UK" in 2006 by Men's Fitness magazine. The results were based on the incidence of heart disease, the amount of junk food and alcohol consumed, and the level of gym membership. In 2007, it had slipped one place behind London, but was still ranked first when it came to the parks... | During the pre-war period, where was speedway racing held? | During the pre-war period, where was speedway racing held? | [
"During the pre-war period, where was speedway racing held?"
] | {
"text": [
"Banister Court Stadium"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115347 | 56ea91795a205f1900d6d34d | Political_corruption | More generally, corruption erodes the institutional capacity of government if procedures are disregarded, resources are siphoned off, and public offices are bought and sold. Corruption undermines the legitimacy of government and such democratic values as trust and tolerance. Recent evidence suggests that variation in t... | Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what? | Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what? | [
"Corruption disintegrates government capacity when public offices are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"bought and sold"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34152 | 5ad411f0604f3c001a40021b | Alaska | The bulk of remaining commercial flight offerings come from small regional commuter airlines such as Ravn Alaska, PenAir, and Frontier Flying Service. The smallest towns and villages must rely on scheduled or chartered bush flying services using general aviation aircraft such as the Cessna Caravan, the most popular air... | What model is the lest popular aircraft in Alaska? | What model is the lest popular aircraft in Alaska? | [
"What model is the lest popular aircraft in Alaska?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8976 | 572853c14b864d1900164950 | LaserDisc | The format also became quite popular in Hong Kong during the 1990s before the introduction of VCDs and DVD; although people rarely bought the discs (because each LD was priced around USD100), high rental activity helped the video rental business in the city grow larger than it had ever been previously. Due to integrati... | How much did a LD cost in Hong Kong in the 1990s? | How much did a LD cost in Hong Kong in the 1990s? | [
"How much did a LD cost in Hong Kong in the 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [
"USD100"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34464 | 56f8a3829b226e1400dd0d1c | Southampton | Between 1996 and 2004, the population of the city increased by 4.9 per cent—the tenth biggest increase in England. In 2005 the Government Statistics stated that Southampton was the third most densely populated city in the country after London and Portsmouth respectively. Hampshire County Council expects the city's popu... | What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most? | What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most? | [
"What age segment of the population of Southampton is projected to increase the most?"
] | {
"text": [
"the elderly"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52208 | 5ad39216604f3c001a3fe692 | Miami | According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2004, Miami had the third highest incidence of family incomes below the federal poverty line in the United States, making it the third poorest city in the USA, behind only Detroit, Michigan (ranked #1) and El Paso, Texas (ranked #2). Miami is also one of the very few cities where... | In 2014, what city ranked third poorest in America? | In 2014, what city ranked third poorest in America? | [
"In 2014, what city ranked third poorest in America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57574 | 5ad21c6ad7d075001a428455 | Quran | In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few ... | What isn't the term for a subdivision of a hizb? | What isn't the term for a subdivision of a hizb? | [
"What isn't the term for a subdivision of a hizb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29100 | 571d13cbdd7acb1400e4c212 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In April 1994, the results of a Merck-sponsored study, the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study, were announced. Researchers tested simvastatin, later sold by Merck as Zocor, on 4,444 patients with high cholesterol and heart disease. After five years, the study concluded the patients saw a 35% reduction in their cho... | What was the brand name of simvastatin? | What was the brand name of simvastatin? | [
"What was the brand name of simvastatin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zocor"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74486 | 571b4aa79499d21900609c50 | Asphalt | Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded ... | For what did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material? | For what did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material? | [
"For what did Canadian natives use asphalt as a waterproofing material?"
] | {
"text": [
"canoes"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59186 | 57269b6b708984140094cb78 | Alloy | An alloy is a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemical elements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal. An alloy is distinct from an impure metal, such as wrought iron, in that, with an alloy, the added impurities are usually desirable and will typically have some... | What other metal is impure like alloy? | What other metal is impure like alloy? | [
"What other metal is impure like alloy?"
