gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 395
values | context stringlengths 151 1.42k | question stringlengths 14 164 | target stringlengths 14 164 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-106320 | 5725e54e271a42140099d2ee | Hellenistic_period | The Nabatean Kingdom was an Arab state located between the Sinai Peninsula and the Arabian Peninsula. Its capital was the city of Petra, an important trading city on the incense route. The Nabateans resisted the attacks of Antigonous and were allies of the Hasmoneans in their struggle against the Seleucids, but later f... | Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? | Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence? | [
"Under whose reign did Nabatean culture begin to show Greek influence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aretas III Philhellene"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43294 | 5a86115eb4e223001a8e7441 | Poultry | World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in... | How many ducks did China produce for cartoons in 2011? | How many ducks did China produce for cartoons in 2011? | [
"How many ducks did China produce for cartoons in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98650 | 572687385951b619008f75d5 | Marvel_Comics | In 1978, Jim Shooter became Marvel's editor-in-chief. Although a controversial personality, Shooter cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, including repeatedly missed deadlines. During Shooter's nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief, Chris Claremont and John Byrne's run on the Uncanny X-Men and Frank Miller's run o... | What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s? | What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s? | [
"What noted artist and writer made brought Daredevil to the forefront during the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frank Miller"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4713 | 572962eb1d04691400779380 | Green | Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-... | How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages? | How were the terms for "green" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages? | [
"How were the terms for \"green\" derived in the Germanic, Romance, Slavic, and Greek languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"independently"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36669 | 57320884b9d445190005e74b | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions dur... | What republican majority leader died in a plane crash? | What republican majority leader died in a plane crash? | [
"What republican majority leader died in a plane crash?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hale Boggs"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115487 | 56eab22e0030b61400a35044 | Political_corruption | More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has us... | The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets? | The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets? | [
"The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets?"
] | {
"text": [
"a portion"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23425 | 5ad145bb645df0001a2d14d0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was everywhere to be found in what? | Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was everywhere to be found in what? | [
"Stewart pointed out that the phrase \"Wall of separation\" was everywhere to be found in what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49010 | 5aceb30232bba1001ae4b0b8 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | However Cornelius Clifford places his birth no earlier than 296 and no later than 298, based on the fact that Athanasius indicates no first hand recollection of the Maximian persecution of 303, which he suggests Athanasius would have remembered if he had been ten years old at the time. Secondly, the Festal Epistles sta... | What writing denies that the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged? | What writing denies that the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged? | [
"What writing denies that the Arian accusation that Athanasius was under aged?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28405 | 5731cdbce17f3d1400422436 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and ... | How did Irving describe Spielberg's house? | How did Irving describe Spielberg's house? | [
"How did Irving describe Spielberg's house?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"bachelor funky\""
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20361 | 5a671251f038b7001ab0c1bf | Glass | Addition of lead(II) oxide lowers melting point, lowers viscosity of the melt, and increases refractive index. Lead oxide also facilitates solubility of other metal oxides and is used in colored glasses. The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); t... | Lead oxide makes it easier to decrease viscosity in what? | Lead oxide makes it easier to decrease viscosity in what? | [
"Lead oxide makes it easier to decrease viscosity in what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9763 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98bd | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser ... | What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper? | What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper? | [
"What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper?"
] | {
"text": [
"Voltaire, the Man of Freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109138 | 57277595708984140094de37 | Carnival | Many towns in Croatia's Kvarner region (and in other parts of the country) observe the Carnival period, incorporating local traditions and celebrating local culture. Just before the end of Carnival, every Kvarner town burns a man-like doll called a "Jure Piškanac", who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year.... | Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year? | Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year? | [
"Who is blamed for all the strife of the previous year?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jure Piškanac"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76620 | 572a9e25111d821400f38c4e | Philadelphia | Throughout the 19th century, Philadelphia had a variety of industries and businesses, the largest being textiles. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the Baldwin Locomotive Works, William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Industry, along with th... | Which were the two biggest immigrant groups in Philadelphia? | Which were the two biggest immigrant groups in Philadelphia? | [
"Which were the two biggest immigrant groups in Philadelphia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish and German"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87338 | 56ce68dcaab44d1400b8876e | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Lee modeled the character of Dill on her childhood friend, Truman Capote, known then as Truman Persons. Just as Dill lived next door to Scout during the summer, Capote lived next door to Lee with his aunts while his mother visited New York City. Like Dill, Capote had an impressive imagination and a gift for fascinating... | Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote? | Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote? | [
"Murders were the base for which story that Capote wrote?"
