gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-8505 | 5709af49ed30961900e84414 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The federal government of the United States has mandated that "in data collection and presentation, federal agencies are required to use a minimum of two ethnicities: 'Hispanic or Latino' and 'Not Hispanic or Latino'." The Census Bureau defines "Hispanic or Latino" as "a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or... | Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use? | Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use? | [
"Aside from Hispanic or Latino, what other ethnicity are federal agencies required to use?"
] | {
"text": [
"Not Hispanic or Latino"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22312 | 5a7ba69c21c2de001afea200 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In May 2008, the National Archives announced a five-year agreement to digitize selected records including the complete U.S. Federal Census Collection, 1790–1930, passenger lists from 1820–1960 and WWI and WWII draft registration cards. The partnership agreement allows for exclusive use of the digitized records by Ances... | What month marked the beginning of WWI? | What month marked the beginning of WWI? | [
"What month marked the beginning of WWI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91468 | 5ace68d832bba1001ae4a5ee | Avicenna | An early formal system of temporal logic was studied by Avicenna. Although he did not develop a real theory of temporal propositions, he did study the relationship between temporalis and the implication. Avicenna's work was further developed by Najm al-Dīn al-Qazwīnī al-Kātibī and became the dominant system of Islamic ... | Who's system of logic did Avicenna further develop? | Who's system of logic did Avicenna further develop? | [
"Who's system of logic did Avicenna further develop?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56291 | 5a457e6419a820001a1eda84 | Nonprofit_organization | After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organization... | What can a nonprofit do after it pays employment taxes? | What can a nonprofit do after it pays employment taxes? | [
"What can a nonprofit do after it pays employment taxes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29671 | 570cbdcfb3d812140066d263 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Nontrinitarians, such as Unitarians, Christadelphians and Jehovah's Witnesses also acknowledge Mary as the biological mother of Jesus Christ, but do not recognise Marian titles such as "Mother of God" as these groups generally reject Christ's divinity. Since Nontrinitarian churches are typically also mortalist, the iss... | According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus? | According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus? | [
"According to Nontrinitarian belief, what is Mary's relationship to Jesus?"
] | {
"text": [
"biological mother"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90659 | 5731fa3c0fdd8d15006c66b2 | Pacific_War | President Franklin Roosevelt ordered General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in M... | When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia? | When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia? | [
"When was General MacArthur ordered to make a defense plan with Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 1942"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91553 | 5726faa45951b619008f8404 | Avicenna | In March 2008, it was announced that Avicenna's name would be used for new Directories of education institutions for health care professionals, worldwide. The Avicenna Directories will list universities and schools where doctors, public health practitioners, pharmacists and others, are educated. The project team stated... | What is Avicenna's name needed for? | What is Avicenna's name needed for? | [
"What is Avicenna's name needed for?"
] | {
"text": [
"worldwide partnership"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1094 | 572ec4a3dfa6aa1500f8d36d | Endangered_Species_Act | The Candidate Conservation Agreement is closely related to the "Safe Harbor" agreement, the main difference is that the Candidate Conservation Agreements With Assurances(CCA) are meant to protect unlisted species by providing incentives to private landowners and land managing agencies to restore, enhance or maintain ha... | How do Candidate Conservation Agreements differ from Safe Harbor agreements? | How do Candidate Conservation Agreements differ from Safe Harbor agreements? | [
"How do Candidate Conservation Agreements differ from Safe Harbor agreements?"
] | {
"text": [
"Candidate Conservation Agreements With Assurances(CCA) are meant to protect unlisted species"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64595 | 5733ca654776f4190066123d | Portugal | Both the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira have a subtropical climate, although variations between islands exist, making weather predictions very difficult (owing to rough topography). The Madeira and Azorean archipelagos have a narrower temperature range, with annual average temperatures exceeding 20 °C (68 °F) a... | What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region? | What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region? | [
"What makes weather predictions difficult in the archipelago region?"
] | {
"text": [
"rough topography"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108980 | 5726e302f1498d1400e8eeac | Literature | Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals. Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have... | Serious studies in logic tend to resemble what discipline, moreso than literature? | Serious studies in logic tend to resemble what discipline, moreso than literature? | [
"Serious studies in logic tend to resemble what discipline, moreso than literature?"
