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neocortical epilepsy has comprised only a minor portion of epilepsy surgical series until now.1 it has not homogenous clinical manifestations .
widely different seizure semiologies could be found depending on the location of the epileptogenic foci .
scalp eeg often misleads or falsely localizes the ictal onset zone... | there is inherent difficulty in identifying the epileptogenic zone in nonlesional neocortical epilepsy , which leads to the incomplete resection .
however , with careful interpretation of other studies including functional neuroimaging and the presence of concordant results , surgical treatment can benefit selected p... |
fresh heparinized blood samples were obtained from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes ( age range 1843 years ) ( duration of type 1 diabetes 20 weeks ) and 30 healthy control subjects ( age range 2048 years ; summarized in table 1 and detailed in supplementary table 1 ) .
these studies were carried out ... | objectivecd4 t - cells secreting interleukin ( il)-17 are implicated in several human autoimmune diseases , but their role in type 1 diabetes has not been defined . to address the relevance of such cells
, we examined il-17 secretion in response to -cell autoantigens , il-17a gene expression in islets , and the poten... |
fibrogenic progression of chronic liver diseases ( clds ) , eventually leading to the development of liver cirrhosis and related complications including hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) , is intimately associated with pathologic angiogenesis and sinusoidal remodeling.1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 this is not surprising because... | pathologic angiogenesis appears to be intrinsically associated with the fibrogenic progression of chronic liver diseases , which eventually leads to the development of cirrhosis and related complications , including hepatocellular carcinoma .
several laboratories have suggested that this association is relevant for c... |
while it is just a small snapshot of the entire picture of the infection prevention measures needed , it is , nonetheless , an amazingly complex specialist area with its own dynamic . behind the facade of an ostensibly transparent service such as disinfection , as carried out in human medicine and other public institut... | in germany , the disinfectants commission of the association for applied hygiene ( vah ) ensures that the user can avail of procedures that meet the stipulated quality requirements .
these requirements are based on the tried and tested standard methods of the german society of hygiene and microbiology ( dghm ) as wel... |
a prevailing model explaining cell fate specification during central nervous system ( cns ) development is the combinatorial code , in which cell identity is determined by the expression of specific combinations of transcription factors ( tfs ) .
tf codes controlling cell fate during neurogenesis are indeed well ... | while much progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the transcription factor codes controlling how neural progenitor cells generate the various glial and neuronal cell types in a particular spatial domain , much less is known about how these progenitors alter their output over time . in the past years ... |
current rates of species extinction have been inferred to be orders of magnitude above background levels , based on well known groups with a fossil record , but whether these taxa are representative for biodiversity in general is not known .
there is concern that we are currently entering a mass extinction event comp... | human - induced climate change may threaten a large proportion of earth 's biota , but the uncertainties involved in projecting the future geographical distributions of species make quantitative predictions of extinction risk difficult to make .
i discuss how insight from recent advances in macroecology and knowledge... |
tp53 ( tumor protein p53 ) is the paradigm of tumor suppressors and the most frequently mutated gene in cancer ( present in about 50% of cancers ) .
alteration of the p53 gene is often associated with environmental mutagens such as ultraviolet ( uv ) light or smoking . as a result of sun exposure ,
the incidence... | the role of p53 , the original guardian of the genome , in skin has remained elusive .
we have explored p53 function in human epidermal cells and demonstrated the importance of a mitosis - differentiation checkpoint to suppress potentially precancerous cells . this model places epidermal endoreplication as an antio... |
premenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is a set of somatic and psychological symptoms which occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle ( 1 ) . up to 85% of women of reproductive age report experiencing one or more of the symptoms of pms ( 2 ) and approximately 5%
suffer from a severe form of pms called premenstrual ... | backgroundpremenstrual syndrome ( pms ) is reported by up to 85% of women of reproductive age .
