doc_id stringlengths 1 5 | doc_title stringlengths 2 371 | doc_lang stringclasses 15 values | doc_type stringclasses 19 values | doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4 | ddc stringclasses 71 values | doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70936 | Mehrsprachigkeit in Mediasch : ein Beitrag zur Linguistic Landscape | deu | doc-type:article | [
"This study aims to present the linguistic landscape of a transylvanian city, namely Mediaș, using the Linguistic Landscape method. It is investigated in which areas of the public space the languages of the historical national minorities are present. The corpus includes inscriptions from the public space that have been analysed and classified according to certain criteria."
] | ddc:300 | [
"ddc:400",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:450"
] |
71060 | Poetics of reduplicative word formation: evidence from a rating and recall experiment | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Reduplicative words like chiffchaff or helter-skelter are part of ordinary language use yet most often found in substandard registers in which attitudinal and expressive meaning components are iconically foregrounded. In a rating experiment using nonwords that either conform to, or deviate from, conventional reduplicative patterns in German, the present study identified affective meaning dimensions, judgments of familiarity and esthetic evaluations of sound qualities associated with such words. In a subsequent recall test, we examined\r\nthe respective mnemonic potential of the different types of reduplication. Results suggest that, in the absence of semantic content, reduplicative forms are inherently associated with\r\nseveral affective meaning associations that are generally considered positive. Two types of reduplicative patterns, namely full reduplication and [i-a]-vowel-alternating reduplication,\r\nboost these positive effects to a particularly pronounced degree, leading to an increase in perceived euphony, funniness, familiarity, appreciation, and positive belittling (cuteness) and, at the same time, a decrease in arousal. These two types also turn out to be particularly memorable when compared both to other types of reduplication and to non-reduplicative structures. This study demonstrates that reduplicative morphology may in and of itself, that is, irrespective of the phonemic and the semantic content, contribute to the affective meaning and esthetic evaluation of words."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
7147 | Indo-European vocabulary in Old Chinese : a new thesis on the emergence of Chinese language and civilization in the late Neolithic age | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This study is a much expanded version of the paper I read at the XXXII International Congress for Asian and North African Studies on August 28, 1986 in Hamburg (Germany). Contents 1. Recent developments in the field of historical linguistics 2. Monosyllabic structure of Chinese words and Indo-European stems 3. Tonal accents of Middle Chinese 4. Preliminaries on the comparison of consonants and vowels 5. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of entering tone 6. Middle Chinese tones and final consonants of IE stems 7. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of rising tone 8. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of vanishing tone 9. Some IE stems corresponding to Chinese words of level tone 10. Reconstruction of Middle Chinese vocalism according to Yün-ching 11. Old Chinese vocalism 12. Vocalic correspondences between Chinese and IE 13. Initials of Old Chinese 14. Initial consonant clusters in Old Chinese as seen from IE-stems 15. Proximity of Chinese to Germanic 16. Relation of Old Chinese to neighboring languages 17. Emergence of Chinese Empire and language in the middle of the third millennium B.C. Appendix * Abbrevations * Bibliography * Rhyme Tables of Early Middle Chinese (600) * Rhyme Tables of Early Mandarin (1300) * Word Index o English o Pinyin In 1786, just over two hundred years ago, comparative historical linguistics was born, when Sir William Jones (1746-1794) discovered the relationship between Old-Indian Sanskrit, Greek, and Latin. Since then, the emerging Indo-European philology has thrown much light on the early history of mankind in Eurasia. During the past two hundred years, many suggestions were also made in regard to relationships of Indo-European to other languages such as Semitic, Altaic, Austronesian, Korean etc., but Indo-Europeanists commonly rejected such attempts for want of convincing evidence. As to Chinese, Joseph Edkins was the first to advance the thesis of its proximity to Indo-European. In his work China's Place in Philology. An Attempt to show that the Language of Europe and Asia have a Common Origin (1871) he presented a number of Chinese words similar to those of Indo-European. In his time, Edkins' thesis seemed bold and extravagant. But today, more than a hundred years later, we are in a much better position to carry out a comprehensive and well-founded comparative study. Since the end of the nineteenth century, many Sinologists have been engaged in reconstruction of the mediaeval and archaic readings of Chinese characters. Among them, Karlgren (1889-1978) was the most successful, and in 1940 he published a comprehensive phonological and etymological dictionary entitled Grammata Serica. In the meantime, the Indo-Europeanists Alois Walde (1869-1924) and Julius Pokorny (1887-1970) were devoting themselves to the compilation of a useful etymological dictionary. The result was the Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch by Pokorny (1959) which provides a solid basis for our lexical comparisons. Soon thereafter, some Sinologists made use of the two dictionaries by Karlgren and Pokorny to compare Chinese and Indo-European words. In 1967, an unaffiliated German scholar, Jan Ulenbrook, published an article \"Einige Übereinstirnrnungen zwischen dem Chinesischen und dem Indogermanischen\", in which he claimed that 57 words are related. Shortly afterwards, Tor Ulving of the University of Goteborg, Sweden, wrote a review of this article framing the title as a question: \"Indo-European elements in Chinese?\" While working on his thesis on word families in Chinese, Ulving compiled for his own use two dictionaries: \"Archaic Chinese - English\" and \"English - Archaic Chinese\", and discovered thereby 238 Chinese words similar to Indo-European roots. In spite of this considerable number of word equivalents, however, Mr. Ulving became discouraged and, as he told me in his letter of April, 1986, has given up his researches in this field. The skepticism, common among Indo-Europeanists in regard to comparative studies with other languages, is largely based on the dogmatic opinion that only morphology is relevant but not vocabulary. Since the typology of Chinese seems to preclude a cognate relation to Indo-European, they are inclined to discard any lexical correspondences as merely accidental or onomatopoetic. Besides, prehistorical contacts and mixtures between these languages seem not conceivable, as the Indo-Europeans are supposed to have originated in Northern Europe or at best in the Central Asian steppe, thousands of miles away from East Asia. Hence, any research into a relationship between Old Chinese and Indo-European languages would be but futile from the outset. Yet there are also opposing views among Indo-Europeanists. Investigations into Germanic languages and the oldest Indo-European language, Hittite, led some of them to a critical revision of the prevailing conception about a Proto-Indo-European. Hermann Hirt (1934) for instance states: \"Inflexion of Indo-European languages is due to a relatively late development, and its correct comprehension can be achieved only by proceeding from the time of non-inflexion.\" And Carl Karstien (1936) holds the opinion that \"Chinese corresponds most ideally to the hypothetic prototype of Indo-European.\" Regarding vocabulary, there are striking similarities in the monosyllabic structure of the basic words. In modern German and English, all the words of everyday speech are monosyllabic and their stereotypical structure is: initial consonant(s) + vowel(s) + final consonant(s). The same word structure is valid for Chinese as well. It is fundamentally different from the disyllabic structure of Altaic words and from the triconsonantal-disyllabic structure of Semitic words. Characteristic of the monosyllabic word structure is, besides, the complexity of the syllable nucleus, which consists of different vowels and vowel clusters in contrast to the monophthongal vocalism of polysyllabic words. Another objection raised to comparisons between Chinese and Indo-European is the existence of tonal accents in Chinese. Since most modern Indo-European languages have only expiratory accents, Chinese is considered to be a highly exotic language. Yet, even in Chinese, the use of tonal accents as a means of lexical differentiation is a result of comparatively recent development in the long history of Chinese language, the earliest monuments of which date back to 1300 B.C. (cf. Chang 1970, p.21). Unknown to Old Chinese, the existence of tonal accents was for the first time mentioned in the 5th century by Shen Yüeh (441-513). In Middle Chinese (Mch.) there were four tone categories: A P'ing-sheng 平 a level tone (which developed into Mandarin tone 1 or 2). B Shang-sheng 上 a rising tone (Mandarin tone 3). C Ch'u-sheng 去 a vanishing, i.e. falling tone (Mandarin tone 4). D Ju-sheng 入 an entering tone with a staccato effect, the word being abruptly stopped by a final consonant -p, -t, -k. (In Early Mandarin the words of this tone lost their final consonant and were distributed among the tones 2, 3 and 4, respectively according to the phonation of initials). In Middle Chinese, words of the entering tone were the only group which still preserved the final stops and therefore a close syllabic structure. So they are most appropriate for convincing comparisons with monosyllabic Indo-European word stems. The final stops -p, -t, -k of the entering tone are nowadays still extant in daily speech of several dialects in South China as well as in Chinese borrowings in Japanese, Vietnamese and Korean. As a speaker of a Taiwan dialect of Minnan origin, I could immediately identify some Indo-European stems with corresponding Chinese words. Besides, the command of Japanese and German was also a great help for this study. In the following lists I have chosen a number of Indo-European stems which are phonetically and semantically equivalent to Chinese words. Correspondences in initial and final consonants refer to the points of articulation, thus we have equations: IE labials = Old Chinese labials, IE dentals = dentals, IE l, r = dentals (cf. p. 31); Ø, i (final and medial) IE velars = velars and laryngeals, and occasionally (the so-called \"satem\"-forms) IE velars = dental sibilants and affricates. Regarding the manner of articulation, there are no regular correspondences between Indo-European and Chinese consonants like Grimm's law which is valid among Indo-European dialects to a certain extent. But this is not astonishing, since in Old Chinese the alternation of initials in voicing was a conventional means of creating new words from one basic form. The rules of vocalic correpondences among Indo-European dialects are quite complex. Vowels permanently change their qualities from one language to another, and from time to time within one language also, as is well known from the history of English pronunciations. Generally, the vocalism of Old Greek is taken as the standard for Proto-Indo-European. Old Chinese vowels corresponds nearly (cf. p. 30), but the details about the reconstruction of Middle and Old Chinese vocalism will be treated later (pp. 26-30). For the moment, it is necessary to notice in advance that the stem of ablauting Germanic verbs is the form of preterite or noun, rather than that of infinitive as assumed hitherto. Therefore, in some cases I must slightly modify the basic vowel of verbal stems given in Pokorny, in order to get better basis for comparison. As Old Chinese verbs were non-flexional, they might probably have preserved the original vowel the best."
] | ddc:490 | [] |
71514 | Und ruckzuck entstehen Bilder im Kopf : Kathryn Barnes forscht zu ikonischen Wörtern im Deutschen und deren Wirkung auf Leser und Zuhörer | deu | doc-type:contributionToPeriodical | [
"Viele benutzen sie täglich, sind sich dessen aber gar nicht bewusst: Ideophone wie »ratzfatz«, »ruckzuck« oder »pillepalle« kommen vor allem in der gesprochenen deutschen Sprache vor. Ihre Rolle im System Sprache ist bislang aber kaum erforscht. Eine junge Linguistin an der Goethe-Universität will das ändern. Sie schreibt ihre Doktorarbeit über die Semantik und Pragmatik von Ideophonen."
] | ddc:370 | [
"ddc:400"
] |
71722 | Deutsche Sprache schöne Sprache? | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Während es jedem unbenommen ist, eine Sprache oder einen Dialekt schön oder häßlich zu finden, wird immer wieder versucht, sprachästhetische Urteile zu begründen. In diesem Essay werden Urteile über die deutsche Sprache gesammelt und linguistisch betrachtet, d.h. nicht nach den sozio-kulturellen Assoziationen, die sie auslöst (Giles/Niedzielsky 1998: social connotation hypothesis), sondern nach sprachlichen Merkmalen (inherent value hypothesis), was Versuche nicht ausschließt, sozio-kulturelle Assoziationen linguistisch zu legitimieren. Konsens scheint darüber zu bestehen, daß die romanischen Sprachen, und unter diesen besonders das Italienische, schöner klingen als die germanischen Sprachen, und unter diesen besonders das Deutsche, während das Deutsche durch Ableitung und Zusammensetzung Wortbildungsmöglichkeiten hat und nutzt, die anderen Sprachen versagt sind. Was die Aussagekraft solcher Vergleiche mindert, ist ihr Eurozentrismus; ästhetische Urteile über „exotische“ Sprachen sind noch selten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Kontrastive Linguistik",
"Sprachtypologie",
"Lautstilistik",
"Sprachkultur",
"Wortbildung",
"Sprachpflege",
"Dialektologie",
"ddc:410",
"ddc:430"
] |
71829 | Aussiger Beiträge 15.2021 : Phraseologie im digitalen Zeitalter : neue Fragestellungen, Methoden und Analysen | deu | doc-type:PeriodicalPart | [
"Die Digitalisierung beeinflusst immer stärker alle Bereiche des Alltagslebens, aber auch der Wissenschaft. Es gibt heute kaum noch Residuen, in denen dies nicht der Fall ist. Vor allem die so genannten Neuen Medien verändern die Kommunikation in vielen Lebensbereichen. Durch die aktuellen Ereignisse der Corona-Pandemie wurde die Dynamik der Entwicklung noch einmal intensiviert. Da Phraseologismen wesentliche Bereiche des Alltagslebens reflektieren und ebenso wie andere Aspekte der Sprache dem technisch, kulturell und gesellschaftlich bedingten Sprachwandel unterliegen, haben die jüngsten Entwicklungen Folgen für die Phraseologie. Neue Möglichkeiten, aber auch Herausforderungen ergeben sich aus dem Einsatz von digitalen Medien. Trotz ihrer hohen Relevanz wurden diese grundlegenden Aspekte bislang in der Forschung erst unzureichend beachtet. Aus diesem Grunde widmet sich der 15. Band der \"Aussiger Beiträge\" gerade diesem Themenfeld intensiver."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologie",
"Digitalisierung",
"ddc:830"
] |
71833 | Zur konstruktivistischen Gestaltung der Wortschatzarbeit im Bereich der Phraseologie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht der Zusammenhang von konstruktivistischem Lernen in der Fremdsprache Deutsch und dem Einsatz aufgabenorientierter Lernaktivitäten in hypermedialen Lernumgebungen zur Bereicherung der Wortschatzarbeit im Bereich der Phraseologie. Anhand von Beispielen aus der Unterrichtspraxis werden Möglichkeiten für die Implementierung einer konstruktivistischen Lernkultur in der phraseologiebezogenen Wortschatzarbeit vorgestellt und kritisch reflektiert.",
"This paper focuses on the connection between constructivist learning in German as a foreign language and the use of task-based learning activities in hypermedia learning environments for enriching vocabulary work in the field of phraseology. Using examples from classroom practice, we present and critically reflect upon the possibilities for implementing a constructivist learning culture in phraseology-related vocabulary work"
] | ddc:370 | [
"Phraseologie",
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Vokabellernen",
"Konstruktivismus <Psychologie>",
"ddc:430"
] |
71835 | Phraseologische Spiele als sprachliche Heilmittel gegen Demenz? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten haben sich bereits der Frage gewidmet, warum und wie Phraseologie in den DaM- bzw. in den DaF- und DaZ-Unterricht integriert werden kann. Es wird dabei argumentiert, dass Phraseologismen - ebenso wie Einzelwörter - zum lexikalischen Bestand gehören und daher sowohl für die Textrezeption als auch für die Textproduktion unerlässlich sind. Neben eher theoretischen Beiträgen gibt es auch praxisorientierte Arbeiten, die zeigen, wie Aufgaben/Übungen mit kodifizierten und abgewandelten Phrasemen einerseits der Wortschatzerweiterung dienen, andererseits die Vermittlung von Phonetik, Morphologie und Syntax unterstützen können. Wenig Aufmerksamkeit galt bisher der Frage, welche Rolle Phraseologismen z. B. bei durch Demenz verursachten Sprachstörungen spielen. Lassen sich gezielte Übungen, etwa phraseologische Spiele, als \"sprachliche Heilmittel\" gegen Demenz einsetzen? Diesem Thema ist der Beitrag gewidmet.",
"Numerous research papers have already addressed the question of why and how phraseology can be integrated into Teaching German as a First, Second, or Foreign Language. It is argued that phraseologisms - just like single words - belong to the lexical inventory and are therefore essential for both text reception and text production. In addition to more theoretical contributions, there are also practice-oriented studies that show how tasks/exercises with codified and modified phrasemes can serve vocabulary expansion on the one hand, and support the teaching of phonetics, morphology, and syntax on the other. However, little attention has been paid so far to the question of what role phraseologisms play, for example, in language disorders caused by dementia. Can targeted exercises, such as phraseological games, be used as 'linguistic remedies' against dementia? The present paper examines this topic."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Demenz",
"Sprachstörung",
"Mnemotechnik",
"Phraseologie",
"Spiel",
"ddc:610"
] |
71914 | Phraseme im digitalen Gewand : Analyse der Phrasemsammlungen auf Deutschlernerblog.de aus phraseologischer und phraseographischer Sicht | deu | doc-type:article | [
"In diesem Beitrag wird das Ziel verfolgt, eines der neuen digitalen Kommunikationsmittel, einen Lernerblog, zu untersuchen. Es handelt sich um ein neues, bereits sehr populäres Kommunikationsmittel, das als Ergebnis sich ändernder Kommunikationsbedürfnisse, technologischer Innovationen und variierender medialer Kontexte betrachtet werden kann. Im Fokus unseres Interesses steht Deutschlernerblog.de, eine beliebte und von vielen Benutzern und Benutzerinnen oft besuchte Internetplattform, auf der neben zahlreichen anderen Lehrmaterialien vier nach verschiedenen Kriterien zusammengestellte Phrasemsammlungen angeboten werden. Letztere werden im Beitrag unter verschiedenen Gesichtspunkten analysiert, um festzustellen, inwieweit dabei die gegenwärtige Forschungslage im Bereich der Phraseologie berücksichtigt wird. Aufgrund der ermittelten Ergebnisse werden Vorschläge für eine aus phraseodidaktischer Sicht effizientere Zusammenstellung der Phrasemsammlung und lernerfreundliche Beschreibung der einzelnen Phraseme gemacht.",
"The aim of this article is to examine one of the new digital communication tools, a learner's blog. It is a new, already popular means of communication that can be viewed as the result of changing communication needs, technological innovations, and varying media contexts. The focus of our interest is Deutschlernerblog.de, a popular Internet platform. In addition to numerous other teaching materials, Deutschlernblog. de offers four collections of phrases based on various criteria. In this article we will analyse these phrases from different perspectives to determine to what extent the current research situation in the field of phraseology has been taken into account. Based on the results obtained, we will make suggestions for a more efficient compilation of the phrase collection from a phraseological point of view and learner-friendly description of the individual phrasemes from a phraseodidactic point of view."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Weblog",
"Phraseologismus",
"Phraseologie",
"ddc:430"
] |