] | {
"text": [
"In Cold Blood"
],
"answer_start": [
869
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54282 | 5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2ad | Christian | There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." The term "Christian" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a prov... | All Christians disagree with what about Jesus? | All Christians disagree with what about Jesus? | [
"All Christians disagree with what about Jesus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24726 | 56cfde76234ae51400d9bfb1 | New_York_City | New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance ... | New York City is at the base of which American river? | New York City is at the base of which American river? | [
"New York City is at the base of which American river?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hudson"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28801 | 571aa8204faf5e1900b8abcc | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Where were was Morphine extracted from? | Where were was Morphine extracted from? | [
"Where were was Morphine extracted from?"
] | {
"text": [
"opium"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95648 | 5726df7c5951b619008f80e5 | Yale_University | Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2) and comprises its main, historic campus and a medical campus adjacent to the Yale-New Haven Hospital. In western New Haven, the university holds 500 acres (2.0 km2) of athletic facilities, including the Yale Golf Course. In 2008, Yale purchased the ... | What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? | What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for? | [
"What is the former Bayer Pharmaceutical campus used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"laboratory and research space"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53333 | 5727b6734b864d1900163b10 | Sichuan | Sichuan has been historically known as the "Province of Abundance". It is one of the major agricultural production bases of China. Grain, including rice and wheat, is the major product with output that ranked first in China in 1999. Commercial crops include citrus fruits, sugar cane, sweet potatoes, peaches and grapes.... | What area for the "Province of Abundance" refer to? | What area for the "Province of Abundance" refer to? | [
"What area for the \"Province of Abundance\" refer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sichuan"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32357 | 5ad2cb60d7d075001a42a27c | Antarctica | New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Ant... | What has been suspended since 1995? | What has been suspended since 1995? | [
"What has been suspended since 1995?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26888 | 5709d8514103511400d59481 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half d... | How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to? | How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to? | [
"How much gold in grams was one dollar equivalent to?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.505"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110073 | 571020f7b654c5140001f821 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | All of the executions which have taken place since the 1936 hanging of Bethea in Owensboro have been conducted within a wall or enclosure. For example, Fred Adams was legally hanged in Kennett, Missouri, on April 2, 1937, within a 10-foot (3 m) wooden stockade. Roscoe "Red" Jackson was hanged within a stockade in Galen... | How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution? | How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution? | [
"How many people witnessed Timothy McVeigh's execution?"
] | {
"text": [
"300"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33427 | 56f9357a9e9bad19000a080d | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | On 17th Street (40°44′08″N 73°59′12″W / 40.735532°N 73.986575°W / 40.735532; -73.986575), traffic runs one way along the street, from east to west excepting the stretch between Broadway and Park Avenue South, where traffic runs in both directions. It forms the northern borders of both Union Square (between Broadway ... | What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street? | What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street? | [
"What was the job of the person who lived at 327 East 17th Street?"
] | {
"text": [
"Composer"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58122 | 5ad417da604f3c001a4003c3 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The controversy surrounding affirmative action's effectiveness is based on the idea of class inequality. Opponents of racial affirmative action argue that the program actually benefits middle- and upper-class African Americans and Hispanic Americans at the expense of lower-class European Americans and Asian Americans. ... | Who primarily makes up America's rich group? | Who primarily makes up America's rich group? | [
" Who primarily makes up America's rich group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12362 | 5733b4cf4776f419006610cd | Antibiotics | Antibacterial antibiotics are commonly classified based on their mechanism of action, chemical structure, or spectrum of activity. Most target bacterial functions or growth processes. Those that target the bacterial cell wall (penicillins and cephalosporins) or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essentia... | What 3 types go after protein synthesis? | What 3 types go after protein synthesis? | [
"What 3 types go after protein synthesis?"
] | {
"text": [
"(macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69635 | 5ad491ebba00c4001a268c44 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 was released to a mixed critical reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (esp... | How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2012? | How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2012? | [
"How many Windows 8 licenses were purchased by January 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47073 | 572666af708984140094c4d7 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer ... | Madonna's mother was from which ancestry? | Madonna's mother was from which ancestry? | [
"Madonna's mother was from which ancestry?"
