doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
53035 | Tough! : modischer Anglizismus oder semantischer Re-Import? | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"\"Toughness has been rather out of fashion, as a masculine virtue\", so William Gibson schon 2002. Die 'toughe Frau' scheint dagegen noch in aller Munde: zumindest im deutschsprachigen Raum gilt 'tough' als reflexartig einspringende Vokabel für die Kennzeichnung weiblicher Erfolgstypen: \"kämpfende Amazone\", \"eiserne Lady\" oder 'superwoman' bleiben als denkbare Synonyme ohne jede Chance. In hoffnungslos inflationärem Gebrauch schreiben die Titelzeilen der Lifestyle- und Frauenmagazine nahezu jeder in den Fokus gerückten Person das Epitheton zu, das zumindest in dieser Verwendung als unübersetzbar gelten muss, vielleicht aber auch gar keiner Übersetzung bedarf: handelt es sich doch - entgegen allem Anschein - um ein deutsches Wort, vermutlich so urdeutsch wie 'Handy'."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Begriff",
"Geschichte",
"Tugend",
"Tüchtigkeit",
"Weiblichkeit",
"Männlichkeit",
"ddc:800"
] |
53037 | Troika | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Im (west-)europäischen politisch-administrativen Sprachgebrauch der Gegenwart finden sich kaum russische Wörter. Die Karriere des russischen 'Troika' ist so ein seltener Fall, der auch in Russland Aufmerksamkeit weckte. Ins öffentliche Bewusstsein gelangte der Begriff erst nach 2000, als die EU eine Dreiergruppe - die Troika - aus Vertretern der Europäischen Zentralbank, des Internationalen Währungsfonds und der Europäischen Kommission einsetzte, um die Sparmaßnahmen der griechischen Regierung während der Staatsschuldenkrise zu überwachen. Die begriffliche Assoziation zu den unter gleichem Namen bekannten außergerichtlichen Straftribunalen in der Sowjetunion der Stalinzeit war wohl zu offensichtlich, weshalb die EU auf Drängen Griechenlands die Bezeichnung 'Troika' später durch den neutralen Begriff 'Institution' ersetzte. Warum die EU einen politisch derart kompromittierten Begriff überhaupt in ihren Sprachgebrauch aufnahm, scheint nur schwer nachvollziehbar. Reduziert man allerdings die Begriffsgeschichte der 'Troika' allein auf die semantische Spur des Straftribunals, bleiben die Registerwechsel zwischen höchst unterschiedlichen kulturellen Bereichen im 20. Jahrhundert ausgeblendet."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Troika",
"Begriff",
"Geschichte",
"Politik",
"ddc:800"
] |
53038 | Ur | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Die Partikel 'Ur' gehört zu den unheimlichen 'intraduisibles' der deutschen Sprache. Die Wörter, denen sie vorsteht, erscheinen archaisch, allerdings auf eigentümlich standardisierte Weise. Sie geraten \"ins barbarisch Wilde oder in industrielle Reklame\" - so Theodor W. Adorno in einem kleinen Beitrag für die Süddeutsche Zeitung aus dem Jahr 1967. Dort bekundet er sein Erschrecken über das Wort 'Uromi' in einer Todesanzeige, das er nicht nur als \"Grimasse\" vermeintlicher Nähe, sondern sogar als \"Maske von Unheil\" kritisiert. Das Unheil liegt für ihn in einer schamlosen Familiarität, die sich der eigentlich gebotenen Trauer versagt. Gerade darin hat das unpassend platzierte Ur-Wort einen historischen Index, allerdings einen, der aus der Geschichte direkt in die Vorgeschichte weist: \"Das Uromi ist ein prähistorisches Monstrum.\""
] | ddc:430 | [
"Begriff",
"Geschichte",
"Präfix",
"Freud, Sigmund",
"Adorno, Theodor W.",
"ddc:800"
] |
53042 | Welt, je schon übersetzt | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Zum Exportschlager, also zum Fremdwort in anderen Sprachen, wurde das Wort 'Welt' vor allem dank seiner Bedeutung VIII (in der bis XII reichenden Zählung des Artikels im \"Deutschen Wörterbuch\"), die Johannes Erben im einleitenden Teil des Artikels als \"metaphorische anwendungen mannigfacher art\" charakterisiert und so erläutert: \"überall, wo der sprecher auf ein abgeschlossenes ganzes, auf universale fülle, welcher art auch immer, zielt, springt das wort welt als bezeichnung ein: für 'einen in sich geschlossenen bezirk verschiedener art, der in seiner eigenständigkeit und eigengesetzlichkeit gleichsam ein all im kleinen darstellt'\". Gerade \"metaphorische anwendungen\" legen damit einen semantischen Kern frei, der sich auf verschiedenste räumliche Referenzbereiche beziehen kann (also etwa keineswegs, wie dies die heute vermutlich häufigste Verwendung insinuiert, mit \"V. erdkreis\" zu identifizieren ist). Dass die Bedeutung VIII zugleich diejenige ist, dank welcher aus einem Alltagswort ein philosophischer Begriff wird, bezeugt der entsprechende Artikel im \"Historischen Wörterbuch der Philosophie\"."
] | ddc:110 | [
"Welt",
"Begriff",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:800"
] |
53159 | Subject and non-subject ex-situ focus in Dagbani | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper offers a description and account of the patterns of 'ex-situ' focus in Dagbani. We show that there are two syntactic strategies for creating 'ex-situ' focus in the language, one involving A’-movement to the left periphery, and the second involving base generation in the left periphery combined with coreference to a resumptive pronoun. Furthermore, we argue that subjects are difficult to move from Spec,TP to Spec,CP in the left-periphery because of 'anti-locality', which creates a tension when trying to focus subjects, which are required to derivationally fill the specifier of both positions. We further show that what looks to be a two-way distinction between the behaviour of subjects and non-subjects in the language is in fact a three-way distinction between subjects that are focussed to a local left-periphery, subjects that are focussed to a non-local left-periphery, and non-subjects. These distinctions arise due to there being two methods for Dagbani to resolve the antilocality problem of subject movement, and so local subjects solve the problem differently to non-local subjects."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:490"
] |
53237 | The multi-valuation agreement hierarchy | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper investigates multi-valuation, i.e. cases where one probe agrees with multiple goals thus obtaining multiple feature values. Focusing on number agreement, I look at the cross-linguistic patterns on multi-valued Ns in the nominal Right Node Raising construction (Nominal RNR) reported in Belyaev et al. (2015); Harizanov & Gribanova (2015); Shen (2016) as well as multi-valued Ts in TP RNR construction reported in Yatabe (2003); Grosz (2009; 2015); Kluck (2009). I show that three types of languages are attested: languages like Serbo-Croatian that show singular marking on both multi-valued Ns and Ts, languages like Russian that show plural marking on both multi-valued Ns and Ts, and languages like English that show singular marking on multi-valued Ns and plural marking on multi-valued Ts. No language is attested that shows plural marking on multi-valued Ns and singular marking on multi-valued Ts. I use this 3/4 pattern to argue that multi-valuation shows the effect of the Agreement Hierarchy discussed by Corbett (1979; 2006) among others."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
53284 | Affe und Affekt : die Poetik und Politik der Emotionalität in der Primatologie | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Der Mensch ist ein emotionales Tier: Gefühle beeinflussen jedes menschliche Verhalten – auch jenes von Wissenschaftler/innen. Meist wird diese Emotionalität im Dienst wissenschaftlicher Objektivität vermieden oder unterdrückt. Dabei hat sie entscheidenden Anteil an Erkenntnisprozessen sowohl in der Generierung von Daten als auch in deren Interpretation und in der Präsentation von Wissensbeständen. Dies gilt ganz besonders für die Primatologie, gerade dort, wo mit unseren nächsten Artverwandten, den anderen Affen, im Feld geforscht wird. Primatologische Erkenntnisse wiederum affizieren ein großes Publikum und können deswegen leicht popularisiert werden. - Diese Open-Access-Publikation untersucht anhand primatologischer Forschungsmemoiren die Form und Funktion von Emotionen, Affekten und Gefühlen in der Feldforschung, die Affektpoetik und Emotionsregime der Primatologie sowie die Rolle, welche Fiktionen für die Reflexion des Verhältnisses von Mensch, Affe und Affekt spielen. Sie stellt damit die Frage nach der Rolle von Emotionalität in der Primatologie als Frage nach den epistemischen, poetologischen und politischen Grundlagen einer gegenwärtigen Leitwissenschaft der Anthropologie."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
53472 | Language use before and after Stonewall: a corpus-based study of gay men’s pre-Stonewall narratives | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This study presents a contrastive corpus linguistic analysis of language use before and after Stonewall. It uses theoretical insights on normativity from the field of language and sexuality to investigate how the shifting normativities associated with the Stonewall Riots (1969) – widely considered the central event of gay liberation in the Western world – have shaped our conceptualization of sexuality as it surfaces in language use. Drawing on two corpora of gay men’s pre-Stonewall narratives dating from two time periods (before and after Stonewall, called PRE and POST), the analysis combines quantitative (keyword analysis, collocation analysis) and qualitative (concordance analysis) corpus linguistic methods to examine discursive shifts as evident from narrators’ language use. The study identifies the terms homosexual and normal as central contrastive labels in PRE, and gay and straight as corresponding terms in POST. Other discursive shifts detected are from sexual desire/practices to identity (and vice versa), from an individualistic to a community-based conceptualization of sexuality, and from unquestioned heteronormativity and gender binarism to a weakening of such dominant discourses. The findings are discussed in relation to the desire-identity shift, which is traditionally assumed to have taken place at the end of the 19th century, and shed new light on Stonewall as a central event for the development of an identity-based conceptualization of sexuality as we know it today."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
53659 | Gender in Fulani proverbs | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Presented paper deals with Fulani people of West Africa and with the influence of their way of life on their language. One part of the Fulani people lives nomadic pastoral live, meanwhile another part is sedentary, living in the towns. The authors of the paper pay their attention to the the gender of Fulani proverbs which reflects the way of life of Fulani people."
] | ddc:490 | [] |
54386 | Differences in plural forms of monolingual German preschoolers and adults | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Pluralization strategies of monolingual German children aged 3-6, median 4;2 (N = 810), and adults aged 18-96, median 24;0 (N = 582), were compared on the basis of eight nonce nouns from the language test SETK 3-5. Differences between younger and older Germans resembled previously described differences between German and immigrant pre-schoolers for most aspects, e.g., use of fewer plural allomorphs (types), more errors in umlauting, and more avoidance strategies in the linguistically weaker groups. However, both German children and adults demonstrated the same universal frequency- and phonology-based pluralization patterns. Surprisingly, ungrammatical plural forms were equally frequent in both children’s and adults' answers.",
"Pluralisierungsstrategien von monolingualen deutschen Kindern im Alter von drei bis sechs, Median 4;2 (N = 810), und Erwachsenen im Alter von 18 bis 96, Median 24;0 (N = 582), wurden anhand von acht Kunstwörtern aus dem Sprachtest SETK 3-5 verglichen. Die Unterschiede zwischen den Deutschen im Kindes- und Erwachsenenalter waren in den meisten Hinsichten den zuvor beschriebenen Unterschieden zwischen Deutschen und Migranten im Vorschulalter ähnlich, z.B. Gebrauch von weniger Pluralallomorphen (Typen), mehr Umlautfehler, mehr Vermeidungsstrategien in den sprachlich schwächeren Gruppen. Generell demonstrierten jedoch sowohl deutsche Kinder als auch deutsche Erwachsene dieselben universellen frequenz- und phonologisch bedingte Pluralisierungsmuster. Unerwarterterweise erwiesen sich ungrammatische Pluralformen in der Kinder- und Erwachsenensprache als gleich häufig."
