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The present invention relates generally to an air cleaner resonator mounting system and cover.
An air cleaner purifies and directs air into an internal combustion engine. Noise is produced by the engine which travels back through the induction system. A resonator, such as a Helmholtz resonator, is commonly employed to reduce noise. As noise passes the tuning tube positioned in the resonator and an opposition noise wave is produced, the noise generated is reduced. The resonator and the tuning tube cooperate to resonate with and absorb acoustical noise at a predetermined frequency, thereby eliminating or diminishing these noises. In prior air cleaner assemblies, the resonator is commonly located outside the air cleaner box.
A cover is positioned over the air cleaner box to protect the interior contents of the box. Currently, metal or plastic fasteners such as spring clips, bolts or screws are employed to secure the cover to the air cleaner box. A hinge mechanism is often employed in connection with the fasteners.
There are several drawbacks to utilizing the air cleaner of the prior art. For one, as the resonator is located on the exterior of the air cleaner, additional space is occupied and exterior tubing is needed. An additional bracket or fastener is also needed to secure the resonator to the air cleaner. Additionally, the fasteners employed in the prior art to secure the cover to the box produce excess loads on the cover and the lower shell, which can result in leakage or over-design. Finally, the prior art fasteners are bulky, also occupying additional space.
Hence, there is a need in the art for an air cleaner resonator mounting system and cover.
The present invention relates generally to an air cleaner resonator mounting system and cover.
A slide retention structure is molded into an air cleaner box of an air cleaner. A recess molded into a resonator volume is engaged by the slide retention structure. The resonator volume slides along the slide retention structure and into an assembled position.
In the assembled position, a tuning tube is inserted into an aperture located on the lower surface of the volume. A flexible seal positioned around the aperture acoustically seals the resonator volume to the tuning tube.
In a second feature of the present invention, an air cleaner cover is secured to the air cleaner box by a lock plate. When the cover is placed on the box, a plurality of hooks on the box are positioned in a plurality of holes on the cover. The lock plate is then placed on the cover over the hooks and slid so that a plurality of wedges on the lock plate are forced under the hooks, securing the cover to the box. A side opening located proximate to the wedges allow the lock plate slide so that the hooks do not hinder the movement of the lock plate. Once locked, an end clip secures the lock plate.
Accordingly, the present invention provides an air cleaner resonator mounting system and cover.
These and other features of the present invention will be best understood from the following specification and drawings.
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今、私たち日本人は戦後最長の好景気の中で我が世の春を謳歌しているのだと政府が発表し、NHKが全力で報道しています。詳細は以下から。
◆ついに「戦後最長の景気回復」を達成
NHKが1月29日に報じたところによると、政府は1月の月例経済報告で「景気は緩やかに回復している」という判断を維持。これによって今の景気回復の期間が6年2ヶ月に達することとなり、戦後最長となった可能性があるとのこと。
月例経済報告では個人消費を「持ち直している」とし、企業の設備投資も「増加している」という見方を据え置いた上で景気全体について「緩やかに回復している」というこれまでの判断を維持しました。
これを受けて茂木経済再生相は閣僚会議後の記者会見で「今回の景気回復期間は今月で6年2か月となり、戦後最長になったとみられる」と発言しています。今から6年2ヶ月前といえば、もちろん第2次安倍政権が発足し、力強くアベノミクスか始動した時であることは言うまでもありません。
ただし最終的な景気の回復や後退の時期は、内閣府の有識者による研究会が十分な統計データがそろった段階で正式判定するとのこと。
◆「戦後最長の景気回復」の要因と中身はどんなもの？
麻生財務相は戦後最長の景気回復が続いている要因を「アメリカが、経済戦争の相手を中国であって日本ではないという方向に切り替えたこと。そして国内的に言えば、いわゆるデフレ対策をこの5、6年やらせてもらったこと。この両方が景気回復が74か月続いている背景だと思う」と分析。
また茂木経済再生相は景気回復の実感がないという指摘に対して「いざなぎ景気の頃は東京オリンピックから大阪万博にかけての高度成長期であり、バブル景気の頃は株価や地価が大きく上がり、人口も増えている時代だった。現在は人口が減少する中でも雇用者数がバブル期並みに増加し、景況感の地域間格差も小さくなっており、今回の景気回復の優れた特徴ではないかと考えている」と述べています。
麻生財務相の語る「デフレ対策」がまさにアベノミクスそのものを指していることは言うまでもありませんが、そのアベノミクスの重要指標である「賃金伸び率」が厚労省の「毎月勤労統計調査」で2018年1月から水増しされていたことはBUZZAP!でも繰り返しお伝えしたとおり。
さらに「人口が減少する中でも雇用者数がバブル期並みに増加」という部分は、少子高齢化で労働人口が急激に減少することによって深刻な人手不足が起こり、有効求人倍率がバブル期を超える勢いで増えたということ。こちらは2017年時点で好景気だからではないと全方位からツッコミを受けています。
総務省の資料によると、15～64歳の生産年齢人口が2013年10月時点で7,901万人と32年ぶりに8,000万人を下回っており、今後も減少傾向が続くことが予測されています。
つまり、前者は今国会で徹底的に検証されなくてはならない統計不正ど真ん中のデータに基づくものであり、後者は少子高齢化による人手不足の結果でしかありません。実際にGDPや世帯収入の面でも非常に厳しい数字が出ています。
◆GDPは年率2.5%減に下方修正、世帯収入の中央値も22年前のピークの3/4に
内閣府が2018年12月10日発表した7～9月期の国内総生産（GDP）の改定値は、物価変動を除いた実質で前期比0.6%減、年率換算では2.5%減となっており、速報値（前期比0.3%減、年率1.2%減）から大きく下方修正となりました。
この下方修正の際に麻生財務相は「景気が悪くなってきているという感じではない」と好景気が継続しているという認識を示していました。
ですがバブル崩壊後の1995年には世帯収入の中央値はピークの550万円を記録していたところ、それから22年間で122万円減少しています。これは22％超の減少ということで、およそ3/4になったということ。
中央値は21世紀になって500万円を割り込み、リーマン・ショックの2008年には427万円まで低下。その後民主党政権になって東日本大震災があったものの2012年までは432万円で維持していました。
しかし安倍政権が2012年12月に誕生し、2013年の中央値は415万円へと落ち込みます。2014年は427万円、2015年は428万円と微増しますが、3年経っても東日本大震災後の民主党政権最後の年のラインに戻すこともできていません。
これを裏付けるように、経済協力開発機構（OECD）は物価の影響を除いた各国通貨ベースでの実質賃金が、G7うち日本だけが2000年よりも低い水準に留まっていることを指摘しています。
◆政府の言う「好景気」は誰にとってのもの？
ではいったい、この景気回復を謳歌しているのは誰なのでしょうか？日経新聞は2018年1月の記事で「大企業の賃上げ率は4年連続で2％を超える」とし、「上場企業は18年3月期に2年連続の過去最高益を見込む」事を報じています。
そして財務省が9月3日発表した2017年度の法人企業統計によると、企業の蓄えた「内部留保」に相当する利益剰余金が、金融・保険業を除く全産業で前年度比9.9％増の446兆4844億円となって過去最高を更新しました。
内部留保が過去最高となるのは第2次安倍政権が発足した2012年度以降6年連続。製造業は9.1％増の153兆3205億円、非製造業は10.4％増の293兆1639億円で、ともに1割近く拡大しました。
そう、この内部保留の過去最高額連続更新が「戦後最長の景気回復」が始まるのと軌を一にしていることが明確に分かります。
そして、同時に企業の稼ぎを人件費に回した割合を示す「労働分配率」は2016年度の67.5％から2017年度は66.2％に下落。この割合はバブル期にも及ばず、43年ぶりの低さとなりました。
結局のところアベノミクスの6年間では、企業は大儲けしながら焼け太り、トリクルダウンは発生せずに国民の8割以上が不景気の中で苦しみ続けるという構図が強化され続けてきたことになります。
このまま口を開けて待っていたとして、果たして私たちの口にアベノミクスの果実は転がり込んでくることはあるのでしょうか？
・関連記事
「いざなぎ超え」好景気のはずが、実は世帯収入の中央値が22年前のピークから122万円減という惨状でした | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
厚労省「貧困層がさらに困窮してるから生活保護もそれに併せて減額するわ」、いざなぎ越えの好景気はどこに？ | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
アベノミクス最重要統計の「賃金伸び率」水増し捏造が「統計委員会」に指摘されてしまう | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
麻生財務相「経済成長感じない人はよほど運がない」→8割が景気回復を感じていませんでした | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
どこが景気回復？G7で日本だけが2000年よりも賃下げという事実 | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
目標達成が困難なら基準を変えればいいじゃない！逆転の発想でGDPが31兆円も爆増 | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
企業の内部留保が446兆で過去最高→労働分配率は43年ぶりの低水準 | BUZZAP！（バザップ！）
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Kondor (automobile)
The Kondor was a German automobile manufactured from 1902 until 1904. The 5 hp two-seater was the product of a bicycle works.
References
Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Germany
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Valorant Deux équipes de cinq joueurs s'affrontent ; chacun joue le rôle d'un « agent » aux compétences uniques et utilise un système économique pour acheter des utilitaires et des armes...
DayZ Survivrez-vous longtemps dans ce monde post-apocalyptique ? Un monde envahi de "zombies", où il faudra partager de maigres ressources avec les autres survivants. Vous allierez-vous à des inconnus pour faire front ? Survivrez-vous en solo pour éviter les trahisons ? DayZ, c'est votre histoire.
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Star Trek: Sonequa Martin-Green Reveals How Her Character From The Film Inspired Her In Personal Life
Sonequa became the first African-American woman to lead the of the "Star Trek" franchise in the role of Michael Burnham.
Sonequa Martin-Green is the first woman of colour to lead a “Star Trek” show, and the actress says the experience has inspired her as an actor, as a woman, as an artist, as a wife, as a mother and as a friend.
“All the pleasure and all the responsibility. I still am floored by the fact that I am in this position right now, especially in this day and age,” Martin-Green told IANS when asked about the responsibility that comes with the role.
Star Trek: Sonequa Martin-Green Reveals How Her Character From The Film Inspired Her In Personal Life
“I couldn’t be more grateful. I feel so empowered. But I also feel so humbled. I feel this tremendous amount of responsibility. There is a great sense of duty to not just give the story justice, but also to reflect the truth. If I’m going to tell the story and if I’m going to tell the story with my all will, then my life should reflect it,” she added.
After featuring in projects such as “Toe to Toe”, “The Good Wife” and “Once Upon a Time”, Martin-Green found acclaim through her role as Sasha on “The Walking Dead”. Her life turned around dramatically in 2017 when she became the first African-American woman to lead the of the “Star Trek” franchise in the role of Michael Burnham.
The 35-year-old says the experience has been “personally maturing”.
“I certainly had a moral standard before but this has been very inspiring for me as an actor, as a woman, as an artist, as a wife, as a mother and as a friend. It’s really inspired me in a lot of ways that I wasn’t even expecting. From the very beginning, the producers, writers and network and everyone, they were very adamant about having a black woman at the helm and I think that was a courageous decision,” she said.
The actress continued: “A black woman who excels in math, science and technology is also something we don’t see much of. I think that it’s gonna hopefully be very inspiring for everyone.”
Trending
Martin-Green is leading “Star Trek: Discovery”, aired in India on Zee Cafe. She is taking forward the legacy of the original “Star Trek” TV series of the late-1960s.
“Star Trek: Discovery” follows the voyages of Starfleet on their missions to discover new worlds and life forms. The series revolves around Michael Burnham (Martin-Green), a Starfleet officer, who learns that to truly understand all things alien, she needs herself.
“The very essence of ‘Star Trek’ has always been about diversity, equality, representation and innovation. We had a duty to uphold that. And we try to push the needle forward with that. There’s an Indian actor, having the first female captain, first openly gay couple… We have all these different elements of diversity, and we’re only going to keep going. I think we would not be true to the legacy if we didn’t do that,” she said.
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Andy Harter
Andrew Charles Harter (born 1961 in Yorkshire, England) is a British computer scientist, best known as the founder and CEO of RealVNC.
Education and early life
Born in Yorkshire in 1961, Harter attended the Queen Elizabeth Grammar School, Wakefield. He went on to the University of Cambridge, where he studied Mathematics and Computer Science as an undergraduate student of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge and a postgraduate student of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. His doctoral thesis, supervised by Andy Hopper, was judged the best UK Computer Science dissertation of 1990.
Career and research
Harter is probably best known for Virtual Network Computing, (VNC) a ubiquitous remote access technology he developed in the mid 90s. He founded RealVNC in 2002 and remains its Chief executive. In recent years he has worked on embedding the technology in Google and Intel products. Under his leadership, in 2013 the company received its third Queen's Awards for Enterprise in three years and he was named the Cambridge Businessman of the Year in 2011. Harter was elected a Fellow of St Edmund's College, Cambridge in 2001 and appointed a Visiting Fellow at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in 2002.
Awards and honours
In 2002 he was elected a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET), where he served as a trustee between 2014 and 2017. In 2010 he was awarded the Silver Medal of the Royal Academy of Engineering in recognition of an outstanding and sustained contribution to software engineering and commercialisation and in 2013 he led the team that won the Academy's prestigious MacRobert Award. In 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng), where he served as a trustee between 2013 and 2016. In 2014 he was appointed Chair of the Cambridge Network and in 2015 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science degree from Anglia Ruskin University and also became a trustee of The Centre for Computing History. In 2016 he was awarded the Faraday Medal, the most prestigious award of the IET.
Harter was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to engineering. He delivered the Turing Lecture in February 2018, and in March 2018 became the High Sheriff of Cambridgeshire. In 2019, he was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire.
References
Category:1961 births
Category:Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge
Category:Alumni of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge
Category:British computer scientists
Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Cambridgeshire
Category:English engineers
Category:Fellows of the British Computer Society
Category:Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
Category:Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Category:Fellows of St Edmund's College, Cambridge
Category:High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire
Category:Living people
Category:Members of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory
Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
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Introduction {#s1}
============
Telomeres are chromatin structures located at the ends of chromosomes, comprised of repeats of (TTAGGG)~n~ and telomere-binding proteins [@pone.0052466-Blasco1]. During DNA replication, the nucleotide repeats are lost, making telomeres progressively shorter. When a critical length is reached, cells enter into replicative senescence or apoptosis. If the cell can bypass the cell-cycle checkpoint with the ability to continue dividing, chromosomal instability and/or cancer can occur [@pone.0052466-Blasco1].
Melanocytic nevi (benign and dysplastic) are strong risk factors for cutaneous melanoma [@pone.0052466-Holly1]--[@pone.0052466-Tucker2]. Benign melanocytic nevi are transient proliferations of melanocytes. After a replication phase, melanocytes within nevi seem to enter into replicative senescence and rarely experience apoptosis [@pone.0052466-Gilchrest1]. It is thought that they remain in this state for decades and only a few progress to melanoma for reasons that are not well understood [@pone.0052466-Tucker1]. It is possible that shorter telomere length in melanocytes within nevi may trigger the entry into senescence by limiting cell proliferation. This could in turn affect the capacity for malignant transformation or proliferation of malignant clones within nevi and thus the risk of melanoma. In fact, two prospective studies have reported that shorter telomeres were associated with a decreased risk of melanoma [@pone.0052466-Nan1], [@pone.0052466-Han1]. However, telomere length has been found to be positively correlated with the number and size of nevi in a cross-sectional study in the UK [@pone.0052466-Bataille1].
Telomere length regulation is a highly complex process requiring numerous proteins. One previous study assessed the relationship between genetic variants in five telomere genes and the risk of melanoma and found two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TERT and one in TRF1 to significantly increase the risk of melanoma [@pone.0052466-Nan2]. However, only five genes related to telomere maintenance were included in that study, but more than 30 genes are involved in the telomere biology. Furthermore, the study was limited by the relatively small number of melanoma cases (N = 218).
In the current study, we combined data from three case-control studies and one family study conducted in Italy, a Mediterranean population generally characterized by a wide range of pigmentation characteristics, intense sun exposure and lower incidence rates of melanoma in comparison to those found in the US and Australia [@pone.0052466-Lens1]. We examined the associations of 39 genes related to the biology of telomeres, and 475 SNPs within these genes, with the risk of melanoma. We evaluated the top findings in two different American populations. In addition, we explored whether these genes were related to the presence of dysplastic nevi (defined as 5 mm or larger, predominantly flat, and with at least two of the following characteristics: variable pigmentation, indistinct borders, and an irregular outline [@pone.0052466-Greene1], [@pone.0052466-Bale1]) and to nevus count in control subjects. We also explored whether number of nevi or presence of dysplastic nevi interact with SNPs in telomere biology genes, to assess whether genetic susceptibility has a role in the progression between nevi and melanoma. Finally, we tested for the association between telomere length and the risk of melanoma, nevus count, presence of dysplastic nevi and SNPs within telomere-related genes.
Methods {#s2}
=======
Ethics Statement {#s2a}
----------------
The study was approved by the Bufalini Hospital, the University of L'Aquila, the Genoa San Martino Hospital and the National Cancer Institute Ethics Committees and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Study Populations {#s2b}
-----------------
Subjects from three case-control studies of sporadic melanoma and one study of familial melanoma conducted in Italy were analyzed. The methods for the first case-control study (CCS1) have been previously described [@pone.0052466-Landi1], [@pone.0052466-Landi2]. Briefly, cases were incident sporadic melanoma patients, without a family history of melanoma, aged 17--77, negative for the CDKN2A/CDK4 mutations, diagnosed between December 1994 and January 1999 at the Dermatology Unit of Maurizio Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, a referral point for the Emilia-Romagna and Northern Marche regions in Northern Italy. During the study period, the Bufalini Hospital examined approximately 85% of all melanoma patients diagnosed in the area, as verified by comparison of patient lists with the Romagna region cancer registry and with records of melanoma diagnoses from the main hospitals of the area. Controls were spouses or close friends of the cases, patients treated at the same hospital for minor accidental trauma or healthy hospital personnel recruited during the same period without a history of melanoma and coming from the same geographical areas as the cases. Controls were frequency-matched by age and gender to cases. A single dermatologist (D.C.) performed skin examinations for all study subjects to determine pigmentation characteristics, freckles, nevus count (on the back only), presence of dysplastic nevi, as well as other skin traits. Questionnaires were administrated to participants to obtain information on demographic characteristics, family and medical history and sun exposure behaviors. A total of 227 cases and 173 controls with blood samples were included in the present study.
The methods for the second case-control study (CCS2) have also been published [@pone.0052466-Fargnoli1]. Briefly, sporadic melanoma patients (not tested for the CDKN2A/CDK4 mutations), diagnosed at the Departments of Dermatology of the Universities of L'Aquila, Florence or Modena in central Italy, aged 17--82, were recruited between 2000 and 2002. Subjects treated for diseases unrelated to melanoma at the Surgery and Internal Medicine Departments of the corresponding Universities were recruited as controls for the study. They were frequency matched by sex and age (±1 year) and study area. Information on demographic characteristics, family and medical history, sun exposure, and pigmentation nevi was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Clinical examination of all subjects was performed by two dermatologists (K.P. and M.C.F.). A total of 264 cases and 165 controls with blood samples were included in the present study.
The third case-control study (CCS3) was of sporadic melanoma cases diagnosed between 2000--2007 at the units of dermatology, medical oncology and plastic surgery of the National Cancer Research Institute and San Martino Hospital, Genoa, in Northern Italy [@pone.0052466-Ghiorzo1]. Melanoma cases were older than 18 years of age, without family history of melanoma and negative for the CDKN2A/CDK4 mutations. Similarly, subjects without a history of melanoma, older than 18 years of age were recruited at the same hospital during the same period. A trained interviewer obtained information from study subjects on demographic characteristics, family and medical history, sun exposure, and pigmentation characteristics using a standardized questionnaire. All melanoma cases and 54.8% of the controls were also examined by experienced dermatologists or plastic surgeons that also filled out the questionnaire. The study was approved by the A total of 207 cases and 207 controls with blood samples were included in the present study.
Finally, the familial melanoma study (FS) consists of 62 families from Northern Italy with at least two relatives diagnosed with melanoma who were recruited at the Dermatology Unit of Maurizio Bufalini Hospital in Cesena [@pone.0052466-Landi3]. Some of the melanoma cases were deceased at the time of recruitment and so blood samples were obtained from 96 melanoma patients and 225 unaffected individuals. The protocol for skin examination and questionnaire administration was identical to CCS1, although the questionnaires differed slightly.
Gene and SNP Selection and Genotyping {#s2c}
-------------------------------------
Thirty-nine genes coding for proteins that are known to directly interact with telomeres or to regulate these proteins were selected for our study, following Mirabello *et al.* [@pone.0052466-Mirabello1] ([Table S1](#pone.0052466.s009){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). TagSNPs in these genes and surrounding regions, comprising of 20kb upstream of the 5′ of each gene and 10kb downstream of the 3′ of each gene, were selected if they had a minor allele frequency (MAF) larger than 5% and pairwise correlation (r^2^) smaller than 0.80 in the HapMap2 Project database. In total, 747 SNPs were selected for genotyping using an iSelect Illumina Infinium custom array at the NCI Core Genotyping Facility [@pone.0052466-Liang1]. Two hundred and thirty SNPs were excluded due to failing the assay (n = 93), being monoallelic (n = 1), having less than 90% completion (n = 93), having less than 95% concordance (n = 5), not possible to genotyped in the custom array (n = 20) or having Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) less than 0.05/20,809 (n = 18), with 20,809 being the total number of non-failing SNPs in the iSelect Illumina Infinium array. A total of 517 SNPs were genotyped. Analyses were restricted to SNPs with MAF of at least 1% in controls, resulting in 476 SNPs.
Replication Data Sets {#s2d}
---------------------
Two datasets were used to verify whether the associations found in the Mediterranean population were also present in American subjects who differed by residence, sun exposure, pigmentation characteristics and family history of melanoma. The first was a family study comprised of 562 individuals (183 melanoma cases) from 53 melanoma-prone families (23 of which had CDKN2A germline mutations) with at least two living first degree relatives diagnosed with invasive melanoma and ascertained through health care professionals or self-referrals. Two adult controls were selected for each case, including blood-related or unrelated family members. The study was approved by the National Cancer Institute Clinical Center Institutional Review Board and all subjects gave informed consent. Genotyping was conducted using the same iSelect Illumina Infinium custom array at the NCI Core Genotyping Facility.
The second study was a hospital-based case-control study of non-Hispanic white subjects recruited at the MD Anderson Cancer Center [@pone.0052466-Amos1]. Specifically, there were 1,804 melanoma cases and 1,026 cancer-free controls (friends or acquaintances of patients reporting to other clinics), who were frequency-matched on age and sex, completed a comprehensive skin and lifestyle questionnaire, and whose DNA passed quality control filters for genotyping for a genome wide-association study. Genotyping was conducted at the John Hopkins University Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), using the Illumina HumanOmni1-Quad_v1-0_B array. Genotypes were called using the BeadStudio algorithm. MACH was used to impute ungenotyped SNPs according to 1000 Genomes Project data using the HapMap2 reference data. Information was not available on dysplastic nevi. The study was approved by the MD Anderson Institutional Review Board and all individuals provided informed consent.
Relative Telomere Length Measurements {#s2e}
-------------------------------------
Information on telomere length was available for 368 subjects from CCS1 and FS (172 melanoma patients and 196 non-melanoma subjects). DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. Telomere Length (TL) was measured using a quantitative real-time method described by Cawthon [@pone.0052466-Cawthon1]. This method measures the relative TL in genomic DNA by determining the ratio of telomere repeat copy number (T) to a single copy gene (the human beta-globin gene, S) copy number (T/S ratio) in experimental samples relative to a reference sample. The two reactions were run in triplicate in two different plates for all samples. SYBR green dye was used to monitor DNA synthesis *versus* background fluorescence, as well as the melting temperature of the product. Each plate also contained a pool of DNA with serial 1∶2 dilutions to compute a standard curve (1.25 ng to 40 ng). This standard curve was generated from a serially diluted DNA pool (obtained from 20 DNA samples randomly selected from the samples tested in the present study), ranging from 1.25 to 40 ng in each plate, so that relative quantities of T and S (in nanograms) could be determined from it. The average of the three T measurements was divided by the average of the three S measurements to calculate the average T:S ratio or relative telomere length [@pone.0052466-Cawthon1].
Statistical Analysis {#s2f}
--------------------
We conducted SNP-based, gene-based, functional group based and overall association analyses. All computations were done using the R (version 2.13.2) software. HWE was calculated among controls using an exact test [@pone.0052466-Wigginton1] ([Table S1](#pone.0052466.s009){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). One of the SNP genotypes (rs7973425 in the DDX11 region) deviated from Hardy--Weinberg Equilibrium in the control study population after correcting for multiple testing and it was excluded from the analyses ([Table S1](#pone.0052466.s009){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was estimated using the r^2^ measure among the genotyped SNPs, and the corresponding heatmap was computed using a modified version of the R statistical package LDheatmap [@pone.0052466-Shin1].
### SNP-based association analysis {#s2f1}
For each SNP genotype separately, we computed an odds ratios (OR) and the corresponding standard errors (SE) for the association with risks of melanoma using unconditional logistic regression models for each of the case-control studies separately and conditional logistic regression (conditioning on family) for the family study, adjusting for age (continuous) and sex. We assumed an additive model in the number of minor alleles (i.e., SNP genotypes were coded as 0, 1, or 2) and fitted the genotype with a trend in the logistic models. If the number of subjects was less than 5 for one genotype, we used a dominant model. We then combined study-specific ORs using a random effects meta-analysis [@pone.0052466-Pfeiffer1]. However, similar results were obtained using fixed effects models (data not shown). We further adjusted the OR for a "nevus score", comprised of nevus count and presence of dysplastic nevi. These nevus scores were computed using factor analysis for those individuals who did not have missing values on the nevus count and presence of dysplastic nevi. Adjustment for the nevus score grouped into quartiles yielded similar OR estimates to those adjusted for only age and sex ([Table S2](#pone.0052466.s010){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Therefore, we presented here only the results from models adjusting for age and sex. Analyses for the association of risk of dysplastic nevi (coded as absent or present) with SNPs were conducted in non-melanoma participants using the same approach as described above.
Poisson regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to explore the association between nevus count and the SNPs in controls from CCS1 and FS to compute incident rate ratios (IRR). We added a SNP genotype and age interaction to adjust for the changes of nevus count with age [@pone.0052466-Bataille1]. To account for model assumptions (and correlations among individuals in the FS), we used a robust sandwich variance estimator.
Finally, we explored whether the presence of dysplastic nevi modified the association between SNP genotypes and melanoma risk by adding an interaction term between dysplastic nevi and SNP genotypes in the SNP-based analysis. A similar analysis was conducted for nevus count.
We corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni method, which is likely conservative, because of the correlation across SNPs. After correction, P-values needed to be lower than 1.05×10^−4^ for significance at the 5% level.
Analysis for the replication data sets were conducted as described above, except for nevus count. In the family study, the variable was collected as an ordinal variable with four categories and analyzed using a multinomial model. In the hospital-based study, nevus count was coded as a binary variable.
### Gene-based, group-based and overall association analysis {#s2f2}
SNP-based P-values within a gene region were combined by means of an adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) approach to compute the gene-based P-value [@pone.0052466-Yu1]. In this approach, SNP-based P-values within a gene region are combined using a truncated product method, in which the truncated point is optimized among a set of candidates. This product defines a test statistic and the gene-based P-value is the result of this statistic. Significance of the gene-based P-value was assessed using a permutation procedure with 10,000 permutations. This approach allows for LD within a gene region and allows for flexibility in the number of SNPs to include in the P-value calculation. Nine SNPs mapped to two different gene regions each and were included in both gene analyses (rs4873772 and rs762679 to MCM4 and PRKDC; rs2700, rs3093942, rs4981158, rs10147163, rs7161611 and rs1713419 to PARP2 and TEP1). The thirty-nine genes were grouped in several functional groups [@pone.0052466-Mirabello1] and functional group P-values were computed by combining the SNP-based P-values from the genes in the corresponding group using the ARTP algorithm. The overall P-value combined all the SNP-based P-values using the ARTP package.
### Telomere length association analysis {#s2f3}
Telomere length was transformed using natural logarithms. We computed associations between telomere length and different demographic and sun-related characteristics among non-melanoma subjects using linear regression, adjusted for age and study (CCS1 vs. FS). We chose to adjust for study instead of using meta-analytic estimates, due to the small number of unaffected subjects with telomere length, leading to unstable estimates in the study-specific analysis. The association between telomere length and the risk of melanoma was explored using unconditional (in CCS1) and conditional (in FS) logistic regressions adjusting for age and sex using telomere length as a continuous variable. Study-specific ORs were combined using a random effects meta-analysis [@pone.0052466-Pfeiffer1].
Results {#s3}
=======
A total of 796 melanoma cases and 770 unaffected subjects were included in our genetic analysis. Melanoma patients and non-melanoma participants were similar in age and sex ([Table 1](#pone-0052466-t001){ref-type="table"}). Cases were more likely to have increased number of nevi, presence of dysplastic nevi and to report more sun exposure compared to unaffected individuals.
10.1371/journal.pone.0052466.t001
###### Distribution of characteristics of study subjects.
{#pone-0052466-t001-1}
Characteristics Cases(N = 796) n (%) Unaffected(N = 770) n (%)
---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------
*Age (years)*
\<30 93 (11.7) 106 (13.8)
30--39 142 (17.9) 147 (19.1)
40--49 152 (19.1) 161 (21.0)
50--59 174 (21.9) 144 (18.8)
≥60 234 (29.4) 210 (27.3)
*Sex*
Males 377 (47.4) 381 (49.5)
Females 419 (52.6) 389 (50.5)
*Nevus count*
\<10 244 (32.8) 238 (36.4)
10--50 289 (38.9) 308 (47.1)
\>50 210 (28.3) 108 (16.5)
*Dysplastic nevi*
No 457 (62.4) 463 (74.8)
Yes 275 (37.6) 156 (25.2)
*Chronic sun exposure* [\*](#nt102){ref-type="table-fn"}
No 467 (67.3) 343 (72.8)
Yes 227 (32.7) 128 (27.2)
*Intermittent sun exposure*
Very little 237 (30.0) 227 (32.5)
Some 299 (37.9) 313 (44.8)
High 253 (32.1) 158 (22.6)
Numbers might no add to totals due to missing values. Data might not add up to 100% because of rounding.
Not measured in the family study.
SNP-based Findings {#s3a}
------------------
The C allele of the SNP rs2721173, located in the gene region RecQ protein-like 4 (RECQL4), was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.62; P-trend = 1.13×10^−3^; Figures S1 and S2 and [Tables S2](#pone.0052466.s010){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S3](#pone.0052466.s011){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Presence of dysplastic nevi was most strongly associated with the G allele of the SNP rs6011002 (OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.64, 6.61; P-trend = 7.75×10^−4^; Figures S3 and S4 and [Tables S4](#pone.0052466.s012){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S5](#pone.0052466.s013){ref-type="supplementary-material"}), which is located in the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene region. After Bonferroni correction, nevus count was significantly associated with the T allele of the SNP rs11955168 located in the RAD50 region (IRR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.77, 4.38; P-trend = 8.68×10^−6^; [Figure S5](#pone.0052466.s005){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [Table S6](#pone.0052466.s014){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) and with the A allele of the SNP rs11850456 in the telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP1) region (IRR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.64; P-trend = 1.04×10^−4^; [Figure S5](#pone.0052466.s005){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [Table S7](#pone.0052466.s015){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Two SNPs, rs153045 and rs251796, in the TERF2 region, implicated in the protection of telomeres, that were previously found to be correlated with the number of nevi, were significantly associated with higher number of nevi in our study (IRR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.85; P-trend = 3.27×10^−4^ for rs153045; IRR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.66; P-trend = 0.01 for rs251796; Figures S5 and S6 and [Tables S8](#pone.0052466.s016){ref-type="supplementary-material"}, [S9](#pone.0052466.s017){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [S10](#pone.0052466.s018){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
Analyses including interaction terms between SNP genotypes and the presence of dysplastic nevi or nevus count on the risk of melanoma yielded non-statistically significant results.
Our findings in the Italian study were not replicated in the two American datasets. In the US family study, which comprised 562 individuals (183 melanoma cases) from 53 melanoma-prone families, the C allele of rs2721173 in RECQL4 decreased the risk of melanoma by 17% (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.36, 1.16; P-trend = 0.34), but did not reach statistical significance. In the hospital-based case-control study, comprised of 1,804 melanoma cases and 1,026 cancer free controls, the C allele of rs2721173 was not associated with melanoma risk (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.03; P-trend = 0.16). Similarly, SNP rs6011002 in RTEL1 was not associated with the presence of dysplastic nevi (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.29; P-trend = 0.22) in the family study (presence of dysplastic nevi was not available in the hospital-based case-control study). The SNP rs11955168 in RAD50 was not significantly associated with nevus count in the US family study (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.10, 1.93; P-trend = 0.28) nor in the hospital-based study (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.67, 2.83; P-trend = 0.39). Similarly, SNP rs11850456 in TEP1was not significantly associated with nevus count in the US family-study (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.23, 2.54; P-trend = 0.66) nor in the hospital-based case-control study (OR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.29; P-trend = 0.32), although in the Italian and the two American studies it was associated with a reduced risk. The two SNPs that were previously reported to be significantly correlated with nevus count and that were significantly associated with number of nevi in our study were not associated in the two American studies, although the different categorization of nevus count and analysis techniques used in the different studies make difficult to directly compare them.
Gene-based Findings {#s3b}
-------------------
Similar to the SNP-based findings, the RECQL4 region had the strongest association with the risk of melanoma (gene-based P-value = 2.5×10^−3^; [Table 2](#pone-0052466-t002){ref-type="table"}, [Table S2](#pone.0052466.s010){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [Figure S2](#pone.0052466.s002){ref-type="supplementary-material"}) and the RTEL1 region had the strongest association with risk of dysplastic nevi (gene-based P-value = 0.004; [Table 3](#pone-0052466-t003){ref-type="table"}, [Table S3](#pone.0052466.s011){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [Figure S4](#pone.0052466.s004){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). The TERF2 region had the strongest association with nevus count (gene-based P-value = 0.009; [Table 3](#pone-0052466-t003){ref-type="table"}, [Table S4](#pone.0052466.s012){ref-type="supplementary-material"} and [Figure S6](#pone.0052466.s006){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0052466.t002
###### Gene-based association analysis with the risk of melanoma.
{#pone-0052466-t002-2}
Gene Number of SNPs in gene P-value[\*](#nt103){ref-type="table-fn"}
---------- ------------------------ ------------------------------------------
RECQL4 5 2.5×10^−3^
DDX1 10 0.03
TNKS2 5 0.06
RECQL5 4 0.12
PARP1 23 0.14
RAD51L3 13 0.14
TERF1 14 0.14
TEP1 37 0.16
RAD51C 6 0.17
NBN 17 0.18
RTEL1 13 0.22
RAD50 13 0.29
MRE11A 17 0.30
TERC 3 0.31
PIK3C3 3 0.33
WRN 16 0.33
NOLA1 8 0.39
TERF2 7 0.42
ATM 12 0.42
ACD 3 0.50
RAD54L 9 0.52
MYC 20 0.55
MCM4 2 0.58
MEN1 8 0.61
NOLA2 5 0.61
PINX1 29 0.62
NOLA3 14 0.65
BLM 28 0.69
TERF2IP 7 0.72
DDX11 4 0.72
PRKDC 7 0.72
TNKS 37 0.73
RAD51AP1 13 0.76
POT1 5 0.85
RECQL 21 0.86
TERT 12 0.87
PARP2 19 0.91
XRCC6 4 0.97
TINF2 9 0.98
Based on a meta-analysis of the three case-control studies and one family study. Model was adjusted for age (continous) and sex. Genes ordered from most significant to least significant associations with outcome.
10.1371/journal.pone.0052466.t003
###### Gene-based association analysis and risk of dysplastic nevi and number of nevi in unaffected subjects.
{#pone-0052466-t003-3}
Dysplastic nevi Nevus count
----------------- ------------- ------------ ---------- ---- ------------
RTEL1 12 4.2×10^−3^ TERF2 7 8.6×10^−3^
RAD54L 9 0.02 DDX1 10 0.01
PINX1 29 0.07 MEN1 8 0.04
NBN 17 0.10 TEP1 37 0.05
RECQL4 5 0.13 TERC 3 0.05
MYC 20 0.14 PARP2 19 0.05
RAD50 12 0.18 RAD50 14 0.10
RAD51AP1 13 0.21 RECQL4 5 0.21
PARP2 19 0.22 NOLA2 5 0.26
RAD51L3 13 0.22 MYC 20 0.31
NOLA2 5 0.24 RAD51L3 13 0.31
MEN1 7 0.28 RAD51AP1 13 0.36
TERC 3 0.32 RTEL1 13 0.39
TNKS 37 0.33 ATM 12 0.46
XRCC6 4 0.34 RAD51C 6 0.47
PRKDC 7 0.38 MCM4 2 0.50
DDX11 4 0.41 TNKS 37 0.50
MCM4 2 0.43 NOLA3 14 0.51
RECQL5 4 0.46 TNKS2 5 0.56
DDX1 10 0.46 TINF2 9 0.57
TEP1 37 0.48 ACD 3 0.60
RAD51C 6 0.48 WRN 16 0.60
TERF2 7 0.57 PINX1 29 0.60
NOLA1 8 0.60 XRCC6 4 0.63
POT1 5 0.62 DDX11 4 0.67
TNKS2 5 0.65 PARP1 23 0.67
BLM 26 0.65 PRKDC 7 0.74
ACD 3 0.65 TERF1 14 0.78
ATM 12 0.67 RECQL 21 0.79
TERF1 14 0.74 RAD54L 9 0.83
PARP1 23 0.84 PIK3C3 3 0.87
WRN 16 0.84 TERT 12 0.88
NOLA3 14 0.85 POT1 5 0.91
TERT 12 0.87 NOLA1 8 0.92
MRE11A 17 0.89 BLM 28 0.93
PIK3C3 3 0.93 MRE11A 17 0.94
RECQL 21 0.95 TERF2IP 7 0.96
TERF2IP 7 0.95 NBN 17 0.97
TINF2 9 0.99 RECQL5 4 0.98
Based on a meta-analysis of the 3 case-control studies and the family study. Model was adjusted for age (continous) and sex.
Based on a meta-analysis of case-control study and the family study using Poisson regression with robust variance. Model was adjusted for age (continous) and sex and interaction between age and SNP genotype. Genes ordered from the most to the least significant P-value.
Functional Pathway-based Findings {#s3c}
---------------------------------
We categorized the 39 genes into five different functional groups, as in Mirabello *et al*. [@pone.0052466-Mirabello1] ([Table S11](#pone.0052466.s019){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Similar to the gene-based results, the helicase subgroup, which included the RECQL4 region, was associated with melanoma risk (P = 0.03); a telomere related group, which included the RTEL1 region, was associated with dysplastic nevi (P = 0.11); and the shelterin subgroup, which included the TERF2 region, was associated with nevus count (P = 0.09).
In an analysis that combined p-values from all of the SNPs in the 39 telomere-related genes into a single summary p-value, we found no association with the risk of melanoma (overall P-value = 0.17), dysplastic nevi (overall P-value = 0.24) or nevus count (overall P-value = 0.17).
