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cytochrome p450 enzymes ( p450s ) are heme - containing monooxygenases that catalyze a variety of oxidative transformations in primary and secondary metabolism . p450 enzymes are widely distributed in natural product biosynthetic pathways from bacteria , fungi , and plants . these enzymes play a key role ...	fumagillin ( 1 ) , a meroterpenoid from aspergillus fumigatus , is known for its antiangiogenic activity due to binding to human methionine aminopeptidase 2 . 1 has a highly oxygenated structure containing a penta - substituted cyclohexane that is generated by oxidative cleavage of the bicyclic sesquiterpen...
unhealthy lifestyle behaviors including physical inactivity during childhood might track to adulthood , and in addition to their short - term health hazards , they might be associated with chronic diseases later in life . sedentary lifestyle is a well - documented predisposing factor for obesity , metabolic syndrome ...	abstractbackgroundthe main purpose of this study was to determine which correlate , perceived motor competence or motor skill competence , best predicts girls physical activity behavior.methodsa sample of 352 girls ( mean age=8.7 , sd=0.3 yr ) participated in this study . to assess motor skill competence and perceived ...
middle aged men , even in a good state of health , frequently develop abdominal obesity , impaired glucose tolerance , metabolic syndrome , lack of energy and chronic fatigue , loss of libido , erectile dysfunction , change in body composition as well as coronary artery disease with its sequelae . , these conditions ...	backgroundpartial androgen deficiency syndrome in the aging male is associated with signs of aging such as a development of abdominal obesity , sexual dysfunction , increase body fat , weight gain and the development of cardiac disease.objectivewe assessed the outcome of a commercially available physician supervised nu...
since june 2002 , the finnish pediatric diabetes register and biobank has invited all pediatric patients diagnosed with diabetes in finland to participate in the register and the biobank . compared with the information provided by all the pediatric units in finland , the coverage of the register is 92% ( 25 ) . around ...	objectiveto determine the frequency of newly diagnosed diabetic children with first- and second - degree relatives affected by type 1 diabetes and to characterize the effects of this positive family history on clinical markers , signs of -cell autoimmunity , and hla genotype in the index case.research design and method...
the word forensic , derived from the latin word , forensis ; means the art or study of public . forensic science refers to the area of endeavor that can be used in a judicial setting and accepted by the court and the general scientific community to separate truth from untruth . there are many well - known impla...	introduction : personal identification is becoming increasingly important not only in legal medicine but also in crime / criminal investigation and identification . sometimes establishing a person 's identity can be a very difficult process . dental , fingerprint , and dna comparisons are probably the most common tec...
renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) has a potential to metastasize to almost any site . in descending order of frequency , the most common sites of metastasis are the lung , lymph nodes , liver , bones , adrenal glands , kidneys , brain , heart , spleen , intestine , and skin . it can involve any part of the bowel and accou...	massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to malignancy is relatively uncommon and the duodenum is the least frequently involved site . duodenal metastasis is rare in renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) and early detection , especially in case of a solitary mass , helps in planning further therapy . we report a case of ...
zabardasti claims the molecule is aromatic , whereas korkin suggests the hcno monomer spontaneously trimerizes in order to reach a more stable configuration , a feature which if proved correct would indicate that aromaticity is an indication of stabilization energy . korkin discovered that it manifests strong s...	this study analyzes the aromatic nature of cyanuric acid ( hexahydrotriazine ) and some of its derivatives , in terms of aromatic stabilization energy ( ase ) and electronic behavior . the simplest molecule ( c3n3o3h3 ) is the most aromatic item out of the entire set , but some of the others also display aromatic cha...
gami - jakyak gamcho buja decoction ( mecasin ) was developed for treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with pain , joint contracture and muscular weakness . mecasin , which is the major component of mecasin , has been used in traditional medicine to relieve pain , muscle spasms and cold syndrome due to blo...	objectives : in this study , we investigated the oral toxicity of gami - jakyak gamcho buja decoction ( mecasin ) to develop safe treatmentsmethods : all experiments were conducted at the medvill , an institution authorized to perform non - clinical studies , under the good laboratory practice ( glp ) regulations . in ...
the success of root canal treatment depends on the eradication of microorganisms from the root canal system and prevention of re - infection . due to its complex anatomy , with multiple fins , isthmuses , ramifications and accessory canals , it is virtually impossible for mechanical instrumentation to shape and clean t...	objective : the purpose of this study was to assess the in vitro effect of ascorbic acid on the antibacterial substantivity of tetraclean in bovine root dentin pretreated with sodium hypochlorite ( naocl).materials and methods : eighty dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were infected with enterococcus faec...
polymethyl methacrylate ( pmma ) is primarily used for removable partial and complete denture fabrication as a base material . reinforcements such as fibers , glass1 and polyethylene or activation and processing techniques such as injection - molding and microwave2 activation provided new benefits in polymer knowledg...	purposethe aim of this study was to investigate the destructive effects of biofilm formation and/or biocorrosive activity of 6 different oral microorganisms.materials and methodsthree different heat polymerized acrylic resins ( ivocap plus , lucitone 550 , qc 20 ) were used to prepare three different types of samples ....
cannabis sativa , better known as marijuana , has been used in traditional medicine for millennia to treat various ailments [ 14 ] . development of cannabinoids from the cannabis plant as therapeutic agents has been hindered by their recreational abuse and addictive properties [ 5 , 6 ] . medical marijuana is prima...	since the discovery of the endocannabinoid system consisting of cannabinoid receptors , endogenous ligands , and biosynthetic and metabolizing enzymes , interest has been renewed in investigating the promise of cannabinoids as therapeutic agents . abundant evidence indicates that cannabinoids modulate immune response...
louis pasteur 's epochal germ theory of disease triggered the fastest advance of medicine ever . the great host of infectious diseases , with their aetiology at last discovered , was soon substantially conquered . additionally , freed of inevitable wound infection , modern surgery was made possible , led by liste...	schizophrenia is of mysterious causation . it is not infectious , not congenital , but shows familial aggregation , the mendelian genetics indicating involvement of multiple codominant genes with incomplete penetrance . this is the pattern for autoimmune diseases , such as graves ' disease of the thyroid , where fo...
