gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-112408 | 570d2681fed7b91900d45c64 | United_States_Army | The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military he... | Who was the commander of the Continental Army? | Who was the commander of the Continental Army? | [
"Who was the commander of the Continental Army?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Washington"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31273 | 5a63b1657f3c80001a150b0b | Germans | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" deve... | What two empires formed the kingdom of Germany? | What two empires formed the kingdom of Germany? | [
"What two empires formed the kingdom of Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30170 | 5acd54e307355d001abf3d6e | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | In the late nineteenth century, two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in 1898. George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws. They were unsuccessful. In 1900, the state ... | How many blacks voted in 1898? | How many blacks voted in 1898? | [
"How many blacks voted in 1898?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63783 | 5727d5c02ca10214002d97a2 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | Standard connectors were designed to be what? | Standard connectors were designed to be what? | [
"Standard connectors were designed to be what?"
] | {
"text": [
"robust"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26893 | 5a8cdf53fd22b3001a8d8f7f | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half d... | How much silver in grams was one dollar equivalent to? | How much silver in grams was one dollar equivalent to? | [
"How much silver in grams was one dollar equivalent to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78899 | 5a8d8836df8bba001a0f9aee | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The game features nine dungeons—large, contained areas where Link battles enemies, collects items, and solves puzzles. Link navigates these dungeons and fights a boss at the end in order to obtain an item or otherwise advance the plot. The dungeons are connected by a large overworld, across which Link can travel on foo... | What does Epona fight in dungeons? | What does Epona fight in dungeons? | [
"What does Epona fight in dungeons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107571 | 5726390c38643c19005ad325 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In the 1990s, protesters criticised the company's environmental record, particularly the possible pollution caused by the proposed disposal of the Brent Spar platform into the North Sea. Despite support from the UK government, Shell reversed the decision under public pressure but maintained that sinking the platform wo... | Following the reversal of its decision, Shell published what? | Following the reversal of its decision, Shell published what? | [
"Following the reversal of its decision, Shell published what?"
] | {
"text": [
"an unequivocal commitment to sustainable development"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75051 | 572ed1e0dfa6aa1500f8d40c | Elevator | In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high curre... | What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as? | What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as? | [
"What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"soft-start\" contactors"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10011 | 572825df2ca10214002d9f08 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In January 1964, Nasser called for an Arab League summit in Cairo to establish a unified Arab response against Israel's plans to divert the Jordan River's waters for economic purposes, which Syria and Jordan deemed an act of war. Nasser blamed Arab divisions for what he deemed "the disastrous situation". He discouraged... | What river did the Israelis want to divert? | What river did the Israelis want to divert? | [
"What river did the Israelis want to divert?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jordan River"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54486 | 5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a629 | Christian | Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in i... | During which time period did the 200 year Nobel Prize review take place? | During which time period did the 200 year Nobel Prize review take place? | [
"During which time period did the 200 year Nobel Prize review take place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87600 | 5729c464af94a219006aa5f7 | IBM | In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse. A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. In 2009 it acquired software company SPSS Inc... | This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. | This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation. | [
"This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation."
] | {
"text": [
"Blue Gene"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91971 | 5a818f7131013a001a334caf | Cotton | Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic ... | What are NOP plants understood to be? | What are NOP plants understood to be? | [
"What are NOP plants understood to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84913 | 5a27ffd4d1a287001a6d0a74 | Mali | In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which Tuareg rebels took control of by April and declared the secession of a new state, Azawad. The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March and later fighting between Tuareg and Islamist rebels. In response to Islamist territori... | What did the French do in response to Tuareg rebel gains? | What did the French do in response to Tuareg rebel gains? | [
"What did the French do in response to Tuareg rebel gains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-124 | 56f8daad9b226e1400dd10fb | Guinea-Bissau | At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy s... | How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau? | How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"300 metres (984 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17660 | 56cf469eaab44d1400b88eff | Spectre_(2015_film) | In March 2013 Mendes said he would not return to direct the next film in the series, then known as Bond 24; he later recanted and announced that he would return, as he found the script and the plans for the long-term future of the franchise appealing. In directing Skyfall and Spectre, Mendes became the first director t... | Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? | Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill? | [
"Who directed The Living Daylights and Licence to Kill?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Glen"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96284 | 5728e5f64b864d1900165053 | Paris | Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp de... | How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ? | How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ? | [
"How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?"
