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Couple wins lottery, buys sewage treatment plant Couple wins lottery, buys sewage treatment plant NEW YORK (CNN) — After winning half of a staggering $587 million Powerball payout in November (netted to $136.5 million after taxes) Mark and Cindy Hill of Dearborn, Missouri, had unlimited options. They could have decided to travel the world, fill their garage with sports cars, or even buy their own island — fantasies most people entertain when dreaming of a big win. But the couple chose to stay put in Dearborn. Mark still meets friends daily for coffee at a local convenience store. And although he considered buying a Camaro after his win, Mark opted for a pickup. In fact, what the Hills have elected to do with their windfall is far from island buying — which brings us back to the sewage treatment plant. It’s one of many civic projects the Hills have decided to fund for their local community, and specifically Mark’s hometown of Camden Point, Missouri — a small enclave comprising fewer than 500 residents. They’ll pay for a new fire station and a new ball field. They’ll also donate $50,000 towards the sewage treatment plant. The fire station will have direct access to highways, and the ball field will be set further away from one — allowing the kids to play out of the range of traffic. As for the sewage treatment plant, that will enable residents to do away with personal septic tanks. Walt Stubbs, Camden Point fire chief, says not only will the new location give the fire department better access to the community, but it will help integrate the local ambulance district with the fire station, improving emergency response times. The Hills also donated a scholarship fund to nearby North Platte High School in Dearborn, where both graduated. City officials estimated these works would have taken around 25 years to complete if the city had to rely on its existing tax base. Stubbs concurs with this figure — and says the changes they’re now able to make weren’t even in their 5 or 10 year plans. Stubbs, who went to high school with the Hills, says their decision to use their winnings from the largest Powerball jackpot in history, for the community comes as no surprise, if you know the couple. “Money changes a lot of people,” Stubbs says. “They are just good people and are willing to help others.” Perhaps the Hills were heeding the words of the famously philanthropic Andrew Carnegie: “Surplus wealth is a sacred trust which its possessor is bound to administer in his lifetime for the good of the community.” Indeed at the press conference, Cindy Hill echoed Carnegie’s sentiment; “For some reason (God) put it in our hands,” she said, “I think to make sure it goes to the right things.”	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
In recent years, among radiation therapy systems for the purpose of cancer therapy, there have been advanced development and/or construction of a cancer therapy system that utilizes a particle beam of proton, heavy ion, etc. (called, in particular, as a particle beam therapy system) As is well known, according to a particle beam therapy utilizing the particle beam, a cancer diseased site can be irradiated in a concentrated manner as compared to the conventional radiation therapy using an X-ray, a γ-ray, etc., that is, the particle beam can be radiated in a pinpoint manner to be matched to a shape of the diseased site, and thus it is possible to perform the therapy without affecting normal tissues. In the particle beam therapy, it is important to highly accurately radiate the particle beam to the diseased site such as a cancer. For that purpose, during the particle beam therapy, the patient is fastened using a fastener, etc. in order not to shift his/her position relative to a patient support table in a treatment room (irradiation room). In order to accurately position the diseased site such as a cancer within a radiation exposure region, there is made a setting including roughly emplacing the patient with the aid of a laser pointer, etc., and then, an accurate positioning of the diseased site of the patient is performed using an X-ray image, a CT (Computed Tomography) image or the like. In Patent Document 1, there is described a treatment table system in which, after being precisely positioned using a three-dimensional diagnosis apparatus (CT apparatus) and while keeping this positioned state, the diseased site is highly accurately positioned at an isocenter of a particle beam therapy system by moving a placing board (top board). Using an isocenter of the three-dimensional diagnosis apparatus (CT apparatus) as a virtual isocenter of the particle beam therapy system, the treatment table system of Patent Document 1 makes positioning so that an image by the three-dimensional diagnosis apparatus is matched to a reference image for positioning. Such a positioning using images, is referred to as an image-matching positioning. After completion of the image-matching positioning at the virtual isocenter, the treatment table system moves the placing board (top board) on which the patient is laid by a movement mechanism of the patient support table, to thereby position the diseased site at the isocenter of the particle beam therapy system.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Pursuing passion New district policy helps level GPA playing field Photo by Riya George Balancing Act: Senior Fatima Malik works on several assignments at once. Students struggle with taking both high-level classes and electives and the new GPA system aims to fix the imbalance. "I think [the new GPA policy] is a good and bad thing," senior Teena James said. "But it'll let kids have more time to find what they want to do." The district’s new policy for the graduating class of 2023 will calculate GPA based only on math, science, social studies and English classes. This completely separates the core class GPA and ranking system from electives. Currently, electives are weighted differently based on the class or difficulty level. However, high-achieving students tend to steer clear of 4.0 electives as a whole, even if the course appeals to them. As college application deadlines approach, admissions officers look for activities that make a student stand out: a unique special interest or a talent fostered over the years. Taking classes just to boost GPA without interest or motivation in the class is not only counterintuitive, but can be detrimental to students’ college careers. The new policy is beneficial to the student body by fostering interests from a younger age. Students thrive when they are interested in what they’re doing while performance tends to suffer when there is little interest. According to a 2015 study of about 600 students in both private and public schools, the majority of students felt a “moderate to great deal” of stress from their daily workload in college-level or advanced classes. Taking advanced placement classes without any intention of truly learning or absorbing the material only increases stress levels and can have an adverse effect on educational performance. In addition to the academic disadvantages, students may face deteriorating mental health due to overwhelming classwork in a class they loathe. Intrigue in a subject effectively motivates students to do well, but detachment from classes builds a barrier between students and their true passions. This, in addition to school-related stress, wreaks havoc on physical and mental health. Without outlets to allow students to express their interests, a school is more like a prison than a center for growth. High school students should be able to explore their talents and discover a possible passion through taking elective classes. In the frantic race to a perfect GPA, students ignore the opportunity that electives present. Elective classes like engineering and culinary can lead to legitimate, prospective careers. The activities in the classes serve as a “trial run” for students who want to explore their interests. All students should have an equal opportunity to find their passion or hobby, but potential fades away when talent is left unnurtured. Some students argue that the new policy is unfair because the amount of effort put into certain elective classes warrants grading it on a scale equal to core classes. Classes like Academic Decathlon are graded on an AP scale of 5.0 and are known for a large workload in and out of class. However, a GPA system accounting for grades in core classes without considering electives creates a more level playing field. The new policy ensures students aren’t discriminated against based on their personal interests and endeavors. Though it is difficult to get out of the 5.0 mindset, students must step outside of the high school bubble and think in the long run. Electives help students branch out in their educational careers before being forced into the adult world. Additionally, taking elective classes regardless of scale helps introduce new interests to students. District policy eliminating electives from GPA offers equal representation for students and encourages them to pursue their true passions.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
What is the methodological rigour of palliative care research in long-term care facilities in Europe? A systematic review. The European population is rapidly ageing, resulting in increasing numbers of older people dying in long-term care facilities. There is an urgent need for palliative care in long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on palliative care research in long-term care facilities in Europe with respect to how the palliative care populations were described, and to determine the study designs and patient outcome measures utilized. We used a systematic literature review. The search strategy included searches of PubMed, Embase and PsychINFO databases from 2000 up to May 2010, using search terms related to 'palliative care' and 'end-of-life care' combined with search terms related to 'long-term care'. We selected articles that reported studies on patient outcome data of palliative care populations residing in a long-term care facility in Europe. This review demonstrated that there are few, and mainly descriptive, European studies on palliative care research in long-term care facilities. Fourteen studies were retained in the review, of which eight were conducted in the Netherlands. None of these studies described their study population specifically as a palliative care or end-of-life care population. Retrospective and prospective designs were applied using many different measurement instruments. Most instruments were proxy ratings. Symptom (management) was the most frequently measured outcome. To improve future research on palliative care in long-term care facilities, agreement on what can be considered as palliative care in long-term care facilities and, the availability of well-developed and tested measurement instruments is needed to provide more evidence, and to make future research more comparable.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Q: How can I change UITextField leftview frame How can I change the position of the leftView in a UITextField? I have tried this, but the leftView position does not change UIView view = [[UIView alloc]init]; [view setFrame:CGRectMake(10, 10, 15, 15)]; [view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor blackColor]]; [self.urlBar setLeftView:view]; [self.urlBar setLeftViewMode:UITextFieldViewModeAlways]; A: To change the position of the leftView you need to create your own subclass of UITextField and override the leftViewRectForBounds: method to return a different frame. A: The following code will give you a padding (displacement) of 20 from left. @IBDesignable class LeftImageTextField: UITextField { let displacement: CGFloat = 20 required override public init(frame: CGRect) { super.init(frame: frame) sharedSetup() } required public init?(coder: NSCoder) { super.init(coder: coder) sharedSetup() } func sharedSetup() { self.leftViewMode = .always self.leftView = UIImageView(image: UIImage(named: "myImage")) } override func leftViewRect(forBounds bounds: CGRect) -> CGRect { var textRect = super.leftViewRect(forBounds: bounds) textRect.origin.x += displacement return textRect } // placeholder position override func textRect(forBounds bounds: CGRect) -> CGRect { var textRect = super.textRect(forBounds: bounds) textRect.origin.x -= displacement return textRect } // text position override func editingRect(forBounds bounds: CGRect) -> CGRect { var textRect = super.editingRect(forBounds: bounds) textRect.origin.x -= displacement return textRect } override func placeholderRect(forBounds bounds: CGRect) -> CGRect { return bounds } /* Changes to this parameter draw the border of `self` in the given width. / @IBInspectable var leftImage: UIImage? { didSet { self.leftView = UIImageView(image: leftImage) } } } A: Solution for iOS 13 on Swift 5: let padding: CGFloat = 8 let outerView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: padding 2 + 23, height: 23)) let imageView = UIImageView(frame: CGRect(x: padding, y: 0, width: 23, height: 23)) imageView.image = image outerView.addSubview(imageView) leftView = outerView // Or rightView = outerView leftViewMode = .always // Or rightViewMode = .always	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Mike Hembree Special for USA TODAY Sports DENVER — There’s a new sheriff in town — from way out of town. Furniture Row Racing, which basically defines the term “outlier” as it relates to NASCAR, has stepped up to become a legitimate race and championship contender in the Sprint Cup Series. Driver Martin Truex Jr. solidified that posture in qualifying for the four-car finale last season and again in February, by coming within a few feet of winning the Daytona 500 and scoring what would have been a landmark victory for one of stock car racing’s unique — and rising — operations. Truex led the most laps Saturday night at Texas Motor Speedway and was on his way to victory before a series of late cautions and a call to stay out while others pitted for fresh tires cost him the win. Furniture Row Racing, owned by Denver businessman Barney Visser and named for his home furnishings chain, is located in an industrial area of Denver within sight of the Colorado capital’s downtown. As such, FRR is the only major stock car operation beyond the western shoreline of the Mississippi River. James: Late-race tactics continue to frustrate Martin Truex Jr. FRR stands alone — really alone, an aberration in a NASCAR world in which the vast majority of teams — and every other good one — is located within easy orbit of Charlotte, N.C., for decades the heart of stock car racing’s major leagues. Visser, a native of Denver and owner of ranching and farming operations and a state-of-the-art machine shop here in addition to his widespread furniture empire, started the team 11 years ago and has grown it into one that consistently challenges the sport’s traditional powers despite its status as a single-car operation with just 64 employees. Along the way, the smart money might have suggested a move to North Carolina, but Visser, a quiet but determined team owner, would have none of that. Despite the logistical challenges associated with such an odd location, it was Denver or nowhere. For the people who work in the nondescript FRR shop — there’s no sign out front and no indication that a successful Sprint Cup team lives here — Denver works just fine, thank you. Furniture Row owner Barney Visser keeps low profile “I’m off the plane for five minutes, and I fell in love with Colorado,” Chris Moyher, a former North Carolina resident who works on suspensions for Truex’s cars, told USA TODAY Sports. “As soon as I came around the corner out of the airport and saw those mountains, I said, ‘I’m not going back. I’ve found my home. I knew this is where I wanted to be.’ ” Moyher, 41, has worked for the team for seven years. He lives on a ranch 50 miles — “door to door,” he said — from the shop. In exchange for a room in the ranchhouse, he cares for the owners’ horses and cattle, and he has time to pursue his interests in training horses and roping. “I get up at 3:45 and feed the horses before I leave by 5 to get to the shop by 6,” Moyher said. “It’s nice to go out there at 4 in the morning. The stars are out over the mountains. It’s quiet. There’s fresh air.” Moyher and other shop employees report to FRR by 6 a.m. because the team works as if it’s in the Eastern time zone — typically 6 a.m. to 3 p.m. Denver time to match Charlotte’s 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. day. That puts FRR employees in the same time cycle as suppliers and associates who work in Charlotte, making communication easier. And, as Moyher, nicknamed “Cowboy,” points out, he usually gets home in time to do some work around the ranch or ride in the valley on his horse. “Most of the guys who work here really enjoy the mountains,” FRR general manager Joe Garone, 55, the team’s original employee, told USA TODAY Sports. “They ride Harleys. They fish or hunt. There’s a mountain life here that is really special. You can look out over valleys here that you see in magazines. It’s absolutely incredible.” Mechanic Craig Phillips, 68, knows the landscape well. Despite having the strongest of ties to North Carolina and its racing — a job at Dale Earnhardt Inc. during its glory days — he jumped ship after the departure of Dale Earnhardt Jr. and landed in Colorado. Having hunted near Denver, Phillips made the move without being pushed. He’s been with FRR for nine seasons. Phillips also lives 50 miles from the shop, in a mountain house at 8,500 feet. “I’ve got everything that is wild in Colorado in my backyard,” he told USA TODAY Sports. “The other day, 25 elk came through the backyard. We have five mountain lions in the drainage where I live. And black bears.” Phillips’ backyard is within easy reach of 25 miles of horse trails, significantly closer than the long plane flights he used to take to get to the high ground of the Rockies. “I’ve never had anybody come out here to spend a few days and not want to come back,” Garone said. 12 Questions with Martin Truex Jr. DENVER ADVANTAGES Although teams based in the Charlotte area have easier access to experienced personnel, that reality also carries a negative — it’s also easy for a mechanic to move a few blocks to work for another team that might offer more money or a better position. In Denver, there are no other teams looking to hire Sprint Cup mechanics. Ranch hands are in greater demand. “We know some guy is not going down the street for $100 more per week,” crew chief Cole Pearn told USA TODAY Sports. “Guys don’t (go) out for dinner with guys from other teams, so information control is much better. As much as there are some negatives maybe on the time side of it, there are so many other benefits to focus on.” For Pearn, those benefits include snow-skiing in the Arapahoe Basin west of Denver. His two kids are growing up as children of the mountains. “It’s always been a dream to live next to the mountains and have that (as) part of my lifestyle,” Pearn said. “The fact I could do that and work in racing at the same time was pretty attractive to me.” PHOTOS: Behind the wheel with Martin Truex Jr. Beyond the unusual positives tied to living near the Rockies, the team’s relatively recent competitive climb also adds to the attractive environment at the shop, Pearn said. “The more solid we become, the easier it is to get people,” he said. “The comfort level you have in working here is a huge positive. It relaxes everybody immediately, I think.” Truex, who lives in North Carolina, visits the shop several times a year and said he is impressed that the Denver area has adopted Furniture Row as “its” team and that his teammates compete at such a high level. “We don’t have 450 people like other teams,” Truex said. “There are a lot less distractions and a lot less nonsense to put up with. A lot less babysitting. It’s a smaller group that loves what they’re doing, and it’s a great work environment to show their talent and put it to work.” Fast forward: Six storylines to watch heading into Bristol FURNITURE ROW BEGINNINGS The journey to making the Furniture Row name mean something beyond sofas and mattresses began innocently enough in 2005 when short-track racer and Denver resident Jerry Robertson, a repeat winner at Colorado National Speedway and a friend of Visser’s, talked Visser into going Xfinity Series (then Busch Series) racing on a limited basis. They ran 10 races in cars owned by Visser in 2005. Mostly on a lark, Visser also decided to run a Cup race that year at Dover, Del., and driver Kenny Wallace qualified, finishing 34th. Garone, a former Denver resident who had moved to the Charlotte area to work for NASCAR teams and later became the first employee of the NASCAR Research and Development Center, welcomed the chance to return to Denver and get the engines running at FRR. “I walked in this location — an empty warehouse,” Garone said. “It was just me. Jerry had a Late Model team and knew some guys, and they came over after their normal jobs and helped out. “Barney wanted to do more races, and I was able to hire guys over a period of time to where we had a basic team. I wore a lot of different hats until we got people in here with experience.” Visser, already a success in business, steadily built the operation. “I’ve invested a lot. But the money doesn’t mean very much to me,” Visser told USA TODAY Sports. “It just doesn’t. I want to get my debts taken care of, but beyond that I’m just not going to let the money control me. I’m going to do what I want to do, if I can.” Garone said Visser’s final decision to pursue Cup racing came about a month after Wallace’s run. “There was a big crowd at Dover that Sunday,” Garone said. “We were walking down pit road, and I really think I knew then that Barney was going to switch to advertising his companies in front of the NASCAR fans. A month later, I got the call. That’s the day it turned into a business.” MAKING PROGRESS Veteran driver Joe Nemechek came on board in 2007 and helped the team with qualifying — a specialty for “Front Row” Joe. Nemechek ran 32 races in 2008 and was replaced by Regan Smith, who ran only 18 in 2009 as the team trimmed its schedule when the national economy took a dive. The team’s first full Cup season, again with Smith, was 2010. Smith scored the team’s first victory in May 2011 at Darlington Raceway in South Carolina. Kurt Busch, needing a fresh ride to boost a career in turmoil, joined the team in 2012 to run six races, then ran the full season in 2013, earning FRR the distinction of being the first single-car team to qualify for the Chase for the Sprint Cup. He finished 10th, a run boosted by the experience of veteran crew chief Todd Berrier, identified by Visser as a key element in the team’s progress. Busch moved on, and Truex arrived for the 2014 season. Last year, he scored FRR’s second Cup win — at Pocono Raceway — and qualified for the Chase, pushing the team, now under Pearn’s direction, all the way to the finale at Homestead, Fla., where he finished fourth for the team’s best points score ever. “The biggest thing was when Kurt came on board,” Garone said. “He validated what we thought about our race cars. We thought our cars were some of the best in the garage. For him to get in the cars and run like he did was great. We didn’t win because we weren’t quite there yet, but our expectations got much higher.” Now they are quite high, indeed. After Truex finished seventh in the second race of this season at Atlanta Motor Speedway (a week after almost winning the Daytona 500), the team left Georgia “just miserable about it,” Garone said. “And to think,” said Carolyn Visser, Barney’s wife, “just a year or so ago you felt good about seventh.” Follow Hembree on Twitter @mikehembree	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
[Treatment of chronic anterolateral ankle instability by reconstructing lateral ligament with semitendinosus autograft]. To investigate clinical effects of chronic anterolateral ankle instability by reconstructing lateral ligament with semitendinosus autograft. From September 2014 to November 2016, 28 patients with chronic anterolateral ankle instability underwent lateral ligament reconstruction with semitendinosus autograft. Among them, including 20 males and 8 females with an average age of 28.6 years(18 to 47 years old). Preoperative complications were recorded. AOFAS and VAS score were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. Twenty-eight patients were followed up from 6 to 28 months with an average of 18.2. No iatrogenic fracture or infection occurred. There was no ankle instability or limited at the latest follow-up. AOFAS score was improved from 53.1±6.8 before operation to 90.4±5.9 at the latest follow-up , and had statistical difference(P<0.05); while VAS score was increased from 6.3±1.7 before operation to 0.8±0.5 at the lastest follow-up(P<0.05). Chronic anterolateral ankle instability by reconstructing lateral ligament with semitendinosus autograft has advantages of simple operation, good recovery, less compilations and good clinical effects. It is one of stable methods for the treatment of chronic anterolateral ankle instability.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Washington • The big news in the Democratic presidential race is that not much has changed since Joe Biden jumped in. To be sure, Massachusetts Sen. Elizabeth Warren has steadily gained ground, according to polls. California Sen. Kamala Harris rose sharply after the first debate but then gradually slid back into single-digit-land. Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders has held onto his sizable base, while Mayor Pete Buttigieg has kept most of the support he won in his impressive spring debut. But national and state polling shows that the basic shape of the race has remained the same. Biden has a solid lead and nobody else is particularly close. In the Real Clear Politics national poll averages last Friday, Biden was at 28.9% — nearly 12 points clear of his nearest rival, Sanders, who had 17.1% support. Warren was right in there at 16.5%, and then there was a gap between her and Harris, who had 7.0%, and Buttigieg, at 4.6%. That’s your top tier, at least for now. Next behind Buttigieg is entrepreneur Andrew Yang, at 2.5%, followed by New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker and former Rep. Beto O’Rourke at 2.4% each. Everybody else, to be honest, has support that amounts to a rounding error. For me, the striking thing is how little the race changed over the summer. Since late May, Biden’s support has never gone below 26% — his nadir after getting sliced and diced by Harris in the first debate — and no other candidate has climbed as high as 19%. Polls in the key early primary and caucus states tell the same story. The Real Clear Politics average shows Biden with a solid lead in Iowa, a slim lead in New Hampshire, and huge leads in both Nevada and South Carolina. If those numbers hold and he wins all four of those states, it's pretty much game over. You know all the caveats. It’s still early. Every time Biden opens his mouth there’s the chance of self-immolation. Sanders gets overlooked, perhaps because the novelty from 2016 has worn off, but he remains in second place. Warren’s rise really has been remarkable, and she has a formidable-looking ground game in Iowa, where that’s a real factor. Harris caught fire once and could do it again. Buttigieg is there — along with others — if Biden falters. But despite relentless coverage of Biden’s “gaffes” — a word used only by political writers — he remains the clear front-runner. Some commentators say that’s because people who don’t follow politics for a living haven’t started paying attention, but I disagree. I believe most Democratic primary voters are intensely focused on picking the right candidate to defeat President Trump and end our long national nightmare. I just think voters are making up their own minds about what’s important in Biden’s performance and what’s not. At 76, Biden has to show that he's still sharp and vigorous enough to vanquish Trump and then serve four years in the most demanding job in the world. In the first debate, he seemed old, tired, at times befuddled. Since then, in my view, he has been much better -- though questions remain. If Democrats choose Biden, they will have a nominee who can get carried away while telling stories, who can mix up names and dates, who can be a font of malapropisms. His top-tier rivals speak in crisper, more well-formed sentences; heck, Buttigieg speaks in whole polished paragraphs. But as voters decide who's best to beat Trump and repair the damage he's done to the nation, I believe they want more than eloquence. I think they're looking for "electability," whatever that means; they're looking for a fighter who won't back down; and they're looking for leadership. Article continues below The next debate, on Sept. 12 — with the 10 leading candidates all onstage at once — will be the most important to date, and potentially the most pivotal of the campaign. It will be the first opportunity to see Biden flanked by his nearest competitors, Sanders and Warren, with Harris and Buttigieg not far from center stage. Any of them could steal the show. Booker, O'Rourke, Minnesota Sen. Amy Klobuchar, former Housing and Urban Development Secretary Julian Castro, or even novice politician Yang might have a breakthrough evening. But it also could be that the third debate does what the first two did — make the poll numbers fluctuate but not fundamentally change the shape of the race. Until someone manages to get within shouting distance of Biden in the polls, objectively this race is his to lose. Eugene Robinson	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
+ 1 = -2j - 8u for j. -3 Suppose -8x = 2697 - 2817. Let w be (-9 - (-2 + 2))4/(-12). Solve -2s - 9 + 34 = -3j, -x = wj for s. 5 Suppose -h = -2y + 25 - 5, 2y - 2h = 14. Solve 3d = -6, -d = yu - 15u - 2 for u. -2 Let h be (-216)/50428/(-3). Solve -5t - 11 = 4b, ht = -4b + 2t - 2 for b. 1 Let t = -188 - -193. Suppose -v = -tl - 6v - 5, 0 = -3l - 2v. Solve z - a + 20 = -6a, -lz - 16 = 4a for z. 0 Let y = 70 + -68. Let o be (44/(-11))/(y/3). Let g be 3 + -6 - (1 + o). Solve -5 = 3d + 5n, -2n - 41 = -5d + gn for d. 5 Let k(l) = l2 - 2l - 3. Let p be k(4). Suppose -8g + pg + 15 = 0. Suppose 5u + 35 - 45 = 0. Solve -5i - 20 = -3o, -3i + u = 2o - g for o. 5 Let p(k) = -k3 + 16k*2 + 28k - 185. Let a be p(17). Solve -aj + 3 = 3v, -39v - 2j = -43v - 10 for v. -1 Let y = -299 + 369. Let z(n) = -69n*2 + n. Let b be z(-1). Let v = b + y. Solve vd - 5d + 15 = 4h, d = 4h + 3 for h. 0 Let t be (-26)/(-715)-5 + 184/44. Solve 17 = 3v + to, 8 = 2v - 0v + o for v. 3 Suppose -1213y + 1126y = -609. Solve 0 = 2d - 5j + y, 6d - j = d - 6 for d. -1 Suppose -2w + 19 = -5c, -10 = 2c - 4. Suppose 4 = -4f, -wk - 4f + 21 = 3k. Solve ka = -4r - 7, 4r - 13 = 4a - 29 for r. -3 Let g = 245 + -242. Let f = -15 + 27. Suppose 2s = -5j + f, -8s - 24 = -j - gs. Solve i - 14 = -5z, -4i - z - 13 = -jz for i. -1 Let f = -186 - -304. Let c = f - 115. Solve -2l + c = -0g - 3g, 1 = 3l - g for l. 0 Suppose -116 = -21k - 8k. Suppose 6q = 2q - 3w + 48, -2q + 3w + 24 = 0. Solve 0 = s + 2y + q, -4 = 5y - ky for s. -4 Let i(k) = 2k*3 - 13k*2 - 8k + 11. Let o be i(7). Solve -p + 29 = 4p - oz, -2 = -p - 3z for p. 5 Suppose 18 = 14p - 52. Suppose 20 = 3a + g, -2a + 3g + p = 2g. Suppose -4u - 13 = -l, -5l + l + 22 = -u. Solve 4t + a = 3t, lt = -q - 30 for q. -5 Let j = 37 - 17. Let q(s) = -2s*2 - 9s + 34. Let y be q(6). Let v be (-8)/(-20) - y/j. Solve -5 = -4m - 4x + 3, -vm - 3x + 16 = 0 for m. 5 Let x(v) = -3v - 9. Let r be (-3)/(-4) - ((-43)/(-4) + -4). Let b be x(r). Solve -d + 4 = -4c, -5d - 37 = 4c - b for d. -4 Let w be (-7)/(-2)(-1216)/(-1064). Solve -6 = t + wk, -9k = 4t - 6k - 2 for t. 2 Let m(k) = k3 + 3k*2 + 8k + 3. Let w be m(-2). Let j(v) = -v*2 - 13v - 36. Let o be j(w). Solve od + 2i + 8 = -d, 0 = -4d + 4i + 16 for d. 0 Let u be (-3)/9-3(-720)/(-144). Solve -uq - 63i + 27 = -60i, 20 = 5i for q. 3 Let d be (1/2)/(29/(-58)). Let j be d/3 + 918/81. Solve -3m + 9 = -3k, 0 = k - 5m + 2m + j for k. 1 Let s(p) = p*2 - 23p + 2. Let c be s(0). Solve -l - ch + 20 = 12, 0 = 3l - h - 10 for l. 4 Suppose -d + 2p = -0p - 3, 2d + 2p - 12 = 0. Solve -a = -5u + u - 14, du + 7 = -4a for a. 2 Let a be (-9 - -251)/22 + -8. Solve -7d + ad = -20, 3j + 10d - 41 = 0 for j. -3 Suppose -4x + w + 50 = 0, 15 = 2x + w - 1. Solve 0i = -2i + u + x, -4i - 3u = 3 for i. 3 Suppose -3y + 2411 = 2411. Solve -2i = -3i + 5c - 19, 3i + 5c - 23 = y for i. 1 Suppose 104 = 3f - 8f - v, 5v - 40 = 3f. Let k be ((-8)/f - (-6)/10)1. Solve 0 = b - 3c + 8, 0 = -4b + 2c - 13 + k for b. -2 Suppose -2125a + 28 = -2118a. Solve -8 + 20 = -ao + 3f, 8 = 4o + 2f for o. 0 Suppose c + 17 = 3w, 2w = 4c + 11 + 17. Let n be ((-12)/(-18))/((-3)/(-18)). Solve 2h = nh + wy - 2, -y = -h - 5 for h. -3 Let w(v) = 6v - 32. Let q be w(6). Suppose ql = l + 6, -2r = -5l + 10. Solve -2m - 2b + 2 = r, 5m + 3b + b - 4 = 0 for m. 0 Suppose 5d - 100 = -5q, 3d = -3q + d + 60. Suppose -q = -19y + 15y. Solve -6 - 7 = -3o + yc, c + 1 = -o for o. 1 Suppose 0 = -4a + 2m - 268, 57 = -5a + 4a - 2m. Let o = a - -65. Let s be o + (-4)/(-22) - 106/(-22). Solve -su = 5w + 23 - 3, w + 9 = -2u for w. 1 Let x be -8(-21)/(-140)(-5)/(-2). Let g(m) = 23m + 73. Let c be g(x). Solve -cr + u = -3r - 3, 5u + 21 = 2r for r. -2 Let a = 21747 - 21733. Solve 2j - 5y = 60 - 78, 3j + a = y for j. -4 Suppose r - 10 = 2y - 3, 2r - 5 = y. Let v be (-792)/(-385) - 8/140. Solve 4f - v = -3z + r, 0 = f for z. 1 Let a(w) be the first derivative of 11w4/4 - w3/3 - w*2/2 + w - 13. Let c be a(1). Solve -3x = -5k + c, -5k + 20 = -x - 0 for x. 5 Let v = -29765 - -29778. Solve -16u - 4y = -vu - 28, 0 = 4u - 2y - 8 for u. 4 Let d(c) be the third derivative of 13c*4/24 + 115c*3/2 + 3c*2 - 18c. Let n be d(-26). Solve 0 = 5r - b + 30, 3r + 2b + n = 2 for r. -5 Let o = 5 - 2. Suppose p = -3, 6p = -4z + 8p + 6. Suppose -4k = 5f - 22, 4f + 4 = -zf + 4k. Solve 19 = or - 5w, -3w = 2r + fr - 6 for r. 3 Let k be -5 + 1 + (3 - (-2 - 4)). Suppose -2x = 10x - kx. Solve 5n - 20 = -xn, 3n - 22 = 5t for t. -2 Let i be (-8)/76 + ((-170)/190 - -2). Solve 2c = -x + 1, 3x + c + i = -c for x. -1 Let w = -418 - -120. Let r = -268 - w. Solve 0 = -2d - 2d + 2u + 30, 4u + r = 2d for d. 5 Let k(b) = b*3 + 66b*2 + 73b + 527. Let l be k(-65). Solve -17 = -3i + 4v, -12i + 21 = -li - 3v for i. 3 Let i(a) = 2a*2 + 29a + 17. Suppose 1 = m, -1 = -j - 5m - 10. Let b be i(j). Solve 0 = -3o - 5s - 0s + 20, 3 = bs for o. 5 Let l be ((-32)/(-64))/(2/20). Suppose -3v = s - 28, 10s - 9s - lv = 12. Solve j - 4b = -7b - 19, -s = 3j + 2b for j. -4 Let v be -22(2/4 - 2). Suppose -26 = 14m - 54. Solve 2q - 3 = -0x - x, 5x + v = mq for q. 4 Suppose 43i - 45i - 2r + 6 = 0, -3i - 2r + 11 = 0. Suppose 6f = 7f. Suppose f = -6a + 9a - 21. Solve m - k = 5m + a, -im = -2k + 25 for m. -3 Let a = 16 - -3. Suppose u - a = -3. Suppose -3z - u = -5z. Solve -8n - 2h - z = -4n, -n + 4 = -h for n. 0 Suppose -4b + 40 = b. Let v be 3/6 + (-4)/b. Let c = -269 + 273. Solve v = -r + 3r, cy + r = -4 for y. -1 Suppose 7w - 45 = 25. Let m be 9(-35)/(-14)(-8)/w. Let r be m/((-3)/(-2)-1). Solve -r = 3t, -2t = -4o - t + 12 for o. 2 Let i(a) = -2a3 + 4a*2 + 14a - 17. Let p be i(5). Let r = 97 + p. Solve 5y - 12 = -s, y + ry - 18 = 5s for s. -3 Let x = -12843 + 12945. Solve u - 11 = -2j, -3j = 4u + x - 121 for j. 5 Suppose 7k - 16 = 12. Suppose 3p - p = 2r + k, -28 = -5p - 4r. Let z(a) = 2a - 3. Let w be z(p). Solve 3l + ws + 11 = 0, 2l + 5s + 6 = 2s for l. 3 Suppose m + 4n = 7, -3m + n + 21 = -4n. Let c be ((-2)/4)/(3/(-78)). Suppose -2w + c = m. Solve 5z - 5 = -4s, -s - wz = -2s + 14 for s. 5 Let j(t) = t2 - 3. Let o be j(2). Suppose -r = 2x + 2, -3x + 3 - o = -r. Solve -4i + xb - 11 = b, -2i + 3b = -5 for i. -2 Let v = 16286 + -16279. Solve 4a - 2n = 8, n - 12 = 5a - va for a. 4 Suppose -5b + 10 = 3o, -13o + 14o - 5b = 10. Solve f - 2w = 3, -45w = -2f - 42w + o for f. 1 Let i(m) = m*3 - 8m*2 - 45m + 16. Let k be i(-4). Solve w = 3j - 8, j = 5w + 16 - k for w. -2 Suppose -4w + 8 = -2w - 4z, 3z = -w - 1. Suppose u - 1 = s, -wu = -5s + 1 - 0. Solve -5k - 2 + 4 = -3t, -3t + uk - 8 = 0 for t. -4 Suppose -82h + 79h = -3k - 9, -5h - k = -21. Solve -p + 4v = -15, hp - 2p + v = 3 for p. 3 Let s(c) = -29 - 40 - c3 + 114 + 15c + c*2 + 0c*3 - 30. Let x be s(-3). Solve -xb + 3o - 7 = -5b, 5o - 7 = -3b for b. -1 Let a = -272 - -273. Suppose 4f - 8f + 2u = -18, a = u. Solve -2n = -4l + n, 2n = fl for l. 0 Suppose 0 = 2m + 2, -3g - 199 = -m - 83. Let n be 6/g - 165/(-143). Solve -3p = 0, w - 3 = -3p - n for w. 2 Let b(t) = -14t*3 + 2t2 + t. Let m(z) = z2 - 4z + 2. Let r be m(3). Let a be b(r). Let g = 207485 - 207485. Solve 5p - j - a = 0, g = 2j - 0j for p. 3 Let y be ((-12)/7)/(2/175-5). Let b = -21 + y. Let w = -78 - -93. Solve n + 3m = -m - w, 0 = 5n - 2m + b for n. -3 Suppose -5f + 0a - 5a + 10 = 0, -2f = -3a - 4. Solve -4m + f = -3o, 18m = 21m - 3o for m. 2 Let f be 587 + 2/13 + (-300)/260. Let w = 588 - f. Solve -3l = -h - 14, l + wh = 6 + 1 for l. 5 Let g = -22300 - -22320. Solve 4n = -p - 13, -3n + 24p = gp - 14 for n. -2 Let g = 31487 - 31482. Solve -gq = 4l - 10, -5q - 21 + 31 = l for l. 0 Suppose 164 = -4f - 2a, -3f + 145 = -6f + 4a. Let x = 48 + f. Solve -3t - 5 = 5k - 17, 0 = -t - 2k + x for t. -1 Suppose 4l - 36 = -0l. Let u = -5095 - -5098. Solve h + 3p - 2p = u, h = 2p + l for h.	{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-affected and tumorous mammary tissue of female dogs. Epidermal growth factor (EGFR), oestrogen (ER), and progestin (PR) receptor concentrations were determined by radioligand binding assay in non-affected mammary tissues (n = 13) and benign (n = 11) and primary/locally recurrent malignant proliferative mammary lesions (n = 45) and metastases (n = 19) in 65 female dogs. The number of specimens expressing EGFR was not significantly different among these tissues, but EGFR concentration was lower in metastases (P = 0.02) than in benign or primary/locally recurrent malignant lesions not mixed with non-affected mammary tissue. The presence of non-affected mammary tissue in primary cancer specimens was noticed as a factor that may influence results of receptor measurements. No relation was found between the expression of EGFR and that of ER or PR in non-affected or in tumorous mammary tissues. It was concluded that in the dog mammary gland EGFR expression is not associated with conditions of steroid receptor absence of biological agressiveness of neoplastic growth.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
The Power Rangers Series is quickly approaching its 25th anniversary season in 2018 and that means tons of 25th anniversary items will be released! One of these must have items is going to be the Boom! Studios Artist Tribute Book Scheduled for released in March of 2018. This hardcover collection of more than 60 pieces of original artwork will span across all 25 years of Power Rangers history and contain art from some of the most dynamic talents in comics including Kris Anka (Runaways), Adam Gorham (Black Panther), Marcus To (Joyride), Dan Mora (Klaus), and more! "Fans are going to love this special look at the legacy of Power Rangers through the eyes of some of our favorite artists," says Dafna Pleban, Editor, BOOM! Studios. "This is just the beginning of our Megazord-sized plans at BOOM! Studios to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Power Rangers, which includes big news for our monthly Mighty Morphin Power Rangers and Saban’s Go Go Power Rangers series.” Saban's Power Rangers Artist Tribute also features an Introduction written by iconic Mighty Morphin Power Rangers actor Paul Schrier (“Bulk”), an Afterword by Brian Casentini (Executive Producer, Power Rangers content), and a cover illustrated by Felipe Massafera (Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern). PUNCH THE AMAZON LINK TO PRE-ORDER TODAY! PUNCH THE AMAZON LINK TO PRE-ORDER TODAY! Check out these other great Power Rangers products available through Amazon!	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The present invention relates generally to middleware, and relates more particularly to the assembly of a middleware system from discrete middleware components. Specifically, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for dynamic assembly and adaptation of middleware components. Systems software that functions as an intermediary between different components (e.g., applications and services) is generally referred to in the computer industry as middleware. Middleware is a mechanism used to simplify the development of software systems by adding one layer of indirection between the operating system and the application. It is often employed to integrate and coordinate the interoperation of distributed, heterogeneous applications over a network. For example, middleware may allow a program written for access to a particular database to access other databases as well. Middleware is also used by applications to coordinate updates to multiple databases. In yet another example, middleware may also allow a program written in one programming language to interoperate with a (seemingly incompatible) program written in a different programming language. In all cases, the role of middleware is to functionally mediate between (software, hardware and networking) infrastructure and applications; middleware is specialized software that enables other software (e.g., applications and services) to interoperate. Traditional middleware models, while configurable, are static; that is, specific middleware components with specific sets of features and functions are typically selected prior to application development, deployment and execution. The middleware components are installed on a specific client at which an application executes, and execution of application programs by the client is limited to the installed middleware technology. When middleware is deployed within a service-oriented architecture, such a static model may not be optimal. In such architectures, applications will tend to dynamically find and interact with each other. Thus, the required or desired features and functions to be provided by the middleware may not be known until runtime (e.g., for services only discovered at runtime), may depend on changing system conditions (e.g., network load or global security policies), or may change over time as new versions of middleware features and functions become available. Thus, there is a need in the art for a method and apparatus for dynamic middleware assembly.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
--- abstract: 'The magnetic nature of Cs$_{2}$AgF$_{4}$, an isoelectronic and isostructural analogue of La$_2$CuO$_4$, is analyzed using density functional calculations. The ground state is found to be ferromagnetic and nearly half metallic. We find strong hybridization of Ag-$d$ and F-$p$ states. Substantial moments reside on the F atoms, which is unusual for the halides and reflects the chemistry of the Ag(II) ions in this compound. This provides the mechanism for ferromagnetism, which we find to be itinerant in character, a result of a Stoner instability enhanced by Hund’s coupling on the F.' author: - 'Deepa Kasinathan,$^1$ A. B. Kyker,$^1$ and D. J. Singh$^2$' title: 'Origin of ferromagnetism in Cs$_2$AgF$_4$: importance of Ag - F covalency' --- Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ is a member of a family of Ag(II) fluorides that form in perovskite and layered perovskite structures. The distinguishing feature is the presence of Ag(II), which is a powerful oxidizing agent. [@hoppe1; @hoffmann] This compound was first synthesized in 1974 by Odenthal and co-workers. [@hoppe] It occurs in the tetragonal K$_{2}$NiF$_{4}$ layered perovskite structure. This is the same structure as the parent of the high temperature superconducting cuprates, La$_2$CuO$_4$. Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ shows no tilts or rotations of the octahedra, which are common in oxide layered perovskites. Synthesis of isostructural Na$_2$AgF$_4$ and K$_2$AgF$_4$ was also reported and these compounds also have the K$_{2}$NiF$_{4}$ structure. All three compounds are reported as being blue or purple in appearance and ferromagnetic. While transport measurements have not been reported for these compounds, it is known that the related distorted perovskite compound KAgF$_3$ is metallic at high temperatures, and then has a metal insulator transition coincident with an antiferromagnetic ordering temperature. [@g-kagf3] In the doped high-T$_c$ cuprates, superconductivity develops from a paramagnetic metallic phase, with Fermi surfaces coming from hybridized Cu $d$ - O $p$ bands. These are formally antibonding bands of $d_{x^2-y^2}$ - $p_\sigma$ character. [@pickett] While the theory of high temperature cuprate superconductivity remains to be established, it is widely held that the phenomenon is associated with the physics of the undoped compounds, which are antiferromagnetic Mott insulators. Specifically, it is thought that there is a relationship between superconductivity and the antiferromagnetic fluctuations associated with the correlated $d$ electrons of cuprates. Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ has interesting similarities to the high-T$_c$ cuprates. As mentioned, it is isostructural, featuring AgF$_2$ sheets in place of CuO$_2$ sheets, it has a transition element with a $d^9$ configuration, and it is magnetic. Moreover, related compounds have been shown both in band structure calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments to display significant Ag - F covalency, reminiscent of the Cu - O hybridization in the cuprates. [@hoffmann; @jaron; @g2] These similarities and other considerations have led to speculations about possible high temperature superconductivity in Ag(II) fluorides. [@hoffmann; @g3] One puzzling difference between the cuprates and the layered Ag(II) fluorides is that the undoped cuprates are antiferromagnetic, while the argentates are ferromagnetic. One possible explanation would be an orbital ordering that favors ferromagnetism within a superexchange framework, as was recently suggested. However, neutron measurements did not detect the symmetry lowering that would occur in this case. [@mclain] Here we use electronic structure calculations to elucidate the electronic structure of Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ and the origin of its magnetic properties. A previous density functional calculation for this material found it to be a covalent metal,[@hoffmann] with a substantial density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level (E$_{F}$) in the absence of magnetism. We did electronic structure calculations within the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), [@pw; @pbe] using the general potential linearized augmented planewave method, with local orbitals, [@lapw; @lo] as implemented in the WIEN2K program. [@wien] The augmented planewave plus local orbital extension was used for the Ag $d$ and semicore levels. [@apw] The valence states were treated in a scalar relativistic approximation, while the core states were treated relativistically. Well converged basis set sizes and Brillouin zone samplings were employed. Except as noted otherwise, the LAPW sphere radii were 2.0 $a_0$ and 1.85 $a_0$ for the metal and fluorine atoms, respectively. The basis set cut-off was chosen to be $RK_{max}$=7.0, where $R$ is the radius of the F sphere. We tested the convergence by comparison of LSDA results with an independent code, employing the LAPW augmentation with local orbitals and with higher basis set cut-offs as well as different sphere radii. The structural data were obtained from the report[@hoppe] of Odenthal and co-workers: $a$ = 4.58Å, $c$ = 14.19Å, including the two internal parameters corresponding to the Cs and apical F heights above the AgF$_2$ square planar sheets. Minimization of the forces in the LDA approximation yielded a value of z$_{\rm Cs}$=0.361 and z$_{\rm F}$=0.147, in close agreement with the experimental values of z$_{\rm Cs}$=0.36 and z$_{\rm F}$=0.15. Within the LSDA we find a Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ to be a metal on the borderline of ferromagnetism. Fixed spin moment calculations showed a non-spin-polarized ground state, but with a 1 $\mu_B$ per formula unit fully polarized solution only 35 meV higher in energy. We also did LSDA calculations applying fields only inside the Ag LAPW spheres, which were chosen to be 2.1 $a_0$ in radius for this purpose. With 5 mRy fields of this type in a ferromagnetic pattern, moments of 0.35 $\mu_B$ were induced in the Ag spheres, and moments also appeared in the F spheres, for a total spin magnetization of 0.62 $\mu_B$. Application of the same field in an in-plane $c$(2x2) antiferromagnetic pattern yielded induced Ag moments in the spheres of only 0.17 $\mu_B$, with a small moment also appearing on the apical F, but no moments on the in-plane F, as is required by symmetry. This shows the system to be much closer to ferromagnetism than antiferromagnetism at the LSDA level, and suggests an important role for the in-plane F in the magnetism. Within the GGA, we obtain a ferromagnetic ground state, with spin magnetization, $M=0.9 \mu_B$ and energy 6 meV below the non-spin polarized solution. However, we do not find any metastable antiferromagnetic solution, implying itinerant magnetism, in particular, the absence of stable local moments. The calculated electronic density of states (DOS) for the ferromagnetic ground state is shown in Fig. \[dos\]. The band structure is shown in Fig. \[bands\], and the Fermi surface in Fig. \[fermi\]. The band structure is expected to be two dimensional, due to the bonding topology, which has 180$^\circ$ Ag-F-Ag links in the AgF$_2$ sheets, but no direct Ag-F-Ag connections in the $c$-axis direction. This in fact is the case. [@disp-note] As may be seen, Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ is close to a half metal, with the Fermi energy being near a band edge in the majority channel, but not in the minority channel. The minority spin Fermi surface consists of small hole cylinders running along the zone corner (from the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ band) and electron cylinders around the zone center i(from the $d_{z^2}$ band). The majority spin Fermi surface consists of a single large square cylindrical electron surface that almost fills the Brillouin zone, leaving a small region of holes around the zone boundary. Cs$_{2}$AgF$_{4}$ has two type of F sites forming distorted Ag centered octahedra; one is in the AgF$_2$ sheets (referred as F1 in this paper), and the other is the apical F along the $c$ - axis (referred as F2 in this paper). The apical Ag - F2 distance is slightly smaller than the in-plane Ag - F1 distance. A key point is that the F1 atoms bridge the Ag atoms in the sheets, with 180$^\circ$ bonds, while the apical, F2 atoms connect to only one Ag atom and therefore are not bridging. Examining the DOS and projections in more detail, one may note that the valence bands have substantially mixed Ag $d$ - F $p$ character, especially near the bottom and top of the manifold where $e_g$ - $p_\sigma$ bonding and antibonding combinations occur. This hybridization involves both F1 and F2 atoms, and is consistent with previous results for Ag(II) fluorides. [@hoffmann; @jaron; @g2] The result is a very stable metallic electronic structure, with substantial F character at the Fermi energy, $E_F$, and a valence band width of $\sim$ 5.5 eV. This strong hybridization can be understood in chemical terms considering the very strongly oxidizing character of Ag(II), which in this compound partially oxidizes F$^{-}$. Thus covalency in this compound is a consequence of the unusual valence state of Ag. Turning to the band structure, there are two bands crossing $E_F$ in the minority spin channel. These are the $d_{x^2-y^2}$, which hybridizes with the in-plane F, and the $d_{z^2}$ hybridized with the apical F. The $d_{x^2-y^2}$ - F1 combination has greater dispersion because of the in-plane topology, mentioned above. However, the $d_{z^2}$ - F2 combination is higher lying, with the result that the two band maxima nearly coincide. The higher lying position of the $d_{z^2}$ - F2 is readily explained by the fact that these bands are antibonding $e_g$ - $p_\sigma$ and the Ag - F2 bond is shorter. In the minority spin channel, the $d_{z^2}$ band extends from from -0.5 to 0.7 eV (relative to $E_F$), while the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ band extends from -2.1 to 0.5 eV. In the absence of the lighter $d_{x^2-y^2}$ band, one would have a half-filled $d_{z^2}$ band. Because the $d_{x^2-y^2}$ is in fact present, the $d_{z^2}$ is slightly electron doped away from half filling. This is in contrast to the cuprates, where only a $d_{x^2-y^2}$ band is active, and this band is hole doped away from half-filling in the highest $T_c$ compounds. The small size of F$^-$ relative to O$^{2-}$ emphasizes the effect of the perovskite bonding topology in the band structure. This is because direct F - F hopping is reduced by its small size, relative to O in oxides, and the strongly oxidizing nature of F and Ag(II) push the Cs conduction bands to high energy, reducing the assisted hopping via Cs for the valence bands. Thus, the hopping is dominated by nearest neighbor Ag-F channels, so for example, the $d_{xz} - p_\pi$ and $d_{yz} - p_\pi$ derived bands take strong one dimensional character and are seen to be almost perfectly flat along some directions as seen in Fig. \[bands\]. The mixed character of the bands is reflected in the distribution of the magnetic moments in the ferromagnetic ground state. Of the total spin moment of 0.9 $\mu_{B}$, only 0.5 $\mu_{B}$ lies within the Ag LAPW sphere, radius 2.0 $a_0$. The remaining $\sim$ 40% of the magnetization is F derived, approximately equally divided between the F1 and F2 sites. This is important for understanding the itinerant ferromagnetic ground state that we find. First of all, the large moments on the in-plane F1 atoms seen both in the GGA ferromagnetic ground state and in the LSDA calculations with ferromagnetic fields in the Ag (but not the F) spheres, mean that there is a contribution to the energy from the F polarization. F$^-$ is a relatively small anion, at the end of the first row of the periodic table. Thus, when magnetic, it can have a strong Hund’s coupling. This provides a generalized double exchange mechanism for favoring ferromagnetism, similar to the mechanism in SrRuO$_3$. [@singh-ru; @mazin-ru] In the ferromagnetic case, the F1 atoms take moments due to the hybridized character of the bands around $E_F$ and contribute to the Stoner instability through their Hund’s coupling. With antiferromagnetic ordering, no induced moments can be present on the F1 atoms by symmetry, and therefore the Hund’s coupling on these sites cannot stabilize the magnetism. Thus, the fact that the moments become unstable in an in-plane antiferromagnetic configuration supports this picture. Different from the ruthenates, the hybridized states in Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ involve $e_g$ instead of $t_{2g}$ states, and the F$^{-}$ ion is much smaller than O$^{2-}$. We studied the stability of this ferromagnetic, two-band electronic structure, using LDA+U calculations and treating the Coulomb $U$ as a parameter. We found, as expected, that a local moment, insulating state could be obtained. However this only happened when using a very high value $U$=7 eV. This is an unreasonably large value for a 4$d$ ion in a screening environment. The reason for the weak effect of more realistic values of $U$ is that the bands are strongly hybridized, and are really mixed F $p$ - Ag $d$ bands, and not narrow bands built from the Ag $d$ orbitals. Thus we conclude that on-site Coulomb correlations do not have a large effect on the electronic structure or magnetism of this compound. This is in contrast to the undoped cuprates, where the LSDA and GGA approximations incorrectly predict non-magnetic metallic ground states, and the Hubbard $U$ is crucial for obtaining moment formation and an insulating ground state. To summarize, density functional calculations of the electronic structure of Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ show strong covalency between Ag $d$ and F $p$ states. Within the GGA, the ground state is ferromagnetic, and is stabilized by Hund’s coupling on the in-plane F atoms which occurs due to F participation in the magnetism resulting from the $e_g$ - $p_\sigma$ hybridization. The electronic structure is nearly half-metallic, and not insulating. It would be of interest to experimentally test the prediction of a metallic electronic structure. The resulting picture of the electronic structure and magnetism is very different from the undoped cuprates. (1) Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ has two active bands: $d_{x^2-y^2}$ and $d_{z^2}$; neither is exactly half-filled; (2) moment formation in Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ is due to a Stoner type mechanism as opposed to on-site Coulomb repulsions that are crucial in the cuprates; (3) the magnetism has strong itinerant character due to F participation, as opposed to the local moment superexchange mediated character of cuprate antiferromagnetism; and (4) we find ferromagnetism with the ideal tetragonal structure; orbital ordering to obtain ferromagnetism within a superexchange mediated framework is not needed. We note that the predicted F contributions to the magnetism are large enough to be detected using neutron scattering. Finally, we note that the mechanism for ferromagnetism in Cs$_2$AgF$_4$ is quite robust, and would expected to occur in other Ag(II) fluorides with similar bond lengths and topologies. Since it does not rely on small structural effects, it provides a ready explanation for the observed ferromagnetism in the other $A_2$AgF$_4$ compounds. Furthermore, the above picture of itinerant magnetism may be more generally applicable to other Ag(II) fluoride compounds. For example, KAgF$_3$ shows a metal insulator transition coincident with an antiferromagnetic ordering. [@g-kagf3] This is much more natural in an itinerant system than in a strongly correlated local moment system, which would tend to be insulating on both sides of the ordering temperature at odd integer band fillings. The structure of that compound shows compressed octahedra and Ag-F-Ag chains along the $c$-axis direction with short bond lengths. Assuming that the above mechanism applies also to this compound, one may expect ferromagnetic chains along $c$. Considering that the ground state is known to be antiferromagnetic, one may anticipate a C-type ordering of antiferromagnetic $a-b$ planes, stacked ferromagnetically in that case. In any case, in perovskite derived Ag(II) fluorides, the mechanism that we propose would generally favor ferromagnetism or complex antiferromagnetic states, with ferromagnetic interactions along some bonding directions, as opposed to simple G-type ordering. We are grateful for helpful discussions with W.E. Pickett and J. Turner. Research at ORNL was sponsored by the Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed and operated by UT-Battelle, LLC. Work at UC Davis was supported by DOE contract DE-FG03-01ER45876. [100]{} R. Hoppe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. [20]{}, 63 (1981). W. Grochala and R. Hoffmann, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. [40]{}, 2742 (2001). R.-H. Odenthal, D. Paus and R. Hoppe, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. [407]{}, 144 (1974). W. Grochala and P.P. Edwards, Phys. State Sol. (b) [240]{}, R11 (2003). W.E. Pickett, H. Krakauer, R.E. Cohen and D.J. Singh, Science [255]{}, 46 (1992). T. Jaron, W. Grochala and R. Hoffmann, Phys. State Sol. (b) [242]{}, R1 (2005). W. Grochala, R.G. Egdell, P.P. Edwards, Z. Mazej and B. Zemva, ChemPhysChem [4]{}, 997 (2003). W. Grochala, A. Porch and P.P. Edwards, Solid State Commun. [130]{}, 137 (2004). S.E. McLain, D. A. Tennant, J. F. C. Turner, T. Barnes, M. R. Dolgos, Th. Proffen, B. C. Sales and R. I. Bewley, cond-mat/0509194 (2005). J.P. Perdew and Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. B [45]{}, 13244 (1992). J.P. Perdew, K. Burke and M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. [77]{}, 3865 (1996). D.J. Singh and L. Nordstrom, Planewaves, Pseudopotentials and the LAPW Method, 2nd Ed. (Springer, Berlin, 2006). D. Singh, Phys. Rev. B [43]{}, 6388 (1991). P. Blaha, K. Schwarz, G. K. H. Madsen, D. Kvasnicka, and J. Luitz, [WIEN2K]{}, 2002, an Augmented Plane Wave + Local Orbitals Program for calculating crystal properties (Karlheinz Schwarz, Technische Universitat Wien, Austria). E. Sjostedt, L. Nordstrom and D.J. Singh, Solid State Commun. [114]{}, 15 (2000). This can be seen for the valence bands in Fig. \[bands\] from the $\Gamma -M$ and $X - P$ lines, which are along $k_z$ in the body centered tetragonal zone. The two-dimensional character is also evident in the Fermi surfaces. The higher lying (mainly Cs) derived states above the gap are more three dimensional in character. D.J. Singh, J. Appl. Phys. [79]{}, 4818 (1996). I.I. Mazin and D.J. Singh, Phys. Rev. B [56]{}, 2556 (1997).	{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }
--- ./src/Makefile.orig 2020-03-28 14:25:12.000000000 +0100 +++ ./src/Makefile 2020-04-03 21:01:21.744145133 +0200 @@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ # Enable multi-threading support. PARALLEL_CFLAGS = -Dgmic_is_parallel ifneq ($(OS),Windows) -PARALLEL_LIBS = -lpthread +#PARALLEL_LIBS = -lpthread endif # Enable parallelization in CImg, using OpenMP. @@ -346,8 +346,8 @@ GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS = $(MANDATORY_CFLAGS) $(ABORT_CFLAGS) $(PARALLEL_CFLAGS) $(EIGEN_CFLAGS) $(FFTW_CFLAGS) $(CURL_CFLAGS) $(PNG_CFLAGS) $(JPEG_CFLAGS) $(TIFF_CFLAGS) GMIC_CLI_LIBS = $(MANDATORY_LIBS) $(PARALLEL_LIBS) $(EIGEN_LIBS) $(FFTW_LIBS) $(CURL_LIBS) $(PNG_LIBS) $(JPEG_LIBS) $(TIFF_LIBS) ifeq ($(OS),Unix) # Unix -GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS += $(OPENMP_CFLAGS) $(X11_CFLAGS) $(OPENEXR_CFLAGS) $(OPENCV_CFLAGS) # $(XSHM_CFLAGS) # $(MAGICK_CFLAGS) -GMIC_CLI_LIBS += $(OPENMP_LIBS) $(X11_LIBS) $(OPENEXR_LIBS) $(OPENCV_LIBS) # $(XSHM_LIBS) # $(MAGICK_LIBS) +#GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS += $(OPENMP_CFLAGS) $(X11_CFLAGS) $(OPENEXR_CFLAGS) $(OPENCV_CFLAGS) # $(XSHM_CFLAGS) # $(MAGICK_CFLAGS) +#GMIC_CLI_LIBS += $(OPENMP_LIBS) $(X11_LIBS) $(OPENEXR_LIBS) $(OPENCV_LIBS) # $(XSHM_LIBS) # $(MAGICK_LIBS) else ifeq ($(OS),Darwin) # MacOSX GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS += $(X11_CFLAGS) $(OPENEXR_CFLAGS) $(OPENCV_CFLAGS) @@ -360,13 +360,15 @@ cli: $(MAKE) "CFLAGS+=$(GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS) $(OPT_CLI_CFLAGS)" "LIBS+=$(GMIC_CLI_LIBS) $(OPT_LIBS)" _cli - $(STRIP) gmic$(EXE) + $(STRIP) gmic$(EXE) gmic-gm$(EXE) debug: $(MAKE) "CFLAGS+=$(GMIC_CLI_CFLAGS) $(DEBUG_CFLAGS)" "LIBS+=$(GMIC_CLI_LIBS)" _cli _cli: gmic_cli.o gmic.cpp gmic.h gmic_stdlib.h CImg.h $(CXX) -o gmic gmic_cli.cpp gmic_cli.o $(CFLAGS) $(LIBS) + $(CXX) -o gmic_cli_gm.o -c gmic.cpp $(CFLAGS) $(MAGICK_CFLAGS) + $(CXX) -o gmic-gm gmic_cli.cpp gmic_cli_gm.o $(CFLAGS) $(MAGICK_CFLAGS) $(LIBS) $(MAGICK_LIBS) gmic_cli.o: gmic.cpp gmic.h gmic_stdlib.h CImg.h $(CXX) -o gmic_cli.o -c gmic.cpp $(CFLAGS)	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
AZD9668: pharmacological characterization of a novel oral inhibitor of neutrophil elastase. N-{[5-(methanesulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-6-methyl-5-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-oxo-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide (AZD9668) is a novel, oral inhibitor of neutrophil elastase (NE), an enzyme implicated in the signs, symptoms, and disease progression in NE-driven respiratory diseases such as bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via its role in the inflammatory process, mucus overproduction, and lung tissue damage. In vitro and in vivo experiments were done to evaluate the binding kinetics, potency, and selectivity of AZD9668, its effects in whole-blood and cell-based assays, and its efficacy in models of lung inflammation and damage. In contrast to earlier NE inhibitors, the interaction between AZD9668 and NE was rapidly reversible. AZD9668 was also highly selective for NE over other neutrophil-derived serine proteases. In cell-based assays, AZD9668 inhibited plasma NE activity in zymosan-stimulated whole blood. In isolated human polymorphonuclear cells, AZD9668 inhibited NE activity on the surface of stimulated cells and in the supernatant of primed, stimulated cells. AZD9668 showed good crossover potency to NE from other species. Oral administration of AZD9668 to mice or rats prevented human NE-induced lung injury, measured by lung hemorrhage, and an increase in matrix protein degradation products in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. In an acute smoke model, AZD9668 reduced the inflammatory response to cigarette smoke as indicated by a reduction in BAL neutrophils and interleukin-1β. Finally, AZD9668 prevented airspace enlargement and small airway wall remodeling in guinea pigs in response to chronic tobacco smoke exposure whether dosed therapeutically or prophylactically. In summary, AZD9668 has the potential to reduce lung inflammation and the associated structural and functional changes in human diseases.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Working as a freelancer is a great way to make money online from the comfort of your own home. The beauty of freelancing is that you can tailor it to suit your needs. You can freelance for a couple of hours a week in the evenings to help save up for a holiday or some much needed home improvements. Or carve out a full-time job for yourself, giving you a more satisfying work-life balance and enabling you to do the simpler things in life like taking the kids to school. With so many jobs available online, freelancing is becoming more and more popular. This is the best course on how to make money on CB I've seen so far. It takes you from the most basic things that you need to know to the best ways to really make money from CB. Kc Tan knows his stuff really well because he practices what he teaches and gives us real examples. I really like this course and will definitely recommend it to anyone who wanted to start making real money from CB affiliate program. 5 stars!" – Frederic Talis Yes and no. Affiliate marketing can generate passive income, but the passive side of the income usually only follows putting in a few years of hard work to generate the brand and audience you'll need to begin generating those passive sales. I have multiple sites earning passive income, but each of those sites took a lot of front end work to build up to that point. And not every site gets to the point of passive income. Some sites require continual maintenance though the revenue they generate can also allow you to pay for that maintenance to be done vs. you needing to do it yourself. Now as to your comment on traffic it is true, traffic is important. But the truth is, acquiring traffic is easier than converting it. Plus we have many posts dedicated to traffic generation on this blog. Simply check this post, this post or this post. But must importantly, the reason why people struggle with traffic is that they try to promote a sales page or a heavily biased piece of content. Nobody wants to share that, nobody wants to link to that, and as a result you don't get traffic and blame your lack of success on traffic (like you did in your comment above). Becoming a VA can entail some degree of training or briefing, depending on your qualifications. However, if you have good communication skills and are capable of using applications like MS Office, you can just sign up on sites such as Elance.com, 24/7 Virtual Assistant, Assistant Match, eaHelp, Freelancer, FlexJobs, People Per Hour, Uassist.Me, Upwork, VaVa Virtual Assistants, Virtual Staff Finder, Worldwide 101, Ziptask, Zirtual and so on. A VA my expect earnings in the range of Rs 500-Rs 4,000 per hour. Consider your expertise. If you take the time to reflect on your experiences, you will realize that you have more knowledge about which to write than you might think. Begin by listing three assets that define you, such as your profession, a special hobby or a personality trait. Next, list three things that inspire you, such as religion, education or charity. Finally, list three of your dreams, such as getting married, traveling or spending more time with your children. These three lists should give you many ideas of topics about which you can write.[13] Tutor students. Many families prefer the flexibility of using an online tutor. Depending on your background, you could be simply helping a child with homework or providing college-level support. You need to have your own computer and high speed internet. Experience required differs among companies. Some require “strong experience,” while others require a specific educational background. However, most companies do require a college degree. When a product is returned, the customer generally receives a full refund. Payouts from that sale are debited back out of the corresponding vendor and affiliate accounts. Due to the digital format of ClickBank products, when a product is returned the customer retains the product and, in many cases, the customer has received a benefit from the product prior to the return. In such cases, ClickBank reserves the right to issue a refund for less than the full purchase price. Sites like Zyoin and WiseStep connect employers with prospective employees, many of whom are already employed and not actively job-hunting via networking. The main benefit is knowing who these qualified candidates are. Rewards for referring a candidate who gets hired range from $50 to potentially several thousand dollars. If you know a stream of job-seekers, this is a great way to break into the recruiting business without the need for overhead costs. Focus on the surveys and offers at the top of the list. Here's a tip not many people know. CashCrate has a special algorithm that automatically selects the best surveys and offers and places them at the top of the list. There are several factors that go into determining which are the “best”, including payout, approval rate, and a variety of other factors. But all you need to know is that these surveys and offers are great, so you can do them in confidence! Do you have zero interest in an expensive mountain bike the company you are an affiliate of sells? Well, you probably don’t want to feature it on your blog, as it is extremely difficult to persuade readers (or anyone for that matter) that they should buy something you wouldn’t be caught spending a single penny on. When you are passionate about a product or–at the very least–interested in learning more about it, this will come through to your readers, engage them and better coax them to buy VIPKID provides an international learning experience to children in China between the ages 4-12. Headquartered in Beijing, the company offers fully immersive one-on-one English language instruction provided online by highly qualified teachers. The curriculum is based on the U.S. Common Core State Standards and uses a flipped-classroom approach to foster creativity and critical thinking skills. Shopify is another great option if you are wanting to create your own eCommerce store. Shopify is arguably easier to set up than WooCommerce but will give you less control over your storefront and cost you more long term. However, if you have little to no experience of creating websites or using WordPress, or you are working to a very tight time schedule, then Shopify may be the perfect eCommerce platform for you. Once your hosting is set up, you need to install a content management system (CMS) for your site. We recommend WordPress because it is easy to use and a beginner (like you!) can quite quickly figure out how it works. Most good hosting providers will have a one-click install option for WordPress, which means it will only take you a couple of minutes and you will have WordPress installed on your site. Totally awesome Gael. Thank you so much for sharing. Yes, the per-engagement presell sequence strategy is the way to go in 2015 - pulling folk in with front end value content building that all important relationship factor and enticing them to opt in for more..., then offering them a solution at a lower price as it's the first offer on TY page...and then promoting the opt in throughout your posts starting out with the problem, then turning it into finding the solution (as you have done above, lol!), plus Outbrain to LINK relative content, AND get affiliates on board + repeat with many blog posts and many offers, specially ads via FB and Pinterest Pin posts - man this is a powerful win-win. Makes SO much sense to me - am doing this right from NOW...Will be following your CB success and I'll report back mine... R. The more traffic you have, the more money you can make with ClickBank. In order to maximize your traffic, you should spend some time identifying commonly searched keywords that relate to the product you plan to sell. If you create articles and other content based on those keywords you can often get some traffic from search engines, especially if you target the less competitive long-tail keywords in your niche. Long-tail keywords are search phrases, rather than one or two words. If you are planning to promote an online poker course for example, you might do some keyword research and decide that the term "online poker course" has too much competition from existing websites, but articles based on things like "When to push during a sit-n-go" don't have as much competition and may yield more traffic. With apps being constantly developed, competent app developers are in high demand. Again, if you have the experience or skills to create successful apps then this could be something you could end up working on as a full-time freelancer. Check out adverts for developers on Toptal, a higher paying jobs site for experienced freelancers wanting to make money online. Mechanical Turk is Amazon's take on micro-jobs. These are small miniscule-jobs that you can do for other people, which they call HITs, or Human Intelligence Tasks. These are super simple tasks that anyone can do. Some examples are listing off some URLs with certain kinds of images for one cent, or recording a few phrases with a microphone for 6 cents.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Rotation of an array This is a C++ code and I feel its correct, yet it doesn't work. I will explain a bit for understanding t - number of tries. n - size of array. k - number of rotation. Input: 1 2 3 4 5 . for k=2, Output: 4 5 1 2 3. Please advise on the same. #include<iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int t,n,k; cin >> t; int s = 0; int a[1000]; int b[1000]; for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) { cin >> n; //TAKING IN THE NUMBER OF ELEMENTS. cin >> k; // TAKING IN AMOUNT OF ROTATION. for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { cin >> a[j]; //READING ARRAY. cout << " "; } for (int y = 0; y < n; y++) { b[y + k] = a[y]; // REARRANGING ARRAY. if (y + k >= n) { b[s] = a[y]; s++; } cout << b[y] << " "; // SHOWING ARRAY. } } return 0; } A: The Problem with your code is in line, cout<<b[y]<<" "; // SHOWING ARRAY. You must take it out of that for loop,since you are trying to print something that you have not given value.For example,first y=0 you set b[y+2] but you print b[y] which is not yet set. Another problem which you will see for t>1 is initialisation of s has been done out of main i.e it is 0 for only first run. the final code will be #include using namespace std; int main() { int t; cin>>t; int n; int k; int a[1000]; int b[1000]; for(int i=0;i<t;i++) { int s=0; //Changed cin>>n; cin>>k; for(int j=0;j<n;j++) { cin>>a[j]; // cout<<" "; //Not needed } for(int y=0;y<n;y++) { b[y+k]=a[y]; if(y+k>=n) { b[s]=a[y]; s++; } //cout<<b[y]<<" "; // changed this } for(int y=0;y<n;y++) //added this cout<<b[y]<<" "; } return 0; }	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
False aneurysm of the cavernous carotid artery: a complication of transsphenoidal surgery. Although excellent results currently are being achieved with transsphenoidal surgery, life-threatening complications may occasionally result from this approach. We present a patient with carotid injury sustained during transsphenoidal surgery, who presented 6 weeks postoperatively with a large false aneurysm in the cavernous part of the right internal carotid artery. This lesion was successfully treated by trapping. The pathogenesis of this complication is discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
IBM Power Systems Power Systems is a family of server computers from IBM that are based on its POWER processors. Before the Power Systems line was announced on April 2, 2008, IBM had two distinct POWER processor-based lines: the System i running IBM i (formerly i5/OS and OS/400) and the System p series running AIX or Linux. History IBM had two distinct POWER- and PowerPC-based hardware lines since the early 1990s: Servers running processors based on the IBM PowerPC-AS architecture in the AS/400 family (later known as iSeries, then System i), running OS/400 (later known i5/OS, and now IBM i) Servers and workstations using IBM POWER and PowerPC microprocessors in the RS/6000 family (later known as pSeries, then System p), running IBM AIX and Linux. They merged to use essentially the same hardware platform in 2001/2002 with the introduction of the POWER4 processor. After that, there was little difference between both the "p" and the "i" hardware; the only differences were in the software and services offerings. With the introduction of the POWER5 processor in 2004, even the product numbering was synchronized. The System i5 570 was virtually identical to the System p5 570. In April 2008, IBM officially merged the two lines of servers and workstations under the same name, Power Systems, with identical hardware and a choice of operating systems, software, and service contracts. In February 2010, IBM announced new models with the new POWER7 microprocessor. Systems IBM Power Systems models: 2008/2009 BladeCenter JS12 Express BladeCenter JS22 Express BladeCenter JS23 Express BladeCenter JS43 Express Power 520 Express Power 550 Express Power 560 Express Power 570 Power 575 Power 595 2010 BladeCenter PS700 Express BladeCenter PS701 Express BladeCenter PS702 Express Power 710 Express Power 720 Express Power 730 Express Power 740 Express Power 750 Express Power 755 for high-performance computing (HPC) Power 770 Power 780 Power 795 2011 Power 775 also known as PERCS 2012 Flex System p260 Flex System p460 Flex System p24L (Linux only) 2014 Power Systems S812L Power Systems S822 and S822L Power Systems S814 Power Systems S824 and S824L Power Systems E870 Power Systems E880 2015 Power Systems E850 Power Systems S812L Power Systems S822LC IBM PowerVM provides the virtualisation solution for Power Systems servers. See also IBM BladeCenter PureSystems Linux on Power References External links Power Systems (Power Systems for UNIX, and Linux Clients) – IBM.com IBM Power Systems Redbooks It's Official: Now We're Power Systems and i for Business – ITjungle.com IBM: i + p = Power – Cnet.com Hardware, OS Get New Names--And That's a Good Thing – IBM Systems Magazine.com IBM IT Infrastructure web page IBM Systems Power Systems Magazine Category:IBM server computers Category:AS/400	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Q: jQuery Datatables server_side example not connected to front end I have implimented the example: http://www.datatables.net/examples/server_side/server_side.html only to discover that this example gets all data up front. even if you are paginating. This means that the pagination doesn't actually send any data to the server...so basically...the server_side example is incomplete. In other words, let's say I have 100 records with pagination enabled and I am using the server side example. All 100 records load and the backend queries are essentially never called because the UI for the table never sends any query parameters. I need to know what I'm missing to make this actually send the vars to the PHP. Perhaps somebody could show us a 'working' example? A: The parameters the client send to the server are here http://www.datatables.net/usage/server-side And you can find some scripts to handle the data on the server with different technologies here http://www.datatables.net/development/server-side/	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
#ifndef UV_HELPERS_H #define UV_HELPERS_H #define uv_fatal(e) { \ assert(0 != e); \ fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d - err:%s: %s\n", \ __FILE__, __LINE__, uv_err_name((e)), uv_strerror((e))); \ exit(1); } /** * Bind a listen socket * Abort if any failure. / void uv_bind_listen_socket(uv_tcp_t listen, const char* host, const int port, uv_loop_t* loop); #endif /* UV_HELPERS_H */	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Waun Rydd Waun Rydd is a mountain in the Brecon Beacons National Park, in southern Powys, Wales. Its height is 769m (2,523 ft) and it tops a large boggy plateau rising to the east of Pen y Fan. The hill takes the form of a plateau with sharp rims on several sides. To the northeast is Craig Pwllfa overlooking Cwm Banw whilst Craig y Fan looks east over Cwm Tarthwynni. To the south is the edge known as Cwar y Gigfran which translates into English as 'quarry of the crow'. It marks the top of a large landslipped area extending to the stream of Blaen y Glyn below. Several ridges extend north and east from the plateau. That known as Gist Wen runs north-northeast to the subsidiary top of Bryn (561m above sea level). The short ridges of Cefn Bach and Cefn Edmwnt run northeast whilst that of Twyn Du extends eastwards towards Talybont Reservoir. A further ridge runs southeast to the subsidiary top of Allt Lwyd (654m). To the south a broad ridge runs to a col beyond which is the top of Allt Forgan (513m). References External links Waun Rydd at hill-bagging.co.uk www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Waun Rydd and surrounding area Category:Brecon Beacons Category:Mountains and hills of Powys Category:Marilyns of Wales Category:Hewitts of Wales Category:Nuttalls	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Altruism and beyond by Stark O. Targeting the 1st and final years of LibaniusвЂ™ Antiochene profession (AD 354вЂ“388), this quantity illustrates his nice variety of his rhetorical abilities, whereas while illuminating the intrigues of urban politics and collage existence. The shorter speeches provide unprecedented insights into difficulties of sharply modern relevance вЂ“ teachersвЂ™ pay, scholar indiscipline and rioting, threats from the rival Latin curriculum, accusations incompetence, in addition to daily info of educational lifestyles. The place do political identities come from, how do they alter over the years, and what's their impression on political existence? This booklet explores those and similar questions in a globalizing international the place the country nation is being remodeled, definitions of citizenship are evolving in unparalleled methods, and people's pursuits and identities are taking up new neighborhood, nearby, transnational, cosmopolitan, or even imperial configurations. "Political historical past of America's Wars" is the 1st reference paintings to discover the legislative, social, and coverage features of America's significant wars, rebellions, and insurrections. This new quantity weaves jointly vital fundamental resource files, informative biographies, and in-depth essays to supply insurance of the political antecedents, occasions, and results of America's wars, from the yank Revolution to Operation Iraqi Freedom. During this finished biography of the fellow who led North Carolina during the Civil battle and, as a U. S. senator from 1878 to 1894, served because the state's best spokesman, Gordon McKinney provides Zebulon Baird Vance (1830-94) as a much more advanced determine than has been formerly well-known. Vance campaigned to maintain North Carolina within the Union, yet after Southern troops fired on castle Sumter, he joined the military and rose to the rank of colonel. Consumption and investment in human capital In every period t a generation is born. 4 Each member 3 4 This simplification is not essential for our results; we can allow for y~ to be somewhat sensitive to coupling with human capital. 2). For simplicity, there is no population growth. The qualitative nature of the analysis will not be affected by allowing nonzero population growth. 36 The timing of intergenerational transfers of generation t has a single parent in generation t À 1 and each parent of generation t À 1 has a single offspring in generation t. The model Consider an overlapping-generations economy in which economic activity is conducted over in®nite discrete time. In every period t, t 0Y 1Y 2Y XXXY the economy produces a single good in two sectors: a nonfarm sector in which the production technology requires ef®ciency units of labor, and a farm sector that uses land and physical units of labor in the production process. Production The nonfarm sector Production in the nonfarm sector occurs within a period according to a constant returns to scale production tech35 Altruism and beyond nology which is stationary across time. How will the distribution of corn be affected by such an increase? Put differently, what happens to consumption choices when the father becomes ``more loving''? Given the interdependence of the utility functions, the answer to this question is not obvious. We know that F , the relative weight the father attaches to the utility of his son, re¯ects the intensity of his altruism. We thus need to examine the sign of a change in the optimal ratio with respect to a change in F . 5). 1 shifts to the left so that, for example, more initial allocations result in con¯ict-free transfers from father to son.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Yet mind moves forward jadilog accordance with the law of movement, the law of dialectic mala,a are complicated with its continuous history. Imam books view quotes. He or she needs something, which is the reason why I said this kind of faith could not throw arbitrarily. Wildan 10 books view quotes. Ang 0 books view quotes. Apr 24, Mar 23, This book was given to him by Horensma. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Madilog is purely Maxilog nationalist perspective by way of being influenced by Hegelian dialecticsFeuerbach ‘s materialism, Marx’s views of scientific reasonand logical positivism. The Madilog by Iljas Hussein the malaia name of Tan Malakafirst published inofficial first editionis the magnum opus of Tan Malaka, the Indonesian national hero and is the most influential work in the history of modern Indonesian philosophy. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon. He also, under-estimating the North European climate, was infected by a pleuritis in earlywhich did not heal completely until in Open Preview See a Problem? Feb 28, At this point, Tan Malaka offers different kind of explanation than most Indonesian communists. Feb 21, The lack on out of itself is on the role of society on politics, economy, and social. Immediately the incomplete instruments would perfect and the more accurate method of thinking would gain. After the proclamation of malak independence of Madjloghe began to meet his people of his own and the younger generation. Yunita 2 books view quotes. Click here to sign up. There he wrote a proposal about grammar school. In Malaka’s opinion, Sabarudin’s was the only armed group that was really fighting the Dutch. Yuli 4 books view quotes. His political preference on communism could be the unnecessary and unimportant barrier for others in discussing and exploring his thought not only in the New Order Regime but also during the Reformation process since Helmi books view quotes. The police of the Kulangsu Gulangyu International Settlement, notified of Tan Malaka’s passage to Amoy, waited for him in the harbor with the intention of arresting him for extradition to the Dutch East Indies, but he managed to escape as the sympathetic captain and crew protected him, entrusting his safety to a ship inspector. Editions of Madilog by Tan Malaka ,alaka TjokroaminotoAgus SalimDarsono, and Semaun. Yudha 7 books view quotes. It means that Tan Malaka would like to say that there was over generalization on how the people implement the specific character or law but I do not think this kind of fault is wholly the same with primitive thought. Merajut Masyarakat dan Pendidikan Indonesia yang Sosialistis. National Heroes of Indonesia. Hence, Tan Malaka implicitly admits that there is any unspecific category in order to classify the non-unique substance which does not exist in the frame of space, sphere, and time. Seeing no progress, Malaka went to Singapore to meet Alimin and learned that Alimin and Muso had traveled to Moscow to seek help to carry out a revolt. He hoped to have a chance to argue his case under British law and possibly seek asylum in the United Kingdom, but after several months of interrogation and being moved between the “European” and the “Chinese” sections of the jail, it was decided that he would simply be exiled from Hong Kong without charges. Rethinking Tan Malaka’s Madilog Limapuluh KotoDutch East Indies. The work alternates between theoretical chapters describing Tan Malaka’s political beliefs and philosophy and more conventional autobiographical chapters that discuss various phases of his life. A month later, he had returned to health and participated in a meeting with fellow SI Semarang members. Malaka, Tan; Jarvis, Helen Want to Read saving…. The book is to be a new alternative to the usual Indonesian way of thinking and movement, of a people living on thousands of islandswith hundreds languages and cultureswith most believing in mystical logic Indonesian: I would like to say that Tan Malaka as a philosopher rather than politician, not only because he was failed as a politician — in order to gain the power because Soekarno is the one who was succeeded to take the power as president — but also he is success in explaining his philosophical thought through his magnum opus Madilog. Modern days show there are width ranges of issues which relates to the internal limits of science from methodological, ethical, morals, until the ontological problems. Thus, Tan Malaka separates matter into the one which inside and outside of the experience. So it is about the real, what can be seen, be listened, be tasted, be touched and be smell. One extreme argument could say that matter is all entities which could be touched, be smell, be tasted, and so on and so forth.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Craft Beer Passport 2016 edition kicks off June Toronto – The Craft Beer Passport returns June 2016 with new two iterations aimed at beer and brewery destinations in both Toronto’s West and East end. The $20 passport nets you a two dollar 12oz beer at all participating locations, chosen from a list of three. Passports can be purchased online or at any participating venue beginning in June, and are valid for six months. Join the Craft Beer Passport team on Wednesday, June 1, 2016 at Revival Bar in Toronto for its launch party. The free, market-style event will feature beer from Great Lakes, Rainhard, Beau’s, Nickel Brook, Collective Arts, Henderson, and Side Launch. For a full list of participating venues, click here.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Designing a webservice I am trying to design a web-service which is used for vehicle parking ticket generation. One of the APIs is 1. Input: Amount of money customer has deposited. 2. Output: Return the time till which his parking ticket is valid. e.g. Consider the parking rate is £1 per hour and if the input is £3 and if the current time is 11.30am then the web-service should return 2.30pm. Hope that makes sense. I was thinking about using RESTful service but I can not figure out what should be the resource. RESTful service does not sound like a good choice. Any suggestions? A: The resource could be just “parkingtickets”. The business action is to ‘create’ a parking ticket. It should be mapped to HTTP POST since the server is to create a resource (parking ticket). POST /parkingtickets/ Body: {amount: <amount>, starttime: <date-time>} Return: OK, and {ticketid: <id>, endtime: <data-time>} You can read more on the usage of HTTP verbs in here	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
/* Firefox Quantum userChrome.css tweaks ***********************************************/ / Github: https://github.com/aris-t2/customcssforfx **********************************/ /**************************************************************************************/ @import "./addonlists_compact.css"; #addons-page .addon{ padding: 0 4px !important; }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
--- abstract: 'In this study interest centers on regional differences in the response of housing prices to monetary policy shocks in the US. We address this issue by analyzing monthly home price data for metropolitan regions using a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model. Bayesian model estimation is based on Gibbs sampling with Normal-Gamma shrinkage priors for the autoregressive coefficients and factor loadings, while monetary policy shocks are identified using high-frequency surprises around policy announcements as external instruments. The empirical results indicate that monetary policy actions typically have sizeable and significant positive effects on regional housing prices, revealing differences in magnitude and duration. The largest effects are observed in regions located in states on both the East and West Coasts, notably California, Arizona and Florida.' author: - \| Manfred M. Fischer, Florian Huber, Michael Pfarrhofer and Petra Staufer-Steinnocher\ Vienna University of Economics and Business bibliography: - 'favar.bib' - 'mpShocks.bib' - 'additional.bib' date: - - title: 'The dynamic impact of monetary policy on regional housing prices in the US: Evidence based on factor-augmented vector autoregressions' --- --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Keywords: Regional housing prices, metropolitan regions, Bayesian estimation, high-frequency identification --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------- -------------------- JEL Codes: C11, C32, E52, R31 ---------------- -------------------- Introduction ============ This paper examines the impact of monetary policy on housing prices in the US.[^1] The literature on this relationship is fairly limited. Previous studies generally rely on two competing approaches. The first uses a structural model to analyze the relationship between monetary policy and housing prices (see, for example, [@MANC:MANC332; @ungerer2015monetary]). Such models impose a priori restrictions on the coefficients. The major strength of this model-based approach is to provide a theoretically grounded answer to the question of interest. Its potential shortcoming, however, is that the answer is only as good as the model is adequately representing the relationships in the real world. The second approach – labeled evidence-based – focuses more on the empirical evidence and relies less directly on economic theory. Researchers have commonly used vector autoregressive (VAR) models to measure the impact of monetary policy [see @Baffoe-Bonnie1998; @fratatoni2003monetary; @delnegro2007luftballons; @jarocinski2008house; @vargassilva2008monetary; @beltratti2010international; @ECTJ:ECTJ319]. Such models allow the data rather than the researcher to specify the dynamic structure of the model, and provide a plausible assessment of the response of macroeconomic variables to monetary policy shocks without the need of a complete structural model of the economy. In the tradition of the latter approach, this paper differs from previous literature both in terms of focus and methodology. With [@fratatoni2003monetary], we share the focus on regional differences in the response of housing prices, using metropolitan-level rather than state-level data.[^2] In terms of methodology, similar to [@vargassilva2008monetary] and in contrast to [@fratatoni2003monetary], we use a factor-augmented vector autoregressive (FAVAR) model to explore regional housing price responses to a national monetary policy shock.[^3] The effects are measured by considering idiosyncratic impulse responses of regions to the shock that is normalized to yield a 25 basis-points decline in the one-year government bond rate. Differently from [@vargassilva2008monetary] and [@ECTJ:ECTJ319], we employ a full Bayesian approach that is based on shrinkage priors for several parts of the parameter space. In particular, we make use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to estimate the model parameters and the latent factors simultaneously. A full Bayesian approach has the advantage of directly controlling for uncertainty surrounding the latent factors and the model parameters. We follow [@gertler2015monetary] to identify monetary policy shocks by using high-frequency surprises around policy announcements as external instruments. The paper provides a rich picture on how an expansionary monetary policy shock affects housing prices in 417 US metropolitan regions over a time horizon of 72 months after impact. The findings reveal regional housing price effects to vary substantially over space, with size and modest sign differences among the regions. Some few regions in Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi and West Virginia show no significant impact or even slightly negative cumulative responses. In most of the regions, however, the cumulative responses of housing prices are positive, in line with theory. This regional heterogeneity may have different reasons, with heterogeneous regional housing markets playing a major role. The largest positive effects are observed in states on both the East and West Coasts, notably in Miami-Fort Lauderdale in Florida and Riverside-Sun Bernardino-Ontario in California, but also in Las Vegas in Nevada. In general, housing impulse responses tend to be similar within states and adjacent regions in neighboring states, evidenced by a high degree of spatial autocorrelation. The remainder of the paper is structured as follows. The next section presents the FAVAR model along with the Bayesian approach for estimation. describes the data and the sample of regions, and outlines the model specification. The empirical results are discussed in , while the final section concludes. Econometric framework {#sec:framework} ===================== A factor-augmented vector autoregressive model ---------------------------------------------- The econometric approach employed in this study is a FAVAR model, as introduced in [@bernanke2005measuring]. In our implementation, we let $\bm{H}_t=(H_{1t},...,H_{Rt})'$ denote an $R \times 1$ vector of housing prices at time $t$ ($t = 1, \hdots, T$) across $R=417$ US regions. The model postulates that regional housing prices depend on a number of latent factors, monetary and macroeconomic national aggregates and region-specific shocks. Specifically, the measurement equation can be written as $$\begin{bmatrix} \bm{H}_t \\ \bm{M}_t \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix}[l] \bm{\Lambda}^F & \bm{\Lambda}^M \\ \bm{0}_{K \times S} & \bm{I}_K \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \bm{F}_t \\ \bm{M}_t \end{bmatrix} + \begin{bmatrix}[l] \bm{\epsilon} _t \\ \bm{0}_{K \times 1} \end{bmatrix}, \label{eq:main-struct}$$ where $\bm{F}_t=(F_{1t},...,F_{St})'$ is an $S \times 1$ vector of latent (unobservable) factors which capture co-movement at the regional level ($F_{rt}$, $r = 1, \hdots, R$, $t = 1, \hdots, T$). $\bm{M}_t=(M_{1t},...,M_{Kt})'$ is a $K \times 1$ vector of economic and monetary national aggregates that are treated as observable factors, and $\bm{\epsilon}_t$ ($t = 1, \hdots, T$) an $R \times 1 $ vector of normally distributed zero mean disturbances with an $R \times R$ variance-covariance matrix $\bm{\Sigma}_{\epsilon}=\text{diag}(\sigma_1^2, \dots, \sigma_R^2)$. These disturbances arise from measurement errors and special features that are specific to individual regional time series. $\bm{\Lambda}^F = (\lambda^{F}_{rs}:$ $r = 1, \hdots, R$; $s = 1, \hdots, S)$ is an $R \times S$ matrix of factor loadings with typical elements $\lambda^{F}_{rs}$, while $\bm{\Lambda}^M = (\lambda^{M}_{rk}:$ $r = 1, \hdots, R$; $k = 1, \hdots, K)$ a coefficient matrix of dimension $R \times K$ with typical elements $\lambda^{M}_{rk}$. The number of latent factors is much smaller than the number of regions, i.e. $S \ll R$. Note that the diagonal structure of $\bm{\Sigma}_\epsilon$ implies that any co-movement between the elements in $\bm{H}_t$ and $\bm{M}_t$ stems exclusively from the presence of the factors. The evolution of the factors $\bm{y}_t=(\bm{F}'_t, \bm{M}'_t)'$ is given by the state equation, governed by a VAR process of order $Q$, $$\bm{y}_t = \bm{A} \bm{x}_t + \bm{u}_t \label{eq: stateEQ},$$ with $\bm{x}_t=(\bm{y}'_{t-1}, \dots, \bm{y}'_{t-Q})'$ and the associated $(S+K)\times Q(S+K)$-dimensional coefficient matrix $\bm{A}$. Moreover, $\bm{u}_t$ is an $(S+K)$-dimensional vector of normally distributed shocks, with zero mean and variance covariance matrix $\bm{\Sigma}_u$. The parameters $\bm{\Lambda}^F$, $\bm{\Lambda}^{M}$ and $\bm{A}$ as well as the latent dynamic factors $\bm{F}_{t}$ are unkown and have to be estimated. To identify the model, we follow @bernanke2005measuring and assume that the upper $(S\times S)$-dimensional submatrix of $\bm{\Lambda}^F$ equals an identity matrix $\bm{I}_S$ while the first $S$ rows of $\bm{\Lambda}^{M}$ are set equal to zero. This identification strategy implies that the first $S$ elements in $\bm{H}_t$ are effectively the factors plus noise. A Bayesian approach to estimation --------------------------------- The model described above is highly parameterized, containing more parameters that can be reasonably estimated with the data at hand. In this study, we use a Bayesian estimation approach to incorporate knowledge about parameter values via prior distributions. Before proceeding with the prior setting employed it is convenient to stack the free elements of the factor loadings in an $L$-dimensional vector $\bm{\lambda}=\text{vec}[\bm{\Lambda}^F, \bm{\Lambda}^M]$ with $L=R (S+K)$, and the VAR coefficients in a $J$-dimensional vector $\bm{a}=\text{vec}(\bm{A})$ with $J=(S+K)^2 Q$. Prior distributions for the state equation {#prior-distributions-for-the-state-equation .unnumbered} ------------------------------------------ For the VAR coefficients $a_j$ ($j = 1,\hdots,J$) we impose the Normal-Gamma shrinkage prior proposed in @griffin2010inference [@griffin2016hierarchical], and subsequently applied in a VAR framework in @Huber2017, $$a_j\| \xi_a, \tau_{a j}^2 \sim \mathcal{N}\left(0, 2\ \xi_a^{-1} \tau^2_{a j}\right),$$ that is controlled by Gamma priors on $\tau^2_{a j}~(j = 1, \hdots, J)$ and $\xi_a$, $$\begin{aligned} \tau^2_{a j} \sim \mathcal{G}(\vartheta_a, \vartheta_a), \label{eq:tausq}\\ \xi_a \sim \mathcal{G}(d_0, d_1), \label{eq:xi_a}\end{aligned}$$ with hyperparameters $\vartheta_a$ and $d_0$, $d_1$ respectively. $\tau^2_{a j}$ operates as a local scaling and $\xi_a$ as a global shrinkage parameter. This hierarchical prior shows two convenient features. First, $\xi_a$ applies to all $J$ elements in $\bm{a}$. Higher values of $\xi_a$ yield stronger global shrinkage towards the origin whereas smaller values induce only little shrinkage. Second, the local scaling parameters $\tau^2_{a j}$ place sufficient prior mass of $a_j$ away from zero in the presence of strong overall shrinkage involved by large values for $\xi_a$. The hyperparameter $\vartheta_a$ in controls the excess kurtosis of the marginal prior, $$p(a_j \| \xi_a) = \int p(a_j\| \xi_a, \tau_{a j}^2 ) d\tau^2_{a j},$$ obtained after integrating over the local scales. Lower values of $\vartheta_a$ generally place increasing mass on zero, but at the same time lead to heavy tails, allowing for large deviations of $a_j$ from zero, if necessary. The hyperparameters $d_0$ and $d_1$ in are usually set to rather small values to induce heavy overall shrinkage [see @griffin2010inference for more details]. For the variance-covariance matrix $\bm{\Sigma}_u$ we use an inverted Wishart prior, $$\bm{\Sigma}_u \sim \mathcal{IW}(v, \bm{\ubar{\Sigma}}),$$ with $v$ denoting prior degrees of freedom, while $\bm{\ubar{\Sigma}}$ is a prior scaling matrix of dimension $(S+K)\times(S+K)$. Prior distributions for the observation equation {#prior-distributions-for-the-observation-equation .unnumbered} ------------------------------------------------ For the factor loadings $\lambda_{\ell}$ ($\ell = 1, \hdots, L$) we employ a Normal-Gamma prior similar to the one used for the VAR coefficients $a_j$ ($j = 1, \hdots, J$). The set-up follows @kastner with a single global shrinkage parameter $\xi_\lambda$ that applies to all free elements $\lambda_\ell$ in the factor loadings matrix. Specifically, we impose a hierarchical Gaussian prior on $\lambda_\ell$, $$\lambda_\ell\|\xi_\lambda, \tau^2_{\lambda \ell} \sim \mathcal{N}\left(0, 2\ \xi_\lambda^{-1} \tau^2_{\lambda \ell}\right)$$ that depends on Gamma priors for $\tau^2_{\lambda \ell}~(\ell = 1, \hdots, L)$ and $\xi_\lambda$, $$\begin{aligned} \tau^2_{\lambda\ell} \sim \mathcal{G}(\vartheta_\lambda, \vartheta_\lambda),\\ \xi_\lambda \sim \mathcal{G}(c_0, c_1).\end{aligned}$$ The hyperparameters $\vartheta_\lambda, c_0$ and $c_1$ control the tail behavior and overall degree of shrinkage of the prior. For the measurement error variances $\sigma^2_r~(r = 1,\hdots,R)$ we rely on a sequence of independent inverted Gamma priors, $$\sigma_r^2 \sim \mathcal{G}^{-1}(e_0, e_1),$$ where the hyperparameters $e_0$ and $e_1$ are typically set to small values to reduce prior influence on $\sigma^2_r$. Estimation of the model parameters and the latent factors is based on the MCMC algorithm described in . More specifically, we use Gibbs sampling to simulate a chain consisting of 20,000 draws, where we discard the first 10,000 draws as burn-in. It is worth noting that this algorithm shows fast mixing and satisfactory convergence properties. Data and model implementation {#sec:dataimplementation} ============================= Regions and Data ---------------- To explore regional differences in the impact of monetary policy on housing prices in the US, we need to define our notion of regions. Throughout the paper, we use $R = 417$ regions, a subsample of the 917 core-based statistical areas.[^4] These 417 regions include 264 metropolitan and 153 micropolitan statistical areas, briefly termed metropolitan regions in this paper. They have been selected based on the availability of the data over time. For the list of regions used, see . Our dataset consists of a panel of monthly time series ranging from 1997:04 to 2012:06. The $R \times 1$ vector of housing prices at time $t$ is constructed using the Zillow Home Value Index.[^5] In contrast to the FHFA (Federal Housing Finance Agency) Index and the Standard & Poor’s Case-Shiller Index, the Zillow Home Value Index does not use a repeat sales methodology, but statistical models along with information from sales assessments to generate valuations for all homes (single family residences, condominiums and co-operative homes) in any given region.[^6] These valuations are aggregated to determine the Zillow Home Value Index, measured in US dollars. An estimate for any given property is meant to indicate the fair value of a home sold as a conventional non-foreclosure, arms-length sale [@winkler2013]. We include $K = 7$ variables in the $K \times 1$ vector of observable national aggregates: three economic variables, namely housing investment (measured as the quantity of housing starts), the industrial production index and the consumer price index. The one-year government bond rate serves as policy indicator in line with @gertler2015monetary. In addition, three credit-spreads are included: the ten-year treasury minus the federal funds rate, the prime mortgage spread calculated over the ten-year government bonds and the @gilchrist2012credit excess bond premium.[^7] The economic variables capture housing, price and output movements. The mortgage spread is relevant to the cost of housing finance and the excess bond premium to the cost of long term credit in the business sector, while the term spread measures expectations on short-term interest rates [@gertler2015monetary]. All observable national aggregates are taken from the FRED database [@McCracken2016], with the exception of the excess bond premium and the mortgage spread that we obtained from the dataset provided in @gertler2015monetary. All data series are seasonally adjusted, if applicable, and transformed to be approximately stationary. Model implementation -------------------- For implementation of the FAVAR, we have to specify the order $Q$ of the VAR process and the number of latent factors, $S$. As is standard in the literature, we pick $Q = 2$ lags of the endogenous variables. To decide on the number of factors we use the deviance information criterion [@spiegelhalter2002bayesian] where the full data likelihood is obtained by running the Kalman filter and integrating out the latent states. This procedure yields $S=1$, a choice that is also consistent with traditional criteria (Bayesian information criterion or Kaiser criterion) to select the number of factors. Next and finally, a brief word on hyperparameter selection for the prior set-up. We specify $\vartheta_a = \vartheta_\lambda=0.1$, a choice that yields strong shrinkage but, at the same time, leads to heavy tails in the underlying marginal prior. Recent literature [@Huber2017] integrates out $\vartheta_a, \vartheta_\lambda$ and finds that, for US data, the posterior is centered on values between $0.10$ and $0.15$. The hyperparameters on the global shrinkage parameters are set equal to $c_0=c_1= d_0 =d_1 = 0.01$, a choice that is consistent with heavy shrinkage towards the origin representing a standard in the literature [@griffin2010inference]. The prior on $\bm{\Sigma}_u$ is specified to be weakly informative, i.e. $\nu= S+K+1$ and $\bm{\ubar{\Sigma}}= 10^{-2} \bm{I}_{S+K}$. Likewise, for the inverted Gamma prior on $\sigma_r^2~(r = 1, \hdots, R)$ we set $e_0=e_1=0.01$ to render the prior only weakly influential. Impulse response analysis {#sec:results} ========================= Structural identification of the model -------------------------------------- The high-frequency variant of the external instruments identification approach [@kuttner2001monetary; @gurkaynak2005sensitivity] employed in this paper is based on the surprises in the three-months-ahead futures rate that reflect expectations on interest rate movements further into the future, measured within a 30 minutes time window surrounding Federal Reserve announcements [@gertler2015monetary]. Note that in contrast to the Cholesky identification strategy, there is no need to impose zero restrictions. To implement the approach we follow @paul20017 and use high-frequency surprises as a proxy for the structural monetary policy shock. This is achived by integrating the surprises into as an exogenous variable ${z}_t$, $$\bm{y}_t = \bm{A} \bm{x}_t + \bm{\zeta} {z}_t+ \bm{u}_t.$$ Hereby $\bm{\zeta}$ is a $Q(S+K)$-dimensional vector of regression coefficients that collects the impulses of the shocks. @paul20017 shows that under mild conditions, the contemporaneous relative impulse responses can be estimated consistently.[^8] Note that the contemporaneous response of $\bm{y}_t$ to changes in $z_t$ is given by $\bm{\zeta}$. Higher order responses are defined recursively by exploiting the state space representation of the VAR model in . Impulse responses of macroeconomic quantities --------------------------------------------- We first consider the dynamic responses of the endogenous variables included in the $K \times 1$ vector $\bm{M}_t~(t = 1, \hdots, T)$ to illustrate that the results of the model are consistent with established findings in the literature. An expansionary monetary policy shock is modeled by taking the one-year government bond rate as the relevant policy indicator, rather than the federal funds rate that is commonly used in the literature based on arguments presented in @gertler2015monetary.[^9] Normalization is achieved by assuming that a monetary policy shock yields a 25 basis-points decrease in the policy indicator. [.329]{} \[fig:ip\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](logip.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:houst\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](HOUST.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:cpi\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](logcpi.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} \ [.329]{} \[fig:t10yty\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](gs1.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:termspread\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](T10YFFM.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:mortgage\_spread\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](mortg_spread_m.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} \ [.329]{} \[fig:ebp\] ![[]{data-label="fig:IRF_macro"}](ebp.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} \ \[fig:IRF\_macro\] depicts the impulse response functions of the endogenous variables. All plots include the median response (in blue) for 72 months after impact along with 68 percent posterior coverage intervals reflecting posterior uncertainty. An unanticipated decrease in the government bond rate by 25 basis-points causes a significant increase in real activity, with industrial production, housing investment and consumer prices all increasing over the next months after the impact. From a quantitative standpoint, the effects of the monetary shock on industrial production and consumer price index are considerably larger than the impact on housing investment, although uncertainty surrounding the size of impacts is large, and posterior coverage intervals include zero during the first months after impact. Housing investment shows a reaction similar in shape to real activity measured in terms of the industrial production index, suggesting a positive relationship between expansionary monetary policy and housing investment at the national level. Turning to the responses of financial market indicators, it should be noted that the one-year government bond rate falls by 25 basis-points on impact by construction, then increases significantly before it turns non-significant after about nine months. The term spread reacts adversely on impact, and we find significant deviations from zero that die out after about 16 months. This result points towards an imperfect pass-through of monetary policy on long-term rates, implying that long-term yields display a weaker decline as compared to short-term rates. The prime mortgage spread does not show a significant effect on impact, while responses between ten to 20 months ahead indicate a slightly negative overall reaction to expansionary monetary policy. Consistent with @gilchrist2012credit, one implication of this finding is that movements in key short-term interest rates tend to impact credit markets, with mortage spreads showing a tendency to decline. The responses of the excess bond premium almost perfectly mirror the reaction of the mortgage spread. The effects, however, are much larger from a quantitative point of view. To sum up, the results obtained by the impulse response analysis provide empirical support that monetary policy shocks, identified by using high-frequency surprises around policy announcements as external instruments, generate impulse responses of the endogenous variables that are consistent with the findings by @gertler2015monetary. The dynamic factor and its loadings ----------------------------------- Before moving to the impulse responses of regional housing markets to a monetary policy shock, we briefly consider the estimated latent factor as well as its loadings, with two aims in mind: first, to provide a rough intuition on how the latent factor captures co-movement in regional house price variations, and second, to give indication of the relative importance of individual regions shaping the evolution of the common factor. \[fig:dynamic-factor\] shows the evolution of the negative latent factor (in solid red) and provides evidence that the common factor co-moves with the average growth rate of housing prices (in solid blue, calculated using the arithmetic mean of the individual regional housing prices) nearly perfectly. The figure illustrates that during the 2001 recession, housing price declines have been mild, while being substantial during the Great Recession, with large variations across space. It is worth noting that home prices fell the most during the late 2000s in regions with the largest declines in economic activity [@beraja2017]. ![](Figuresfactor_ts_2.pdf) While provides intuition on the shape of the latent housing factor, the question on how individual regions are linked to it still needs to be addressed. For this purpose, reports the posterior mean of the region-specific factor loadings in form of a geographic map in which thinner lines denote the boundaries of the regions, while thicker lines signify US state boundaries. Visualization is based on a classification scheme with equal-interval breaks. We see that the great majority of regions exhibit negative loadings, and only 22 regions show positive values. Eighty regions have zero loadings or loadings where the 16th and 84th credible sets (68 percent posterior coverage) of the respective posterior distributions include zero. The pattern of factor loadings, evidenced by the map, indicates that the latent factor is largely driven by regions located in California, Arizona and Florida. Regions in the rest of the country, with loadings being either small in absolute terms or not significantly different from zero, tend to play only a minor role in shaping national housing prices. Impulse responses of housing prices ----------------------------------- \[fig:irf-factor\] displays the impulse response function of the latent factor over 72 months after impact to an expansionary monetary policy shock. The latent factor reacts positively after the shock; however, the posterior coverage interval includes zero for the first few months. This is consistent with economic theory which suggests that as the costs of financing a home purchase decrease, the demand for housing increases and as a result, real housing prices increase. ![](factor2.pdf){width=".329\textwidth"} Housing price responses, cumulated over the time horizon of six years, are displayed in .