stroke is one of the leading causes of long - term disability in the world , and in the united states , an average of one stroke occurs every 40 seconds . by this estimate , 795,000 new or recurrent strokes occur each year , with annual direct and indirect cost of cardiovascular disease and stroke in the united states ...	as a significant number of stroke victims exhibit cognitive impairment , neuropsychological assessments can enhance poststroke management by identifying pertinent cognitive sequelae and providing salient care recommendations . however , due to operational differences between traditional neuropsychology and stroke ser...
in response to jev activity , as evidenced by human clinical cases or the seroconversion of sentinel pigs , adult mosquitoes were collected on badu island during 1995 , 1998 , and 2003 ( 6,8 , and this article , respectively ) . badu island is located at 1007s and 14209e in the central western region of the torres st...	to determine whether relocating domestic pigs , the amplifying host of japanese encephalitis virus ( jev ) , decreased the risk for jev transmission to humans in northern australia , we collected mosquitoes for virus detection . detection of jev in mosquitoes after pig relocation indicates that pig relocation did not...
extensive soft tissue defects accompanied by infectious spondylitis are rare clinically . in these cases , medical / surgical therapy that involves debridement of the dead tissue and treatment with antibiotics can take a long time to carry out and a considerable length of time may elapse before the patient recovers ,...	spinal infection is an inflammatory process around the vertebral body , and it can extend to the epidural space , posterior elements and paravertebral soft tissues . infectious spondylitis is a rare infectious disorder , which is often associated with significant neurologic deficits and mortality . when an extensive ...
breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women , and metastasis is the number one cause of mortality in breast cancer . invasion depends in part on degradation of extracellular matrix ( ecm ) and interaction with molecules formed in the process . recently , increasing attention has been paid to chemokines tha...	increased expression of lymphangiogenesis factors vegf - c / d and heparanase has been correlated with the invasion of cancer . furthermore , chemokines may modify matrix to facilitate metastasis , and they are associated with vegf - c and heparanase . the chemokine cxcl7 binds heparin and the g - protein - linked re...
mammary analogue secretory carcinoma ( masc ) is a recently described pathological entity arising in the salivary glands . in 2010 , skalova et al . reported a case series comprising 16 cases of this salivary gland tumor showing identical histological as well as molecular features to breast secretory carcinoma . th...	backgroundmammary analogue secretory carcinoma ( masc ) is a pathological entity arising in the salivary glands first described by skalova et al . [ am j surg pathol 2010;34 : 599608 ] . here , we report the rst case of masc presenting as a cervical lymph node metastasis of unknown primary site together with a brie...
a 68-year - old male with a history of palpitations was referred to our hospital for further evaluation . baseline ecg showed sinus rhythm and frequent premature ventricular extrasystoles ( pves ) with a relatively narrow qrs complex ( 115 ms ) , an inferior axis ( tall r waves in leads ii , iii , and avf ) , a qr p...	left ventricular outflow tract arrhythmias originating from the aortomitral continuity , the left coronary cusp , the superior basal septum , and the epicardial left ventricular summit display common electrocardiographic and electrophysiological features , probably due to the close proximity of those locations . cath...
it is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by mutations in the ctns gene , which is located on chromosome 17p13.1 these mutations cause intralysosomal cystine accumulation in cells throughout the body . today , over 100 pathogenic mutations are known to cause cystinosis . the most frequent mutatio...	cystinosis is an autosomal recessive inherited lysosomal storage disease . it is characterized by generalized proximal tubular dysfunction known as renal fanconi syndrome and causes end - stage renal disease by the age of about 10 years if left untreated . extrarenal organs are also affected , including the thyroid...
most bladder squamous cell carcinomas have been described in paraplegics or in patients with spinal trauma . they are also known to occur in patients with long - term indwelling catheters and during chronic inflammatory states associated with frequent irritation and persistent infection . here we report a case stud...	herein we report a case of a squamous cell carcinoma of a well - healed suprapubic cystostomy tract scar involving the bladder mucosa in a 56-year - old man . he presented with a spontaneous suprapubic urinary leak from a suprapubic cystostomy tract scar . he had a history of urethral stricture and failed urethropl...
despite advances in plastic surgery , reconstruction of soft tissue defects with exposed tendons on the hand and foot remains a challenge . there are several reconstruction options , including skin grafts , local flaps , distant flaps and free flaps.1 , 2 , 3 however , the experience over the past 20 years has demons...	management of defects on the hand and foot with exposed tendons remains a major challenge for plastic surgeons . here , we present a case of hand reconstruction with a totally laparoscopic peritoneal flap . the anterior rectus sheath was preserved in situ . the peritoneal free flap supplied by peritoneal branches...
a 40-year - old male patient came with the complaint of pain and swelling in the anterior vestibular region for the past 2 weeks . history revealed recurrent episodes of pain and swelling and spontaneous remission following nasal discharge . on examination , the patient had a well - defined , fluctuant swelling obl...	nasopalatine duct cyst is the nonodontogenic developmental cyst , frequently occurring in the midline of the anterior maxillary region . the clinical presentation of the cyst is often varied and presents a diagnostic difficulty and frequently misdiagnosed as developmental or inflammatory odontogenic cystic lesion . ...
the development of analytical tools for rapid analysis and identification of expressed protein profiles in cell , tissue or organism is currently an important area in biological research [ 13 ] . although two - dimensional gel electrophoresis ( 2de ) is a classical technique that monitors and distinguishes multiple f...	one of the main challenges in proteomics lies in obtaining a high level of reproducible fractionation of the protein samples . automated two - dimensional liquid phase fractionation ( pf2d ) system manufactured by beckman coulter provides a process well suited for proteome studies . however , the protein recovery e...