Telomere Length {#s3d}
---------------
The telomere length analysis was based on 172 melanoma patients and 196 non-melanoma subjects from two studies (CCS1 and FS). A box-plot showing the distribution of telomere length among cases and unaffected individuals is available online ([Figure S7](#pone.0052466.s007){ref-type="supplementary-material"}). Among non-melanoma cases, telomere length was associated with age (P-trend: 4.72×10^−4^; [Table 4](#pone-0052466-t004){ref-type="table"}), but was not associated with sex, nevus count, dysplastic nevi, or sun exposure. Furthermore, it was not significantly associated with the risk of melanoma (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.46--1.64). In our study, telomere length was not associated with any of the selected SNPs among unaffected individuals ([Figure S8](#pone.0052466.s008){ref-type="supplementary-material"}).
10.1371/journal.pone.0052466.t004
###### Relationship of telomere length with demographic and sun related characteristics in non-melanoma subjects.
{#pone-0052466-t004-4}
Characteristics Unaffected (N = 196) n (%) Mean telomere length and 95% CI[§](#nt107){ref-type="table-fn"} P-trend[§](#nt107){ref-type="table-fn"}
---------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------
*Age (years)* **4.72×10** ^−**4**^
\<30 33 (16.9) 1.00 (ref.)
30--39 43 (22.1) 0.94 (0.80, 1.12)
40--49 43 (22.1) 0.89 (0.75, 1.06)
50--59 43 (22.1) 0.87 (0.73, 1.03)
≥60 33 (16.9) **0.73 (0.61, 0.87)**
*Sex* 0.85
Males 97 (49.5) 1.00 (ref.)
Females 99 (50.5) 0.99 (0.89, 1.10)
*Nevus count* 0.76
\<10 26 (14.1) 1.00 (ref.)
10--50 111 (60.3) 0.90 (0.77, 1.06)
\>50 47 (25.5) 0.99 (0.83, 1.19)
*Dysplastic nevi* 0.85
No 120 (71.4) 1.00 (ref.)
Yes 48 (28.6) 1.01 (0.88, 1.16)
*Chronic sun exposure* [\*](#nt108){ref-type="table-fn"} 0.13
No 90 (55.6) 1.00 (ref.)
Yes 72 (44.4) 0.92 (0.82, 1.03)
*Intermittent sun exposure* 0.57
Very little 57 (29.1) 1.00 (ref.)
Some 92 (46.9) 0.95 (0.84, 1.08)
High 47 (24.0) 0.96 (0.83, 1.11)
Data might not add up to 100% because of rounding.
Compute only among unaffected individuals. Mean is the geometric mean. Adjusted by age and study (CCS1 vs. FS).
Not measured in the family study.
Discussion {#s4}
==========
In the current study, we combined data from three case-control studies and one family study conducted in Italy, and examined the associations of 39 genes related to the biology of telomeres, and 475 SNPs within these genes, with the risk of melanoma, presence of dysplastic nevi, number of nevi and telomere length.
The gene regions around RECQL4, RTEL1 and TERF2 were associated with melanoma, the presence of dysplastic nevi and number of nevi, respectively, in the Italian combined study. However, we did not find the same associations in two American studies with different study designs.
Previously, among the telomere-related genes, two SNPs in TERT, rs2853676 and rs2242652, were reported to have a significant association with melanoma in a Caucasian population [@pone.0052466-Nan2]. However, these SNPs were not associated with melanoma in our population (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.63 for rs2853676; OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.39 for rs2242652). Furthermore, the same study also reported two SNPs in TERF2 (rs153045 and rs251796) that were significantly correlated with number of nevi, but they did not report the size of the association after adjustment for confounding variables. We found that these two SNPs were significantly associated with higher number of nevi in our study. In the gene-based analysis, the TERF2 region had the strongest association with nevus count, suggesting that further research into this gene region and its role in nevi development may prove informative.
Shorter telomere length measured in prediagnostic blood samples was previously found to be correlated with number of nevi (P = 0.002) and associated with a reduced risk of melanoma, although not significantly (P-trend = 0.09) [@pone.0052466-Han1]. In a recent combined analysis of 3 prospective studies, shorter telomere length was associated with a reduced risk of melanoma (P-trend = 0.0003) [@pone.0052466-Nan1]. In our study, shorter telomere length was not associated with number of nevi, but similar to the previous two analyses, telomere length was associated with a decreased risk of melanoma, although it did not reach statistical significance. Measurements of telomere length in our study were performed in samples collected retrospectively. However, this is unlikely to play an important role in our findings since one would have expected to observe a positive association with the risk of melanoma and we did not observe such an association.
This is the most comprehensive study of telomere-related genes and melanoma risk to date. In addition, we explored the associations between telomere length and nevi (dysplastic nevi and number of nevi). Further, we used gene-set and pathway approaches that allowed us to maximize our ability to detect effects that were only significant at the aggregate level, and not at the SNP level. We combined both case-control and family studies and assessed multiple variants in detail. However, the assessment of different characteristics, such as the number of nevi, could vary across studies and could have affected our measurements. For this reason, we performed analyses regarding number of nevi in the two studies (CCS1 and FS) in which skin examinations were performed by the same doctor. Moreover, we only considered the variable of presence/absence of dysplastic nevi instead of their number. Furthermore, we accounted for the potential heterogeneity in the studies by computing meta-analytic estimates, instead of pooling the data together. It is known that the number of nevi changes through the lifetime of an individual, with nevi count reaching its maximum around 35--40 years of age [@pone.0052466-Bataille1]. This could result in misclassification, leading to attenuated results. However, we included an interaction term between the number of nevi and age in our models to account for this effect modification by age.
Our findings may suggest a role for telomere-related genes in melanoma risk as observed for other cancers [@pone.0052466-Simon1]--[@pone.0052466-Varadi1] and add insights into the complex biology of telomeres in melanoma development. However, despite the strengths of our study, our results were not confirmed in the two US populations, including a melanoma family study and a hospital-based case-control study. Differences in the ascertainment of nevi in the replication studies and related analyses could partially explain these results. Mediterranean populations generally differ from American and Australian populations, which experience a higher incidence of melanoma, in terms of pigmentation characteristics, intensity of sun exposure and genetic susceptibility [@pone.0052466-Landi4]. These factors may also explain some discrepancies, but as in any epidemiological investigation, chance findings cannot be completely ruled out. Larger studies are needed to explore the role of these factors in relation to telomere genes and melanoma risk.
In summary, our results suggest that telomere-related genes might be related to the susceptibility of melanoma, dysplastic nevi and nevus count. Additional studies across different populations are warranted.
Supporting Information {#s5}
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[^1]: **Competing Interests:**The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
[^2]: Conceived and designed the experiments: MTL AMG MAT. Performed the experiments: AH L. Burdette VB MH. Analyzed the data: CB RMP VB L. Burke JD MTL SAS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DC PG MCF GB-S KP SF MAT AMG JEL QW XRY CA MTL. Wrote the paper: CB MTL. Harmonized phenotypic data: JD.
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CO2 emissions blamed for global warming are expected to hit record highs this year.
At least $2 billion has gone toward United Nations climate summits meant to stop global warming.
“$2 billion was spent on these meetings, and for what?” one energy expert asks.
Global carbon dioxide emissions will likely hit record highs this year, according to a new report released Wednesday as United Nations diplomats meet in Poland to hash out details of the Paris climate accord.
Global emissions will rise roughly 3 percent to 37.1 gigatons in 2018, according to the Global Carbon Project (GCP). The rise in emissions was largely fueled by an uptick in coal-fired power generation in China and India.
“Emissions in China, India, and the US are expected to increase in 2018, while emissions in the [European Union] are expected to decline, and all other countries combined will most likely increase,” reads the report by GCP, which tracks emissions.
“The peak in global emissions is not yet in sight,” reads GCP’s report. (RELATED: France May Be Ahead Of The Curve When It Comes To Global Warming Policy Backlash)
Record-setting came despite the Paris climate accord being in force for two years and an estimated $2 billion worth of U.N. climate summits since 1995. U.N. climate summits are meant to bring world leaders together to tackle global warming.
But that clearly hasn’t happened, leading some experts to question the useful of lavish annual U.N. climate conferences — the current summit in Katowice, Poland, likely costs more than $130 million.
“$2 billion was spent on these meetings, and for what?” environmental economist Richard Tol tweeted Wednesday.
Tol has tracked the cost of U.N. climate summits since 1995 when the first Conference of the Parties, or COP, was held in Berlin, Germany. Ever since then, the costs of U.N. climate summits have skyrocketed along with global emissions.
The costs of UNFCCC meetings and global CO2 emissions pic.twitter.com/6i5idrnFsZ — Richard Tol (@RichardTol) December 5, 2018
In that time, the U.N. has convinced most countries to sign onto two global climate agreements — the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris accord. The latter replaced the Kyoto Protocol and went into effect in 2016.
U.S. President Donald Trump pledged to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris accord in 2020, undoing a major part of former U.S. President Barack Obama’s legacy on environmental issues.
The nearly 200 countries that signed onto the Paris accord, including China and the U.S., agreed to cut carbon dioxide emissions enough to keep future global warming under 2 degrees Celsius by 2100.
There was much fanfare around the Paris accord, which countries initially signed onto at the U.N.’s 2015 summit in Paris. In particular, the Obama administration and environmentalists touted China’s acceptance of the Paris accord and pledge to “peak” emissions in 2030.
However, coal still makes up the bulk of China’s electric sector and will continue to do so for some times, according to experts.
“There was hope that China was rapidly moving away from coal power generation, but the last two years has shown it will not be so easy for China to say farewell to coal quickly,” Jan Ivar Korsbakken, a senior researcher at the Center for International Climate Research, told Axios.
“Coal is likely to dominate the Chinese energy system in the next decade, even if the skyrocketing growth seen in the mid-2000s is unlikely to return,” Korsbakken said.
The U.N.’s latest “emissions gap” report found “the G20 countries are collectively not on track to meet their unconditional [nationally determined contributions] for 2030,” meaning the world’s largest economies aren’t cutting emissions fast enough to meet their Paris accord pledges.
“If the emissions gap is not closed by 2030, it is very plausible that the goal of a well-below 2°C temperature increase is also out of reach,” the U.N. reported in November. “Coal is likely to dominate the Chinese energy system in the next decade, even if the skyrocketing growth seen in the mid-2000s is unlikely to return.”
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Analysts Say Mobile App Development Requires New Strategy, Techniques
Analysts from major research firms Gartner Inc. and IDC have recently emphasized that mobile app developers have to think differently from traditional practices -- or else.
If enterprises don't change their tune on mobile development and instead stick with traditional desktop app development techniques, their efforts will fail, said Gartner analyst Van Baker last week.
"Enterprise application development teams use traditional practices to define and develop desktop applications; however, most don't work with mobile app development, due to device diversity, network connectivity and other mobile-specific considerations," said Baker during a presentation to IT leaders in China. "Instead, [application development] managers should use functional, performance, load and UX testing, as well as agile development practices."
Meanwhile, IDC analyst Al Hilwa in a recent research report spoke of a "mobile disruption" to which enterprises must adjust in their development efforts.
"The central problem in mobile application development is addressing the variety of platforms and devices that employees can bring into the enterprise in a productive and agile manner," Hilwa said. "Enterprises are different and negotiate the decisions around choosing these approaches differently, but all have to navigate the next decade of application revamping to accommodate the disruption caused by the mobile revolution."
Hilwa expounded on his ideas in an interview with John K. Waters, this site's editor at large, earlier this month. Hilwa said the explosion of mobile devices in the workforce has forced enterprises to use a more strategic approach to app development, and move the efforts in-house.
"Since 2012," Hilwa told Waters, "enterprises have begun to tackle mobility more strategically by tagging their internal custom application development teams to skill up on mobile application development and take a more systematic approach to developing suites of applications that overhaul how certain internal business divisions, especially mobile sales and field forces, operate."
Baker agreed that the wide variety of mobile form factors was a thorny issue for developers and one of the main reasons they have to change their approach, eschewing traditional desktop development techniques such as having developers sit down with users to define app requirements.
"There are several reasons these efforts don't succeed for mobile applications, even though they've worked historically," Baker said. "First, mobile apps are a new category for most users and second, mobile apps are constrained by the nature of the platform and the size of the screen, so porting the workflow of a mature desktop app is not viable," Baker said. "Finally, the experience associated with mobile devices is significantly different from that of desktop devices, including shorter session lengths and limited presentation, due to screen size constraints that affect how mobile apps need to function."
Because most user complaints about mobile apps concern the UX -- caused by a poor UI design, app workflow or app responsiveness -- developers should focus on first designing an optimal UI and then incorporating a workflow that mirrors how users really work.
"Letting the users experience what the application will look like and building the screens on the fly with the appropriate tools will ensure that the initial build of the app looks familiar to the users and is close to what they'll need once the application has been piloted or deployed," Baker said. "This alone will result in a higher chance for a successful development effort."
Hilwa also had some advice for organizations, as reported by Waters. The IDC analyst said enterprise developers should "embrace the Web ecosystem of skills and set up Web developer teams along with existing Java and Microsoft ecosystem developer teams" because tools, frameworks and middleware aimed at enterprises are increasingly integrating HTML5 support.
Also, Hilwa said, organizations moving to a more strategic -- rather than tactical -- approach to mobile app development should "embrace an API architecture for back-end systems." In fact, he said, "such enterprises should begin re-architecting their back-end systems and data assets into API services before embarking on extensive mobile application building."
Gartner's Baker also noted that testing should be handled differently for mobile apps, because the latter can run on several different OSes that behave differently, depending on the device and its network connection. Mobile app testing should be done on multiple types of devices and OSes, he said, with a minimum two-tier approach of testing on device simulators and a collection of popular actual devices in use.
"Mobile apps are different," Baker concluded. "They need to be frequently revised to meet end-user expectations, and this agile development process especially requires operations to be on top of infrastructure and systems to support frequent mobile app deployments and pushed updates.
"The number of mobile device types further complicates mobile app development and operations efforts, because the range of device screen sizes, resolutions, hardware API access and performance is fragmented and changes rapidly," Baker added. "The pace of change in the mobile market presents challenges in particular to the operations team, and this pace is unlikely to slow down."
Instead, these and other analysts are saying developers need to catch up.
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The current work is concerned with investigating the role of opiate peptides in the brain. Since there are multiple systems containing naturally occurring opiates, we have chosen to focus on the so-called 31K system - a neuronal pathway within brain containing beta-Endorphin, ACTH, alpha-MSH and related peptides. Our overall goal is to characterize these peptides as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators by studying their anatomy, storage, release, receptor binding and behavioral effects. The techniques being employed include immunocytochemistry, autoradiography, receptor binding, extraction of peptides from brain, blood and CSF, radioimmunoassays and HPLC. Furthermore, we employ behavioral techniques and microinjection procedures in an effort to study the in vivo function of these peptides. It is expected that these studies will shed light on the role of endogenous opiates in pain control, drug addiction and motivated and affective behavior.
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In The
Court of Appeals
Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont
____________________
NO. 09-01-073 CV
____________________
In the Interest of N.V.D., a child
On Appeal from the 410th District Court
Montgomery County, Texas
Trial Cause No. 99-09-05519-CV
OPINION
Tammy Lynn Dougherty appeals the jury verdict terminating her parental rights
with her son, N.V.D. The Texas Department of Protective and Regulatory Services
("Department") initiated the suit shortly after N.V.D.'s first birthday, after the child was
diagnosed with failure to thrive and hospitalized for pneumonia and dehydration.
Dougherty presents three issues in her appeal.
In issue one Dougherty complains that the trial court failed to conduct a permanency
review hearing and sign a permanency review order within statutory guidelines. The trial
court timely extended the dismissal date from September 18, 2000, to March 11, 2001.
See Act of May 31, 1997, 75th Leg., R.S., ch. 1022, § 90, 1997 Tex. Gen. Laws 3733,
3768 (amended 2001) (current version at Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.401 (Vernon
2002)). Dougherty does not challenge the trial court's jurisdiction, but argues that she was
harmed by the trial court's failure to conduct a subsequent permanency review hearing
within 120 days of the previous permanency review hearing. The initial permanency
hearing must be conducted within 180 days of the date the trial court renders a temporary
order appointing the Department as temporary managing conservator of the child. See
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.304(a) (Vernon 2002). The initial permanency review
hearing was timely held on January 24, 2000. A subsequent permanency hearing must be
held no later than the 120th day after the date of the last permanency review hearing.
Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 263.305 (Vernon 2002). The trial court timely conducted the
April 24, 2000, permanency review. The Department concedes that the November 30,
2000, subsequent permanency hearing was not timely conducted. The delay is attributable
to the fact that the appellant obtained a continuance of the July 24, 2000, trial setting, over
the Department's objection. At the July 10, 2000, hearing on the motion for continuance,
Dougherty's counsel advised the trial court that her client had originally intended to
relinquish her rights, but had gone away for a few months and experienced a change of
heart, so that counsel needed additional time to obtain another home study. The trial court
conducted a pre-trial hearing on August 21, 2000, but did not conduct a permanency
review hearing at that time. There is nothing in the record to indicate that trial counsel
requested a permanency review hearing at this time. The trial court's docket sheet
indicates that a September 7, 2000, trial setting was also continued on the motion of the
respondent. Dougherty raised the failure to conduct a permanency review hearing for the
first time in a motion for summary judgment filed November 8, 2000. At a November 20,
2000, hearing, the Department's counsel advised the court that the Department had
conducted permanency planning team meetings with the foster family and any interested
members of the child's family. The trial court conducted a permanency review hearing
on November 30, 2000, and denied the motion for summary judgment on December 7,
2000.
Dougherty argues that the trial court's inaction deprived her of the opportunity to
work toward reunification. According to the appellant, the trial court doubled the
frequency of the visits after the November 30, 2000, hearing. Had the extra visits
commenced in August, she reasons, the evidence from those visits "would have made a
significant difference in a jury finding." Because it did so in November, Dougherty
assumes that the trial court would have ordered home visits in August. This conclusion
is far too speculative, considering that Dougherty had disappeared for several months, did
not exercise her visitation rights between November 17, 1999, and June 23, 2000, and at
the November 30, 2000, hearing, Dougherty's counsel was still trying to obtain an
amended home study that would alter the previous recommendation against permitting
N.V.D. to return to the Dougherty household. The appellant assumes the quality of
evidence gleaned from three extra months of contact would have improved her chances of
convincing the jury that she was capable of parenting, but she does not specify what
additional evidence would have been developed had the home visits commenced on an
earlier date. As it was, Dougherty was not deprived of access to her child during the
period of time in question and the jury did hear testimony about home visits.
The appellant asserts that "[s]ince no permanency review hearing was conducted the
Court could not determine whether the intervention by the grandmother, parenting classes,
or a change of circumstances would alleviate or mitigate the cause necessitating the
placement of the child in foster care or work towards reunification of the family."
Actually, the trial court conducted three permanency review hearings. Parenting classes
and intervention by the maternal grandmother did not affect the placement of the child in
November 2000, so we have no reason to believe that those factors would have differently
influenced the court in August 2000. The delay in conducting a subsequent permanency
hearing was unfortunate. However, that delay was attributable to Dougherty's requests
to continue the trial setting, and trial counsel's failure to timely request a permanency
review hearing. The trial court conducted the hearing as soon as the lapse was brought to
its attention, and the appellant has not demonstrated that the delay probably caused the
rendition of an improper judgment. Further, we believe that, had trial counsel timely
requested a permanency review hearing, and the court denied the request, the proper
remedy would be to file a writ of mandamus with the appellate court. Issue one is
overruled.
Issue two urges, "The Department failed to make reasonable efforts toward
reunification after the removal of the child as set forth by the statutory guidelines." The
appellant argues that the Department violated federal law by not making reasonable efforts
towards reunification of the family. See 42 U.S.C.A. § 671(a)(15) (West Supp. 2002).
Our legislature implicitly incorporated the requirements for federal funding into the Family
Code. See Tex. Fam. Code Ann. §§ 261.001- 265.003 (Vernon 2002)(Subtitle E,
Protection of the Child). In its initial order for protection, the trial court found that "all
reasonable efforts, consistent with time and circumstances and pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §§
671(a)(15) and 672(a)(1), have been made by the Petitioner to prevent or eliminate the
need for removal of the child the subject of this suit from the home and to make it possible
for the child to return home, but it is not in the child's best interest to remain at home."
At that time, the Department had provided family-based services for two months, including
in-home counseling, a psychological examination for Dougherty, day care, and payment
of an electric bill. Dougherty does not dispute the propriety of the initial removal, but
argues that the trial court erred in failing to grant her Motion Notwithstanding the Verdict
based upon the Department's subsequent failure to make reasonable efforts to reunify the
family. The original petition pleaded for termination as an alternative to reunification.
The family service plan dated October 5, 1999, identifies adoption as the Department's
long range goal for permanency.
The requirement to show by clear and convincing evidence that the termination is
in the best interest of the child subsumes the reunification issue and guarantees the
constitutionality of termination proceeding. Edwards v. Texas Dep't of Protective and
Regulatory Servs., 946 S.W.2d 130, 139 (Tex. App.--El Paso 1997, no writ). A separate
consideration of alternatives to termination is not required. Id. Therefore, we will
consider issue two in conjunction with the appellant's challenge to the jury's finding that
the parent-child relationship between Dougherty and N.V.D. should be terminated.
Issue three contends the "evidence was factually insufficient to support the jury
finding that termination of the appellant's parental rights was in the best interest of the
child." The appellate standard for reviewing termination findings is whether the evidence
is such that a factfinder could reasonably form a firm belief or conviction about the truth
of the State's allegations. Interest of C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25 (Tex. 2002). The factors
examined in ascertaining the best interest of a child include: 1) the desires of the child; 2)
the emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the future; 3) the emotional and
physical danger to the child now and in the future; 4) the parental abilities of the
individuals seeking custody; 5) the programs available to assist these individuals to
promote the best interest of the child; 6) the plans for the child by these individuals or by
the agency seeking custody; 7) the stability of the home or proposed placement; 8) the acts
or omissions of the parent which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship
is not a proper one; and 9) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent. See Holley
v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371-72 (Tex. 1976).
The appellant argues that N.V.D.'s treating physician misdiagnosed him with failure
to thrive due to failure to feed. The medical evidence supports the diagnosis. At birth
N.V.D. weighed eight pounds, above average, and was twenty inches in height. By three
months of age, N.V.D. had fallen to the 5th percentile on the weight chart. Dougherty's
testifying expert, a pediatrician named Allen Kline testified that a baby experiencing a lack
of caloric intake should rapidly advance to the 10th to 75th percentile on the growth chart
once he is cared for properly. Dr. Kline did not see a rapid weight gain following removal
in N.V.D.'s case. Generally speaking, some children initially diagnosed as failure to
thrive actually have constitutional growth failure. After examining the child, Dr. Kline
reported that he could neither say that N.V.D. had failure to thrive, nor that N.V.D. did
not have failure to thrive. On September 6, 2000, he stated, "After review of all the
medical records available, it appears that the mother and maternal grandmother are
incompetent care givers and that this child would flourish better in a caring foster
environment. They both smoke and neither seem to understand the importance of staying
with the child while hospitalized. They also went to the ER after midnight with a two
week old rash." After examining the child a second time, on October 17, 2000, Dr. Kline
reported that, at two years of age, N.V.D.'s skeletal bone age was delayed six months.
Dr. Kline stated, "This in itself is not a diagnostic finding to separate organic from non-organic [failure to thrive] but does add to the definition that [failure to thrive] does exist."
At trial, Dr. Kline stated that he could rule out an organic cause for N.V.D.'s failure to
thrive and agreed that the May 1999 diagnosis of failure to thrive was "an adequate
judgment."
While an intern, Dr. Emily Frye attended N.V.D. during his July 1999
hospitalization for failure to thrive and severe eczema. She was told that the maternal
grandmother was the child's primary care giver. She recalled that N.V.D. was usually
alone in the hospital, although the family was asked to stay with him. The child gained
70 grams every day that he was hospitalized. The family was provided with a food plan
and medication for the eczema; they were encouraged to make a food journal for recording
everything eaten by the child. They were told not to smoke around the child. Further
monitoring revealed that N.V.D.'s growth rate and skin condition worsened. Dougherty
never personally brought the child to the clinic after the hospitalization. In August 1999,
Frye reported that the child, who had gained one pound while hospitalized, had decreased
in weight from 18 pounds 6 ounces to 17 pounds 12 ounces from his previous visit. When
N.V.D. was hospitalized in September, Dr. Frye noted that neither the mother nor the
grandmother was following the instructions for the baby's care. When Dr. Frye told the
grandmother that N.V.D. needed to be given his bottle, the grandmother placed the bottle
in the crib without picking up the child or encouraging him to feed. When Dr. Frye
examined him in September 2000, N.V.D. was still below normal in weight, but his length
and head circumference were catching up. The curve indicated on N.V.D.'s growth chart
was a positive finding.
Dr. Glenn Minter, Emily Frye's supervising physician, testified that N.V.D's
weight became lower on the graph than the length and the head circumference, indicating
failure to thrive. Medical tests revealed no organic cause for the condition. Dr. Minter
testified that a non-organic cause of failure to thrive usually implies lack of feeding, care,
and attention. The medical personnel treating N.V.D. in September 1999 noted in
N.V.D.'s medical records that N.V.D. was not being adequately changed and fed, that his
mother yelled at the baby for vomiting and did not hold him, and she was "very oblivious
to the child's needs." In Dr. Minter's opinion, N.V.D.'s major problem was failure to
thrive for failure to feed.
Dr. Kline opined that Dougherty's rights should not be terminated because she has
not abused the child; her problem is a lack of parenting skills. He noted that by obtaining
a certificate of completion of a course of Systematic Training for Effective Parenting,
Dougherty, her mother, and her mother's companion had demonstrated that they really did
want the child. Dougherty also relies upon the testimony of the Department's
psychologist, Michael R. Gilhousen, that a person with an I.Q. of 69, such as the
appellant, is capable of learning. However, Gilhousen, also testified that, in his opinion,
Dougherty would not be able to raise her child on her own. According to Gilhousen, the
appellant suffers from a mental or emotional illness or mental deficiency that renders her
unable to care for the physical, emotional, and mental needs of the child, now and
throughout his minority.
The Department argues that N.V.D. is medically needy due to severe eczema and
allergies. He requires daily skin treatments and a weekly allergy shot. He is allergic to
cigarette smoke, and Dougherty has not quit smoking. Neither have the other two adult
occupants of the home. At trial, Dougherty could not recall what N.V.D.'s food allergies
were, but stated that a list was on the refrigerator. The lack of bonding between mother
and child was noted by the hospital staff. Dougherty does not have a high school diploma
or GED; she is unemployed and supported entirely by her mother. Dougherty's mother
testified that she had previously made a sworn statement that it was not in N.V.D.'s best
interest for Dougherty to be his sole managing conservator. Although Dougherty's mother
was willing to raise the child at the time of trial, she had initially declined to accept
responsibility for the child and had been referred to Child Protective Services several times
during Dougherty's childhood. The grandmother indicated that appellant had been called
a failure-to-thrive baby too. She testified that she had been effectively acting as N.V.D.'s
mother during the time he was diagnosed with failure to thrive and removed from her
home.
Dougherty contends that there is no evidence to establish that the emotional and
physical needs of the child, now and in the future, would be met by the termination of the
parent-child relationship. We understand the appellant's argument to be that, by failing
to work to reunify the family, the Department failed to rule out the possibility that skills
gained in her parenting classes would enable her to raise N.V.D. Dougherty did not
describe what skills she developed or training she received in her parenting class. Neither
could Dougherty's mother relate her experience with the parent class that she took in
September, other than to say, "Well, I believe anytime you take up anything like that, you
are going to learn something. You learn to be a little more patient, listen a little more.
Don't jump the gun so fast, so to speak." The jury heard testimony regarding the in-home
visit on December 19, 2000. The CASA advocate, Sharon Kerr, testified that, over the
course of observing eleven visits at the Department and five hours of in-home visits, it was
very apparent to her that Dougherty did not know how to properly care for the child.
Although she did not smell smoke when she arrived for the in-home visit, by the time she
left both she and the baby reeked of smoke because Dougherty kept going to a bedroom
to smoke. The foster mother had provided food, but at lunch time, the Doughertys made
no effort to feed the child.
We must give due consideration to the evidence that the jury could have found to
be clear and convincing. Unless its finding is so against the great weight of the evidence
that it is clearly wrong and unjust, we cannot disturb the jury's verdict. Although
appellant disputed the medical diagnosis of failure to thrive for failure to feed, the totality
of the evidence is more than sufficient to allow the factfinder to form a firm belief or
conviction that the diagnosis was accurate. The evidence that Dougherty was incapable
of ever caring for N.V.D. on her own was essentially unchallenged. The extent and
efficacy of the family support system was disputed, but the jury could reasonably form a
firm belief or conclusion that the support available to Dougherty would not be sufficient
to enable her to meet N.V.D.'s needs. Notwithstanding the evidence that the Department
never considered reunification as a viable plan for permanency in this case, the evidence
is not so weak that the jury could not form a firm belief that termination of the mother's
parental rights was in the child's best interest. Issues two and three are overruled. The
judgment is affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
PER CURIAM
Submitted on February 6, 2003
Opinion Delivered March 13, 2003
Before McKeithen, C.J., Burgess and Gaultney, JJ.
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77 F.3d 1304
John M. MERRETT, Solomon Clayton, Jr., Cecelia A. Clayton,Plaintiffs-Appellants,v.James T. MOORE, Commissioner, FDLE, Leonard Mellon, Exec.Director, Florida Dept. of Highway Safety & MotorVehicles, Lawrence Crow, Chief, LakelandPolice Dept., Jerald Vaughn,Defendants-Appellees.
No. 93-2510.
United States Court of Appeals,Eleventh Circuit.
Feb. 26, 1996.
Edward W. Stafman, Stafman & Friedlander, Tallahassee, FL, for appellants.
Charlie McCoy, James A. Peters, Asst. Atty. Gen., Dept. of Legal Affairs, Tallahassee, FL, for Mellon, Butterworth and Dempsey.
John P. Booth, Asst. General Counsel, Charlie McCoy, Fla. Dept. of Law Enforcement, Tallahassee, FL, for Moore & Dempsey.
Reynolds E. Pitts, Jr., Fuller, Johnson & Farrell, P.A., Pensacola, FL, Patrick J. Farrell, Robert W. Ritsch, Fuller, Johnson & Farrell, P.A., Tallahassee, FL, for Cities of Lakeland, Mailtand & Largo Police Depts., Crow, Doyle, Vaughn and Ervin.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida (No. TCA 84-7198-WS); William Stafford, Judge.
ON PETITION FOR REHEARING EN BANC
(Opinion July 25, 1995, 11th Cir., 58 F.3d 1547)
Before TJOFLAT, Chief Judge, KRAVITCH, HATCHETT, ANDERSON, EDMONDSON, COX, BIRCH, DUBINA, BLACK, CARNES and BARKETT, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
1
The Court having been polled at the request of one of the members of the Court and a majority of the Circuit Judges who are in regular active service not having voted in favor of it (Rule 35, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure; Eleventh Circuit Rule 35-5), the Suggestion of Rehearing En Banc is DENIED.
2
BARKETT, Circuit Judge, dissenting, in which KRAVITCH and HATCHETT, Circuit Judges, join:
3
I respectfully dissent from the court's denial of en banc rehearing in this case, which makes us the first circuit court in the country to legalize roadblocks to intercept illegal drugs. Such a case deserves careful consideration by the entire court.
4
Heretofore, federal courts have allowed very few exceptions to the Fourth Amendment requirement that law enforcement officers possess at least articulable suspicion before stopping a vehicle: namely, at fixed checkpoints near border crossings to preclude illegal immigration, United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, 428 U.S. 543, 566-67, 96 S.Ct. 3074, 3086-87, 49 L.Ed.2d 1116 (1976); and at fixed and temporary checkpoints to ensure compliance with traffic-related laws, such as driver license, vehicle registration and drunk driving laws, see Michigan Dept. of State Police v. Sitz, 496 U.S. 444, 455, 110 S.Ct. 2481, 2488, 110 L.Ed.2d 412 (1990); United States v. McFayden, 865 F.2d 1306, 1313 (D.C.Cir.1989).
5
This case, however, upholds temporary, unannounced roadblocks established on the pretext of ensuring compliance with traffic-related laws, but admittedly designed to intercept illegal drugs. While law enforcement officers checked driver licenses and vehicle registrations at the roadblocks, other officers walked drug dogs around the vehicles to sniff for illegal drugs. Motorists could not leave the line leading up to a roadblock without being chased down by an officer and subjected to a license and registration check and a drug-dog sniff of their vehicles. Illegal drugs were found in only one of the 1300 vehicles stopped.
6
During prohibition seventy years ago, the Supreme Court observed that "[i]t would be intolerable and unreasonable if a prohibition agent were authorized to stop every automobile on the chance of finding liquor...." Carroll v. United States, 267 U.S. 132, 153-54, 45 S.Ct. 280, 285, 69 L.Ed. 543 (1925) (emphasis added). In my view, permitting law enforcement officers to stop every vehicle at a roadblock based on the mere possibility that one or more of the vehicles passing through will contain illegal drugs--evidence of a crime completely unrelated to highway safety--is similarly intolerable and unreasonable. The en banc court should carefully consider the ramifications of extending the roadblock exception to permit such roadblocks.
7
Likewise, the entire court should consider the following conclusions underlying the opinion:
8
I. A roadblock established on the pretext of ensuring compliance with traffic-related laws, but admittedly designed to intercept illegal drugs, is not unreasonably pretextual and therefore unconstitutional;
9
II. The reasonableness of a roadblock seizure can be determined under the balancing test of Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47, 99 S.Ct. 2637, 61 L.Ed.2d 357 (1979), without giving any consideration to the roadblock's primary purpose--the interception of illegal drugs--or to the roadblock's effectiveness, or lack thereof, in serving that purpose; and
10
III. A motorist in a line leading up to a roadblock is not "seized" under the Fourth Amendment, where a law enforcement officer in a patrol car is visibly positioned to, and does, chase down motorists who leave the line, and subjects the motorists to a license and registration check and the car to a canine sniff.
11
* The panel holds that "where the state has one lawful purpose sufficient to justify a roadblock [such as a license and registration check], that the state also uses the roadblock to intercept illegal drugs does not render the roadblock unconstitutional." Merrett v. Moore, 58 F.3d 1547, 1550-51 (11th Cir.1995). Under our longstanding precedent, however, when a law enforcement officer stops a car on the basis of a traffic violation to investigate the possibility that the car is carrying drugs, the stop is unconstitutional if a reasonable officer would not have made the traffic stop in the absence of the illegitimate motive. See, e.g., United States v. Valdez, 931 F.2d 1448, 1451 (11th Cir.1991); Amador-Gonzalez v. United States, 391 F.2d 308, 313 (5th Cir.1968).
12
In this case, the government conceded that it would not have established the roadblocks absent its desire to intercept drugs. The panel, however, finds our pretext cases inapplicable because they involved roving rather than roadblock stops. The panel reasons that because "one officer's individual discretion does not affect the determination of who is stopped [at roadblocks] ..., the pretext analysis, as set out in our [roving patrol] precedents, does not fit...." Merrett, 58 F.3d at 1550 n. 2.
13
Police officer discretion is not the primary concern of our pretext cases, however. While these cases recognize the danger posed by the discretion exercised by officers on roving patrol, they are grounded on the more fundamental concern that officers will attempt to evade the requirements of the Fourth Amendment by using a traffic stop to detain someone for a purpose that would not lawfully support a detention. In both cases, "the police engage[ ] in a deliberate scheme to evade the requirements of the Fourth Amendment...." Amador-Gonzalez, 391 F.2d at 314 (quotation omitted). Moreover, the problem with discretion continues to exist with roadblocks, but at a higher level. A discriminatory purpose easily could lead to the establishment of roadblocks at the ingress or egress to particularly unfavored neighborhoods.
14
Although the Supreme Court has not directly considered the question of pretextual stops, it has indicated that this type of roadblock is unreasonably pretextual and therefore unconstitutional. In Texas v. Brown, 460 U.S. 730, 103 S.Ct. 1535, 75 L.Ed.2d 502 (1983), the Court reviewed a decision where a court had suppressed evidence seized at a roadblock on the ground that the officer had to change his position in order to see the evidence, allegedly rendering the plain-view doctrine inapplicable. Id. at 734-35, 103 S.Ct. at 1539-40. Holding that the plain view doctrine did apply, the Court emphasized that there was "no suggestion that the roadblock was a pretext whereby evidence of [a] narcotics violation might be uncovered in 'plain view' in the course of a check for driver's licenses." Id. at 743, 103 S.Ct. at 1544; see also South Dakota v. Opperman, 428 U.S. 364, 376, 96 S.Ct. 3092, 3100, 49 L.Ed.2d 1000 (1976) (upholding inventory search because "there is no suggestion whatever that this standard procedure ... was a pretext concealing an investigatory police motive").
15
As the Tenth Circuit explained in United States v. Morales-Zamora, 974 F.2d 149 (10th Cir.1992), when considering a roadblock identical to the ones before us, "[i]t would seem to follow [from the opinion in Texas v. Brown ] that had the roadblock [there], which was designed to check for driver's licenses and registration, been but a pretext to look for "plain view" evidence of more serious crimes, the seizure of the [evidence] would have constituted a violation under the Fourth Amendment." Id. at 152. Applying Brown, the court reasoned as follows: "[h]aving concluded that the primary reason for the roadblock stop of Zamora's car was not to check her driver's license, but to ascertain, with the aid of an ever-present sniffing canine, whether she possessed drugs, it follows that the stop was pretextual and all that occurred thereafter was tainted." Id. at 153; see also McFayden, 865 F.2d at 1312-13 (observing that driver license roadblock could be conducted in a way indicating that its principal purpose was to detect crimes unrelated to licensing, in which case "a subterfuge might result in an infringement of Fourth Amendment rights").
II
16
The panel also holds that the roadblock seizures were reasonable under the test set forth in Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47, 99 S.Ct. 2637, 61 L.Ed.2d 357 (1979). Under this test, the reasonableness of a seizure is determined by balancing " the gravity of the public concerns served by the seizure, the degree to which the seizure advances the public interest, and the severity of the interference with individual liberty." Id. at 51, 99 S.Ct. at 2640. The Supreme Court has explained that "[w]hat is reasonable, of course, depends on all of the circumstances surrounding the search or seizure and the nature of the search or seizure itself." Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Ass'n, 489 U.S. 602, 619, 109 S.Ct. 1402, 1414, 103 L.Ed.2d 639 (1989) (emphasis added; quotation omitted).
17
In determining the reasonableness of the roadblock seizures, however, the panel does not consider all of the circumstances surrounding the seizures. Instead, it focuses exclusively on the driver license and vehicle registration aspects of the roadblocks, that is, on the public's interest in ensuring compliance with license and registration laws and on the roadblock's effectiveness in advancing that interest. See Merrett, 58 F.3d at 1551-53. By ignoring the primary purpose of the roadblocks--intercepting illegal drugs--and the ineffectiveness of the roadblocks in serving that purpose, the panel, in my view, fails to engage in a meaningful balancing under Brown and Skinner, and loses sight of the historical concern with protecting citizens from wholesale governmental searches and seizures in the absence of probable cause or reasonable suspicion.
III
18
Finally, the panel concludes that the intrusiveness of the roadblocks was minimal, largely because it finds that the motorists were "seized" only after they reached the front of the line leading up to the roadblocks. The motorists were seized while waiting in line, however, if "the police conduct would have communicated to a reasonable [motorist] that the [motorist] was not free" to leave the line. Florida v. Bostick, 501 U.S. 429, 439, 111 S.Ct. 2382, 2389, 115 L.Ed.2d 389 (1991); United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544, 551-55, 100 S.Ct. 1870, 1875-78, 64 L.Ed.2d 497 (1980).
