gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-47533 | 572fc225a23a5019007fc9a2 | Armenia | On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on normalisation of relationships, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The ratification of those had to be made in the national parliaments. In Armenia it passed through the required by legislation approval of the ... | Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border? | Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border? | [
"Who made it difficult to ratify the protocols to reopen the Armenian/Turkey border?"
] | {
"text": [
"Turkey"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51918 | 570c62e8fed7b91900d45977 | John,_King_of_England | Within a few months of John's return, rebel barons in the north and east of England were organising resistance to his rule. John held a council in London in January 1215 to discuss potential reforms and sponsored discussions in Oxford between his agents and the rebels during the spring. John appears to have been playin... | John announced his intent to become what? | John announced his intent to become what? | [
"John announced his intent to become what?"
] | {
"text": [
"a crusader"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9475 | 5a6bba8a4eec6b001a80a557 | Myocardial_infarction | Some risk factors for death include age, hemodynamic parameters (such as heart failure, cardiac arrest on admission, systolic blood pressure, or Killip class of two or greater), ST-segment deviation, diabetes, serum creatinine, peripheral vascular disease, and elevation of cardiac markers. Assessment of left ventricula... | What are some examples of ST-segment deviation? | What are some examples of ST-segment deviation? | [
"What are some examples of ST-segment deviation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34703 | 5a1dab724ea40d0018b06f89 | Political_philosophy | Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oli... | What originated with Western philosophy? | What originated with Western philosophy? | [
"What originated with Western philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57372 | 5a544e99134fea001a0e170a | Muslim_world | Literacy rate in the Muslim world varies. Some members such as Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan have over 97% literacy rates, whereas literacy rates are the lowest in Mali, Afghanistan, Chad and parts of Africa. In 2015, the International Islamic News Agency reported that nearly 37% of the population of ... | What is over 97% across the Muslim world? | What is over 97% across the Muslim world? | [
"What is over 97% across the Muslim world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50012 | 5a81f32e31013a001a334fc8 | Phonology | The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as "the study of sound pertaining to the system of la... | A distinction was drawn between phonology and what? | A distinction was drawn between phonology and what? | [
"A distinction was drawn between phonology and what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7739 | 5a18da649aa02b0018605ee8 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | What dialect is the Avesta language from? | What dialect is the Avesta language from? | [
"What dialect is the Avesta language from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93585 | 5728acd92ca10214002da5a1 | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River? | When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River? | [
"When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 July"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106115 | 5725b74c271a42140099d08b | Hellenistic_period | "Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in hi... | In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what? | In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what? | [
"In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hellenism"
],
"answer_start": [
708
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6388 | 572810633acd2414000df386 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 launched in North America with 14 titles, with another three being released before the end of 2006. After the first week of sales it was confirmed that Resistance: Fall of Man from Insomniac Games was the top-selling launch game in North America. The game was heavily praised by numerous video game website... | What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm? | What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm? | [
"What's the name of the sequel game to MotorStorm?"
] | {
"text": [
"MotorStorm: Pacific Rift"
],
"answer_start": [
1116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94706 | 5726dff0dd62a815002e938b | Queen_(band) | Queen contributed music directly to the films Flash Gordon (1980), with "Flash" as the theme song, and Highlander (the original 1986 film), with "A Kind of Magic", "One Year of Love", "Who Wants to Live Forever", "Hammer to Fall", and the theme "Princes of the Universe", which was also used as the theme of the Highland... | Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song? | Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song? | [
"Which 1986 movie contained a Queen theme song?"
