gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-46979 | 5a8c8ad7fd22b3001a8d8a72 | Textual_criticism | Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie. Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893. To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions. Bowers's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896, but to rever... | When was the fifth and final version of Maggie published? | When was the fifth and final version of Maggie published? | [
"When was the fifth and final version of Maggie published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12885 | 5acff6cc77cf76001a686678 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues. | What income is evenly distributed in the Congo? | What income is evenly distributed in the Congo? | [
"What income is evenly distributed in the Congo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115915 | 572e84dcdfa6aa1500f8d07d | Richard_Feynman | After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical phy... | His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what? | His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what? | [
"His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nobel Prize–winning work"
],
"answer_start": [
767
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2561 | 56d2606959d6e41400145f1f | Buddhism | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what? | Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what? | [
"Many terms for Nibbana can be found throughout the what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nikayas"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43035 | 570d7e8bb3d812140066d9fc | Franco-Prussian_War | The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Bri... | At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe? | At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe? | [
"At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"the main power"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43144 | 5a85ddf3b4e223001a8e723e | Poultry | Ducks are medium-sized aquatic birds with broad bills, eyes on the side of the head, fairly long necks, short legs set far back on the body, and webbed feet. Males, known as drakes, are often larger than females (simply known as ducks) and are differently coloured in some breeds. Domestic ducks are omnivores, eating a ... | How many ducks hibernate during the winter? | How many ducks hibernate during the winter? | [
"How many ducks hibernate during the winter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85484 | 5a7a7fdf21c2de001afe9c9d | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | What is monetisation rarely viewed as? | What is monetisation rarely viewed as? | [
"What is monetisation rarely viewed as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16861 | 5725ba9d38643c19005acbf1 | Israel | Arab nationalists led by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to recognize Israel, and called for its destruction. By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces. In May 1967, Egypt massed its army near the border with Israel, expell... | What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories? | What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories? | [
"What became the administrative boundary between Israel and occupied territories?"
] | {
"text": [
"Green Line"
],
"answer_start": [
932
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39740 | 57273f5b5951b619008f875b | New_Haven,_Connecticut | By 1640, the town's theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place, and the town was renamed Newhaven from Quinnipiac. However, the area north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678, when it was renamed Hamden. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony. At the time, the New Have... | What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony? | What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony? | [
"What did New Haven Colony not permit that principally distinguished it from Connecticut Colony?"
] | {
"text": [
"other churches to be established"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95270 | 56dfa0c238dc421700152131 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | The Bell family home was in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until 1880 when Bell's father-in-law bought a house in Washington, D.C., and later in 1882 bought a home in the same city for Bell's family, so that they could be with him while he attended to the numerous court cases involving patent disputes. | In what year did Bell acquire a house in D.C.? | In what year did Bell acquire a house in D.C.? | [
"In what year did Bell acquire a house in D.C.?"
] | {
"text": [
"1882"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82953 | 56e085d7231d4119001ac25c | Saint_Helena | The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part. | What months does the Governor's cup take place? | What months does the Governor's cup take place? | [
"What months does the Governor's cup take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"December/January"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17222 | 5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d15 | Uranium | The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the... | What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide? | What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide? | [
"What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65797 | 5719c6a94faf5e1900b8a7ee | Seattle | After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in Ap... | When was New York Alki established? | When was New York Alki established? | [
"When was New York Alki established?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 1853"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38602 | 570c05b56b8089140040fb0b | FC_Barcelona | Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'... | How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have? | How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have? | [
"How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33623 | 5a6786f4f038b7001ab0c272 | Film_speed | The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committ... | When was Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung founded? | When was Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung founded? | [
"When was Deutsche Gesellschaft für photographische Forschung founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71838 | 5726e5c9f1498d1400e8ef3b | Capacitor | Charles Pollak (born Karol Pollak), the inventor of the first electrolytic capacitors, found out that the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remained stable in a neutral or alkaline electrolyte, even when the power was switched off. In 1896 he filed a patent for an "Electric liquid capacitor with aluminum electrodes." So... | In what sort of electrolyte does the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remain stable? | In what sort of electrolyte does the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remain stable? | [
"In what sort of electrolyte does the oxide layer on an aluminum anode remain stable?"
