Split (1)

train · 4.48k rows

doc_id stringlengths 1 5	doc_title stringlengths 2 371	doc_lang stringclasses 15 values	doc_type stringclasses 19 values	doc_desc_list listlengths 1 4	ddc stringclasses 71 values	doc_subject_list listlengths 0 52
11814	Von free-floatendem Kapital, Hardlinern und Instructions : linguistische Anmerkungen zur populären Anglizismenkritik	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Die Themen Sprachrichtigkeit und Sprachidentität haben in Deutschland seit einiger Zeit Hochkonjunktur. Der 'Sprachpfleger' Bastian Sick, in der massenmedialen Berichterstattung stereotyp als gleichermaßen \"kompetent\" wie \"lustig\" und \"gar nicht oberlehrerhaft\" angepriesen, verkauft seine Kolumnensammlungen ...	ddc:400	[ "Anglizismus", "Sprachkritik" ]
11817	Zur Systematisierung der Schwankungen zwischen starker und schwacher Adjektivflexion nach Pronominaladjektiven	deu	doc-type:report	[ "Schwankungen zwischen starker und schwacher Flexion werden mit unterschiedlichen Graden von Determinativhaftigkeit verschiedener Pronominaladjektive korreliert, bezogen auf eine universelle Dimension der IDENTIFIKATION (nach Seiler), sowie mit unterschiedlichen Graden der Ausgeprägtheit determinativischer (starker...	ddc:400	[]
11819	Zur lateinischen Nominalflexion : die Form-Funktions-Beziehung	deu	doc-type:report	[ "Das System der lateinischen Nominalflexion wird als Beispiel eines komplexen morphologischen Systems untersucht, das alle Symptome des ‚flektierenden Syndroms’ zeigt (homonyme, synonyme und kumulative Exponenten, Genuseinteilung, unterschiedlich strukturierte Deklinationskassen, defektive Paradigmen, usw.; Plank 1...	ddc:400	[ "Lateinisch" ]
11820	Zwischen Morphem und Paradigma : zur polnischen Substantivflexion	deu	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "In meinem Vortrag möchte ich Ihnen einige Überlegungen zu Fragen der vergleichenden Flexionsmorphologie vortragen und dabei wiederum speziell zur Kasusmarkierung an Substantiven. Ich werde mich dabei besonders auf das Polnische beziehen – eine Sprache, deren Kasusbildungen teils Charakteristika des fusionierenden ...	ddc:400	[]
11836	Don't interpret focus : why a presuppositional account of focus fails, and how a presuppositional account of givenness works	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This paper advances a purely presuppositional analysis of intonation. I first show that a inspiring recent article by Geurts and van der Sandt (Theoretical Linguistics, 2004) that pursues the same goal cannot account for multiple foci. Then, I show that if it is assumed that destressed rather than focussed materia...	ddc:400	[]
11837	Embedded evidentials in bulgarian	eng	doc-type:article	[ "We consider evidentials embedded in complement clauses with new data from Bulgarian. For Tibetan, Garrett has shown that embedded evidentials are always shifted to the perspective of the reported speech. In Bulgarian, we show that such a shift is almost never possible. This shows that Bulgarian evidentials should ...	ddc:400	[]
11838	Genitive quantifiers in Japanese as reverse partitives	eng	doc-type:report	[ "Quantificational determiners in Japanese can be marked with genitive case. Current analyses (for example by Watanabe, Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, to appear) treat the genetive case marker in these cases as semantically vacuous, but we show that it has semantic effects. We propose a new analysis as reve...	ddc:400	[]
11840	Hardt's surprising sloppy readings : a flat binding account	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The paper presents an additional argument for a specific account of semantic binding: the flat-binding analysis. The argument is based on observations concerning sloppy interpretations in verb phrase ellipsis when the binder is not the subject of the elided VP. In one such case, it is important that one of the bin...	ddc:400	[]
11842	Illusive wide scope of universal quantifiers	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "It is widely believed that existential quantifiers can bring about the semantic effects of a scope which is wider than their actual syntactic scope (See Fodor & Sag (1982), Cresti (1995), Kratzer (1995), Reinhart (1995) and Winter (1995), among many others.) On the other hand, it is assumed that the syntactic scop...	ddc:400	[]
11847	On embedded implicatures	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "The Gricean approach explains implicatures by assumptions about the pragmatics of entire utterances. The phenomenon of embedded implicatures remains a challenge for this approach since in such cases apparently implicatures contribute to the truth-conditional content of constituents smaller than utterances. In this...	ddc:400	[]
11848	On greek illusions: a semantic account of Alexopoulou’s generalization	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Alexopoulou (2008) argues that Greek provides new evidence for the concept of binding illusions that was hypothesized by Fox and Sauerland (1996). Of special interest from my perspective is Alexopoulou’s argument that binding illusions arise not only with existential and universal quantifiers, but also with negati...	ddc:400	[]
11849	On quantifier raising in German	deu	doc-type:report	[ "The status of quantifier raising in German and other languages where scope is fairly rigid is debated. The first part of this paper argues that quantifiers in German can undergo covert extraction out of coordinations, and therefore that quantifier raising is available in German. The second part argues that quantif...	ddc:400	[]