] | ddc:430 | [] |
54562 | Sprachförderkompetenz von Grundschullehrkräften | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Im Mittelpunkt der Dissertation steht die Untersuchung der Sprachförderkompetenz von Grundschullehrkräften aus linguistischer Perspektive. Dabei geht es um Grundschullehrkräfte, die in der vorschulischen Sprachförderung, v.a. von Kindern mit Deutsch als früher Zweitsprache (DaZ), im Rahmen sogenannter Vorlaufkurse in Hessen tätig sind. Anhand von zwei zentralen Dimensionen professioneller Kompetenz, dem Wissen und dem Handeln, werden in zwei empirischen Studien anhand einer Gruppe von 10 Lehrkräften der Umfang des sprachlichen Fachwissens und verschiedene Eigenschaften des sprachlichen Handelns in der Interaktion mit DaZ-Kindern im Vorlaufkurs untersucht. Zudem werden mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen Wissen und Handeln sowie Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich beider Dimensionen zu pädagogischen Fachkräften aus dem Elementarbereich geprüft."
] | ddc:370 | [
"ddc:400"
] |
54628 | Vorschläge für eine konstruktive Selbstreflexion : die Umstellung auf digitale Lehre innerhalb der Germanistik während der COVID-19-Pandemie | deu | doc-type:report | [
"Das folgende Papier ist im Kontext der Vorarbeiten für das neue Portal www.digitale-lehre-germanistik.de entstanden. Neben pragmatischen Überlegungen, wie sich die Mitglieder der ger-manistischen Fachgemeinschaft in der aktuellen Situation bei der Aufgabe der Digitalisierung der Lehre gegenseitig solidarisch unterstützen können, gab es in der Diskussion zwischen gut zwei Dutzend in- und ausländischen Germanist*innen einen breiten Konsens, dass der Prozess selbst einige Fragen aufwirft, die bei aller gebotenen Eile nicht übersehen werden sollten. Diese Fragen stellen sich nicht nur im Kontext der Germanistik, sondern sind naturgemäß auch für ein breiteres Spektrum anderer Fächer relevant."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Germanistik",
"Universität",
"Lehre",
"Digitalisierung",
"Selbstreflexion",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:830"
] |
54660 | 'A style which defies convention, tradition, homogeneity, prudence, and sometimes even syntax' : Henry James's "The Portrait of a Lady" and Edith Wharton's "The Age of Innocence" | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Combining the methods of linguistics and literary criticism, this article takes a fresh look at two texts that have been analysed ad nauseam: Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady and Edith Wharton’s The Age of Innocence. I use James’s late style as a touchstone to compare and contrast the two texts. Analysing syntax by means of close textual analysis of the novels’ opening paragraphs as well as their metaphorical language, and employing the corpus analysis programme AntConc to survey the entire texts, I aim to show that James’s 1880 text anticipates his late style and Wharton’s 1920 text appropriates it to suit her own agenda. However, in respectively anticipating and appropriating this style, James and Wharton create different effects. James intensifies his female protagonist’s ‘world of thought and feeling’ (Eliot 1963: 56), creating a fictional world with literary equality for both genders, while Wharton subverts gender roles in a scathing critique of Gilded Age society, which did not allow for this other ‘world of thought and feeling’. In addition to positioning both novels as feminist, this article compares Wharton’s writing to James’s, but without presupposing the latter’s influence on the former. Instead, acknowledging the fluidity of style, I aim to put forward a convincing case that there are subtle differences that make these authors’ styles Jamesian and Whartonian, respectively."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Stilistik",
"Feministische Literaturwissenschaft",
"ddc:410"
] |
54714 | Applying team teaching to improve students' ability in understanding English narrative texts | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The title of this study is applying team teaching to improve student ability in understanding English narrative texts. The purposes of this study are to identify the advantages and to find out the strategies of applying team teaching to improve students ability in understanding English narrative texts. The population of this study is the first year students of SMAN 4 Banda Aceh, and the sample are an experimental class (X IA 2) and a control class (X IA 6). The total numbers of the samples are 66 students. This research was conducted on April, 2010. In collecting data, several techniques were used namely; observation, test, questionnaire and interview. According to data analysis, team teaching gave more advantages to improve students’ ability in understanding English narrative texts. Some advantages of team teaching to the first year students of SMAN 4 Banda Aceh; (1) Team teaching directed the students to focus on material, the method was not tedious and learning motivation had been increased by using it, so that their ability in understanding English narrative text had been increased. (2) The students who studied by using team teaching obtained higher score than the students who studied without using team teaching. It means the students who studied by using team teaching could improve their abilities in understanding English narrative text. (3) The students should focus on the study because the teachers observed what they do in the class comprehensively. The student also could receive knowledge not only from the main teacher, but also from the co-teacher and they could ask both teachers if they found some problems. Some advantages of team teaching to the teachers of SMAN 4 Banda Aceh are; team teaching could be effective while teaching and learning process was underway because the teachers could remind each other and they also could plan good materials. In applying team teaching to improve students’ ability in understanding English narrative texts, the teachers used many strategies. One of the general strategies to apply team teaching in SMAN 4 Banda Aceh was by excercising the so called semi team teaching. The special strategies that conducted by teachers were; (1) Presenting an interesting and understandable topic in every meeting for students. (2) Making group discussion, reading the legend and translating it, giving regularly the test and games. (3) Asking the students to comprehend the generic structure of the text before coming to the class."
] | ddc:370 | [
"ddc:400"
] |
54823 | Experimente im germanistischen Curriculum : "Germanistisches Komplexpraktikum" und "Komparatistische Imagologie" | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Vorgestellt werden zwei Neuerungen im DaF-Curriculum an der Westböhmischen Universität Pilsen: KOMIN ist ein Komplexpraktikum, in dem die Studierenden einen literarischen Text unter literatur- und sprachwissenschaftlichen Aspekten analysieren und darauf aufbauend einen Unterrichtsentwurf entwickeln. IMAG bedeutet \"Einführung in die komparatistische Imagologie\": an literarischen Beispielen wird gezeigt, wie Images entstehen und im interkulturellen Dialog funktionieren.",
"Introduced are two innovations within the curriculum of German as a foreign language at the University of Pilsen: KOMIN is a comprehensive hands-on training. Students analyse a literary text under literary and linguistic aspects and develop a teaching script on the basis of their findings. The IMAG literary samples (introduction to imagology as part of comparative literary studies) are used to demonstrate, how images come into being and form the intercultural dialogue."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Stereotyp",
"Imagologie",
"Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft",
"Fremdsprache",
"Literatur",
"Experiment",
"Didaktik",
"Sprache",
"Interkulturalität",
"Dialog",
"Kulturkontakt",
"ddc:830"
] |
54849 | Das Deutschbuch als Forschungsgegenstand : eine Bestandsaufnahme | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Deutschbücher dürfen auch aktuell als zentrales Lehr-Lernmittel des Deutschunterrichts gelten, dennoch findet kein Diskurs um ihre Inhalte und Konzeption statt, der die Schulpraxis und die Autorenteams zufriedenstellend einbinden würde. Zudem wird das Deutschbuch weder vonseiten der Fachdidaktik noch der Fachwissenschaften systematisch und kontinuierlich beforscht. Anliegen des Beitrags ist es, bisherige Forschungsaktivitäten sichtbar zu machen, neuere Entwicklungen sowie Entwicklungsfelder aufzuzeigen und für mehr Engagement der Deutschdidaktik im Bereich der Schulbuchforschung zu werben."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutschunterricht",
"Mediendidaktik",
"Schulbuchforschung",
"ddc:830"
] |
54851 | [Rezension zu:] Szczęk, Joanna/ Kałasznik, Marcelina (Hgg.) (2017): Intra- und interlinguale Zugänge zum kulinarischen Diskurs I | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Rezension zu Szczęk, Joanna/ Kałasznik, Marcelina (Hgg.) (2017): Intra- und interlinguale Zugänge zum kulinarischen Diskurs I (Beiträge zur Fremdsprachenvermittlung). Landau: Empirische Pädagogik, 345 S., ISBN 978-3-944996-42-4"
] | ddc:430 | [
"Lebensmittel",
"Kochen",
"Sprache",
"Diskurs",
"ddc:830"
] |
54854 | Gekommen, um zu bleiben : der Fachinformationsdienst Germanistik als digitaler Forschungsbegleiter | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Aktuell erleben wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken in Deutschland einen Paradigmenwechsel, maßgeblich initiiert von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft als wichtigste bibliotheksrelevante Förderinstitution: \"Fachinformationsdienste für die Wissenschaft (FID)\" heißt das Infrastrukturprogramm der Stunde, das eine alte Förderlinie ersetzt. Das vorherige, am Gedanken einer Art \"Universalbibliothek\" angelehnte Programm ist nun stärker fachspezifisch ausgerichtet und bietet so Raum für neue Infrastrukturen im Fach, beispielsweise im Bereich einer auf das Fach zugeschnittenen Literaturrecherche. Diese bietet für Forschende einen erheblichen Mehrwert, denn jetzt gilt die Devise: Eine Bibliothek muss nicht mehr alles besitzen, aber (fast) alles soll man finden können. Dies gilt auch in der germanistischen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Verfolgt wird dieser Leitgedanke seit Juli 2018 im \"Fachinformationsdienst (FID) Germanistik\"."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Fachinformationsdienst",
"Germanistik",
"Wissenschaftskommunikation",
"Forschung",
"Digitalisierung",
"ddc:830"
] |
54855 | Literaturrecherche und Informationszugang im Fach Germanistik : wie verändert sich das Angebot einer Universitätsbibliothek durch die Digitalisierung? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Je mehr Ressourcen in zentralen \"virtuellen\" Orten zusammengefasst werden, desto mehr stellt sich die Frage nach der Rolle der lokalen Bibliothek und der dort angesiedelten germanistischen Fachreferentinnen und Fachreferenten. Karolin Bubke zeigt in ihrem Beitrag am Beispiel einer mittelgroßen Universitätsbibliothek, wie zum einen die Erwartungen einer mit \"Google und Co.\" aufgewachsenen Studierendengeneration, zum anderen aber auch digitalisierte Rechercheinstrumente wie Online-Fachbibliographien und \"Discovery Systeme\" den Bedarf an Unterstützung und Beratung vor Ort bei der Literaturrecherche eher erhöhen als vermindern. Deutlich wird aber auch, dass die Anschaffungspolitik lokaler Bibliotheken angesichts der Lizenzierungsmodelle für digitale Literatur vor erheblichen Herausforderungen steht."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Bibliothek",
"Universitätsbibliothek",
"Literaturrecherche",
"Informationsvermittlung",
"Digitalisierung",
"ddc:830"
] |