] | {
"text": [
"French-Canadian"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19163 | 572fee1ea23a5019007fcb68 | Premier_League | Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs. For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616. This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of... | Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much? | Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much? | [
"Attendance for the 2013-14 season set a new record of how much?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million,"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41161 | 573166c9e6313a140071ceec | Egypt | On 18 January 2014, the interim government instituted a new constitution following a referendum in which 98.1% of voters were supportive. Participation was low with only 38.6% of registered voters participating although this was higher than the 33% who voted in a referendum during Morsi's tenure. On 26 March 2014 Abdel... | Who was elected President in 2014? | Who was elected President in 2014? | [
"Who was elected President in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdel Fattah el-Sisi"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8104 | 5ad0163077cf76001a68695c | Copyright_infringement | Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as ... | What doesn't DRM and anti-circumvention laws do? | What doesn't DRM and anti-circumvention laws do? | [
"What doesn't DRM and anti-circumvention laws do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4166 | 56becb8d3aeaaa14008c9499 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards? | Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards? | [
"Who was the first female to achieve the International Artist Award at the American Music Awards?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beyoncé"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71140 | 5acf5f8077cf76001a684caf | University_of_Kansas | Tuition at KU is 13 percent below the national average, according to the College Board, and the University remains a best buy in the region.[citation needed] | Who provides no statistics on educational costs? | Who provides no statistics on educational costs? | [
"Who provides no statistics on educational costs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14489 | 572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7cb | Han_dynasty | Evidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient China; however, the ... | What type of iron could pig iron be converted into? | What type of iron could pig iron be converted into? | [
"What type of iron could pig iron be converted into?"
] | {
"text": [
"wrought"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115168 | 57262598271a42140099d5a1 | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back? | How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back? | [
"How many years do momotremes and therian mammals go back?"
] | {
"text": [
"167 million years"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110385 | 5726320889a1e219009ac545 | Professional_wrestling | Due to its persistent cultural presence and to its novelty within the performing arts, wrestling constitutes a recurring topic in both academia and the media. Several documentaries have been produced looking at professional wrestling, most notably, Beyond the Mat directed by Barry W. Blaustein, and Wrestling with Shado... | Where does wrestling keep coming up as a subject? | Where does wrestling keep coming up as a subject? | [
"Where does wrestling keep coming up as a subject?"
] | {
"text": [
"in both academia and the media"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46007 | 5ad3b48f604f3c001a3fed71 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In January 1917, the Watch Tower Society's legal representative, Joseph Franklin Rutherford, was elected as its next president. His election was disputed, and members of the Board of Directors accused him of acting in an autocratic and secretive manner. The divisions between his supporters and opponents triggered a maj... | In what year did Joseph Franklin Rutherford become the legal representative of the Watch Tower Society? | In what year did Joseph Franklin Rutherford become the legal representative of the Watch Tower Society? | [
"In what year did Joseph Franklin Rutherford become the legal representative of the Watch Tower Society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23251 | 5731b690b9d445190005e49e | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending ... | What was Issac Backus' profession? | What was Issac Backus' profession? | [
"What was Issac Backus' profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baptist minister"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4738 | 572966243f37b31900478335 | Green | In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to... | What is the complement of green on the HSV color wheel? | What is the complement of green on the HSV color wheel? | [
"What is the complement of green on the HSV color wheel?"
] | {
"text": [
"magenta"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79400 | 573084818ab72b1400f9c543 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Kievan Rus' begins with the rule (882–912) of Prince Oleg, who extended his control from Novgorod south along the Dnieper river valley in order to protect trade from Khazar incursions from the east and moved his capital to the more strategic Kiev. Sviatoslav I (died 972) achieved the first major expansion of Kievan Rus... | Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan? | Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan? | [
"Who was the ruler at the begining of Kievan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prince Oleg"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79570 | 5ad00eb677cf76001a686822 | Kievan_Rus%27 | It is not clearly documented when the title of the Grand Duke was first introduced, but the importance of the Kiev principality was recognized after the death of Sviatoslav I in 972 and the ensuing struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I. The region of Kiev dominated the state of Kievan Rus' for the next two... | What year was the struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I? | What year was the struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I? | [
"What year was the struggle between Vladimir the Great and Yaropolk I?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51108 | 5a678d67f038b7001ab0c2b4 | Old_English | A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is c... | Who influenced literary standards in the 1000's? | Who influenced literary standards in the 1000's? | [
"Who influenced literary standards in the 1000's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46294 | 57325817b9d445190005ea6b | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines? | What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines? | [
"What should a Jehovah's Witnesses prefer to paying fines?"