] | {
"text": [
"100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22385 | 57096178ed30961900e8402f | Himachal_Pradesh | The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, sever... | When did Mahmud Ghanznavi conquer Kangara? | When did Mahmud Ghanznavi conquer Kangara? | [
"When did Mahmud Ghanznavi conquer Kangara?"
] | {
"text": [
"10th century"
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80065 | 5726b478f1498d1400e8e81f | Samoa | The New Zealand police attempted to arrest one of the leaders in the demonstration. When he resisted, a struggle developed between the police and the Mau. The officers began to fire randomly into the crowd and a Lewis machine gun, mounted in preparation for this demonstration, was used to disperse the demonstrators. Ch... | Was Chief Tamasese wounded or killed during the demonstration? | Was Chief Tamasese wounded or killed during the demonstration? | [
"Was Chief Tamasese wounded or killed during the demonstration?"
] | {
"text": [
"killed"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32596 | 570e0bb30b85d914000d7c92 | Antarctica | Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was... | In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica? | In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica? | [
"In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"1998"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96170 | 5728c8d83acd2414000dfe62 | Paris | Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km2 (34 sq mi) in area, enclosed by the 35 km (22 mi) ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique. The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created ... | How many arrondissements are there? | How many arrondissements are there? | [
"How many arrondissements are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93662 | 5728bd063acd2414000dfd7c | Estonia | Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation... | What date did Estonia join the European Union? | What date did Estonia join the European Union? | [
"What date did Estonia join the European Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 May 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24271 | 57295432af94a219006aa2b7 | Bermuda | In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in... | What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda? | What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda? | [
"What was one thing the UK wanted in return for granting access to Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112912 | 570b30386b8089140040f7f4 | Xbox_360 | Two major hardware revisions of the Xbox 360 have succeeded the original models; the Xbox 360 S (also referred to as the "Slim") replaced the original "Elite" and "Arcade" models in 2010. The S model carries a smaller, streamlined appearance with an angular case, and utilizes a redesigned motherboard designed to allevi... | Which SKUs did the 360 S replace? | Which SKUs did the 360 S replace? | [
"Which SKUs did the 360 S replace?"
] | {
"text": [
"the original \"Elite\" and \"Arcade\" models"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42999 | 570d785cb3d812140066d9c5 | Franco-Prussian_War | The casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275. Wh... | What did most Prussians fall under? | What did most Prussians fall under? | [
"What did most Prussians fall under?"
] | {
"text": [
"French Chassepot rifles"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12593 | 5ad2e74a604f3c001a3fd960 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The earlier influence of temporal rulers, notably the French kings, reasserted itself through the influence of cardinals of certain nationalities or politically significant movements. Traditions even developed entitling certain monarchs, including those of Austria, Spain, and Portugal, to nominate one of their trusted ... | Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals? | Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals? | [
"Who did not reassert themselves through the influence of cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78489 | 572fb70e947a6a140053cbd4 | Greeks | This age saw the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state. These larger cities were parts of the still larger Kingdoms of the Diadochi. Greeks, however, remained aware of their past, chiefly through the study of the works of Homer and the classical authors. An important fact... | With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ? | With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ? | [
"With the secession away from the smaller communities in the Grecian world, what living situation became of great importance ?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Greeks move towards larger cities and a reduction in the importance of the city-state."
