gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-114169 | 57267c915951b619008f7461 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Seizing the opportunity to increase his presence on Fleet Street, he made an agreement with the print unions, promising fewer redundancies if he acquired the newspaper. He assured IPC that he would publish a "straightforward, honest newspaper" which would continue to support Labour. IPC, under pressure from the unions,... | Which party would the newspaper endorse? | Which party would the newspaper endorse? | [
"Which party would the newspaper endorse?"
] | {
"text": [
"Labour"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43543 | 5726c5e45951b619008f7db1 | Korean_War | On 30 September, Zhou Enlai warned the United States that China was prepared to intervene in Korea if the United States crossed the 38th parallel. Zhou attempted to advise North Korean commanders on how to conduct a general withdrawal by using the same tactics which had allowed Chinese communist forces to successfully ... | Who believes that the North Koreans only appeared to fail to effective execute their withdrawal plan? | Who believes that the North Koreans only appeared to fail to effective execute their withdrawal plan? | [
"Who believes that the North Koreans only appeared to fail to effective execute their withdrawal plan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bruce Cumings"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75936 | 570613f152bb89140068986e | The_Times | Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers. | The author, Rex Stout, created a fictional detection that is fond of solving London Times' crossword puzzles that goes by what name? | The author, Rex Stout, created a fictional detection that is fond of solving London Times' crossword puzzles that goes by what name? | [
"The author, Rex Stout, created a fictional detection that is fond of solving London Times' crossword puzzles that goes by what name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nero Wolfe"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105202 | 5726fa9cdd62a815002e96be | History_of_science | The astronomer Aristarchus of Samos was the first known person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, while the geographer Eratosthenes accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth. Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) produced the first systematic star catalog. The level of achievement in Hellenistic ... | Who made the first catalog of stars? | Who made the first catalog of stars? | [
"Who made the first catalog of stars?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hipparchus"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48178 | 56fa09098f12f319006300a1 | Wood | In species which show a distinct difference between heartwood and sapwood the natural color of heartwood is usually darker than that of the sapwood, and very frequently the contrast is conspicuous (see section of yew log above). This is produced by deposits in the heartwood of chemical substances, so that a dramatic co... | Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous? | Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous? | [
"Is the color difference between heartwood and sapwood usually very subtle or conspicuous?"
] | {
"text": [
"conspicuous"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17261 | 5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8a | Uranium | The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily a... | What is uranium used for least often in the military? | What is uranium used for least often in the military? | [
"What is uranium used for least often in the military?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21493 | 5730a824396df91900096250 | Sumer | The term "Sumerian" is the common name given to the ancient non-Semitic inhabitants of Mesopotamia, Sumer, by the Semitic Akkadians. The Sumerians referred to themselves as ùĝ saĝ gíg-ga (cuneiform: 𒌦 𒊕 𒈪 𒂵), phonetically /uŋ saŋ giga/, literally meaning "the black-headed people", and to their land as ki-en-gi(-r) ... | What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians? | What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians? | [
"What is the common name given to the non-Semitic dwellers of Mesopotamia by the Akkadians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sumerian"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51912 | 570c625dfed7b91900d4596a | John,_King_of_England | Royal power in Wales was unevenly applied, with the country divided between the marcher lords along the borders, royal territories in Pembrokeshire and the more independent native Welsh lords of North Wales. John took a close interest in Wales and knew the country well, visiting every year between 1204 and 1211 and mar... | When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur? | When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur? | [
"When did a royal expedition to enforce agreements occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"1211"
],
"answer_start": [
662
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52811 | 5a73b3ec42eae6001a38998a | Political_party | In dominant-party systems, opposition parties are allowed, and there may be even a deeply established democratic tradition, but other parties are widely considered to have no real chance of gaining power. Sometimes, political, social and economic circumstances, and public opinion are the reason for others parties' fail... | How long did the People's Action Party in Singapore last? | How long did the People's Action Party in Singapore last? | [
"How long did the People's Action Party in Singapore last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97948 | 57328842b9988014000c7668 | Humanism | Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental "slop" (Hulme)[citation needed] or "an old bitch gone in the teeth" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more manly, authoritarian ... | Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder? | Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder? | [
"Who stated Humanism creates of people placeholder?"
