gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-55718 | 57269d2bf1498d1400e8e4f4 | Presbyterianism | The Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu is the largest denomination in the country, with approximately one-third of the population of Vanuatu members of the church. The PCV was taken to Vanuatu by missionaries from Scotland. The PCV (Presbyterian Church of Vanuatu) is headed by a moderator with offices in Port Vila. The PCV... | Which two towns have Presbyterian people, but no churches? | Which two towns have Presbyterian people, but no churches? | [
"Which two towns have Presbyterian people, but no churches?"
] | {
"text": [
"Penama and Torba"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101489 | 56d4bb172ccc5a1400d83186 | Dog | Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs ar... | What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general? | What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general? | [
"What is the most common phrase, or nickname, used by people in the United States to describe dogs in general?"
] | {
"text": [
"man's best friend"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83439 | 5ad25bd3d7d075001a428e8b | Dominican_Order | Albertus Magnus championed the idea, drawn from Dionysus, that positive knowledge of God is possible, but obscure. Thus, it is easier to state what God is not, than to state what God is: "... we affirm things of God only relatively, that is, casually, whereas we deny things of God absolutely, that is, with reference to... | Who believed that negative knowledge of God is possible, but obsure? | Who believed that negative knowledge of God is possible, but obsure? | [
"Who believed that negative knowledge of God is possible, but obsure?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28559 | 5a0e19f9d7c8500018864524 | Canadian_football | The Grey Cup was established in 1909 after being donated by Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, The Governor General of Canada as the championship of teams under the CRU for the Rugby Football Championship of Canada. Initially an amateur competition, it eventually became dominated by professional teams in the 1940s and early 1... | When did amateur teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship | When did amateur teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship | [
"When did amateur teams begin to dominate the Canadian football championship"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21089 | 572eac16c246551400ce44b1 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups, Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish, but millions of Puerto Rican Americans living in the U.S. mainland nonetheless are fluent in Spanish. Puerto Ricans are natural-born U.S. citizens, an... | Does Florida have a high Hispanic population? | Does Florida have a high Hispanic population? | [
"Does Florida have a high Hispanic population?"
] | {
"text": [
"increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of the Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida. In Hawaii"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27271 | 572edbc103f9891900756a99 | Transistor | The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a lot of power. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be ... | What year did Lilienfeld file his patent? | What year did Lilienfeld file his patent? | [
"What year did Lilienfeld file his patent?"
] | {
"text": [
"1925"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24758 | 56cf1a05aab44d1400b88d7f | New_York_City | Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong... | How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high? | How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high? | [
"How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high?"
] | {
"text": [
"50"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95171 | 56df875256340a1900b29d00 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists ... | With what school did Bell get his next teaching job? | With what school did Bell get his next teaching job? | [
"With what school did Bell get his next teaching job?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston University School of Oratory."
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88393 | 56db1df1e7c41114004b4d7f | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | French members of Parliament and other French politicians also organised a protest. All political parties in Parliament—UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens—jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unf... | Various French politicians started protests including members of what? | Various French politicians started protests including members of what? | [
"Various French politicians started protests including members of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100655 | 5a283166d1a287001a6d0ada | Post-punk | In late 1977, music writers for Sounds first used the terms "New Musick" and "post punk" to describe British acts such as Siouxsie and the Banshees and Wire, who began experimenting with sounds, lyrics and aesthetics that differed significantly from their punk contemporaries. Writer Jon Savage described some of these e... | When did the Sex Pistols form? | When did the Sex Pistols form? | [
"When did the Sex Pistols form?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24041 | 5ad3f5a5604f3c001a3ff99c | Bermuda | The only indigenous mammals of Bermuda are five species of bats, all of which are also found in the eastern United States: Lasionycteris noctivagans, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus, Lasiurus seminolus and Perimyotis subflavus. Other commonly known fauna of Bermuda include its national bird, the Bermuda petrel or ... | What went extinct in 1620? | What went extinct in 1620? | [
"What went extinct in 1620?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98401 | 56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f13 | Alps | During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions. | What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century? | What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century? | [
"What wars took place during the late 18th century and early 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Napoleonic Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60585 | 5ace3ac232bba1001ae49f7c | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Several performing arts groups and facilities are on the University of Michigan's campus, as are museums dedicated to art, archaeology, and natural history and sciences. Founded in 1879, the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year, bringing intern... | What Civic Theatre is associated with the university? | What Civic Theatre is associated with the university? | [
"What Civic Theatre is associated with the university?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10069 | 57282f18ff5b5019007d9eae | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During the first four days of the war, the general population of the Arab world believed Arab radio station fabrications of imminent Arab victory. On 9 June, Nasser appeared on television to inform Egypt's citizens of their country's defeat. He announced his resignation on television later that day, and ceded all presi... | What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations? | What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations? | [
"What did Nasser do after mass demonstrations?"