54856 | Digitales Publizieren und Open Access in der Germanistik | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Digitales Publizieren umfasst eine Vielfalt von Praktiken, die vom Tweet über den wissenschaftlichen Artikel in einer Online-Zeitschrift bis zum Bloggen reicht. Die online technisch vereinfachte Selbstpublikation hat zur Folge, dass die Strukturierung der wissenschaftlichen Landschaft von anderen medialen Voraussetzungen ausgeht, als es in der Printwelt der Fall ist, in der Qualitätskontrolle zwangsläufig vor der Publikation kommt.\r\nIn disem Beitrag möchte ich argumentieren, dass die Germanistik diese neuen medialen Bedingungen nicht als Verlust über die Qualitätskontrolle bzw. als Bedrohung wahrnehmen muss und dass im Gegenteil konkrete Vorschläge angebracht sind, damit die Fachgemeinschaft sich diese medialen Voraussetzungen aneignet und sie für sich fruchtbar macht. Die folgenden Überlegungen basieren auf einer Betrachtung der Publikation an sich, die sich nicht in Selbstpublikation einerseits und evaluierter Publikation andererseits gliedert, sondern die öffentliche Verbereitung von Informationen im digitalen Kontextals Grundlage nimmt. Der erste Teil befasst sich mit digitalen Publikationen und deren Bedeutung für die Germanistik, der zweite Teil mit der Philosophie von Open Access und deren möglicher Umsetzung."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Wissenschaftliche Literatur",
"Digitalisierung",
"Online-Publizieren",
"Open Access",
"ddc:830"
] |
54858 | Wissenschaftsnahes Publizieren im digitalen Zeitalter : oder: Machen wir es doch einfach selber! | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Warum publizieren wir Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler unsere Arbeitsergebnisse nicht einfach selber für jeden frei zugänglich im Netz, zum Beispiel auf der Internetseite unseres Instituts oder in einem zentralen Online-Fachrepositorium (wie z.B. GiNDok des Fachinformationsdienstes Germanistik)? Die Digitalisierung macht's möglich, denn sie befreit den Publikationsvorgang von einer Fessel, in die ihn die Erfindung Gutenbergs - der Buchdruck mit beweglichen Lettern - dereinst gelegt hatte: Jahrhundertelang benötigte jeder, der einen Text veröffentlichen wollte, einen Verleger, der ihm den relativ teuren Publikationsvorgang vorfinanzierte und sich den Kapitaleinsatz dann durch einen erheblichen Anteil am Verkaufserlös der gedruckten Exemplare plus saftiger Gewinne wieder zurückholte. Nun aber kosten Reproduktion und Verbreitung so gut wie nichts mehr, Webspace steht in Hülle und Fülle zur Verfügung."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Buchhandel",
"Verlag",
"Open Access",
"Elektronisches Publizieren",
"ddc:830"
] |
54867 | Einleitung: Die Digitalisierung der Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Germanistik : Informieren - Recherchieren - Publizieren - Partizipieren | deu | doc-type:article | [
"\"Digitalisierung\" bedeutet für die Germanistik weit mehr als die Entwicklung neuer digitaler Forschungsmethoden und die Identifizierung von Forschungsfeldern im Bereich der \"Digital Humanities\". Die Digitalisierung verändert das Fach vielmehr grundlegendund geht mit einem tiefgreifenden forschungskulturellen Wandel einher, der weitreichende Konsequenzen sowohl für das Selbstverständnis als auch für die Forschungs- und Kommunikationspraxis in der Germanistik hat."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Wissenschaftskommunikation",
"Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten",
"Digitalisierung",
"Elektronisches Publizieren",
"Online-Publizieren",
"Open Access",
"Informationsbeschaffung",
"ddc:830"
] |
54871 | "Traditionen und Erneuerungen" : 26. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Sprache und Sprachen (GeSuS) in Montpellier, 5.–7. April 2018 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die 26. Fachtagung der \"Gesellschaft für Sprache und Sprachen\" fand erstmals in Frankreich statt. Eingeladen hatte die Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier 3, dort das Département d'Allemand (Abteilung für Germanistik), und die Gruppe für germanistische Forschung CREG. Die Veranstaltung fand auch großzügige Unterstützung seitens der Region Occitanie und der Stadt Montpellier. Das diesjährige Rahmenthema \"Traditionen und Erneuerungen\" sollte einen wesentlichen Beitrag zu den derzeitigen Forschungsprogrammen des CREG leisten. Die Forschungsgruppe beschäftigt sich seit 2014 mit dem Themenschwerpunkt \"Erben, weitergeben: Mechanismen und Prozesse\". Im Rahmen des GESUS-Kongresses konnte dieser Schwerpunkt mit Ansätzen aus den in der GESUS vertretenen Fachgebieten, insbesondere der Sprachwissenschaft und Didaktik, beleuchtet werden."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Historische Sprachwissenschaft"
] |
54875 | "Experimentierräume: Herausforderungen und Tendenzen" : Tagung des Tschechischen Germanistenverbandes in Pilsen, 23.–25. Mai 2018 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Vom 23. bis zum 25. Mai 2018 fand im Forschungszentrum NTIS an der Westböhmischen Universität in Pilsen die biennale Konferenz des Tschechischen Germanistenverbandes unter dem Titel \"Experimentierräume: Herausforderungen und Tendenzen\" statt. Organisiert und operativ durchgeführt wurde sie diesmal vom Lehrstuhl für deutsche Sprache der Pädagogischen Fakultät sowie dem Lehrstuhl für Germanistik und Slawistik der Philosophischen Fakultät der Westböhmischen Universität in Pilsen. Die Konferenz war international ausgerichtet und konnte insgesamt ca. 130 Teilnehmer/innen aus fast 15 verschiedenen Ländern begrüßen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Experiment",
"Literatur",
"ddc:830"
] |
54876 | Wissenschaftsvermittlung auf Blogs | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Spätestens seit jener Entwicklung, die man heute als \"Web 2.0\" bezeichnet, verfließen die Grenzen zwischen Publizieren und partizipativem Interagieren im Netz. In unterschiedlicher Weise verstehen sich Blogs und Microblogging-Dienste als Medien der Wissenschaftskommunikation nach außen, als Werkzeuge interaktiver wissenschaftlicher Forschung oder als Möglichkeit der wissenschaftsinternen Vernetzung. Gemeinsam ist diesen verschiedenen Spielarten, dass sie in der traditionellen Anerkennungskultur des Faches bzw. der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften allgemein nach wie vor einen ungeklärten oder prekären Staus haben, so dass sich für die Akteure die Frage nach dem symbolischen \"Ertrag\" des investierten Aufwands stellt. Alexander Lasch problematisiert in seinem einführenden Beitrag zu Blogs in der Wissenschaft insbesondere, dass sich aktive Wissenschaftsblogger häufig einem \"Prokrastinationsverdacht\" aussetzen; in den auf Prestigeerwerb angelegten wissenschaftlichen Qualifikationswegen kann das Bloggen also sogar negativ wirksam werden."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten",
"Wissenschaftstransfer",
"Wissenschaftliche Kooperation",
"Partizipation",
"Online-Publizieren",
"Weblog",
"ddc:830"
] |
54879 | Die Digitalisierung der Wissenschaftskommunikation in der Germanistik : Informieren - Recherchieren - Publizieren - Partizipieren | deu | doc-type:PeriodicalPart | [
"›Digitalisierung‹ bedeutet für die Germanistik weit mehr als die Entwicklung neuer digitaler Forschungsmethoden und die Identifizierung von Forschungsfeldern im Bereich der ›Digital Humanities‹. Die Digitalisierung verändert das Fach vielmehr grundlegend und geht mit einem tiefgreifenden forschungs-kulturellen Wandel einher, der weitreichende Konsequenzen sowohl für das Selbstverständnis als auch für die Forschungs- und Kommunikationspraxis in der Germanistik hat. Konnte man vor 25 Jahren vielleicht noch glauben, dass >das Internet< lediglich zur Übersetzung altbekannter Arbeitstechniken und Formate in ein neues und deutlich bequemeres Medium führen würde, ist inzwischen evident, dass völlig neue Praktiken und Konzepte entstanden sind und weiterhin entstehen, die zu jenen der analogen Welt in einem komplexen Verhältnis stehen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Wissenschaftskommunikation",
"Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten",
"Digitalisierung",
"Elektronisches Publizieren",
"Online-Publizieren",
"Open Access",
"Informationsbeschaffung",
"ddc:830"
] |
54882 | Das Sprachlog : zehn Jahre Wissenschaftsbloggen und die Lektionen daraus | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Anatol Stefanowitsch zeigt anhand des von ihm selbst (und anderen) über Jahre betriebenen Blogs \"Sprachlog\", wo die Potentiale, aber auch die Grenzen der Wissenschaftskommunikation qua Blog liegen. Hier wird deutlich, dass das Verhältnis von Aufwand und \"Gewinn\" immer wieder neu zu taxieren ist."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Linguistik",
"Wissenschaftstransfer",
"Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten",
"Digitalisierung",
"Online-Publizieren",
"Weblog",
"ddc:830"
] |
54885 | Wissenschaftskommunikation auf Twitter? : eine Chance für die Geisteswissenschaften! | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Wozu sind Akademiker*innen auf Twitter? Im Unterschied zu Blogs, deren Funktion für die Wissenschaftskommunikation unstrittig ist, werden Aktivitäten auf Twitter und in anderen sozialen Medien immer noch vielfach skeptisch gesehen. Wissenschaft in 280 Zeichen? Abschreckend wirkt neben dem Verdacht extremer und letztendlich unsinniger Komplexitätsreduktion eine pauschale Kritik am Twittern. Zu den Topoi dieses Diskurses, der so verbreitet ist, dass man fast von einem eigenen journalistischen Genre sprechen könnte, gehört die Vorstellung, dass man sich auf Twitter in einem abgeschlossenen Kommunikationsraum, einer ›Bubble‹ oder ›Gemeinde‹, befinde. Diese Pauschalkritik wird, ebenso wie die weniger häufige positive Berichterstattung, auf Twitter intensiv diskutiert. Am häufigsten finden sich zwei Hinweise: erstens, dass es eben nicht die eine Twittererfahrung gibt, sondern individuelle Formen der Präsenz und der Interaktion; zweitens, dass sowohl die Idee der ›Bubble‹ als auch der ›zwei Welten‹, von Twitter auf der einen und ›realem Austausch‹ auf der anderen Seite, nicht erfasst, wie Kommunikation auf Twitter funktioniert und von Wissenschaftler*innen produktiv genutzt wird. Wer verstehen will, dass Twitter für Akademiker*innen attraktiv sein kann, sollte sich bewusst machen, dass Twitter viel Verschiedenes bietet."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Geisteswissenschaften",
"Twitter <Softwareplattform>",
"Wissenschaftskommunikation",
"Weblog",
"ddc:830"
] |
54905 | Über Wissenschaft reden : Studien zu Sprachgebrauch, Darstellung und Adressierung in der deutschsprachigen Wissenschaftsprosa um 1800 | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Um 1800 verstärkt sich das Problembewusstsein für eine der wissenschaftlichen Reflexion adäquate Darstellung, da sich die Überzeugung durchsetzt, die Sprache sei nicht nur ein Werkzeug, sondern vielmehr ein \"bildendes Organ des Gedankens\" (Wilhelm v. Humboldt). Das enge Verhältnis von Aussage und Ausdruck rückt die Wissenschaft in der deutschen Tradition geradezu zwangsläufig in die Nähe zur Literatur. Dabei zeigt sich das wissenschaftliche Selbstverständnis dieser Jahre in der Frage v.a. seiner Adressierung von einer interessanten Paradoxie geprägt. So soll der jeweilige Sprachgebrauch überhaupt erst den szientistischen Anspruch wissenschaftlicher Projekte beglaubigen und diese gleichsam als Spezialdiskurse legitimieren, zugleich muss der ideale Adressat der Wissenschaft solche Spezialdiskurse aber immer auch überschreiten. J. G. Fichte etwa weist den Vorwurf der \"Unverständlichkeit\" seiner \"Wissenschaftslehre\" als implizites Verlangen nach \"Seichtigkeit\" seitens der Leser zurück, zugleich aber erlegt er dem Wissenschaftler die Aufgabe auf, einen Beitrag zum \"Fortgang des Menschengeschlechts\" zu leisten. Derartigen Spannungen spürt der Band im Kontext vornehmlich des Niedergangs (wie Fortlebens) der Rhetorik und der Neubegründung der Universität nach."