] | {
"text": [
"Highlander"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107390 | 5a622e60f8d794001af1beae | Royal_Dutch_Shell | In February 1907, the Royal Dutch Shell Group was created through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd of the United Kingdom. It was a move largely driven by the need to compete globally with Standard Oil. The Roy... | What was the name of Marcus Samuel's father's antique company? | What was the name of Marcus Samuel's father's antique company? | [
"What was the name of Marcus Samuel's father's antique company?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10692 | 56fdc6e7761e401900d28be0 | Computer | The Antikythera mechanism is believed to be the earliest mechanical analog "computer", according to Derek J. de Solla Price. It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to circa... | Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901? | Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901? | [
"Where was the Antikythera mechanism found in 1901?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79746 | 57061edc75f01819005e79ac | MP3 | The immediate predecessors of MP3 were "Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain" (OCF), and Perceptual Transform Coding (PXFM). These two codecs, along with block-switching contributions from Thomson-Brandt, were merged into a codec called ASPEC, which was submitted to MPEG, and which won the quality competition, but th... | What does OCF stand for? | What does OCF stand for? | [
"What does OCF stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Optimum Coding in the Frequency Domain"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30147 | 5726addcdd62a815002e8cbe | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate ca... | Why did the city not grow during the Civil War? | Why did the city not grow during the Civil War? | [
"Why did the city not grow during the Civil War?"
] | {
"text": [
"a state economy based on agriculture,"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36337 | 5ace939432bba1001ae4aaad | Printed_circuit_board | The cloth or fiber material used, resin material, and the cloth to resin ratio determine the laminate's type designation (FR-4, CEM-1, G-10, etc.) and therefore the characteristics of the laminate produced. Important characteristics are the level to which the laminate is fire retardant, the dielectric constant (er), th... | What determine's the silver's type designation? | What determine's the silver's type designation? | [
"What determine's the silver's type designation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43345 | 5a8613dab4e223001a8e745a | Poultry | Poultry meat and eggs provide nutritionally beneficial food containing protein of high quality. This is accompanied by low levels of fat which have a favourable mix of fatty acids. Chicken meat contains about two to three times as much polyunsaturated fat as most types of red meat when measured by weight. However, for ... | What meat's protein is the lowest quality? | What meat's protein is the lowest quality? | [
"What meat's protein is the lowest quality?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96458 | 5729068e1d04691400778f91 | Paris | Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squar... | When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built? | When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built? | [
"When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94495 | 57267a69dd62a815002e8679 | Queen_(band) | After the band's six-night stand at New York's Uris Theatre in May 1974, Brian May collapsed and was diagnosed as having hepatitis. While recuperating, May was initially absent when the band started work on their third album, but he returned midway through the recording process. Released in 1974, Sheer Heart Attack rea... | Queen's Sheer Heart Attack reached what number on the United Kingdom charts? | Queen's Sheer Heart Attack reached what number on the United Kingdom charts? | [
"Queen's Sheer Heart Attack reached what number on the United Kingdom charts?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109681 | 5728f95d6aef05140015490c | Samurai | Traits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or in-laws that ma... | What defined the samurais' code? | What defined the samurais' code? | [
"What defined the samurais' code?"
] | {
"text": [
"Confucian law"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75445 | 5acfc70077cf76001a685ed6 | Cubism | The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézan... | What movement did Picasso not participate in? | What movement did Picasso not participate in? | [
"What movement did Picasso not participate in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92552 | 573126bbe6313a140071cc92 | United_States_Air_Force | The service's B-2A aircraft entered service in the 1990s, its B-1B aircraft in the 1980s and its current B-52H aircraft in the early 1960s. The B-52 Stratofortress airframe design is over 60 years old and the B-52H aircraft currently in the active inventory were all built between 1960 and 1962. The B-52H is scheduled t... | What aircraft in the USAF was introduced in the 1960s? | What aircraft in the USAF was introduced in the 1960s? | [
"What aircraft in the USAF was introduced in the 1960s?"
] | {
"text": [
"B-52H"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54176 | 5ad3eba0604f3c001a3ff732 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Major air bases are located in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland and Labrador, while administrative and command and control facilities are located in Winnipeg and North Bay. A Canadian component of the NATO Airborne Early Warning Force is also based at NAT... | What non-NATO force are the Canadians part of? | What non-NATO force are the Canadians part of? | [
" What non-NATO force are the Canadians part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101763 | 56d9e6b9dc89441400fdb8e2 | Dog | In conformation shows, also referred to as breed shows, a judge familiar with the specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for conformity with their established breed type as described in the breed standard. As the breed standard only deals with the externally observable qualities of the dog (such as appea... | What is another word for "breed shows"? | What is another word for "breed shows"? | [
"What is another word for \"breed shows\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"conformation shows."