] | {
"text": [
"jail"
],
"answer_start": [
895
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111572 | 572b827ff75d5e190021fe13 | Education | Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values ... | What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow? | What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow? | [
"What are some of the sets or ideals most school systems follow?"
] | {
"text": [
"student-teacher interactions, methods of assessment, class size,"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101504 | 56d4bdcd2ccc5a1400d831ab | Dog | In breeding circles, a male canine is referred to as a dog, while a female is called a bitch (Middle English bicche, from Old English bicce, ultimately from Old Norse bikkja). A group of offspring is a litter. The father of a litter is called the sire, and the mother is called the dam. Offspring are, in general, called... | What is the male who is father of the pups called? | What is the male who is father of the pups called? | [
"What is the male who is father of the pups called?"
] | {
"text": [
"sire"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83826 | 5acd9e3107355d001abf483e | Florida | Reapportionment following the 2010 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives. The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests. In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appe... | What gave three more seats to the house of representatives in 2010? | What gave three more seats to the house of representatives in 2010? | [
"What gave three more seats to the house of representatives in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101678 | 56d9bf08dc89441400fdb775 | Dog | While all dogs are genetically very similar, natural selection and selective breeding have reinforced certain characteristics in certain populations of dogs, giving rise to dog types and dog breeds. Dog types are broad categories based on function, genetics, or characteristics. Dog breeds are groups of animals that pos... | Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what? | Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what? | [
"Animals that share characteristics that are different than what other animals in that species have is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"breeds"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78142 | 57275ec9dd62a815002e9bbd | Child_labour | The Victorian era in particular became notorious for the conditions under which children were employed. Children as young as four were employed in production factories and mines working long hours in dangerous, often fatal, working conditions. In coal mines, children would crawl through tunnels too narrow and low for a... | How many hours did builders work in the winter? | How many hours did builders work in the winter? | [
"How many hours did builders work in the winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"52"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45508 | 571a79a64faf5e1900b8a9bb | Ashkenazi_Jews | Religious Jews have Minhagim, customs, in addition to Halakha, or religious law, and different interpretations of law. Different groups of religious Jews in different geographic areas historically adopted different customs and interpretations. On certain issues, Orthodox Jews are required to follow the customs of their... | For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean? | For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean? | [
"For religious Jews, what does Halakha mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious law"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74855 | 570e7ca50b85d914000d7f48 | Melbourne | Melbourne has four airports. Melbourne Airport, at Tullamarine, is the city's main international and domestic gateway and second busiest in Australia. The airport is home base for passenger airlines Jetstar Airways and Tiger Airways Australia and cargo airlines Australian air Express and Toll Priority; and is a major h... | Which airport is the city's main international and domestic gateway? | Which airport is the city's main international and domestic gateway? | [
"Which airport is the city's main international and domestic gateway?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101771 | 56d9e6f0dc89441400fdb8eb | Dog | Dog meat is consumed in some East Asian countries, including Korea, China, and Vietnam, a practice that dates back to antiquity. It is estimated that 13–16 million dogs are killed and consumed in Asia every year. Other cultures, such as Polynesia and pre-Columbian Mexico, also consumed dog meat in their history. Howeve... | The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what? | The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what? | [
"The West, South Asia and Middle East think eating dogs is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"taboo"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38710 | 570c4d68b3d812140066d0a3 | FC_Barcelona | In 1943, Barcelona faced rivals Real Madrid in the semi-finals of Copa del Generalísimo (now the Copa del Rey). The first match at Les Corts was won by Barcelona 3–0. Real Madrid comfortably won the second leg, beating Barcelona 11–1. According to football writer Sid Lowe, "There have been relatively few mentions of th... | Who is rumored to have threatened Barcelona players before the match against Real Madrid? | Who is rumored to have threatened Barcelona players before the match against Real Madrid? | [
"Who is rumored to have threatened Barcelona players before the match against Real Madrid?"