] | {
"text": [
"retracted his decision"
],
"answer_start": [
662
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76898 | 57265446708984140094c29d | Dutch_language | In the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium and Luxembourg) developments were different. Under Spanish, then Austrian, and then French rule standardisation of Dutch language came to a standstill. The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect... | What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language? | What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language? | [
"What year did the Netherlands and Belgium agree on a treaty to accommodate each other's language?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980"
],
"answer_start": [
973
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56120 | 56e7b01b37bdd419002c4354 | Arena_Football_League | The practice of playing one or two preseason exhibition games by each team before the start of the regular season was discontinued when the NBC contract was initiated, and the regular season was extended from 14 games, the length that it had been since 1996, to 16 from 2001 to 2010, and since 2016. From 2011 to 2015, t... | How many games were played in the 2001 regular season? | How many games were played in the 2001 regular season? | [
"How many games were played in the 2001 regular season?"
] | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102804 | 5acd0dff07355d001abf3293 | Unicode | Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repe... | What is the acronym for Unicode? | What is the acronym for Unicode? | [
"What is the acronym for Unicode?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36997 | 5a0cbf1df5590b0018dab53a | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation. This program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media. I... | What did both innovations exclude? | What did both innovations exclude? | [
"What did both innovations exclude?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98605 | 5a5fcdfdeae51e001ab14c65 | Marvel_Comics | In 1968, while selling 50 million comic books a year, company founder Goodman revised the constraining distribution arrangement with Independent News he had reached under duress during the Atlas years, allowing him now to release as many titles as demand warranted. Late that year he sold Marvel Comics and his other pub... | What publishing businesses did Goodman sell besides Marvel Comics? | What publishing businesses did Goodman sell besides Marvel Comics? | [
"What publishing businesses did Goodman sell besides Marvel Comics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20489 | 56ce72ecaab44d1400b8879b | IPod | Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2 GB for the iPod Shuffle to 128 GB for the iPod Touch (previously 160 GB for the iPod Classic, which is now discontinued). | What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? | What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle? | [
"What's the storage capacity of the iPod Shuffle?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 GB"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103325 | 5ad2bf7ed7d075001a42a0d8 | Multiracial_American | Prior to the one-drop rule, different states had different laws regarding color. More importantly, social acceptance often played a bigger role in how a person was perceived and how identity was construed than any law. In frontier areas, there were fewer questions about origins. The community looked at how people perfo... | What was never based on how people were accepted by their neighbors? | What was never based on how people were accepted by their neighbors? | [
"What was never based on how people were accepted by their neighbors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1250 | 57309019396df919000961b1 | Airport | The first lighting used on an airport was during the latter part of the 1920s; in the 1930s approach lighting came into use. These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent. The colours and flash intervals of these lights became standardized under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In the 1... | When was the slope-line approach system introduced? | When was the slope-line approach system introduced? | [
"When was the slope-line approach system introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940s"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18641 | 5726eb29dd62a815002e9536 | Nigeria | The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December... | How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban? | How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban? | [
"How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban?"