] | {
"text": [
"mathematics"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79520 | 5ad0085c77cf76001a6867b6 | Kievan_Rus%27 | After the Rus' attack on Constantinople in 860, the Byzantine Patriarch Photius sent missionaries north to convert the Rus' and the Slavs. Prince Rastislav of Moravia had requested the Emperor to provide teachers to interpret the holy scriptures, so in 863 the brothers Cyril and Methodius were sent as missionaries, due... | Who sent missionaries south? | Who sent missionaries south? | [
"Who sent missionaries south?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41122 | 5731583a497a881900248e44 | Egypt | The Suez Canal, built in partnership with the French, was completed in 1869. Its construction led to enormous debt to European banks, and caused popular discontent because of the onerous taxation it required. In 1875 Ismail was forced to sell Egypt's share in the canal to the British Government. Within three years this... | Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal? | Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal? | [
"Who partnered with Egypt to build Suez Canal?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100697 | 572e918dcb0c0d14000f12c9 | Post-punk | The innovative production techniques devised by post-punk producers such as Martin Hannett and Dennis Bovell during this period would become an important element of the emerging music, with studio experimentation taking a central role. A variety of groups that predated punk, such as Cabaret Voltaire and Throbbing Grist... | What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music? | What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music? | [
"What eventually resulted in the pioneering of industrial music?"
] | {
"text": [
"crude production techniques"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84774 | 5ad4d7b65b96ef001a10a314 | San_Diego | In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange... | In what year were Zucchet's seven out of ten counts acquitted? | In what year were Zucchet's seven out of ten counts acquitted? | [
"In what year were Zucchet's seven out of ten counts acquitted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114158 | 57267a9b5951b619008f73fe | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 26 February 2012, The Sun on Sunday was launched to replace the closed News of the World, employing some of its former journalists. In late 2013, it was given a new look, with a new typeface. The average circulation for The Sun on Sunday in March 2014 was 1,686,840; but in May 2015 The Mail on Sunday sold more copie... | In what year was The Sun's look changed? | In what year was The Sun's look changed? | [
"In what year was The Sun's look changed?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92587 | 573156ffe6313a140071ce3c | United_States_Air_Force | Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces. Some of these traditions range f... | What organization did the US Air Force adopt "Challenge Coins" from? | What organization did the US Air Force adopt "Challenge Coins" from? | [
"What organization did the US Air Force adopt \"Challenge Coins\" from?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. Army"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42042 | 5730b4e2396df919000962ba | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo of America took the same stance against the distribution of SNES ROM image files and the use of emulators as it did with the NES, insisting that they represented flagrant software piracy. Proponents of SNES emulation cite discontinued production of the SNES constituting abandonware status, the right of the own... | What did Nintendo consider emulators? | What did Nintendo consider emulators? | [
"What did Nintendo consider emulators?"
] | {
"text": [
"flagrant software piracy"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67701 | 5726b83f5951b619008f7bbf | Norfolk_Island | It was announced on 19 March 2015 that self-governance for the island would be revoked by the Commonwealth and replaced by a local council with the state of New South Wales providing services to the island. A reason given was that the island had never gained self-sufficiency and was being heavily subsidised by the Comm... | When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself? | When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself? | [
"When did the Commonwealth of Australia announce that Norfolk Island would no longer be governed by itself?"
] | {
"text": [
"19 March 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26468 | 5a539386bdaabd001a3866e9 | University | Their endowment by a prince or monarch and their role in training government officials made these Mediterranean universities similar to Islamic madrasas, although madrasas were generally smaller and individual teachers, rather than the madrasa itself, granted the license or degree. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Hos... | What Islamic schools developed from universities in the 10th century? | What Islamic schools developed from universities in the 10th century? | [
"What Islamic schools developed from universities in the 10th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101138 | 5ad27b50d7d075001a42963e | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | Who wasn't to blame for communism and capitalism? | Who wasn't to blame for communism and capitalism? | [
"Who wasn't to blame for communism and capitalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47512 | 572fbae9a23a5019007fc8ee | Armenia | Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighboring Azerbaijan. The initial post-Soviet years were marred by economic difficulties, which had their roots early in the Karabakh conflict when the Azerbaijani Popular Front managed to pressure the Azerbaija... | How does Armenia get most of it's commodities? | How does Armenia get most of it's commodities? | [
"How does Armenia get most of it's commodities?"