] | {
"text": [
"a neutral or alkaline electrolyte"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89864 | 572688a6f1498d1400e8e317 | Somerset | The people of Somerset are mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle's entry for AD 845, in the inflected form "Sumursætum", and the county is recorded in the entry for 1015 using the same name. The archaic name Somersetshire was mentioned in the Chronicle's entry for 878. Although "Somersetshire" was in common use as an ... | What archaic name was mentioned in 878 | What archaic name was mentioned in 878 | [
"What archaic name was mentioned in 878 "
] | {
"text": [
"The archaic name Somersetshire was mentioned in the Chronicle's entry for 878"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45195 | 5a4c1ee17a6c4c001a2bbb97 | Sahara | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | What desert has a hyperarid northern and southern region? | What desert has a hyperarid northern and southern region? | [
"What desert has a hyperarid northern and southern region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58495 | 5a2af5f25b078a001a2f076c | Sanskrit | From the Rigveda until the time of Pāṇini (fourth century BCE) the development of the early Vedic language can be observed in other Vedic texts: the Samaveda, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, Brahmanas, and Upanishads. During this time, the prestige of the language, its use for sacred purposes, and the importance attached to it... | What factors supported the process of linguistic change? | What factors supported the process of linguistic change? | [
"What factors supported the process of linguistic change?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20687 | 56cd5df262d2951400fa6542 | IPod | In 2005, Apple faced two lawsuits claiming patent infringement by the iPod line and its associated technologies: Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a "music jukebox", while a Hong Kong-based IP portfolio company called Pat-rights filed a suit claiming that Apple's FairPlay technology br... | In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits? | In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits? | [
"In what year did Apple face multiple intellectual property lawsuits?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19902 | 57318a94e6313a140071d078 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Indigenous peoples in what is now the contiguous United States, including their descendants, are commonly called "American Indians", or simply "Indians" domestically, or "Native Americans" by the USCB. In Alaska, indigenous peoples belong to 11 cultures with 11 languages. These include the St. Lawrence Island Yupik, Iñ... | How are Pacific Islands Americans distinct from the indigenous peoples of the Americas? | How are Pacific Islands Americans distinct from the indigenous peoples of the Americas? | [
"How are Pacific Islands Americans distinct from the indigenous peoples of the Americas?"
] | {
"text": [
"geographically and culturally"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22402 | 570962a6ed30961900e84048 | Himachal_Pradesh | A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service an... | Who heads the Himachal Pradesh? | Who heads the Himachal Pradesh? | [
"Who heads the Himachal Pradesh?"
] | {
"text": [
"Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41440 | 56cde07662d2951400fa6948 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Immediately after the earthquake event, mobile and terrestrial telecommunications were cut to the affected and surrounding area, with all internet capabilities cut to the Sichuan area too. Elements of telecommunications were restored by the government piece by piece over the next number of months as the situation in th... | How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored? | How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored? | [
"How long did it take for these capabilities to be restored?"
] | {
"text": [
"months"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82328 | 5726b952708984140094cf3f | Pesticide | Pesticides safety education and pesticide applicator regulation are designed to protect the public from pesticide misuse, but do not eliminate all misuse. Reducing the use of pesticides and choosing less toxic pesticides may reduce risks placed on society and the environment from pesticide use. Integrated pest manageme... | Who has the ability to make the choice of using less harmful pesticides? | Who has the ability to make the choice of using less harmful pesticides? | [
"Who has the ability to make the choice of using less harmful pesticides?"