11851	No 'No' : on the crosslinguistic absence of a determiner 'No'	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This paper concerns the semantics of determiners. I point out that the currently dominant generalized quantifiers analysis of determiners has certain deficiencies. I then provide an alternative which seems offer some hope not suffer from the same deficiencies." ]	ddc:400	[]
11861	The meaning of chains	eng	doc-type:book	[ "This thesis investigates the mechanisms applying in the interpretation of syntactic chains. The theoretical background includes a translation of syntactic forms into semantic forms and a model theoretic explication of the meaning of semantic forms. Simplicity considerations apply to all three stages of the interpr...	ddc:400	[]
11867	Information structure	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The guidelines for Information Structure include instructions for the annotation of Information Status (or ‘givenness’), Topic, and Focus, building upon a basic syntactic annotation of nominal phrases and sentences. A procedure for the annotation of these features is proposed." ]	ddc:400	[]
11868	Introduction	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The annotation guidelines introduced in this chapter present an attempt to create a unique infrastructure for the encoding of data from very different languages. The ultimate target of these annotations is to allow for data retrieval for the study of information structure, and since information structure interacts...	ddc:400	[]
11869	Morphology	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The guidelines for morphological annotation contain the layers that are necessary for understanding the structure of the words in the object language: morphological segmentation, glossing, and annotation of part-of-speech." ]	ddc:400	[]
11870	Semantics	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The guidelines for semantics comprise a number of layers related to quantificational structures as well as some crucial semantic properties of NPs with respect to information structure: definiteness, countability, and animacy." ]	ddc:400	[]
11879	EVEN, ALSO and ONLY in Vietnamese	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The article analyzes the system of focus-sensitive particles and, to a lesser extent, clefts in Vietnamese. EVEN/ALSO/ONLY foci are discussed across syntactic categories, and Vietnamese is found to organize its system of focus-sensitive particles along three dimensions of classification: (i) EVEN vs. ALSO vs. ONLY...	ddc:400	[]
11882	No objections to backward control?	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "The aim of this paper is to address two main counterarguments raised in Landau (2007) against the movement analysis of Control, and especially against the phenomenon of Backward Control. The paper shows that unlike the situation described in Tsez (Polinsky & Potsdam 2002), Landau's objections do not hold for Greek...	ddc:400	[]
11883	Parsing coordinations	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "The present paper is concerned with statistical parsing of constituent structures in German. The paper presents four experiments that aim at improving parsing performance of coordinate structure: 1) reranking the n-best parses of a PCFG parser, 2) enriching the input to a PCFG parser by gold scopes for any conjunc...	ddc:400	[]
11884	Decorrelation and shallow semantic patterns for distributional clustering of nouns and verbs	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "Distributional approximations to lexical semantics are very useful not only in helping the creation of lexical semantic resources (Kilgariff et al., 2004; Snow et al., 2006), but also when directly applied in tasks that can benefit from large-coverage semantic knowledge such as coreference resolution (Poesio et al...	ddc:400	[]
11885	Transformationen linguistischen Wissens : Transdisziplinarität im Bereich der sprachwissenschaftlichen Gender Studies	deu	doc-type:preprint	[ "Linguistics as a scholarly field has included interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary methods for such a long time that it has acted as an interdisciplinary \"trading zone\" avant la lettre. Despite this there are very few systematic analyses of transdisciplinary work and very little discussions over the possibili...	ddc:400	[ "Geschlechterforschung" ]
11886	In support of long distance agree	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "In the recent literature the phenomenon of long distance agreement has become the focus of several studies as it seems to violate certain locality conditions which require that agreeing elements in general stand in clause-mate relationships. In particular, it involves a verb agreeing with a constituent which is lo...	ddc:400	[]
11888	Un algorithme d'analyse de type earley pour grammaires à concaténation d'intervalles	fra	doc-type:preprint	[ "Nous présentons ici différents algorithmes d’analyse pour grammaires à concaténation d’intervalles (Range Concatenation Grammar, RCG), dont un nouvel algorithme de type Earley, dans le paradigme de l’analyse déductive. Notre travail est motivé par l’intérêt porté récemment à ce type de grammaire, et comble un manq...	ddc:400	[]