] | {
"text": [
"48.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42083 | 57288d6b3acd2414000dfaf1 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper was born in Vienna (then in Austria-Hungary) in 1902, to upper middle-class parents. All of Karl Popper's grandparents were Jewish, but the Popper family converted to Lutheranism before Karl was born, and so he received Lutheran baptism. They understood this as part of their cultural assimilation, not as an... | What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father? | What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father? | [
"What disposition regarding books did Popper inherit from his father?"
] | {
"text": [
"bibliophile"
],
"answer_start": [
1011
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89819 | 573055502461fd1900a9cd4b | The_Blitz | The relieved British began to assess the impact of the Blitz in August 1941, and the RAF Air Staff used the German experience to improve Bomber Command's offensives. They concluded bombers should strike a single target each night and use more incendiaries because they had a greater impact on production than high explos... | What caused the most production disruption? | What caused the most production disruption? | [
"What caused the most production disruption?"
] | {
"text": [
"when city centres were devastated through the loss of administrative offices, utilities and transport."
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8023 | 5726d7f05951b619008f7fb1 | Copyright_infringement | The U.S. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) and the European E-Commerce Directive (2000) provide online intermediaries with limited statutory immunity from liability for copyright infringement. Online intermediaries hosting content that infringes copyright are not liable, so long as they do not know about it and t... | What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity? | What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity? | [
"What law enacted in the U.S. in 1998 gave online intermediaries limited statutory immunity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Digital Millennium Copyright Act"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106117 | 5725b899ec44d21400f3d45e | Hellenistic_period | The major issue with the term Hellenistic lies in its convenience, as the spread of Greek culture was not the generalized phenomenon that the term implies. Some areas of the conquered world were more affected by Greek influences than others. The term Hellenistic also implies that the Greek populations were of majority ... | How often did Greek population and natives mix? | How often did Greek population and natives mix? | [
"How often did Greek population and natives mix?"
] | {
"text": [
"not always"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25286 | 56d115a317492d1400aab8d8 | New_York_City | New York City's commuter rail network is the largest in North America. The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the Long Island Rail Road, Metro-North Railroad, and New Jersey Transit. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station and contain more than 25... | In what borough is Pennsylvania Station located? | In what borough is Pennsylvania Station located? | [
"In what borough is Pennsylvania Station located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98056 | 56e16c1ae3433e1400422efb | Hydrogen | The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard. German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen t... | What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented? | What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented? | [
"What year was hydrogen filled balloons invented?"
] | {
"text": [
"1783"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15501 | 5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56 | Black_people | In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and ... | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | [
"What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts?"
] | {
"text": [
"1978"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41378 | 56d505f99d1b871400ae05f6 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Between 64 and 104 major aftershocks, ranging in magnitude from 4.0 to 6.1, were recorded within 72 hours of the main quake. According to Chinese official counts, "by 12:00 CST, November 6, 2008 there had been 42,719 total aftershocks, of which 246 ranged from 4.0 MS to 4.9 MS, 34 from 5.0 MS to 5.9 MS, and 8 from 6.0 ... | What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake? | What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake? | [
"What do the Chinese say is the total number of shocks after the quake?"
] | {
"text": [
"42,719"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81000 | 572635ccec44d21400f3dc3f | Queen_Victoria | In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Vi... | When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee? | When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee? | [
"When was Victoria's Golden Jubilee?"
] | {
"text": [
"1887"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86400 | 570ce4cfb3d812140066d300 | Gymnastics | A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise d... | Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally? | Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally? | [
"Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally?"