] | {
"text": [
"rail traffic"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91038 | 572ac034f75d5e190021fc9d | John_Kerry | During their investigation of Noriega, Kerry's staff found reason to believe that the Pakistan-based Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) had facilitated Noriega's drug trafficking and money laundering. This led to a separate inquiry into BCCI, and as a result, banking regulators shut down BCCI in 1991. In ... | What bank helped Noriega? | What bank helped Noriega? | [
"What bank helped Noriega?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bank of Credit and Commerce International"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76686 | 572aac81f75d5e190021fc24 | Philadelphia | During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year... | How many baby's were there in 2013? | How many baby's were there in 2013? | [
"How many baby's were there in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"22,018"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7591 | 5a8c870efd22b3001a8d8a1c | Database | The first task of a database designer is to produce a conceptual data model that reflects the structure of the information to be held in the database. A common approach to this is to develop an entity-relationship model, often with the aid of drawing tools. Another popular approach is the Unified Modeling Language. A s... | What involves asking shallow questions to improve a data model? | What involves asking shallow questions to improve a data model? | [
"What involves asking shallow questions to improve a data model?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55747 | 5725eb6c271a42140099d326 | Clothing | The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important. Shelter usually reduces the functio... | What has seasonal and regional aspects? | What has seasonal and regional aspects? | [
"What has seasonal and regional aspects?"
] | {
"text": [
"clothing"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52192 | 572a7aa134ae481900deab31 | Miami | Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most ... | What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District? | What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District? | [
"What neighborhood is home to the Art Deco District?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Beach"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68325 | 5a36906895360f001af1b295 | George_VI | Albert spent the first six months of 1913 on the training ship HMS Cumberland in the West Indies and on the east coast of Canada. He was rated as a midshipman aboard HMS Collingwood on 15 September 1913, and spent three months in the Mediterranean. His fellow officers gave him the nickname "Mr. Johnson". One year after... | What rank did Albert have while serving on the HMS Cumberland? | What rank did Albert have while serving on the HMS Cumberland? | [
"What rank did Albert have while serving on the HMS Cumberland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47102 | 57266d3cf1498d1400e8df5f | Madonna_(entertainer) | After Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire, her debut single, "Everybody", was released in October 1982, and the second, "Burning Up", in March 1983. Both became big club hits in the United States, reaching number three on Hot Dance Club Songs chart compiled by Billboard magazine. After this success, she started dev... | Who produced Madonna's debut album? | Who produced Madonna's debut album? | [
"Who produced Madonna's debut album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reggie Lucas of Warner Bros"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26776 | 5a8cf43ffd22b3001a8d9097 | United_States_dollar | When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money. Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from thei... | Which Bureau reserves high-powered money? | Which Bureau reserves high-powered money? | [
"Which Bureau reserves high-powered money?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67245 | 57098721ed30961900e84286 | Animal | All animals have eukaryotic cells, surrounded by a characteristic extracellular matrix composed of collagen and elastic glycoproteins. This may be calcified to form structures like shells, bones, and spicules. During development, it forms a relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reorganize... | What type of cells do all animals have? | What type of cells do all animals have? | [
"What type of cells do all animals have?"
] | {
"text": [
"eukaryotic"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39429 | 572733abf1498d1400e8f482 | FA_Cup | In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch... | When was the laws of the Game of Asscociation Football published? | When was the laws of the Game of Asscociation Football published? | [
"When was the laws of the Game of Asscociation Football published?"
] | {
"text": [
"1863"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95935 | 5a1de2ea4ea40d0018b06fd9 | Hokkien | Xiamen dialect, sometimes known as Amoy, is the main dialect spoken in the Chinese city of Xiamen and its surrounding regions of Tong'an and Xiang'an, both of which are now included in the Greater Xiamen area. This dialect developed in the late Ming dynasty when Xiamen was increasingly taking over Quanzhou's position a... | What did Henan Luoyang consider the better accent to be? | What did Henan Luoyang consider the better accent to be? | [
"What did Henan Luoyang consider the better accent to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11978 | 56e14c5fcd28a01900c67770 | Universal_Studios | In 1928, Laemmle, Sr. made his son, Carl, Jr. head of Universal Pictures as a 21st birthday present. Universal already had a reputation for nepotism—at one time, 70 of Carl, Sr.'s relatives were supposedly on the payroll. Many of them were nephews, resulting in Carl, Sr. being known around the studios as "Uncle Carl." ... | What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal? | What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal? | [
"What was Carl Laemmle, Sr.'s nickname at Universal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Uncle Carl"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52761 | 57279453f1498d1400e8fcac | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers? | When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers? | [
"When does a party's frontbench become the Cabinet of government ministers?"