ivemark syndrome is a heterotaxy syndrome affecting multiple organs of the body , often presenting with congenital asplenia and cardiac problems [ 1 , 2 ] . commonly seen as right isomerism , typically there are two right - sided lungs and right - sided atria . the heart contains septal defects with right ventricul...	abstractivemark syndrome is a heterotaxy syndrome which affects multiple organs and affects roughly 1 in every 6000 deliveries . specifically , it can cause total anomalous pulmonary venous return and cardiac defects , which ultimately lead to decreased life expectancy . in order to better understand the nature of ca...
in the last few years , there has been a shift in interest within the asthma community from focusing on what features all asthmatics have in common , to the differences that set them apart.1 we now speak routinely of asthma as a heterogeneous disease which can be categorized in various ways based on such characteristic...	the natural history of asthma appears to be driven primarily by the timing and duration of viral respiratory infections . from the very high rate of infections in childhood , to the more sporadic pattern seen in adults , the cycle of acute injury followed by an inefficient repair process helps explain the clinical patt...
synoptic reporting of all tumor excisions is required by the college of american pathologists ( cap ) . the cap specifically requires that each element in a synoptic report be reported in a required data element ( rde ) pair consisting of the element and the corresponding response ( cap laboratory accreditation proce...	context : the format of a synoptic report can significantly affect the accuracy , speed , and preference with which a reader can retrieve information.objective:the objective of this study is to compare different formats of gleason grading / score in synoptic reports of radical prostatectomies.methods:the performance of...
in may 2009 , diarrhea and fever developed in 8 persons living in southwestern france 1 day after they ate a homemade tiramisu prepared with raw eggs . fecal analysis was performed on samples from 5 of the 8 persons . the isolation was performed by using standard procedures ( i.e. , use of conventional selective medi...	we report a food - related outbreak of salmonellosis in humans caused by a nonmotile variant of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in france in 2009 . this nonmotile variant had been circulating in laying hens but was not considered as typhimurium and consequently escaped european poultry flock regulations .
the metabolic syndrome has become a major public health challenge with an estimated 22% of us adults having this condition . a consensus group for the international diabetes federation defines metabolic syndrome as central obesity , plus any two of the following : raised triglycerides , reduced high - density lipopro...	chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide . although the metabolic syndrome has been defined in various ways , the ultimate importance of recognizing this combination of disorders is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for b...
ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy , with an estimated 15 520 deaths in the usa in 2008 . ovarian cancer is a highly metastatic disease that is rarely detected when disease is confined to the ovary ( stage i ) and 5-year survival is > 90% . the great majority of ovarian c...	ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the us . factors such as the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian tumors and frequent diagnosis at advanced stages hamper effective disease treatment . there is growing emphasis on the identification and development of targeted therapies t...
considering the speed and the size of data as well as the challenges to be dealt by organizations , it appears increasingly vital to have some criteria available to decide about the success and to plan based on advantages and disadvantages . the development of a seriously competitive atmosphere among organizations an...	introduction : performance measurement is inevitable for university libraries . hence , planning and establishing a constant and up - to - date measurement system is required for the libraries , especially the university libraries . the primary studies and analyses reveal that the efqm excellence model has been effic...
the first case was reported in the english medical literature by larsen and solomon in 1978 . implantation of a pregnancy within the fibrous scar of a previous cesarean section is being reported more frequently , and the incidence is now higher than that of cervical ectopic pregnancies . there has been a substantia...	cesarean scar pregnancies ( csps ) are a relatively rare form of ectopic pregnancy in which the embryo is implanted within the fibrous scar of a previous cesarean section . a greater number of cases of csps are currently being reported as the rates of cesarean section are increasing globally and as detection of scar pr...
dental caries , more commonly known as cavities or tooth decay , is one of the most prevalent clinical conditions in the world . theworld health organization estimates that 60 - 90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have or have had caries , with indications that global incidence rates are increasing . w...	2-d radiographs , while commonly used for evaluating sub - surface hard structures of teeth , have low sensitivity for early caries lesions , particularly those on tooth occlusal surfaces . radiographs are also frequently refused by patients over safety concerns . translucency of teeth in the near - infrared ( nir ...
periodontal diseases include a sizeable group of pathological alterations of the periodontal tissue . the commonest forms of the disease are gingivitis and periodontitis , and these figure among the most widespread human infectious diseases [ 1 , 2 ] . gingivitis is very common and is characterized by reversible infl...	contrary to the common assumption that food has a negative impact on oral health , research has shown that several foods contain a number of components with antibacterial and antiplaque activity . these natural compounds may be useful for improving daily oral hygiene . in this study we evaluate the mode of antimicr...
transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) is a non - invasive form of brain stimulation that is thought to provide a constant low level of electrical current to the brain . approximately 1000 scientific studies have been published in peer - reviewed journals in the last decade , many of which suggest the benef...	several recent articles have called for the regulation of consumer transcranial direct current stimulation ( tdcs ) devices , which provide low levels of electrical current to the brain . however , most of the discussion to - date has focused on ethical or normative considerations ; there has been a notable absence o...
genomic medicine and personalized medicine have become buzz phrases that pervade all fields of medicine . omics research ( chief of which are genomics , proteinomics , and epigenomics ) over the last few years have allowed us to dissect the molecular signatures and functional pathways that underlie disease initiatio...	genomic and personalized medicine have become buzz phrases that pervade all fields of medicine . rapid advances in -omics fields of research ( chief of which are genomics , proteinomics , and epigenomics ) over the last few years have allowed us to dissect the molecular signatures and functional pathways that under...
the associations between diabetes and cancer have been the subject of debate for over a century . the length of this debate suggests , perhaps , that any such associations are relatively weak , and it is safe to say that most practicing diabetologists do not view cancer as a specific , diabetes - associated risk in d...	diabetes , in particular type 2 , is associated with an increased incidence of cancer . although the mortality attributable to cancer in type 2 diabetes is overshadowed by that due to cardiovascular disease , emerging data from epidemiologic studies suggest that insulin therapy may confer added risk for cancer , perh...
caries activity usually causes tooth decay or cavities and can even lead to the loss of afflicted teeth , which is particularly harmful to children 's growth and development . the world health organization ( who ) reported that 6090% of school children experience caries globally . preservation of the remaining vital ...	objective : the objective of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic effects of allium sativum oil and formocresol in nonvital pulpotomy in primary teeth.materials and methods : twenty children ranging in age from 4 to 8 years were included in the study . in every one of those children , pulpotomy was...