] | {
"text": [
"police"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70384 | 56dfb7187aa994140058e060 | Pub | The inhabitants of the British Isles have been drinking ale since the Bronze Age, but it was with the arrival of the Roman Empire in its shores in the 1st Century, and the construction of the Roman road networks that the first inns, called tabernae, in which travellers could obtain refreshment began to appear. After th... | In what century did the Romans leave Britain? | In what century did the Romans leave Britain? | [
"In what century did the Romans leave Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"5th Century"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21931 | 570ac5ed4103511400d599c9 | Aircraft_carrier | There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t... | Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"? | Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"? | [
"Who said, \"countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113148 | 570ddac40dc6ce1900204cc7 | Adolescence | Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them. Several sources report a high proportion of adolescents who use social media: 73% of 12–17 year olds reported having at least one social networking profile; two... | What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily? | What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily? | [
"What ratio of teens are \"heavy\" social media users, using two types of media daily?"
] | {
"text": [
"One in four (23%)"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7156 | 5ad4f89c5b96ef001a10a818 | Red | Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republi... | What colors were adopted by the Pan solidarity movement? | What colors were adopted by the Pan solidarity movement? | [
"What colors were adopted by the Pan solidarity movement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32128 | 5728ec424b864d19001650a4 | Myanmar | The major agricultural product is rice, which covers about 60% of the country's total cultivated land area. Rice accounts for 97% of total food grain production by weight. Through collaboration with the International Rice Research Institute 52 modern rice varieties were released in the country between 1966 and 1997, he... | How many novel types of this crop did Burma develop as of 1997 ? | How many novel types of this crop did Burma develop as of 1997 ? | [
"How many novel types of this crop did Burma develop as of 1997 ?"
] | {
"text": [
"52 modern rice varieties"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22095 | 5a7b56c821c2de001afe9ef8 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The Archivist of the United States is the chief official overseeing the operation of the National Archives and Records Administration. The Archivist not only maintains the official documentation of the passage of amendments to the U.S. Constitution by state legislatures, but has the authority to declare when the consti... | What do state legislatures oversee the operation of? | What do state legislatures oversee the operation of? | [
"What do state legislatures oversee the operation of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75972 | 56e0ca827aa994140058e6f3 | Web_browser | In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 –... | Who released Mosaic? | Who released Mosaic? | [
"Who released Mosaic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marc Andreessen"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102635 | 57303e18a23a5019007fcff6 | Association_football | Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the... | What is the captain a part of before the start of the game? | What is the captain a part of before the start of the game? | [
"What is the captain a part of before the start of the game?"
] | {
"text": [
"the coin toss"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19463 | 5727e2483acd2414000deef1 | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? ... | What is the term for corruption by individuals? | What is the term for corruption by individuals? | [
"What is the term for corruption by individuals?"
] | {
"text": [
"corruption by private actors"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5105 | 56e152d7cd28a01900c677c9 | Boston | Several universities located outside Boston have a major presence in the city. Harvard University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, is centered across the Charles River in Cambridge but has the majority of its land holdings and a substantial amount of its educational activities in Boston. Its business... | Where does Harvard plan to expand to? | Where does Harvard plan to expand to? | [
"Where does Harvard plan to expand to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Allston"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72448 | 57267541708984140094c6ca | Greece | The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece and continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern continuation, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and nations, such as the Latin and Frankish stat... | What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture? | What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture? | [
"What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek War of Independence"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114988 | 5a6b0974a9e0c9001a4e9e89 | Wayback_Machine | In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus. | Which campus did Internet Archive adopt 2009? | Which campus did Internet Archive adopt 2009? | [
"Which campus did Internet Archive adopt 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110503 | 57266b67dd62a815002e8457 | Professional_wrestling | In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the per... | What sometimes happens with managers? | What sometimes happens with managers? | [
"What sometimes happens with managers?"