19
The evidence showed that before reaching the actual roadblocks, some motorists waited in line for up to forty-five minutes (during rush hour) with no viable alternate routes and an officer in a chase car positioned to stop any motorist attempting to leave. The evidence further showed that motorists who left the line were stopped by an officer and subjected to license and registration checks and drug-dog sniffs of their cars. It seems pretty clear to me that this evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the motorists, supports a finding that a reasonable motorist would not have felt free to leave the line.
20
The panel reasons that the presence of the chase car "just as likely assures motorists that they can expedite their confrontation with law enforcement by turning around." Merrett, 58 F.3d at 1552 n. 10. Expediting the encounter, however, is not the same as ending the encounter. In my view, freedom to leave the line means freedom to leave the line without being stopped. See Bostick, 501 U.S. at 439, 111 S.Ct. at 2389 (emphasizing that defendant may not have been seized because he might have felt free to "terminate the encounter"); Mendenhall, 446 U.S. at 555, 100 S.Ct. at 1878 (finding no seizure where defendant had no reason to believe "she was not free to end the conversation [with law enforcement officers] ... and proceed on her way ") (emphasis added). Thus, a reasonable factfinder could find that the motorists were seized not only at the roadblock, but also while waiting in line, significantly increasing the intrusiveness of the seizures.
21
I believe the panel further minimizes the intrusiveness of the roadblocks by limiting its intrusiveness analysis to the stop's duration. In Sitz, the Supreme Court confirmed that a stop's intrusiveness on motorists' privacy interests is not limited to the duration of the stop, but includes "the fear and surprise engendered in law-abiding motorists by the nature of the stop." Sitz, 496 U.S. at 452, 110 S.Ct. at 2486; see also Skinner, 489 U.S. at 619, 109 S.Ct. at 1414 (holding that reasonableness of seizure depends on all surrounding circumstances). The temporary, unannounced roadblocks in this case were set up in such a way that motorists could not avoid an encounter involving numerous officers handling aggressive police dogs; indeed, at least one motorist was attacked by a dog. The panel's analysis, however, does not consider the fear and surprise that such a sight would engender in a law-abiding motorist.
IV
22
As the Supreme Court has observed,
23
Automobile travel is a basic, pervasive, and often necessary mode of transportation to and from one's home, workplace, and leisure activities. Many people spend more hours each day traveling in cars than walking on the streets. Undoubtedly, many find a greater sense of security and privacy in traveling in an automobile than they do in exposing themselves by pedestrian or other modes of travel. Were the individual subject to unfettered governmental intrusion every time he entered an automobile, the security guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment would be seriously circumscribed.
24
Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U.S. 648, 662-63, 99 S.Ct. 1391, 1400-01, 59 L.Ed.2d 660 (1979). In my view, this opinion comes perilously close to permitting unfettered government intrusion on the privacy interests of all motorists. For this reason and those discussed above, I would grant rehearing en banc.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
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|
901 F.Supp. 22 (1995)
Judith A. LaCHAPELLE, Plaintiff,
v.
FECHTOR, DETWILER & CO., INC., Defendant.
Civ. No. 95-149-P-H.
United States District Court, D. Maine.
September 8, 1995.
*23 Steven P. Beale, Skelton, Taintor & Abbott, Auburn, ME, for Plaintiff.
Peter S. Plumb, Ann M. Courtney, Murray, Plumb & Murray, Portland, ME, for Defendant.
ORDER ON MOTION TO DISMISS
HORNBY, District Judge.
Judith LaChapelle has sued her former husband's former employer to recover part of a retirement account (a simplified employee pension-individual retirement account a "SEP[1]-IRA") awarded her in a *24 divorce decree. The employer has resisted, claiming that it is entitled to everything in the account because of the husband's fraud against the company. The employer removed the lawsuit to federal court because it contains a federal claim under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act ("ERISA"), 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq. I conclude that the divorced spouse has no right to recover under ERISA. I therefore DISMISS the ERISA count (Count I) and REMAND the state law claim, Count II, to state court.
According to the complaint, Ronald LaChapelle was employed by Fechtor, Detwiler & Co., Inc. and maintained a SEP-IRA. A June 17, 1991, separation and divorce agreement between Ronald LaChapelle and the plaintiff Judith LaChapelle awarded her a one-half interest in the SEP-IRA. The employer, however, refuses to distribute to her any part of the SEP-IRA claiming that the funds resulted from criminal activity by her former husband.
ERISA provides coverage only of "employee benefit plans." 29 U.S.C. § 1003(a). There are only three kinds of such plans: welfare benefit plans, pension benefit plans and plans that are both. 29 U.S.C. § 1002(3). Judith LaChapelle argues that a SEP-IRA is a welfare benefit plan under ERISA. It is not. If the SEP-IRA label alone were not enough simplified employee pension-individual retirement account the regulations make clear that a SEP-IRA is not a welfare plan:
the terms "employee welfare benefit plan" and "welfare plan" are defined in section 3(1) of the Act to include plans providing "(i) medical, surgical, or hospital care or benefits, or benefits in the event of sickness, accident, disability, death or unemployment, or vacation benefits, apprenticeship or other training programs, or day care centers, scholarship funds, or prepaid legal services, or (ii) any benefit described in section 302(c) of the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (other than pensions on retirement or death, and insurance to provide such pensions)."
29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-1(a)(2). SEP-IRAs simply do not fit the definition. Instead, they are a "simplified employee pension," 26 U.S.C. § 408(k)(1), using the vehicle of an "individual retirement account or individual retirement annuity." Id. Nothing in the regulations suggests that SEP-IRAs should be considered welfare benefit plans. The fact that the regulations exclude IRAs (not SEP-IRAs) from the definition of "employee pension benefit plan" and "pension plan," 29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-2(d), does not thereby turn IRAs or SEP-IRAs into welfare benefit plans.[2]
I do not decide whether a SEP-IRA is a pension benefit plan because the plaintiff concedes that it is not[3] and because LaChapelle *25 lacks standing to bring this ERISA action for breach of fiduciary duty under ERISA, 29 U.S.C. § 1109. Such a civil enforcement action may be brought by the Secretary of Labor, a participant, beneficiary or fiduciary. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2). LaChapelle is none of these. She is not a "beneficiary" because she was not designated by her former husband as a beneficiary. 29 U.S.C. § 1002(8). To be sure, she is a divorcee with a decree assigning her rights in the account, and Part 2 of the statute, which sets forth Participation and Vesting Requirements, provides that an "alternate payee" under a "qualified domestic relations order" (QDRO) shall also be considered a beneficiary. Unfortunately for LaChapelle, Part 2 also excludes all IRAs described in section 408 of Title 26. 29 U.S.C. § 1051(6). SEP-IRAs are specifically described in I.R.C. § 408(k). Thus, LaChapelle cannot be an alternate payee.
Finally, LaChapelle also asserts beneficiary status under ERISA because her divorce decree satisfies the standards for an IRA transfer incident to a divorce. I.R.C. § 408(d)(6); § 71(b)(2). Under the Internal Revenue Code, such a transfer
is not to be considered a taxable transfer made by such individual notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, and such interest at the time of the transfer is to be treated as an individual retirement account of such spouse, and not of such individual. Thereafter, such account or annuity for purposes of this subtitle is to be treated as maintained for the benefit of such spouse.
26 U.S.C. § 408(d)(6). This statutory provision is directed at tax treatment of IRAs, not at standing as a beneficiary or alternate payee to bring an ERISA civil enforcement action. See Reklau v. Merchants Nat'l Corp., 808 F.2d 628, 631 (7th Cir.1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1049, 107 S.Ct. 2180, 95 L.Ed.2d 836 (1987) (Internal Revenue Code provisions do not create substantive rights under ERISA that can be enforced by an individual in a private cause of action as a participant under a tax-qualified pension plan (citing Cowan v. Keystone Employee Profit Sharing Fund, 586 F.2d 888, 890 n. 3 (1st Cir.1978) ("This section [I.R.C. § 401] does not appear to create any substantive rights that a beneficiary of a qualified retirement trust can enforce.")). Thus, the plaintiff has no standing to bring a civil enforcement action under ERISA by virtue of the provisions of I.R.C. § 408(d)(6). Kwatcher v. Massachusetts Serv. Employees Pension Fund, 879 F.2d 957, 965 (1st Cir.1989) (ERISA standing provisions are to be construed narrowly).
Accordingly, the motion to dismiss Count I is GRANTED and the remainder of the action is REMANDED to state court.[4]
SO ORDERED.
NOTES
[1] "A SEP is a plan pursuant to which an employer makes direct contributions to its employees' individual retirement accounts or individual retirement annuities as defined under I.R.C. §§ 408(a) and (b). 26 U.S.C. § 408(k). An essential characteristic of a SEP is that the employee must be permitted to make withdrawals from the plan. 26 U.S.C. § 408(k)(4)." In re Taft, 171 B.R. 497, 498 (Bankr.E.D.N.Y.1994) (footnote omitted).
[2] In the statutory lists defining coverage under various parts of ERISA, welfare benefit plans are separate categories from IRAs. See 29 U.S.C. §§ 1051(1), (6) and 1081(a)(1), (6).
[3] The issue is otherwise arguable. The Department of Labor regulation that clarifies "employee pension benefit plan" excludes only those IRAs "described in section 408(a) of the [Internal Revenue] Code." SEP-IRAs are described at I.R.C. § 408(k) (emphasis added). The regulation's other exclusions also do not fit SEP-IRAs:
(i) No contributions are made by the employer or employee association; (ii) Participation is completely voluntary for employees or members; (iii) The sole involvement of the employer or employee organization is without endorsement to permit the sponsors to publicize the program to employees or members, to collect contributions through payroll deductions or dues checkoffs and to remit them to the sponsor; and (iv) The employer or employee organization receives no consideration....
29 C.F.R. § 2510.3-2(d). Instead, the main purpose of SEP-IRAs is to enable employer contributions, I.R.C. § 408(k)(1)-(3), and once an employer establishes a SEP-IRA, all eligible employees must participate. I.R.C. § 408(2). Moreover, the Department of Labor's refusal to address the question whether SEP-IRAs are subject to ERISA would seem at least to signal uncertainty as to the answer. Dep't Labor Op. Letter # 81-026A (March 3, 1981) ("... [in this letter] the Department is not rendering[,] an opinion as to whether the SEP proposed by the Company is an employee pension benefit plan.... [But] when employees roll over funds from SEP-IRAs connected with an employer's SEP to deposit them in separate IRAs, which otherwise are not employee pension benefit plans within the meaning of ERISA section 3(2)(A) as clarified by regulation section 2510.3-2(d), the IRAs receiving such funds do not thereby become IRAs meeting the definition of an `employee pension benefit plan' within the meaning of ERISA title I.") See In re Schlein, No. 90-0594-CIVORL18, 1992 WL 404741, at *4 (M.D.Fla. June 23, 1992), rev'd on other grounds, 8 F.3d 745, 747 (11th Cir.1993).
[4] Oral argument would not be helpful on the issues as framed and the plaintiff's request for oral argument is therefore DENIED.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
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Q:
Отобразить миллисекунды при переводе времени в строку в Delphi?
Как отобразить миллисекунды в данном коде
В глобальной переменной Var пишу:
T, T1: TDateTime;
В самой процедуре пишу:
Begin
................................
////////Перед началом цикла
T := Time;
................................
///////В конце цикла
ShowMessage( 'Время работы: ' + TimeToStr(Time - T));
И у меня результат выводиться в 0:00:00, то есть часы, минуты, секунды, но нет миллисекунд. Как их добавить?
A:
ShowMessage(FormatDateTime('h:n:s.z', T));
Выведет время с миллисекундами:
08:41:13.004
P.S. Типичная точность замера времени без использования специальных классов - около 16мс (если мне не изменяет память). Стандартная точность хранения миллисекунд в TDateTime около 2-3мсек.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Q:
How to modify '{}' argument passed to -exec by the find command?
I have find command like this:
find <some criteria> -exec echo "{}" \;
But I would like to modify "{}" argument before echo is called.
For example deprive it of the first path segment (${variable#*/}) and leave the rest.
I know that I can call another script after -exec but I prefer to have everything in one script.
Is it possible?
A:
you can use an inline sh-script:
find tmp -exec sh -c 'basename "{}" | wc' \;
A:
You can just pipe it to sed like this:
find <some criteria> | sed "s,.#*/,,"
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Federal definitions of rurality and the impact on nursing research.
In rural health research, the measurement of rural residence is commonly dichotomized as urban or rural, even though researchers encourage the use of more descriptive categories to capture rural diversity. Federal categorization schemes for operationalizing rural locations include United States Census Bureau definitions, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) classifications, and categorizations developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)--Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCC), Urban Influence Codes (UIC), and Rural-Urban Commuting Areas. When categorizing states by rurality, the choice of the measure used influences which states are identified as most rural. We demonstrate this premise in a study of rural home healthcare.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Haggart
Haggart may refer to:
Alastair Haggart, British priest
Alexander Haggart (1848–1927), Canadian judge and politician
Bob Haggart (1914–1998), American musician
David Haggart (1801–1821), Scottish criminal
George Haggart, Scottish curler
John Graham Haggart (1836–1913), Canadian politician
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{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
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A Daily Dose of Insight and Common Sense
The fast food philosophies couldn’t be farther apart. It comes down to choice and whether or not you want to make one. No one sits forever at In-N-Out unable to make a decision. You can count the possible items on one hand. Of course there are a few insider options for those who know the system, but their entire menu would be legible on a postage stamp. Sonic’s menu could fill a billboard in 12 pt. font. It has over 168,000 drink combinations, not including shakes and coffee drinks. Breakfast is served all day and you can customize every combo, burger, coney, sandwich, wrap, salad, side order (way to many to list), or dessert. You can run down a car battery with just the radio on well before you’ve read all the options (so there are lots of pictures). This extraordinary country was founded on the principle of freedom. Freedom comes from being able to make our own choices: on religion, political opinion, education, health care, and even what we eat. Don’t get me wrong, I love In-N-Out, and would choose an In-N-Out burger over a Sonic burger every time, but I don’t always want a burger. I’m glad I still live in a country where I have the power to make my own decisions, even if they are not always the best ones for me. We need to encourage competition, reduce the red tape, and eliminate unconstitutional regulations that give preferences to or punish certain businesses or industries. The consumer is smart enough to make the big (and little) decisions when given the choice. Capitalism allows us to learn from our mistakes, rather than be restricted from making any.
The form of legal tender has probably been the most evolving element of our relatively new society. We have gone from genuine metal coin and barters to a gold backed dollar, and then to mere paper with only contrived value. Credit, now the most popular form of funds, exchanges the hope of potential wealth. We wager on futures. Investments are made on artificial assets, mere illusions. Exploiting that system will critically damage any economy. The castle has been built on a cloud. The question to ask now is, “Can it be repaired?” At this point, bringing the financial system back down to earth will require desperate measures, but it is still possible. The key to any workable solution will have to include returning to a system built on honest value. The present trend has led to instability and if we continue on, to collapse. Following that path the next logical currency exchanged will be power. — If the dollar falls, so does freedom.
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The most miserable of classroom assignments: there are always those who do the majority of the work, those who sleep on the job, those frustrated because their opinion doesn’t matter, and everyone shares in the graded outcome. Unions have stifled economic growth, suppressed innovation, and weakened the workforce. The workers only have the rights that labor legislation and the union permit. A person’s rights are surrendered to the union, and an individual has no right to choose representation, ask for a raise, or negotiate on their own behalf. Wages and benefits are decided by union contracts based on the collective; there is no meritocracy. Collective rights leave no liberty to the individual, no freedom to succeed, and no motivation to move beyond the mediocre. Those who don’t join the union are still dominated by it. Exclusive representation, fixed wages, and dues are still required. Their only difference: no union vote. The real “free-riders” are those who benefit from the talent and work ethic of others. Employees should sink or swim based on their own merits, rather than forcing everyone into the same boat. The government, courts, and unions, all try to answer the question, “What is fair?” Isn’t the individual worker the best person to decide what is in their best interest? This current system is pass/fail. We need the opportunity to surpass the set standards and achieve excellence.
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Violence, vandalism, and verbal assaults are just a few of the indiscretions forgiven to protect the First Amendment. But what rights do law-abiding citizens have under that same Constitution? Do you have the right to infringe on another’s rights? Does freedom of speech imply freedom of means? Is method protected by protestors’ rights? It was ruled in Oregon that riding bicycles naked was allowed because it was done as a protest. The laws of indecent exposure were suspended due to freedom of speech. The bare cyclists were not protesting clothing, they were against SUVs. Are all laws subject to freedom? Aren’t all crimes merely forms of expression, one person saying that their rights take priority over another’s? What law could stand if personal liberties always took precedence?
Freedom is the right to be wrong… not do wrong. – John G. Diefenbaker
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Any possible good intentions of socialism soon transform. It is about power; government grows naturally if not kept at bay. Before long the werewolf emerges. Private sector entities are now being plucked from the herd at an alarming rate: banks, car companies, the health care industry, and others. If they aren’t down yet, they are bleeding out. The free-market is slowly being devoured. Free speech and other constitutional rights are being nibbled away at. Many who realize what is happening are trying to shepherd us out of this mess only to be attacked. There are so many still blindly following like sheep. The current administration refuses to see, or is leading us down the path to destruction. Many ask why they don’t see the demise of that destination. It is because a wolf in sheep’s clothing deceives himself by pulling the wool over his own eyes.
The original Boston Tea Party was the culmination of “No Tax without Representation.” The media and those uninvolved in the movement today place an assumed emphasis on the word “tax.” The vast majority of the movement has no problem with paying taxes; they only want “representation.” The colonists rallied against the tyranny of the English government. They simply wanted a voice for their service to the crown. The Tea Partiers of today feel that the current leaders of this country don’t hear their voices, share their values, or even value the opinions of those they represent. They work for the people, not big business, special interests, or their own pocket books. The movement began under President Bush with the passage of TARP, and yet it is slandered for being racist and anti-Obama. Tea Partiers assemble on tax day to remind the government of whose money they are spending. But they are patriots that also meet as often as the 4th of July, September 12th, December 16th, Veteran’s Day, Memorial Day, at city halls, state capitols, and local parks. They have local barbeques, picnics, and book clubs. They are sincere. No membership applications or dues required – simply show up. You are likely to see some people you know, make some new friends, and learn more about making your voice heard. Those at rallies are educated, informed, and involved in their communities. They are grandparents, veterans, mothers, small businessmen, blue-collar workers, and people you see at church on Sunday. A typical Tea Party line-up: the Pledge, Star Spangled Banner, and a prayer for our leaders and our military; they are urged to call their representatives, run for office, get educated about the political system and legislation, register to vote, and take part in the process that affects their lives and future generations. The threads that hold the grassroots gatherings together are issue and policy based. They are concerns about the national debt, rising deficits, unemployment, fading liberties, and growing government. If liberty, freedom of speech, and equal representation, are un-American, then what has America become?
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About
Although a few entries may be a little hard for some to swallow, my hope is to show readers a fresh perspective, by linking the issues and problems of today with analogies from everyday life.
I had taken a break from daily writing to realign my offline priorities. Gotta keep it all in perspective. I hope to make almost daily posts again and keep you clicking back to see newer posts as they are written. I know time is a rare and valuable asset, thanks for spending some of yours here.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Scaling text dynamically to ensure it fits within a single line textview
I'm trying to make a textview that scales the contents so that it all shows, no cropping, multi lines or elipsis.
I'll quickly run through the layout just to put it into context.
*There's a gridview with several rows and columns.
*The items for the gridview are provided by an adapter which returns (pseudo markup :) ):-
<LinearLayout Orientation=vertical>
<MyCustomTextview name='titletext' Not multiline />
<MyCustomTextview name='itemtext' Not multiline />
</LinearLayout>
I've tried overriding onSizeChanged as this is where several google results pointed me and I started with:-
...
if (this.getLinecount() > 1)
{
this.setTextSize(... currentsize -10);
}
...
and this gave me really small text where it would have appeared on more than one line, so I knew I could resize and find out if the TextView had more than one line correctly.
so I progressed to:-
while (this.getLinecount() > 1)
{
this.setTextSize(... currentsize - 1);
}
which I expected to run until the text was small enough, but after the call to setTextSize getLineCount() returns 0, I believe this is because it needs to recalculate the text size so I tried various combinations of refreshLayout(), forceLayout() and invalidate() to no avail.
I've an idea for perhaps a better approach, but I don't know if it's easily attainable:-
onSizeChanged is called after it is put into the Gridview by the Adapter so I will execute my code there, but is the following possible and how:-
The TextView is set to a width of fill parent, can I accurately tell a pixel size of the width of available space for text? (I believe there may be padding and such applied)
I then intend to use measureText(String) to see if the text will fit, if not decrease size and check again.
I believe that would be a good solution, but I'm not sure on the accurate measurement of available space, and if the event I've chosen would be best.
Any assistance would be appreciated.
Anthony
A:
Why don't you try the same sort of approach, but use measureText instead?
while (mPaint.measureText(MyTextString)>mTextView.getWidth() ) //maybe adjust for padding/margins etc
{
mPaint.setTextSize(... currentsize - 1);
}
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Please register to participate in our discussions with 2 million other members - it's free and quick! Some forums can only be seen by registered members. After you create your account, you'll be able to customize options and access all our 15,000 new posts/day with fewer ads.
Moving to Denver area, seeking information on IT jobs in Highlands Ranch, Louisville, Software job market in downtown Denver, IT jobs in Colorado
We are strongly considering move to the Denver area. So far HR looks like winner. Still (after digging through job search sites) we can't get a good feel on where are more IT/software jobs: south of Denver (DTC, etc.) or Boulder and surroundings? Is there obvious winner based on this criteria? Or these areas have about the same amount of tech jobs? Also it appears from scouring real estate sites that HR has more choice to offer (we are looking within 350 - 400 - maybe up to 450). Louisville appear either very expensive or old (nevertheless seem to get into top lists to live regularly...). IB schools are also important for us and it seems that HR has one while Louisville does not (but Lafayette does). All comments are appreciated. Thank you.
The broader "DTC" area is the largest employment center in the state, if you count the other office parks like Meridian, Inverness, etc in that general vicinity. Downtown Denver has almost as many jobs, but in a much more concentrated geographic area, and not all of which are IT (lots of financial jobs there). Boulder County / Interlocken is a fairly close third in terms of employment numbers, many of which are IT as well.
Thanks for all your replies.
On the real-estate note did we get a right feeling that Highlands Ranch has more to offer of newer houses and in our price range of 350 - 400 compared to Louisville?
Schools. We are not sure how open-enrollment school system works at the basic level. In other words if you live in the school district area - are you guaranteed the enrollment (or if 'outsiders' filled size up to the limt you are out of luck)? What about those from outside district area - are they always accepted or only until size cap is reached? Does such thing as a size cap even exist that plays any role in this?
Boulder County you must submit an Open Enrollment application if you want you kids to go anywhere in BC that isn't your neighborhood school One important thing to note is that Focus and Charter schools aren't considered neighborhood schools so even if you live close to a really good one, as I do, you still have to apply via open enrollment.
While I agree with the above posters about the # of jobs in the DTC area, I must say that there are a surprising number of smaller technology firms on the north side of town. The area between Broomfield and Longmont is very active with tech SMBs.
Boulder County you must submit an Open Enrollment application if you want you kids to go anywhere in BC that isn't your neighborhood school One important thing to note is that Focus and Charter schools aren't considered neighborhood schools so even if you live close to a really good one, as I do, you still have to apply via open enrollment.
The school district is not "Boulder County". There are two school districts in Bo. Co., one of which is Boulder Valley, serving southern Boulder Co, parts of Gilpin and Broomfield Counties. The other district is St. Vrain Valley, which serves northern Boulder Co. and some of Weld Co. Louiville is in the Boulder Valley School District. To open enroll in BVSD, in brief, one must fill out an application. Once a student is accepted to open enroll, the new school becomes the student's home school. If the student wants to go anywhere else in the district, including back to his/her home school, he/she must reapply to open enroll at the new school. There are priorities and preferences in OE., eg, siblings of students in the school, students of teachers at a school (I think), etc. There is some OE from outside the district, mainly from nearby districts such as St. Vrain and Adams 12. Out of district students are in the lowest priority. The whole process can be found on the district's website www.bvsd.org
New topic: Students new to district: The BVSD must accomodate any student living in the district. Usually, accomodations can be made in the neighborhood school. If not, and this has happened in the past, the district will bus the student to another school. This is in distinction to OE students who must provide their own transportation.
Enrollment caps: Yes there are enrollment caps. In the past some schools have been closed to open enrollment. I don't know if this is the case right now. All schools have a maximum capacity. As I stated earlier, once a student is accepted to open enroll, that school becomes his/her home school and he/she is a part of that school community. Students cannot be bumped back to their neighborhood school b/c of a cap, but a student may be denied OE somewhere b/c of an enrollment cap. So no, OEs are not always accepted.
Just FYI Highlands Ranch operates on a track system for elementary school. I don't know if the Boulder area schools do. Tracks basically put you in school all year round. You have 3 week breaks every 9 weeks instead of one long summer break.
Boulder Valley schools are not on a track system, though it has been discussed. Right now, there is sufficient capacity with a traditional schedule.
Please register to post and access all features of our very popular forum. It is free and quick. Over $68,000 in prizes has already been given out to active posters on our forum. Additional giveaways are planned.
Detailed information about all U.S. cities, counties, and zip codes on our site: City-data.com.
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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Inhibition by chlordiazepoxide of adenosine-stimulated glucagon secretion.
The action of a water soluble benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (CDZ) on the stimulatory effect of adenosine on glucagon secretion from the isolated pancreas of the rat perfused in presence of 2.8 mM glucose was studied. CDZ 10(-7) and 10(-6) M had no effect per se on glucagon secretion under our experimental conditions. In contrast, CDZ 10(-6) M (but not 10(-7) M) markedly reduced the peak of glucagon secretion provoked by adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine (1.65 C 10(-6) M) and by a stable analogue, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine or NECA (1.65 X 10(-8) M). This peripheral interaction between CDZ and adenosine seemed to be specific, since CDZ did not modify the peak of glucagon secretion induced by (-)isoproterenol (10(-8) M). Our results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of CDZ on adenosine-stimulated glucagon secretion.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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---------------------- Forwarded by Hunter S Shively/HOU/ECT on 02/27/2001
11:27 AM ---------------------------
From: Mark Frevert/ENRON@enronXgate on 02/23/2001 01:12 PM
To: Jeffery Ader/HOU/ECT@ECT, Berney C Aucoin/HOU/ECT@ECT, Edward D
Baughman/HOU/ECT@ECT, Dana Davis/ENRON@enronXgate, Doug
Gilbert-Smith/Corp/Enron@ENRON, Rogers Herndon/HOU/ECT@ect, Ben
Jacoby/HOU/ECT@ECT, Ozzie Pagan/HOU/ECT@ECT, Kevin M Presto/HOU/ECT@ECT,
Fletcher J Sturm/HOU/ECT@ECT, Bruce Sukaly/Corp/Enron@Enron, Lloyd
Will/HOU/ECT@ECT, Mark Tawney/ENRON@enronXgate, George McClellan/HOU/ECT@ECT,
Fred Lagrasta/HOU/ECT@ECT, John Arnold/HOU/ECT@ECT, Scott Neal/HOU/ECT@ECT,
Hunter S Shively/HOU/ECT@ECT, Phillip K Allen/HOU/ECT@ECT, Thomas A
Martin/HOU/ECT@ECT
cc:
Subject: FW: "Chinese Wall" Classroom Training
Chinese Wall training of one hour has been scheduled on the dates listed
below. The training is mandatory and allows EWS to continue operating all
its businesses including equity trading without violating the securities laws.
Please register for one of the four one-hour sessions listed below. Each
session is tailored to a particular commercial group, and it would be
preferable if you could attend the session for your group. (Your particular
group is the one highlighted in bold on the list below.)
Monday, March 5, 2001, 10:00 a.m. ) Resource Group
Monday, March 5, 2001, 11:00 a.m. ) Origination/Business Development
Monday, March 5, 2001, 3:30 p.m. ) Financial Trading Group
Monday, March 5, 2001, 4:30 p.m. ) Heads of Trading Desks
Each of the above sessions will be held at the downtown Hyatt Regency Hotel
in Sandalwood Rooms A & B. Alternatively, two make-up sessions are scheduled
for Tuesday, March 13, 2001 at 3:30 p.m. and 4:30 p.m. Location information
for the make-up sessions will be announced later.
Please confirm your attendance at one of these sessions with Brenda Whitehead
by e-mailing her at brenda.whitehead@enron.com or calling her at extension
3-5438.
Mark Frevert and Mark Haedicke
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"pile_set_name": "Enron Emails"
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A writer who tried to identify the "better ingredients" in Papa John's pizza says she was shut down by the company.
Melanie Warner from US News And World Report says she was curious about the ingredients Papa John's has advertised for so long.
While packaged product companies have to disclose ingredients, restaurants don't, Warner writes.
Still, chains like Taco Bell, McDonald's, and Subway voluntarily provide the information.
Warner went to her local Boulder Papa John's and asked an employee for more information about the ingredients. He directed her to the company's website, but ingredients aren't listed online either.
Finally, Warner left messages with various company representatives but says no one got back to her.
She did gain some insight from a worker named Charlie, however, who told her that the company's "never frozen" mantra is bogus:
"We get deliveries in every three days, so nothing that's in the fridge is more than a few days old. And we form the dough here. It doesn't come ready to go, though it is made in a central facility and then frozen," he told Warner.
Papa John's competitor Pizza Hut has also tried to debunk the "better ingredients" claim.
Pizza Hut sued in 1998, claiming that Papa John's was falsely advertising. A jury sided with Pizza Hut, and the judge demanded Papa John's stop using its slogan.
But Papa John's took the ruling to an appeals court in 2000 and won.
Papa John's defense was that "the ads did not make false statements but instead were statements of personal taste—what pizza tastes like, which kinds taste better," the Associated Press reported at the time.
Pizza Hut took the issue all the way to the Supreme Court, which declined to hear the case without comment.
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Nike Sunglasses for Men and Women Just $35.99! (Reg. $120.00) 40 Different Styles!
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Contribution of cognitive functions to postural control in anticipating self-paced and externally-triggered lower-limb perturbations.
The contribution of higher-order cognitive functions to postural control is poorly understood. It is recognized that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is active after postural perturbations, however little is known about anticipatory PFC activity occurring before an upcoming perturbation. Here we aim at advancing our understanding on the contribution of higher-order cognitive functions in the fore period before postural perturbations. Thirteen healthy men underwent both self-paced and externally-triggered lower limb perturbations during high-resolution electroencephalography and surface electromyography (sEMG) recordings. Event-related potentials (ERP) and sEMG associated with perturbations were compared between conditions. Both self-paced and externally-triggered perturbations elicited a large prefrontal negativity before the perturbation onset, but the externally-triggered condition evoked larger activity over the left hemisphere; source analysis localized this activity in the PFC. The motor readiness potential occurred earlier and was larger for self-paced perturbations and its origin in premotor areas was confirmed. A larger bilateral activity over lateral occipital derivations was observed for externally-triggered perturbations and was localized in the occipital-temporal cortex, likely within the extrastriate body area (EBA). We confirm that the preparatory activity of premotor areas is associated with the intentional engagement of upcoming actions since it occurs only before self-paced perturbations. The PFC anticipating both perturbations can be interpreted as an unintentional top-down cognitive control required by the tasks, especially involving attention and inhibition. However, before externally-triggered perturbations also other cognitive resources are required. The EBA activity anticipating externally-triggered perturbation may represent a visual prediction of the desired posture.
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
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Q:
How do I limit thumbnails size and life time?
how to limit thumbnails life time(maximum_age) and size(maximum_size) in ubuntu 12.04 with dconf? Or should I install gconf-editor to do this?
A:
ok. I've found it in dconf-editor http://itmages.ru/image/view/723527/4294c4e2
In words, run dconf-editor in a terminal after installing dconf-tools. In the window that opens, click on org, gnome, desktop,thumbnail-cache and set the desired values.
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{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
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Background/introduction
=======================
In this work we will present our plan for an (MR)-guided, high-intensity focused ultrasound (FUS) uterine fibroid registry, with the goal of providing large-scale evidence on the safety and long-term efficacy of FUS for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids.
Methods
=======
1,000 patients will be enrolled to the registry in multiple sites worldwide. Patient would get FUS treatment and be followed for a period of three years. Only FUS qualified patients and sites meeting registry treatment criteria would participate in the study.
Results and conclusions
=======================
Treatment outcome and follow-up data will be collected by a contract research organization, (CRO), and analyzed for safety and efficacy. We will then compare our results to similar results in the literature. Subgroups will be selected and analyzed to address heterogeneity and usage of non-uniform treatment methods.
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
}
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The November elections will determine the direction of US climate policy -- and therefore also energy policy and the pace of economic growth: jobs, standards of living, budget deficits and inflation. Obama has already promised to make climate change the centerpiece of his concern -- with all that implies: "Green" energy policy, linked to loss of jobs (Keystone pipeline disapproval), rising gas prices (ethanol mandates), and crony capitalism (Solyndra). By contrast, Romney is a climate skeptic -- and Ryan has been quite outspoken: the perfect anti-Gore. The science supports Romney-Ryan -- notwithstanding the UN-IPCC, and the bulk of the climate scientists living high on the hog on government grants. All of this emerged from campaign rhetoric -- but it needs to be spelled out more clearly. Note that Obama no longer promises to "heal the Earth and stop the rise of the oceans." He has also been uncharacteristically quiet about his efforts to "make electricity prices skyrocket." But there is more in store if he is re-elected and unleashes the full regulatory apparatus of the EPA.
Earlier this month, Senator James Inhofe (R-Okla.), Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, released a new EPW Minority Report entitled, "A Look Ahead to EPA Regulations for 2013: Numerous Obama EPA Rules Placed On Hold until after the Election Spell Doom for Jobs and Economic Growth."
This report enumerates the slew of environmental regulations that the Obama-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has delayed or punted on before the election while President Obama is trying to earn votes; but the Obama-EPA plans to move full speed ahead to implement this agenda if President Obama wins a second term. As this report reveals, these rules taken together will inevitably result in the elimination of millions of American jobs, drive up the price of gas at the pump even more, impose construction bans on local communities, and essentially shut down American oil, natural gas, and coal production.
"President Obama has spent the past year punting on a slew of job-killing EPA regulations that will destroy millions of American jobs and cause energy prices to skyrocket even more," Senator Inhofe said. "From greenhouse gas regulations to water guidance to the tightening of the ozone standard, the Obama-EPA has delayed the implementation of rule after rule because they don't want all those pink slips and price spikes to hit until after the election. But President Obama's former climate czar Carol Browner was very clear about what's in store for next year: she told several green groups not to worry because President Obama has a big green 'to-do' list for 2013 -- so they'll get what they want. As a result, hard working Americans will lose their jobs and be subjected to skyrocketing energy prices "This report also importantly puts the spotlight back on an Obama-EPA that has, as the Washington Post said, earned a 'reputation for abuse.' It serves as a stark reminder that President Obama has presided over a green team administration that works every day to 'crucify' oil and gas companies and make sure that 'if you want to build a coal plant you got a big problem.'
Rules Delayed or "Punted" until 2013 by Obama-EPA
Greenhouse Gas Regulations: These regulations -- which President Obama himself warned would be worse than global warming cap-and-trade legislation -- will be an enormous burden on the American people. These rules will cost more than $300 to $400 billion a year, and significantly raise the price of gas at the pump and energy in the home. It's not just coal plants that will be affected: under the Clean Air Act (CAA), churches, schools, restaurants, hospitals and farms will eventually be regulated.
Thus far, EPA has issued regulations governing permit programs and monitoring requirements. Earlier this year, EPA proposed the first source-specific greenhouse gas regulations -- emissions standards for new power plants. The proposal paints an ominous picture for rate payers: the requirements are so strict, they virtually eliminate coal as a fuel option for future electric power generation. In a thinly veiled political move, the agency has put off finalizing the proposal until after the election. Similarly, EPA has punted on standards for existing power plants as well as refineries -- standards which will further drive up electricity and gasoline prices. Once these regulations are in place, EPA will proceed to issue regulations, industry by industry, until virtually every aspect of the American economy is constrained by strict regulatory requirements and high energy prices.
Take for example, farms: under federal permitting requirements, sources (i.e. a farm whose aggregate emissions exceed CAA permitting thresholds) would be required to comply with costly permitting mandates and pay an annual fee for each ton of greenhouse gas emitted on an annual basis. Known as the "cow tax", there would be a cost-per-animal outcome. EPA itself estimates that in its best case scenario, there will be over 37,000 farms and ranches subject to greenhouse gas permits at an average cost of $23,000 per permit annually, affecting over 90% of the livestock production in the United States.
Ozone Rule: As the New York Times reported last year, President Obama punted on tightening the ozone standard until after the election, admitting that the "regulatory burdens and regulatory uncertainty" would harm jobs and the economy -- but he still pointed to the fact that it will be reconsidered in 2013. EPA itself estimated that its ozone standard would cost $90 billion a year, while other studies have projected that the rule could cost upwards of a trillion dollars and destroy 7.4 million jobs. By EPA's own projections, it could put 650 additional counties into the category of "non-attainment," which is the equivalent of posting a "closed for business" sign on communities. Affected counties will suffer from severe EPA-imposed restrictions on job creation and business expansion, including large numbers of plant closures. The Times concluded: "The full retreat on the smog standard was the first and most important environmental decision of the presidential campaign season that is now fully underway. An examination of that decision, based on interviews with lobbyists on both sides, former officials and policy makers at the upper reaches of the White House and the E.P.A., illustrates the new calculus on political and policy shifts as the White House sharpens its focus on the president's re-election."
Hydraulic Fracturing: Today the Obama administration -- through no less than fourteen federal agencies, including the EPA, the Department of Energy (DOE), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), the Center for Disease Control (CDC), the Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) -- is currently working to find ways to regulate hydraulic fracturing at the federal level, so that they can limit and eventually stop the practice altogether. In order to curtail hydraulic fracturing on public lands, BLM, under Secretary Salazar's control, will be finalizing new regulations sometime after the election, which will have serious impacts on domestic energy production. According to one study, "The total aggregate cost for new permits and well workovers resulting from this rule would range from $1.499 billion to $1.615 billion annually. This is a conservative estimate of the delays and costs associated with the proposed rule which equates to about $253,800 per well, and $233,100 per re-fracture stimulation." The Obama Administration's anti-hydraulic fracturing agenda doesn't stop there. In the months following the election, we can expect the EPA alone to: issue guidance for the usage of diesel fuels during hydraulic fracturing, which will strip states of the primacy granted to them through the Safe Drinking Water Act; complete a study -- highly criticized and unsupported by multiple state and federal agencies -- desperately attempting to link hydraulic fracturing to water contamination in Pavillion, WY; answer countless petitions filed by radical environmental organizations potentially leading to the back-door regulation of hydraulic fracturing through the Toxic Substances Control Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and Clean Air Act; and potentially introduce Effluent Limitations Guidelines for both shale gas extraction and coal-bed methane.
