gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-90713 | 573217e8e17f3d1400422680 | Pacific_War | U.S. submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at Cavite in the Philippines (1941–42); Fremantle and Brisbane, Australia; Pearl Harbor; Trincomalee, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam, played a major role in defeating Japan, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied n... | What happened to the Japanese fleet when nearly all oil imports were cut off? | What happened to the Japanese fleet when nearly all oil imports were cut off? | [
"What happened to the Japanese fleet when nearly all oil imports were cut off?"
] | {
"text": [
"virtually stranded"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89134 | 56dfb034231d4119001abc7b | Hunter-gatherer | Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant ... | What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment? | What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment? | [
"What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment?"
] | {
"text": [
"significant"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97914 | 5a8210e931013a001a335187 | Humanism | Renaissance humanism was an activity of cultural and educational reform engaged in by civic and ecclesiastical chancellors, book collectors, educators, and writers, who by the late fifteenth century began to be referred to as umanisti – "humanists". It developed during the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth ... | What was the main enemy of humanism during the Renaissance? | What was the main enemy of humanism during the Renaissance? | [
"What was the main enemy of humanism during the Renaissance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108035 | 5acd317907355d001abf38b6 | Estonian_language | Writings in Estonian became significant only in the 19th century with the spread of the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment, during the Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840). Although Baltic Germans at large regarded the future of Estonians as being a fusion with themselves, the Estophile educated class admired the ... | What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance? | What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance? | [
" What Age's ideas did not allow Estonian writings to gain significance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10393 | 56e01d2f231d4119001abf35 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical? | In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical? | [
"In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical?"
] | {
"text": [
"Punch"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53840 | 5ad27318d7d075001a4294ae | Dialect | Many historical linguists view any speech form as a dialect of the older medium of communication from which it developed.[citation needed] This point of view sees the modern Romance languages as dialects of Latin, modern Greek as a dialect of Ancient Greek, Tok Pisin as a dialect of English, and North Germanic as diale... | What do few historical linguists view any speech form as? | What do few historical linguists view any speech form as? | [
"What do few historical linguists view any speech form as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93996 | 572ea0bedfa6aa1500f8d220 | Cyprus | State schools are generally seen as equivalent in quality of education to private-sector institutions. However, the value of a state high-school diploma is limited by the fact that the grades obtained account for only around 25% of the final grade for each topic, with the remaining 75% assigned by the teacher during th... | What percentage do grades obtained account for in a students final grade? | What percentage do grades obtained account for in a students final grade? | [
"What percentage do grades obtained account for in a students final grade?"
] | {
"text": [
"25%"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107064 | 573605726c16ec1900b92903 | Hunting | Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotg... | Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out? | Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out? | [
"Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?"
] | {
"text": [
"beaters"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97688 | 56d3a2cd59d6e41400146849 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio... | In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called? | In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called? | [
"In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?"
] | {
"text": [
"rubato"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43177 | 5726488ddd62a815002e8070 | Poultry | Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both... | Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ? | Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ? | [
"Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ?"
] | {
"text": [
"they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids"
],
"answer_start": [
874
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71372 | 5727d3bb3acd2414000ded73 | Oklahoma | During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of f... | When did the Dust Bowl begin? | When did the Dust Bowl begin? | [
"When did the Dust Bowl begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88234 | 5a3cb166cc5d22001a521e53 | God | The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, as does Alvin Plantinga, that ... | What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid? | What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid? | [
"What two areas are used to say the arguments for God's existence are solid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97949 | 57328842b9988014000c7669 | Humanism | Polemics about humanism have sometimes assumed paradoxical twists and turns. Early 20th century critics such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, and T. S. Eliot considered humanism to be sentimental "slop" (Hulme)[citation needed] or "an old bitch gone in the teeth" (Pound) and wanted to go back to a more manly, authoritarian ... | Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism? | Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism? | [
"Who stated that this argument was in fact support of Humanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kate Soper"
],
"answer_start": [
1060
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77276 | 5a53c9d4bdaabd001a38671f | Armenians | Armenians constitute the main population of Armenia and the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. There is a wide-ranging diaspora of around 5 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry living outside of modern Armenia. The largest Armenian populations today exist in Russia, the United States, France... | Where have people from the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic immigrated to? | Where have people from the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic immigrated to? | [
"Where have people from the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic immigrated to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21355 | 56e6cf636fe0821900b8eb97 | Adult_contemporary_music | In response to the pressure on Hot AC, a new kind of AC format cropped up among American radio recently. The urban adult contemporary format (a term coined by Barry Mayo) usually attracts a large number of African Americans and sometimes Caucasian listeners through playing a great deal of R&B (without any form of rappi... | What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to? | What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to? | [
"What demographic group is the urban adult contemporary format marketed to?"