] | {
"text": [
"When a party achieves enough seats in an election to form a majority"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82399 | 56e720f137bdd419002c3d78 | Daylight_saving_time | While the times of sunrise and sunset change at roughly equal rates as the seasons change, proponents of Daylight Saving Time argue that most people prefer a greater increase in daylight hours after the typical "nine-to-five" workday. Supporters have also argued that DST decreases energy consumption by reducing the nee... | What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons? | What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons? | [
"What word describes the approximate rates at which sunset and sunrise change with the seasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"equal"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83956 | 5a7e15e570df9f001a8754a6 | Translation | Though earlier approaches to translation are less commonly used today, they retain importance when dealing with their products, as when historians view ancient or medieval records to piece together events which took place in non-Western or pre-Western environments. Also, though heavily influenced by Western traditions ... | When do earlier approaches to translation lose relevance for historians? | When do earlier approaches to translation lose relevance for historians? | [
"When do earlier approaches to translation lose relevance for historians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-912 | 5a84517e7cf838001a46a713 | Endangered_Species_Act | The Lacey Act of 1900 was the first federal law that regulated commercial animal markets. It prohibited interstate commerce of animals killed in violation of state game laws, and covered all fish and wildlife and their parts or products, as well as plants. Other legislation followed, including the Migratory Bird Conser... | What was the name of the 1937 treaty? | What was the name of the 1937 treaty? | [
"What was the name of the 1937 treaty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85472 | 5a7a7cfa21c2de001afe9c7f | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | How does the ECB plan to decrease the available credit for businesses? | How does the ECB plan to decrease the available credit for businesses? | [
"How does the ECB plan to decrease the available credit for businesses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44754 | 56f8b2ec9b226e1400dd0e4b | Gene | The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dict... | What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA? | What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA? | [
"What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"untranslated regions"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61920 | 572a7f2034ae481900deab4f | Madrasa | Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ... | In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students? | In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students? | [
"In what book was a section reserved for the study of Islamic female students?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92420 | 5730e193aca1c71400fe5b3e | United_States_Air_Force | Aeromedical Evacuation is "the movement of patients under medical supervision to and between medical treatment facilities by air transportation" (JP 1-02). JP 4-02, Health Service Support, further defines it as "the fixed wing movement of regulated casualties to and between medical treatment facilities, using organic a... | Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? | Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? | [
"Who coordinates the deployment of thee Aeromedical Evacuation? "
] | {
"text": [
"Health Service Support"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31526 | 5a63f5b87f3c80001a150bcf | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with? | What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with? | [
"What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39224 | 5731f248e17f3d1400422564 | Protestantism | Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies gre... | What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation? | What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation? | [
"What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation?"
] | {
"text": [
"exercise an act of the will"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10790 | 56fdeafd19033b140034cdcd | Computer | The first practical ICs were invented by Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. Kilby recorded his initial ideas concerning the integrated circuit in July 1958, successfully demonstrating the first working integrated example on 12 September 1958. In his patent application of 6 Febr... | Where created the first practical integrated circuits? | Where created the first practical integrated circuits? | [
"Where created the first practical integrated circuits?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor."
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60556 | 5ace376832bba1001ae49ec5 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Websites and online media companies in or near the city include All Media Guide, the Weather Underground, and Zattoo. Ann Arbor is the home to Internet2 and the Merit Network, a not-for-profit research and education computer network. Both are located in the South State Commons 2 building on South State Street, which on... | On December 13, 2012 what was the total market vacancy rate? | On December 13, 2012 what was the total market vacancy rate? | [
"On December 13, 2012 what was the total market vacancy rate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32408 | 5ad20d99d7d075001a428288 | Antarctica | Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Sou... | What Ocean does Antarctica surround? | What Ocean does Antarctica surround? | [
"What Ocean does Antarctica surround?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47879 | 5726ae81708984140094cdc1 | Napoleon | The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises ... | Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn? | Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn? | [
"Approximately how many subjects did Austria lose as the result of the changes brought about by the Treaty of Schönbrunn?"