] | {
"text": [
"Timothy Laurie"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24025 | 5ad3f3fd604f3c001a3ff923 | Bermuda | Bermuda's pink sand beaches and clear, cerulean blue ocean waters are popular with tourists. Many of Bermuda's hotels are located along the south shore of the island. In addition to its beaches, there are a number of sightseeing attractions. Historic St George's is a designated World Heritage Site. Scuba divers can exp... | What are located along the shore of the coral reefs? | What are located along the shore of the coral reefs? | [
"What are located along the shore of the coral reefs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55258 | 57279338708984140094e150 | Baptists | In 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled "The Character of the Beast," or "The False Constitution of the Church." In it he expressed two propositions: first, infants are not to be baptized; and second, "Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism." Hence, his conviction was... | What was his first proposition? | What was his first proposition? | [
"What was his first proposition?"
] | {
"text": [
"infants are not to be baptized"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89556 | 572fad10b2c2fd140056830d | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | What year did the government start to build new deep shelters? | What year did the government start to build new deep shelters? | [
"What year did the government start to build new deep shelters?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96393 | 5728ff31af94a219006a9f05 | Paris | Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl... | What is clothing made to order for private clients called? | What is clothing made to order for private clients called? | [
"What is clothing made to order for private clients called?"
] | {
"text": [
"haute couture"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69503 | 570aa4a44103511400d598b9 | Houston | The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily short- to medium-haul domestic flights. However, in 2015 Southwest Airlines launched service from a new international terminal at Hobby airport to several destinations in Mexico, C... | Which airline now offers international flights from Hobby Airport? | Which airline now offers international flights from Hobby Airport? | [
"Which airline now offers international flights from Hobby Airport?"
] | {
"text": [
"Southwest Airlines"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17710 | 5ad2306ed7d075001a4286c9 | Spectre_(2015_film) | With filming completed in Rome, production moved to Mexico City in late March to shoot the film's opening sequence, with scenes to include the Day of the Dead festival filmed in and around the Zócalo and the Centro Histórico district. The planned scenes required the city square to be closed for filming a sequence invol... | In which city was the film's closing sequence filmed? | In which city was the film's closing sequence filmed? | [
"In which city was the film's closing sequence filmed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36187 | 572fa22c04bcaa1900d76b1f | Printed_circuit_board | Multi-layer printed circuit boards have trace layers inside the board. This is achieved by laminating a stack of materials in a press by applying pressure and heat for a period of time. This results in an inseparable one piece product. For example, a four-layer PCB can be fabricated by starting from a two-sided copper-... | Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing? | Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing? | [
"Pressure is one thing you need to apply to make a multi-layer PCB; what's the other thing?"
] | {
"text": [
"heat"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101529 | 56d99b58dc89441400fdb5c3 | Dog | In 2003, the ICZN ruled in its Opinion 2027 that if wild animals and their domesticated derivatives are regarded as one species, then the scientific name of that species is the scientific name of the wild animal. In 2005, the third edition of Mammal Species of the World upheld Opinion 2027 with the name Lupus and the n... | What was this decision called? | What was this decision called? | [
"What was this decision called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Opinion 2027"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54483 | 5ad2e2d7d7d075001a42a626 | Christian | Christians have made a myriad contributions in a broad and diverse range of fields, including the sciences, arts, politics, literatures and business. According to 100 Years of Nobel Prizes, a review of Nobel prizes awarded between 1901 and 2000 reveals that (65.4%) of Nobel Prizes laureates identified Christianity in i... | What have Christians failed to do regarding a range of fields? | What have Christians failed to do regarding a range of fields? | [
"What have Christians failed to do regarding a range of fields?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101711 | 56d62acb1c85041400946f54 | Dog | "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month... | A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else? | A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else? | [
"A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else?"
] | {
"text": [
"puppy"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20670 | 56cca27d6d243a140015f04d | IPod | With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late. | What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod? | What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod? | [
"What market can Apple participate in now that it has a variety of games available for iPod?"
