gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-26823 | 5a8cd4c6fd22b3001a8d8f1a | United_States_dollar | The U.S. dollar was created by the Constitution and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. It specified a "dollar" to be based in the Spanish milled dollar and of 371 grains and 4 sixteenths part of a grain of pure or 416 grains (27.0 g) of standard silver and an "eagle" to be 247 and 4 eighths of a grain or 270 grains (1... | What defined the Hamilton? | What defined the Hamilton? | [
"What defined the Hamilton?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2273 | 56d0a384234ae51400d9c3e4 | Buddhism | According to East Asian and Tibetan Buddhism, there is an intermediate state (Tibetan "bardo") between one life and the next. The orthodox Theravada position rejects this; however there are passages in the Samyutta Nikaya of the Pali Canon that seem to lend support to the idea that the Buddha taught of an intermediate ... | There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism? | There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism? | [
"There is a transitional state between one life and the next according to what branches of Buddhism?"
] | {
"text": [
"East Asian and Tibetan"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32150 | 5728f9a14b864d190016515e | Myanmar | In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) off... | W is set to to be the major stock holder of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ? | W is set to to be the major stock holder of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ? | [
"W is set to to be the major stock holder of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32636 | 570e11f30dc6ce1900204db7 | Antarctica | About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of... | How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica? | How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica? | [
"How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10342 | 5a801c2e8f0597001ac0019e | Symbiosis | Symbiosis played a major role in the co-evolution of flowering plants and the animals that pollinate them. Many plants that are pollinated by insects, bats, or birds have highly specialized flowers modified to promote pollination by a specific pollinator that is also correspondingly adapted. The first flowering plants ... | What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers? | What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers? | [
"What flowering plants in the fossil record had relatively complex flowers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106780 | 5726806a5951b619008f74e0 | East_India_Company | In 1803, an Act of Parliament, promoted by the East India Company, established the East India Dock Company, with the aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India. The existing Brunswick Dock, part of the Blackwall Yard site, became the Export Dock; whil... | What was the name of the export dock of the EIC after the 1803 act? | What was the name of the export dock of the EIC after the 1803 act? | [
"What was the name of the export dock of the EIC after the 1803 act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brunswick Dock"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67304 | 5709cfcc4103511400d59450 | Animal | Deuterostomes differ from protostomes in several ways. Animals from both groups possess a complete digestive tract. However, in protostomes, the first opening of the gut to appear in embryological development (the archenteron) develops into the mouth, with the anus forming secondarily. In deuterostomes the anus forms f... | What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common? | What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common? | [
"What do deuterostomes and protostomes have in common?"
] | {
"text": [
"both groups possess a complete digestive tract"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19404 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab84410 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong? | What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong? | [
"What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94230 | 5a7e592670df9f001a8757a1 | Cork_(city) | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | When was St. Patrick's Street damaged by fire? | When was St. Patrick's Street damaged by fire? | [
"When was St. Patrick's Street damaged by fire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16286 | 5731744305b4da19006bd1b7 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for... | Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government? | Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government? | [
"Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Syria"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106295 | 5725de2a38643c19005ace0e | Hellenistic_period | The kingdom grew to its largest extent under Mithridates VI, who conquered Colchis, Cappadocia, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Lesser Armenia, the Bosporan Kingdom, the Greek colonies of the Tauric Chersonesos and for a brief time the Roman province of Asia. Mithridates VI, himself of mixed Persian and Greek ancestry, presente... | Who did the Macedoniankings claim Mithridates IV descended from? | Who did the Macedoniankings claim Mithridates IV descended from? | [
"Who did the Macedoniankings claim Mithridates IV descended from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Herakles"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45944 | 5ace488632bba1001ae4a195 | YouTube | In some countries, YouTube is completely blocked, either through a long term standing ban or for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries. In other countries access to the website as a whole remains open, but access to s... | What does YouTube do when the entire is site is blocked in all countries because of one video? | What does YouTube do when the entire is site is blocked in all countries because of one video? | [
"What does YouTube do when the entire is site is blocked in all countries because of one video?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7513 | 572f7193947a6a140053c972 | Database | Just as the navigational approach would require programs to loop in order to collect records, the relational approach would require loops to collect information about any one record. Codd's solution to the necessary looping was a set-oriented language, a suggestion that would later spawn the ubiquitous SQL. Using a bra... | What computer language came about as a result of the looping problem? | What computer language came about as a result of the looping problem? | [
"What computer language came about as a result of the looping problem?"