] | {
"text": [
"African Americans"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38611 | 570c0c53ec8fbc190045bc34 | FC_Barcelona | The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Fran... | What dictator's rule was Cruyff's reason for avoiding Real Madrid? | What dictator's rule was Cruyff's reason for avoiding Real Madrid? | [
"What dictator's rule was Cruyff's reason for avoiding Real Madrid?"
] | {
"text": [
"Francisco Franco"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13014 | 56dcf91c9a695914005b94ac | Republic_of_the_Congo | Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial". | What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor? | What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor? | [
"What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?"
] | {
"text": [
"corruption revelations"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41518 | 56cebbdeaab44d1400b8895b | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The earthquake left at least 5 million people without housing, although the number could be as high as 11 million. Millions of livestock and a significant amount of agriculture were also destroyed, including 12.5 million animals, mainly birds. In the Sichuan province a million pigs died out of 60 million total. Catastr... | How many animals were killed? | How many animals were killed? | [
"How many animals were killed?"
] | {
"text": [
"12.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69729 | 5ad49618ba00c4001a268ca4 | Windows_8 | New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versio... | What never happens during Hybrid Boot mode? | What never happens during Hybrid Boot mode? | [
"What never happens during Hybrid Boot mode?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100622 | 572d3ee8b297151900c7ce90 | Post-punk | During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointed... | Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label? | Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label? | [
"Who released Spiral Scratch on their own label?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buzzcocks"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25366 | 5acf9a7d77cf76001a685431 | Namibia | Uprisings and demands by African leaders led the UN to assume direct responsibility over the territory. It recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people in 1973. Namibia, however, remained under South African administration during this time as South... | In what region of Namibia is Walvis Bay? | In what region of Namibia is Walvis Bay? | [
"In what region of Namibia is Walvis Bay?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63204 | 5a7a4d4b17ab25001a8a049a | Czech_language | Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperf... | What two types of time measurement are there? | What two types of time measurement are there? | [
"What two types of time measurement are there?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15327 | 5706477d75f01819005e7af4 | Black_people | Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for "blackness" vary. For example, in North America the term bla... | Do all societies use the term "black" the same? | Do all societies use the term "black" the same? | [
"Do all societies use the term \"black\" the same?"
] | {
"text": [
"Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\""
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54586 | 570cf1b5fed7b91900d45b2d | Macintosh | In 1982, Regis McKenna was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh. Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and Andy Cunningham, who eventually led the Apple account for the agency. Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan. The... | Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982? | Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982? | [
"Who was brought in to shape the marketing of Macintosh in 1982?"
] | {
"text": [
"Regis McKenna"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16839 | 5725b83b271a42140099d0aa | Israel | After World War II, Britain found itself in intense conflict with the Jewish community over Jewish immigration limits, as well as continued conflict with the Arab community over limit levels. The Haganah joined Irgun and Lehi in an armed struggle against British rule. At the same time, hundreds of thousands of Jewish H... | When was the King David Hotel bombing? | When was the King David Hotel bombing? | [
"When was the King David Hotel bombing?"
] | {
"text": [
"1946"
],
"answer_start": [
622
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22015 | 5acd869307355d001abf459b | Aircraft_carrier | 1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte... | What is not another name for the French Navy? | What is not another name for the French Navy? | [
"What is not another name for the French Navy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95006 | 5710f431b654c5140001fa40 | Age_of_Enlightenment | These views on religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience, along with the social contract, became particularly influential in the American colonies and the drafting of the United States Constitution. Thomas Jefferson called for a "wall of separation between church and state" at the federal level. H... | Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document? | Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document? | [
"Religious tolerance and the importance of individual conscience was particularly influential in the drafting of which American document?"