71926 | Phraseologie digital lernen : eine interaktive Lernplattform für DaF-Lernende | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Mit Fokus auf die Vorteile, die computergestützte Lehr- und Lernmittel bieten, soll in diesem Beitrag ein neues Lernportal, Phras.eu, mit interaktiven Übungen zur Phraseologie beschrieben werden. Die Lernaktivitäten der Plattform, deren Konzeption sich am Supplement zum GER orientiert, basieren auf dem pluralen Ansatz in CARAP/REPA. Dieser Ansatz besagt, dass durch das Erlernen von Fremdsprachen auf der Grundlage bereits bestehender sprachlicher Kompetenzen der Prozess des Spracherwerbs effizienter gestaltet wird. In der didaktischen Implementierung von äquivalenten Idiomen in Phras.eu soll das Lernen von deutschen Idiomen unabhängig von der Muttersprache durch das vorhandene Wissen der Lernenden in der englischen Sprache erleichtert werden.",
"The learning activities of the platform, whose design is based on the Supplement to the CEFR, are based on the plurilingual approach in CARAP/FREPA. This approach states that by learning foreign languages on the basis of already existing linguistic competences, the process of language acquisition is made more efficient. In the didactic implementation of equivalent idioms in Phras.eu, the learning of German idioms should be facilitated by the learners' existing knowledge of English, independently of their mother tongue."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Phraseologie",
"E-Learning",
"Referenzrahmen für plurale Ansätze zu Sprachen und Kulturen",
"ddc:430"
] |
71952 | ReDeWe : eine dreifunktionale Online-Lernplattform zum Erwerb deutscher Phraseologie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Trotz der erheblichen Vorteile von digitalen Plattformen für Sprachlernende sind frei zugängliche Online-Tools im Bereich der Phraseologie, abgesehen von einigen Ausnahmen, noch Mangelware. Sie sind nicht an Platzbeschränkungen gebunden, leicht auf den aktuellen Stand zu bringen und fördern das autonome Lernen. Die in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Online-Phraseologie-Lernplattform ReDeWe, die im Rahmen einer Lehrwerksuntersuchung entstanden ist, deckt drei Bereiche ab: (1) eine im Aufbau befindliche Phrasemdatenbank mit relevanten Informationen wie semantisches Feld, Register und Grundwortschatzniveau, (2) eine Multisuchmaschine, die die wichtigsten Online-Wörterbücher bzw. Korpora integriert, und (3) eine Lernplattform mit interaktiven Übungen.",
"Despite the considerable advantages of digital platforms for language learners, freely accessible online tools in the field of phraseology are still scarce, with some exceptions. They are not bound by space limitations, are easy to update, and promote autonomous learning. The online phraseology learning platform ReDeWe presented in this paper, which was created as part of a textbook investigation, covers three areas: (1) a phrase database under construction with relevant information such as semantic field, register, and basic vocabulary level, (2) a multisearch engine integrating the main online dictionaries or corpora, and (3) a learning platform with interactive exercises."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Phraseologie",
"Phraseologismus",
"E-Learning",
"ddc:430"
] |
71953 | 'Von Jahr zu Jahr' : das Pattern [von Xsg zu Xsg] und seine Entsprechungen im Russischen und Spanischen : eine Korpusstudie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird auf eine Familie deutscher Konstruktionen eingegangen, denen das Reduplikationsmuster [von Xsg zu Xsg] zugrunde liegt. Den theoretischen Rahmen der Arbeit bilden zentrale Postulate der Konstruktionsgrammatik. Als empirische Basis dienen deutsch-russische (RNC) und deutsch-spanische (PaGeS) Parallelkorpora. Das zu untersuchende Pattern ist formal durch die Doppelung des im Singular auftretenden Substantivs ohne Artikel und semantisch durch verschiedene Lesarten z.B. 'iterative Fortbewegung' ('von Haus zu Haus gehen') oder \"stetige Entwicklung' ('von Tag zu Tag zunehmen') gekennzeichnet. Auf kontrastiver Ebene spielt die lexikalische Slotfüllung jedes Konstrukts eine besondere Rolle, denn sie bedingt auch die formalen und semantischen Besonderheiten der Entsprechungen im Russischen und im Spanischen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird in erster Linie anhand der konsultierten deutsch-russischen bzw. deutsch-spanischen Parallelkorpora versucht, die funktional äquivalenten Konstruktionen des deutschen Patterns festzulegen.",
"This paper deals with a family of German constructions based on the reduplication pattern [von Xsg zu Xsg]. The theoretical framework of the paper is formed by central postulates of Construction Grammar. German-Russian (RNC) and German-Spanish (PaGeS) parallel corpora serve as the empirical basis. The pattern under investigation is characterized formally by the duplication of a noun in singular without article, and semantically by different readings such as 'iterative locomotion' ('von Haus zu Haus gehen', 'going from house to house') or 'steady development' ('von Tag zu Tag zunehmen', 'increasing from day to day'). On the contrastive level, the lexical slot filling of each construct plays a special role, because it also conditions the formal and semantic specifics of the equivalents in Russian and Spanish. We thus primarily attempt to determine the functionally equivalent constructions of the German pattern on the basis of the consulted German-Russian or German-Spanish parallel corpora."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Spanisch",
"Russisch",
"Reduplikation",
"Phraseologie",
"ddc:460",
"ddc:491.8"
] |
71957 | 'Sich im Netz verstricken' oder 'zurechtfinden' : zum Potenzial phraseologischer Online-Wörterbücher für Deutsch und Polnisch im digitalen Zeitalter | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die seit Jahren allmählich aber sukzessive ansteigende Digitalisierung bleibt nicht ohne Einfluss auf die Veränderungen in der Forschung, darunter auch in der Phraseologie. Den Möglichkeiten, die einem in diesem Kontext angeboten werden, scheinen keine Grenzen gesetzt zu werden. Das betrifft auch die Lexikographie - hier Phraseographie, die sich von der traditionellen Arbeitsweise und den Arbeitsmethoden immer mehr entfernt und Vorteile der digitalisierten Welt in zunehmendem Maße nutzt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird zum einen das Potential der phraseologischen Online-Wörterbücher geprüft, das zum anderen mit den Möglichkeiten der Printwörterbücher verglichen wird. Das Ziel ist dabei, die Funktionalitäten der beiden Typen von phraseologischen Wörterbüchern miteinander zu vergleichen, um feststellen zu können, ob alle Vorteile der Digitalisierung von den Autoren der Online-Wörterbücher genutzt werden, um verschiedenen Erwartungen der Benutzer gerecht zu werden und ihre Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Die Grundlage der Analyse bilden auf der einen Seite sechs repräsentative phraseologische Printwörterbücher für Deutsch, vier für Polnisch, vier phraseologische deutsch-polnische Wörterbücher und zwei polnisch-deutsche und auf der anderen Seite drei Online-Wörterbücher für Deutsch, ein Online-Wörterbuch für Polnisch und zwei deutsch-polnische Online-Wörterbücher. Aus dem Vergleich der Mikrostruktur in den analysierten Wörterbüchern ergeben sich Schlussfolgerungen in Bezug auf die Empfehlungen und fertige Lösungen mancher Probleme lexikographischer Natur, die ihre Anwendung in der digitalen Phraseographie finden können.",
"Digitalization, which has been gradually but successively increasing for years, is not without influence on changes in research, including phraseology. There seem to be no limits to the possibilities that are offered in this context. This also applies to lexicography – here phraseography – which is increasingly moving away from traditional working modes and methods and taking advantage of the digitized world to an increasing extent. Against this background, the potential of phraseological online dictionaries will be examined on the one hand, and compared with the possibilities of print dictionaries on the other. The aim here is to compare the functionalities of the two types of phraseological dictionaries in order to determine whether all the advantages of digitization are used by the authors of online dictionaries to meet the users' different expectations and needs. The analysis is based on six representative phraseological printed dictionaries in German, four in Polish, four German-Polish and two Polish-German, and three online dictionaries in German, one in Polish and two German-Polish. From the comparison of the microstructure in the dictionaries analyzed, we draw conclusions concerning the recommendations and ready solutions of some problems of a lexicographic nature, which can find their application in digital phraseography."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologie",
"Wörterbuch",
"Deutsch",
"Polnisch",
"Online-Wörterbuch",
"ddc:491.8"
] |
71958 | Phraseologische Neologismen in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie im Deutschen und Ukrainischen : eine kontrastive Studie | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse der kontrastiven Forschung von phraseologischen Neologismen im Deutschen und Ukrainischen gezeigt. Das Ziel dieses Beitrags besteht darin, die phraseologischen Neologismen, die in der Corona-Pandemie in Deutschland und in der Ukraine in digitalen Medien verwendet wurden, zu analysieren, die strukturell-semantischen Merkmale ausgewählter phraseologischer Einheiten in beiden Sprachen zu beschreiben, ihre konzeptuelle Analyse durchzuführen, die vorhandenen Neologismenpaare einander gegenüberzustellen sowie Äquivalenztypen zu untersuchen. Die Materialbasis bilden diesbezüglich 96 deutsche und 60 ukrainische phraseologische Neologismen der Jahre 2020–2021.",
"This paper presents results of contrastive research of phraseological neologisms in German and Ukrainian. The research aimed at a conceptual analysis of phraseological neologisms used in digital media during the coronavirus pandemic in Germany and Ukraine. It was conducted in two steps: the description of structural-semantic features of selected phraseological units in both languages, and, by contrasting them to existing neologisms, the determination of their equivalence types. The material basis is formed with 96 German and 60 Ukrainian phraseological neologisms from the years 2020–2021."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologie",
"Neologismus",
"COVID-19",
"Pandemie",
"Deutsch",
"Ukrainisch",
"Kontrastive Linguistik",
"ddc:491.8"
] |
71963 | Softwaregestützte Methoden zur Erfassung syntaktischer und semantischer Eigenschaften sinnverwandter Phraseme : Ergebnisse einer exemplarischen Analyse | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Der vorliegende Beitrag ist dem korpusbasierten Vergleich von vier Phrasemen des Deutschen mit der Bedeutung 'jemanden/etwas antreiben' gewidmet. Anhand einer maschinellen Auswertung von Belegen aus dem Deutschen Referenzkorpus (DeReKo) werden syntaktische, semantische und kombinatorische Eigenschaften dieser Phraseme beschrieben. Die semantischen Eigenschaften wurden mit der DeReKo-eigenen Kookkurrenzanalyse ermittelt, die morpho-syntaktischen Besonderheiten mit GATE. Verglichen wurden solche Merkmale wie Besetzung der Objektvalenz, Kombinierbarkeit mit Adverbien, Gebrauch mit Negation und Vorkommen unterschiedlicher Zeitformen des Verbs. Es wurden sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede festgestellt.",
"This paper deals with the corpus-based comparison of four German phrasemes with the meaning 'to propel someone/something'. On the basis of a machine evaluation of contexts from the German Reference Corpus (DeReKo), the syntactic, semantic and combinatorial properties of these phrasemes are described. The semantic properties were determined with DeReKo's own co-occurrence analysis, the morpho-syntactic features with GATE. Such features as occupation of object valency, combinability with adverbs, use with negation, and occurrence of different tenses of the verb were compared. Similarities as well as differences were found."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologie",
"Deutsch",
"Korpus <Linguistik>",
"Distribution <Linguistik>"
] |
71965 | Vorgeformte Sprachverwendung in Online-Präsenzen deutscher Minderheitenzeitungen : eine explorative Studie am Beispiel von Facebook-Beiträgen der "Neuen Zeitung" und des "Sonntagsblattes" | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Beitrag werden Merkmale des formelhaften bzw. figurativen Sprachgebrauchs in Online-Präsenzen ungarndeutscher Minderheitenzeitungen am Material ihrer Facebook-Posts empirisch untersucht. Es zeichnete sich ab, dass spezielle digitale Schreibmuster (noch) kaum zu erkennen sind, sodass sich die Befunde von denen der Untersuchungen an ungarndeutschen Printmedien nicht kategorial unterscheiden. Die datenbasierte Studie konnte - mit Einsatz von Salienz als Analysekategorie - eruieren, dass sich die Besonderheiten hinsichtlich ihrer Ursprünge in drei prototypische Klassen einteilen lassen: Es sind (1) Kontaktphänomene (Transfer oder Nachahmung von Elementen, Strukturen und Modellen der Kontaktsprache Ungarisch); (2) Verfremdungsprozesse als Folge einer unsicheren Beherrschung der Mediensprache Deutsch, etwa Übergeneralisierung von Gebrauchsnormen bzw. -konventionen des Sprachsystems und (3) Flüchtigkeitsfehler, die selbst bei hochkompetenten Textproduzenten vorkommen können. Insgesamt überwiegt ganz eindeutig der Typ (1), sodass sich vielfach ein kontaktsprachliches Muster ergibt und kulturelle Hybride entstehen.",
"In this article, features of formulaic or figurative language use in online appearances of Hungarian-German minority newspapers are empirically investigated using the material of their Facebook posts. It became apparent that specific digital writing patterns are (still) hardly discernible, so that the findings do not differ categorically from those of the studies on Hungarian German print media. Using salience as a category of analysis, the data-based study was able to elicit that the special features can be divided into three prototypical classes with regard to their origins: They are (1) contact phenomena (transfer or imitation of elements, structures, and models of the contact language Hungarian); (2) alienation processes as a consequence of an insecure command of German as a media language, such as overgeneralization of usage norms, or conventions of the language system; and (3) oversights, which can occur even among highly competent text producers. Overall, type (1) clearly prevails which often results in an emergence of contact language patterns and cultural hybrids."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Deutsch",
"Ungarndeutsche",
"Zeitung",
"Sprachkontakt"
] |
71967 | Analyse potentieller phraseologischer Neologismen im digitalen Zeitalter | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Der Gegenstand der Analyse ist die Verwendung von potentiellen slowenischen phraseologischen Neologismen in den neuen Medien. Obwohl uns heute wertvolle Daten aus den elektronischen Korpora zur Verfügung stehen, stellt die Identifikation phraseologischer Neologismen eine methodologische Herausforderung dar. Für ihre Bestimmung sind spezifische Daten wie Frequenz, kontextuelle Einbettung und Konnotation aus den Korpora notwendig. Bei der Interpretation phraseologischer Prozesse sind unter anderem Fragen aufgetaucht, in welchen Medien potentielle Neologismen vorkommen, wie stark ihre Stabilität ist und ob es Unterschiede zwischen den einzelnen Typen phraseologischer Neologismen gibt.",
"The object of analysis is the use of potential Slovenian phraseological neologisms in the new media. Although valuable data is available from the electronic corpora nowadays, the identification of phraseological neologisms represents a methodological challenge. Specific corpus data such as frequency, contextual embedding, and connotation are necessary for their determination. Questions that have arisen in the interpretation of phraseological processes include the type of media in which potential phraseological neologisms occur, the degree of their stability, and differences between their types."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologismus",
"Phraseologie",
"Neologismus",
"Slowenisch",
"ddc:491.8"
] |
72040 | Phraseologismen in Webtexten für Jugendliche | deu | doc-type:article | [
"In diesem Beitrag werden alle Arten von Phraseologismen in Webtexten für Jugendliche untersucht. Im Fokus der Untersuchung stehen aber die nichtkodifizierten Phraseologismen. Es wird überprüft, ob Phraseologismen in Webtexten für Jugendliche jugendsprachliche Eigenschaften haben. Manche von diesen Phraseologismen enthalten beispielsweise Anglizismen, die bekanntlich von Jugendlichen gerne verwendet werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass nicht alle gebräuchlichen Phraseologismen in aktuellen Wörterbüchern verzeichnet sind, aber auch, dass neue Phraseologismen oft Variationen der alten darstellen.",
"In this paper, all types of phraseologisms in web texts for adolescents are investigated. Special attention has been paid to non-codified phraseological units, more specifically the occurrence of adolescent language features in these texts. Some of these phraseological units contain, for example, anglicisms, much favoured among the young. It is shown that not all common phraseologisms are listed in current dictionaries, but also that new phraseologisms often represent variations of old ones."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologismus",
"Jugendsprache",
"Internetsprache"
] |
72041 | Phraseme in aktuellen Lehrwerken : Fortschritt oder Stillstand? | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Nach einem kurzen Überblick über die Entwicklung und die Grundfragen der Phraseodidaktik in den letzten Dekaden sowie über ausgewählte Beiträge zu Phrasemen in Lehrwerken widmet sich der Beitrag einer Fallstudie anhand des 2017 erschienenen Lehrwerks Aspekte neu. Dabei wird auf vier Fragen eingegangen: Es wird untersucht, wie auf Phraseme referiert wird. Des Weiteren werden die Nennformen einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen. In einem dritten Schritt folgt die Beschreibung und kritische Betrachtung der phrasembezogenen Übungstypen. Schließlich wird die Frage beantwortet, ob die methodisch-didaktische Aufbereitung von Phrasemen die Erkenntnisse und Maximen phraseodidaktischer Forschung, konkret die Methode des phraseodidaktischen Vierschritts reflektiert.",
"After a brief overview of the development and fundamental issues of phraseodidactics in the last decades as well as of selected contributions on phrasemes in textbooks, the article deals with a case study based on the textbook Aspekte neu, published in 2017. The case study addresses four questions: First, we examine how phrasemes are referred to. Second, we subject the nominal forms to a critical analysis. Third, we describe and critically examine phrase-related exercises. Finally, we answer the question of whether the methodological-didactic treatment of phrasemes in the textbook reflects the findings and maxims of phraseodidactic research, specifically the method of the phraseodidactic four-step."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Phraseologismus",
"Deutsch",
"Fremdsprache",
"Unterricht",
"Lehrmittelanalyse",
"ddc:430"
] |
72044 | Pauker, Kulturträger, Volksfeinde und Friedensstifter? : Zum Habitus der Deutschlehrer in der tschechischen Gesellschaft | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Aufsatz wird versucht, die Rolle und die Bedeutung der Deutschlehrer in der tschechischen Gesellschaft der zweiten Hälfte des 19. und der ersten des 20. Jahrhunderts zu erörtern. Dabei wird auf den Habitus der Deutschlehrer und die bildungs- und gesellschaftspolitischen Umstände, die ihn formten, fokussiert. Es werden zum einen die autofiktionalen Texte der Lehrer, zum anderen ihre bildungspolitische Essays analysiert, um ihr gesellschaftliches Bild und ihre Selbstverortung in unterschiedlichen politischen Rahmenbedingungen darzustellen. Die kulturhistorische Studie soll zu weiteren Forschungen im aktuellen bildungspolitischen Diskurs anregen.",
"The current paper discusses the role and significance of German teachers in Czech society in the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. It focuses on the habitus of German teachers and the educational and socio-political circumstances that shaped it. Both autofiction produced by teachers and their essays on educational policies will be analyzed in order to depict their social image and their self-placement in different political frameworks. This cultural-historical study is intended to stimulate further research in the current discourse on educational policy."
] | ddc:300 | [
"Deutschlehrer",
"Deutschunterricht",
"Tschechien",
"Gesellschaft",
"Tschechisch",
"Literatur",
"Geschichte 1870-1945",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:830",
"ddc:891.8"
] |
72046 | [Rezension zu:] Bülow, Lars/Johann, Michael (Hgg.) (2019): Politische Internet-Memes - Theoretische Herausforderungen und empirische Befunde | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Rezension zu Bülow, Lars/Johann, Michael (Hgg.) (2019): Politische Internet-Memes - Theoretische Herausforderungen und empirische Befunde. Berlin: Frank & Timme Verlag, ISBN: 978–3–7329–0535–5, 248 S."