] | {
"text": [
"three million"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1291 | 573092478ab72b1400f9c59e | Airport | At all airports the use of a traffic pattern (often called a traffic circuit outside the U.S.) is possible. They may help to assure smooth traffic flow between departing and arriving aircraft. There is no technical need within modern aviation for performing this pattern, provided there is no queue. And due to the so-ca... | What is a traffic pattern often called outside of the U.S.? | What is a traffic pattern often called outside of the U.S.? | [
"What is a traffic pattern often called outside of the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"traffic pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51857 | 570c5cdefed7b91900d45931 | John,_King_of_England | The rebels made the first move in the war, seizing the strategic Rochester Castle, owned by Langton but left almost unguarded by the archbishop. John was well prepared for a conflict. He had stockpiled money to pay for mercenaries and ensured the support of the powerful marcher lords with their own feudal forces, such ... | Who made the first move in the war? | Who made the first move in the war? | [
"Who made the first move in the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"rebels"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19022 | 5ad0dbc9645df0001a2d06cd | Premier_League | Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland. Additionally, t... | What is the names of Scotland's two smallest teams? | What is the names of Scotland's two smallest teams? | [
"What is the names of Scotland's two smallest teams?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90828 | 57323fc60fdd8d15006c687b | Pacific_War | From early 1944 until the days leading up to the invasion, Kuribayashi transformed the island into a massive network of bunkers, hidden guns, and 11 mi (18 km) of underground tunnels. The heavy American naval and air bombardment did little but drive the Japanese further underground, making their positions impervious to... | How many miles of hidden tunnel were on the island? | How many miles of hidden tunnel were on the island? | [
"How many miles of hidden tunnel were on the island?"
] | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87737 | 5729d8061d04691400779626 | IBM | IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail... | How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide? | How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide? | [
"How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide?"
] | {
"text": [
"17"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41348 | 56cdccd962d2951400fa6850 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close ... | How long did the rupture last? | How long did the rupture last? | [
"How long did the rupture last?"
] | {
"text": [
"120 sec"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34898 | 5726a5d15951b619008f78f1 | Political_philosophy | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | What did John Rawsl publish? | What did John Rawsl publish? | [
"What did John Rawsl publish?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Theory of Justice"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103255 | 571de30db64a571400c71dd1 | Multiracial_American | In the colonial years, while conditions were more fluid, white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, servant, slave or free, made unions. Because the women were free, their mixed-race children were born free; they and their descendants formed most of the families of free people of color during the colonia... | Where did 80% of free people of color in NC come from? | Where did 80% of free people of color in NC come from? | [
"Where did 80% of free people of color in NC come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Virginia in colonial years"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60625 | 572781a5f1498d1400e8fa1d | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-num... | How many voting members are there in the city- council? | How many voting members are there in the city- council? | [
"How many voting members are there in the city- council?"
] | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37050 | 5a0ce7f5f5590b0018dab64b | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by... | What did the Gates foundation spend on support for teacher evaluations in 2009? | What did the Gates foundation spend on support for teacher evaluations in 2009? | [
"What did the Gates foundation spend on support for teacher evaluations in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59224 | 5a20607c54a786001a36b329 | Alloy | The term alloy is used to describe a mixture of atoms in which the primary constituent is a metal. The primary metal is called the base, the matrix, or the solvent. The secondary constituents are often called solutes. If there is a mixture of only two types of atoms, not counting impurities, such as a copper-nickel all... | What term describes a mixture of atoms that include at least some metal? | What term describes a mixture of atoms that include at least some metal? | [
"What term describes a mixture of atoms that include at least some metal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28032 | 572e85c9cb0c0d14000f124c | Steven_Spielberg | In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to a magazine interviewer, "My dad's still-camera was broken, so I asked the scoutmaster if I could tell a story with my father's movie... | What genre was Spielberg's first film "The Last Gunfight" | What genre was Spielberg's first film "The Last Gunfight" | [
"What genre was Spielberg's first film \"The Last Gunfight\""
] | {
"text": [
"Western"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97451 | 56cf4d7eaab44d1400b88f82 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's life was covered in a BBC TV documentary Chopin – The Women Behind The Music (2010), and in a 2010 documentary realised by Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda for Italian television. | What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision? | What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision? | [
"What are the names of the two people that created a documentary for Italian tele vision?"