] | {
"text": [
"SQL"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38358 | 5a7d388a70df9f001a87501b | Neolithic | However, early farmers were also adversely affected in times of famine, such as may be caused by drought or pests. In instances where agriculture had become the predominant way of life, the sensitivity to these shortages could be particularly acute, affecting agrarian populations to an extent that otherwise may not hav... | What could sensitivity to cultivation be? | What could sensitivity to cultivation be? | [
"What could sensitivity to cultivation be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75021 | 572ec373c246551400ce4634 | Elevator | Independent service is a special service mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is reroute... | At what times is Independant service best utilized? | At what times is Independant service best utilized? | [
"At what times is Independant service best utilized?"
] | {
"text": [
"when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37714 | 5728bfe9ff5b5019007da5f0 | London | The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Aca... | Who overseas the public primary and secondary school systems in London? | Who overseas the public primary and secondary school systems in London? | [
"Who overseas the public primary and secondary school systems in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"the London boroughs"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102089 | 57292b1f6aef051400154b1c | States_of_Germany | The governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg are designated by the term Senate. In the three free states of Bavaria, Saxony, and Thuringia the government is referred to as the State Government (Staatsregierung), and in the other ten states the term Land Government (Landesregierung) is used. Before January 1, 2000, Bav... | What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called? | What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called? | [
"What are the governments in Berlin, Bremen and Hamburg called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106723 | 57267423f1498d1400e8e01d | East_India_Company | Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased back to the Company at £40,000 for two years. Under the Act's most impo... | How much did the parliament lease British india for to EIC (the lease was for two years)? | How much did the parliament lease British india for to EIC (the lease was for two years)? | [
"How much did the parliament lease British india for to EIC (the lease was for two years)? "
] | {
"text": [
"£40,000"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44263 | 5731e228b9d445190005e611 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Praça dos Três Poderes (Portuguese for Square of the Three Powers) is a plaza in Brasília. The name is derived from the encounter of the three federal branches around the plaza: the Executive, represented by the Palácio do Planalto (presidential office); the Legislative, represented by the National Congress (Congresso ... | What is Brazil's Congress called? | What is Brazil's Congress called? | [
"What is Brazil's Congress called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congresso Nacional"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-349 | 56f9575c9e9bad19000a084d | Marshall_Islands | A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San... | Where did missionaries live as of 1857? | Where did missionaries live as of 1857? | [
"Where did missionaries live as of 1857?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ebon"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13294 | 56e792e237bdd419002c4183 | Nanjing | In 1937, the Empire of Japan started a full-scale invasion of China after invading Manchuria in 1931, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War (often considered a theatre of World War II). Their troops occupied Nanjing in December and carried out the systematic and brutal Nanking Massacre (the "Rape of Nanking"). Even ch... | When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built? | When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built? | [
"When was the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1985"
],
"answer_start": [
708
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29835 | 570d03b1fed7b91900d45bbd | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Although the Catholics and the Orthodox may honor and venerate Mary, they do not view her as divine, nor do they worship her. Roman Catholics view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. Similarly Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote that the Orthodox view Mary as "... | What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology? | What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology? | [
"What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology?"
] | {
"text": [
"hyperdulia"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12025 | 5ad14301645df0001a2d143f | Universal_Studios | Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released ... | What position did J. Cowdin Cheever hold? | What position did J. Cowdin Cheever hold? | [
"What position did J. Cowdin Cheever hold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44385 | 57070e6c9e06ca38007e934d | Chihuahua_(state) | In March 1912, in Chihuahua, Gen. Pascual Orozco revolted. Immediately President Francisco Madero commanded Gen. Victoriano Huerta of the Federal Army, to put down the Orozco revolt. The governor of Chihuahua mobilized the state militia led by Colonel Pancho Villa to supplement General Huerta. By June, Villa notified H... | Who saved Villa's life? | Who saved Villa's life? | [
"Who saved Villa's life?"