] | {
"text": [
"become major personalities"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54199 | 5ad3ec3b604f3c001a3ff75a | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Special Operations Forces Command (CANSOFCOM) is a formation capable of operating independently but primarily focused on generating special operations forces (SOF) elements to support CJOC. The command includes Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2), the Canadian Joint Incident Response Unit (CJIRU) based at CFB Trento... | What is the CANSOFCOM not focused on? | What is the CANSOFCOM not focused on? | [
" What is the CANSOFCOM not focused on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115157 | 5a39e1dc2f14dd001ac72629 | Mammal | The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse... | At the end of the Carboniferous period what did the Neogene diverge from that led to today's reptiles and birds? | At the end of the Carboniferous period what did the Neogene diverge from that led to today's reptiles and birds? | [
"At the end of the Carboniferous period what did the Neogene diverge from that led to today's reptiles and birds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5293 | 5a10f49f06e79900185c348d | Digimon | The franchise was first created in 1997 as a series of virtual pets, akin to—and influenced in style by—the contemporary Tamagotchi or nano Giga Pet toys. The creatures were first designed to look cute and iconic even on the devices' small screens; later developments had them created with a harder-edged style influence... | What American media for the original did you mom based on? | What American media for the original did you mom based on? | [
"What American media for the original did you mom based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61369 | 5a3ae50f3ff257001ab84305 | Flowering_plant | The botanical term "Angiosperm", from the Ancient Greek αγγείον, angeíon (bottle, vessel) and σπέρμα, (seed), was coined in the form Angiospermae by Paul Hermann in 1690, as the name of one of his primary divisions of the plant kingdom. This included flowering plants possessing seeds enclosed in capsules, distinguished... | Why did Robert Brown use the term dicotyledonous? | Why did Robert Brown use the term dicotyledonous? | [
"Why did Robert Brown use the term dicotyledonous?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115170 | 5a39e9b52f14dd001ac72639 | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | What is the earliest Ambondro that satisfies Kemp's definitions? | What is the earliest Ambondro that satisfies Kemp's definitions? | [
"What is the earliest Ambondro that satisfies Kemp's definitions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70260 | 57298cc51d04691400779526 | Neoclassical_architecture | At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ... | What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style? | What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style? | [
"What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style?"
] | {
"text": [
"Napoleon I"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83393 | 5ad25727d7d075001a428d89 | Dominican_Order | The spirituality evidenced throughout all of the branches of the order reflects the spirit and intentions of its founder, though some of the elements of what later developed might have surprised the Castilian friar. Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning availabl... | What type of man was Dominic not? | What type of man was Dominic not? | [
"What type of man was Dominic not?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30278 | 5acd5d7d07355d001abf3ef8 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The region also experiences occasional periods of drought, during which the city sometimes has restricted water use by residents. During the late summer and early fall, Raleigh can experience hurricanes. In 1996, Hurricane Fran caused severe damage in the Raleigh area, mostly from falling trees. The most recent hurrica... | What date did a tornado hit the east Raleigh? | What date did a tornado hit the east Raleigh? | [
"What date did a tornado hit the east Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83660 | 57265d58f1498d1400e8dd4a | Florida | These American settlers established a permanent foothold in the area and ignored Spanish officials. The British settlers who had remained also resented Spanish rule, leading to a rebellion in 1810 and the establishment for ninety days of the so-called Free and Independent Republic of West Florida on September 23. After... | What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag | What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag | [
"What is known as the Bonnie Blue Flag"
] | {
"text": [
"a single white star on a blue field"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78756 | 5ad29ee8d7d075001a429c5a | Greeks | As of 2007, Greece had the eighth highest percentage of tertiary enrollment in the world (with the percentages for female students being higher than for male) while Greeks of the Diaspora are equally active in the field of education. Hundreds of thousands of Greek students attend western universities every year while t... | According to recent research who is enrolled in the Universities in France in higher number men or women? | According to recent research who is enrolled in the Universities in France in higher number men or women? | [
"According to recent research who is enrolled in the Universities in France in higher number men or women?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27862 | 5acd430a07355d001abf3aea | Energy | In quantum mechanics, energy is defined in terms of the energy operator as a time derivative of the wave function. The Schrödinger equation equates the energy operator to the full energy of a particle or a system. Its results can be considered as a definition of measurement of energy in quantum mechanics. The Schröding... | In the case of an electromagnetic wave these are called quanta of light or protons | In the case of an electromagnetic wave these are called quanta of light or protons | [
"In the case of an electromagnetic wave these are called quanta of light or protons"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6513 | 572823083acd2414000df56b | PlayStation_3 | Photo Gallery is an optional application to view, create and group photos from PS3, which is installed separately from the system software at 105 MB. It was introduced in system software version 2.60 and provides a range of tools for sorting through and displaying the system's pictures. The key feature of this applicat... | After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site? | After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site? | [
"After version 3.4, Picasa was integrated into Photo Gallery along with what social networking site?"