] | ddc:100 | [
"Wissenschaftssprache",
"Sprachgebrauch",
"Deutsch",
"ddc:410",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:800"
] |
54907 | Latein als Lingua franca im deutschen Sprachdenken des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Thorsten Roelcke beleuchtet sowohl die Koexistenz als auch die Reflexion auf den Gebrauch von Volkssprache und Latein in Barock und Frühaufklärung. Dabei interessiert er sich insbesondere für die 'Arbeitsteilung' von Latein und Deutsch etwa in Kirche und Universität und für ihren Strukturvergleich unter grammatischen wie lexikalischen Gesichtspunkten im Hinblick auf die 'Eignung' der jeweiligen Sprache im Rahmen bestimmter (Spezial-)Kommunikationen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Neulatein",
"Verkehrssprache",
"Wissenschaftssprache",
"Deutschland",
"Geschichte 1600-1800",
"ddc:470",
"ddc:800"
] |
54914 | Grimms Wissenschaft, Grimms Deutsch | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Der Entwicklung einer sprachwissenschaftlichen Terminologie bei Jacob Grimm gilt das Interesse von David Martin. Für das Problem sowohl des Deutschen als auch der Wissenschaftssprache bilde Grimm insofern ein schlagendes Beispiel, als eine potentielle Unterscheidung zwischen Objekt- und Metasprache die (frühe) Sprachwissenschaft zwangsläufig vor besondere Herausforderungen habe stellen müssen. Grimms Lösung dieses Problems bestehe nun darin, eine solche Differenz gar nicht erst aufbrechen zu lassen, das Subjekt dem Objekt der Erkenntnis regelrecht 'auszuliefern' und weniger \"über die Sprache\" als \"mit ihr\" zu sprechen. Dadurch komme es bei Grimm zwar durchgehend zu einer Annäherung der Darstellung an ihren Gegenstand, doch dürfe diese über die tendenzielle Artifizialität insbesondere seiner Fachausdrücke nicht hinwegtäuschen. Grimm untersuche eine Sprache, \"die er zu deren Beschreibung zugleich entdeckt und erfindet\"."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Grimm, Jacob",
"Deutsche Grammatik",
"Wissenschaftssprache",
"Deutsch",
"Terminologie",
"ddc:800"
] |
54933 | Einfach (.) raffiniert : Friedrich Achleitners 'einschlafgeschichten' und 'und oder oder und' | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In Friedrich Achleitners Miniaturen 'einschlafgeschichten' (2003) und 'und oder oder und' (2006) schlägt sich das Multitalent eines Analytikers, eines genauen Beobachters und eines (neo-)avantgardistischen Künstlers nieder. Die Überschneidungen zwischen dem Beruf eines Architekturtheoretikers und der Rolle des Autors prägen auch die thematische und strukturelle Ebene der Texte. Im Einklang mit der Poetik der Wiener Gruppe ist das Grundelement im Baukasten der Sprache nicht die Metapher, sondern das Wort. Das stark reduzierte Textformat sowie die Ausweitung des Sprachexperimentes auf alle Sprachebenen und deren gezielte Vermischung lassen allerdings den konstruktivistischen Eifer und Ernst der Konkreten Poesie hinter sich.",
"Friedrich Achleitner's literary miniatures 'einschlafgeschichten' (2003) and 'und oder oder und' (2006) show the author as a multi-talented analyzer, astute observer and (neo-)avant garde artist. The concurrent professions of architectual critic and theoretician and his role as author shape also both the thematic and structural level of his texts. In accordance with the poetics of the Vienna Group, the basic element of the language \"toolbox\" is the word, not the metaphor. The greatly reduced text format, a stretch in linguistic experimentation on every level of language and intentional blending, leave the constructivist diligence and austerity of Concrete Poetry behind."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Literatur",
"Sprache",
"Experiment",
"Achleitner, Friedrich",
"Wiener Gruppe",
"Konstruktivismus <Literatur>",
"Methode",
"Autor",
"Beobachter",
"Kritik",
"Beschreibung",
"Minimalismus <Literatur>",
"Sprachskepsis",
"Experimentelle Literatur",
"ddc:830"
] |
54963 | Acquiring the distribution of null and overt direct objects in European Portuguese | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article investigates the L1 acquisition of different types of direct objects in European Portuguese (EP). Previous research has revealed that although children have early syntactic and pragmatic knowledge of objects across languages, the adequate use of pronouns and null objects is protracted in the acquisition of EP (Costa et al. 2012). The present study shows that children acquiring the distribution of direct objects are aware of universal pragmatic hierarchies but struggle with the interpretation and feature bundles of null objects. Assuming that arguments are linked to left-peripheral C/edge linkers (Sigurðsson 2011), we argue that children need more time to discover the adult-like feature composition of null objects in EP because they involve phi-silent features. Relative accessibility (Ariel 1991) is universal and available early, whereas the absolute accessibility of null objects, i.e. their feature content, is acquired relatively late."
] | ddc:460 | [] |
55019 | [Rezension zu:] Polly Lohmann, Graffiti als Interaktionsform. Geritzte Inschriften in den Wohnhäusern Pompejis. (Materiale Textkulturen, Bd. 16.) Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter 2017. X, 486 S., € 119,95 | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Die Untersuchung von graffiti writing als soziokulturelle Praxis hat sich zu einem Forschungstrend entwickelt, ohne dass bislang eine systematische Untersuchung dieses Phänomens vorlag. Diese Lücke schließt nun Lohmann mit einer Herausarbeitung der Charakteristika antiker Graffiti im Kontext pompejanischer Wohnkultur. ..."
] | ddc:470 | [
"ddc:930"
] |
55038 | Creating a self-image : face-work and identity construction online | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this article, we build on research arguing that linguistic self-representation on social media can be viewed as a form of face-work and that the strategies employed by users are influenced by both a desire to connect with others and a need to preserve privacy. Drawing on our own analyses of usernames as well as that of others which were conducted as part of a large-scale project investigating usernames in 14 languages (Schlobinski/T. Siever 2018a), we argue that these conflicting goals of wanting to be recognised as an authentic member of an in-group while retaining a degree of anonymity are also observable in the choice of username. Online self-naming can thus be viewed as a key practice in the debate of face-work on social media platforms, because names and naming strategies can be studied more readily than broader and more complex aspects, such as stylistic variation or text-image interdependence, while at the same time forming part of these."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55133 | On the subjunctive in French: experimentally revisiting the effect of obviation weakening | fra | doc-type:article | [
"Les données de l’effet d’affaiblissement de l’obviation (ou encore référence disjointe du subjonctif) dans la littérature linguistique sont soit fondées sur l’intuition des auteurs soit issues de publications d’autres chercheurs, bien que cet effet soit connu depuis longtemps et bien qu’il fasse partie de plusieurs modélisations théoriques. En conséquence, aucune réponse de nature empirique/expérimentale a été offerte à la question « A quel point les affirmations portant sur l'effet d'affaiblissement de l'obviation sont-elles solides ? ». Cet article se fixe en conséquence un double objectif : (i) mettre en oeuvre un jugement de grammaticalité afin de répondre expérimentalement à la question précédente, et (ii) proposer une analyse syntaxique provisoire des résultats obtenus. Ici, nous étudions six facteurs qui – selon Ruwet (1984/1991) – déclenchent l’affaiblissement. Les résultats montrent que seul un facteur (la coordination) déclenche l’affaiblissement. En conséquence, l’appareil théorique permettant de modéliser l’affaiblissement peut être réduit radicalement, et nous proposons des pistes de modélisation syntaxique n’intégrant que le facteur de coordination",
"On the subjunctive in French: experimentally revisiting the effect of obviation weakening. Even though the weakening of the subjunctive disjoint reference effect, also known as obviation, plays an important role in the research of subjunctives in (non-)Romance languages, to the best of our knowledge it has never been verified experimentally. The goal of our paper is twofold: (i) to test how native speakers of French evaluate sentences displaying factors that should weaken obviation using a grammatical judgement task, and (ii) to propose an initial novel framework for a possible syntactic approach to address the attested patterns. Our results show that only one out of six factors described in Ruwet (1984/1991) weakens obviation in French, namely Coordination. Since this factor is syntactic rather than semantic, the theoretical framework can be simplified, and we thus propose a syntactic analysis based on Farkas’ (1992) competition approach and Zhang’s (2010) analysis of coordination structures."
] | ddc:440 | [] |
55150 | Smartphone-based language practices among refugees: mediational repertoires in two families | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper explores how refugee families in Germany draw on me-diational repertoires to accomplish a range of digital literacy prac-tices on their smartphones. We introduce the concept of ‘mediation-al repertoire’, i.e. a socially and individually structured configuration of semiotic and technological resources for communication, and use it in an ethnographic case study with participants from Syria and Af-ghanistan in a refugee residence in Hamburg in 2017/18. The collect-ed data includes nine semi-directed interviews, video demonstra-tions of smartphone usage, and ethnographic fieldnotes. Qualitative analysis draws on mediagrams, i.e. visualizations of mediational re-pertoires in two families. Findings suggest that individual mediation-al repertoires in these families differ especially by generation and other factors, such as literacy competence, type of social relation-ship and purpose of online use, including smartphone-based lang-uage-learning."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Mobile Telekommunikation",
"Linguistik",
"ddc:410"
] |
55160 | Räume der Liebe : vom Umgang mit dem Herzen in der Literatur des Mittelalters | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Modern thought distinguishes clearly between the medical image of the heart and the heart as a linguistic image. This is not the case in medieval literature: the idea of the physical organ and the linguistic image are still closely connected.",
"Unser heutiges Denken unterscheidet eindeutig zwischen dem medizinischen Bild vom Herzen und dem Herzen als sprachlichem Bild. Anders die mittelalterliche Literatur: Die Vorstellung vom körperlichen Organ und das Sprachbild liegen noch sehr eng beieinander."
