gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-67356 | 5a10706edecec9001847566d | Hanover | Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten ... | What other events usually take place after the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks | What other events usually take place after the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks | [
"What other events usually take place after the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90245 | 5727bfeb3acd2414000deb7f | Tibet | Other pre-modern Chinese names for Tibet include Wusiguo (Chinese: 烏斯國; pinyin: Wūsīguó; cf. Tibetan dbus, Ü, [wyʔ˨˧˨]), Wusizang (Chinese: 烏斯藏; pinyin: wūsīzàng, cf. Tibetan dbus-gtsang, Ü-Tsang), Tubote (Chinese: 圖伯特; pinyin: Túbótè), and Tanggute (Chinese: 唐古忒; pinyin: Tánggǔtè, cf. Tangut). American Tibetologist El... | What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet? | What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet? | [
"What is another pre-modern Chinese name for Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wusiguo"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62272 | 5728d9a2ff5b5019007da816 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by th... | Which group was predecessor to the Liberals? | Which group was predecessor to the Liberals? | [
"Which group was predecessor to the Liberals?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Australia Party (UAP)"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15353 | 57064fb952bb8914006899d6 | Black_people | Due to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male master and his female... | Who was enslaved more often? | Who was enslaved more often? | [
"Who was enslaved more often?"
] | {
"text": [
"black women"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72101 | 5acf7a0977cf76001a684ef8 | Capacitor | Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacit... | What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "dirty" power for control circuits? | What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "dirty" power for control circuits? | [
"What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver \"dirty\" power for control circuits?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84929 | 5a281f37d1a287001a6d0a84 | Mali | On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. His efforts were frustrated by... | Who was overthrown in a bloodied military coup? | Who was overthrown in a bloodied military coup? | [
"Who was overthrown in a bloodied military coup?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58390 | 570e22010dc6ce1900204ddf | Sanskrit | Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardi... | Where is Sanskrit usually found? | Where is Sanskrit usually found? | [
"Where is Sanskrit usually found?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48264 | 56fa3006f34c681400b0bff8 | Wood | In ring-porous woods of good growth it is usually the latewood in which the thick-walled, strength-giving fibers are most abundant. As the breadth of ring diminishes, this latewood is reduced so that very slow growth produces comparatively light, porous wood composed of thin-walled vessels and wood parenchyma. In good ... | When there is less latewood, what is diminishing? | When there is less latewood, what is diminishing? | [
"When there is less latewood, what is diminishing?"
] | {
"text": [
"breadth of ring"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33460 | 56f9409c9b226e1400dd12c6 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | Heading east, 27th Street passes through Chelsea Park between Tenth and Ninth Avenues, with the Fashion Institute of Technology (FIT) on the corner of Eighth. On Madison Avenue between 26th and 27th streets, on the site of the old Madison Square Garden, is the New York Life Building, built in 1928 and designed by Cass ... | The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue? | The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue? | [
"The Fashion Institute of Technology is on the corner of 27th Street and what Avenue?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eighth"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34244 | 572945531d0469140077922a | Alaska | There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the Alaska Folk Festival, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival, the Sitka Jazz Festival, and the Sitka Summer Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the Anchorage Symp... | Which company is Alaska's only professional opera? | Which company is Alaska's only professional opera? | [
"Which company is Alaska's only professional opera?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Anchorage Opera"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39721 | 57293d9e1d046914007791cb | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven (local /nuː ˈheɪvən/, noo-HAY-vən), in the U.S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut, which in turn comprises ... | What is the population of New Haven City in 2010? | What is the population of New Haven City in 2010? | [
"What is the population of New Haven City in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"129,779"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10384 | 56e01bf5231d4119001abf2b | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics? | In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics? | [
"In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"hieroglyphs"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27869 | 5acd438207355d001abf3b1b | Energy | For example, consider electron–positron annihilation, in which the rest mass of individual particles is destroyed, but the inertia equivalent of the system of the two particles (its invariant mass) remains (since all energy is associated with mass), and this inertia and invariant mass is carried off by photons which in... | what is created and changed to non-matter energy? | what is created and changed to non-matter energy? | [