obesity is a serious health problem , which may range from a simple complaint of disability to premature death . in many epidemiological studies , the body mass index(bmi 30 kg / m ) or percentage of body fat ( pbf > 25% in men and > 35% in women ) the pbf is measured by several methods , such as magnetic resonance i...	background : the study was conducted to examine the comparability of the bmi and gallagher s classification in diagnosing obesity based on the cutoff points of the gold standards and to estimate suitable cutoff points for detecting obesity among iranians.methods:the cross - sectional study was comparative in nature . ...
leptomeningeal carcinomatosis ( lc ) , also called carcinomatous leptomeningitis , neoplastic ( lepto)meningitis , leptomeningeal metastasis , or more commonly leptomeningeal seeding , is the dissemination and growth of cancer cells within the leptomeningeal space ; it is one of the most serious complications that can ...	leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in approximately 5% of patients with cancer . the most common cancers involving the leptomeninges are breast , lung cancer and melanoma . however , gastric adenocarcinoma has been rarely reported with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis . the presenting manifestations are usually he...
a 52-year - old male patient presented at our hospital with progressive unilateral proptosis since 2 years ago and vision loss in his left eye . ocular examination revealed 2 + relative afferent pupillary defect in the left eye . computed tomography scan of the patient showed an intraconal mass sticking to superior o...	a 52-year - old male patient presented at our hospital with unilateral proptosis and vision loss in his left eye . imaging evaluations showed orbital tumor , so the patient underwent surgery . about an hour later after tumor removal , patient developed sudden vision loss and became no light perception . fundus ev...
although splenic angiosarcoma has been presented as an extremely rare malignant tumour in medical literature spanning the last 20 years , an increasing number of cases have been identified over that same time period . some of these cases are typically identified upon spontaneous rupture of the organ ( 32% ) , and as ...	splenic angiosarcoma has been presented as an extremely rare malignant tumour . amongst the rarest of all neoplasms , primary splenic angiosarcoma comprises 0.140.25 of all annually reported cases per one million persons splenic angiosarcoma was first described in 1879 by t. langerhans . the clinical symptoms and d...
	structural variants of -galactosylceramide ( gc ) that activate invariant natural killer t cells ( inkt cells ) are being developed as potential immunomodulatory agents for a variety of applications . identification of specific forms of these glycolipids that bias responses to favor production of proinflammatory vs a...
	certain phenyl - substituted hydrocarbons of environmental concern have the potential to disrupt the endocrine system of animals , apparently in association with their estrogenic properties . competition with natural estrogens for the estrogen receptor is a possible mechanism by which such effects could occur . we ...
they are not only the powerhouses of the cell , they are also major triggers for the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis , regulators of calcium homeostasis and providers of various chemicals for the cell , such as phospholipids and iron - sulfur clusters ( indispensable for membrane biogenesis and for the assembly of man...	repairing or disposing of a malfunctioning object is an everyday dilemma . replacing an item may be quicker than repairing it , but may also be more costly . cells are faced with the same options when their organelles are challenged . ensuring the health of the mitochondrial network is of utmost importance for cell...
in the united states , 3 million cases of suspected child abuse are filed each year , but only 30% of these lead to a conviction , indicating that diagnosing child abuse is difficult . the presence of multiple bruises of different color suggests long term abuse , as different colors imply different stages of healing ...	simulating the spatial and temporal behavior of bruises may identify methods that allow accurate age determination of bruises to assess child abuse . we developed a numerical 3d model to simulate the spatial kinetics of hemoglobin and bilirubin during the formation and healing of bruises . using this model , we stu...
autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome ( aes ) was first described by gardner and diamond in 1955 , when four women with painful bruising were depicted . patients with aes typically present with the development of recurrent , spontaneous , painful ecchymosis , frequently preceded by a prodrome of pain or itching of...	autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome ( aes ) is a disorder characterized by recurrent , spontaneous , painful bruising in patients with underlying psychosis and neurosis . its pathogenesis is uncertain . purpuric lesions reproduced by injections of washed autologous erythrocytes suggest an autoimmune etiology . ...
this case represents the first report of a novel hemoplasma species in a human in association with doxycycline - responsive pyrexia , hemolytic anemia , and a history of chronic moderate neutropenia . candidatus mycoplasma haemohominis is proposed for this novel organism should further characterization be possible ....	a patient with chronic moderate neutropenia , acute hemolysis , and pyrexia was found to be infected with a novel hemoplasma species . a clinical response to doxycyline was noted , and moxifloxacin was added subsequently to aid infection clearance . this represents the first report of hemolysis in association with ...
the support vector machine ( svm ) algorithm is among the most widely used supervised machine learning methods in chemoinformatics and computer - aided drug discovery . the popularity of svm modeling primarily stems from generally high predictive performance in compound classification and virtual screening . ...	support vector machine ( svm ) modeling is one of the most popular machine learning approaches in chemoinformatics and drug design . the influence of training set composition and size on predictions currently is an underinvestigated issue in svm modeling . in this study , we have derived svm classification ...
sunitinib is a small molecule that inhibits multiple tyrosine kinase receptors . in 2006 , the united states food and drug administration approved this drug for treating clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma . in patients given sunitinib , median progression - free survival is significantly longer than in patien...	we report a case of nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure apparently induced by sunitinib . a 67-year - old man with a history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma presented with progressive kidney dysfunction with proteinuria , general edema , and body weight gain of 21 kg after undergoing 3 weeks of sunitinib ther...
multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography ( ccta ) is a highly accurate noninvasive method for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease . advances in computed tomography ( ct ) allow us to acquire high - resolution images and reduced in time and contrast material needed to scan the target organs . imag...	background : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of ejection fraction ( ef ) on peak aortic time ( pat ) and peak aortic enhancement ( pae ) during coronary computed tomography angiography ( cta).materials and methods : one - hundred and twenty patients ( 64 men , 56 women ) underwent measurement of...