] | {
"text": [
"video game handheld console market"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22612 | 5a1240016614be00188f24ba | Exhibition_game | International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended fro... | Who was making as many as eleven substitutions per tournament? | Who was making as many as eleven substitutions per tournament? | [
"Who was making as many as eleven substitutions per tournament?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4037 | 56bec29b3aeaaa14008c937f | Beyoncé | In 2006, Beyoncé introduced her all-female tour band Suga Mama (also the name of a song in B'Day) which includes bassists, drummers, guitarists, horn players, keyboardists and percussionists. Her background singers, The Mamas, consist of Montina Cooper-Donnell, Crystal Collins and Tiffany Moniqué Riddick. They made the... | Beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what? | Beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what? | [
"Beyonce had an all-female tour band whose name was what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suga Mama"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74765 | 570e6a590b85d914000d7eae | Melbourne | Over two-thirds of Melburnians speak only English at home (68.1%). Chinese (mainly Cantonese and Mandarin) is the second-most-common language spoken at home (3.6%), with Greek third, Italian fourth and Vietnamese fifth, each with more than 100,000 speakers. Although Victoria's net interstate migration has fluctuated, t... | What is the second-most-common language in Melborne? | What is the second-most-common language in Melborne? | [
"What is the second-most-common language in Melborne?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40357 | 5ad4f9295b96ef001a10a836 | Paper | The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing b... | Paper is developed identically to what? | Paper is developed identically to what? | [
"Paper is developed identically to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59624 | 5726bfb05951b619008f7d27 | Electric_motor | Because the rotor is much lighter in weight (mass) than a conventional rotor formed from copper windings on steel laminations, the rotor can accelerate much more rapidly, often achieving a mechanical time constant under one ms. This is especially true if the windings use aluminum rather than the heavier copper. But bec... | The lack of a metal mass in the core causes what function to be absent? | The lack of a metal mass in the core causes what function to be absent? | [
"The lack of a metal mass in the core causes what function to be absent?"
] | {
"text": [
"heat sink"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1938 | 5ad179a2645df0001a2d1dc1 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | As a result of the Libyan Civil War, the United Nations enacted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, which imposed a no-fly zone over Libya, and the protection of civilians from the forces of Muammar Gaddafi. The United States, along with Britain, France and several other nations, committed a coalition forc... | The Iraqi conflict was primarily fought between which groups? | The Iraqi conflict was primarily fought between which groups? | [
" The Iraqi conflict was primarily fought between which groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109579 | 5728f03bff5b5019007da99e | Samurai | Oda Nobunaga made innovations in the fields of organization and war tactics, heavily used arquebuses, developed commerce and industry and treasured innovation. Consecutive victories enabled him to realize the termination of the Ashikaga Bakufu and the disarmament of the military powers of the Buddhist monks, which had ... | Who used arquebuses a lot? | Who used arquebuses a lot? | [
"Who used arquebuses a lot?"
] | {
"text": [
"Oda Nobunaga"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22964 | 5735c421dc94161900571ffb | Kathmandu | Kathmandu is home to Nepali cinema and theaters. The city contains several theaters, including the National Dance Theatre in Kanti Path, the Ganga Theatre, the Himalayan Theatre and the Aarohan Theater Group founded in 1982. The M. Art Theater is based in the city. The Gurukul School of Theatre organizes the Kathmandu ... | Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu? | Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu? | [
"Where can the National Dance Theatre be found in Kathmandu?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kanti Path"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18455 | 5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0613 | Eritrea | Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school... | What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day? | What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day? | [
"What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51271 | 5a57bb09770dc0001aeefd12 | Empiricism | During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized ... | What does tabula rasa mean? | What does tabula rasa mean? | [
"What does tabula rasa mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57217 | 572fedf6947a6a140053ce1c | Muslim_world | Between the 8th and 18th centuries, the use of glazed ceramics was prevalent in Islamic art, usually assuming the form of elaborate pottery. Tin-opacified glazing was one of the earliest new technologies developed by the Islamic potters. The first Islamic opaque glazes can be found as blue-painted ware in Basra, dating... | Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world? | Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world? | [
"Where would one find the earliest examples of opaque glazes in the Muslim world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basra"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17749 | 56cedc9caab44d1400b88b2b | Spectre_(2015_film) | Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secur... | How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production? | How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production? | [
"How much money were possible changes to the Mexico City section of the film rumored to have saved the production?"