] | ddc:430 | [] |
55164 | „oh isch FIND_s nich;“ : eine konversationsanalytische Untersuchung sprachlicher Bezugnahmen auf smartphone-gestützte Suchprozesse in Alltagsgesprächen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"This paper adds to the growing field of conversation analytical re-search on smartphone-use in face-to-face interactions. Whenever smartphones are used in mobile-supported sharing activities - e. g. to show a picture to co-present others - the smartphone user needs to search for and find the “searchable object” in the World Wide Web, an App or on the device’s local memory. Analyzing audio-recordings of naturally-occurring conversations, this paper iden-tifies two types of practices of speech that explicitly orient to on-going smartphone-supported searches: Collaborative search (cf. Brown/McGregor/McMillan 2015) and search-accompanying com-mentary by the smartphone-user. Both practices verbally provide for the accountability of the otherwise opaque device use. They differ in the way they produce opportunities for co-present others to substantively contribute to the progression of the search as well as the degree to which they produce the search as an interactionally public event."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55253 | Kontinuität und Wandel in der Tradition der "Pauliteiros de Miranda" (Trás-os-Montes, Portugal) | por | doc-type:book | [
"Es handelt sich hier um die portugiesische Übersetzung einer an der Universität Wien eingereichten Magisterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004. Die übersetzte Version wurde im Jahr 2006 zudem um einige Inhalte erweitert."
] | ddc:460 | [
"Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro",
"Volkstanz",
"Kulturelle Identität",
"ddc:780"
] |
55292 | Dialectal variation in european portuguese central vowel perception | eng | doc-type:article | [
"The present paper aims at providing empirical evidence for dialectal variation concerning the perception of the central vowel [ɐ] in European Portuguese (EP). More concretely, this study compares the perception of the contrast between [a] and [ɐ] by native speakers of two varieties of EP: 23 speakers of a northern Portuguese dialect (from the city of Braga) and 23 speakers of the Littoral Center variety of EP (from the city of Lisbon, defined as Standard European Portuguese (SEP)). Based on a discrimination test, the results show that the two groups of speakers differ with respect to the perception of the contrast between the two central vowels under investigation. The speakers of the northern variety differentiate less between the two central vowels compared to the speakers from Lisbon."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:460"
] |
55402 | VienNA : auf dem Weg zu einer Infrastruktur für die verteilte interaktive evolutionäre Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir Entwicklungstendenzen von Infrastrukturen in den Digitalen Geisteswissenschaften. Wir argumentieren, dass infolge (1) der Verfügbarkeit von immer mehr Daten über sozial-semiotische Netzwerke, (2) der Methodeninflation in geisteswissenschaftlichen Disziplinen, (3) der zunehmend hybriden Arbeitsteilung zwischen Mensch und Maschine und (4) der explosionsartigen Vermehrung künstlicher Texte ein erheblicher Anpassungsdruck auf die Weiterentwicklung solcher Infrastrukturen entstanden ist. In diesem Zusammenhang beschreiben wir drei Informationssysteme, die sich unter anderem durch die Interaktionsmöglichkeiten unterscheiden, die sie ihren Nutzern bieten, um solchen Herausforderungen zu begegnen. Dabei skizzieren wir mit VienNA eine neuartige Architektur solcher Systeme, welche aufgrund ihrer Flexibilität die Möglichkeit bieten könnte, letztere Herausforderungen zu bewältigen."
] | ddc:004 | [
"ddc:400",
"ddc:430"
] |
55426 | Face to face : sozio-interaktive Potentiale der Videotelefonie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The present article shows an experimental subject investigation on elements of video telephony in relation to experiencing and feeling connectedness and intimacy within private interpersonal communication. Particular interests are questions about possible relationships between image detail, angle of view or perspective as well as image format or the foreign and personal perception of the communicators. Central to this is the question of whether the practices and interactions of users in dealing with communication technology can be used to derive possible conclusions on negotiation measures or even adaptation services. The obtained results are presented on the basis of an introductory theoretical discussion. It is followed by a summary and analysis as well as an outlook on the further use and significance of the results."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
55476 | The shared communicative act of theatrical texts in performance: a relevance theoretic approach | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This article adopts a relevance theoretic approach to meaning making in theatrical texts and performances. Theatrical texts communicate immediately to multiple audiences: readers, actors, directors, producers, and designers. They communicate less directly to the writer’s ultimate audience – the playgoer or spectator – through the medium of performance. But playgoers are not passive receptacles for interpretations distilled in rehearsal, enacted through performance, or developed in study and reflection. Rather, in the framework of communication postulated by relevance theory, the audience is an active participant in making meaning. I will briefly review a range of approaches to meaning making in theatre, and then outline my view of a relevance theoretic account of the vital contributions of the audience in constructing the interpretation of performance, treating it as a communicative act."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55477 | "You don’t mind my calling you Harry?" : Terms of address in John Updike’s "Rabbit" tetralogy | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This paper examines the use of address terms in John Updike’s Rabbit tetralogy (Updike 1995). The first part of the analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the great variety of terms used to address the protagonist, Harry Angstrom, in the decades covered by the novels. The second part focuses on two important side characters, Reverend Eccles and Harry’s mother-in-law. It demonstrates how address term usage with these two characters reflects ongoing changes in their relationship with Harry. The main aim of the paper is to demonstrate the potential of fictional data for the study of address terms and, in return, to capture the manifold functions of address terms as a literary device in fiction."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Soziolinguistik",
"ddc:410"
] |
55577 | Zur Sprache.kɔm : Deutsch als Fremd- und Zweitsprache ; 39. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Deutsch als Fremdsprache an der Universität Hildesheim 2012 | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Vom 31. Mai bis 2. Juni 2012 fand an der Universität Hildesheim unter dem Motto Zur Sprache.kɔm die 39. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Deutsch als Fremdsprache statt. Organisiert wurde sie zusammen mit dem Verband vom Institut für deutsche Sprache und Literatur und vom Institut für interkulturelle Kommunikation.\r\nDie Themenschwerpunkte akzentuierten je unterschiedliche Aspekte des Lernens und Lehrens von Deutsch als fremder oder zweiter Sprache: Im Themenschwerpunkt (1) Sprachlernwege wurden Lernprozesse und -erfahrungen aus der Lernerperspektive sowie Konzepte durchgängiger Sprachförderung thematisch. Mit dem Themenschwerpunkt (2) Authentische Kommunikation rückte die Diskussion um die angemessene Auswahl und Bearbeitung von Lern- und Forschungsgegenständen bei der Bearbeitung interkultureller Kommunikation ins Zentrum. Über Verfahren des Unterrichtens und Lernens diskutierten die Teilnehmer/-innen des Themenschwerpunkts (3) Kreative Methoden. Der Themenschwerpunkt (4) Professionalisierung widmete sich neuen Konzepten der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrenden im Bereich DaF und DaZ.::"
] | ddc:430 | [] |
55801 | No explanation for the historical present: temporal sequencing and discourse | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Discourses in the historical (or narrative) use of the simple present in English prohibit backshifting, though they allow forward sequencing. Unlike both reference time theories and discourse coherence theories of these temporal inferences, we propose that backshifting has a different source from narrative progression. In particular, we argue that backshifting arises through anaphora to a salient event in the preceding discourse."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55802 | Roles and the compositional semantics of role-denoting relational adjectives | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The semantics of adjectives related to nominals denoting societal roles, such as presidential (from president), have remained understudied. We examine the semantics of what we call role-denoting relational adjectives, providing a formal analysis using the notion of a frame, a unified representation for lexical knowledge, world knowledge, and context. The frames we propose are based on a constructivist philosophical understanding of social roles, leading us to posit a multi-tiered ontology of events and individuals. Using frames and our ontology, we provide a general semantics for role-denoting relational adjectives and roles"
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55803 | Focus constraints on ellipsis - an Unalternatives account | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper presents a new account of the generalization that focused elements cannot be elided, framed within Unalternative Semantics, a framework that does away with syntactic F-marking. We propose the mirror image of the generalization: what is elided cannot introduce alternatives. We implement this as a focus restriction in UAS and then go on to show how to account for MAXELIDE effects using the same technique, without making reference to any transderivational constraints."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55804 | Factors licensing embedded present tense in speech reports | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"According to Ogihara (1995), the usage of the embedded present in a speech report such as John said that Mary is in the room is restricted by the cause of John’s belief (the state that made John think that Mary is in the room): the present tense can be used only if this cause still holds at the time that John said that Mary is in the room is uttered. \r\nThis paper presents experimental evidence demonstrating that this is only one of the factors that licenses a felicitous usage of the embedded present tense. In particular, we show that the cause of belief still holding is not a necessary condition, and identify two additional, sufficient (but not necessary) factors: in cases of false belief, who is aware of the falsity of the belief and duration of the reported state. While these factors are independent, they collectively support the idea that the present tense encodes ‘current relevance’, even in embedded contexts (e.g. Costa 1972; McGilvray 1974). This gives rise to the question of how we can derive ‘current relevance’ and, in particular, whether previous analyses of the embedded present tense are adequately equipped to do so."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55805 | Equational-intensional relative clauses with syntactic reconstruction | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Analyses of scope reconstruction typically fall into two competing approaches: 'semantic reconstruction', which derives non-surface scope using semantic mechanisms, and 'syntactic reconstruction', which derives it by positing additional syntactic representations at the level of Logical Form. Grosu and Krifka (2007) proposed a semantic-reconstruction analysis for relative clauses like the gifted mathematician that Dan claims he is, in which the relative head NP can be interpreted in the scope of a lower intensional quantifier. Their analysis relies on type-shifting the relative head into a predicate of functions. We develop an alternative analysis for such relative clauses that replaces type-shifting with syntactic reconstruction. The competing analyses diverge in their predictions regarding scope possibilities in head-external relative clauses. We use Hebrew resumptive pronouns, which disambiguate a relative clause in favor of the head-external structure, to show that the prediction of syntactic reconstruction is correct. This result suggests that certain type-shifting operations are not made available by Universal Grammar."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55806 | Subjective assertions are Weak: exploring the illocutionary profile of perspective-dependent predicates | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Sentences containing subjective predicates - e.g., \"The movie was awesome\"” - are intuitively anchored to a particular perspective; this makes them different from sentences describing objective facts - e.g., \"The movie was set in 1995\". \r\nWhile authors have long debated on whether this intuition tracks a lexical distinction between subjective and factual predicates, much remains to be explored on whether, and how, the difference between these two assertions is reflected at the illocutionary level. Relying on evidence from two experiments, we show that assertions containing subjective predicates display different discourse behavior from objective assertions. We take these findings to support the idea that SAs should be assigned a special illocutionary profile, unveiling a genuine empirical difference between subjective and factual speech."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55807 | Decomposing cornering effects: an experimental study | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Alternative Questions with \"or not\" (NAQ) convey a cornering effect, which is not found with they polar counterparts (PQ). This effect has been claimed to consist of two parts (Biezma 2009): NAQs (i) cannot be used discourse-initially and (ii) they do not license followup questions/subquestions. \r\nIn this paper, we ask the following: Are both parts of cornering linked to the same property of NAQs? Or do they reflect distinct linguistic phenomena? We explore the issue by comparing the behavior of NAQs to Complement Alternative Questions (CAQ), a type of question that, like NAQs, presents logically opposite alternatives but, unlike NAQs, fully spells out the second one. Results from two experiments suggest that both parts of cornering can instead be explained in terms of independent semantic and pragmatic principles, which operate beyond the domain of alternative questions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55808 | Scalar diversity and negative strengthening | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In recent years, experimental research has demontrated great variability in the rates of scalar inferences across different triggering expressions (Doran et al. 2009, 2012, van Tiel et al. 2016). These studies have been taken as evidence against the so-called uniformity assumption, which posits that scalar implicature is triggered by a single mechanism and that the behaviour of one scale should generalize to the whole family of scales. In the following, we present an experimental study that tests negative strengthening for a variety of strong scalar terms, following up on van Tiel et al. (2016). For example, we tested whether the statement John is not brilliant is strengthened to mean that John is not intelligent (see especially Horn 1989). We show that endorsement rates of the scalar implicature (e.g., John is intelligent but not brilliant) are anti-correlated with endorsements of negative strengthening. Further, we demonstrate that a modified version of the uniformity hypothesis taking into account negative strengthening is consistent with van Tiel et al.’s data. Therefore, variation across scales may be more systematic than suggested by the van Tiel et al. study."