] | ddc:300 | [
"Internetphänomen",
"Politische Kommunikation",
"ddc:320",
"ddc:400",
"ddc:430"
] |
72049 | [Rezension zu:] Cornejo, Renata/Schiewer, Gesine Leonore/Weinberg, Manfred (Hgg.) (2020): Konzepte der Interkulturalität in der Germanistik weltweit | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Rezension zu Cornejo, Renata/Schiewer, Gesine Leonore/Weinberg, Manfred (Hgg.) (2020): Konzepte der Interkulturalität in der Germanistik weltweit. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag, ISBN 978–3–8376–5041–9, 428 S."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Interkulturalität",
"ddc:830"
] |
72054 | [Rezension zu:] Zenderowska-Korpus, Grażyna (2020): Phraseme in Textsorten | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Rezension zu Zenderowska-Korpus, Grażyna (2020): Phraseme in Textsorten (Beiträge zur Fremdsprachenvermittlung, Sonderheft 27). Landau: Verlag Empirische Pädagogik e.V., ISBN 13: 978–3–944996–67–7, ISSN 1861–3632, 324 S."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phraseologismus",
"Phraseologie",
"Deutsch"
] |
72069 | 3. Internationales Doktorandenseminar, 26.–30. April 2021 in Wrocław (online) | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Im Rahmen des Projekts \"Internationalisierung und Weiterentwicklung des Doktorandenstudiums ERASMUS+ 2018–1-SK01-KA203–046375\" - Projektpartner Universität der Heiligen Kyrill und Method in Trnava (Slowakei), Jan-Evangelista-Purkyně-Universität in Ústí nad Labem (Tschechien) und Universität Wrocław (Polen) - fand vom 26.04. bis zum 30.04.2021 das dritte Internationale Doktorandenkolloquium statt. Die Organisation des Kolloquiums wurde diesmal von der Universität Wrocław in Polen übernommen."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Deutsch",
"Literaturwissenschaft",
"Linguistik",
"ddc:830"
] |
72072 | Inter- und transkulturelle Dimension im linguistischen, kulturellen und historischen Kontext : IX. Internationale Konferenz in Pardubice, 7.–9. Oktober 2021 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Die internationale Konferenz \"Inter- und transkulturelle Dimension im linguistischen, kulturellen und historischen Kontext\" fand vom 7.–9. Oktober 2021 an der Universität Pardubice statt und wurde bereits zum neunten Mal vom Lehrstuhl für Fremdsprachen organisiert."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Germanistik",
"Deutsch",
"Linguistik",
"Literaturwissenschaft",
"Interkulturalität",
"ddc:830"
] |
72077 | Internationalisierung und Weiterentwicklung des Doktorandenstudiums : Erasmus+ Projekt 2018–1-SK01-KA203–046375 | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Das Projekt vernetzt die Doktorandenausbildung an drei Universitäten in der Slowakei (Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave), der Tschechischen Republik (Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně v Ústí nad Labem) und in Polen (Uniwersytet Wrocławski). Ausgangspunkt war die Feststellung, dass es in der Doktorandenausbildung noch einige Defizite gibt, wie z. B. eine schwache internationale Zusammenarbeit und Vernetzung. Die aktuellen Anforderungen in Wissenschaft und Praxis erfordern jedoch zwangsläufig eine internationale Dimension. Ziel des Projekts war daher, durch verschiedene gemeinsame Veranstaltungen einen Beitrag zur Internationalisierung der Doktorandenprogramme an den Partnerinstitutionen zu leisten und diese zu vernetzen. Ein weiteres Defizit wurde bei der methodischen Ausbildung von Doktoranden festgestellt. Um ihre Methodenkompetenz zu stärken, wurden im Rahmen des Projekts zahlreiche Maßnahmen ergriffen. Dazu gehören die Organisation von internationalen Doktorandenkolloquien, die auch nach Projektende fortgesetzt werden, die Erstellung eines gemeinsamen Curriculums zur Erleichterung der Studentenmobilität sowie die Erstellung von methodisch und wissenschaftlich aktuellem Lehrmaterial, die Schaffung neuer Publikationsmöglichkeiten speziell für Doktoranden sowie die Integration neuester Forschungsergebnisse und innovativer Methoden direkt in den Ausbildungsprozess. Das Projekt zielte auch eben darauf ab, die Qualifikation von Betreuern und Dozenten in Doktorandenprogrammen zu verbessern."
] | ddc:370 | [
"Germanistik",
"Promotionsstudium",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:830"
] |
72157 | Logophoricity: an empirical-semantic assessment of yè in ewe | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"This dissertation investigates a special class of anaphoric form, yè, in Ewe known as the logophoric pronoun. This research makes a number of novel observations.\r\nIn the first chapter, I introduce the reader to the phenomenon under investigation as well as provide information on Ewe and its dialects and, methodology. In Chapter 2, I present the pronominal system of Ewe which is categorised into strong and weak forms following Cardinaletti & Starke (1994) and Agbedor (1996). The distribution of pronouns is outlined which sets the tone for an overview of logophoric marking. In this respect, I present variations in logophoric marking strategies cross linguistically and show that Ewe differs significantly from other pronouns in this category. In an effort to explain the deviant case of yè, I entertain the idea that yè is a pure logophoric pronoun in the sense of Clements (1975) and thus, its additional de re and strict interpretation does not imply non-logophoricity.\r\nChapter 3 demonstrates that yè is sensitive to contexts which portray the intention of an individual. Following Sells (1987), the antecedent of yè must have an intention to communicate. I broadly categorize logophoric contexts into reportative (direct-indirect speech) or non-reportative (speaker’s mental attitude, reporter’s observation or background knowledge of a situation). Based on this categorization, indirect speech report (Clements 1975), dis- course units such as a paragraph or an episode (Clements 1975), and sentential adjuncts such as purpose, causal and consequence clauses (Culy 1994a) are reviewed. The logophoric pro- noun occurs in the complement of attitude verbs (Clements 1975), also termed logocentric (à la (Stirling 1994)) or logophoric predicates (à la (Culy 1994a)) as well as with non-attitudinal verbs (e.g. va ‘come’ or wO ‘do’ as in sentential adjuncts). I argue contra Clements (1975) and Culy (1994a) that yè can occur with perception predicates. I further provide three new instances of non-reportative contexts which are compatible with yè namely, as-if clauses, benefactive na clauses and alesi ‘how’ clauses. I show, corroborating previous studies that contexts which are necessary for the licensing of yè include all of the aforementioned except causal clauses. Among these contexts, the complementizer be or regarding cases where there is no be, an element in C (due to the Doubly-Filled-Comp Filter (DFCF) c.f. Chomsky & Lasnik (1977)), is sufficient to license yè. Following Bimpeh & Sode (2021), yè is licensed by feature checking (in the spirit of von Stechow (2004)): be bears the interpretatble [log] feature which checks the uninterpretable [log] feature of yè. I include a redefinition of logophoricity as pertaining to Ewe.\r\nGiven the disparity found in the literature concerning the interpretation of yè: Ewedome (pronounce EVedome) has only de se readings (Bimpeh 2019); while ‘pure’ Ewe, Mina (variety of Ewe spoken in Togo) Pearson (2015), Danyi (O’Neill 2015) and Anlo (pronounced ANlO) (Satık 2019) has de re readings; chapter 4 aims at lending empirical support to the ungoing discussion by verifying the interpretation of yè. Two acceptability judgment tasks were conducted namely, truth value judgment task and binary forced choice task. The results corroborates Pearson (2012, 2015) and others’ discovery that yè has a de re interpretation in the Ewedome (contra Bimpeh (2019); Bimpeh et al. (2022)), Anlo and Tonu (pronounced TONu) dialects of Ewe.\r\nIn chapter 5, I discuss the relation between logophoricity (yè, yè a) and Control (PRO). I show that yè may be restricted to a set of verbs which obligatorily require the morpheme a ‘potential marker’ (Essegbey 2008), in subject position. This set of verbs are those that are known as control verbs c.f. (Landau 1999) in English. As a result of this restriction, research such as Satık (2019) claims that yè a is the overt instantiation of PRO in English. According to the Ewe facts, it appears as though on one hand, yè and PRO share similar properties in logophoric contexts and on the other hand, yè in combination with the potential marker, a also share properties with PRO in subject control environments. Against this background, I discuss the relation between yè, yè a and PRO and show that neither yè in isolation nor yè in combination with a, contrary to Satık (2019), is the overt instantiation of PRO. I clarify that the potential morpheme a is not cliticised or combined with the logophoric yè. The two forms are seperate morphemes. The potential marker a only shows up in control environments because a sub-class of verbs require it for grammaticality purposes. As such, the property of de se-ness does not come from yè by itself, yè a or a but rather from the sub-class of verbs which require the potential marker a..."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Semantik",
"Ewe-Sprache"
] |
7217 | Narrating indigenous modernities : transcultural dimensions in contemporary Māori literature | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Whether minorities such as the Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, the San across Southern Africa and the Métis in Canada, or native majority peoples such as the Aymara and Quechua in South America: indigenous peoples\" lifeworlds have been transfigured by the difficulties originating from a history of conquest, settlement and suppression. The imperialist strife of European empires and the atrocities committed by their gang of \"explorers\" – including \"this person Cook\" in the South Pacific, Columbus in North America, Cortéz in Mexico, Gomes in West Africa, or van Riebeeck in South Africa – was aimed at enforcing European values and institutions, destroying, silencing or marginalizing indigenous cultures and societies as inferior \"others.\" Unsurprisingly, the disruption of formal colonialism in the second half of the 20th century held no inherent improvement for the concerns of formerly colonized peoples. ..."
] | ddc:490 | [
"Maori",
"Literatur",
"Interkulturalität",
"Kulturelle Identität"
] |
72278 | A contrastive approach to grammatical doubts in some contemporary Germanic languages (German, Dutch, Swedish) | eng | doc-type:workingPaper | [
"Unquestionably (or: undoubtedly), every competent speaker has already come to doubt with respect to the question of which form is correct or appropriate and should be used (in the standard language) when faced with two or more almost identical competing variants of words, word forms or sentence and phrase structure (e.g. German \"Pizzas/Pizzen/Pizze\" 'pizzas', Dutch \"de drie mooiste/mooiste drie stranden\" 'the three most beautiful/most beautiful three beaches', Swedish \"större än jag/mig\" 'taller than I/me'). Such linguistic uncertainties or \"cases of doubt\" (cf. i.a. Klein 2003, 2009, 2018; Müller & Szczepaniak 2017; Schmitt, Szczepaniak & Vieregge 2019; Stark 2019 as well as the useful collections of data of Duden vol. 9, Taaladvies.net, Språkriktighetsboken etc.) systematically occur also in native speakers and they do not necessarily coincide with the difficulties of second language learners. In present-day German, most grammatical uncertainties occur in the domains of inflection (nominal plural formation, genitive singular allomorphy of strong masc./neut. nouns, inflectional variation of weak masc. nouns, strong/weak adjectival inflection and comparison forms, strong/weak verb forms, perfect auxiliary selection) and word-formation (linking elements in compounds, separability of complex verbs). As for syntax, there are often doubts in connection with case choice (pseudo-partitive constructions, prepositional case government) and agreement (especially due to coordination or appositional structures). This contribution aims to present a contrastive approach to morphological and syntactic uncertainties in contemporary Germanic languages (mostly German, Dutch, and Swedish) in order to obtain a broader and more fine-grained typology of grammatical instabilities and their causes. As will be discussed, most doubts of competent speakers - a problem also for general linguistic theory - can be attributed to processes of language change in progress, to language or variety contact, to gaps and rule conflicts in the grammar of every language or to psycholinguistic conditions of language processing. Our main concerns will be the issues of which (kinds of) common or different critical areas there are within Germanic (and, on the other hand, in which areas there are no doubts), which of the established (cross-linguistically valid) explanatory approaches apply to which phenomena and, ultimately, the question whether the new data reveals further lines of explanation for the empirically observable (standard) variation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:415",
"ddc:430",
"ddc:439"
] |
72578 | Restructuration des répertoires langagiers de migrant·e·s de la République du Congo en Lorraine | fra | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Cette thèse étudie la complexité du plurilinguisme des migrant·e·s d’origine de la République du Congo en Lorraine à travers le prisme de la restructuration des répertoires langagiers. En affûtant la conceptualisation de la restructuration des répertoires langagiers par l’étude du plurilinguisme des migrant·e·s d’origine congolaise, cette recherche ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour les recherches portant sur le plurilinguisme, notamment concernant les mobilités transgénérationnelles et la diversité des processus de restructuration façonnant les répertoires langagiers. En se focalisant sur les biographies langagières et migratoires de 15 individus migrants, sur leurs réseaux sociaux et sur leurs ressources langagières, cette étude révèle la diversité des processus et des facteurs au cœur des restructurations des répertoires langagiers à travers une étude ethnographique multi-située en Lorraine et au Congo. La compréhension de la diversité des dynamiques restructurant les connaissances langagières des enquêté·e·s passe par l’étude des situations de socialisation langagière au Congo dans leur historicité, des itinéraires de migration et des restructurations des réseaux sociaux ainsi que des répertoires langagiers dans l’installation en Lorraine. Les participations à la société lorraine et ses groupes sociaux imprègnent les identifications, les orientations sociales et les positionnements dans les réseaux sociaux et vice-versa. \r\nLes répertoires langagiers apparaissent comme des enregistrements de la mobilité des individus et de celle des générations antérieures ainsi que de leur entourage. Les restructurations concernent entre autres les ressources associées au français, aux langues congolaises et à d’autres langues appropriées par la migration. Les ressources du français sont restructurées par les migrant·e·s en s’appropriant les ressources courantes dans différentes situations sociales en Lorraine, en marquant et/ou en dissimulant les ressources appropriées ailleurs et inappropriées dans ces situations. En même temps, un savoir de différenciation des ressources, dont font aussi partie les schémas de catégorisation et les stratégies communicatives, est développé et une (in)sécurité langagière se manifeste. Les ressources associées aux langues congolaises, leurs fonctions sociales et leurs représentations sont restructurées dans des processus d’attrition, d’actualisation, de transformation et d’élaboration langagière. Les ressources associées à d’autres langues européennes appropriées par la migration sont reléguées au second plan et se perdent lentement par manque d’usage. Enfin, les connaissances liées à la gestion du plurilinguisme, de la diversité culturelle et de l’altérité, appropriées dans les mêmes situations de diversité, aident au traitement interne des expériences des mobilités spatiales et sociales ainsi que des restructurations des répertoires langagiers.",
"Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Mehrsprachigkeit von Migrant*innen aus der Republik Kongo in Lothringen durch das Prisma der Restrukturierung sprachlicher Repertoires. Durch Schärfung des Konzepts der Restrukturierung von Sprachrepertoires anhand der Erforschung der Mehrsprachigkeit von Migrant*innen kongolesischen Ursprungs öffnet diese Studie neue Perspektiven für die Mehrsprachigkeitsforschung, insbesondere in Bezug auf transgenerationale Mobilität und Diversität der Restrukturierungsprozesse von Sprachrepertoires. Die Fokussierung auf Sprach- und Migrationsbiographien von 15 Migrant*innen, ihre sozialen Netzwerke und ihre sprachlichen Ressourcen ermöglichte die Erfassung der Diversität der Prozesse und Faktoren der Restrukturierungen der Sprachrepertoires anhand einer multi-situierten Ethnographie in Lothringen und im Kongo. Das Verständnis der Diversität der das sprachliche Wissen restrukturierenden Dynamiken der Forschungssubjekte wurde durch die Erforschung von sprachlichen Sozialisierungsinstanzen im Kongo in ihrer Historizität, von Migrationswegen und Restrukturierungen der sozialen Netzwerke ebenso wie der Sprachrepertoires bei der Ansiedlung in Lothringen erworben. Die Teilhabe an der lothringischen Gesellschaft und ihren sozialen Gruppen prägt die Identifikationen, die sozialen Orientierungen und die Positionierungen innerhalb der sozialen Netzwerke und umgekehrt.\r\nDie Sprachrepertoires erscheinen als Einschreibung der Mobilität von Individuen selbst, genauso wie die von vorangegangenen Generationen und von ihrem Umfeld. Die Restrukturierung betrifft unter anderem Ressourcen, die dem Französischen, kongolesischen Sprachen und anderweitig in der Migration angeeigneten europäischen Sprachen zugeschrieben werden. Die Ressourcen des Französischen werden restrukturiert, indem die gebräuchlichen Ressourcen in verschiedenen sozialen Situationen in Lothringen angeeignet werden und vorhandene, in diesen Situationen unpassende, Ressourcen markiert und/oder unterdrückt werden. Gleichzeitig wird ein Differenzierungswissen der Ressourcen aufgebaut, zu denen auch Kategorisierungsschemata und Kommunikationsstrategien zählen, und es manifestiert sich sprachliche (Un-)Sicherheit. Die den kongolesischen Sprachen zugeordneten Ressourcen, ihre sozialen Funktionen und ihre Repräsentationen werden durch Prozesse der Attrition, der Aktualisierung, der Transformation und des sprachlichen Ausbaus restrukturiert. Die Ressourcen, die anderen europäischen Sprachen zugeordnet werden und in der Migration angeeignet wurden, treten in den Hintergrund und werden langsam aufgrund fehlender Benutzung vergessen. Schließlich hilft das Wissen der Handhabung von Mehrsprachigkeit, kultureller Diversität und Alterität, welches in den gleichen durch Diversität geprägten Situationen aufgebaut wurde, bei der internen Verarbeitung der räumlichen und sozialen Mobilitätserfahrungen und bei der Restrukturierung der Sprachrepertoires.",
"The present study examines the plurilingualism of migrants of the Republic of Congo in Lorraine through the prism of the concept of restructuration of linguistic repertoires. Sharpening the conceptualization of restructuring of linguistic repertoires by the study of plurilingualism of migrants of Congolese origin, this project opens new perspectives on the research of plurilingualism, especially regarding transgenerational mobilities and the diversity of processes of restructuring shaping the linguistic repertoires. By focusing on the linguistic and migrational biographies of 15 migrants, their social networks and language resources, this research reveals the diversity of processes and factors at the heart of the restructuring of linguistic repertoires through a multi-sited ethnographic study in Lorraine and Congo. The comprehension of the diversity in the restructuring dynamics of linguistic knowledge by the participants relies on the study of the historicity of situations of linguistic socialization in Congo, the migration routes, and the restructuring of social networks as well as linguistic repertoires in the settlement in Lorraine. Participation in the society of Lorraine and its social groups shapes identifications, social orientations, and the positioning in social networks, and vice versa.\r\nThe linguistic repertoires appear as enregisterments of the mobilities of the individuals as well as of those of former generations and close relatives. Among other things, restructuring concerns resources associated with French, Congolese languages and other languages appropriated in migration. The French resources are restructured from the migrants by appropriation of the common resources in different social situations in Lorraine and by marking and/or relegating inappropriate resources appropriated elsewhere. A the same time, knowledge of differentiating resources, which include classification schemes and communicative strategies, are developed as linguistic (in)security manifests. The resources associated with Congolese languages, their social functions and their representations are restructured in processes of attrition, actualization, transformation and linguistic elaboration. Moreover, resources associated with other European languages are relegated and slowly lost because of a lack of use. Finally, knowledge of management in plurilingualism, cultural diversity and otherness, appropriated in the same situations of diversity, helps internal treatment of experiences of spatial and social mobility along the restructuring of linguistic repertoires."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