] | {
"text": [
"$20 million"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89213 | 5acd616507355d001abf400c | Hunter-gatherer | Some agriculturalists also regularly hunt and gather (e.g., farming during the frost-free season and hunting during the winter). Still others in developed countries go hunting, primarily for leisure. In the Brazilian rainforest, those groups that recently did, or even continue to, rely on hunting and gathering techniqu... | Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what? | Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what? | [
"Hunting is usually done in the frost-free what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99946 | 5ace406132bba1001ae4a098 | Guam | The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class).:20–21 The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Ma... | What did the matua have the best access to? | What did the matua have the best access to? | [
"What did the matua have the best access to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48700 | 57284c933acd2414000df8cb | War_on_Terror | The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Austr... | How many troops did the Netherlands send initially? | How many troops did the Netherlands send initially? | [
"How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,400"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70130 | 59d297d52763a600182840ec | Great_Plains | The Great Plains is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie states and east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. This area covers parts, but not all, of the states of Colorado, Kansas, Mon... | What lies west of the Rocky Mountains? | What lies west of the Rocky Mountains? | [
"What lies west of the Rocky Mountains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60951 | 57329bc4cc179a14009dab68 | Police | In France during the Middle Ages, there were two Great Officers of the Crown of France with police responsibilities: The Marshal of France and the Constable of France. The military policing responsibilities of the Marshal of France were delegated to the Marshal's provost, whose force was known as the Marshalcy because ... | Which two entities in Medieval France had police duties? | Which two entities in Medieval France had police duties? | [
"Which two entities in Medieval France had police duties?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Marshal of France and the Constable of France"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24 | 56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d73 | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for t... | Who traded slaves into the Middle East? | Who traded slaves into the Middle East? | [
"Who traded slaves into the Middle East?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabs"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98998 | 57277c1fdd62a815002e9e59 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work su... | How often is the Young Composers Film Competition? | How often is the Young Composers Film Competition? | [
"How often is the Young Composers Film Competition?"
] | {
"text": [
"annual"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44701 | 56f89e2e9e9bad19000a01dd | Gene | The vast majority of living organisms encode their genes in long strands of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA consists of a chain made from four types of nucleotide subunits, each composed of: a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.:2.1 | What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule? | What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule? | [
"What type of sugar composes part of the DNA molecule?"
] | {
"text": [
"a five-carbon sugar (2'-deoxyribose)"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98679 | 57268c14708984140094c9a8 | Marvel_Comics | In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Di... | When did Marvel purchase this distribution network? | When did Marvel purchase this distribution network? | [
"When did Marvel purchase this distribution network?"
] | {
"text": [
"1994"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76060 | 5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc92 | Web_browser | The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links"). | What lets an OS find other information? | What lets an OS find other information? | [
"What lets an OS find other information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47620 | 572fddea947a6a140053cd7c | Armenia | A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be pr... | Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia? | Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia? | [
"Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lake Sevan"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96847 | 5a21ca7d8a6e4f001aa08ec8 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | What is kanon the Hebrew word for? | What is kanon the Hebrew word for? | [
"What is kanon the Hebrew word for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67688 | 5a81c18c31013a001a334e55 | Norfolk_Island | The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as... | How many seats does the Assembly of Norfolk Island eliminate? | How many seats does the Assembly of Norfolk Island eliminate? | [
"How many seats does the Assembly of Norfolk Island eliminate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54422 | 5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5aa | Christian | The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc, and a "follower of Christianity" is a t... | Now pronounced Jidu in Cantonese, how were the characters originally pronounced? | Now pronounced Jidu in Cantonese, how were the characters originally pronounced? | [
"Now pronounced Jidu in Cantonese, how were the characters originally pronounced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28833 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e64 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | The rabies vaccine was created in what year? | The rabies vaccine was created in what year? | [
"The rabies vaccine was created in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1885"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18757 | 572fb545b2c2fd140056838f | Premier_League | The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. In the 2014–15 season, the average Premier League match attendance exceeded 36,000, second highest of any professional football league behind the Bund... | What is the Premier League's UEFA co-efficients of leagues rank? | What is the Premier League's UEFA co-efficients of leagues rank? | [