11889	A testsuite for testing parser performance on complex German grammatical constructions [TePaCoC - a corpus for testing parser performance on complex German grammatical constructions]	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "Traditionally, parsers are evaluated against gold standard test data. This can cause problems if there is a mismatch between the data structures and representations used by the parser and the gold standard. A particular case in point is German, for which two treebanks (TiGer and TüBa-D/Z) are available with highly...	ddc:400	[]
11890	Vagueness and referential ambiguity in a large-scale annotated corpus	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "In this paper, we argue that difficulties in the definition of coreference itself contribute to lower inter-annotator agreement in certain cases. Data from a large referentially annotated corpus serves to corroborate this point, using a quantitative investigation to assess which effects or problems are likely to b...	ddc:400	[]
11946	Annabi Muusa Xibaare	mis	doc-type:book	[ "Selected scripture portions from the Torah which focus on the life of Moses, the deliverance of the Israelites from Egypt, their 40 years in the wilderness, and the Law of Moses." ]	ddc:490	[]
11947	Joppaye	mis	doc-type:book	[ "The entire book of Genesis, first of the 5 books of the Torah. Creation, the flood, and the stories of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and Joseph." ]	ddc:490	[]
11999	Prosody and scope in German inverse linking constructions	eng	doc-type:article	[ "In German, prosody interacts with quantifier scope. We investigate this interaction in inverse linking constructions. We present evidence from elicited production of linguistically naive speakers supporting the following two claims: 1) There are two kinds of inverse linking constructions of which only the preposit...	ddc:400	[]
12099	The language planning situation in Ireland	eng	doc-type:article	[ "Language planning for the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland has featured prominently in international language policy and planning literature over the years. Researchers in the field may not be up to date, however, with recent developments in the area of Irish language planning and their impact on the lang...	ddc:400	[]
12240	Phonological recoding and self-teaching : sine qua non of reading acquisition	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The self-teaching hypothesis proposes that phonological recoding functions as a self-teaching mechanism enabling the learner to independently acquire an autonomous orthographic lexicon. Successful decoding encounters with novel letter strings provide opportunities to learn word-specific print-to-meaning connection...	ddc:400	[]
12310	Sotho-Sprichwörter [: 1. Teil]	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Die nachfolgenden Sprichwörter sind von mir selbst unter den Bapedi gesammelt. Ich habe meine Kinderjahre unter diesem Volksstamm zugebracht und von frühester Jugend an als Missionarskind die Sprichwörter im Umgang mit meinen schwarzen Spielgefährten täglich gebraucht. Später habe ich als Lehrer über zwei Jahre ta...	ddc:490	[]
12358	Linguistische Anmerkungen zu einer populären Anglizismen-Kritik. Oder: Von der notwendig erfolglos bleibenden Suche nach dem treffenderen deutschen Ausdruck	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Betrachtet man im Rückblick, welche linguistischen Themen in der jüngeren Vergangenheit die Öffentlichkeit bewegt haben, dann fallen einem vor allem die Rechtschreibreform, die Bestrebungen der feministischen Linguistik, die Klage über den Verfall oder Niedergang der deutschen Sprache und in diesem Zusammenhang au...	ddc:430	[ "Anglizismus", "Sprachwandel", "Sprachpflege" ]
12359	Investigativer Lingualismus : eine Replik zur Replik von Hermann Zabel	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Als ich im Juli 2002 vor der Philosophischen Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf meinen Habilitationsvortrag über populäre Anglizismenkritik hielt, ahnte ich noch nicht, zu welchen Aufgeregtheiten ich damit bzw. mit der Veröffentlichung im Sprachreport (4/2002: 4-10) und im Internet (http://www.phil...	ddc:400	[ "Anglizismus", "Sprachkritik" ]
12399	Gibt es nichtmediale Kommunikation?	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Ziel des vorliegenden Aufsatzes ist es, zu einer neuerlichen Diskussion der Begriffe 'Medium' und 'Kommunikation' in der Linguistik beizutragen. Dabei versuche ich insbesondere, den philosophisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Diskurs, in welchem die Themen 'Medialität' und 'Perfonnanz' seit längerer Zeit intensiv disku...	ddc:400	[ "Kommunikationsforschung", "Medien" ]
12400	Language and mediality : on the medial status of "everyday language"	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The medium of (oral) language is mostly disregarded (or overlooked) in contemporary media theories. This \"ignoring of language\" in media studies is often accompanied by an inadequate transport model of communication, and it converges with an \"ignoring of mediality\" in mentalistic theories of language. In the p...	ddc:400	[ "Methodologie", "Sprachphilosophie" ]
12401	[On the normativity of language rules : is speaking a "rule-governed" activity?]	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Ausgangspunkt: Die Kritik am \"Zwei-Welten-Modell\": Die grundlegende linguistische Unterscheidung zwischen \"Sprache\" und \"Sprechen\" ist im Rahmen der neueren Debatten um Sprachmedialität wieder verstärkt thematisiert und kritisiert worden. Lässt sich dieses schulbildende, in der Linguistik geradezu eherne Beg...	ddc:400	[ "Grammatiktheorie", "Sprechakttheorie" ]