] | {
"text": [
"wrought iron"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87333 | 56ce67f4aab44d1400b88762 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Lee has said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author "should write about what he knows and write truthfully". Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout. Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar t... | What year did Harper Lee's father represent two black men accused of murder? | What year did Harper Lee's father represent two black men accused of murder? | [
"What year did Harper Lee's father represent two black men accused of murder?"
] | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37885 | 572feac7a23a5019007fcb39 | Roman_Republic | In 179 BC Philip died. His talented and ambitious son, Perseus, took the throne and showed a renewed interest in conquering Greece. With her Greek allies facing a major new threat, Rome declared war on Macedonia again, starting the Third Macedonian War. Perseus initially had some success against the Romans. However, Ro... | Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War? | Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War? | [
"Who had initially begun the Third Macedonian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36801 | 5a84a6117cf838001a46aa0c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The minority leader has a number of formal and informal party responsibilities. Formally, the rules of each party specify certain roles and responsibilities for their leader. For example, under Democratic rules for the 106th Congress, the minority leader may call meetings of the Democratic Caucus. He or she is a member... | Where can the Policy Committee nominate party members to? | Where can the Policy Committee nominate party members to? | [
"Where can the Policy Committee nominate party members to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22408 | 5a361403788daf001a5f8703 | Himachal_Pradesh | A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service an... | What group does a panchayat officer belong to? | What group does a panchayat officer belong to? | [
"What group does a panchayat officer belong to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99359 | 5a8a3d0e3b2508001a72a88c | 51st_state | In the late 1940s, during the last days of the Dominion of Newfoundland (at the time a dominion-dependency in the Commonwealth and independent of Canada), there was mainstream support, although not majority, for Newfoundland to form an economic union with the United States, thanks to the efforts of the Economic Union P... | What was the result of the 1940 referendum? | What was the result of the 1940 referendum? | [
"What was the result of the 1940 referendum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28172 | 5731933a05b4da19006bd2d2 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg's next film, Schindler's List, was based on the true story of Oskar Schindler, a man who risked his life to save 1,100 Jews from the Holocaust. Schindler's List earned Spielberg his first Academy Award for Best Director (it also won Best Picture). With the film a huge success at the box office, Spielberg used... | What did Spielberg first win Best Director for? | What did Spielberg first win Best Director for? | [
"What did Spielberg first win Best Director for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Schindler's List"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115232 | 5a39f6a32f14dd001ac72681 | Mammal | The oldest known fossil among the Eutheria ("true beasts") is the small shrewlike Juramaia sinensis, or "Jurassic mother from China", dated to 160 million years ago in the Late Jurassic. A later eutherian, Eomaia, dated to 125 million years ago in the Early Cretaceous, possessed some features in common with the marsupi... | What do Juramaia have in common with placentals? | What do Juramaia have in common with placentals? | [
"What do Juramaia have in common with placentals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40799 | 5a6b958aa9e0c9001a4e9f80 | Predation | In an ecosystem, predation is a biological interaction where a predator (an organism that is hunting) feeds on its prey (the organism that is attacked). Predators may or may not kill their prey prior to feeding on them, but the act of predation often results in the death of the prey and the eventual absorption of the p... | What is the feeding nature of some prey? | What is the feeding nature of some prey? | [
"What is the feeding nature of some prey?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22902 | 5735bd01dc94161900571f82 | Kathmandu | The Boudhanath, (also written Bouddhanath, Bodhnath, Baudhanath or the Khāsa Chaitya), is one of the holiest Buddhist sites in Nepal, along with Swayambhu. It is a very popular tourist site. Boudhanath is known as Khāsti by Newars and as Bauddha or Bodhnāth by speakers of Nepali. Located about 11 km (7 mi) from the cen... | What do the Newars call Boudhanath? | What do the Newars call Boudhanath? | [
"What do the Newars call Boudhanath?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khāsti"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36147 | 5ace644132bba1001ae4a566 | Printed_circuit_board | Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing ... | Assemblers often mount components on portals rather than single PCBs why? | Assemblers often mount components on portals rather than single PCBs why? | [
"Assemblers often mount components on portals rather than single PCBs why?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110788 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d77237 | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | How many jurists are in the Guardian Council? | How many jurists are in the Guardian Council? | [
"How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"twelve jurists"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37241 | 57279799708984140094e1b3 | Switzerland | The cantons have a permanent constitutional status and, in comparison with the situation in other countries, a high degree of independence. Under the Federal Constitution, all 26 cantons are equal in status. Each canton has its own constitution, and its own parliament, government and courts. However, there are consider... | How large is the smallest canton? | How large is the smallest canton? | [
"How large is the smallest canton?"