"What is the Premier League's UEFA co-efficients of leagues rank?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Premier League rank second in the UEFA coefficients of leagues"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90736 | 5732201b0fdd8d15006c67da | Pacific_War | Thus, only in 1944 did the U.S. Navy begin to use its 150 submarines to maximum effect: installing effective shipboard radar, replacing commanders deemed lacking in aggression, and fixing the faults in the torpedoes. Japanese commerce protection was "shiftless beyond description,"[nb 14] and convoys were poorly organiz... | How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war? | How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war? | [
"How many Japanese carriers were sunk during the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
1260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111535 | 573233c1b9d445190005e8be | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | At the time, there were many varying opinions about Christian doctrine, and no centralized way of enforcing orthodoxy. Constantine called all the Christian bishops throughout the Roman Empire to a meeting, and some 318 bishops (very few from the Western Empire) attended the First Council of Nicaea. The purpose of this ... | How many bishops attended the First Council? | How many bishops attended the First Council? | [
"How many bishops attended the First Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"318"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110920 | 5a81b8ad31013a001a334de4 | Group_(mathematics) | The set G is called the underlying set of the group (G, •). Often the group's underlying set G is used as a short name for the group (G, •). Along the same lines, shorthand expressions such as "a subset of the group G" or "an element of group G" are used when what is actually meant is "a subset of the underlying set G ... | What is the overlaying set of the group? | What is the overlaying set of the group? | [
"What is the overlaying set of the group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11870 | 56faee55f34c681400b0c1ce | Somalis | The scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and... | Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies? | Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies? | [
"Along with sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology, what field is part of Somali Studies?"
] | {
"text": [
"anthropology"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16355 | 57317e0505b4da19006bd1eb | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-governme... | With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement? | With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement? | [
"With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Algeria"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102012 | 5a514d0bce860b001aa3fcdb | States_of_Germany | Later, the constitution was amended to state that the citizens of the 16 states had successfully achieved the unity of Germany in free self-determination and that the Basic Law thus applied to the entire German people. Article 23, which had allowed "any other parts of Germany" to join, was rephrased. It had been used i... | How many states are a part of the German Union? | How many states are a part of the German Union? | [
"How many states are a part of the German Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34514 | 56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0363 | Southampton | The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and ... | What organization invested half a million pounds in the SeaCity Museum? | What organization invested half a million pounds in the SeaCity Museum? | [
"What organization invested half a million pounds in the SeaCity Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"the National Lottery"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17627 | 5ad22ad5d7d075001a4285e5 | Spectre_(2015_film) | The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised... | Where was the main cast revealed in December 2004? | Where was the main cast revealed in December 2004? | [
"Where was the main cast revealed in December 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43157 | 572646a7708984140094c12f | Poultry | It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have bee... | What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K. | What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K. | [
"What variety is the most common the the United States and the U.K."
] | {
"text": [
"Pekin duck"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56639 | 57278b575951b619008f8cf8 | Gramophone_record | In 1901, 10-inch disc records were introduced, followed in 1903 by 12-inch records. These could play for more than three and four minutes respectively, while contemporary cylinders could only play for about two minutes. In an attempt to head off the disc advantage, Edison introduced the Amberol cylinder in 1909, with a... | What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire? | What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire? | [
"What year did the patent for lateral cut discs expire?"
] | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87107 | 5a1f38073de3f40018b26541 | Videoconferencing | Technological developments by videoconferencing developers in the 2010s have extended the capabilities of video conferencing systems beyond the boardroom for use with hand-held mobile devices that combine the use of video, audio and on-screen drawing capabilities broadcasting in real-time over secure networks, independ... | What has the use of video done in the 2010's? | What has the use of video done in the 2010's? | [
"What has the use of video done in the 2010's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43182 | 572649e3dd62a815002e807e | Poultry | The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the... | How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from? | How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from? | [
"How many species is the recent day turkey suspected to have embarked from?"