the subject of tumors of the nervous system is often looked upon with apprehension by medical students and practitioners , with some justification . the plethora of terminologies and systems of grading and classification , the bewildering numbers of separately named lesions , and their apparently endless histologic v...	background and objectives : immunohistochemistry ( ihc ) has become an important tool in the diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors . the judicious use of a panel of selected immunostains is unquestionably helpful in diagnostically challenging cases . in our study , the best combination of immune markers useful in diff...
hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) is an effective treatment modality , for a variety of hematologic malignancies . despite improvement in the prophylaxis and treatment strategies and supportive care measures , infection still is considered as a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients u...	backgroundinvasive fungal infections ( ifis ) are chief infectious complications in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( hsct ) . however , the diagnosis of fungal infections is difficult , and often empiric treatment initiates . since there is no data available on the prevalence of antifungal ...
basilar artery occlusion ( bao ) has been associated with a high morbidity and mortality , compromising posterior cerebral blood flow to the occipital lobes , medial temporal lobes , the thalami , the cerebellum , and the brain stem . clinical recovery is virtually impossible in the absence of recanalization . a medi...	basilar artery occlusion may be associated with a poor prognosis in the absence of recanalization . choices in aggressive treatment for this potentially fatal condition vary from intra - arterial or intravenous thrombolysis , endovascular removal , or a combination of the two , with adjunct anti - coagulation therapy...
amyloid peptides are derived from the amyloid precursor protein ( app ) by sequential proteolytic cleavages by - and -secretases [ 1 , 2 ] . amyloid peptides , particularly the longer a42 species , aggregate into various and different chemical or physical entities , which are now considered the primary pathological a...	patients suffering from alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) are typified and diagnosed postmortem by the combined accumulations of extracellular amyloid plaques and of intracellular tauopathy , consisting of neuropil treads and neurofibrillary tangles in the somata . both hallmarks are inseparable and remain diagnostic as de...
bio2010 calls for faculty in biology , mathematics , and the physical and information sciences to work collaboratively to find ways of integrating mathematics , the physical sciences , and the life sciences in courses and to recognize that faculty development is a crucial component to doing so . it also calls for inc...	funded by innovative programs at the national science foundation and the howard hughes medical institute , university of richmond faculty in biology , chemistry , mathematics , physics , and computer science teamed up to offer first- and second - year students the opportunity to contribute to vibrant , interdisciplinar...
	in a recent genome - wide association study of generalized vitiligo ( gv ) we identified 10 confirmed susceptibility loci . by testing additional loci that showed suggestive association in the genome - wide study , using two replication cohorts of european descent , we observed replicated association of gv with varia...
the osteomalacia is a metabolic bone disease due to the mineralization disturbance of the organic matrix among the adults and its representing causes include the insufficient vitamin d or phosphate or metabolic disorder . among the causes , osteomalacia due to hypophosphatemia induced by the impaired absorption in th...	adefovir dipivoxil ( adv ) is a nucleotide used as long - term therapy of chronic hepatitis b. many published reports have shown that long - term high - dose therapy with adefovir can be associated with proximal renal tubular dysfunction resulting in significant hypophosphatemia , renal insufficiency and osteomalacia ....
sickle cell disease ( scd ) is a form of haemoglobinopathy caused by the abnormal genetic substitution of glutamine by valine in the haem portion of the haemoglobin molecule . sickle haemoglobin ( hbs ) tends to form polymers and aggregates when deoxygenated and can lead to vasoocclusion and organ ischaemia ( 1 ) . ...	an 11-year - old child , a known case of sickle cell anaemia with a history suggestive of sickling crisis in the past was scheduled for surgical pulmonary valvotomy . pre - operative blood transfusion and hydroxyurea were administered . pre - operative blood transfusion is indicated in sickle cell disease patients ...
the principal physiological function of the prostate gland is the synthesis , accumulation and secretion of the anion citrate . citrate may be used as an important energy source for spermatozoa , or involved as a buffer or chelator of cations in seminal fluid . nadependent uptake of aspartate from plasma is achieve...	backgroundan important physiological function of the normal prostate gland is the synthesis and secretion of a citrate rich prostatic fluid . in prostate cancer , citrate production levels are reduced as a result of altered cellular metabolism and bioenergetics . na , k - atpase is essential for citrate production si...
acute abdomen due to spontaneous rupture of an intra - abdominal vessel is an extremely rare clinical condition particularly in otherwise healthy subjects . we report a case of acute abdomen in a young man due to spontaneous rupture of the posterior gastric artery . a 33-year - old man came to emergency department ...	introductionspontaneous hemoperitoneum in healthy males is an extremely rare , life threatening emergency condition with high mortality and morbidity , if not diagnosed and managed early.presentation of casewe present a 33-year - old male who presented with hemoperitoneum following self - induced vomiting.discussionto ...
fungal infection has rarely been reported in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis ( pbc ) ; however it may occur following live transplant ( lt ) in patients with pbc , predisposing factors for the development of fungal infection following lt include diabetes mellitus , cholestasis , hypertransfusion , acute rejecti...	the present study aimed to analyze the imaging , clinical and pathological features of fungal infection involvement in primary biliary cirrhosis ( pbc ) by retrospectively analyzing and reviewing the features of two patients with fungal infection involvement in pbc . both patients were female . one patient had a co...
improvements in composite mechanical properties have made them more reliable for use in posterior teeth than they were some years ago14,17 . the development of shrinkage during polymerization is the major disadvantage of light cured composites and compomers13,16 .the conversion of the monomer molecules into a polym...	the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the susceptibility of a hybrid composite resin ( filtek z250 3 m espe ) to staining , when light cured in four different modes and immersed in two different media . composite resin specimens were randomly prepared and polymerized according to the experimental groups ( c...