"what is created and changed to non-matter energy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93488 | 5ad197dc645df0001a2d20da | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | Where are LEDs not often used? | Where are LEDs not often used? | [
"Where are LEDs not often used?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113799 | 5a56c8e56349e2001acdcf35 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The 1998 Strategic Defence Review and the 2003 Delivering Security in a Changing World White Paper outlined the following posture for the British Armed Forces: | What did the British Armed Forces write in 1998? | What did the British Armed Forces write in 1998? | [
"What did the British Armed Forces write in 1998?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61702 | 5a6284e3f8d794001af1c095 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Metrobus Transit is responsible for public transit in the region. Metrobus has a total of 19 routes, 53 buses and an annual ridership of 3,014,073. Destinations include the Avalon Mall, The Village Shopping Centre, Memorial University, Academy Canada, the College of the North Atlantic, the Marine Institute, the Confede... | What transit has 19 buses? | What transit has 19 buses? | [
"What transit has 19 buses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32881 | 57281a552ca10214002d9dd7 | Central_African_Republic | Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide. The security situation did not impro... | What was Bozize indicted for? | What was Bozize indicted for? | [
"What was Bozize indicted for?"
] | {
"text": [
"crimes against humanity"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26415 | 5a77823c2d6d7f001a4a9fe4 | University | European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest universities were develop... | During which era did universities grow out of monasteries? | During which era did universities grow out of monasteries? | [
"During which era did universities grow out of monasteries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46264 | 57325556e99e3014001e66d2 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments? | What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments? | [
"What is the term for Jehovah's Witnesses' rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments?"
] | {
"text": [
"world indifference"
],
"answer_start": [
1081
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93075 | 5aceec8532bba1001ae4b930 | Tajikistan | Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Depar... | Who has declared three Islamic holidays? | Who has declared three Islamic holidays? | [
"Who has declared three Islamic holidays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72937 | 570fe9ff5ab6b819003910cd | Dell | Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), Dell Support Center (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in ... | What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station? | What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station? | [
"What is the alternate name for the Dell Solution Station?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dell on Call"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54757 | 570d1a97b3d812140066d413 | Macintosh | In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in th... | What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on? | What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on? | [
"What did the FSF feel that Apple was trying to monopolize on?"
] | {
"text": [
"GUIs in general"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110678 | 5730037bb2c2fd140056873c | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? | What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? | [
"What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jizya"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41933 | 5a42b1214a4859001aac72a9 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it la... | What did the NES-101 model include? | What did the NES-101 model include? | [
"What did the NES-101 model include?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2726 | 5acd66ae07355d001abf40c3 | British_Isles | The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 mil... | The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country? | The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country? | [
"The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63473 | 572616bfec44d21400f3d8a7 | Buckingham_Palace | Directly underneath the State Apartments is a suite of slightly less grand rooms known as the semi-state apartments. Opening from the Marble Hall, these rooms are used for less formal entertaining, such as luncheon parties and private audiences. Some of the rooms are named and decorated for particular visitors, such as... | Who is the 1844 Room named after? | Who is the 1844 Room named after? | [
"Who is the 1844 Room named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tsar Nicholas I of Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15696 | 5726e208f1498d1400e8ee93 | Chinese_characters | There are also some extremely complex characters which have understandably become rather rare. According to Joël Bellassen (1989), the most complex Chinese character is /𪚥 (U+2A6A5) zhé listen (help·info), meaning "verbose" and containing sixty-four strokes; this character fell from use around the 5th century. It mig... | What is the most complex Chinese character? | What is the most complex Chinese character? | [
"What is the most complex Chinese character?"