] | {
"text": [
"form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60043 | 56f990ce9e9bad19000a0add | Zhejiang | Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority). | How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang? | How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang? | [
"How long ago did Islam arrive in Zhejiang?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,400 years"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8538 | 56df526396943c1400a5d3b1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet... | In which war was Russia involved in 1700? | In which war was Russia involved in 1700? | [
"In which war was Russia involved in 1700?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Northern War"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38968 | 5a2c85a0bfd06b001a5aebbe | Serbo-Croatian | However, most intellectuals and writers from Dalmatia who used the Štokavian dialect and practiced the Catholic faith saw themselves as part of a Croatian nation as far back as the mid-16th to 17th centuries, some 300 years before Serbo-Croatian ideology appeared. Their loyalty was first and foremost to Catholic Christ... | To what group were Macedonians loyal to first? | To what group were Macedonians loyal to first? | [
"To what group were Macedonians loyal to first?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12933 | 5acffe3177cf76001a686724 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first... | Who subdued a series of riots in 1959? | Who subdued a series of riots in 1959? | [
"Who subdued a series of riots in 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90434 | 5727e6f8ff5b5019007d97fa | Tibet | Historically, the population of Tibet consisted of primarily ethnic Tibetans and some other ethnic groups. According to tradition the original ancestors of the Tibetan people, as represented by the six red bands in the Tibetan flag, are: the Se, Mu, Dong, Tong, Dru and Ra. Other traditional ethnic groups with significa... | Which country has a disputed area with Tibet? | Which country has a disputed area with Tibet? | [
"Which country has a disputed area with Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21125 | 5a7513c097ca42001a521e6f | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. T... | When did the Contra War end? | When did the Contra War end? | [
"When did the Contra War end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11235 | 5ad2e812604f3c001a3fd987 | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | Where are HTS teams considering working beside Afghanistan? | Where are HTS teams considering working beside Afghanistan? | [
"Where are HTS teams considering working beside Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99169 | 572eedffc246551400ce47bc | 51st_state | The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state. It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military... | What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "51st state" in a positive way? | What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the "51st state" in a positive way? | [
"What reasoning would cause a country to be referred to as the \"51st state\" in a positive way?"
] | {
"text": [
"a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31375 | 5a63d0c27f3c80001a150b4d | Germans | After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territori... | Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II? | Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II? | [
"Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-186 | 56f8e59e9b226e1400dd11a7 | Guinea-Bissau | The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns. | What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection? | What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection? | [
"What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13569 | 570cf297b3d812140066d36e | Digestion | Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an "overhead charge" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and ... | What does every stpe of digestion require? | What does every stpe of digestion require? | [
"What does every stpe of digestion require?"
] | {
"text": [
"energy"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89185 | 5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f46 | Hunter-gatherer | Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen) | What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers? | What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers? | [
"What do some theorists imply about modern hunter-gatherers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61656 | 572823804b864d190016454e | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marco... | What year was Cabot Tower built? | What year was Cabot Tower built? | [
"What year was Cabot Tower built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1897"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39148 | 5731dc25b9d445190005e5c7 | Protestantism | In Europe, there has been a general move away from religious observance and belief in Christian teachings and a move towards secularism. The Enlightenment is largely responsible for the spread of secularism. Several scholars have argued for a link between the rise of secularism and Protestantism, attributing it to the ... | What direction has Europe moved towards? | What direction has Europe moved towards? | [
"What direction has Europe moved towards?"
] | {
"text": [
"secularism"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6471 | 57281e1d4b864d19001644cd | PlayStation_3 | At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis cont... | At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced? | At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced? | [
"At what event at the Tokyo Game Show was the DualShock 3 first announced?"
] | {
"text": [
"press conference"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40597 | 5ad69142191832001aa7b234 | Paper | Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book p... | What type of process is used to produce least paper used in paperback books? | What type of process is used to produce least paper used in paperback books? | [
"What type of process is used to produce least paper used in paperback books?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53393 | 5a515157ce860b001aa3fd06 | Sichuan | The Sichuan government raised the minimum wage in the province by 12.5 percent at the end of December 2007. The monthly minimum wage went up from 400 to 450 yuan, with a minimum of 4.9 yuan per hour for part-time work, effective 26 December 2007. The government also reduced the four-tier minimum wage structure to three... | What law sets the minimum wage across China? | What law sets the minimum wage across China? | [
"What law sets the minimum wage across China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74587 | 571b66819499d21900609c97 | Asphalt | About 40,000,000 tons were produced in 1984[needs update]. It is obtained as the "heavy" (i.e., difficult to distill) fraction. Material with a boiling point greater than around 500 °C is considered asphalt. Vacuum distillation separates it from the other components in crude oil (such as naphtha, gasoline and diesel). ... | What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials? | What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials? | [
"What method is used to divide asphalt from other materials?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vacuum distillation"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42238 | 5728b48a3acd2414000dfd20 | Karl_Popper | Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysi... | Which of Popper's students argued that rational criticism should be most widely applied? | Which of Popper's students argued that rational criticism should be most widely applied? | [
"Which of Popper's students argued that rational criticism should be most widely applied?"