[^10] The results are presented in form of a geographic map with a classification scheme that generates class breaks in standard deviation measures (SD $= 2.98$) above and below the mean of $3.43$. Again thinner lines denote the boundaries of the metropolitan regions and thicker lines those of US states. Five points are worth noting here. First, cumulative regional housing price effects vary substantially over space, with size and modest sign differences among the regions. Some few regions in Utah, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Mississippi and West Virginia, but also in Louisiana and North Carolina show no significant impact or even negative cumulative responses. In more than 97 percent of the regions, however, the cumulative response of housing prices is positive. Second, this heterogeneity may be due to varying sensitivity of housing to interest rates across space, and regional differences in housing markets, such as supply and demand elasticities [@fratatoni2003monetary]. For example, supply elasticities are relatively low on the East and West Coasts, but higher in the South and Southwest parts of the US. Third, the largest cumulative effects can be observed in states on both the East and West Coasts, notably Riverside, Madera, Merced and Bakersfield in California, Miami-Fort Lauderdale and Key West in Florida, but also Las Vegas and Fernley in Nevada. These regions, expecially those in California, seem to play an important role in shaping the movement of the US housing price following a monetary shock. Fourth, the regions in the East North Central states (as defined by the Census Bureau), but also in Georgia and Massachusetts have cumulative home price responses that resemble the mean response of the US regions within a 0.5 standard deviation band from the mean. Prominent examples include Atlanta ($2.97$), Boston ($3.76$) and Chicago ($3.88$). Fifth and finally, cumulative responses tend to be similar within states and adjacent regions in neighboring states. Looking at the map, this spatial autocorrelation phenomenon becomes particularly evident in the case of the Californian regions. This is most likely due to the importance of new house construction industries in California, along with the spatial influence the Californian housing market has on regions in neighboring states, especially Nevada and Arizona. For reasons of space limits we cannot present the 417 impulse response functions of the individual metropolitan regions, but report those of six regions in . We pick these regions to show examples for metropolitan regions with larger positive cumulative responses (Riverside and Miami-Fort Lauderdale) and those with negative cumulative responses (Salt Lake City and Hickory). Recall that there are only eleven regions belonging to this latter category. For comparison, we also display the impulse response function of two regions that closely resemble the mean response of US regions (Chicago and Boston). Again, the solid blue line denotes the median response and the shaded areas (in light blue) the 68th posterior coverage intervals. [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select5\] ![](Riverside.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select7\] ![](SaltLakeCity.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select2\] ![](Chicago.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} \ [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select6\] ![](Miami-FortLauderdale.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select8\] ![](Hickory.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} [.329]{} \[fig:irf\_select1\] ![](Boston.pdf "fig:"){width="\textwidth"} \[fig:IRF\_selected\] reveals profound differences in dynamic responses between the three regional categories, especially in shape and duration of effects. The differences within the categories tend to be rather small. In case of the first category, represented by the metropolitan regions Riverside and Miami-Fort Lauderdale, an expansionary monetary policy shock generates a significant increase of housing prices. This level remains stable and significant in the short-run, before fading away after approximately three years. The charts of Salt Lake City and Hickory, examples of the second regional category, show the housing price responses to fall strongly immediately, and these effects remain significantly negative for less than one year after impact. The response pattern of housing prices in Chicago and Boston is different. The effects are small in size, and hardly different from zero, with the exception of weakly significant effects between the third and fourth year after impact. Closing remarks =============== This paper has examined the relationship between monetary policy and the US housing market, focusing on monetary policy shocks. The analysis is based on a Bayesian FAVAR model where monetary policy shocks are identified using high-frequency surprises around policy announcements as external instruments. Bayesian model estimation uses Gibbs sampling with Normal-Gamma shrinkage priors for both the autoregressive coefficients and factor loadings, relying on a panel of monthly time series for a set of 417 regions that range from 1997:04 to 2012:06. The main findings of our analysis can be summarized as follows. The results provide empirical evidence that metropolitan regions react differently to an expansionary monetary policy shock, revealing magnitude and duration differences, and pointing to some modest sign differences, in additon. The extent and nature of regional heterogeneity are consistent with @fratatoni2003monetary who report impulse responses for house prices in 27 US metropolitan regions. Since our sample of regions covers the whole US (except Alaska, Maine, South Dakota and Wyoming) rather than only 16 US states, we find considerably greater regional heterogeneity in the results. In line with theory, the great majority of regions exhibit positive home price responses. The largest positive effects, cumulated over the time horizon of six years, can be observed in regions located in states on both the East and West Coasts, notably California, Arizona and Florida, and in Nevada. Impulse responses of regions tend to be similar within states and adjacent regions in neighboring states, evidenced by a high degree of spatial dependence among the impulse responses, as measured in terms of Moran’s I statistic. Finally, it is worth noting that our analysis is confined to a linear setting, implying the underlying transmission mechanism to be constant over time. This assumption simplifies the analysis, but may be overly simplistic in turbulent economic times such as the collapse of the housing market around the Great Recesssion. Hence, an extension of the linear setting to allow for non-linearities – in the spirit of @huber2018 – might be a promising avenue for future research. The MCMC algorithm {#app:mcmc} ================== We estimate the model by running an MCMC algorithm. The full conditional posterior distributions are available in closed form implying that we can apply Gibbs sampling to obtain draws from the joint posterior distribution. More specifically, our MCMC algorithm involves the following steps: 1. Simulate the VAR coefficients $a_j~(j = 1,\hdots,J)$ conditional on the factors and remaining model parameters from a multivariate Gaussian distribution that takes a standard form [see, for instance, @george2008bayesian for further information]. 2. Simulate the latent factors $\bm{F}_t~(t = 1, \hdots, T)$ by using forward filtering backward sampling [@carter1994gibbs; @fruhwirth1994data]. 3. The error variance-covariance matrix $\bm{\Sigma}_u$ is simulated from an inverted Wishart posterior distribution with degrees of freedom equal to $\nu = v + T$ and scaling matrix equal to $\bm{P}=\sum_{t=1}^T (\bm{y}_t-\bm{A} \bm{x}_t)'(\bm{y}_t-\bm{A} \bm{x}_t) + \bm{\ubar{\Sigma}}$. 4. Simulate the factor loadings $\lambda_\ell~(\ell = 1, \hdots, L)$ from Gaussian posteriors (conditioned on the remaining parameters and the latent factors) by running a sequence of $(R-S)$ unrelated regression models. 5. The measurement error variances $\sigma_r^2$ for $r = S+1, \dots, R$ are simulated independently from an inverse Gamma distribution $\sigma_r^2\| \Xi \sim \mathcal{G}^{-1}(\alpha_r, \beta_r)$ with $\alpha_r = \frac{1}{2} T + e_0$ and $\beta_r = \frac{1}{2} \sum_{t=1}^T (H_{rt} - \bm{\Lambda}^F_{r \bullet} \bm{F}_t - \bm{\Lambda}^M_{r \bullet} \bm{M}_t)^2+e_1$. The notation $\bm{\Lambda}^F_{r \bullet}$ indicates that the $r$th row of the matrix concerned is selected and $\Xi$ stands for conditioning on the remaining parameters and the data. 6. Simulate $\tau^2_{a j}~(j=1,\dots,J)$ from a generalized inverted Gaussian distributed posterior distribution with $$\tau^2_{a j}\|\Xi \sim \mathcal{GIG}\left(\vartheta_a - \frac{1}{2}, a_j^2, \vartheta_a \xi_a\right).$$ 7. Draw $\xi_a$ from a Gamma distributed posterior given by $$\xi_a\|\Xi \sim \mathcal{G}\left(c_0 + \vartheta_a J, c_1 + \frac{1}{2} \vartheta_a \sum_{\ell=1}^L \tau^2_{a \ell}\right).$$ 8. Simulate the posterior of $\tau^2_{\lambda \ell}~(\ell=1,\dots,L)$ from a generalized inverted Gaussian distribution, $$\tau^2_{\lambda \ell}\|\Xi \sim \mathcal{GIG}\left(\vartheta_\lambda-\frac{1}{2}, \lambda_\ell^2, \vartheta_\lambda \xi_\lambda\right).$$ 9. Finally, the global shrinkage parameter $\xi_\lambda$ associated with the prior on the factor loadings is simulated from a Gamma distribution, $$\xi_\lambda\|\Xi \sim \mathcal{G}\left(d_0 +\vartheta_\lambda L, d_1 + \frac{1}{2}\vartheta_\lambda \sum_{\ell=1}^L \tau^2_{\lambda \ell}\right).$$ Steps described above are iterated for 20,000 cycles, where we discard the first 10,000 draws as burn-in. Regions used in the study {#app:regions} ========================= Regions in this study are defined as core-based statistical areas (CBSA) that – by definition of the United States Office of Management and Budget – are based on the concept of a core area of at least 10,000 population, plus adjacent counties having at least 25 percent of employed residents of the county who work in the core area. Core-based statistical areas may be categorized as being either metropolitan or micropolitan. The 917 core-based statistical areas include 381 metropolitan statistical areas which have an urban core population of at least 50,000, and 536 micropolitan statistical areas which have an urban core population of at least 10,000 but less than 50,000. In this study we use 264 metropolitan and 153 micropolitan statistical areas, due to limited availability of data. These 417 regions, briefly termed metropolitan regions in this paper, represent all US states except Alaska, Maine, South Dakota and Wyoming. [p[.2]{} p[.75]{}]{} \ State & Region\ &\ Alabama & Birmingham, Daphne, Mobile, Montgomery, Tuscaloosa\ Arizona & Flagstaff, Lake Havasu City, Phoenix, Prescott, Sierra Vista, Tucson, Yuma\ Arkansas & Fayetteville, Fort Smith, Hot Springs, Jonesboro, Little Rock\ California & Bakersfield, Chico, El Centro, Fresno, Hanford, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, Madera, Merced, Modesto, Napa, Redding, Riverside, Sacramento, Salinas, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz, Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, Santa Rosa, Stockton, Vallejo, Ventura, Visalia, Yuba City\ Colorado & Boulder, Colorado Springs, Denver, Fort Collins, Grand Junction, Greeley, Pueblo\ Connecticut & Hartford, New Haven, New London, Stamford\ Delaware & Dover\ District of Columbia & Washington\ Florida & Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, Daytona Beach, Fort Myers, Gainesville, Homosassa Springs, Jacksonville, Lakeland, Melbourne, Miami-Fort Lauderdale, Naples, North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, Ocala, Orlando, Panama City, Pensacola, Port St. Lucie, Punta Gorda, Sebring, Tallahassee, Tampa, The Villages, Vero Beach\ Georgia & Albany, Athens, Atlanta, Augusta, Columbus, Dalton, Gainesville, Hinesville, Macon, Savannah, Valdosta, Warner Robins\ Hawaii & Kahului, Urban Honolulu\ Idaho & Boise City, Idaho Falls, Lewiston\ Illinois & Bloomington, Chicago, Davenport, Kankakee, Springfield\ Indiana & Bloomington, Elkhart, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Lafayette-West Lafayette, Muncie, South Bend, Terre Haute\ Iowa & Des Moines\ Kansas & Lawrence\ Kentucky & Lexington, Louisville-Jefferson County\ Louisiana & Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Houma, Lafayette, Lake Charles\ Nebraska & Grand Island, Lincoln, Omaha\ Nevada & Las Vegas, Reno\ New Hampshire & Manchester\ New Jersey & Ocean City, Trenton, Vineland\ New Mexico & Albuquerque, Las Cruces, Santa Fe\ New York & Albany, Binghamton, Elmira, Glens Falls, Ithaca, Kingston, New York, Rochester, Syracuse, Watertown\ North Carolina & Asheville, Burlington, Charlotte, Durham, Fayetteville, Greensboro, Hickory, Raleigh, Rocky Mount, Wilmington, Winston-Salem\ North Dakota & Fargo\ Ohio & Akron, Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, Lima, Springfield, Toledo, Youngstown\ Oklahoma & Oklahoma City, Tulsa\ Oregon & Albany, Bend, Corvallis, Eugene, Grants Pass, Medford, Portland, Salem\ Maryland & Baltimore, California-Lexington Park, Cumberland, Hagerstown, Salisbury\ Massachusetts & Boston, Cape Cod, Pittsfield, Springfield, Worcester\ Michigan & Ann Arbor, Battle Creek, Bay City, Grand Rapids, Jackson, Lansing, Midland, Monroe, Muskegon, Saginaw\ Minnesota & Mankato, Minneapolis-St Paul, Rochester\ Mississippi & Hattiesburg, Jackson\ Missouri & Columbia, Joplin, Springfield, St. Louis\ Pennsylvania & Allentown, Altoona, Erie, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Scranton, State College, York\ Rhode Island & Providence\ South Carolina & Columbia, Florence, Greenville, Hilton Head Island, Myrtle Beach, Spartanburg\ Tennessee & Chattanooga, Clarksville, Cleveland, Jackson, Johnson City, Kingsport, Knoxville, Nashville\ Texas & Amarillo, Brownsville, College Station, Dallas-Fort Worth, El Paso, Killeen, Laredo, Midland, Texarkana\ Utah & Ogden, Provo, Salt Lake City, St. George\ Virginia & Charlottesville, Harrisonburg, Richmond, Roanoke, Staunton, Virginia Beach, Winchester\ Washington & Bellingham, Kennewick, Longview, Olympia, Seattle, Spokane, Walla Walla, Yakima\ West Virginia & Charleston\ Wisconsin & Appleton, Eau Claire, Fond du Lac, Janesville, La Crosse, Madison, Oshkosh, Racine\ [p[.2]{} p[.75]{}]{} \ State & Region\ &\ Arizona & Nogales, Payson, Safford\ Arkansas & Batesville, Harrison, Paragould, Russellville, Searcy\ California & Clearlake, Eureka, Red Bluff, Susanville, Truckee\ Colorado & Durango, Glenwood Springs, Montrose, Sterling\ Connecticut & Torrington\ Florida & Clewiston, Key West, Lake City, Okeechobee, Palatka\ Georgia & Bainbridge, Calhoun, Cedartown, Dublin, Jesup, Moultrie, St. Marys, Thomaston, Tifton, Vidalia, Waycross\ Hawaii & Hilo\ Idaho & Burley\ Illinois & Effingham, Jacksonville\ Indiana & Angola, Auburn, Bedford, Connersville, Crawfordsville, Decatur, Frankfort, Greensburg, Huntington, Jasper, Kendallville, Logansport, Madison, Marion, New Castle, North Vernon, Peru, Plymouth, Richmond, Seymour, Vincennes, Wabash, Warsaw, Washington\ Kansas & Garden City\ Kentucky & Danville, Murray\ Louisiana & Opelousas\ Nebraska & North Platte\ Nevada & Elko, Fernley, Gardnerville Ranchos\ New Hampshire & Concord, Keene, Laconia\ New York & Amsterdam, Batavia, Corning, Cortland, Gloversville, Hudson, Olean, Oneonta, Plattsburgh, Seneca Falls\ North Carolina & Albemarle, Morehead City, Sanford, Wilson\ Ohio & Ashtabula, Coshocton, Defiance, Findlay, Jackson, New Philadelphia, Portsmouth, Sandusky, Urbana, Wooster\ Oklahoma & Ardmore, Bartlesville, Duncan, Durant, Enid, McAlester, Tahlequah\ Oregon & Coos Bay, Hermiston-Pendleton, Klamath Falls, Ontario, Roseburg, The Dalles\ Maryland & Cambridge, Easton\ Massachusetts & Greenfield Town, Vineyard Haven\ Michigan & Adrian, Hillsdale, Holland, Ionia, Ludington, Owosso\ Minnesota & Owatonna, Willmar, Winona\ Mississippi & Cleveland, Columbus, Corinth, Grenada, Laurel, Oxford, Picayune, Tupelo, Vicksburg\ Missouri & Mexico\ Pennsylvania & Indiana, Lock Haven, Oil City, Pottsville\ South Carolina & Orangeburg\ Tennessee & Cookeville, Lawrenceburg, Lewisburg, Martin, Paris, Sevierville, Shelbyville, Tullahoma\ Virginia & Danville, Martinsville\ Washington & Oak Harbor, Port Angeles, Shelton\ Wisconsin & Baraboo, Marinette, Whitewater\ Robustness check {#app:robustness} ================ To assess the sensitivity of our results with respect to identification of the monetary policy shock, we use an alternative strategy based on contemporaneous sign restrictions [see @uhlig2005effects; @DEDOLA2007512]. Technical implementation is achieved by using the algorithm proposed in @arias2014inference that collapses to the procedure outlined in @rubio2010structural in the absence of zero restrictions. For each iteration of the MCMC algorithm we draw a rotation matrix and assess whether the following set of sign restrictions is satisfied. Consistent with economic common sense, output (measured in terms of the industrial production index), housing investment (measured in terms of housing starts) and consumer prices (measured in terms of the consumer price index) are bound to increase on impact. Moreover, we assume that the term-spread also widens on impact. Finally, consistent with the normalization adopted when using external instruments, we assume that the one-year yield declines. If this is the case, we keep the rotation matrix and store the associated structural coefficients, while if the sign restrictions are not met, we reject the draw and repeat the procedure. The results are displayed in form of a geographic map with a classification scheme that generates class breaks in standard deviation measures above and below the mean, see . A comparison with provides evidence of the robustness of our results. [^1]: Housing is defined here to include family residences, condominiums and co-operative homes. [^2]: Their empirical analysis uses a small set of 27 US regions to analyze the effects of monetary policy, based on quarterly data from 1986 to 1996. Aside from this study, metropolitan-level housing data have not been explored very much. [^3]: For the definition of our notion of region and the list of regions used, see . [^4]: A core-based statistical area is a US geographic area – defined by the Office of Management and Budget – that consists of one or more counties anchored by an urban center of at least 10,000 people plus adjacent counties that are socioeconomically tied to the urban center. The term core-based statistical area refers collectively to both metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. [^5]: The Zillow Home Value Index has the benefit of a broad coverage of the large set of core-based statistical areas. The set of data we use in our study is available for download at <https://www.zillow.com/research/data/>. [^6]: For more information on the proprietary valuation model used by Zillow to estimate the market value of a home, see @bruce2014zillow. [^7]: The excess bond premium may roughly be seen as the component of the spread between an index of yields on corporate fixed income securities and a similar maturity government bond rate that is left after removing the component due to default risk [@gertler2015monetary]. @gilchrist2012credit show that this variable provides a convenient summary of additional information not included in the FAVAR that may be relevant to economic activity. [^8]: Relative impulse responses are obtained by normalizing the absolute impulse responses, i.e. the change in $\bm{y}_{t+h}$ to a change in $z_t$, by the contemporaneous response of some element in $\bm{y}_{t}$. [^9]: @gertler2015monetary have shown that the one-year bond rate has a much stronger impact on market interests than the funds rate does. [^10]: The quantitative and qualitative nature of the results is robust to an alternative identification scheme, in which sign restrictions have been employed (for the results see \[app:robustness\]).	{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }
package org.aisen.weibo.sina.sinasdk.bean; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Users implements Serializable { private static final long serialVersionUID = 7267744057748550572L; private List<WeiBoUser> users; public Users() { users = new ArrayList<WeiBoUser>(); } public Users(List<WeiBoUser> users) { this.users = users; } public List<WeiBoUser> getUsers() { return users; } public void setUsers(List<WeiBoUser> users) { this.users = users; } }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
The report that analysed 289 ongoing cases—an estimated 25-40% of active and substantive land conflicts in the country—was prepared by Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), a global coalition of non-profit organizations, and Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS). “Land conflicts are impacting communities across the country, threatening their lives and livelihoods. At the same time they impact development and infrastructure projects," said Geetanjoy Sahu, a professor at TISS and one of the authors of the report. Instances where land conflicts have led to the stalling of projects include Vedanta’s Group’s bauxite mining project in Odisha’s Niyamgiri Hills and Posco’s $12 billion Odisha steel project. “A part of the solution to many of these conflicts already exists in the statutes of the Forest Rights Act (FRA) and the Panchayati Raj Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA). The only way to ensure India’s continued development will be to effectively implement these laws and remove the anomalies in property rights regimes," Sahu said. Another study, Land Disputes and Stalled Investments in India, also released on Wednesday, found that 5,780, or 14%, of the more than 40,000 projects announced between January 2000 and October 2016 were stalled due to land acquisition conflicts. The study was prepared by RRI and the Indian School of Business (ISB). “Power projects were more likely to be stalled, followed by the cement, steel and mining sectors," said the report, which used data from the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE)’s CapEx database to analyse the causes and spatial distribution of stalled investment projects in India. The report also indicated that many of the land disputes related to stalled projects are linked to perceived environmental impacts of these projects and almost 80% of land conflicts arise out of development and industrialization processes with infrastructure being the single-largest cause. “While less than 15% of the country’s districts are affected by Left Wing Extremism (Maoist insurgency), they comprise 26% of all ongoing land conflicts and 32% of land-conflict-affected population," the report said. In the case of private land, perceptions of unfair or low compensation were found to drive many disputes. “If investors are looking at their bottom line, the cost of delays and stalled investments often far outweighs the cost of paying farmers and land owners a fair compensation for their land. Investors, financial institutions and regulators must incorporate land tenure risks, including those arising from common lands, in their project and investment risk analysis portfolios—if they don’t, they risk losing big," said Arvind Khare, board chair of the International Land and Forest Tenure Facility. The research also found the CapEx database, intended as a planning tool for businesses, financial companies and governments, to be grossly underestimating the risk associated with land-related disputes. “Looking at a sub-sample of 80 high-value stalled projects, the researchers found more than one quarter of the projects and investments are at risk due to land related disputes, which is 300% higher than the CapEx estimate. The value of the projects at risk due to land related disputes examined in the sub-sample exceeded Rs1.9 trillion ($29 billion)," the report stressed. One of the main findings of both the reports is that disputes over common lands—on which communities depend for farming, fishing, livestock rearing, salt manufacturing and grazing, and which are often sources of cultural and spiritual well-being—are more frequent than expected. “These disputes pose as large a risk to investments as do disputes over private lands, with 32% of the land conflicts identified involving only common lands, and another 42% involving both common and private lands," the report said. “Protests over common lands have historically been left out of the mainstream policy discourse around stalled and delayed investments in India, despite their importance. These oft-contested landscapes have competing claims from communities and government, leading to conflicts when these lands are diverted for industrialization or infrastructure development. The status quo is not sustainable—neither for the affected communities nor for potential investors," said Ashwini Chhatre, a senior research fellow at the Bharti Institute of Public Policy and a professor at ISB. In India, the FRA and the PESA mandate that the free, prior and informed consent of communities is obtained in case of diversion of forest lands and in case of acquisition of any land (private or common) in the scheduled areas. But in practice, implementation and enforcement of FRA and PESA has been slow and, in many cases, being obstructed. “To sustain and expand India’s socioeconomic development, the Government must provide India’s tribal and rural communities with the protections they are entitled to under our Constitution by vigorously enforcing the provisions of existing laws like the right to free, prior, and informed consent. But beyond that, they must also adopt new laws providing greater clarity for customary rights on common lands," added Kundan Kumar, Asia programme director at RRI. Subscribe to Mint Newsletters * Enter a valid email * Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter. Share Via	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
The physician checks several health measurements, such as temperature and blood pressure, during a check-up. The routine lets the doctor know if something is wrong with your body. Douglas Goodin, associate professor of geography at Kansas State University, is doing the same thing for the Kansas prairie to keep an eye on its condition. Goodin's research takes a bird's eye look at the dynamic changes that happen to the vegetative cover of the earth's surface. The study of the present will also help scientists predict the future of complex plant ecosystems. "We want to come up with a series of easily-interpreted indices that can tell us if something is wrong or if something is different. We want an ecological forecast, like a weather forecast, and then we can come up with ways of determining when we are deviating from what we expected," Goodin said. Many studies look at plant cover on a small scale, but Goodin takes a broader perspective -- the kind you get from looking at the earth from a satellite 750 kilometers out in space. He also uses aircraft and hand-held devices to monitor the prairie's health. The scale of the areas he analyzes ranges from a watershed in the prairie to the entire Flint Hills. The plant cover, which in geographic terms extends from the top of the trees to a foot below the ground, is a happening place, and Goodin believes it is far more important than people think. Energy is moving and shaking here. Things like rain, human activity and the burning of the grasslands affect more than just prairie vegetation. These alterations of the surface can even affect weather by changing the amount of heat and moisture entering the atmosphere. They might even influence the formation of thunderstorms. Goodin analyzes patterns of change in vegetation over time, such as how plants change in lightness and darkness. He is developing a library of patterns of the contrast between patches of vegetation and the size of those patches. "If you go out and look at the prairie, it's not just a sheet of green. It has a mottled look to it. We're looking at the mottling in terms of the health of the prairie and what causes it. We think the change in patchiness is a signature of the grassland's condition," Goodin said. "We found a pattern of change over time and we found that the patterns are not random. There is a structure to it." The research has practical use, Goodin said. Kansas' economy depends on its land, and Goodin hopes to create tools to allow people to understand its condition. He envisions using the research in the early detection of bioterrorist attacks on agriculture. Though Goodin is focusing on the tallgrass prairie, the results of the project could be applied to other ecosystems with some tinkering, Goodin said. "The prediction business is a really new thing. The term 'ecological forecasting' has only been in use for a few years," Goodin said. "We would like to say that if the earth's temperature goes up 5 degrees, we know what would happen to the prairie. But there's not enough information now to say."	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Virginia Hospital Center web site filled with relevant information. The web site of Virginia Hospital Center, Arlington, Va., provides a preview of the facility's 150 million dollars hospital grand opening along with a wide range of healthcare conditions and services.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Time interval between endometrial biopsy and surgical staging for type I endometrial cancer: association between tumor characteristics and survival outcome. To examine whether wait time between endometrial biopsy and surgical staging correlates with tumor characteristics and affects survival outcomes in patients with type I endometrial cancer. A retrospective study was conducted to examine patients with grade 1 and 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma diagnosed by preoperative endometrial biopsy who subsequently underwent hysterectomy-based surgical staging between 2000 and 2013. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal treatment were excluded. Time interval and grade change between endometrial biopsy and hysterectomy were correlated to demographics and survival outcomes. Median wait time was 57 days (range 1-177 days) among 435 patients. Upgrading of the tumor to grade 3 in the hysterectomy specimen was seen in 4.7% of 321 tumors classified as grade 1 and 18.4% of 114 tumors classified as grade 2 on the endometrial biopsy, respectively. Wait time was not associated with grade change (P>.05). Controlling for age, ethnicity, body habitus, medical comorbidities, CA 125 level, and stage, multivariable analysis revealed that wait time was not associated with survival outcomes (5-year overall survival rates, wait time 1-14, 15-42, 43-84, and 85 days or more; 62.5%, 93.6%, 95.2%, and 100%, respectively, P>.05); however, grade 1 to 3 on the hysterectomy specimen remained as an independent prognosticator associated with decreased survival (5-year overall survival rates, grade 1 to 3 compared with grade change 1 to 1, 82.1% compared with 98.5%, P=.01). Among grade 1 preoperative biopsies, grade 1 to 3 was significantly associated with nonobesity (P=.039) and advanced stage (P=.019). Wait time for surgical staging was not associated with decreased survival outcome in patients with type I endometrial cancer.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
LONDON—Delays in tackling climate change could cost companies about $1.2 trillion worldwide during the next 15 years, according to the United Nations. That’s the preliminary analysis of a UN Environment Finance Initiative project that brought together 20 global fund managers to measure the impact of climate change on 30,000 of the largest listed companies. The group has created a guide for investors to assess how their holdings would respond to different levels of global warming and policy making. “Investors have a central role to play in moving the world to a low-carbon future,” said Maurice Tulloch, chief executive officer of Aviva Plc, one of the participants in the project. “This collaboration shows how we can all make better decisions, for our customers and for the environment.” Extreme weather events, including floods, tropical cyclones, and extreme hot and cold days are already hitting business operations. Should governments install tougher policy in the push for cleaner technology, emission-intensive companies will increasingly struggle to compete. As well as Aviva, the investor group included companies such as Manulife Asset Management, M&G Prudential Ltd. and DNB Asset Management AS. The work was guided by advisory and modelling firms Carbon Delta AG and Vivid Economics Ltd. Investors are playing an increased role to protect financial stability against climate change. The research work will enable them to better understand climate-related risks and opportunities, in line with the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures, a part of the Financial Stability Board global regulator, the UN said. The task force is chaired by Michael Bloomberg, the majority owner of Bloomberg LP. Read more about:	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
With the Mariners, it almost seems like the option to come home is always there. Familiar faces from the past have a way of showing up in Peoria this time of year. Taijuan Walker appears to be happy to be that guy in 2020. A closer look at the returning Mariners RHP Taijuan Walker “It feels good,” the right-handed pitcher said Thursday in his first meeting with the Seattle media since returning to the team. While most of the faces he encounters in the Mariners’ clubhouse are new, the surroundings and many of the staff and front office members are familiar. That was a major factor in choosing to return to Seattle on a one-year deal Wednesday when he appeared to have other options. “I’m comfortable here,” he said. “I haven’t pitched in two years, so I wanted somewhere where I can come in, kind of take my time, I don’t have to rush. I don’t have to really go out and prove anything in spring training, just get a good game plan in, take it easy through spring.” Walker won’t be forced to try and win a spot in the rotation. His performances won’t mean the difference between making the postseason or going home. He won’t be faced with that pressure as he goes through his first year after Tommy John surgery, and that in the long run should be good for him. It also doesn’t hurt that the Mariners’ new head athletic trainer was the assistant trainer for the Diamondbacks, who Walker spent the past three years with. “KT (Kyle Torgerson) being here, I was with him two years rehabbing,” Walker said. “I’m comfortable with him, he knows my body, he knows what I have to do to stay healthy, that was a big part of it too.” While the Mariners will be careful with Walker and bring him along slowly if necessary, they expect something back from him as well – something in addition to performance. At just 27 years of age but with five years service time, Walker is a veteran – a veteran who has spent at least parts of seven seasons in the big leagues. While Walker has always been the young guy – or one of the young guys – on a staff, manager Scott Servais would like to see him take a step forward as one of the guys others look to. “Taijuan has learned what it’s been to be the No. 1 prospect-type guy. He’s dealt with some injuries in his career. He’s got a lot to offer the young guys here,” he pointed out. “And he knows the M’s.” Servais spoke with Walker on Wednesday and perhaps there was a little push in this direction. Perhaps that push would have been needed in the past. At times, there were frustrations with Walker and the pace that the 2010 first-round draft pick took in his development and his offseason work. For his part, Walker says he is a different person now when it comes to his work. The change of scenery gave him the opportunity to take a closer look at himself. “I definitely had a lot of stuff to learn,” he said of his time with the Diamondbacks. “I don’t think I did a good job here (in Arizona) doing what I needed to do to become the best pitcher I could be. Definitely I slacked off. I didn’t really put the work in. When I went over there, there was just opportunity and fresh faces for me. It kind of clicked right away. I was the new guy so I wanted to fit in. “I didn’t want to be the standout guy who wasn’t working, was lazy and stuff. I couldn’t really slack off. We had good vets that kept on on me. Just having Zack Greinke over there, a bunch of guys who were really hungry and ready to work, I just wanted to fall in line with them.” Older, wiser, more mature on and off the field by his own description. The former kid of the Mariners rotation is now a husband and a father of a 2 year old. His home team has been instrumental in his nearly two-year comeback from injury. “My wife was great,” he said. “She definitely kept me motivated, kept me in it. Especially having a family, a young one too, he (son) was definitely the biggest motivation. It was tough the first couple of months and it was boring but having a 2-year-old definitely kept me on my toes.” With the injury behind him, Walker is looking forward to finally getting to take the field every fifth day once again after pitching a total of one inning in 2019. “I’m 100 percent right now,” he said. “I’ve thrown four bullpens, I’m letting it go pretty good. Now it is just about being smart about it. I feel like I could go out and pitch if I need to in a game, but we are going to get a game plan and go from there.” It is a good opportunity for Walker to re-establish himself before hitting the free agent market once more, but he insists that this relationship will be a two-way street. No longer the young guy, he’s ready to give back off of the mound. “In Arizona, I was around some really good vets and I learned how they went about their business,” Walker said. “They helped me a lot and now my focus wants to be helping the young guys come up. If they have any questions, if I can help in any way, that’s kind of my goal now moving forward in my career.” Follow 710 ESPN Seattle’s Shannon Drayer on Twitter. Mariners notebook: New plan for bullpen, late-innings guy identified	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
BitPagos, an Argentina/Palo Alto-based Bitcoin payment processor, are to launch their new service Ripio which will allow users to purchase bitcoins at supermarkets. Bitcoins will be sold to customers directly at over 8000 convenience stores belonging to a single chain. All one would need to use the service in one of the supermarkets mentioned above is a Ripio user account and a certain amount of pesos to convert into BTC. Currently the service is at the startup phase. In order to achieve their goals, the management of BitPagos holds negotiations with mobile network servicer TeleRecargas. This partnership will allow customers to prepay bitcoins using their mobile phones in Ripio-supporting supermarkets. In early 2014 major Argentine businessmen invested about 600,000 dollars into BitPagos developments. According to Sebastian Serrano, the CEO and co-founder of BitPagos, their main task is to enable consumers to buy virtual currency without intermediary of banks, and simplify the Bitcoin purchase in physical outlets. Moreover, thanks to its simplicity, Ripio can become a great solution to bring new users to the Bitcoin community. While the service will initially be available in Argentina only, BitPagos expect Ripio to acquire larger popularity, which means the business might be expanded and cover the rest of Latin America.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <root> <!-- Microsoft ResX Schema Version 2.0 The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes associated with the data types. Example: ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ... <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader> <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader> <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader> <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader> <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data> <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data> <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64"> <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value> </data> <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64"> <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value> <comment>This is a comment</comment> </data> There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple name/value pairs. Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the mimetype set. The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly: Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can read any of the formats listed below. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 value : The object must be serialized with : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64 value : The object must be serialized with : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64 value : The object must be serialized into a byte array : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter : and then encoded with base64 encoding. --> <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata"> <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" /> <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded"> <xsd:element name="metadata"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="assembly"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" /> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="data"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" /> <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" /> <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> <xsd:element name="resheader"> <xsd:complexType> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" /> </xsd:sequence> <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" /> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:choice> </xsd:complexType> </xsd:element> </xsd:schema> <resheader name="resmimetype"> <value>text/microsoft-resx</value> </resheader> <resheader name="version"> <value>2.0</value> </resheader> <resheader name="reader"> <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value> </resheader> <resheader name="writer"> <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value> </resheader> </root>	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
RAW plotting to kill Hafiz Saeed? Bangalore, Aug 9: While the Indian establishment continues to flay Pakistan for killing five soldiers at Poonch sector in Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistani security agencies have claimed to have discovered a network of RAW (Research and Analysis Wing), India's intelligence agency, on the country's soil which was allegedly hatching a plot to kill Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, founder of terror outfits like Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaamat-ud-Dawa (JuD). According to a report published in a Pakistani newspaper Pakistan Today a couple of days ago, the plot to kill Saeed came into light during probe into the gruesome killing of the chief security officer of Saeed, Khalid Bashir in May. According to the report, intelligence sources claimed that the plot to eliminate Saeed and his close aides was finalised in Dubai allegedly by a RAW agent identified by the name Vinod. Sources added that the RAW had engaged two local jihadi activists from Gujranwala with the help of an unidentified Pakistani handler. Bashir was lifted from Lahore by Zafar Qayyum and Bilal Ahmed Cheema, enlisted by the RAW while they were at play in Afghanistan and his body full of injury marks was found from the Upper Chenab Canal in Sheikhupura on May 17, the report quoted the sources saying. During interrogations, it was learnt from Zafar and Cheema that the Pakistani handler told them that Bashir was an Indian agent who was working against the JuD's interests. The man worked with the JuD for over 25 years and was considered to be a close aide of Saeed. His death had shocked Saeed, accused of plotting the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, for Bashir had negated several assassination attempts on Saeed and was also in charge of coordinating every movement of the leader. Bashir's family told the police later that he had received a phone call fon tMay 14 night and was invited for dinner meeting the next day. When he did not return home, his family went to the JuD leadership. Meanwhile, it was informed by an unidentified caller that Bashir had been kidnapped. Sleuths later gathered Bashir's call data records and it was seen that the call he had received was made from a SIM card, which allegedly belonged to the RAW handler. The two jihadists were arrested with the help of two numbers traced from the SIM card.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Guide To Successful Affiliate Marketing While studying the achievements of super affiliates that earn handsome money every month, we find that their attitude is fine tuned to get optimum results from their attempts. Apart from the attitude everything is the same. They sell the same products that everyone else sells, they sign up for the same advertising program and employ the same SEO tactics. What makes them different is their willingness to experiment more, think creatively and showing of better understanding of human nature. 1. Dare to Lead Dont just be a follower; you can set new standards in affiliate marketing. This statement does not mean you should learn the nice good qualities of successful Internet affiliate marketers. You can take new ideas from the success of successful Internet marketers. But you can think differently and creatively. Creativity is the first thing every successful affiliate marketer possesses. You can creatively design your website, plan a promotional campaign and generally play your cards correct. Set standards and be a leader, let others follow. 2. Learn the Basics Learn the basics of closing a sale. Learn from the innumerable websites in the Internet that sell products and services. Be a constant learner of marketing. This way you will know what sells and what does not. Goal setting, planning and implementing of the plans correctly make you a successful Internet marketer. Set daily, weekly and monthly targets, then lay down the plan and follow up with the implementation of the plans. 3. Set Priorities Everything you plan to do to promote your new affiliate product may or may not be necessary or fruitful. Separate the tasks as immediately essential, moderately lesser and unessential. Cutting down on unessential tasks saves your efforts and gives you more energy to concentrate on highly essential tasks. 4. Learn the art of Giving Before Receiving You cant bind horse before the cart. To receive something you need to give something. Here what you give before you take is information, tips and strategies to maximize the use of products you sell. For example if you sell photography items, provide in your website useful information about the care of different photographic products and continuously update the information with whatever you learn. Thus you learn to give before you receive. 5. Network Network with fellow affiliate marketers. Help someone if needed. Dont shy away asking help if needed. Affiliate marketing is not a I Win, You Lose game. Everyone can benefit from combined strengths. 6. Widen your Horizon Dont put all your eggs in the same basket. Diversify your efforts. This advice is not a license to dilute your focus. If you are the affiliate of a company that sells digital camera, you will have a good idea about digital cameras, its components etc. Instead of setting your focus solely on digital camera for a specific company, become an affiliate of different companies that sell digital cameras. Also sell digital camera components like memory sticks, batteries, flash units You simply give yourself more exposure to a variety of opportunities. 7. Never Quit Last but not least. This one tip you need to bind to your heart. Early setbacks and losses are only natural. In such occasions, heartlessly dump the products or services that bring you low or no returns. Cut down costs. But never ever give up your career. You can find profitable products to sell that will give you profits. If you really want to become a successful affiliate marketer, you must see such setbacks as essential natural learning points. Find us on Facebook Affiliate Programs To Checkout My Speciality Blogs Unique Opportunities Follow Us Archives Continuity Income Streams…..Video Course FINALLY! Here's The Last Course You Will Ever Need To Master The Arts Of Continuity Income Streams And Build Successful Membership Sites!Learn More Here YouTube Clicks "Discover How to Drive Unlimited Traffic to Your Site at Only 2 Cents Per Click... Starting Today!" Know how to drive unlimited targeted traffic to your site Learn how to use the Youtube advertising platform Easy-to-understand step by step approach Proven To Work Used By ThousandsLearn More Here Help Desk If you need any assistance with a product or downloads or any issues that we need to address, please submit a ticket here at our Help Desk, and we will be sure to handle your issue as soon as we can. Submit Your Ticket Here	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
WEBVTT IS SAID TO HAVE CONFRONTEDVLADIMIR PUTIN ON AN ISSUE HEHIMSELF HAS STRUGGLED TO GETPAST.PRESIDENT TRUMP: IT'S AN HONORTO BE WITH YOU.THANK YOU.THANK YOU, SIR.ADAM: FOR THE FIRST TIME ASPRESIDENT, DONALD TRUMP TALKSFACE-TO-FACE WITH VLADIMIR PUTINAND ACCORDING TO SECRETARY OFSTATE REX TILLERSON, THERE WAS ALENGTHY EXCHANGE ABOUT RUSSIANMEDDLING IN THE 2016 ELECTION.>> THE PRESIDENT PRESSEDPRESIDENT PUTIN ON MORE THAN ONEOCCASION ON RUSSIAN INVOLVEMENT.PRESIDENT PUTIN DENIED SUCHINVOLVEMENT.ADAM: BOTH SIDES SPOKE OF MOVINGFORWARD...BUT SENATOR MAGGIE HASSAN SAYSSHE'S WORRIED THE PRESIDENTDOESN'T FULLY GRASP WHATHAPPENED. >> I AM VERY CONCERNED THAT THEPRESIDENT FAILS TO TAKESERIOUSLY HOW MUCH OF AN ATTACKTHIS WAS ON OUR DEMOCRACY.">SENATOR HASSAN AND HERCOLLEAGUES ARE TAKING STEPS TOINCREASE CYBER SECURITY ANDPUNISH THE RUSSIANS.>> WE'VE PASSED A BILL IN THESENATE TO STRENGTHEN SANCTIONSAGAINST RUSSIA, AND I'M VERYCONCERNED THE PRESIDENT ISSEEKING TO WEAKEN THAT BILLRATHER THAN SIGN IT.ADAM: POLITICAL ANALYSTS SAYWHILE THIS MEETING MAY HAVE BEENCORDIAL, RUSSIA'S GOAL IS TOWEAKEN WESTERN DEMOCRACIES.>> VLADIMIR PUTIN AND THERUSSIANS HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR AWAY TO DELIVER A SHARP ELBOW FORYEARS NOW TO THE UNITED STATES.ADAM: DR. DANTE SCALA OF THEUNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE SAYSTHE MORE THIS ISSUE DIVIDESAMERICANS, THE GREATER THEPOTENTIAL FOR HARM WHICH ISEXACTLY WHAT PUTIN WANTS. I THINK THE MORE THAT THERE'SPARTISANSHIP ABOUT THE ISSUE,THE LESS LIKELY WE ARE TO BESECURE IN OUR ELECTIONS GOINGFORWARD.ADAM: THE ELECTION MAY HAVEDOMINATED THE HEADLINES,PRESIDENTS TRUMP AND PUTIN ARESAID TO HAVE REACHED ANAGREEMENT ON THE CEASE-FIRE INSYRIA.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Information technology as an infrastructure for patient safety: nursing research needs. This article describes the process utilized to create research questions which promote technology as an infrastructure to enable safe nursing practice. Beginning with scenarios of safety problems related to nursing practice, the team identified information technology including hardware, software, and organizational and operational components to help improve the safety aspects addressed in the scenarios. Further discussed are characteristics of technology necessary at each step in the nursing process and finally recommendations are presented for various research questions that would be needed to enable research on the use of the proposed technologies.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