] | {
"text": [
"the United States Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102469 | 5ad3c68d604f3c001a3ff02c | High-definition_television | Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous s... | Which format is typically used for internet distribution of SD video? | Which format is typically used for internet distribution of SD video? | [
"Which format is typically used for internet distribution of SD video?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93037 | 5733e4e7d058e614000b6500 | Tajikistan | As a landlocked country Tajikistan has no ports and the majority of transportation is via roads, air, and rail. In recent years Tajikistan has pursued agreements with Iran and Pakistan to gain port access in those countries via Afghanistan. In 2009, an agreement was made between Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan to... | What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way? | What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way? | [
"What countries did Tajikistan agree with to build a highway and a rail way?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tajikistan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74872 | 570e808e0b85d914000d7f61 | Melbourne | At the time of Australia's federation on 1 January 1901, Melbourne became the seat of government of the federation. The first federal parliament was convened on 9 May 1901 in the Royal Exhibition Building, subsequently moving to the Victorian Parliament House where it was located until 1927, when it was moved to Canber... | On what date was the first federal parliament convened? | On what date was the first federal parliament convened? | [
"On what date was the first federal parliament convened?"
] | {
"text": [
"9 May 1901"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109785 | 570fd8a15ab6b81900391076 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their ... | What color was Alabama's electric chair? | What color was Alabama's electric chair? | [
"What color was Alabama's electric chair?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14707 | 5730938d069b5314008321a0 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead was unimpressed by this objection. In the notes of one his students for a 1927 class, Whitehead was quoted as saying: "Every scientific man in order to preserve his reputation has to say he dislikes metaphysics. What he means is he dislikes having his metaphysics criticized." In Whitehead's view, scientists a... | What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy? | What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy? | [
"What did Whitehead regard as essential to good science and good philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [
"metaphysical investigations"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67858 | 5ad417ee604f3c001a4003cd | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm throug... | How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1998? | How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1998? | [
"How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1998?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8341 | 5a7cca31e8bc7e001a9e2026 | Thuringia | Of the approximately 850 municipalities of Thuringia, 126 are classed as towns (within a district) or cities (forming their own urban district). Most of the towns are small with a population of less than 10,000; only the ten biggest ones have a population greater than 30,000. The first towns emerged during the 12th cen... | What was the latest a town was demolished in Thuringia? | What was the latest a town was demolished in Thuringia? | [
"What was the latest a town was demolished in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101109 | 5726d013dd62a815002e910c | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that... | The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up? | The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up? | [
"The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79849 | 5706324275f01819005e7a6d | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | When 192 samples are taken instead of 576, it is done in an effort to limit what? | When 192 samples are taken instead of 576, it is done in an effort to limit what? | [
"When 192 samples are taken instead of 576, it is done in an effort to limit what?"
] | {
"text": [
"temporal spread"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14636 | 573324c9d058e614000b572c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | At the time structures such as Lie algebras and hyperbolic quaternions drew attention to the need to expand algebraic structures beyond the associatively multiplicative class. In a review Alexander Macfarlane wrote: "The main idea of the work is not unification of the several methods, nor generalization of ordinary alg... | What was G.B. Matthew's opinion of "A Treatise on Algebra"? | What was G.B. Matthew's opinion of "A Treatise on Algebra"? | [
"What was G.B. Matthew's opinion of \"A Treatise on Algebra\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"It possesses a unity of design which is really remarkable, considering the variety of its themes.\""
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38746 | 570c59fcfed7b91900d458fe | FC_Barcelona | In the 2005–06 season, Barcelona repeated their league and Supercup successes. The pinnacle of the league season arrived at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in a 3–0 win over Real Madrid. It was Frank Rijkaard's second victory at the Bernabéu, making him the first Barcelona manager to win there twice. Ronaldinho's perform... | What recognition did Ronaldinho's second goal receive at Bernabeu? | What recognition did Ronaldinho's second goal receive at Bernabeu? | [
"What recognition did Ronaldinho's second goal receive at Bernabeu?"