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111881 | 57277fec5951b619008f8b73 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In November 1844, the anonymously published popular science book Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, written by Scottish journalist Robert Chambers, widened public interest in the concept of transmutation of species. Vestiges used evidence from the fossil record and embryology to support the claim that living ... | Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation? | Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation? | [
"Who wrote Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert Chambers"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95404 | 5ad3d121604f3c001a3ff1ec | Yale_University | Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in Saybrook Colony as the Collegiate School, the University is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. The school was renamed Yale College in 1718 in recognition of a gift from... | When wasn't the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College? | When wasn't the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College? | [
"When wasn't the Collegiate School renamed to Yale College?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36475 | 5a2718fec93d92001a4003e4 | Immaculate_Conception | Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting... | Who said that Mary was cleansed after sin? | Who said that Mary was cleansed after sin? | [
"Who said that Mary was cleansed after sin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72794 | 5ad36b52604f3c001a3fe158 | Dell | Dell committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year. It is listed in Greenpeace’s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, climate and energy and how green... | By 2016, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions? | By 2016, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions? | [
"By 2016, how much did Dell slate to reduce its emissions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109485 | 5a1cd5884ea40d0018b06f4f | Dutch_Republic | The framers of the US Constitution were influenced by the Constitution of the Republic of the United Provinces, as Federalist No. 20, by James Madison, shows. Such influence appears, however, to have been of a negative nature, as Madison describes the Dutch confederacy as exhibiting "Imbecility in the government; disco... | What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show? | What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show? | [
"What is one trait James Madison mentions the United Provinces show?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87905 | 5ad3d8d6604f3c001a3ff382 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The 1961 volcanic eruption destroyed the Tristan da Cunha canned crawfish factory, which was rebuilt a short time later. The crawfish catchers and processors work for the South African company Ovenstone, which has an exclusive contract to sell crawfish to the United States and Japan. Even though Tristan da Cunha is a U... | Who has exclusive rights to sell crawfish to the US and UK? | Who has exclusive rights to sell crawfish to the US and UK? | [
"Who has exclusive rights to sell crawfish to the US and UK?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102639 | 5a79d98717ab25001a8a00ee | Association_football | Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the... | What happens when both teams score different amounts of points? | What happens when both teams score different amounts of points? | [
"What happens when both teams score different amounts of points?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41039 | 5a6be76a4eec6b001a80a5fe | Predation | A lone naked human is at a physical disadvantage to other comparable apex predators in areas such as speed, bone density, weight, and physical strength. Humans also lack innate weaponry such as claws. Without crafted weapons, society, or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as ... | How are bears socially instead of being solitary? | How are bears socially instead of being solitary? | [
"How are bears socially instead of being solitary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41490 | 56ceba72aab44d1400b88935 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Experts point out that the earthquake hit an area that has been largely neglected and untouched by China's economic rise. Health care is poor in inland areas such as Sichuan, highlighting the widening gap between prosperous urban dwellers and struggling rural people. Vice Minister of Health Gao Qiang told reporters in ... | What is poor about inland areas such as Sichuan? | What is poor about inland areas such as Sichuan? | [
"What is poor about inland areas such as Sichuan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Health care"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89986 | 57269f70f1498d1400e8e540 | Somerset | Somerset is an important supplier of defence equipment and technology. A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington, to manufacture explosives. The site was decommissioned and closed in July 2008. Templecombe has Thales Underwa... | What is yeovilton home to | What is yeovilton home to | [
"What is yeovilton home to "
] | {
"text": [
"The Royal Naval Air Station in Yeovilton, is one of Britain's two active Fleet Air Arm bases and is home to the Royal Navy's Lynx helicopters"
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47965 | 5726d9d5708984140094d382 | Napoleon | Napoleon was crowned Emperor Napoleon I on 2 December 1804 at Notre Dame de Paris by Pope Pius VII. On 1 April 1810, Napoleon religiously married the Austrian princess Marie Louise. During his brother's rule in Spain, he abolished the Spanish Inquisition in 1813. In a private discussion with general Gourgaud during his... | When did Napoleon marry Marie Louise? | When did Napoleon marry Marie Louise? | [
"When did Napoleon marry Marie Louise?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 April 1810"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61407 | 5a3af3163ff257001ab8435c | Flowering_plant | The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse. The number of families in APG (1998) was 462. In APG II (2003) it is not settled; a... | What is true about families more than moss or pteridophytes? | What is true about families more than moss or pteridophytes? | [
"What is true about families more than moss or pteridophytes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96292 | 5728ef8d3acd2414000e0223 | Paris | The average net household income (after social, pension and health insurance contributions) in Paris was €36,085 for 2011. It ranged from €22,095 in the 19th arrondissement to €82,449 in the 7th arrondissement. The median taxable income for 2011 was around €25,000 in Paris and €22,200 for Île-de-France. Generally speak... | What was the average in come in the 7th arrondissement? | What was the average in come in the 7th arrondissement? | [
"What was the average in come in the 7th arrondissement?"