For decades, William Jellett danced at gigs and festivals, and told people he was the Son of God. Then, it seemed, he disappeared. Jellett at the Reading Festival, 1974 (Source: Vin Miles, UK Rock Festivals) It was a Saturday evening, St Valentine’s Day 1970, when William Jellett first thought he might be Jesus. He was on the London Underground, travelling back from work, and noticed the headline of the newspaper unfurled opposite him: “Cambridge riots — two policemen beaten up”. There had been student protests the night before, on Friday the 13th. Feeling “hurt for my brothers,” he later told 19 magazine, he put his head in his hands. He had the sense that everyone was his brother or sister, and that the music and freedom he had found over the last few years were slipping away, with this rising violence. The lights flickered between stations, catching the dull livery. He was only 21, but violence had always bothered him; back in the children’s home, back at school, back with the mods and rockers on the beaches. It seemed to be all around him now. The music press talked about Manson and Altamont and Kent State, and sometimes there were photographs of crowds at gigs too, in which he could see himself dancing, conspicuously. Music was getting heavier too, at the gigs he went to nearly every night: Black Sabbath had released their first album the day before, The Who recorded “Live at Leeds” that night. As the train rumbled forward, Jellett looked into his hands. They were less smooth than they had been, he saw. He had not been able to hold down regular work for a while, leaving the job he had found when he first moved to London, at the tea importer, then the job in the storeroom at the BBC, where he had spent much of his time scrawling designs in biro on cardboard. He now sometimes told people he “worked in an office”, if they asked, between songs, or in queues. He did, really. Travelling around the city, he cleaned flats and houses, and offices. His hands were hardening with the work. He had never noticed the lines in his palms before. Jellett at Bath Blues Festival, 1969 (Source: Lawrence Impey, UK Rock Festivals) For the first time, Jellett saw that the lines crossed in the centre of each hand. The cross, he would say, in the “idle of my palm”. He was well-attuned to religious symbolism, and divine calling. His parents had been in the Salvation Army, and he had felt something of this significance over the last couple of years, in the music he listened to. Now, the logic overcame him. He thought about reincarnation, and about universality and interconnectedness. If we are all one, he thought, he could be anyone. People had been calling him “Jesus” for a while, and he had adopted the nickname, but now it made sense. If he had been reincarnated, he thought, “there would be no permissive society, no underground, just people wanting to be themselves and live their lives the way they wanted to before”. The crosses were stigmata, he thought.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Problem with messaging() in node.js for firebase I want to organize sending push- notifications on adding a document to firestore. I am using the code from examples from firebase site for node.js. const functions = require('firebase-functions'); const admin = require('firebase-admin'); admin.initializeApp(); var message = { notification: { title: 'title!', body: 'body' }, topic: "all" }; exports.createRequest = functions.firestore .document('Requests/{RequestsId}') .onCreate((snap, context) => { console.log('We have a new request'); // Send a message to devices subscribed to the provided topic. admin.messaging().send(message) .then((response) => { console.log('Successfully sent message:', response); }).catch((error) => { console.log('Error sending message:', error); }); return 0; }); When I try to deploy I am getting an error: Each then() should return a value or throw promise/always-return" for string .then((response) => { A: Change this: admin.messaging().send(message) .then((response) => { console.log('Successfully sent message:', response); }).catch((error) => { console.log('Error sending message:', error); }); return 0; }); Into this: return admin.messaging().send(message) .then((response) => { console.log('Successfully sent message:', response); return null; }).catch((error) => { console.log('Error sending message:', error); }); }); You need to terminate functions correctly, so you can avoid excessive charges from functions that run for too long or loop infinitely. You can use the following ways to terminate your function: Resolve functions that perform asynchronous processing (also known as "background functions") by returning a JavaScript promise. Terminate HTTP functions with res.redirect(), res.send(), or res.end(). Terminate a synchronous function with a return; statement.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Check out our new site Makeup Addiction add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption add your own caption Puts diesel in the truck Pours a glass for himself	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Kebab shops and restaurants selling deep-fried food have been banned from opening in Verona. Officials desperate to prevent the 'decorum' of the northern Italian city from disappearing have passed a ruling that also prohibits any new restaurants from selling 'ethnic' food after a rise in Middle Eastern cuisine. Flavio Tosi, Mayor of Verona, said he hoped the ruling, which was implemented this week, would protect the 'typical culture' of the UNESCO World Heritage site. Kebab shops and restaurants selling deep-fried food have been banned from opening in Verona, which boasts dozens of ancient buildings (pictured) 'Thanks to this provision there will be no more openings of establishments that sell food prepared in a way that could impact the decorum of our city,' he said, according to Andrea Vogt for The Telegraph. 'This protects not only our historic and architectural patrimony of the city centre but also the tradition of typical culture of the Verona territory.' But the ruling has been criticised by some who claim it discriminates against immigrants living in Italy. Verona was founded more than 2,000 years ago and has maintained many ancient monuments and buildings. Officials desperate to prevent the 'decorum of the city', which includes the Verona Arena (above), disappearing have passed a ruling that also prohibits any new restaurants from selling 'ethnic' food The city, which is the setting for three Shakespeare plays including Romeo and Juliet, was awarded World Heritage status due to the architecture, which includes a Roman military settlement and the Verona Arena. The cathedral, which was built in the 12th century, and the Castelvecchio, from the 14th century, are also popular tourist attractions. Nearly 80 million tourists are thought to visit Italy every year, making an estimated 190 billion euros for the country.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Expeditie Robinson: Battle of the Titans Expeditie Robinson: Strijd der Titanen (also known as Expeditie Robinson: Battle of the Titans), was a special All-Stars season of the Dutch/Belgian version of the Swedish show Expedition Robinson, or Survivor as it is referred to in some countries. This season began airing in March 2006 and concluded in July of that year. This season began with a surprise "plank" challenge in which the winner would automatically be immune from the first elimination and would be one of two contestants to be "leaders" of a tribe. As the winner of this challenge Ilona van der Laan, along with Veronique De Pryker, who Ilona picked as the person she got along with the least, picked their tribes from the fifteen other contestants. The last person not picked, Björn Lemeirel, was eliminated from the game. Another twist occurred in episode four when each tribe was asked to pick one player that they trusted the most. The North team chose Melvin Pigot, while the South team chose Richard Mackowia. These two contestants were both sent to a secret island called Entatula where the merge tribe of Panga would live. Eventually those living on the island had chosen all but Fleur Roozenburg, Lydia Guiso, Maxime Verbist, Ryan van Esch, and Veronique De Pryker to join them, they composed the Miniloc tribe and were forced to take part in a series of duels until only one remained and would return to the game. When it came time for the final four, the contestants took part in a couple of final challenges in order to determine who would be the finalists. The first of these challenges was won by Jennifer Smit while the second was won by Ryan van Esch. Ultimately, it was Ryan van Esch who won this season over Jennifer Smit by a jury vote of 4-2. Finishing order Voting history As both Douwe and Jakobien received two votes at the third tribal council, there was a re-vote in order to determine who would be eliminated. During said re-vote any member of the South team could receive votes. As both Karin and Pieter received three votes at the sixth tribal council, the number of votes received at previous tribal councils was used to determine who would be eliminated. External links (Contestant Profiles, Episode Summaries, and Voting History) Dutch-Belgian	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Embattled Egyptian President Mubarak appointed on Saturday a former air force commander and aviation minister, Ahmed Shafiq, as the new prime minister, in efforts to stem popular rage against his autocratic regime. The move ensures that men with military links are in the top three political jobs. Click here for more Haaretz coverage of events in Egypt next previous 20 of 20 \| Demonstrators protest outside the Egyptian embassy in London, Saturday, Jan. 29, 2011. Credit: AP 1 of 20 \| An anti-government protester holds a sign reading 'Game Over' in Tahrir square in downtown Cairo, Jan. 29, 2011. Credit: AP 2 of 20 \| A senior army officer salutes a crowd of cheering protesters at Tahrir square in Cairo January 29, 2011. Credit: AP Shafiq's appointment followed announcement earlier on Saturday that Omar Suleiman, the intelligence chief with military experience, would be vice president and in prime position for the top job if Mubarak does not run for president again in September. Mubarak also named Egypt's military chief Lt. Gen. Sami Hafez Anan as the new defense minister. Mubarak, 82, was also a former air force chief. The Egyptian cabinet formally resigned on Saturday, at the command of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, following five days of violent anti-government protests. Mubarak addressed the country on Saturday for the fist time since the riots began, saying that he had no intention to resign. Mubarak's two sons, Gamal and Ala, arrived in London late Saturday as the clashes in their home country continued. The Egyptian president's wife left Egypt later on Saturday and is also expected to arrive in London, Al Jazeera reported. The popular protests in Egypt, which continue unabated, have left at least 55 reported dead and over 2,000 wounded. Some sources are saying that the death toll could be as high as 100 once confusion on the streets clears up. The protests are the most serious challenge to Mubarak's 30-year authoritarian rule. The embattled president defended the security forces' crackdown on protesters, but said that he will press ahead with social, economic and political reforms in the country. Suleiman is the first vice-president of Egypt to be appointed since Mubarak first took power almost thirty years ago. Mubarak himself occupied the position of vice-president under the former Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, and took the reigns of power after Sadat was assassinated in 1981. Open gallery view Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, right, listens as Omar Suleiman, swears the oath as Vice President of Egypt, Saturday Jan. 29. 2011. Credit: AP The Muslim Brotherhood, the largest opposition movement in Egypt called for Mubarak to relinquish power in a peaceful manner, AFP has reported. The Muslim Brotherhood is officially banned from running for elections for parliament, though some movement members candidate for parliament as independents. The government's attempts to suppress demonstrations appeared to be swiftly eroding support from the United States- suddenly forced to choose between its most important Arab ally and a democratic uprising demanding his ouster. Washington threatened to reduce a $1.5 billion program of foreign aid if Mubarak escalated the use of force. Al-Jazeera news reported that Egyptian pro-democracy leader, Mohamed ElBaradei called on Mubarak to step down and set a framework for transition of power as the only way to end street unrests that have rocked Egypt. The former head of the United Nations nuclear watchdog told Al Jazeera in a phone interview that Mubarak's speech on Friday, in which he said he would form a new government, was "disappointing" for Egyptians. Countries across the world have weighed in on the crisis in Egypt and have expressed their views on how Mubarak should handle the situation. Iran voiced support for the protesters, calling the mass demonstrations a "wave of Islamic awakening." "The protests of the Muslim people of Egypt is a move towards gaining justice and realizing their national and religious will," Foreign Ministry spokesman Ramin Mehmanparast said. Saudi Arabia's King Abdullah expressed support for Mubarak on Saturday, the official Saudi Press Agency said. "No Arab or Muslim can tolerate any meddling in the security and stability of Arab and Muslim Egypt by those who infiltrated the people in the name of freedom of expression, exploiting it to inject their destructive hatred," SPA quoted King Abdullah as saying. United States President Barack Obama called on Mubarak on Friday to expand rights within the country. "Surely, there will be difficult days to come, but the United States will continue to stand up for the rights of the Egyptian people and work with their government in pursuit of a future that is more just, more free and more hopeful," Obama said he told the longtime leader in a phone call from the White House. Before Obama spoke, White House press secretary Robert Gibbs announced the administration might cut the $1.5 billion in annual foreign aid sent to Egypt, depending on Mubarak's response to the demonstrations. Obama also repeated demands by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton for Egypt's government to restore access to the internet and social media sites, cut by the authorities in an apparent attempt to limit the flow of information about the protests demanding an end to Mubarak's rule. Obama noted the United States and Egypt have a close partnership, a reference to Mubarak's support over the years for peace with Israel. But he said, "We've also been clear that there must be reform, political, social and economic reforms that meet the aspirations of the Egyptian people." He added that the demonstrators had a responsibility to express themselves peacefully. He continued, "Violence and destruction will not lead to the reforms they seek." In what appeared to be an effort to distance the bloc from Mubarak's regime, EU President Herman Van Rompuy said on Saturday that the EU is urging Egyptian leader Hosni Mubarak to end the crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators and release all political prisoner. The European Union was deeply troubled by the spiral of violence in Egypt, Van Rompuy said, and he hoped Mubarak's promises of reform will translate into concrete action. the EU has traditionally had close relations with the Egyptian government as part of its partnerships with countries on the eastern and southern rims of the Mediterranean. Egypt has also been one of the United States' closest allies in the region since President Anwar Sadat made peace with Israel in 1979 after talks at Camp David. Mubarak kept that deal after Sadat's 1981 assassination and has been a close partner of every U.S. president since Jimmy Carter, helping Washington exert its will on issues that range from suppressing Islamist violence to counterbalancing the rise of Iran's anti-American Shiite theocracy. Mubarak has not said yet whether he will stand for another six-year term as president in elections this year. He has never appointed a deputy and is thought to be grooming his son Gamal to succeed him despite popular opposition.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
XBOX One White Wireless Bluetooth Game Controller Experience the enhanced comfort and feel of the new Xbox Wireless Controller, featuring a sleek, streamlined design and textured grip. Enjoy custom button mapping* and improved wireless range. Plug in any compatible headset with the 3.5mm stereo headset jack. Now with Bluetooth technology, play your favourite games on Windows 10 PCs, tablets, and phones.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The NHL has released the officiating roster for the 2016-17 season. In case you missed it, we’ve reported on the new hirings. Here’s a summary of the changes in stripes for the upcoming season: Promotions 2 – Jon McIsaac 7 – Garrett Rank 30 – Kendrick Nicholson 52 – Shandor Alphonso* 64 – Brandon Gawryletz* 87 – Devin Berg* *No number change It will be somewhat strange to see the ol’ #7, last worn by Hall-of-Famer Bill McCreary, back out there on the ice this season. Read more on this year’s promotions. New Hires 41 – Cameron Voss 44 – Furman South 45 – Peter MacDougall 47 – Pierre Lambert 48 – Chris Schlenker 81 – Ryan Daisy 97 – Kory Nagy Learn more about Daisy, Lambert, MacDougall, and Schlenker and about Nagy, South, and Voss. New Numbers Aside from the promoted referees, who have all changed numbers, we have one veteran official making a number swap. Referee Kyle Rehman, who wore 37 during his NHL career, will move to 10 – a number last worn by the now-retired Paul Devorski. Retirements Of course, all those new names and numbers are taking the place of the referees and linesmen not returning to the NHL for the 2016-17 season. Referees Greg Kimmerly, Dennis Larue, and Rob Martell all hung up the skates last season, as did linesmen Mike Cvik, Brad Lazarowich, and Andy McElman. Referee Mike Hasenfratz and linesman Thor Nelson were not included on this year’s officiating roster. While no retirement announcement has come out for either, they’ve both been out with long-term injuries. Their absence appears to indicate an end to their respective NHL careers. Referee Mark Lemelin has been released, and will be officiating in Austria this season. Updated Roster of NHL Officials for 2016-17	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Identification of GM Connector I'm trying to identify some connectors for a Chevy Equinox, located on the rear mud flap. I believe these are common GM connectors but I do not know the nomenclature. A: The second image shows a U-nut,speed nut or clip nut depending on the manufacturer. They are available at most auto parts suppliers. They are available in a variety of thread sizes and the length of the clip also varies with application. The easiest means of selecting the correct size is to remove one and match it at the store.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
SHANGHAI, Sept 19 (Reuters) - China is not afraid of “extreme measures” the United States is taking in their trade war and will use it as an opportunity to replace imports, promote localisation and accelerate the development of high-tech products, state media said. The People’s Daily newspaper, which is published by the ruling Communist Party, made the comments in a front-page article in its overseas edition on Wednesday. The world’s two largest economies dove deeper into a trade war on Tuesday after Beijing added $60 billion of U.S. products to its import tariff list in retaliation for U.S. President Donald Trump’s planned levies on $200 billion worth of Chinese goods. “To deal with the trade war, what China really should do is to focus on doing its own thing well,” the People’s Daily said. “(China) is not worried that the U.S. trade counter measures will raise domestic commodity prices by too much but will instead use it as an opportunity to replace imports, promote localisation or develop export-oriented advanced manufacturing,” it said. The Global Times tabloid, which is affiliated to the People’s Daily, said the trade war was a chance to pursue greater global recognition of its financial markets and that it could open its A-share market more to listings by Western firms. The United States has so far imposed tariffs on $50 billion worth of Chinese products to pressure China to make sweeping changes to its trade, technology transfer and high-tech industrial subsidy policies. The new tariffs will begin on Sept. 24 and will increase to 25 percent by the end of 2018. Beijing has retaliated in kind but some analysts and American businesses are concerned it could resort to other measures, such as pressuring U.S. companies operating in China. Another Chinese state-owned newspaper, the China Daily, also said in an editorial on Wednesday the U.S. tactics would prove to be ineffective. “China has always managed to find the proper solutions to put its economy back on track,” the China Daily said. “The trade conflict will not force China to succumb to US pressure. Instead, given its economic resilience, it will squarely face those challenges, find the right solutions, and emerge stronger,” it said. (Reporting by Brenda Goh Editing by Paul Tait)	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
--- abstract: 'Recent experiments demonstrate that a ballistic version of spin resonance, mediated by spin-orbit interaction, can be induced in narrow channels of a high-mobility GaAs two-dimensional electron gas by matching the spin precession frequency with the frequency of bouncing trajectories in the channel. Contrary to the typical suppression of Dyakonov-Perel’ spin relaxation in confined geometries, the spin relaxation rate increases by orders of magnitude on resonance. Here, we present Monte Carlo simulations of this effect to explore the roles of varying degrees of disorder and strength of spin-orbit interaction. These simulations help to extract quantitative spin-orbit parameters from experimental measurements of ballistic spin resonance, and may guide the development of future spintronic devices.' author: - 'S. Lüscher' - 'S. M. Frolov' - 'J. A. Folk' title: 'Numerical study of resonant spin relaxation in quasi-1D channels' --- Introduction ============ Spin-orbit interaction is the primary source of spin relaxation for free carriers in semiconductors.[@Pikus:1984; @ZuticRMP] At the same time, it offers the potential to control the spin orientation of those carriers without the need for conventional high frequency resonance techniques.[@BardarsonPRL07; @Datta:1990; @frolov_nature] Controlling carrier spins using spin-orbit interaction requires the ability to tune its effect with external parameters such as a magnetic field or voltages on electrostatic gates. In the Datta-Das spin transistor concept, for example, the spins of carriers in a 2D quantum well rotate in response to a spin-orbit interaction whose strength can be tuned by a gate.[@Datta:1990; @Koo:2009] Another way that electrostatic gates can tune the effects of spin-orbit interaction in a quantum well is by defining the lateral confinement geometry of a spintronic device. Recent experiments have shown that bouncing trajectories in gate-defined channels of high mobility GaAs two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), in an external magnetic field, lead to rapid spin relaxation through a process we refer to as ballistic spin resonance (BSR).[@frolov_nature] On resonance the effect of spin-orbit interaction is amplified by matching the bouncing frequency to the Larmor precession frequency, and the bouncing frequency depends on the gate-defined channel width. Although the mechanism of BSR is straightforward, it is not obvious that the effect should be visible for realistic parameters in a practical device. In this report, semi-classical Monte Carlo simulations of spin dynamics are used to test the resilience of BSR over a wide range of device parameters. The simulation models varying degrees and types of disorder, confinement potential from the electrostatic gates, and lack of perfect specularity on scattering off the channel walls. We restrict our attention to electron-doped GaAs 2DEGs at low temperature, where the Dyakonov-Perel’ mechanism has been shown to be the dominant source of spin relaxation.[@Pikus:1984; @ZuticRMP] A range of spin-orbit interaction strengths are explored in the simulation, including linear Rashba and Dresselhaus terms as well as the cubic Dresselhaus term. BSR is found to be robust over a wide range of experimentally-accessible parameters, and not to depend sensitively on specific model of disorder. Dyakonov-Perel’ mechanism ========================= At the most general level, spin-orbit interaction couples an electron’s spin degree of freedom to its momentum. Spin-orbit interaction in III-V semiconductor quantum wells is characterized by Rashba ($\alpha$) and Dresselhaus ($\beta$ and $\gamma$) terms, due respectively to structural and bulk crystal inversion asymmetry.[@ZuticRMP] Including both types of spin-orbit interaction, the spin-orbit Hamiltonian is: $$\begin{aligned} \label{eq:hso} H_{so} & = & \alpha(k_{010}\sigma_{100}-k_{100}\sigma_{010})+\beta(k_{100}\sigma_{100}-k_{010}\sigma_{010}) \nonumber \\ & & { } + \gamma(k_{010}^2 k_{100}\sigma_{100}-k_{100}^2 k_{010}\sigma_{010})\end{aligned}$$ where $k_{100}$ is the component of the Fermi wavevector along the \[100\] crystal axis, $\sigma_{100}$ is the Pauli spin operator along the \[100\] axis. We note that the sign convention adopted for this Hamiltonian gives $\beta\approx-\gamma<k_{001}^2>$. [@Winkler; @Krich2007] The linear-in-$k$ terms in the Hamiltonian become simpler when described along \[110\] and $[\overline{1}10]$ axes. For the rest of this paper, the \[110\] axis is referred to as the $x$-axis; the $[\overline{1}10]$ axis is referred to as the $y$-axis. $H_{so}$ can be interpreted in terms of a momentum-dependent effective Zeeman field, $\vec{B}_{so}$, which takes the following form when expressed along $x$- and $y$-axes: $$\label{eq:bso} \vec{B}_{so}=\frac{2}{g\mu_B}((\alpha-\beta)k_y\hat{x}-(\alpha+\beta)k_x\hat{y}) + O(k^3),$$ This effective field corresponds to a spin-orbit precession time $\tau_{so}=\hbar/g\mu_B B_{so}$, where $g=0.44$ is the Landé g-factor in GaAs. Spin precession according to $H_{so}$ is coherent from a microscopic point of view. At a practical level, however, this term gives rise to spin relaxation in any real conductor due to momentum scattering. Electron spins precess around an effective magnetic field that changes, as the momentum changes, at each scattering event. An ensemble of polarized spins, initially oriented in the same direction but following different random trajectories, will be distributed randomly around the Bloch sphere after a relaxation time, $\tau_{sr}$. This relaxation process is known as the Dyakonov-Perel’ (DP) mechanism.[@DyakPerel] External magnetic fields have a strong effect on DP relaxation. These effects can be quite complicated when both orbital and spin effects are included. In this paper we discuss only the case of in-plane magnetic fields, which give rise to Zeeman splitting but not to Landau quantization or cyclotron motion. When $\vec{B}_{so}$ is added to an in-plane magnetic field $\vec{B}_{ext}$, it is the total effective field $\vec{B}_{tot} =\vec{B}_{so}+ \vec{B}_{ext}$ that sets the spin precession axis and precession time for DP spin dynamics. The relaxation time, $\tau_{sr}$, due to the DP mechanism has been calculated[@Kiselev:2000] for disordered 2D systems with momentum scattering time $\tau_p$, giving $$\label{dp2d} \tau_{sr}(B_{ext})\sim\frac{\tau_{so}^2}{\tau_p}(1+(\tau_p\frac{g\mu_B B_{ext}}{\hbar})^2).$$ Here $\tau_p$ corresponds to a mean free path $\lambda=\tau_p v_F$. The monotonic dependence $\tau_{sr}(B_{ext})$ described by Eq. (\[dp2d\]) does not hold in confined geometries, such as the channels studied here, where the mean free path and spin-orbit length are on the order of or greater than the channel width. [@HolleitnerPRL06] It is the goal of this work to study $\tau_{sr}(B_{ext})$ numerically in these cases. Model ===== Semi-classical Monte Carlo simulations of DP spin dynamics in a 2DEG channel were performed by calculating momentum-dependent spin precession along an ensemble of randomly-generated classical trajectories, $\vec{r}_i(t)$, analogous to the calculations described in Refs. . Instantaneous velocity was determined from $\vec{v}_i(t)=d\vec{r}_i/dt$, giving momentum $\hbar\vec{k}_i(t)=m^\vec{v}_i(t)$ for effective mass $m^$. Throughout this paper the magnitude of the velocity was $\|\vec{v}_i\|=v_F=10^5$m/s, corresponding to electron sheet density $n_s\approx5\times 10^{10} cm^{-2}$.[@frolov_prl; @frolov_nature] Each spin $\vec{s}_i$ was initialized to lie along the external field, $\vec{s}_i(t=0)\parallel\vec{B}_{ext}$. The spins evolved in time by precessing around the trajectory-dependent $\vec{B}_{tot}(t)$, calculated using Eq. (\[eq:bso\]) and $\vec{k}_i(t)$. The ensemble-averaged projection of the spin on the initial axis was then calculated as a function of time, $P(t)=\langle\vec{s}_i(t)\cdot\vec{s}_i(0)\rangle_i$, and fit to an exponential decay model, $P(t)=P_0 e^{-t/\tau_{sr}}$, to extract the spin relaxation time $\tau_{sr}$. Although the DP mechanism can give rise to an oscillatory behavior for $P(t)$ when the external magnetic field is zero (data not shown), the oscillatory component in $P(t)$ disappeared above $B_{ext}\approx 1T$ for the device parameters studied here. The trajectories, $\vec{r}_i(t)$, were confined to 1 $\mu$m wide channels (Fig. 1(a)), reflecting the devices used in Refs. . The range of spin-orbit parameters and mean free paths explored in this work represent a broader range than would commonly be encountered in a transport experiment. The channels were assumed to be infinitely long, and each trajectory started from the middle of the wire with a random initial velocity direction. (It was confirmed that initial conditions had no effect on the calculated spin relaxation times after averaging over an ensemble of trajectories.) Disorder was taken into account primarily through small-angle scattering, although [Fig. \[disorder\]]{} compares the effect of various scattering mechanisms and of soft vs. hard-wall confinement. With the exception of [Fig. \[disorder\]]{}, scattering from channel walls was assumed to be specular. The semiclassical approximation used in this simulation–classical trajectories with coherent spin precession–is valid when both the orbital phase coherence time and the momentum scattering time are shorter than the spin relaxation time, and when electron trajectories can be assumed to be independent of spin direction. The latter criterion implies that the Fermi energy is much larger than the spin-orbit energy $H_{so}$. This is a valid approximation in n-type GaAs quantum wells but not in p-type samples or narrow-gap semiconductors.[@Winkler] Results ======= Figure \[traj\] shows a short segment of a trajectory defined by small-angle scattering with mean free path of $\lambda=10\mu$m; this level of disorder that is experimentally accessible in high mobility electron gases. The qualitatively different characteristics of the $x$- and $y$-components of momentum (Figs. \[traj\](b) and \[traj\](c)) highlight the importance of device geometry in the low-disorder regime studied here. Electrons bounce off the channel walls many times before their momentum is randomized, because the mean free path is much larger than the channel width and scattering from the walls is specular. The trajectories in such a system are characterized by rapid, nearly-periodic changes in the sign of the momentum transverse to the channel, $k_y$, while the magnitude of the longitudinal momentum, $k_x$, changes only diffusively over a longer timescale. The square-wave character of $k_y(t)$ can be seen in [Fig. \[traj\]]{}(c), and in its power spectrum $S_{ky}(f)$ ([Fig. \[traj\]]{}(d)). Notice that the $k_y$ frequency spectrum is strongly peaked despite the random angles of electron motion in a typical trajectory ([Fig. \[traj\]]{}(a)). The peak frequency in $S_{ky}(f)$ reflects an average over the random distribution of trajectory angles, where the bouncing frequency for angle $\theta$ is $\frac{v_Fcos(\theta)}{2w}$ for channel width $w$. Relaxation of spins that are aligned initially along $\vec{B}_{ext}$ results from fluctuating fields transverse to $\vec{B}_{ext}$. In the DP mechanism, those transverse fields are the momentum-dependent effective fields arising from spin-orbit interaction. The first-order component of the effective magnetic field due to $k_y$ is always in the $x$-direction (Eq. (\[eq:bso\])), independent of the relative strength of Rashba and Dresselhaus terms in the spin-orbit interaction. Similarly, the effective field due to $k_x$ is always in the $y$-direction. Hence spins in an external field along $\hat{x}$ relax due to fluctuations in the motion along $\hat{x}$; spins in a field along $\hat{y}$ relax due to fluctuations in the motion along $\hat{y}$. The qualitatively different power spectral densities of the two momentum components, $S_{kx}(f)$ and $S_{ky}(f)$ (Fig. 1(d)), give rise to qualitatively different relaxation behaviors for spins in $x$- and $y$-oriented fields respectively (Fig. 2(a)). $\tau_{sr}(B_x)$ increases smoothly with $B_x$ (spins initialized along $\hat{x}$), matching the $\tau_{sr}\propto B_{ext}^2$ behavior expected at high field in 2D disordered systems (Eq. (\[dp2d\])) despite the confinement to a micron-wide channel in the simulation. The sharp periodic dips in $\tau_{sr}(B_y)$ are the BSR features that are the subject of this paper: the short relaxation time at these dips is spin resonance due to the peak frequencies in $S_y(f)$. This resonance occurs when peaks in $S_y(f)$ occur at the Larmor frequency of the external field, $f_L=g\mu_B B_{ext}/h$. Figure 2(a) also compares the inverse of the spectral densities of the two momentum components to the spin relaxation times, $\tau_{sr}(B_{ext})$, extracted from the simulations. Clearly, ${S_{k}}^{-1}(f)$ is directly proportional to $\tau_{sr}(B_{ext})$ when $S_{k}(f)$ is evaluated at the Larmor frequency, $f_L$. This is reminiscent of the nuclear spin relaxation time, $T_1$, for nuclear magnetic resonance, where it has been shown that ${T_1}^{-1}=(g\mu_B/\hbar)^2 {S_{B_\perp}}(f_L)$, with ${S_{B_\perp}}(f_L)$ representing the spectral density of fluctuations in the transverse magnetic field, $B_{\perp}$, at the Larmor frequency of the static NMR field.[@Slichter] Fluctuations in $B_{so}$ are proportional to $S_{k}(f)$ by Eq. (2), and it is these fluctuations that lead to relaxation in the present case. As seen in Fig. 2(a), the approximation $\tau_{sr}(B)\propto {S_{k}}^{-1}(f)$ becomes significantly worse when the mean free path is longer than 10$\mu$m, perhaps because the approximation of exponentially-correlated noise in the NMR result breaks down. Because $\tau_{sr}(B_y)$ depends on the $x$-component of $\vec{B}_{so}$, it is controlled by $(\alpha-\beta)$ and is nearly independent of $(\alpha+\beta)$ (Eq. ). The accuracy of this approximation can be tested in the simulation by varying $\alpha$ and $\beta$ independently. As seen in Fig. 2(b), curves with identical $(\alpha-\beta)$ but different $(\alpha+\beta)$ fall on top of each other for $B_{y}\gtrsim 3$T. (The stronger dependence on $(\alpha+\beta)$ at low field comes about because the direction of $\vec{B}_{tot}$ fluctuates significantly when $B_{ext}\lesssim B_{so}$.) The dependence of $\tau_{sr}$ on $\alpha$ is shown in Fig. 2(c), holding $\beta=0$ for all curves: when examined for particular values of magnetic field, the relation $\tau_{sr}\propto\tau_{so}^2\propto\alpha^2$ expected for 2D (Eq. (\[dp2d\])) carries over to the channel data (Fig. 2(c)). The discussion thus far has ignored the $O(k^3)$ term in Eqs. (1) and (2). Averaged over the Fermi circle, the strength of this term is $\frac{2}{\pi}\gamma k_F^3$. Using values for $\gamma$ reported in the literature ($9-34\text{eV\AA} ^3$)[@Krich2007] and 2DEG parameters $v_F=1\times 10^5m/s$ and $\|\alpha\|+\|\beta\|\approx3\text{meV\AA}$ reported in Ref. , the third-order spin-orbit field, $B_{so}^{(3)}$, is an order of magnitude smaller than the first-order field, $B_{so}^{(1)}$. For this reason, the simulations presented in most of this paper set $\gamma$ explicitly to zero for ease of calculation. For significantly larger values of $v_F$ or $\gamma$, on the other hand, $B_{so}^{(3)}$ is of the same order or larger than $B_{so}^{(1)}$. Because of the more complicated symmetry of $B_{so}^{(3)}$, its effect on BSR is not monotonic in $\gamma$. Figure \[gamma\] explores the role of $B_{so}^{(3)}$ by raising $\gamma$ while holding $v_F=1\times10^5 m/s$, $\alpha=3\text{meV\AA}$, and $\beta=0$. The BSR dips disappear around $\gamma\approx300 \text{eV\AA} ^3$, where $B_{so}^{(3)}\approx2\times B_{so}^{(1)}$, but then revive for larger values of $\gamma$. Significant changes in spin relaxation were observed when the overall magnitude of disorder (set by $\lambda$) was changed ([Fig. \[mfp\]]{}). When $\lambda$ was much smaller than the channel width, resonant dips were absent. In that case, the bouncing frequency ceases to be a relevant parameter, as electrons seldom make it across the channel without scattering, and the 2D limit of Eq. (\[dp2d\]) is approached. The dips become deeper as $\lambda$ is increased, but reach a minimum value around $10\mu$m before rising again for even longer mean free paths. In order to understand this non-monotonic dependence, we study the $\lambda$-dependence of $\tau_{sr}$ at the first resonant dip, around $B_y=7T$ (Fig. 4(b)). Starting from very short mean free paths, $\tau_{sr}$ reaches a minimum at $\lambda_{min}= 2\pi v_F \tau_{so}$, then rises again for very long mean free path. The length-scale, $\lambda_{min}$, corresponds to the distance an electron would have to travel in order for the spin to rotate by $2\pi$ due to the spin-orbit effective field. This behavior can be explained at a qualitative level by considering spin relaxation in a reference frame that rotates at the Larmor frequency. Working in this frame effectively removes precession due the external field, [and]{} it removes flips in $\vec{B}_{so}$ that occur at frequency $f_L$ due to bouncing between the channel walls. In other words, spin relaxation in the ballistic channel at the BSR condition is approximately mapped onto spin relaxation in a disordered 2D system at zero external magnetic field. In 2D at zero external field, one expects $\tau_{sr}\sim\tau_{so}^2/\tau_p\equiv \tau_{so}^2v_F/\lambda$ (Eq. (3)) to decrease with increasing $\lambda$ in the motional narrowing regime, i.e. for fast momentum relaxation, $\tau_p < \tau_{so}$. In the ballistic limit, $\tau_p > \tau_{so}$, on the other hand, one expects $\tau_{sr}$ to increase with $\lambda$ as $\tau_{sr}\sim\tau_p=\lambda/v_F$ because spins precess coherently between scattering.[@Kiselev:2000; @Koop] It is the crossover from motional narrowing to ballistic regimes that gives rise to the non-monotonic behavior of $\tau_{sr}$ in Fig. 4(b). Finally, we show that the particular type of disorder used to generate trajectories, and the type of scattering off channel walls, has only a small effect on the simulated spin relaxation curves. Figure \[disorder\] shows spin relaxation for three different types of disorder: 1. [small-angle scattering]{}. The direction of motion changed from timestep to timestep by a small angle that was Gaussian-distributed around zero, with standard deviation calculated to give the desired mean free path. This is believed to be the dominant scattering mechanism in high-mobility GaAs 2DEGs.[@Coleridge:1991; @juranphys] 2. [large-angle scattering]{} was implemented as a probability for complete randomization of momentum angle at each timestep. The probability was calculated to give the desired mean free path. 3. [rough potential walls]{} Upon reflection off channel walls, the angle of reflection was randomly distributed around the angle of incidence with a spread of $\phi_{spec}$. $\phi_{spec}=0$ corresponds to specular scattering from channel walls. This effect is believed to be weak in electrostatically-defined GaAs 2DEG nanostructures, as shown by clear transverse focusing signals even up to high order, which require many specular bounces.[@VanHouten:1989] Each curve shown in Fig. 5(b) corresponds to disorder from only one of the three mechanisms. The mean free path is $\lambda=10\mu$m in each case, confirmed by monitoring the autocorrelation of $k_x(t)$. As seen in the figure, the simulated spin relaxation time depends only slightly on the precise model of disorder, despite the importance of ballistic transport to the resonant dips in $\tau_{sr}(B_y)$. Figure 5(b) also compares BSR for the case of simple reflections from hard-wall channel boundaries to the more realistic case of soft walls, with a 150nm depletion length as might be expected in nanostructures defined by electrostatic surface gates. Small angle scattering is implemented to give $\lambda=10\mu$m in both hard-and soft-wall simulations. The difference between the hard- and soft-wall data is nearly indistinguishable, except for a small shift in the field at which the resonance dips occur. [ The authors thank J.C. Egues, M. Lundeberg, and G. Usaj for valuable discussions. Work at UBC supported by NSERC, CFI, and CIFAR.]{} [18]{} natexlab\#1[\#1]{}bibnamefont \#1[\#1]{}bibfnamefont \#1[\#1]{}citenamefont \#1[\#1]{}url \#1[`#1`]{}urlprefix\[2\][\#2]{} \[2\]\[\][[\#2](#2)]{} , p. (). , , , **, (). , , , , (). , , (). , , , , , , , (). , , , , , , , (). , (, ). , **, (). , , (). , , (). , , , , , , (). , , , (). , , , , , , , (). , , , , , , (). , (, ). , **, (). , , , , , , , , , (). , , , , , , , , , **, ().	{ "pile_set_name": "ArXiv" }
This is not an easy question. The Cold War was not a 'normal' conflict. The USA and USSR never actually went to war. They often fought each other by supporting the enemies of the other side. The superpowers sometimes clashed in the most bizarre ways, such as the World Chess Championships! Despite these difficulties, it is possible to say some things that almost all historians would accept: The Cold War was a political conflict The Cold War was a military conflict The Cold War was a media conflict The Cold War had a major effect on the lives of thousands of people, most of them innocent civilians. We have 4 case studies which will help you to develop your own views on how the Cold War worked. Look at the Big Question section to see exact details of what you have to do. When you are clear in your own mind, click on the case studies to begin your investigation.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
staged to sell ~ styled to perfection All posts filed under: Holiday I wrote this post the other day about the holidays and how I’m trying not to be a baby Scrinch this year and be stressed out about making things “Perfect”. A really sweet reader friend commented that what she liked best about the post was that it had one or two “specifics on how to make shortcuts feel like enough. Because they are, if we let them be.” I love this and it is so true! Shortcuts can absolutely be enough if we let them be. Much better than being overwhelmed and doing nothing, right? So with that in mind I thought I’d share one of my favorite holiday decorating shortcuts. Here goes: Purchase a poinsettia – any color you like. Collect 5-6 of your favorite small vases and/or small bowls. Cut poinsettia flowers the right length for the containers you have. (Apparently the blooms will last longer if you sear the cut end over a candle, however, then it becomes less of a shortcut so I just stick them in the water – no searing.) Put them … Dear Friends, I had so many ideas for a December blog post. “How to Decorate the Perfect Tree”, “Recipe for a Perfect Holiday Party”, “Don’t Panic, but Your Mother-in-Law is Coming”. And then it occurred to me that these may be the last things some of us need to hear this time of year. Enough already, right? So I started thinking instead about how we might bring ourselves a little less stress and a little more joy during the holidays. There is no decorating advice in this post and no pretty pictures, so if this is the only reason you’re here, feel free to stop reading now. Consider yourself warned. : ) As for me, when December rolls around, I become a very stressed out, grumpy and not nice to be around person. I complain endlessly. Like if Scrooge and the Grinch had a baby together. The to-do list is longer than what one human could ever pull off, the presents need to be conceived/purchased/wrapped, some entertaining should be done, the greeting cards must go out, blah, …	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
The instant invention relates to a novel wafer type semiconductor and a forming method therefor. More particularly, this invention relates to a semiconductor including a high resistance layer and wherein resistance layer formation is effected by selective diffusion from one wafer layer to another. Prior wafer type semiconductor devices generally include a silicon substrate with successive layers of an insulating film and doped polycrystalline silicon deposited thereon. Conventional dopants for the polycrystalline silicon layer are B.sub.2 H.sub.6 and PH.sub.3. There is a constant and chronic need for wafer type semiconductors with uniformly high resistances of several meg-ohms. cm and specific resistivities of several hundred thousand ohms/cc. Heretofore known doped polycrystalline silicon devices have not exhibited the uniform qualities desired. Accordingly, this invention provides a wafer type semiconductor including a doped polycrystalline silicon layer which exhibits a uniformly high resistance and specific resistivity. Moreover, these wafer type semiconductors may be mass-produced with minimum variation between wafers and the resistance thereof.	{ "pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds" }
Having read a few reviews beforehand, I expected to be disappointed by Terminator Genisys, which is currently holding a dismal 27% fresh rating at Rotten Tomatoes. However the Rotten Tomatoes aggregate score for Age of Ultronis currently 74%, and that film was a narrative disaster, so let’s perhaps not hold up professional reviews as indicative of a film’s worth. I’m going to disagree with just about everyone (including my personal favorite geek news site, The Mary Sue) and tell you that it is absolutely great and a worthy addition to the franchise. I even rewatched the original Terminator last night to make sure that I wouldn’t be approaching Genisys mired in rose-colored nostalgia. Largely, people’s enjoyment of the film seems to be directly proportional to their ability to accept Emilia Clarke in the role of Sarah Connor. I fell in love with her as Sarah from the moment I first heard her say, “Come with me if you want to live” in the trailer, so this was absolutely not an issue for me. Many complaints about Clarke seem to hinge on the fact that she is such a petite woman, but let us please not forget that despite the fact that Linda Hamilton was undeniably ripped in T2, she was also a petite woman. Beyond that, Sarah Connor is not and never has been a character who relies on physical strength. She survives through her wits and her weapons expertise; physical fitness, although important to her, was always secondary. There’s no need for her to be physically imposing because she’s not going hand-to-hand with a Terminator (something a human could never hope to do anyway). The thinly veiled body shaming isn’t just sexist; it’s indicative of a lack of understanding of the character. Sarah doesn’t have time for your sexism. All of that said, I’m not writing this to tell you why other people didn’t care for Terminator Genisys. I’m writing this to tell you why I loved this film. Spoiler alert: It’s because of two of the things nearest and dearest to my heart—explosions and feminism. Continue reading →	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Q: Why doesn't IE8 like this JS? IE8 has been throwing this error at me SCRIPT65535: Unexpected call to method or property access. load-scripts.php, line 4 character 25690 I removed a .js file from the code, and the error went away. I started commenting functions out, and narrowed it down to this one. With this one commented, I don't get the error. With it active, I do get it $("title, .ab-item").each(function() { var text = $(this).text(); text = text.replace("RepAgent", "Review Scout"); $(this).text(text); }); I've used JSHint and it says that it's valid? A: I'm pretty sure that Internet Explorer doesn't like you messing with <title> element contents. That's not really how you set the document title anyway; just set document.title.	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
post_install(){ libtool --finish /usr/lib > /dev/null } post_upgrade(){ post_install }	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Before this past Wednesday, you knew Wei-Chung Wang (pronounced “WAY-chung-WONG”), as the Taiwanese Brewers pitcher who was acquired this past offseason in the Rule 5 Draft from Pittsburgh. Post what has now been dubbed “Wei-Chung Wang Wednesday,” (or for those of you on Twitter and Instagram, #WCWW), Wei-Chung is now a viral video star and somewhat of a Milwaukee legend. It all started with some tweets from the Brewers bullpen and quickly escalated when Bullpen Catcher Marcus Hanel posted this video to Instagram: Here, Wei-Chung Wang is featured as the lead dancer, with fellow relievers Tyler Thornburg, Will Smith, Jim Henderson and others serving as back-up dancers to the song “Everybody Wang Chung Tonight” by the Wang Chung Band out of the UK. Since then, the video has been picked up by many news outlets and viewed hundreds of thousands of times, including by the Wang Chung Band: Well, today happens to be Wei-Chung’s birthday and, with #WCWW so fresh in our minds (and “Everybody Wang Chung Tonight” still stuck in our heads), we decided to surprise him with a very special birthday greeting on the scoreboard. Check out his priceless reaction, here: You can bet that Wei-Chung and his teammates certainly are having fun tonight, enjoying a 5–2 win over the Chicago Cubs. The Brewers bullpen reacts to the birthday message. As for me? Here are four words I never thought I’d say: Is it Wednesday yet? https://twitter.com/TylerThornburg/status/459106288060747776 -Cait JohnandCait@brewers.com	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
996 F.2d 1217 NOTICE: Sixth Circuit Rule 24(c) states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Sixth Circuit.UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,v.Dino HOWARD, (92-1566/1567), Frank Bufkin, (92-1608), MarcusDavid Cerna, (92-1675), and Donnie Riggs,(92-1679), Defendants-Appellants. Nos. 92-1566, 92-1567, 92-1608, 92-1675 and 92-1679. United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit. July 2, 1993. Before: MILBURN and NORRIS, Circuit Judges; and WISEMAN, District Judge.* PER CURIAM. 1 In these consolidated cases, defendants Dino Howard (Nos. 92-1566/1567), Frank Bufkin (No. 92-1608), Marcus David Cerna (No. 92-1675), and Donnie Riggs (No. 92-1679) appeal from the judgments of the district court finding them guilty of conspiracy to possess cocaine, cocaine base, and marijuana with the intent to distribute them, a violation of 21 U.S.C. § 846. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the judgments of the district court. 2 On appeal, the issues presented by defendant Dino Howard are: (1) whether the district court abused its discretion when it refused to permit Howard to withdraw his guilty plea, (2) whether Howard's plea agreement should be vacated because the district court failed to establish that his plea was knowingly entered or was supported by a factual basis, (3) whether the district court failed to comply with Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32(a)(1)(A), and (4) whether counsel rendered ineffective assistance when she failed to promptly file a motion to withdraw the guilty plea and failed to challenge the presentence investigation report (PSI). 3 Defendant Marcus David Cerna raises two issues on appeal: (1) whether the district court erred in sentencing him under the guidelines in effect after November 1, 1989; and (2) whether the trial court's finding that Cerna was responsible for 500 to 1500 kilograms of cocaine was clearly erroneous. 4 Finally, defendant Donnie Riggs argues on appeal that (1) there was a prejudicial variance between the indictment and the proof presented at trial, (2) the evidence was insufficient to convict him, and (3) the government failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that he was responsible for 25 to 35 kilograms of cocaine or that he had a supervisory role in the charged conspiracy. 5 Defendant Frank Bufkin argues on appeal that (1) the trial court committed reversible error in not granting his motion for severance, (2) the evidence was insufficient to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, and (3) the jurors did not follow the instructions given to them by the court at the conclusion of the trial. I. A. Facts 6 Darryl Thomas, a key participant during most of the period of the conspiracy, began selling drugs in the Detroit area in 1985 and, within a year, was selling kilogram quantities of cocaine. Eventually, he rose to a high position in a drug distribution network that included 20 to 30 people. In 1985 and 1986, Thomas was selling to wholesale customers Kenny High, Duane Moore, and defendants Donnie Riggs and Frank Bufkin. Thomas was arrested after the lounge he owned was raided by the Detroit Police Department in February 1986. However, when the prosecutor refused to identify a confidential informant, the state court dismissed the drug charges against Thomas, who promptly relocated to Houston, Texas. In Houston, Thomas met with a Detroit friend and co-conspirator, Leroy Johnson. 7 In early 1987, Thomas began obtaining cocaine and marijuana through Johnson's Texas connections and sending it by motor vehicle from Houston to Detroit for further distribution. The drugs were hidden behind the taillights or the side panels of these vehicles. Coconspirators William Sabra and Donna Woods served as principal couriers until Woods was placed in charge of "stash" houses in Detroit. Eventually, drugs were also sent by commercial airlines with four or more young women as couriers. Woods made the flight arrangements and made sure that the couriers were met at the airport. 8 Johnson was apprehended in June 1987 in northern Texas while transporting 10 kilograms of cocaine and 23 pounds of marijuana to Detroit. He was jailed for approximately six months before being released in December 1987 on probation. While in jail, Johnson met Juan Cerna. In early 1988, after they were both released, Juan Cerna introduced Johnson to his brother, defendant Marcus David Cerna. Soon thereafter, Marcus David Cerna began supplying Thomas with large quantities of cocaine as often as several times a week. These drugs were transported by ground and air to Detroit. Thomas subsequently testified that in 1988 and the first half of 1989, David Cerna supplied him with over 1000 kilograms of cocaine. Moore and High were Thomas's higher-volume customers, but over 25 kilograms were reportedly delivered to defendant Bufkin. Defendant Donnie Riggs bought no more than one kilogram at a time. 9 In late 1988 and early 1989, several shipments of cocaine and marijuana were intercepted by law enforcement officials. In response to this pressure, Thomas moved from Houston to Las Vegas, where he was arrested in June 1990. Both Thomas and Johnson eventually agreed to cooperate with the government in return for reduced sentences. Shortly thereafter, defendant Marcus David Cerna, unaware of this cooperation, telephoned Johnson to discuss resuming operations. Under Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) supervision, Johnson then talked to Moore about a possible cocaine deal. Moore sent defendant Dino Howard to negotiate the deal, and DEA agents videotaped the ensuing meeting on January 25, 1991. As a result of the meeting, the Cerna brothers provided four or five kilograms of cocaine to Moore. On March 29, 1991, the Cernas delivered one kilogram of cocaine to Johnson in Houston, at which time DEA agents arrested them. 10 Johnson also arranged a meeting with defendant Bufkin in Southfield, Michigan, which was videotaped by the DEA. At this meeting on February 22, 1991, Bufkin and co-conspirator Andrew Sawyer expressed interest in obtaining more cocaine from Texas. Bufkin also commented that codefendant Giles was still actively distributing cocaine and would buy cocaine in multiple kilogram quantities from Johnson. B. Procedural History 11 On July 2, 1991, fourteen persons, including the appellants, were charged in a fifth superseding indictment with conspiring between June 1987 and March 29, 1991, to possess with intent to distribute, and to distribute, cocaine, cocaine base, and marijuana. In addition, count four charged Marcus David Cerna with unlawfully using a telephone to facilitate the conspiracy. (Counts two and three involved codefendants who are not parties to these consolidated appeals.) 12 Defendant Marcus David Cerna pled guilty to count one on January 27, 1992. In return, the government agreed to dismiss count four and to recommend a two-level reduction in offense level for acceptance of responsibility. The plea agreement further provided for a 293-month cap on Cerna's prison sentence and for no upward or downward departures. There was no agreement as to drug quantity or duration of the conspiracy, and both sides presented to the court their respective positions on these disputed sentencing factors. At the April 28, 1992, sentencing proceeding, the district court found that Cerna was responsible for over 1000 kilograms of cocaine and that the conspiracy continued until 1991. Because the conspiracy continued into 1991, the district court applied the United States Sentencing Guidelines ("U.S.S.G.") that became effective on November 1, 1989. Cerna was sentenced to 276 months imprisonment, given five years of supervised release, and fined $1,500,000. The district court further recommended that Cerna be deported upon completion of his prison term. 13 Defendant Dino Howard entered a guilty plea to count one on February 6, 1992, the morning the consolidated trial was to begin. However, on April 27, well after his codefendants' trial had been completed and the day before his own sentencing, Howard filed a motion to set aside his guilty plea. The district court denied the motion to withdraw and, on April 28, 1992, sentenced Howard to 180 months imprisonment and five years supervised release. 14 Five defendants, including appellants Bufkin and Riggs, went to trial on February 7, 1992. On February 25, 1992, the jury returned a verdict of guilty as to defendants Bufkin, Riggs, and Giles and a verdict of not guilty as to defendants Jackson and Villanueva. Bufkin was sentenced on May 7, 1992, to 160 months imprisonment and five years of supervised release. On May 19, 1992, the district court sentenced Riggs to a prison term of 188 months and five years supervised release. 15 Defendants Howard, Cerna, Bufkin, and Riggs each timely filed a notice of appeal. Howard subsequently filed a second notice of appeal which challenged the same judgment. These appeals were consolidated for decision. II. Howard A. Withdrawal of Guilty Plea 16 The district court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to allow defendant Howard to withdraw his guilty plea. It is well settled that the withdrawal of a guilty plea prior to sentencing is not an absolute right but lies within the sound discretion of the trial judge. United States v. Alexander, 948 F.2d 1002, 1003 (6th Cir.1991) (per curiam), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 1231 (1992); United States v. Spencer, 836 F.2d 236, 238 (6th Cir.1987). The burden is upon the movant to establish a fair and just reason for withdrawal of his plea. Id. at 240. 17 This court has enumerated a number of factors that a district court may consider when evaluating whether a defendant has established, pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(d), a "fair and just reason" to withdraw his guilty plea. They are: (1) whether the movant asserted a defense or has consistently maintained his innocence; (2) the length of time between the entry of the plea and the motion to withdraw; (3) why the grounds for withdrawal were not presented to the court at an earlier time; (4) the circumstances underlying the entry of the guilty plea, the nature and background of the defendant, and whether the defendant has admitted his guilt; and (5) potential prejudice to the government if the motion to withdraw is granted. United States v. Goldberg, 862 F.2d 101, 103-04 (6th Cir.1988); Spencer, 836 F.2d at 238-40. Prejudice to the government need not be established or considered unless and until the court determines that the defendant has established a fair and just reason for vacating his plea. Alexander, 948 F.2d at 1004. A strategic miscalculation by the defendant does not provide grounds for setting aside an otherwise valid guilty plea. United States v. Broce, 488 U.S. 563, 571 (1989). 18 An examination of these factors shows that Howard has not met his burden of proof. Howard has not consistently maintained his innocence. On February 6, 1992, he stated under oath that he was guilty of conspiracy. A solemn declaration of guilt by the defendant carries a presumption of truthfulness. Blackledge v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74 (1977). Howard has not overcome this presumption. Although there may be some disagreement as to the extent of his involvement in the conspiracy, his admissions that he counted the money involved in at least one drug transaction and negotiated another cocaine deal are sufficient to support his plea. Howard's subsequent unsworn protestations of innocence are not persuasive. 19 The district court itself was "disturbed" by the timing of Howard's motion to withdraw. Howard pled guilty on the morning his trial was scheduled to commence. His motion to withdraw was filed some 50 days later, the day before his sentencing and after the trial of his codefendants had ended. Although Howard's counsel took responsibility for the late filing, asserting that Howard had first requested that the plea be withdrawn the day after it was entered, the timing appears to be strategic because the granting of the motion to withdraw would have achieved the same result sought by Howard in his unsuccessful motion for severance. It is difficult to credit counsel's excuse for not filing a motion earlier--she "didn't believe initially that Mr. Howard wanted to proceed with this motion,"--in light of her earlier diligence in filing various pretrial motions. 20 Howard offers no valid reason why his grounds for withdrawal were not presented earlier. In his motion to withdraw the plea, he alleged that his plea was not voluntarily given but was based on outside pressures from codefendants. He also argued that the factual basis provided for the plea was not based upon his personal knowledge. Both assertions are contradicted by Howard's sworn statements at the time of his guilty plea. In response to the court's interrogation, he stated that he was not pleading guilty because of pressure or duress and that he knowingly counted drug proceeds for codefendant Moore in return for $1,000. 21 Finally, the circumstances surrounding the plea indicate that it was voluntarily and knowingly given, as discussed in the following subsection. Moreover, because Howard has failed to establish a fair and just reason to vacate his guilty plea, it is unnecessary for the government to establish prejudice. See Alexander, 948 F.2d at 1004. Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Howard's motion to withdraw his guilty plea. B. Validity of the Plea 22 The totality of the circumstances surrounding Howard's plea of guilty indicates that it was entered voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently. It is therefore constitutionally valid. See Brady v. United States, 397 U.S. 742, 749 (1970); and Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 242-44 (1969). A factual basis for a guilty plea is not required by the Constitution; that requirement stems only from Fed.R.Crim.P. 11. United States v. Timmreck, 441 U.S. 780, 783 (1979). This requirement was met in this case. 23 On February 6, 1992, Howard entered into a Rule 11 plea agreement wherein he agreed to plead guilty to count one of the indictment. In return, the government agreed to a two-level reduction for acceptance of responsibility, a 188-month sentence cap, and a motion for downward departure to a sentence not to exceed 96 months upon a determination of substantial assistance. During its colloquy with defendant, the district court determined directly that defendant understood the charge, the maximum and mandatory minimum penalties, and the rights he was waiving, and that he was acting under no other promises or threats. Under oath, Howard told the court that he was pleading guilty because he was guilty. Moreover, the district court elicited from the defendant a factual basis for the plea. Howard stated that he was paid to count drug money for Duane Moore and admitted meeting with an individual from Texas (Leroy Johnson) to negotiate a drug deal at Moore's direction. There is simply no merit to Howard's claim on appeal that his plea was not knowing or voluntary, or that it lacked a basis in fact. C. Rule 32(a)(1)(A) 24 The district court substantially complied with the requirement of Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(a)(1)(A) which requires the court to "determine that the defendant and defendant's counsel have had the opportunity to read and discuss the presentence investigation report...." Contrary to Howard's belief, this rule does not require the district court to ask the defendant personally if he has read and discussed the report with counsel. Instead, this court has held that a district court need only somehow determine that defendant and counsel have had an opportunity to read and discuss the presentence investigation report (PSI) prior to sentencing. See United States v. Stevens, 851 F.2d 140, 143 (6th Cir.1988). The district court may make this determination from reasonable inferences. Id. at 144. 25 In this case, there is abundant evidence that Howard and his attorney had the opportunity to read and discuss the PSI. First, the addendum to the PSI certifies that it was provided to the defendant and his counsel and that no objections had been filed. More importantly, the district court asked counsel at sentencing if she had reviewed the PSI with her client. Counsel answered affirmatively and defendant did not dispute this answer. Furthermore, counsel proceeded to discuss aspects of the PSI and objections which clearly implied a review with her client. Thus, the district court substantially complied with Rule 32(a)(1)(A), and Howard's claim is meritless. See United States v. Schultz, 855 F.2d 1217, 1225 (6th Cir.1988). 26 Assuming arguendo that the district court committed a technical violation of Rule 32 by failing to interrogate defendant personally, the error would be harmless in light of Howard's failure to demonstrate that erroneous information in the PSI was relied on by the district court in sentencing. See Stevens, 851 F.2d at 143. The disputes raised at sentencing were resolved by the district court at that time. Howard identifies no additional alleged inaccuracies in his appellate brief. D. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 27 Finally, defendant Howard argues that his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance when she failed to promptly file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea and also failed to adequately challenge the PSI. "As a general rule, a defendant may not raise ineffective assistance of counsel claims for the first time on direct appeal, since there has not been an opportunity to develop and include in the record evidence bearing on the merits of the allegations." United States v. August, 984 F.2d 705, 711 (6th Cir.1992) (per curiam) (quoting United States v. Wunder, 919 F.2d 34, 37 (6th Cir.1990)). "The customary procedure followed in this situation by the various circuits is to permit the defendant to raise his ineffectiveness of counsel claim in a proper post-conviction proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255. When, however, the record is adequate to assess the merits of the defendant's allegations, some courts will consider them." Id. Because the decision whether and when to file a motion to withdraw a guilty plea involves strategic decisions, and because the record does not reveal the timing and content of any discussions Howard and his counsel may have had regarding withdrawal of his plea, we will not consider Howard's ineffective assistance claim at this time. III. Cerna A. Duration of the Conspiracy 28 Defendant Marcus David Cerna first argues that the district court erred in finding that the cocaine and marijuana distribution conspiracy continued until the spring of 1991. The effect of this finding was to make the sentencing guidelines of November 1, 1989, applicable to Cerna, and these guidelines resulted in a longer sentence than he would have received if the conspiracy had ended in the summer of 1989, as Cerna contends.1 The probation officer suggested in his presentence report that the conspiracy effectively ended by the summer of 1989 with the arrests of several key conspirators. Defendant contends that any activity occurring in early 1991, including the DEA-monitored delivery of cocaine from Cerna to Johnson, was entirely separate from and unconnected with the charged conspiracy. 29 On the other hand, the government argues that Cerna's 1991 delivery was undertaken in furtherance of the same continuing conspiracy and that the period of quiescence was merely a temporary suspension of activity. The district court's determination that the conspiracy did not end until 1991, as charged in the fifth superseding indictment, is a finding of fact subject to the clearly erroneous standard of review. See United States v. Perez, 871 F.2d 45, 47-48 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 492 U.S. 910 (1989). We conclude that the district court did not clearly err in making this finding. 30 The question of when a particular conspiracy ends depends upon the facts of that case. United States v. Silverstein, 737 F.2d 864, 867 (10th Cir.1984). We have held that where a conspiracy contemplates a continuity of purpose and a continued performance of activity, the conspiracy is presumed to exist until there has been an affirmative showing that the defendant has withdrawn. United States v. Hamilton, 689 F.2d 1262, 1268 (6th Cir.1982), cert. denied, 459 U.S. 1117 (1983). Defendant Cerna does not argue that he affirmatively withdrew from the conspiracy. Rather, he relies on the arrests of Thomas and Johnson and the gap of approximately 21 months in overt acts to show that the charged conspiracy had ended before the November 1, 1989, guidelines took effect. The mere passage of time, however, does not fragment a single conspiracy. United States v. Lokey, 945 F.2d 825, 840 (5th Cir.1991); Hamilton, 689 F.2d at 1269 n. 3. Nor does the arrest of some of its members necessarily terminate a conspiracy. United States v. Robinson, 956 F.2d 1388, 1394 (7th Cir.), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 654 (1992); United States v. DeLeon, 641 F.2d 330, 334 (5th Cir.1981). Courts have recognized that conspirators may temporarily cease operations for a variety of reasons without signalling the end of the conspiracy. United States v. DeVarona, 872 F.2d 114, 119 (5th Cir.1989) (10-month gap in overt acts); United States v. Leavis, 853 F.2d 215, 218 (4th Cir.1988) (8-month gap; a single overall agreement need not be manifested by continuous activity). 31 Both Cerna and the government cite the case of United States v. Napue, 834 F.2d 1311 (7th Cir.1987), to support their respective positions. In Napue, the Seventh Circuit did not find it necessary to decide whether a single conspiracy or multiple conspiracies existed where the government proved overt acts that were separated by two and a half years. Nonetheless, the court registered its concerns: 32 Although we do not necessarily reject the government's characterization, we are troubled by the lapse of some two and a half years between the May 1974 sale and the sale to Wilson in the latter part of 1976. The relationship among Napue, Martinez and Torres terminated following the May 1974 sale. The only one of the 1974 conspirators who seems still to have been associated with Napue in 1976 is his wife, who apparently was buying guns for him from 1974 through 1976. Evidence of a time gap, or the existence of periods in which a defendant was not actively conspiring in the conspiracy, is not necessarily fatal to a theory of a single, continuous conspiracy. United States v. Abraham, 541 F.2d 1234, 1237 (7th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 1102, 97 S.Ct. 1128, 51 L.Ed.2d 552 (1977). Nonetheless, when the period is as long as the one here, we think the government should consider carefully how it will characterize its case in an indictment. The government cannot weave a unitary scheme from episodes that are "so far apart and so differently peopled as to destroy any semblance of relationship." United States v. Goss, 329 F.2d 180, 183 (4th Cir.1964). 33 Napue, 834 F.2d at 1333. This quotation demonstrates that the facts before the Napue court differ markedly from the facts in this case in one important respect. In Napue, the 1976 conspirators differed in identity from the 1974 conspirators. 34 In deciding whether a number of overt acts over time constitute a single conspiracy, key factors include (1) the existence of a common goal, (2) the nature of the scheme, and (3) an overlap in participants. United States v. Maceo, 947 F.2d 1191, 1196 (5th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 1510 (1992). Degree of continuity is, of course, an additional factor to be considered. United States v. Goff, 847 F.2d 149, 166 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 932 (1988). When the facts of this case are examined in light of these factors, it cannot be said that the district court could not have found a single continuing conspiracy. The common goal of the conspirators in 1988 as well as in 1991 was to transport cocaine and marijuana from Houston to Detroit for distribution. The monitored discussions establish that, rather than a new arrangement being formed, the old one was being resumed, with drugs being supplied by and distributed to the same persons as before, necessarily excepting those who had been arrested. Although the time gap in this case is substantial, it is insufficient by itself for us to find that the district court clearly erred in finding that the other factors outweighed it. Because the district court did not err in finding that the conspiracy continued until 1991, it did not err in applying the sentencing guidelines that went into effect on November 1, 1989. B. Quantity of Cocaine 35 Defendant Cerna also challenges the quantity of drugs attributed to him for sentencing purposes. In particular, he argues that the district court erred in relying on evidence of drug quantities presented at the trial of his coconspirators. Cerna contends that the court should have limited its consideration to the amounts admitted by him during his plea proceeding. 36 The quantity of drugs attributable to a defendant is a fact to be found by the sentencing judge during the sentencing process. United States v. Prior, 941 F.2d 427, 430 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 613 (1991). The district court's findings of fact regarding drug quantity are reviewed under a clearly erroneous standard. 18 U.S.C. § 3742; United States v. Williams, 962 F.2d 1218, 1226 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 264 (1992). The prosecution need only prove the quantity of drugs by a preponderance of the evidence. United States v. Davis, 981 F.2d 906, 911-12 (6th Cir.1992), cert. denied, 61 U.S.L.W. 3772 (U.S., May 17, 1993) (No. 92-7927). 37 Cerna's argument that the district court erred in relying upon trial testimony is meritless. This court has held that when a defendant has pleaded guilty, The United States Constitution does not mandate confrontation and cross-examination on sentencing information submitted to the court and that even hearsay which bears an "indicia of reliability" may be considered. United States v. Silverman, 976 F.2d 1502, 1510-11 (6th Cir.1992) (en banc), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 1595 (1993). "Following the mandates of Fed.R.Crim.P. 32 is constitutionally sufficient because they are fundamentally fair and afford the defendant adequate due process protections." Id. at 1510 (emphasis in original). Cerna acknowledges that he was provided with transcripts of the trial testimony (Appellant Cerna's Brief at 11), and he does not argue that the sentencing court did not comply with Rule 32. In this case, the testimony relating to drug quantity was given under oath and was subject to cross-examination, albeit not by Cerna. It thus bears "indicia of reliability" sufficient to permit its use without impinging on Cerna's due process rights. Id. at 1513. 38 The evidence presented clearly supports the district court's finding that defendant David Cerna was responsible for at least 500 kilograms of cocaine. Darryl Thomas testified that Cerna was the conspiracy's primary source of cocaine in 1988 and 1989. He estimated that Cerna supplied him with "at least a thousand kilos" during that time. J.A. 344. Cocaine was in plentiful supply and Thomas was sending shipments to Detroit at least once a week and up to 12 or 13 times a month. Donna Woods testified that as many as three suitcases of cocaine would be shipped at a time with 6-10 kilograms per suitcase. At times there were three to five shipments in one week. Cerna himself, testifying during his plea proceeding, admitted to selling "up to 500, 400, 5" kilograms of cocaine in 1988 and 1989. J.A. 236-37. Thus, the district court's finding that Cerna provided a conservative estimate of the drugs he sold and that the true figure was somewhere between Cerna's estimate of "up to 500" and Thomas's estimate of 1000 kilograms is not clearly erroneous. 39 Moreover, this finding does not take into consideration the unspecified quantity of marijuana that Cerna admitted to selling. See Williams, 962 F.2d at 1227 ("Under U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3, the district court must consider all quantities of drugs involved in the same conspiracy."). The amount of marijuana seized by law enforcement officers on April 7, 1989, alone was 78 pounds. Accordingly, the government met its burden of proof in establishing the quantity of 500 to 1500 kilograms of cocaine necessary to support Cerna's base offense level of 40. IV. Riggs 40 A. Variance Between Indictment and the Proof 41 Defendant Riggs argues that there was a prejudicial variance between the single conspiracy charged in the indictment and the proof at trial, which allegedly showed only his involvement in a separate, smaller conspiracy. Whether a single conspiracy or multiple conspiracies have been proven is a question of fact to be resolved by the jury. United States v. Hughes, 895 F.2d 1135, 1140 (6th Cir.1990). The key question is whether "each alleged member agreed to participate in what he knew to be a collective venture directed toward a common goal." United States v. Paulino, 935 F.2d 739, 748 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 315, 323, 660, and 883 (1991). "Further, in a 'chain conspiracy,' such as the one at issue here, it is enough that each member of the conspiracy realizes that he is participating in a joint enterprise, even if he does not know the identities of many of the participants." Id. 42 We recently discussed the same issue Riggs now raises: 43 If an indictment alleges one conspiracy, but the evidence can be construed as only supporting a finding of multiple conspiracies, a variance results. United States v. Warner, 690 F.2d 545, 548 (6th Cir.1982). However, even if a variance exists, it does not constitute reversible error "unless it prejudice[s] [the defendant's] substantial rights." United States v. Guerra-Marez, 928 F.2d 665, 671 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 322 and 112 S.Ct. 443 (1991) (quoting United States v. Richerson, 833 F.2d 1147, 1154-55 (5th Cir.1987)). Moreover, "[i]f the government proves multiple conspiracies and a defendant's involvement in at least one of them, then clearly there is no variance affecting that defendant's substantial rights." Guerra-Marez, 928 F.2d at 672 (quoting United States v. L'Hoste, 609 F.2d 796, 801 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 883 (1980)). 44 United States v. Lee, 991 F.2d 343, 349 (6th Cir. April 20, 1993). 45 The conspiracy charged in Lee was similar to that alleged in the indictment in this case. It involved the shipment of cocaine from a supplier in Miami to a principal distributor, Dortch, in Detroit. Defendant Lee's main role in the conspiracy was to assist Dortch in the distribution of the drugs to his customers in Detroit. We held that 46 [a]lthough Dortch may have had several "customers" in the Detroit area, each of these customers were part of the same "chain" conspiracy, the object of which was the transportation of cocaine from Florida to Michigan and the distribution of the cocaine in the Detroit area. Thus, defendant's assertions that the government proved the existence of multiple conspiracies rather than a single conspiracy and that, as a consequence, a variance resulted between the charges in the indictment and the evidence presented at trial are meritless. 47 Id. 48 Similarly, even though defendant Riggs was only one of Thomas' customers who further distributed the drugs on the street, he was part of the overall conspiracy to transport cocaine and marijuana from Houston to Detroit for further sale. The proof at trial established that Riggs was not, as he contends, at the end of the chain and, thus, an end-user. Rather, the reference to his workers and the inference of resale from his purchase of kilogram quantities shows that his role was that of a "middle-man." 49 Moreover, trial testimony established that Riggs was aware of other members of the conspiracy and, to some extent, their roles. Donna Woods testified that Riggs picked up cocaine from her apartment in Detroit. Leroy Johnson stated that he was introduced to Riggs on occasions when he went to Detroit between December 1987 and August 1988. Finally, Duane Moore testified that, in the course of picking up his own drugs, he got to know other customers of Thomas, including Riggs. See United States v. Miley, 513 F.2d 1191, 1207 (2d Cir.) (single conspiracy will be upheld where the evidence "permit[s] the inference that the persons at a particular level must have known that others were performing similar roles"), cert. denied, 423 U.S. 842 (1975). 50 In this case, the district court fully instructed the jury on the possibility of multiple conspiracies. The evidence supports the jury's conclusion that the government established a single chain conspiracy and that Riggs was a link in it. There was no prejudicial variance. B. Insufficient Evidence 51 Riggs also argues that the evidence was insufficient to establish his guilt of the conspiracy charged.2 He contends that the evidence, at best, shows him to be guilty only of a separate, smaller conspiracy. 52 In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, this court determines whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the government, any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979); United States v. Head, 927 F.2d 1361, 1365 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 144 (1991). In making this determination, circumstantial evidence is entitled to the same weight as direct evidence. United States v. Frost, 914 F.2d 756, 762 (6th Cir.1990) (citing Holland v. United States, 348 U.S. 121, 140 (1954)). Further, "the uncorroborated testimony of an accomplice may support a conviction under federal law." Frost, 914 F.2d at 762 (quoting United States v. Gallo, 763 F.2d 1504, 1518 (6th Cir.1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1068 (1986)). Further, this court will not remake credibility determinations. "It is for [jurors] and not for appellate courts, to say that a particular witness spoke the truth or fabricated a cock-and-bull story." Gallo, 763 F.2d at 1518 (quoting United States v. Bailey, 444 U.S. 394, 414-15 (1980)). 53 When the evidence is viewed in this light, it is clear that a rational jury could easily have found defendant Riggs guilty of taking part in the charged conspiracy to distribute cocaine and marijuana. Darryl Thomas, one of the highest-ranking members of the conspiracy, testified that he personally delivered drugs to Riggs. He further testified that Riggs, while not a high-volume customer, nonetheless received one or two kilograms of cocaine per delivery and that a few pounds "here and there" of marijuana would go to Riggs. Donna Woods also testified that Riggs was one of the customers who would pick up cocaine approximately once every two weeks from the "stash" house she managed. Further testimony regarding Riggs's involvement was presented by Leroy Johnson and Duane Moore. Assuming that the jury found these witnesses to be credible, there was ample evidence to convict Riggs of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and marijuana. Moreover, as discussed above, the jury could reasonably have found the existence of a single conspiracy and rejected Riggs' claim of a separate, smaller conspiracy. C. Quantity of Cocaine/Supervisory Role 54 The district court's findings that defendant Riggs was responsible for between 25 and 35 kilograms of cocaine and that he had a supervisory role in the conspiracy are not clearly erroneous. The prosecution must prove the quantity of drugs attributable to Riggs and his supervisory role by a preponderance of the evidence. See Davis, 981 F.2d at 911-12; United States v. Castro, 908 F.2d 85, 90 (6th Cir.1990). 55 Pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(2), the entire quantity of drugs attributable to a distribution enterprise is included in determining the base offense level of a conspirator. See United States v. Blankenship, 954 F.2d 1224, 1228 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 113 S.Ct. 288 (1992). However, the Commentary to the guideline observes that, in the case of a conspiracy which includes the conduct of many participants over a substantial period of time, relevant conduct is not necessarily the same for every participant. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3, comment. (n. 1). The district court attributed to Riggs only the quantity of drugs shown by a preponderance of the evidence to have been delivered to him personally. 56 Riggs was portrayed at trial as a relatively low-volume customer of Darryl Thomas. Thomas testified that Riggs purchased only about one kilogram of cocaine at a time. Riggs points out, however, that Thomas did not testify as to the number of one-kilogram purchases made, and he argues that the 25-kilogram estimate was a mere guess insufficient to establish a base offense level. See Davis, 981 F.2d at 911. 57 Riggs argued at sentencing that he could reasonably be held responsible only for between two and seven kilograms of cocaine. However, the district court could easily have found that Riggs purchased at least 25 kilograms because Thomas testified that in 1988 and 1989, Riggs was getting a "regular amount" of one or two kilograms per delivery. Thomas also testified that Riggs was his regular customer and that Thomas was making 12 or 13 deliveries a month to Detroit during 1988 and 1989. If Riggs received even one delivery per week for twelve months, he would have received many more than the 25 kilograms he was held responsible for. 58 Donna Woods testified that, during a five to seven-month period, Riggs picked up a kilogram of cocaine from her apartment about once every two weeks. This statement would account for 10 to 14 kilograms during that time period alone. Although Leroy Johnson testified that the amounts purchased by Riggs were closer to half-kilograms than kilograms, the district court could have placed more weight on the estimates of Thomas and Woods, who were more directly involved in the distribution to Riggs than was Johnson. Thus, the district court did not clearly err in basing Riggs' offense level upon 25 to 35 kilograms of cocaine. 59 In addition, there was no clear error in the district court's finding that Riggs played a supervisory role in the conspiracy. Thomas' testimony placed him over a number of "couriers," "guys on the street." J.A. 343. Moreover, Woods testified that when Riggs picked up cocaine, he would bring along someone else and would hand the drugs to that person. There was no evidence presented either at trial or at sentencing to the contrary and the evidence thus supports the district court's two-level enhancement of Riggs' sentence pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 3B1.1(c). 60 Finally, like Cerna, Riggs objects to the district court's reliance on trial testimony and hearsay in establishing his offense level. Like Cerna, his argument fails for the same reasons. V. Bufkin A. Motion for Severance 61 Defendant Bufkin argues that the district court abused its discretion when it denied his motion for severance. See Opper v. United States, 348 U.S. 84, 95 (1954); United States v. Davis, 809 F.2d 1194, 1207 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 483 U.S. 1007 and 1008 (1987). The general rule is that defendants who are jointly indicted should be tried together. Id. at 1207. This rule is particularly applicable to cases involving conspiracy. See United States v. Horton, 847 F.2d 313, 317 (6th Cir.1988). "In order to escape the general rule, the defendant 'must carry the heavy burden of showing specific and compelling prejudice resulting from a joint trial which can be rectified only by separate trials." Davis, 809 F.2d at 1207 (quoting U.S. v. Pickett, 746 F.2d 1129, 1134 (6th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1226 (1985)). The mere fact that each defendant "points the finger" at another is insufficient to show prejudice sufficient to warrant severance. Horton, 847 F.2d at 317. Instead, the defendant must show that the jury is unable to separate and to treat distinctively evidence that is applicable to each particular defendant. Id.; Gallo, 763 F.2d at 1524. 62 Bufkin has not met this standard. To support his motion for severance, he offered only general and conclusory statements regarding potential prejudice from the possible admission of a codefendant's statement without the opportunity to cross-examine, antagonistic defenses, and the spillover of evidence aimed at codefendants. Even on appeal, Bufkin fails to identify any specific prejudice, stating only that "the defenses advanced by the codefendants at trial reflected unfairly on Frank Bufkin." Appellant Bufkin's Brief at 17. This falls far short of the "specific and compelling" prejudice required to reverse the district court's decision. B. Insufficient Evidence 63 Defendant Bufkin next argues that the evidence presented by the government was insufficient to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. This argument is meritless. 64 Bufkin's role in the conspiracy as one of Thomas' customers was described by the same witnesses who testified as to Riggs' involvement; viz., Thomas, Johnson, and Moore. Moreover, the government presented in evidence a videotape and an audiotape that graphically demonstrated Bufkin's knowledge of and involvement in the conspiracy. Special Agent Brian Haltom, the primary investigator in this case, also described his observations of Bufkin's meeting with Johnson to negotiate further cocaine transactions on February 22, 1991. Bufkin's argument that this testimony could not prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt because those testifying were doing so as government agents or informants is utterly without merit. See Gallo, 763 F.2d at 1518. C. Failure of Jury to Follow Instructions 65 Finally, defendant Bufkin argues that the jury did not follow the court's instruction that "[p]roof on [sic] an agreement between a defendant and a Government agent or an informer alone, will not be sufficient to prove a conspiracy." His theory is that the only witnesses who tied him to the conspiracy, principally Thomas and Johnson, testified in exchange for reduced sentences. Their plea agreements, according to Bufkin, made them government agents or informers within the meaning of the court's instruction. Bufkin also argues that, because the videotaped meeting between him and Johnson was arranged while Johnson was cooperating with the DEA, Johnson was not a true coconspirator. Therefore, this evidence was insufficient to prove a conspiracy under the court's instruction. To support his argument, which is really a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, Bufkin cites United States v. Barboa, 777 F.2d 1420, 1422 (10th Cir.1985) ("[T]here can be no indictable conspiracy involving only the defendant and government agents or informers"). See also United States v. Pennell, 737 F.2d 521, 536 (6th Cir.1984), cert. denied, 469 U.S. 1158 (1985). ("[P]roof of an agreement between a defendant and a government agent or informer will not support a conspiracy conviction"). 66 Bufkin's argument fails because the rule that government agents do not count as coconspirators is limited to situations in which the conspiracy involves only one defendant and a government informer. See United States v. Giry, 818 F.2d 120, 126 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 484 U.S. 855 (1987). The fact that a coconspirator withdraws from the conspiracy and becomes a government informant does not terminate the conspiracy if at least two private coconspirators remain. United States v. Miranda-Ortiz, 926 F.2d 172, 175 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 347 (1991). Although recorded conversations between the defendant and an informer or agent cannot establish a conspiracy, they may be used as evidence of a conspiracy between the defendant and other conspirators. United States v. Esparsen, 930 F.2d 1461, 1472 n. 11 (10th Cir.1991), cert. denied, 112 S.Ct. 882 (1992); United States v. Elledge, 723 F.2d 864, 866 (11th Cir.1984). 67 In this case, the government proved that Bufkin was involved in the conspiracy before Thomas and Johnson began cooperating with the government. It also demonstrated that the conspiracy was capable of continuing after Thomas' arrest and even after Johnson began cooperating with the government. Consequently, the jury could conscientiously follow the court's instructions and find that Bufkin participated in a true conspiracy to distribute drugs. VI. 68 For the reasons stated, the judgments of the district court are AFFIRMED in all respects. * Honorable Thomas A. Wiseman, Jr., United States District Judge for the Middle District of Tennessee, sitting by designation 1 The guidelines in effect prior to November 1, 1989, provided for a maximum base offense level of 36 for cocaine-related offenses involving 50 kilograms or more of cocaine. However, the guidelines that took effect on November 1, 1989, provided for longer sentences where large amounts of drugs were involved. Under the latter guidelines, as applied to defendant Cerna, a base offense level of 40 is required for offenses involving at least 500 but less than 1500 kilograms of cocaine 2 Riggs moved for judgment of acquittal pursuant to Fed.R.Crim.P. 29 upon completion of the government's proof and again at the close of all evidence	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
Alex Rodriguez’s nephew briefly held against his will in New York City, police sources say iStock/Thinkstock (NEW YORK) -- The nephew of former New York Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez was briefly held against his will in a New York City hotel, according to New York Police Department police sources. Rodriguez's nephew, Norberto Susini, 29, met with two men at the Mariott Marquis hotel in Times Square on Wednesday to facilitate the sale of a Lamborghini, NYPD police sources told ABC News. The prospective buyers -- Lamin Vucetovic, 33, and Anthony Gilkes, 30 -- demanded their $30,000 deposit back from Susini, according to police sources. When Susini hesitated, the men held him in his hotel room against his will, police sources said. Vucetovic and Gilkes then attempted to ransom Susini's business partners, who instead called police. Susini was identified by police sources as Rodriguez's nephew. Vucetovic and Gilkes were arrested and were expected to be arraigned Thursday afternoon, police sources said. Vucetovic is charged with kidnapping, while Gilkes is charged with unlawful imprisonment. The Manhattan District Attorney’s Office will now determine if they will prosecute this case. Check Also WABC-TV(NEW YORK) -- It was the best of the Christmas spirit, and it was the worst of the Christmas spirit.New Jersey officials said that more than $114,000 of about $510,000 in cash that spilled out of the two plastic bags in the back of a Brinks armo...	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Following The Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, Dumas continued his D’Artagnan romances with a final trilogy [The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Louise de la Valliere, The Man in the Iron Mask] set during the reign of Louis XIV. The Man in the Iron Mask is the swashbuckling conclusion to Dumas’s musketeer saga and pits the brave band of heroes against each other in a power struggle that could change the face of the French monarchy. Thirty-five years after the events of The Three Musketeers, D’Artagnan, Athos, Porthos and Aramis find themselves caught between conflicting loyalties in a power struggle that could change the face of the French monarchy. For eight long years, a young prisoner has languished within the dreaded Bastille, his face hidden in an iron mask. He knows neither his true identity nor the crime for which he has been imprisoned. But Aramis knows this secret — a secret so dangerous, it could topple the King from his throne! Will his cause divide the once indivisible band of musketeers? A tale of mystery, adventure, and political intrigue, this conclusion to Dumas’s swashbuckling musketeer saga is based on the true story of a masked prisoner who dwelled in the Bastille during Louis XIV’s reign and whose identity remains in question to this day. Strangely enough, this was actually the first book in the series that I read. I somehow hadn’t realized that the books were actually chronological rather than just thematically-related, and so I didn’t notice that it mattered. It was only after I read this book that I went back to the beginning of the series and started from there. Having said that, it was still entirely possible to understand – and enjoy – The Man in the Iron Mask without having read the other books. There is a sense that you don’t know the full depth and breadth of the relationship between the musketeers since you don’t know details about their past escapades, and occasionally also those of the other main characters, but it wasn’t as much of a hindrance as you might expect. It definitely might help you remember all the different names and titles, though, if you’ve been following them along from the beginning. What this book does really well is the intrigue and the ways that each of the characters respond to each others’ participation in the events of the book. It was far more complex than I had been expecting from an adventure series, which was good. In the end, though, I thought that the plot line regarding the title character was a little flat. For such a long book, I was surprised that this character appeared so little and was in and out of the narrative quite quickly, leaving Dumas to mostly tell the story of the aftermath. Also, while I’m not one of those people who always wants a happy ending, I felt that The Man in the Iron Mask, as the end of such a great series, was a little bit too pessimistic in the end. Although perhaps it’s a sign of the times in which it was written and whatever social commentary Dumas was trying to make. As usual, Simon Vance did a fantastic job narrating. Since this was the first book I had listened to in the series, it was really helpful to me to hear the distinctions he made between characters’ voices, speech patterns, and cadences – it helped me to keep them apart. I particularly enjoyed his depiction of Porthos. If you’ve made it this far in the series, pick up The Man in the Iron Mask. It’s not my favourite one of the installments, but I still enjoyed it enough to recommend that you finish out the series.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
"Please." "Where is he?" "Where's Roy?" ""He lives, but without a life." ""He lives in a closet." "An antisocial loner with a love of gadgets. "" "I wasn't writing about you!" ""Society doesn't notice him because he's invisible, normal and ordinary. "" "You're not ordinary." "You're gifted, intelligent and" "Huh!" "And you're just trying to butter me up." "Look." "If you're angry at what I wrote, let's- let's talk." "But leave Roy out of it." " Did you come alone?" " No backup." "Good." "Chapter six." "You have 90 seconds." " No!" "Please!" " How do you raise an attack dog?" "The answer is right in front of you." "I'm a cop." "I'm looking for anything about my brother." "Yeah." "You're that lady on the book cover." "Some guy brought this by for you." "He said you'd understand." "Chapter six." ""You raise an attack dog alone as a puppy." "You give it a biscuit... when it bites. "" "I think I've seen you on TV." "Roy!" "You're a bad cop and you wrote a bad book." " Roy!" " You don't know how it feels to kill." "I'm gonna give you deeper insight." "Go away!" "One door is wired to explode and one is not." "You can save your brother or kill him trying." " Do you know?" " No!" "Twelve seconds to read my mind." "Which door would the killer in your book pick?" "Nine seconds, Jennifer." " Get out!" " No!" "Peters, get out now!" "No!" "No!" "No!" "No!" "We got a cop down!" "Get an ambulance now." "Get it!" "Get an ambulance!" "The early Christian philosophers borrowed from Plato... when writing about evil, but, uh..." "St. Augustine... changed this from an objective... to a more subjective creation." "Uh, for instance, St. Augustine believed... that evil was beyond the reach of no man." "So did Freud." "Yeah, well" "Freud isn't exactly my favorite moral philosopher." "Man's struggle against evil started in the Garden... and continues unabated... because of the fall." "Who once said, "Evil is the blemish of our species... that will not spare even the best man"?" "Henry?" "Anyone?" " Yeah, Kevin." " Kant." "Very good." "The 19th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant." "Actually, it's the 18th century." "Kant died in 1804, but wrote his major works in the 18th century." "Thank you, Kevin." "The devil is in the details." "I stand corrected." "You hardly speak up... but when you do, it's worth the wait." "You have a first-rate mind, Kevin." "But about your thesis" "I'm still waiting on that prodigal first draft." "I have hit a wall." "Well, search along the wall... till you find a door." "Hey, genius." "Nice call on Kant." "And another piece of advice." "If you're blocked, take a day off." "Get out into the fresh air while you still can." "Before you end up an old dried-up professor like me." "That'd be an honor, sir." "But I do need to see an outline before the end of next week." "No shirking." "You know what I'm capable of." "Wrath." " Hello?" "You have three minutes... to confess your sin before I blow your car up." "Someone must have left this phone in the car." "It's not" "Kevin Parson, you can't hide in the seminary." "You can't drive away from your past." " Who is this?" " Don't you remember me, Kevin?" "I'm hanging up." "You're passing into the Harbor Tunnel." "Your clock reads 2:57." "And you don't remember what to confess." "Here's a clue." "What falls but never breaks?" "What breaks but never falls?" " What falls" " Is this a joke?" " Don't believe and die." "Hello?" "Get back!" "Liar." "Don't you remember me, Kevin?" "You remember everything." "Liar." "Liar." "Liar." "I thought he had the wrong person." " Then he said my name." " Mm-hmm." "What falls but never breaks?" "What breaks but never falls?" " What does that mean to you?" " What does it mean?" "Nothing." "It's nonsense." "Kevin, we didn't find a cell phone." "Maybe it burned up in the blast." "So he called you some names... gives you a riddle, tells you your car's gonna blow." "That's it." "Nothing else?" "No." "You heard of R.K., right?" "The Riddle Killer." "You must have been living in a box not to have." "R.K. 's been making all the press." "And why would someone like this come after me?" "Have you done anything to, uh, call attention to yourself?" "Made any enemies?" " Who is he?" " It's Kevin Parson." "Seminary student." "R.K. Tends to pick on those he perceives as rising up above the herd." "Both parents died in a car accident." "Raised by his aunt." "No siblings." " How does he make a living?" " He lives off his parents' life insurance." "He has a B.S. In engineering... an M.A. In English lit... and he's working on his Ph. D. In theology." "A professional student." "Yep." "It's too early." "Way too early." "I haven't cleared you yet." "This is R.K. We can get him." "Yes, I know." "If he gets a whiff you're on this... he may come after you again." "Oh, don't worry about me." "The question we should be asking is:" "Why is Kevin Parson still alive?" " What's over here?" " Watch your step." "Watch your step." "Wow." "That's a lot of books." "You read 'em all?" "Books?" "Not yet." "So, I got something for you here." "Um" "Here we are." "It's, uh, an alarm beeper." "Just press the button and we'll come running." "And it also has a tracking device on it." "It's a pretty cool toy." " Hmm." " Good-bye." "Come on." "Get out." "So keep it on you." "And don't worry." "There's, uh- There's never been a second attack." "Well, technically, no one's ever survived the first attack." "The car explosion that happened earlier today... is linked to the Commerce Street explosion that killed Roy Peters... the brother of noted police profiler Dr. Jennifer Peters." "Now the police are currently speaking with the owner of the vehicle, Kevin Parson." "But we don't believe he was injured." "Hello, Kevin." "Did you tell the police everything, or did you leave out the best parts?" "No police!" " Or I may tell them what you did." " Who are you?" "Who are you, Kevin?" "Are you still the lonely boy in a blue house... taking comfort from your pain with a black puppy?" "Don't answer that!" "We're not finished yet." "Kevin, it's Sam." "I just saw the news." " I wanna make sure you're okay." "I'm gonna come over." "Sam!" "Sam!" " You swore that you would never go back there." " Why are you doing this?" " Would you go back to save Damon?" "You have 60 minutes to save a life you value... but no police." "That's my number one rule." "Damon." "Here it comes, sweetie." "Hi, Kevin." "Oh." "Hey, Bobby." "L" " I have a new computer." "Y" " You wanna see it?" "That's really cool, man." "Hey, I'm gonna go say hi to Damon, okay?" "Damon misses you." "Where'd you go?" "Shut the door!" "And don't talk to strangers." "Ah, i-it's Kevin." "He came back home." "That's not Kevin, pumpkin." "That's a stranger." "Look, Balinda, I just came to check on Damon... then I'm gonna get out of here." "Oh, you turned running away into an art form, huh?" "Damon." "Hey, buddy." "You okay?" "Hey." "Kevin!" "Kevin, is that you, old boy?" " Hey, Eugene." " Kevin, where you been?" "Huh?" "Damon!" "Do not play with strangers!" "He's poison." "Eugene, just don't stand there." "Control your animal!" " If you don't, I will." " Damon, back in your house." "No!" "You have to growl at that dog." "You have to use more authority, more discipline!" "I say there, canine." "To the kennel with you..." " or it shall be the whip for your blasted hide." " Firmer!" " Come here, beast." " More English." "Stay!" "Stay, I say." "Put him in the house." "Very good!" "Very good!" "Ke-Kevin, I have a new computer." "You wanna see it?" " Stay!" " It's a brand-new computer." " Princess gave it to me." "You wanna see it?" " Yeah." " Stay in your place." " It's so great." "I can play with it up till 10:00 at night." " Then it's bedtime." " Very good!" " No!" " No, no, no, no, no." "You wait." "You wait here." "Damon!" "Damon!" "Damon!" "Damon!" " What did I do?" " It wasn't you!" " Where's Damon?" " I know who." "It was you." "You did this!" "Why?" "Why?" "To hurt me again?" "Huh?" " No." " Puppy!" "Someone's trying to kill me." "Shut your lying, filthy mouth." "We hate you!" "That's right, traitor." "You go!" "Go!" "Leave!" "Leave!" "Leave!" "Who's there?" "Sam." "Mmm." "I missed you." "You look good." "So do you." "There's some dirt on your face." "I love this place." "You okay?" "I don't know." " You know, you shouldn't be here." " Of course I should." " No, Sam." "Someone's stalking me." " I'm not leaving." "They blew up my car." "They killed Damon." "I just don't want you near this." " Look, I'm near criminals every single day." " I know." "You know, I've got a cop right across the street." "Yeah." "He's asleep." "I have no idea what he meant." "What falls but never breaks?" "What breaks but never falls?" "Night falls and day breaks." "The answer could be day and night." "Meaning what though?" "I don't know yet." "I'm gonna take this and give it to a friend at the lab." " Take it." " Do you have a bag or something?" "Yeah, probably in the kitchen." "I should probably check into a motel." "Just stay here." "I mean- You know what I mean." "I'll stay on the couch." " This okay?" " Yeah." "I'm gonna need your spoon... so I can get a control sample and exclude your prints." "Staying here... probably wouldn't be the best idea." "Why?" "Probably stay up talking all night, and you need to rest." "Hey, we can't talk to the police." "Okay, but we might have to." "I just don't want you to get hurt." "Kevin?" "Hi, Kevin." " Hi, Sam." " Let's go." "I can't." "Balinda won't let me." "So?" " I can't." " Why not?" " We could take the bus together." " I know, but my mom likes teaching me." "She's not your mom." "She's your aunt." "So, do you have a boyfriend at school?" "I have a boyfriend, but he doesn't go to my school." " Who is he?" " It's a secret." "He's my knight in shining armor." "Come closer and I'll tell you." "What benefit did you get from those things which you are now ashamed?" "For the end of those things is death." "What?" " What's going on?" " We're trying to get into the club." " Yeah, sure." "Go home." " I don't have" "Hey!" "You girls are 15." "Hey, sorry." "Sorry." "We're both 21." "Can you not just let us in?" "We were here the other day." " No chance." "Just go." "Please." " What do you mean, "Just go"?" "I could lose my job." "Let me help you." "Ooh!" "Kevin Parson?" "I want to ask you a question about the Riddle Killer." " I understand you've been talking to him." " Get a real job." "I got a real job." "And that's private property." "Yeah, well, this could trigger a repeat attack." "We need to talk." "Hope you take it with milk." "Hey!" "Sorry about your brother." " You look like you've been up all night." " I have been." "Is this the only way in and out?" "There's a fire escape." "Close to your brother?" "Yeah." "Who was the visitor?" "Someone I grew up with." "Samantha Sheer." "She, uh" " She saw what happened to me in the news." "She's an insurance investigator." "What, and she came by to check your life insurance?" "She's a friend." "Anyone else?" "He was in here." "He left a cell phone in a book." "What did he say?" "Nothing." "Hejust- Hejust called me names again." "Well, show me the cell." "It's gone." "I think he came back in here and took it." " Well, can you show me the book?" " Sam has it." "Do you know who we're dealing with?" "Three people have died." "I need that book." "So call your friend." "From now on, make sure I see everything first." "Okay." "You ever play chess?" "What does that have to do with any of this?" "He made a move and you countered and he liked it." "He'll move again." "Great." "He'll be watching and listening to everything." " What?" "You mean, like now?" " Shh!" "He said no police." "You're a cop." "He said no police." "You're a cop." "Kevin always was a nasty little tattletale." "Help me." "Help me." "Please help me." "Help me." "You'll need to get this together right away." "9:00." "He said I had to be here at 9:00." "I don't wanna die!" "Get it off me!" "Please!" "Two questions:" "How did he choose you?" "And why did he choose you?" "How did he choose your brother?" "Oh, Roy was a means at getting... at me." "L" " I wrote a book he didn't find very authentic." "He didn't like me going on talk shows, promoting it." "Anyway" "Yeah, maybe I did get a little too full of myself." "Pride comes before a fall." "Writing a book is no sin." "Well, neither is going to a seminary." "So let's start yesterday and work back as far as you can... every place you ever went." "You wanna hear my whole life story?" "I have a full tank." "It won't take a full tank." "A guy just walked into precinct headquarters with a bomb strapped on him." "Hold still!" " "Wages of sin"!" " What?" "The wages of sin." "He left a message." "The wages of sin." "The wages of sin is" " Death." " It's a Bible verse." "Your stalker doesn't like seminary students." "He went after one of your classmates" " HenryJameson." " Henry?" "Oh!" " Give me the book and verse number." " It's from Romans." "Look in Romans." " Where's the bomb squad?" " They won't make it in time." " Maybe we should just move him." " What?" " Keep it clear." "Keep it clear." " Wait here!" " Let's go!" "Let's go!" " Okay, now!" " Get out!" " Okay." "Okay." "Here it is right here." "Romans 6:23." ""The wages of sin"" "Okay." " Kevin!" "Kevin!" " Get him." "Help me!" "Help me!" "Help me." ""What benefit did you get from the things which you are now ashamed?" " "For the end of those things is" " Help me." "Death. "" "Help me!" "What's the third number?" "We need a third number." "Okay." "There's six letters in "Romans. "Let's try 6-6-23." "Get out!" "Everybody out!" "What are you doing here?" "Get out!" "Out!" " Everybody out!" " Clear the building!" " Get it off me!" " Come on!" " Your stalker went after someone else?" " Please hurry." " What happened?" " It's my fault if he dies." " You can't blame yourself for this." " Six." " Six." " Get it off him!" "Hey, you!" "And you!" "Out now!" "Go!" " Get it off!" " Okay." "Let's go." "Let's go, Kevin." " Twenty-three." " Hurry, please!" "Go, go." "Go, go." "Go!" "Okay." "Okay." "I hate the way you pukes look." "The way you speak." "The way you smell." "Liar." "You're all rotten to the core." "Liar." "Liars!" "You remember everything." "It's the boy." " What boy?" " The boy in the park." " When we were kids and used to sneak out together." " Yeah, okay." "I remember." "Sometimes-Sometimes I'd see this boy." "He liked watching us." " Kevin, I don't know what you're getting" " At your window." "I told you about him." "I remember one night I caught him at your window." "He was looking at you, watching you." "Hey, you!" "What are you looking at, puke?" "Run, puke!" "He chased me..." "through the park." "No!" " I thought he was going to kill me." " No!" "He warned me not to tell you." " No!" " You tell anybody about me" "I won't." "And I'll kill you next time." "Well, thank goodness you did." "My dad chased him away." "He didn't live in our neighborhood." "My dad won't let me out." "We never saw him again." "I saw him again." "You never told me." "I never told anyone." "Run!" "Tattletale!" "You're gonna die!" "Run!" "Run, you little moron!" "Run!" "He chased me..." " into this old warehouse." " No!" "Run!" "No!" "Nice tomb." "Nice and quiet." "Thanks for bringing us down here." " No!" " Go ahead." "Scream!" "No one's gonna hear you down here, snitch." "You know what I'm gonna make you do?" "You're gonna bite off your own tongue, puke!" "Bite it, tattletale!" "Then I'm gonna visit your stuck-up girlfriend." "Hey!" "I'm gonna kill you!" "I'm gonna kill both of you!" "I stood there... thinking ifhe got out, he might hurt you." "What did you do?" "I left him to die." "I never went back." "Never told anyone." "That's my sin." "I tried to forget it ever happened." "Maybe" "Maybe going to the seminary was my act of penitence." "He must've gotten out." "Someone would have found his body." " We live nearby." "It would have been in the news." " He got out." "And now he's stalking me." "It's pretty far-fetched to think that after all these years... someone would plan to get even with us for something that happened when we were kids." "He tried to kill Henry." "Maybe- Maybe he setJennifer up... to get her into our game." "Well, forget the game." "We're leaving town." " Where?" " My place for starters and then we'll go from there." "Okay?" "Hey!" "That's my thesis!" "Sam, grab it!" "Kevin, be careful." "It's him!" "I'm calling the cops." "Stay away from the window." " No, we can't!" " You can't." "I can." "You know, I couldn't really see him." "When you turned around, were his eyes at your eye level?" " I didn't see his eyes." " So you don't know if he was tall, short, fat, thin?" "No." " Kevin Parson left when we cleared the building." " Well, bring him back." "Calm down with the orders." "I never put you on this." "I'm on this." "Phone call for you." "Samantha Sheer." " Hello?" " Yeah, I'm a friend of Kevin Parson's." " Right." "Insurance." "Where's Kevin?" " We're at his place." "We may just have seen his stalker at his window." "He had a camera." "He was taking pictures of Kevin." "Josh, send units to cordon off a 20-block grid centered on Short and Vine." "Look for a guy with a camera." "Listen." "It's not safe." "I want you and Kevin out of there." " I want you back here now." " It's all right." "I'm armed." "I don't care if you're armed." "This isn't an insurance claim." "I want you and Kevin out." " That's an order." " Okay, okay, I hear you." "Hang on." "Let me out." "Why did you leave me, Kevin?" " Let me out ofhere!" " Let me out!" " A TVjust went off in Kevin's refrigerator." " Wait, let me hear him." "Quick." "Record this!" "Let me out." "It's so dark in here." "Let me out." "The cockroach has not confessed his sin... so we must play on to the end." "The trigger is pulled." "The trigger is pulled." "Only 30 minutes tick before the to-and-fro drones are blown to bits." "Confess what sin?" "What takes you there but takes you nowhere, Kevin?" "And remember, no cops." "Get down!" "Send Emergency Response to Parson's place." "You got it." "Stand back." "The trigger is pulled." "The trigger is pulled." "Only 30 minutes tick before the to-and-fro drones are blown to bits." "You know, he seems to be obsessed with threes." "The 30 minutes to act." "Ninety seconds to save Roy." "Get down!" " Kevin Parson, the seminary student..." "Whose car was allegedly destroyed by the Riddle Killer yesterday... is on our Action Phone live to discuss important matters..." " about the case." " Parson's on TV." "When I was 14..." "I got into a fight with this boy from our neighborhood." "He chased me into this warehouse, and... we fought." "I ran out and locked him in." "I left him to die." "I'm a fake and a hypocrite." "What's he doing?" "He's confessing." "I'm a sinner." "If he's- If he's listening..." "I just want to say I'm sorry." "I'm so sorry." "Poor Kevin." "Samantha Sheer calling back on line one." "Put Kevin on." "Look, he's pretty upset." "He thinks the killer is this kid who used to bully us." " Yeah, I heard." "Can you give me a name?" " I don't know." "Kevin locked him in a storage warehouse." " Where?" "What's the address?" " Off Carmine Street." "Look, this kid didn't live in our neighborhood... and he didn't go to our school or anything." "We're talking 15 years back, so it's all pretty hazy." "My dad, he chased him away." "He was a cop." "Maybe he left a name in a case file or something?" "Your dad's retired?" "He died five years ago." "Sam Sheer." "All right." "Send a team to a warehouse on Carmine, and check all police reports... filed by an officer Sam Sheer dealing with juvie offenders, starting 20 years back." " Are you and Kevin okay?" " Yeah." "Sam." "Come on." "I confessed." "It's over." "Kevin, I can't bet on his forgiveness, and he said, "The trigger is pulled. "" "No, it's over." "Everybody knows what a terrible person I am." "That's all he wanted." "Okay." "It's over." "But let me ask you something." "When he said..." ""What takes you there but takes you nowhere"" "What does that mean to you?" "What takes you there but takes you nowhere?" "I have no idea." "A bus." "All they do is go back and forth." "There and nowhere." "The bus that went by our old neighborhood was number 33." "They think he might hit bus 33." "There are three number 33 buses... running simultaneously on a 12-mile route." " So, we clear all three." " Nah, our black and whites will pull 'em over." "No, he said no cops - at least none in uniform, or he might blow before the deadline." " Hey, how you doing?" " Not so good." "Can't complain." "Come on." "Everybody out!" "What did the boy look like?" "Can you remember any characteristics... like a scar or a tattoo?" "He bragged about being in juvenile detention." "Juvenile records are often wiped clean, but it's worth a shot." "Well, that narrows it down to a couple of thousand suspects." "Where are you?" " We're looking for the bus." " Stop, stop, stop, stop, stop... stop, stop, stop, stop!" "Sam!" "That was the 3rd Avenue bus." "The three on your refrigerator." "Pull over!" "Stop the bus!" "Stop the bus!" " Pull over!" "There's a bomb!" " Are you crazy?" " Stop the bus!" "You gotta pull the bus over!" " Pull over!" "Pull over!" "You got something on the bus!" "Stop!" "Pull over." "Get everybody out of the bus!" "Get out!" "Open the door!" " Open the door!" " Get off the bus!" " Get everybody out of the bus." " What are you talking about?" "There's a bomb on the bus." "Get off of the bus!" "Come on!" "Come on." "Get out of here." " Help her." " Get out of the way!" "Get off!" " Sam!" "Phone!" " Grab it." "It's probablyJennifer." "He's crazy!" "The man is a lunatic." " Hello?" " You broke the rules, Kevin." "I said no cops." " Hey, I didn't call the cops." " Samantha did." "Break the rules, I break my word." "No." "No." "I confessed." "That's what you wanted, isn't it?" " You confessed nothing!" " What?" " Everybody's off!" " Cover your ears, puke." "Sam!" "Sam!" " Hey, you okay?" " How?" "How did he get my number?" "Anybody hurt?" "He's gonna kill me." "Hey." "No, he's not." "I promise." "My dad's stuff!" "S in storage." "There's gotta be something on this guy." "I'm gonna go there." "You get a ride home with Jennifer, okay?" "Talk to me." "Sam talked to you, and he blew it early." "You should've told me about the kid... 