73455 | Chopping up idioms : towards a combinatorial analysis | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"This dissertation deals with the lexical, morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of (VP )idioms and their behavior in combination with restrictive relative clauses, raising, constituent fronting, wh-movement, VP-ellipsis, pronominalization, the progressive form, verb placement, passivization, conjunction modification, and the N-after-N construction. It provides empirical evidence towards a combinatorial analysis of both semantically non-decomposable idioms (SNDIs) and semantically decomposable idioms (SDIs) and contributes to the (formal) formulation of such an account. \r\nThe Introduction (Chapter 1) first motivates why idioms are an exciting and challenging phenomenon and then gives a definition of the term idiom, a classification of idioms, and an overview of the wide spectrum of idiom analyses found in the linguistic literature. \r\nChapter 2, “Idioms as evidence for the proper analysis of relative clauses”, shows that the Modification Analysis beats the other two major analyses of restrictive relative clauses (RRCs), namely Raising and Matching, as (i) the latter two lead to a loss of numerous empirical generalizations in syntax and morphology, and (ii) contrary to the assumption in the literature, idioms in RRCs can, in fact, be licensed without literal syntactic movement of the RRC-head, which makes modification fully compatible with idiom reconstruction effects.\r\nChapter 3, “How frozen are frozen idioms?”, presents new empirical observations on the lexical, morphological, and syntactic flexibility of kick the bucket and displays that this idiom is not completely frozen with respect to its NP complement, the progressive form, and, in some contexts, even passivization. The chapter concludes that analyses of kick the bucket as a single lexical entry should be replaced by analyses of this and other SNDIs with a syntactically regular shape as consisting of individual word-level lexical entries that combine according to the standard rules of syntax.\r\nThis idea is taken up in Chapter 4, “The syntactic flexibility of semantically non-decomposable idioms”, which – based on the differences between English and German with regard to verb placement, constituent fronting, and passivization as well as a short outlook on Estonian and French – spells out a combinatorial analysis of SNDIs and augments it with a semantic analysis formulated in Lexical Resource Semantics, according to which some idiom parts make identical semantic contributions to the overall meaning of the idiom. The analysis further suggests that the syntactic flexibility of idioms is due to the semantic and pragmatic constraints on the involved constructions, rather than the syntactic encoding of the idioms.\r\nChapter 5, “Modification of literal meanings in semantically non-decomposable idioms”, reviews Ernst’s (1981) classical three types of idiom modification (internal, external, and conjunction) to then closely investigate the most challenging type, namely conjunction modification, in SNDIs. Based on naturally occurring examples of four SNDIs (two English, two German), it sketches an analysis in terms of two or more conjoined independent propositions, each of which can be the result of figurative reinterpretation. One of the propositions contains the idiomatic meaning, in (one of) the other(s), the meaning of the modifier applies to the literal meaning of the idiom’s noun.\r\nChapter 6, “Semantically decomposable idioms in the N-after-N construction”, offers a formal syntactic and semantic account of SDIs like pull strings in the N-after-N construction, as in Kim pulled string after string to get Alex into a good college. While the idiom contributes the type of entity at stake (‘string’ in the case of pull strings), N-after-N contributes that there are several instantiations of that type of entity and that these are subject to temporal or spatial succession. The chapter first summarizes the empirical properties of N-after-N, then provides an account of N-after-N in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), presents an updated version of the account of SDIs suggested in Chapter 2 within HPSG, and combines it with the HPSG account of N-after-N."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:415"
] |
73521 | Disnarration and the performance of storytelling in Taylor Swift’s folklore and evermore | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In a similar way to dramatic performances and plays, song lyrics establish a complex discourse structure whereby listeners are placed in a position to overhear ‘the pretence of a conversation constructed to convey the performer’s meaning’ (Nahajec 2019: 25; see also Short 1996: 169). In Swift’s songwriting, listeners are positioned not only to eavesdrop on the narratives presented, but are also invited to conceptualise and enact particular roles and scenarios in the discourse. This paper offers a stylistic analysis of songwriting and narrative structure across Swift’s oeuvre to identify how disnarration strategies are used to build stories in her two sister albums written and produced during the Covid-19 pandemic, folklore (2020) and evermore (2020). Specifically, this study examines how disnarration characterises the albums’ narrators, establishes narrator-narratee relationships and invites listeners to adopt a participatory role in the meaning-making process. Through close analysis of four songs across the two albums, this paper builds on developing studies of the stylistics of songwriting (see West 2019), and argues that disnarration strategies foreground particular themes within the discourse, such as nostalgia, wistfulness and regret, and contribute to the fictionalisation and self-aware storytelling characteristic of these albums’ storyworlds."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:820"
] |
7369 | Reduktion in natürlicher Sprache | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Natural (conversational) speech, compared to cannonical speech, is earmarked by the tremendous amount of variation that often leads to a massive change in pronunciation. Despite many attempts to explain and theorize the variability in conversational speech, its unique characteristics have not played a significant role in linguistic modeling. One of the reasons for variation in natural speech lies in a tendency of speakers to reduce speech, which may drastically alter the phonetic shape of words. Despite the massive loss of information due to reduction, listeners are often able to understand conversational speech even in the presence of background noise. This dissertation investigates two reduction processes, namely regressive place assimilation across word boundaries, and massive reduction and provides novel data from the analyses of speech corpora combined with experimental results from perception studies to reach a better understanding of how humans handle natural speech. The successes and failures of two models dealing with data from natural speech are presented: The FUL-model (Featurally Underspecified Lexicon, Lahiri & Reetz, 2002), and X-MOD (an episodic model, Johnson, 1997). Based on different assumptions, both models make different predictions for the two types of reduction processes under investigation. This dissertation explores the nature and dynamics of these processes in speech production and discusses its consequences for speech perception. More specifically, data from analyses of running speech are presented investigating the amount of reduction that occurs in naturally spoken German. Concerning production, the corpus analysis of regressive place assimilation reveals that it is not an obligatory process. At the same time, there emerges a clear asymmetry: With only very few exceptions, only [coronal] segments undergo assimilation, [labial] and [dorsal] segments usually do not. Furthermore, there seem to be cases of complete neutralization where the underlying Place of Articulation feature has undergone complete assimilation to the Place of Articulation feature of the upcoming segment. Phonetic analyses further underpin these findings. Concerning deletions and massive reductions, the results clearly indicate that phonological rules in the classical generative tradition are not able to explain the reduction patterns attested in conversational speech. Overall, the analyses of deletion and massive reduction in natural speech did not exhibit clear-cut patterns. For a more in-depth examination of reduction factors, the case of final /t/ deletion is examined by means of a new corpus constructed for this purpose. The analysis of this corpus indicates that although phonological context plays an important role on the deletion of segments (i.e. /t/), this arises in the form of tendencies, not absolute conditions. This is true for other deletion processes, too. Concerning speech perception, a crucial part for both models under investigation (X-MOD and FUL) is how listeners handle reduced speech. Five experiments investigate the way reduced speech is perceived by human listeners. Results from two experiments show that regressive place assimilations can be treated as instances of complete neutralizations by German listeners. Concerning massively reduced words, the outcome of transcription and priming experiments suggest that such words are not acceptable candidates of the intended lexical items for listeners in the absence of their proper phrasal context. Overall, the abstractionist FUL-model is found to be superior in explaining the data. While at first sight, X-MOD deals with the production data more readily, FUL provides a better fit for the perception results. Another important finding concerns the role of phonology and phonetics in general. The results presented in this dissertation make a strong case for models, such as FUL, where phonology and phonetics operate at different levels of the mental lexicon, rather than being integrated into one. The findings suggest that phonetic variation is not part of the representation in the mental lexicon.",
"Natürliche (spontane) Sprache in Dialogen zeichnet sich, im Vergleich zu kanonischer Sprache, vor allem durch das enorme Ausmaß an Variation aus. Diese kann oft dazu führen, dass Wörter in der Aussprache massiv verändert werden. Trotz einiger Bemühungen, Variabilität in natürlicher Sprache zu erklären und theoretisch zu fassen, haben die einzigartigen Merkmale natürlicher Sprache kaum Eingang in linguistische Modelle gefunden. Einer der Gründe, warum Variation in natürlicher Sprache zu beobachten ist, liegt in der Tendenz der Sprecher, Sprache zu reduzieren. Dies kann die phonetische Gestalt von Wörtern drastisch beeinflussen. Obwohl hierdurch massiv Information durch Reduktion verloren geht, sind Hörer oft in der Lage Spontansprache zu verstehen, sogar, wenn Hintergrundgeräusche dies erschweren. Diese Dissertation untersucht zwei Reduktionsprozesse: Regressive Assimilation des Artikulationsortes über Wortgrenzen hinweg und Massive Reduktion. Es werden neue Daten präsentiert, die durch die Analysen von Sprachkorpora gewonnen wurden. Außerdem stehen experimentelle Ergebnisse von Perzeptionsstudien im Mittelpunkt, die helfen sollen, besser zu verstehen, wie Menschen mit natürlicher Sprache umgehen. Die Dissertation zeigt die Erfolge und Probleme von zwei Modellen im Umgang mit Daten von natürlicher Sprache auf: Das FUL-Modell (Featurally Underspecified Lexicon , Lahiri & Reetz, 2002), und X-MOD (ein episodisches Modell, Johnson, 1997). Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Annahmen machen die zwei Modelle verschiedene Vorhersagen für die beiden Reduktionsprozesse, die in dieser Dissertation untersucht werden. Es werden Art und Auswirkungen der beiden Prozesse für Sprachproduktion untersucht und die Konsequenzen für das Sprachverstehen beleuchtet. Was die Sprachproduktion betrifft, so zeigt eine Korpusanalyse von natürlich gesprochenem Deutsch, dass der Reduktionsprozess regressive Assimilation des Artikulationsortes nicht obligatorisch statt findet. Gleichzeitig wird eine hervorstechende Asymmetrie deutlich: Abgesehen von einigen wenigen Ausnahmen werden ausschließlich [koronale] Segmente assimiliert, [labiale] und [dorsale] Segmente normalerweise nicht. Außerdem, so legen die Produktionsdaten nahe, gibt es Fälle, in denen die Assimilation des Artikulationsortes an den Artikulationsort des Folgesegmentes komplett ist, also eine vollständige Neutralisierung der Merkmalskontraste vom Sprecher vorgenommen wurde. Phonetische Analysen bestätigen dieses Resultat. Im Fall von Löschungen und massiven Reduktion demonstrieren die Ergebnisse eindeutig, dass phonologische Regeln – im klassischen generativen Sinne – nicht in der Lage sind, die Reduktionsmuster zu beschreiben, die in Spontansprache vorkommen. Alles in allem zeigen die Analysen von massiven Reduktionen und Löschungen keine eindeutigen Muster auf. Um einzelne Faktoren, die Reduktionen beeinflussen, genauer untersuchen zu können, wurde die Löschung von (Wort) finalem /t/ anhand eines neuen, für diesen Zweck kreierten Korpus durchgeführt. Die Analyse dieses Korpus unterstreicht, dass, obwohl phonologischer Kontext eine gewichtigen Einfluss darauf hat, ob Segmente (d.h. /t/) gelöscht werden, dieser Einfluss eher als Tendenz verstanden werden muss, nicht als absolute Bedingung. Dieses Resultat trifft auch auf andere Löschungsprozesse zu. Beide Modelle (X-MOD und FUL), die in dieser Dissertation untersucht werden, gehen im Kern der Frage nach, wie Hörer Sprache verstehen. Fünf Experimente untersuchen, wie reduzierte Sprache von menschlichen Hörern wahrgenommen wird. Ergebnisse von zwei Studien zeigen, dass Assimilationen von deutschen Hörern durchaus als komplett neutralisiert wahrgenommen werden. Was die Perzeption von massiv reduzierten Wörtern betrifft, belegen die Resultate von Transkriptionsstudien und Priming-Experimenten, dass solche Wörter nicht als Wortkandidaten für die korrekten lexikalischen Einträge akzeptiert werden, wenn sie ohne ihren Satz-Kontext dargeboten werden. Insgesamt ist das abstraktionistische FUL-Modell besser in der Lage, die Daten zu erklären, die in dieser Dissertation präsentiert werden. Auf den ersten Blick scheint X-MOD zwar etwas besser geeignet, die Produktionsdaten zu erklären, hauptsächlich jedoch, weil Variation als Grundannahme im Modell verankert ist. FUL ist klar überlegen, was die Perzeptionsseite betrifft. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ergebnis dieser Dissertation ist die Rolle, die Phonologie und Phonetik im Allgemeinen zugedacht werden kann. Die Resultate, die hier vorgestellt werden, liefern starke Argumente für Modelle – wie z.B. FUL – in denen Phonologie und Phonetik auf verschiedenen Ebenen des mentalen Lexikons aktiv sind und nicht in einem integriert sind. Die Befunde legen nahe, dass phonetische Variation nicht Teil der Repräsentation im mentalen Lexikon ist."
] | ddc:430 | [
"Phonologie",
"Distinktives Merkmal",
"Phonetik",
"Assimilation <Phonetik>",
"Reduktion <Linguistik>",
"Reduktion",
"Sprachwahrnehmung",
"Sprachproduktion"
] |
74213 | Multilingual content and language integrated learning (CLIL)
in the social sciences : a design-based action research
approach to teaching 21st century challenges with a focus on
translanguaging and emotions in learning | eng | doc-type:book | [
"This monograph contributes to research in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Amidst the absence of any educational standards as well as other research deficits, Chapter II sketches a conceptual framework with a competence model for multilingual CLIL classes in the social sciences. It develops a line of argument for the promotion of global discourse competence for democratic participation within a transnational civil society. The subsequent four chapters, comprising one conceptual, one methodological and two empirical contributions, look at different aspects of the conceptual framework. Chapter III defends the developed competence model and further specifies its idea of thought in proposing the construction of multilingual 'cosmopolitan classroom glocalities' for the genesis of 21st century skills. The example of #climonomics, a multilingual EU parliamentary debate about climate change, illustrates its practical realization within school education and exemplifies the contribution to education for sustainable development (ESD) and the value of democratic and participatory learning arrangements. Chapter IV introduces design-based action research (DBAR), the method used in Chapters V & VI. DBAR is a hybrid of action and design-based research and is thereby ideally suited for bridging the gap of theory and practice in educational research. Chapter IV argues for closer cooperation between academics and practitioners, along with pragmatic stakeholder participation by involving students and teachers into research, in a quest for inductively making practical knowledge scientific. Chapter V, more language-biased, draws on the notion of translanguaging and presents the concept of 'trans-foreign-languaging' as a multilingual approach to CLIL with first language (L1) use. During six weeks DBAR, a comprehensive CLIL teaching model with judicious and principled L1 use was designed together with the study group. The model offers affordance-based and differentiated methods for different learner types. Its genesis is reconstructed by a thick description of the natural classroom dynamics. Chapter VI, rather subjectbased, asks about the influence of such bilingual language use on emotions, in particular on the formation of political judgments. It suggests different ways to measure emotions during various natural classroom settings. The chapter concludes that CLIL with L1 use has the potential to engender a perfect equilibrium of emotional and rational learning, integrating emotions into learning and valuing its positive contribution towards appropriate and multilayered political judgments. The concluding Chapter VII binds the previous chapters together and discusses the results. Criteria for the generalization of the results are assessed, and limits demarcated. It highlights the contribution to CLIL research and looks into the future, suggesting further direct classroom interventions, also with the goal to prepare the research field for larger undertakings.",
"Die vorliegende Monografie widmet sich dem Themenbereich des Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Aufgrund nicht-verfügbarer Bildungsstandards und weiterer Forschungsdefizite skizziert Chapter II einen Orientierungsrahmen mitsamt eines Kompetenzmodells für CLIL in den Sozialwissenschaften. In erster Linie wird die Förderung globaler Diskurskompetenz mit dem Ziel einer demokratischen Teilhabe innerhalb einer transnationalen Zivilgesellschaft geltend gemacht. Der folgenden vier Kapitel, in der Reihenfolge der Beiträge konzeptionell, methodisch und zweimal empirisch, behandeln verschiedene Aspekte des Orientierungsrahmens. Chapter III gestaltet das Kompetenzmodell weiter aus. Die Erschaffung mehrsprachiger 'kosmopolitischer classroom glocalities', so wird argumentiert, fördere die Genese von 21st century skills. Anhand des Beispiels von #climonomics, einer mehrsprachigen EU-Parlamentsdebatte zum Klimawandel, wird die praktische Umsetzung des Konzepts exemplifiziert und der Beitrag für eine Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) im Sinne demokratischer und partizipativer Unterrichtskonzepte aufgezeigt. Nachfolgendes Chapter IV führt in design-based action research (DBAR) als angewandte Forschungsmethode innerhalb Chapter V & VI ein. DBAR, ein Hybrid aus Aktions- und designbasierter Forschung, eignet sich besonders, um eine Brücke zwischen didaktischer Forschung und schulischer Praxis zu erschaffen. Eine stärkere Verzahnung durch eine pragmatische Inklusion aller Akteur*innen, d.h. Lernende und Lehrende, im Rahmen von Forschungsvorhaben wird vorgeschlagen, um praktisches Wissen induktiv zu verwissenschaftlichen. Das eher sprachdidaktische Chapter V stellt auf Grundlage des Konzepts des Translanguagings einen Ansatz des trans-foreign-languagings zum mehrsprachigen Lernen innerhalb CLIL vor. Als Ergebnis einer sechswöchigen DBAR entstand ein umfassendes CLIL-Unterrichtsmodel mit systematischem und planvollem Einsatz der Erstsprache (L1), welches gemeinsam mit der Forschungsgruppe konzipiert wurde. Es beinhaltet affordanzbasierte und differenzierte Methoden für verschiedene Lerntypen. Dessen Entstehung wird durch eine dichte Beschreibung der natürlichen Unterrichtsprozesse rekonstruiert. Chapter VI mit sachfachdidaktischem Schwerpunkt untersucht den Einfluss von bilingualem Unterricht auf Emotionen, und insbesondere auf die Fällung politischer Urteile. Verschiedene Verfahren, welche Emotionen während des regulären Unterrichtsgeschehens messen, werden präsentiert. Die Evidenz lässt vermuten, dass CLIL mit L1 möglicherweise ein perfektes Gleichgewicht von emotionalen und rationalen Lernprozessen fördert. Damit wird die herausragende Rolle von Emotionen während des Lehrens und Lernens und hinsichtlich der Genese eines angemessenen und mehrschichtigen politischen Urteils gewürdigt. Die Schlussdiskussion in Chapter VII verbindet alle Ergebnisse der vorherigen Kapitel. Fragen der Generalisierung bzw. der Reichweite der Ergebnisse werden diskutiert. Der Beitrag zu CLIL-basierter Forschung wird herausgehoben sowie ein Blick in die Zukunft vorgenommen. Insbesondere wird ein Plädoyer für weitere direkte Interventionen in natürliche Lernumgebungen formuliert, auch mit dem Ziel das Feld für breitangelegtere Forschungsvorhaben vorzubereiten."