] | {
"text": [
"37 km2 (14 sq mi) (Basel-Stadt)"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13486 | 56e7bb3400c9c71400d7756d | Nanjing | There are two major sports centers in Nanjing, Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Both of these two are comprehensive sports centers, including stadium, gymnasium, natatorium, tennis court, etc. Wutaishan Sports Center was established in 1952 and it was one of the oldest and most advanced stadiu... | What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be? | What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be? | [
"What type of sports centers are Wutaishan Sports Center and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center considered to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"comprehensive sports centers"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81938 | 572819772ca10214002d9dce | Royal_assent | In Australia, a technical issue arose with the royal assent in both 1976 and 2001. In 1976, a bill originating in the House of Representatives was mistakenly submitted to the Governor-General and assented to. However, it was later discovered that it had not been passed by each house. The error arose because two bills o... | The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976? | The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976? | [
"The bill from the Australian House of Representatives was mistakenly sent and assented to by whom in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [
"Governor-General"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32555 | 5ad25ed0d7d075001a428f44 | Antarctica | The first semi-permanent inhabitants of regions near Antarctica (areas situated south of the Antarctic Convergence) were British and American sealers who used to spend a year or more on South Georgia, from 1786 onward. During the whaling era, which lasted until 1966, the population of that island varied from over 1,000... | Who settled South Georgia in 1966? | Who settled South Georgia in 1966? | [
"Who settled South Georgia in 1966?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97709 | 56cffc2b234ae51400d9c200 | Frédéric_Chopin | Jones comments that "Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned." He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to print his music, the wealthy a... | Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries? | Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries? | [
"Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liszt and Henri Herz"
],
"answer_start": [
838
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111211 | 5731a5bfe99e3014001e61a6 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The impressive, costly, and centralised rites to the deities of the Roman state were vastly outnumbered in everyday life by commonplace religious observances pertaining to an individual's domestic and personal deities, the patron divinities of Rome's various neighborhoods and communities, and the often idiosyncratic bl... | What were the characteristics of state religious observances? | What were the characteristics of state religious observances? | [
"What were the characteristics of state religious observances?"
] | {
"text": [
"impressive, costly, and centralised"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48012 | 5726e8e5dd62a815002e94bf | Napoleon | His opponents learned from Napoleon's innovations. The increased importance of artillery after 1807 stemmed from his creation of a highly mobile artillery force, the growth in artillery numbers, and changes in artillery practices. As a result of these factors, Napoleon, rather than relying on infantry to wear away the ... | Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year? | Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year? | [
" Napoleon's use of artillery led to its increased importance after what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1807"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41211 | 5731926ca5e9cc1400cdc0e2 | Egypt | The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant ... | In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with? | In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with? | [
"In 2014 what country did Egypt form partnership with?"
] | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41208 | 5731926ca5e9cc1400cdc0df | Egypt | The Egyptian military has dozens of factories manufacturing weapons as well as consumer goods. The Armed Forces' inventory includes equipment from different countries around the world. Equipment from the former Soviet Union is being progressively replaced by more modern US, French, and British equipment, a significant ... | Equipment from what country is being replaced? | Equipment from what country is being replaced? | [
"Equipment from what country is being replaced?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
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