] | {
"text": [
"applicators"
],
"answer_start": [
807
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93505 | 5ad1985b645df0001a2d20f1 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LED has the least flattest I/V curve above the knee? | What LED has the least flattest I/V curve above the knee? | [
" What LED has the least flattest I/V curve above the knee?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8344 | 5726762af1498d1400e8e06b | Thuringia | Agriculture and forestry have declined in importance over the decades. Nevertheless, they are more important than in the most other areas of Germany, especially within rural regions. 54% of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use. The fertile basins such as the large Thuringian Basin or the smaller Goldene Aue, Or... | How much of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use? | How much of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use? | [
"How much of Thuringia's territory is in agricultural use?"
] | {
"text": [
"54%"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5691 | 5706af4352bb891400689b7a | House_music | In January 1987, Chicago artist Steve "Silk" Hurley's "Jack Your Body" reached number one in the UK, showing it was possible for house music to cross over. The same month also saw Raze enter the top 20 with "Jack the Groove", and several further house hits reached the top ten that year. Stock Aitken Waterman's producti... | Who had a hit single with "jack the groove"? | Who had a hit single with "jack the groove"? | [
"Who had a hit single with \"jack the groove\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Raze"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115625 | 59fb3401ee36d60018400d5c | England_national_football_team | England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup and have appeared in 14 FIFA World Cups, they are tied for sixth-best in terms of number of wins alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World C... | In what year was Spain's first World Cup appearance? | In what year was Spain's first World Cup appearance? | [
"In what year was Spain's first World Cup appearance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3178 | 5a594b3b3e1742001a15d058 | Genome | In eukaryotes such as plants, protozoa and animals, however, "genome" carries the typical connotation of only information on chromosomal DNA. So although these organisms contain chloroplasts or mitochondria that have their own DNA, the genetic information contained by DNA within these organelles is not considered part ... | What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called? | What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called? | [
"What are the eukaryotes found in the mitochondria called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63490 | 5a7a3dcb17ab25001a8a03fb | Buckingham_Palace | Between 1847 and 1850, when Blore was building the new east wing, the Brighton Pavilion was once again plundered of its fittings. As a result, many of the rooms in the new wing have a distinctly oriental atmosphere. The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up from parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms ... | When was the new east wing destroyed? | When was the new east wing destroyed? | [
"When was the new east wing destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91836 | 5726785bf1498d1400e8e0d2 | Cotton | In Iran (Persia), the history of cotton dates back to the Achaemenid era (5th century BC); however, there are few sources about the planting of cotton in pre-Islamic Iran. The planting of cotton was common in Merv, Ray and Pars of Iran. In Persian poets' poems, especially Ferdowsi's Shahname, there are references to co... | Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period? | Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period? | [
"Use of cotton in Iran dates back to what period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Achaemenid era"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13679 | 5a359abb788daf001a5f863a | Glacier | The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure. This upper section is known as the fracture zone and moves mostly as a single unit over the plastically flowing lower section. When a glacier moves through irregular terrain, cracks called crevasses develop in the fracture zone. Crevasses... | What point do sercas form above? | What point do sercas form above? | [
"What point do sercas form above?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13357 | 56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ae | Nanjing | Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It l... | During the textile boom, how many jobs were created? | During the textile boom, how many jobs were created? | [
"During the textile boom, how many jobs were created?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 200 thousand jobs"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82677 | 56e02f6f7aa994140058e317 | Saint_Helena | Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, includ... | What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting? | What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting? | [
"What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?"