12402	Was ist ein sprachlicher Fehler? : Anmerkungen zu populärer Sprachkritik am Beispiel der Kolumnensammlung von Bastian Sick	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Woher kommt das neuerwachte Interesse an Sprachrichtigkeit? Woher kommt die ausgeprägte sprachliche Unsicherheit, die auch bei vielen hochgebildeten Menschen den Wunsch entstehen lässt, von Sprachpflegern über ihr Ureigenstes, nämlich ihre Muttersprache, belehrt zu werden? Obwohl Antworten auf diese Fragen letztli...	ddc:400	[ "Sprachkritik", "Sprachwandel", "Sprachpflege" ]
12403	Die Unhintergehbarkeit der 'normalen Sprache' : ein Beitrag zum Medienbegriff	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Nicht zuletzt durch die Entwicklung und Verbreitung der sogenannten Neuen Medien ist das Thema 'Medialität' im gesamten Bereich der Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften virulent geworden. Im Rahmen der aktuellen Diskurse um den Begriff des Mediums ist zu beobachten, daß dieser Ausdruck häufig unterschiedslos auf so v...	ddc:400	[ "Sprachphilosophie", "Medien" ]
12437	A mission for grammar writing : early approaches to Inuit (Eskimo) languages	eng	doc-type:workingPaper	[ "The Inuit inhabit a vast area of--from a European point of view--most inhospitable land, stretching from the northeastern tip of Asia to the east coast of Greenland. Inuit peoples have never been numerous, their settlements being scattered over enormous distances. But nevertheless, from an ethnological point of vi...	ddc:400	[ "Eskimo", "Inuit-Sprache" ]
12438	Arguments and information management in Inuktitut	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Research on a variety of structurally different languages suggests that information is assigned to grammatical form in way of preferred representations of arguments. These preferences can be captured by four interacting constraints which are based on the analysis of spoken and written discourse. These constraints ...	ddc:400	[ "Inuktitut" ]
12439	Is Inuktitut a morphological argument language?	eng	doc-type:report	[ "In the following I will discuss grammatical structures of Inuktitut, an Eskimo language spoken in the Canadian Eastern Arctic. Inuktitut is a polysynthetic language exhibiting an exceedingly elaborate verbal inflectional system including polypersonal marking. Furthermore, Inuktitut features free word order and opt...	ddc:400	[ "Inuktitut" ]
12440	Relating propositions : subordination and coordination strategies in a polysynthetic language	eng	doc-type:workingPaper	[ "This paper discusses the relationship between the morphological structure of language and its syntactic structure. Although it is primarily a single language which is analysed in detail, namely, Inuktitut, an Eskimo language of the Canadian Eastern Arctic, the findings seem to be of general relevance." ]	ddc:400	[ "Inuktitut" ]
12445	Norwegian retroflexion : licensing by cue or prosody?	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "A common topic in recent literature on phonology is the question of whether phonological processes and segments are licensed by prosodic position or by perceptual cues. The former is the traditional view, as represented by e.g. Lombardi (1995) and Beckman (1998), and holds that segments occur in specific prosodic ...	ddc:439	[ "Retroflex" ]
12447	How do voiced retroflex stops evolve? Evidence from typology and an articulatory study	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The present article illustrates that the specific articulatory and aerodynamic requirements for voiced but not voiceless alveolar or dental stops can cause tongue tip retraction and tongue mid lowering and thus retroflexion of front coronals. This retroflexion is shown to have occurred diachronically in the three ...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12448	Variation in the perception of an L2 contrast : a combined phonetic and phonological account	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The present study argues that variation across listeners in the perception of a non-native contrast is due to two factors: the listener-specic weighting of auditory dimensions and the listener-specic construction of new segmental representations. The interaction of both factors is shown to take place in the percep...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12449	The phonetics and phonology of retroflexes : Fonetiek en fonologie van retroflexen (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands)	eng	doc-type:book	[ "At the outset of this dissertation one might pose the question why retroflex consonants should still be of interest for phonetics and for phonological theory since ample work on this segmental class already exists. Bhat (1973) conducted a quite extensive study on retroflexion that treated the geographical spread o...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12453	Loanword adaptation as first-language phonological perception	eng	doc-type:preprint	[ "We show that loanword adaptation can be understood entirely in terms of phonological and phonetic comprehension and production mechanisms in the first language. We provide explicit accounts of several loanword adaptation phenomena (in Korean) in terms of an Optimality-Theoretic grammar model with the same three le...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Lehnwort" ]