] | {
"text": [
"W.W. Bartley III"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90128 | 5acf8af377cf76001a685186 | Somerset | The Somerset Coal Canal was built in the early 19th century to reduce the cost of transportation of coal and other heavy produce. The first 16 kilometres (10 mi), running from a junction with the Kennet and Avon Canal, along the Cam valley, to a terminal basin at Paulton, were in use by 1805, together with several tram... | Who built the Somerset Coal Canal? | Who built the Somerset Coal Canal? | [
"Who built the Somerset Coal Canal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109426 | 56dde2609a695914005b964c | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy? | What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy? | [
"What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?"
] | {
"text": [
"breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40091 | 572b881ebe1ee31400cb8410 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, ... | The other newspaper, New Haven Advocate is run by which company? | The other newspaper, New Haven Advocate is run by which company? | [
"The other newspaper, New Haven Advocate is run by which company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tribune"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8940 | 572847713acd2414000df864 | LaserDisc | Damaged spots on a LaserDisc can be played through or skipped over, while a DVD will often become unplayable past the damage. Some newer DVD players feature a repair+skip algorithm, which alleviates this problem by continuing to play the disc, filling in unreadable areas of the picture with blank space or a frozen fram... | Which format, DVD or Laserdisc, can become unreadable with damage? | Which format, DVD or Laserdisc, can become unreadable with damage? | [
"Which format, DVD or Laserdisc, can become unreadable with damage?"
] | {
"text": [
"DVD"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108137 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8d | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? | What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically? | [
"What is the incorrect order of words in Estonian canonically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3642 | 56be8d423aeaaa14008c90b3 | Beyoncé | LeToya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing ... | What event occured after she was publicly criticized? | What event occured after she was publicly criticized? | [
"What event occured after she was publicly criticized?"
] | {
"text": [
"boyfriend left her"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43732 | 56d0fccf17492d1400aab6f7 | Kanye_West | West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He star... | What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen? | What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen? | [
"What was the name of the song he wrote at age thirteen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Green Eggs and Ham"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98342 | 56f8ac5d9b226e1400dd0dd0 | Alps | The extreme and stressful climatic conditions give way to the growth of plant species with secondary metabolites important for medicinal purposes. Origanum vulgare, Prunella vulgaris, Solanum nigrum and Urtica dioica are some of the more useful medicinal species found in the Alps. | Origanum Vulgare has what useful properties? | Origanum Vulgare has what useful properties? | [
"Origanum Vulgare has what useful properties?"
] | {
"text": [
"medicinal"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101864 | 56d9a5d0dc89441400fdb692 | Dog | Some dog breeds have acquired traits through selective breeding that interfere with reproduction. Male French Bulldogs, for instance, are incapable of mounting the female. For many dogs of this breed, the female must be artificially inseminated in order to reproduce. | Which dog is not able to mount a female dog? | Which dog is not able to mount a female dog? | [
"Which dog is not able to mount a female dog?"