'cause I can't help you if I'm playing catch-up." "Just don't help me." "Just don't." "He's here." "I know he is." "What do I do?" "I want you to walk away... and meet me in the Grand Hotel Bar in five minutes." " Liar." "Cheater." " Kevin Parson" "You confessed nothing." " I shut the door, and I left him to die." "I'm sorry." " Liar!" "Liar!" "Liar!" "Liar!" " I left him to die." " You're the sick one, Kevin." "This is Darrylin Goodman with Action Team live... and behind me is a Red Line city bus that was destroyed at close to 3:00 p. m." "Today... by what the police are now calling a combustible device." "Darrylin, have the police made any statement yet?" "They're not labeling it a terrorist attack yet, nor are they linking it... to the explosions that killed Roy Peters and destroyed the vehicle of Kevin Parson." "Where's Samantha?" "She went to check out her dad's stuff." "Here we go." "May I get you something?" "No, I'm good." "Kevin, it's not you." "It's him." "He's twisted beyond your capacity to understand his sickness." "These people enjoy holding life and death authority." "Absolute power, absolute control." "If R.K. Is this kid from your past... we will find him." "You have to trust me- that I won't let him hurt you." "So, I better get to it." "I'll help you in any way I can." "Then take a drive with me through your old neighborhood." "Stop by your aunt's house." " See if that jogs your memory." " I can't do that." " Kevin" " I can't." "My name is Jennifer Peters." "I'd like to come in and ask you a few questions about your nephew." " Certainly not." " Ma'am." "Your nephew is in serious danger." " Do you have a search warrant?" " Do I need one?" "We all make mistakes, deary." "Balinda." "If I get a search warrant... it will be the sworn duty of the police to turn your home inside out." "Don't touch anything." "Ask your questions." "Do you like to play?" "Bobby!" "Hush!" "I have a new computer." "It's real." "You wanna see?" "Bobby, go to your room." "She's pretty, Mom." "She's a dog, Bobby." "You wanna get fleas?" "That's what you'll get if you play with her- fleas." "Go to your room, read your books... and sleep." "Eugene, don't just sit down." "Where are your manners?" "Get our... guest a chair." "Yes, of course, Princess." "Uh, um" "Your chair, my lady." "When was the last time you left this house?" "Why would I leave the house?" "Do you know who the president is?" "Eisenhower." "Eisenhower is the only worthy president." "We don't go in for pretenders." "How long have you been doing this?" "Doing what?" "You've created your own world in here... cutting away what you don't like, keeping the rest." "What do you do with the clippings?" "You burn them." "Why?" "What we do in our home is our business." "We're safe here." "What about Kevin?" "Was he safe here?" "Bobby." "Back!" "Bobby!" "Oh, my sister's boy... always thought he was too smart for us." "Bobby was the poor little dummy." "That Kevin... thought he was God's gift... sent to cast light on us poor idiots." "Do you even wanna know what kind of trouble he's in?" "It all started when he was sneaking out at night with that girl." "She's the one that led him astray." "You mean Samantha Sheer?" "He didn't think I knew, but I knew." "She's the one that put those nasty little thoughts in his head... by wanting me to send him to the same high school as her." "Instead of you teaching him?" "The only way to raise a child... is to isolate them with the truth." "Then they shine like stars." "You let a boy walk out of this house... with no idea the real world he'd be facing." "It's a wonder he survived at all." "Your time is up." "Someone's been threatening Kevin... someone who may have known him and bullied him as a teenager." "Do you remember anything about that?" "He came home one night with a bloody nose and a black eye." "But that's what's outside- blood and chaos." "What are you looking for, Jennifer?" "What will you find?" "Don't come too close to the lonely boy, Jennifer... or you won't walk away this time." "We went over every one of Sam Sheer's written reports... at his old precinct." "Nothing about a Peeping Tom juvenile." "Where are you?" " I'm at the warehouse." " You're gonna need a flashlight." "Those, uh, old Carmine Street warehouses... have been closed down for years." "Stand back." "That looks like a jacket." " What do you got?" " Definitely blood." "Give me eight hours." "I'll have a full D.N.A. Analysis ready for you." "Blood positive." "Oh." "Looks like a weapon." "Any skeletons in the closet?" "Nope." "But we found a bloodyjacket." "Well, this backs up Kevin's story... that a fight took place." "The kid must have crawled out... through there." "Search all the rooms." "Maybe Kevin killed the kid, hid the body." "Look, man, that girl crazy." "No, man." " Hey, where the brew at?" " That's true." "Oh, snap." "You know where I can get a gun?" " Here you go." "It's sweet." " There you go." "Yeah, beautiful." "Just like that." "Pack it up, you guys." "That's it." "Yeah." "That's a day." "Let's get out ofhere." "We may have a problem." "There's a group of, uh, reporters camped outside Parson's loft." "Oh, I put him in a hotel to keep him out of the spotlight." "Good." "Which one?" "Come on, Sam." "Naked is safer." "You, uh- You hide a key witness... and you don't bother telling your superior officer about it?" "I'm not officially on this case." "Got a thing for him, don't you?" "The fact of the matter is, you don't even know who Kevin Parson is." "Kevin, it's me, Sam." "Jennifer called." "She told me you were here." "You're not... keeping anything from me?" "How can I?" "You know me better than I know myself." "This isn't a good idea." "We've never kept secrets from each other." "This isn't a good time to start." "Remember when you told me about your secret boyfriend?" "Yeah." "Why didn't we ever become something more?" "I went to school and moved away." "And you got busy with college." "I'm here now." "I'm so tired." "I know." "I want you to be careful around Jennifer Peters." "Why?" "Her stalker has all the skills of a cop... and he called me right after I gave her my cell number." "What are you saying?" "It's notJennifer." "I'm not saying it is." "Trust her." "But trust me first, okay?" "If he's listening, I just wanna say I'm sorry." "You confessed nothing." "I'm a fake and a hypocrite." " Tonight I'm gonna take everything from you" " I'm a sinner." "Until there is nothing left." "I shut the door and I left him to die." "Tonight you get to kill for real, Kevin." " Hello?" " Samantha, it's Jennifer Peters." " How's Kevin?" " He's sleeping." "I took the adjoining room so I could keep an eye on him." "Okay." "I need to talk to Kevin." "I'm on my way." "Okay." "We'll be here." "Hang on." "There's someone at the door." " Careful." "Nobody knows you're there." " Hello?" " Hello?" " Let me out." " Samantha?" " Why did you leave me, Kevin?" " Hello?" " Let me out." "It's so dark in here." "Let me out." "It's so dark in here." "You confessed nothing." "Tonight I'm gonna take everything from you until there is nothing left." "The cockroach has not confessed his sin." "And so it's time to play the riddle game again." " I confessed!" " There are sins..." "Kevin thinks he would never do, fears waiting to come true." "Confess the rest, Kevin!" "Ma'am, you can't park here." " Let me out." " Kevin!" "Samantha!" "Why did you leave me, Kevin?" "Let me out." "It's so dark in here." "Let me out." "It's so dark in here." "The cockroach has not confessed his sin." "Let's go." "Time to play." "You have one hour." "Hey!" "Kevin!" "Stop!" "Maybe we should at least tell her where we're going." "If she's smart, she'll figure it out." "Then we don't break his rules." "What wants to be filled but will always be empty?" "The city fathers gave it a number- 369-33." "Hey." "You followed me?" "Yeah, well, uh, I wouldn't have to if you weren't sneaking around... operating behind my back." "Where's Parson?" "He just left with Samantha Sheer." "What've you got?" "Another message with a timed riddle and a threat of body parts." "Time to play." "You have one hour." "What wants to be filled but will always be empty?" "The city fathers gave it a number- 369-33." "The storage warehouse." "How did you know that?" "I told you." "I put my dad's stuff in storage." "This is the place." "I have an access key." "He knew that." "We shouldn't be here." "You sure you don't know what else he wants you to confess?" "What could be worse than what I did?" "Sam!" "There's no reason for us to go into this building!" "Look, this is gonna blow any minute." "We didn't break his cop rule, so we should have 17 minutes." "If we don't figure this out, other people are gonna die." "Wait here." "I'll be back, okay?" "No, you're not going in there by yourself." "This is a bad idea." "Just feels wrong." " I better get my cell." " I got it." "Sam!" "Sam!" "Sam!" "Hey!" "Hello?" "Hello?" "Hey!" "Who's there?" "I said, who's there?" "Samantha." "Hey!" "Samantha!" "Who's there?" "Samantha." "Hey!" "Hey!" "Hey!" "Let me out!" "Hey, let me out of here!" "Hey!" "Sam?" "Sam?" ""There's three natures to every human being:" "The good, the bad and the soul struggling in between. "" ""Radical evil is the deep blemish of our species. "" ""God has preordained a system of good and evil. "" ""Where there is light, there is shadow. "" ""Where there is light, there is shadow. "" "That's one of your better lines, Kevin." "Where'd you steal it?" "Hey!" "Sam!" "Sam?" "Kevin, I'm here!" " There's another bomb." " Try to get the door open." "All right." "Are you looking for the key to escape your living death, Kevin?" "You won't find it in your books." " You let her go!" " Kevin, no!" "You gotta get out ofhere." "I see the pathetic book grub got himself a gun." " Let her go or I'll kill you!" " You tried that once, Kevin." "Didn't work out so well, did it?" "C" " C-Catch." "Come on." "Can't save her this time." "And in the end, everyone will blame you." "Kevin!" "Hey!" "I need the flashlight!" "Give me the light!" " Kevin!" "What are you doing?" " Up here!" "Here, Sam!" "Kevin, listen to me." "You have to get out ofhere." "Kevin!" "Oh." "No." "Get out!" "Get out!" "Get out!" "Get out!" " Can't believe I missed." " Don't worry about that." "These are all lines from your thesis?" "It's pretty dark stuff." "You pay money to study this?" ""Radical evil is the deep blemish of our species. "" "He didn't find it very original." "I didn't write this." " You mean, "Your house is afire"?" " That's not mine." "Wait." "What's this?" "He's not done with us yet." ""Your house is afire. "" " How many places have you lived?" " Just my loft." "And your aunt's place." "Balinda won't let you in." "She might not even let me in." "You know, you get this look every time you talk about her." "What look?" "That look." "She just tried to get me to see things the way she sees things." "Midnight." "We have two hours." "I'm gonna take a cab to your loft." "You take my car to Balinda's place and call me." " Kevin, what happened?" " It blew." "Yeah, I can see that." "Why didn't you answer your phone?" "Because he said, "No cops"?" "You know, you have to trust me." "He left another riddle." "Okay." "Where?" "What's the timeline?" "Do you see this?" "I quit." "I quit." "I swear to you, I'm never setting foot in the station again, okay?" "I'm done." "I'm no longer a cop." "I'm not a cop." "I'm Roy's sister." "Go read the wall." "Princess." "Kevin?" "It's" " It's Uncle Eugene." "They stole Princess." "Princess." "Where's Princess?" "Where's Princess?" "Hiding like a roach in the dark." "Princess is gone!" "She's gone!" " What?" " She never leaves home without telling me." " You have to find her." " Where's Bobby?" " Inside." " We gotta get you guys outta here." " Why?" " 'Cause the house isn't safe!" "Oh." "Princess." "Princess." "Bobby?" " Bobby?" " Kevin, can you help me find Princess?" " She's hiding." " Okay." "Okay." "At first, I thought that Princess went out to get dog food." "And then I remembered we burned the dog." "I need you to go with Eugene to the Gas 'n'Go." "Buy some cookies and pop." "And when Princess gets back, we'll have a big party." "Okay?" "Okay?" "Can you do that for me?" " Okay." " Okay." "Come on." "Kevin, I have a new computer." "You wanna see it?" "That's really awesome." "I really need you to do this for me right now, okay?" "You stay there till I come for you." "Come on, Bobby." "Come on." "Come on, Bobby." "Come on." " Who are you, Kevin?" " No!" "Liar!" "Liar!" "Liar!" "Are you still the lonely boy in a blue house?" " Liar!" "Confess the rest, Kevin." " You're a liar!" "Where there's light, there's shadow." "You swore that you'd never go back there." "You stay in your room." "You're not coming out for a week." "Be nice to Princess." "I'm doing this because I love you." "I hate you." "Isolate them with the truth." " What are you doing?" " Nothing." "Are you sneaking out?" "Liar!" "I'm gonna wash the dirt and lies off." "You dirty, filthy, filthy boy!" "I'll show you what happens to liars." "Dirty liar!" "Dirty, dirty liar!" "Liar!" "Don't you dare, puke!" "Who are you?" "Where is she?" "Where the worms hide their secrets." "What have you done to her?" "Don't tell anyone you've been punished." "It's our little secret." "Where are you?" "Hi." "I'm calling from Channel 22." "I'm looking for a Kevin Parson" "Kevin, it's Dr. Francis." "I was worried and I was calling to see if you were okay." "If you need to talk" "You left this number." "This is Phil at the lab." "That book on St. Augustine that you had me dust..." "I was able to pull about six dozen prints, but all of them matched the control sample." "Call me." "Kevin!" "Kevin!" "It's" " It's Uncle Eugene." "They stole Princess." "They stole Princess." "Bobby is so worried." "Hejust keeps going from room to room calling for her, "Princess." "Princess. "" "Let's see what we got here." "Hey, we got some. 38 shell casings over here and some footprints." "Looks like a struggle." "Parson tell you anything about a shoot-out?" "No." "All he said was there was a clue... to another bomb riddle somewhere in here." "The guy's playing you." "You know, there's something not consistent about all this." "With Kevin, the clues tend to be metaphoric opposites, like light and shadow." "With Roy and me, R.K. Tended to be more like a tour guide." "He wasn't into this kind of symbolism." "Maybe he changes personality with each victim." "Hey, could you back up?" " Jennifer, it's Sam." " Where are you?" "I'm at Kevin's loft." "Listen." "I don't think the Riddle Killer is the boy." "I was just thinking the same thing." " He could have copycatted R.K." " No." "I mean, I don't even think the boy is the boy." "What?" "Kevin's stalker only appeared when he was finishing his thesis." "It's all about good and evil, light and dark." "Opposites." "So what if Kevin... and his stalker are opposites... in the same person?" "Hey, Mike." "How many sets of footprints you got?" "It's hard to say." "But what I am seeing is one set of distinct tread pattern... a man's tennis shoe, size 11 or 12." "But the boy exists." "You saw him." "No." "I thought I had, but I realized I never really did." "I just thought I did because Kevin talked about him all the time." "But someone left a cassette player outside your hotel room door." " Wasn't Kevin with you?" " I thought he was sleeping." "And the person outside his window could have been a- a news reporter." "The boy doesn't exist." "Kevin's personality's split." "I don't know." "You're the psychologist." "Does this make any sense to you?" "When Kevin locked the boy in the basement 15 years ago... he was actually locking away an alter ego in his own head." "Then when Kevin's thesis forced him to fully examine... the nature of good and evil in himself" "The boy resurfaced." "Like a latent virus, he would have returned and fought back for survival." "One personality hating the other, trying to kill the other." "And kill the person who caused the split in the first place." "Balinda's missing." "I'm going there now." " W-Wait." "I'll meet you." " Okay, but no screaming cop cars or" "I know." "Kevin might kill himself." "Hello, Kevin." "Put down the gun." " Who are you?" " Put down the gun!" " Let her go." " Put it down now!" " Let her go!" " Put it down!" "Put down the gun, or I blow her head off!" "We've been expecting you." "I don't think we've been officially introduced." "You can call me Slater." "Welcome to my house." "I should say "our house. "" "You know, Kevin, they think you're crazy as a loon." "They think you're me- the Riddle Killer." "And tomorrow in the headlines, it's gonna say... your mommy dearest drove you to kill her." "Shut up or I'll staple your lips together!" "I'm here." "My car's parked outside." "I'm gonna go in." "Look, I'm five minutes behind you." "Can you keep your phone on?" "Yeah, I'll try." "The house is dark." "I don't see anyone." "Wait. "Where the worms hide their secrets. "" ""Where the worms hide their secrets"?" "What is that?" "I'm at the garden shed." "Nothing yet." "You confessed nothing!" " Wait." " I don't know what you're talking about." "The steps go down into a basement." "I hear voices." "More than one?" "You mean Kevin and Balinda." " Kevin got himself a gun." " I'm putting you on mute." " Why?" "You wanna kill somebody?" " W-W-Wait!" "Is that what you want?" "You'll never get away with this." "You're sick." "You're crazy." "Huh?" "You wanna taste it?" "Well, stick out your tongue." "Why are you doing this, huh?" "I confessed." "I told everyone what I did to you." "You confessed nothing!" "Your pathetic confession revealed nothing!" "But tomorrow's headlines are gonna reveal the true nature of Kevin Parson." " My plan is perfect." " Oh, this is your perfect plan?" " You're sick." " Yeah." "Oh, I'm the sick one?" "You're the sick one, Kevin." "You don't even know how sick you are." "At least I'm not a hypocrite." "They think you and I are the same." "Well, guess what?" "Tonight you're gonna prove them right!" "Jennifer, I was wrong." " I just saw him." " Saw who?" "Who do you mean?" "Kevin?" "Yeah." "No." "Both of them." "He's real." "Kevin's stalker's real." " Who is he?" " He's" "Samantha can't talk now." "Samantha." "Wake up." "Wake up, sleepyhead." "Come on." "Come on." "Just like old times in the neighborhood." "Except this time Kevin's gonna kill for real." " Never." " Kevin." " And he's gonna take the blame for everything." " You're sick." "Ha!" "Sticks and stones." "She calls me sick." "He calls me an animal." "At least I'm not a hypocrite, sitting in a church pew every Sunday... swearing to God that I'll be good, just like Kevin here... even though he knows he's disgusting." "Even though he knows he tried to kill and hide it." "You're worse than me." "Hi, Princess." "How you doing?" "Good?" "Almost midnight." "The cockroach has yet to confess his sin... and so it's time to play out the game..." " to the end." " No!" "Get her." "Get her!" "Get down!" "You hate her." "Look." "You've been thinking about it." "Come on." "Take it." "Take it!" "Take it!" "It's all the witch's fault." "Pain, the loneliness, and all your torment." "You hate her!" "Take it!" "Leave him alone!" "Kill her!" "Kill her now!" "Do it!" " No, Kevin, it's not Balinda you want to kill." " That's right." " Kevin, don't!" " Do it." "That's right." " Fiend." " Don't do it, Kevin." " Shoot her!" " I should've never put you through this, Sam." "Oh, true love." "How touching." "Don't do it, Kevin, please!" "Do it or I'm gonna spit roast your true love right in front of you." "Do it!" "He's gonna kill us all anyway." "He has to." "No witnesses!" "Then he's gonna burn up all trace that we were even here." "And you take the fall!" " Do it now!" " Kevin, don't!" "He's gonna kill us all anyway!" " He's gonna kill us all anyway!" "He" " Police!" "Freeze!" "Kevin?" "You move and they die." "Are you okay?" "Stay back." "Jennifer, listen to Sam." "Shut up!" "You two are driving me crazy!" "Drop the gun or we all go." "Slater shot Sam." "Kevin, look at me." "Kevin, there's no one in here except you, me and Balinda." "What?" "Samantha and Slater aren't real." "Why are you saying that?" " She must have a plan." "Go along." " No, Sam." "The truth is I don't have a plan." "The truth is you were half right." "Slater is Kevin, but so are you." "He created you both when he was a little boy... locked in that house." "You were created from all the good things he wanted in a friend." "But you saw Sam... at the hotel and at the police station." "Hey, you!" "And you!" "Out!" " Now!" " I never saw Sam." "And outside the hotel, it was you in the car." " I never actually saw her." " Let's go." "But it's not true." "I'm bleeding." " Are you?" " Yes." " Yeah, she's real." " And Kevin's bleeding and he" "Wait." "Why are you bleeding?" "You didn't get shot!" "That's a bunch of psycho crap." "Your book is crap." "You couldn't even figure out who the Riddle Killer was... and he's right in front of you." " Kevin, listen to me." " They're real." "It doesn't" "It's not true." "It's" " It's- I believe they are real." "Time's up." "Kill her." "Kill her now!" "But I confessed." "I confessed that I locked you in that closet." "You confessed nothing!" "All right, Kevin." "Empty the trash." "Do it." "Kill her." "Kill her now!" "No, Kevin." "It's not Balinda you want to kill." "It's him." "You want to kill the evil inside yourself." "Do it!" "The sin is that you're him." "What falls but never breaks, what breaks but never falls?" "It's night and day." "It's you." "She's the one that locked you in the room." "She filled your head with a bunch of trash." "Kevin, he can't pull the trigger unless you do." "Shut up!" "Kevin, in your thesis you wrote about the three natures of every human being:" "The good, the bad" "And the soul struggling in between." "I'll kill you all!" "You also wrote that we're powerless to win the struggle on our own." "We could take the bus together." "I love you." "Me" " Me too." "Good-bye." "Stop it!" "Kill her now!" "I'll kill you!" "You can't." "You're me, Kevin." "Confess it!" "Confess it, Kevin!" "You're me!" "Kevin, you're me!" "I hope you lock him up and throw away the key!" "Let's get out of here." "Kevin studied the Riddle Killer." "He copied his techniques." " "He's right in front of you. "" " He's holding a camera." "We should have noticed someone taking photos of the crime scene." "L" " I'm looking for anything about my brother." "Hey, you're that lady on the book cover." " Some guy brought this by for you." " Roy!" " Go, go, go, go!" " Freeze!" " Freeze!" " Don't move!" "Hands where I can see 'em!" " Freeze!" " Keep your hands where they are." "Careful." "Careful." "Tsk, tsk, tsk, tsk." "You clean up pretty nicely." "I see they got all the bits of Roy off." "You took pictures of Kevin Parson." "Why?" "I intended to pay him a little visit." "I can't stand copycats." "Get him out of here." "You got it." "Get him out ofhere." "That's it." "Another couple ofhours and we would have caught on... that Sam Sheer never had a daughter, that Kevin rented Samantha's car." "There's so many holes he couldn't have kept plugged." "And since it was Slater who caused the bus explosion, not Kevin... will the court take that into consideration?" "I hope." "I mean, a place like this is better than prison." "How long will he be here?" "It's up to the courts to decide." "And the person that caused it all goes scot-free." "Balinda." "Kevin grew up in a world... of shifting realities... with no absolutes." "He created good and evil." "Samantha and Slater." "It's a battle we all have to struggle with." "It's a battle we're powerless to win on our own." "You mean, we need the power of a Samantha?" "We need the power of God." "How are you feeling?" "I'll talk to you later, Sam." "I'm just kidding." "I'm good." "Good."	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenSubtitles" }
While “Talk Time” traditionally means “number of hours you can chat on your phone on a single charge,” the figure doubles as a rough approximation for “any active use,” such as texting and web browsing. Check out 15 tricks to extend your iPhone's or Android's battery life. Read more Education has evolved from a pen, paper and textbook affair to using iPads, online resources and even mobile apps in the classroom. If you are aiming for a career in education, being able to utilize technology effectively is a crucial skill that you will have to be able to demonstrate. Read more Today, May 7, 2015 is World Password Day! World Password Day gives us a chance to reflect on what makes a good password and how we can protect our CSU and personal data by using strong passwords. Read more	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
July 3, 2007 Smart Fun in the Sun: 5 Good Nonfiction Books to Take to the Beach Don’t want to get burned by a brain-deadening beach novel that’s so dumb, you can almost feel your IQ dropping in the sun? Try a smart-but-entertaining nonfiction book instead. All of these are new and widely available enough that if your holiday plans call for a flight instead of a car trip to the beach, you should be able to find them in any airport bookstore: The Birthday Party: A Memoir of Survival (Putnam’s, $24.95). By Stanley Alpert. You think a book about getting kidnapped can’t be funny? Try this memoir by a former federal prosecutor who was abducted on the eve of his 38th birthday on a Manhattan street. With a gang-that-couldn’t- shoot-straight ineptitude, his captors kept him blindfolded for 25 hours in a car and Brooklyn tenement as they tried to figure out how to lift the $100,000 in his bank account. https://oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2007/01/30 Marley and Me: Life and Love With the World’s Worst Dog (Morrow, $21.95 regular edition, $29.95 gift edition). By John Grogan. A columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer remembers a lovable but incorrigible dog in a bestseller about a yellow lab that was kicked out of obedience school. HarperCollins has just published a companion picture book for preschoolers, Bad Dog, Marley! (Harper Collins, $16.99, ages 3 and up), by Grogan and Richard Cowdrewy. https://oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2006/12/11/ and www.marleyandme.com A Star Is Found: Our Adventures in Casting Some of Hollywood’s Biggest Movies (Harcourt, $25). By Janet Hirshenson and Jane Jenkins with Rachel Kranz. Hollywood casting directors tell how they matched stars like Julia Roberts and Tom Cruise with roles, and found Daniel Radcliffe for Harry Potter. A book for adults that would also appeal to many high school and college students. www.oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2006/11/13/ and www.janeandjanet.com Stuart: A Life Backwards (Delta, $12, paperback). By Alexander Masters. One of the best memoirs of 2006 has just arrived in paperback, not long after after it was a finalist for a National Book Critics Circle Award. If you don’t think anybody could tell a charming story of the life an “ex-homeless, ex-junkie psychopath,” this book could change your mind. www.oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2007/03/22/. Summer at Tiffany (Morrow, $14.95). By Majorie Hart. Hart looks back on her work as one of the first female pages at the Fifth Avenue jewelry store in this lovely memoir of the summer of 1945, a gardenia on the lapel of the season’s nonfiction. She tells lively stories of seeing Judy Garland and Marlene Dietrich at Tiffany’s, falling in love with a midshipman and visiting places like the Stork Club. But her book is equally memorable for its poignant account of how New Yorkers celebrated V-J Day, which occurred while she was working in the city. www.oneminutebookreviews.wordpress.com/2007/07/02/. [Click on “Children’s Books” under the “Categories” heading on the right-hand side of your screen for ideas on what children might enjoy reading on vacation.]	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Relatives have slammed a compromise offered by Edwinstowe Parish Council in a row over floral tributes on graves. Families of those laid to rest at The Forest Cemetery have complained to your Chad over the policy that bans vases and trinkets on the grass surrounding graves. A mother whose stillborn son is buried at the cemetery has said the council's decisions have caused "unnecessary stress." Kerry Wardle, 29, from Clipstone lost her son Kai Day six years ago. Her family said toys laid at her son’s grave, including a red fire engine which was for his birthday, were moved. They said toys which they lay every year for his birthday, which they removed and placed into a keep safe box a few days after have "never been moved" before September last year. On Tuesday, March 13, the parish council, which runs the cemetery, unanimously decided to update the cemetery rules during a meeting. As part of the changes relatives who do not have vases built into the gave stone must apply to place flowers on the grass around the graves. Updated rules state: “Floral tributes only will be allowed on the grass for Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, Easter, Father’s Day and Remembrance Sunday. They will be removed and disposed of after seven days. "Floral tributes only will be allowed to be placed on the grass on three other occasions during the year. “An application must be made to the council office for approval prior to placing the floral tribute. “If no application is received, the floral tribute will be removed immediately.” Relatives have branded the change an ‘absolute joke’. Bosses at the parish council have said a “copy of these rules is always given” to clients but it is "up to them to read it". Councillor Celia Brooks Chairman the council has said the council is looking into cemetery plots with no headstone, she said: “The rules at the cemetery have not changed since 1992 at least. "We are aware of the sensitive nature of this but most people are very happy with the way the cemetery is run and how it looks, it is respectful and beautiful. "We have had the same groundsman for three years, why would he suddenly change? He wouldn't. "The compromise is something we as a council have agreed one we have to keep the place looking as glorious as it is now - we cannot have bits and bobs anywhere" Natalie Palmer, from Berry Hill, to came to the Chad in February with the complains started a petition to get the rules amended, it currently has 500 signatures. The 31-year-old whose dad is buried at the cemetery found that flowers she had placed in a vase next to his grave in September were “thrown to the floor” because of the ban. Natalie spoke to the Chad after a private meeting held between concerned relatives and Mark Spencer, Sherwood MP, on Friday, March 16. In the meeting around 50 relatives got to tell their stories about the recent ‘problems’ at the cemetery. One woman who had been tending a grave for 13-years grew wildflowers around the headstone until a few months ago when the council requested her to remove them. Natalie said: “The support we have had is amazing. “All of this has come from one complaint I made. “Everyone feels the same about the situation at the cemetery.” Emma Marsden, 42, from Worksop, was living in Bangkok at the time when Natalie noticed the flowers being moved, said she was unhappy about the recent change to apply for placing flowers, she said: “The cemetery is stunning and I praise the council for maintaining it but with the recent changes it now looks bare. “When I was buying flowers for my husband's mothers grave for Mothers Day I had to think about getting a just a small bunch because the family shares one pot, but why should it be like that. “We will just have to compromise if that is what we have to do.” Mark Spencer, Sherwood MP, has said that after listening to the concerned relatives he will sit down with the council about the issues raised. Speaking to your Chad after the meeting he said: “I am hoping the council might reflect on some of the changes they want to enforce and show a bit of compassion frankly. "They are custodians of the cemetery for the community and the community clearly feels that they want to leave flowers. “I am in contact with parish councillors, hopefully, we can sit down and try and find a way for the council to run the cemetery efficiently but allow the community to leave the flowers and trinkets. “The parish council is there to represent the community “This is really important - I expected half a dozen people to turn up to the meeting held on Friday and we have ended up with 50 to 60 people in the room, people have left work to come to this meeting. “I think that does demonstrate how strongly people feel.”	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
PROJECT SUMMARY Speech and swallowing impairments occur in 90% of individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and aspiration pneumonia constitutes the leading cause of death in this patient population. While current pharmacological and surgical interventions are effective in alleviating general limb motor symptoms of PD, they have failed to provide significant benefit for cranial motor functions controlled by corticobulbar tracts such as speech and swallowing. This suggests that cranial motor and limb motor deficits are mediated by different underlying neural pathologies in PD, however the nature of these differences are not currently understood. The central goal of this proposal is to investigate differences in the neural mechanisms mediating corticobulbar versus corticospinal impairments in an animal model of PD. Using intracorticial microstimulation and a comprehensive behavioral testing battery consisting of both cranial motor and limb motor tasks, the proposed studies will (1) determine the differential effects of unilateral versus bilateral striatal dopamine depletion on cranial and limb motor function and corticobulbar and corticospinal circuits; (2) determine the differential responses of cranial and limb motor function in PD to targeted motor rehabilitation and dopamine replacement therapy; and (3) determine the differential effects of targeted motor rehabilitation and dopamine replacement therapy on the integrity of corticobulbar and corticospinal circuits. The results have the potential to guide the development of neurobiologically informed therapies that specifically target cranial motor impairment that can be translated to the human patient population. More effective treatment strategies of cranial motor dysfunction in PD will improve patient quality of life, reduce individual health care cost, aspiration pneumonia and ultimately morbidity in this disease population.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Parathyroid hormone-related protein expression is correlated with clinical course in patients with glial tumors. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) expression modulates cell survival in a number of human solid tumors. Although PTHrP is expressed in normal developing and neoplastic central nervous system tissue, clinical data indicating the importance of this protein with respect to local control and/or survival in patients with glial tumors are scarce. Using a standard immunoperoxidase technique, the authors examined PTHrP expression in a population of 51 patients with Daumas-Duport Grade II-IV astrocytomas over a 15-year period. Both local control and survival were calculated from the date of definitive irradiation to the last time of known follow-up examination using the actuarial method. PTHrP expression was scored on examination under 40x magnification, with the incidence of cellular staining averaged over 10 high-power fields. The intensity and extent of staining were characterized semiquantitatively using the standard World Health Organization classification criteria. The median follow-up duration was approximately 5.5 years. Multivariate analyses were performed to ascertain the statistical significance of several standard clinicohistopatholgic factors (Karnofsky functional status, age, gender, extent of surgical resection, radiotherapy dose, grade, and PTHrP expression) with respect to local control and survival. P < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance. Patients with high levels of PTHrP expression had significantly lower glial tumor local control rates and corresponding decreases in progression-free and overall actuarial survival after definitive irradiation (P < 0.01). In a Cox 3-variable model, the PTHrP staining score was independent of tumor grade or Karnofsky functional status. It is notable that the strongest predictor of survival was tumor grade (P < 0.001). PTHrP may be an important adjunct to standard immunopathologic criteria in the determination of glial tumor responses. A number of mechanisms were explored to derive a more mechanistic understanding of these translational results. Subsequent prospective studies involving larger patient populations will be necessary before findings can be translated to clinical practice.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
*2 - 1. Let x(m) = 3m*2 - 2. Suppose -6 = 2f - 2s + 6, s = -2f - 6. What is fr(h) - x(h)? h2 + 6 Let f(x) = 106x + 49. Let o(i) = 60i + 25. What is 4f(z) - 7o(z)? 4z + 21 Let a(o) = 83o + 13. Let j(h) = -330h - 45. What is -23a(y) - 6j(y)? 71y - 29 Let x(u) = 72u*2 - 44u + 578. Let n(p) = 48p2 - 28p + 385. Calculate -11n(r) + 7x(r). -24r2 - 189 Let c(y) = -y2 + 10y - 1. Let a(u) = -u*2 + 9u. Suppose -8 = 7j - 9 - 27. Give ja(t) - 3c(t). -t2 + 6t + 3 Let j = -30 - -25. Let v(k) = -3k2 + 4k - 2. Let b(i) = 2i2 - 2i + 1. Suppose -25g + 8 = -23g. Suppose -gn + 3 = 15. Calculate jb(q) + nv(q). -q2 - 2q + 1 Let u(j) = 5j2 + 2j + 1. Let d(p) = -5p + 56. Let w be d(3). Suppose 5h = -w - 14. Let l(s) = 14s2 + 6s + 3. Determine hu(n) + 4l(n). n*2 + 2n + 1 Let a be (14/(-6))/((-2)/6). Let g(q) = -3q - 2. Let f(r) = -3r - 2. Let v = -413 + 411. Let l be (4/(-6))/(v/(-18)). Determine ag(z) + lf(z). -3z - 2 Let r(d) = 5d3 + d2 + 5d. Let g(f) = 3f*3 + 2f*2 + 4f - 6. Determine -3g(k) + 2r(k). k*3 - 4k*2 - 2k + 18 Let w(r) be the third derivative of 5r4/12 - 17r*2 + 2. Let m be 1/5 - (-92)/(-10). Let q(c) = 21c. Determine mw(b) + 4q(b). -6b Let m(w) = -5w - 1. Let j(b) = -1043b - 3. Give -j(c) + 2m(c). 1033c + 1 Let p(o) = 3o3 - o2 - 3. Suppose -4u + 17 = 5. Let l(n) be the second derivative of 1/2n*2 + 6 + 2n. What is ul(a) + p(a)? 3a3 - a2 Let q be (-460)/(-140) - 4/14. Let w(g) = 5g2 + 4 + g + qg + 0g + 1 - 8g. Let t(i) = -4i2 + 3i - 5. Determine -4t(v) - 3w(v). v2 + 5 Let c(i) be the third derivative of i4/8 - i*3 - 2i*2. Suppose 0r = -4f - 3r - 62, -5f - 93 = -4r. Let p(n) = -n + 2. Give fp(h) - 6c(h). -h + 2 Let f(o) = 2o - 6o*3 - 15 + 5o*2 + 3 + 2o + 7. Let h(m) = 6m3 - 4m*2 - 3m + 4. Let c be (1-1)/(((-406)/(-56))/(-29)). What is cf(s) + 5h(s)? 6s*3 + s Let x be (-3)/(-2)(222 - 220). Let q(f) = 2f3 - 13f2 + f + 4. Let n(c) = c3 - 12c2 + c + 3. What is xq(s) - 4n(s)? 2s*3 + 9s*2 - s Let q(a) = 308a*2 + 39a - 30. Let f(o) = -103o2 - 14o + 11. Determine 11f(m) + 4q(m). 99m2 + 2m + 1 Let u be (-2)/(-6) + (2 - 2850/18). Let i = 155 + u. Let w(b) = b3 + b2 - 2b. Let z(g) = -g3 + g2 - g + 1. Determine iz(r) + w(r). 2r3 - r - 1 Let k(j) be the second derivative of -17j*3/2 - 21j*2/2 + 47j - 10. Let x(r) = -10r - 4. Let a(i) = -i2 - i + 2. Let g be a(-3). Give gk(q) + 21x(q). -6q Let f(p) = 10p + 14. Let q(l) = -7l - 7. What is 4f(i) + 7q(i)? -9i + 7 Let m = 29 - 26. Let p(q) = 5q*3 + 2q*2 - 1. Let a(d) = -15d*2 - 34d*3 + 9d*2 + 8d*2 + 40d*3 - 2. Determine ma(t) - 4p(t). -2t*3 - 2t2 - 2 Let x(m) be the first derivative of m3 + m*2/2 - 5m + 26. Suppose w + 12 = 4u, 5w - 3w = u - 17. Let t(f) = -5f*2 - 2f + 8. What is wx(q) - 5t(q)? q*2 + 2q Let s(p) = -26p3 + p2 - 11p. Let z(d) = 59d3 - 3d*2 + 20d. Determine -5s(j) - 2z(j). 12j3 + j2 + 15j Let a(n) = -2n2 - 79n + 300. Let i be a(-43). Let h(t) = t. Let q be 10/8 + (-1)/4. Let u(z) = q - 4z + 7z + z. Determine ih(b) + u(b). 3b + 1 Let x(v) = -v*3 - v - 1. Let u(l) = 42l*3 + 36l*2 + l - 5. Let d(s) = 43s*3 + 24s*2 - 4. Let q(c) = -3d(c) + 2u(c). Give q(i) + 2x(i). -47i3 Let n(w) = -2w*3 - 7w*2 - 4w + 6. Let v be n(-4). Let j(x) = -13 - 12 - 14 + v. Let g(r) = 0r - 3 - 3r - r + 5r. Calculate g(c) - 2j(c). c - 1 Let r(x) = 5x - 2. Let h(w) be the second derivative of -3w*3/2 + 2w*2 - 2038w + 1. Let g = 29 + -18. Determine gr(f) + 6h(f). f + 2 Let d(c) = 2c2 - 2c + 9. Let s be (-162)/(-39) - (-12)/(-78). Suppose -4l = 2y, 9l = sl + 3y + 11. Let n(p) = -1. Determine ld(x) + 6n(x). 2x*2 - 2x + 3 Let v(k) = 3982k + 3988k - 3 - 7965k. Let p(x) = -4x + 4. Give -6p(y) - 5v(y). -y - 9 Let h(z) = z3 - z2 - 3z - 3. Let m(w) be the third derivative of w6/120 - w5/60 - w4/6 - 2w*3/3 - 1461w*2. What is -4h(a) + 3m(a)? -a3 + a2 Let d(j) = -2j + 4j + 3j - 4 - 6j. Let n(s) = 3s + 7. Suppose -7162o = -7121o - 123. Give on(x) + 5d(x). 4x + 1 Let a(s) = -s - 1. Let x be (-20)/(-15)(-27)/6. Let w(q) be the second derivative of -q*4/3 + 5q*3/6 + 3q*2 - q. Give xa(z) - w(z). 4z2 + z Let r(v) = -601v + 8. Let s(y) = -12y. Give r(n) - 2s(n). -577n + 8 Suppose -5t = -108x + 113x - 10, 3t = 3x - 30. Let a(l) = -l + 9. Let b(c) = -4c + 8 - c + 4c. What is xb(r) - 5a(r)? -r + 3 Let q(k) = 2k2 - k + 3. Suppose 3a = -w + 89, 4a - 70 = -w + 48. Suppose m + 23 - a = 0. Let r(h) = -2h*2 + h - 4. What is mq(n) + 5r(n)? 2n*2 - n - 2 Let l(b) = 824b*2 + 20b + 116. Let j(x) = 412x2 + 11x + 63. What is 11j(q) - 6l(q)? -412q2 + q - 3 Let c(o) = 12o*2 + 4o - 4. Let p(a) be the first derivative of -4a3 - 5a*2/2 + 5a + 1473. Calculate -5c(l) - 4p(l). -12l2 Let p(c) = -4c*3 - 5c. Let m(d) = d*3 + 4d*2 - d + 4. Let o(z) = -2z*3 - 6z*2 + 2z - 6. Let u(j) = -3m(j) - 2o(j). What is -p(q) + 4u(q)? 8q*3 + q Let f(r) = 3r + 7. Let x(j) = -j - 4. Let v = 16933 + -16922. Give vx(z) + 6f(z). 7z - 2 Let q = 49 + -38. Let c(p) = qp - 9p - 13 + 17p. Let x(r) = 6r + 31 - 40 + 7 - 3r. What is 6c(h) - 39x(h)? -3h Let i(q) = 5q*2 - 3q - 5. Let w(r) = -5r2 + 2r + 4. Suppose c - 6 = -c. Suppose 0 = 2n - 0n + cv - 7, 4v = -n + 6. What is ni(o) + 3w(o)? -5o2 + 2 Let p(r) = 2 + r + 7r - 3r + 15 - 12 - 3r*2. Let b be 6/(-4)(-180)/(-54). Let h(i) = 2 - i*2 + 0i + 0i2 + 2i. Give bh(z) + 2p(z). -z*2 Let o(c) = -7c*2 + 2c - 2. Let t(n) = -11n2 + 3n - 3. Let h(i) = 5i3 + 11i + 512 + 518 - 1035 - 51i2. Let w be h(10). Determine wt(a) - 8o(a). a2 - a + 1 Let y(s) = s2 - 48s + 137. Let b be y(3). Let l(k) = 18k2 + 3k + 3. Let m(o) = -19o2 - 2o - 2. What is bl(f) + 3m(f)? -21f2 Let d(i) = 265i*2 - 3i + 9. Let q(f) = 266f2 - 2f + 7. Calculate 2d(c) - 3q(c). -268c2 - 3 Let s(a) = -5a*3 - 4a*2 - 3a - 5. Suppose -24 = -2d + l + 4l, -15 = -3d - 3l. Let f(y) = 9y3 + 7y*2 + 5y + 9. Give ds(m) + 4f(m). m*3 - m + 1 Let r(m) = 4m + 3. Let w = -3025 - -3029. Let k(l) = -6l - 2 + 3l + 0. Calculate wr(z) + 6k(z). -2z Let v(x) = 3x*3 + 9x*2 - 9x + 414. Let z(k) = -2k3 - 5k*2 + 5k - 211. Determine 5v(y) + 9z(y). -3y3 + 171 Let x(r) = -5r*2 + 6r + 2. Let d(g) be the second derivative of g*4/4 - 2g3/3 - g2/2 + 5g. Let b = -2220 - -2212. Calculate bd(t) - 5x(t). t2 + 2t - 2 Suppose -4b = -4j + 32, -2j - 13b = -5b + 34. Let n(a) = a2 + 11a + 4. Let k(c) = -c*2 + c - 1. Calculate jk(w) + n(w). -2w2 + 14w + 1 Let a = 1429 - 1435. Let t(w) = 1. Let p(r) = r - 7. Give at(s) - p(s). -s + 1 Let r(f) = -2f*3 + 3f*2 + 4f - 4. Let i(o) be the second derivative of 1/12o4 + 0 + 66o - 1/2o2 + 1/6o*3. Give 4i(h) - r(h). 2h3 + h2 Let d(r) = -29r*2 + 6r - 1532. Let o(c) = 41c2 - 9c + 2296. Give -7d(i) - 5o(i). -2i2 + 3i - 756 Let j(a) = -10a3 - 2a*2 + 1. Let k be (-1)/((-131)/11 - (-1356)/113). Let r(x) = 50x*3 + 11x*2 - 6. Determine kj(i) - 2r(i). 10i*3 + 1 Let s(t) = 2t - 14462 - 7t + 14473. Let b(a) = a3 + 4a*2 + 3a. Let x be b(-2). Let n(z) = -z + 2. Calculate xs(g) - 11n(g). g Let i be -1 - (-6)/428/6. Let s(r) = 23r*2 + 7r. Let n(t) = 23t2 + 6t. What is is(v) - 7n(v)? -23v2 Let q(g) be the third derivative of g6/120 + g5/12 + 5g*4/24 + 13g*3/6 - 83g2 + 29. Let z(i) = i3 + 4i2 + 4i + 13. What is 4q(p) - 5z(p)? -p*3 - 13 Let l(b) = -3365b*2 - 6b - 12. Let h(s) = 3237133s2 + 5771s + 11542. What is -6h(c) - 5771l(c)? -3383c2 Let u(m) = -21036m + 55. Let t(q) = -24187192q + 63240. Give 11t(k) - 12648u(k). 4216k Let u(d) = 12d3 + 24d*2 - 11d. Let c(f) = 8f3 + 16f*2 - 8f. Determine 7c(z) - 5u(z). -4z3 - 8z*2 - z Let y(k) = 3k - 2. Let z(x) be the first derivative of x*2 - x - 69603. Suppose -3 = r + j, 25 + 2 = -5r - j. What is ry(w) + 11z(w)? 4w + 1 Let v be 522/162 - 6/1084. Let q(y) = -2y*2 +	{ "pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics" }
ABC's exclusive coverage of The Finals Game 7 - Boston Celtics at Los Angeles Lakers - delivered an 18.2 overnight rating, the highest-rated NBA game since 1998 (Bulls/Jazz). The overnight rating for last night's Game 7 marks the highest-rated NBA Finals game ever on ABC (surpassing Lakers/Pistons, Game 5, in 2005 - 15.5 overnight rating; ABC overnight records go back to 2003). Last night's Game 7 overnight rating was up 32 percent compared to the last Game 7 in 2005 (Pistons/Spurs - 13.8 overnight rating). The Finals led ABC to win the night in prime time for all seven nights of the series. Thursday's Game 7 broadcast was the highest-rated show of the night for all of television, as was the case for the previous six games. The game peaked with a 23.7 rating from 11:45 p.m. to midnight ET. In Los Angeles, Game 7 delivered a 39.7 metered market rating to become ABC's highest-rated NBA game ever in the market. Boston's 33.9 rating is ABC's second highest-rated game locally, trailing only the Celtics' championship-clinching victory in 2008 (Game 6). Through six games of national ratings, The Finals on ABC have averaged 16,434,000 viewers and a 9.7 rating, the highest six-game averages since 2004 (Pistons/Lakers).	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Dr. Hi Lee, MD Patient satisfaction ratings and reviews are based on personal opinions. Before you choose any doctor you should take into account their background, training, specialized experience AND their patient satisfaction to ensure they are the right fit for you. Accepting new patients Dr. Hi Lee, MD is a family medicine specialist in Spokane, WA and has been practicing for 48 years. He graduated from Yonsei University, College Of Medicine in 1965 and specializes in family medicine.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
External link menu Utility menu Breadcrumb Poland: What next after the “Black Protest”? 21 November 2015 It has been truly empowering to observe the recent mass-mobilization of Polish women protesting the proposed strengthening of current abortion regulations. I have never seen such an explosion of women’s resistance in my country, and what is more, the tremendous outpouring of international support. Tens of thousands of Poles took to the streets after a citizen’s initiative for a proposed total ban on abortion in the Polish parliament sparked nationwide protests. Over six million women went on strike dressed in black to mourn their reproductive rights on what has been dubbed "Black Monday". The unprecedented backlash forced the Polish parliament to reject the bill in what was hailed as a victory for the “Black Protest” movement. Although we have prevented a total ban on abortion in Poland, it is definitely too early to open the champagne. Abortion has been always a controversial issue in our society. The liberal abortion law introduced during the Soviet time was replaced by a much more restrictive legislation in 1993. This so-called “abortion compromise”, according to mainstream discourse, was actually a deal between the government and the Roman Catholic Church, and is still in place today. One year ago, for the first time in Polish post-communist history, no left-wing or social-democratic party made it into parliament. But it is too simplistic to explain the current political and SRHR crisis in Poland through the prism of last year’s election. We should remember that the status of women’s rights across Central and Eastern Europe as a whole was affected by the transformation after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Moreover, we cannot overlook the rise of illiberal democracy during the recent years in the region where Poland plays a strategic role. Let’s briefly trace what has happened in Poland since the infamous parliamentary vote in October. The “Black Protest” reinforced the feminist movement in Poland and brought women’s issues back to the public’s attention. However, it is currently going through the usual internal conflict that is endemic to progressive, political movements, but it is unclear how it could impact on its further activities. At the same time, the Polish government continues to push its anti–sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) agenda. Despite rejecting the bill on a total abortion ban, on November 4th, the new bill “For Life” was adopted. The bill states that women will receive a one-off allowance worth 4000 PLN (around 1000 EUR) for delivering a terminally ill or permanently damaged infant, although only if born alive. Apart from that, the bill also includes pre-existing stipulations that have never worked in the past for various reasons, namely lack of funding or inefficient procedures. It is certainly a significant attempt to further restrict the current abortion law, explicitly in the case of severe birth defects. I feel especially close to the issues related to mothers of disabled children. A few years ago, together with Alicja Palecka from the Jagiellonian University, I conducted some qualitative research on this topic. It was a very moving experience listening to how a child’s disability affects their identities and lives. We described it as “hyper motherhood” because of their struggle to secure everyday essentials and medical care to children, without institutional, and often, family support. I am devastated to see that these women are instrumentally used as “pawns” in a political game. And last but not least, on November 8th, the Polish Minister of Health announced that his department was finalising the work on limiting access to emergency contraception – to be sold by prescription only. This is just a glimpse of recent developments that should be viewed in a broader, political context. From an international perspective, the latest criticism of the Polish government came with the November report of the UN Human Rights Committee. The violation of the constitutional order, control over the national media, insufficient protection against discrimination in all areas and more were reported. The “Black Protest” is a clear indication that women are taking their sexual and reproductive health into their own hands but given the current political situation it might prove very challenging. For now, the battle has been won but the fight for women’s rights continues.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
[Magnetic resonance tomography in epidural and subdural spinal hematoma]. Epidural and subdural spinal hematomas were previously diagnosed by myelography and computed tomography (CT). Recent reports indicate that noninvasive detection is possible with magnetic resonance imaging. We report on nine patients who were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to surgery for epidural and subdural spinal hematoma. The MR examinations were performed on 1.5-T and 1-T units. We used surface coils and employed T1-, PD- and T2-weighted spin echo sequences and a T2-weighted gradient echo sequence. CT was available in four patients and myelography in two patients. Surgical correlation was available in all patients. The hematomas were located in the cervical spine (n = 2), thoracic spine (n = 6) and lumbar spine (n = 2). They were epidural in five patients and subdural in four. Blinded reading correctly identified all five epidural hematomas and three of the subdural hematomas; one subdural hematoma was misjudged as epidural. Peracute hematomas (< 24 h) in three patients appeared isointense or slightly hyperintense on T1-weighted images and had mixed signal intensity on T2- and T2-weighted images. Acute hematomas (1-3 days) in four patients were also isointense on T1-weighted images but were more hypointense on T2- and T2-weighted images. Chronic hematomas in two patients (7 days and 14 days) were hyperintense on all sequences. Differentiation between epi- and subdural hematomas required transverse T2-weighted gradient echo sequences. Our results underline that MRI at 1 and 1.5 T is capable of identifying epidural and subdural spinal hematoma in the acute and peracute stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Anwar Al Madinah Mövenpick Hotel Get a $20 restaurant voucher per stay to use in the hotel's restaurant(s) FREE WIFI Booking via the site you are guaranteed free Wi-Fi access during your stay. Anwar Al Madinah Mövenpick Hotel The Anwar al Madinah Mövenpick Hotel is Madinah’s largest hotel. It offers extensive facilities for families, individual travellers and leisure groups. As well as being the nearest hotel to the Prophet’s Mosque, it is also close to all main attractions in Madinah. The hotel is directly linked to the shopping mall with underground parking. Close to Masjid Al Nabawi, the Anwar al Madinah Mövenpick Hotel is located in the centre of the commercial district. It is the nearest hotel to the Ladies’ Prayer Entrance. Its proximity to the airport makes it the perfect choice for business travellers.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Stem cells. Human primordial germ cells in a dish. A robust method to induce primordial germ cells from human pluripotent stem cells has been developed, highlighting the importance of SOX17 in the specification of the human germline.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
NUMBER 13-08-00643-CV COURT OF APPEALS THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG IN THE INTEREST OF H.M.P. AND B.R.P., CHILDREN On appeal from the 267th District Court of Victoria County, Texas. MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Yañez, Benavides, and Vela Memorandum Opinion by Justice Yañez Appellant, J.C., appeals the termination of her parental rights to her two children, H.M.P. and B.R.P. (1) By three issues, J.C. contends: (1) the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court's finding that she committed three statutory grounds for termination; (2) the evidence is factually insufficient to support a finding by clear and convincing evidence that termination of J.C.'s parental rights was in the best interest of the children; and (3) "the trial court erred in its conservatorship determinations." We affirm. I. Background On January 24, 2007, J.C. took her two-month-old daughter, B.R.P., to the hospital because J.C found three nails in B.R.P.'s diaper. X-rays of B.R.P. were taken, and the doctor discovered that two nails remained in B.R.P.'s digestive tract. Fortunately, B.R.P. "passed" the nails without suffering any injury. (2) Based on this incident, a referral was made to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services (TDFPS) alleging physical abuse and neglectful supervision. (3) On September 19, 2007, TDFPS filed an original petition for protection of a child, for conservatorship, and for termination in suit affecting the parent-child relationship requesting that (1) the children be removed from the parents' home, (2) TDFPS be appointed the temporary sole managing conservator of the children, and (3) if reunification with J.C. was not possible, termination of the parent-child relationship. The children were removed, and the trial court appointed TDFPS as temporary sole managing conservator. On November 6, 2007, in its temporary order following an adversary hearing, the trial court ordered J.C. to: (1) perform the requirements outlined in TDFPS's original service plan or any amended service plans filed with the trial court during the pendency of the suit; (2) "attend and cooperate fully in counseling sessions at Child-Family-Adult Counseling to address the specific issues that led to the removal of the children from the home"; (3) attend and successfully complete parenting classes; (4) "submit urine or saliva samples, at times to be determined by [TDFPS], for analysis by a drug testing laboratory"; and (5) pay child support in the amount of twenty dollars per month. On November 30, 2007, in a status hearing order, the trial court ordered that "the permanency plans and recommendations for the children, set out in the service plans filed with the [trial court], are approved and adopted by the [trial court] as if set out verbatim in this order." The trial court advised the parents, J.C. and M.P., that "progress under the service plan will be reviewed at all subsequent hearings, including a review of whether the parties have acquired or learned any specific skills or knowledge in the service plan." Under the terms of the service plan, J.C. was required, among other things, to: (1) "attend, participate in, and successfully complete" parenting classes; (2) "attend and cooperate fully in counseling services with [sic] to address the specific issues that led to the removal of her children and to address any additional issues that rise from the psychological evaluation"; (3) "appear at Mid-Coast Family Services and submit to and cooperate fully in the preparation of a drug and alcohol dependency assessment"; (4) "appear at the office of Dr. Michelle Moran and submit to and cooperate fully in the preparation of a psychc [sic]"; (5) pay child support; (6) participate in Battering Intervention & Prevention ("BIP") with Mid-Coast Family Services; and (7) "submit to random drug screenings performed by the caseworker or any other employee of [TDFPS]." In a permanency plan and permanency progress report filed with the trial court on February 26, 2008, TDFPS documented that although J.C. had not completed all the services in the plan, she was "eager to begin services" and had set up an appointment for parenting classes. It was further noted that J.C. had completed an alcohol and drug assessment, a psychological examination, and one random drug test. However, J.C. had not started parenting classes or individual counseling as ordered by the trial court. On March 7, 2008, in its permanency order, and in its March 7, 2008 permanency hearing order, the trial court found that J.C. had not "demonstrated adequate and appropriate compliance with the service plan." In a permanency plan and progress report filed on July 3, 2008, TDFPS stated that J.C. had completed her drug and alcohol assessment, and recommended that J.C. participate in out-patient treatment, parenting classes, random drug testing, and if she continued testing positive for drugs, inpatient treatment. According to the report, J.C. had submitted two random drug tests; the lab was unable to complete the first test and the second test was negative. On March 21, 2008, when the caseworker asked J.C. to perform a drug test, J.C. refused and admitted that she had used marihuana. Since that date, J.C. had refused to take any more drug tests. J.C. had neither completed nor participated in the BIP program, individual counseling, and parenting classes. On July 11, 2008, in a permanency hearing order, the trial court found that J.C. had "not demonstrated adequate and appropriate compliance with the service plan" and ordered J.C. to pay child support in the amount of $224 per month. The trial court set the suit for trial on August 26, 2008; a continuance was granted, and a bench trial was held on September 17-18, 2008. After hearing evidence, the trial court ordered the termination of J.C.'s parental rights to H.M.P. and B.R.P., appointed M.P. possessory conservator, and appointed TDFPS permanent managing conservator. The trial court found by clear and convincing evidence that termination of J.C.'s relationship with H.M.P. and B.R.P. was in the children's best interest and that J.C. had violated section 161.001 of the family code by: (1) knowingly placing or knowingly allowing the children to remain in conditions or surroundings which endanger the physical or emotional well-being of the children; (2) failing to support the children in accordance with mother's ability during a period of one year ending within six months of the date of the filing of the petition; and (3) failing to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the mother to obtain the return of the children who were in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of TDFPS for not less than nine months as a result of the children's removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the children. (4) J.C. filed a motion for new trial that was overruled by operation of law. This appeal ensued. II. Sufficiency of the Evidence By her first issue, J.C. contends that the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court's findings that she violated subsections D, F, and O of section 161.001 of the family code. By her second issue, J.C. contends that the evidence is factually insufficient "for the trial court to conclude by clear and convincing evidence that termination of [J.C.'s] parental rights was in the best interest of the children." A. Applicable Law and Standard of Review Before terminating the parent-child relationship, the trial court must find that the parent committed an act prohibited by section 161.001(1) of the Texas Family Code and that termination is in the child's best interest. (5) Involuntary termination of parental rights involves fundamental constitutional rights and divests the parent and child of all legal rights, privileges, duties, and powers normally existing between them, except for the child's right to inherit from the parent. (6) Therefore, termination of the parent-child relationship must be supported by clear and convincing evidence. (7) This intermediate standard falls between the preponderance of the evidence standard of civil proceedings and the reasonable doubt standard of criminal proceedings. (8) It is defined as the "measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established." (9) In reviewing the legal sufficiency of the evidence supporting parental termination, we must "look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true." (10) We must assume that the trier of fact, the trial court in this case, resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding, if it was reasonable to do so. (11) We must also consider undisputed evidence, if any, that does not support the finding. (12) In a factual sufficiency review, "[w]e must determine whether, on the entire record, a fact-finder could reasonably form a firm conviction or belief that the parent violated a provision of section 161.001(1) and that the termination of the parent's parental rights would be in the best interest of the child." (13) Under this standard, we consider whether the "disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved the disputed evidence in favor of its finding. If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient." (14) B. The Evidence Amy Phlaum, a caseworker with TDFPS, testified that she was briefly involved in J.C.'s case when TDFPS removed the children. Phlaum stated that because the children were able to acquire the nails that B.R.P. swallowed, there was a question of whether there was negligent supervision. There were also other referrals to TDFPS dealing with domestic violence in the family in another county. (15) TDFPS was unable to contact the family in that county because the family moved from county to county. (16) Eventually, TDFPS made contact with J.C., and Phlaum and her supervisor, Gretchen Johnson, met with J.C. on September 18, 2007 at the Victoria TDFPS office. At the meeting, services were offered to J.C., including, among other things, counseling, parenting classes, and alcohol-drug assessment intervention. By the end of the meeting, it was apparent that J.C. was not interested in the services that were offered. (17) Phlaum