12454	Modelling the formation of phonotactic restrictions across the mental lexicon	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Experimental data shows that adult learners of an artificial language with a phonotactic restriction learned this restriction better when being trained on word types (e.g. when they were presented with 80 different words twice each) than when being trained on word tokens (e.g. when presented with 40 different word...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12455	An acoustic study of plain and palatalized sibilants in Ocotepec Mixe	eng	doc-type:article	[ "In Ocotepec Mixe, the stem-initial sibilants /s tÉs ß/ undergo a palatalization process when the prefix /j/ is added. Descriptions of other Mixe languages report that this palatalization is realized either as addition of a glide (in the case of the alveolar and retroflex sibilants) or as a change in the primary pl...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Zischlaut" ]
12456	The evolution of auditory contrast	eng	doc-type:article	[ "This paper reconciles the standpoint that language users do not aim at improving their sound systems with the observation that languages seem to improve their sound systems. Computer simulations of inventories of sibilants show that Optimality-Theoretic learners who optimize their perception grammars automatically...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12457	The diachronic emergence of retroflex segments in three languages	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The present study shows that though retroflex segments can be considered articulatorily marked, there are perceptual reasons why languages introduce this class into their phoneme inventory. This observation is illustrated with the diachronic developments of retroflexes in Norwegian (North- Germanic), Nyawaygi (Aus...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12458	The violability of backness in retroflex consonants	eng	doc-type:article	[ "This paper addresses remarks made by Flemming (2003) to the effect that his analysis of the interaction between retroflexion and vowel backness is superior to that of Hamann (2003b). While Hamann maintained that retroflex articulations are always back, Flemming adduces phonological as well as phonetic evidence to ...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12460	Acoustic differences between German and Dutch labiodentals	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The present article is a follow-up study of the investigation of labiodentals in German and Dutch by Hamann & Sennema (2005), where we looked at the perception of the Dutch labiodental three-way contrast by German listeners without any knowledge of Dutch and German learners of Dutch." ]	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12461	Voiced labiodental fricatives or glides – all the same to Germans	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Dutch has a three-way contrast in labiodental sounds, which causes problems for native speakers of German in their acquisition of Dutch, since German contrasts only two labiodentals. The present study investigates the perception of the Dutch labiodental fricative system by German L2 learners of Dutch and shows tha...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12462	Airflow in stop-vowel sequences of German	eng	doc-type:article	[ "This study reports on the results of an airflow experiment that measured the duration of airflow and the amount of air from release of a stop to the beginning of a following vowel in stop vowel-sequences of German." ]	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12463	The phonetic motivation for phonological stop assibilation	eng	doc-type:article	[ "In the following study we present the results of three acoustic experiments with native speakers of German and Polish which support implications (a) and (b). In our experiments we measured the friction phase after the /t d/ release before the onset of the following high front vocoid for four speakers of German and...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12464	German glide formation functionally viewed	eng	doc-type:article	[ "Glide formation, a process whereby an underlying high front vowel is realized as a palatal glide, is shown to occur only in unstressed prevocalic position in German, and to be blocked by specific surface restrictions such as ji and “j. Traditional descriptions of glide formation (including derivational as well a...	ddc:430	[ "Phonem" ]
12465	Towards a typology of stop assibilation	eng	doc-type:article	[ "In this article we propose that there are two universal properties for phonological stop assibilations, namely (i) assibilations cannot be triggered by /i/ unless they are also triggered by /j/, and (ii) voiced stops cannot undergo assibilations unless voiceless ones do. The article presents typological evidence f...	ddc:400	[ "Zischlaut" ]
12519	Perceptual and acoustic cues of Polish coronal fricatives	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "On the basis of perceptual experiments we show that alveolo-palatal fricatives and palatalized post-alveolars are two separate sounds which are distinguished not only by Polish native speakers but also by German ones. This claim is partly attested by centre of gravity measurements of the two sibilants. In this pap...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik" ]
12520	Postalveolar fricatives in Slavic languages as retroflexes	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "The present study poses the question on what phonetic and phonological grounds postalveolar fricatives in Polish can be analyzed as retroflex and whether postalveolar fricatives in other Slavic languages are retroflex as well. Velarization and incompatibility with front vowels are introduced as articulatory criter...	ddc:490	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12521	Retroflexion and retraction revised	eng	doc-type:article	[ "Arguing against Bhat’s (1974) claim that retroflexion cannot be correlated with retraction, the present article illustrates that retroflexes are always retracted, though retraction is not claimed to be a sufficient criterion for retroflexion. The cooccurrence of retraction with retroflexion is shown to make two fu...	ddc:400	[ "Phonetik", "Retroflex" ]