] | ddc:300 | [
"Englisch",
"Content and language integrated learning",
"Zweisprachiger Unterricht",
"Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung",
"Sozialkundeunterricht",
"ddc:370",
"ddc:420"
] |
74388 | Section-Type constraints on the choice of linguistic mechanisms in research articles: a corpus-based approach | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"This thesis investigates the structure of research articles in the field of Computational Linguistics with the goal of establishing that a set of distinctive linguistic features is associated with each section type. The empirical results of the study are derived from the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of research articles from the ACL Anthology Corpus. More than 20,000 articles were analyzed for the purpose of retrieving the target section types and extracting the predefined set of linguistic features from them. Approximately 1,100 articles were found to contain all of the following five section types: abstract, introduction, related work, discussion, and conclusion. These were chosen for the purpose of comparing the frequency of occurrence of the linguistic features across the section types. Making use of frameworks for Natural Language Processing, the Stanford CoreNLP Module, and the Python library SpaCy, as well as scripts created by the author, the frequency scores of the features were retrieved and analyzed with state-of-the-art statistical techniques.\r\nThe results show that each section type possesses an individual profile of linguistic features which are associated with it more or less strongly. These section-feature associations are shown to be derivable from the hypothesized purpose of each section type.\r\nOverall, the findings reported in this thesis provide insights into the writing strategies that authors employ so that the overall goal of the research paper is achieved.\r\nThe results of the thesis can find implementation in new state-of-the-art applications that assist academic writing and its evaluation in a way that provides the user with a more sophisticated, empirically based feedback on the relationship between linguistic mechanisms and text type. In addition, the potential of the identification of text-type specific linguistic characteristics (a text-feature mapping) can contribute to the development of more robust language-based models for disinformation detection."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
744 | Explizit performative Äußerungen : Deklarationen, Feststellungen oder indirekte Sprechakte? | deu | doc-type:masterThesis | [
"Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit einem spezifischen Phänomen innerhalb der Sprachphilosophie und der linguistischen Pragmatik – den explizit performativen Äußerungen (Austin 1979). Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen die detaillierte Explikation und der kritische Vergleich zweier prominenter Erklärungsmodelle von Performativen: Einerseits Bach/Harnish’s (1979) Analyse dieser Äußerungen als indirekte Sprechakte, andererseits Searle’s (1989) Behandlung von Performativen als Deklarationen. Die Arbeit gliedert sich wie folgt. Kapitel 1 führt die terminologischen Grundlagen ein und dient der Darstellung des Performativitätsproblems. Kapitel 2 befasst sich mit der Nachzeichnung der Standardisierten Indirektheit von Performativen nach Bach/Harnish (1979) und der Kritik an diesem Modell. Nach einer Einführung in das intentionale Kommunikationsmodell von Grice erfolgt eine Darstellung der allgemeinen Prinzipien von Bach/Harnish’s Kommunikationstheorie, die in expliziter Anlehnung an Grice konzipiert ist. Grundlage für die Behandlung der Analyse expliziter Performative ist vor allem die Darstellung des Speech Act Schema, also des inferentiellen Rasters, das Bach/Harnish sprachlicher Kommunikation zugrunde legen, sowie die Erläuterung der Begriffe der Konventionalisierung und Standardisierung. Die eigentliche Darstellung der Theorie präsentiert zwei unterschiedliche Muster zur inferentiellen Entschlüsselung der indirekten Bedeutung explizit performativer Äußerungen und schließt mit einem Modell, das die beiden Indirektheitsanalysen und Standardisierung integriert. Die Kritik wägt beide Indirektheitsanalysen gegeneinander ab, befasst sich mit der generellen Frage, ob Performative die Eigenschaften indirekter Sprechakte besitzen und untersucht, inwiefern die Annahme des Vollzugs eines assertiven Aktes mit Performativen problematisch ist. Kapitel 3 wendet sich der Searle’schen Deklarationsanalyse performativer Äußerungen zu. Zu Beginn werden die Grundlagen dieses Modells verfügbar gemacht. Dazu wird, neben einem kurzen Überblick über Searle’s Theorie auf dem Stand von „Sprechakte“ (1971), seine Klassifikation illokutionärer Akte detailliert dargestellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund erfolgt die Nachzeichnung des Deklarationsansatzes. In der anschließenden kritischen Betrachtung des Modells wird die Idee der Intentionsmanifestation diskutiert und es wird geprüft ob sich die unterstellte Existenz einer assertiven illokutionären Rolle von Performativen bestätigen lässt. Insbesondere wird schließlich die illokutionäre Kategorie der Deklarationen hinterfragt. Kapitel 4 dient einer vergleichenden Gegenüberstellung der beiden zuvor behandelten Theorien und versucht abzuwägen, welcher Ansatz die Funktion und Eigenschaften explizit performativer Äußerungen besser erfasst. In Kapitel 5 wird der Versuch unternommen, eine alternative Sicht zu entwickeln. Das besondere kommunikative Potential der Klasse der explizit performativen Äußerungen wird dabei mit ihren semantischen und pragmatischen Aspekten in Verbindung gebracht. Auf diese Weise soll ein Ansatz verfolgt werden, der die deskriptive Eigenschaft von Performativen mit ihrer optionalen performativen Verwendung in Beziehung setzt, ohne diese auf eine assertive illokutionäre Rolle zurückführen zu müssen. Kapitel 6 dient einer abschließenden und resümierenden Betrachtung der im Verlauf der Arbeit unternommenen Überlegungen"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Pragmatik",
"Sprechakttheorie",
"Austin, John L.",
"Searle, John R.",
"Illokutiver Akt",
"Illokutionäres Verb"
] |
7483 | Neologismen des Lettischen anhand des schriftstellerischen Werkes von Zigmunds Skujins | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Untersuchung: Aus acht Werken des zeitgenössischen Schriftstellers Zigmunds Skujins wurden 500 lettische Wörter untersucht, die in den drei umfangreichsten lettischen Wörterbüchern nicht verzeichnet und somit möglicherweise Neologismen des Autors sind. Analysiert werden die Wortarten, die Komposita, die Herkunft der assimilierten Lehnwörter, orthographische und andere Varianten bereits lexikalisierter Wörter, die Arten der Diminutivbildung und der Präfigierung. Außerdem werden Aussagen über die Motivation des Autors gemacht und schließlich die Langlebigkeit dieser Neologismen mit Hilfe der Suchmaschine www.google.lv untersucht. Resultate: Es fanden sich 353 Substantive, 74 Verben, 55 Adjektive und 18 Adverbien. Unter den 500 Neuwörtern waren 210 Komposita und 185 assimilierte Lehnwörter, wovon die überwiegende Mehrheit aus dem Deutschen rekrutiert wurden. Orthographisch variiert waren 36 Wörter. Die Motivation für die Bildung von Neologismen lag bei diesem Autor in der Erhöhung der Plastizität des Ausdrucks, in der Erzeugung von Despektierlichkeit und Humor. Im Internet fanden sich 52,2 % der 500 Neologismen, 45,2 % konnten nicht gefunden werden und 2,6 % waren mit dieser Methode nicht eruierbar, weil sie mit Eigennamen identisch waren. Schlussfolgerungen: Der lettische Autor Zigmunds Skujins hat in diesen Werken durch die Bildung und die Anwendung vieler Neologismen dazu beigetragen die Lexik des Lettischen zu bereichern. Durch seine v.a. aus Morphemen des Lettischen gebildeten Neuwörter hat er bewiesen, dass es möglich ist neue Begriffe aus dem Lettischen zu bilden. Bei Entlehnungen greift er vor allem auf das Deutsche und auf Sprachen aus dem westlichen Kulturkreis zurück, weniger auf das Russische. Um solchen Neologismen zu mehr Verbreitung zu verschaffen, wäre es wünschenswert ein elektronisches Neologismenwörterbuch zu erstellen, das allen privat und beruflich an der lettischen Sprache Interessierten frei zugänglich ist.",
"Background: The researcher examined and extracted 500 neologisms from eight works by the contemporary author Zigmunds Skujins (born 1921). Since none of these words appear in the three most extensive Latvian dictionaries, it suggests that they are Skujins’s very own neologisms. The inquiry analysed: classes of words, compound words, the languages from which assimilated words were borrowed, orthographic and other variants of words already lexicalized, the author’s manner of creating diminutives and his use of prefixes. In addition, the investigation explored Skujins’s motivation for coining neologisms and determined the longevity of these words by searching them via www.google.lv. Results: The new words found included 353 nouns, 74 verbs, 55 adjectives and 18 adverbs. Among the 500 neologisms were 210 compound words and 185 assimilated/borrowed words, the preponderance of which derived from German. Orthographic changes were discovered in 36 words. Zigmunds Skujins’s motivation for coining neologisms was to intensify plasticity of expression and to evoke disdain and humour. The web search located 52.2 percent of the 500 neologisms; 45.2 percent could not be found; and 2.6 percent didn’t apply, due to their association with proper names. Conclusions: In these eight works, the Latvian author Zigmunds Skujins significantly enriched the Latvian vocabulary by creating and employing hundreds of neologisms. Coined almost exclusively from or with Latvian morphemes, his neologisms demonstrated the dexterity of the Latvian language in defining new notions. When borrowing from other languages, he opted more often for German and other Western languages than for Russian. To disseminate such neologisms more widely, this researcher recommends the creation of an electronic Latvian neologism dictionary, with free access for all private and professional individuals interested in the Latvian language."
] | ddc:490 | [] |
74936 | Deutsche Sprache schöne Sprache? | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Während es jedem unbenommen ist, eine Sprache oder einen Dialekt schön oder häßlich zu finden, wird immer wieder versucht, sprachästhetische Urteile zu begründen. In diesem Essay werden Urteile über die deutsche Sprache gesammelt und linguistisch betrachtet, d.h. nicht nach den sozio-kulturellen Assoziationen, die sie auslöst (Giles/Niedzielsky 1998: social connotation hypothesis), sondern nach sprachlichen Merkmalen (inherent value hypothesis), was Versuche nicht ausschließt, sozio-kulturelle Assoziationen linguistisch zu legitimieren. Konsens scheint darüber zu bestehen, daß die romanischen Sprachen, und unter diesen besonders das Italienische, schöner klingen als die germanischen Sprachen, und unter diesen besonders das Deutsche, während das Deutsche durch Ableitung und Zusammensetzung Wortbildungsmöglichkeiten hat und nutzt, die anderen Sprachen versagt sind. Was die Aussagekraft solcher Vergleiche mindert, ist ihr Eurozentrismus; ästhetische Urteile über „exotische“ Sprachen sind noch selten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Kontrastive Linguistik",
"Sprachtypologie",
"Lautstilistik",
"Sprachkultur",
"Wortbildung",
"Sprachpflege",
"Dialektologie",
"ddc:410",
"ddc:430"
] |
75112 | One-to-many relations in morphology, syntax, and semantics | eng | doc-type:book | [
"The standard view of the form-meaning interfaces, as embraced by the great majority of contemporary grammatical frameworks, consists in the assumption that meaning can be associated with grammatical form in a one-to-one correspondence. Under this view, composition is quite straightforward, involving concatenation of form, paired with functional application in meaning. In this book, we discuss linguistic phenomena across several grammatical sub-modules (morphology, syntax, semantics) that apparently pose a problem to the standard view, mapping out the potential for deviation from the ideal of one-to-one correspondences, and develop formal accounts of the range of phenomena. We argue that a constraint-based perspective is particularly apt to accommodate deviations from one-to-many correspondences, as it allows us to impose constraints on full structures (such as a complete word or the interpretation of a full sentence) instead of deriving such structures step by step.\r\n\r\nMost of the papers in this volume are formulated in a particular constraint-based grammar framework, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The contributions investigate how the lexical and constructional aspects of this theory can be combined to provide an answer to this question across different linguistic sub-theories."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
75121 | Indefinite objects in micro-variation. A cross-linguistic analysis of the distribution of Partitives Articles, Bare Nominals and definite determiners in Northern Italy | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This contribution focuses on indefinite arguments in object position. We address this topic from the point of view of the crosslinguistic variation within the Romance continuum, especially looking at Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). The target is to describe the distribution of the different possible realizations of this kind of arguments in this area by means of an in-depth analysis of the data coming from the ASIt database and from three new fieldwork sessions. We show that the microvariation attested in this area reflects and refines the “macro” variation attested among the major Romance languages. The fine-grained picture that can be drawn from a closer look to a set of minimally varying languages helps crosslinguistic comparison and, consequently, the modeling of more precise analyses."
] | ddc:410 | [
"ddc:450"
] |
75143 | Partitive articles and indefinites, micro and macrovariation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"This introductory paper provides an overview of the main phenomena investigated in this Special Issue, such as the relation between the encoding of indefinites and the presence of genitive and definite markers, the relation between partitivity and indefiniteness and the distribution of these phenomena in minority, or “micro”, varieties – such as Italian dialects, Galloromance varieties, North and South Saami – compared to the distribution of the same phenomena in majority, or “macro”, varieties – such as French, Italian, Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Estonian, Finnish, Czech and Serbian. The second part of the paper, then, provides an overview of the content of each original paper collected in the special issue."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
79165 | Dialog generation using language models | eng | doc-type:bachelorThesis | [
"Large language models have become widely available to the general public, especially due to ChatGPT's release. Consequently, the AI community has invested much effort into recreating language models of the same caliber as ChatGPT, since the latter is still a technical blackbox. This thesis aims to contribute to that cause by proposing R.O.B.E.R.T., a Robotic Operating Buddy for Efficiency, Research and Teaching. In doing so, it presents a first implementation of a lightweight environment which produces tailor-made, instruction-following language models with a heavy focus on conversational capabilities that instruct themselves into a given domain-context. Within this environment, the generation of datasets, the fine-tuning process and finally the inference of a unique R.O.B.E.R.T. instance are all carried out as part of an automated pipeline.",
"Große Sprachmodelle sind inzwischen für die breite Öffentlichkeit zugänglich, insbesondere durch die Veröffentlichung von ChatGPT. Infolgedessen hat die KI-Gemeinschaft viel Mühe in die Erstellung von Sprachmodellen gleichen Kalibers wie ChatGPT investiert, da Letzteres immer noch eine technische Blackbox ist. Die vorliegende Thesis möchte einen Beitrag dazu leisten, indem sie R.O.B.E.R.T., einen Robotic OpeRating Buddy foR Efficiency, ReseaRch and Teaching vorstellt. Dabei präsentiert sie die erste Implementierung einer leichtgewichtigen Umgebung, die maßgeschneiderte, anweisungsgetreue Sprachmodelle mit einem starken Fokus auf Konversationsfähigkeit erzeugt, die sich selbst in einen gegebenen Domänenkontext einarbeiten. Innerhalb dieser Umgebung werden die Generierung von Datensätzen, der Feinabstimmungsprozess und schließlich die Inferenz einer einzigartigen R.O.B.E.R.T.-Instanz als Teil einer automatisierten Pipeline durchgeführt."
] | ddc:004 | [
"ddc:400"
] |
79395 | Bedeutung von Kunstkritik in wissenschaftlichen und populärwissenschaftlichen Medien | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Allgemeines zur Rolle von Kunstkritik in Europa und den USA seit den 1980er Jahren; Vergleich der Zeitschriften frieze und Texte zur Kunst."
] | ddc:430 | [
"ddc:700"
] |
8001 | Zur kontrastiven Erforschung des Tschetschenischen und des Deutschen | deu | doc-type:bookPart | [
"Die tschetschenische und die deutsche Sprache gehören bekanntlich zu unterschiedlichen Sprachfamilien. Die traditionelle morphologische Klassifikation zählt das Tschetschenische zu den agglutinierenden Sprachen. Dennoch zeigt das Tschetschenische viele gemeinsame Züge mit den Sprachen anderer genealogischer Strukturen, so zum Beispiel – unserer These nach – mit dem Deutschen auf dem Gebiet der Phonetik. Hinsichtlich der Morphologie und der Syntax gib es Ähnlichkeiten mit den slawischen Sprachen, vornehmlich dem Russischen. Die tschetschenischen Sprachforscher betonen aber, dass ihre Sprache unter den anderen kaukasischen, agglutinierenden Sprachen einen besonderen Platz einnimmt, weil man in ihr viele Merkmale der Flektierbarkeit beobachten kann, besonders bei der Deklination von Gattungsnamen, Adjektiven und Partizipien."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Aspekt <Linguistik>",
"Tempus",
"Tschetschenisch"
] |
80503 | Zu den Bedeutungen einiger im Siebenbürgisch-Sächsischen bezeugten Substantive: Fisimatenten, Kramantes, Mäuse, Schnörkel, Spamponaden; Ambāgesz, Fortomäntul, Matāni (Matānyǝ) | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The aim of this article is to elaborate on the nouns listed in the title based on selected vernacular records, which in a certain phrase, but also by themselves, express the meanings making troubles/difficulties and seeking excuses/evasions. First of all, Transylvanian Saxon and High German respectively the German colloquial language have these lexemes in common, as well as vernacular words that do not belong to this linguistic level. Furthermore, it should be clarified that these vernacular words are attested in different sound variants from case to case in the Rhenish, in the Palatine and in the Bavarian-Austrian vernaculars, in the same or similar meanings in corresponding vernacular dictionaries. Transylvanian Saxon proper vocabulary is represented by a borrowing from Latin and two borrowings from Romanian. The dialect documents presented in the article are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary, its archive, the North Transylvanian Dictionary as well as from dialect and specialist literature. The etymological explanations respectively the etymological considerations of the analyzed lexemes have been prepared mainly based on relevant specialist dictionaries."
] | ddc:430 | [] |
80532 | Die sächsische Gemeinde aus der walachischen Stadt Câmpulung Muscel/Langenau am Beispiel einer deutschsprachigen Urkunde aus dem 16. Jahrhundert | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The article intends to present some facts about the medieval history of the Saxons in the Wallachian town of Câmpulung Muscel/Langenau. German-speaking colonists were settled in Langenau around the 13th century, and their traces can be followed until the middle of the 18th century. A German language document from the 16th century will serve as an illustration, depicting the relations between the Transylvanian Saxons from Râșnov/Rosenau and the population of Câmpulung Muscel/Langenau. The linguistic peculiarities of the document are discussed, as well as the problems of its transcription, which led to different publication variants. This document is also interesting because it contains many Romanian names of persons."
] | ddc:090 | [
"ddc:430",
"ddc:940"
] |
80533 | Bildungssprache Deutsch an deutschen Auslands- und DSD – Schulen (in Regionen mit autochthonen deutschen Minderheiten) | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The article deals with the educational language German at German schools abroad and DSD schools in Romania. Schools in regions with autochthonous German minorities are given special consideration, as these contribute to the preservation of the minority‘s cultural identity. Existing empirical studies on language use and language retention at DSD schools are discussed and it is proposed that analyzes should not only be devoted to the norm-orientation in the language use of pupils, but to interactive processes in subject teaching."