tuberous sclerosis ( tsc ) is a multi system genetic disorder affecting skin , brain / nervous system , kidneys , heart and lung and leading to growth of non malignant tumors . a combination of symptoms may include seizures , developmental delay , behavioral problems , skin abnormalities , lung and kidney disease . ...	tuberous sclerosis is a multi system genetic disorder affecting skin , central nervous system , kidney , heart and lungs . we present a case report of a 26 year old female with tuberous sclerosis who presented with galactorrhea and menstrual irregularities due to hyperprolactinemia .
left ventricle non - compaction ( lvnc ) or persistence of spongy myocardium is a rare form of congenital cardiomyopathy which presents with cardiac failure , thromboembolic events , arrhythmia and sudden death . we report a family with two deceased children and two alive offspring diagnosed with left ventricular ( l...	backgroundleft ventricle non - compaction ( lvnc ) or persistence of spongy myocardium is a rare form of congenital cardiomyopathy which presents with cardiac failure , thromboembolic events , arrhythmia and sudden death.case presentationwe report a family with two deceased children and two alive offspring diagnosed wi...
pharmacology forms the backbone of rational therapeutics , being both a basic and applied science . the primary objective of teaching pharmacology is to enable undergraduate medical students to take rational therapeutic decisions in clinical practice.1 it is one of the most evolving branches in medical sciences . h...	background : to assess the student 's attitude , perception and feedback on teaching learning methodology and evaluation methods in pharmacology.materials and methods : one hundred and forty second year medical students studying at smt . kashibai navale medical college , pune , were selected . they were administer...
cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) is the leading cause of death globally , causing nearly 17.3 million deaths in 2008 , with the number expected to increase to 23.3 million by 2030 , . according to world health organization , over 80% of the world s deaths from cvds occur in low and middle income countries , as they ha...	vascular stiffness is an indicator of cardiovascular health , with carotid artery stiffness having established correlation to coronary heart disease and utility in cardiovascular diagnosis and screening . state of art equipment for stiffness evaluation are expensive , require expertise to operate and not amenable for...
experimental details of the synthesis and characterisation , in vitro assays and cell - based studies , as well as supplementary figures , are given in the supporting information available via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.201300428 . as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting informa...	the 2-oxoglutarate ( 2og)-dependent jumonji c domain ( jmjc ) family is the largest family of histone lysine demethylases . there is interest in developing small - molecule probes that modulate jmjc activity to investigate their biological roles . 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline ( iox1 ) is the most potent broad - spe...
it is estimated that over a million such medical procedures occur annually world - wide . however , despite the minimal rate of early complications , up to 30% of all surgeries are revised within 1014 years of initial surgery ( 1 ) . these particles are identified as one of the main causal reasons for total hip arthr...	total hip replacement is considered to be a highly successful and routine surgery ; however , the internal components produce particles through friction and wear in the device . these particles are identified as one of the main reasons for total hip revisions . the generated , biologically active , particles provok...
the " super scan " of bone scintigraphy is defined as a bone image that " looks too good . " its characteristics include intense activity in the bones and diminished renal parenchymal activity ( 1 ) . ( 2 ) had reported the case of f - fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( fdg pet ) super scan involving...	a 50-yr - old man presented with intermittent hemoptysis and was diagnosed small cell lung cancer . 18f - fdg pet / ct for staging demonstrated extensive hypermetabolic lesions throughout the skeleton and liver . interestingly , skeletal muscles of limbs , mediastinum , bowel , and especially brain showed very low ...
annually , falls occur in about one third of community - dwelling adults aged 65 and older living in the us.1 the physical and functional impacts ( fractures , soft - tissue injury , premature institutionalization , and deaths ) of falls have been well documented , but little is known about the long - term emotional an...	backgroundlittle is known about long - term emotional and cognitive consequences of falls . we examined the association between falls and subsequent cognitive decline , and tested the hypothesis that depression would mediate any falls cognition association among cognitively intact hispanic elders.methodswe used dat...
esophageal atresia is an anatomical and physiological disorder of the esophagus requiring urgent surgical intervention . the most common early complications of esophageal atresia repair include leakage of the anastomosis , recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula , and anastomotic stricture . we present a case of atypic...	pulmonary torsion is a severe , life - threatening event , rarely occurring in children . we present a case of atypical postoperative complication of esophageal atresia repair in the form of pulmonary torsion comprising the middle lobe of the right lung . clinical deterioration in the face of normal arterial blood ...
the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase ( pi3k ) signaling pathway is one of the pathways most commonly activated in human cancers . it is a major downstream signaling component of receptor tyrosine kinases ( rtks ) and is critical for the regulation of cell proliferation , growth , differentiation , migration , and surviv...	activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase ( pi3k ) pathway is one of the most frequently observed molecular alterations in many human malignancies , including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ( hnscc ) . a growing body of evidence demonstrates the prime importance of the pi3k pathway at each stage of tumor...
prion diseases are a family of progressive fatal neurodegenerative diseases of infectious , sporadic or inherited origin , which affect humans and other animals . central to the pathogenesis is the conversion of a host - encoded prion protein , prp , into a misfolded , protease resistant isoform , prp , which accu...	we previously reported that prp gpi - anchor signal peptide ( gpi - sp ) is specifically degraded by the proteasome . additionally , we showed that the point mutation p238s , responsible for a genetic form of prion diseases , while not affecting the gpi - anchoring process , results in the accumulation of prp gpi - s...
urinary bladder rupture in the adult mare is rare , but has been reported to occur associated with parturition . repair via celiotomy has been described , but it can be difficult to exteriorise the bladder sufficiently , particularly in the case of caudal or dorsal tears . previous standing techniques have involved...	an 11-year - old mare presented 36 hours after foaling with a ruptured bladder . uroperitoneum was diagnosed on ultrasound and from the creatinine concentration of the peritoneal fluid . bladder endoscopy demonstrated tissue necrosis and a rent in the dorsocranial aspect of the bladder . following stabilisation ,...
these psychosocial interventions are valuable adjuncts to physical treatment for individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer . it has been determined that 33% of individuals diagnosed with cancer experience severe psychological distress and up to 70% exhibit some degree of anxiety and depression [ 13 ] . relati...	background . previous integrative literature reviews and meta - analyses have yielded conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for cancer patients . methods . an integrative review of the literature focused on 19 randomized , controlled trials ( 20062011 ) was completed to examine...
clinical information was collected retrospectively for january 1 through july 31 , 2009 , and prospectively from august 1 , 2009 through april 30 , 2011 . retrospectively , we identified patients who had been tested for influenza by use of a rapid test kit and extracted personal and clinical information from medical re...	a population - based influenza surveillance study ( using pcr virus subtyping ) on izu - oshima island , japan , found that the cumulative incidence of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus infections 2 seasons after the pandemic was highest for those 1014 years of age ( 43.1% ) . no postpandemic a(h1n1)pdm09 case - patients ha...