] | {
"text": [
"€82,449"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43548 | 5726c83fdd62a815002e9012 | Korean_War | By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. ... | How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing? | How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing? | [
"How did the 187 Airborne Regimental Combat Team prevent North Korean leaders from fleeing?"
] | {
"text": [
"cut the road north going to China"
],
"answer_start": [
780
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48460 | 5a85aa4bb4e223001a8e7177 | War_on_Terror | The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Repu... | Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas? | Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas? | [
"Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21304 | 56e6c7bdde9d371400068030 | Adult_contemporary_music | The Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid-1970s, when the texture of much of the music played on Top 40 radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts... | At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge? | At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge? | [
"At the end of what decade did the Hot 100 and Easy Listening charts begin to converge?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33679 | 572650e6708984140094c21c | Film_speed | Based on earlier research work by Loyd Ancile Jones (1884–1954) of Kodak and inspired by the systems of Weston film speed ratings and General Electric film values, the American Standards Association (now named ANSI) defined a new method to determine and specify film speeds of black-and-white negative films in 1943. ASA... | When did the ANSI define its new measure? | When did the ANSI define its new measure? | [
"When did the ANSI define its new measure?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94714 | 5726e259dd62a815002e93d7 | Queen_(band) | On 11 April 2006, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the American singing contest television show American Idol. Each contestant was required to sing a Queen song during that week of the competition. Songs which appeared on the show included "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "The Show Must Go On", "Who Wan... | What month and year was the season finale of American Idol? | What month and year was the season finale of American Idol? | [
"What month and year was the season finale of American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4147 | 56d4e9d12ccc5a1400d8333c | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her... | Who studied Beyoncé during live concerts for research for a film's music role? | Who studied Beyoncé during live concerts for research for a film's music role? | [
"Who studied Beyoncé during live concerts for research for a film's music role?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gwyneth Paltrow"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95252 | 56df9ad738dc4217001520c6 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | On January 13, 1887, the U,S. Government moved to annul the patent issued to Bell on the grounds of fraud and misrepresentation. After a series of decisions and reversals, the Bell company won a decision in the Supreme Court, though a couple of the original claims from the lower court cases were left undecided. By the ... | In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what? | In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what? | [
"In 1887 the US Government wanted to undo Bell's patent due to fraud and what?"
] | {
"text": [
"misrepresentation"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93659 | 5728bd063acd2414000dfd79 | Estonia | Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation... | What date did Estonia join the League of Nations? | What date did Estonia join the League of Nations? | [
"What date did Estonia join the League of Nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"22 September 1921"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115201 | 57262dba89a1e219009ac506 | Mammal | The first amniotes apparently arose in the Late Carboniferous. They descended from earlier reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods, which lived on land that was already inhabited by insects and other invertebrates as well as by ferns, mosses and other plants. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became... | Two important Amniotes lineages became distinct, what was the name of that distinction? | Two important Amniotes lineages became distinct, what was the name of that distinction? | [
"Two important Amniotes lineages became distinct, what was the name of that distinction?"