] | {
"text": [
"standing ovation"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13033 | 5ad013da77cf76001a6868f0 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels. | How many large private television channels were there? | How many large private television channels were there? | [
"How many large private television channels were there?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80426 | 572fdb47947a6a140053cd58 | Bacteria | The Gram stain, developed in 1884 by Hans Christian Gram, characterises bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the "Gram-positive" cell wall stain purple, while the thin "Gram-negative" cell wall appears pink. By combining morphology and Gram-staining,... | What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained? | What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained? | [
"What color do Gram positive bacteria cell walls turn to after being stained?"
] | {
"text": [
"purple"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78016 | 572814623acd2414000df3fa | Strasbourg | The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse... | Where is the Opera House located? | Where is the Opera House located? | [
"Where is the Opera House located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Place Broglie"
],
"answer_start": [
843
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83131 | 56ded1eac65bf219000b3d4e | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | In 1992, Schwarzenegger and his wife opened a restaurant in Santa Monica called Schatzi On Main. Schatzi literally means "little treasure," colloquial for "honey" or "darling" in German. In 1998, he sold his restaurant. | Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located? | Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located? | [
"Where is the Schwarzenegger restaurant located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santa Monica"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48777 | 5aceaefe32bba1001ae4b033 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (/ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/; Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας, Athanásios Alexandrías; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). His e... | For how many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria a pope? | For how many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria a pope? | [
" For how many years was Saint Athanasius of Alexandria a pope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115467 | 56eab0855a205f1900d6d40e | Political_corruption | Extensive and diverse public spending is, in itself, inherently at risk of cronyism, kickbacks, and embezzlement. Complicated regulations and arbitrary, unsupervised official conduct exacerbate the problem. This is one argument for privatization and deregulation. Opponents of privatization see the argument as ideologic... | The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what? | The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what? | [
"The potential for corruption in public spending are one of the arguments that favor what?"
] | {
"text": [
"privatization and deregulation"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89409 | 5a14dad6a54d420018529389 | Great_power | In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no... | What do academics believe contemporary great powers remain? | What do academics believe contemporary great powers remain? | [
"What do academics believe contemporary great powers remain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106527 | 5726215989a1e219009ac2c9 | Hellenistic_period | The focus on the Hellenistic period over the course of the 19th century by scholars and historians has led to an issue common to the study of historical periods; historians see the period of focus as a mirror of the period in which they are living. Many 19th century scholars contended that the Hellenistic period repres... | How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period? | How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period? | [
"How did 19th century scholars view the Hellenistic period?"
] | {
"text": [
"a mirror"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38498 | 5acd143307355d001abf339b | Materialism | The German materialist and atheist anthropologist Ludwig Feuerbach would signal a new turn in materialism through his book, The Essence of Christianity (1841), which provided a humanist account of religion as the outward projection of man's inward nature. Feuerbach's materialism would later heavily influence Karl Marx. | When was Ludwig Feuerbach born? | When was Ludwig Feuerbach born? | [
"When was Ludwig Feuerbach born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17754 | 5ad23f8fd7d075001a4288f5 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secur... | The film received tax support over what amount? | The film received tax support over what amount? | [
"The film received tax support over what amount?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31721 | 570d8ff5b3d812140066da37 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | All armies soon deployed AA guns often based on their smaller field pieces, notably the French 75 mm and Russian 76.2 mm, typically simply propped up on some sort of embankment to get the muzzle pointed skyward. The British Army adopted the 13-pounder quickly producing new mountings suitable for AA use, the 13-pdr QF 6... | Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode? | Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode? | [
"Where did most rounds shot at aircraft usually explode?"
] | {
"text": [
"well below their targets"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20187 | 5733c3184776f419006611c4 | University_of_Notre_Dame | On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching ba... | When did the Notre Dame marching band form? | When did the Notre Dame marching band form? | [
"When did the Notre Dame marching band form?"