] | {
"text": [
"zhé"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56133 | 56e7b14c37bdd419002c4370 | Arena_Football_League | The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015 | When does the CAFL plan on start its first season? | When does the CAFL plan on start its first season? | [
"When does the CAFL plan on start its first season?"
] | {
"text": [
"2016"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112897 | 5a70dbc78abb0b001a6761d1 | Xbox_360 | On November 6, 2006, Microsoft announced the Xbox Video Marketplace, an exclusive video store accessible through the console. Launched in the United States on November 22, 2006, the first anniversary of the Xbox 360's launch, the service allows users in the United States to download high-definition and standard-definit... | How long do users have to stream a film? | How long do users have to stream a film? | [
"How long do users have to stream a film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51996 | 5ad370c8604f3c001a3fe26b | Miami | Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, enter... | Where does Miami rank in terms of UN Spanish-speaking populations? | Where does Miami rank in terms of UN Spanish-speaking populations? | [
"Where does Miami rank in terms of UN Spanish-speaking populations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111790 | 5acd849d07355d001abf4532 | Education | As an academic field, philosophy of education is "the philosophical study of education and its problems (...) its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy". "The philosophy of education may be either the philosophy of the process of education or the philosophy of the discipline of ed... | What does not define philosophy education? | What does not define philosophy education? | [
" What does not define philosophy education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93599 | 5728b2d64b864d1900164c4a | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded? | What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded? | [
"What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded?"
] | {
"text": [
"the SS Walnut"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16364 | 57317f53a5e9cc1400cdbfd5 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Debate remained limited, and major decisions regarding the economy and defence were avoided or dealt with cursorily; the GPC largely remained "a rubber stamp" for Gaddafi's policies. On rare occasions, the GPC opposed Gaddafi's suggestions, sometimes successfully; notably, when Gaddafi called on primary schools to be a... | What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools? | What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools? | [
"What type of education did Gaddafi prefer to primary schools?"
] | {
"text": [
"home schooling"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98699 | 57268d7ef1498d1400e8e393 | Marvel_Comics | On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Com... | When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced? | When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced? | [
"When was the sale of Marvel to this entertainment conglomerate announced?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 31, 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22560 | 5727b9623acd2414000deaa1 | Exhibition_game | An exhibition game (also known as a friendly, a scrimmage, a demonstration, a preseason game, a warmup match, or a preparation match, depending at least in part on the sport) is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the player's or the team's rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team spor... | What is 'a demonstration' another term for? | What is 'a demonstration' another term for? | [
"What is 'a demonstration' another term for?"
] | {
"text": [
"exhibition game"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114086 | 5a42cb724a4859001aac7322 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In the classical case, the invariance, or symmetry, group and the covariance group coincide, but, interestingly enough, they part ways in relativistic physics. The symmetry group of the general theory of relativity includes all differentiable transformations, i.e., all properties of an object are dynamical, in other wo... | What theory does relativity coincide with? | What theory does relativity coincide with? | [
"What theory does relativity coincide with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19795 | 573173f6497a881900248f11 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Maya writing system (often called hieroglyphs from a superficial resemblance to the Ancient Egyptian writing) was a combination of phonetic symbols and logograms. It is most often classified as a logographic or (more properly) a logosyllabic writing system, in which syllabic signs play a significant role. It is the... | What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms? | What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms? | [
"What writing system combined phonetic symbols and logograms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maya"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72564 | 5ad35625604f3c001a3fddcd | Dell | Dell was listed at number 51 in the Fortune 500 list, until 2014. After going private in 2013, the newly confidential nature of its financial information prevents the company from being ranked by Fortune. In 2014 it was the third largest PC vendor in the world after Lenovo and HP. Dell is currently the #1 shipper of PC... | Dell is currently the #2 shipper of what? | Dell is currently the #2 shipper of what? | [
"Dell is currently the #2 shipper of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7821 | 5726113689a1e219009ac1cd | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's crea... | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected? | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected? | [
"What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected?"