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance , increasing in prevalence with age . pulmonary vein ( pv ) isolation with catheter ablation is one of the primary treatments for symptomatic af refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic medications . in some cases , it may be even ...	pulmonary vein isolation with catheter ablation is an effective treatment in patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory or intolerant to antiarrhythmic medications . the cryoballoon catheter was recently approved for this procedure . in this paper , the basics of cryothermal energy ablation are review...
in senegal , livestock play both social and economic roles . it remains as the only source of livelihood for 30% of rural households . it is indeed a great potential for wealth creation in the sense that it represents 4.2% of the national gross domestic product and 28.8% of the primary sector ( gdp ) . nevertheless...	this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of anoplocephalid cestodes in sheep and goats in senegal . intestines of 462 sheep and 48 goats were examined ; 47.4% of sheep and 6.2% of goats were infected . the species identified and their prevalence were , among sheep , avitellina centripunctata 38.7% , mo...
odontogenic keratocyst ( okc ) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with specific histopathological features and clinical behaviors , high recurrence rate , and aggressive behavior compared to other developmental odontogenic cysts . due to its specific clinico - pathologic characteristics , its name has been changed...	statement of the problem : odontogenic keratocyst ( okc ) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with specific histopathological features , high recurrence rate , and aggressive clinical behavior . angiogenesis might be considered as an important factor for the growth , expansion , and distribution of this lesion . pu...
this is a cross - sectional study based on the primary health care clinics of qatar . the survey was conducted among qatari nationals between 25 and 65 years of age during a period from january to july 2007 . a multistage stratified sampling design was developed using the administrative divisions of the primary hea...	backgroundmedically unexplained somatic complaints are among the most common clinical presentations in primary care in developing countries and they are considerable burden for patients and health care system.objectivesthe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of somatisation in comparison to psychologisati...
rms is the most common solid primary tumor in children , but only a few cases of breast metastases have been described . we present the case of a young female with primary pelvic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ( rms ) which metastasized to the breast . in april 2000 , a 14-year - old female presented with a lump in her ...	metastatic breast disease is a very rare condition in children . rhabdomyosarcoma ( rms ) is the most common solid primary tumor in children , but only a few cases of breast metastases have been described . we present the case of a young female with a primary pelvic metastatic alveolar rms , which metastasized to t...
	the type 5 g protein subunit ( g5 ) can form complexes with members of the regulator of g protein signaling 7 ( rgs7 ) family , but the relevance to neuronal g protein signaling is unclear . we report that mouse rgs7/g5 complexes bind to g protein gated potassium channels and facilitate their functional coupling to...
the bar - code symbol represents general data such as name , age , sex , address , occupation , phone number , and nationality of the patient , which can be scanned with a specific scanning device to transfer information to the computer . after scanning the bar code , labeling of dentures can be important in early id...	a number of commercial methods for identifying dentures are available . they can be either invasive or noninvasive techniques . the less sophisticated procedures include simple engraving with bur , and more sophisticated procedures use labels or chips . bar coding system is a way of transferring data to the compute...
alopecia areata ( aa ) is a nonscarring alopecia that genetic and immunological causes have been suggested to be affective in the pathogenesis of the disease . prevalence of aa in the united states is 0.10.2% with an estimated lifetime risk of 2% . aa is characterized by sudden onset of hair loss in one or more reg...	background : alopecia areata ( aa ) is a noncicatricial ( nonscarring ) alopecia . the association between aa and celiac disease ( cd ) is debatable . several studies declare the relationship between aa and cd as measurement of celiac autoantibodies ( anti - gliadin iga and anti - gliadin igg ) , but a few studies ...
nanocontainers that can bind and hold hydrophobic molecules have attracted significant interest due to implications in areas such as self - healing materials and drug delivery . among the factors that are taken into account while arriving at a molecular design for these containers , encapsulation stability is...	dynamic exchange of guest molecules , encapsulated in host assemblies , is a phenomenon in supramolecular chemistry that has important implications in several applications . while the mechanism of exchange in micellar assemblies has been previously investigated , the effect of host and guest environment upo...
the occurrence of primary sex cord - stromal tumors at extraovarian sites is extremely rare . these tumors are predominantly granulosa cell tumors . to our knowledge , this is the first case of primary mesenteric sertoli - leydig cell tumor . a new case of a 78-year - old woman who presented with ...	the occurrence of primary sex cord - stromal tumors at extraovarian sites is exceedingly rare . we report a new case of sertoli - leydig cell tumor in the mesentery of a 78-year - old woman who presented with occlusive syndrome and reviewed the previously reported cases of extraovarian sex cord - stromal tumors in th...
approximately 30,000 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity and oropharynx are diagnosed in the united states each year , corresponding to about 3% of all malignant tumors . although visibly detectable due to the accessibility of the oral cavity , oral cancer has a high morbidity and mortality because it is typically...	oral cancer is often diagnosed only at advanced stages due to a lack of reliable disease markers . the purpose of this study was to determine if the epithelial - specific human calmodulin - like protein ( calml3 ) could be used as marker for the various phases of oral tumor progression . immunohistochemical analysi...
the stress arising from first child birth is classified even as severe stress among the psychosocial stresses . according to the global statistics , 1015% of pregnant women somehow experience different degrees of anxiety disorders and depression . antenatal anxiety and depression are so prevalent and serious problems...	background : pregnancy may be accompanied by serious physiological and psychological changes as it is a stressful period in a woman 's life . so , this study was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnant women 's general health.materials and methods : in this clinical trial , 60 p...