] | {
"text": [
"1846"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111099 | 5a81f74231013a001a334fed | Group_(mathematics) | A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three... | What is called the order of the group? | What is called the order of the group? | [
"What is called the order of the group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77751 | 57268ad3708984140094c981 | British_Empire | Following the defeat of Japan in the Second World War, anti-Japanese resistance movements in Malaya turned their attention towards the British, who had moved to quickly retake control of the colony, valuing it as a source of rubber and tin. The fact that the guerrillas were primarily Malayan-Chinese Communists meant th... | When did Brunei get its independence? | When did Brunei get its independence? | [
"When did Brunei get its independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"1984"
],
"answer_start": [
1078
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107367 | 5aceaf9432bba1001ae4b059 | Hunting | In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, t... | What happened to antelope in Uganda? | What happened to antelope in Uganda? | [
"What happened to antelope in Uganda?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31496 | 57295f556aef051400154da7 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What movement came out of the French Revolution? | What movement came out of the French Revolution? | [
"What movement came out of the French Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nationalism"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53532 | 56e81f4f37bdd419002c443f | Dialect | A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are c... | Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety? | Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety? | [
"Along with slangs, patois and pidgins, what is another type of smiilar speech variety?"
] | {
"text": [
"argots"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4561 | 5a61055ae9e1cc001a33ce44 | Pope_John_XXIII | Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, the Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although he was the archbishop of one of the most ancient and prominent sees in Italy, he had not yet been made a cardinal. Though his absence from the 1958 conclave did not make him ineligible – under Canon Law any Catho... | Where did the College of Cardinals choose the Archbishop of Milan from? | Where did the College of Cardinals choose the Archbishop of Milan from? | [
"Where did the College of Cardinals choose the Archbishop of Milan from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50545 | 572eaf62cb0c0d14000f1482 | Neptune | From July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25% the mass of Tri... | When was Neptune's moon Larissa discovered? | When was Neptune's moon Larissa discovered? | [
"When was Neptune's moon Larissa discovered? "
] | {
"text": [
"1981"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16885 | 5725bcfc38643c19005acc2d | Israel | In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of th... | When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated? | When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated? | [
"When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 1995"
],
"answer_start": [
854
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71612 | 56f8e7d39e9bad19000a06e9 | Near_East | The populations of those lands did not accept Turkish rule. The Turks to them were foreigners with completely different customs, way of life, and language. Intervals when there was no unrest were rare. The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by 1688. Serbia was created by the Serbian Revolution, 1815–1833. The Greek... | The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? | The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? | [
"The Hungarians had thrown off Turkish rule by what year? "
] | {
"text": [
"1688"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29623 | 570c4b18b3d812140066d08a | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ... | Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary? | Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary? | [
"Which goddess was worshipped in Ephesus before Mary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Artemis"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100729 | 572f781404bcaa1900d769b7 | Post-punk | Also emerging during this period was New York's no wave movement, a short-lived art and music scene that began in part as a reaction against punk's recycling of traditionalist rock tropes and often reflected an abrasive, confrontational and nihilistic worldview. No wave musicians such as the Contortions, Teenage Jesus ... | What types of musicians were the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham? | What types of musicians were the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham? | [
"What types of musicians were the Contortions, Teenage Jesus and the Jerks, Mars, DNA, Theoretical Girls and Rhys Chatham?"
] | {
"text": [
"No wave"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22666 | 5a12520e6614be00188f24ef | Exhibition_game | It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S... | What kind of exhibition game is still popular between major and minor league teams? | What kind of exhibition game is still popular between major and minor league teams? | [
"What kind of exhibition game is still popular between major and minor league teams?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34877 | 5a21cc658a6e4f001aa08ece | Political_philosophy | World War I was a watershed event in human history, changing views of governments and politics. The Russian Revolution of 1917 (and similar, albeit less successful, revolutions in many other European countries) brought communism - and in particular the political theory of Leninism, but also on a smaller level Luxemburg... | What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced? | What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced? | [
"What did social democratic parties do after communism was introduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114595 | 5ad24351d7d075001a4289e4 | Emotion | Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani... | What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called? | What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called? | [
" What are intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33894 | 5ad405aa604f3c001a3ffe24 | Alaska | Of the remaining land area, the state of Alaska owns 101 million acres (41 million hectares), its entitlement under the Alaska Statehood Act. A portion of that acreage is occasionally ceded to organized boroughs, under the statutory provisions pertaining to newly formed boroughs. Smaller portions are set aside for rura... | How many acres of its land does the state of Alaska rent? | How many acres of its land does the state of Alaska rent? | [
"How many acres of its land does the state of Alaska rent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63310 | 5725c0c789a1e219009abde8 | Buckingham_Palace | The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furni... | What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII? | What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII? | [
"What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII?"