12522	Nominalization – lexical and syntactic aspects	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The main tenet of the present paper is the thesis that nominalization – like other cases of derivational morphology – is an essentially lexical phenomenon with well defined syntactic (and semantic) conditions and consequences. More specifically, it will be argued that the relation between a verb and the noun deriv...	ddc:400	[ "Nominalisierung", "Syntax" ]
12523	Bedeuten die Grenzen meiner Sprache die Grenzen meiner Welt?	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Daß die Sprache Voraussetzung und Grundlage für die Gesamtheit menschlicher Vollzüge und kultureller Gestaltung ist, dieser Gedanke ist nicht erst in der sprachanalytischen Philosophie des 20. Jahrhunderts zum Thema geworden. Allerdings nimmt er hier mit der These von der Unhintergehbarkeit der Sprache, also der F...	ddc:400	[ "Psycholinguistik" ]
12524	Linguistik, Poetik, Ästhetik	deu	doc-type:article	[ "The paper briefly summarizes the proposal made in 1965 that \"Poetic Competence\" is the basis for creating and evaluating poetry. That this competence lives on, but is different from linguistic competence is exemplified by a close look at the segmental and supra-segmental, morpho-syntactic, lexical, and conceptua...	ddc:400	[ "Ästhetik", "Poetik" ]
12525	Semantic form as interface	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The term interface had a remarkable career over the past several decades, motivated largely by its use in computer science. Although the concept of a \"surface common to two areas\" (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 1980) is intuitively clear enough, the range of its application is not very sharp and well def...	ddc:400	[ "Semantik" ]
12526	Thematic roles – universal, particular, and idiosyncratic aspects	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Thematic Roles (or Theta-Roles) are theoretical constructs that account for a variety of well known empirical facts, which are more or less clearly delimited. In other words, Theta-Roles are not directly observable, but they do have empirical content that is open to empirical observation. The objective of the pres...	ddc:400	[ "Semantik" ]
12527	German reflexives as proper and improper arguments	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Reflexive pronouns as central anaphoric elements are subject to general principles determined by Universal Grammar and shared by all languages that use reflexives as part of their grammatical structure. In addition to these general conditions, there are language particular properties, which different languages can...	ddc:400	[ "Lexikologie", "Reflexivpronomen" ]
12528	BECOME and its presuppositions	eng	doc-type:report	[ "In hindsight, the debate about presupposition following Frege’s discovery that the referential function of names and definite descriptions depended on the fulfillment of an existence and a uniqueness condition was curiously limited for a very long time. On the one hand, it was only in the 1960s that linguists bega...	ddc:400	[ "Semantik" ]
12529	Generative grammar	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Generative Grammar is the label of the most influential research program in linguistics and related fields in the second half of the 20. century. Initiated by a short book, Noam Chomsky's Syntactic Structures (1957), it became one of the driving forces among the disciplines jointly called the cognitive sciences. T...	ddc:400	[ "Generative Grammatik", "Chomsky, Noam" ]
12530	Das Organ des Denkens und die Grenzen des Ausdrückbaren	deu	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Metaphern bestimmen nicht nur unser alltägliches Leben, etwa wenn wir vom Rad der Geschichte oder der Bühne des Lebens sprechen, sie geben auch nützliche Orientierung in vielen Bereichen der Wissenschaft, von den schwarzen Löchern der Physiker bis zur Computermetapher des Gehirns in der Kognitionswissenschaft. Ein...	ddc:400	[ "Psycholinguistik" ]
12531	Lexical information from a minimalist point of view	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Simplicity as a methodological orientation applies to linguistic theory just as to any other field of research: ‘Occam’s razor’ is the label for the basic heuristic maxim according to which an adequate analysis must ultimately be reduced to indispensible specifications. In this sense, conceptual economy has been a...	ddc:400	[ "Grammatiktheorie" ]
12533	The semantics of gradation	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "The term 'gradation' is meant to cover a range of phenomena which for the time being I shall call quantitative evaluations regarding dimensions or features. I shall actually be looking into the principles governing the way gradation is expressed in language. The quantitative aspect of the adjectives of dimension o...	ddc:400	[ "Lexikologie" ]