] | {
"text": [
"Male French Bulldogs"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69579 | 5ad422d9604f3c001a4007fd | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | How many at-large council members were added in the 2001 elections? | How many at-large council members were added in the 2001 elections? | [
"How many at-large council members were added in the 2001 elections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2738 | 5acd1a1a07355d001abf34ff | British_Isles | The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global ... | What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of? | What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of? | [
"What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75384 | 5ad154b9645df0001a2d17bd | Labour_Party_(UK) | Harriet Harman became the Leader of the Opposition and acting Leader of the Labour Party following the resignation of Gordon Brown on 11 May 2010, pending a leadership election subsequently won by Ed Miliband. Miliband emphasised "responsible capitalism" and greater state intervention to change the balance of the UK ec... | Who won power after Ed Miliband? | Who won power after Ed Miliband? | [
"Who won power after Ed Miliband?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89978 | 5acf708a77cf76001a684e35 | Somerset | Bridgwater was developed during the Industrial Revolution as the area's leading port. The River Parrett was navigable by large ships as far as Bridgwater. Cargoes were then loaded onto smaller boats at Langport Quay, next to the Bridgwater Bridge, to be carried further up river to Langport; or they could turn off at Bu... | In what town is Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company based? | In what town is Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company based? | [
"In what town is Crewkerne's Ariel Motor Company based?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33370 | 56f8aa3e9b226e1400dd0da1 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | Streets' names change from West to East (for instance, East 10th Street to West 10th Street) at Broadway below 8th Street, and at Fifth Avenue from 8th Street and above. | What happens at Broadway below 8th Street? | What happens at Broadway below 8th Street? | [
"What happens at Broadway below 8th Street?"
] | {
"text": [
"Streets' names change"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101936 | 5a4736e95fd40d001a27dd75 | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What term dates back to the Basic Law Constitution of 1990? | What term dates back to the Basic Law Constitution of 1990? | [
"What term dates back to the Basic Law Constitution of 1990?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62343 | 5a6a623aa9e0c9001a4e9dcc | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Au... | Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census? | Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census? | [
"Which Referendum allowed Vietnam to be counted in the Census?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65622 | 5728c2a2ff5b5019007da613 | Detroit | A number of the city's downtown employers are relatively new, as there has been a marked trend of companies moving from satellite suburbs around Metropolitan Detroit into the downtown core.[citation needed] Compuware completed its world headquarters in downtown in 2003. OnStar, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and HP Enterprise... | What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit? | What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit? | [
"What is the name Of the U.S. Patent office in Detroit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elijah J. McCoy Satellite Office"
],
"answer_start": [
772
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40938 | 5a6bbfa34eec6b001a80a591 | Predation | The elimination of wolves from Yellowstone National Park had profound impacts on the trophic pyramid. Without predation, herbivores began to over-graze many woody browse species, affecting the area's plant populations. In addition, wolves often kept animals from grazing in riparian areas, which protected beavers from h... | What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park? | What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park? | [
"What group was directly affected when herbivores were removed from the park?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68355 | 572815fbff5b5019007d9ccd | George_VI | Because of his stammer, Albert dreaded public speaking. After his closing speech at the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley on 31 October 1925, one which was an ordeal for both him and his listeners, he began to see Lionel Logue, an Australian-born speech therapist. The Duke and Logue practised breathing exercises, an... | Who helped Albert improve in public speaking? | Who helped Albert improve in public speaking? | [
"Who helped Albert improve in public speaking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lionel Logue"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28148 | 5ad4bebc5b96ef001a109f0b | Steven_Spielberg | In 1985, Spielberg released The Color Purple, an adaptation of Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, about a generation of empowered African-American women during depression-era America. Starring Whoopi Goldberg and future talk-show superstar Oprah Winfrey, the film was a box office smash and cr... | What was Oprah Winfrey's first movie? | What was Oprah Winfrey's first movie? | [
"What was Oprah Winfrey's first movie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62941 | 5acd56f007355d001abf3dcb | Pain | Pain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews have found bene... | What was the treatment method of the 9 studies published in 2013? | What was the treatment method of the 9 studies published in 2013? | [