] | {
"text": [
"the synapsids"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11396 | 57278604708984140094dfe4 | North_Carolina | Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century. The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish... | Western North carolina is also known as what? | Western North carolina is also known as what? | [
"Western North carolina is also known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"uplands"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73207 | 56db0b29e7c41114004b4cbd | American_Idol | Both finalists found success after the show, but Aiken out-performed Studdard's coronation song "Flying Without Wings" with his single release from the show "This Is the Night", as well as in their subsequent album releases. The fourth-place finisher Josh Gracin also enjoyed some success as a country singer. | Which of the final two had more success with his first album? | Which of the final two had more success with his first album? | [
"Which of the final two had more success with his first album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aiken"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27748 | 5729e6923f37b319004785b3 | Energy | In 1807, Thomas Young was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva, in its modern sense. Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy". The law of conservation of energy was also first postulated in... | Who was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva? | Who was possibly the first to use the term "energy" instead of vis viva? | [
"Who was possibly the first to use the term \"energy\" instead of vis viva?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Young"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73003 | 56daec56e7c41114004b4b23 | American_Idol | American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Ke... | Which judge is a jazz singer? | Which judge is a jazz singer? | [
"Which judge is a jazz singer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Harry Connick, Jr."
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108193 | 5acd46eb07355d001abf3bd8 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words? | What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words? | [
"What is the technique Aavic used to create Estonian words out of old words?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47928 | 5726bf80f1498d1400e8ea1c | Napoleon | In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, the Allies exiled him to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km (12 mi) off the Tuscan coast. They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor. Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being capt... | When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter? | When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter? | [
"When Napoleon was exiled, where did his wife and son go for shelter?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30294 | 5acd5f1607355d001abf3f5c | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | There were 112,608 households in the city in 2000, of which 26.5% included children below the age of 18, 39.5% were composed of married couples living together, 11.4% reported a female householder with no husband present, and 45.5% classified themselves as nonfamily. Unmarried partners were present in 2.2% of household... | How many households were there in 2001? | How many households were there in 2001? | [
"How many households were there in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70246 | 5a2c3244bfd06b001a5aea3c | Neoclassical_architecture | From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ... | What had there been very little of in Western Europe prior to the 1800s? | What had there been very little of in Western Europe prior to the 1800s? | [
"What had there been very little of in Western Europe prior to the 1800s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54946 | 570d3848fed7b91900d45d3e | Macintosh | Apple was initially reluctant to embrace mice with multiple buttons and scroll wheels. Macs did not natively support pointing devices that featured multiple buttons, even from third parties, until Mac OS X arrived in 2001. Apple continued to offer only single button mice, in both wired and Bluetooth wireless versions, ... | What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple? | What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple? | [
"What was the name of the 1st multiple button mouse introduced by Apple?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mighty Mouse"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54681 | 5ad4ffc25b96ef001a10a8e0 | Macintosh | The Macintosh (/ˈmækᵻntɒʃ/ MAK-in-tosh; branded as Mac since 1997) is a series of personal computers (PCs) designed, developed, and marketed by Apple Inc. Steve Jobs introduced the original Macintosh computer on January 24, 1984. This was the first mass-market personal computer featuring an integral graphical user inte... | When was the Microsoft branded as Mac? | When was the Microsoft branded as Mac? | [
"When was the Microsoft branded as Mac?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57293 | 5a543be4134fea001a0e16c1 | Muslim_world | Yet another influential philosopher who had an influence on modern philosophy was Ibn Tufail. His philosophical novel, Hayy ibn Yaqdha, translated into Latin as Philosophus Autodidactus in 1671, developed the themes of empiricism, tabula rasa, nature versus nurture, condition of possibility, materialism, and Molyneux's... | What was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to in the 16th century? | What was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to in the 16th century? | [
"What was Hayy ibn Yaqdha translated to in the 16th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63671 | 5725f7a389a1e219009ac115 | Buckingham_Palace | On 15 September 1940, known as the Battle of Britain Day, an RAF pilot, Ray Holmes of No. 504 Squadron RAF rammed a German bomber he believed was going to bomb the Palace. Holmes had run out of ammunition and made the quick decision to ram it. Holmes bailed out. Both aircraft crashed. In fact the Dornier Do 17 bomber w... | What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb? | What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb? | [
"What did Ray Holmes think the German pilot was going to bomb?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Palace"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41160 | 573166c9e6313a140071ceeb | Egypt | On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel... | What was the support by voters for referendum? | What was the support by voters for referendum? | [
"What was the support by voters for referendum?"