Florida Numeric Nutrient Criteria: As the Associated Press reported, "When the Obama administration agreed to set the first-ever federal limits on runoff in Florida, environmental groups were pleased [...] Nearly three years later -- with a presidential election looming and Florida expected to play a critical role in the outcome -- those groups are still waiting." In 2009, EPA issued a Clean Water Act (CWA) determination that it would set federal numeric nutrient water quality standards for Florida. The proposed standards EPA unveiled in 2010 were criticized for being technologically and economically infeasible. Florida established its own nutrient criteria, and in 2011, petitioned EPA to withdraw the agency's January 2009 determination that numeric nutrient criteria are necessary in Florida, repeal federal rulemaking completed in 2010, and refrain from proposing or promulgating any further numeric standards. In June 2012 a Florida administrative law judge ruled that the state acted within its authority by establishing Florida-specific numeric nutrient standards for the state's inland waters. Florida certified its standards on June 13, 2012 and submitted it to EPA for approval. EPA had 60 days from this date to approve the rule or 90 days to disapprove it. EPA has only sent back an "initial response" that gives no indication whether or not EPA will approve the Florida rule. EPA has thus far punted both on enforcing their own standards and on responding to Florida's petition to establish their own standards.
EPA's Water Guidance: EPA's proposed new guidance document for waters covered by the CWA, proposed in April 2011, reinterprets recent Supreme Court decisions to allow EPA to expand federal control over virtually every body of water in the United States, no matter how small. EPA's own analysis of the document estimated that up to 17% of current non-jurisdictional determinations would be considered jurisdictional using the new guidance. Further, the guidance applies to the entire CWA, which will result in additional regulatory responsibilities for states. This dramatic expansion has received tremendous push-back from the regulated community, states, and municipalities who do not want to have extensive new federal authorities and the costs associated with additional CWA compliance pushed through in guidance. As Inside EPA reported in the spring of 2012, the guidance looks to be delayed until after the election. This guidance, much like greenhouse gas regulations, failed to pass as legislation when Democrats enjoyed overwhelming majorities in the House and the Senate.
Storm-water Regulation: In 2009, EPA announced, as part of the Chesapeake Bay Settlement Agreement, that the agency would propose new nationwide storm-water rules by September 2010, with final action by November 2012. EPA's advanced notice of proposed rulemaking proposed to expand the universe of federally regulated storm-water; establish a first-time standard for post-construction storm-water runoff; require first-time retrofit requirements on storm-water systems -- which could include mandates on cities to change existing buildings, storm-water sewers, and streets; and mandate the use of "green infrastructure" techniques (like "green roofs," rain gardens, permeable pavement) to replace conventional stormwater management practices. All this will put enormous cost burdens on states and municipalities and on anyone who owns property or wants to develop property. If the final rule does everything EPA has proposed, it could be the most expensive rule in EPA history. According to EPA's website, the proposal has been punted until June 2013, and the final rule is due in December 2014.
Tier III Gas Regulations: EPA is preparing to propose a rulemaking called Tier III, which reduces the content of sulfur in gasoline from 30 ppm to 10 ppm. The cost of this rule could be up to $10 billion initially and $2.4 billion annually, and it could add up to 9 cents per gallon in manufacturing costs; these costs would inevitably be passed on to consumers at the pump. As a recent Energywire article explained, many on the far left believe that political motives caused President Obama to delay this rule until after the election.
Boiler MACT Rule: EPA's Boiler MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) standards are so strict that not even the best-performing sources can meet them, so many companies will have no choice but to shut their doors and ship manufacturing jobs overseas. The rule has been projected to reduce US GDP by as much as 1.2 billion dollars and will destroy nearly 800,000 jobs. Because of bipartisan Congressional opposition to the standards, the agency is now reconsidering certain aspects of the rule. In what can only be seen as another politically calculated move, the new rule is now being held by the White House, presumably until after the election. Not only is this creating uncertainty among the regulated community, it is also fueling speculation that very few changes have been made to the rule and that the White House would prefer that it not be made public until after the election.
Cement MACT Rule: EPA's Cement MACT rule could cause 18 plants to shut down, throwing up to 80,000 people out of work. As more and more cement has to be imported from China, concrete costs for the construction of roads, bridges, and buildings that use cement could increase 22% to 36%. As with Boiler MACT, due to Congressional opposition, EPA is now reconsidering certain aspects of the rule, which will not be seen until after the election.
316(b) Cooling Towers Rule: EPA is planning to require the use of strict protections for fish in cooling reservoirs for power plants under the Clean Water Act. EPA's own estimates put the draft rule costs between $384 million and $460 million per year and have benefits of just $17 million - a cost benefit gap of more than 22 to 1. As the Washington Guardian noted about the delay, "In its latest election-year delay of regulations, the Obama administration said Tuesday it will defer until next year acting on a Clean Water Act rule that could require expensive new construction at power plants to lower fish deaths. The postponement by the Environmental Protection Agency was not unexpected, with the agency having only recently completed a public comment period on its latest data. Still, the move to add another 11 months to the rulemaking marks the latest step by the administration to delay potentially controversial environmental rules until after the November election."
Coal Ash: EPA's proposed coal ash rule could cost $79 to $110 billion over 20 years, destroying 183,900 to 316,000 jobs; this will have disastrous impacts in states like Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio and Missouri. As the Charleston Gazette reported, "Despite initial tough talk on the issue, [EPA administrator Lisa] Jackson issued a regulatory proposal that did not settle on a particular strategy. "Politico also noted, EPA is sitting on proposed regulations to declare coal ash to be a hazardous substance...Administrator Lisa Jackson has said the agency will issue a final coal ash rule by the end of the year, but environmentalists and coal ash recyclers aren't convinced."
Farm Dust Regulations: EPA has been regulating farm dust for decades and may tighten the standards as part its review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for coarse particulate matter (PM10). Tightening the PM10 NAAQS would have widespread implications for rural America, as it could be below the amount of dust created during normal farming operations, and therefore be impossible to meet. If the standard is tightened, the only option for farmers to comply will be to curb every-day farm activities, which could mean cutting down on numbers of livestock or the tilling of fields, or they may have to shrink or even end their businesses altogether.
Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule: EPA's Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Rule would require farmers and ranchers to develop and implement costly oil and gasoline spill prevention plans, placing a tremendous burden on the agricultural community. The original deadline was set for November 2011, but the rule was delayed due to pressure from Congress. EPA set a new SPCC deadline of May 10, 2013.
Summary
This lengthy catalog of EPA horrors does not include schemes being hatched but not yet disclosed. Nor does it include initiatives by "junior EPAs" -- such as the cap-and-trade plan by CARB (Calif Air Resources Board).
Clearly, if Romney-Ryan are elected, they will have their hands full just reining in the EPA - an essential step in restoring economic growth. They will need all the help they can get from the next Congress.
S. Fred Singer is professor emeritus at the University of Virginia and director of the Science & Environmental Policy Project. His specialty is atmospheric and space physics. An expert in remote sensing and satellites, he served as the founding director of the US Weather Satellite Service and, more recently, as vice chair of the US National Advisory Committee on Oceans & Atmosphere. He is a Senior Fellow of the Heartland Institute and the Independent Institute. Though a physicist, he has taught economics to engineers and written a monograph on the world price of oil. He has also held several government positions and served as an energy adviser to Treasury Secretary Wm. Simon. He co-authored the NY Times best-seller "Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1500 years." In 2007, he founded and has chaired the NIPCC (Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change), which has released several scientific reports [See www.NIPCC.org]. For recent writings see http://www.americanthinker.com/s_fred_singer/ and also Google Scholar.
Ref.: http://www.cfact.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/A_Look_Ahead_to_EPA_Regulations_for_2013.pdf http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.PressReleases&ContentRecord_id=743423ef-07b0-4db2-bced-4b0d9e63f84b
http://epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Files.View&FileStore_id=b4e25337-d765-46cf-9e27-b9ca21ddf148
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The Four
Strange days, strange ways
Khelben "Blackstaff" Arunsun
Description:
Khelben stands just over 6ft tall and was well-muscled. He usually dressed in robes, wielding his trademark Blackstaff. As of he has a full beard, black hair with silver streaks, including a prominent one through his beard, and a distinguished, imposing manner.He often dresses in black with a silver torque and a cape lined in gray fur
Bio:
The only side of Khelben that most see is that of the gravely wise tutor or stern archmage with much more important things to think about and do than deal with these younglings. If news of a threat to Waterdeep, the North, or the Realms in general, is brought to him, Khelben goes into action, planning countermeasures, seeking the aid of allies, and asking the informer to continue in search of more information. Those who know Khelben well sometimes referred to him as a spider in the center of a massive web of information, schemes, plans, and counter-plans. While his web is centered on the City of Splendors, Khelben places tendrils across the North and beyond. Just as he is noted as a collector of magic and magical items, Khelben also is a hoarder of information. He is a firm believer in the credo, “A secret isn’t a secret if you tell anyone.” He commonly manipulates people and events with this exclusive store of knowledge; to this end he’d never volunteer information that wasn’t specifically requested of him.
|
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Q:
component lookup exception with org.apache.maven.repository.RepositorySystem in Maven plugin testing
I'm trying to use maven-plugin-testing-harness version 2.1 with the following test case:
public class FooTest extends AbstractMojoTestCase {
@Override
protected void setUp() throws Exception {
super.setUp();
}
public void testSomething() throws Exception {
// todo
}
}
The test fails at the setUp() call:
org.codehaus.plexus.component.repository.exception.ComponentLookupException: java.util.NoSuchElementException
role: org.apache.maven.repository.RepositorySystem
roleHint:
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:257)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:245)
at org.codehaus.plexus.DefaultPlexusContainer.lookup(DefaultPlexusContainer.java:239)
at org.codehaus.plexus.PlexusTestCase.lookup(PlexusTestCase.java:206)
at org.apache.maven.plugin.testing.AbstractMojoTestCase.setUp(AbstractMojoTestCase.java:118)
at foo.FooTest.setUp(FooTest.java:54)
These dependencies I have in the pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-plugin-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-model</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-core</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugin-testing</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-plugin-testing-harness</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
Any ideas?
A:
Recently I faced the same exception. After a bit researching I found that maven-compat plugin solves the problem:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compat</artifactId>
<version>3.0.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
A:
Leaving this here for anyone who runs into this problem in the future:
smoke's answer does work, but make sure the versions of the dependencies included in yegor256's in the original question match. Adding org.apache.maven:maven-compat did not work for me until I had changed those 4 dependencies to also have version 3.0.5.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
// <copyright file="BartlettWindow.cs" company="Math.NET">
// Math.NET Filtering, part of the Math.NET Project
// http://filtering.mathdotnet.com
// http://github.com/mathnet/mathnet-filtering
//
// Copyright (c) 2009-2014 Math.NET
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
// obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
// files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
// restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
// copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
// Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
// conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
// included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
// OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
// NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
// HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
// FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
// </copyright>
namespace MathNet.Filtering.Windowing
{
/// <summary>
/// Bartlett window.
/// </summary>
public class BartlettWindow : Window
{
/// <summary>
/// Windowing function generator implementation.
/// </summary>
protected override double[] ComputeWindowCore(int width)
{
return Numerics.Window.Bartlett(width);
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 05-6670
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
versus
CARLOS JOHNSON,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Newport News. Rebecca Beach Smith,
District Judge. (CR-02-3; CA-04-158-4)
Submitted: November 22, 2005 Decided: December 2, 2005
Before MOTZ, TRAXLER, and GREGORY, Circuit Judges.
Dismissed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Carlos Johnson, Appellant Pro Se.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
See Local Rule 36(c).
PER CURIAM:
Carlos Johnson seeks to appeal the district court's
orders dismissing as untimely his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (2000) motion
and denying his motion to alter or amend judgment. An appeal may
not be taken from the final order in a § 2255 proceeding unless a
circuit justice or judge issues a certificate of appealability. 28
U.S.C. § 2253(c)(1) (2000). A certificate of appealability will
not issue absent “a substantial showing of the denial of a
constitutional right.” 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2) (2000). A prisoner
satisfies this standard by demonstrating that reasonable jurists
would find that his constitutional claims are debatable and that
any dispositive procedural rulings by the district court are also
debatable or wrong. See Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 336
(2003); Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000); Rose v. Lee,
252 F.3d 676, 683 (4th Cir. 2001). We have independently reviewed
the record and conclude that Johnson has not made the requisite
showing. Accordingly, we deny a certificate of appealability and
dismiss his appeal. We dispense with oral argument because the
facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the
materials before the court and argument would not aid the
decisional process.
DISMISSED
- 2 -
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
We were there Saturday with eight of our neighbors. Everyone made the same comment "We will be back the food and service was great" Even a DAWG fan sit next to a LSU fan. No problems! GO DAWGS! Several others on our street were unable to join us and really missed a great meal.
Awwwwwe all of you are so wonderful! Thank you so much for the kind words and support. You can't imagine how much it means to us this time of the year.
I was not there Saturday night, as I was out of town. I did get to PM back and forth with "hutch" and as for "DAWGS" and "TIGERS" sitting next to each other I can't think of a better reason then to dine and chow down!!!!
Thanks for your support too Cheering and sowalgayboi.
And, ljeffries, I will pass that on about the service. It means so much to Chris and Kelly!!!! I agree they are quite special!!!
I write this on my laptop sitting on a very bloated and happy belly. I will say as a blanket statement WOW. We arrived and discovered a beautifully decorated dining room. We chose a lovely Reisling and probably drove our waiter nuts as we tried to decide which dish we would have. I thought I had settled on the crawfish pasta when my other half mentioned Tuna. This brought the menu back up and the waiter back into the kitchen. I finally decided on the Tuna (great choice BTW). My other half had the grouper and crawfish. I had the Tuna and shrimp. My meal was wonderful, the prices are excellent and very appropriate for the amount (large amount) of food you receive. After working thru an entree that even a hungry man would struggle with we chose to share a dessert. OMFG what a dessert. There is cheesecake and then there is banana's foster. Combine the two and prepare to loosen a belt, buckle, or button (felt like I needed to loosen all three). This was truly a wonderful dinner and will definitely be back repeatedly. The ultimate top off is the Adult only fine dining atmosphere. D&K you ROCK!!!
I write this on my laptop sitting on a very bloated and happy belly. I will say as a blanket statement WOW. We arrived and discovered a beautifully decorated dining room. We chose a lovely Reisling and probably drove our waiter nuts as we tried to decide which dish we would have. I thought I had settled on the crawfish pasta when my other half mentioned Tuna. This brought the menu back up and the waiter back into the kitchen. I finally decided on the Tuna (great choice BTW). My other half had the grouper and crawfish. I had the Tuna and shrimp. My meal was wonderful, the prices are excellent and very appropriate for the amount (large amount) of food you receive. After working thru an entree that even a hungry man would struggle with we chose to share a dessert. OMFG what a dessert. There is cheesecake and then there is banana's foster. Combine the two and prepare to loosen a belt, buckle, or button (felt like I needed to loosen all three). This was truly a wonderful dinner and will definitely be back repeatedly. The ultimate top off is the Adult only fine dining atmosphere. D&K you ROCK!!!
P.S. They take credit cards. ;-)
Click to expand...
Thanks so much sgb....wish I had known you were there last night, but I'm sure Kelly and Chris took good care of you!
Yes, the Banana's Foster Cheesecake is one of my favorites too. I just love the two flavors and textures together. In the cafe we (the staff) sometimes add a large scoop of vanilla ice cream to make it even more decadent. We can get bad bad bad making things over the top in the kitchen. I really love to take something great and make it better.
We do have a children's menu both for lunch and dinner. As for the decor, I love to decorate a restaurant more then anything.....and I had a fantastic partner, Jamie Landreneau. Doug let us loose and we had a ball!
Also I'm pretty sure the ice cream would have been over kill. :shock: Kelly was a wonderful server! Jamie came over and introduced himself as we were staring at the only surviving piece of his after Katrina. :angry:
Ohhhhh Sj I love this picture of the cafe. Thanks for posting it!!! The lights focus on the entrance and keep the upstairs a bit mysterious. And, where do you get these Tars of yours????? They are so funny!!!!:funn:
Also I'm pretty sure the ice cream would have been over kill. :shock: Kelly was a wonderful server! Jamie came over and introduced himself as we were staring at the only surviving piece of his after Katrina. :angry:
All-in-all a wonderful experience, and great photo SJ.
Click to expand...
Nope that wasn't me wandering around with a baby in my arms. My baby often comes and sits in my lap, but she's 14! ;-) Although I have carried a baby around the cafe a number of times so the parents could eat.
We appreciate YOU for noticing all the beautiful artwork on the walls and on the plate!!!!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
"""
03-output-range.py - The `mul` and `add` attributes.
Almost all audio objects have a `mul` and `add` attributes.
These are defined inside the PyoObject, which is the base
class for all objects generating audio signal. The manual
page of the PyoObject explains all behaviours common to
audio objects.
An audio signal outputs samples as floating-point numbers in
the range -1 to 1. The `mul` and `add` attributes can be used
to change the output range. Common uses are for modulating the
amplitude of a sound or for building control signals like low
frequency oscillators.
A shortcut to automatically manipulate both `mul` and `add`
attributes is to call the range(min, max) method of the
PyoObject. This method sets `mul` and `add` attributes
according to the desired `min` and `max` output values. It
assumes that the generated signal is in the range -1 to 1.
"""
from pyo import *
s = Server().boot().start()
# The `mul` attribute multiplies each sample by its value.
a = Sine(freq=100, mul=0.1)
# The `add` attribute adds an offset to each sample.
# The multiplication is applied before the addition.
b = Sine(freq=100, mul=0.5, add=0.5)
# Using the range(min, max) method allows to automatically
# compute both `mul` and `add` attributes.
c = Sine(freq=100).range(-0.25, 0.5)
# Displays the waveforms
sc = Scope([a, b, c])
s.gui(locals())
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Complement-induced phospholipase A2 activation in experimental membranous nephropathy.
In the passive Heymann nephritis (PHN) model of membranous nephropathy, C5b-9 induces glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury and proteinuria, which is partially mediated by eicosanoids. By analogy, in cultured rat GEC, sublytic C5b-9 injures plasma membranes and releases arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids, due to activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2). This study addresses the mechanisms of PLA2 activation. PLA2 expression was assessed with the polymerase chain reaction or immunoblotting, and activity was determined using an in vitro assay or by measurement of free AA. Under basal conditions, GEC in culture expressed a relatively low level of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) protein, while mRNAs of groups IB, IIA and V secretory PLA2s (sPLA2) were not detectable. Incubation of GEC with sublytic C5b-9 induced 1.5- to 2.0-fold increases in free [3H]AA at 40 minutes, and three and 24 hours. C5b-9 did not increase cPLA2 protein, and did not induce group IB, IIA or V sPLA2 mRNAs. Stable overexpression of cPLA2 in GEC amplified the C5b-9-induced increases in free [3H]AA, while analogous overexpression of group IIA sPLA2 had no effect. PLA2 activity was increased in glomeruli of rats with PHN, and this enhanced activity was characterized as cPLA2. There were no differences in cPLA2 protein expression between PHN and control glomeruli. Release of AA by C5b-9 in GEC in culture and in vivo is mediated by cPLA2, and the mechanism is consistent with post-translational regulation of cPLA2 activity. C5b-9 does not induce expression or stimulate activity of sPLA2 isoforms in GEC.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
PROJECT TITLE: Southwest Tribal NARCH X Administrative Core PROGRAM DIRECTOR/PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. Kevin English Project Summary/Abstract The Southwest Tribal NARCH X Administrative Core will provide overall leadership to the Center and will coordinate, integrate, and support the various Center components and activities in order to fulfill the overall NARCH mission, which is to implement health research projects prioritized by area tribes, reduce distrust of research among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities, and enhance health research partnerships to reduce AI/AN health disparities, while promoting a cadre of AI/AN scientific and health research professionals. The Southwest Tribal NARCH X Administrative Core will be based at the Albuquerque Area Indian Health Board, Inc. (AAIHB), an intertribal organization, which has extensive experience in the oversight of prior NARCH grants (NARCH I, NARCH III, NARCH V), and currently administers a NARCH VII grant. The Southwest Tribal NARCH X Administrative Core will help fulfill the major aims and goals of all Center components by pursuing the following specific aims: 1) establish a sustainable structure which will facilitate the conduct of Southwest Tribal NARCH X work by providing administrative and technical support as well as by stimulating exchange among all proposed Center components in collaboration with academic and tribal partners; 2) maintain the Southwest Tribal NARCH Community and Scientific Advisory Council (CSAC) to ensure rigorous tribal oversight of all Southwest Tribal NARCH components and activities and foster sustained alignment with tribal priorities and key cultural considerations; and 3) support the continued operation of the Southwest Tribal Institutional Review Board (IRB) to advance the benefits of ethical health research to area tribes and reduce AI/AN community distrust of research and researchers by giving tribes greater control over the research process. Expected outcomes of the Southwest Tribal NARCH X Administrative Core include rigorous tribal oversight of all Southwest Tribal NARCH X components, continued alignment of Southwest Tribal NARCH X components and activities with tribal priorities and important cultural considerations, enhanced protection for individual and community research participants, streamlined IRB review processes, enhanced research alliances among all partners (AAIHB, tribes, and academic partners), and manuscripts and professional presentations highlighting key findings of all Southwest Tribal NARCH X research and innovations.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter"
}
|
Introduction to genetics
Genetics is the study of genes and tries to explain what they are and how they work. Genes are how living organisms inherit features or traits from their ancestors; for example, children usually look like their parents because they have inherited their parents' genes. Genetics tries to identify which traits are inherited, and explain how these traits are passed from generation to generation.
Some traits are part of an organisms' physical appearance; such as a person's eye color, height or weight. Other sorts of traits are not easily seen and include blood types or resistance to diseases. Some traits are inherited through our genes, so tall and thin people tend to have tall and thin children. Other traits come from interactions between our genes and the environment, so a child might inherit the tendency to be tall, but if they are poorly nourished, they will still be short. The way our genes and environment interact to produce a trait can be complicated. For example, the chances of somebody dying of cancer or heart disease seems to depend on both their genes and their lifestyle.
Genes are made from a long molecule called DNA, which is copied and inherited across generations. DNA is made of simple units that line up in a particular order within this large molecule. The order of these units carries genetic information, similar to how the order of letters on a page carries information. The language used by DNA is called the genetic code, which lets organisms read the information in the genes. This information is the instructions for constructing and operating a living organism.
The information within a particular gene is not always exactly the same between one organism and another, so different copies of a gene do not always give exactly the same instructions. Each unique form of a single gene is called an allele. As an example, one allele for the gene for hair color could instruct the body to produce a lot of pigment, producing black hair, while a different allele of the same gene might give garbled instructions that fail to produce any pigment, giving white hair. Mutations are random changes in genes and can create new alleles. Mutations can also produce new traits, such as when mutations to an allele for black hair produce a new allele for white hair. This appearance of new traits is important in evolution.
Genes and inheritance
Genes are pieces of DNA that contain information for the synthesis of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) or polypeptides. Genes are inherited as units, with two parents dividing out copies of their genes to their offspring. Humans have two copies of each of their genes, but each egg or sperm cell only gets one of those copies for each gene. An egg and sperm join to form a complete set of genes. The resulting offspring has the same number of genes as their parents, but for any gene, one of their two copies comes from their father, and one from their mother.
The effects of this mixing depend on the types (the alleles) of the gene. If the father has two copies of an allele for red hair, and the mother has two copies for brown hair, all their children get the two alleles that give different instructions, one for red hair and one for brown. The hair color of these children depends on how these alleles work together. If one allele dominates the instructions from another, it is called the dominant allele, and the allele that is overridden is called the recessive allele. In the case of a daughter with alleles for both red and brown hair, brown is dominant and she ends up with brown hair.
Although the red color allele is still there in this brown-haired girl, it doesn't show. This is a difference between what you see on the surface (the traits of an organism, called its phenotype) and the genes within the organism (it's genotype). In this example you can call the allele for brown "B" and the allele for red "b". (It is normal to write dominant alleles with capital letters and recessive ones with lower-case letters.) The brown hair daughter has the "brown hair phenotype" but her genotype is Bb, with one copy of the B allele, and one of the b allele.
Now imagine that this woman grows up and has children with a brown-haired man who also has a Bb genotype. Her eggs will be a mixture of two types, one sort containing the B allele, and one sort the b allele. Similarly, her partner will produce a mix of two types of sperm containing one or the other of these two alleles. When the transmitted genes are joined up in their offspring, these children have a chance of getting either brown or red hair, since they could get a genotype of BB = brown hair, Bb = brown hair or bb = red hair. In this generation, there is, therefore, a chance of the recessive allele showing itself in the phenotype of the children—some of them may have red hair like their grandfather.
Many traits are inherited in a more complicated way than the example above. This can happen when there are several genes involved, each contributing a small part to the end result. Tall people tend to have tall children because their children get a package of many alleles that each contribute a bit to how much they grow. However, there are not clear groups of "short people" and "tall people", like there are groups of people with brown or red hair. This is because of the large number of genes involved; this makes the trait very variable and people are of many different heights. Despite a common misconception, the green/blue eye traits are also inherited in this complex inheritance model. Inheritance can also be complicated when the trait depends on the interaction between genetics and environment. For example, malnutrition does not change traits like eye color, but can stunt growth.
How genes work
Genes make proteins
The function of genes is to provide the information needed to make molecules called proteins in cells. Cells are the smallest independent parts of organisms: the human body contains about 100 trillion cells, while very small organisms like bacteria are just a single cell. A cell is like a miniature and very complex factory that can make all the parts needed to produce a copy of itself, which happens when cells divide. There is a simple division of labor in cells—genes give instructions and proteins carry out these instructions, tasks like building a new copy of a cell, or repairing the damage. Each type of protein is a specialist that only does one job, so if a cell needs to do something new, it must make a new protein to do this job. Similarly, if a cell needs to do something faster or slower than before, it makes more or less of the protein responsible. Genes tell cells what to do by telling them which proteins to make and in what amounts.
Proteins are made of a chain of 20 different types of amino acid molecules. This chain folds up into a compact shape, rather like an untidy ball of string. The shape of the protein is determined by the sequence of amino acids along its chain and it is this shape that, in turn, determines what the protein does. For example, some proteins have parts of their surface that perfectly match the shape of another molecule, allowing the protein to bind to this molecule very tightly. Other proteins are enzymes, which are like tiny machines that alter other molecules.
The information in DNA is held in the sequence of the repeating units along the DNA chain. These units are four types of nucleotides (A,T,G and C) and the sequence of nucleotides stores information in an alphabet called the genetic code. When a gene is read by a cell the DNA sequence is copied into a very similar molecule called RNA (this process is called transcription). Transcription is controlled by other DNA sequences (such as promoters), which show a cell where genes are, and control how often they are copied. The RNA copy made from a gene is then fed through a structure called a ribosome, which translates the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA into the correct sequence of amino acids and joins these amino acids together to make a complete protein chain. The new protein then folds up into its active form. The process of moving information from the language of RNA into the language of amino acids is called translation.
If the sequence of the nucleotides in a gene changes, the sequence of the amino acids in the protein it produces may also change—if part of a gene is deleted, the protein produced is shorter and may not work anymore. This is the reason why different alleles of a gene can have different effects on an organism. As an example, hair color depends on how much of a dark substance called melanin is put into the hair as it grows. If a person has a normal set of the genes involved in making melanin, they make all the proteins needed and they grow dark hair. However, if the alleles for a particular protein have different sequences and produce proteins that can't do their jobs, no melanin is produced and the person has white skin and hair (albinism).
Genes are copied
Genes are copied each time a cell divides into two new cells. The process that copies DNA is called DNA replication. It is through a similar process that a child inherits genes from its parents when a copy from the mother is mixed with a copy from the father.
DNA can be copied very easily and accurately because each piece of DNA can direct the creation of a new copy of its information. This is because DNA is made of two strands that pair together like the two sides of a zipper. The nucleotides are in the center, like the teeth in the zipper, and pair up to hold the two strands together. Importantly, the four different sorts of nucleotides are different shapes, so for the strands to close up properly, an A nucleotide must go opposite a T nucleotide, and a G opposite a C. This exact pairing is called base pairing.
When DNA is copied, the two strands of the old DNA are pulled apart by enzymes; then they pair up with new nucleotides and then close. This produces two new pieces of DNA, each containing one strand from the old DNA and one newly made strand. This process is not predictably perfect as proteins attach to a nucleotide while they are building and cause a change in the sequence of that gene. These changes in the DNA sequence are called mutations. Mutations produce new alleles of genes. Sometimes these changes stop the functioning of that gene or make it serve another advantageous function, such as the melanin genes discussed above. These mutations and their effects on the traits of organisms are one of the causes of evolution.
Genes and evolution
A population of organisms evolves when an inherited trait becomes more common or less common over time. For instance, all the mice living on an island would be a single population of mice: some with white fur, some gray. If over generations, white mice became more frequent and gray mice less frequent, then the color of the fur in this population of mice would be evolving. In terms of genetics, this is called an increase in allele frequency.
Alleles become more or less common either by chance in a process called genetic drift or by natural selection. In natural selection, if an allele makes it more likely for an organism to survive and reproduce, then over time this allele becomes more common. But if an allele is harmful, natural selection makes it less common. In the above example, if the island were getting colder each year and snow became present for much of the time, then the allele for white fur would favor survival since predators would be less likely to see them against the snow, and more likely to see the gray mice. Over time white mice would become more and more frequent, while gray mice less and less.
Mutations create new alleles. These alleles have new DNA sequences and can produce proteins with new properties. So if an island was populated entirely by black mice, mutations could happen creating alleles for white fur. The combination of mutations creating new alleles at random, and natural selection picking out those that are useful, causes an adaptation. This is when organisms change in ways that help them to survive and reproduce. Many such changes, studied in evolutionary developmental biology, affect the way the embryo develops into an adult body.
Inherited diseases
Some diseases are hereditary and run in families; others, such as infectious diseases, are caused by the environment. Other diseases come from a combination of genes and the environment. Genetic disorders are diseases that are caused by a single allele of a gene and are inherited in families. These include Huntington's disease, Cystic fibrosis or Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cystic fibrosis, for example, is caused by mutations in a single gene called CFTR and is inherited as a recessive trait.
Other diseases are influenced by genetics, but the genes a person gets from their parents only change their risk of getting a disease. Most of these diseases are inherited in a complex way, with either multiple genes involved, or coming from both genes and the environment. As an example, the risk of breast cancer is 50 times higher in the families most at risk, compared to the families least at risk. This variation is probably due to a large number of alleles, each changing the risk a little bit. Several of the genes have been identified, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, but not all of them. However, although some of the risks are genetic, the risk of this cancer is also increased by being overweight, drinking a lot of alcohol and not exercising. A woman's risk of breast cancer, therefore, comes from a large number of alleles interacting with her environment, so it is very hard to predict.
Genetic engineering
Since traits come from the genes in a cell, putting a new piece of DNA into a cell can produce a new trait. This is how genetic engineering works. For example, rice can be given genes from a maize and a soil bacteria so the rice produces beta-carotene, which the body converts to Vitamin A. This can help children suffering from Vitamin A deficiency. Another gene being put into some crops comes from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis; the gene makes a protein that is an insecticide. The insecticide kills insects that eat the plants but is harmless to people. In these plants, the new genes are put into the plant before it is grown, so the genes are in every part of the plant, including its seeds. The plant's offspring inherit the new genes, which has led to concern about the spread of new traits into wild plants.
The kind of technology used in genetic engineering is also being developed to treat people with genetic disorders in an experimental medical technique called gene therapy. However, here the new gene is put in after the person has grown up and become ill, so any new gene is not inherited by their children. Gene therapy works by trying to replace the allele that causes the disease with an allele that works properly.
See also
Common misunderstandings of genetics
Epigenetics
Whole genome sequencing
History of genetics
Genetics in simple English
Outline of genetics
Molecular genetics
Predictive medicine
References
External links
Introduction to Genetics, University of Utah
Introduction to Genes and Disease, NCBI open book
Genetics glossary, A talking glossary of genetic terms.
Animated guide to cloning
Khan Academy on YouTube
What Color Eyes Would Your Children Have? Genetics of human eye color: An interactive introduction
Double Helix Game from the Nobel Prize website. Match CATG bases with each other, and other games
Transcribe and translate a gene, University of Utah
StarGenetics software simulates mating experiments between organisms that are genetically different across a range of traits
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
René Pape: "Wagner"
Pape as Wotan, Pape as Hans Sachs…. The prospect of new ventures for this artist lends unusual interest to an all-too-brief survey. René Pape's singing of Wagner is, after all, one of the major reasons for hearing opera today, and his partnership with Daniel Barenboim has been extensive and, as interviews declare, influential.
The conductor shows a knack for making this studio recording feel live and theatrical; there is little hint of following or cosseting a singer who has a pronounced lyrical bent. Wotan's farewell from Die Walküre moves at an unusually strong pace, positively racing at the start, as if to reflect the character's desperate resolve. Barenboim builds the scene on vast waves, with seamless transitions, and maintains intensity in the swelling, roiling intervals, thanks to the brilliant strings of the Staatskapelle Berlin.
Pape, a self-styled "basso cantante," is not exactly typecast in Wotan's rugged music. He summons a broad, regal tone, with a firm edge in the staccato thrusts ("ein bräutliches Feuer") to complement his absolute command of the intimate lines leading to the final farewell. Individual words are pointed ("dich, die ich liebte") or illuminated with mixed timbre ("freier als ich") for emphasis, and — in keeping with the conductor's long view — the big vocal phrases are melded and unified with an art seldom heard.
Nearly as notable here is the Good Friday scene from Parsifal, in which Barenboim combines rubato and tautness to reach a robust, riveting conclusion. This is quite unlike the same passage in Pape's complete Parsifal recording under Valery Gergiev, in which that conductor is so accommodating that he sacrifices momentum for individual vocal effects, such as the bass's splendid ritardando on the line "So weiche jeder Schuld Bekümmernis von dir!" You can't fault Gergiev's telling details, but his version of the scene ends up too slack.
As for Hans Sachs, a role not yet undertaken in full by Pape, we hear what the Germans call an "innerlich" interpretation in the Act II monologue. Masterful singing here gets a little over-refined, almost milking the lyrical recollections of Walther's music. Too little contrast is afforded Sachs's intermittent breaks from reverie, prosaic intervals suggesting speech, as he reminds himself that he is a cobbler as well as a poet.
In a second segment from Die Meistersinger, Pape evokes a lighthearted, likable side to Sachs just where it's most needed, in the nationalistic lecture to Walther late in Act III. Unfortunately, the ensuing finale, with those onrushing high Es against massed orchestra and chorus, becomes mostly a matter of endurance.
King Heinrich's greeting from Lohengrin is not particularly congenial to Pape. The Night Watchman's lines from Die Meistersinger at least remind us that he actually sang this tiny role — such luxury casting — at the Met for five performances in 1995. Speaking of luxury, Plácido Domingo is a welcome presence here as Parsifal in three continuous selections, bursting with resonance and zealous as ever.
At the end, in something between an encore and a dare, the bass ventures into high-baritone terrain for Wolfram's song to the evening star, from Tannhäuser, an unfriendly tessitura in which he sounds both miscast and marvelous. Not many singers could span that oxymoron.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Font-face in IE
I know that these questions are very often asked, but I wanna know what is wrong with my code.
When I try to load the font, IE wont display the font.
Here is my code:
@font-face {
font-family: CalistoMTItalic;
src: url('../fonts/CALISTI.oet');
src: url('../fonts/CALISTI.oet?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),
url('../fonts/CALISTI.TTF') format('truetype');
}
Does anybody know the mistake?
A:
The mistakes include:
mistyping file name extension .eot as .oet
using just EOT and TTF formats
not contacting Microsoft regarding legal use of their font
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
This invention generally relates to floating gate semiconductor devices, and is specifically concerned with a floating gate photosensor operable in either an enhanced sensitivity mode or an enhanced transit speed mode.
Floating gate photosensors are known in the prior art. Generally, such photosensors are made up of three contiguous sections: a light gathering section where light impinging on the device is converted into photocharges which generate a signal current, a floating gate section which senses variations in the current of the photocharges, and a drain section which serves as a signal charge collection point. Structurally, these sensors are made up of photosensitive semiconductor material with an n-type (or p-type) buried channel over an opposite type substrate. The purpose of the buried channel is to provide a subsurface flow path for the signal charge. The depth of the channel is determined by the relative concentration of the n and p regions and the junction depth of the buried channel. The principal advantage of such a photosensor is its ability to detect a signal charge without destroying it, thereby leaving the signal charge intact for further processing.
While the foregoing device has proven to be satisfactory in many respects, the applicants have noted two major limitations in its design that impairs its overall usefulness. The first limitation arises from the fact that two important operating parameters, the responsivity and the signal transmit time (or equivalently, the bandwidth) are determined by the depth of the buried channel which is fixed at the time of manufacturing. Moreover, the device may have either a high responsivity or a high bandwidth (or low signal transit time), but not both as a high responsivity is achieved by having the signal flow channel close to the surface while a short signal transit time is achieved by having the signal flow channel far from the surface. Hence, it is difficult for a single photosensor device of this type to perform well in an environment where the light signals vary greatly in amplitude. If the light signals fall below a certain level of amplitude, then the voltage sensitivity of the device may not be adequate to process the resulting signal charge. Of course, such a device could be replaced with a photosensor whose flow channel was closer to the surface of the n-type outer region. However, the increase in voltage sensitivity would come at a price of an increase in the transit time required for the photocharges to traverse the n-type region before they enter the drain. Consequently, such a device would . operate unnecessarily slowly to process light beam signals carried over relatively strong light beam intensities. A second limitation that the applicants have observed is that there have been, generally, two choices in the methods of constructing the resistive and floating gates, either of which had shortcomings. In the first method, one could use a single level to define the gate material. This meant that in order to isolate the resistive gate from the floating gate, a gap of several microns had to be inserted between the gates. This creates a potential pocket or well in the channel for signal charge flow which in turn, retards the response time of the detector at low signal levels. In the second method, a two level polysilicon process is used to define the gates. This allows one to overlap the gates and avoid the problem of an intergate potential pocket, while isolating the gates electrically. Unfortunately, such overlapping of the gates has been found to introduce an unacceptably large overlap capacitance between the gates. Moreover, using a two level polysilicon process increases the complexity of processing and decreases the processing yield.
Clearly, there is a need for a photosensor which may be operated in either a voltage sensitive mode or a low transit time mode so as to be able to optimally process signals carried over light beams of broadly varying intensities. Moreover, it would be desirable if such a photosensor had a means for eliminating the charge flow retarding potential well that exists between the resistive gate and the floating gate in prior art structures without the addition of unwanted capacitances.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
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|
MADRID.- Sí, pero aún no y quizá no. Esa es, traducida, la respuesta que Mariano Rajoy ha trasladado al Rey después de que éste le haya propuesto como candidato a la investidura.
El actual presidente del Gobierno en funciones ha aceptado el encargo del monarca prometiéndole "redoblar esfuerzos" para conseguir los apoyos suficientes que le permitan salvar la votación en el Congreso, pero no ha querido aclarar si está dispuesto a someterse a la investidura sin haberlo logrado. "No conviene adelantar acontecimientos. Yo también quiero anticipar el futuro, pero ahora no es posible", zanjó en la rueda de prensa que ofreció en Moncloa tras su encuentro con Felipe VI en Zarzuela.
"Lo importante es que me he comprometido a seguir trabajando para intentar formar Gobierno", dice Rajoy para eludir revelar si se presentará a la investidura
Con ironía, incluso pidió a los periodistas que no insistieran en esa cuestión. "Corre el riesgo de que le diga que esa pregunta ya está respondida", bromeó Rajoy, eludiendo responder sobre si cabe o no la posibilidad de que finalmente no se presente a la investidura si no logra que PSOE y Ciudadanos cambien sus posiciones actuales. "Lo importante es que me he comprometido a seguir trabajando para intentar formar Gobierno; a ver si todos somos capaces de actuar con altura de miras", repitió una y otra vez.