] | {
"text": [
"Belle Époque cream and gold"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45362 | 5a6118dbe9e1cc001a33cef5 | Sahara | People lived on the edge of the desert thousands of years ago since the last ice age. The Sahara was then a much wetter place than it is today. Over 30,000 petroglyphs of river animals such as crocodiles survive, with half found in the Tassili n'Ajjer in southeast Algeria. Fossils of dinosaurs, including Afrovenator, J... | When was the first dinosaur fossil found? | When was the first dinosaur fossil found? | [
"When was the first dinosaur fossil found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66966 | 5726abdb5951b619008f799a | Nutrition | Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDs or RDNs) are health professionals qualified to provide safe, evidence-based dietary advice which includes a review of what is eaten, a thorough review of nutritional health, and a personalized nutritional treatment plan. They also provide preventive and therapeutic programs at wo... | Who offers dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic diseases? | Who offers dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic diseases? | [
"Who offers dietary advice on the role of nutrition in chronic diseases?"
] | {
"text": [
"Certified Clinical Nutritionists"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12209 | 56e16a5ecd28a01900c678c0 | Universal_Studios | In late 2005, Viacom's Paramount Pictures acquired DreamWorks SKG after acquisition talks between GE and DreamWorks stalled. Universal's long time chairperson, Stacey Snider, left the company in early 2006 to head up DreamWorks. Snider was replaced by then-Vice Chairman Marc Shmuger and Focus Features head David Linde.... | Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing? | Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing? | [
"Who was the founder of Universal Partnerships & Licensing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stephanie Sperber"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15383 | 5706939352bb891400689a95 | Black_people | The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria in the Population Registration Act of 1945 to determine who belonged in which group. Minor officials administered tests to enforce the classifications. When it was unclear from a person's physical appearance whether the individual should be consid... | What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black? | What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black? | [
"What test was used to determine if someone was coloured or black?"
] | {
"text": [
"pencil test"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82378 | 56e6fd9cde9d371400068112 | Daylight_saving_time | New Zealander George Hudson proposed the modern idea of daylight saving in 1895. Germany and Austria-Hungary organized the first nationwide implementation, starting on 30 April 1916. Many countries have used it at various times since then, particularly since the energy crisis of the 1970s. | Who first suggested daylight saving? | Who first suggested daylight saving? | [
"Who first suggested daylight saving?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Hudson"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48627 | 5a85e58cb4e223001a8e7294 | War_on_Terror | Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Sec... | What did Colin Powell testify in 2006? | What did Colin Powell testify in 2006? | [
"What did Colin Powell testify in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6206 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c81 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Dea... | Which dramatic form was created around 1400? | Which dramatic form was created around 1400? | [
"Which dramatic form was created around 1400?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morality plays"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77896 | 5acd5db107355d001abf3f1d | Strasbourg | This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Ed... | What nationality did the French fight in the War of the Reunions? | What nationality did the French fight in the War of the Reunions? | [
"What nationality did the French fight in the War of the Reunions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28738 | 5ad35451604f3c001a3fdd79 | Pharmaceutical_industry | By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extra... | Who developed the method to obtain Primatene in a pure state? | Who developed the method to obtain Primatene in a pure state? | [
"Who developed the method to obtain Primatene in a pure state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1013 | 5a847e9c7cf838001a46a881 | Endangered_Species_Act | Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) are required to create an Endangered Species Recovery Plan outlining the goals, tasks required, likely costs, and estimated timeline to recover endangered species (i.e., increase their numbers and improve their management to the point where th... | Who requires the FWS to have a completion policy? | Who requires the FWS to have a completion policy? | [
"Who requires the FWS to have a completion policy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46453 | 5ad0a760645df0001a2cffb6 | Department_store | The Grands Magasins Dufayel was a huge department store with inexpensive prices built in 1890 in the northern part of Paris, where it reached a very large new customer base in the working class. In a neighborhood with few public spaces, it provided a consumer version of the public square. It educated workers to approac... | How were these stores the same as most during that time? | How were these stores the same as most during that time? | [