] | {
"text": [
"98.1%"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104814 | 573365f4d058e614000b5a15 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | One of the first victims was Northern Rock, a medium-sized British bank. The highly leveraged nature of its business led the bank to request security from the Bank of England. This in turn led to investor panic and a bank run in mid-September 2007. Calls by Liberal Democrat Treasury Spokesman Vince Cable to nationalise... | Who did Northern Rock request security from? | Who did Northern Rock request security from? | [
"Who did Northern Rock request security from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bank of England"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45138 | 5ace3dc232bba1001ae4a003 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In March 2010, Sony Corp has partnered with The Michael Jackson Company with a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history. | Who partnered together in March 2010 with a contract of over $500 million? | Who partnered together in March 2010 with a contract of over $500 million? | [
"Who partnered together in March 2010 with a contract of over $500 million?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75549 | 5acfcb4c77cf76001a68603d | Cubism | In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate. Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Met... | What group formed in 1911? | What group formed in 1911? | [
"What group formed in 1911?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35013 | 5a8cdd6afd22b3001a8d8f63 | Memory | Infants do not have the language ability to report on their memories and so verbal reports cannot be used to assess very young children’s memory. Throughout the years, however, researchers have adapted and developed a number of measures for assessing both infants’ recognition memory and their recall memory. Habituation... | How can a child study a researcher's memory? | How can a child study a researcher's memory? | [
"How can a child study a researcher's memory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50347 | 572e945cc246551400ce4372 | Neptune | The mantle is equivalent to 10 to 15 Earth masses and is rich in water, ammonia and methane. As is customary in planetary science, this mixture is referred to as icy even though it is a hot, dense fluid. This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean. The mantle may cons... | What is Neptune's mantle rich in? | What is Neptune's mantle rich in? | [
"What is Neptune's mantle rich in? "
] | {
"text": [
"water, ammonia and methane"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48110 | 56f9ee81f34c681400b0befb | Wood | A knot is a particular type of imperfection in a piece of wood; it will affect the technical properties of the wood, usually reducing the local strength and increasing the tendency for splitting along the wood grain, but may be exploited for visual effect. In a longitudinally sawn plank, a knot will appear as a roughly... | The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood? | The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood? | [
"The direction of grain in a knot can differ by as much as how many degrees from the regular wood?"
] | {
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92353 | 5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c733 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | How many uniformed services are there in the United States? | How many uniformed services are there in the United States? | [
"How many uniformed services are there in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67604 | 5a81b4a831013a001a334d98 | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale... | What is the name of the mountain at Norfolk Island's lowest point? | What is the name of the mountain at Norfolk Island's lowest point? | [
"What is the name of the mountain at Norfolk Island's lowest point?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25319 | 56d1204617492d1400aab9f9 | New_York_City | Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different US district courts: the District Court for the Southern District of New York, whose main courthouse is on Foley Square near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx... | In what borough is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? | In what borough is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located? | [
"In what borough is the main courthouse of the District Court for the Southern District of New York located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manhattan"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10121 | 5728377f3acd2414000df731 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The national economy grew significantly through agrarian reform, major modernization projects such as the Helwan steel works and the Aswan Dam, and nationalization schemes such as that of the Suez Canal. However, the marked economic growth of the early 1960s took a downturn for the remainder of the decade, only recover... | How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to? | How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to? | [
"How was Egyptian culture under Nasser refered to?"