] | {
"text": [
"Angelo Bozzolini and Roberto Prosseda"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41458 | 56d521ee2593cc1400307a9f | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Initially, officials were unable to contact the Wolong National Nature Reserve, home to around 280 giant pandas. However, the Foreign Ministry later said that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong Panda Reserve in the quake-hit area returned safe and uninjured to Chengdu. Nonetheless, the well-being of an ... | How many pandas escaped the reserve? | How many pandas escaped the reserve? | [
"How many pandas escaped the reserve?"
] | {
"text": [
"Six"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19529 | 5ad5f90b5b96ef001a10af68 | Comprehensive_school | Germany has a comprehensive school known as the Gesamtschule. While some German schools such as the Gymnasium and the Realschule have rather strict entrance requirements, the Gesamtschule does not have such requirements. They offer college preparatory classes for the students who are doing well, general education class... | What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn? | What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn? | [
"What are the different kinds of certificates that Gesamtschule students can't earn?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50731 | 56e963a699e8941900975f89 | Bern | During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother lang... | How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year? | How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year? | [
"How many students were attending school during the 2009-2010 school year?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,979"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58839 | 572aaf31be1ee31400cb816f | Rajasthan | Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and crafts, carpets, and blue pottery are commonly found here. Shopping reflects the colorful c... | Females in Rajasthan wear what type of traditional clothing? | Females in Rajasthan wear what type of traditional clothing? | [
"Females in Rajasthan wear what type of traditional clothing?"
] | {
"text": [
"ankle-length skirt and a short top"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72162 | 572618f238643c19005acfec | Greece | Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 20... | Which political philosophy does Greece follow? | Which political philosophy does Greece follow? | [
"Which political philosophy does Greece follow?"
] | {
"text": [
"democratic"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52187 | 5ad3903d604f3c001a3fe64d | Miami | Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additi... | In what year didn't Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas? | In what year didn't Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas? | [
"In what year didn't Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57221 | 5a540f0bbdaabd001a386829 | Muslim_world | Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating... | What is often formed into utilitarian pottery? | What is often formed into utilitarian pottery? | [
"What is often formed into utilitarian pottery?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12482 | 5a65e56ac2b11c001a425dcf | Antibiotics | The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect a... | What was the first available cocci? | What was the first available cocci? | [
"What was the first available cocci?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102892 | 5727e93b4b864d1900163fd6 | Unicode | The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be ... | What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form? | What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form? | [
"What was the last major version of Unicode to be published in book form? "
] | {
"text": [
"Unicode 5.0"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107309 | 5acea3a632bba1001ae4ae73 | Hunting | On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play ... | On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created? | On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created? | [
"On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85299 | 5727f84eff5b5019007d997e | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union ... | What established The European Central Bank? | What established The European Central Bank? | [
"What established The European Central Bank?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Treaty of Amsterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94371 | 5727e0834b864d1900163f12 | Cork_(city) | The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides connections to parts of Metropolitan Cork. Stations include Little Island, Mallow, Midleton, Fota and Cobh. In July 2009 the Glounthaune to Midleton line was reopened, with new stations at Carrigtwohill and Midleton (with future stations planned ... | What station is going to be available to the Northern Suburbs? | What station is going to be available to the Northern Suburbs? | [
"What station is going to be available to the Northern Suburbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kilbarry Railway Station"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110803 | 5730295d947a6a140053d1dd | Iran | Iran has a paramilitary, volunteer militia force within the IRGC, called the Basij, which includes about 90,000 full-time, active-duty uniformed members. Up to 11 million men and women are members of the Basij who could potentially be called up for service; GlobalSecurity.org estimates Iran could mobilize "up to one mi... | How many full-time members does the Basij have? | How many full-time members does the Basij have? | [
"How many full-time members does the Basij have?"