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100230 | 5acd30f207355d001abf389a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The second generation of the system, officially called the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and also known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, will be a global satellite navigation system consisting of 35 satellites, and is under construction as of January 2015[update]. It became operational in China in December 2011, with... | Which system is under construction until May 2017? | Which system is under construction until May 2017? | [
"Which system is under construction until May 2017? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51472 | 5a580041770dc0001aeeff2f | Empiricism | John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that rea... | Why is basic thought crucial to Dewey's theory? | Why is basic thought crucial to Dewey's theory? | [
"Why is basic thought crucial to Dewey's theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11829 | 56faeae4f34c681400b0c198 | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | What type of meat is never present in halal dishes? | What type of meat is never present in halal dishes? | [
"What type of meat is never present in halal dishes?"
] | {
"text": [
"pork"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54859 | 570d2bfafed7b91900d45ca1 | Macintosh | The sales breakdown of the Macintosh have seen sales of desktop Macs stayed mostly constant while being surpassed by that of Mac notebooks whose sales rate has grown considerably; seven out of ten Macs sold were laptops in 2009, a ratio projected to rise to three out of four by 2010. The change in sales of form factors... | What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered? | What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered? | [
"What is the name of the most inexpensive Mac offered?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mac Mini"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73106 | 56daf8e2e7c41114004b4bd9 | American_Idol | The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13. Starting season ten, the girls an... | What season saw the return of the Wild Card round? | What season saw the return of the Wild Card round? | [
"What season saw the return of the Wild Card round?"
] | {
"text": [
"season eight"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105092 | 5729690daf94a219006aa3b9 | Palermo | Palermo has at least 2 circuits of City Walls - many pieces of which still survive. The first circuit surrounded the ancient core of the punic City - the so-called Palaeopolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neopolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east-west through this early walled city. The easter... | On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city? | On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city? | [
"On what road was the eastern edge of the walled city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Via Roma"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76958 | 57266b04f1498d1400e8df2a | Dutch_language | Despite the Dutch presence in Indonesia for almost 350 years, as the Asian bulk of the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch language has no official status there and the small minority that can speak the language fluently are either educated members of the oldest generation, or employed in the legal profession, as some legal c... | What institution in Jakarta still teaches Dutch? | What institution in Jakarta still teaches Dutch? | [
"What institution in Jakarta still teaches Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Erasmus Language Centre"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98660 | 5726888e708984140094c923 | Marvel_Comics | Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Cli... | In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters? | In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters? | [
"In what year did Marvel introduce trading cards based on their characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115591 | 570987d5200fba140036814f | England_national_football_team | England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA Wo... | In which year did England fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup resulting in Ramsey's dismissal? | In which year did England fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup resulting in Ramsey's dismissal? | [
"In which year did England fail to qualify for the FIFA World Cup resulting in Ramsey's dismissal?"
] | {
"text": [
"1974"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102313 | 56fa7909f34c681400b0c0cc | High-definition_television | HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of... | Who made HDTV official in 1993? | Who made HDTV official in 1993? | [
"Who made HDTV official in 1993?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60502 | 5727568bf1498d1400e8f67b | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. Three commercial areas south of downtown include the areas near I-94 and Ann Arbor-Saline Road, Briarwood Mall, and the South Industrial area. Ot... | Which districts compose mostly of 2-4 story structures? | Which districts compose mostly of 2-4 story structures? | [
"Which districts compose mostly of 2-4 story structures?"
] | {
"text": [
"commercial districts"
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28023 | 5ad4a9ee5b96ef001a109d46 | Steven_Spielberg | As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by ... | How many bloody noses did Spielberg get from fighting while in elementary school? | How many bloody noses did Spielberg get from fighting while in elementary school? | [
"How many bloody noses did Spielberg get from fighting while in elementary school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29285 | 571d2eafdd7acb1400e4c24a | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. Following IND approva... | What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on the market? | What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on the market? | [
"What type of risk assessment results in approving the drug to go on the market?"