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55809 | Embedded implicature in a new interactive paradigm | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Previous research on scalar implicature has primarily relied on metalinguistic judgment tasks and found varying rates of such inferences depending on the nature of the task and contextual manipulations. This paper introduces a novel interactive paradigm involving both a production and a comprehension component, thereby fixing a precise conversational context.\r\nThe main research question is what is reliably communicated by some in this communicative setting, when the quantifier occurs in unembedded positions as well as embedded positions. Our new paradigm involves an action-based task from which participants’ interpretation of utterances can be inferred. It incorporates a game–theoretic design, including a precise model to predict participants’ behaviour in the experimental context. \r\nOur study shows that embedded and unembedded implicatures are reliably communicated by some. We propose two cognitive principles which describe what can be left unsaid. In our experimental context, a production strategy based on these principles is more efficient (with equal communicative success and shorter utterances) than a strategy based on literal descriptions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55810 | Modal height and modal flavor: The case of Wolof 'di' | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The Wolof imperfective auxiliary di is compatible with event-in-progress, habitual and future readings. Furthermore, while varieties of all these readings are available for di when it sits in a syntactically low position, only future readings are available when it sits in a syntactically high position. We aim to account for this puzzle by combining several ingredients independently motivated in the literature: (i) event-relative circumstantial modality for event-in-progress, habitual, and a subset of future readings; (ii) metaphyisical modality for generalized future readings; (iii) the idea that syntactic height determines the type of modal anchor that projects a modal base. This study contributes to our understanding of the relation between syntactic height and modal flavor, as well as the nature of modal-aspectual interactions cross-linguistically."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55811 | Miners and modals | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"I generalise Kolodny and MacFarlane’s miners puzzle by showing epistemic analogues of their case exist. After motivating various conservative approaches to the original problem, I show how they fail to solve the problem in its epistemic guise. I argue that a probabilistic approach to information-sensitivity gives a general solution to the problem."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55812 | Children’s comprehension of pronouns and definites | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"We present an experiment which tests children’s comprehension of the requirements of use of pronouns and definites. An adult-like use of definites and pronouns imposes different but related requirements. In the case of definites, a unique referent is required in the context, whereas in the case of a pronoun, the referent in the context has to be salient. In this experiment, we use a novel word task to test three-year-olds’ sensitivity to these requirements. Our results show that children are adult-like in their sensitivity to salience in their comprehension of pronouns, compared to definites. However, they failed to show sensitivity to the uniqueness requirement on the use of definites."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55813 | 'Painting cows' from a type-logical perspective | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Depiction verbs such as paint license i(mage)- and p(ortrait)-readings; for instance, Ben painted a cow can convey that Ben produced an image of an unspecific cow or a portrait of a specific cow. This paper takes issue with a property-based intensional analysis of depiction verbs (Zimmermann, 2006b, 2016) and instead argues for an extensional account. Accordingly, the i-reading is rooted in the introduction of worldly representations by the explicit noun cow as such, whereas the p-reading is rooted in the interpolation of an implicit representation via coercion. This take on the ambiguity captures the following key traits. On i-readings, only representations are accessible to quantifiers and anaphors; moreover, intensional effects such as substitution failure disappear once ordinary objects and representations are adequately distinguished. P-readings, by contrast, involve representations that depend on the portrayed ordinary objects as particulars; correspondingly, only ordinary objects are accessible to quantifiers and anaphors. The proposal is spelled out in Asher’s (2011) Type Composition Logic."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55814 | On acquiring a complex personal reference system: experimental results from Thai children with autism | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Reference of pronouns may be constrained via lexical presuppositions, including marked F-features, implicated presuppositions, and deictic center shifting in certain languages.\r\nThis paper explores the acquisition of personal reference terms in Thai, a language that has a highly complex personal reference system. The participants of the study were 67 typicallydeveloping children (TD) and 29 children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), a population which has long been observed to have difficulties with pronouns. The children were asked to complete simple production and comprehension tasks on personal reference terms. Overall, ASD children performed on par in production but significantly poorer in comprehension than TD children. Given the freedom of choice in the production task, ASD children preferred using fixed referential terms for self-reference, whereas TD children opted for personal pronouns. In terms of comprehension, ASD children were shown to generally be able to detect the person features but they seemed to struggle the most with the pragmatic aspects of personal reference terms. Our results support previous literature that lexical presuppositions are acquired earlier than implicated presuppositions. We add to the literature that the types or the amount of implicated presuppositions matter in acquisition"
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55815 | Context updates in head-final languages: linear order or hierarchy? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper argues that extant approaches to presupposition projection that either rely on strict linear order (Schlenker, 2009) or hierarchy (Romoli and Mandelkern, 2017) cannot provide a uniform account of data drawn from head-final languages. While building on Schlenker’s theory, this paper resolves the issues by restricting the calculation of local contexts to specific points in the parsing process. The consequence is that the theory makes a prediction robust to the head directionality parameter"
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55816 | Interpreting presuppositions in the scope of quantifiers: 'every' vs. 'at least one' | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper experimentally investigates presupposition projection from the scope of the quantifiers every and at least one, as triggered by the factive verb be aware and the iterative adverb again. \r\nThe first issue we are concerned with is whether presuppositions project universally or existentially from quantified sentences. Different theoretical accounts endorse opposing views here (e.g., Heim, 1983; Geurts, 1999; Beaver, 2001; Schlenker, 2008, 2009; Fox, 2012), while recent experimental work (Chemla, 2009; Tiemann, 2014) suggests that the force of the projected presupposition varies by quantifier. \r\nThe second issue we look at is how the descriptively observed readings arise—in particular, as a direct result output from the projection mechanism, or via additional, independent mechanisms such as domain restriction (e.g., Geurts and van Tiel, 2016): if the domain of the quantifier is restricted, this can yield what looks like non-universal inferences in light of the overall, unrestricted domain, even if the projection mechanism itself yields a universal presupposition. Finally, we test whether the presupposed content also forms part of the entailed content, at least for certain triggers (Sudo, 2012; Klinedinst, 2016; Zehr and Schwarz, 2016). \r\nOur results yield clearly different patterns for every and at least one, with every giving rise to universal presuppositions, which, to a very limited extent, can be weakened by domain restriction, and at least one overwhelmingly giving rise to non-universal presuppositions. Our results also indicate the availability of presupposition-less readings for both triggers in the task at hand, apparently more prevalent than domain restriction. Thereby, we present novel evidence that helps to pinpoint which of the theoretical options can be substantiated experimentally."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55817 | A new kind of epistemic indefinite | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Tiwa (Tibeto-Burman; India) has two series of epistemic indefinites: one whose epistemic effects arise via an anti-singleton constraint similar to Spanish alg´un (Alonso-Ovalle and Men´endez-Benito, 2010), and another, wide-scope indefinite whose epistemic effects must be derived differently. I propose that for these latter indefinites, ignorance arises not through domain constraints, but as a result of their choice functional nature through competition with other indefinites. Tiwa’s wide scope indefinites then constitute a new kind of epistemic indefinite, showing that ignorance implicatures for indefinites can arise through different sorts of competition."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55818 | Counterfactual donkeys don’t get high | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"I present data that suggest the universal entailments of counterfactual donkey sentences aren’t as universal as some have claimed. I argue that this favors the strategy of attributing these entailments to a special property of the similarity ordering on worlds provided by some contexts, rather than to a semantically encoded sensitivity to assignment."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55819 | Focus on what’s not at issue: gestures, presuppositions, appositives under contrastive focus | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper is an attempt to systematically investigate how contrastive focus interacts with various types of not-at-issue content (co-speech and post-speech gestures, lexical presuppositions, and appositives). I look, in particular, at when focus forces at-issue interpretations of typically not-at-issue content, when it does not, and when such at-issue interpretations are impossible even to satisfy focus-related requirements. \r\nI conclude that the main factors affecting how a given type of content aligns along these dimensions are its prosodic (in)dependence and level of attachment in the syntax. The two factors also interact in a non-trivial way, in particular for gestures, which I use as a basis for an analysis of gestures that does not assume that their temporal alignment directly determines their semantics (contra Ebert and Ebert, 2014; Ebert, 2017; Schlenker, 2018), but instead relies on syntax/semantics and syntax/prosody interaction."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55820 | Partition by exhaustification: comments on Dayal 1996 | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper I argue for a new constraint on questions, namely that a question denotation (a set of propositions) must map to a partition of a Stalnakerian Context-Set by point-wise exhaustification (point-wise application of the function Exh). The presupposition that Dayal attributes to an Answer operator follows from this constraint, if we assume a fairly standard definition of Exh (Krifka, 1995). But the constraint is more restrictive thereby deriving the sensitivity of higher order quantification to negative islands (Spector, 2008).\r\nMoreover, when combined with recent proposals about the nature of Exh - designed primarily to account for the conjunctive interpretation of disjunction (e.g. Bar-Lev and Fox, 2017) - Dayal’s presupposition follows only in certain environments. This observation allows for an account of the \"mention-some\" interpretation of questions that makes specific distributional predictions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55821 | The processing cost of Downward Entailingness: the representation and verification of comparative constructions | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"We bring experimental considerations to bear on the structure of comparatives and on our understanding of how quantifiers are processed. At issue are mismatches between the standard view of quantifier processing cost and results from speeded verification experiments with comparative quantifiers. We build our case in several steps:\r\n 1. We show that the standard view, which attributes processing cost to the verification process, accounts for some aspects of the data, but fails to cover the main effect of monotonicity on measured behavior. We derive a prediction of this view for comparatives, and show that it is not borne out. \r\n2. We consider potential reasons - experimental and theoretical - for this theory-data mismatch. \r\n3. We describe a new processing experiment with comparative quantifiers, designed to address the experimental concerns. Its results still point to the inadequacy of the standard view. \r\n4. We review the semantics of comparative constructions and their potential processing implications. 5. We revise the definition of quantifier processing cost and tie it to the number of Downward Entailing (DE) operators at Logical Form (LF). We show how this definition successfully reconciles the theory-data mismatch. 6. The emerging picture calls for a distinction between the complexity of verified representations and the complexity of the verification process itself."