] | {
"text": [
"Raúl Madero"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67531 | 5a81abed31013a001a334d4f | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia from 1788. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825, when i... | Who was Norfolk Island destroyed by? | Who was Norfolk Island destroyed by? | [
"Who was Norfolk Island destroyed by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35031 | 5a8cdf5bfd22b3001a8d8f8b | Memory | Hebb distinguished between short-term and long-term memory. He postulated that any memory that stayed in short-term storage for a long enough time would be consolidated into a long-term memory. Later research showed this to be false. Research has shown that direct injections of cortisol or epinephrine help the storage ... | What are patients with amygdalar damage more likely to remember? | What are patients with amygdalar damage more likely to remember? | [
"What are patients with amygdalar damage more likely to remember?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88414 | 56d8e72adc89441400fdb3b4 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international... | Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008? | Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008? | [
"Who approved a resolution concerning human rights on April 1, 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"San Francisco Board of Supervisors"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49984 | 5a81e05b31013a001a334f41 | Phonology | Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis eit... | What kind of systems did branches focus on? | What kind of systems did branches focus on? | [
"What kind of systems did branches focus on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22672 | 5727c1593acd2414000debbc | Exhibition_game | National Basketball Association teams play eight preseason games per year. Today, NBA teams almost always play each other in the preseason, but mainly at neutral sites within their market areas in order to allow those who can't usually make a trip to a home team's arena during the regular season to see a game close to ... | Where are the TImberwolves based? | Where are the TImberwolves based? | [
"Where are the TImberwolves based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minnesota"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42018 | 5a42ea2c4a4859001aac739d | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | While Nintendo never released an adapter for playing NES games on the SNES (though the instructions included a way to connect both consoles to the same TV by either daisy chaining the RF switches or using AV outputs for one or both systems), the Super Game Boy adapter cartridge allows games designed for Nintendo's port... | In what country was the SNES released? | In what country was the SNES released? | [
"In what country was the SNES released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34874 | 5726a3475951b619008f788c | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run? | What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run? | [
"What did Ludwig Von Mises and Friedrich Hayek run?"
] | {
"text": [
"a group of central European economists"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76955 | 572669c3f1498d1400e8dee8 | Dutch_language | As a foreign language, Dutch is mainly taught in primary and secondary schools in areas adjacent to the Netherlands and Flanders. In French-speaking Belgium, over 300,000 pupils are enrolled in Dutch courses, followed by over 23,000 in the German states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia, and about 7,000 in the... | Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch? | Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch? | [
"Besides North Rhine-Westphalia, which German state has the most pupils of Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lower Saxony"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77855 | 5acd583707355d001abf3e0e | Strasbourg | The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led t... | What was the grand Mithraeum? | What was the grand Mithraeum? | [
"What was the grand Mithraeum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4569 | 5a610693e9e1cc001a33ce4c | Pope_John_XXIII | Roncalli was summoned to the final ballot of the conclave at 4:00 pm. He was elected pope at 4:30 pm with a total of 38 votes. After the long pontificate of Pope Pius XII, the cardinals chose a man who – it was presumed because of his advanced age – would be a short-term or "stop-gap" pope. They wished to choose a cand... | At what time was John XXIII called to final ballot of the conclave? | At what time was John XXIII called to final ballot of the conclave? | [
"At what time was John XXIII called to final ballot of the conclave?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80068 | 5726b478f1498d1400e8e822 | Samoa | The New Zealand police attempted to arrest one of the leaders in the demonstration. When he resisted, a struggle developed between the police and the Mau. The officers began to fire randomly into the crowd and a Lewis machine gun, mounted in preparation for this demonstration, was used to disperse the demonstrators. Ch... | What do Samoans call the historical day of the Mau demonstration? | What do Samoans call the historical day of the Mau demonstration? | [
"What do Samoans call the historical day of the Mau demonstration?"