] | {
"text": [
"new immigrants"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78113 | 5acd745d07355d001abf4311 | Strasbourg | The tram system that now criss-crosses the historic city centre complements walking and biking in it. The centre has been transformed into a pedestrian priority zone that enables and invites walking and biking by making these active modes of transport comfortable, safe and enjoyable. These attributes are accomplished b... | Who takes priority between pedestrians and bicyclists? | Who takes priority between pedestrians and bicyclists? | [
"Who takes priority between pedestrians and bicyclists?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9201 | 57325f78e99e3014001e6736 | The_Bronx | The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican)... | How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917? | How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917? | [
"How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 31%"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80324 | 572faebea23a5019007fc88b | Bacteria | In most bacteria, a cell wall is present on the outside of the cell membrane. The cell membrane and cell wall comprise the cell envelope. A common bacterial cell wall material is peptidoglycan (called "murein" in older sources), which is made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides containing D-amino acids.... | How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria? | How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria? | [
"How can antibiotic penicillin destroy bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"by inhibiting a step in the synthesis of peptidoglycan"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109260 | 572797715951b619008f8e41 | Carnival | Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that ref... | Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen? | Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen? | [
"Who gets to be crowned Road March King or Queen?"
] | {
"text": [
"The singer of the most played song"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73052 | 56d369ca59d6e41400146324 | American_Idol | Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s... | Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge? | Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge? | [
"Which season of American Idol featured Katy Perry as a guest judge?"
] | {
"text": [
"season nine"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90484 | 5727ed31ff5b5019007d98b5 | Tibet | Tibetan music often involves chanting in Tibetan or Sanskrit, as an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained syllables. Other st... | What do the chants often contain? | What do the chants often contain? | [
"What do the chants often contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"recitations of sacred texts"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1796 | 5ad17055645df0001a2d1b7a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In the Treaty of Paris after the Revolution, the British had ceded the lands between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River to the United States, without consulting the Shawnee, Cherokee, Choctaw and other smaller tribes who lived there. Because many of the tribes had fought as allies of the British, the U... | What treaty ceded territory to the UK extending west to the Mississippi River? | What treaty ceded territory to the UK extending west to the Mississippi River? | [
"What treaty ceded territory to the UK extending west to the Mississippi River?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114713 | 570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea4 | Emotion | Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t... | What component of emotion provides its perceived energy? | What component of emotion provides its perceived energy? | [
"What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?"
] | {
"text": [
"core affect"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42956 | 570d724bfed7b91900d46128 | Franco-Prussian_War | To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t... | What country were the French hoping to be allied with? | What country were the French hoping to be allied with? | [
"What country were the French hoping to be allied with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Denmark"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80969 | 5723e05c0dadf01500fa1f66 | Queen_Victoria | Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ... | Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment? | Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment? | [
"Following Alberts death, what was the first year that Victoria attended the State opening of Parliment?"
] | {
"text": [
"1866"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22423 | 57096446ed30961900e8406d | Himachal_Pradesh | Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una dist... | Who was last in population strength? | Who was last in population strength? | [
"Who was last in population strength?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lahaul Spiti"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40963 | 5726e0c55951b619008f8124 | Predation | Mimicry is a related phenomenon where an organism has a similar appearance to another species. One such example is the drone fly, which looks a lot like a bee, yet is completely harmless as it cannot sting at all. Another example of batesian mimicry is the io moth, (Automeris io), which has markings on its wings that r... | Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting? | Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting? | [
"Which organism looks like a bee but cannot sting?"
] | {
"text": [
"drone fly"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115843 | 5a8dca02df8bba001a0f9c23 | Richard_Feynman | Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg. Upon starting high school, Feynman was quickly promoted into a higher math class. An unspecified school-administered IQ test estimated his IQ at 123—high, but "m... | What IQ score did Feynman attain in middle school? | What IQ score did Feynman attain in middle school? | [
"What IQ score did Feynman attain in middle school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68237 | 5ad42525604f3c001a4008d9 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England ... | Which organization oversees several K-9 Parochial Schools? | Which organization oversees several K-9 Parochial Schools? | [
"Which organization oversees several K-9 Parochial Schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16594 | 572a427e3f37b3190047883e | Friedrich_Hayek | Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his... | What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? | What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? | [
"What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical liberalism"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13999 | 56de85e94396321400ee29ea | BBC_Television | The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels a... | How often are people required to remit the TV license fee? | How often are people required to remit the TV license fee? | [
"How often are people required to remit the TV license fee?"