] | {
"text": [
"positive benefit-risk"
],
"answer_start": [
776
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18893 | 5ad0c7b1645df0001a2d02fa | Premier_League | The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four. In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005. Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "s... | In which season did Tottenham City win the title? | In which season did Tottenham City win the title? | [
"In which season did Tottenham City win the title?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34242 | 5ad41595604f3c001a40030f | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | What type of vehicles don't Troopers operate? | What type of vehicles don't Troopers operate? | [
"What type of vehicles don't Troopers operate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100030 | 572b521ebe1ee31400cb8321 | Guam | Guam's climate is characterized as tropical marine moderated by seasonal northeast trade winds. The weather is generally very warm and humid with little seasonal temperature variation. The mean high temperature is 86 °F (30 °C) and mean low is 76 °F (24 °C) with an average annual rainfall of 96 inches (2,180 mm). The d... | What is Guam's climate characterized as? | What is Guam's climate characterized as? | [
"What is Guam's climate characterized as?"
] | {
"text": [
"tropical marine"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26051 | 5726a292dd62a815002e8b94 | Edmund_Burke | At about this same time, Burke was introduced to William Gerard Hamilton (known as "Single-speech Hamilton"). When Hamilton was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, Burke accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary, a position he held for three years. In 1765 Burke became private secretary to the liberal Whig ... | What was William Gerard Hamilton's nickname? | What was William Gerard Hamilton's nickname? | [
"What was William Gerard Hamilton's nickname?"
] | {
"text": [
"Single-speech Hamilton"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56662 | 5727903ddd62a815002ea088 | Gramophone_record | Electrical recording preceded electrical home reproduction because of the initial high cost of the new system. In 1925, the Victor company introduced the Victor Orthophonic Victrola, an acoustical record player that was specifically designed to play electrically recorded discs, as part of a line that also included elec... | What options were available that effected the cost of the Victor Orthophonic Victorla? | What options were available that effected the cost of the Victor Orthophonic Victorla? | [
"What options were available that effected the cost of the Victor Orthophonic Victorla?"
] | {
"text": [
"cabinetry"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54419 | 5ad2df9cd7d075001a42a5a7 | Christian | The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc, and a "follower of Christianity" is a t... | Which Japanese word means Christ follower? | Which Japanese word means Christ follower? | [
"Which Japanese word means Christ follower?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93201 | 5730f7c9e6313a140071cb10 | Light-emitting_diode | A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence, which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conduct... | Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light? | Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light? | [
"Why is some energy in the electroluminescence process emitted as heat and light?"
] | {
"text": [
"to recombine the electrons and the holes"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114776 | 5a7db48670df9f001a875062 | Matter | Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (... | What can an object's mass not come from? | What can an object's mass not come from? | [
"What can an object's mass not come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62880 | 5acd451107355d001abf3b6b | Pain | The Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) is a questionnaire designed to assess the psychosocial state of a person with chronic pain. Analysis of MPI results by Turk and Rudy (1988) found three classes of chronic pain patient: "(a) dysfunctional, people who perceived the severity of their pain to be high, reported that... | What does MIP stand for? | What does MIP stand for? | [
"What does MIP stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113395 | 572ebe0a03f98919007569d3 | Vacuum | While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it to... | Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether? | Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether? | [
"Who stated that the character of a gas and free molecule were in ether?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Pickering"
],
"answer_start": [
874
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23923 | 572848c23acd2414000df888 | Federalism | Some Christians argue that the earliest source of political federalism (or federalism in human institutions; in contrast to theological federalism) is the ecclesiastical federalism found in the Bible. They point to the structure of the early Christian Church as described (and prescribed, as believed by many) in the New... | What was the structure that the early Christian church described? | What was the structure that the early Christian church described? | [
"What was the structure that the early Christian church described?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the New Testament"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55071 | 5a396ecb2f14dd001ac72333 | Everton_F.C. | There have been indications since 1996 that Everton will move to a new stadium. The original plan was for a new 60,000-seat stadium to be built, but in 2000 a proposal was submitted to build a 55,000 seat stadium as part of the King's Dock regeneration. This was unsuccessful as Everton failed to generate the £30 millio... | In what month in 2000 was the proposal submitted for the new stadium? | In what month in 2000 was the proposal submitted for the new stadium? | [
"In what month in 2000 was the proposal submitted for the new stadium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18054 | 5a10e4ae06e79900185c345c | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs | What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs | [
"What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88733 | 56db772fe7c41114004b5160 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Chinese media have also reported on Jin Jing, whom the official Chinese torch relay website described as "heroic" and an "angel", whereas Western media initially gave her little mention – despite a Chinese claim that "Chinese Paralympic athlete Jin Jing has garnered much attention from the media". | Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice? | Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice? | [
"Which media outlets gave Jin Jing little notice?"