Así, prometió retomar "mañana mismo" los contactos con Pedro Sánchez y Albert Rivera porque, dijo, ve más viable "llegar a un mínimo entendimiento programático" con los partidos "que respetan el orden constitucional". Por ello se dirigirá a ellos "de manera preferente" y desechó así, en principio, la vía opción de buscar la abstención de los nacionalistas de CDC y PNV para intentar su opción preferente: "Un Gobierno estable y sólido" en el que invitó a socialistas y naranjas a formar parte de su Ejecutivo.
El presidente del Gobierno en funciones, Mariano Rajoy, durante la rueda de prensa que ha ofrecido esta tarde en el Palacio de la Moncloa de Madrid, tras la reunión que ha mantenido con el Rey. EFE. JuanJo Martin
"Son más cosas las que nos unen que las que nos separan", opinó Rajoy tras enumerar la unión de las tres formaciones para "hacer frente a los retos" del país: "la amenaza de la unidad y la soberanía nacional [hizo referencia a la última votación del Parlament], el terrorismo yihadista y el futuro de la Unión Europea". También, añadió, "coincidimos en grandes objetivos como el deseo de obtener un mayor crecimiento y empleo y mantener el Estado de bienestar", argumentó.
Y abrió la puerta a "ceder" en cuestiones como la reforma judicial o educativa. "No nos gusta que se reformen leyes que hemos aprobado porque han dado resultados, pero sabemos que con 137 escaños tenemos que ceder", aseguró, insistiendo en que el documento que el PP envió al resto de fuerzas "no es un contrato de adhesión: está abierto al diálogo y al pacto".
"Dispuesto" a gobernar en minoría
Rajoy remarcó que su opción preferida es la de la gran coalición, pero, en caso de no conseguirlo, dijo estar dispuesto a gobernar en minoría siempre que el resto de fuerzas parlamentarias "garanticen una lealtad mínima para no bloquear cuestiones urgentes como los objetivos de estabilidad, la trasposición de directivas comunitarias, los Presupuestos Generales del Estado o la lucha antiterrorista", enumeró.
Eso sí, aclaró que está "dispuesto a gobernar con 137 diputados, que no es lo mismo que ir a la investidura con 137 diputados". Y volvió a sembrar la duda sobre si se presentará o no en caso de no haber recabado apoyos suficientes. "Yo cumplo con mi obligación y acepto el encargo del rey. La situación es diferente a la del 20 de diciembre porque entonces sabía que la mayoría de la Cámara estaba en contra. Ahora el escenario es más abierto, hay otras posibilidades, veré si se pueden concretar en algo", repitió.
Pero, aunque consideró que "urge" formar Gobierno, no desveló el plazo marcado para negociar antes de que se produzca el debate correspondiente cuya fecha debe fijar la presidenta del Congreso, Ana Pastor, y que ésta tampoco quiso revelar. Tampoco confesó si había pedido más tiempo al Rey antes de ser propuesto. "Al Rey le he dicho lo que le he dicho salvo lo que no le he dicho", contestó sin contestar una vez más. "Me ha encargado esto y yo lo acepto. Lo importante es que voy a intentar conseguir los votos para formar Gobierno, que no depende sólo de mí", concluyó Rajoy.
|
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|
9.
15
4 divided by -40
-1/10
Divide 135 by -45.
-3
What is 15 divided by -4?
-15/4
Divide -22 by -34.
11/17
-294 divided by 3
-98
-370 divided by 5
-74
Calculate 1 divided by -35.
-1/35
-812 divided by 28
-29
-66 divided by 55
-6/5
What is 3174 divided by 6?
529
What is -6530 divided by -6?
3265/3
Calculate 1051 divided by -4.
-1051/4
What is -4 divided by -5000?
1/1250
Calculate 5 divided by 128.
5/128
Divide 0 by -117.
0
Calculate 30 divided by -48.
-5/8
10794 divided by 2
5397
3 divided by -4
-3/4
33 divided by -33
-1
Calculate 112 divided by -4.
-28
Divide 3 by 1011.
1/337
What is 1931 divided by 2?
1931/2
-62 divided by 26
-31/13
Calculate 0 divided by 40.
0
What is 2635 divided by -85?
-31
Calculate 12 divided by -3.
-4
What is -80 divided by -16?
5
What is -68 divided by 47?
-68/47
Divide 350 by -23.
-350/23
Divide -38 by 2.
-19
Divide 8 by 132.
2/33
Calculate -7695 divided by 513.
-15
Divide 28 by -9.
-28/9
-858 divided by 5
-858/5
Divide 4233 by -3.
-1411
Calculate -860 divided by -430.
2
Divide 0 by 7.
0
Divide 4104 by 38.
108
Divide 137 by 4.
137/4
What is 35 divided by -10?
-7/2
What is -147 divided by -21?
7
Divide 1065 by 5.
213
3980 divided by -5
-796
Divide -15000 by -3.
5000
Calculate -13280 divided by -32.
415
376 divided by 47
8
Calculate 0 divided by 532.
0
Calculate -1248 divided by 312.
-4
Divide 524 by -4.
-131
Calculate 972 divided by 162.
6
Divide -47764 by -4.
11941
Calculate -2610 divided by 90.
-29
Divide 31777 by -6.
-31777/6
11 divided by -141
-11/141
What is 3195 divided by -639?
-5
Divide -2299 by -209.
11
39 divided by -122
-39/122
Divide 498 by -2.
-249
Calculate -25 divided by -1.
25
Divide -16 by 11.
-16/11
Calculate -954 divided by 477.
-2
What is 82 divided by -2?
-41
2672 divided by 3
2672/3
Calculate -73458 divided by 3.
-24486
-45 divided by 15
-3
What is -13444 divided by -2?
6722
Divide -76 by 4.
-19
Calculate 0 divided by 49.
0
Calculate 10328 divided by 4.
2582
What is -39 divided by 3?
-13
Calculate -7370 divided by -110.
67
Divide -20 by 4.
-5
Divide 19095 by -3.
-6365
Divide 4 by -21.
-4/21
What is -142 divided by 36?
-71/18
What is -20794 divided by 37?
-562
27 divided by 36
3/4
Calculate -23550 divided by -6.
3925
Divide 11280 by 120.
94
Divide 16092 by 4.
4023
Calculate 271 divided by -9.
-271/9
Divide 4928 by -4.
-1232
Divide -1280 by 320.
-4
Calculate -1240 divided by -4.
310
56 divided by 14
4
Divide -57 by 38.
-3/2
What is -10612 divided by -4?
2653
What is -9476 divided by -206?
46
What is -643 divided by 6?
-643/6
Divide -364 by -26.
14
-11785 divided by -5
2357
Calculate 138 divided by 3.
46
What is 11 divided by 3291?
11/3291
Divide 6 by 186.
1/31
129 divided by 43
3
Calculate -7262 divided by -2.
3631
Divide 160 by -40.
-4
Divide 1105 by 221.
5
What is -255 divided by 5?
-51
Divide 15 by 12.
5/4
Calculate -27460 divided by -4.
6865
Calculate 180 divided by 6.
30
11016 divided by 5508
2
What is -180 divided by 1?
-180
798 divided by -6
-133
What is 352 divided by -352?
-1
What is 231 divided by -77?
-3
Divide 71 by 9.
71/9
Divide 9 by -3.
-3
What is -753 divided by 1?
-753
Divide 34 by 2.
17
What is 942 divided by 471?
2
What is 3100 divided by -20?
-155
What is -212 divided by -5?
212/5
Calculate 83 divided by -52.
-83/52
479 divided by -3
-479/3
Divide -2000 by -4.
500
1 divided by -1333
-1/1333
-1780 divided by 11
-1780/11
What is 7719 divided by -3?
-2573
Divide -7 by -1733.
7/1733
Calculate 5 divided by 757.
5/757
What is -30784 divided by 4?
-7696
Divide 4 by 215.
4/215
What is 7413 divided by -1?
-7413
Divide -48 by -16.
3
Calculate -133 divided by 1.
-133
Divide -234 by 2.
-117
Calculate -3 divided by 118.
-3/118
25 divided by -192
-25/192
Divide -961 by -1.
961
What is 9540 divided by -15?
-636
-32 divided by -44
8/11
Calculate 1 divided by -1298.
-1/1298
769 divided by 17
769/17
What is -7 divided by -7?
1
Divide 14046 by -6.
-2341
Divide -20 by 87.
-20/87
Calculate 130 divided by 26.
5
Divide -3290 by 1.
-3290
Divide -768 by 2.
-384
Calculate -100 divided by 8.
-25/2
Divide -29 by 104.
-29/104
Calculate 5 divided by 231.
5/231
Calculate 5 divided by 6.
5/6
-9 divided by -359
9/359
Calculate 290 divided by 25.
58/5
What is 7 divided by 12?
7/12
Calculate 5 divided by 154.
5/154
15600 divided by 6
2600
What is 71 divided by 10?
71/10
Divide -29548 by -2.
14774
What is 0 divided by 227?
0
347 divided by -1
-347
Calculate 8690 divided by 158.
55
-45 divided by 5
-9
Divide 2 by 21.
2/21
Divide -2387 by -2387.
1
What is -97 divided by 3?
-97/3
What is 0 divided by 9?
0
What is 11220 divided by -935?
-12
-20 divided by 1
-20
Calculate -3 divided by 962.
-3/962
What is 1980 divided by 3?
660
42 divided by -6
-7
What is -1 divided by 1891?
-1/1891
What is 99 divided by 11?
9
Divide 75 by 75.
1
Calculate 2 divided by -167.
-2/167
5 divided by 49
5/49
What is 27 divided by -4?
-27/4
3 divided by -615
-1/205
What is 688 divided by -86?
-8
Calculate -1279 divided by 1279.
-1
-1 divided by 2602
-1/2602
What is 17010 divided by -3?
-5670
Calculate 0 divided by -3713.
0
-84 divided by 5
-84/5
-2 divided by 233
-2/233
Divide 0 by -191.
0
4350 divided by 3
1450
106 divided by -4
-53/2
Divide -1914 by 6.
-319
15728 divided by -7864
-2
What is 572 divided by -13?
-44
What is 19 divided by -88?
-19/88
-4 divided by 762
-2/381
Divide 342 by 9.
38
Divide -1 by 241.
-1/241
690 divided by -138
-5
Divide -4482 by -9.
498
What is 15450 divided by -3090?
-5
Divide -1668 by 5.
-1668/5
-252 divided by 63
-4
Divide 257 by -4.
-257/4
What is 6 divided by -12?
-1/2
219 divided by -1
-219
Calculate 4 divided by 517.
4/517
5031 divided by -2
-5031/2
Divide -216 by -12.
18
Divide -4 by -19.
4/19
Calculate -180 divided by -60.
3
3 divided by -30
-1/10
Divide -611 by 4.
-611/4
-2265 divided by -1
2265
Divide -243 by 81.
-3
Divide -6720 by -4.
1680
Divide -204 by 4.
-51
What is 9372 divided by -66?
-142
Calculate -1304 divided by 4.
-326
Divide -696 by -348.
2
Calculate 176 divided by -50.
-88/25
What is 22 divided by 11?
2
Divide 2 by -71.
-2/71
What is 71 divided by -7?
-71/7
272 divided by -4
-68
Calculate -377 divided by -5.
377/5
Calculate 204 divided by 17.
12
Divide -6606 by -4.
3303/2
2 divided by 1618
1/809
-413 divided by 1
-413
What is 1785 divided by 15?
119
Divide -1120 by -4.
280
What is 5 divided by 982?
5/982
What is -60 divided by -38?
30/19
-7 divided by 4059
-7/4059
Divide -23 by -5.
23/5
-2 divided by -37
2/37
Divide 35088 by 4.
8772
Calculate -1206 divided by -1.
1206
Divide -149 by -2.
149/2
-941 divided by -1
941
Divide 1926 by 3.
642
What is -4 divided by -3245?
4/3245
What is -2 divided by -164?
1/82
Calculate 127 divided by -55.
-127/55
Divide 4116 by 14.
294
Calculate -34 divided by 13.
-34/13
416 divided by -4
-104
What is -323 divided by 13?
-323/13
Calculate 18970 divided by -5.
-3794
Divide 13624 by 26.
524
-8418 divided by -2806
3
Divide -1550 by 2.
-775
308 divided by -2
-154
-17 divided by -5
17/5
Calculate -3070 divided by 614.
-5
What is -723 divided by -3?
241
1 divided by 2166
1/2166
What is 444 divided by -6?
-74
-18135 divided by -65
279
Divide 3 by 2468.
3/2468
7181 divided by -1
-7181
Divide -1915 by 1.
-1915
561 divided by 8
561/8
Calculate 1 divided by -393.
-1/393
What is 0 divided by -39?
0
20 divided by -28
-5/7
2345 divided by 1
2345
-6 divided by -140
3/70
Calculate -1 divided by -1899.
1/1899
Calculate 4620 divided by -6.
-770
Calculate 110 divided by -1.
-110
Calculate 5 divided by 25.
1/5
-1066 divided by -533
2
208 divided by -6
-104/3
Calculate -5 divided by -19.
5/19
What is 31 divided by -5?
-31/5
What is 51 divided by 57?
17/19
Calculate 2537 divided by -59.
-43
-36506 divided by 2
-18253
528 divided by -11
-48
Divide -1762 by 6.
-881/3
1048 divided by -524
-2
What is 12290 divided by -1229?
-10
Calculate -31 divided by 4.
-31/4
-2 divided by -18
1/9
Divide -48 by 8.
-6
What is 0 divided by 53?
0
What is -2 divided by -2906?
1/1453
Calculate 2750 divided by -25.
-110
Divide 107 by 2.
107/2
415 divided by 83
5
What is 138 divided by 17?
138/17
What is -225 divided by -24?
75/8
Divide -1424 by -4.
356
Divide 2 by -674.
-1/337
-55 divided by -6
55/6
What is 708 divided by 6?
118
-3262 divided by 7
-466
What is 56 divided by -212?
-14/53
Calculate 858 div
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
Modelling the adsorption kinetics of erythromycin onto neutral and anionic resins.
In this study the selective adsorption method was chosen to enable the recovery of erythromycin. The following sorbents were tested: neutral resins (XAD-4, XAD-7 and XAD-16) and an anionic resin (IRA-410). A mathematical kinetic model for the adsorption of erythromycin against time, on XAD-4, XAD-7 and XAD-16 resins, is proposed. Both Freundlich and Langmuir models showed a good fit for the sorbents XAD-7 and IRA-410 resins. The highest adsorption efficiency was observed when synthetic neutral resin, XAD-7 and XAD-16, were used. The estimated affinity and concentration factors show that the neutral resins tested are adequate for the selective adsorption of erythromycin. The estimated values of enthalpy and free energy of adsorption, lower than 12 kJ mol(-1) and -2 kJ mol(-1), respectively, indicate that a physiosorption process occurred.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
K-Theory of $C(X)$ for $X$ totally disconnected
I am studying K-Theory for C*-algebras by the following book:
Rordam, Larsen and Laustsen.
I am having a problem with the the Exercise 3.4, which is:
Let $X$ be any compact Housdorff space.
In the part (i) of the exercise, I have shown that there is a surjective group homomorphism
$$\text{dim}: K_0(C(X)) \to C(X, \mathbb{Z})$$
which satisfies $\text{dim}([p]_0)(x)=\text{Tr}(p(x))$.
In the part (ii) of the exercise, I have shown that $\text{dim}([p]_0)=\text{dim}([q]_0)$ iff for each $x \in X$ there exists $v_x \in M_{m,n}(\mathbb{C})$ such that $v_xv_x^*=p(x)$ and $v_x^*v_x=q(x)$, for $p$ is a projection in $M_m(C(X))$ and $q$ is a projection in $M_m(C(X))$.
My problem is the part (iii) of this exercise, that is, I can not show that the $\text{dim}$ map in (i) is injective if $X$ is totally disconected.
Does anyone have have an ideia to help me?
Thank you!
A:
By continuity of $p, q :X \rightarrow M_n \mathbb(C)$, and (ii), and the total disconnectedess of $X$, find a partition of X into clopen sets $X_1,\cdots, X_k$ and complex matrix $v_1,\cdots,v_k$ such that $\|v_i^*v_i - p(x)\|<1$ and $\|v_iv_i^* - q(x)\|<1$ for all $x \in X_i$.
Now, define the map $f: X \rightarrow M_n (C)$, $f(x) = v_i$, $x \in X_i$, and notice that $f$ is continuous. Prove that $\|f^*f - p\|<1$ and $\|ff^* - q\| <1$. So $p$ is Murray-von Neumann equivalent the $q$.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Q:
How to write a SQL to cascadingly accumulate rows of data?
I have a work plan in DB as follows. For instance, the first row means that Team A has 10 hours' work to do in June (SP1006).
Team Sprint WorkHours
A 1006 10
A 1007 20
A 1008 30
A 1009 40
B 1008 50
B 1009 60
B 1010 70
I want to derive it into the following form to show: at the end of each month, how many hours are left to be done, according to the work plan. As you see, the fields of the derived table depend on the original datatable too.
Team SP1005 SP1006 SP1007 SP1008 SP1009 SP1010
A 100 90 70 40 0 0
B 180 180 180 130 70 0
I'm trying to do this on SQL Server 2000. This is really hard for me. Can someone give some help? Thanks a lot!
Edit: Or you can ignore the row-to-column transformation part, (which I know how to do,) just concentrate on the accumulation part.
A:
For the accumulation part use a cursor. Unless the result set is very small (maybe <100 rows to process) when you can get away with a triangular join like.
SELECT t1.Team, t1.Sprint,g.wh-SUM(t2.WorkHours)
FROM tbl t1 JOIN tbl t2 ON t1.Team = t2.Team AND t2.Sprint <= t1.Sprint
JOIN
(SELECT SUM(WorkHours) AS wh, Team FROM tbl GROUP BY Team) g ON t1.Team=g.Team
GROUP BY t1.Team, t1.Sprint,g.wh
But as the number of rows grows the amount of work required by the triangular join grows exponentially.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
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$it.errorPath = it.opts._errorDataPathProperty
? it.errorPath
: it.util.getPathExpr(it.errorPath, $key, it.opts.jsonPointers);
var $passData = $data + '[' + $key + ']';
$it.dataPathArr[$dataNxt] = $key;
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{{# def.generateSubschemaCode }}
{{# def.optimizeValidate }}
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{{
var $key = 'key' + $lvl
, $idx = 'idx' + $lvl
, $dataNxt = $it.dataLevel = it.dataLevel + 1
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, $dataProperties = 'dataProperties' + $lvl;
var $schemaKeys = Object.keys($schema || {})
, $pProperties = it.schema.patternProperties || {}
, $pPropertyKeys = Object.keys($pProperties)
, $aProperties = it.schema.additionalProperties
, $someProperties = $schemaKeys.length || $pPropertyKeys.length
, $noAdditional = $aProperties === false
, $additionalIsSchema = typeof $aProperties == 'object'
&& Object.keys($aProperties).length
, $removeAdditional = it.opts.removeAdditional
, $checkAdditional = $noAdditional || $additionalIsSchema || $removeAdditional
, $ownProperties = it.opts.ownProperties
, $currentBaseId = it.baseId;
var $required = it.schema.required;
if ($required && !(it.opts.$data && $required.$data) && $required.length < it.opts.loopRequired)
var $requiredHash = it.util.toHash($required);
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var {{=$errs}} = errors;
var {{=$nextValid}} = true;
{{? $ownProperties }}
var {{=$dataProperties}} = undefined;
{{?}}
{{? $checkAdditional }}
{{# def.iterateProperties }}
{{? $someProperties }}
var isAdditional{{=$lvl}} = !(false
{{? $schemaKeys.length }}
{{? $schemaKeys.length > 8 }}
|| validate.schema{{=$schemaPath}}.hasOwnProperty({{=$key}})
{{??}}
{{~ $schemaKeys:$propertyKey }}
|| {{=$key}} == {{= it.util.toQuotedString($propertyKey) }}
{{~}}
{{?}}
{{?}}
{{? $pPropertyKeys.length }}
{{~ $pPropertyKeys:$pProperty:$i }}
|| {{= it.usePattern($pProperty) }}.test({{=$key}})
{{~}}
{{?}}
);
if (isAdditional{{=$lvl}}) {
{{?}}
{{? $removeAdditional == 'all' }}
delete {{=$data}}[{{=$key}}];
{{??}}
{{
var $currentErrorPath = it.errorPath;
var $additionalProperty = '\' + ' + $key + ' + \'';
if (it.opts._errorDataPathProperty) {
it.errorPath = it.util.getPathExpr(it.errorPath, $key, it.opts.jsonPointers);
}
}}
{{? $noAdditional }}
{{? $removeAdditional }}
delete {{=$data}}[{{=$key}}];
{{??}}
{{=$nextValid}} = false;
{{
var $currErrSchemaPath = $errSchemaPath;
$errSchemaPath = it.errSchemaPath + '/additionalProperties';
}}
{{# def.error:'additionalProperties' }}
{{ $errSchemaPath = $currErrSchemaPath; }}
{{? $breakOnError }} break; {{?}}
{{?}}
{{?? $additionalIsSchema }}
{{? $removeAdditional == 'failing' }}
var {{=$errs}} = errors;
{{# def.setCompositeRule }}
{{# def.validateAdditional }}
if (!{{=$nextValid}}) {
errors = {{=$errs}};
if (validate.errors !== null) {
if (errors) validate.errors.length = errors;
else validate.errors = null;
}
delete {{=$data}}[{{=$key}}];
}
{{# def.resetCompositeRule }}
{{??}}
{{# def.validateAdditional }}
{{? $breakOnError }} if (!{{=$nextValid}}) break; {{?}}
{{?}}
{{?}}
{{ it.errorPath = $currentErrorPath; }}
{{?}}
{{? $someProperties }}
}
{{?}}
}
{{# def.ifResultValid }}
{{?}}
{{ var $useDefaults = it.opts.useDefaults && !it.compositeRule; }}
{{? $schemaKeys.length }}
{{~ $schemaKeys:$propertyKey }}
{{ var $sch = $schema[$propertyKey]; }}
{{? {{# def.nonEmptySchema:$sch}} }}
{{
var $prop = it.util.getProperty($propertyKey)
, $passData = $data + $prop
, $hasDefault = $useDefaults && $sch.default !== undefined;
$it.schema = $sch;
$it.schemaPath = $schemaPath + $prop;
$it.errSchemaPath = $errSchemaPath + '/' + it.util.escapeFragment($propertyKey);
$it.errorPath = it.util.getPath(it.errorPath, $propertyKey, it.opts.jsonPointers);
$it.dataPathArr[$dataNxt] = it.util.toQuotedString($propertyKey);
}}
{{# def.generateSubschemaCode }}
{{? {{# def.willOptimize }} }}
{{
$code = {{# def._optimizeValidate }};
var $useData = $passData;
}}
{{??}}
{{ var $useData = $nextData; }}
var {{=$nextData}} = {{=$passData}};
{{?}}
{{? $hasDefault }}
{{= $code }}
{{??}}
{{? $requiredHash && $requiredHash[$propertyKey] }}
if ({{# def.noPropertyInData }}) {
{{=$nextValid}} = false;
{{
var $currentErrorPath = it.errorPath
, $currErrSchemaPath = $errSchemaPath
, $missingProperty = it.util.escapeQuotes($propertyKey);
if (it.opts._errorDataPathProperty) {
it.errorPath = it.util.getPath($currentErrorPath, $propertyKey, it.opts.jsonPointers);
}
$errSchemaPath = it.errSchemaPath + '/required';
}}
{{# def.error:'required' }}
{{ $errSchemaPath = $currErrSchemaPath; }}
{{ it.errorPath = $currentErrorPath; }}
} else {
{{??}}
{{? $breakOnError }}
if ({{# def.noPropertyInData }}) {
{{=$nextValid}} = true;
} else {
{{??}}
if ({{=$useData}} !== undefined
{{? $ownProperties }}
&& {{# def.isOwnProperty }}
{{?}}
) {
{{?}}
{{?}}
{{= $code }}
}
{{?}} {{ /* $hasDefault */ }}
{{?}} {{ /* def.nonEmptySchema */ }}
{{# def.ifResultValid }}
{{~}}
{{?}}
{{? $pPropertyKeys.length }}
{{~ $pPropertyKeys:$pProperty }}
{{ var $sch = $pProperties[$pProperty]; }}
{{? {{# def.nonEmptySchema:$sch}} }}
{{
$it.schema = $sch;
$it.schemaPath = it.schemaPath + '.patternProperties' + it.util.getProperty($pProperty);
$it.errSchemaPath = it.errSchemaPath + '/patternProperties/'
+ it.util.escapeFragment($pProperty);
}}
{{# def.iterateProperties }}
if ({{= it.usePattern($pProperty) }}.test({{=$key}})) {
{{
$it.errorPath = it.util.getPathExpr(it.errorPath, $key, it.opts.jsonPointers);
var $passData = $data + '[' + $key + ']';
$it.dataPathArr[$dataNxt] = $key;
}}
{{# def.generateSubschemaCode }}
{{# def.optimizeValidate }}
{{? $breakOnError }} if (!{{=$nextValid}}) break; {{?}}
}
{{? $breakOnError }} else {{=$nextValid}} = true; {{?}}
}
{{# def.ifResultValid }}
{{?}} {{ /* def.nonEmptySchema */ }}
{{~}}
{{?}}
{{? $breakOnError }}
{{= $closingBraces }}
if ({{=$errs}} == errors) {
{{?}}
{{# def.cleanUp }}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
The present invention relates to processes for synthesis of polymer compositions with reduced catalyst content, wherein ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing less than 0.5 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated monomers with at least one carboxylic group, sulfonic acid group and/or at least one phosphonic acid group relative to the total weight of the ethylenically unsaturated monomers are polymerized by means of initiators containing a transferable group of atoms and of one or more catalysts comprising at least one transition metal in the presence of ligands which can form a coordination compound with the metal catalyst or catalysts and, after the polymerization, the catalyst present in the polymer is at least partly separated. The present invention also relates to polymer compositions obtainable by the inventive method as well as to the use of same.
Radical polymerization is an important commercial process for synthesis of diverse polymers, such as PMMA and polystyrene. It suffers from the disadvantage that it is relatively difficult to control the composition of the polymers, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution.
One solution to this problem is offered by the so-called ATRP process (=Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization). It is assumed that this process comprises xe2x80x9clivingxe2x80x9d radical polymerization, although the description of the mechanism is not to be construed as limitative. In this process a transition metal compound is reacted with a compound containing a transferable group of atoms. Under these conditions the transferable group of atoms is transferred to the transition metal compound, whereby the metal is oxidized. A radical that adds onto ethylenic groups is formed in this reaction. The transfer of the group of atoms to the transition metal compound is reversible, however, and so the group of atoms is transferred back to the growing polymer chain, whereby a controlled polymerization system is formed. Accordingly it is possible to control the composition of the polymer, the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution.
This reaction procedure is described, for example, by J -S. Wang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 117, pp. 5614-5615 (1995), and by Matyjaszewski, Macromolecules, Vol. 28, pp. 7901-7910 (1995). Furthermore, International Patent Applications WO 96/30421, WO 97/47661, WO 97/18247, WO 98/20050, WO 98/40415 and WO 99/10387 disclose modifications of the aforesaid ATRP.
The mechanism described hereinabove is not undisputed. WO 97/47661, for example, states that polymerization takes place by insertion, and not by a radical mechanism. Such a differentiation is not pertinent to the present invention, however, since in the reaction procedure disclosed in WO 97/47661 there are used compounds which are also employed for ATRP.
The monomers, transition metal catalysts, ligands and initiators are chosen on the basis of the polymer solution desired. It is assumed that a high rate constant of the reaction between the transition metal/ligand complex and the transferable group of atoms, plus a low equilibrium concentration of free radicals, is essential for a narrow molecular weight distribution. If the free radical concentration is too high, typical termination reactions, which are responsible for a broad molecular weight distribution, will occur. The exchange rate depends, for example, on the transferable group of atoms, on the transition metal, on the ligands and on the anion of the transition metal compound. The person skilled in the art will find valuable advice on selection of these compounds in, for example, International Patent WO 98/40415. The advantages of known ATRP processes, however, are largely limited to monomers which are themselves polar or which are readily soluble in polar media. Certainly the occasional use of nonpolar aprotic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclohexane and hexane is also known from the literature, but the polymers synthesized with these solvents exhibit much greater polydispersity. This effect is described in, for example, WO 98/40415.
The same document also discloses the possibility of polymerizing polar monomers such as methyl methacrylate or styrene by means of metallic copper, but the molecular weight distribution is much more unfavorable than in the use of a mixture of Cu0/CuBr or Cu0/CuBr2.
In Pol. Preprint (ACS, Div. Pol. Chem)., 1999, 40(2), 432, M. J. Ziegler et al. state among other facts that the polymerization of t-butyl methacrylate is difficult to control if the said process takes place in bulk. Both the molecular weight and the polydispersity can be improved by using approximately 20 to 25 wt % of polar solvents. Of course, because of the limited solubility in polar solvents of ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds containing alkyl or heteroalkyl groups with at least 8 carbon atoms, it is difficult by means of the known ATRP processes to polymerize ethylenically unsaturated monomer mixtures that contain at least 50 wt % of ethylenically unsaturated ester compounds containing alkyl or heteroalkyl chains with at least 8 carbon atoms. Furthermore, depending on use, these large volumes of polar solvents must be separated from the composition after synthesis of the polymers.
A further disadvantage of the known ATRP processes can be seen in the fact that the resulting polymers and polymer solutions contain residues of the metal catalysts used. These catalyst residues can be detrimental for many applications, since they adversely influence the product properties of the polymer and also can lower its environmental compatibility.
Because of the high viscosity of the polymer solution and the small particle size of the catalyst, separation of the catalyst residues by means of filtration is possiblexe2x80x94if at allxe2x80x94only with difficulty and by means of time-consuming and costly procedures. It requires the use of relatively large quantities of filter aids, which are known in themselves, such as cellulose, silica gel, Kieselgur (such as Celite(copyright)), perlite, wood charcoal and sawdust, whereby the filtration rate is reduced so severely that practical application of such processes for separation of catalyst residues is not possible on the large industrial scale.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
A history teacher and water polo coach at The Lawrenceville School, a private boarding high school, was charged Monday with inappropriately touching two teen students while they were sleeping, authorities said.
Dominic Brown, 23, is charged with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual contact and two counts of endangering the welfare of a child, Mercer County Prosecutor Angelo Onofri said.
Brown, a second-year teaching fellow at The Lawrenceville School, entered the boys’ dorm rooms early Saturday and molested them, authorities said. The boys contacted campus security who called police.
A letter from Headmaster Steve Murray provided to NJ Advance Media said Brown has been fired and banned from campus.
“This incident is deeply troubling and violates the foundation of trust that our community holds between adults and the students in our care," he wrote. "Nothing in the teacher’s background check or references would have led us to believe he would act in this manner.”
Brown’s LinkedIn page says he is a master’s candidate at the University of Pennsylvania who had held the teaching fellow job since June 2018.
The Lawrenceville School consistently ranks among the most expensive private high schools in the country. The annual tuition, room and board is currently $67,900 for students who reside on campus, according to the school’s website.
Authorities are still investigating the case and ask anyone with information to contact Detective Alicia Bergondo of the Mercer County Prosecutor’s Office Special Victims Unit at 609-989-6568.
Joe Brandt can be reached at jbrandt@njadvancemedia.com. Follow him on Twitter @JBrandt_NJ. Find NJ.com on Facebook.
Have a tip? Tell us. nj.com/tips Get the latest updates right in your inbox. Subscribe to NJ.com’s newsletters.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
I ended up not going to the book club meeting again. Instead, I played on the computer and lost track of time. When I looked at my watch, it was 7:10 pm, I had to be there by 7:30.
I actually hopped in my car and drove to the Heart of Darkness (AKA New Haven CT), parked in a garage and stood in front of 300 George St.
It was a big building.
Me – “What room is it in?”
I looked at my phone to see it was 10 of 8. It was getting dark. I was hungry, dehydrated, tired and scared. It was only 30 days prior in that exact location where they found a bloodied human torso.
Me – “Walking back to my car will be a bitch. And I’ll be tipsy on wine……it’s scary here. It’s freaking scary.”
In other words, I chickened out. I totally and completely chickened the fuck out.
I posted a message on their website apologizing for not showing up due to tardiness and the organizer responded back with, “Everyone’s late. You would have been in time for pizza!”
While I was on the Meetup website, another group was recommended to me. A writers workshop group. I clicked ADD ME.
It’ll be just another group that I’ll say I’ll attend but never do. The thought of going seems like a wonderful fantastic idea but once I’m home, it’s hard prying myself back out. I’ve always suffered with this affliction. Especially if it entails me having to drive into the Heart of Darkness meeting people I’ve never met before.
And I’ve developed a new system for keeping track of member clients. Well, I didn’t actually come up with it, my new employee did.
But in order to change over to the new improved system, I have countless hours ahead of me with having to go through each member and looking up their history, all their appointments, all the times they’ve been billed – it will take a gargantuan amount of time. Seemingly, an infinite (yes infinite) amount of time.
There’s always shit I have to do and whilst in the midst of getting this shit done I always say to myself, “this will be the only time I’ll ever have to do this. Once it’s done, it’s done.”
But then a completely new shit will arrive. There’s ALWAYS shit!
You want to know the worst shit of all? Sheets. Going to the laundromat to wash sheets.
I. Fucking. Hate. It.
I blocked off tomorrow night for some reason. I wrote in the notes “I have plans.”
I block time off my schedule whenever I make plans so my employee’s know not to schedule me. But I always forget what my plans are – almost every single time I forget.
So, I have plans tomorrow night. Friday night. I’m sure those plans, whatever they may be, are awesome. But guess what those plans are now? Washing fucking sheets. I’m glad I blocked off Friday night – I’m glad so I can wash fucking sheets.
I’m miserable at the laundromat. Everyone knows to stay away from me. I put on my heavy-duty headphones so I can’t hear myself swear.
I have the habit of swearing in my head. “Fuck this, fuck that, fuck fuck fuck.” But when I’m at the laundromat, it’s audible. I can’t contain it.
When I drop my quarters on the floor, “Son of a fuck.”
While I’m struggling with stuffing clean sheets into my sack, “Son of a fuck whore.”
When the sheets take forever to dry, “You’re kidding me with this shit.” I fish out another quarter, shove it in the machine, “Fucking dry already!”
All while listening to my headphones, being completely deaf to myself.
The first thing I must do after fixing my debt is to get my employee’s mother to start washing sheets again. This is URGENT. Other than my impending doom involving the police, washing sheets is the next urgent matter. It’s killing me. It’s turning my nails yellow.
I NEVER swear. You can ask anybody, I’m not a swearer. But nowadays it’s slipping out unperturbed. Audible diarrhea.
I desperately need to write my book.
Every great once in a while (about once a month), I find myself with nothing to do for the day. I’m rested up, fed, everything’s done. That’s the time I ask myself, “what do you want to do today more than anything?”
Write. It’s always write.
I used to love playing alone when I was a kid. I was able to concoct fantastical worlds using pure imagination – my imagination, my rules, my world. I had the best time of my life doing this.
I remember when that feeling started slipping away. When I held an action figure in my hand and I was like, what the hell do I do with this? I tried playing with it, but it lost all magic.
You have no idea how deviated this made me. I was heartbroken. My one true joy in life no longer filled me and it edged a little bitterness into my heart.
I washed this bitterness down with video games. I was around 9 when it happened, close to 10. My aunt bought me a really cool Teenage Ninja Turtle fortress for Christmas and I was looking forward to playing with it, but I couldn’t even when I tried.
But I think it’s because of my love of fantasy, that makes me want to write. To be able to experience that world again, to completely lose myself in its divinity. Oh God how I loved it. I even remember the stories I made up!
2 responses to “I Missed it Again”
Playing alone possible homework- build a mini house, that old school magic may come back to u. This works for me. Plus the massive amount of toys I own. I’m 33 btw. The mini house goes like this… Dig. Dig- I LOOOVED digging holes when I was a kid, always in trouble for it. Dig a hole, then start to scratch out widows in the side… Make mini stairs.. If someone u liked liven is this cave/carved palace- where would yor house be? Next door or across the expanse of the gorge(hole) build a whole dead-sea-scroll-cave-area for you to bunker down in when you and your people need a secret place to live! This crazy? This works for me. This no work for u? I have other suggestions. Actionfigures not needed- use rocks or salt n pep shakers for the people but- the people don’t excite me, it’s the building of a space for myself that makes this fun for me, till it isn’t anymore and by then it’s probably lunch time or dinner time and u fill in the hole and go in
I remember digging holes. Especially with my twin cousins in their backyard. I wanted to dig all the way down to China but my cousins who are a year and a half younger than me, thought we’d hit hell before China. One of them pretended like she felt the horn of the devil and I was like, pfff, that’s impossible. Instead of digging deeper, we filled the hole with water and made mud pies instead. Maybe we were scared to go deeper?
I love the idea of a secret place to go to. An underground waterfall would be awesome. But I used to wish for this underground cave for the sole purpose to be able to play video games without anyone bothering me.
I have a website stored in my favorites about how to built a mini-house. I would love to live in a mini house! I actually looked at small parcels of empty land for sale for me to build on.
I played with salt and pepper shakers when I was a kid, I played with everything. On long car rides when I forgot my toys, I’d play with string and pretend they were people.
You won’t find why the detective was there at my biz. I don’t want anyone knowing what happened yet. It’s still too fresh.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Tom Ross (ice hockey)
Tom Ross (born January 17, 1954 in Detroit, Michigan) is a former professional ice hockey centre.
Prior to turning professional, Ross played four years (1972–76) of NCAA hockey with Michigan State University. He is the all-time leader in career points at the Division I level with 324 points in 115 games played.
As a professional, Ross played 216 games in the IHL with the Port Huron Flags (1976–77) and the Kalamazoo Wings (1977–80). He also played one game in the CHL with the Kansas City Red Wings, and three games in the AHL with the Adirondack Red Wings.
Awards and honors
References
External links
Category:1954 births
Category:Adirondack Red Wings players
Category:American men's ice hockey centers
Category:Ice hockey people from Michigan
Category:Kalamazoo Wings (1974–2000) players
Category:Kansas City Red Wings players
Category:Living people
Category:Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey players
Category:Port Huron Flags players
Category:Sportspeople from Detroit
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Cost of Immediate Surgery Versus Non-operative Treatment for Trigger Finger in Diabetic Patients.
As health care costs continue to rise, providers must increasingly identify and implement cost-effective practice measures without sacrificing quality of care. Corticosteroid injections are an established treatment for trigger finger; however, numerous clinical trials have documented the limited efficacy of these injections in the diabetic population. Furthermore, the most cost-effective treatment strategy for diabetic trigger finger has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to perform a decision analysis to identify the least costly strategy for effective treatment of diabetic trigger finger using existing evidence in the literature. Four treatment strategies for diabetic trigger finger were identified: (1) 1 steroid injection followed by surgical release, (2) 2 steroid injections followed by surgical release, (3) immediate surgical release in the operating room, and (4) immediate surgical release in the clinic. A literature review was conducted to determine success rates of the different treatment strategies. Costing analysis was performed using our institutional reimbursement from Medicare. One-way sensitivity and threshold analysis was utilized to determine the least costly treatment strategy. The least costly treatment strategy was immediate surgical release in the clinic. In patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, this strategy results in a 32% and a 39% cost reduction when compared with treatment with 1 or 2 corticosteroid injections, respectively. For 1 or 2 corticosteroid injections to be the most cost-effective strategy, injection failure rates would need to be less than 36% and 34%, respectively. The overall cost of care for immediate surgical release in the clinic was $642. Diabetic trigger finger is a common problem faced by hand surgeons, with a variety of acceptable treatment algorithms. Management of diabetic trigger finger with immediate surgical release in the clinic is the most cost-effective treatment strategy, assuming a corticosteroid injection failure rate of at least 34%. Economic/decision III.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
/*
Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package v1
import (
rest "k8s.io/client-go/rest"
)
// SelfSubjectAccessReviewsGetter has a method to return a SelfSubjectAccessReviewInterface.