] | {
"text": [
"right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64045 | 5ace853932bba1001ae4a955 | Annelid | Most annelids have a pair of coelomata (body cavities) in each segment, separated from other segments by septa and from each other by vertical mesenteries. Each septum forms a sandwich with connective tissue in the middle and mesothelium (membrane that serves as a lining) from the preceding and following segments on ei... | What are annelids' body cavities separated from eyes by? | What are annelids' body cavities separated from eyes by? | [
"What are annelids' body cavities separated from eyes by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103751 | 572a4cf51d046914007798e3 | East_Prussia | A similar fate befell the Curonians who lived in the area around the Curonian Lagoon. While many fled from the Red Army during the evacuation of East Prussia, Curonians that remained behind were subsequently expelled by the Soviet Union. Only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as Frit... | Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958? | Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958? | [
"Where did most of the Curonians flee to in 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"West Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8637 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states ... | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted? | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted? | [
"On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 12, 1990"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94684 | 5726d8c15951b619008f7fcb | Queen_(band) | The band have released a total of eighteen number one albums, eighteen number one singles, and ten number one DVDs worldwide, making them one of the world's best-selling music artists. Queen have sold over 150 million records, with some estimates in excess of 300 million records worldwide, including 34.5 million albums... | How many number one DVD's has Queen released? | How many number one DVD's has Queen released? | [
"How many number one DVD's has Queen released?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105713 | 572ec92bdfa6aa1500f8d3b6 | Compact_disc | The Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of en... | How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take? | How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take? | [
"How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take?"
] | {
"text": [
"a year"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10239 | 56de23fe4396321400ee25e5 | Symbiosis | A further example is the goby fish, which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger the goby fish touches the shrimp... | What species does this shrimp have a relationship with? | What species does this shrimp have a relationship with? | [
"What species does this shrimp have a relationship with?"
] | {
"text": [
"the goby fish"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9888 | 572802a93acd2414000df217 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg... | What political philosophy did Nasser adopt? | What political philosophy did Nasser adopt? | [
"What political philosophy did Nasser adopt?"
] | {
"text": [
"positive neutralism"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17757 | 56cedd47aab44d1400b88b47 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Thomas Newman returned as Spectre's composer. Rather than composing the score once the film had moved into post-production, Newman worked during filming. The theatrical trailer released in July 2015 contained a rendition of John Barry's On Her Majesty's Secret Service theme. Mendes revealed that the final film would ha... | Who wrote the music for Spectre? | Who wrote the music for Spectre? | [
"Who wrote the music for Spectre?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Newman"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52619 | 5a3ae0923ff257001ab842de | Planck_constant | The theoretical difficulties arise from the fact that all of the methods except the X-ray crystal density method rely on the theoretical basis of the Josephson effect and the quantum Hall effect. If these theories are slightly inaccurate – though there is no evidence at present to suggest they are – the methods would n... | What effects are never relied on? | What effects are never relied on? | [
"What effects are never relied on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52240 | 572a7ed3f75d5e190021faf6 | Miami | This was also a period of alternatives to nightclubs, the warehouse party, acid house, rave and outdoor festival scenes of the late 1980s and early 1990s were havens for the latest trends in electronic dance music, especially house and its ever-more hypnotic, synthetic offspring techno and trance, in clubs like the inf... | Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ? | Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ? | [
"Who was the Warsaw Ballroom's house DJ?"