] | {
"text": [
"Western media"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79308 | 5a3bfb9bcc5d22001a521ca7 | Heian_period | Bushi interests were diverse, cutting across old power structures to form new associations in the tenth century. Mutual interests, family connections, and kinship were consolidated in military groups that became part of family administration. In time, large regional military families formed around members of the court ... | What groups became part of the centraladministration? | What groups became part of the centraladministration? | [
"What groups became part of the centraladministration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43154 | 5a85dfeeb4e223001a8e7248 | Poultry | Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century... | When did ducks begin to disappear from the books of Western European Society? | When did ducks begin to disappear from the books of Western European Society? | [
"When did ducks begin to disappear from the books of Western European Society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31332 | 5726876a5951b619008f75e6 | Germans | In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unificatio... | What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict? | What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict? | [
"What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96631 | 5a8c89b3fd22b3001a8d8a40 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are st... | What terms did Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe a cross? | What terms did Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe a cross? | [
"What terms did Jehovah's Witnesses use to describe a cross?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94143 | 5a5d4b0e5e8782001a9d5ea1 | Cork_(city) | Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara... | Who invented the underground music scene in Cork? | Who invented the underground music scene in Cork? | [
"Who invented the underground music scene in Cork?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111904 | 572784e7f1498d1400e8faa1 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Darwin had initially decided to call his book An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection, but with Murray's persuasion it was eventually changed to the snappier title: On the Origin of Species, with the title page adding by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of... | What had Darwin wanted to name his book? | What had Darwin wanted to name his book? | [
"What had Darwin wanted to name his book?"
] | {
"text": [
"An abstract of an Essay on the Origin of Species and Varieties Through natural selection"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109856 | 5ad3f472604f3c001a3ff93d | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Possibly in part due to expedited federal habeas corpus procedures embodied in the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, the pace of executions picked up, reaching a peak of 98 in 1999 and then they declined gradually to 28 in 2015. Since the death penalty was reauthorized in 1976, 1,411 people have be... | How many executions occurred in 1959? | How many executions occurred in 1959? | [
"How many executions occurred in 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110316 | 5a39ab532f14dd001ac72552 | Culture | In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism, such as Stuart Hall (1932–2014) and Raymond Williams (1921–1988), developed cultural studies. Following nineteenth-century Romantics, they identified "culture" with consumption goods and leisure activities (such as art, music, film, food, spo... | Where did Marxism begin? | Where did Marxism begin? | [
"Where did Marxism begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80742 | 5722cbc2f6b826140030fc3b | Queen_Victoria | In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c... | What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child? | What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child? | [
"What anaesthetic helped her give birth to her eighth child?"
] | {
"text": [
"chloroform"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69692 | 5ad494e6ba00c4001a268c7d | Windows_8 | On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200) was released to manufacturing with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 . Microsoft planned to hold a launch event on October 25, 2012 and release Windows 8 for general availability on the next day. However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version ... | What was the first build Microsoft decided to manufacture? | What was the first build Microsoft decided to manufacture? | [
"What was the first build Microsoft decided to manufacture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84010 | 57306cfb2461fd1900a9ce02 | Translation | Comparison of a back-translation with the original text is sometimes used as a check on the accuracy of the original translation, much as the accuracy of a mathematical operation is sometimes checked by reversing the operation. But the results of such reverse-translation operations, while useful as approximate checks, ... | How are mathematical operations checked? | How are mathematical operations checked? | [
"How are mathematical operations checked?"