] | {
"text": [
"descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15598 | 5707135a90286e26004fc8c2 | Black_people | Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities,... | When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? | When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor? | [
"When did New Orleans elect it's first black Mayor?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91799 | 57278e565951b619008f8d73 | Botany | The evolutionary relationships and heredity of a group of organisms is called its phylogeny. Phylogenetic studies attempt to discover phylogenies. The basic approach is to use similarities based on shared inheritance to determine relationships. As an example, species of Pereskia are trees or bushes with prominent leave... | What does the phylogeny of a group represent? | What does the phylogeny of a group represent? | [
"What does the phylogeny of a group represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"relationships and heredity"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41356 | 56d67a8d1c8504140094714d | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Malaysia-based Yazhou Zhoukan conducted an interview with former researcher at the China Seismological Bureau Geng Qingguo (耿庆国), in which Geng claimed that a confidential written report was sent to the State Seismological Bureau on April 30, 2008, warning about the possible occurrence of a significant earthquake in Ng... | What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? | What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau? | [
"What did researcher Geng Qingguo say was sent to the State Seismological Bureau?"
] | {
"text": [
"written report"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67738 | 5a81c56131013a001a334e86 | Norfolk_Island | The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zeala... | What must Australian and New Zealand citizens avoid in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? | What must Australian and New Zealand citizens avoid in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? | [
"What must Australian and New Zealand citizens avoid in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61067 | 5acebdfa32bba1001ae4b27f | Police | In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Police, was founded in 1868. Initially the Dominion Police p... | When was the Toronto police destroyed? | When was the Toronto police destroyed? | [
"When was the Toronto police destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7127 | 5731564c05b4da19006bd064 | Red | Major League Baseball is especially well known for red teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings are the oldest professional baseball team, dating back to 1869. The franchise soon relocated to Boston and is now the Atlanta Braves, but its name survives as the origin for both the Cincinnati Reds and Boston Red Sox. During the... | Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati? | Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati? | [
"Where did the Cincinnati Red Stockings move after leaving Cincinnati?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69903 | 5ad49cc1ba00c4001a268db8 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 is available in three different editions, of which the lowest version, branded simply as Windows 8, and Windows 8 Pro, were sold at retail in most countries, and as pre-loaded software on new computers. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add ad... | What extras does Windows 9 Pro have? | What extras does Windows 9 Pro have? | [
"What extras does Windows 9 Pro have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68639 | 5a2f504fa83784001a7d26f7 | Mesozoic | The Triassic was generally dry, a trend that began in the late Carboniferous, and highly seasonal, especially in the interior of Pangaea. Low sea levels may have also exacerbated temperature extremes. With its high specific heat capacity, water acts as a temperature-stabilizing heat reservoir, and land areas near large... | Why was the Carnian Pluvial event especially dry? | Why was the Carnian Pluvial event especially dry? | [
"Why was the Carnian Pluvial event especially dry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62345 | 5a6a623aa9e0c9001a4e9dce | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Holt increased Australian commitment to the growing War in Vietnam, which met with some public opposition. His government oversaw conversion to decimal currency. Holt faced Britain's withdrawal from Asia by visiting and hosting many Asian leaders and by expanding ties to the United States, hosting the first visit to Au... | What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand? | What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand? | [
"What did the the Migration Act 1966 expand?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51310 | 5a57cc65770dc0001aeefd7e | Empiricism | British empiricism, though it was not a term used at the time, derives from the 17th century period of early modern philosophy and modern science. The term became useful in order to describe differences perceived between two of its founders Francis Bacon, described as empiricist, and René Descartes, who is described as... | Who was the founder of rationalism? | Who was the founder of rationalism? | [
"Who was the founder of rationalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15344 | 57064c4575f01819005e7b1c | Black_people | In the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail "the Bloodthirsty" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission. | What did he call his slave army? | What did he call his slave army? | [
"What did he call his slave army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Black Guard"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41619 | 56cec484aab44d1400b88a09 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The earthquake also provided opportunities for researchers to retrofit data in order to model future earthquake predictions. Using data from the Intermagnet Lanzhou geomagnetic observatory, geologists Lazo Pekevski from the Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje in Macedonia and Strachimir Mavrodiev from the Bulg... | What did the professors predict? | What did the professors predict? | [
"What did the professors predict?"