] | {
"text": [
"Black Saturday"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78781 | 5ad29fdfd7d075001a429c82 | Greeks | The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his... | What are considered to be the motherland of the French? | What are considered to be the motherland of the French? | [
" What are considered to be the motherland of the French?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41198 | 5731779aa5e9cc1400cdbf97 | Egypt | Coptic Christians face discrimination at multiple levels of the government, ranging from disproportionate representation in government ministries to laws that limit their ability to build or repair churches. Intolerance of Bahá'ís and non-orthodox Muslim sects, such as Sufis, Shi'a and Ahmadis, also remains a problem. ... | When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith? | When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith? | [
"When did Egyptian court rule that members of other faiths could obtain ID cards without listing faith?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73929 | 56de2b2d4396321400ee261e | Architecture | The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodi... | Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans? | Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans? | [
"Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman architect Vitruvius"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17791 | 56cee58daab44d1400b88c1d | Spectre_(2015_film) | During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th annivers... | Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix? | Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix? | [
"Which team displayed the Bond logo during the Mexican Grand Prix?"
] | {
"text": [
"Williams F1"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106705 | 572670a2dd62a815002e84ee | East_India_Company | Within the Army, British officers who initially trained at the company's own academy at the Addiscombe Military Seminary, always outranked Indians, no matter how long their service. The highest rank to which an Indian soldier could aspire was Subadar-Major (or Rissaldar-Major in cavalry units), effectively a senior sub... | What was the name of EIC military company? | What was the name of EIC military company? | [
"What was the name of EIC military company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Addiscombe Military Seminary"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86744 | 56e77c8900c9c71400d771a1 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The RIBA has three parts to the education process: Part I which is generally a three-year first degree, a year-out of at least one year work experience in an architectural practice precedes the Part II which is generally a two-year post graduate diploma or masters. A further year out must be taken before the RIBA Part ... | How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered? | How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered? | [
"How long does it take, at the least, for a student to be eligible for the title of Chartered?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven years"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112124 | 5728daea3acd2414000e0055 | Race_(human_categorization) | The 1775 treatise "The Natural Varieties of Mankind", by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach proposed five major divisions: the Caucasoid race, Mongoloid race, Ethiopian race (later termed Negroid, and not to be confused with the narrower Ethiopid race), American Indian race, and Malayan race, but he did not propose any hierar... | What race was later renamed to Negroid? | What race was later renamed to Negroid? | [
"What race was later renamed to Negroid?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ethiopian"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98486 | 56f8d2919e9bad19000a059e | Alps | In the first half of the 20th century the Olympic Winter Games were held three times in Alpine venues: the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France; the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland; and the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. During World War II the winter games were canceled bu... | When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? | When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? | [
"When were the Winter Olympics held in Albertville, France? "
] | {
"text": [
"(1992)"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67935 | 5ad41a83604f3c001a4004c2 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North Amer... | What percentage of those sold as slaves in South America landed at Sullivan's Island? | What percentage of those sold as slaves in South America landed at Sullivan's Island? | [
"What percentage of those sold as slaves in South America landed at Sullivan's Island?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56395 | 5727951d708984140094e184 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine... | What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive? | What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive? | [
"What is a international NPO that works on local levels to help communities thrive?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rotary International"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103530 | 571e032d5569731900639102 | Multiracial_American | By the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children (and adults of mixed-race ancestry) began to organize and lobby for the ability to show more than one ethnic category on Census and other legal forms. They refused to be put into just one category. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of "bi-racial"... | Which political leaders spoke out against the proposed designations? | Which political leaders spoke out against the proposed designations? | [
"Which political leaders spoke out against the proposed designations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Senator Diane Watson and Representative Augustus Hawkins"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67953 | 57301f89a23a5019007fcddd | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Bo... | When did the Great Migration occur? | When did the Great Migration occur? | [
"When did the Great Migration occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"the early 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27081 | 57098503200fba140036811f | Orthodox_Judaism | Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable... | What is a Torah study institute for married men called? | What is a Torah study institute for married men called? | [
"What is a Torah study institute for married men called?"