] | {
"text": [
"annually"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102548 | 57300b6ea23a5019007fccbf | Association_football | The goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play and only in their penalty area. Outfield players mostly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use their head or torso to do so instead. The team that scores the most goals by the end of the matc... | About how many years between World Cups? | About how many years between World Cups? | [
"About how many years between World Cups?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105410 | 572830f74b864d19001646ce | History_of_science | In the 1920s, John Maynard Keynes prompted a division between microeconomics and macroeconomics. Under Keynesian economics macroeconomic trends can overwhelm economic choices made by individuals. Governments should promote aggregate demand for goods as a means to encourage economic expansion. Following World War II, Mi... | How did monaterism aim to control the economy? | How did monaterism aim to control the economy? | [
"How did monaterism aim to control the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"using the supply and demand of money"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80387 | 572fcc11947a6a140053ccd2 | Bacteria | Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 base pairs in the endosymbiotic bacteria Candidatus Carsonella ruddii, to 12,200,000 base pairs in the soil-dwelling bacteria Sorangium cellulosum. Spirochaetes of the genus Borrelia are a notable exception to this arrangement, wit... | What shape is chromosome of bacteria? | What shape is chromosome of bacteria? | [
"What shape is chromosome of bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"circular chromosome"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38398 | 5acd09a507355d001abf31fa | Materialism | Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are identical with material interactions. | What is not a fundamental substance in nature? | What is not a fundamental substance in nature? | [
"What is not a fundamental substance in nature? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30677 | 57265b12f1498d1400e8dd06 | Mexico_City | The city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only... | How many Indians helped build the infrastructure? | How many Indians helped build the infrastructure? | [
"How many Indians helped build the infrastructure? "
] | {
"text": [
"thousands"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24819 | 56cf306baab44d1400b88de8 | New_York_City | The Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and New Jersey. They are joined in the harbor by Governors Island National Monument, in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island includ... | What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial? | What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial? | [
"What is the common name for the General Grant National Memorial?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grant's Tomb"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108379 | 56e06d44231d4119001ac104 | Aspirated_consonant | Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced... | What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese? | What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese? | [
"What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"/p pʰ b/"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76035 | 56e0ced77aa994140058e72e | Web_browser | In January 2009, the European Commission announced it would investigate the bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows operating systems from Microsoft, saying "Microsoft's tying of Internet Explorer to the Windows operating system harms competition between web browsers, undermines product innovation and ultimately red... | The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what? | The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what? | [
"The Commission felt that the bundling undermined what?"
] | {
"text": [
"product innovation"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81937 | 5acfbc6077cf76001a685b55 | Royal_assent | While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholes... | Assent is never reserved to allow the British government to examine what? | Assent is never reserved to allow the British government to examine what? | [
"Assent is never reserved to allow the British government to examine what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98683 | 5a5fdc90eae51e001ab14cbd | Marvel_Comics | In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Di... | What was the only North American distribution company to go under? | What was the only North American distribution company to go under? | [
"What was the only North American distribution company to go under?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114583 | 5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887d | Emotion | Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,... | What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion? | What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion? | [
" What do some theories see as an unimportant part of emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1166 | 5a4e72b0755ab9001a10f454 | Airport | An airport is an aerodrome with facilities for flights to take off and land. Airports often have facilities to store and maintain aircraft, and a control tower. An airport consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface such as a runway f... | What is an example of an airport apron? | What is an example of an airport apron? | [
"What is an example of an airport apron?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60686 | 572785e85951b619008f8c4c | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | WPXD channel 31, an affiliate of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city. WHTV channel 18, a MyNetworkTV-affiliated station for the Lansing market, broadcasts from a transmitter in Lyndon Township, west of Ann Arbor. Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with product... | What is the abbreviation of CTN? | What is the abbreviation of CTN? | [
"What is the abbreviation of CTN?"