although several studies have focused on the hormone and lipid profiles of females with pms , the results are controversial.objectivesthis study was designed to investigate the association of hormonal and metabolic factors... |
these changes are in response to the rapidly increasing number of available ribosomal rna gene sequences ( rrna sequences ) and the trend toward high - throughput rrna sequencing with the concomitant need for high volume rrna analysis tools .
details about the data and analysis services can be found at the rdp - ii w... | the ribosomal database project ( rdp - ii ) provides the research community with aligned and annotated rrna gene sequences , along with analysis services and a phylogenetically consistent taxonomic framework for these data .
updated monthly , these services are made available through the rdp - ii website ( http://rdp... |
neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of putative autoimmune etiology .
it mainly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord with the majority of cases having a relapsing disease course . in 2004 , a serum autoantibody nmo ig g , which binds selectively to central nervous system m... | background . in the past
the occurrence of neuromyelitis optica in malaysia was thought to be uncommon and the frequency of anti - aquaporin-4 ig g antibody was unknown . objective . to evaluate the frequency of anti - aquaporin-4 ig g antibody ( anti - aqp4 antibody ) amongst patients with neuromyelitis optica ( nmo... |
tissue was collected from postnatal - day-21 albino wistar rats ( rattus norvegivus ) that were euthanized by asphyxiation and subsequent cervical dislocation .
all procedures were approved by the animal ethical review committee of the university of sydney , australia and were carried out in accordance with the natio... | purposetransforming growth factor- induces an epithelial to mesenchymal transition ( emt ) in the lens , presented as an aberrant growth and differentiation of lens epithelial cells .
studies in other models of emt have shown that tgf-driven emt is dependent on the expression of the reactive oxygen species ( ros)prod... |
hypoglycaemia is a major side effect of some glucoselowering therapies , in particular , insulin and the insulin secretagogues ( sulphonylureas and glinides ) .
it is a frequent occurrence in people treated with insulin and is more common in type 1 than in type 2 diabetes 1 , 2 , 3 .
hypoglycaemia increases in fr... | abstractaimsto assess resource utilization associated with severe hypoglycaemia across three insulin regimens in a large phase 3a clinical programme involving people with type 1 diabetes treated with basal bolus insulin , people with type 2 diabetes treated with multiple daily injections and people with type 2 dia... |
olfactory dysfunction has been reported in several neurodegenerative conditions such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and parkinson 's disease ( pd ) and may be used as a diagnostic tool in these conditions . however , whilst olfactory dysfunction has been reported in korsakoff 's syndrome ( ks ) , the possibility of... | whilst olfactory dysfunction has been reported in korsakoff 's syndrome ( ks ) patients , the diagnostic implications of this have not been fully explored .
ks can be difficult to diagnose because cognitive symptoms are similar to other diagnoses .
for instance , patients with frontal lobe ( fl ) syndrome may prese... |
culture - bound syndrome ( cbs ) is a broad rubric that encompasses certain behavioral , affective and cognitive manifestations seen in specific cultures . as per diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders - iv(dsm
iv ) ( appendix i , p. 844 ) , they denote recurrent , locality - specific patterns of aber... | culture - bound syndrome is a broad rubric that encompasses certain behavioral , affective and cognitive manifestations seen in specific cultures .
these manifestations are deviant from the usual behavior of the individuals of that culture and are a reason for distress / discomfort .
this entitles these manifestati... |
research on the one - electron reduced
analogue of no , namely nitroxyl ( hno / no ) , has revealed
distinguishing properties regarding its utility as a therapeutic .
however , the fleeting nature of hno requires the design of donor molecules .
metal nitrosyl ( mno ) complexes could serve as potential hno donor... | |
autoimmune channelopathies are becoming one of the exciting areas of neurological diseases in clinical practice because , though relatively uncommon ( collectively perhaps 20 per million per year ) , diagnosis of these conditions usually indicates a significant clinical improvement following immunotherapies that reduce... | contrary to established wisdom , there now appear to be antibody - mediated central nervous system ( cns ) disorders . over the last few years
, a number of patients have been defined with antibodies to voltage - gated ( vgkc ) or ligand - gated ( nmdar , glyr ) ion channels or ungated water ( aqp4 ) channels .