] | {
"text": [
"kollel"
],
"answer_start": [
1156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49450 | 570d1a25fed7b91900d45c0f | Valencia | Public transport is provided by the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat Valenciana (FGV), which operates the Metrovalencia and other rail and bus services. The Estació del Nord (North Station) is the main railway terminus in Valencia. A new temporary station, Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla, has been built on land adja... | What station in Valencia was built for high-speed trains? | What station in Valencia was built for high-speed trains? | [
"What station in Valencia was built for high-speed trains?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estación de València-Joaquín Sorolla"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53307 | 5727b50e2ca10214002d946d | Sichuan | The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the pr... | Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan? | Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan? | [
"Which tributary of the Yangtze flows through central Sichuan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Min River"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56724 | 5727a6242ca10214002d92dd | Gramophone_record | In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. RCA Vict... | Who released the first commercial long play discs? | Who released the first commercial long play discs? | [
"Who released the first commercial long play discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"RCA Victor"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45201 | 5a60b3b5e9e1cc001a33cd73 | Sahara | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | Where are grasslands and shrubs frequently found in abundance? | Where are grasslands and shrubs frequently found in abundance? | [
"Where are grasslands and shrubs frequently found in abundance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41413 | 56cddec762d2951400fa692c | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Reporters in Chengdu said they saw cracks on walls of some residential buildings in the downtown areas, but no buildings collapsed. Many Beijing office towers were evacuated, including the building housing the media offices for the organizers of the 2008 Summer Olympics. None of the Olympic venues were damaged. Meanwhi... | Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings? | Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings? | [
"Where did the reporters say they saw cracks on walls of some buildings?"
] | {
"text": [
"in Chengdu"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110539 | 572671c4708984140094c648 | Professional_wrestling | In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these restrictions, many mixed tag ma... | What isn't uncommon in lucha libre? | What isn't uncommon in lucha libre? | [
"What isn't uncommon in lucha libre?"
] | {
"text": [
"cheap-shots and male-female attacks"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96541 | 57277589dd62a815002e9d5e | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour... | What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side? | What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side? | [
"What prophecy was fulfilled by the piercing of Jesus' side?"
] | {
"text": [
"Old Testament prophecy"
],
"answer_start": [
810
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74651 | 570dfdf40b85d914000d7c7e | Melbourne | Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbərn/, AU i/ˈmɛlbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name "Melbourne" refers to the area of urban agglomeration (as well as a census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) which co... | Which city is the most populous city in Victoria? | Which city is the most populous city in Victoria? | [
"Which city is the most populous city in Victoria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61099 | 5732afaccc179a14009dac0f | Police | Edwin Chadwick's 1829 article, "Preventive police" in the London Review, argued that prevention ought to be the primary concern of a police body, which was not the case in practice. The reason, argued Chadwick, was that "A preventive police would act more immediately by placing difficulties in obtaining the objects of ... | When was 'Preventive Police' published? | When was 'Preventive Police' published? | [
"When was 'Preventive Police' published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1829"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105444 | 5728355f4b864d1900164729 | History_of_science | Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The sociology of science in particular has focused on the ways in which scientists work, looking closely at the ways in which they "produc... | What did sociology in science explain? | What did sociology in science explain? | [
"What did sociology in science explain?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ways in which scientists work"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47127 | 5726a8eef1498d1400e8e66b | Madonna_(entertainer) | Beginning in April 1985, Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in North America, The Virgin Tour, with the Beastie Boys as her opening act. She progressed from playing CBGB and the Mudd Club to playing large sporting arenas. At that time she released two more hit singles from the album, "Angel" and "Dress You Up".... | How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for? | How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for? | [
"How much was Madonna's nude photos were finally sold for?"
] | {
"text": [
"up to $100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35437 | 5726b7d7708984140094cee4 | Gothic_architecture | On the exterior, the verticality is emphasised in a major way by the towers and spires and in a lesser way by strongly projecting vertical buttresses, by narrow half-columns called attached shafts which often pass through several storeys of the building, by long narrow windows, vertical mouldings around doors and figur... | What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles? | What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles? | [
"What is one design element of Gothic construction that is often terminated by small pinnacles?"
] | {
"text": [
"The roofline"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13509 | 56e7c15800c9c71400d77589 | Nanjing | Nanjing has been the educational centre in southern China for more than 1700 years. There are 75 institutions of higher learning till 2013. The number of National key laboratories, National key disciplines and the academicians of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering all rank third in the natio... | What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories? | What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories? | [
"What is Nanjing's nationwide ranking for National key laboratories?"