] | {
"text": [
"david padilla"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80023 | 5a62458cf8d794001af1bf1a | Samoa | The origins of the Samoans are closely studied in modern research about Polynesia in various scientific disciplines such as genetics, linguistics and anthropology. Scientific research is ongoing, although a number of different theories exist; including one proposing that the Samoans originated from Austronesian predece... | Whos origins are being studied in research about Melanesia? | Whos origins are being studied in research about Melanesia? | [
"Whos origins are being studied in research about Melanesia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21934 | 5acd60a507355d001abf3fc8 | Aircraft_carrier | There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t... | Who is Admiral Sir Mark Royal? | Who is Admiral Sir Mark Royal? | [
"Who is Admiral Sir Mark Royal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78677 | 5ad29b99d7d075001a429bd5 | Greeks | In ancient times, the trading and colonizing activities of the Greek tribes and city states spread the Greek culture, religion and language around the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, especially in Sicily and southern Italy (also known as Magna Grecia), Spain, the south of France and the Black sea coasts. Under Alex... | What period didn't mark the expansion of Greek thinking and expression? | What period didn't mark the expansion of Greek thinking and expression? | [
"What period didn't mark the expansion of Greek thinking and expression?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30299 | 5726b6dcf1498d1400e8e88c | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to a wide variety of religious practitioners. As of 2013, 46.41% of people in Raleigh are affiliated with a religion. The predominant religion in Raleigh is Christianity, with the largest numbers of adherents being Roman Catholic (11.3%), Baptist (10.85%), and Methodist (7.08%). Others include Presbyter... | How many people are affiliated with religion? | How many people are affiliated with religion? | [
"How many people are affiliated with religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"46.41% of people"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107155 | 5ace7b5432bba1001ae4a7ac | Hunting | Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over... | How much money has been spent to hire park rangers since 1934? | How much money has been spent to hire park rangers since 1934? | [
"How much money has been spent to hire park rangers since 1934?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109928 | 571007ebb654c5140001f75b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment? | What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment? | [
"What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws allowing capital punishment?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87163 | 570b17956b8089140040f70c | Videoconferencing | While videoconferencing technology was initially used primarily within internal corporate communication networks, one of the first community service usages of the technology started in 1992 through a unique partnership with PictureTel and IBM Corporations which at the time were promoting a jointly developed desktop bas... | What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on? | What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on? | [
"What is the videoconferencing product that both IBM and PictureTel worked on?"
] | {
"text": [
"PCS/1"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94850 | 57108ff2a58dae1900cd6a2c | Age_of_Enlightenment | The first scientific and literary journals were established during the Enlightenment. The first journal, the Parisian Journal des Sçavans, appeared in 1665. However, it was not until 1682 that periodicals began to be more widely produced. French and Latin were the dominant languages of publication, but there was also a... | During which movement were the first scientific and literary journals established? | During which movement were the first scientific and literary journals established? | [
"During which movement were the first scientific and literary journals established?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Enlightenment"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63892 | 5728052d4b864d190016424a | USB | IN and OUT tokens contain a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number (for multifunction devices) and command the device to transmit DATAx packets, or receive the following DATAx packets, respectively. An IN token expects a response from a device. The response may be a NAK or STALL response, or a DATAx frame... | IN and OUT tokens contain what? | IN and OUT tokens contain what? | [
"IN and OUT tokens contain what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a seven-bit device number and four-bit function number"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98951 | 57277739dd62a815002e9d8c | Turner_Classic_Movies | Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However,... | Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library? | Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library? | [
"Warner Bros. pictures before what year are part of the Turner Entertainment library?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45098 | 5ace35e132bba1001ae49e76 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville music publisher Tree International Publishing for more than $30 million. | ABC Records acquired what Nashville music publisher? | ABC Records acquired what Nashville music publisher? | [
"ABC Records acquired what Nashville music publisher?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96478 | 57276e1af1498d1400e8f7ea | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being cr... | Who was the person that tried Jesus? | Who was the person that tried Jesus? | [
"Who was the person that tried Jesus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pontius Pilate"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99656 | 56fb78ce8ddada1400cd6420 | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period? | Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period? | [
"Along with the horseshoe, what invention important for cavalry emerged in this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"the stirrup"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73489 | 56d3802e59d6e4140014657b | American_Idol | 23-year-old Candice Glover won the season with Kree Harrison taking the runner-up spot. Glover is the first female to win American Idol since Jordin Sparks. Glover released "I Am Beautiful" as a single while Harrison released "All Cried Out" immediately after the show. Glover sold poorly with her debut album, and this ... | What song did Kree Harrison first release after being on American Idol? | What song did Kree Harrison first release after being on American Idol? | [