som... |
while the use of autologous tissue is limited for reconstructing critical - sized defects , the development of biomaterial - based approaches to promote bone formation may abrogate some of those limitations .
regenerative medicine has the potential to revolutionize reconstructive approaches for critical - sized bone ... | backgroundour ability to guide cells in biomaterials for in vivo bone repair is limited and requires novel strategies .
short - interfering rna ( sirna ) allows the regulation of multiple cellular pathways .
core binding factor alpha 1 ( cbfa1 ) and hypoxia - inducible factor 1 ( hif-1 ) pathways can be modulated t... |
as the most common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract , gastric carcinoma is the second leading cancer in china , with an incidence of 400,000/per year ( approximately 42% of worldwide incidence ) .
although diagnostic and treatment technology has progressed , the prognosis of gastric cancer is still unfav... | backgroundas a common malignant tumor , gastric carcinoma requires early diagnosis to improve treatment efficacy .
microrna ( mir ) molecules have highly conserved nucleotide sequences and can negatively regulate target gene expression at the translational level .
mir-421 has been suggested to be related with gastr... |
nurses who provide end of life and bereavement care to infants and their families are potentially at great risk for developing stress - related health problems . the emotional strain associated with end of life and bereavement care not only affects a nurse 's health but can also affect relationships at home and with co... | background . nurses who provide end of life and bereavement care to neonates and their families are potentially at risk for developing stress - related health problems .
these health problems can negatively affect nurses ' ability to care for their patients .
purpose .
nurses need to be knowledgeable about end of... |
gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide , with an estimated occurrence of almost one million new cases every year , with half of the world total occurring in east asia . in terms of mortality
, it remains one of the most common causes of cancer related mortality , only second to lung cancer , as less... | purposewhile the trastuzumab for gastric cancer ( toga ) trial demonstrated the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab - based chemotherapy in her2-positive metastatic gastric cancer , the overall survival ( os ) benefit was not found in asian and diffuse - type cancer patients .
the aim of the study is to investigate pr... |
severe acute pancreatitis ( sap ) , characterized by atrocious
progression , multicomplications , and difficult treatment
[ 13 ]
is an acute abdomen that ranges from a mild illness to a
life - threatening condition .
clinically ,
the overall mortality rate for sap is approximately
38.4% . in spite of
de... | severe acute pancreatitis ( sap ) characterized by atrocious progression and numerous complications often leads to a high mortality rate due to hypermetabolism , systemic inflammatory response syndrome ( sirs ) , and multiple organs dysfunction syndrome ( mods ) .
studies have revealed that both early enteral nutriti... |
to a 2 dram , clear glass
vial equipped
with a teflon - coated magnetic stir bar were added 4,4-di - tert - butyl-2,2-bipyridine ( 13.4 mg , 0.050 mmol )
and [ nicl2(dme ) ] ( 11 mg , 0.050 mmol ) .
the vial was sealed
and evacuated three times via an inlet needle and purged with argon .
the resulting suspe... | photoredox / nickel
dual catalysis via single electron transmetalation
allows coupling of csp3csp2 hybridized centers under mild conditions .
a procedure
for the coupling of electron - deficient aryl triflates , -tosylates ,
and -mesylates with alkylbis(catecholato)silicates is
presented .
this method rep... |
the herniation can be classified into spontaneous , post - traumatic , and iatrogenic herniations .
only four cases of post - traumatic cord herniation into pseudomeningocele after nerve root avulsion injury have been reported in literature . in all cases ,
spinal cord herniations are best visualized on computed to... | we present a patient with old traumatic right brachial plexus injury , who developed progressive neurological deterioration 4 years after the initial injury . on magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) ,
herniation of the upper dorsal cord was noted into a post - traumatic pseudomeningocele .