] | {
"text": [
"90,000"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110455 | 57266248708984140094c468 | Professional_wrestling | A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in fro... | What kind of match has to end in a knockout? | What kind of match has to end in a knockout? | [
"What kind of match has to end in a knockout?"
] | {
"text": [
"Last Man Standing"
],
"answer_start": [
764
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87171 | 570b198fec8fbc190045b81c | Videoconferencing | Simultaneous videoconferencing among three or more remote points is possible by means of a Multipoint Control Unit (MCU). This is a bridge that interconnects calls from several sources (in a similar way to the audio conference call). All parties call the MCU, or the MCU can also call the parties which are going to part... | What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points? | What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points? | [
"What enables videoconferencing to connect three or more remote points?"
] | {
"text": [
"Multipoint Control Unit (MCU)"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45082 | 5ace349132bba1001ae49e2a | Sony_Music_Entertainment | By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Recor... | BMG was later known as what Ariola what? | BMG was later known as what Ariola what? | [
"BMG was later known as what Ariola what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99904 | 56fb966eb28b3419009f1e78 | Middle_Ages | Others argue that reason was generally held in high regard during the Middle Ages. Science historian Edward Grant writes, "If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed [in the 18th century], they were only made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most im... | What is Edward Grant a historian of? | What is Edward Grant a historian of? | [
"What is Edward Grant a historian of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Science"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72508 | 5726881edd62a815002e8865 | Greece | In the 20th century, Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music, with figures such as Iannis Xenakis, Nikos Skalkottas, and Dimitri Mitropoulos achieving international prominence. At the same time, composers and musicians such as Mikis Theodorakis, Manos H... | Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century? | Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century? | [
"Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maria Callas"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112478 | 570d3df1b3d812140066d5cf | United_States_Army | For the first two years Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a very large country in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued a strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and ... | Who captured Atlanta? | Who captured Atlanta? | [
"Who captured Atlanta?"
] | {
"text": [
"William T. Sherman"
],
"answer_start": [
827
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2288 | 56d1d0bbe7d4791d00902228 | Buddhism | The teachings on the Four Noble Truths are regarded as central to the teachings of Buddhism, and are said to provide a conceptual framework for Buddhist thought. These four truths explain the nature of dukkha (suffering, anxiety, unsatisfactoriness), its causes, and how it can be overcome. The four truths are:[note 4] | The four truths explain the nature of what? | The four truths explain the nature of what? | [
"The four truths explain the nature of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"dukkha"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86047 | 5730103fa23a5019007fcce5 | Tucson,_Arizona | Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full... | What mode of transport is encouraged in Central Tuscon? | What mode of transport is encouraged in Central Tuscon? | [
"What mode of transport is encouraged in Central Tuscon?"
] | {
"text": [
"bicycle"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31866 | 570daf76df2f5219002ed0ec | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Larger SAMs may be deployed in fixed launchers, but can be towed/re-deployed at will. The SAMs launched by individuals are known in the United States as the Man-Portable Air Defence Systems (MANPADS). MANPADS of the former Soviet Union have been exported around the World, and can be found in use by many armed forces. T... | What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will? | What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will? | [
"What can be deployed in fixed launchers but re-deploy at will?"
] | {
"text": [
"Larger SAMs"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35678 | 5a48768584b8a4001a7e7899 | Imperial_College_London | In September 2014, Professor Stefan Grimm, of the Department of Medicine, was found dead after being threatened with dismissal for failure to raise enough grant money. The College made its first public announcement of his death on 4 December 2014. Grimm's last email accused his employers of bullying by demanding that h... | What did the school acuse Grimm of doing? | What did the school acuse Grimm of doing? | [
"What did the school acuse Grimm of doing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103252 | 5ad2c640d7d075001a42a1b5 | Multiracial_American | Some Europeans living among Indigenous Americans were called "white Indians". They "lived in native communities for years, learned native languages fluently, attended native councils, and often fought alongside their native companions." More numerous and typical were traders and trappers, who married Indigenous America... | Where did Indigenous Americans keep bases? | Where did Indigenous Americans keep bases? | [
"Where did Indigenous Americans keep bases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38735 | 570c56a1b3d812140066d14b | FC_Barcelona | In April 2014, FIFA banned the club from buying players for the next two transfer windows following the violation of the FIFA's rules about the transfer of footballers aged under 18. A statement on FIFA's website read "With regard to the case in question, FC Barcelona has been found to be in breach of art. 19 of the Re... | What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the rules violation? | What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the rules violation? | [
"What fine did FIFA impose on Barcelona for the rules violation?"