// A group's client should implement this interface.
type SelfSubjectAccessReviewsGetter interface {
SelfSubjectAccessReviews() SelfSubjectAccessReviewInterface
}
// SelfSubjectAccessReviewInterface has methods to work with SelfSubjectAccessReview resources.
type SelfSubjectAccessReviewInterface interface {
SelfSubjectAccessReviewExpansion
}
// selfSubjectAccessReviews implements SelfSubjectAccessReviewInterface
type selfSubjectAccessReviews struct {
client rest.Interface
}
// newSelfSubjectAccessReviews returns a SelfSubjectAccessReviews
func newSelfSubjectAccessReviews(c *AuthorizationV1Client) *selfSubjectAccessReviews {
return &selfSubjectAccessReviews{
client: c.RESTClient(),
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
SQL Server Data Tools-BI for Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2012?
I've installed Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Desktop. Can I install Microsoft SQL Server Data Tools - Business Intelligence for Visual Studio 2012?
I have Windows 7 Pro x64 and SQL Server 2008 RTM (build 10.0.1600.22).
A:
The Express versions of Visual Studio are free.
And you get what you pay for - none of them can be extended, at all.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Product Information
Publisher's Description
▼▲
Help bring combat veterans all the way back home. Over a half million combat veterans have returned from Iraq and Afghanistan. With thousands of military personnel still deployed, few communities escape the direct impact of solders returning from war. Yet their needs and the needs of their families are often hidden in plain sight in our congregations and communities. This book identifies specific needs of veterans and their families and gives creative and practical ways your church can minister to them. It is a must have for anyone serious about giving back to those who have given so much. "You [Thompson and Wetterstrom] are plowing very important ground, and I thank you for the reminder." - author Philip Yancey
Author Bio
▼▲
David A. Thompson is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and a retired Navy Chaplain who assists deploying and returning soldiers and their families. He and his family have experienced several deployments with both the Navy and Marine Corps and know the challenges of coming home after war. David is an ordained minister with the Free Methodist Church of North America and, while active duty, was endorsed by the Free Methodist Church and The United Methodist Church.Darlene F. Wetterstrom is a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker (LICSW) with extensive experience working with children and families in a variety of settings, including the military. Darlene is a member of Woodbury United Methodist Church in Woodbury, Minnesota, where her husband serves as senior pastor.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
It will feature apps designed especially for the car
iCar: The merger of cars and smartphones is getting a boost from Volkswagen (PINK:VLKAY), USA TODAY notes. At an auto show in Shanghai, China, on Friday, the German car maker unveiled a new version of its popular Beetle compact car that includes dock for Apple‘s (NASDAQ:AAPL) iPhone 5 built into the dashboard. The dock allows the iPhone to integrate directly with vehicle systems. Volkswagen has also teamed with Apple to create apps specifically designed for the Beetle. Wireless connectivity between iPhones and the Beetle’s internal systems is also included. Beetle-specific apps allow users to stream music or online radio through the car’s audio system, compare route time and fuel use, monitor vehicle diagnostics, listen to messages read out loud and advise friends of the car’s current location. The Beetle revealed today will hit showrooms early next year.
Wrist Interest: If Apple ultimately does launch a smartwatch, it will find a significant number of consumers interested in the device, AppleInsider notes. In March, ChangeWave Research surveyed 1,713 North American consumers and found 5% who said they were “very likely” and 19% who said they were “likely” to purchase an iWatch. Additionally, 14% indicated that they were “somewhat likely” to buy an iWatch. 18% of “likely” iWatch purchasers expressed loyalty to the Apple brand as motivating their intention to purchase an Apple smart watch, while 16% cited convenience offered by the still-hypothetical device.
Pad Power: 82% of people who browse the web on their tablets use iPads, Forbes notes. That data comes from Chitika Insights, which surveyed ad impressions from tens of millions of Canadian and American tablet users in March. Apple’s share of web impressions rose from 80.5% in February. Chitika’s results support other data from MoPub, which found that mobile advertising dollars spent on iOS devices increased to 75% last month. iPhones now account for more than 50% of all monthly mobile ad spending.
For more about the company, check out our previous Apple Rumors stories.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Q:
Can't find where form is processed?
I'm using a wordpress theme that i want to customize and i cannot find where the custom post type Services form $_POST values are processed. The form action returns to the same page but when looking at the page and the wrapper page, i cannot see any functions that process $_POST values?
Here is the form action
<form id="edit-service" class="edit-service" enctype="multipart/form-data" method="post" action="http://example.com/add-service/?step=edit-info&hash=427d72b2fe6d0e70a9cb" novalidate="novalidate"></form>
How do i debug this to find where $_POST values are being processed?
A:
In the add-service (controller?) you can either do the following:
echo "<pre>";
var_dump($_POST);
echo "</pre>";
exit;
If you are using firefox you could also use the Tamper Data extension, which let's you view and edit all POST data.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Payne Baker - Imagine
$3,800.00
mixed media on canvas
60 x 48
White Glove Delivery Shipping
This item requires "white glove delivery" or special packaging and handling. The shipping cost associated will be automatically calculated during our checkout process. If you're local, we also offer in-store pick-up. We can't wait to get your special purchase on its way to you!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
I dont know if this where the right place to post but here it is. This is most applicable for those minimum wage earner who struggles in life and wanted to invest too.
* DONT SPEND BEYOND WHAT YOU EARN.
This is particular to those credit card addicts where swipping it is their life. They spend most of their needs on cards, groceries, gadgets installment etc. They spend beyond their limits and usually paying excess charges because of this. They often didnt get through this swipe pay cycle because of their limited fund capacity.
* SAVE FIRST BEFORE SPENDING
I think this is the hardest part of the financial budget if you are earning just right for paying your monthly bill and daily necessities. But what will you have to do ? . You dont need that high portion of savings everytime. For example , you have $50 on your hand in excess of your expenses, budget it for a week in a very cheap way , groceries would be better, then save what is remained. Take aside your weekly starbucks and put it on your bank.You can take coffe at home or on a cheap way. Small amounts will get big in a time and you can start investing after. You can always reward yourself after if you start investing and earned passively.
* SET SOME GOALS
This is the most effective way ive done so far. Being comitted on your goal is almost 100% sure. If you are setting a goal for example this year where you have to save $5 weekly and you will save $260 in the end of the year, if you always looking for the outcome, im sure you will do this without leaping or maybe advance save it up.
All three of this is what i do everytime ans it helps me save and gain some capitals for investment on cryptocurrency. I hope these three would help someone even on a little way.
This particular question is tackled about more spending money and savings. I really like your concern and idea, hopefully many people realize on how the way they manage their income and their expenses. Because to much spending of money causes negative income, and suffered more future payables and debt. Actually, mostly people has the characteristics of being thrifty are those rich people, because they are more on saving money, but for those people that only a workers having minimum income are performing more on expenses rather than saving, hopefully this question gave us a learning lesson on how to save money rather than too much spending.
You should set your goal before anything else because its hard to invest when you don't have this thing and you might be controlled by greed.Over all this is a good financial tips for everyone, and I hope many people find this thing helpful.
That’s timely as the bitcoin price is lower and opportunity for small investors is bigger, if only they follow such advices to help them to priorities investment. This three tips can be a life changer for regular employee who struggle to survive in our country. Spending beyond what we need and just what we wanted to, is one reason we can’t save. This attitude should change.
A lot of people heard this thing before and yet they still ended up nothing. Why? because they are afraid to take some risk.
I consider myself as a financial advocate but not that professional, telling people to invest and save for their future but sad thing is they don't care about their future, they said "You Only Live Once" without planning for tomorrow.
Find this thing helpful because this is what we need right now, we have to start setting our goals, changing our lifestyle in order for us to survive in the future, let's keep telling people about this thing until they realize how good investments are specially with cryptos.
I dont know if this where the right place to post but here it is. This is most applicable for those minimum wage earner who struggles in life and wanted to invest too.
* DONT SPEND BEYOND WHAT YOU EARN.
This is particular to those credit card addicts where swipping it is their life. They spend most of their needs on cards, groceries, gadgets installment etc. They spend beyond their limits and usually paying excess charges because of this. They often didnt get through this swipe pay cycle because of their limited fund capacity.
* SAVE FIRST BEFORE SPENDING
I think this is the hardest part of the financial budget if you are earning just right for paying your monthly bill and daily necessities. But what will you have to do ? . You dont need that high portion of savings everytime. For example , you have $50 on your hand in excess of your expenses, budget it for a week in a very cheap way , groceries would be better, then save what is remained. Take aside your weekly starbucks and put it on your bank.You can take coffe at home or on a cheap way. Small amounts will get big in a time and you can start investing after. You can always reward yourself after if you start investing and earned passively.
* SET SOME GOALS
This is the most effective way ive done so far. Being comitted on your goal is almost 100% sure. If you are setting a goal for example this year where you have to save $5 weekly and you will save $260 in the end of the year, if you always looking for the outcome, im sure you will do this without leaping or maybe advance save it up.
All three of this is what i do everytime ans it helps me save and gain some capitals for investment on cryptocurrency. I hope these three would help someone even on a little way.
Its easy to say but it is hard to do.In reality, 80% of the population knows about savings, about investment and about how to divide their money according to their needs but why there is always lack of financial stability?Practically speaking, our monthly income specially in a developing country is not enough to sustain our daily needs. For example: in my country, the basic salary for a teacher is just $400 every month. I will divide my daily cost for a month.1. $30 - electric bill2. $20 - water bill3. $200 - food4. $40 - transportation5. $50 - food supplements for my mother6. $10 - rent of houseEquivalent to $350That is the exact amount I paid every month and all of them are my family's daily expenses. Only $50 left in my salary not included my tax and insurance. See? How do I save if my monthly salary is just exact to provide my family needs?Probably, we cannot make a savings if our salary is not enough to our needs. But still, I always save even 1 dollar only per month. That's my case, how about the people who are unemployed or does not have regular job?P.S. all of the value I gave is converted in the currency of my country.
yes I guess this is a good suggestion, so everyone can be more aware of how to manage their finances, well you say often people spend more money than they can get just because they get credit they sometimes forget the interest from their installment.so I also started following the advice of the big guys in the world like warren buffet robert kiyosaki etc.
I dont know if this where the right place to post but here it is. This is most applicable for those minimum wage earner who struggles in life and wanted to invest too.
* DONT SPEND BEYOND WHAT YOU EARN.
This is particular to those credit card addicts where swipping it is their life. They spend most of their needs on cards, groceries, gadgets installment etc. They spend beyond their limits and usually paying excess charges because of this. They often didnt get through this swipe pay cycle because of their limited fund capacity.
* SAVE FIRST BEFORE SPENDING
I think this is the hardest part of the financial budget if you are earning just right for paying your monthly bill and daily necessities. But what will you have to do ? . You dont need that high portion of savings everytime. For example , you have $50 on your hand in excess of your expenses, budget it for a week in a very cheap way , groceries would be better, then save what is remained. Take aside your weekly starbucks and put it on your bank.You can take coffe at home or on a cheap way. Small amounts will get big in a time and you can start investing after. You can always reward yourself after if you start investing and earned passively.
* SET SOME GOALS
This is the most effective way ive done so far. Being comitted on your goal is almost 100% sure. If you are setting a goal for example this year where you have to save $5 weekly and you will save $260 in the end of the year, if you always looking for the outcome, im sure you will do this without leaping or maybe advance save it up.
All three of this is what i do everytime ans it helps me save and gain some capitals for investment on cryptocurrency. I hope these three would help someone even on a little way.
These are practical tips of saving or financial management in which people commonly forget. If they have credit cards, they keep on swipping and spending more that what they can pay. This leads to bankruptcy. Likewise, people tend to spend first rather than saving first. This way, people become less amd less intersted in saving, lastly, they commonly have no goals, like, they spend because they want.
This steps are really easy to do but sadly only a few people follow it. Most of the people would by expensive stuff just to look rich but in reality they have no money. The other way around with rich people i know, most of them live simply but have millions of money.
At the signature company, people earn much more than $ 5 a week. Reminds an anecdote:
Let me remind you. One person was asked how he became a millionaire.
The story of a millionaire: "At first I found one apple, but did not eat it, I washed it and sold it with money I bought two apples and I did not eat them either." I washed them and sold them. I bought four apples with this money. I did not eat it, I washed it and sold it, I bought eight apples for that money, and so on. "I kept increasing my capital all the time."
A millionaire asked again, after how much time he accumulated his first "apple" million.
The story of a millionaire: "I do not remember exactly, but a month later my uncle died and left me a legacy of 150 million dollars. After that, my affairs went up the hill!"
Hm, pretty convincing I believe. It is true that many people go beyond what they can afford to loose. The money is a thing which can alter your views, the way you spend money and it could make you successful or the other way round. Hence I believe spending should be taken very seriously. Many times people go on spending on unwanted things and when they loose everything then they realise that they have made the mistake. So yeah spending must be controlled and investment must be done wisely.
I like the point of saving money. Somehow I like saving a lot and this creates better hold of your money and you can be relaxed all the time and don't have to worry about the moeny. So some good points like it.
I dont know if this where the right place to post but here it is. This is most applicable for those minimum wage earner who struggles in life and wanted to invest too.
* DONT SPEND BEYOND WHAT YOU EARN.
This is particular to those credit card addicts where swipping it is their life. They spend most of their needs on cards, groceries, gadgets installment etc. They spend beyond their limits and usually paying excess charges because of this. They often didnt get through this swipe pay cycle because of their limited fund capacity.
* SAVE FIRST BEFORE SPENDING
I think this is the hardest part of the financial budget if you are earning just right for paying your monthly bill and daily necessities. But what will you have to do ? . You dont need that high portion of savings everytime. For example , you have $50 on your hand in excess of your expenses, budget it for a week in a very cheap way , groceries would be better, then save what is remained. Take aside your weekly starbucks and put it on your bank.You can take coffe at home or on a cheap way. Small amounts will get big in a time and you can start investing after. You can always reward yourself after if you start investing and earned passively.
* SET SOME GOALS
This is the most effective way ive done so far. Being comitted on your goal is almost 100% sure. If you are setting a goal for example this year where you have to save $5 weekly and you will save $260 in the end of the year, if you always looking for the outcome, im sure you will do this without leaping or maybe advance save it up.
All three of this is what i do everytime ans it helps me save and gain some capitals for investment on cryptocurrency. I hope these three would help someone even on a little way.
This is a good financial tips that most people can't do. Because every people spent more than they have untill tharego into debt. People needs mostly are over beyond their earning which is not enough to their budget that's why they forget to save even a little. We need a proper financial management for a better living. If we put it in Bitcoin as one of our financial source,first...just invest that you can afford to lose,second....if you gain from your investment devided it into three parts,25%for savings,25%for spending and 50%for investment. Then set some plans and goals that you need to do after you earn again from your investment.
It is time for a bitcoin price to be very low and an opportunity for small investors who have become a bigger , you are really following the advice and assistance of most for priorities of investment .these three tips can be a life changer of a regular employee .who struggle to survive our country will send beyond what we need and just what we wanted to be the first reason we can't save this attitude should be change and over all this financially is good tips for everybody one and hope many people will find this thing that will help everyone.
Good and interesting financial tips. You are right, it can help your finances. In fact I will add to "invest" your money, it will make good your finances in the future and I think this is very necessary to do. But economic pressures such as rising prices, a luxurious lifestyle, lack of income will make it difficult to do. Because in reality many people fail and can not do that. Need to be careful in managing finances in order to successfully do that, frugality is needed.
I dont know if this where the right place to post but here it is. This is most applicable for those minimum wage earner who struggles in life and wanted to invest too.
* DONT SPEND BEYOND WHAT YOU EARN.
This is particular to those credit card addicts where swipping it is their life. They spend most of their needs on cards, groceries, gadgets installment etc. They spend beyond their limits and usually paying excess charges because of this. They often didnt get through this swipe pay cycle because of their limited fund capacity.
* SAVE FIRST BEFORE SPENDING
I think this is the hardest part of the financial budget if you are earning just right for paying your monthly bill and daily necessities. But what will you have to do ? . You dont need that high portion of savings everytime. For example , you have $50 on your hand in excess of your expenses, budget it for a week in a very cheap way , groceries would be better, then save what is remained. Take aside your weekly starbucks and put it on your bank.You can take coffe at home or on a cheap way. Small amounts will get big in a time and you can start investing after. You can always reward yourself after if you start investing and earned passively.
* SET SOME GOALS
This is the most effective way ive done so far. Being comitted on your goal is almost 100% sure. If you are setting a goal for example this year where you have to save $5 weekly and you will save $260 in the end of the year, if you always looking for the outcome, im sure you will do this without leaping or maybe advance save it up.
All three of this is what i do everytime ans it helps me save and gain some capitals for investment on cryptocurrency. I hope these three would help someone even on a little way.
I want to add some. You must not buy things that are not necessary. Just buy those that really need in your house or for consumption everyday. Likewise, find extra things that can add up to your savings and dont rely only in one income. Have some budget plan in a week.
Just to add on the mentioned above, save to invest and don't save just to spend it. I hate to say this but, most if us save money to buy something that we want not what we really need. I know there are things that we need to be happy but we have to think about the future. Save now and be happy later. If you save enough money, you can use it to invest on bitcoin or you can try your luck on trading.
Sure this three will hard but after a few months, you will get used to it. Adding up, before you start doing these three, be sure you have settled first all your debts unless it is all be meaningless. Ive dreamt to buy our own house someday, and after a lot of savings, and hardwork, and the use of these three, hopefully, i can buy this year. Hope this can be an inspiration to everybody. And also, thanks for the help of cryptocurrencies. It really helped a lot on my financial needs.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Development of Antibacterial Drugs by Targeting Toll-Like Receptors.
The invading microbial pathogens are controlled by the rapid and effective innate immune responses sequentially formation of the long-lasting adaptive memories. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in innate and adaptive immune response by function as a bridge to modulate the immune response. Further, genetic studies in human or animals showed that regulation of TLR signaling contributes to the antibacterial efficacy, and developing novel reagent to modulate TLR related immune response becomes an interesting therapy method to against bacterial infections. Herein we review the recent developments of this area, focusing on the reagent of synthetic molecules, natural products and peptides (or proteins), as TLR-related antibacterial drugs.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 03-4686
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
versus
JOSEPH S. LUONGO,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Alexandria. James C. Cacheris, Senior
District Judge. (CR-02-7)
Submitted: December 3, 2003 Decided: July 26, 2004
Before WIDENER, KING, and GREGORY, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Craig L. Parshall, LAW OFFICE OF CRAIG L. PARSHALL, Fredericksburg,
Virginia, for Appellant. Paul J. McNulty, United States Attorney,
Kevin V. DiGregory, Assistant United States Attorney, Amanda
Goldman, Special Assistant United States Attorney, Alexandria,
Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
See Local Rule 36(c).
PER CURIAM:
Pursuant to a plea agreement, Joseph S. Luongo pleaded
guilty to making a false statement before a grand jury, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1623 (2000). In May 2002, the district
court sentenced Luongo to two months of imprisonment, to be
followed by a three-year term of supervised release. We especially
note that special condition 6 of the conditions of supervision for
supervised release states that “the defendant shall make an effort
to settle all law judgments against him in any court within the
United States.”
In March 2003, the Government filed a motion seeking to
modify this term of Luongo’s supervised release. Specifically, the
Government sought to compel Luongo to begin making payments on a
default judgment entered against him in 2001. After a hearing, the
district court granted the Government’s motion and ordered Luongo
to submit to a deposition to determine his assets and then to begin
making payments toward the judgment. Luongo timely appeals this
order.
District courts have wide latitude in imposing special
conditions on supervised release. United States v. Dotson, 324
F.3d 256, 260 (4th Cir. 2003). A district court may impose any
condition it considers appropriate as long as it is “reasonably
related” to the factors referred to in 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d)(1)
(2000). Id. These factors are: “the nature and circumstances of
- 2 -
the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant,”
18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1) (2000); the need for the condition to deter
criminal conduct, see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(B) (2000); the need to
protect the public from any further criminal behavior by the
defendant, see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(C) (2000); and the need to
provide the defendant with training or medical care, 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(a)(2)(D) (2000). Id. Additionally, special conditions must
be consistent with the Sentencing Commission’s policy statements
and may not involve a greater deprivation of liberty than is
necessary to achieve the specified goals. Id. A district court’s
imposition of special conditions of supervised release is reviewed
for an abuse of discretion. Dotson, 324 F.3d at 259.
Luongo contends that the district court abused its
discretion by requiring him to submit to a deposition to determine
his assets and to begin making payments on the civil default
judgment. The district court found that Luongo’s offense of
conviction—-lying to the grand jury—-and his failure to satisfy the
outstanding default judgment against him demonstrate a lack of
respect for the legal system. Therefore, the district court found
the modification appropriately related to the factors referred to
in 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d). Based on our review of the record, we
cannot say that the district court abused its discretion in so
finding.
- 3 -
Accordingly, we affirm the order of the district court.
We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal
contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the
court and argument would not aid in the decisional process.
AFFIRMED
- 4 -
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
Regulation of caspase 14 expression in keratinocytes by inflammatory cytokines--a possible link between reduced skin barrier function and inflammation?
Caspase 14 is a unique member of the cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase family. Its expression is confined primarily to cornified epithelium such as the skin. Caspase 14 has been associated with the processing of filaggrin monomers and the development of natural moisturising factors of the skin, and thus, it could be speculated that caspase 14 dysregulation is implicated in the development of an impaired skin barrier function. We have investigated the regulation of caspase 14 transcription in cultured primary keratinocytes following stimulation with a number of factors present in inflamed skin, including T(H)1- and T(H)2-associated cytokines in addition to LPS and peptidoglycan. In particular, we found that T(H)2-associated cytokines reduced the caspase 14 mRNA level significantly. Furthermore, we found that the expression of caspase 14 was reduced in skin biopsies from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis and contact dermatitis, further supporting a role for this kinase in inflammatory skin conditions. Hence, the regulation of caspase 14 levels provides a possible link between impaired skin barrier function and inflammatory reactions in skin diseases such as AD and may offer an explanation to the skin barrier dysfunction in inflamed skin lesions.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Meals-stamp adjustments not about kicking folks out
The Trump administration modified food-stamp necessities as a result of it needs folks to search out jobs, not merely take away folks from this system, Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue instructed CNBC on Wednesday.
“What we need to do is enhance employment. We’d like these folks within the workforce,” Perdue stated on “Squawk Box.”
The U.S. Division of Agriculture on Wednesday approved a rule change, first proposed in February, that limits the power of states to grant work waivers for single, able-bodied adults enrolled within the federal Supplemental Diet Help Program, generally known as meals stamps.
The change is anticipated to take away as much as 755,000 folks from this system. In 2018, there have been 2.9 million single, able-bodied working adults who obtained SNAP advantages, in keeping with the USDA. Practically three-quarters weren’t employed.
Underneath the prevailing legislation, single, able-bodied adults can not obtain food-stamp advantages for greater than three months inside a three-year interval, until they work, volunteer…
The foreign exchange market (Forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized or over-the-counter (OTC) market for the trading of currencies. This market determines foreign exchange rates for every currency. It includes all aspects of buying, selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
The Consumer Class Is 500 Million Strong
ARE you among those who think that consumer durables cater only to an upper crust of 100 million people or so? Think again. The most comprehensive survey, conducted in 1987-88 by the National Council for Applied Economic Research (NCAER), suggests that consumer durables are used by income groups covering at least 500 million people – that is, virtually all groups above the poverty line. A separate study of Rajas than villages by Dr. N.S. Jodha, shows that even people below the poverty line buy durables like radios.
The NCAER data show that the top one-tenth of the population (80 million people) account for less than half the consumption of most consumer durables. This upper class includes what is usually called the middle class – the salaried, professional and medium business class. The second NCAER category – what it calls the middle 30 per cent – includes much of the organised working class. The third category is the bottom 60 per cent, which includes those below the poverty line as well as those slightly above it.
This category corresponds roughly to people with a per capita consumption below Rs. 200 per month in 1987-88. It is remarkable that the bottom 60 per cent accounts for the purchase as much as (1) 33 per cent of mechanical wrist watches (2) 22 per cent of small black and white TVs (3) 25 per cent of” sewing machines (4) 24 per cent of quartz wrist watches (5) 23 per cent of mono cassette recorders (6) 11 per cent of colour TVs (7) 13 per cent of mopeds (8) 8 per cent of motor cycles (9) 13 per cent of moulded suitcases.
Note that the top 40 per cent of the population adds up to 320 million people. The substantial consumption figures for the bottom 60 per cent suggest that people belonging to at least the top 500 million are participants in the boom in consumer durables. It is plainly false for economists to pretend that durables are only used by the pampered elite. The rich consume more, of course (that is why they are called rich). But the non rich are major consumer too, running into millions. Curbing the production of consumer durables through taxes and bans will not affect the elite (who already own such goods) but will adversely affect poorer people who are not yet owners.
The amazing fact revealed by the NCAER data is that even people with very low income are willing to scrimp and save in order to buy durables. It also seems likely that remittances from relatives in urban area and abroad are used by poor rural households to purchase durables.
The data show that rural consumers are as keen on durables as urban ones. Rural areas account for the lion’s share of purchases of items like mechanical watches (71%), Radios (72 per cent) Monocassette recorders (61%), and table fans (54%), Rural areas even account for as much as 45% of motor cycles, 48% of mopeds, 44 per cent of Quartz watches and 35 per cent of 14-inch Black and White TV sets.
The continuing boom in durables is not because every rich family is buying a second or third TV set or moped every year. The boom shows that a large number of people who could not earlier afford to buy these goods are now becoming buyers. This is a sign of rising prosperity that should be welcomed.
From the view point of industrialists, the NCAER provides welcome evidence that the demand for consumer durables is spread right across the income spectrum. Since the consumption base looks so broad, producers can be confident that demand will not tapper off after elite consumption reaches saturation point. Demand will continue to rise because many millions of people every year are getting rich enough to buy durables.
A very significant chunk of the new purchasers are from rural areas. The National Front Government wishes to focus on the needs of rural areas. The NCAER data show that rural needs include consumer durables on a rising scale. Indeed, items like motor cycles and mopeds improve mobility in rural areas and thus represent part of the rural infrastructure. They are able to negotiate kutcha roads because of their large wheels. They should really be considered infrastructural goods, not consumer durables.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
High prevalence of Salmonella spp. in wastewater reused for irrigation assessed by molecular methods.
Salmonella spp. is one of the most important causal agents of food-borne illness in developed countries and its presence in irrigation water poses a risk to public health. Its detection in environmental samples is not easy when culture methods are used, and molecular techniques such as PCR or ribosomal rRNA probe hybridization (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization, FISH) are outstanding alternatives. The aim of this work was to determine the environmental risk due to the presence of Salmonella spp. in wastewater by culture, PCR and FISH. A new specific rDNA probe for Salmonella was designed and its efficiency was compared with the rest of methods Serotype and antibiotic resistance of isolated strains were determined. Forty-five wastewater samples (collected from two secondary wastewater treatment plants) were analysed. Salmonella strains were isolated in 24 wastewater samples (53%), two of them after disinfection treatment. Twenty-three Salmonella strains exhibited resistance to one or more antimicrobial agent. Analysis of wastewater samples yielded PCR positive results for Salmonella in 28 out of the 45 wastewater samples (62%). FISH analysis allowed for the detection of Salmonella in 27 (60%) samples. By using molecular methods, Salmonella was detected in four samples after disinfection treatment. These results show the prevalence of Salmonella in reclaimed wastewater even after U.V. disinfection, what is a matter of public health concern, the high rates of resistance to antibiotics and the adequacy of molecular methods for its rapid detection. FISH method, with SA23 probe developed and assayed in this work provides a tool for detecting Salmonella in water within few hours, with a high rate of effectiveness.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Q:
why lsdel in debugfs doesn't work?
I have the partition /dev/sdb1 with file-system ext3 mounted at /mnt/folder.
I touch a file in /mnt/folder and remove that file.
Then I use debugfs /dev/sdb1 and then enter lsdel,
but it says "0 deleted inodes found."
What is problem? How i recover my file with debugfs?
A:
Not suitable for ext3/ext4.
From man:
list_deleted_inodes [limit]
List deleted inodes, optionally limited to those deleted within limit
seconds ago. Also available as lsdel.
This command was useful for recovering from accidental file deletions
for ext2 file systems. Unfortunately, it is not useful for this pur‐
pose if the files were deleted using ext3 or ext4, since the inode's
data blocks are no longer available after the inode is released.
Example:
$ echo Hello > foo.txt
$ ls -ial
35692596 .
35692545 ..
35692597 foo.txt
$ sudo debugfs -R 'inode_dump <35692597>' /dev/sdc5
0000 b481 e803 0600 0000 82d0 d056 82d0 d056 ...........V...V
0020 82d0 d056 0000 0000 e803 0100 0800 0000 ...V............
0040 0000 0000 0100 0000 d36c 2f0b 0000 0000 .........l/.....
0060 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 ................
*
...
As this is a small file we only have one block i_block (offset 0x28).
The above can be laid out as:
b481 | 81b4 = i_mode : 0100664 (octal)
e803 | 03e8 = i_uid : 1000
0600 0000 | 0000 0006 = i_size_lo : 6
dbd7 d056 | 56d0 d7db = i_atime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:23 CET 2016
dbd7 d056 | 56d0 d7db = i_ctime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:23 CET 2016
dbd7 d056 | 56d0 d7db = i_mtime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:23 CET 2016
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = i_dtime : 0
e803 | 03e8 = i_gid : 1000
0100 | 0001 = i_links_count : 1
0800 0000 | 0000 0008 = i_blocks_lo : 8, 8 * 512 = 4096 b
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = i_flags : 0
0100 0000 | 0000 0001 = i_osd1 : 1
Direct Block Address:
d36c 2f0b | 0b2f 6cd3 = i_block[0] : 187657427
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = ... no more
We can calculate offset to data in partition by block size (here 4096):
0x0b2f6cd3 * 4096 = 768644820992
Then dump by direct read:
$ sudo dd if=/dev/sdc5 bs=1 skip=768644820992 count=6 | hd
00000000 48 65 6c 6c 6f 0a |Hello.|
Now, if we rm foo.txt, one can fetch the data by same dd command as above. But it can at any moment be overwritten.
But if we do not know this offset we get short.
$ ls -ai1
35692596 .
35692545 ..
$ sudo debugfs -R 'ls -d <35692596>' /dev/sdc5
35692596 (12) . 35692545 (4084) .. <35692597> (4072) foo.txt
$ sudo debugfs -R 'inode_dump <35692597>' /dev/sdc5
The inode data is now:
b481 |
e803 |
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = i_size_o : 0 *changed
dbd7 d056 | 56d0 d7db = i_atime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:23 CET 2016
e5d7 d056 | 56d0 d7e5 = i_ctime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:33 CET 2016 *changed
e5d7 d056 | 56d0 d7e5 = i_mtime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:33 CET 2016 *changed
e5d7 d056 | 56d0 d7e5 = i_dtime : Fri Feb 26 23:55:33 CET 2016 *changed
e803 |
0000 | 0000 = i_links_count : 0 *changed
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = i_blocks_lo : 0 *changed
0000 0000 |
0100 0000 |
0000 0000 | 0000 0000 = i_block[0] : Zeroed out. *changed
0000 0000 |
0000 0000 |
As you can see the block data is zeroed out.
A:
Debugfs is not a file recovery program. That it can sometimes recover deleted files if you are very lucky is an accident.
File recovery in real operating systems (as opposed to MS-DOS, for example) is spelled "backups".
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
[Validation of the short version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool for use in primary care in Spain].
To examine the criterion validity of the Spanish short version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) to identify battered women among those attending primary health care services in Spain. We performed a cross-sectional study in two primary care centers in Granada. A total of 390 women between 18 and 70 years old were studied. The Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) was used as the gold standard. Two score criteria were used. Using the first criterion, 132 women (33.8%) scored positively. The sensitivity was 91.4%, specificity was 76.2%, positive predictive value 40.2% and negative predictive value was 98.1%. Five women with a negative WAST score obtained a positive ISA score (false negatives). Seventy-nine women obtained a positive score in the WAST, with a negative score in the ISA (false positives). These results coincide with the sensitivity and specificity values obtained in the validation of the instrument in Spanish-speaking women in the USA, which also recommend the use of the first criterion. The Spanish short version of the WAST is a suitable instrument to be used by health professionals for the early detection of gender violence in the healthcare context of Spain. However, because of its low specificity, this instrument should be used with caution.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Way of the Sands
A Dragonborn priest flexes his fingers, causing the ground to become supernaturally sticky. The charging guards are stopped in their tracks. A Gnome smashes his mechanical trinket with a hammer, tiny cogs and springs fly everywhere. In the blink of an eye the trinket is good as new. Walking through a corridor a robed human is impaled on a falling pendulum from the ceiling. Time stops and reverses. He is alive and unharmed, with the knowledge of the trap that awaits. A Goliath channels his ki, becoming a grey blur as he charges down the goblins who thought they were at a safe distance. A Wood Elf concentrates as she makes a tearing motion in the air, an ethereal crack appears nearby. A small feathered reptile wanders out.
You follow a monastic tradition that teaches you to manipulate time. When you focus your ki, you have a limited ability to alter the course of creatures and objects, altering their ki's time flow in many ways.
Way of the Sand Monks, sometimes referred to as 'Time Priests' use extreme meditation to control their thoughts, their perception of time and eventually reality.
Time manipulation is not something to dabble in. Vast amounts of discipline is required to shift it. Objects are easier to manipulate than creatures or magical objects because of the creature's own ki and the nature of magic. Some forms of time control appear to be precognition to observers, when in reality a Monk is sending their soul forward in time, into the Sands.
Disciple of the Sands
When you choose this tradition at 3rd level, you learn magical disciplines that manipulate space and time. A discipline requires you to spend ki points each time you use it. You know the Time Manipulation discipline and one other Sand discipline of your choice, which are detailed in the “The Sands of Time” section below. You learn one additional discipline of your choice at 6th, 11th, and 17th level. Whenever you learn a new discipline, you can also replace one discipline that you already know with a different discipline. Casting Spells. Some Sand disciplines allow you to cast spells. See chapter 10 for the general rules of spellcasting. To cast one of these spells, you use its casting time and other rules, but you don’t need to provide material components for it.
The Sands of Time
Time Manipulation. You can use your action to manipulate time and objects within the nearby area, causing one of the following effects of your choice:
You can reverse the physical condition of non-magical objects fitting in a 1 foot cube up to a minute before. It returns to its original condition after a minute. Removing a piece of it, such as drinking it, prevents this. (Light a matchstick, then reverse it to it's original state)
For up to 1 minute you can move an object fitting into a 1ft cube to a previous position in time.
For 1 minute You add 1d4 to a single ability check or saving throw you roll you make. You can't use the Time Manipulation feature until this effect ends.
Molasses. You can spend 2 ki points to effect a ten foot cube within 60ft. This cube is difficult terrain. Creatures must make a Dex save once per turn or have their speed halved. Flying creatures, or creatures that don't make contact with the floor are unaffected. When you reach level 11 in this class the range is increased to 150ft, it has a 40ft radius and a height of 20ft, effecting flight. In addition, creatures in this area have disadvantage on attack rolls, while attacks coming from outside it have advantage. It costs 4 ki points when cast at this level.
Hands of Lightspeed. When you take the Attack action on your turn you can spend a point of ki to surround yourself with an aura of ki. You don't provoke attacks of opportunity from enemies. Every time one of your attacks hit you can make an additional attack against the target at the cost of a ki point. You can't add your modifier to damage from this additional attack.
Mass Time Manipulation. As an action, you can spend 1 ki point to choose an area no larger than 30 feet on a side within 120 feet of you. You can reverse it's condition back to a time you have seen before. However, magical items or effects are not restored, as well as living creatures. objects taken from it are not returned to it. If an object is missing the spell either fails or it returns to a more recent time, after the object was removed.
Slow Falling Sands. You can spend 1 ki point to cast Feather Fall.
Enfeebling Bolt. As an action, you can spend 2 ki points and choose a creature within 30 feet of you. You cause a jolt in a target's life-span, temorarily aging them past their average life-span. That creature must make a Constitution saving throw. On a failed save, the creature takes 3d10 Necrotic damage, and half on a successful save.
Still Sand. (6th level required) You can spend 3 ki points to cast Hold Person. At level 17 in this class you can cast Hold Monster for the cost of 6 ki points.
Lunge Forward. (6th Level Required). You can spend 3 ki points to cast Find Traps. You get a brief vision of the trap being triggered by you.
Subtle Weapon. (6th Level Required). You can spend 3 ki points to cast Magic Weapon.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
namespace Accelerider.Windows.Views
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for ShellSettingsTabItem.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class ShellSettingsTabItem
{
public ShellSettingsTabItem()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Guest: Joey Johnson of Not In Our Name, Cynthia Peters Boston community activist, Steven Ault activist in NY. Analysis of protest movement building towards March 20 demonstrations protesting US intervention/presence in Iraq, and demonstrations at Republican Convention in NY and Democratic Convention in Boston. Guests include protest group activists from San Francisco, New York, and Boston.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
/*
File: AAPLSegmentedControlViewController.h
Abstract: A view controller that demonstrates how to use UISegmentedControl.
Version: 2.12
Disclaimer: IMPORTANT: This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple
Inc. ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following
terms, and your use, installation, modification or redistribution of
this Apple software constitutes acceptance of these terms. If you do
not agree with these terms, please do not use, install, modify or
redistribute this Apple software.
In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and
subject to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive
license, under Apple's copyrights in this original Apple software (the
"Apple Software"), to use, reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple
Software, with or without modifications, in source and/or binary forms;
provided that if you redistribute the Apple Software in its entirety and
without modifications, you must retain this notice and the following
text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of the Apple Software.
Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of Apple Inc. may
be used to endorse or promote products derived from the Apple Software
without specific prior written permission from Apple. Except as
expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or
implied, are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to any
patent rights that may be infringed by your derivative works or by other
works in which the Apple Software may be incorporated.
The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis. APPLE
MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND
OPERATION ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS.
IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL
OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION,
MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED
AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE),
STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Copyright (C) 2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*/
@import UIKit;
@interface AAPLSegmentedControlViewController : UITableViewController
@end
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
The Washington Post was the first to release the news that Special Counsel Robert Mueller is investigating Donald Trump for obstruction of justice, but the New York Times piece from later on Wednesday evening finishes on a note that’s likely behind the increase in orange ire.
A former senior official said Mr. Mueller’s investigation was looking at money laundering by Trump associates. The suspicion is that any cooperation with Russian officials would most likely have been done in exchange for some kind of financial payoff, and that there would have been an effort to hide the payoffs, most likely by routing them through offshore banking centers.
Looking into not just Trump’s finances, but those of Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort, Michael Flynn and others makes it all but certain that someone is going to find a friendly team of agents at their door. That is, if Trump allows Mueller to complete the investigation.
In fact, if Mueller is looking for money laundering, he really doesn’t need to look all that hard.
March 06, 2015 WASHINGTON, DC – The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) today imposed a $10 million civil money penalty against Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort (Trump Taj Mahal), for willful and repeated violations of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). […] Trump Taj Mahal admitted that it failed to implement and maintain an effective [Anti Money Laundering] program; failed to report suspicious transactions; failed to properly file required currency transaction reports; and failed to keep appropriate records as required by the BSA.