] | {
"text": [
"third"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47192 | 5726d6ef708984140094d2fd | Madonna_(entertainer) | She met director Guy Ritchie, who would become her second husband, in November 1998 and gave birth to their son Rocco John Ritchie on August 11, 2000 in Los Angeles. Rocco and Madonna suffered complications from the birth due to her experiencing placenta praevia. He was christened at Dornoch Cathedral in Dornoch, Scotl... | Who is Madonna's second husband? | Who is Madonna's second husband? | [
"Who is Madonna's second husband?"
] | {
"text": [
"Guy Ritchie"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37313 | 5727a7603acd2414000de8ec | Switzerland | Switzerland voted against membership in the European Economic Area in a referendum in December 1992 and has since maintained and developed its relationships with the European Union (EU) and European countries through bilateral agreements. In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession nego... | How much did the Swiss economy grow in 2010? | How much did the Swiss economy grow in 2010? | [
"How much did the Swiss economy grow in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"3%"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55443 | 5acfc0ce77cf76001a685cb0 | Presbyterianism | Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning. Continuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as... | Other than subordinate standards, what else do Presbyterians consider important? | Other than subordinate standards, what else do Presbyterians consider important? | [
"Other than subordinate standards, what else do Presbyterians consider important?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94985 | 5710e0c2a58dae1900cd6b17 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The Enlightenment has been frequently linked to the French Revolution of 1789. One view of the political changes that occurred during the Enlightenment is that the "consent of the governed" philosophy as delineated by Locke in Two Treatises of Government (1689) represented a paradigm shift from the old governance parad... | Who delineated the "consent of the governed" in Two Treatises of Government (1689)? | Who delineated the "consent of the governed" in Two Treatises of Government (1689)? | [
"Who delineated the \"consent of the governed\" in Two Treatises of Government (1689)?"
] | {
"text": [
"Locke"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33643 | 5a679283f038b7001ab0c2e2 | Film_speed | On an international level the German DIN 4512 system has been effectively superseded in the 1980s by ISO 6:1974, ISO 2240:1982, and ISO 5800:1979 where the same sensitivity is written in linear and logarithmic form as "ISO 100/21°" (now again with degree symbol). These ISO standards were subsequently adopted by DIN as ... | What standards did DIN abandon? | What standards did DIN abandon? | [
"What standards did DIN abandon?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35044 | 571a46b64faf5e1900b8a93e | Memory | Cognitive neuroscientists consider memory as the retention, reactivation, and reconstruction of the experience-independent internal representation. The term of internal representation implies that such definition of memory contains two components: the expression of memory at the behavioral or conscious level, and the u... | What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person? | What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person? | [
"What showed that memory exists even before that memory is known to the person?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moscovitch 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22598 | 5727bd203acd2414000deb18 | Exhibition_game | International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that internat... | What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies? | What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies? | [
"What concern has caused national associations and clubs to disagree about friendlies?"
] | {
"text": [
"availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38013 | 57301ab104bcaa1900d771a9 | Roman_Republic | Around 66 BC, a movement to use constitutional, or at least peaceful, means to address the plight of various classes began. After several failures, the movement's leaders decided to use any means that were necessary to accomplish their goals. The movement coalesced under an aristocrat named Lucius Sergius Catilina. The... | When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin? | When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin? | [
"When did the movement that considered the use of peaceful means to solve the plight of lesser classes begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Around 66 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98123 | 56e1a28ee3433e140042304e | Hydrogen | Apart from its use as a reactant, H
2 has wide applications in physics and engineering. It is used as a shielding gas in welding methods such as atomic hydrogen welding. H2 is used as the rotor coolant in electrical generators at power stations, because it has the highest thermal conductivity of any gas. Liquid H2 is u... | How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations? | How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations? | [
"How is H2 used in electrical generators at power stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"as the rotor coolant"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20882 | 5acfb29077cf76001a685943 | Prime_minister | Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and ... | What prime minster was mentally ill? | What prime minster was mentally ill? | [
"What prime minster was mentally ill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17777 | 56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba3 | Spectre_(2015_film) | The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in ... | When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format? | When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format? | [