cells : hek293 t , human embryonic kidney 293 cell line expressing sv40 tag , cells were maintained under an atmosphere of 5% co2 at 37c in dulbecco s minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fbs ( fetal bovine serum ) , 2 mm l - glutamine , penicillin ( 100 u ml ) and streptomycin ( 0.1 mg ml ) . all e...	abstractrecently , we detected novel vervet monkey polyomavirus 1 ( vmpyv ) in a vervet monkey . among amino acid sequences of major capsid protein vp1s of other polyomaviruses , vmpyv vp1 is the longest with additional amino acid residues in the c - terminal region . to examine the role of vmpyv vp1 in virion ...
this study was a historical cohort conducted at a 1,000 bed community , teaching hospital . there was no funding received for the study , and all data collection and analysis was completed by the primary author . patients who had received intravenous contrast in 2011 were screened , via use of a random number gener...	backgroundcontrast - induced nephropathy ( cin ) remains a leading cause of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients . n - acetylcysteine has been studied previously for the prevention of cin , resulting in mixed findings.objectivethe objective of this study was to determine the impact of n - acetylcysteine on th...
chinese postpartum care ( zuoyuezi ) has been regarded as a crucial rite - to - passage for the woman 's recovery and the transition to motherhood after childbirth . the use of sheng - hua - tang , a well - known traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) compound prescription , during the postpartum has been popular in ch...	to identify the compounds absorbed in rat serum after the oral administration of wu - jia sheng - hua ( wjsh ) capsule , a traditional chinese medicine ( tcm ) compound prescription , an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( uplc / esi - ms ) method , was establ...
a 14-year - old female patient presented to our clinic with the symptom of hollowness that had been present in both gluteal areas for 6 months . the patient , who did not have any history of topical medication , redness , pain or itching in the hollowed area and did not describe any signs , had been receiving cortico...	lipoatrophy is characterized by inflammation and tissue loss in fatty tissue . this disease may be congenital or acquired , primary or secondary . secondary lipoatrophy develops with infections , collagen tissue diseases , tumors and drug injections . in this report , we present the case of a 14-year - old female pat...
the cdna microarray method has been developed recently and has been successfully applied to genomewide analysis of gene expression stimulated by hormones and/or chemicals ( inoue and pennie 2002 ; watanabe and iguchi 2003 ) . knowledge of the patterns in the expression of estrogen - responsive genes is essential to u...	chemicals released into the environment potentially disrupt the endocrine system in wild animals and humans . developing organisms are particularly sensitive to estrogenic chemicals . exposure to estrogens or estrogenic chemicals during critical periods of development induces persistent changes in both reproductive a...
the technology has grown tremendously , and now there are numerous types of probes and target elements . target elements can include genes , oligonucleotides , or bacterial artificial chromosomes ( bacs ) and new microarray chips can contain on the order of a hundred thousand probes . due to the technology , the si...	the main focus in pin - tip ( or print - tip ) microarray analysis is determining which probes , genes , or oligonucleotides are differentially expressed . specifically in array comparative genomic hybridization ( acgh ) experiments , researchers search for chromosomal imbalances in the genome . to model this data ...
functional abdominal pain ( fap ) is one of the most common diseases , and large percentages of children suffer from it . some studies showed a prevalence of 9% - 15% ( 1 ) . according to the rome iii criteria , the functional abdominal pain must include all of the following criteria : persistent or episodic abdomi...	background : functional abdominal pain ( fap ) is one of the most common diseases , and large percentages of children suffer from it.objectives:the purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of lactobacillus reuteri in treatment of children with functional abdominal pain.patients and methods : this study was a ran...
the administrative records from a large , private workers compensation insurance company in the united states were used in this study . these claims come from various different organizations , industries , company sizes , and geographic locations . all claims with complete data from january 1 , 2002 until december ...	objective : the aim of the study was to examine the relationships among age , tenure , and the length of disability following a work - related injury / illness.methods : this study utilized 361,754 administrative workers compensation claims . the relationships between age , tenure , and disability duration was estima...
a recent surge in interest in molecule - based electronics has highlighted the need for a better understanding of conduction mechanism in biomaterials . plant cuticle membranes have been found to contain high proportions of insoluble and acid resistant cutin biopolyester . current - voltage characteristics of nandi...	metal - sample - metal sandwich configuration has been used to investigate dc conductivity in 4 m thick nandi flame [ spathodea campanulata p. beauv . ] seed cuticles . j - v characteristics showed ohmic conduction at low fields and space charge limited current at high fields . charge mobility in ohmic region wa...
the study was a randomized controlled trial and included a pre - test , post - test and delayed post - test with a control group . the independent variable was mindfulness training and the dependent variable was the quality of life of the warfare veterans with ptsd . all participants of the study were the warfare v...	objectivethose veterans suffering from post traumatic stress disorder ( ptsd ) experience a low quality of life . this study investigated how the quality of life of warfare victims with ptsd was influenced by mindfulness training ( mt)methodthis study followed a randomized controlled trial and included a pre - test ,...
an 80-year - old female visited our clinic due to involuntary movement on her oromandibular area and both extremities . she was diagnosed with hypertension and chronic small vessel disease about 10 years before and treated with clopidogrel 75 mg and amlodipine besylate 5 mg daily . other family members including pa...	huntington s disease ( hd ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a triad of choreoathetosis , dementia and dominant inheritance . the cause of hd is an expansion of cag trinucleotide repeats in the hd gene . typical age at onset of symptoms is in the 40s , but the disorder can manifest at any time . l...
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) , a cluster of medical disorders including central obesity , glucose intolerance , dyslipidemia , hypertension and hyperglycemia , is known to increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) and type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) ( 1 ) . the alarming prevalence of mets worldwide varie...	backgroundsince genetic and most environmental factors shape the context of families , some studies have been initiated to investigate the role of familial relationships in metabolic syndrome ( mets).objectivesto estimate the familial aggregation of mets and its components by identifying both case and control probands ...

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