] | {
"text": [
"golden age"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43118 | 5a85ce89b4e223001a8e721d | Poultry | A bantam is a small variety of domestic chicken, either a miniature version of a member of a standard breed, or a "true bantam" with no larger counterpart. The name derives from the town of Bantam in Java where European sailors bought the local small chickens for their shipboard supplies. Bantams may be a quarter to a ... | What breed of worm is named after a town in Java? | What breed of worm is named after a town in Java? | [
"What breed of worm is named after a town in Java?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66395 | 5ace9afb32bba1001ae4ac9a | Brigham_Young_University | Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980... | Who followed Dallin H. Oaks as president in 1971? | Who followed Dallin H. Oaks as president in 1971? | [
"Who followed Dallin H. Oaks as president in 1971?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55836 | 5a0cfb0ff5590b0018dab6d8 | Clothing | Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt... | Different cultures have evolved various ways of making whatever for? | Different cultures have evolved various ways of making whatever for? | [
"Different cultures have evolved various ways of making whatever for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5133 | 56e15993cd28a01900c67806 | Boston | There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Four... | Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts? | Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts? | [
"Whos is honored in the Italian Summer Feasts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic saints"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91243 | 5ace9aea32bba1001ae4ac93 | Avicenna | He turned to medicine at 16, and not only learned medical theory, but also by gratuitous attendance of the sick had, according to his own account, discovered new methods of treatment. The teenager achieved full status as a qualified physician at age 18, and found that "Medicine is no hard and thorny science, like mathe... | What subject did Avicenna stop studying at 16? | What subject did Avicenna stop studying at 16? | [
"What subject did Avicenna stop studying at 16?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53318 | 5a68f70d8476ee001a58a936 | Sichuan | The Yangtze River and its tributaries flows through the mountains of western Sichuan and the Sichuan Basin; thus, the province is upstream of the great cities that stand along the Yangtze River further to the east, such as Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai. One of the major tributaries of the Yangtze within the pr... | What joins the Wuhan at Yibin? | What joins the Wuhan at Yibin? | [
"What joins the Wuhan at Yibin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108512 | 572beeb22babe914003c296a | Tennessee | East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cit... | What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee? | What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee? | [
"What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee?"
] | {
"text": [
"I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99933 | 572ab2ccbe1ee31400cb8190 | Guam | Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guam... | What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor? | What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor? | [
"What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 7, 1941"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90612 | 572fcebd04bcaa1900d76d6f | Pacific_War | The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the USA was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia. In fact, the Imperial GHQ noted, should acceptable negotiations be reached... | What would Japan accomplish by peace after their early victories? | What would Japan accomplish by peace after their early victories? | [
"What would Japan accomplish by peace after their early victories?"
] | {
"text": [
"recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia."
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-414 | 56f95e5e9e9bad19000a089c | Marshall_Islands | In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independe... | When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end? | When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end? | [
"When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end?"
] | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51933 | 570c6560fed7b91900d4598d | John,_King_of_England | Shortly after his birth, John was passed from Eleanor into the care of a wet nurse, a traditional practice for medieval noble families. Eleanor then left for Poitiers, the capital of Aquitaine, and sent John and his sister Joan north to Fontevrault Abbey. This may have been done with the aim of steering her youngest so... | John was assigned what whilst he was at Fontevrault? | John was assigned what whilst he was at Fontevrault? | [
"John was assigned what whilst he was at Fontevrault?"
] | {
"text": [
"magister"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103847 | 57341b484776f41900661885 | Montana | Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 14 amphibian, 90 fish, 117 mammal, 20 reptile and 427 bird species. Additionally, there are over 10,000 invertebrate species, including 180 mollusks and 30 crustaceans. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Montana hosts five fe... | How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana? | How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana? | [
"How many different types of fish are diverse to Montana?"