"When was the main theme of Spectre made available in digital format?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 September 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25293 | 56d1191d17492d1400aab933 | New_York_City | Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 yellow taxicabs; various competing startup transportation network companies; and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island. | Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate? | Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate? | [
"Where does the aerial tramway that starts on Roosevelt Island terminate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan Island"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18134 | 570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f7 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, I... | What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for? | What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for? | [
"What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Criminal Police Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105897 | 572f73b704bcaa1900d76970 | Compact_disc | SVCD has two-thirds the resolution of DVD, and over 2.7 times the resolution of VCD. One CD-R disc can hold up to 60 minutes of standard quality SVCD-format video. While no specific limit on SVCD video length is mandated by the specification, one must lower the video bit rate, and therefore quality, to accommodate very... | What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold? | What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold? | [
"What is the maximum amount of video a SVCD can properly hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"100 minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93110 | 5aceeeed32bba1001ae4b955 | Tajikistan | Public education in Tajikistan consists of 11 years of primary and secondary education but the government has plans to implement a 12-year system in 2016. There is a relatively large number of tertiary education institutions including Khujand State University which has 76 departments in 15 faculties, Tajikistan State U... | Many Tajiks left the education system due to high demand in the labor what? | Many Tajiks left the education system due to high demand in the labor what? | [
"Many Tajiks left the education system due to high demand in the labor what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73834 | 5ad56da45b96ef001a10ae8f | Warsaw_Pact | In April 1954 Adenauer made his first visit to the USA meeting Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles. Ratification of EDC was delaying but the US representatives made it clear to Adenauer that EDC would have to become a part of NATO. | Who met Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles in May 1954? | Who met Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles in May 1954? | [
"Who met Nixon, Eisenhower and Dulles in May 1954?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60755 | 570afefeec8fbc190045b7bd | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian calendar is a solar calendar. A regular Gregorian year consists of 365 days, but as in the Julian calendar, in a leap year, a leap day is added to February. In the Julian calendar a leap year occurs every 4 years, but the Gregorian calendar omits 3 leap days every 400 years. In the Julian calendar, this l... | When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days? | When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days? | [
"When does the Gregorian calendar omit 3 leap days?"
] | {
"text": [
"every 400 years"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48865 | 571a8c844faf5e1900b8aa6d | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Rufinus relates a story that as Bishop Alexander stood by a window, he watched boys playing on the seashore below, imitating the ritual of Christian baptism. He sent for the children and discovered that one of the boys (Athanasius) had acted as bishop. After questioning Athanasius, Bishop Alexander informed him that th... | What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius? | What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius? | [
"What work did the Bishop suggest for Athanasius?"
] | {
"text": [
"clerical careers"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44348 | 5707070890286e26004fc805 | Chihuahua_(state) | During the 14th century in the northeastern part of the state nomad tribes by the name of Jornado hunted bison along the Rio Grande; they left numerous rock paintings throughout the northeastern part of the state. When the Spanish explorers reached this area they found their descendants, Suma and Manso tribes. In the s... | What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison? | What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison? | [
"What was the name of the nomad tribes that hunted bison?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jornado"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91394 | 5acea21632bba1001ae4ae1c | Avicenna | Avicenna was a devout Muslim and sought to reconcile rational philosophy with Islamic theology. His aim was to prove the existence of God and His creation of the world scientifically and through reason and logic. Avicenna's views on Islamic theology (and philosophy) were enormously influential, forming part of the core... | Up until what century was Avicenna's work slightly influential? | Up until what century was Avicenna's work slightly influential? | [
"Up until what century was Avicenna's work slightly influential?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6579 | 57282b823acd2414000df610 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation Network is the unified online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service provided by Sony Computer Entertainment for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable, announced during the 2006 PlayStation Business Briefing meeting in Tokyo. The service is always connected, free, and includes multiplayer su... | Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases? | Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases? | [
"Does PlayStation Network use artificial or real currency for purchases?"