] | {
"text": [
"the time of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14123 | 56f9725b9e9bad19000a092c | Brain | There are dozens of other chemical neurotransmitters that are used in more limited areas of the brain, often areas dedicated to a particular function. Serotonin, for example—the primary target of antidepressant drugs and many dietary aids—comes exclusively from a small brainstem area called the Raphe nuclei. Norepineph... | Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain? | Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain? | [
"Antidepressants typically affect what chemical of the brain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Serotonin"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37150 | 57277da6dd62a815002e9e88 | Switzerland | When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside the French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris. The result was the Act of Mediation whi... | During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals? | During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals? | [
"During the Helvetic Republic, which forces invaded Switzerland when war broke out between France and its rivals?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian and Austrian"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39171 | 5731df9ae99e3014001e6385 | Protestantism | Several countries have established their national churches, linking the ecclesiastical structure with the state. Jurisdictions where a Protestant denomination has been established as a state religion include several Nordic countries; Denmark (including Greenland), the Faroe Islands (its church being independent since 2... | Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion? | Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion? | [
"Who is the head church of the Anglican Communion?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Church of England"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68441 | 57281e423acd2414000df4e6 | George_VI | In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern Briti... | Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like? | Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like? | [
"Who did Churchill appoint to Cabinet that the King did not like?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Beaverbrook"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87005 | 5a8cb474fd22b3001a8d8d7d | Biodiversity | Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat ... | What leads to biodiversity loss in some species? | What leads to biodiversity loss in some species? | [
"What leads to biodiversity loss in some species?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22484 | 5a360940788daf001a5f86ba | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was dec... | What was Pradesh declared in 1950? | What was Pradesh declared in 1950? | [
"What was Pradesh declared in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30655 | 57263e5189a1e219009ac5ab | Mexico_City | Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México audio (help·info) American Spanish: [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈméxiko]; abbreviated as "CDMX"), is the capital of Mexico. As an "alpha" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle... | How many municipalities are in Mexico City? | How many municipalities are in Mexico City? | [
"How many municipalities are in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"sixteen"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103661 | 572a2f743f37b31900478788 | East_Prussia | At the beginning of World War I, East Prussia became a theatre of war when the Russian Empire invaded the country. The Russian Army encountered at first little resistance because the bulk of the German Army had been directed towards the Western Front according to the Schlieffen Plan. Despite early success and the captu... | Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia? | Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia? | [
"Why did the Russian army face such little resistance when moving through Prussia?"
] | {
"text": [
"German Army had been directed towards the Western Front"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93987 | 572e9fd2dfa6aa1500f8d218 | Cyprus | The majority of Greek Cypriots identify as Greek Orthodox, whereas most Turkish Cypriots are adherents of Sunni Islam. According to Eurobarometer 2005, Cyprus was the second most religious state in the European Union at that time, after Malta (although in 2005 Romania wasn't in the European Union, currently Romania is ... | Who is the current head of the Greek Orthodox church in Cyprus? | Who is the current head of the Greek Orthodox church in Cyprus? | [
"Who is the current head of the Greek Orthodox church in Cyprus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Archbishop Chrysostomos II"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69284 | 5ad41f18604f3c001a40067c | Houston | Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that par... | Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Texas have? | Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Texas have? | [
"Besides parking requirements, what land use regulations does Texas have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50588 | 56e861d000c9c71400d7767b | Bern | The etymology of the name Bern is uncertain. According to the local legend, based on folk etymology, Berchtold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of the city of Bern, vowed to name the city after the first animal he met on the hunt, and this turned out to be a bear. It has long been considered likely that the city was n... | What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern? | What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern? | [
"What animal is on the seal and coat of arms of Bern?"
] | {
"text": [
"bear"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104388 | 5ad22b4bd7d075001a4285ed | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubl... | Who are unpopular fiddle player and tenor banjo player? | Who are unpopular fiddle player and tenor banjo player? | [
"Who are unpopular fiddle player and tenor banjo player?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86469 | 5a611333e9e1cc001a33ce9c | Gymnastics | Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is ... | What are the children's events? | What are the children's events? | [
"What are the children's events?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9078 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c6993 | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | When did the Bronx's economy regrow? | When did the Bronx's economy regrow? | [
"When did the Bronx's economy regrow?"