though the herniation of co... |
premedication plays an important role in allowing a smooth separation of the child from the parent .
inadequate premedication can result in the child experiencing turbulent anaesthetic induction and adverse behavioural sequelae .
midazolam is the most common oral premedication in children and is reportedly safe and... | background and aims : premedication is an integral component of paediatric anaesthesia which , when optimal , allows comfortable separation of the child from the parent for induction and conduct of anaesthesia .
midazolam has been accepted as a safe and effective oral premedicant .
dexmedetomidine is a selective al... |
study subjects were participants in a comprehensive health examination conducted at the hitachi health care center , ibaraki , japan , during which colorectal cancer screening and , on request , abdominal ct scanning were performed .
abdominal ct scanning was introduced to encourage changes in lifestyle , such as die... | objectivealthough abdominal obesity and related metabolic abnormalities are hypothesized to promote colorectal carcinogenesis , direct confirmation of this effect is required . here
, we examined the relation of early - stage colorectal neoplasia to visceral fat area and markers of insulin resistance.research design ... |
arguably one of the
most important conceptual breakthroughs in modern structural chemistry
was robson s geometric interpretation of the structures of
coordination polymers as connected nets of nodes and linkers .
the language of reticular chemistry that developed
from that point has enabled the informed desig... | we report the structures
of eight new dicyanometallate frameworks containing molecular extra - framework
cations .
these systems include a number of hybrid inorganic
organic
analogues of conventional ceramics , such as ruddlesden popper
phases and perovskites .
the structure types adopted are rationalize... |
cervical pain means that the collum or regio occipitalis , a muscle , or a muscle and a blood vessel inside the neck are pulled or that pain is felt such areas . in most cases ,
when a patient moves his or her neck towards a certain direction , pain appears , limiting in the neck s movement , and pressure pain appear... | objectives : the purpose of this study is to analyze trends in domestic studies on pharmacopuncture therapy for treating cervical disease.methods:this study was carried out on original copies and abstracts of theses listed in databases or published until july 2014 .
the search was made on the oriental medicine advanc... |
, usa . tricine , 2-mercaptoethanol , hynic were purchased from sigma - aldrich , usa , and stannous sulfate was purchased from merck .
five hundred milligram of higg was dissolved in 10 ml distilled water and this solution was drawn onto slide - a - lyzer dialysis cell and dialyzed overnight at 4c using normal salin... | background : radiolabeled human immunoglobulin - g ( higg ) has demonstrated its utility in inflammation and infection imaging .
however , the present method of radiolabeling higg is time - consuming and complex.objective:to develop a simplified method of radiolabeling higg with technetium-99 m ( 99mtc ) via a nicoti... |
weight loss surgery is an effective and durable treatment for clinically severe obesity and its associated conditions .
bariatric surgery not only promotes weight loss but also significantly reduces cardiac - related death , myocardial infarction , and stroke.1 approximately 220,000 americans had some form of bariatr... | the frequency of anemia , iron deficiency , and the long - term need for iv iron following roux - en - y gastric bypass ( rygb ) surgery has not been well characterized .
three - hundred and nineteen out of 904 consecutive subjects who underwent rygb at penn state hershey medical center from 1999 to 2006 met the incl... |
most of the bacteria existing in the oral cavity are present as complex aggregates known as biofilms on the surfaces of the teeth and these biofilms are termed dental plaques [ 12 ] .
streptococci are said to be the first bacteria which colonize in oral surfaces and may consist 70% of the cultivable bacteria existi... | objectives : dental caries and periodontal diseases are caused by infection of teeth and supporting tissues due to complex aggregate of bacteria known as biofilm , firstly colonized by streptococci .
the main purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of toluidine blue o ( tbo ) and rada... |
to prevent medical accidents , users must be informed of the cautions written on the package inserts of medicines . these are exclusive legal documents that describe detailed information for each drug , such as the composition , efficacy , dosage , and cautions .