] | {
"text": [
"real"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75621 | 5acfcf7277cf76001a68612f | Cubism | This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's... | Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1913? | Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1913? | [
"Who painted the Wedding, show at Salon des Independants in 1913?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6693 | 5ad34dc2604f3c001a3fdcbe | PlayStation_3 | Since the system's launch, production costs have been reduced significantly as a result of phasing out the Emotion Engine chip and falling hardware costs. The cost of manufacturing Cell microprocessors has fallen dramatically as a result of moving to the 65 nm production process, and Blu-ray Disc diodes have become che... | As of Summer 2008, what was the cost to Sony to make a PS3? | As of Summer 2008, what was the cost to Sony to make a PS3? | [
"As of Summer 2008, what was the cost to Sony to make a PS3?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65125 | 5ad1375b645df0001a2d11d8 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | As of 2012, renewable energy plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries globally. Renewables are becoming increasingly economic in both developing and developed countries. Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with co... | What plays a major role in the energy mix of every single country? | What plays a major role in the energy mix of every single country? | [
"What plays a major role in the energy mix of every single country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17201 | 570e37d60b85d914000d7d8c | Uranium | A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or... | What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday? | What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday? | [
"What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.25 mg/m3"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110333 | 57280ddfff5b5019007d9be6 | Culture | In the context of cultural studies, the idea of a text includes not only written language, but also films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles: the texts of cultural studies comprise all the meaningful artifacts of culture.[citation needed] Similarly, the discipline widens the concept of "culture". "Culture" for a cultu... | The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language? | The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language? | [
"The idea of text in cultural studies can include what forms other than written language?"
] | {
"text": [
"films, photographs, fashion or hairstyles"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48587 | 572847174b864d19001648a1 | War_on_Terror | The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush ann... | When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq? | When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq? | [
"When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 May 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95612 | 5ad3e101604f3c001a3ff4f2 | Yale_University | In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative. As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Y... | As of 2008, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization? | As of 2008, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization? | [
"As of 2008, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112472 | 5aced70932bba1001ae4b6d0 | United_States_Army | Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, ... | Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located? | Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located? | [
"Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19617 | 5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afdf | Comprehensive_school | The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools... | When was Holyhead County School closed? | When was Holyhead County School closed? | [
"When was Holyhead County School closed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46020 | 57323f34b9d445190005e917 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independen... | When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society? | When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society? | [
"When did Rutherford introduce the new name for the Society?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 26, 1931"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24030 | 5726c788dd62a815002e9009 | Bermuda | The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or ... | What is the national bird of Bermuda? | What is the national bird of Bermuda? | [
"What is the national bird of Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bermuda petrel or cahow"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49527 | 570d489cb3d812140066d644 | Valencia | Valencia has experienced a surge in its cultural development during the last thirty years, exemplified by exhibitions and performances at such iconic institutions as the Palau de la Música, the Palacio de Congresos, the Metro, the City of Arts and Sciences (Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències), the Valencian Museum of En... | What part of Valencia is undergoing improvements? | What part of Valencia is undergoing improvements? | [
"What part of Valencia is undergoing improvements?"
] | {
"text": [
"Old City"
],
"answer_start": [
724
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35263 | 5726980cf1498d1400e8e497 | Gothic_architecture | At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part o... | What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as? | What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as? | [
"What was the region covering modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Holy Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19851 | 573181eee6313a140071cfdb | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indige... | What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on? | What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on? | [
"What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on?"
] | {
"text": [
"national culture"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36720 | 5a848f6e7cf838001a46a93e | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged ... | What did Alexander Hamilton function as to oppose James Madison? | What did Alexander Hamilton function as to oppose James Madison? | [
"What did Alexander Hamilton function as to oppose James Madison?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88037 | 5a3c6b53cc5d22001a521daa | God | Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity... | In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble? | In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble? | [
"In Christianity what does Jesus not resemble?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65907 | 5719fa954faf5e1900b8a866 | Seattle | Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province.... | What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US? | What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US? | [
"What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"self-identified mixed-race"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44653 | 57072c019e06ca38007e94d3 | Chihuahua_(state) | During the 1990s after NAFTA was signed, industrial development grew rapidly with foreign investment. Large factories known as maquiladoras were built to export manufactured goods to the United States and Canada. Today, most of the maquiladoras produce electronics, automobile, and aerospace components. There are more t... | Most maquiladoras today produce what? | Most maquiladoras today produce what? | [
"Most maquiladoras today produce what?"
] | {
"text": [
"electronics, automobile, and aerospace components"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.