] | {
"text": [
"CHF 450,000"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25897 | 57098140200fba14003680cd | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet? | What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet? | [
"What is the minimum amount of copper rabbits should have in their diet?"
] | {
"text": [
"3 ppm"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16419 | 5731860d05b4da19006bd22c | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap... | What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988? | What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988? | [
"What bodies were intended to be replaced by the popular militia created in 1988?"
] | {
"text": [
"army and police"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73867 | 5ad5712c5b96ef001a10aee4 | Warsaw_Pact | In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops ... | Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963? | Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963? | [
"Who asked to join the Warsaw Pact in January 1963?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88218 | 5a3c9ecfcc5d22001a521e40 | God | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth?? | How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth?? | [
"How does the New Age movement believe it has access to absolute truth??"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9171 | 57325bc30fdd8d15006c6a31 | The_Bronx | In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,00... | What percent of the Bronx is Asian? | What percent of the Bronx is Asian? | [
"What percent of the Bronx is Asian?"
] | {
"text": [
"3.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
691
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32842 | 572812164b864d19001643aa | Central_African_Republic | Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé's government of conducting a "witch hunt" against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics. In 1996–1997, reflecting steadily decreasing public ... | The mutinies caused what effects on the country? | The mutinies caused what effects on the country? | [
"The mutinies caused what effects on the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"widespread destruction of property"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100020 | 5ace4e3932bba1001ae4a235 | Guam | Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212 square miles (549 km2), making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by... | What is the highest point in the Mariana island chain? | What is the highest point in the Mariana island chain? | [
"What is the highest point in the Mariana island chain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54244 | 56df0a103277331400b4d8f8 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although stil... | What other parts are there to a uniform? | What other parts are there to a uniform? | [
"What other parts are there to a uniform?"
] | {
"text": [
"gloves, swords, and medals"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102493 | 56fac8e58f12f319006301ab | High-definition_television | High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads. | Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what? | Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what? | [
"Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"High-definition image sources"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113985 | 572a15386aef05140015524d | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled? | What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled? | [
"What was Kant's influential work on the history of the philosophy of space and time titled?"
] | {
"text": [
"Critique of Pure Reason"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106327 | 5725e86d89a1e219009ac07d | Hellenistic_period | Between 301 and 219 BCE the Ptolemies ruled Judea in relative peace, and Jews often found themselves working in the Ptolemaic administration and army, which led to the rise of a Hellenized Jewish elite class (e.g. the Tobiads). The wars of Antiochus III brought the region into the Seleucid empire; Jerusalem fell to his... | Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader? | Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader? | [
"Judea was brought into the Seleucid empire by which leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus III"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78081 | 5acd706107355d001abf4242 | Strasbourg | The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the uni... | Who founded the Bibliotheque nationale de France? | Who founded the Bibliotheque nationale de France? | [
"Who founded the Bibliotheque nationale de France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35357 | 5726a86a708984140094cd1b | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | What is considered the first truly Gothic building? | What is considered the first truly Gothic building? | [
"What is considered the first truly Gothic building?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Basilica of Saint Denis"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113641 | 5706fd4e90286e26004fc7af | Immunology | In addition, this Introductory Course gives students more information to complement general biology or science training. It also has two different parts: Part I is an introduction to the basic principles of immunology and Part II is a clinically-oriented lecture series. On the other hand, the Advanced Course is another... | Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what? | Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what? | [
"Part 1 of the AAI introductory immunology course is meant to be what?"
] | {
"text": [
"an introduction to the basic principles of immunology"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53856 | 56e83bdf37bdd419002c44bd | Dialect | For example, the Italian and French words for various foods, some family relationships, and body parts are very similar to each other, yet most of those words are completely different in Spanish. Italian "avere" and "essere" as auxiliaries for forming compound tenses are used similarly to French "avoir" and "être". Spa... | Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian? | Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian? | [
"Along with foods and family relationships, what sorts of words are similar in French and Italian?"
] | {
"text": [
"body parts"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
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