] | {
"text": [
"Community Television Network"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94813 | 57108592b654c5140001f953 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. M... | Mary Wollstonecraft argued for a society based on what idea? | Mary Wollstonecraft argued for a society based on what idea? | [
"Mary Wollstonecraft argued for a society based on what idea?"
] | {
"text": [
"reason"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38604 | 570c0778ec8fbc190045bc1e | FC_Barcelona | On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192... | In 1925 what incident by the crowd caused the closing of the stadium? | In 1925 what incident by the crowd caused the closing of the stadium? | [
"In 1925 what incident by the crowd caused the closing of the stadium?"
] | {
"text": [
"jeered the Royal March"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84743 | 5ad4d6c55b96ef001a10a2d1 | San_Diego | The San Diego Surf of the American Basketball Association is located in the city. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. This course was also the site of the 2008 U.S. Open Golf Championship. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted... | How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1945? | How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1945? | [
"How many times were the America's Cup yacht races hosted by the San Diego Yacht Club from 1988 to 1945?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58027 | 5ad41512604f3c001a4002db | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Proponents of affirmative action argue that by nature the system is not only race based, but also class and gender based. To eliminate two of its key components would undermine the purpose of the entire system. The African American Policy Forum believes that the class based argument is based on the idea that non-poor m... | Other than being race and gender based, what did believers in affirmative action also feel that the system did not discriminate against | Other than being race and gender based, what did believers in affirmative action also feel that the system did not discriminate against | [
"Other than being race and gender based, what did believers in affirmative action also feel that the system did not discriminate against"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85042 | 5726d79add62a815002e922c | Mali | In the far north, there is a division between Berber-descendent Tuareg nomad populations and the darker-skinned Bella or Tamasheq people, due the historical spread of slavery in the region. An estimated 800,000 people in Mali are descended from slaves. Slavery in Mali has persisted for centuries. The Arabic population ... | What group of people were known to keep Malian salves into the 20th century? | What group of people were known to keep Malian salves into the 20th century? | [
"What group of people were known to keep Malian salves into the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabic population"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20961 | 56dd36749a695914005b9569 | Prime_minister | In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minis... | What is the Israeli term for prime minister? | What is the Israeli term for prime minister? | [
"What is the Israeli term for prime minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rosh HaMemshalah"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88744 | 5a220964819328001af389d0 | Circadian_rhythm | Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put or... | What is rhythmicity more important for regulating then it is for coordinating with the environment? | What is rhythmicity more important for regulating then it is for coordinating with the environment? | [
"What is rhythmicity more important for regulating then it is for coordinating with the environment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88147 | 5a3c88d4cc5d22001a521e00 | God | St. Anselm's approach was to define God as, "that than which nothing greater can be conceived". Famed pantheist philosopher Baruch Spinoza would later carry this idea to its extreme: "By God I understand a being absolutely infinite, i.e., a substance consisting of infinite attributes, of which each one expresses an ete... | What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of? | What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of? | [
"What does St. Anselm believe the universe is comprised of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19750 | 573147faa5e9cc1400cdbdf9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Various theories for the decline of the Native American populations emphasize epidemic diseases, conflicts with Europeans, and conflicts among warring tribes. Scholars now believe that, among the various contributing factors, epidemic disease was the overwhelming cause of the population decline of the American natives.... | What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations? | What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations? | [
"What was the overwhelming reason for the decline of Native American populations?"