"What was the treatment method of the 9 studies published in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84233 | 56de2d374396321400ee2636 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Marshall's words and future court decisions gave Congress much latitude in delegating powers. It was not until the 1930s that the Supreme Court held a delegation of authority unconstitutional. In a case involving the creation of the National Recovery Administration called A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States... | When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution? | When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution? | [
"When was the first time that a Congressional attempt at delegating lawmaking responsibility was found to be in violation of the Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66275 | 5a652128c2b11c001a425c51 | ASCII | Unfortunately, requiring two characters to mark the end of a line introduces unnecessary complexity and questions as to how to interpret each character when encountered alone. To simplify matters plain text data streams, including files, on Multics used line feed (LF) alone as a line terminator. Unix and Unix-like syst... | Why is adding the Unix-based operating system at the end of a line problemsome? | Why is adding the Unix-based operating system at the end of a line problemsome? | [
"Why is adding the Unix-based operating system at the end of a line problemsome?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67692 | 5a81c18c31013a001a334e59 | Norfolk_Island | The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as... | What is the official name for the King in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island? | What is the official name for the King in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island? | [
"What is the official name for the King in charge of tourism on Norfolk Island?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58597 | 5a296fa403c0e7001a3e177d | Sanskrit | Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they ... | What two dialects are vastly different? | What two dialects are vastly different? | [
"What two dialects are vastly different?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72544 | 57269063f1498d1400e8e3f1 | Greece | According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are reg... | How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there? | How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there? | [
"How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78445 | 572fb178a23a5019007fc8ae | Greeks | The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism wa... | What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? | What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? | [
"What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? "
] | {
"text": [
"The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony)"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14158 | 56f9808b9e9bad19000a09e7 | Brain | The brain contains several motor areas that project directly to the spinal cord. At the lowest level are motor areas in the medulla and pons, which control stereotyped movements such as walking, breathing, or swallowing. At a higher level are areas in the midbrain, such as the red nucleus, which is responsible for coor... | The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what? | The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what? | [
"The primary motor cortex sends signals to the spinal cord through what?"
] | {
"text": [
"pyramidal tract."
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18408 | 570e38fd0b85d914000d7d99 | Eritrea | At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa... | What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period? | What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period? | [
"What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mudaito Dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58544 | 5a2ae2765b078a001a2f072f | Sanskrit | Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties rep... | What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century? | What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century? | [
"What Greek alphabet has been transliterated since the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49244 | 5a870cc71d3cee001a6a1096 | Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to form a giant multinuc... | What is used by bacteria to destroy the host's immune system? | What is used by bacteria to destroy the host's immune system? | [
"What is used by bacteria to destroy the host's immune system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79674 | 5ad019fb77cf76001a6869f1 | Kievan_Rus%27 | In the 11th century and the 12th century, the princes and their retinues, which were a mixture of Slavic and Scandinavian elites, dominated the society of Kievan Rus'. Leading soldiers and officials received income and land from the princes in return for their political and military services. Kievan society lacked the ... | What was the group called that did not owe labour duty to the princes? | What was the group called that did not owe labour duty to the princes? | [
"What was the group called that did not owe labour duty to the princes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12023 | 56e15143cd28a01900c677b9 | Universal_Studios | Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released ... | In what year was Show Boat released? | In what year was Show Boat released? | [
"In what year was Show Boat released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1936"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83092 | 56dec2483277331400b4d713 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger's endorsement in the Republican primary of the 2008 U.S. presidential election was highly sought; despite being good friends with candidates Rudy Giuliani and Senator John McCain, Schwarzenegger remained neutral throughout 2007 and early 2008. Giuliani dropped out of the presidential race on January 30, ... | On which two major issues did McCain and Schwarzenegger publicly agree? | On which two major issues did McCain and Schwarzenegger publicly agree? | [
"On which two major issues did McCain and Schwarzenegger publicly agree?"