] | ddc:370 | [
"ddc:430"
] |
80535 | Stellenanzeigen in Zeitungen: eine vergleichende Studie anhand deutscher
und kamerunischer Texte | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Across different cultures in the world, companies recruit new workers by publishing job announcement in newspapers. This contribution examines job announcement in German and Cameroonians newspapers in order to bring out theirs similarities and differences. The analysis reveals that job announcements in both countries are quite similar as far as the communication situation is concerned. Differences and similarities appear in text structure and in the usage of linguistic items."
] | ddc:070 | [
"ddc:420",
"ddc:430"
] |
80536 | Das Übersetzen von transkultureller Erinnerung: zwischen Einbürgerung
und Entfremdung | deu | doc-type:article | [
"This paper highlights the theoretical foundations of the turn from the classical understanding of translation as the interlingual transmission of texts to the broader and partly metaphorical conception of translation as the transfer and mediation of different types of spatial and temporal boundaries. The intersection of fictional memory with translation will be explored in the context of theoretical considerations for establishing a framework for analysing the role of translates in circulating transcultural memory."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:800"
] |
80537 | Übersetzungsstrategien und -prozesse in "Hänsel und Gretel"-Übersetzungen | deu | doc-type:article | [
"The story of Hansel and Gretel, published by the German Brothers Grimm, has been translated from German to Turkish many times by many translators. In this context, our study aimed to examine the translation approaches, processes and strategies of translation works produced by different translators and in different years. The sentences forming the source text were selected at random and their equivalents were searched for in three different translation texts. Our research evaluated general translation strategies and included the similarities/differences found in the source and target translation works. As a result, it can be seen that translation strategies such as addition, rearrangement, enlargement and reduction are applied. Our study was examined according to Gideon Toury‘s goal-directed translation theory and tried to determine within the framework of adequacy and acceptability using examples."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:830"
] |
80538 | Die sozial-emotionalen Voraussetzungen im Fremdsprachenerwerb | deu | doc-type:article | [
"In the field of second language acquisition, a lot of emphasis has been placed on factors such as input, age, linguistic background, and prior knowledge of the learner, and there has been ongoing examination and refinement of teaching methods and pedagogy. However, there is still an important factor that is not always considered in the learning process: socio-emotional prerequisites. These prerequisites refer to the non-linguistic factors that vary from person to person and can contribute to the complexity of the learning process. The social environment and emotional states of the learner can heavily influence the learning context, and it is no longer just a matter of considering the cognitive variables of an individual, but rather looking at the individual as a whole, which is formed by multiple variables. The group-specific learning atmosphere can also have greatly impact on the development of the learning process. All these factors raise the question of to what extent they influence the reception and production of a foreign language."
] | ddc:370 | [
"ddc:400"
] |
80896 | Case competition in headless relatives | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"This dissertation is about case competition in headless relatives. Case competition is a situation in which two cases are assigned but only one of them surfaces. One of the constructions in which case competition takes place is in headless relatives, i.e. relative clauses that lack a head. This dissertation has two goals: (i) to give an overview of the data, and (ii) to provide an account for the observed data.\r\nThe grammaticality of a headless relative is determined by two aspects. The first aspect concerns which case wins the case competition. In all languages with case competition that I am aware of, this is determined by the case scale in NOM < ACC < DAT. A case more to the right on the scale wins over a case more to the left on the scale. This scale is not specific to case competition in headless relatives, but it can also be observed in syncretism patterns and morphological case containment. I show that that the case scale can be derived from assuming the cumulative case decomposition (cf. Caha 2009). A case wins over another case when it contains all features that the other case contains.\r\nThe second aspect of case competition in headless relatives concerns whether the winner of the case competition is allowed to surface when it wins the case competition. The winning case can be either the internal case required by the predicate in the relative clause, or the external case required by the predicate in the main clause. It differs from language to language whether they allow the internal and the external case to surface. \r\nAll language types I discuss allow for a headless relative when the internal and the external case match. The unrestricted type of language allows both the internal case and the external case to surface when either of them wins the case competition. Examples of this language type are Old High German, Gothic and Ancient Greek. The internal-only type of language allows only the internal case to surface when it wins the case competition, and it does not allow the external case to do so. An example of this language type is Modern German. The external-only type of language allows only the external case to surface when it wins the case competition, and it does not allow the internal case to do so. To my knowledge, there is no language that behaves like this. The matching type of language allows neither the internal nor the external case to surface when either of them wins the case competition. An example of this language type is Polish.\r\nTo account for the data, I set up a proposal that generates the attested patterns and excludes the non-attested ones. I let the variation between languages follow from properties of languages that can be independently observed. By investigating the morphology of the languages, I suggest differences between the lexical entries in the different languages. These different lexical entries ultimately lead languages to be of different types. In my proposal, I assume that headless relatives are derived from light-headed relatives. Light-headed relatives contain a light head and a relative pronoun. In a headless relative either the light head or the relative pronoun is deleted. The necessary requirement for deletion is that the deleted element (either the light head or relative pronoun) is structurally or formally contained in the other element.\r\nI motivate the analysis for the internal-only type of language for Modern German, for the matching type of language for Polish and for the unrestricted type of language for Old High German. I first identify the morphemes that the light heads and relative pronouns in the languages consist of, and then I show to which features each of the morphemes correspond. The crucial difference between the internal-only type of language Modern German and the matching type of language Polish is how the phi and case features are spelled out. In Modern German they are spelled out by a phi and case feature portmanteau, and, in Polish, the same features are spelled out by a phi feature morpheme and a case feature morpheme. Old High German differs from the other two languages in that it has light heads and relative pronouns that are syncretic. I show how these differences in the morphology of the languages ultimately leads to different grammaticality patterns in headless relatives.\r\nComparing my account to others shows that all proposals account for the case facts using some kind of case hierarchy. The proposals differ in how they model the variation, both in the technical details of the proposal, but more importantly, also in empirical scope and predictions they make."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
81631 | „Das ist doch etwas Totes“ – Funktionsverbgefüge in der digitalen Sprachkritik : eine korpusbasierte Untersuchung zur Valenz, Erweiterung, Position und Referenz von Funktionsverbgefügen und ihren Leistungen im Text | deu | doc-type:article | [
"Funktionsverbgefüge stehen seit jeher in der Sprachkritik, die sich nun auch auf digitale Räume ausbreitet. Vertreten wird dort die These, Funktionsverbgefüge und ihre entsprechenden Basisverben seien äquivalent und könnten in allen Kontexten durch die verbalen Entsprechungen ersetzt werden. Dies kann durch die vorliegende korpusbasierte und textlinguistische Studie am Beispiel des Gefüges Frage stellen widerlegt werden. Anhand eines extensiven Datenmaterials aus den Wikipedia-Artikel-Korpora des IDS zeige ich die semantischen, grammatischen und textlinguistischen Unterschiede zwischen dem Basisverb und dem Funktionsverbgefüge im Gebrauch auf, die sich in der Anreicherung, Verdichtung, Perspektivierung, Gewichtung und Wiederaufnahme von Informationen im Text manifestieren."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
81634 | Rezension: Brommer, Sarah/Dürscheid, Christa (2021): Mensch. Maschine. Kommunikation. Beiträge zur Medienlinguistik. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto. 277 Seiten. € 58,00 ISBN: 978-3-8233-8471-7 DOI: http://doi.org/10.24053/9783823394716 | deu | doc-type:review | [
"Der inhaltlich umfassende Sammelband von Sarah Brommer und Christa Dürscheid bündelt vorrangig Forschungsarbeiten von Studierenden, die sich im Feld der Mensch-Mensch- und Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation in einer sich stetig technisch weiterentwickelten Welt verorten. Die Forschungsarbeiten, die im Rahmen des Seminars \"Mensch. Maschine. Vertrauen.\" an der Universität Zürich im Wintersemester 2019 entstanden sind, nehmen verschiedene Kommunikationssituationen und aktuelle Phänomene in den Blick, die bis dato noch als Forschungsdesiderate zu konstatieren sind: z. B. (A) Formen interpersonaler Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation in medialen Formaten wie WhatsApp oder Tinder, (B) Perspektiven auf Streitgespräche mit Robotern oder die Frage nach Vertrauen im Umgang mit Pflegerobotern, (C) Kommunikationssituationen mit Siri oder Smart Homes und (D) Biohacking als technische Entwicklung in Bezug auf das Einsetzen von u.a. Chips in den menschlichen Körper. Insgesamt beinhaltet der Band zwölf Beiträge, die sich überwiegend zunächst aus linguistischer Perspektive den Forschungsgegenständen nähern und diese dann weiterführend in ethische Fragen und gesellschaftspolitische Zusammenhänge einbetten."
] | ddc:400 | [
"ddc:410"
] |
81750 | Torna, torna, *soro! Der rumänische Vokativ im Balkansprachbund | deu | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"In diesem Werk überprüft der Autor verschiedene ältere Hypothesen zur Entstehung der rumänischen Vokativformen im Kontext des Balkansprachbunds, und entwirft neue Hypothesen im Rahmen von Sprachkontaktmodellen.",
"In this study, various hypotheses on the origin of Romanian vocative forms in the context of the Balkan linguistic union are re-examined, and new ones are developed within the theoretical framework of language contact."
] | ddc:410 | [
"ddc:450"
] |
81874 | Thomas Bowrey (1701) 17th century description of Malay | eng | doc-type:doctoralThesis | [
"Thomas Bowrey, who was an employee of the British colonial government, visited the Malay-speaking region at the end of the 17th century and published a dictionary of Malay (1701) which consists of 12,683 headwords. It is one of the oldest and largest collections of data on this language, which was the first language of the people he came into contact with while travelling through the Malay Peninsula, spending most of his time in harbours along its west coast. Malay, which was spoken in the various trading centres of this area (e.g. Penang, Malacca), had long previously begun to develop into a form of lingua franca during Bowrey’s stay there due to the fact that traders, especially those from Arabic countries (beginning in the 12th century), China (from the 15th century onwards), Portugal (since 1511), the Netherlands (since 1641), and less so from England, came into contact with Malays speaking their local dialects in the various trading posts in Malaya and probably began to become acquainted with the trade-language variant. Thus, Bowrey must have observed and recorded elements of both.\r\nThe data he collected is not limited to Malay variants spoken in coastal areas, but includes material from dialects which he encountered during his travels throughout the Malay Peninsula, though without, however, describing the locations in which he took notes on the lexicon and clauses. Not all of his material was written into manuscript form during his stay in Southeast Asia. A large part of his notes taken in situ were prepared for publication during his long journey home. His notes, which were used to print his dictionary, are in part kept in British libraries. Most of the material accessible to the public was studied during the preparation of this thesis.\r\nEarlier works on this dictionary are quite limited in scope. They deal with very specific aspects such as the meanings of headwords found between the letters A and C (Rahim Aman, 1997 & 1998), and the work of Nor Azizah, who deals with the lexical change found in Bowrey’s dictionary between D and F, and syntactic and sociolinguistic aspects (Mashudi Kader, 2009), and collective nouns by Tarmizi Hasrah (2010). This study will discuss Bowrey’s dictionary as a whole in order to describe its contribution to our knowledge of linguistic and non-linguistic facts in 17th century Malaya. Besides analysing Malay synchronically, this thesis also deals with historical-comparative questions and asks whether Bowrey contributes to our knowledge of the changes to the Malay language between the 17th and 21st centuries.\r\nIn order to answer the research questions, this study not only relies on the dictionary in its entirety, but also on the notes found in British libraries as well as other material on early Malay, such as the Pigafetta list (1523), Houtman (1598–1603), and the Wilkinson dictionary (1901) as a complement to Bowrey’s dictionary; at the same time, the Malay Concordance Project (online), the SEAlang Project (online), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (online), and Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (2007) will represent modern Malay. It should be borne in mind that in contrast to the Thomas Bowrey dictionary (TBD), Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (KDE4) does not hold information on colloquial forms of Malay, many of which reflect features of lingua franca Malay. This study is divided into two different branches, namely the consideration of synchronic aspects and historical comparative aspects.\r\nFinally, this study concludes that the Malay language in Thomas Bowrey’s dictionary is heavily influenced by both external and internal factors prevalent to the 17th century. The Malay language recorded in the Thomas Bowrey dictionary is very similar to modern Malay. The similarities between the Malay language of the 17th century and the Malay language of today are considerable, even though there are, of course, still some notable variances."
] | ddc:490 | [] |
82329 | A perceptual study of language chunking in Estonian | eng | doc-type:article | [
"Two studies investigate the production and perception of speech chunks in Estonian. A corpus study examines to what degree the boundaries of syntactic constituents and frequent collocations influence the distribution of prosodic information in spontaneously spoken utterances. A perception experiment tests to what degree prosodic information, constituent structure, and collocation frequencies interact in the perception of speech chunks. Two groups of native Estonian speakers rated spontaneously spoken utterances for the presence of disjunctures, whilst listening to these utterances (N = 47) or reading them (N = 40). The results of the corpus study reveal a rather weak correspondence between the distribution of prosodic information and boundaries of the syntactic constituents and collocations. The results of the perception experiments demonstrate a strong influence of clause boundaries on the perception of prosodic discontinuities as prosodic breaks. Thus, the results indicate that there is no direct relationship between the semantico-syntactic characteristics of utterances and the distribution of prosodic information. The percept of a prosodic break relies on the rapid recognition of constituent structure, i.e. structural information."
] | ddc:490 | [] |
881 | "Wir sind Papst!" : Die katholische Kirche in den Medien ; sprachliche Merkmale gegenwärtiger Berichterstattung | deu | doc-type:Other | [
"„Habemus Papam!“ – so schließt Text A und bringt die für Deutschland sensationelle Nachricht, daß ein Deutscher zum Papst gewählt wurde noch einmal mit der entsprechenden rituellen Formel zum Ausdruck. Daß diese Feststellung nicht nur sachlicher Ausdruck für die Tatsache eines Pontifikatswechsel ist, sondern vielmehr einen kirchengeschichtlichen Vorgang mit besonderer Relevanz für die katholische Kirche in Deutschland beschreibt, zeigt sich exemplarisch an den hier analysierten Pressetexten. Während die Texte aus kirchlichen und kirchennahen Medien vor allem dadurch auffallen, daß sie ein gestärktes katholische Selbstbewußtsein ausdrücken, springt bei den Beispielen aus weltlichen Medien hauptsächlich eine neue Offenheit im Umgang mit der katholischen Kirche und ihrer Lehre ins Auge. Die Artikel beider Bereiche betonen auf ihre Weise die emotionalen Aspekte des kirchlichen Lebens. Gleichzeitig thematisieren sie mehr oder weniger intensiv Grundfragen des katholischen bzw. christlichen Glaubens und sind so Beleg dafür, daß sich die Situation der katholischen Kirche in Deutschland durch die Wahl Joseph Ratzingers zum Papst maßgeblich verändert hat. Auch wenn der Umgang der Medien mit der alten „Institution Kirche“ zwischen extrem hoher medialer Aufmerksamkeit im Zusammenhang mit Papst Benedikt XVI. und völliger Mißachtung sonstiger kirchlicher Vorgänge und Themen schwankt, markieren die vorgestellten Texte einen Trend, der zwar nicht auf breiter Front, noch durchgängig zum Tragen kommt, dennoch aber vorhanden ist und neue Berührungspunkte zwischen katholischer Kirche und Medien eröffnet. Dieser Prozeß erscheint eingebettet in die gewachsene Relevanz von Religion und Glaube, so unbestimmt und diffus auch beide in der deutschen Gesellschaft vorhanden sein mögen. Der Pontifikatswechsel hat dazu geführt, daß seit 2005 auch vermehrt katholische bzw. christliche Themen im öffentlichen Diskurs über Religion, Glaube und Spiritualität Beachtung finden und sich stärker gegenüber anderen religiösen und esoterischen Angeboten profilieren können. Anzeichen dafür finden sich mit Blick auf die Medien vor allem auf dem deutschen Buchmarkt. Aber auch die Kirche selbst erfährt Aufwind und scheint trotz weiterhin bestehender Probleme und Schwierigkeiten in einigen Bereichen wieder fester Tritt zu fassen. Papst Benedikt XVI. ist sicher nicht alleiniger Auslöser dieser Entwicklung, seine Wahl und sein Wirken hatten und haben aber offensichtlich katalytische Wirkung und begünstigen einige Ansätze positiv. ..."