] | {
"text": [
"epidemic disease"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10657 | 56e03cc27aa994140058e3f9 | Comics | Cartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed. | Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics? | Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics? | [
"Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"digital technology"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67940 | 57301dd3a23a5019007fcdb2 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of p... | Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry? | Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry? | [
"Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16466 | 57318ae9e6313a140071d082 | Muammar_Gaddafi | On 27 June, the ICC issued arrest warrants for Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and his brother-in-law Abdullah Senussi, head of state security, for charges concerning crimes against humanity. Libyan officials rejected the ICC, claiming that it had "no legitimacy whatsoever" and highlighting that "all of its activities ... | Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law? | Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law? | [
"Who is Gaddafi's brother-in-law?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdullah Senussi"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78847 | 56d116d717492d1400aab8f5 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | At the time of its release, Twilight Princess was considered the greatest entry in the Zelda series by many critics, including writers for 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, IGN, and The Washington Post. It received several Game of the Year awards, and was the most ... | How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive? | How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive? | [
"How many Game of the Year awards did Twilight Princess receive?"
] | {
"text": [
"several"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68521 | 5a2f423ca83784001a7d2691 | Mesozoic | The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceo... | What percentage of marine life growth happened during the Permian–Triassic era? | What percentage of marine life growth happened during the Permian–Triassic era? | [
"What percentage of marine life growth happened during the Permian–Triassic era?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17272 | 5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d29 | Uranium | The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium ... | n what city wasn't uranium discovered? | n what city wasn't uranium discovered? | [
"n what city wasn't uranium discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1498 | 57316587e6313a140071ceda | Mosaic | The greatest mosaic work of the Palaeologan renaissance in art is the decoration of the Chora Church in Constantinople. Although the mosaics of the naos have not survived except three panels, the decoration of the exonarthex and the esonarthex constitute the most important full-scale mosaic cycle in Constantinople afte... | where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance? | where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance? | [
"where is the greatest mosaic work of the renaissance?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Chora Church in Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78671 | 573076bd396df91900096133 | Greeks | In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alex... | What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ? | What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ? | [
"What other close by countries have been greatly influenced by the Greek way of life ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts."
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54384 | 56df6a8d5ca0a614008f99db | Christian | Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations. However, Salibi is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Al... | What does Ṣalībī mean? | What does Ṣalībī mean? | [
"What does Ṣalībī mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Crusader"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16638 | 572a61a3b8ce0319002e2af7 | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1984, he was appointed as a member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on the advice of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher for his "services to the study of economics". Hayek had hoped to receive a baronetcy, and after he was awarded the CH he sent a le... | What group was Hayek inducted into by the Queen of England? | What group was Hayek inducted into by the Queen of England? | [
"What group was Hayek inducted into by the Queen of England?"
] | {
"text": [
"Order of the Companions of Honour"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26750 | 5709b308ed30961900e84432 | United_States_dollar | In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnection from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The use of paper money not b... | Which other war also caused a disconnect between paper money and precious metals? | Which other war also caused a disconnect between paper money and precious metals? | [
"Which other war also caused a disconnect between paper money and precious metals?"
] | {
"text": [
"War of 1812"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94188 | 5a7e53b470df9f001a875739 | Cork_(city) | The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station ... | What was Cork Fm Community Radio on 100.5FM formerly known as? | What was Cork Fm Community Radio on 100.5FM formerly known as? | [
"What was Cork Fm Community Radio on 100.5FM formerly known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99093 | 57278b2df1498d1400e8fb77 | Turner_Classic_Movies | The channel also broadcasts two movie blocks during the late evening hours each Sunday: "Silent Sunday Nights", which features silent films from the United States and abroad, usually in the latest restored version and often with new musical scores; and "TCM Imports" (which previously ran on Saturdays until the early 20... | On what day is TCM Underground shown? | On what day is TCM Underground shown? | [
"On what day is TCM Underground shown?"