] | {
"text": [
"by reversing the operation"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35134 | 5a8cec6ffd22b3001a8d9026 | Memory | The more long term the exposure to stress is, the more impact it may have. However, short term exposure to stress also causes impairment in memory by interfering with the function of the hippocampus. Research shows that subjects placed in a stressful situation for a short amount of time still have blood glucocorticoid ... | Whar does research show happens to blood glucose levels during stressful events? | Whar does research show happens to blood glucose levels during stressful events? | [
"Whar does research show happens to blood glucose levels during stressful events?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80516 | 5a6687f8f038b7001ab0bf62 | Data_compression | Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the h... | What type of data compression is the converse of subtle variations? | What type of data compression is the converse of subtle variations? | [
"What type of data compression is the converse of subtle variations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26546 | 5731954b497a881900249089 | University | Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas ... | Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar? | Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar? | [
"Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar?"
] | {
"text": [
"humanist"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116213 | 5a68f5fc8476ee001a58a915 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b... | When was Sargodha built? | When was Sargodha built? | [
"When was Sargodha built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81310 | 57266b70708984140094c56b | Queen_Victoria | Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married Prince Frederick William of Prussia in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen a... | What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria? | What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria? | [
"What future awaited the first grandson of Queen Victoria?"
] | {
"text": [
"the last German Kaiser"
],
"answer_start": [
840
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66649 | 5728ad6a3acd2414000dfcc0 | Brigham_Young_University | In literature and journalism, BYU has produced several best-selling authors, including Orson Scott Card '75, Brandon Sanderson '00 & '05, Ben English '98, and Stephenie Meyer '95. BYU also graduated American activist and contributor for ABC News Elizabeth Smart-Gilmour. Other media personalities include former CBS News... | Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU? | Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU? | [
"Which award winning ESPN sports writer graduated form BYU?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sharlene Wells Hawkes"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20568 | 56ce82cdaab44d1400b8882d | IPod | Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations. | What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod? | What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod? | [
"What type of connector was originally required to upload songs or recharge the iPod?"
] | {
"text": [
"FireWire"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90854 | 573245f7b9d445190005e97c | Pacific_War | The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians... | How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa? | How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa? | [
"How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?"
] | {
"text": [
"240"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109796 | 570fe7425ab6b819003910b5 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Other states with long histories of no death penalty include Wisconsin (the only state with only one execution), Rhode Island (although later reintroduced, it was unused and abolished again), Maine, North Dakota, Minnesota, West Virginia, Iowa, and Vermont. The District of Columbia has also abolished the death penalty;... | When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty? | When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty? | [
"When did Oregon reinstate the death penalty?"
] | {
"text": [
"1984"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6224 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686cd2 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"... | In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed? | In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed? | [
"In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59296 | 5726b450708984140094ce5f | Alloy | Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hard... | Where is the only iron deposit on earth? | Where is the only iron deposit on earth? | [
"Where is the only iron deposit on earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greenland"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95571 | 5726baf15951b619008f7c24 | Yale_University | Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financial... | What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven? | What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven? | [
"What has been the effect of Yale and New Haven's relation on New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"decline in the local economy"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111355 | 5731e806b9d445190005e652 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Roman beliefs about an afterlife varied, and are known mostly for the educated elite who expressed their views in terms of their chosen philosophy. The traditional care of the dead, however, and the perpetuation after death of their status in life were part of the most archaic practices of Roman religion. Ancient votiv... | What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead? | What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead? | [
"What type of practices were those affecting the care of the dead?"