] | {
"text": [
"Facebook"
],
"answer_start": [
690
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10324 | 5a8015308f0597001ac00185 | Symbiosis | Synnecrosis is a rare type of symbiosis in which the interaction between species is detrimental to both organisms involved. It is a short-lived condition, as the interaction eventually causes death. Because of this, evolution selects against synnecrosis and it is uncommon in nature. An example of this is the relationsh... | What happens if the bee does not die? | What happens if the bee does not die? | [
"What happens if the bee does not die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55728 | 5725e47538643c19005ace41 | Clothing | Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin an... | What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from? | What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from? | [
"What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?"
] | {
"text": [
"UV"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98425 | 56f8c60f9e9bad19000a0484 | Alps | Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that d... | Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty? | Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty? | [
"Who was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jean-Jacques Rousseau"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48081 | 56f9e2819b226e1400dd15ec | Wood | It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or... | What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water? | What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water? | [
"What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?"
] | {
"text": [
"nutrients"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85834 | 571126c6b654c5140001fbde | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection ... | How many kb of Video RAM did the PPU have? | How many kb of Video RAM did the PPU have? | [
"How many kb of Video RAM did the PPU have?"
] | {
"text": [
"2"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62518 | 572915f36aef051400154a51 | Software_testing | There are many approaches available in software testing. Reviews, walkthroughs, or inspections are referred to as static testing, whereas actually executing programmed code with a given set of test cases is referred to as dynamic testing. Static testing is often implicit, as proofreading, plus when programming tools/te... | What are commonly used techniques during dynamic testing? | What are commonly used techniques during dynamic testing? | [
"What are commonly used techniques during dynamic testing?"
] | {
"text": [
"stubs/drivers or execution from a debugger environment"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102207 | 5ad3aaab604f3c001a3feb58 | High-definition_television | In 1949, France started its transmissions with an 819 lines system (with 737 active lines). The system was monochrome only, and was used only on VHF for the first French TV channel. It was discontinued in 1983. | What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959? | What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959? | [
"What country started transmissions using and 819 line system in 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14492 | 572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76ad7 | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC, enabled farmers to ... | What was an invention that allowed farmers to place their crops into rows? | What was an invention that allowed farmers to place their crops into rows? | [
"What was an invention that allowed farmers to place their crops into rows?"
] | {
"text": [
"The three-legged iron seed drill"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8433 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b1 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is th... | What is the worst school in Thuringia? | What is the worst school in Thuringia? | [
"What is the worst school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116362 | 5706f5309e06ca38007e924b | Letter_case | Capitalisation in English, in terms of the general orthographic rules independent of context (e.g. title vs. heading vs. text), is universally standardized for formal writing. (Informal communication, such as texting, instant messaging or a handwritten sticky note, may not bother, but that is because its users usually ... | What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature? | What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature? | [
"What is capitalization commonly use to indicate in poetry independent of any grammatical feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"beginning of a line of verse"
],
"answer_start": [
1105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94809 | 57108592b654c5140001f94f | Age_of_Enlightenment | Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) tried to reconcile rationalism and religious belief, individual freedom and political authority, as well as map out a view of the public sphere through private and public reason. Kant's work continued to shape German thought, and indeed all of European philosophy, well into the 20th century. M... | Kant's work continued to shape German thought and European philosophy well into what century? | Kant's work continued to shape German thought and European philosophy well into what century? | [
"Kant's work continued to shape German thought and European philosophy well into what century?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95332 | 56dfb6917aa994140058e049 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Bell was a supporter of aerospace engineering research through the Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), officially formed at Baddeck, Nova Scotia, in October 1907 at the suggestion of his wife Mabel and with her financial support after the sale of some of her real estate. The AEA was headed by Bell and the founding mem... | What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace? | What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace? | [