Looking into money laundering around Trump is like investigating moisture in the middle of the ocean.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
In the transmission of multiple phase-shift keyed (MPSK) signals, phase jitter caused by the transmission medium is a common problem. To reduce the performance loss caused by phase jitter, differential MPSK is often used, wherein the difference between the phases of two successive symbols, rather than the absolute phases of the symbols themselves, represents the information. This differential technique also avoids the necessity of establishing and maintaining a phase reference, a task which is often difficult in MPSK systems due to "node slips" in the reference.
In receiving and decoding MPSK signals, two approaches are commonly employed. The simplest is to take the difference between successive received phases and then compare this phase difference with a set of threshold values to decide upon the transmitted symbols. This technique results in a loss of 3dB in the signal to noise ratio relative to a coherent receiving system, since noise perturburances in both received phases add to perturb the difference. A second approach is to establish a coherent phase reference and make individual phase node decisions based on the reference, and then logically take the difference between these decisions to establish which symbols were actually transmitted. In many cases, this latter approach is preferable, since only one phase error is associated with each nodal decision.
Now, if the second approach is used on signals wherein phase jitter is present, it is conventional to use a phase-locked loop to attempt to track out the jitter, so that the effect of the jitter on the nodal decisions will be minimized. Since phase error measurements are normally available in MPSK receivers even when data is being transmitted, it is not difficult to establish such a loop. A problem arises, however, when the jitter frequency and amplitude are such that a substantial phase can occur in a few symbol times. If the loop attempts to average the phase measurements to reduce the effects on the noise, it is unable to track the phase jitter close enough.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
[The effect of the intracellular calcium concentration on GABA-activated ion currents in the neurons of the rat cerebellum].
Purkinje neurons from the rat cerebellum were investigated using a patch clamp technique. An increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium from 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/l both considerably decreased the amplitude of the maximum GABA-activated chloride current and slightly reduced affinity of the GABA receptor.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Fatigue affecting family caregivers of cancer patients.
Fatigue, a universally reported symptom, may be one of the most prevalent feelings of people suffering physical or mental diseases. An understanding of the factors leading to fatigue in the caregiving population can contribute to better care and support of both the cancer patient and caregiver. The purpose of this article is to investigate and describe the experience of fatigue among caregivers of cancer patients, in relation to caregiver age, employment status, number of hours of care provided daily, duration of caregiving, and the impact upon the caregiver's schedule. A sample of 248 caregivers of cancer patients, participating in the Family Homecare Cancer Study, were surveyed regarding fatigue related to their caregiving roles. No relationship was found between severity of fatigue experienced by the caregiver of the cancer patient and caregiver age, employment status, the number of hours of daily caregiving, or the duration of caregiving. However, a significant relationship was found between fatigue and the impact of care on the daily schedule. This finding has strong implications for the oncology nurse, because the more the caregiver's schedule is a burden, the greater will be the fatigue experienced.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Ten of Britain's biggest shopping malls install equipment to spy on shoppers via their mobiles
Technology w ill track movement but not personal information, developers insist
Tiny yellow sign only warning of 'FootPath' scanners
Shopping centres have triggered a Big Brother row after installing equipment that allows them to track customers using their mobile phone signals.
The technology has raised privacy concerns after it emerged that major shopping centre owner Land Securities has installed it at ten of Britain’s biggest malls.
These include the giant Cabot Circus, Bristol; Gunwharf Quays, Portsmouth; Princesshay, Exeter; Buchanan Galleries, Glasgow; Bon Accord & St Nicholas, Aberdeen; and The Centre, Livingston.
A tiny yellow sign in Exeter's Princesshay shopping centre is the only warning customers receive that their mobile phone signal is being 'tracked' by Footpath's scanners. There is no way to opt out except not to enter or to turn off your mobile
'The only way to opt out is to turn your mobile phone off. You’re not asked if you want to take part It is assumed that the shopping centre has the right to track people,' says Nick Pickles of Big Brother Watch
Malls using the FootPath system in the London area include One New Change and New Street Square in the City; Cardinal Place, Victoria; and The Galleria, Hatfield.
Path Intelligence, which developed the system in the UK, said it includes safeguards to prevent spying on individuals and that no personal information is collected.
Rather, it is designed to track people’s movements to better understand what shops and services they find most interesting or useful.
However, most shoppers are completely in the dark about the tracking technology, and the only way to escape it is to turn off the mobile phone.
The 'warning' sign in the Princesshay shopping centre. Nick Pickles of Big Brother Watch says, 'It is assumed that the shopping centre has the automatic right to track people's mobile phones - to me that's wrong.'
Nick Pickles, of privacy and civil liberties group Big Brother Watch, said the law needs to be tightened to cope with new mobile phone tracking systems.
‘People are right to be worried that their mobile phones can be turned into tracking devices very easily, without their permission or knowledge,’ he said.
‘While we have been given assurances that the FootPath technology is not capable of capturing personal information or sending communications to people’s phones, other technologies which would allow this are available.
'Such tracking and communications would be a significant intrusion on privacy.’
Shoppers told about the tracking were concerned that they were effectively being followed without their permission.
Path Intelligence says that its use of phone-tracking technology is widespread on Britain's High Streets - and that 'major' chains already use the technology
A customer at Princesshay, Hilda Luscombe, said: ‘This is another invasion of our privacy. We shouldn’t have to switch off our phones to opt out. This is just spying on us.’
Another customer, Robert McConnell, said: ‘In the George Orwell book 1984 everyone was saying ‘‘Big Brother Is Watching You’’. In 2012, everyone is asking ‘‘Who’s watching Big Brother?’’.’
How it works: The FootPath system explained
Path Intelligence chief executive Sharon Biggar wouldn’t name all the malls using the system, to maintain the privacy of the firm’s clients. So shoppers can only know it is being used if they spot the small signs put up by the centres.
Miss Biggar insisted the technology had been misunderstood. ‘This is in no way an invasion of privacy, we cannot identify shoppers’ information,’ she said.
‘We cannot identify phone numbers or who an individual customer is. It is very much like watching dots walking around a room.
‘We are very open with the public. We ask our clients to have signage up where the system is operating. The signs are exactly the same as the ones for CCTV.’
She insisted the system was far less intrusive than the tracking used by internet giants who follow the activities of online shoppers.
Land Securities said the technology ‘is fairly common in the retail arena’ and added: ‘We are not monitoring a private individual. We record the movements of a mobile phone. We are not holding any data on anyone, all we get is a red dot telling us where it travelled to.’
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
A simple variance question
Say I am paid 1 million dollars per pip on a six sided dice and I roll the dice one time. Now compare this to a game in which I get 1 dollar per pip on a dice, but I roll the die one million times. It seems intuitive to me that a risk averse person would pick the second game, but don't the variances just add because the die rolls are independent leading to the same variance as in the first game? Why is there a difference in variance?
A:
The standard deviation of the first is $$ \sqrt{\frac{35}{12}} 10^6.$$ The standard deviation of the second is $$ \sqrt{\frac{35}{12}} 10^3.$$ Variances add, not standard deviations, and the variance of a constant multiple of a random variable is the constant multiple squared times the variance of the original random variable.
Your intuition is correct that you are more likely to end up near $3.5$ million in the second case and less likely to get $1$ million or $6$ million.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
11th
Court of Appeals
Eastland,
Texas
Opinion
Aric Danyl White
Appellant
Vs. No.
11-03-00026-CR -- Appeal from Collin County
State of Texas
Appellee
After
the trial court denied his motion to suppress evidence, Aric
Danyl White pleaded guilty to the state jail felony
offense of possession of more than 4 ounces but less than 5 pounds of
marihuana. The trial court deferred the
adjudication of guilt and placed appellant on community supervision for 5
years. The terms of his community
supervision required appellant to serve 120 hours of community service,
complete the substance abuse felony program, and obtain his college degree
within 6 months of his release from the substance abuse felony program. We affirm.
In
his three issues on appeal, appellant argues that the trial court erred in
denying his motion to suppress evidence because: (1) the officer had no reasonable suspicion
to stop appellant=s
vehicle; (2) the officer was not engaged in the community caretaking function
when he stopped appellant; and (3) the officer had no probable cause to detain
appellant once the officer determined that he was not going to arrest appellant
on unconfirmed warrants. The State
contends that it is not relying on the community caretaking exception;
therefore, we need not address that as a reason for the officer stopping
appellant.
Standard
of Review
We
review a trial court=s
denial of a motion to suppress for abuse of discretion. Oles v.
State, 993 S.W.2d 103, 106 (Tex.Cr.App.1999). In reviewing a trial court=s ruling on a motion to suppress,
appellate courts must give great deference to the trial court=s findings of historical fact as long
as the record supports the findings. Guzman
v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85 (Tex.Cr.App.1997).
We must afford the same amount of deference to the trial court=s rulings on Amixed
questions of law and fact,@
such as the issue of probable cause, if the resolution of those ultimate questions
turns on an evaluation of credibility and demeanor. Guzman v. State, supra at
89. Appellate courts, however, review de
novo Amixed
questions of law and fact@
not falling within the previous category.
Guzman v. State, supra. When
faced with a mixed question of law and fact, the critical question under Guzman
is whether the ruling Aturns@ on an evaluation of credibility and
demeanor. Loserth
v. State, 963 S.W.2d 770, 773 (Tex.Cr.App.1998). A question Aturns@ on an evaluation of credibility and
demeanor when the testimony of one or more witnesses, if believed, is always
enough to add up to what is needed to decide the substantive issue. Loserth
v. State, supra. We must view the
record in the light most favorable to the trial court=s
ruling and sustain the trial court=s
ruling if it is reasonably correct on any theory of law applicable to the
case. Guzman v. State, supra.
Reasonable
Suspicion for the Stop
A
routine traffic stop closely resembles an investigative detention. Berkemer
v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984). Law
enforcement officers may stop and briefly detain a person for investigative
purposes on less information than would be required to support a probable cause
determination. Terry v. Ohio, 392
U.S. 1, 21-22 (1968). The reasonableness
of a temporary detention must be examined in terms of the totality of the
circumstances and will be justified when the detaining officer has specific articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences
from those facts, lead the officer to conclude that the person detained
actually is, has been, or soon will be engaged in criminal activity. Woods v. State, 956 S.W.2d 33, 38
(Tex.Cr.App.1997).
The
only witness at the hearing on appellant=s
motion to suppress, Sergeant Investigator Andrew Hawkes
with the Collin County Sheriff=s
Office, testified that when he stopped appellant he was in a marked patrol
vehicle. Sergeant Hawkes
stopped appellant on U.S. Highway 75 northbound near the Foster Crossing Exit
in Collin County. Sergeant Hawkes said:
I
observed the vehicle crossing over the B
both solid white lines on the right side and the center dividing lines and
traveling at a decreased speed for the speed limit there.
Sergeant
Hawkes testified that appellant was traveling at
45-50 miles per hour in a 60 mile per hour zone. Sergeant Hawkes
also stated that he had been a certified peace officer for 102
years and that he had observed A[t]housands of cars on that highway.@
Much
of appellant=s
argument concentrates on the portion of the stop that was recorded by the
camera in Sergeant Hawkes=s
vehicle. However, Sergeant Hawkes said early in his testimony:
The
initial reason for the stop probably wasn=t on [the film], but as soon as I had
probable cause then I activated my camera.[1]
Sergeant
Hawkes testified that he stopped appellant for Afailing to maintain a single lane and
driving on the shoulder.@ Citing Bass v. State, 64 S.W.3d 646,
648 (Tex.App. - Texarkana 2001, pet=n ref=d),
State v. Cerny, 28 S.W.3d 796, 800 (Tex.App. - Corpus Christi 2000, no pet=n), and Hernandez v. State, 983
S.W.2d 867, 871 (Tex.App. B
Austin 1998, pet=n ref=d), appellant argues that his failure
to drive within a single lane did not constitute a violation of TEX. TRANSP.
CODE ANN. '
545.060(a) (Vernon 1999) because there was no evidence that his driving was
unsafe. Section 545.060(a) requires an
operator on a roadway divided into two or more clearly-marked lanes for traffic
to (1) drive, as nearly as practical, entirely within a single lane and (2) not
move from the lane unless that movement can be made safely.
The
court in Bass held that the State had not presented evidence that Bass=s one lane change occurred in an unsafe
manner; the court noted that the officer did not testify that, based on his
experience, he subjectively suspected Bass of being intoxicated. Hernandez involved a police officer
stopping the driver after observing him swerve once 18 to 24 inches from the
right lane into the adjacent left lane of traffic going the same
direction. The swerve in question was
characterized as a slow drift over and back and was not a problem for any other
vehicle. The court in Cerny affirmed the trial court=s granting of the motion to suppress,
expressly deferring to the trial court=s
determination of the historical facts concerning the driver=s actions.
As
in Cerny, we believe that the trial court was
in a better position to determine the credibility and demeanor of Sergeant Hawkes, and we must defer to the trial court=s determination of the historical facts
concerning the stop of appellant. Guzman
v. State, supra at 87. As to whether
there was anything unsafe about appellant=s
weaving, Sergeant Hawkes testified:
Sure
there was. He wasn=t maintaining a single lane and in a
police officer=s
standpoint, that=s not
safe. From my standpoint that=s not safe.
Sergeant Hawkes
said that he was concerned about appellant=s
driving:
If
he was falling asleep, if he was intoxicated, if he was eating a hamburger and
it was falling in his lap and he wasn=t paying attention.
The tape reflected that, after
the stop, Sergeant Hawkes asked appellant:
Have you had any
alcohol to drink? You were weaving on
the road, that=s why I
stopped you.
Sergeant
Hawkes did not recall how many times that appellant
crossed over the center stripe between the two lanes. Appellant points out that, during
cross-examination, Sergeant Hawkes conceded that he
did not think that appellant was intoxicated; however, Sergeant Hawkes apparently based this statement on his observations
of appellant after the stop.
The
court in Cook v. State, 63 S.W.3d 924, 928-31 (Tex.App.
- Houston [14th Dist.] 2002, pet=n
ref=d), considered a motion to suppress
similar to the one before us. There, the
court held that the officer was justified in stopping the defendant based on a
reasonable suspicion that he was in violation of Section 545.060(a); the
officer was also justified in stopping appellant based on a reasonable
suspicion that appellant was driving while intoxicated. We agree with
Cook that Section 545.060(a) does not permit a driver to weave
across lanes of traffic so long as no other vehicles are in the vicinity. Id. at 928; Gajewski
v. State, 944 S.W.2d 450, 453 (Tex.App. B Houston [14th Dist.] 1997, no pet=n).
Weaving can be unsafe even if the driver does not come close to hitting
another car while the officer is observing the driver. U.S. Highway 75 is a major highway connecting
Dallas and Tulsa, and the video showed a number of cars passing the scene of
the stop. The trial court believed
Sergeant Hawkes=s
testimony that appellant=s
weaving was unsafe, and we defer to that finding.
We
find that, based on the totality of Sergeant Hawkes=s testimony as to the facts and the
rational inferences to be drawn from those facts, appellant=s driving behavior was sufficient to
justify the officer in stopping appellant based on a reasonable suspicion that
he was in violation of Section 545.060(a) and to raise a reasonable suspicion
in the mind of a reasonable police officer that appellant was driving while
intoxicated. Appellant=s first issue is overruled.
The
Detention Was Reasonable
Although
appellant agreed that he consented to Sergeant
Hawkes=s
request to search his car, appellant contends in his third issue that, even if
the detention was appropriate, the purpose of the detention ended when Sergeant
Hawkes made the determination that he was not going
to arrest appellant on unconfirmed warrants.
Therefore, according to appellant, he should have been released, and no
subsequent search should have taken place.
Under
Terry v. Ohio, supra, an investigative detention is reasonable if the
officer=s action
was justified at its inception and was reasonable related in scope to the
circumstances that justified the detention.
Terry v. Ohio, supra at 19-20.
Thus, a traffic stop must last no longer than is necessary to carry out
the purpose of the stop. Florida v.
Royer, 460 U.S. 491, 500 (1983); Davis v. State, 947 S.W.2d 240, 245
(Tex.Cr.App.1997). However, once the
purpose of the original detention has been effectuated, a continued detention
may be supported by some additional reasonable suspicion. Davis v. State, supra at 244-45.
The
detention lasted approximately 18 minutes before appellant consented to the
search. Sergeant Hawkes
first asked appellant to step to the back of the car. After asking to see appellant=s driver=s
license, Sergeant Hawkes then asked appellant where
he was going, and appellant replied that he had visited his mother in Dallas
and was heading back to Muskogee, Oklahoma.
The passenger told Sergeant Hawkes that they
were going to Haskell, Oklahoma.
Sergeant Hawkes then returned to his patrol
unit to run a routine driver=s
license and warrants check on appellant.
The check showed that appellant had some outstanding warrants out of the
Dallas Police Department. On the video,
Sergeant Hawkes said that he A[felt]
like he smells marihuana.@ Sergeant Hawkes
called for a back-up unit. Although at
the hearing Sergeant Hawkes denied that he had
requested a canine unit as his backup, the trial court correctly remembered
that the video reflected that he had.
Sergeant Hawkes asked appellant for consent to
search the car, and appellant gave his consent.
The officers found an assault rifle with a collapsible stock in the
trunk and two pounds of marihuana, $11,100 in cash, and a .45 automatic handgun
under the backseat of appellant=s
car. Appellant and his passenger were
arrested.
Officer
Hawkes testified that the conflicting answers of
appellant and his passenger and their behavior made him suspicious; the video
reflected that he thought he smelled marihuana.
In Freeman v. State, 62 S.W.3d 883, 888 (Tex.App.
B Texarkana 2001, pet=n ref=d),
the court found that the inconsistent
answers between driver and passenger along with the odor of marihuana justified
a continued detention. Here, it is not
even clear that the purpose of the original detention had been effectuated by
Sergeant Hawkes when he asked appellant for consent
to search the vehicle. Even if it had
been, Sergeant Hawkes did not have to have additional
reasonable suspicion to request a consent to search. Ohio v. Robinette, 519 U.S. 33, 39-40
(1996); James v. State, 102 S.W.3d 162, 173 (Tex.App.
- Fort Worth 2003, pet=n
ref=d).
Compare Davis v. State, supra, where the defendant twice refused
to give consent to search after the purpose of the detention had been
effectuated and the court held that a continued detention of the defendant
until the drug dogs arrived was unreasonable.
We
cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion in denying appellant=s motion to suppress. Appellant=s
third issue is overruled.
This
Court=s Ruling
The
judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
TERRY McCALL
JUSTICE
February 19,
2004
Do not
publish. See TEX.R.APP.P.
47.2(b).
Panel consists of: Arnot, C.J., and
Wright, J., and McCall, J.
[1]During cross-examination, Sergeant Hawkes
again said that he turned his camera on after he observed Aprobable cause of a traffic violation.@
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
One of the primary drawbacks of a conventional firearm is that it wastes so much of the explosive force it created in order to propel a bullet out of the barrel with the hope of hitting a target. The majority of this precious motion force and energy is wasted by blowing it out the end of the barrel. The muzzle blast collides with the air mass and creates an ear splitting explosive noise, which can give away a soldier's position. Instead of harnessing the muzzle-blast energy and putting it to work for military and law enforcement purposes, this energy is currently wasted.
Utilization of muzzle blast energy to propel a grenade was practiced beginning in World War I. At first, this required a blank cartridge so that a bullet would not impact and blow up the barrel. Later inventions utilized a “bullet trap” or cup which caught the bullet and transferred its momentum to the grenade.
The French developed the VB grenade, shortened from its full name the “Vivien et Bessiers” shoot-through grenade. This technology also required a special cup adapter enabling its function.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Mike and Amanda are back for an all-new episode of Quiver: The Green Arrow Podcast to recap the CW Arrow episode, Promises Kept. Can Slade bring his son back from a mercenary life? Are Diggle’s tremors getting too hard to hide? Is William playing Injustice 2!?! All these questions and more will be answered on […]
The preview clip for tonight’s new episode of “Arrow” titled “Promises Kept” is online, where you can see where things pick up with Slade’s reunion with his son Joe from the end of last week’s episode. You can check out the clip in the video above. “Promises Kept” airs later tonight at 9/8c
The promo images for this week’s new episode of “Arrow” titled “Promises Kept” have now been released online, where we see Slade and Joe Wilson making up for lost time at Oliver’s expense, and we also get our first look at the villain Richard Dragon. You can check out some of the promo images below: […]
Mike and Amanda are back for an all-new episode of Quiver: The Green Arrow Podcast to recap the CW Arrow episode, Deathstroke Returns. Can Oliver help Slade find his son? Will Team Arrow be able to stop the Vigilante before he strikes again? Will Agent Watson ever stop messing with the team and just arrest […]
The promo video for next week’s new episode of “Arrow” titled “Promises Kept” is now online, where things definitely get more complicated for Slade and Oliver now that they have found Joe Wilson. You can check out the promo in the video above. “Promises Kept” is scheduled to air next Thursday, November 16th.
The preview clip for tonight’s new episode of “Arrow” titled “Deathstroke Returns” has now been released, where we see Slade tell Oliver exactly what he needs his help with. You can check out the clip in the video above. “Deathstroke Returns” airs later tonight at 9/8c.
The promo video for next week’s new episode of “Arrow” titled “Deathstroke Returns” is now online, where we see exactly what the title says! You can check it out in the video above. “Deathstroke Returns” is scheduled to air next Thursday, November 9th.
The promo images have now been released for the fifth episode of “Arrow” season six, and while it may be titled “Deathstroke Returns,” we’ll also see the return of Vigilante in this episode as well! You can check out some of the images released for “Deathstroke Returns” below: […]
The official description for the sixth episode of “Arrow” season six has been released titled “Promises Kept,” and continues the story of Slade searching for his son. You can check out the official description for “Promises Kept” below: “Promises Kept” is scheduled to air on Thursday, November 16th.
The official description for the fifth episode of “Arrow” season six has also been released today, where it’s the start of two-part story about Deathstroke looking for his son Joe, but will also feature the return of Vigilante. You can check out the description for “Deathstroke Returns” below: “Deathstroke Returns” is scheduled to air on […]
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{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
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|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a mobile telephone powered by multiple batteries to extend mobile operation time.
2. Description of Related Art
Mobile telephones have become very popular due to their mobile nature. They are characterized by a compact body that allows them to easily fit in a purse or a pocket, or comfortably clip onto a belt, a purse strap or an article of clothing of a user. Mobile telephones pack their own power source and operate wirelessly over a voice/data network permitting direct communication anywhere within the network coverage area. Power is provided in the form of a rechargeable main battery functionally connected via the battery connector to the mobile telephone forming part of its compact body. The main battery, which provides the appropriate voltage to operate all the mobile telephone features, has a size, shape and weight that are constrained by the compact size, shape and weight of the mobile telephone body. Main batteries come in different sizes, shapes, weights, voltage outputs and battery connectors to match the diverse makes and models of mobile telephones.
The industry trend in mobile telephones is toward reducing their compact body size and weight while packing more features, such as internet surfing and downloading capabilities, playing music and video games, taking and transmitting still images and video clips, etc. Smaller telephones translate into smaller main batteries yet more power is needed to support the diverse features added. Advances in rechargeable battery chemistry have reduced the main battery size while increasing its power capacity. Reducing and managing power consumption in mobile telephones have contributed to a longer battery life. Yet, despite these improvements mobile voice communication is still measured in few hours. Using the added features is likely to consume more power further reducing mobile operation time.
The need for additional portable power for mobile telephones has been recognized. Solutions presented thus far do not adequately increase the mobile operation time in a truly mobile and continuous fashion such that no down period is needed for connecting the additional power and power to the mobile telephone is not interrupted during the connection process. An adequate mobile operation time is at least two times greater than the mobile operation time provided by the main battery. Also, current solutions tend to be mobile telephone make and to some extent model specific rendering them obsolete upon replacing the mobile telephone.
Auxiliary batteries, as a current solution, might barely double the mobile operation time, however, at the expense of increasing the mobile telephone size and weight going against the industry trend. Spare main batteries are limited in power capacity. Both auxiliary and spare batteries are constrained by the mobile telephone size and shape and thus tend to be mobile telephone specific. Besides, power to the mobile telephone is interrupted upon connecting spare batteries and possibly auxiliary batteries. Rapid portable battery chargers, whether mechanical or solar, provide only a limited increase in mobile operation time while requiring a down period for recharging.
Existing “portable” power supplies and power generators can properly increase the mobile operation time when connected to the mobile telephone main battery charging connector. However this is accomplished at the expense of sacrificing mobility, the greatest advantage a mobile telephone offers. The bulky nature of these power storing devices and their weight prevent their hands-free portability using clothing including clothing accessories of a mobile telephone user, for example, these devices do not fit in a pocket or comfortably clip onto a belt, a purse strap or such. Besides, when a mobile telephone is powered via the main battery charging connector, a power status is not displayed for the power source powering the mobile telephone and the main battery is constantly charged, unless full, decreasing its life cycle and power capacity.
More importantly, the crowding of existing portable power supplies and generators with features designed to make them useful and attractive reduces the maximum power that can be packed as a function of size upon reduction of these power sources to an acceptable portable size and weight for powering a mobile telephone due to a smaller place for the built-in battery. Crowding features for existing portable power supplies include: at least one electrical AC outlet, a DC power socket, an AC inverter to convert AC power to DC power, a high power DC connector, a high current capacity connector, protection against output overload and heating, an alarm to alert when the built-in battery is nearly discharged and a battery level indicator. Portable generator, in addition, have to accommodate mechanical or solar charging gear.
A portable generator, the FreeCharge power source from Freeplay Energy Corporation, has been reduced in size for use with mobile telephones. It's main disadvantage, as indicated above, is a small power capacity as a function of its size in order to accommodate the mechanical charging gear. The maximum power capacity of the FreeCharge power source is limited to 1000 mAh. Yet, this device, with a length of 5.7″ (144 mm), a height of 2″ (52 mm), a width of 2.4″ (60 mm) and a weight 8 oz (230 gram) is bigger and heavier than a standard mobile telephone comprising a battery carrying 1000 mAh. The bulky nature of the FreeCharge power source makes it unattractive for portability by a user considering its limited power capacity which requires frequent charging of the FreeCharge power source during extensive mobile operation of a mobile telephone, a process that can be exhaustive if done manually.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
using Microsoft.Xml;
namespace System.ServiceModel.Security
{
public abstract class TrustVersion
{
private readonly XmlDictionaryString _trustNamespace;
private readonly XmlDictionaryString _prefix;
internal TrustVersion(XmlDictionaryString ns, XmlDictionaryString prefix)
{
_trustNamespace = ns;
_prefix = prefix;
}
public XmlDictionaryString Namespace
{
get
{
return _trustNamespace;
}
}
public XmlDictionaryString Prefix
{
get
{
return _prefix;
}
}
public static TrustVersion Default
{
get { return WSTrustFeb2005; }
}
public static TrustVersion WSTrustFeb2005
{
get { return WSTrustVersionFeb2005.Instance; }
}
public static TrustVersion WSTrust13
{
get { return WSTrustVersion13.Instance; }
}
internal class WSTrustVersionFeb2005 : TrustVersion
{
private static readonly WSTrustVersionFeb2005 s_instance = new WSTrustVersionFeb2005();
protected WSTrustVersionFeb2005()
: base(XD.TrustFeb2005Dictionary.Namespace, XD.TrustFeb2005Dictionary.Prefix)
{
}
public static TrustVersion Instance
{
get
{
return s_instance;
}
}
}
internal class WSTrustVersion13 : TrustVersion
{
private static readonly WSTrustVersion13 s_instance = new WSTrustVersion13();
protected WSTrustVersion13()
: base(DXD.TrustDec2005Dictionary.Namespace, DXD.TrustDec2005Dictionary.Prefix)
{
}
public static TrustVersion Instance
{
get
{
return s_instance;
}
}
}
}
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
The Big Swifty
The Big Swifty was a Florida-based ensemble that played loosely structured or improvised music. Led by multi-instrumentalist Pat Pagano, the group drew influence from minimalist and experimental music composers such as LaMonte Young and Terry Riley. The project also took its name from the composition by Frank Zappa, whose early compositions Pagano admired. Their entire output was issued by Cherry Smash Records.
History
The Big Swifty was formed by composer Pat Pagano in the mid-1990s, taking its name from Frank Zappa' 1972 composition from Waka/Jawaka. The ensemble featured an ever rotating line-up, with different musicians participating in live performances every show. The ensemble released their debut album Akroasis in 1999. The Big Swifty also recorded under the moniker Shri Swifty And The Mandali of Mantra and issued a second full-length album called The Canals of the Atlantean Plain in 1999.
Discography
Studio albums
Akroasis (1997)
The Canals of the Atlantean Plain (1999)
EPs
Movies for Your Ears (1995)
Experimental Art Film (1996)
References
External links
Category:Musical groups established in 1995
Category:Musical groups disestablished in 1999
Category:1995 establishments in Florida
Category:Musical groups from Florida
Category:American experimental musical groups
Category:Free improvisation ensembles
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Q:
Limit not working on count distinct? mysql
I have this to count how many messages an user has:
SELECT count(distinct `from`) FROM chat WHERE `to`=? and recd='0' limit 100
it is retorning 120.418. The limit 100 is not working. any ideas?
if an user has more than 100 messages I'd like to count only 100.
A:
Here the way to go... You need 2 Selects
SELECT COUNT( A.`from` ) FROM ( SELECT DISTINCT `from` FROM chat WHERE `to`=? and recd='0' limit 100 ) A
Sorry, it was not tested. Now its working
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Electromagnetic proportional valves for manifold applications are known. In such a proportional valve, to achieve a correlation and preferably a linear dependency between an input variable and an output variable, the output variable is fed back to the input variable, so that for each input variable a corresponding equilibrium is established, resulting in a precisely defined relationship between the input variable and the output variable.
In the case where the proportional valves are used for motor vehicle brake systems for the sake of controlling a brake booster for automatic intervention into the brake system, for instance in the case of an electronic stability program or automatic adaptive cruise control, the input variable of the proportional valve is adjusted to the current supplied to the proportional magnet; the current is set by a control unit, for instance by voltage tracking or by pulse width modulation of a voltage. The output variable is the pressure level controlled in the brake booster. Since the maximum available potential for the negative-pressure brake boosters generally used is the difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure in the intake system of the engine, the maximum usable working pressure in Otto engines is only 0.8 bar (with the throttle valve closed). For the required high-precision metering of the braking action, a very precisely operating proportional valve is therefore necessary that adjusts the brake pressure with the least possible hysteresis.
In a known electromagnetic proportional valve of this generic type (European Patent Disclosure (EP 0 682 615 B1), the movable valve member and the sealing element are embodied integrally as a resilient rubber tube, which is reinforced on the inside with a metal ring in the region of the valve member. The free end of the tube, remote from the ring, is secured to the valve body in an airtight fashion. Such so-called rubber collars exhibit a temperature-dependent deviation in terms of their hysteresis, which has an adverse effect on the aforementioned purpose of high-precision metering of the braking action.
Proportional valves are also known in which the sealing element is embodied as a sliding seal, which seals off the valve member of the fixed valve from a chamber wall disposed between the two valve chambers. O-rings or lip seals are used as these sliding seals. Sliding seals of this kind have what is known as a stick-slip effect; that is, on running up against the valve member they have very strong adhesion, which decreases markedly when they slide. Once again, this makes fine metering of the pressure controlled in the brake booster impossible.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "USPTO Backgrounds"
}
|
Former Marvel Comics Editor Tom Brennan Provides Lesson on Customer Service: Don’t Lecture and Condescend Your Customers
Former Marvel Comics Editor Tom Brennan Provides Lesson on Customer Service: Don’t Lecture and Condescend Your Customers
Former Marvel Comics and Valiant Comics editor Tom Brennan provided a lesson in customer service after a number of subscribers to the New York Times indicated they would cancel their subscriptions.
Brennan took to Twitter to state, “It is their right as customers to turn away. You want them to come back? Don’t lecture them. Don’t condescend to them. Don’t tut tut what you see as a lack of understanding. Do better. That’s what you owe them.”
It is their right as customers to turn away. You want them to come back? Don’t lecture them. Don’t condescend to them. Don’t tut tut what you see as a lack of understanding. Do better. That’s what you owe them. — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
Before he got to that crucial lesson, Brennan would detail that it’s perfectly fine for individuals to cancel their New York Times subscriptions because there are plenty of other outlets that offer journalism. Something similar could be said that comic book fans can definitely find alternatives to DC Comics and Marvel Comics if they don’t shape up their own practices.
I see the pushback against those cancelling their NY Times subscriptions has begun – and as I expected, it’s the “it’s more irresponsible to cancel your subscription when you NEED journalism” take that’s being pushed. And that infuriates me. Yes, we need journalism. Guess what? — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
There are PLENTY of other outlets. Cancelling a Times subscription isn’t cancelling journalism. And the fact that they’d argue otherwise is the whole problem. The Times building is not an infallible tower of righteousness. It’s a business. It’s not even the most important… — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
…business on that street, the Port Authority is. Port Authority! I don’t think journalism should be for profit. But it is. And the Times’ headline was one of the most egregious examples of BAD journalism I’ve ever seen. Even the New York Post did better this morning. The Post! — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
Brennan would then detail what he learned as a comic book editor, “Readers vote with their dollars.” He added, “That’s how they express how they feel. That’s the ONLY way to measure how they truly feel about your work.”
I’m no journalist, just an armchair commentator. But I worked in comic book publishing for a decade and they drilled it into our heads:
Readers
Vote
With
Their
Dollars. That’s how they express how they feel. That’s the ONLY way to measure how they truly feel about your work — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
While, I certainly agree with his sentiment that readers vote with their dollars, it’s hardly the only way they can express how they feel. And it’s definitely not the only way to measure how they truly feel about your work. Consumption does not equate to feelings. Fans can express themselves in all manners from creating petitions, writing blogs, taking to social media, calling the company, etc… There are lots of ways for them to express their opinions. However, Brennan is right when he states, “readers vote with their dollars.” If folks aren’t purchasing your product, you might find yourself looking at a new line of work very quickly.
Brennan continued, “It takes time and money to read the news. And those are two things you can’t get back. Readers have every right to cancel subscriptions. It’s not foolish, it’s not irresponsible, and hell, even if you disagree with them, it’s NOT worthy of condemnation.”
It takes time and money to read the news. And those are two things you can’t get back. Readers have every right to cancel subscriptions. It’s not foolish, it’s not irresponsible, and hell, even if you disagree with them, it’s NOT worthy of condemnation. — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
And that gets us to the point where Brennan stated customers have the right to turn away.
It is their right as customers to turn away. You want them to come back? Don’t lecture them. Don’t condescend to them. Don’t tut tut what you see as a lack of understanding. Do better. That’s what you owe them. — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
And they certainly do. He also notes corporations shouldn’t lecture, condescend or tut tut their customers. It’s great advice, and something the people at Marvel Comics like Saladin Ahmed, Alyssa Wong, and others should take to heart. In fact, Marvel Studios employees like Jac Schaeffer and Taika Waititi could also learn a thing or two from Brennan. It’s not limited to Marvel either. DC Comics writers like Zoe Quinn and Marc Andreyko could learn quite a bit too. Mark Russell could definitely drink in Brennan’s advice after he wrote up this page in Harley Quinn #56.
Brennan would follow that up with an analogy on hiring a plumber.
Imagine you hire a plumber. He comes highly recommended. But he shows up late & not only doesn’t he fix your toilet, he clogs it up even more. And then accidentally breaks your sink. You wouldn’t hire him again, right? So, yes, it’s OK to cancel your @nytimes subscription. — Tom Brennan (@Brennanator) August 6, 2019
As Dan DiDio recently stated:
“We do these Facsimile Editions where we reprint older issues of comics including all the old ads and stuff…and in some cases these are selling more than the new comics with these characters. People are more interested in buying the stories from 30 or 40 years ago than the contemporary stories, and that’s a failure on us. We should be focused on moving things forward, always pushing the boundaries and finding new stories to tell. That’s how we’ll survive and grow this industry.”
There just might be a reason for why those older stories are selling better than the new stories. Why would you want to hire a plumber who showed up late, clogged up your toilet even more, and then accidentally breaks your sink?
What do you make of Brennan’s comments? Do you think Marvel Comics and DC Comics writers and artists should take his advice?
(Visited 2,198 times, 1 visits today)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Through the eyes of a new dad: experiences of first-time fathers of late-preterm infants.
Fathers of late-preterm (34-36 weeks' gestation) infants may experience challenges in parenting. Late-preterm infants are more irritable and less responsive in interactions. The unexpected early birth of an infant may negatively affect fathers' cognitive and emotional experiences. The Father-Infant Interaction Program (FIIP) is a video-modeled play intervention that aims to increase fathers' sensitivity and responsiveness to infant cues. Using data from a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate FIIP, the purpose of the present study was to explore the experiences of first-time fathers of late-preterm infants and their perceptions of the intervention. We conducted semistructured qualitative interviews with 85 fathers of 8-month-old infants during the outcome home visit for the RCT and thematically analyzed data. Three main themes about fathers' experiences emerged: Fathers believed they had the "best job in the world," yet saw fathering as the "biggest job ever." Fathers viewed fatherhood as an opportunity for personal growth and reflected on how their lives had changed since the arrival of their infant. Fathers in the intervention and comparison groups liked the convenience of the home visits and validation of their role as a father. Fathers in the intervention group liked the tailored feedback about play.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Transcript
Panel 1
The Dentist Ghosts have put their head back on, and Steve looks visibly shaken.
Dentist: All finished! See you again soon!
Beaver: There Steve, that wasn't so bad was it?
Beaver: How's the tooth?
Panel 2
Steve holds his cheek, looking cross.
Steve: He gave me a filling.
Beaver: Well that's good! Now it won't hurt when you eat!
Panel 3
Steve opens his mouth, to show the Filling Ghosts, who have an EERIE GLOW.
Steve: The filling is haunted
Beaver: Hmm... maybe we should have gone private?
Filling Ghost #2: Wooooooooo
Filling Ghost #1: Ghooooosts!
Panel 5
INSIDE STEVE'S MOUTH...
View from inside Steve's mouth, you can see his teeth and the smiling block of Cheese as he puts it in.
Cheese: At last! The time of eating is upon me!
Steve: GLAAAAA
Cheese: As foretold in the scriptures of gouda, with the stroke of the teeh of judgement my soul can finally escape this cheesey form and fly free, across the cosmos!
Panel 6
Steve's teeth CHOM! down on the Cheese, releasing its angel-winged-and-haloed soul to ASCEND!
Cheese: It's true! I'm free!
Cheese: Now at last I can ascend to the great dairy section in the sky, and join all my lost brothers and sisters in the eternal fondue! Joy!
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
Home Cities Chandigarh Punjab: Two judges prematurely retire after HC orders
Punjab: Two judges prematurely retire after HC orders
Sources said that the Punjab and Haryana HC had recommended premature compulsory retirement of the Additional District and Sessions Judge Harjinder Pal Singh after a full court decision on March 6.
The Punjab government has terminated the services of two lower court judges following a full court recommendation from the Punjab and Haryana HC for their premature compulsory retirement. Both the judicial officers have been relieved from their services.
Sources said that the Punjab and Haryana HC had recommended premature compulsory retirement of the Additional District and Sessions Judge Harjinder Pal Singh after a full court decision on March 6 following a complaint against him that he “pressurised” a junior judge in adjudication of a matrimonial matter. HC, after the full court’s recommendation, had withdrawn the judicial work from him.
A division bench comprising Justices AB Chaudhari and Inderjit Singh on May 1 was informed about the government notification by HC’s own counsel Rajeev Kawatra during hearing of Harjinder’s petition against the withdrawal of judicial work.