stated: [I]nitially, [J.C.] expressed being willing to do services, then as the contact progressed, she basically said that she would only do services if it was under a provider or under someone that she wanted to initiate it with. Then ultimately she said that she didn't want to do services at all and that we needed to contact her attorney. However, J.C. did not provide the name of her attorney. Phlaum testified that J.C. was belligerent, angry, and when TDFPS asked J.C. to perform a drug test, J.C. indicated that the drug test was not necessary because she would test positive for marihuana. J.C. claimed that she had last smoked marihuana two weeks earlier. TDFPS determined that the children were at risk and they were removed from the parents' custody. On cross-examination, Phlaum stated that TDFPS decided to remove the children because: (1) J.C. refused to comply with the service plan; (2) J.C.'s temper escalated and she became "out of control"; and (3) J.C. was not going to be able to take her psychotropic medication until November 8, 2007, which raised a concern about her mental state. (18) Phlaum testified that a parent's refusal of services alone is not a ground to remove the children and that the decision to remove the children is based on the parents' "track record of everything that led up to that point and [the caseworkers'] concerns, substantial concerns with regard to risk to the children." According to Phlaum, the family was difficult to locate; however, once TDFPS located the family, the children were removed on September 20, 2007. Sonia Cantu Gonzales, a caseworker with TDFPS, testified that she was assigned to this case on March 5, 2008. According to Gonzales, M.P. had completed most of the requirements of his service plan, except for three more sessions of BIP, and J.C. had completed her psychological examination and her drug and alcohol assessment. (19) However, J.C. had not completed the other requirements of her service plan. Gonzales testified that although she informed J.C. that under the terms of the trial court's temporary managing conservatorship order, J.C. was required to submit to random drug testing, J.C. continued to refuse to take the drug tests. According to Gonzales, J.C. stated that she would not take the drug tests because she had been using marihuana. (20) On one occasion, Gonzales had a drug test in her hand and asked J.C. to complete it; J.C. "grabbed" the drug test from Gonzales's hand and said, "Give me the f-ing test." Then J.C. yelled profanities and screamed at M.P. When J.C. calmed down, she told Gonzales that she had been "using" and that she did not understand "what was the big deal because she wasn't using in front of her children." Gonzales interpreted J.C.'s comment as meaning that it was okay to use drugs so long as she did not do it in front of the children. J.C. did submit to three random drug tests; however, beginning on March 21, 2007, she refused further testing. On July 11, 2008, at a permanency hearing, the trial court ordered J.C. to undergo a cheek swab test and complete a hair follicle test. Both tests were positive for marihuana, and when Gonzales discussed the results of the test with J.C., she admitted that she had smoked marihuana. Gonzales testified that J.C. missed her scheduled visitation with her children "maybe, a few times." J.C. notified Gonzales that she would not be present on one occasion because she did not want to see M.P., and on another occasion, J.C. explained that she did not have a ride. According to Gonzales, J.C. was originally ordered to pay child support in the amount of twenty dollars per month, but she did not pay anything during those months. Then on July 11, 2008, the trial court ordered support in the amount of two hundred twenty four dollars; J.C. paid six hundred five dollars and ninety cents of the total amount due leaving a balance of two hundred ninety two dollars and ten cents. Gonzales stated that there had been difficulty with J.C. at the visitations, including an incident when J.C. arrived at the visitation site, alone and crying. J.C. told Gonzales that she had been in an argument with M.P. and that he was not going to come to the visitation. J.C. informed Gonzales that she had slapped M.P. in the parking lot and that a man had witnessed the incident. M.P. arrived while J.C. was with the children, and he joined the visit. Gonzales "walked out" briefly and approximately five minutes later, M.P. walked out of the room and J.C. followed saying, "I can't believe you're going to leave. You're leaving. Look, he's leaving." Gonzales told J.C. not to yell in front of the children and that if M.P. wanted to leave, she should let him. When the visitation ended, a man that Gonzales believed worked at "Gulf Bend" came into the office and stated that M.P. and J.C. were arguing outside in the parking lot and that he saw J.C. "hitting [M.P.] in the face." (21) On another occasion, J.C. told the children that when they went home with her, she would take them to the beach. A case worker assistant asked J.C. not to make those types of promises to the children for fear of giving the children "false hope" that they would return home. J.C. "proceeded to get mad--why, why and . . . was kind of yelling again at that time." Gonzales also observed on one visitation that B.M.P. was "digging into J.C.'s purse" and while J.C. talked with H.M.P., J.C. did not notice that B.M.P. had taken out cigarettes from the purse. Finally, Gonzales saw that H.M.P. had a small earring in her mouth, and J.C. was asked to tell H.M.P. to remove the earring from her mouth. J.C. responded, "[W]ell she's not going to swallow it." Based on her observations, Gonzales stated it was her opinion that J.C. does not recognize inappropriate or potentially dangerous situations with the children. Stacy Marthiljohni, a case supervisor for "Golden Crescent CASA," testified that although she informed J.C. at one of the status hearings that J.C. needed to maintain contact with her, J.C. failed to do so. According to Marthiljohni, J.C.'s location was difficult to determine because she moved "back and forth;" however, J.C. had recently contacted Marthiljohni, and she visited J.C.'s home. Marthiljohni stated that the home was being remodeled and had ample space for the children. At the time, J.C. was living with a man who, according to Marthiljohni, "had a previous CPS case in Harris County." Marthiljohni stated that she observed J.C. exhibit inappropriate behavior in front of the children, such as confronting staff members, including Marthiljohni, and arguing with M.P. On one occasion, Marthiljohni, who was sitting across the room from J.C., told J.C. that she was an advocate for the children; J.C. responded, "Well, what are you f-ing doing in my face." Marthiljohni stated, "[T]his has been the most belligerent case that I have ever had to be on." On another occasion, Marthiljohni heard J.C. "cussing and yelling up and down the hallway because [M.P.] was leaving." J.C. stated, "Why are you f-ing leaving?" The children were upset and crying when they overheard this. Marthiljohni testified that it was CASA's recommendation that the trial court terminate J.C.'s parental rights to B.R.P. and H.M.P. and that there should be a "no contact" order because Marthiljohni was "concerned for the children's emotional well-being and health." Marthiljohni explained that termination was in the children's best interest because: [J.C.] has been unstable in maintaining her emotions around the children. She's been vulgar to me at a time when the children were present. They were in the same hallway. They were right down the hallway and she was yelling and cussing and that was on August 21[, 2008]. I have concerns with when I'm observing her in the visits sometimes she's not paying attention to both children. I have serious concerns with her ability to parent. . . . . I've had several conversations with [J.C.] and talked about the need to comply with services. She has not completed counseling. She's not completed parenting. She's not completed homemaker. There are a lot of things that she hasn't done that are not complicated services and they're at no cost to her. . . . To me that's a concern. . . . . [J.C.] has had continued drug use. She did test--well, she admitted to using in March and then she refused to test, refused to test, refused to test, and then boom, in July [2008] when she had to take the test outside of the courtroom, she took the test, threw a fit when she had to take the test and was cussing and was pretty upset outside. She took the test and then she had to take the hair follicle later that day. She did comply with those, but it was only because it was court-ordered. . . . . [J.C. tested] [p]ositive for marijuana. On August 21, [2008] she admitted, after she had cussed me out, she admitted that she had used marijuana three days prior and she admitted in front of [Gonzales] also. This was at the CPS office. . . . . [J.C.] had used marijuana during [H.M.P.'s] birth. Dr. Moran, psychologist for TDFPS, testified that she received a referral to perform a psychological examination of J.C. The referral indicated that "the initial concern was for the welfare of the child when she was found to have swallowed [some] nails." Dr. Moran stated that she was informed that "it was possible for an infant to swallow the nails due to a sucking reflex and . . . there was some suspicion that maybe [H.M.P.] had picked them up and maybe put them in [B.R.P.'s] mouth in an attempt to feed her." (22) In her psychological evaluation, Dr. Moran documented that the referral from TDFPS indicated that H.M.P. "had been found holding nails in her hand, and there were nails in her room as well." Dr. Moran considered the incident an "extremely dangerous" situation for B.R.P. During the psychological examination, J.C. indicated that she was undergoing psychiatric treatment and taking prescription medication because she had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. J.C. admitted to Dr. Moran that there were periods of time when "she did not follow the doctor's orders and did not reliably take her medication." J.C. told Dr. Moran that her parents had abused drugs and that when she moved to her grandparents' home, "she had difficulty adjusting to the positive environment." J.C. stated that she began using marihuana and other drugs when she was a teenager and had "significant behavior problems at school and at home." J.C.'s behavioral problems when she was a student included: (1) noncompliance with authority; (2) difficulty maintaining self-control when angry; and (3) angry outbursts. (23) J.C.'s grandparents sought psychiatric treatment for J.C. At the age of sixteen, J.C. left her grandparents home and moved in with a boyfriend. Dr. Moran opined that J.C. is in need of ongoing psychiatric treatment and that although J.C. had received some treatment, "she really did not have . . . total symptom control." Dr. Moran believed that J.C. has "a tendency to have manic thought processes" and "some difficulties focusing her train of thought at that time." It was Dr. Moran's opinion that J.C. needed domestic violence classes, "parent training[,] and counseling" because J.C. needed to better understand her errors in judgment, such as her dysfunctional relationships and unstable living arrangements. J.C. also needed to establish employment. According to Dr. Moran, J.C., although "well-intentioned[,] had not yet achieved stability, more than a year, a year and a half nearly after [TDFPS] initially became involved and that was of concern to [Dr. Moran] given that [J.C.] was well aware that her children's custody depend[ed] upon her stabilizing her life in each of these areas . . . sobriety, psychiatric stability, stable relationships, stable home, et cetera." Due to J.C.'s unwillingness to make and maintain the necessary changes over a significant period of time, Dr. Moran was not "willing" to risk giving J.C. sole custody of the children; therefore, Dr. Moran recommended that joint custody be given to J.C. and M.P. J.C. acknowledged to Dr. Moran that she had used marihuana, but claimed that she had been sober since October 2007 and assured Dr. Moran that she would continue to maintain sobriety. J.C. was "aware that any recidivism into drug use would be considered an egregious form of instability and could result in termination of her parental rights" and that substance abuse caused a risk to her children. Dr. Moran stated that if someone with J.C.'s background and symptoms had lied about "sobriety from the use of marihuana," there would be "a dangerous risk to young children placed in [her] care." Dr. Moran elaborated, "[I]n particular with the psychiatric problems that [J.C.] has--use of any kind of illegal drugs or alcohol in combination with the psychotropic [medication] is inadvisable. It could present a risk to [J.C.'s] safety as well." When the children's attorney ad litem asked Dr. Moran if her recommendation would be affected if she knew that J.C. had tested positive for drugs on multiple occasions, Dr. Moran stated, Yes. It really would because [J.C.] acknowledged to me that part of the reason she believes she did not achieve system control as a teenager, even though her grandparents had her undergoing psychiatric treatment, was that she continued to use illegal drugs while taking or not regularly taking her medications. I had very much hoped that that knowledge would lead to a change in her adult behavior and help her recognize that this psychiatric disorder is extremely serious and needs to be managed in a very structured [manner], fashioned under medical opinion[,] and if I find that she has not been doing that and has been interfering with her brain chemistry through illegal drugs, which she herself posed a problem before, it raises very serious concern about any change that she states she had made. Dr. Moran opined that J.C. would require psychiatric treatment throughout her lifetime to ensure that she lives "a stable and drug-free lifestyle." Delores Tucker, who provides "parenting-homemaking services," testified that J.C. and M.P. had attended individual parenting sessions with her that included lessons in basic child development, behavior management, how to "follow-up" with the TDFPS service plan, and activities for parents and children. According to Tucker, J.C. and M.P. attended one session in February together, but thereafter, each parent attended individual sessions. (24) J.C. did not receive a certificate of completion and attended only five sessions where Tucker focused on helping J.C. "follow-through" on the service plan. Tucker stated, "I really had more concern with [J.C. following through on the service plan] versus how she was going to manage . . . the kids." During this period of time, Tucker was aware that J.C. was refusing to take the drug tests required by the service plan. Tucker identified plaintiff's exhibit 3 as M.P.'s certificate of completion of parenting class after thirteen sessions. Tammy Harger, the BIP program coordinator for "Mid Coast Family Services," testified that M.P. has attended twenty-one BIP sessions and at the time of the hearing, needed three more sessions; J.C. stopped attending the class on July 22, 2008 after attending ten sessions. By that time, J.C. had been offered eighteen sessions and had been "discontinued" from the class due to lack of attendance. J.C. had only paid forty dollars for two sessions; however, Tucker explained that she would not have excluded J.C. from attending classes even if she did not make the required payments. (25) Amy Faust, a licensed professional counselor, testified that she counseled both J.C. and M.P. The sessions were once a week with each parent individually. M.P. has attended all of his scheduled sessions except for one, when he had to leave town. (26) According to Faust, J.C. has attended three sessions; J.C. "no-showed for a session, meaning she missed a session without calling to cancel" and after missing a few more sessions, J.C. stopped contacting Faust. Based on her contact with J.C. and the reference materials supplied by TDFPS, Faust believed that J.C. needed "[s]ome parenting [classes], some substance abuse counseling perhaps, some relationship issues [counseling]." Faust stated that she had worked with M.P. on parenting skills, communication skills, relationship skills and stress and anxiety issues. Based on her experience with M.P., Faust believed that he had a grasp of the issues and was making progress on those issues. According to Faust, "[M.P.] learned some new things [regarding parenting]. . . . [H]e looks at the concept of parenting from a little bit different perspective. . . . [T]he idea of protecting his children . . . has changed a little bit. He's starting to see that they [the children] don't need just physical protection, but that they need emotional and mental protection as well." Faust stated that the children would be joining the counseling sessions with M.P. if he continued to progress. M.P., as a witness for TDFPS, testified that he pleaded guilty to assaulting J.C.; however, he claimed that he did not cause her physical injury. According to M.P., he had been "abused" by J.C. on numerous occasions and that during the "fights," he defended himself from her. M.P. understood, after completing BIP, that a man should not hit a woman. According to M.P., J.C smoked marihuana and there were instances where he smelled the faint scent of the drug in the bathroom. M.P. claimed that he observed J.C. under the influence of marihuana when he arrived home from work. M.P. stated, "I would come home and smell [marihuana] and it would start an argument. There's even been a time when I came home a little earlier. She was on the porch, had her joint in her hand. At that time I took it from her hand, ripped it up and threw it on the ground and called the cops." M.P. stated that he called the police because he did not want drugs around his children. M.P. testified that he was aware that J.C. smoked marihuana when she was alone with the children and that on those occasions, J.C. appeared "real relaxed." However, M.P. did not want to state that the children were ever harmed by J.C.'s use of marihuana. M.P. recalled that the family was at a restaurant, and H.M.P. was refusing to walk back to the table from the restroom. H.M.P. sat on the floor, and J.C. pulled H.M.P. by the hair back to her seat. H.M.P. sat at the table and cried; H.M.P. was not allowed to leave the table again. According to M.P., J.C. would sleep a lot during the day, and when he would go home for lunch, the children would be awake, while J.C. slept on the couch. M.P. also claimed that J.C. would yell "very loudly" at the children. J.C. testified that she has bipolar disorder and takes two hundred milligrams of "Lamictal." J.C. stated, the medication is "supposed to help me slow down my manic part. To help me--it wasn't supposed to rid the manic part because you just can't rid it. It was just supposed to level me." J.C. explained that she "had no reason" for not completing the parenting classes but that she did not have a phone and it was difficult for her to contact Tucker because she had to borrow her neighbor's phone. J.C. indicated that she was supposed to complete the BIP classes but that she stopped attending because she "lost her transportation" when M.P. moved out of the home. J.C. claimed that although she asked Gonzales to "get out of [her] face" in a "rude tone," she never used profane language. J.C. admitted that she has tested positive for marihuana, but claimed that she was sober when her children were born. J.C. explained that during her pregnancy, when she lived in Jewett, "CPS" was monitoring her and testing her for drugs. J.C. tested positive for marihuana when H.M.P. was born, but according to J.C., H.M.P. did not test positive for the drug. (27) J.C. stated that she was sober during her entire pregnancy with B.R.P. According to J.C., she began smoking marihuana again due to depression, but that she never smoked the drug "in front" of her children. J.C. stated that the smell of marihuana in the house was caused by her smoking it on the front porch of the home. She stated, "I would have a gate, a baby gate, and our couches were stationed--because we had an old house--on the sides so the only thing they would get in--the room was closed--was in the living room. They couldn't get through our house. I would sit outside and I would take a couple of tokes from a joint and then I would come inside my--usually [B.R.P.] was either having toys on the carpet playing around. I mean, I did bad for smoking it while they were there, but I never smoked it in front of them." (28) On cross-examination, J.C. clarified that the smell of marihuana drifted into the house because she left the door open with the child's gate attached. J.C. stated that during the past year that TDFPS had been involved in the case, she had refused to take three drug tests and had informed TDFPS that two of the tests were unnecessary because she would test positive for marihuana. J.C. claimed that although she refused to take the drug tests required by TDFPS, she went to the health department and took drug tests that were negative; however, J.C. did not bring documentation of the negative results to court. J.C. acknowledged that the trial court ordered her to take a cheek swab and hair follicle drug test and that she tested positive for marihuana. When asked by the children's guardian ad litem if she understood that she was not supposed to use any drugs to get her children back, J.C. responded, "Yes." J.C. agreed that marihuana use alters her state of mind; however, when asked if an altered state of mind could affect her care of the children, J.C. responded: Some people it's different. Not everybody is the same smoking. It's bad either way you look at it, yes, but some people it affects them differently. . . . . Some people it relaxes them. Some people, you know, there's different, you know, there's different things that marijuana can do, you know, because it's a chemical getting into your brain and people has [sic] different chemicals in their brain, therefore, it can affect somebody way worse than it could affect somebody--just mellow. I mean, there's different ways it could affect a person's ability or anything. . . . . When I meant mellow, I don't mean in a comastoke, [sic] you know, in a trance. I don't mean in a como, [sic] like, you know, like in a state where you're just like duh. I meant like relaxed as if, okay, you hear kids screaming or they want a toy or they're hungry or nothing. It would make me not so jumpy, or not so, you know, I would do what I got to do--I clean, you know, everything. I was quiet with my kids. I played with my kids. I mean it wasn't right that I was on the drug, but I wasn't pulling out my hair, screaming, yelling, hitting, nothing like that; nothing like that, but . . . I was under the influence. J.C. further stated, "[I]t wasn't that I smoked a whole joint. I took a couple of hits and it was--I was a little bit impaired, but it wasn't to the point where I am sitting on the floor and my kids are running around with a dirty diaper or anything." When asked if she was concerned that the children may have been inhaling second hand smoke from her "joint," J.C. responded: They weren't because--no, they weren't because the gate was there and where I smoked, our house, the front door was right here, like the front door was right here and our porch was, I'm going to say the length of this room and I would be on the corner where there's trees and bushes and it would go, I mean there. I mean it was, everything was just closed. I had a house in front of me. I had a house beside me. It was me and I would sit there. My kids couldn't, I mean my kids was [sic] at the thing and I could pop my head in and I could see them, but it was never where I'm sitting like five feet. It was always at least, I'd there be [sic] and the gate would be like, I mean the door would be right here. J.C. admitted that she would sometimes interact with her children immediately after using marihuana. J.C. acknowledged that she was ordered to pay child support in the amount of twenty dollars per month and that she did not pay "much" of that amount because she was "giving it to her sister, Carrie," who had been given possession of the children. J.C. stated, "I should have read my papers correctly--and it did state because showing, you are showing me a piece of paper that we have to send it to the [TDFPS], I mean the Attorney General. . . ." After the amount of child support was increased to $224 per month, J.C. made a payment of approximately $650. C. Section 161.001(1)(O) In order for a court to terminate parental rights under section 161.001(1)(O), the court must find by clear and convincing evidence that the parent "failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of the child who has been in the permanent or temporary managing conservatorship of the Department of Family and Protective Services for not less than nine months as a result of the child's removal from the parent under Chapter 262 for the abuse or neglect of the child." (29) J.C. does not dispute that at the time of trial, the children had been in the temporary managing conservatorship of TDFPS for not less than nine months as a result of the children's removal under Chapter 262 for abuse or neglect. J.C. also concedes that testimony "indicated that a court order was in place" and that she "violated a court order by refusing a drug test." However, J.C. argues that based on this evidence, "it is impossible to determine if [she] failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of her children" because there is "no evidence relating to specific court orders." We disagree. Although TDFPS did not offer the trial court's orders into evidence, it asked the trial court to take judicial notice of the trial court's own file in the cause. (30) A trial court may take judicial notice of its own orders, records, and judgments rendered in cases involving the same subject matter and between practically the same parties. (31) J.C. did not object to TDFPS's request for the trial court to take judicial notice of its file, which contained several of its orders involving the same subject matter and the same parties. TDFPS acknowledges that the record does not reflect that the trial court ruled it would take judicial notice of its file; however, a trial court need not announce that it is taking judicial notice. (32) Moreover, [j]udicial notice is mandatory when a party requests the court do so and the party supplies the court 'with the necessary information.'" (33) In this case, the trial court had the necessary information, its own file, and TDFPS requested for the trial court to take judicial notice of that file; therefore, judicial notice of the court's file was mandatory. (34) Thus, the trial court's orders requiring J.C. to comply with the service plan, attend parenting classes, pay child support, and submit to random drug tests were properly before the trial court. In its temporary order following the adversary hearing, the trial court notified J.C. and M.P. that they were required to complete the actions ordered by the trial court to "obtain the return of the children" and that "failure to fully comply with [the] orders may result in the restriction or termination of [their] parental rights." At the termination hearing, J.C. admitted that she had not complied with the service plan, attended parenting classes, or submitted to random drug tests. Furthermore, the trial court could have reasonably believed Gonzales's testimony that J.C. failed to comply with the trial court's orders requiring J.C. to submit to random drug tests and pay child support. (35) After viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding, we conclude that there was legally sufficient evidence for a reasonable trier of fact to form a firm belief or conviction that J.C. failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically established the actions necessary for the parent to obtain the return of the children. (36) Furthermore, after examining the entire record, we conclude that the evidence was factually sufficient to support the trial court's finding that J.C. violated section 161.001(1)(O). We overrule J.C.'s first issue. D. Best Interest By her second issue, J.C. contends that the evidence is factually insufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence that termination of J.C.'s parental rights was in the best interest of H.M.P. and B.R.P. J.C. argues that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved the disputed evidence in favor of its finding based on the following: (1) "this is not a case where [J.C.] intentionally abused her children or treated them horribly"; (2) it is undisputed that J.C. loves her children and did not knowingly cause them harm; (3) a review of all of the evidence "suggested that the physical and emotional needs of the children were being met before they were removed"; (4) there was no physical or emotional abuse; (5) the "nail incident" was a "random accident precipitated by [M.P.'s] carelessness in leaving nails accessible to the children"; (6) J.C. provided for B.R.P.'s medical care; (7) J.C. "attempted to protect her children by leaving [M.P.] when he became abusive"; (8) there was a general consensus among the caseworkers and family that J.C. interacted well with [the children] and they loved her"; (9) J.C. missed "very few" visitations with the children and she acted appropriately; (10) J.C. has committed to changing and improving her life; (11) the abusive relationship with M.P. has ended and the children "will no longer be subject to the arguments between" J.C. and M.P.; (12) J.C. has acknowledged her mistakes; (13) J.C. has raised the children since their birth; (14) the evidence does not show that J.C. "has caused the children any physical, emotional or developmental problems"; (15) J.C. provided for the children's physical and emotional needs; (16) "several witnesses testified that [J.C.] had the ability to manage and interact well with the children"; (17) although J.C. did not complete parenting classes, Tucker stated that J.C. "grasped the parenting skills and was good at managing the kids"; (18) although J.C. did not comply with the service plan, "she did try"; (20) J.C.'s "plans for the children and the stability of the proposed placement weigh in favor of reversing complete termination; (21) J.C. "tried to show at the hearing that she was no longer using marijuana"; (22) Dr. Moran recommended joint custody; and (23) J.C. has made an effort to improve her life. When considering whether parental termination is in the child's best interest, the following non-exhaustive list of factors should be considered: (1) the desires of the child; (2) the emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future; (3) the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the future; (4) the parenting abilities of the parties seeking custody; (5) the programs available to assist the parties seeking custody; (6) the plans for the child by the parties seeking custody; (7) the stability of the home or proposed placement; (8) the acts or omissions committed by the parent which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not proper; and (9) any excuse for the acts or omissions committed by the parent. (37) The party seeking parental termination is not required to prove all nine factors. (38) Furthermore, when the department or another government agency is the petitioner, subsection 263.307(a) of the Family Code provides that "the prompt and permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is presumed to be in the child's best interest." (39) Subsection (b) then lists thirteen factors that the court, the department, or other authorized agencies should consider in determining whether a parent is "willing and able to provide the child with a safe environment." (40) In our review of the trial court's termination order, we will likewise give consideration to these factors to the extent applicable. (41) 1. Desires of the children Both children were under the age of five at the time this case was tried. However, the record reflects that the children's behavior was better when J.C. and M.P were not with the children, and that after completing parenting classes and attending counseling sessions, M.P. had a better understanding of how to redirect the children's behavior, especially, H.M.P., who by all accounts, was a very active toddler. Furthermore, there was evidence that J.C. was not capable of redirecting H.M.P.'s behavior and in some instances, instigated H.M.P.'s inappropriate behavior. (42) Marthiljohni testified that she observed H.M.P. spitting in J.C.'s face at one of the visitations and that although there was not a "fight," J.C. and H.M.P "would fight back and forth between each other." 2. Present and future physical and emotional needs of the children J.C. suffers from bipolar disorder and has admitted that she does not always take her medication or follow the recommendations of the doctors concerning her condition. Furthermore, although Dr. Moran testified that it is dangerous for a person with J.C.'s medical needs to use marihuana, J.C. continues to insist that she uses it to "relax." It appears from the record that J.C. does not appreciate the danger of using a mind-altering drug while caring for her children, especially in light of her medical condition. Marthiljohni testified that J.C. "has been unstable in maintaining her emotions around the children" and has been "vulgar" and acted inappropriately by yelling and screaming in front of the children. B.R.P. swallowed five nails while in J.C.'s care. Marthiljohni stated that her understanding of the event was that H.M.P. acquired the nails while in J.C.'s care, and believed that both J.C. and M.P. were responsible for the incident, because M.P. left the nails in a bowl on the table and J.C. was at home with the children when it happened. Marthiljohni understood that M.P. was at work when B.R.P. actually swallowed the nails. Dr. Moran stated that H.M.P. was discovered holding nails in her hand, and J.C. testified that she found the nails in B.R.P.'s diaper. According to J.C., she would smoke marihuana while caring for her children. Gonzales stated that J.C. did not notice when B.R.P., who was standing right next to J.C., took cigarettes out of J.C.'s purse. From this evidence, the trial court could have reasonably inferred that J.C. was not properly supervising the children when H.M.P. fed the nails to B.R.P. Marthiljohni stated that CASA recommended that J.C.'s parental rights be terminated because she is concerned for the emotional well-being and health of the children. Phlaum testified that there had been referrals made regarding J.C. and M.P. in other counties in Texas and that TDFPS had unsuccessfully attempted to make contact with J.C. and M.P. regarding those referrals because the family was "moving about." J.C. testified that TDFPS had investigated her parenting ability because J.C. had tested positive for marihuana when she was pregnant with H.M.P., and there is evidence in the record that H.M.P. suffered from a lung condition when she was born and had also tested positive for marihuana. (43) 3. Present and future emotional and physical danger to the child J.C. had a history of placing herself in environments where the children observed physical abuse. According to M.P., when the children were in J.C.'s home, J.C. physically abused him and he physically abused J.C. Furthermore, before visiting the children, J.C. attacked M.P. in the parking lot. At the time of trial, J.C. lived with a man who had a history with CPS; J.C. was not aware of why this man had been referred to CPS or whether he had been cleared of any allegations. J.C. engaged in illegal drug use even after being informed that she would not be reunited with the children. J.C. testified that although she smoked marihuana, she never did so in front of the children; however, she also stated that she was not negatively affected by the drug because it only "relaxed" her and did not put her in a "trance." J.C. believed that she was capable of supervising the children despite the fact that she had been smoking marihuana. J.C.'s continued drug use and inability to recognize its dangers weigh strongly in support of finding that termination was in the children's best interest. (44) A parent's engaging in illegal drug activity after agreeing not to do so in a service plan for reunification with her children is sufficient to establish clear and convincing proof of voluntary, deliberate, and conscious conduct that endangered the well-being of her children. (45) M.P. stated that he called the police when he smelled marihuana in their home, and it is reasonable to infer that he would continue to contact authorities if J.C. continued using drugs. Moreover, conduct that subjects a child to a life of uncertainty and instability because of the probability that its parent or parents will be jailed because of illegal conduct thereby leaving the child alone, endangers the child's physical or emotional well-being. (46) 4. Parental abilities of the person(s) seeking custody The evidence shows that J.C. is unable to provide a safe and stable home for the children. There was evidence that J.C. is not employed, and she is unable to provide housing for her children without her new boyfriend's assistance. The boyfriend works a full-time job; however, according to J.C., they could not afford housing in Victoria, which J.C. claimed caused her inability to complete her service plan, attend parenting classes and seek counseling. According to the evidence presented, J.C. constantly moved from county to county with the children. J.C. was unable to supply TDFPS with a stable address during the pendency of the proceedings, and although there is evidence that there is ample room for the children at J.C.'s current residence, she was living at her boyfriend's home. Without employment, J.C. is not able to afford her own home. Marthiljohni testified that she has "serious concerns with [J.C.'s] ability to parent" the children, and Gonzales stated that she believed that J.C. does not recognize inappropriate or dangerous situations regarding her children. H.M.P., a three-year-old child, has exhibited tantrums, and J.C. has not been able to provide adequate redirection. The evidence shows that H.M.P. did not exhibit the inappropriate behavior when J.C. and M.P. were absent. H.M.P. and B.R.P. have witnessed J.C.'s physical and verbal altercations with M.P. and others. M.P. testified that J.C. pulled H.M.P. across the floor by her hair when she was not able to deal with H.M.P.'s behavior at a restaurant. J.C. does not recognize the danger posed by smoking marihuana while caring for two young children. Dr. Moran testified that had J.C. told her she was still using marihuana; Dr. Moran would not have recommended reunification with the children. 5. Available assistance programs J.C. has not completed any of the available assistance programs. At her first meeting with caseworkers, J.C. indicated that she was not willing to comply with the service plan, and in fact, did not comply with most of its requirements. Further, she failed to keep her counseling appointments, indicating a lack of willingness to participate in the available assistance. J.C. also refused to attend outpatient drug treatment as recommended. Tucker testified that if the parent does not contact her, appointments for parenting classes are not scheduled, but that J.C. had only scheduled five appointments with her from March 1, 2008 through August 1, 2008. According to Tucker, J.C. had "somewhat" grasped the requirements presented in the parenting classes she attended, but when Tucker did visit with J.C., the focus of the meeting was not on parenting skills but on assisting J.C. with "follow[ing] through" with her service plan. J.C.'s counselor, Faust, testified that she met with J.C. on three occasions, but that J.C. then failed to attend several scheduled appointments and was eventually dropped as a client. In plaintiff's exhibit 4, Faust's counseling progress reports regarding J.C. and M.P., Faust documented that J.C. had not "yet accepted responsibility for her contribution to the events that resulted in the removal of her children, and seems to blame [M.P.] for the mistakes that brought the two of them to counseling." Faust also stated that J.C.'s missed appointments "present[ed] a concern in regards to her commitment to treatment, and that J.C.'s "lack of accountability adds concerns regarding and [sic] inability to succeed in treatment." According to Faust's assessment, J.C. did not "appear committed to treatment," and in the only session attended in the month of May 2008, J.C. "denied both having run out of medicine that is meant to treat bipolar symptoms, and that she continues to use marijuana." Faust noted that J.C. "appeared untruthful and guarded and conveyed an air of manipulation" and that J.C. did "not speak to her children [or] indicate any discomfort in being separated from them." The report indicates that J.C. showed "no earnest interest in additional feedback or information." Faust noted that she was concerned for the safety of the children "as [J.C.] express[ed] no concern for their well-being and indicat[ed] no discomfort regarding the lack of time she spends with them." In a progress report dated August 14, 2008, Faust recommended "reunification with [M.P.] and the children" and "that the children have limited, if any, contact with [J.C.] based on reported lack of responsibility on [J.C.'s] part." Faust documented that "[r]eported behaviors by [J.C.] at the CPS office present[ed] a great concern regarding the safety and well-being of the children should they continue to be in the presence of [J.C.]." 6. Plans for the children by those individuals or by the agency seeking custody TDFPS has been appointed permanent managing conservator of the children and M.P. has been appointed possessory conservator. The evidence shows that M.P. is in compliance with the terms of his service plan, and has completed parenting classes and counseling. J.C. has not followed through with court-ordered counseling or with outpatient drug treatment. J.C. stated that she did not have a reason for not attending parenting classes, except that she did not have a phone. From the first meeting with TDFPS, J.C. indicated that she was unwilling to cooperate with caseworkers or complete the requirements of her service plan. M.P. has complied with the requirements of the service plan, has completed parenting classes, and is continuing to complete the rest of the requirements necessary for reunification with his children. Based on all of the evidence presented, and applying the best-interest factors, we conclude that the trial court could reasonably have formed a firm conviction or belief that termination of J.C.'s parental rights would be in the children's best interest. Accordingly, we overrule J.C.'s second issue. Because "[o]nly one predicate finding under section 161.001(1) is necessary to support a judgment of termination when there is also a finding that termination is in the child's best interest," (47) we need not address J.C.'s remaining issues on appeal pertaining to sections 161.001(1)(D) and 161.001(1)(F) of the family code. (48) III. Conservatorship Determination In her third issue, J.C. argues that the trial court erred by not appointing her as a joint co-possessory conservator pursuant to section 153.191 of the family code because the trial court did not find that "her parental possession of access would endanger the physical or emotional welfare of the children." (49) Section 153.191 mandates that the trial court appoint a "parent" possessory conservator "who is not appointed as a sole or joint managing conservator unless [the trial court] finds that the appointment is not in the best interest of the child and that parental possession or access would endanger the physical or emotional welfare of the child" (50) Here, J.C.'s parental rights were terminated by court order divesting her of "all legal [parental] rights and duties." (51) Moreover, the term "parent," as defined by the family code, "does not include a parent to whom the parent-child relationship has been terminated." (52) Thus, section 153.191 is inapplicable because J.C.'s parental rights have been terminated. Therefore, having determined that the evidence is sufficient to support termination of J.C.'s parental rights, we conclude that the trial court did not err by not appointing J.C. as co-possessory conservator. (53) Finally, because M.P. does not appeal the trial court's determination that he be appointed possessory conservator, and J.C. may not complain about errors that do not harm her or that only influence other's rights, (54) we cannot conclude that the trial court erred in appointing M.P. possessory conservator. (55) We overrule J.C.'s third issue. IV. Conclusion We affirm the trial court's judgment. ______________________ LINDA REYNA YAÑEZ, Justice Delivered and filed the 7th day of January, 2010. 1. To protect the privacy of the minor children, we refer to the parties by their initials. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §109.002(d) (Vernon 2008); Tex. R. App. P. 9.8(b)(2). 2. The nails were one and one-half inches in length. 3. There is nothing in the record indicating who made the referral. 4. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(D), (F), (O) (Vernon Supp. 2009). 5. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001; id. § 153.002 (Vernon 2008); In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. 2005). 6. Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985); see In re D.S.P., 210 S.W.3d 776, 778 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2006, no pet.). 7. In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d at 84; In re D.S.P., 210 S.W.3d at 778. 8. In re G.M., 596 S.W.2d 846, 847 (Tex. 1980); In re C.S., 208 S.W.3d 77, 83 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2006 pet. denied); Porter v. Tex. Dep't of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 105 S.W.3d 52, 57 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 2003, no pet.). 9. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.007 (Vernon 2008); see In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002). 10. In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d at 85 (quoting In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002)). 11. Id. 12. Id. 13. In re M.C.T., 250 S.W.3d 161, 168 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2008, no pet.) (citing In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 28). 14. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266; In re M.C.T., 250 S.W.3d at 168 (citing In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex. 2006)). 15. On cross-examination, Phlaum stated that the domestic violence included an instance where M.P. hit J.C. and other instances where both M.P. and J.C. "exchanged blows." 16. According to Phlaum, the movement of the family "was a situation where [the family] seemed to be going back and forth. At some point they were in Graham [County] and [then they] were back in Victoria. It was hard for the CPS personnel in those locations to be able to keep up with the family and where they were at the time." 17. Phlaum testified that if J.C. had complied with the service order on September 2007, the children probably would not have been removed. 18. We note that J.C. has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder requiring psychiatric treatment. 19. M.P. had never tested positive on a random drug test. 20. On cross-examination by J.C.'s attorney, Gonzales stated that J.C. had only one negative drug test result. 21. Gonzales stated that she was aware that M.P. had been charged with two counts of assault against J.C. and that he pleaded guilty to one count of assault and was on probation at the time of the termination hearing. 22. H.M.P. was two at the time of the incident. 23. According to Dr. Moran, J.C.'s current behavior is similar to her behavior as a student. 24. It appears from the record that J.C. and M.P. began individual counseling after they separated. 25. Each session costs twenty dollars. 26. M.P. had been attending counseling with Faust on a weekly basis since March 11, 2008 until the date of the termination hearing on September 17, 2008. The last session with M.P. was on September 17. 27. Dr. Moran noted in the psychological evaluation that H.M.P. "was born testing positive for marijuana." 28. Dr. Moran noted in J.C.'s psychological examination that J.C. was observed to have a very short attention span, with distractibility, an elevated activity level, with constant fidgeting, impulsive responding, and driven motor movements. Her speech was rapid and pressured. . . . [J.C.'s] thoughts were not consistently goal-directed, and she introduced a number of irrelevant or tangetially-related details that contributed to run-on speech that required frequent redirection to the topic at hand, and her clinical presentation, even when seen on medication, bore substantial symptoms of mania. We note that at the termination hearing, J.C.'s responses to questions lacked coherence and there are many details of her answers that we are unable to decipher. 29. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(O). 30. See Tex. R. Evid. 201(b) (providing that judicial notice may be taken upon request at any stage of the proceedings of any adjudicative fact which "is either (1) generally known within the territorial jurisdiction of the trial court or (2) capable of accurate and ready determination by resort to sources whose accuracy cannot reasonably be questioned"). 31. In re Shell E&P, Inc., 179 S.W.3d 125, 130 (Tex. App-San Antonio 2005, orig. proceeding) ("The trial judge was entitled to take judicial notice of his own prior order entered in a related case between substantially the same parties.") (citing Gardner v. Martin, 162 Tex. 156, 345 S.W.2d 274, 276 (Tex. 1961)); Sierad v. Barnett, 164 S.W.3d 471, 481 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2005, no pet.); Brown v. Brown, 145 S.W.3d 745, 750 (Tex. App.-Dallas 2004, pet. denied); Bryan v. Blue, 724 S.W.2d 400, 402 (Tex. App.-Waco 1986, no writ); Escamilla v. Estate of Escamilla, 921 S.W.2d 723, 726 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi 1996, writ denied). 32. Sierad, 164 S.W.3d at 481. We note that during redirect examination of Gonzales, the attorney for TDFPS stated that the trial court had taken judicial notice of its file, and J.C. did not object. 33. Brown, 145 S.W.3d at 750 (citing Tex. R. Evid. 201(d)). 34. See id. 35. In the Interest of T.N., 180 S.W.3d 376, 382-83 (Tex. App.-Amarillo 2005, no pet.) (providing that the trier of fact "may freely choose to believe all, part, or none of the testimony espoused by any particular witness"). 36. See In re J.L., 163 S.W.3d at 85. 37. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 372 (Tex. 1976). 38. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27 (providing that these considerations are not exhaustive, "or that all such considerations must be proved as a condition precedent to parental termination") (emphasis in original); In re J.R.S., 232 S.W.3d 278, 284 (Tex. App-Fort Worth 2007, no pet.) ("These factors are not exhaustive; some listed factors may be inapplicable to some cases; other factors not on the list may also be considered when appropriate."). 39. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.307(a) (Vernon 2008). 40. Id. § 263.307(b). Those factors enumerated in section 263.307(b) include, among others, the following: (1) the child's age and physical and mental vulnerabilities; (2) the frequency and nature of out-of-home placements; (3) the magnitude, frequency, and circumstances of the harm to the child; . . . . (6) the results of psychiatric, psychological, or developmental evaluations of the child, parents, other family members, or others who have access to the child's home; (7) whether there is a history of abusive or assaultive conduct by the child's family or others who have access to the child's home; (8) whether there is a history of substance abuse by the child's family or others who have access to the child's home; . . . . (10) the willingness and ability of the child's family to seek out and accept, and complete counseling services and to cooperate with and facilitate an appropriate agency's close supervision; (11) the willingness and ability of the child's family to effect positive environmental and personal changes within a reasonable period of time. . . . Id. 41. See In the Interest of R.R., 209 S.W.3d 112, 116 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam); In the Interest of S.N., 272 S.W.3d 45, 50-51 (Tex. App.-Waco 2008, no pet.); In re T.N.F., 205 S.W.3d 625, 632-33 n.3 (Tex. App.-Waco 2006, pet. denied). 42. In addition to the instances described above, Gonzales testified that after J.C. visited with the children and M.P. began his visit with the children, the children had been crying for "awhile." After the children "settled down," as J.C. walked out of the building, J.C. "put her face to the wall [of the room where the children were visiting with M.P.] and screamed, "bye [H.M.P.]" Marthiljohni testified that when J.C. encountered M.P. while visiting the children separately, J.C. would make inappropriate, "ugly" comments in front of the children to M.P. as he walked by her. Marthiljohni also stated that in the last visit she observed, J.C. acted "very juvenile" in her interaction with H.M.P. and it appeared as if J.C. was attempting to upset or set H.M.P. off. This interaction disturbed Marthiljohni. According to Marthiljohni, after J.C. took some earrings away from H.M.P., H.M.P. began crying and hitting J.C., and J.C. was unable to redirect H.M.P. 43. See Dupree v. Tex. Dep't of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 907 S.W.2d 81, 84 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1995, no writ) ("The use of drugs during pregnancy may be conduct which endangers the physical and emotional well-being of the child.") (citing In re Guillory, 618 S.W.2d 948, 951 (Tex. Civ. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1981, no writ)). 44. See Toliver v. Tex. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs., 217 S.W.3d 85, 98 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2006, no pet.) ("Evidence of narcotics use and its effect on a parent's life and her ability to parent may establish that the parent has engaged in an 'endangering course of conduct.'"); see also Latham v. Dep't of Family & Protective Servs., 177 S.W.3d 341, 348 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.) (concluding that evidence of drug use by the parent coupled with continuing use even though the parent was aware that her parental rights were in jeopardy may establish an endangering course of conduct). 45. In the Interest of T.N., 180 S.W.3d at 383 (citing Robinson v. Tex. Dep't of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 89 S.W.3d 679, 686-87 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.)). 46. Id. 47. In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 362 (Tex. 2003). 48. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1; Perez v. Tex. Dep't of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 148 S.W.3d 427, 434 (Tex. App.-El Paso 2004, no pet.); In re L.M., 104 S.W.3d 642, 647 (Tex. App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.); see also In re C.C., No. 13-07-00541-CV, 2009 Tex. App. LEXIS 2239, at *24 (Tex. App.-Corpus Christi Apr. 2, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op.). 49. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.191 (Vernon 2008). 50. Id. 51. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.206(b) (Vernon 2008). Moreover, former parents do not have standing to invoke a court's continuing jurisdiction over managing conservatorship issues nor do they have a right to visitation. In re Lambert, 993 S.W.2d 123, 132 (Tex. App.-San Antonio 1999, orig. proceeding). 52. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 101.024 (Vernon 2008). 53. Moreover, J.C. cites to no authority, and we find none, requiring a trial court to make a separate finding that parental possession or access would endanger the physical or emotional welfare of the children after termination of the parent-child relationship. 54. See In re D.C., 128 S.W.3d 707, 713 (Tex. App.-Fort Worth 2004, no pet.) (concluding that mother had no standing on appeal to raise issue concerning service by publication on unknown biological father who did not appeal); In re B.B., 971 S.W.2d 160, 163 (Tex. App.-Beaumont 1998, pet. denied) (providing that mother could not appeal termination of father's parental rights when father did not appeal), disapproved of on other grounds, In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 26 (disapproving formulation of standard of review). 55. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 153.006 (a) (Vernon 2008) ("If a managing conservator is appointed, the court may appoint one or more possessory conservators."); id. § 263.404 (Vernon 2008) ("The court may render a final order appointing the department as managing conservator of the child without terminating the rights of the parent of the child. . . .); see also id. § 153.005 (Vernon 2008) ("A managing conservator must be a parent, a competent adult, an authorized agency, or a licensed child-placing agency.").	{ "pile_set_name": "FreeLaw" }
USS Gilmer Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Gilmer after the 19th-century American statesman Thomas Walker Gilmer: was a commissioned in 1920 and decommissioned in 1946. was a patrol boat commissioned in 1942 and decommissioned in 1946. Category:United States Navy ship names	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