however , since the descriptions in package inserts ar... | backgroundto prevent medical accidents , users must be informed of the cautions written in medical package inserts . to realize countermeasures by utilizing information systems
, we must also implement a drug information database . however , this is not easy to develop , since the descriptions in package inserts are ... |
cholangiograms through this route are frequently performed to assess the biliary tree prior to removing the t - tube and discharging the patients from hospital . however ,
utilization of t - tube for percutaneous cholangioplasty has been described in a few case reports only .
the pain was mild - to - moderate in se... | percutaneous cholangioplasty is a commonly performed procedure for both benign and malignant diseases .
the most common route for accessing the biliary tree is transhepatic , following ultrasound or fluoroscopic - guided percutaneous puncture .
there are situations when alternative routes can be utilized to access ... |
there is growing belief that administering emergency medical care is a key skill for physicians .
but as early as 1981 , an article in the lancet reported a lack of skills among house - officers being tested on cardiopulmonary resuscitation.1 similar results were found in studies at the addenbrooke s hospital of camb... | backgroundpractical knowledge of emergency medical care among physicians seems to be insufficient worldwide .
research specifically aimed at family physicians is rather scarce .
additionally , in belgium there are no data on this subject.purposesour aim was to ascertain how confident belgian family physicians feel ... |
diarrhea , caused by acute infectious or chronic diseases , may be considered as an imbalance between the approximately 7 l of fluids ingested or secreted into the gastrointestinal tract each day , and the reabsorption of almost an equivalent volume .
infectious organisms such as escherichia coli or vibrio cholerae p... | acute infectious and chronic diarrheal diseases are important public health problems .
a recent study by fiskerstrand and colleagues identified a family with a rare early onset familial diarrhea . by linkage analysis and exon sequencing
, the authors identified a heterozygous missense mutation in gucy2c , encoding ... |
sexuality is an integrant and essential part of quality of life ( qol ) , and patient affected
by neurological disability , including stroke , should also be investigated and treated for
sexual disorders1 .
sexual dysfunction is
common after stroke , but is frequently not addressed by healthcare providers2 .
... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study is to examine patient preferences for counseling
related to sexuality post - stroke in korea .
[ subjects and methods ] a survey was conducted
on 200 stroke patients . among the 200 submitted questionnaires , 156 responded but 147
cases are available .
the questionnaire i... |
during visual exploration of the natural world , humans make saccades , vergence , and combined saccade - vergence movements .
the saccades are the fast eye movements used to change the direction of fixation rapidly ; they are conjugate movements , that is , the eyes move equally and in the same direction .
vergenc... | objective .
latency of eye movements depends on
cortical structures while speed of execution and accuracy depends
mostly on subcortical brainstem structures .
prior studies reported
in dyslexic reader children abnormalities of latencies of saccades
( isolated and combined with vergence ) ; such abnormalitie... |
genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) have successfully discovered nearly 1500 genetic loci associated with over 200 common disease and quantitative traits ( http://www.genome.gov/gwastudies/ ) .
gene interactions ( epistasis ) that could be a potential source of missing heritability evidenced in these studies ... | genome - wide association studies ( gwas ) have discovered many loci associated with common disease and quantitative traits . however , most gwas have not studied the gene
gene interactions ( epistasis ) that could be important in complex trait genetics .
a major challenge in analysing epistasis in gwas is the enor... |
hypophysitis is an inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland that is often mistaken for other pituitary mass lesions .
granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare inflammatory disorder , accounting for < 1% of cases involving panhypopituitarism or visual field defects with headaches .
granulomatous hypophysitis common... | granulomatous hypophysitis is a rare pituitary condition that commonly presents with enlargement of the pituitary gland .
a 31-year - old woman was admitted to the hospital with a severe headache and bitemporal hemianopsia .
magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) showed an 18 10-mm sellar mass with suprasellar extensi... |
pancreatic cancer is estimated as the ninth most frequent cancer and fifth most common cause of cancer - related death in korea ( 1 ) .
pancreatic cancer is rarely diagnosed before 45 yr of age , but its occurrence rises sharply thereafter . the incidence of pancreatic cancer is higher in men than women , and in afri... | several studies have reported that abo blood group , hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection contribute to the development of pancreatic cancer .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between these factors and pancreatic cancer in the korean population .
we retrospectively ... |
senior citizens aged 75 years and older represent the largest and most frequent users of health care facilities such as hospitals and long - term skilled nursing and residential homes
. since immune systems are often affected by aging and underlying diseases , incidences of hospital - acquired pneumonia ( hap ) induc... | backgroundvancomycin ( vcm ) treatment outcomes depend on the characteristics of the patient , and it is well known that hypoalbuminemia is a risk factor for poor treatment outcomes , as reported in a previous study .
however , the reason that severe hypoalbuminemia has an influence on the treatment outcome of vcm re... |
inverted papilloma is a benign epithelial growth extending into the underlying stroma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus .
the tumor is well known for its invasiveness , tendency to recur and association with malignancy . in 1854 , ward first documented the occurrence of inverted papilloma in the sinonasal cavit... | inverted papilloma is a benign epithelial growth in the underlying stroma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses .
the pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear although allergy , chronic sinusitis and viral infections have been suggested as possible causes .
the tumor is well known for its invasiveness , tend... |
ameloblastoma , a benign epithelial odontogenic tumor of the jaws accounting for 1% of all oral tumors and 911% of odontogenic tumors with an incidence of 3/10 million .
the hallmark of this tumor is its locally aggressive behavior owing to its alarming growth rate which may sometimes reach enormous proportions .
i... | ameloblastomas are rare histologically benign , locally aggressive tumors arising from the oral ectoderm that occasionally reach a gigantic size .
giant ameloblastomas are a rarity these days with the advent of panoramic radiography in routine dental practice .
furthermore , the granular cell variant is an uncommon... |
scs as glial cells of the peripheral nervous system are key regulators of the regeneration process of the injured nervous tissue .
they provide structural support and guidance for peripheral nerve regeneration by releasing neurotrophic factors ( 1 ) .
however , there are obstacles on way of clinical application of ... | background and objectivesschwann - like ( sc - like ) cells induced from adipose - derived stem cells ( ascs ) may be one of the ideal alternative cell sources for obtaining schwann cells ( scs ) .
they can be used for treating peripheral nerve injuries .
co - culture with scs or exposure to glial growth factors ar... |
singleincision surgery has the main scope to minimize the number of skin incisions , while maintaining similar ergonomics as traditional multiport surgery , and to provide the same or better patient outcomes .
the transition from multiport to single - site laparoscopic surgery had been challenging due to the severe l... | background : laparoscopic single - incision surgery is fraught with significant technical drawbacks but has witnessed increased growth mainly for its presumed aesthetic advantages . recently , a single - site robotic platform has been introduced to alleviate some of the technical challenges with laparoscopic single - s... |
the blood - brain barrier ( bbb ) is formed by specialized endothelial cells lining capillaries in the central nervous system ( cns ) , and it prevents or slows the passage of some drugs and other chemical compounds , radioactive ions , and disease - causing organisms , such as viruses , from the blood into the cns .