] | {
"text": [
"the environment and economy"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82360 | 5a7130740efcfe001a8afda1 | Pesticide | Since before 2000 BC, humans have utilized pesticides to protect their crops. The first known pesticide was elemental sulfur dusting used in ancient Sumer about 4,500 years ago in ancient Mesopotamia. The Rig Veda, which is about 4,000 years old, mentions the use of poisonous plants for pest control. By the 15th centur... | What was extracted from tobacco in the 15th century as an insecticide? | What was extracted from tobacco in the 15th century as an insecticide? | [
"What was extracted from tobacco in the 15th century as an insecticide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61352 | 5a3ade493ff257001ab842cb | Flowering_plant | Flower evolution continues to the present day; modern flowers have been so profoundly influenced by humans that some of them cannot be pollinated in nature. Many modern domesticated flower species were formerly simple weeds, which sprouted only when the ground was disturbed. Some of them tended to grow with human crops... | What characteristic caused crops not to be harvested? | What characteristic caused crops not to be harvested? | [
"What characteristic caused crops not to be harvested?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105698 | 5a5671d26349e2001acdcd57 | Compact_disc | Compact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD... | What does ROM in CD-ROM stand for? | What does ROM in CD-ROM stand for? | [
"What does ROM in CD-ROM stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72510 | 57268900f1498d1400e8e31f | Greece | Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Alban... | In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest? | In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest? | [
"In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-954 | 572ea0a603f989190075685c | Endangered_Species_Act | A species can be listed in two ways. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) or NOAA Fisheries (also called the National Marine Fisheries Service) can directly list a species through its candidate assessment program, or an individual or organizational petition may request that the FWS or NMFS list a species. ... | What federal program is used to list a species? | What federal program is used to list a species? | [
"What federal program is used to list a species?"
] | {
"text": [
"candidate assessment program"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35565 | 5ad0fc8f645df0001a2d0977 | Gothic_architecture | In 1663 at the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence, Lambeth Palace, a Gothic hammerbeam roof was built to replace that destroyed when the building was sacked during the English Civil War. Also in the late 17th century, some discrete Gothic details appeared on new construction at Oxford University and Cambridge Univers... | What year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof stolen on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence? | What year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof stolen on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence? | [
"What year was a Gothic hammerbeam roof stolen on the Archbishop of Canterbury's residence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16323 | 57317ace497a881900248f69 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba... | What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to? | What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to? | [
"What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to?"
] | {
"text": [
"tribal divisions"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45635 | 5ace0f4532bba1001ae49a0d | YouTube | YouTube is a global video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California, United States. The service was created by three former PayPal employees in February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload... | What company did the three employees that started YouTube in 2006 used to work for? | What company did the three employees that started YouTube in 2006 used to work for? | [
"What company did the three employees that started YouTube in 2006 used to work for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71242 | 56e79e9200c9c71400d773de | University_of_Kansas | The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches an audience of at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publications | What institution houses the Daily Kansan? | What institution houses the Daily Kansan? | [
"What institution houses the Daily Kansan?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Allen White School of Journalism"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81130 | 5724f1d20ba9f01400d97bdb | Queen_Victoria | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857? | What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857? | [
"What ruler was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion in 1857?"
] | {
"text": [
"British East India Company"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53858 | 5ad27222d7d075001a429486 | Dialect | For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être". Spa... | In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish? | In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish? | [
"In Italian and French which words are very different while the same words are similar in Spanish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102983 | 57280bee2ca10214002d9c9a | Unicode | Several subsets of Unicode are standardized: Microsoft Windows since Windows NT 4.0 supports WGL-4 with 652 characters, which is considered to support all contemporary European languages using the Latin, Greek, or Cyrillic script. Other standardized subsets of Unicode include the Multilingual European Subsets: MES-1 (L... | MES-1 uses what scripts only? | MES-1 uses what scripts only? | [
"MES-1 uses what scripts only? "
] | {
"text": [
"Latin scripts only"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103282 | 571de5e2556973190063909a | Multiracial_American | Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had ... | Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws? | Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws? | [
"Who are blamed in this paragraph for Jim Crow laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"white Democrats"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31641 | 570d6767fed7b91900d45ff9 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f... | Which country's air defence and aircraft has been under integrated command and control? | Which country's air defence and aircraft has been under integrated command and control? | [
"Which country's air defence and aircraft has been under integrated command and control?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
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