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55822 | Linguistic barriers to logical reasoning: a new perspective on Aristotelian syllogisms | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Experimental studies investigating logical reasoning performance show very high error rates of up to 80% and more. Previous research identified scalar inferences of the sentences of logical arguments as a major error source. We present new analytical tools to quantify the impact of scalar inferences on syllogistic reasoning. Our proposal builds on a new classification of Aristotelian syllogisms and a closely linked classification of reasoning behaviors/strategies.\r\nWe argue that the variation in error rates across syllogistic reasoning tasks is in part due to individual variation: reasoners follow different reasoning strategies and these strategies play out differently for syllogisms of different classes."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55823 | A comparison of "fei" and "aber" | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper compares the modal particle fei (Schlieben-Lange, 1979; Thoma, 2009) with the modal particle/sentence adverb aber (not to be confused with the conjunction aber, ‘but’). Intuitively, both items express some form of contrast and correction. We will show that both are special among discourse particles in the following sense: They make a contribution that is interpreted at a level distinct from the level where at-issue content (Potts, 2005) is interpreted, as is standard for modal particles (see Gutzmann, 2015 and the references therein). But more interestingly, they exclusively relate to propositions that have not entered the Common Ground via being the at-issue content of an assertion made by the addressee."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55831 | A formal pragmatic account of Double Access | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper argues that Double Access sentences in English (Smith, 1978) are a kind of loose talk. When the meaning of a Double Access sentence is computed literally, the result is infelicity. Double Access sentences can be used meaningfully only when rescued by pragmatics which intervenes to interpret the embedded clause loosely. A formal model for loose interpretation, building on Klecha (2018), is provided."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55832 | Hard cases of third readings in terms of the Standard Solution | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Schwager (2011) and Sudo (2014) argued that there are cases of the so-called third readings of attitude reports, initially discovered by Fodor (1970), that cannot be accounted for in terms of a theory of indexed world variables (Percus, 2000), which is often referred to as the Standard Solution. More complicated alternatives to the Standard Solution have been recently formulated in the literature in a number of papers. We argue that all the seemingly problematic cases can be naturally accounted for in terms of the Standard Solution, if we take into account the existence of previously unrecognized elided material in these reports."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55833 | Questioning speech acts | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The function of mapping from the semantic content of an utterance to its convention of use (a division of labor first made by Frege (1956)) has been attributed to abstract speech act operators (also known as force operators), such as ASSERT, QUESTION, and COMMAND. These operators have been traditionally assumed to occupy the highest echelons of the clausal periphery. The precise formulation of these operators has attracted a lot of attention from semanticists, as they are crucial for formalizing the diverse discourse functions of speech acts (Farkas and Bruce, 2009; Farkas and Roelofsen, 2017; Malamud and Stepheson, 2015; Krifka, 2015). These high operators usually come packaged with two assumptions: i) they are not embeddable under other elements, and ii) they belong to the realm of pure pragmatics and not compositional semantics. Recent research in both semantics and syntax have challenged these assumptions (Krifka, 2015; Davis, 2011; Wiltschko, 2017; Heim et al., 2016). Based on evidence from a language with a rich array of sentence-final particles (SFPs), Cantonese, we argue in this paper that not only are abstract speech operators embeddable, it is also the case that we need compositional mechanisms in these high regions of the clause. We will investigate the SFP stacking phenomenon, and argue that such grammaticalized operations on speech act operators reveal the need for a system that can compose the content of an utterance with multiple particles that update the discourse in a number of different, non-trivial ways."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55834 | Distinguishing coercion and underspecification in Type Composition Logic | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper investigates the meaning adaptability of change of state (CoS) verbs. It\r\nargues that both coercion and underspecification are necessary mechanisms in order to properly\r\naccount for the semantic adaptability observable for CoS verbs in combination with their\r\ncomplements. This type of meaning adaptability has received little formal attention to date,\r\nalthough some recent work has already led the way on this topic (Spalek, 2014; Lukassek and\r\nSpalek, 2016; Asher et al., 2017). Our paper is part of a cross-linguistic case study of German\r\neinfrieren and Spanish congelar (‘freeze’). We model the meaning adaptability of this test case\r\nwithin Type Composition Logic (TCL) (Asher, 2011). We build on Asher’s coercion mechanism\r\nand introduce an additional mechanism for underspecification that exploits the fine-grained type\r\nsystem in TCL."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55835 | Degrees as nominalized properties: evidence from differential verbal comparatives in Mandarin Chinese | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Whether degrees should be modeled as simple semantic primitives or ontologically complex entities has been an issue in recent formal semantic research. This article aims to make a contribution to this scholarly enterprise by investigating the Differential Verbal Comparative (DVC) construction in Chinese. DVCs exhibit peculiar properties : (i) obligatory differentials, and (ii) DPs as differentials(e.g., liang ben xiaoshuo ‘two CL novel’). \r\nWe propose that a degree is the entity correlate of a property that is formed on the basis of a measure, akin to Chierchia-style kind. This new kind of degree, coupled with a difference function-based semantics for comparatives, correctly predicts the behaviors of DVCs which would otherwise remain formally inscrutable. This article’s contributions are twofold: (i) it provides direct support for the degree-as-kind analysis by extending its empirical scope; and (ii) by combining degrees as kinds with a difference function-based semantics, it represents an improvement over the previous degree-as-kind analysis based on linear ordering."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55836 | Time in probabilistic causation: direct vs. indirect uses of lexical causative verbs | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"It is traditionally assumed that lexical causative verbs (e.g. kill) express direct causation only, while periphrastic (bi-clausal) causatives (e.g. cause to die) may also express indirect causation. In favour of this constraint, Fodor famously observed that the (change of) state introduced by lexical causative verbs is not accessible for separate adverbial modification by temporal (or manner) adverbials. In this paper, I present old and new arguments against the direct causation constraint under the definitions of directness of Fodor and Wolff. I then propose a new definition of directness in terms of ab-initio causal sufficiency framed in Kvart’s probabilistic account of singular causation. I argue that directness so redefined is an implicature rather than an entailment of lexical causative verbs, which enables me to account for old and new data. Furthermore, I account for why the constraint on separate modification by temporal adverbials can be relaxed with eventuality-denoting subjects."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55837 | On competing degree morphemes in verbs of change in Southern Aymara | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper, I address verbal predicates of change in Southern Aymara, an understudied Andean language. I concentrate on verbs that are derived with the suffix -cha. This suffix derives degree achievements and creation predicates. I propose that they should be analyzed uniformly as degree achievements. The main empirical point of this paper is that there are two degree morphemes that combine with verbs with -cha, namely, a covert positive morpheme v.POS and an overt suffix -su. The latter is a degree morpheme that restricts the standard of comparison to lexical or contextual maximal degrees. I propose an analysis in terms of Maximize Presupposition: v.POS and -su constitute lexical alternatives where the latter is preferred over the former when maximal values are reached. v.POS is thus felicitous when no maximum is reached. The discussion bears on how telicity is achieved cross-linguistically when degree achievements are considered, thus enriching our typologies on the topic."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55838 | Extreme nouns and maximizers | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Maximizers (completamente ‘completely’, totalmente ‘totally’) are degree modifiers restricted to maximum standard adjectives. Spanish adjectives of completeness [ACs] (completo ‘complete’, total ‘total’) display a behavior similar to that of their adverbial counterparts when they combine with nouns like idiot. This paper argues that ACs are maximality modifiers of idiot-like nouns, which are defended to be gradable and denote extreme degrees of properties.\r\nEstablishing a parallelism between adverbs and adjectives of completeness allows us to explore scalarity across categories and the relevance of scale structure in the nominal domain."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55839 | Some kind of relative clause | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Amount Relatives (ARs) differ from restrictive relative clauses in that they do not refer to a particular object denoted by the head of the relative clause, but to an amount of such objects (Carlson, 1977a; Heim, 1987). Traditionally, ARs have been regarded as degree expressions.\r\nIn this paper I argue against this view and propose instead that amount interpretations of relative clauses are in fact a special case of kind interpretation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55840 | Underspecified changes: a dynamic, probabilistic frame theory for verbs | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The verb ‘rise’ can be used both with property-denoting nouns like ‘temperature’ but also with NPs like ‘a Titan’ or ‘China’. Whereas in the former case the change triggered by a rising event is directly related to the subject (its current value increases), this does not hold for ‘a titan’ or ‘China’. In this case it is a property of these objects, say their height or their political power, which increases in value. Furthermore, ‘rise’ does not target a particular property as the examples above show. This data has led Cooper (2010) to the conclusion that it is presumably not possible (i) “to extract a single general meaning of words which covers all the particular meanings of the word in context”, and (ii) “to determine once and for all the set of particular contextually determined meanings of a word”. In this article we present a solution to the two problems raised by ‘rise’ in a frame theory. ‘Rise’ is analyzed as a scalar verb which does not lexicalize a complete scale in its meaning. Rather, it shows underspecification relative to the dimension (property) parameter of a scale. The set of admissible properties is determined by a constraint on the value ranges of properties. If the property is not uniquely determined by the subject, the comprehender uses probabilistic reasoning based on world knowledge and discourse information to defeasibly infer the most likely candidates from this set (2nd problem).\r\nThe first problem is solved not by simply introducing objects into the representation of a discourse but instead by pairs consisting of an object and an associated frame component which collects the object information contributed by the discourse. Changes triggered by events like the one denoted by ‘rise’ are modelled as update operations on the frame component while the object component is left unchanged."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55841 | Coreference and disjoint reference in the semantics of narrative dance | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper presents an exploratory production study of Bharatanatyam, a figurative (narrative) dance. We investigate the encoding of coreference vs. disjoint reference in this dance and argue that a formal semantics of narrative dance can be modeled in line with Abusch’s (2013, 2014, 2015) semantics of visual narrative (drawing also on Schlenker’s, 2017a, approach to music semantics). A main finding of our investigation is that larger-level group-boundaries (Charnavel, 2016) can be seen as triggers for discontinuity inferences (possibly involving the dynamic shift from one salient entity to another)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55842 | Constraining (shifting) types at the interface | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper argues that traces only range over individual semantic types and cannot be type shifted into higher types to circumvent this restriction. The evidence comes from movement targeting positions where DPs must denote properties and the behavior of definite descriptions in these positions. These constraints on possible traces demonstrate that syntactic operations impose active restrictions on permissible semantic types in natural language."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