] | {
"text": [
"archaic"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113255 | 570df4f00dc6ce1900204d65 | Adolescence | Dating violence is fairly prevalent within adolescent relationships. When surveyed, 10-45% of adolescents reported having experienced physical violence in the context of a relationship while a quarter to a third of adolescents reported having experiencing psychological aggression. This reported aggression includes hitt... | Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression? | Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression? | [
"Hitting, throwing objects, and slaps are examples of what type of aggression?"
] | {
"text": [
"Physical"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116073 | 5a8de14fdf8bba001a0f9d0b | Richard_Feynman | In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar. At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats. When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors ... | Who helped the bar win their court case? | Who helped the bar win their court case? | [
"Who helped the bar win their court case?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82800 | 56e06be17aa994140058e48d | Saint_Helena | Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009. | Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else? | Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else? | [
"Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Diocese of St Helena"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105664 | 56e1cb2fcd28a01900c67ba5 | Communications_in_Somalia | As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operato... | Who were one of the main clients of the local satellite service providers? | Who were one of the main clients of the local satellite service providers? | [
"Who were one of the main clients of the local satellite service providers?"
] | {
"text": [
"internet cafes"
],
"answer_start": [
662
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98702 | 57268d7ef1498d1400e8e396 | Marvel_Comics | On August 31, 2009, The Walt Disney Company announced a deal to acquire Marvel Comics' parent corporation, Marvel Entertainment, for $4 billion or $4.2 billion, with Marvel shareholders to receive $30 and 0.745 Disney shares for each share of Marvel they own. As of 2008, Marvel and its major, longtime competitor DC Com... | In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales? | In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales? | [
"In 2010, Marvel switched to what distributor for bookstore comic book sales?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hachette Distribution Services"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33653 | 5a679303f038b7001ab0c2f6 | Film_speed | Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617... | When was William Nelson Goodwin Jr. born? | When was William Nelson Goodwin Jr. born? | [
"When was William Nelson Goodwin Jr. born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25948 | 57098a0b200fba140036816e | Copper | Alloying copper with tin to make bronze was first practiced about 4000 years after the discovery of copper smelting, and about 2000 years after "natural bronze" had come into general use[citation needed]. Bronze artifacts from the Vinča culture date to 4500 BC. Sumerian and Egyptian artifacts of copper and bronze alloy... | What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called? | What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called? | [
"What was the transition between the Neolithic period and the bronze age called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chalcolithic"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86525 | 56e70a356fe0821900b8ec94 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971. | In what country does RIBA mainly operate? | In what country does RIBA mainly operate? | [
"In what country does RIBA mainly operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16138 | 572e81e0dfa6aa1500f8d05c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial str... | In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family. | In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family. | [
"In addition to gaining an education, describe how Gaddafi managed to attend school 20 miles from his family."
] | {
"text": [
"During the week Gaddafi slept in a mosque, and at weekends walked 20 miles to visit his parents"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35219 | 5a8cefc4fd22b3001a8d906d | Memory | Memorization is a method of learning that allows an individual to recall information verbatim. Rote learning is the method most often used. Methods of memorizing things have been the subject of much discussion over the years with some writers, such as Cosmos Rossellius using visual alphabets. The spacing effect shows t... | What does memorization not mean? | What does memorization not mean? | [
"What does memorization not mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17825 | 5ad24303d7d075001a4289c5 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre had its world premiere in London on 26 October 2015 at the Royal Albert Hall, the same day as its general release in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Following the announcement of the start of filming, Paramount Pictures brought forward the release of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid compe... | IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year? | IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year? | [
"IMAX announced that Spectre would be screened in its cinemas in January of what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94884 | 571096f2a58dae1900cd6a92 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Several Americans, especially Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in bringing Enlightenment ideas to the New World and in influencing British and French thinkers. Franklin was influential for his political activism and for his advances in physics. The cultural exchange during the Age of Enlighte... | All supernatural aspects were removed from which Thomas Paine work? | All supernatural aspects were removed from which Thomas Paine work? | [
"All supernatural aspects were removed from which Thomas Paine work?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Age of Reason"
],
"answer_start": [
1005
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75448 | 5acfc70077cf76001a685ed9 | Cubism | The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézan... | Which person was the least influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? | Which person was the least influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? | [
"Which person was the least influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51751 | 570c4f4cfed7b91900d4589e | John,_King_of_England | John, the youngest of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine, was at first not expected to inherit significant lands. Following the failed rebellion of his elder brothers between 1173 and 1174, however, John became Henry's favourite child. He was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given l... | Who unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators? | Who unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators? | [
"Who unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against Richard's royal administrators?"