"How were these stores the same as most during that time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111559 | 5acd707407355d001abf424a | Education | Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themse... | Where does education never take place under? | Where does education never take place under? | [
"Where does education never take place under?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19957 | 573382a14776f41900660c2e | University_of_Notre_Dame | The University of Notre Dame du Lac (or simply Notre Dame /ˌnoʊtərˈdeɪm/ NOH-tər-DAYM) is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means "Our Lady of the Lake" and refers to the university's patron saint, the Virgin Mary. The main campus ... | What type of institution is the Notre Dame? | What type of institution is the Notre Dame? | [
"What type of institution is the Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholic research university"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91742 | 57276430dd62a815002e9c07 | Botany | The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others. There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves. The algal division Charophyta, sister to th... | What algae is the ancestor of true plants? | What algae is the ancestor of true plants? | [
"What algae is the ancestor of true plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charophyta"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61507 | 5727fe9a2ca10214002d9add | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Sebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British and French historians stating 1497), the feast ... | Where is the Bay of Pasaia located? | Where is the Bay of Pasaia located? | [
"Where is the Bay of Pasaia located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basque Country"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38868 | 5a2c4f74bfd06b001a5aeb15 | Serbo-Croatian | Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,... | What kind of phonology does Serbian Cyrillic have? | What kind of phonology does Serbian Cyrillic have? | [
"What kind of phonology does Serbian Cyrillic have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77160 | 56df5ca18bc80c19004e4b1b | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administration... | UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion? | UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion? | [
"UNFPA has been accused of supporting what type of abortion?"
] | {
"text": [
"forced-abortions"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13312 | 56e79a5837bdd419002c4205 | Nanjing | Nanjing borders Yangzhou to the northeast, one town downstream when following the north bank of the Yangtze, Zhenjiang to the east, one town downstream when following the south bank of the Yangtze, and Changzhou to the southeast. On its western boundary is Anhui province, where Nanjing borders five prefecture-level cit... | What province is to the west of Nanjing? | What province is to the west of Nanjing? | [
"What province is to the west of Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anhui province"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41632 | 56cec5d1aab44d1400b88a23 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The earthquake was the worst to strike the Sichuan area in over 30 years. Following the quake, experts and the general public sought information on whether or not the earthquake could have been predicted in advance, and whether or not studying statistics related to the quake could result in better prediction of earthqu... | How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude? | How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude? | [
"How long had it been since an earthquake of similar magnitude?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 30 years"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92249 | 5a4ffdd199b975001ade80c1 | Asthma | Although asthma is a chronic obstructive condition, it is not considered as a part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as this term refers specifically to combinations of disease that are irreversible such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Unlike these diseases, the airway obstruction in asthma... | What diseases are examples of airway remodeling? | What diseases are examples of airway remodeling? | [
"What diseases are examples of airway remodeling?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70866 | 5731e292b9d445190005e624 | Bird | Calls are used for a variety of purposes, including mate attraction, evaluation of potential mates, bond formation, the claiming and maintenance of territories, the identification of other individuals (such as when parents look for chicks in colonies or when mates reunite at the start of breeding season), and the warni... | Which birds drum territorially? | Which birds drum territorially? | [
"Which birds drum territorially?"
] | {
"text": [
"woodpeckers"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92491 | 5730ff8ba5e9cc1400cdbb80 | United_States_Air_Force | Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer t... | How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF? | How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF? | [
"How long is the training for Explosive Ordnance Disposal in the USAF?"