] | {
"text": [
"Friday"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37023 | 5a0cdba6f5590b0018dab5d4 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocati... | What have higher-paid clinicians instructed caregivers to ignore? | What have higher-paid clinicians instructed caregivers to ignore? | [
"What have higher-paid clinicians instructed caregivers to ignore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3380 | 57265064dd62a815002e8151 | Southeast_Asia | In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kada... | What was the capital of Srivijaya kingdom? | What was the capital of Srivijaya kingdom? | [
"What was the capital of Srivijaya kingdom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sangrama Vijayatungavarman"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78699 | 57308f8e2461fd1900a9ce99 | Greeks | Greek demonstrates several linguistic features that are shared with other Balkan languages, such as Albanian, Bulgarian and Eastern Romance languages (see Balkan sprachbund), and has absorbed many foreign words, primarily of Western European and Turkish origin. Because of the movements of Philhellenism and the Diafotis... | What did these changes highlight ? | What did these changes highlight ? | [
"What did these changes highlight ?"
] | {
"text": [
"emphasized the modern Greeks' ancient heritage"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15712 | 5726e48f5951b619008f81ab | Chinese_characters | In certain cases compound words and set phrases may be contracted into single characters. Some of these can be considered logograms, where characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes, though these are generally instead considered ligatures or abbreviations (similar to scribal abbreviations, such as ... | What are logograms? | What are logograms? | [
"What are logograms?"
] | {
"text": [
"characters represent whole words rather than syllable-morphemes"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12625 | 5ad2ee21604f3c001a3fd9e9 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The Dean of the College of Cardinals in addition to such a titular church also receives the titular bishopric of Ostia, the primary suburbicarian see. Cardinals governing a particular Church retain that church. | What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church? | What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church? | [
"What do nuns retain if they are governing a particular church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99621 | 56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4c | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? | In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle? | [
"In what region of modern-day France did the Vikings settle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Normandy"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97062 | 56d1cd98e7d4791d009021e8 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the age of 21 he settled in Paris. Thereafter, during the last 18 years of his life, he gave only some 30 public performances, preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon. He supported himself by selling his compositions and teaching piano, for which he was in high demand. Chopin formed a friendship with Fr... | What was the likely cause of death for Chopin? | What was the likely cause of death for Chopin? | [
"What was the likely cause of death for Chopin?"
] | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
939
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47926 | 5726bf80f1498d1400e8ea1a | Napoleon | In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, the Allies exiled him to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km (12 mi) off the Tuscan coast. They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor. Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being capt... | In what sea is Elba located? | In what sea is Elba located? | [
"In what sea is Elba located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Mediterranean"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68545 | 5a2f52b2a83784001a7d2709 | Mesozoic | The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than to... | Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold? | Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold? | [
"Why were equatorial ocean waters too cold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2868 | 5acd8e2b07355d001abf4700 | British_Isles | Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have als... | Small animals like wolves or bears are what today? | Small animals like wolves or bears are what today? | [
"Small animals like wolves or bears are what today?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52881 | 5a73c75242eae6001a3899d6 | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What funding does the Overseas Development Institute like to offer to support democracies? | What funding does the Overseas Development Institute like to offer to support democracies? | [
"What funding does the Overseas Development Institute like to offer to support democracies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61102 | 5732afaccc179a14009dac12 | Police | Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of ... | What was the alternative to prevention? | What was the alternative to prevention? | [
"What was the alternative to prevention?"
] | {
"text": [
"a deterrent of punishment"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2519 | 56d246e7b329da140004eccf | Buddhism | Initially, prajñā is attained at a conceptual level by means of listening to sermons (dharma talks), reading, studying, and sometimes reciting Buddhist texts and engaging in discourse. Once the conceptual understanding is attained, it is applied to daily life so that each Buddhist can verify the truth of the Buddha's t... | In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice? | In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice? | [
"In theory when can one attain Nirvana during practice?"
] | {
"text": [
"at any point"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54692 | 5ad50b865b96ef001a10aa9b | Macintosh | In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics—an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing wa... | What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning? | What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning? | [
"What company was desktop publishing not unique to at it's beginning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29542 | 570c2b046b8089140040fba8 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the... | Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin? | Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin? | [
"Where was Mary consecrated as a virgin?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Temple in Jerusalem"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
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