"What song did Kree Harrison first release after being on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"All Cried Out"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105712 | 572ec92bdfa6aa1500f8d3b5 | Compact_disc | The Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of en... | Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s? | Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s? | [
"Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philips and Sony"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77021 | 5726822d5951b619008f750b | Dutch_language | Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opini... | What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch? | What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch? | [
"What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estuary English"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11651 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf83 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council? | Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council? | [
"Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"Salaad Gabeyre Kediye"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52040 | 5ad38194604f3c001a3fe486 | Miami | After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and... | From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1880s and 90s? | From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1880s and 90s? | [
"From what country did people notably emigrate to southern Florida in the 1880s and 90s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29343 | 5a565d366349e2001acdcd30 | Swaziland | In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and... | Who started carrying out Sazilands administration in 1906? | Who started carrying out Sazilands administration in 1906? | [
"Who started carrying out Sazilands administration in 1906?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81959 | 572a9ea734ae481900deabe3 | Royal_assent | In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, royal assent is granted or withheld either by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign, the governor-general. In federated realms, assent in each state, province, or territory is granted or withheld by the representatives of the sovereig... | In Commonwealth realms, who is the representative of the sovereign? | In Commonwealth realms, who is the representative of the sovereign? | [
"In Commonwealth realms, who is the representative of the sovereign?"
] | {
"text": [
"the governor-general"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56312 | 5a45824019a820001a1eda99 | Nonprofit_organization | The board of directors has ultimate control over the organization, but typically an executive director is hired. In some cases, the board is elected by a membership, but commonly, the board of directors is self-perpetuating. In these "board-only" organizations, board members nominate new members and vote on their fello... | How is the executive director commonly elected? | How is the executive director commonly elected? | [
"How is the executive director commonly elected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4453 | 56de5e5b4396321400ee285d | Institute_of_technology | Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-inte... | In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? | In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? | [
"In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1824"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24915 | 56cfee38234ae51400d9c0ef | New_York_City | Christianity (59%), particularly Catholicism (33%), was the most prevalently practiced religion in New York as of 2014, followed by Judaism, with approximately 1.1 million Jews in New York City, over half living in Brooklyn. Islam ranks third in New York City, with official estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,0... | Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City? | Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City? | [
"Half the population of Jews live in what borough of New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brooklyn"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4017 | 56bebba63aeaaa14008c930b | Beyoncé | The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyoncé's... | What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls? | What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls? | [
"What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls?"
] | {
"text": [
"feminism and female empowerment"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56067 | 56e7a21637bdd419002c42a2 | Arena_Football_League | In 2012, the AFL celebrated its silver anniversary for its 25th season of operations. The season kicked off on March 9, 2012. The Tulsa Talons moved to San Antonio, Texas and Jeffrey Vinik became owner of the Tampa Bay Storm. The Dallas Vigilantes were left off the schedule for the 2012 season with no announcement from... | To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate? | To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate? | [
"To what city did the Tulsa Talons relocate?"
] | {
"text": [
"San Antonio"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76778 | 572ac2a9be1ee31400cb821d | Philadelphia | The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS. The highest-rated stations in Ph... | Name the 3 public radio stations? | Name the 3 public radio stations? | [
"Name the 3 public radio stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16085 | 572eb947dfa6aa1500f8d322 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The son of an impoverished Bedouin goat herder, Gaddafi became involved in politics while at school in Sabha, subsequently enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Founding a revolutionary cell within the military, in 1969 they seized power from the absolute monarchy of King Idris in a bloodless coup. Becomin... | How did Gaddafi use all the money that resulted from nationalizing the oil industry? | How did Gaddafi use all the money that resulted from nationalizing the oil industry? | [
"How did Gaddafi use all the money that resulted from nationalizing the oil industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"to bolster the military, implement social programs and fund revolutionary militants across the world."