] | ddc:430 | [] |
945 | Intention - Bedeutung - Kommunikation : kognitive und handlungstheoretische Grundlagen der Sprachtheorie | deu | doc-type:book | [
"Die Sprachtheorie steht heute vor neuen Herausforderungen. Sie zeichnet sich durch die schnelle Dynamik ihrer Entwicklung und die Öffnung gegenüber anderen Wissenschaften und Forschungsbe-reichen aus. Ergebnisse der Sprachtheorie sind für die Philosophie, die Linguistik und die Sozialwissenschaften, aber auch für die Kommunikationswissenschaften von Bedeutung. Die in diesem Band versammelten Beiträge konzentrieren sich auf folgende Schwerpunkte der Sprachtheorie: intentionale Bedeutung, Sprecherbedeutung und Sprachbedeutung, Intentionalität, Kommu-nikation und kommunikative Intentionen, die Fortbildung und Kri-tik der von Grice entwickelten Bedeutungstheorie (Bedeutungsnominalismus) sowie ihre Anwendung auf die sogenannte Theorie der sprachlichen Kraft (illokutive Kraft), einen Neuanfang der Klas-sifikation von Sprechakten, Analyse der Gültigkeitsunterstellungen der Interpretation, Ergebnisse der Dialogforschung und Modelle der Argumentationstheorie. Inhalt Einleitung: Zu kognitiven und handlungstheoretischen Grundlagen der Sprachtheorie 7 Gerhard Preyer, Maria Ulkan, Alexander Ulfig I Intentionen und kommunikative Handlungen Maria Ulkan Kommunikative und illokutionäre Akte 22 Georg Meggle/Maria Ulkan Grices Doppelfehler. Ein Nachtrag zum Griceschen Grundmodell 43 Jan Nuyts Intentionalität und Sprachfunktionen 51 II Interpretation und Bedeutung Gerhard Preyer Kognitive Semantik 74 Anhang: Sprechaktsemantik: J.L. Austin, J.R. Searle, H.P. Grice, P.F. Strawson 113 Louise Röska-Hardy Sprechen, Sprache, Handeln 139 Frank Siebelt Zweierlei Holismus. Überlegungen zur Interpretationstheorie Donald Davidsons 159 Peter Rothermel Semantische Implikaturen 173 Volkmar Taube Referenz und Interpretation. Zur Theorie nichtsprachlicher Symbolisierung 187 Georg Peter Zu Richtigkeit und Interpretation der Metapher: Kognitive Funktion und rekonstruktive Schemainterpretation 195 III Klassifikation von Sprechakten Maria Ulkan Informations- und Aufforderungshandlungen 218 Dirk Hartmann Konstruktive Sprechakttheorie 228 Volkmar Taube Bildliche Sprechakte 247 IV Kommunikatives Handeln und intersubjektive Gültigkeit Jürgen Habermas Sprechakttheoretische Erläuterungen zum Begriff der kommunikativen Rationalität 258 Karl-Otto Apel Illokutionäre Bedeutung und normative Gültigkeit. Die transzendentalpragmatische Begründung der uneingeschränkten kommunikativen Verständigung 288 Peter-Paul König Kommunikatives und strategisches Handeln. Kritische Bemerkungen zu zwei zentralen Begriffen der \"Theorie kommunikativen Handelns\" von Jürgen Habermas 304 Alexander Ulfig Präsuppositionen und Hintergrundwissen. Eine Kritik am formalpragmatischen Präsuppositionsbegriff 321 V Dialogstruktur und Argumentation Wilhelm Franke Konzepte linguistischer Dialogforschung 346 Franz Hundsnurscher Streitspezifische Sprechakte: Vorwerfen, Insistieren, Beschimpfen 363 Dieter Mans Argumentation im Kontext Exkurs: Zu Christoph Lumers \"Praktische Argumentationstheorie\" 376"
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sprachtheorie",
"Kognitive Psychologie",
"Handlungstheorie",
"CD-ROM"
] |
9603 | Toward a uniform account of scrambling and clitic doubling | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"A commonly held view in the literature on Scrambling and Clitic Doubling is that both constructions are sensitive to Specificity. For this reason Sportiche (1992) proposes to unify the two, an approach which has become quite standard in the relevant literature ever since. However, the claim that clitic doubling is the counterpart of Germanic scrambling has never been substantiated. In this paper we present extensive evidence from Greek that Clitic Doubling has common formal properties with Germanic Scrambling/Object Shift. Our evidence consists mainly of binding facts observed when doubling takes place, which seem, at first sight, to be completely unexpected. On closer inspection, however, it turns out that these facts are strongly reminiscent of the effects showing up in Germanic scrambling. We propose that these properties can be derived under a theory of clitic constructions along the lines of Sportiche (1992) implemented into the framework of Chomsky (1995). Finally we suggest the that the crosslinguistic distribution of Scrambling as opposed to Clitic Doubling should be linked to a parameter relating to properties of Agr: Move/Merge XP vs. Move/Merge X° to Agr. We show that this parameter unifies the behaviour of subjects and objects within a language and across languages. The paper is organised as follows. In section 2 we present evidence from binding, interpretational and prosodic effects that doubling and scrambling display very similar properties. In section 3 we present Sportiches account and point out some problems for it. In section 4 we present our proposal."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Vergleich",
"Scrambling",
"Neugriechisch",
"Deutsch",
"Spezifität"
] |
9607 | On the distribution of adjectives in Romanian : the cel construction | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper deals with the variable position of adjectives in the Romanian DP. As all other Romance languages, Romanian allows for adjectives to appear in both prenominal and post-nominal position. In addition, however, Romanian has a third pattern: the so-called cel construction, in which the adjective in the post-nominal position is preceded by a determiner-like element, cel. This pattern is superficially similar to Determiner Spreading in Greek. In this paper we contrast the cel construction to Greek DS and discuss the similarities and differences between the two. We then present an analysis of cel as involving an appositive specification clause, building on de Vries (2002). We argue that the same structure is also involved in the context of nominal ellipsis, the second environment in which cel is found."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Adjektiv",
"Rumänisch"
] |
9608 | The properties of anticausatives crosslinguistically | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The causative/anticausative alternation has been the topic of much typological and theoretical discussion in the linguistic literature. This alternation is characterized by verbs with transitive and intransitive uses, such that the transitive use of a verb V means roughly \"cause to Vintransitive\" (see Levin 1993). The discussion revolves around two issues: the first one concerns the similarities and differences between the anticausative and the passive, and the second one concerns the derivational relationship, if any, between the transitive and intransitive variant. With respect to the second issue, a number of approaches have been developed. Judging the approach conceptually unsatisfactory, according to which each variant is assigned an independent lexical entry, it was concluded that the two variants have to be derivationally related. The question then is which one of the two is basic and where this derivation takes place in the grammar. Our contribution to this discussion is to argue against derivational approaches to the causative / anticausative alternation. We focus on the distribution of PPs related to external arguments (agent, causer, instrument, causing event) in passives and anticausatives of English, German and Greek and the set of verbs undergoing the causative/anticausative alternation in these languages. We argue that the crosslinguistic differences in these two domains provide evidence against both causativization and detransitivization analyses of the causative / anticausative alternation. We offer an approach to this alternation which builds on a syntactic decomposition of change of state verbs into a Voice and a CAUS component. Crosslinguistic variation in passives and anticausatives depends on properties of Voice and its combinations with CAUS and various types of roots."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Deutsch",
"Englisch",
"Kausativ"
] |
9609 | On the role of syntactic locality in morphological processes : the case of (Greek) derived nominals | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The paper is structured as follows. In section 2, I briefly summarize the facts on English and Greek nominalizations. In section 3, I discuss English nominal derivation in some detail. In section 4, I turn to the question of licensing of AS in nominals. In section 5, I turn to the issue of the optionality of licensing of AS in the nominal system."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Nominalisierung",
"Griechisch"
] |
9610 | From hierarchies to features : person splits and direct-inverse alternations | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In the recent literature there is growing interest in the morpho-syntactic encoding of hierarchical effects. The paper investigates one domain where such effects are attested: ergative splits conditioned by person. This type of splits is then compared to hierarchical effects in direct-inverse alternations. On the basis of two case studies (Lummi instantiating an ergative split person language and Passamaquoddy an inverse language) we offer an account that makes no use of hierarchies as a primitive. We propose that the two language types differ as far as the location of person features is concerned. In inverse systems person features are located exclusively in T, while in ergative systems, they are located in T and a particular type of v. A consequence of our analysis is that Case checking in split and inverse systems is guided by the presence/absence of specific phi-features. This in turn provides evidence for a close connection between Case and phi-features, reminiscent of Chomsky’s (2000, 2001) Agree."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9611 | Agent, causer and instrument PPs in Greek : implications for verbal structure | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we investigate the distribution of PPs related to external arguments (agent, causer, instrument, causing event) in Greek. We argue that their distribution supports an analysis, according to which agentive/instrument and causer PPs are licensed by distinct functional heads, respectively. We argue against a conceivable alternative analysis, which links agentivity and causation to the prepositions themselves. We furthermore identify a particular type of Voice head in Greek anticausative realised by non-active Voice morphology."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Präposition"
] |
9612 | Structuring participles | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper we discuss three types of adjectival participles in Greek, ending in -tos and –menos, and provide a further argument for the view that finer distinctions are necessary in the domain of participles (Kratzer 2001, Embick 2004). We further compare Greek stative participles to their German (and English) counterparts. We propose that a number of semantic as well as syntactic differences shown by these derive from differences in their respective morpho-syntactic composition."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Morphologie",
"Partizip"
] |
9613 | PP licensing in nominalizations | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we compare the distribution of PPs introducing external arguments in nominalizations with PPs introducing external arguments in the verbal domain. We show that several mismatches exist between the behavior of PPs in nominalizations and PPs in the verbal domain. This leads us to suggest that while PPs in the verbal domain are licensed by functional structure alone, within the nominal domain, PPs can also be licensed via an interplay of the encyclopaedic meaning of the root involved and the properties of the preposition itself. This second mechanism kicks in in the absence of functional structure."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Nominalisierung",
"Präposition"
] |
9614 | Plural marking in argument supporting nominalizations | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper investigates the conditions under which Argument Supporting Nominalizations (ASNs) can receive plural marking. Under ASNs, we discuss deverbal nouns that express an event and preserve argument structure. In our discussion we consider ASNs in Romanian, English and German."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Nominalisierung",
"Deutsch",
"Rumänisch",
"Englisch"
] |
9615 | The subject-in-situ generalization revisited | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The goal of this paper is to re-examine the status of the condition in (1) proposed in Alexiadou and Anagnostopoulou (2001; henceforth A&A 2001), in view of recent developments in syntactic theory. (1) The subject-in-situ generalization (SSG) By Spell-Out, vP can contain only one argument with a structural Case feature. We argue that (1) is a more general condition than previously recognized, and that the domain of its application is parametrized. More specifically, based on a comparison between Indo-European (IE) and Khoisan languages, we argue that (1) supports an interpretation of the EPP as a general principle, and not as a property of T. Viewed this way, the SSG is a condition that forces dislocation of arguments as a consequence of a constraint on Case checking."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Khoisan"
] |
9617 | Class features as probes | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this article, we adress (i) the form and (ii) the function on inflection class features in minimalist grammar. The empirical evidence comes from noun inflection systems involving fusional markers in German, Greek, and Russian. As for (i), we argue (based on instances of transparadigmatic syncretism) that class features are not privative; rather, class information must be decomposed into more abstract, binary features. Concerning (ii), we propose that class features qualify as the very device that brings about fusional infection: They are uninterpretable in syntax and actas probes on stems, with matching inflection markers as goels, and thus trigger morphological Agree operations that merge stem and inflection marker before syntax is reached."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Französisch",
"Russisch",
"Flexion"
] |
9618 | Adjective Syntax and (the absence of) noun raising in the DP | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"The paper is structured as follows. Section 2.1 introduces the basic classes of adjectives that constitute the factual core of the paper. Section 2.2 summarizes in greater detail the X° and the XP movement approaches to word order variation within the DP. Section 3 briefly discusses problems for both approaches. Sections 4.1, 5.1, and 5.2 draw from Alexiadou (2001) and contain a discussion of Greek DS and its relevance for a re-analysis of the word order variation in the Romance DP. Section 4.2 introduces refinements to Alexiadou & Wilder (1998) and Alexiadou (2001). Section 5.3. discusses certain issues that arise from the analysis of postnominal adjectives in Romance as involving raising of XPs. Section 6 discusses phenomena found in other languages, which at first sight seem similar to DS. However, I show that double definiteness in e.g. Hebrew, Scandinavian or other Balkan languages constitutes a different type of phenomenon from Greek DS, thus making a distinction between determiners that introduce CPs (Greek) and those that are merely morphological/agreement markers (Hebrew, Scandinavian, Albanian)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Adjektiv",
"Griechisch",
"Hebräisch",
"Skandinavische Sprachen",
"Albanisch"
] |
9619 | Clitic-doubling and (non-)configurationality | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we investigate Greek, an optional clitic doubling language not subject to Kaynes generalization (Jaeggli 1982), and we argue that in this language, doubled DPs are in A-positions. We propose that Greek clitics are formal features that move, permitting DPs in argument positions. This leads to a typology according to which there are two types of clitic/agreement languages -configurational and nonconfigurational ones-, depending upon whether clitics are instantiations of formal features or not."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Romanische Sprachen",
"Mohawk",
"Bantu"
] |
9620 | Adjectival modification and multiple determiners | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The present paper deals with the distribution of the definite determiner and certain related aspects of adjectival modification in Greek DPs. As (1) shows, determiners in Greek DPs precede adjectives and adjectives precede nouns. All three categories overtly agree in gender, number and case."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Determinativ"
] |
9621 | A note on non-canonical passives : the case of the get-passive | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"In many languages, a passive-like meaning may be obtained through a noncanonical passive construction. The get passive (1b) in English, the se faire passive (2b) in French and the kriegen passive (3b) in German represent typical manifestations. This squib focuses on the behavior of the get-passive in English and discusses a number of restrictions associated with it as well as the status of get."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Passiv",
"Englisch",
"Deutsch",
"Französisch"
] |
9622 | Verbs, nouns and affixation | eng | doc-type:article | [
"What explains the rich patterns of deverbal nominalization? Why do some nouns have argument structure, while others do not? We seek a solution in which properties of deverbal nouns are composed from properties of verbs, properties of nouns, and properties of the morphemes that relate them. The theory of each plus the theory of howthey combine, should give the explanation. In exploring this, we investigate properties of two theories of nominalization. In one, the verb-like properties of deverbal nouns result from verbal syntactic structure (a “structural model”). See, for example, van Hout & Roeper 1998, Fu, Roeper and Borer 1993, 2001, to appear, Alexiadou 2001, to appear). According to the structural hypothesis, some nouns contain VPs and/or verbal functional layers. In the other theory, the verbal properties of deverbal nouns result from the event structure and argument structure of the DPs that they head. By “event structure” we mean a representation of the elements and structure of a linguistic event, not a representation of the world. We refer to this view as the “event model”. According to the event model hypothesis, all derived nouns are represented with the same syntactic structure, the difference lying in argument structure – which in turn is critically related to event structure, in the way sketched in Grimshaw (1990), Siloni (1997) among others. In pursuing these lines of analysis, and at least to some extent disentangling their properties, we reach the conclusion that, with respect to a core set of phenomena, the two theories are remarkably similar – specifically, they achieve success with the same problems, and must resort to the same stipulations to address the remaining issues that we discuss (although the stipulations are couched in different forms)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Nominalisierung",
"Affigierung"
] |
9623 | Instrument subjects are agents or causers | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"It has often been noticed that one syntactic argument position can be realized by elements which seem to realize different thematic roles. This is notably the case with the external argument position of verbs of change of state which licenses volitional agents, instruments or natural forces/causers, showing the generality and abstractness of the external argument relation. (1) a. John broke the window (Agent) b. The hammer broke the window (Instrument) c. The storm broke the window (Causer) In order to capture this generality, Van Valin & Wilkins (1996) and Ramchand (2003) among others have proposed that the thematic role of the external argument position is in fact underspecified. The relevant notion is that of an effector (in Van Valin & Wilkins) or of an abstract causer/initiator (in Ramchand). In this paper we argue against a total underspecification of the external argument relation. While we agree that (1b) does not instantiate an instrument theta role in subject position, we argue that a complete underspecification of the external theta-position is not feasible, but that two types of external theta roles have to be distinguished, Agents and Causers. Our arguments are based on languages where Agents and Causers show morpho-syntactic independence (section 2.1) and the behavior of instrument subjects in English, Dutch, German and Greek (section 2.2 and 3). We show that instrument subjects are either Agent or Causer like. In section (4) we give an analysis how arguments realizing these thematic notions are introduced into syntax."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Griechisch",
"Deutsch",
"Englisch",
"Niederländisch",
"Subjekt"
] |
9624 | Counterfactuals and the loss of BE in the history of English | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In the course of the ME period, HAVE began to encroach on territory previously held by BE. According to Rydén and Brorström (1987); Kytö (1997), this occurred especially in iterative and durational contexts, in the perfect infinitive and modal constructions. In Early Modern English (henceforth EModE), BE was increasingly restricted to the most common intransitives come and go, before disappearing entirely in the 18th and 19th centuries. This development raises a number of questions, both historical and theoretical. First, why did HAVE start spreading at the expense of BE in the first place? Second, why was the change conditioned by the factors mentioned by Rydén and Brorström (1987) and Kytö (1997)? Third, why did the change take on the order of 800 years to go to completion? Fourth, what implications does the change have for general theories of auxiliary selection? In this paper we’ll try to answer the first question by focusing on one the earliest clearly identifiable advance of HAVE onto BE territory – its first appearance with the verb come, which for a number of reasons is an ideal verb to focus on. First, come is by far the most common intransitive verb, so we get large enough numbers for statistical analysis. Second, clauses containing the past participle of come with a form of BE are unambiguous perfects: they cannot be passives, and they did not continue into modern English with a stative reading like he is gone. Third, and perhaps most importantly, come selected BE categorically in the early stages of English, so the first examples we find with HAVE are clear evidence for innovation. We will present evidence from a corpus study showing that the first spread of HAVE was due to a ban on auxiliary BE in certain types of counterfactual perfects, and will propose an account for that ban in terms of Iatridou’s (2000) Exclusion theory of counterfactuals."