12535	Musik und Sprache. Überlegungen zu ihrer Struktur und Funktionsweise	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Sprache und Musik in ihrer Wirkungsweise und in ihrem Aufbau etwas genauer zu verstehen, indem man sie miteinander vergleicht: das ist das Ziel der Überlegungen, die ich im folgenden anstellen will. Gesichtspunkte für diesen Vergleich entnehme ich vor allem der modernen Sprachwissenschaft." ]	ddc:400	[ "Kommunikationssystem" ]
12536	Syntactic features in morphology : general problems of so-called pronominal inflection in german	eng	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Morphological analysis of inflectional categories has been for a long time a favored field of classical structuralism. American scholars, in this respect, concentrated on the representation of inflected forms in terms of concatenated morphemes." ]	ddc:400	[ "Syntax" ]
12537	Some semantic universals of german adjectivals	eng	doc-type:article	[ "The structure of natural languages as studied by linguists is connected in several ways with phenomena outside this domain. Problems of this kind are, to mention only three: (a) the acoustical and physiological interpretation of the primitive elements in which the sound structure is represented; (b) the conceptual...	ddc:400	[ "Syntax" ]
12538	Sprache – Musik – Bild: Zeichentypen und ihre Konsequenzen	deu	doc-type:preprint	[ "Die drei Bereiche, die hier verglichen werden sollen, entsprechen in etwa der überkommenen Trias von Literatur, Musik und bildender Kunst, einer Gliederung, die im Medienzeitalters mit Videos, CDs, Installationen oder Happenings eigentlich obsolet ist. Allerdings geht es hier nur um die Eigenart der Zeichensysteme...	ddc:400	[ "Kommunikationsforschung", "Zeichen" ]
12539	Focus markers that link topic and comment	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This talk deals with the interdependence between the pragmatic categories topic and focus as displayed by certain alleged focus marking particles of some West African languages." ]	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12541	What is it about? The topic in some Ghanaian Gur grammars	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This talk deals with the pragmatic notion topic and its encoding in Buli and some related Ghanaian Gur languages and reveals that it is responsible for several intricate phenomena in the grammar of these languages." ]	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12542	To be or not to be? About the copula system in Buli (Gur)	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This talk concerns the copula system in Buli, a Ghanaian language which has also been attested in Bahia (Rodrigues 1935, Zwernemann 1968). Special focus will be put on the categorization of two copula-reminiscent elements for which I will propose a discoursepragmatic analysis." ]	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12547	Focus in Gur and Kwa	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "The project investigates focus phenomena in the two genetically relatedWest African Gur and Kwa language groups of the Niger-Congo phylum. Most of its members are tone languages, they are similar with respect to word order typology (all are SVO languages), but of divergent morphological type (agglutinating Gur ver...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12549	Sentence-medial adverbials in Buli (Gur, Northern Ghana)	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Research on adverbials in sentence-medial position in the North- Ghanaian Gur language Buli suggests that the language offers two divergent slots for adverbials between subject and verb. Special attention is paid to the group of sentence-medial deictic temporal adverbials. While they have the potential to develop ...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12550	Vom GURren und KWAken und anderen Zungen	deu	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "Wenngleich Brigitte Reineke vieler Zungen mächtig ist, möchte ich mich im Folgenden der von ihr Zeit ihres Lebens besonders präferierten Gruppe der Gur- und Kwasprachen und ihren aktuellen Forschungsinteressen in diesen widmen." ]	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12554	Focal aspects in the Lelemi verb system	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "In our presentation we will outline the verb system of Lelemi and concentrate on certain “focal” aspects which are of primary interest to us. Lelemi has two TAMP paradigms: one constituting the so-called “simple tenses”, the other the so-called “relative tenses” (Allan 1973), although not every “simple tense” has ...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12559	Focus or narrative constructions? : Morphosyntactically marked focus constructions in some Gur and Kwa languages	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "0. Introduction 1. Observations concerning the structure of morphosyntactically marked focus constructions 1.1 First observation: SF vs. NSF asymmetry 1.2 Second observation: NSF-NAR parallelism 1.3 Affirmative ex-situ focus constructions (SF, NSF), and narrative clauses (NAR) 2. Grammaticalization 2.1 Cleft hypot...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12560	Tonal focus reflections in Buli and some Gur relatives	eng	doc-type:article	[ "Buli is an Oti-Volta tone language spoken in Northern Ghana. This paper outlines the basic features of its tonal system and explores whether and in which way pitch respectively phonemic tone is approached as a means to indicate the pragmatic category of focus. Pursued are cases with focus-related surface tone chan...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12561	How many focus markers are there in Konkomba?	