],
"answer_start": [
784
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32468 | 5ad2415cd7d075001a42895e | Antarctica | Positioned asymmetrically around the South Pole and largely south of the Antarctic Circle, Antarctica is the southernmost continent and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean; alternatively, it may be considered to be surrounded by the southern Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans, or by the southern waters of the World O... | What continent is largely north of the Antarctic Circle? | What continent is largely north of the Antarctic Circle? | [
"What continent is largely north of the Antarctic Circle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101384 | 5ad28abdd7d075001a4299c5 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's ... | Why did the Germans trust the soviet agenda? | Why did the Germans trust the soviet agenda? | [
"Why did the Germans trust the soviet agenda?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62763 | 5acd0acd07355d001abf321c | Pain | People with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the "neurotic triad"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to turn chronic, b... | What is the triad neurotic? | What is the triad neurotic? | [
"What is the triad neurotic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11085 | 5ad2eb36604f3c001a3fd9c7 | Anthropology | Economic anthropology attempts to explain human economic behavior in its widest historic, geographic and cultural scope. It has a complex relationship with the discipline of economics, of which it is highly critical. Its origins as a sub-field of anthropology begin with the Polish-British founder of Anthropology, Broni... | What alternative to gift-giving exchange did Mauss study? | What alternative to gift-giving exchange did Mauss study? | [
"What alternative to gift-giving exchange did Mauss study?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53676 | 5ad26f1dd7d075001a429412 | Dialect | The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language. | What are High German varieties often included with? | What are High German varieties often included with? | [
"What are High German varieties often included with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94151 | 5727afa43acd2414000de9ae | Cork_(city) | Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-... | What things show Corks diverse culural background? | What things show Corks diverse culural background? | [
"What things show Corks diverse culural background?"
] | {
"text": [
"multi-cultural restaurants and shops"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75453 | 572691b6f1498d1400e8e41d | Cubism | In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism. In other countries Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl developed in response to Cubism. Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present, the representation of diffe... | Which offshoot of cubism was influenced by Picasso? | Which offshoot of cubism was influenced by Picasso? | [
"Which offshoot of cubism was influenced by Picasso? "
] | {
"text": [
"Constructivism"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22147 | 5a7b5f4221c2de001afe9f8d | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that rese... | In what year was the reclassification program created? | In what year was the reclassification program created? | [
"In what year was the reclassification program created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111947 | 57279206f1498d1400e8fc73 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent v... | What did Darwin say that a "well marked variety" could be called? | What did Darwin say that a "well marked variety" could be called? | [
"What did Darwin say that a \"well marked variety\" could be called?"
] | {
"text": [
"incipient species\""
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112700 | 5aced94e32bba1001ae4b74e | United_States_Army | The army's most common vehicle is the High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), commonly called the Humvee, which is capable of serving as a cargo/troop carrier, weapons platform, and ambulance, among many other roles. While they operate a wide variety of combat support vehicles, one of the most common types ... | What is the HMMWA also known as? | What is the HMMWA also known as? | [
"What is the HMMWA also known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54359 | 56df20e5c65bf219000b3f7c | Christian | The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in mo... | Where is Nazareth located? | Where is Nazareth located? | [
"Where is Nazareth located?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67185 | 5727131c5951b619008f8583 | Nutrition | Some organizations have begun working with teachers, policymakers, and managed foodservice contractors to mandate improved nutritional content and increased nutritional resources in school cafeterias from primary to university level institutions. Health and nutrition have been proven to have close links with overall ed... | What are health and nutrition shown to have a link to in terms of education? | What are health and nutrition shown to have a link to in terms of education? | [
"What are health and nutrition shown to have a link to in terms of education?"