] | ddc:420 | [
"Hilfsverb",
"Modus"
] |
9625 | Auxiliary selection and counterfactuality in the history of English and Germanic | eng | doc-type:bookPart | [
"The retreat of BE as perfect auxiliary in the history of English is examined. Corpus data are presented showing that the initial advance of HAVE was most closely connected to a restriction against BE in past counterfactuals. Other factors which have been reported to favor the spread of HAVE are either dependent on the counterfactual effect, or significantly weaker in comparison. It is argued that the effect can be traced to the semantics of the BE perfect, which denoted resultativity rather than anteriority proper. Related data from other older Germanic and Romance languages are presented, and finally implications for existing theories of auxiliary selection stemming from the findings presented are discussed."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Englisch",
"Deutsch",
"Hilfsverb"
] |
9630 | How do treebank annotation schemes influence parsing results? : or how not to compare apples and oranges | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In the last decade, the Penn treebank has become the standard data set for evaluating parsers. The fact that most parsers are solely evaluated on this specific data set leaves the question unanswered how much these results depend on the annotation scheme of the treebank. In this paper, we will investigate the influence which different decisions in the annotation schemes of treebanks have on parsing. The investigation uses the comparison of similar treebanks of German, NEGRA and TüBa-D/Z, which are subsequently modified to allow a comparison of the differences. The results show that deleted unary nodes and a flat phrase structure have a negative influence on parsing quality while a flat clause structure has a positive influence."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9740 | Uncovering the un-word : a study in lexical pragmatics | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper I seek to account for the productive word-formation process resulting in the current proliferation of un-nouns, the semi-legitimate offspring of Humpty Dumpty´s un-birthday present (1871) and 7-Up´s commercial incarnation as The Un-Cola (1968), a construction that can be linked to the more well-established categories of un-adjectives and un-verbs, whose formation constraints we will also examine. Drawing on a large corpus of novel un-nouns I have assembled in collaboration with Beth Levin presented in the Appendices to this paper, I will invoke Rosch´s prototype semantics and Aristotle´s notion of PRIVATIVE opposites, defined in terms of a marked exception to a general class property, to generalize across the different categories of un-words. It will be argued that a given un-noun refers either to an element just outside a given category with whose members it shares a salient function (e.g. un-cola) or to a peripheral member of a given category (an unhotel is a hotel but not a good exemplar of the class-not a HOTEL hotel)."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9829 | Perfects, resultatives and auxiliaries in early English | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper, we will argue for a novel analysis of the auxiliary alternation in Early English, its development and subsequent loss which has broader consequences for the way that auxiliary selection is looked at cross-linguistically. We will present evidence that the choice of auxiliaries accompanying past participles in Early English differed in several significant respects from that in the familiar modern European languages. Specifically, while the construction with have became a full-fledged perfect by some time in the ME period, that with be was actually a stative resultative, which it remained until it was lost. We will show that this accounts for some otherwise surprising restrictions on the distribution of BE in Early English and allows a better understanding of the spread of HAVE through late ME and EModE. Perhaps more importantly, the Early English facts also provide insight into the genesis of the kind of auxiliary selection found in German, Dutch and Italian. Our analysis of them furthermore suggests a promising strategy for explaining cross-linguistic variation in auxiliary selection in terms of variation in the syntactico-semantic structure of the perfect. In this introductory section, we will first provide some background on the historical situation we will be discussing, then we will lay out the main claims for which we will be arguing in the paper."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Hilfsverb",
"Perfekt",
"Mittelenglisch"
] |
9830 | Pieces of the be perfect in German and older English | eng | doc-type:conferenceObject | [
"This paper examines the development of periphrastic constructions involving auxiliary \"have\" and \"be\" with a past participle in the history of English, on the basis of parsed electronic corpora. It is argued that the two constructions represented distinct syntactic and semantic structures: while the one with have developed into a true perfect in the course of Middle English, the one with be remained a stative resultative throughout its history. In this way, it is explained why the be construction was rarely or never used in a number of contexts, including past counterfactuals, iteratives, duratives, certain kinds of infinitives and various other utterance types that cannot be characterized as perfects of result. When the construction with have became a true perfect, it was used in such contexts, regardless of the identity of the main verb, leading to the appearance of have with verbs like come which had previously only taken be. Crucially, however, have was not spreading at the expense of be, as the be perfect had never been used in such contexts, but rather at the expense of the old simple past. At least until the end of the Early Modern English period, the shift in the relative frequency of have and be perfects is to be explained in terms of the expansion of the former into new contexts, while the latter remained stable. A formal analysis is proposed, taking as its starting point a comparison with German which shows that the older English be perfect indeed behaves more like the German stative passive than its haben and sein perfects."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Hilfsverb",
"Perfekt",
"Mittelenglisch",
"Frühneuenglisch",
"Deutsch"
] |
9836 | Brain electric fields, belief in the paranormal, and reading of emotion words | eng | doc-type:book | [
"The present work reports two experiments on brain electric correlates of cognitive and emotional functions. (1) Studying paranormal belief, 35-channel resting EEG (10 believers and 13 skeptics) was analyzed with \"Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography\" (LORETA) in seven frequency bands. LORETA gravity centers of all bands shifted to the left in believers vs. sceptics, and showed that believers had stronger left fronto-temporo-parietal activity than skeptics. Self-rating of affective attitude showed believers to be less negative than skeptics. The observed EEG lateralization agreed with the ‘valence hypothesis’ that posits predominant left hemispheric processing for positive emotions. (2) Studying emotions, positive and negative emotion words were presented to 21 subjects while \"Event-Related Potentials\" (ERPs) were recorded. During word presentation (450 ms), 13 microstates (steps of information processing) were identified. Three microstates showed different potential maps for positive vs. negative words; LORETA functional imaging showed stronger activity in microstate #4 (106-122 ms) for positive words right anterior, for negative words left central; in #6 (138-166 ms) for positive words left anterior, for negative words left posterior; in #7 (166-198 ms), for positive words right anterior, for negative words right central. In conclusion: during word processing, the extraction of emotion content starts as early as 106 ms after stimulus onset; the brain identifies emotion content repeatedly in three separate, brief microstate epochs; and, this processing of emotion content in the three microstates involves different brain mechanisms to represent the distinction positive vs. negative valence.",
"Die Arbeit umfasst zwei Experimente zu hirnelektrischen Korrelaten kognitiver und emotionaler Funktionen. (1) Glauben an paranormale Phänomene: 35-Kanal Ruhe-EEG (10 Gläubige, 13 Skeptiker) wurde mit \"Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography\" (LORETA) analysiert (7 EEG-Frequenzbänder). LORETA zeigte Links-Verschiebung der Schwerpunkte aller Bänder bei Gläubigen durch erhöhte Aktivität links fronto-temporo-parietal. Die Affektive Haltung war im Selbst-Rating bei Gläubigen weniger negativ als bei Skeptikern. Die EEG-Lateralisierung passt zur Valenz-Hypothese emotionaler Verarbeitung, die vorwiegend linkshemisphärische Aktivität bei positiver Emotion postuliert. (2) Zur Emotions-Verarbeitung wurden 21 Versuchspersonen emotional positive und negative Wörter gezeigt und dabei \"Event-Related Potentials\" (ERPs) registriert. 13 Mikrozustände (Informations-Verarbeitungsschritte) wurden während der Darbietungszeit (450 ms) identifiziert. In 3 Mikrozuständen unterschieden sich die topographischen ERP-Karten für positive und negative Wörter. LORETA zeigte erhöhte Aktivität im Mikrozustand #4 (106-122 ms) für positive Wörter rechts anterior, für negative links zentral; im Mikrozustand #6 (138-166 ms) für positive Wörter links anterior, für negative links posterior; im Mikrozustand #7 (166-198 ms) für positive Wörter rechts anterior, für negative rechts zentral. Zusammenfassend: die Extraktion emotionalen Gehalts beginnt bereits 106 ms nach Stimulusbeginn, umfasst repetitiv drei separate, kurze Verarbeitungsschritte, und erfolgt in diesen Schritten auf unterschiedliche Art, d.h. benutzt unterschiedliche Hirnmechanismen zur Inkorporation der Unterscheidung positiv-negativ."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Hirnfunktion",
"Psiphänomen"
] |
9837 | Linguosomatische Sprachdidaktik : Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlegung | deu | doc-type:report | [
"Die Theorie des sprachlichen Lernens und Lehrens ist bis in die siebziger Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts hinein eine \"Meisterlehre\" (Müller-Michaels 1980) gewesen. Große Vorbilder eines Volkes (z.B. Mose), Leiter philosophischer Schulen (z.B. Platon) oder Äbte von Klöstern (z.B. Augustinus) und schließlich staatlich geprüfte Oberstudiendirektoren (z.B. Ulshöfer) beschrieben den jüngeren Kollegen, was sich beim Lehren der Sprache über Jahrzehnte bewährt habe: wie man am besten den Sprachunterricht erteile (Müller 1922, Seidemann 1973, Ulshöfer 1968, Essen 1968). Mit der Etablierung der Sprachdidaktiken an den Universitäten ist das Konzept der \"norm-setzenden Handlungswissenschaften\" Müller-Michaels 1980, Ivo 1975) entwickelt worden. Der Forscher (nicht mehr als Meister der Praxis ausgewiesen) untersucht die Prozesse des sprachlichen Lehrens und Lernens, indem er im \"Feld\" des Praktikers Erhebungen anstellt, um anschließend die erhobenen Daten einer Hypothesenprüfung zu unterziehen. Als Handlungsfeld wird besonders die Schule berücksichtigt. Die Methoden der Forschung sind vorwiegend \"quasi-experimentell\". In der Nachfolge der Sprachtheorie Chomsky´s (Chomsky 1965) sind die experimentellen Ansätze zur Untersuchung des Spracherwerbs, der Spracherwerbsstörung und der betreffenden Interventionen entwickelt worden (de Villiers/ de Villiers 1970, Hörmann 1978). Ort der Untersuchung ist das Labor. Das Design dieser Sprachdidaktik (bzw. Psycholinguistik, Kognitionswissenschaften etc.) ist experimentell (z.B. Herrmann 2004). Alle drei Konzepte stehen sich in vielerlei Hinsicht antagonistisch gegenüber. Sie auseinander zu halten - und andererseits mit Gewinn aufeinander zu beziehen -, gehört zu den Basis-Fähigkeiten der linguosomatischen Berufe und ihrer zugrundeliegenden Theorie (Beispiel Sprachlehrberufe, Phoniatrie, Sprachheil-Sonderpädagogik, psychosomatische Sprachtherapien). Daher sind die signifikanten Gegensätze der drei Konzepte herauszuarbeiten und ihre widerstrebenden Konsequenzen aufeinander zu beziehen."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Sprachunterricht"
] |
9838 | A declarative characterization of different types of multicomponent tree adjoining grammars | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. This way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees (in the underlying TAG) the MCTAG licences. This definition gives a better understanding of the formalism, it allows a more systematic comparison of different types of MCTAG, and, furthermore, it can be exploited for parsing."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Syntaktische Analyse",
"Datenstruktur",
"Computerlinguistik",
"Kongress",
"Tübingen <2007>"
] |
9839 | A descriptive characterization of multicomponent tree adjoining grammars | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars (MCTAG) is a formalism that has been shown to be useful for many natural language applications. The definition of MCTAG however is problematic since it refers to the process of the derivation itself: a simultaneity constraint must be respected concerning the way the members of the elementary tree sets are added. Looking only at the result of a derivation (i.e., the derived tree and the derivation tree), this simultaneity is no longer visible and therefore cannot be checked. I.e., this way of characterizing MCTAG does not allow to abstract away from the concrete order of derivation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an alternative definition of MCTAG that characterizes the trees in the tree language of an MCTAG via the properties of the derivation trees the MCTAG licences.",
"Il a été montré que les Grammaires dArbres Adjoints Ensemblistes (Multicomponent Tree Adjoining Grammars, MCTAG) sont très utiles pour des applications TAL. Pourtant, la définition des MCTAG est problématique parce quelle fait référence au procès de dérivation même : une contrainte de simultanéité est imposée concernant la façon dont on ajoute les membres dun même ensemble darbres. En regardant uniquement le résultat d’une dérivation, cest-à-dire larbre dérivé et larbre de dérivation, cette simultanéité nest plus visible. Par conséquent pour vérifier la contrainte de simultanéité, il faut toujours considérer lordre concret des pas de la dérivation. Afin déviter cela, nous proposons une caractérisation alternative de MCTAG qui permet une abstraction de lordre de dérivation : Les arbres générés par la grammaire sont caractérisés par les propriétés de leurs arbres de dérivation."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Grammatik"
] |
9840 | TuLiPA : a syntax-semantics parsing environment for mildly context-sensitive formalisms | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we present a parsing architecture that allows processing of different mildly context-sensitive formalisms, in particular Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TAG), Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammar with Tree Tuples (TT-MCTAG) and simple Range Concatenation Grammar (RCG). Furthermore, for tree-based grammars, the parser computes not only syntactic analyses but also the corresponding semantic representations."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Grammatik"
] |
9841 | Comparing lexicalized grammar formalisms in an empirically adequate way : the notion of generative attachment capacity | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"The work presented here addresses the question of how to determine whether a grammar formalism is powerful enough to describe natural languages. The expressive power of a formalism can be characterized in terms of i) the string languages it generates (weak generative capacity (WGC)) or ii) the tree languages it generates (strong generative capacity (SGC)). The notion of WGC is not enough to determine whether a formalism is adequate for natural languages. We argue that even SGC is problematic since the sets of trees a grammar formalism for natural languages should be able to generate is difficult to determine. The concrete syntactic structures assumed for natural languages depend very much on theoretical stipulations and empirical evidence for syntactic structures is rather hard to obtain. Therefore, for lexicalized formalisms, we propose to consider the ability to generate certain strings together with specific predicate argument dependencies as a criterion for adequacy for natural languages."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Grammatiktheorie"
] |
9842 | Constraint-based computational semantics : a comparison between LTAG and LRS | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper compares two approaches to computational semantics, namely semantic unification in Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (LTAG) and Lexical Resource Semantics (LRS) in HPSG. There are striking similarities between the frameworks that make them comparable in many respects. We will exemplify the differences and similarities by looking at several phenomena. We will show, first of all, that many intuitions about the mechanisms of semantic computations can be implemented in similar ways in both frameworks. Secondly, we will identify some aspects in which the frameworks intrinsically differ due to more general differences between the approaches to formal grammar adopted by LTAG and HPSG."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9843 | Convertir des grammaires darbres adjoints à composantes multiples avec tuples d’arbres (TT-MCTAG) en grammaires à concaténation d’intervalles (RCG) | fra | doc-type:preprint | [
"Cet article étudie la relation entre les grammaires darbres adjoints à composantes multiples avec tuples darbres (TT-MCTAG), un formalisme utilisé en linguistique informatique, et les grammaires à concaténation dintervalles (RCG). Les RCGs sont connues pour décrire exactement la classe PTIME, il a en outre été démontré que les RCGs « simples » sont même équivalentes aux systèmes de réécriture hors-contextes linéaires (LCFRS), en dautres termes, elles sont légèrement sensibles au contexte. TT-MCTAG a été proposé pour modéliser les langages à ordre des mots libre. En général ces langages sont NP-complets. Dans cet article, nous définissons une contrainte additionnelle sur les dérivations autorisées par le formalisme TT-MCTAG. Nous montrons ensuite comment cette forme restreinte de TT-MCTAG peut être convertie en une RCG simple équivalente. Le résultat est intéressant pour des raisons théoriques (puisqu’il montre que la forme restreinte de TT-MCTAG est légèrement sensible au contexte), mais également pour des raisons pratiques (la transformation proposée ici a été utilisée pour implanter un analyseur pour TT-MCTAG).",
"This paper investigates the relation between TT-MCTAG, a formalism used in computational linguistics, and RCG. RCGs are known to describe exactly the class PTIME ; \"simple\" RCG even have been shown to be equivalent to linear context-free rewriting systems, i.e., to be mildly context-sensitive. TT-MCTAG has been proposed to model free word order languages. In general, it is NP-complete. In this paper, we will put an additional limitation on the derivations licensed in TT-MCTAG. We show that TT-MCTAG with this additional limitation can be transformed into equivalent simple RCGs. This result is interesting for theoretical reasons (since it shows that TT-MCTAG in this limited form is mildly context-sensitive) and also for practical reasons (the proposed transformation has been used for implementing a parser for TT-MCTAG)."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9844 | Der TUSNELDA-Standard : ein Korpusannotierungsstandard zur Unterstützung linguistischer Forschung | deu | doc-type:preprint | [
"Die Verwendung von Standards für die Annotierung größerer Sammlungen elektronischer Texte (Korpora) ist eine Voraussetzung für eine mögliche Wiederverwendung dieser Korpora. Dieser Artikel stellt einen Korpusannotierungsstandard vor, der die Anforderungen der Untersuchung unterschiedlichster linguistischer Phänomene berücksichtigt. Der Standard wurde im SFB 441 an der Universität Tübingen entwickelt. Er geht von bestehenden Standards, insbesondere CES und TEI, aus, die sich als teilweise zu ausführlich und zu wenig restriktiv,teilweise auch als nicht ausdrucksstark genug erweisen, um den Bedürfnissen korpusbasierter linguistischer Forschung gerecht zu werden."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9845 | Developing a TT-MCTAG for German with an RCG-based parser | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"Developing linguistic resources, in particular grammars, is known to be a complex task in itself, because of (amongst others) redundancy and consistency issues. Furthermore some languages can reveal themselves hard to describe because of specific characteristics, e.g. the free word order in German. In this context, we present (i) a framework allowing to describe tree-based grammars, and (ii) an actual fragment of a core multicomponent tree-adjoining grammar with tree tuples (TT-MCTAG) for German developed using this framework. This framework combines a metagrammar compiler and a parser based on range concatenation grammar (RCG) to respectively check the consistency and the correction of the grammar. The German grammar being developed within this framework already deals with a wide range of scrambling and extraction phenomena."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Syntaktische Analyse"
] |
9846 | XMG : eXtending MetaGrammars to MCTAG | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper, we introduce an extension of the XMG system (eXtensibleMeta-Grammar) in order to allow for the description of Multi-Component Tree Adjoining Grammars. In particular, we introduce the XMG formalism and its implementation, and show how the latter makes it possible to extend the system relatively easily to different target formalisms, thus opening the way towards multi-formalism.",
"Dans cet article, nous présentons une extension du système XMG (eXtensible MetaGrammar) afin de permettre la description de grammaires darbres adjoints à composantes multiples. Nous présentons en particulier le formalisme XMG et son implantation et montrons comment celle-ci permet relativement aisément détendre le système à différents formalismes grammaticaux cibles, ouvrant ainsi la voie au multi-formalisme."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Syntaktische Analyse"
] |
9847 | Factoring Predicate Argument and Scope Semantics : underspecified Semantics with LTAG | eng | doc-type:article | [
"In this paper we propose a compositional semantics for lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (LTAG). Tree-local multicomponent derivations allow separation of the semantic contribution of a lexical item into one component contributing to the predicate argument structure and a second component contributing to scope semantics. Based on this idea a syntax-semantics interface is presented where the compositional semantics depends only on the derivation structure. It is shown that the derivation structure (and indirectly the locality of derivations) allows an appropriate amount of underspecification. This is illustrated by investigating underspecified representations for quantifier scope ambiguities and related phenomena such as adjunct scope and island constraints."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Semantik"
] |
9848 | Factorizing complementation in a TT-MCTAG for German | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"TT-MCTAG lets one abstract away from the relative order of co-complements in the final derived tree, which is more appropriate than classic TAG when dealing with flexible word order in German. In this paper, we present the analyses for sentential complements, i.e., wh-extraction, thatcomplementation and bridging, and we work out the crucial differences between these and respective accounts in XTAG (for English) and V-TAG (for German)."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Deutsch",
"Syntaktische Analyse"
] |
9849 | Feature logic-based semantic composition : a comparison between LRS and LTAG | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we will explore the similarities and differences between two feature logic-based approaches to the composition of semantic representations. The first approach is formulated for Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG, Joshi and Schabes 1997), the second is Lexical Ressource Semantics (LRS, Richter and Sailer 2004) and was first defined in Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. The two frameworks have several common characteristics that make them easy to compare: 1 They use languages of two sorted type theory for semantic representations. 2. They allow underspecification. LTAG uses scope constraints while LRS provides component-of contraints. 3 They use feature logics for computing semantic representations. 4. they are designed for computational applications. By comparing the two frameworks we will also point outsome characteristics and advantages of feature logic-based semantic computation in genereal."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9851 | Licensing german negative polarity items in LTAG | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"Our paper aims at capturing the distribution of negative polarity items (NPIs) within lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG). The condition under which an NPI can occur in a sentence is for it to be in the scope of a negation with no quantifiers scopally intervening. We model this restriction within a recent framework for LTAG semantics based on semantic unification. The proposed analysis provides features that signal the presence of a negation in the semantics and that specify its scope. We extend our analysis to modelling the interaction of NPI licensing and neg raising constructions."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
9852 | LTAG analysis for pied-piping and stranding of wh-phrases | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"In this paper we propose a syntactic and semantic analysis of complex questions. We consider questions involving pied piping and stranding and we propose elementary trees and semantic representations that allow to account for both constructions in a uniform way."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Semantik",
"Syntax",
"Frage"
] |
9853 | LTAG semantics for questions | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This papers presents a compositional semantic analysis of interrogatives clauses in LTAG (Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar) that captures the scopal properties of wh- and nonwh-quantificational elements. It is shown that the present approach derives the correct semantics for examples claimed to be problematic for LTAG semantic approaches based on the derivation tree. The paper further provides an LTAG semantics for embedded interrogatives."
] | ddc:400 | [
"Semantik",
"Frage"
] |
9855 | LTAG semantics with semantic unification | eng | doc-type:preprint | [
"This paper sets up a framework for LTAG (Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar) semantics that brings together ideas from different recent approaches addressing some shortcomings of TAG semantics based on the derivation tree. Within this framework, several sample analyses are proposed, and it is shown that the framework allows to analyze data that have been claimed to be problematic for derivation tree based LTAG semantics approaches."
] | ddc:400 | [] |
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