... | the purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of measuring different permeability parameters with t1-weighted dynamic contrast - enhanced ( dce ) magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) in order to investigate the blood brain - barrier permeability associated with different brain tumors .
the patlak algorithm an... |
skeletal muscle produces efficient contractile force because they contain thin and thick filaments of well - defined lengths that are organized into regular , symmetric arrays that interdigitate .
filament length is an important aspect of muscle function because a muscle generates force in proportion to thin and thic... | the sliding filament model of the sarcomere was developed more than half a century ago .
this model , consisting only of thin and thick filaments , has been successful in explaining many , but not all , features of skeletal muscle .
work during the 1980s revealed the existence of two additional filaments : the gian... |
we studied patients admitted to the prince of wales hospital , hong kong special administrative region , who had laboratory - confirmed acute hepatitis e during 2002 2007 .
acute hev infection was diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations of acute hepatitis , elevation of hepatic parenchymal enzyme levels , a... | most acute cases of infection with hepatitis e virus ( hev ) in hong kong were autochthonous , sporadic , and occurred in older adults .
all except 1 isolate belonged to genotype 4 ; most were phylogenetically related to swine isolates .
the epidemiology is similar to that in industrialized countries , where zoonos... |
myo - inositol ( myo - ins ) is the major component of a family of nine hexahydroxycyclohexane inositol ( ins ) stereoisomers broadly distributed in eukaryotic tissues and cells , where they are involved in basic biological functions .
ins is incorporated into cell membrane phosphoinositides or phosphatidyl - glyceri... | myo - inositol ( myo - ins ) has a physiological role in mammalian gametogenesis and embryonic development and a positive clinical impact on human medically assisted reproduction .
we have previously shown that mouse embryo exposure to myo - ins through preimplantation development in vitro increases proliferation act... |
proprioception provides sensory feedback from the body to the nervous system ; therefore , it
contributes to the maintenance of optimal body alignment1,2,3,4 .
it includes several
submodalities such as joint position sense , kinesthesia , and sense of tension .
joint
position sense is used for not only recogn... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of forward head posture
( fhp ) on proprioception by determining the cervical position - reposition error .
[ subjects
and methods ] a sample population was divided into two groups in accordance with the
craniovertebral angle : the fhp group an... |
ghrelin , a 28-amino acid peptide , is produced mainly in the stomach and to a lesser extent in the small intestine , pancreas , and hypothalamus and is the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor ( ghs - r ) [ 19 ] .
serine-3 of ghrelin is acylated with an octanoic acid , the process catalyzed... | gastrectomy reduces food intake and body weight ( bw ) hampering recovery of physical conditions .
it also reduces plasma levels of stomach - derived orexigenic ghrelin .
this study explored changes in orexigenic ghrelin system in rats receiving total gastrectomy with billroth ii ( b - ii ) or roux - en - y ( r - y... |
hashimoto s encephalopathy ( he ) is an acute or subacute encephalopathy with elevated anti - thyroid antibodies in patients with hashimoto s thyroiditis . the age of onset varies , but most frequently occurs to people in their 40s .
its clinical features are as follows ; decreased cognitive function , abnormal behav... | hashimoto s encephalopathy is an immune - mediated disorder characterized by acute or subacute encephalopathy related to increased anti - thyroid antibodies .
clinical manifestations of hashimoto s encephalopathy may include stroke - like episodes , altered consciousness , psychosis , myoclonus , abnormal movements ,... |
regaining balance ability is a fundamental component of the clinician s goals for patients
with a variety of disorders1 , 2 .
although controlling distal segments such as the ankle ,
knee , and hip is known to be a major component of balance ability , co - contraction of the
abdominal and paraspinal muscles als... | [ purpose ] the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of stabilizing
exercise using the pnf technique on standing balance in one - leg and double - leg stances .
[ subjects and methods ] the present study recruited 34 healthy participants from a local
university .
the participants performed... |
in recent upsurge of interest for an adequate scientific knowledge about human development in the arctic , an academic division of labour , the legacy of cartesian dualism , has left the material body to the natural and medical sciences , with social sciences and humanities for the most part occupied with intersections... | backgroundclimate change and environmental pollution have become pressing concerns for the peoples in the arctic region .
some researchers link climate change , transformations of living conditions and human health .
a number of studies have also provided data on differentiating effects of climate change on women '... |
there is evidence that the supportive relationship in education between student and teacher can be as a basis for student 's health promotion .