"What organization did Bell set up due to his interest in aerospace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aerial Experiment Association"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108705 | 5a7cf915e8bc7e001a9e20f5 | Literature | Literature consists of written productions, often restricted to those deemed to have artistic or intellectual value. Its Latin root literatura/litteratura (derived itself from littera, letter or handwriting) was used to refer to all written accounts, but intertwined with the roman concept of cultura: learning or cultiv... | What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods? | What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods? | [
"What is it called when works are not categorized by historical periods?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103508 | 5ad2b0d3d7d075001a429f49 | Multiracial_American | The 2000 U.S. Census in the write-in response category had a code listing which standardizes the placement of various write-in responses for automatic placement within the framework of the U.S. Census's enumerated races. Whereas most responses can be distinguished as falling into one of the five enumerated races, there... | In what year did the census have eight enumerated races? | In what year did the census have eight enumerated races? | [
"In what year did the census have eight enumerated races?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79281 | 572774bf708984140094de14 | Heian_period | As culture flourished, so did decentralization. Whereas the first phase of shōen development in the early Heian period had seen the opening of new lands and the granting of the use of lands to aristocrats and religious institutions, the second phase saw the growth of patrimonial "house governments," as in the old clan ... | Succession to the throne was determined by what clan? | Succession to the throne was determined by what clan? | [
"Succession to the throne was determined by what clan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fujiwara"
],
"answer_start": [
696
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91606 | 57267c29708984140094c7a5 | Botany | Physician Valerius Cordus (1515–1544) authored a botanically and pharmacologically important herbal Historia Plantarum in 1544 and a pharmacopoeia of lasting importance, the Dispensatorium in 1546. Naturalist Conrad von Gesner (1516–1565) and herbalist John Gerard (1545–c. 1611) published herbals covering the medicinal... | Who wrote Historia Plantarum in 1544? | Who wrote Historia Plantarum in 1544? | [
"Who wrote Historia Plantarum in 1544?"
] | {
"text": [
"Physician Valerius Cordus"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32703 | 570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc1 | Antarctica | About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D... | What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica? | What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica? | [
"What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"cryptoendoliths"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9807 | 5727f4172ca10214002d9a22 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot... | What did Nasser do after the war ended? | What did Nasser do after the war ended? | [
"What did Nasser do after the war ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"instructor at the Royal Military Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112754 | 570b2212ec8fbc190045b84d | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) ... | What is the name of the 360's motion sensing camera peripheral? | What is the name of the 360's motion sensing camera peripheral? | [
"What is the name of the 360's motion sensing camera peripheral?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Kinect"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10334 | 5a80193e8f0597001ac00194 | Symbiosis | The biologist Lynn Margulis, famous for her work on endosymbiosis, contends that symbiosis is a major driving force behind evolution. She considers Darwin's notion of evolution, driven by competition, to be incomplete and claims that evolution is strongly based on co-operation, interaction, and mutual dependence among ... | What is strongly based only upon uncooperative interaction and independence? | What is strongly based only upon uncooperative interaction and independence? | [
"What is strongly based only upon uncooperative interaction and independence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86922 | 5a8cafbafd22b3001a8d8d37 | Biodiversity | Biodiversity's relevance to human health is becoming an international political issue, as scientific evidence builds on the global health implications of biodiversity loss. This issue is closely linked with the issue of climate change, as many of the anticipated health risks of climate change are associated with change... | What types of West Nile Virus disappear when a new disease is introduced? | What types of West Nile Virus disappear when a new disease is introduced? | [
"What types of West Nile Virus disappear when a new disease is introduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66740 | 57279587708984140094e190 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On July 1, 1988, the fourth and last day of a bruising 19th Party Conference, Gorbachev won the backing of the tired delegates for his last-minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance, Gorbachev embarked on a set of constitu... | What was the proposed legislative body called? | What was the proposed legislative body called? | [
"What was the proposed legislative body called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress of People's Deputies"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72196 | 5726266b38643c19005ad170 | Greece | After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars... | The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year? | The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year? | [
"The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"200 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73848 | 5ad56f1b5b96ef001a10aeb4 | Warsaw_Pact | On 23 October 1954 – only nine years after Allies (UK, USA and USSR) defeated Nazi Germany ending World War II in Europe – the admission of the Federal Republic of Germany to the North Atlantic Pact was finally decided. The incorporation of West Germany into the organization on 9 May 1955 was described as "a decisive t... | Who requested a new European Security Treaty in April 1954? | Who requested a new European Security Treaty in April 1954? | [
"Who requested a new European Security Treaty in April 1954?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.