The differential effects of external ankle support on postural control. Ankle supports are commonly used in an attempt to decrease the risk of ankle injury during sport. However, their use may also impair postural control, which is an integral component of sports participation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different ankle supports (tape, brace, and elastic bandage) on postural control in 24 normal subjects with a mean age of 24.8 years (+/- 4.4). Two measures were used to evaluate postural control in one-legged stance with the eyes closed: variability of mediolateral ground reaction force (acquired from a force platform) and frequency of foot touchdowns by the nonsupport leg (assumed to indicate ability of the subject to maintain one-legged stance posture). Both measures revealed a differential effect for ankle support on postural control. The use of an elastic bandage had no significant effect on postural control (p > 0.05), while the use of tape or a brace had a significant detrimental effect (p < 0.05). While wearing the tape or a brace, subjects were less steady and touched down more frequently. Restriction of ankle movement was offered as a possible explanation for the results, since postural control was impaired only by the ankle supports which limited ankle motion. These findings may have implications regarding impaired athletic performance.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Personal Finance Deanne Gage is a Toronto-based writer who has specialized in personal-finance issues since 1999. A recipient of several journalism awards, including one from the Investment Funds Institute of Canada, she is also a former editor of Advisor's Edge and Advisor.ca. She can be reached at deannegage@gmail.com. To qualify for a standard mortgage from a lender, you need proof of your income. While a paystub and letter of employment may be sufficient documentation for the average employee, the prerequisites for the self-employed are more complex. Simply put, the self-employed will need to present much more paperwork about their businesses and how they earn income. "It's not uncommon for someone who is self-employed to reach out to us a few years prior to getting the mortgage so they have some clear understanding of what their options are," notes Angela Calla, an accredited mortgage professional at Dominion Lending Centre in Port Coquitlam, B.C. To start, self-employed professionals need to show a minimum of two years' income if they have less than 20% for a down payment. The biggest hurdle with proving self-employment earnings is that business income is calculated after expenses and other write-offs, so the amount looks smaller than a comparable base salary from an employer. The smaller the income, the smaller the mortgage you qualify for. To show a more accurate reflection of self-employed income, the borrowers are required to provide documentation such as a notice of assessment (NOA), business financials and company structure/ownership. Self-employed mortgage applicants should also be prepared to answer a business questionnaire about how their income is generated, Calla adds. "Depending on the complexity of the situation, the lenders also may ask for bank deposits, invoices and contracts with clients you work with regularly." Having an impeccable credit score (680 or higher) is a must if you want to be considered for the best mortgage options, Calla notes. "Any late payments to credit cards or lines of credit will make it difficult to get a mortgage." Multiple credit checks can also be a red flag for lenders. They may think you are altering your application at different lenders, which will put you under extra scrutiny, Calla says. Using one mortgage broker means one credit check and researching all the different mortgage options available simultaneously. Don't think your documentation requirements are over once you obtain the initial mortgage. Renewal time also means presenting the same paperwork all over again. When Bryan Borzykowski, a freelance writer and editor who operates as a sole proprietor in Toronto, wanted to renew his mortgage, he had to send in two years of notices of assessment (NOA) and T1s. "I was surprised at the amount of paperwork they still needed for the mortgage renewal. I thought they would just approve me," he says. His main advice for the self-employed? Stay organized. "Keep those NOAs handy." When Brad Hussey wanted to buy a larger home in Hamilton, he had been self-employed as a communications consultant for three years. He worried whether the banks would approve a mortgage for his family this time around. "The first couple of years working freelance can be your worst years as you struggle to get a solid cash flow and regular work," he explains. "My first few balance sheets were mediocre at best, certainly less than what I had been earning with full-time work." But in the end, the Husseys were offered a mortgage. The lender just wanted proof that he didn't owe a large balance to Canada Revenue Agency. Hussey's wife worked full time, offsetting Hussey's self-employment, and he brought in copies of all his invoices, contracts and NOAs. "I had even asked my regular clients if they would be willing to send an email about future workloads and their intentions to keep me on board," he says. It also helped that the Husseys had some equity built up in their starter home and were buying in an up-and-coming neighbourhood. Besides staying on top of paperwork, Hussey recommends that self-employed professionals consider their timing when applying for a mortgage. He gives the example of a year when revenue is light or heavy on expenses, but the person also has a couple of large invoices in accounts receivable. "Ask if the invoices will be enough to satisfy the lender's criteria or if it's better to wait until you have the funds in the bank," he suggests. Hussey also advises sole proprietors to have written contracts for regular work. "They are not unbreakable, but they do show an expectation of revenue and some commitment from your clients," he says. Finally, if you are just considering becoming self employed, there may be less hassle to getting approved for the mortgage while you're still an employee. Calla uses the example of a woman who worked in marketing for a large company who wanted a house but wanted to leave her job to work on her own. If she had recently left her job, she'd have to wait two years to have the required self-employment income, which may or may not be the equivalent of her current salary. By getting the mortgage now, there would be no surprises. She would know how much she would qualify for. Don’t miss out on communications from Morningstar Canada! Sign up for our specialised newsletters, get early notice of our events, and get access to exclusive promotional content. Manage your subscriptions here.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
# CSS `Bili` supports CSS by default with the help from [rollup-plugin-postcss](https://github.com/egoist/rollup-plugin-postcss): By default CSS files will be extracted to the same location where the JS is generated but with `.css` extension. You can inline CSS in your bundle by either using CLI option: `--no-extract-css` or config file: ```js module.exports = { output: { extractCSS: false } } ``` ## PostCSS Config You can populate a `postcss.config.js` to use custom PostCSS plugins. ## CSS Preprocessors `rollup-plugin-postcss` also supports common CSS Preprocessors like Sass: ```bash yarn add node-sass --dev ``` Then you can import `.scss` or `.sass` files in your code. For Stylus and Less, you also need to install `stylus` and `less` in your project.	{ "pile_set_name": "Github" }
Q: Express middleware on folder mounted app I have an Express.js application running on https://mydomain.tld/folder. It sets up the route middlewares with app.use('/path', middleware) but only the one for the '/' path is working properly. I'm guessing this is because Express is looking for requests on https://mydomain.tld/path instead of on https://mydomain.tld/folder/path. How can I get Express to process the requests for https://mydomain.tld/folder/path (preferably without having to hard code the path)? A: Using a router: // myRouter.js var express = require('express') var router = express.Router() router.get('/path', middleware) // other routes... module.exports = router Now you can use your router with the relative path you want: var myRouter = require('./myRouter') app.use('/folder', myRouter)	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
In this July 29, 2012 photo, an artist who calls himself the Urban Maeztro and prefers to remain anonymous for security reasons, works on a black-and-white reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" holding a pink gun at his studio before hanging it in a public space in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The 26-year-old graphic artist left his day job at an advertising agency to work on pieces like this one, to encourage Hondurans think about how violent their country has become. AP Photo/Fernando Antonio. By: Alberto Arce, Associated Press TEGUCIGALPA (AP).- In the capital of one of the world's most dangerous countries, a hooded, masked man jumped out of a car on an assault mission. His target: a crumbling wall on a garbage-strewn corner. With his accomplice acting as lookout, the man plastered a giant black-and-white reproduction of Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" wielding a pink pistol. In minutes he was gone. The city's self-proclaimed Urban Maeztro had struck again with another artistic "intervention" designed to make Hondurans think about the violence that has traumatized Tegucigalpa. "The level of how common guns have become in this country has passed what is rationally admissible," said the 26-year-old graphic artist, who left his day job at an advertising agency to become the masked crusader. "It doesn't seem to surprise anyone, but for me it continues to be madness." The artist uses the street name Urban Maeztro, a stylized translation of "Urban Master," to shield his true identity because the work is both dangerous and illegal. The Honduran lacks the fame of the elusive British graffiti artist known only as Banksy, who has gained notoriety in Europe in recent years. Urban Maeztro said only his closest friends know that he launches the artistic assaults, dressed in a hoodie, his face covered with a kerchief depicting a skull. The artist arrests passing viewers by defacing posters of artistic masterpieces, such as the Mona Lisa, with guns, grenades and other iconic tools of violence. He also employs more traditional graffiti, painting sections of metal light poles to look like bullets. "There is a parallel between the brutal violation of a work so beautiful by adding a firearm and the violence and guns in Tegucigalpa, which could also be a beautiful city without them," he said. His canvas is the streets of the Central American city of 1.2 million, which he describes as "captive, fearful and closed by a mixture of violence, poverty and an absence of public services." About 1,149 people were murdered in the Honduran capital last year, more than 87 for every 100,000. That's 10 times the rate considered an epidemic of violence by the World Health Organization a number that has doubled in the last five years. As a result, Tegucigalpa's streets are typically empty, as are public squares and other traditional meeting spots. Most people congregate in giant, indoor American-style shopping malls guarded by men with automatic rifles. During a recent graffiti assault, even passing motorists swerved at the sight of the hooded artist in a Honduras tourist T-shirt and paint-speckled cargo pants drawing on the city's walls. A security guard watched as he plastered Grant Wood's "American Gothic" on a wall In front of the National University, completely absorbed. "Who pays you to do that?" the guard asked. "No one," the artist answered. "Then why do it?" "To help you think." It worked, as the guard stood contemplating whether the old farm couple was holding M-16 rifles instead of pitch forks. During a recent interview, the commando artist smiled easily and never raised his voice as he described his mission with Zen-like tranquility. He said he started the guerrilla attacks in October when he got tired of working a high-pressure agency job creating art for advertisements. "In a country that's sinking, using art to boost consumption rather than to provoke social change became unbearable for me," he said. Now working fewer hours at a cultural center, he has more time and greater flexibility for his project. Standing over a gas stove in the outdoor garden of a friend's home in Tegucigalpa's historic center, the artist stirred a boiling pot of the glue he uses to affix his posters. Laundry dried in the sun on a nearby clothesline. The artist said the catalyst for his mission as an anonymous urban artist came when he entered a UNESCO poster contest on cultural diversity. When he lost the contest, he decided that the institutional doors for supporting his idea were closed. "The natural place for art is the street, forget the middleman," he said. Since then he's created a dynamic that includes making his own glue by boiling wheat and water, which he said is "the best adhesive and cheap," and roaming the city on Sunday afternoons seeking vacant walls and inspiration. His accomplice, the documentarian Junior Alvarez, keeps watch while he works, then photographs the final piece. "At first I had anxiety when I went into the streets," the artist said, "but now I'm used to the adrenaline." Art critic Bayardo Blandino, curator of the Women in the Arts museum, said that Urban Maeztro's style of graffiti is new to Honduras, and that he is pushing the limits on the country's freedom of expression. "If he continues with perseverance, he will get a loyal following and have an effect," said Blandino, who does not know Urban Maeztro's true identity. During a social gathering on a recent Saturday night, traditional graffiti artists criticized his work for mixing formats and material and not sticking to pure graffiti art. Unknown to them, the man who paints as Urban Maeztro was among them. He doesn't want his interventions to seem naive. He knows art won't diminish the number of weapons or improve education in his country. But it's possible, he said, to "provoke reflection about these problems, the first step for citizens to develop a critical awareness. Everything in street art is context." In an area of the city that houses some of Tegucigalpa's most elegant hotels, the Urban Maeztro plastered an image of Rene Magritte's "Son of Man," substituting a grenade for the apple covering the face of the suited subject in a bowler hat. Three students smoking marijuana under the trees didn't hesitate to comment. "Those responsible for the violence in Honduras are hidden, we don't know their faces, but they're powerful, they wear suits and ties," said one of the students, Gerson Ortiz. If death is part of everyday life in Honduras, then Urban Maeztro says his work should be about "breaking the daily macabre by changing its meaning." Doing his work is not easy in a country that experienced a coup three years ago and is now plagued by daily murders, many of them blamed on the police. The violence has directly touched the artist, who remembers one night when he heard a car slowing down behind him as he was working. "I looked back just in time to see someone lower the window and stick out a gun," he said. "He shot at me three times without a word. He didn't get me. I was really lucky."	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Contaminated air is directed into the chamber where ambient humidity and multiple nanometer wavelengths and frequencies combine to create an oxidizing formula and produce hydroxyls. The quartz crystal optics are finely tuned to deodorize air flow, eradicate bacteria and other microorganisms, and produce hydroxyl molecules. The purified air is recycled back into the environment along with hydroxyls to further decontaminate surfaces & contents. Total Executive represent the company that has just started to distribute this technology in Australia. To learn more how this innovative process can help your business, with case studies and independent lab tests along with a complimentary no obligation consultation simply contact our founder here or +61408844009 View a video explaining the history of the company who are leading the world in this industry with the amazing technology that is now available in Australia here: Chicken feathers could be the backbone of the next major plastics revolution, according to a US research team. Every year in the US, industrial poultry farms produce about 2 million tonnes of feathers, most of which end up as waste. At the same time, the world is facing a growing mound of discarded plastic. Transport emissions account for a significant - and rising - percentage of greenhouse gases. Despite their environmental impact and the recognition of the need to reduce transport emissions, cutting them is a challenge for policymakers, partly because car ownership is symbolic of wealth and success in modern societies, and because globalisation and international trade have resulted in a substantial increase in freight transport around the globe. Both play a key role in the huge increase in emissions in recent decades.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Hi David, Thanks for your thoughtful reply. From: "David Brady" <ruby_talk / shinybit.com> > > Bill Kelly wrote: > > >Again, I'd ask to see what sort of test you'd propose that would > >catch the problem I described. (My post, the one you quoted, was > >about CGI, not the Logger.) > > > > > I find that the hardest tests to write are the ones that I overlooked > because I am unaware of my blind spots. Yes - agreed. > Until I read your post, I thought like you did--that to_s flattened an > object into a chunk of text. But now I see that it doesn't. It doesn't > even return a String object! It returns an object that behaves--dare I > say quacks?--like a String. > > Another assumption you may be making--and once I state it, the test for > it should become obvious--is that YAML should output pleasingly human > readable text, even if it loses the ability to correctly restore objects. Hmm... Actually my assumption (or hope) would be that YAML always be able to write out objects that it can correctly restore. My reason for wanting my application to be serializing "real" simple strings isn't really tied, I think, to any assumptions about how YAML itself should behave. But yes, I want my application to, using YAML, output simple strings that are not only pleasingly human readable, but also compact. I have no problem with YAML doing exactly what I've asked it to. I just didn't realize I was feeding it complex singleton String instances with "extra" instance variables. () The compactness is desirable for performance reasons: I'm already splitting my databases via hashing into 4093 sub- files, so each component file of the database can be loaded/saved quickly enough. YAML Ain't Mercurial Lightning... ? ;) > I know, I know. There exists in business the concept of "approprately > incorrect". You are using YAML to produce "appropriately incorrect" files. I'm not sure I agree. I'm using YAML to accurately serialize my data. It's my fault for feeding it unexpectedly complex data. > The behavior you want is "take a Stringlike object, and emit pleasingly > simplified text". That's easily testable. Take your CGI object, have > YAML dump it, then open the YAML file manually and see that the text is > correct. Or build a CGI object, then build an equivalent object using > Strings, output them to different files and then assert that there is no > difference between the files. The second method may seem more robust, > because it lets you not care how YAML stores Strings... but that's the > rabbit that led us down this hole in the first place. Use the first > method, because you don't care if YAML stores CGI the same as a String, > you care that the output is pleasing to read. If YAML changes the way > it stores String, you'll want this test to break. Your app should > shriek until you have verified that the new format is pleasant. One test I had in mind was, assert( cgi['something'].to_s.to_yaml == String.new(cgi['something'].to_s).to_yaml ) ...but that test does rely on my modified String#to_s behavior. One complication is that, for the time being, my application needs to run on systems with the 1.8.1 CGI behavior (which returns a parameter value as a non-String-object that quacks like a String), and the 1.8.2 CGI behavior (which returns a paramater value as a genuine String instance whose singleton class happens to have been extend'ed with a module that includes some bonus instance variables.) So far, my String#to_s hack still seems like a reasonable enough way to enforce the behavior I need in my current application. (But again, I'd NOT take this hack approach if I were writing a library.) So, given my String#to_s hack, I think the above assert() should cover the specific problem I was having. A more direct approach might have been for me to open the CGI class and replace CGI#[] so that it returned simple String instances, not complex extend'ed ones. (Again, something I'd consider for my app, but not for a library.) I'm not sure if more general tests involving YAML and Strings would help, since I don't really want to change YAML's behavior - I just want to not accidentally feed it complex objects. Regards, Bill	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Managerial coaching: a concept analysis. This article presents a report of a concept analysis of managerial coaching. Managerial coaching has been identified as a means for managers to give support to staff nurses, however, no clear delineation of what behaviours and attributes constitute managerial coaching or differentiate it from other career development relationships is provided in the current nursing literature. The CINAHL, ProQuest, Business Source Complete and PscyhIFNO databases were searched for articles published between 1980-2009 using the keywords coaching, managerial coaching, nurse manager support, nursing leadership, self-efficacy, work environment and empowerment. A hybrid approach was used, incorporating both Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis and King's conceptual system and Theory of Goal Attainment to explore the meaning of managerial coaching. Inclusive years of search ranged from 1980-2009. Managerial coaching is a specific dyadic relationship between the nurse manager and staff nurse intended to improve skills and knowledge as they relate to expected job performance. Antecedents and consequences are categorized at the individual and organizational level. Defining attributes, empirical referents and a model case are presented. The theoretical definition for this concept helps to differentiate it from other types of career development relationships and will give a basis for nurse managers to understand what skills and attributes are necessary to establish an effective managerial coaching relationship with staff nurses. Conceptualization will also assist in developing empirical studies examining managerial coaching behaviours in the work environment.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Gregg, R-N.H., nearly joined President Obama’s Cabinet as Commerce secretary. But on the day Congress is approving the president’s budget over the opposition of Republicans, Gregg said he’s concerned that the president’s plans will mean unbridled spending. Of Specter’s decision -- which leaves Democrats on the verge of a veto-proof majority of 60 votes -- Gregg said: “It means that you basically have a one-party system now, and there's no checks and balances on this massive expansion of the size of government.” “Yes, the president is very popular,” he added. “He's a great guy, a nice guy. I like him, and he's certainly pursuing a lot of programs very aggressively. But you still have to look at the specifics of his programs and what they're going to bring about.” “Clearly they're in control, and they now have unilateral control with the movement of Senator Specter over to the Democratic side,” Gregg said. “They have their 60 votes here in the Senate -- or will probably have their 60 votes in the Senate -- and so they can pretty much do whatever they want, and I'm a little concerned about what they want to do.” The budget, he said, “dramatically increases the debt that our children will have to pay for, and puts us on a path which is not sustainable. It has a trillion-dollar deficit for the next 10 years on average, and that leads to a national debt which is 80 percent of GDP. And to try to put that into perspective, our national debt today is about 40 percent of GDP, and we couldn't get into the European Union. In other words, Latvia could get in but we couldn't get in with that type of a debt-to-GDP ratio.” Gregg also said he’s not reconsidering his decision to retire from the Senate at the end of 2010, despite calls from some Republicans for him to seek another term. “We’ve got some really talented people that will want to run, and I'm looking forward to supporting them,” Gregg said.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Gabriel Christie (Maryland) Gabriel Christie (November 29, 1756 – April 1, 1808) was an American political leader from Perryman, Maryland. He was born in Perryman. He served in the Maryland militia during the American Revolution. He served as a member of the Maryland house of delegates and on a commission for straightening roads. He represented the sixth district of Maryland in the United States House of Representatives from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1801. The 6th district that he represented was in the north-east corner of Maryland, bordering Pennsylvania and Delaware, and did not cover any of the area that had been in the sixth district before the 1792 redistricting. By his second term in congress he is generally identified as a Democratic-Republican. In 1800–1801 he served as a commissioner of Havre de Grace. He served in the Maryland State Senate (1802–1806). When Christie died in 1808 in Baltimore, Maryland, his body was taken home to Perryman and buried in the Spesutia Cemetery there. References References Category:1756 births Category:1808 deaths Category:Maryland state senators Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maryland Category:People from Perryman, Maryland Category:Maryland Democratic-Republicans Category:Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives Category:People from Havre de Grace, Maryland Category:Maryland militiamen in the American Revolution Category:Burials in Maryland Category:People of colonial Maryland	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }
Effect of genital ulcer disease on HIV-1 coreceptor expression in the female genital tract. To examine the expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors (CCR5 and CXCR4) by monocytic cells within human genital ulcers. Women with primary or secondary syphilis, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2 infection, or noninfectious abrasions had a biopsy sample taken from the lesion and contralateral vulva. HIV-1 coreceptor expression on CD3(+) and CD14(+) cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to assess levels of coreceptor mRNA expression. Women with primary or secondary syphilis or with HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection had significantly increased numbers of CD14(+) cells expressing CCR5 within the genital ulcer. This increase was also noted in the nonulcerated tissue isolated from women with syphilis and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with secondary syphilis. CCR5 mRNA expression was increased in tissue obtained from syphilis lesions. Monocytes recruited to genital ulcer disease (GUD) sites express increased levels of CCR5. This increased expression could account, at least in part, for enhanced HIV-1 transmission in the setting of GUD.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton spent nearly an hour leafing through some of her emails on display at an art exhibit in Italy. In photos surfacing online, the former Democratic presidential nominee could be seen looking through stacks of some of her past emails, which came under scrutiny during the presidential campaign in 2016. More than 60,000 pages of emails were printed out and assembled in large stacks on a mock presidential resolute desk for the exhibit, which was held at the Venetian Teatro Italia in Venice. The exhibit, titled "HILLARY: The Hillary Clinton Emails," was created by artist Kenneth Goldsmith. Francesco Urbano Ragazzi, who curated the show, said in a statement that Clinton visited the former movie theater for the exhibit Tuesday. Urbano Ragazzi said that Clinton sat down the exact replica of the resolute desk in the Oval Office, where she spent roughly an hour looking through her emails. Clinton told local media that exhibition "is further proof that nothing wrong or controversial can be found on these emails," HuffPost reported. "It makes them accessible to everyone and allows everyone to read them," she reportedly said, while adding: "They are just a bunch of boring emails." She tweeted about the exhibit on Thursday, joking: "Someone alert the House GOP." Urbano Ragazzi told The Hill in a statement that "in the digital age, making these documents available to everyone in a touchable format is a way to focus on something concrete in order to exit the impalpable toxicity of ideological narratives." "The exhibition is a way to allude to an alternative world that will never exist. We are happy that the real Hillary Clinton has been part of this image full of possibilities," the curatorial team continued. "Visiting HILLARY by Kenneth Goldsmith, she has not only been in front of her emails. The exhibition is indeed the portrait of a powerful woman, but also the portrait of a historical change in our understanding of notions such as transparency, propaganda, public and private space." Goldsmith told HuffPost on Wednesday that he hoped "she would see it as an act of tribute and love" and added that he believes she has. -Updated Sept. 12 at 9:40 a.m.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Beloved former New York Knick Charles Oakley was arrested after an incident during Wednesday night's Knicks game against the L.A. Clippers. According to the Daily News, "Oakley was said to be yelling at James Dolan and was warned to stop, according to a source. He continued and was then asked to leave." An NYPD spokesman told Gothamist that Oakley assaulted three security guards in the process. How much does it suck to be the MSG security guard who's gotta try to eject Charles Oakley? Took like 10 of em pic.twitter.com/81UtmNpHbc — KFC (@KFCBarstool) February 9, 2017 Soooooo Charles Oakley just got into a fight at he Knicks game. pic.twitter.com/klZBD89VI7 — Ian Schafer (@ischafer) February 9, 2017 The incident occurred at 8:30 p.m. during the first quarter at Madison Square Garden. ESPN reports, "Oakley, 53, appeared to shove security guards before they pulled him away from his seat behind the baseline. Fans chanted 'Oakley! Oakley!' in support of the popular power forward." And from the Post: Oakley "appeared to get in a fight with a security guard. He pushed the guard and slapped his hand down, according to The Post’s Fred Kerber. Footage shows Oakley, 53, yelling at security officials as a group of them pulled him by his jacket sleeves and out of the arena. As he was dragged out, Oakley was shouting, 'I didn’t do anything!'" The Knicks' PR department Tweeted a statement, "Charles Oakley came to the game tonight and behaved in a highly inappropriate and completely abusive manner. He has been ejected and is currently being arrested by the New York City Police Department. He was a great Knick and we hope he gets some help soon." SBNY Exclusive: Charles Oakley on the ground surrounded by police and Garden security pic.twitter.com/cemhHF4Lu0 — SportsBlogNewYork (@SportBlogNYC) February 9, 2017 An NYPD spokesman said that officers responded to a call about a 54-year-old male causing a disturbance. Oakley was apparently asked to leave, but he punched three male security guards while he was being removed. The guards suffered minor injuries and Oakley is currently in custody at the Midtown South Precinct and charges are pending. A source told the NY Times that it "appeared that Oakley would be charged with third-degree assault, a misdemeanor, and that he likely would be issued a desk appearance ticket, which meant he would probably be released pending a court date." Charles Oakley got cuffed. He's telling "I didn't do nothing! Dolan did this...This is bullshit*t." Phil Jackson came out to try to calm him — Mike Vorkunov (@Mike_Vorkunov) February 9, 2017 Phil just got back to his seat from trying to calm down Oak & he look like he just wrestled the bear from TheRevenant pic.twitter.com/U151mXHFUY — Rob Perez (@World_Wide_Wob) February 9, 2017 The Times added that Oakley had previously noted his difficult relationship with Dolan: He has, at different times, criticized the team’s front office, coaches and resident stars. In 2010, he advised [LeBron] James to avoid signing with the Knicks in free agency, which hardly endeared him to the organization. He has also called James L. Dolan, the owner, a bunch of bad names. Former teammates have encouraged Oakley to be more polite in his dealings with the team, but without much success. “The boss don’t like me,” Oakley said last week. “I wouldn’t mind having a sit-down dinner with Dolan. I wouldn’t mind cooking him dinner.” Pause. “Might put something in it, though!” Pause. “I mean, I had at least 15 people try to set up a meeting. He won’t meet. I want to sit down to talk to him. I want me and him in a room. And lock the door. Lock that door!” Another pause. “I mean, he can have the police outside the door.” Last year, in an interview with the Daily News, Oakley called Dolan a "bad guy" and a "motherf---er": "Oakley said Knicks fans are the ones hurting these days, because Dolan’s product stinks and fans are 'paying their money to watch' terrible basketball."	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Friday, November 13, 2009 Galileoscope Arrived! My two Galileoscopes finally arrived today. It took me about 20 minutes to put the first one together (I kept dropping the tiny eye piece lenses.) I'll try the other one in the old Galileo style setup later. I've read negative feedback about adding the 2X barlow so I'll hold off on that until I try it the way it is. It's cloudy here tonight so I will anxiously await clear sky. Too bad they didn't show last week so I could have brought them up north with me...way less light pollution. I couldn't resist adding a JREF sticker on one side (above) and an SGU sticker on the other side (below). Click the pics to embiggen. About Me Visitors to my great blog: JREF Disclaimer and Copyright Mully410 is not responsible for any outside content linked to from this blog. All opinions of Mully410 are the sole responsibily of Mully410 and are only guaranteed to be at least somewhat researched and are probably true to the best of Mully410's knowledge.	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Howard Galganov What can Anyone Say about State Governments, in the Case of Canada, where the Entire Government Pushes for a Stoned-Out Populace – Intoxicated on Marijuana? That Asked . . . What can also be Said about a Dishonest Media with Selective Inquiry, where Journalism has been Transformed from Honest Disclosures into Entertainment, With Long Legged Pundits Wearing Short Skirts & Fake Eyelashes? THE LEFT HAS TURNED “OUR” WORLD UPSIDE DOWN . . . Where Gender is Based on how you feel each Morning when you Wake-Up, and MEN can become Beauty-Queen Contestants . . . In What Once Were Mainstream Pageants. How Is It . . . that Illegals, as in Illegal Aliens - somehow become “Undocumented” Victims & People who want to Protect the Integrity of their Country become Racists & Bigots? How Have We Morphed . . . from a Society of Clear Law & Order – to become a Society of Selective Law & Order? What Do You Say . . . when the Working Blue Collar Police & Border Patrol are Vilified for Doing their Job, while the FBI & NSA Run Roughshod over the Rights & Privacy of the People, and Refuse to Answer to their Superiors in the House and the Senate? What Kind Of FREEDOM Law & Order Society Spies On Its Own Citizens? And how do we Square the Circle of the FBI Breaking-Down the Doors of a Household, where there is no Threat to Anyone, in the Wee Hours of the Morning, of a Non Violent Suspect, when a Civilized Knock on the Door at a Reasonable Hour would Equally Suffice? And What About Congress . . . ? What about the Men & Women of the Government who Lie & Obfuscate to get Elected, and once Elected, Serve their Party and their Sugar Daddies (Lobbyists) Opposed to the People? CALL IT WHATEVER YOU WANT – A PUTSCH . . . A COUP – TREASON: And For The Big One . . . What can we Say about a Government & Media - in what we Believe to be a Free & Democratic Society, which Invests All of its Time, Effort & Money to Bring Down a Duly Elected President, whose Only Obvious Goal is to Make His Country (The Country Of The People) Great Again? WE ARE VICTIMS OF GRADUALISM . . . I’m Not A Conspiracy Theorist . . . Period - Full Stop, But I'm Also Not An Idiot! I Write This BLOG, because we have Entered into the Realm of Orwell’s 1984, where Big Brother has for Generations Slowly Taken Away our Rights in the Pretense of Protecting our Rights, much like the Frog Placed in a Pot of Cool Water, which Doesn’t React to the Heat Slowly, yet Steadily Rising to a Boil . . . Before It’s Too Late. IS IT TOO LATE FOR US . . . AND ARE WE AT THE BOILING POINT? Everything You Just Read In The Preceding Is 100% Accurate, True & Even Understated, and it’s just the Tip Of The Iceberg, as Congress, the FBI, the Justice Department, and the Media Do All They Can to Battle the Legitimate President of the United States, and the People of America, as the World is Closing in on America from every Direction. China is the Enemy of America. Russia is the Enemy of America. Islamism is the Enemy of America. Socialism is the Enemy of America. And the International LEFTIST Conspiracy of A One World Government is the Enemy of America. If “Trump” Goes Down . . . America Goes Down . . . We All Go Down! As Hard As It Is To Imagine . . . Let Alone To Believe – And in spite of all the Pretty Trappings many of us Enjoy, we are all Living on the Cusp of Dystopia, the Absolute Breakdown of Government & Civility - BECAUSE . . . we have Chosen to Believe the BEST IN THE WORST PEOPLE. And Because We Have Been Educated Not To Learn . . . Nor To Question. Our Governments Have Brought Us To Financial Armageddon – through Unsustainable Debt . . . Our Politicians have Allowed our “System” to become Overloaded as they Create Retirement Bureaucratic Safe Havens for Themselves. And The Makers can No Longer Bear the Demands of the Takers . . . And Our Entire Values-System Is In Absolute Rot. The Impending Remedy Will Not Be By Choice. Nor Will It Be One We Should Welcome, But It Is Coming. YOUR COMMENTS: Well-said, Howard. RE: Gender: when is it sensible for a man to declare himself a woman, then beat the crap out of women in their various sports (e.g., wrestling and track). What about government officials (FBI, DOJ, etc.) refusing to cooperate with their respective congressional oversight committees? President Trump needs to get rid of deep-state members who are attempting to bring him down along with our republic. When that starts, Civil War II begins. And it will be a bloody war. It is becoming clear that there is only one way to solve this, and it will not be pretty. If the Left does manage to remove our rightfully elected President, it will happen. Then you will see the American Silent Majority use our second amendment rights, to clean up our corrupt government, and protect our Constitution. Posted On: 12/17/2018 12:30:56 PMRick Bodoh, Fond du Lac, WI As usual you hit what is going on 100%. I just don't understand WHY us conservatives don't have plans like the liberals appear to follow. Seems that we just sit aside and piss and moan as things are going south. As in Animal Farm we are all equal..... some more than others. Posted On: 12/17/2018 12:42:17 PMRoger Valligny, Spring Hill, Florida I believe that the cold Civil War we are now in, that began Nov 9th 2016, will become much worse before it gets better. Echo Roger Valligny. We are trapped by a two party system, neither of which cares for anything except gaining or retaining their positions of power. Anyone outside the two parties are totally incapable of being elected to a national office. We all know what the problem is but do not know how to solve it. I the FINAL ANALYSIS, it all boils down to money. We've been "Dumbed Down" by education, drugs and/or alcohol, plus MSM to the point that many today live in "Lala Land" ("Progressive Utopia" where everybody is "equal" and "entitled" to "pursuit of happiness"- whatever that is)! Millions want to "take America down" by "taking" whatever they can from conservatives and "patriots"! (What's going on in Africa can happen here!) Where's the "Hope" or "Changes" towards better future for USA? No wonder people suffer from depression and commit suicide! Posted On: 12/17/2018 1:54:01 PMMollie Hejl, Austin TX Somehow, when congress and senate’s little nests start coming apart maybe something will happen. The only way I can see it happening is with the convention of the states. We need to revise and take back so much. My hopes are dwindling though. Vickie McCoy. I posted this on Chuck’s email because I am not receiving in my email any more. Posted On: 12/17/2018 3:18:04 PMWilliam And Vickie McCoy, Leander, TX As hard as it is to 'hear' what you say, I still know it is truth.Those of us in our 70s on have seen/been aware of these symptoms for some time (40+ years likely) but as it was gradual, we always figured it was temporary. With Obama's 'changes' to USA's detriment & then the left's reaction to Trump's election, it became starkly obvious. Now w/Dems taking House in Jan, it will be uglier. I fear the only reset will be all-out war. BUT no doubt the UN, Russia or China would step in. Posted On: 12/17/2018 3:38:48 PMPatricia Robinson, Waynesboro, VA Howard, once again you hit the proverbial nail(s) smack dab on their flat heads. I truly believe the real problem stems from the LACK of education in our public schools. When that has been watered down and our country's own history is not taught properly any longer, the populace has been purposefully "dumbed" down. That leaves all vulnerable to a government which is slowly destroying all that our founding father's held dear and which most of us born before well 1960 also hold dear. Great editorial Howard...BIG BROTHER is right.They will come for the guns soon!!I did listen to your radio show with Joyce Kaufman on YouTube you'll have to do it again as you both feed of each other making it great.Thanks.Trudope signed the UN Global Compact for Migration, now Merkel said it is binding (sign it first before you can see what is in it) sound familiar!!I think your brother-in-law has the right idea move to the US.Texas is being taken over by the Californian's wanting a better life This has been going around for a while, calling an Illegal Alien an "undocumented migrant is like calling a Drug Dealer an Undocumented Pharmacist." I am so sick of every Lefty having to say everything with "Political Correctness" and being offended at anyone they disagree with is a "Racist,, or Homophob or what have you. Another thing, when they come for our guns, they better bring a lot of body bags. Posted On: 12/17/2018 4:38:28 PMDon Lewis, Spirit Lake ID USA Very good post HG. I'm sure you have heard the latest here in Canada about Omar Khadr and how he wishes a passport so he can visit his terrorist sister in Saudi Arabia. Who didn't see that coming??? After killing an American soldier and our weak government giving him $10.5 mil for his detention in Gitmo, he is not satisfied walking amongst us. We will learn next week if the courts rule in his favor. With this leftist government, I'm sure he will be granted his wish. Heaven help us....... Posted On: 12/17/2018 6:51:59 PMArlene Burch, Haliburton, On We can see the handwriting on the wall....We live in terrible times but MUST stand up for what is right. Howard, YOU are SO right about what you are saying here. We cannot give up but teach as many as we can the truth about what is happening. G-d bless your witness and let us pray that more will awaken from their deep slumber. Posted On: 12/17/2018 10:15:19 PMHope Wozniak, Cleves, OH Way back in 1959, my Mom read a book entitled "Ship of Fools". Apparently it was a #1 National Best Seller at the time. Today, I was thinking about what if Howard Galganov somehow wanted to become the leader of Canada? Imagine, Prime Minister Galganov !!! I kinda like the idea. But then I thought about what Leonard Cohen once said: "They locked up a man because he wanted to rule the world. The fools - they locked up the wrong man." !!! Love your comments & observations, Howard. - Brucester Posted On: 12/18/2018 12:46:46 AMBruce Sutton, Montreal, Quebec When people elect people like cortez, we know that they are totally brainwashed. Also when they keep re-electing demonrats like schumer and pelosi, what does that tell you about how low society as sunked. Same thing in Canada. I am afraid that the only way to fix this will be a major revolt and civil war in both countries. We must retake our houses or parliament and throw all politicians and top bureaucrats in jail and start from scratch. This country was founded to get away from a Government like you have described. Then many years later, Democrats caused to go to war against each other over Slavery, killings 100s of thousands. This was a war of brother against brother. Democrats have become farther Left in thinking and pushing their ideal, one world order of a Socialist leadership. We are at the edge of another War here. When that happens the Enemies from outside will take us over. Greetings: I am a registered Republican; been one since Reagan. I don’t see the doom and gloom everyone here is echoing. Granted, the Democrats taking back the House represents the usual backlash mid term angst. I love Trump. Unfortunately he’s experienced a belligerent opposition, but let’s also realize he’s facing a belligerent Republican Party as well! THIS is unprecedented! He’s tough. He’s a fighter. Let’s hope he doesn’t back down and continues to Make America Great Again! BUILD THE WALL! Donald Trump is a tough New Yorker but he is still human. The relentless pounding he is taking must have an effect on him. He certainly is a true American doing a thankless job. The question is will he run for a second term or just turn it over to Pence and go back to living a life he enjoyed and saw great success? VERY WELL SAID...If Trump Goes Down, America Goes Down, We All Go Down! I agree with Mollie H. above that America has been Dumbed Down by education, drugs and/or alcohol! The LEFT is RUINING our Country! The SWAMP MUST BE DRAINED IMMEDIATELY! People are LITERALLY going CRAZY and YET, more DRUGS are added to our system! People FEAR facing REALITY & the TRUTH! They prefer to live in LA-LA LAND where there are NO RESPONSIBILITIES to be MET! PRAY FOR PRES. TRUMP and THE BUILDING of the WALL! AMEN!	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Keep Calm and Ride On Halloween T-Shirt Quick Overview Did we mention that this fashionable item could also make the perfect gift for someone you know? Slipping this one on could be the perfect way for yourself or someone else to say Happy Halloween to all of those around! Details We know that this slogan looks like something that should be printed on a t-shirt that is catered to motorcycle enthusiasts. After thinking about it for a few minutes, we figured out that there is a second demographic out there that loves to ride. You know who it is? Witches! That's who! With an shrieking cackle and an evil chill in the wind, a witch will hop on her broom and ride in the sky, looking for someone to cast an evil spell on! Heck, even if it never happens, it still makes for one heck of an impressive t-shirt, doesn't it? This ladies slim fit tee is available in sizes small through 2XL, and comes on our signature black ringspun cotton. This funny Halloween t-shirt is screen printed right here in our Rochester, New York headquarters by our team of experienced master screen printers. Want to show off your love of witches? Try this beautiful new shirt out for size!	{ "pile_set_name": "Pile-CC" }
Here's one advantage to armadillos' steady northward march across the Southeast United States: They're awfully handy to have as bait if, say, you're a wildlife biologist looking to trap an alligator that has inexplicably settled into your local pond in north Georgia. That's what happened last month near Atlanta: A biologist with Georgia's Department of Natural Resources, on the way to trap an alligator scaring residents, stopped en route to pick up some fresh road kill. Now it's true that the armadillo was more of a random choice. "Our biologist just happened to see it on the side of the road," said agency spokeswoman Robin Hill. "It could've been a squirrel." And it's also true the southern fare failed to tempt the alligator. "No," said Hill, "there was so much attention on that pond that the alligator just got spooked, and we haven't seen him since." But there's no question armadillos - and other small mammals - are on the move in the United States, expanding into terrain biologists thought highly unlikely just a few years ago. Some of that migration can be attributed to opportunity: The armadillo in particular has been moving northward since it arrived in Texas in the 1880s and Florida in the 1920s, according to Colleen McDonough, a biology professor at Valdosta State University in Georgia. Some, however, is clearly triggered by a changing climate. Armadillos have settled into southern Illinois, Indiana, Kansas and Missouri - all areas that were "totally unexpected," McDonough said. They're not the only ones. White-footed mice and southern flying squirrels have expanded their range northward some 140 miles in Michigan, according to University of Michigan biology professor Philip Myers, who described the migration in a recent paper as "an unusually clear example of change that is likely to be the result of climatic warming." "As with any range extension, it's a complicated situation having to do with people, migration corridors and so forth," Myers said in an interview. Like coyotes, armadillos are opportunistic creatures, unquestionably moving north for reasons unrelated to climate change, cautioned McDonough. That explains their spread into northern Georgia, South Carolina, Oklahoma and other southern states. But biologists never thought the winters of North Carolina, Indiana, or Missouri were mild enough to support an armadillo population; seeing the animal establish itself in those reasons is thought to be a sign of climate change, though a harsh winter or two could knock them back. "That northern border is going to fluctuate," McDonough said. The consequences of such changes are unclear. Armadillos are a welcome help to residents dealing with fire ants, a big concern in the South, McDonough said. But they're also a nest predator and could put added pressure on local quail populations already trying to defend against possums, raccoons and snakes. Myers' research in Michigan, meanwhile, suggests southern species are replacing northern ones, rather than simply slotting into the local fauna. "To predict the impact of adding a chipmunk or subtracting a mouse, you have to know a lot more about the natural history of the communities than we do," Myers said. What is certain, Myers added, is that the most common animals in many ecosystems are changing. These creatures play key roles: They disperse seeds, dig burrows that provide habitat for others, prey on insects, serve as reservoirs for hantavirus and other diseases. "Potentially there are huge changes that could be a consequence of messing around with the species present," Myers said. "Basically all we can do is ... sit back and measure the change as it happens, whether we like it or not." This article originally appeared at The Daily Climate, the climate change news source published by Environmental Health Sciences, a nonprofit media company.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
1-but i have submit a picteur and i don't find it in google search is that any way to find it google search!!! 2-i want to tell you something try to write any name of your pictuer in google and you will find it easly added by you on deviantart	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
I don't want to have any girl children I'm afraid they will turn into a secret whore and have sex with guys for drugs and booze like I did 402 shares	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Galaxy Fold Samsungs Falt-Smartphone soll im September kommen Erste Testgeräte des Galaxy Fold waren mangelhaft, Samsung musste den Verkaufsstart verschieben. Im September nun soll eine verbesserte Version des 2000-Euro-Smartphones "in ausgewählten Märkten" in den Handel kommen.	{ "pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2" }
Q: Create list of variable type I am trying to create a list of a certain type. I want to use the List notation but all I know is a "System.Type" The type a have is variable. How can I create a list of a variable type? I want something similar to this code. public IList createListOfMyType(Type myType) { return new List<myType>(); } A: Something like this should work. public IList createList(Type myType) { Type genericListType = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(myType); return (IList)Activator.CreateInstance(genericListType); } A: You could use Reflections, here is a sample: Type mytype = typeof (int); Type listGenericType = typeof (List<>); Type list = listGenericType.MakeGenericType(mytype); ConstructorInfo ci = list.GetConstructor(new Type[] {}); List<int> listInt = (List<int>)ci.Invoke(new object[] {});	{ "pile_set_name": "StackExchange" }
Comparison of hip fracture risk prediction by femoral aBMD to experimentally measured factor of risk. Areal BMD (aBMD) derived from DXA is currently the gold standard for diagnosis of osteoporosis. A biomechanical approach to fracture risk assessment comparing the ratio of applied load to bone strength, termed the factor of risk (Phi), may be useful to better identify patients at risk for fracture. We obtained 73 human cadaveric femurs (48 women and 25 men, aged 74.2+/-8.7 years, range 55-98 years), measured femoral neck (FN) aBMD by DXA, and mechanically tested the femurs to failure in a sideways fall configuration. The force applied to the hip during a sideways fall was estimated from height and weight, and accounted for trochanteric soft tissue thickness. Compared to men, women had significantly lower FN aBMD and femoral strength, and tended to have higher factor of risk for hip fracture Phi. Fifty-three of 54 (98%) specimens that had a FN aBMD T-score below -2.5 also had a Phi>1. However, 10/19 (53%) specimens with FN aBMD T-score above -2.5 also had Phi>1. These data indicate that whereas an aBMD-based diagnosis of osteoporosis is highly associated with fracture risk as assessed by the factor of risk, about 50% of individuals not designated as osteoporotic by aBMD testing would be at high risk for hip fracture should they experience a sideways fall. These findings strongly support the investigation of new biomechanically-based methods of fracture risk prediction.	{ "pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts" }
Richard the Qaid Richard the Qaid () was a senior official (qāʾid, commander) of the royal council (curia regis or diwan) in the court of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily at Palermo during the latter years of the reign of William I of Sicily and during the regency of his wife, Margaret of Navarre, for their son William II. He was already the Great Chamberlain, or magister camerarius, when William I died in 1166. Origin Richard was a Muslim convert to Christianity, and likely a eunuch. He possibly appears in the records of the royal council in January 1161, but he rose to prominence in the political affairs of the day only in 1166. Career during the regency for William II Appointment as master chamberlain and familiaris regis In that year, King William I died on 17 May, leaving his underage son William II on the throne, under the regency of the Queen-mother, and advised by a council of three familiares regis under the leadership of Peter the Qaid. Although in effective control of the government, Peter was unable to counter the court intrigues, led by a faction around the Queen-regent's cousin, Gilbert, Count of Gravina, which paralysed the Kingdom. As a result, in the summer of the same year, Peter fled to Tunis. Richard succeeded him as master chamberlain of the palace (magister camerarius regii palatii), and became a member of the council of the familiares regis, now expanded to five members (alongside Richard, these were Richard, Count of Molise, the Bishop-elect of Syracuse Richard Palmer, the notary Matthew, and Martin the Qaid). Opposition to Stephen du Perche In October or November 1166, Stephen du Perche was appointed chancellor and Archbishop of Palermo, becoming the head of government. During Stephen's rule, Richard remained a familiaris at least for some while in 1167, and he is recorded as one of the heads of the duana baronum in March 1168. This was a new department, charged with the administration of the Norman kingdom's provinces in the Italian mainland, except Calabria. Richard soon emerged as a leading opponent of the chancellor. The latter's efforts to combat corruption in the Sicilian administration soon led to an attack against Muslims or suspected crypto-Muslims, and a clash with the palace eunuchs, whose chief Richard was. Richard began plotting against the chancellor, gaining the support of Abu'l-Qasim ibn Hammud ibn al-Hajar—according to the contemporary traveller Ibn Jubayr, the hereditary leader of the Sicilian Muslims—and turning the initially supportive Muslim community of the island against Stephen. In autumn, he began marshalling his forces for a coup: these included, beside his own household troops, the royal knights (milites regis) and the court archers (curie sagitari), whose backing he had won through gifts and favours. However, the chancellor moved the king and the court to Messina, where he was able to neutralize his Norman opponents, the queen regent's brother, Henry, Count of Montescaglioso, and Richard of Molise. According to the history of Hugo Falcandus, when Stephen returned with the king and court to Palermo on 20 March 1168, Richard and other courtiers plotted to have him assassinated on Palm Sunday, four days later. The conspiracy was discovered, and Richard's co-conspirators were arrested; Richard himself was protected from arrest by the Queen, but was confined to the palace and forbidden from speaking to the knights. This marked the high point of Stephen's power, but events soon began to turn against him, as a popular revolt broke out in Messina and spread across the island. Even in Palermo, there were clashes between Richard's supporters and Stephen's men, forcing the chancellor and his supporters to flee to the cathedral's bell tower. Richard and Matthew of Salerno now resumed their previous positions, and mobilized the mob to surround the bell tower. Stephen accepted the terms now offered, leaving Sicily with his supporters. Richard was re-appointed to the now ten-member council after Stephen's flight in spring 1168 and until September 1169, when Walter Ophamil took the reins of government. The poet Ibn Qalaqis, who visited Sicily during that time, dedicated a qaṣīda to "Richard the vizier". The poem praises Richard's qualities and high station, but does not provide many details about him. Later years After that, he concentrated on his duties as master chamberlain, remaining in the position at least until 1183. Two other Qaids, the aforementioned Martin who for a time was a familiaris regis, and Materacius, served as his subordinate chamberlains. Richard also held a position as one of the directors of the dīwān al-taḥqīq (the "bureau of verification", the executive department of the government, rendered as duana de secretis in Latin) until March 1187, which is the last time he is attested in the sources. In this capacity he was sent in December 1170 to investigate illegal appropriation of royal property in Messina, and is again attested as ordering investigations for similar offences in January 1183. In 1186, Richard bought an estate near Patti from the Bishop of Lipari. In the deed, he is named as a chamberlain and master of the duana de secretis. Richard was to renovate the dilapidated property and enjoy its proceeds until his death, when it would revert to the Church. A similar arrangement was made a year later with the archbishop of Palermo in the capital itself. References Sources Category:Year of birth unknown Category:Year of death unknown Category:12th-century Italian people Category:Kingdom of Sicily people Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Islam Category:Chamberlains Category:Eunuchs Category:Sicilian Arabs	{ "pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)" }

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