] | {
"text": [
"90"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87722 | 5a69098b8476ee001a58a9fb | IBM | IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Of... | What do you need to pay Microsoft if you use Open Client Offering software? | What do you need to pay Microsoft if you use Open Client Offering software? | [
"What do you need to pay Microsoft if you use Open Client Offering software?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24837 | 56cfe77b234ae51400d9c054 | New_York_City | New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093... | How long are all the public beaches together in miles? | How long are all the public beaches together in miles? | [
"How long are all the public beaches together in miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106371 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d785 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? | Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? | [
"Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shams"
],
"answer_start": [
815
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71497 | 5727e3653acd2414000def0c | Oklahoma | The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in ... | What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper? | What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper? | [
"What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Oklahoman"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91356 | 5726d521f1498d1400e8ec8b | Avicenna | Avicenna's consideration of the essence-attributes question may be elucidated in terms of his ontological analysis of the modalities of being; namely impossibility, contingency, and necessity. Avicenna argued that the impossible being is that which cannot exist, while the contingent in itself (mumkin bi-dhatihi) has th... | According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause? | According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause? | [
"According to Avicenna, what could eventually be actualized by an external cause?"
] | {
"text": [
"contingency-in-itself"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51283 | 572b33b6111d821400f38dbf | Empiricism | In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was s... | When did da Vinci die? | When did da Vinci die? | [
"When did da Vinci die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1519"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71491 | 5727e31e2ca10214002d98ac | Oklahoma | Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has... | What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host? | What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host? | [
"What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?"
] | {
"text": [
"LPGA"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94127 | 5727add53acd2414000de96d | Cork_(city) | The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC). Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institu... | What is a major dance venue in Cork? | What is a major dance venue in Cork? | [
"What is a major dance venue in Cork?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Firkin Crane (capacity c.240)"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1607 | 5731822f05b4da19006bd208 | Mosaic | The mosaics of the Church of St Stephen in ancient Kastron Mefaa (now Umm ar-Rasas) were made in 785 (discovered after 1986). The perfectly preserved mosaic floor is the largest one in Jordan. On the central panel hunting and fishing scenes are depicted while another panel illustrates the most important cities of the r... | When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen re-discovered? | When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen re-discovered? | [
"When were the mosaics in the Church of St Stephen re-discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1986"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29022 | 5ad37580604f3c001a3fe305 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered an... | What was the main shortcoming in the drug Ciba? | What was the main shortcoming in the drug Ciba? | [
"What was the main shortcoming in the drug Ciba?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68399 | 5a36a26395360f001af1b2e3 | George_VI | Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness ... | In what city is Sandringham House? | In what city is Sandringham House? | [
"In what city is Sandringham House?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19965 | 573383494776f41900660c45 | University_of_Notre_Dame | Notre Dame rose to national prominence in the early 1900s for its Fighting Irish football team, especially under the guidance of the legendary coach Knute Rockne. The university's athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish. The football team, an Independent, has a... | There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many? | There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many? | [
"There were multiple students from Notre Dame who entered the Pro Football Hall of Fame, how many?"
] | {
"text": [
"13"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10174 | 5a7fc8178f0597001ac000c3 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank? | What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank? | [
"What nationality was Albert Bernhard Frank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-223 | 56f8f22f9e9bad19000a0753 | Guinea-Bissau | The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiat... | What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau? | What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau? | [
"What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"gumbe"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115805 | 5a8dc79fdf8bba001a0f9bfd | Richard_Feynman | Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiograp... | What was the name of one of his fiction books? | What was the name of one of his fiction books? | [
"What was the name of one of his fiction books?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98237 | 56f88857a6d7ea1400e1772d | Alps | In simple terms the structure of the Alps consists of layers of rock of European, African and oceanic (Tethyan) origin. The bottom nappe structure is of continental European origin, above which are stacked marine sediment nappes, topped off by nappes derived from the African plate. The Matterhorn is an example of the o... | Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what? | Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what? | [
"Layers of rock from Europe, Africa and the ocean make up what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the structure of the Alps"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91352 | 5ace9ff032bba1001ae4adaf | Avicenna | Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themse... | Who also began an inquiry into the answer of being? | Who also began an inquiry into the answer of being? | [
"Who also began an inquiry into the answer of being?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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