“The copy of the notification is handed over to DS Patwalia, the learned senior Advocate, who may amend the petition, if so advised. Leave to amend,” the division bench has said in the order.
Advocate Saurabh Arora, who appears in the case along with senior Advocate Patwalia, told The Indian Express that the petition has now been amended following the government’s notification.
“We were informed about the government’s decision only during the hearing of the case on May 1. Our main contention is that the decision has been passed without holding any inquiry,” he said.
The order in the case of Harjinder(58), has been passed with retrospective effect with his retirement to be considered from the age of 55.
The government has also ordered the premature retirement of Chief Judicial Magistrate KK Bansal and he also has been relieved from his services.
Sources said that the complaints against Bansal relate to disciplinary rules and regarding some judicial decisions in NDPS cases. His judicial work had been withdrawn prior to Harjinder but the notifications regarding their premature retirement have been passed in the last week of April.
📣 The Indian Express is now on Telegram. Click here to join our channel (@indianexpress) and stay updated with the latest headlines
For all the latest Chandigarh News, download Indian Express App.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "OpenWebText2"
}
|
Q:
Python - Check if two values(strings) are both in dict
Here is dict:
a = {u'jQuery': {'categories': [u'javascript-frameworks']},
u'Twitter Bootstrap': {'categories': [u'web-frameworks']},
u'WooCommerce': {'categories': [u'ecommerce']},
u'mod_ssl': {'categories': [u'web-server-extensions']},
u'Font Awesome': {'categories': [u'font-scripts']},
u'Modernizr': {'categories': [u'javascript-frameworks']},
u'OpenSSL': {'categories': [u'web-server-extensions']},
u'AddThis': {'categories': [u'widgets']},
u'UNIX': {'categories': [u'operating-systems']},
u'Gravatar': {'categories': [u'miscellaneous']},
u'Google Font API': {'categories': [u'font-scripts']},
u'Apache': {'categories': [u'web-servers']},
u'WordPress': {'categories': [u'cms', u'blogs']},
u'PHP': {'categories': [u'programming-languages']}}
I need to get True if both 'cms' and 'ecommerce' are present in whole dict.
I tried this way:
for key, value in a.items():
if 'cms' in value['categories'] and 'ecommerce' in value['categories']:
print 'lala'
And:
for key, value in a.items():
if 'cms' and 'ecommerce' in value['categories']:
print 'in'
With this approach it prints 'in' even if 'cms' is not present. I want it to only proceed if both strings are present.
A:
To check whether they are present in the whole dict, I would make a set of all the categories in the whole dict, and use that:
all_categories = {
category
for value in a.values() for category in value['categories']
}
if 'cms' in all_categories and 'ecommerce' in all_categories:
print("Yes, that strange order of for clauses is actually correct...")
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Judith Harackiewicz
Judith Harackiewicz is an American social psychologist, focused on the role of motivation at the intersection of social and educational psychology. Harackiewicz is currently the Paul Pintrich Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, however in addition to this role she has also made numerous contributions to social psychology.
Career
Her work is unique in that it investigates motivation in real-life situations while using motivational principles discovered in laboratory situations. Notable studies employ psychological concepts and findings in hopes of improving the American educational system. Also, her research is often centered on intrinsic motivation, sometimes studied over long periods of time to track change. Another goal of Harackiewicz is to research, improve, and revise the Achievement Goal Theory. Overall, the key aspect of her study is theoretical synthesis, meaning that her combined findings between the laboratory and survey research are mainly executed to question pre-existing motivational psychology theories. Harackiewicz has been recognized for her achievements with the 2013 Cialdini Award from the Society for Personality and Social Psychology.
Many of the studies Harackiewicz is involved in aim to change the modern educational system in discovering new ways to promote positive academic interest and performance among students. She often uses intervention-based research tactics in attempts to challenge the Achievement Goal Theory, and suggest new strategies to promote success among students. Examples of these approaches can be seen in the selected research section.
She graduated from Harvard University with a PhD in 1980.
Selected research
Hulleman, C. S., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2009)
"Promoting interest and performance in high school science classes" was published in 2009. The study aimed to investigate the effect of relevance interventions on academic success and interest. Hulleman and Harackiewicz conducted a randomized field experiment, with 262 9th grade participants. Students were either asked to write about the relevance of the science course to their future endeavors, or a summary of the course material. The participants' success expectancies and original interest were recorded at the beginning of the experiment, then re-assessed at the end of the semester. It was found that those who reflected on the relevance of the course and who had originally low expectations for success, displayed a significant growth in interest and performance in the class. These results suggest that the practice of enforcing relevance interventions could be very beneficial to high school students, particularly those with low expectations. This research presents high school teachers with a scientifically proven way to increase interest and performance among their students.
Harackiewicz, J.M., Canning, E.A., Tibbetts, Y., Giffen, C.J., Blair, S.S., Rouse, D.I., & Hyde, J.S. (2014)
"Closing the social class achievement gap for first-generation students in undergraduate biology" was published in 2014. The researchers investigated how the use of value affirmation interventions effect the achievement of first-generation students studying biosciences. First-generation students account for a fifth of all college students, and many of these students were found to abandon their original goals due to struggles and discouragement in introductory classes. Harackiewicz et al. reported a values affirmation intervention with 798 college students, 154 of which were first-generation enrolled in one of the first biology courses required for their major. Value interventions were then conducted by the researchers with all participants, which included asking the participants questions about positive aspects, aspirations, and beliefs in their lives. After tracking their achievement through grades, it was found that course scores, material retention, and overall GPA for the semester improved among first-generation students as a result of the intervention. This intervention closed the academic gap between first-generation and continuing generation students by 50% and increased retention by 20%. This study is extremely significant in educational psychology because the researchers suggest that psychological interventions can increase academic achievement among first-generation students in the biosciences.
Canning, E. A., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2015)
"Teach it, don’t preach it: The differential effects of directly-communicated and self-generated utility–value information" was published in 2015. This study aimed to investigate how the medium of utility value information given effects a students academic performance and interest. This research included 3 laboratory studies which varied whether student participants were directly told the purpose and value of a mental math technique, or independently formed ideas about the purpose and value of a mental math technique. The first study found that externally produced utility-value information negatively affected the performance of interest of students lacking confidence, and that internally produced utility-value information had positive effects. The second study then found that the negative effects of externally produced utility-value information can then be cancelled out if the student later internally produces such conclusions. Finally, the third study revealed that the most helpful forms of utility-value information relate to everyday situations, as opposed to career and educational examples. This research provides much helpful insight to educators about how to promote academic excellence among students. The findings suggest that student should be self-generating utility-value information, as opposed to receiving this information externally. Also, that everyday examples of the utility of a course can also promote positive change in a student's academic performance and interest.
References
Category:American social psychologists
Category:Living people
Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
Category:Harvard University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Committee Entertainment
The Committee is an EDM event production group founded in 2006 as Committee Entertainment by Sebastian Solano, Paul Campbell, Lukasz Tracz, and Patryk Tracz. At the time all four founders were friends and college students in Florida, and they originally started the Committee as an informal party promotion team. Since then, Committee Entertainment has founded the Dayglow tour series and Life in Color, an international EDM concert company. After jointly selling Dayglow/Life in Color to SFX Entertainment in 2012, all four members remained partners, and as of 2015 they continue to operate both Life in Color and Committee Entertainment. On January 5, 2015, Forbes included Life in Color CEO Solano on their annual list of "30 Under 30 In Music" for 2015.
Founder backgrounds
Sebastian Solano
Sebastian Solano is a Colombian-American business executive best known as co-founder, CEO, and President of Life in Color. When The Committee was formed, Solano was in charge of event negotiations, later becoming President. After the acquisition by SFX, Solano stayed on as CEO and President. As President and CEO of Dayglow, he oversaw the company's international expansion, as well as Dayglow's buyout by SFX Entertainment in 2012. The merger led to Dayglow changing into Life in Color, with Solano remaining President and CEO of both Committee Entertainment and Life in Color. Solano has been interviewed in media outlets such as Pollstar, and in January 2015, Forbes named him one of their "30 Under 30 In Music" for 2015. In November 2015, Solano was appointed the new of ID&T North America / Made Event by SFX Entertainment.
Lukasz Tracz
Lukasz Tracz (born April 4, 1985) is an entrepreneur and a businessman who currently lives in Miami Beach, Florida. Involved with several ventures, he is best known as the co-founder of Life in Color. In 2013, Lukasz and his business partners hosted their 1st Life in Color Festival in Miami. Committed to blending genres, the committee faced criticism when they added 2 Chainz to the event, with Lukasz defending the inclusion of hip hop. 2 Chainz was eventually added to the lineup.
Paul Campbell
Paul Campbell is an American entrepreneur and businessman best known as an owner and managing partner of Life in Color, as well as a co-founder and co-organizer of the Life in Color Festival. Campbell was born and raised in the United States, and after high school he began attending Florida State University (FSU). When he co-founded Committee Entertainment in 2006, Campbell was living at an apartment on the FSU campus. As the franchise grew, Campbell dropped out of FSU during his final semester to focus on Dayglow.
In 2010 DayGlow continued to tour, with Campbell and the other founders driving around the country to put on events. After the acquisition by SFX, Campbell remained a partner at Dayglow, and since then had been involved with various projects, including co-producing the halftime show for the Guinness International Champions Cup Final. As of 2014 Campbell lives in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Patryk Tracz
Patryk Tracz (born April 4, 1985) is an executive, best known as the President of Life in Color. Born in Ziębice, Poland to Krystyna Janowski and Dariusz Tracz, when Tracz was nine years old he moved with his family from Poland to Boca Raton, Florida in search of financial stability. In Florida, Tracz and his twin brother Lukasz Tracz attended Spanish River High School. Starting in 2004, Tracz began studying marketing and business at Florida Atlantic University (FAU). While still attending FAU, by 2006 Tracz was living with his brother and several housemates at an apartment on the Florida State University campus. When he co-founded Committee Entertainment, Tracz began handling Operations and Production.
In January 2008 he began working at marketing at the company MDVIP, where he worked until April 2009. He also continued to work with DayGlow, and earned his degree from Florida Atlantic University in 2010, having extended his education to focus on the company. After the acquisition by SFX and renaming into Life in Color, Tracz remained Vice President. As of 2014 Tracz was based in West Palm Beach, Florida.
History
2006: Party promotion
Life in Color was founded as Dayglow by four students living in Florida in 2006. Sebastian Solano, Paul Campbell, Lukasz Tracz and Patryk Tracz all were housemates at an apartment on the Florida State University (FSU) campus. That year all four began throwing themed "super extravagant house parties" on a monthly basis, bringing in DJ Climax for the music. Reinvesting the monthly profits, often at a loss, eventually they began renting "half a nightclub" at a time with bottle and limousine service, then bringing the party back to their house afterwards. As the parties grew in size and popularity, the four founders named themselves Committee Entertainment, planning events as partners. All founders were avid fans of house music, and took different roles. Clubs soon began paying the small company to bring their parties, and according to Solano, they were some of the few local promoters at the time to focus on EDM.
2007: Dayglow tour series
Soon a friend introduced Solano to an informal party series called Dayglow, "a fraternity and sorority tradition at FSU" that involved hundreds of college students in white shirts throwing non-toxic paint on one-another. Solano, who was a fan of the Sensation events in Europe, was inspired by the idea of a traveling Dayglow tour. He and Committee Entertainment registered trademarks for Dayglow, and in 2007 their first Dayglow event was held in a Miami nightclub called Allure, with close to 600 attendees. The company then contacted other Florida cities such as Orlando, Tampa, and Gainesville, and began pitching the Dayglow parties. Eventually they decided to rent out the UCF Arena, though Solano stated that at the time, they "had no idea how to do a real concert." All four founders dropped out of college to pursue the venture.
As the tour increased in popularity, the shows grew more extravagant in nature: booking larger acts and increasing the magnitude of its artistic elements. When the Dayglow tour started traveling to cities outside of Florida, the founders custom-built paint cannons and guns, also hiring someone from Cirque du Soleil to run their performance department. In 2009 and 2010, a Dayglow stage was held at Ultra Music Festival. After moving their headquarters to Miami, also in 2010 DayGlow held their first arena show at the University of Central Florida, at Orlando. They also continued to tour, with Campbell recollecting that "It was actually really hard to manage it. One night, I drove my car from Tallahassee to Indiana with all the productions from LIC -- black lights, tarps, paint. We drove overnight, took mad energy drinks. We've done it all."
2012-present: Life in Color
Shortly after Dayglow's acquisition by SFX Entertainment in 2012, the company announced in September 2012 that it would re-brand itself as Life in Color. All four members of The Committee retained their positions in the company. In 2013, Life in Color began to hold larger music festival events, featuring multiple stages and a larger lineup, leading to the Life in Color Festival in Miami.
Further reading
Articles and interviews
Article on Tracz in Boca Magazine (December 2013) - Page 108
References
External links
Category:Entertainment companies of the United States
Category:Electronic music event management companies
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
Effects of precalving body condition and prepartum feeding level on gene expression in circulating neutrophils.
Extensive metabolic, physiological, and immunological changes are associated with calving and the onset of lactation. As a result, cows transitioning between pregnancy and lactation are at a greater risk of metabolic and infectious diseases. The ability of neutrophils to mount an effective immune response to an infection is critical for its resolution, and increasing evidence indicates that precalving nutrition affects postpartum neutrophil function. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the effect of 2 precalving body condition scores (BCS; 4 vs. 5 on a 10-point scale) and 2 levels of feeding (75 vs. 125% of estimated maintenance requirements) on gene expression in circulating neutrophils. We isolated RNA from the neutrophils of cows (n = 45) at 5 time points over the transition period: precalving (-1 wk), day of calving (d 0), and postcalving at wk 1, 2, and 4. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR with custom-designed primer pairs and Roche Universal Probe Library (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) chemistry, combined with microfluidics integrated fluidic circuit chips (96.96 dynamic array), were used to quantify the expression of 78 genes involved in neutrophil function and 18 endogenous control genes. Statistical significance between time points was determined using repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer multiple-testing correction to determine treatment effects among weeks. Precalving BCS altered the inflammatory state of neutrophils, with significant increases in overall gene expression of antimicrobial peptides (BNBD4 and DEFB10) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10, and significantly decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL23A in thinner cows (BCS 4) compared with cows calving at BCS 5. Feeding level had a time-dependent effect on gene expression; for example, increased expression of genes involved in leukotriene synthesis (PLA2G4A and ALOX5AP) occurred only at 1 wk postcalving in cows overfed (125% of requirements) precalving compared with those offered 75% of maintenance requirements. Results indicate that precalving body condition and changes in prepartum energy lead to altered gene expression of circulating neutrophils, highlighting the importance of transition cow nutrition for peripartum health.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Abstracts"
}
|
Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins journal)
Medicine is an open access peer-reviewed medical journal published by Wolters Kluwer. It was established in 1922. Of general medical journals still in publication since 1959, Medicine had the highest number of citations per paper between 1959 and 2009. The journal covers all aspects of clinical medicine and publishes in over 43 specialty subjects.
Medicine is now a fully open access mega journal publication, providing authors with a distinctive new service offering continuous publication of original research across a broad spectrum of medical scientific disciplines and sub–specialties. Medicine covers the latest research and clinical developments in medicine and health sciences.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
References
External links
Category:English-language journals
Category:Wolters Kluwer academic journals
Category:General medical journals
Category:Publications established in 1922
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Wikipedia (en)"
}
|
// Copyright © 2019 Banzai Cloud
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package monitoring
type outputPrometheus struct {
baseOutput
}
func newPrometheusOutputHelper(
kubeConfig []byte,
spec integratedServiceSpec,
) outputPrometheus {
return outputPrometheus{
baseOutput: baseOutput{
ingress: spec.Prometheus.Ingress.baseIngressSpec,
secretID: spec.Prometheus.Ingress.SecretID,
enabled: spec.Prometheus.Enabled,
k8sConfig: kubeConfig,
},
}
}
func (outputPrometheus) getOutputType() string {
return "Prometheus"
}
func (outputPrometheus) getTopLevelDeploymentKey() string {
return "prometheus"
}
func (outputPrometheus) getDeploymentValueParentKey() string {
return "prometheusSpec"
}
func (outputPrometheus) getGeneratedSecretName(clusterID uint) string {
return getPrometheusSecretName(clusterID)
}
func (outputPrometheus) getServiceName() string {
return "monitor-prometheus-operato-prometheus"
}
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Github"
}
|
Q:
(Object doesn't support #inspect)
I have a simple case, involving two model classes:
class Game < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :snapshots
def initialize(params={})
# ...
end
end
class Snapshot < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :game
def initialize(params={})
# ...
end
end
with these migrations:
class CreateGames < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :games do |t|
t.string :name
t.string :difficulty
t.string :status
t.timestamps
end
end
end
class CreateSnapshots < ActiveRecord::Migration
def change
create_table :snapshots do |t|
t.integer :game_id
t.integer :branch_mark
t.string :previous_state
t.integer :new_row
t.integer :new_column
t.integer :new_value
t.timestamps
end
end
end
If I attempt to create a Snapshot instance in rails console, using
Snapshot.new
I get
(Object doesn't support #inspect)
Now for the good part. If I comment out the initialize method in snapshot.rb, then Snapshot.new works. Why is this happening?
BTW I am using Rails 3.1, and Ruby 1.9.2
A:
This is happening because you override the initialize method of your base class (ActiveRecord::Base). Instance variables defined in your base class will not get initialized and #inspect will fail.
To fix this problem you need to call super in your sub class:
class Game < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :snapshots
def initialize(params={})
super(params)
# ...
end
end
A:
I had this symptom when I had a serialize in a model like this;
serialize :column1, :column2
Needs to be like;
serialize :column1
serialize :column2
|
{
"pile_set_name": "StackExchange"
}
|
Love the thick, padded straps. Knocked off a star because the band is not adjustable, I worry about the little front closure standing the test of time, and it makes my boobs have a weird torpedo shape. It's so comfortable and supportive, though, and minimizes well so I can wear under button-ups.
This is my second favorite bra ever, and the sale right now is incredible. Please don't ever discontinue this. I love that I can have a supportive bra that is still delicate and pretty without feeling like I'm wearing a straight jacket.
This sports bra didn't come in my size so I ordered the largest size it came in. I'm a 40J and this 40G worked beautifully. The full coverage across the front and underarm is great! I wear it under everything around the house. It's well made and works like a tank under clothing or tan tops. And it's very lightweight which Iove. The only slight drawback is the bottom rolls a little but the
bra still stays in place.
This bra is great for open back/low back tops and dresses. As a busty woman I tend to stay clear of such styles. With the sexy back lace feature of this bra, I have a broader selection when clothes shopping. It's also great with racerback styles.
I just received my bras today and I am so happy with the fit. I have a hard time finding the perfect sized bras. These not only hold me up they look great without a ton of padding. I'm ordering more. Also, I received my product very quickly.
I decided to go up a band size (38DDD) because I read some lillyette bras run a little small. It was just a little too tight. and the cup was also a little small. I have ordered lilyette bras form Bare Necessities in the past 36DDD and they fit beautifully. I have to return these. I purchased 2 champagne and 1 black.
I'm pregnant with my first child and I've gained three cup sizes... making it hard if not impossible to find size 32G bras in store. Not to mention I didn't want to spend $100+ on bras I'm (hopefully) only going to wear for a few more months. Thankfully barenecesities carries all sizes & price ranges :)
Pros: Great support, great shape, wider straps that tighten all the way
Cons: where wires meetings in the middle it can dig into you after a while, making it a relief to take off after wearing all day. Doesn't 100% hide cold nipples lol
Tip: Runs a little snug - I recommend order one band size up.
I bought this for two reasons:
Crisscross straps are the only kind that stay up for me.
A closure in front is wonderful!
Both of these features work well. The only problem with this bra is the strap and band around the bottom are scratchy. By the end of the day I want to take this off!
I ordered both a 32C and 32D. I seem to go either way depending on the brand and how chubby I am. For this bra, I am a 32C. I did my research before I ordered this bra. I wanted a tough, fully adjustable strapped, supportive minimizer without any frills but didn't look like a bullet proof vest. This bra covers my checklist. AND I did not find my breasts looking "pointy" as one reviewer described. THANK GOODNESS. But I understand it might feel different for larger cup sizes. Also, it does not minimize like a typical minimizer, where it can decrease the appearance by an inch or two. A good test is a button down shirt. But overall, I found this bra very supportive with a nice shape.
I bought this bra and assumed because it was a minimizer that I would be crammed into it. Wrong! It's totally comfortable, minimizes effectively and is thick enough that there are no nipple bulges. I love it and will definitely buy a few more for daily use. I highly recommend it.
I love this bra! The style fits me perfectly and is the first bra that I've worn where the center lays flat between my breasts and also stays in place around my back. It's my most comfortable and sexiest bra ive purchased. I wear a 32-DDD.
I love/hate this bra. It is really cute and it holds me up very nicely. The straps are set on the very outside of my shoulders and the band is very tight. I bought an extender and that works perfectly. Other than that, this bra is the first bra in a while that fits me well and doesn't make me spill over the top.
I use to wear this bra for many years, in fact ended up with 3 of my friends switching to this bra. Then one day we couldn't find it in any store or online. So imagine finding it here! Thank you for stocking it!
Our apologies...We are experiencing a technical issue with this page. Please call us at 1.877.728.9272, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and we'll gladly help you complete your order.
If you prefer, you may also email us at info@barenecessities.com. Please include: Your name, where on our site you received the error, any questions you may have, and how and when you'd like us to contact you. Our business hours are Monday-Saturday 8am-6pm EST.
Our apologies...We are experiencing a technical issue with this page. Please call us at 1.877.728.9272, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week and we'll gladly help you complete your order.
If you prefer, you may also email us at info@barenecessities.com. Please include: Your name, where on our site you received the error, any questions you may have, and how and when you'd like us to contact you. Our business hours are Monday-Saturday 8am-6pm EST.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
0.6, 0?
0.6
Which is the nearest to 1? (a) 2/3 (b) -411/161 (c) 620
a
What is the closest to 1/3 in 0.042489, 0.4, -318?
0.4
What is the nearest to 1/7 in -3, 2/9, 96715?
2/9
What is the nearest to -2 in 506, -1.2, 54/7?
-1.2
Which is the nearest to -0.5? (a) -0.071 (b) 1/4 (c) -2709/79
a
Which is the closest to 3? (a) 2/3 (b) 5 (c) 90 (d) -0.5 (e) -0.069 (f) -539
b
Which is the closest to 11? (a) 544 (b) -1.3 (c) 2/5 (d) 5 (e) -0.3
d
Which is the nearest to -1/2? (a) 25890 (b) 152 (c) -16
c
What is the nearest to -2/5245 in 4, -0.009, -1/2?
-0.009
Which is the nearest to -12? (a) 230050 (b) -5 (c) 3/7 (d) -2
b
Which is the nearest to 171? (a) 20 (b) -0.6 (c) 1 (d) -6
a
What is the nearest to -5/4 in 0, 4, -0.05, 0.1, 1087?
-0.05
Which is the closest to -64/9? (a) -435 (b) -2/3 (c) -1/5 (d) -2/5
b
Which is the closest to -0.2? (a) 1 (b) -0.2 (c) 4/25 (d) -515
b
Which is the closest to -1? (a) -2904 (b) 0 (c) -5 (d) -2/11 (e) 0.16
d
What is the closest to 3/4 in -2, -0.61, 0, -19, 0.7?
0.7
What is the nearest to -1 in -8, -1, -5/4, -50453, -5/2, -0.01?
-1
Which is the nearest to 1? (a) 5 (b) -635833 (c) -4
a
Which is the nearest to 28/69? (a) -2/13 (b) -1/2 (c) 0.1 (d) 0.21
d
What is the nearest to 1.1 in -1, 13, 1143?
-1
What is the nearest to 7173 in 0.2, 2, 172?
172
What is the closest to 2/45 in -72428, -11/9, 1?
1
What is the nearest to -4.1 in -8351, -2, 2/11, -1/7?
-2
Which is the nearest to 1/2? (a) -4 (b) -2/47 (c) 0.1 (d) -0.2 (e) 340
c
What is the nearest to -0.4 in 298, -925, 5?
5
Which is the nearest to 192? (a) -0.2 (b) -1 (c) -2 (d) -1015
a
Which is the closest to -0.013637? (a) 38 (b) -5 (c) 5
b
What is the nearest to -2.5 in -12/3211, -1.5, -2/5?
-1.5
What is the nearest to 2/3 in -3/5, -0.1, 0.2, 20228, 69?
0.2
What is the nearest to 19 in 4, -21694, -18, -1, 3, 0?
4
Which is the nearest to -1? (a) 3 (b) -910 (c) -0.11 (d) 1312 (e) 0
c
Which is the closest to 1? (a) 37.86 (b) -25 (c) -2/27
c
Which is the nearest to -3? (a) 5 (b) -0.4 (c) -1/7 (d) -1/526 (e) 68 (f) 0.3
b
What is the nearest to -95 in 1/5, -0.066, -17/4, -27?
-27
Which is the nearest to 0? (a) -2 (b) 5 (c) -340 (d) -2/5 (e) 2/2171
e
Which is the nearest to -0.3? (a) 0.1 (b) 259 (c) 50/9 (d) -60
a
Which is the closest to 1? (a) 0.05 (b) -7.069 (c) -0.1 (d) 41 (e) -3
a
Which is the closest to -1/4? (a) 5 (b) -6 (c) 1/4 (d) -2 (e) -58
c
What is the nearest to 4.8 in 1/6, -3, 1/11, 0.2, 0.7, 0.048?
0.7
What is the closest to 1 in 5, -45, 0, -25, 50.4?
0
What is the nearest to -1/2 in -2/3, 321, 2, 479, 7/6?
-2/3
Which is the closest to -1/2? (a) -4 (b) -4/11 (c) 0 (d) 49/10
b
Which is the closest to 3/5? (a) -0.426 (b) 1.3354 (c) -3
b
Which is the closest to -10? (a) -3201 (b) -1 (c) 2/11 (d) 2/5 (e) 0.1 (f) -0.1
b
What is the closest to 71.2 in 0.237, 242, 1/7?
0.237
Which is the nearest to -24? (a) -1 (b) -15/4 (c) -10 (d) -8 (e) 0.3
c
What is the nearest to -226 in -2/3, -865, 0.4?
-2/3
Which is the closest to 27382? (a) 3 (b) 2/63 (c) 1/4 (d) 2/5 (e) -0.5
a
Which is the closest to 0.2? (a) -13 (b) 513 (c) 0.7 (d) -14 (e) -1
c
What is the closest to -1/2 in -85, 0.13, -3, -1/5, -176?
-1/5
Which is the nearest to 0.07? (a) -2/1721 (b) 36 (c) 0.4
a
Which is the closest to -7891? (a) 657.2 (b) 3 (c) -0.1
c
What is the closest to 0.3 in 0.06, -2523, 26/5, -1?
0.06
What is the nearest to 1 in -1/5, -156631, 2?
2
What is the nearest to 0 in -0.2, -168.1, 2/3, 5, -1?
-0.2
What is the nearest to 1/3 in -2, 889/33, 2/5?
2/5
What is the closest to 2/5 in -91, 0, -2/5, 4, -2?
0
What is the nearest to -0.1 in -0.4, -0.3, -3338280, -2/3?
-0.3
Which is the closest to -6.691? (a) -1.2 (b) -8 (c) 0.1 (d) -2
b
Which is the closest to -36/163? (a) -2/7 (b) 1 (c) 1.6
a
Which is the closest to 284? (a) -2/89 (b) -2 (c) 3.75
c
What is the nearest to 3029 in 27, 2, 7?
27
What is the closest to 2 in -3/7, 8.75935, 5?
-3/7
What is the closest to -30 in -0.5, -4, 2, -0.044, 35?
-4
Which is the closest to -2/3? (a) 2/5 (b) 0 (c) -17 (d) 0.0770548 (e) -4
b
What is the nearest to 2 in -0.09, 67, 0.3, 1, -2/7, 0.5?
1
Which is the closest to 10162? (a) 4/3 (b) -5 (c) 0.008
a
Which is the nearest to 0.136? (a) 0.04 (b) 300 (c) 0.3 (d) -5
a
Which is the closest to -2/3? (a) -0.7771 (b) 3 (c) -11 (d) 7/6
a
Which is the nearest to 3? (a) 5 (b) 1.35 (c) 1/3 (d) -13 (e) -2/197
b
What is the nearest to 1/3 in 39, 3/2, 0, 0.1, 181?
0.1
What is the nearest to -158 in 0.59, -0.9, -0.1?
-0.9
Which is the nearest to 26? (a) -21 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) -4 (e) 1/52
c
What is the closest to 8251 in -1, 8, 1?
8
What is the closest to -2/3 in 16, 2/5, -3, -2/5, 8399?
-2/5
What is the closest to -6 in -20/41, 0.209, 1/3?
-20/41
Which is the nearest to 4/9? (a) -2/69 (b) -7 (c) 72 (d) 0.6
d
What is the closest to -2/13 in -0.4, 2, -1986, 0.3?
-0.4
What is the nearest to -343.4575 in -0.4, -21, 3?
-21
What is the nearest to 7459 in -2/7, 1/40, 2?
2
What is the closest to 2/283 in -28, -1, -5, 104.1?
-1
What is the nearest to 0 in 5, -12, 3/7, -3538, -4?
3/7
Which is the closest to 2? (a) -631 (b) -2/17 (c) 11 (d) 0 (e) -1 (f) -1.05
d
What is the closest to 0.1 in 0.5, 3/2, 107/26982?
107/26982
What is the closest to -0.7 in 22, 0.146, -433?
0.146
Which is the closest to 2/5? (a) -37 (b) -0.3 (c) 0.1 (d) -86 (e) -1/8
c
Which is the closest to -1.42? (a) 162 (b) 15/7 (c) -3
c
What is the nearest to -7 in -1/2, -1/381, 4/5, 9, -0.4?
-1/2
Which is the closest to 82? (a) 25 (b) -1 (c) -39
a
Which is the closest to 2? (a) 4.5 (b) -0.4 (c) 46 (d) -1/9 (e) 1
e
Which is the nearest to 2447? (a) 2 (b) -20/3 (c) -6/11
a
What is the nearest to -7/8 in 581, -4/7, 2/7, 14, 1?
-4/7
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) 4/7 (b) 0.3 (c) -0.5 (d) -44/13 (e) -3/53 (f) -0.02
f
Which is the nearest to -2/9? (a) 594 (b) -0.027 (c) -0.1 (d) -3
c
What is the nearest to 0.2 in 4, 0, 16, 0.2, 0.58253?
0.2
What is the nearest to 19 in 966, 10/209, 0.2?
0.2
Which is the nearest to -609/8? (a) -217 (b) 1.6 (c) -2/11 (d) 0.1
c
Which is the closest to 0.1? (a) -13 (b) 1 (c) -19/22
b
Which is the closest to -3? (a) -0.7 (b) 4 (c) -5 (d) 0 (e) -518 (f) 0.03
c
Which is the closest to -2/3? (a) -1.2 (b) 231730 (c) -1/4 (d) -5
c
What is the nearest to -7 in 18, -0.5, 0.14, 1, 222?
-0.5
Which is the nearest to -163? (a) -5 (b) 4/5 (c) 2
a
Which is the nearest to 2? (a) -30/11 (b) 1335 (c) 10/23
c
What is the nearest to 34127 in -7, -1/4, -3/2?
-1/4
What is the closest to 7 in -5, -4, 0.1, 3/7, 377/2, -0.043?
3/7
What is the nearest to 2 in -22, -1/14748, -5, 0?
0
What is the closest to -0.1 in 468, -0.2, 0.3, 0.11, 0.2?
-0.2
Which is the nearest to -1/6? (a) 56 (b) 3 (c) -1 (d) -738 (e) -31
c
What is the nearest to -36 in 0.4, 1.4, -0.1, -1.26658?
-1.26658
Which is the closest to 0? (a) 0.5 (b) 21/2 (c) 22.1
a
What is the nearest to -0.31 in -7/3, -4/11, 3, -0.5, -3/13?
-4/11
Which is the closest to 3/320? (a) -6 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) -3
c
What is the nearest to -1 in -1/328367, -0.2, -3, 8/5?
-0.2
What is the closest to -132 in -2/271, 1/4, -3, 2/11, -4/3?
-3
Which is the closest to -0.59? (a) -0.02 (b) 1 (c) -0.2 (d) 12 (e) 2
c
Which is the nearest to 8? (a) -2/5 (b) -1/11 (c) -25 (d) 7.348
d
What is the nearest to -5901/2 in 5, -0.5, -0.1?
-0.5
Which is the nearest to -18/19? (a) -2/3 (b) -0.3 (c) 151 (d) -0.5
a
Which is the closest to 3/7? (a) 4.1049 (b) 1/10 (c) 0.129
c
What is the nearest to 3/2 in -1, 0.3, 75241, -0.08?
0.3
Which is the nearest to 2/9? (a) 48 (b) 5 (c) -3/5212 (d) 1
c
Which is the closest to 1.22? (a) 5 (b) 1 (c) -2/5 (d) -0.5 (e) -69
b
What is the closest to 0.01 in -0.11, -2/1873, 0.3, -2?
-2/1873
Which is the closest to -2/5? (a) 0.0668 (b) -2/3 (c) 1117
b
What is the nearest to 53 in -2/3, -0.4, -5, -0.1, 0.4, -12?
0.4
What is the nearest to -18/7 in 2.456, 50, 2/7?
2/7
What is the nearest to -0.1 in -0.3, -50152, -6, -0.1?
-0.1
What is the nearest to 1150 in -4, -1/12, 122?
122
What is the closest to 2/3 in 1129, 1/6, 3/35, 2/5, -345?
2/5
Which is the closest to 0.2? (a)
|
{
"pile_set_name": "DM Mathematics"
}
|
The play’s the thing
This autumn the BBC is laying on a lavish feast. Aas Rradio 3 announces a four year project to dramatise seventeen of the bard’s best, BBC Ddrama launches its Shakespeareseason on television.In much the same vein as last Christmas’ adaptation of The Canterbury Tales, the TV series puts a contemporary spin on the major texts: Much Aado migrates to the less rarified atmosphere of the regional newsroom; The Taming of the Shrew is transposed into the high-powered register of Westminster politics. Such reworkings are nothing new: indeed the continued appeal of Shakespeare’s plays arises partly from their unparalleledapplicability to different social and historical settings. What the BBC’s approach indicates, however, is the modern readiness to absorb and appropriate aspects of the bard’s outputfor personal artistic ends which is so endemic: “60 second Shakespeare”, devised to complement the TV series, is marketed as “your chance to give the world your interpretation of the great man in sixty seconds”, and represents the logical extreme of the trend for “potted Shakespeare” which has spawned endless reinterpretations across the gamut of the arts.The manner in which his works have diffused through our cultural consciousness is something, one suspects, the bard himself would have approved of – the plays delight in toyingwith and breaking down generic boundaries. However, in this frenzy of reinterpretation one cannot help worrying that we risk losing sight of the essential theatricality of Shakespeare. TV and film offer myriad new perspectives, but while it is stimulating and exciting to witness such a proliferation of new readings and interpretations, we should not lose sight of the fact that the plays were conceived not just as texts but as pieces of theatre: all the world’s a stage, rather than a screen. Historically, Shakespeare stands apart from his Rrenaissance contemporariesin bridging the gap between actor and playwright with ability and agility, being the only writer of the Eelizabethan stage to be the equivalent of a fully paid-up Equity member at the same time. Consequently he puts much into the dramaturgy of his plays – though directions such as “exit pursued by a bear” may prompt a smile, such details take on immense significanceelsewhere.This is not to insist upon tedious faithfulness to text or stage direction,however. The traditional is still very much in evidence: Stratford does a roaring trade in period-costume productions, but while the prospect of Sir Ian McKellan’s Lear as part of the RSC’s forthcoming all-star cast, no-holds-barred “Shakespeare retrospective”has luvvies up and down the country licking their chops, the zany also has its place.While Stephen Ddillane’s new one-man Macbeth at the Aalmeida may have traditionalists tutting into their pre-show gin and tonics, what it does demonstrate is that there are rich and original veins of Shakespeare interpretation yet to be mined in theatre. Dillane’sdeft drawing out of the sense of “a mind diseas’d” highlights the need to see Shakespeare’s plays not simply as stories subject to multiple retellings, but as imaginative acts requiringthe participation of the audience: “Piece out our imperfections with your thoughts”, asks the prologue to Henry V, and while Ddillane’s performance represents an extreme, leaving one slightly dazed by the level of concentration it requires, this is an aspect of drama we should not neglect. It is not only his spatial sense which sets Shakespeare apart, but his acute aware of the artificiality of his medium – his plays are intensely alive to and indeed comment upon the limits of dramatic representation, and there is a danger that in the new emphasis on the naturalistic,we may neglect not only the physicality, but also the imaginative suggestiveness of the staged performance. While new media may make valuable additions to the cult of the bard, we must remain alive to the challenge of the theatrical that Shakespeare offers the modern audience.ARCHIVE: 4th week MT 2005
|
{
"pile_set_name": "Pile-CC"
}
|
United States Court of Appeals
FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT
___________
No. 06-3605
___________
United States of America, *
*
Appellee, *
* Appeal from the United States
v. * District Court for the
* Southern District of Iowa.
Miguel Garcia-Orosco, *
* [UNPUBLISHED]
Appellant. *
___________
Submitted: October 18, 2007
Filed: November 1, 2007
___________
Before BYE, RILEY, and MELLOY, Circuit Judges.
___________
PER CURIAM.
Miguel Garcia-Orosco pleaded guilty to conspiring to distribute
methamphetamine (Count 1), which subjected him to a 10-year minimum prison term,
see 21 U.S.C. §§ 846, 841(b)(1)(A); and possessing a firearm in furtherance of a drug-
trafficking crime (Count 7), which subjected him to a mandatory consecutive 5-year
minimum prison term, see 18 U.S.C. §§ 924(c)(1)(A)(i), 2. At sentencing, the district
court1 determined an advisory Guidelines imprisonment range of 168-210 months for
Count 1, granted the government’s motion for a substantial-assistance reduction, and
1
The Honorable Robert W. Pratt, Chief Judge, United States District Court for
the Southern District of Iowa.
sentenced Garcia-Orosco to consecutive prison terms of 80 months on Count 1 and
60 months on Count 7. On appeal, Garcia-Orosco’s counsel has filed a brief pursuant
to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), arguing the 140-month sentence is
unreasonable because the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors indicate a lesser sentence would
suffice to meet sentencing goals.
We conclude that the sentence is not unreasonable. See United States v.
Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 260-64 (2005) (standard of review); United States v. Berni, 439
F.3d 990, 992 (8th Cir. 2006) (per curiam) (while extent of substantial-assistance
departure remains unreviewable after Booker, sentence is still subject to overall
review for reasonableness guided by § 3553(a) factors). Nothing in the record
suggests that the district court considered an improper or irrelevant factor, failed to
consider a relevant factor, or made a clear error of judgment in weighing appropriate
factors. See United States v. Haack, 403 F.3d 997, 1004 (8th Cir. 2005) (stating ways
in which abuse of discretion may occur).
After reviewing the record independently under Penson v. Ohio, 488 U.S. 75,
80 (1988), we have found no nonfrivolous issues for appeal. Accordingly, we grant
counsel leave to withdraw, and we affirm.
______________________________
-2-
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
187 P.3d 271 (2008)
163 Wash.2d 1039
MILLER
v.
ONE LINCOLN TOWER, LLC.
No. 80623-3.
Supreme Court of Washington, En Banc.
June 5, 2008.
Disposition of petition for review. Granted.
|
{
"pile_set_name": "FreeLaw"
}
|
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