] | {
"text": [
"John"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67498 | 570a12fd6d058f1900182c9c | Hanover | Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the ... | What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence? | What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence? | [
"What is the name of the momument to the victims of war and violence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aegidien Church"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7369 | 57301ea404bcaa1900d771c3 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an over-sized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obt... | American buildings in the Georgian period were frequently constructed of which materials? | American buildings in the Georgian period were frequently constructed of which materials? | [
"American buildings in the Georgian period were frequently constructed of which materials?"
] | {
"text": [
"wood with clapboards"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65787 | 5719c35b10f8ca1400304e55 | Seattle | Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Gro... | Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle? | Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle? | [
"Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Microsoft"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93726 | 5728c96c4b864d1900164e21 | Estonia | Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Josep... | What trend caused the drop of ethnic Estonians? | What trend caused the drop of ethnic Estonians? | [
"What trend caused the drop of ethnic Estonians?"
] | {
"text": [
"mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54821 | 5ad562de5b96ef001a10ad63 | Macintosh | Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, w... | When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks? | When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks? | [
"When did Mac OS X experience a large decrease in malware attacks?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40404 | 5ad4fb9a5b96ef001a10a87a | Paper | Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter. | What type of paper is generally stronger? | What type of paper is generally stronger? | [
"What type of paper is generally stronger?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40136 | 572b9576be1ee31400cb8457 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Many historical sites exist throughout the city, including 59 properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Of these, nine are among the 60 U.S. National Historic Landmarks in Connecticut. The New Haven Green, one of the National Historic Landmarks, was formed in 1638, and is home to three 19th-century... | What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green? | What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green? | [
"What tourist spot can be found directly underneath the New Haven Green?"
] | {
"text": [
"a 17th-century crypt"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95044 | 5710ff56b654c5140001fa93 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The massive work was arranged according to a "tree of knowledge." The tree reflected the marked division between the arts and sciences, which was largely a result of the rise of empiricism. Both areas of knowledge were united by philosophy, or the trunk of the tree of knowledge. The Enlightenment's desacrilization of r... | How was the Encyclopedie arranged? | How was the Encyclopedie arranged? | [
"How was the Encyclopedie arranged?"
] | {
"text": [
"according to a \"tree of knowledge.\""
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23097 | 5ad0cfc9645df0001a2d0483 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2011 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, South Sudan, Somalia and Tuvalu. | What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report? | What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report? | [
"What is not the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83098 | 56dec4913277331400b4d721 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | During his initial campaign for governor, allegations of sexual and personal misconduct were raised against Schwarzenegger, dubbed "Gropegate". Within the last five days before the election, news reports appeared in the Los Angeles Times recounting allegations of sexual misconduct from several individual women, six of ... | Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct? | Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct? | [
"Which newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's alleged sexual misconduct?"
] | {
"text": [
"Los Angeles Times"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113444 | 572ec42ecb0c0d14000f151e | Vacuum | Ion gauges are used in ultrahigh vacuum. They come in two types: hot cathode and cold cathode. In the hot cathode version an electrically heated filament produces an electron beam. The electrons travel through the gauge and ionize gas molecules around them. The resulting ions are collected at a negative electrode. The ... | Why does a mass spectrometer need to be used with gauge to be accurate at high vacuum gas measurement? | Why does a mass spectrometer need to be used with gauge to be accurate at high vacuum gas measurement? | [
"Why does a mass spectrometer need to be used with gauge to be accurate at high vacuum gas measurement?"
] | {
"text": [
"composition of gases at high vacuums will usually be unpredictable"
],
"answer_start": [
925
]
} |
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