] | {
"text": [
"one year of training with a preliminary school"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43728 | 56cf5f6daab44d1400b89163 | Kanye_West | West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He star... | What was Kanye creating when he was five? | What was Kanye creating when he was five? | [
"What was Kanye creating when he was five?"
] | {
"text": [
"poetry"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13891 | 5a832af9e60761001a2eb49a | BBC_Television | Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?] | The Coldfield Birmingham transmitting station helped cover what area in 1949? | The Coldfield Birmingham transmitting station helped cover what area in 1949? | [
"The Coldfield Birmingham transmitting station helped cover what area in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94700 | 5726dd46f1498d1400e8edd2 | Queen_(band) | Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue. DVD releases of their 1986 Wembley concert (titled Live at Wembley Stadium), 1982 Milton Keynes concert (Queen on Fire – Live at the Bowl), and two Greatest Video Hits (Volumes... | Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects? | Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects? | [
"Which band members were involved in the restoration of Queen's prior projects?"
] | {
"text": [
"May and Taylor"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1401 | 5731408a05b4da19006bcf41 | Mosaic | In Rome, Nero and his architects used mosaics to cover some surfaces of walls and ceilings in the Domus Aurea, built 64 AD, and wall mosaics are also found at Pompeii and neighbouring sites. However it seems that it was not until the Christian era that figural wall mosaics became a major form of artistic expression. Th... | When did figure wall mosaics become the highest form of artistic expression? | When did figure wall mosaics become the highest form of artistic expression? | [
"When did figure wall mosaics become the highest form of artistic expression?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Christian era"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20843 | 56dd25349a695914005b950c | Prime_minister | The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the m... | Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet? | Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet? | [
"Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?"
] | {
"text": [
"the monarch"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73594 | 56db410fe7c41114004b4fc5 | American_Idol | American Idol premiered in June 2002 and became the surprise summer hit show of 2002. The first show drew 9.9 million viewers, giving Fox the best viewing figure for the 8.30 pm spot in over a year. The audience steadily grew, and by finale night, the audience had averaged 23 million, with more than 40 million watching... | When did American Idol premiere? | When did American Idol premiere? | [
"When did American Idol premiere?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 2002"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61723 | 572a5ec3fed8de19000d5bb1 | Madrasa | Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to... | What are the origins of the word madrasa? | What are the origins of the word madrasa? | [
"What are the origins of the word madrasa?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabic"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74995 | 572eb3abdfa6aa1500f8d2d5 | Elevator | In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator opera... | How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? | How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? | [
"How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? "
] | {
"text": [
"by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14399 | 572f6dde04bcaa1900d76941 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bóshì 博士) ... | How many students were in the Imperial University by the second century? | How many students were in the Imperial University by the second century? | [
"How many students were in the Imperial University by the second century?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
1057
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40991 | 5726e5995951b619008f81bb | Predation | It has been observed that well-fed predator animals in a lax captivity (for instance, pet or farm animals) will usually differentiate between putative prey animals who are familiar co-inhabitants in the same human area from wild ones outside the area. This interaction can range from peaceful coexistence to close compan... | Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group? | Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group? | [
"Captive animals can distinguish co-inhabitats from what other group?"
] | {
"text": [
"wild ones outside the area"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66433 | 57288b974b864d1900164a8d | Brigham_Young_University | In 2009, the university's Marriott School of Management received a No. 5 ranking by BusinessWeek for its undergraduate programs, and its MBA program was ranked by several sources: No. 22 ranking by BusinessWeek, No. 16 by Forbes, and No. 29 by U.S. News & World Report. Among regional schools the MBA program was ranked ... | Who ranked BYU's MBA program No. 1 among regional schools in 2007? | Who ranked BYU's MBA program No. 1 among regional schools in 2007? | [
"Who ranked BYU's MBA program No. 1 among regional schools in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Wall Street Journal"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46729 | 57267b57708984140094c794 | Department_store | Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail... | What demographic were most stores focusing on? | What demographic were most stores focusing on? | [
"What demographic were most stores focusing on?"
] | {
"text": [
"middle-class audience"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
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