] | {
"text": [
"starting in the late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77890 | 5acd5ca407355d001abf3ed4 | Strasbourg | Louis' advisors believed that, as long as Strasbourg remained independent, it would endanger the King's newly annexed territories in Alsace, and, that to defend these large rural lands effectively, a garrison had to be placed in towns such as Strasbourg. Indeed, the bridge over the Rhine at Strasbourg had been used rep... | In what year was King Louis crowned? | In what year was King Louis crowned? | [
"In what year was King Louis crowned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38975 | 5a2c5ab1bfd06b001a5aeb31 | Serbo-Croatian | The luxurious and ornate representative texts of Serbo-Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the later era, when they coexisted with the Serbo-Croatian vernacular literature. The most notable are the "Missal of Duke Novak" from the Lika region in northwestern Croatia (1368), "Evangel from Reims" (1395, named after the tow... | What region is the Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice from? | What region is the Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice from? | [
"What region is the Glagolitic Missale Romanum Glagolitice from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43639 | 5726e9fadd62a815002e9503 | Korean_War | For the remainder of the Korean War the UN Command and the PVA fought, but exchanged little territory; the stalemate held. Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued, and protracted armistice negotiations began 10 July 1951 at Kaesong. On the Chinese side, Zhou Enlai directed peace talks, and Li Kenong and Qiao Guang... | Was there a cease fire during the talks? | Was there a cease fire during the talks? | [
"Was there a cease fire during the talks?"
] | {
"text": [
"Large-scale bombing of North Korea continued"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53829 | 56e8379037bdd419002c44ab | Dialect | Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions ... | From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China? | From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China? | [
"From the time of the Ming dynasty, what city was the capital of China?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beijing"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92997 | 5acedad432bba1001ae4b773 | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level? | Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level? | [
"Who has more than eighty percent of the country above sea level?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85004 | 5726d1a8708984140094d23a | Mali | The president serves as a chief of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A prime minister appointed by the president serves as head of government and in turn appoints the Council of Ministers. The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms... | How many legislative assemblies are held each year? | How many legislative assemblies are held each year? | [
"How many legislative assemblies are held each year?"
] | {
"text": [
"two regular sessions"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62626 | 5729429a6aef051400154c19 | Software_testing | Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form o... | What does Destructive testing verify? | What does Destructive testing verify? | [
"What does Destructive testing verify?"
] | {
"text": [
"software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62321 | 5a6a5f32a9e0c9001a4e9db8 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Menzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Communist Party of China to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by... | Over what did the Soviet Union divide? | Over what did the Soviet Union divide? | [
"Over what did the Soviet Union divide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65386 | 57271342f1498d1400e8f33a | Crimean_War | The Baltic was[when?] a forgotten theatre of the Crimean War. Popularisation of events elsewhere overshadowed the significance of this theatre, which was close to Saint Petersburg, the Russian capital. In April 1854 an Anglo-French fleet entered the Baltic to attack the Russian naval base of Kronstadt and the Russian f... | Which fleet joined the Baltic attack? | Which fleet joined the Baltic attack? | [
"Which fleet joined the Baltic attack?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglo-French fleet"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85381 | 5a7a6d4a21c2de001afe9c21 | European_Central_Bank | The Supervisory Board meets twice a month to discuss, plan and carry out the ECB’s supervisory tasks. It proposes draft decisions to the Governing Council under the non-objection procedure. It is composed of Chair (appointed for a non-renewable term of five years), Vice-Chair (chosen from among the members of the ECB's... | Who is restricted from being on the supervisory board? | Who is restricted from being on the supervisory board? | [
"Who is restricted from being on the supervisory board?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99043 | 5727824e708984140094df93 | Turner_Classic_Movies | TCM's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Cent... | Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library? | Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library? | [
"Who owns the Selznick International Pictures library?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walt Disney Studios"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109505 | 5a1cdddb4ea40d0018b06f65 | Dutch_Republic | During the Republic, any person who wished to hold public office had to conform to the Reformed Church and take an oath to this effect. The extent to which different religions or denominations were persecuted depended much on the time period and regional or city leaders. In the beginning, this was especially focused on... | Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning? | Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning? | [
"Who did most services put the focus on in the beginning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105173 | 5726f3eef1498d1400e8f0c9 | History_of_science | From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 BC, the Mesopotamian people began to attempt to record some observations of the world with numerical data. But their observations and measurements were seemingly taken for purposes other than for elucidating scientific laws. A concrete instance of Pythagoras' law wa... | What was the earliest recording of Pythagoras' law? | What was the earliest recording of Pythagoras' law? | [
"What was the earliest recording of Pythagoras' law?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
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