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55843 | Embedding non-restrictive relative clauses | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Schlenker (2010) recently provided data from English and French suggesting that, contrary to standard assumptions (McCawley, 1982; Potts, 2005; Arnold, 2007; AnderBois et al., 2011), non-restrictive relative clauses (NRCs) can take narrow scope under operators of the sentence within which they are embedded. This paper presents three experiments in German confirming this claim. The results show that embedded readings are available with NRCs in German and give first insights into the puzzle under which conditions these embedded readings do or do not show up."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55844 | Split-antecedent relative clauses and the symmetry of predicates | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper presents the results of two experiments in German testing the acceptability of (non-)restrictive relative clauses (NRCs/RRCs) with split antecedents (SpAs). According to Moltmann (1992), SpAs are only grammatical if their parts occur within the conjuncts of a coordinate structure and if they have identical grammatical functions. Non-conjoined SpAs that form the subject and the object of a transitive verb are predicted to be ungrammatical. Our study shows that the acceptability of such examples improves significantly if the predicate that relates the parts of the SpA is symmetric. Moreover, it suggests that NRCs and RRCs behave differently in these cases with respect to the SpA-construal. We can make sense of this observation if we follow Winter (2016) in assuming that transitive symmetric predicates have to be analyzed as unary collective predicates and thus provide a collective antecedent for the RC at the semantic (not the syntactic) level. As we will argue, this accounts for some of the disagreement we found in the literature and gives us new insights into both the semantics of symmetric predicates and the semantics of NRCs."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55845 | Responsive predicates are question-embedding: evidence from Estonian | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The proper semantic treatment of the complements of Responsive Predicates (ResPs), those predicates which may embed either declarative or interrogative clauses, is a longstanding puzzle, given standard assumptions about complement selection. In order to avoid positing systematic polysemy for ResPs, typical treatments of ResP complements treat their arguments either as uniformly declarative-like (propositional) or interrogative-like (question).\r\nI shed new light on this question with novel data from Estonian, in which there are verbs think-like meanings with declarative complements and wonder-like meanings with interrogative complements. I argue that these verbs’ meaning is fundamentally incompatible with a proposition-taking semantics for ResPs, and therefore a question-taking semantics is to be preferred."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55846 | Presuppositional implicatures: quantity or maximize presupposition? | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Schlenker (2012) proposes that when framed within a modern Stalnakerian view of presupposition and common ground (Stalnaker, 1998, 2002), Maximize Presupposition! (Heim, 1991; Sauerland, 2008) can be viewed as a special case of the maxim of Quantity (Grice, 1975).\r\nWe provide data suggesting that in some cases, Maximize Presupposition! applies even when speakers are not expected to use a presupposition as vectors of new information. We argue that these data support the view that Maximize Presupposition! is an independent pragmatic principle, distinct from Quantity."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55847 | The semantics of Turkish numeral constructions | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper explores Turkish numeral constructions, which have typologically two interesting properties: (i) the existence of an optional classifier, (ii) the incompatibility of plurals with them. I argue that numerals are modifiers of type <<e,t>,<e,t>> defined only for atomic properties (Ionin and Matushansky 2006). The explanation rests on the semantics of bare singulars proposed to denote sets of atoms (contra Bale et al. 2010), and the semantics of the classifier claimed to be a partial identity function presupposing atomic properties."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55848 | The pa/wa of imperative alternatives | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper deals with topic markers interacting with discourse information in imperatives. It compares two topic markers from Slovenian (‘pa’) and Japanese (‘-wa’) and shows that while they mostly match in terms of the foci they associate with, their functions differ in imperatives: only ‘pa’ may yield a concessive imperative reading. It is shown that this reading can be derived while keeping a single entry for ‘pa’ by making attitudes of discourse participants part of the focus ‘pa’ associates with. The split between Slovenian and Japanese can then be attributed to minor differences in terms of which foci ‘pa’ and ‘-wa’ may associate with."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55849 | The similarity approach strikes back: negation in counterfactuals | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The meaning of counterfactual conditionals is standardly described using the similarity approach (Stalnaker, 1968; Lewis, 1973). This approach has recently been challenged by Ciardelli et al. (2018). They argue that the similarity approach is in principle unable to account for the meaning of counterfactuals with an antecedent consisting of a conjunction embedded under a negation (¬(p^q)). Ciardelli et al. (2018) dismiss the approach on these grounds and offer an alternative. The main goal of the present paper is to defend the similarity approach against this attack. I will argue that the problem that underlies the observations in Ciardelli et al. 2018 is more general and not solved by the solution they offer. I will furthermore argue, against Ciardelli et al. (2018), that the cause of the problem is not the similarity approach, but the interaction of negation with the meaning of counterfactual conditionals. The paper will conclude with a first outline of a solution for the problem, which still uses the similarity approach, but combines it with an alternative semantics for negation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55850 | Decomposing universal projection in questions | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Revising a proposal by Guerzoni (2003), we propose to derive universal projection of presuppositions in wh-questions, where attested, from a family of three felicity conditions on question use. Assuming that these felicity conditions can be violated under certain conditions, this proposal predicts a typology of contexts where universal projection can exceptionally be unattested. We propose that this prediction is correct, presenting a family of scenarios where the expected absence of universal projection is observed."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55851 | Ever free relatives crosslinguistically | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Based on a sample of seven languages, I show that the so-called modal inferences in ever free relatives (ignorance and indifference) are not universally available. The primary reading of ever free relatives crosslinguistically turns out to be a “non-modal” one, which is available to all languages under investigation. The implication is that if there is a modal inference triggered by the use of the ever-morpheme in FRs, the inference is likely to have a source external to the ever free relative (Lauer, 2009; Condoravdi, 2015; Hirsch, 2016). In line with this conclusion, I propose to generalize Hirsch’s (2016) analysis of ignorance ever free relatives, suggesting that all ever free relatives, no matter how they are ultimately interpreted, are instances of (un)conditionals + donkey-anaphoric definite descriptions."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55852 | Alternating conj/disjunctions: the case of Japanese "-toka" and "-tari" | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper investigates the interpretation of Japanese -toka and -tari, two nonexhaustive particles that receive conjunctive interpretations in upward-entailing environments, but disjunctive interpretations in downward-entailing and question contexts.\r\nWe analyze -toka and -tari as items that introduce unstructured sets of alternatives in a Hamblin-style alternative semantics (Hamblin, 1973; Kratzer and Shimoyama, 2002), and derive their conjunctive and disjunctive readings via an interaction between these sets and the semantics of the environment containing them."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55853 | "good" as a predicate of worlds | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The paper proposes a new semantics for good-predications involving finite if -and that-clauses. The proposal combines a standard semantics for conditionals with a standard semantics for the positive form of gradable adjectives and a minimal semantics for modal good. The predicted truth-conditions and conditions of use solve the mood puzzle presented in the first part of the paper. The remainder of the paper defends the classical notion of comparative goodness in terms of a comparison between possible worlds against Lassiter (2017)’s challenge."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55854 | Shared mechanism underlying unembedded and embedded enrichments:
evidence from enrichment priming | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In this paper, we use a priming paradigm to explore the mechanisms underlying unembedded and embedded scalar enrichments. In particular, the aim is to see if local pragmatic enrichment could be a shared mechanism, involved in both. The two experiments presented adopt Bott & Chemla's (2016) enrichment priming paradigm and test whether unembedded and embedded enrichments could prime each other. The goal is to investigate whether local pragmatic enrichment is indeed being accessed for the interpretation of the unembedded scalar and whether local enrichments, like other lexical semantic phenomena, are susceptible to priming."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55855 | Generics and typicality | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Cimpian et al. (2010) observed that we accept generic statements of the form 'Gs are f' on relatively weak evidence, but that if we are unfamiliar with group G and we learn a generic statement about it, we still interpret it in a much stronger way: (almost) all Gs are f . \r\nThis paper makes use of notions like 'representativeness' and 'contingency' from (associative learning) psychology to provide a semantics of generics that explains why people accept generics based on weak evidence. We make use of the Heuristics and Biases approach of Tversky and Kahneman (1974) and the Associative Theory of Probability Judgements to explain pragmatically why people interpret generic statements in a much stronger way. The spirit of the approach has much in common with Leslie's (2008) cognition-based ideas about generics, but the semantics is grounded on Cohen's (1999) relative readings of generic sentences. The basic intuition is that a generic of the form 'Gs are f' is true, not because most Gs are (or tend to have) f , but because f is typical for G, which means that f is valuably associated with G."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
55861 | Adapting MAIN to Arabic | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper provides some brief background information on the Arabic language and describes how MAIN (Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives) was adapted to several varieties of Arabic."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Arabisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
55862 | Storytelling and retelling in Bulgarian: a contrastive
perspective on the Bulgarian adaptation of MAIN | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Bulgarian belongs to the South Slavic language group but exhibits specific linguistic features shared with the non-Slavic languages of the Balkan Sprachbund. In this paper, we discuss linguistic and cultural aspects relevant for the Bulgarian adaptation of the revised English version of The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN). We address typological properties of the verbal system pertaining to a differentiated aspectual system and to a paradigm of verbal forms for narratives grammaticalized as renarrative mood in Bulgarian. Further, we consider lexical, derivational and discourse cohesive means in contrast to the English markers of involvement and perspective taking in the MAIN stories."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Bulgarisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
55863 | The Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN): Adding Cantonese to MAIN | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper gives an introduction to the Cantonese adaptation of Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN), which is part of the Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings (LITMUS) battery. We here discuss the motivation for adapting this assessment instrument into Cantonese, the adaptation process itself and potential contexts for use of the Cantonese MAIN."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Kantonesisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
55864 | Adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) to Catalan | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN; Gagarina, et al., 2019) to Catalan contributes to advancing our knowledge of the development of children’s narrative skills in a diversity of languages using the same protocol, making it possible to evaluate narratives also in Catalan-speakers. The adaptation of MAIN will be very useful in Catalonia, because it is a region where two official languages (Catalan and Spanish) coexist, Catalan being the language of schooling, so that most of the population is bilingual. However, currently there is no instrument for assessing narrative skills that allows for parallel assessment of Catalan in bilingual children. For these reasons, this adaptation will be of great value to promote the study of narratives in the bilingual population considering Catalan within the possible language combinations. The present paper describes the process of adapting MAIN to Catalan and reports results from the first pilot study using the Catalan MAIN."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Katalanisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
55865 | The Croatian adaptation of the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper presents the Croatian version of the Multilingual Assessment tool for Narratives (MAIN), outlines its development and describes the research that has used it to assess narrative skills in monolingual and bilingual speakers. The Croatian version of MAIN has so far been used in three research projects and results have been presented in five peer-reviewed articles (published or in press) covering a total of 175 children in the age range from 5;0 to 9;0 (20 with developmental language disorder) and 60 adults, age range from 22 to 76. The accumulated results indicate that MAIN can differentiate narrative skills of speakers in distinct age groups and can distinguish children with language disorders form children with typical language development."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Kroatisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
55866 | The adaptation of MAIN to Danish | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"This paper describes the process of adapting the Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (LITMUS-MAIN) to Danish and the use of MAIN in a Danish context. First, there is a brief description of the Danish language followed by details of the process of translating and adapting the MAIN manual to Danish. Finally, we briefly describe some of the research contexts in which the current and previous MAIN materials have been piloted and applied."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Dänisch",
"Spracherwerb",
"Sprachtest",
"ddc:410"
] |
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