eng	doc-type:conferenceObject	[ "This article discusses the divergent status of the two particles lé and lá in the grammar of Konkomba, a Gur language (Niger-Congo) of the Gurma subgroup. While previous studies claim that both particles are focus markers, this author argues that only the particle lá should be analyzed as a pure pragmatic device. ...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12562	Informationsstruktur : die sprachlichen Mittel der Gliederung von Äußerung, Satz und Text	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Welchen Bedingungen unterliegt menschliche Kommunikation? Welche sprachlichen Mittel verwendet ein Sprecher um sicherzustellen, dass sein Zuhörer tatsächlich das versteht, was er kommunizieren möchte? Wie also »verpacken« wir wichtige und weniger wichtige Informationen im alltäglichen Diskurs? Diesen und anderen F...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12576	Preverbal negative markers in Buli	eng	doc-type:article	[ "This article deals with some aspects of negation in Buli, a Gur language spoken by the Bulsa people in Northern Ghana." ]	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12577	Low tone spreading in Buli	eng	doc-type:article	[ "In Buli, tone indicates lexical information as well as grammatical information. The changing of tone patterns regularly observed on lexemes is covered best by an autosegmental approach with autonomous tonal and segmental tiers. It reveals considerable deviations between underlying and surfacing tones at several mo...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur", "ddc:490" ]
12578	Focus expressions in Yom	eng	doc-type:article	[ "This paper deals with the means for expressing the pragmatic category of focus in Yom, which is an Oti-Volta language of the Yom-Nawdem group spoken by about 74,000 people (Gordon 2005, online version) in the department of Donga in Northern Benin. The study is based on results of my field research carried out in M...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12581	Fokus im Aja	deu	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Im folgenden Beitrag sollen die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Markierung von Fokus im Aja dargestellt werden. Das Aja, oder Ajagbe, umfaßt eine Gruppe von Varietäten, die zum Gbe-Kontinuum, von Westermann als Ewe bezeichnet, gehören. Die im Beitrag herangezogenen Daten stammen aus dem Hwe- sowie dem Dogbo-Dialek...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12582	Let’s focus it: Fokus in Gur- und Kwasprachen	deu	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, allgemeine Frage- und Problemstellungen bei der Untersuchung des Phänomens Fokus in ausgewählten Gur- und Kwasprachen vorzustellen, d.h. unsere Forschungsvorhaben kurz zu skizzieren, ohne dass wir bereits auf Ergebnisse eingehen können. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Überblick über das Fors...	ddc:400	[ "Informationsstruktur" ]
12583	Haben kopflose Relativsätze tatsächlich keine Köpfe?	deu	doc-type:book	[ "Kopflose Relativsätze werden wie abhängige Fragesätze durch ein w-Element (seltener auch ein d-Element) eingeleitet. Von besonderem Interesse ist hier, daß das w-Element in kopflosen Relativsätzen in den Subkategorisierungsrahmen des Matrixverbs passen muß, während w-Elemente in abhängigen Fragesätzen völlig unabh...	ddc:400	[ "Relativsatz" ]
12584	AcI-Konstruktionen und Valenz / Karin Bausewein	deu	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Hier sollen verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Valenz von AcI-Verben zu analysieren, diskutiert werden. Dabei werden nicht nur Ansätze berücksichtigt, die sich explizit auf den Valenzbegriff beziehen, sondern auch neuere Vorschläge im Rahmen der generativen Syntax zur Analyse der AcI-Konstruktionen. Es handelt sich i...	ddc:400	[]
12585	Freie Relativsätze und die Kasushierarchie	deu	doc-type:bookPart	[ "Für die Bildung von freien Relativsätzen existieren in verschiedenen Sprachen unterschiedliche Regeln. In einer Reihe von Sprachen muß der Kasus des Relativpronomens mit dem Kasus übereinstimmen, den das Matrixverb für die NP fordert, an deren Stelle der freie Relativsatz auftritt. Diese sogenannten \"Matching-Eff...	ddc:400	[ "Relativsatz", "Kasus" ]
12586	So und wie in Redekommentaren	deu	doc-type:article	[ "In diesem Aufsatz werden syntaktische und semantisch-pragmatische Eigenschaften von wie- und so- Sätzen in redekommentierender Funktion (z.B. wie er sagte, so meinte sie) untersucht. Verschiedene Unterschiede zwischen diesen beiden Satztypen resultieren daraus, daß wie-Sä tze Verbendstellung, so- Sätze dagegen Ver...	ddc:400	[ "Parenthese" ]
12587	Psychologische Verben und ihre Argumentstrukturen: drei Erklärungsansätze zur syntaktischen Variabilität der Experiencer-Rolle	deu	doc-type:article	[ "Zur Zeit erweckt die Frage großes Interesse, wie die Semantik und die Syntax von Kasusrahmen zusammenhängen. Dabei geht es darum, herauszufinden, nach welchen Regeln bestimmte thematische Rollen mit bestimmten syntaktischen Positionen verknüpft werden. Dieser Vorgang wird als Argumentselektion oder auch argument l...	ddc:400	[ "Lexikologie" ]
12588	Zur Syntax von Parenthesen	deu	doc-type:article	[ "In diesem Aufsatz sollen die syntaktischen Eigenschaften der als \"Parenthesen\" oder auch \"Einschübe\" bezeichneten Einheiten untersucht werden. Dabei wird sich zeigen, daß die gemeinhin unter Parenthesen subsumierten Strukturen überhaupt keine einheitlichen syntaktischen Eigenschaften aufweisen. Die häufig beha...	ddc:400	[ "Parenthese" ]

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