] | {
"text": [
"overall educational success"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55033 | 570a82684103511400d597be | Everton_F.C. | The Everton board finally ran out of patience with Smith and he was sacked in March 2002 after an FA Cup exit at Middlesbrough, with Everton in real danger of relegation. David Moyes, was his replacement and guided Everton to a safe finish in fifteenth place. In 2002–03 Everton finished seventh, their highest finish si... | When did the Everton club board fire Smith? | When did the Everton club board fire Smith? | [
"When did the Everton club board fire Smith?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40083 | 572b8670be1ee31400cb83fe | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connect... | What organization was responsible for the planting of several cherry blossom trees in 1973? | What organization was responsible for the planting of several cherry blossom trees in 1973? | [
"What organization was responsible for the planting of several cherry blossom trees in 1973?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Historic Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
847
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100385 | 56e10dbdcd28a01900c674e5 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The ranging signals are based on the CDMA principle and have complex structure typical of Galileo or modernized GPS. Similar to the other GNSS, there will be two levels of positioning service: open and restricted (military). The public service shall be available globally to general users. When all the currently planned... | How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use? | How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use? | [
"How many satellites will the COMPASS navigation system use?"
] | {
"text": [
"75+ satellites"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44937 | 56df11de3277331400b4d937 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in... | What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment? | What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment? | [
"What company is the only group larger than Sony Music Entertainment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal Music Group."
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35405 | 5726afd2dd62a815002e8cf9 | Gothic_architecture | The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulato... | What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as? | What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as? | [
"What is the ring of chapels found in the eastern end of French chapels known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"chevet"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75574 | 5726d8b6dd62a815002e9260 | Cubism | It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bear... | In what year was Du "Cubisme" published? | In what year was Du "Cubisme" published? | [
"In what year was Du \"Cubisme\" published? "
] | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83233 | 5ad246f8d7d075001a428b11 | Dominican_Order | As an adolescent, he had a particular love of theology and the Scriptures became the foundation of his spirituality. During his studies in Palencia, Spain, he experienced a dreadful famine, prompting Dominic to sell all of his beloved books and other equipment to help his neighbors. After he completed his studies, Bish... | What happened to Dominic during his studies in Paris, France? | What happened to Dominic during his studies in Paris, France? | [
"What happened to Dominic during his studies in Paris, France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61809 | 572a6ac17a1753140016af23 | Madrasa | Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it... | According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education? | According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education? | [
"According to Ibn Sina, at what age should children choose a direction for their education?"
] | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113860 | 56f980059e9bad19000a09dc | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The defence estate is divided as training areas & ranges (84.0%), research & development (5.4%), airfields (3.4%), barracks & camps (2.5%), storage & supply depots (1.6%), and other (3.0%). These are largely managed by the Defence Infrastructure Organisation. | Who manages the defence estate? | Who manages the defence estate? | [
"Who manages the defence estate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Defence Infrastructure Organisation"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27380 | 572f8c1fa23a5019007fc722 | Transistor | FETs are divided into two families: junction FET (JFET) and insulated gate FET (IGFET). The IGFET is more commonly known as a metal–oxide–semiconductor FET (MOSFET), reflecting its original construction from layers of metal (the gate), oxide (the insulation), and semiconductor. Unlike IGFETs, the JFET gate forms a p–n ... | What are the names of the groups of FETs | What are the names of the groups of FETs | [
"What are the names of the groups of FETs"
] | {
"text": [
"junction FET (JFET) and insulated gate FET (IGFET)"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38312 | 5a7d25cc70df9f001a874fd8 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What did the individuals later involve into? | What did the individuals later involve into? | [
"What did the individuals later involve into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15442 | 5706bbd52eaba6190074acc2 | Black_people | The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is... | When was the "black power" movement in Sindh? | When was the "black power" movement in Sindh? | [
"When was the \"black power\" movement in Sindh?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
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