nursing students start clinical training from the second semester and this is run concurrently with theoretical courses until the end of the 3 year .
they learn in the clin... | background : student - teacher relationship is a salient issue in nursing education and has long - lasting implication in professional development of nursing students .
nowadays , this relationship in clinical settings is different from the past due to changing in nursing education paradigm .
the purpose of this qu... |
malaria remains a significant , debilitating and often lethal disease in many parts of south america , although its incidence , severity and impact is highly regional - dependent [ 1 , 2 ] . in lowland colombia , for example , malaria has been rated by focus groups as one of the most important health problems facing co... | to control malaria effectively , it is essential to understand the current knowledge , beliefs , concerns , land management practices , and mosquito bite protection methods in use by citizens .
this study presents a comparative , quantitative , interview - based study of land owners and/or managers ( n = 262 ) in the... |
cerebral palsy ( cp ) is a chronic disorder of movement and posture caused by a non - progressive brain lesion .
cp can manifest itself in many ways , causing spastic , dyskinetic , dystonic , ataxic and mixed palsies .
the prevalence of cp is 2 2.5 of every 1000 live - born children in the western world , making ... | purpose of the study : to determine in children the proportion and characteristics of epilepsy associated with cerebral palsy , learning difficulties and language and communication difficulties in a specific population of two special schools.basic procedures : retrospective review of case notes for 142 children in two ... |
ocular symptoms can represent first signs of potentially life - threatening systemic disorders like severe anemia in this case .
we report a case of severe vitamin b12 deficiency anemia presenting with white centered retinal hemorrhages .
a 40-year - old man , general practitioner himself , presented with a 1-day h... | background : to report a case of severe vitamin b12 deficiency anemia presenting with white centered retinal hemorrhages . methods : interventional case report .
results : a 40-year - old man , general practitioner himself , presented with a 1-day history of diminished left visual acuity and a drop - shaped central s... |
subjects were enrolled by assuring verbal understanding and obtaining written informed consents , which , along with the study protocol , were reviewed by an ethical review board in accordance with the declaration of helsinki .
an independent clinical research organization monitored the study progress and results , a... | abstractaimto compare the effectiveness of tworidge preservation treatments.materials and methodsforty subjects with extraction sockets exhibiting substantial buccal dehiscences were enrolled and randomized across 10 standardized centres .
treatments were demineralized allograft plus reconstituted and crosslinked col... |
keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans ( kfsd ) is a hereditary disorder of the hair follicle which presents with scarring alopecia and follicular papules affecting the scalp and other areas of the body .
it usually follows an x - linked pattern of inheritance , but sporadic and autosomal dominant cases can also ... | keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans is a disorder affecting the hair follicles characterized by scarring alopecia of the scalp , eyebrows , and axillae , sometimes associated with photophobia and keratoderma .
being x - linked , it is more commonly seen in males but can be rarely seen in females also .
we re... |
a 6-year - old female spayed birman cat presented with a history of weight loss , stiff and short - strided gait in the pelvic limbs and reluctance to jump , progressing to non - ambulatory tetraparesis over 6 weeks .
neurological examination revealed mildly depressed mental status , non - ambulatory flaccid tetrapar... | case summarya 6-year - old female spayed birman cat presented with a history of weight loss , stiff and short - strided gait in the pelvic limbs and reluctance to jump , progressing to non - ambulatory tetraparesis over 6 weeks .
poor body condition , dehydration and generalised muscle wastage were evident on general... |
severe skin damage and loss of the protective layer exposes underlying tissue to secondary infections [ 1 , 2 ] . in the united states , treatment of fire and
burn wound infections amount to more than 7.5 billion us dollars per annum . from one million patients , an estimated 10
000 die from secondary microbial... | injury to the skin causes a breach in the protective layer surrounding the body .
many pathogens are resistant to antibiotics , rendering conventional treatment less effective .
this led to the use of alternative antimicrobial compounds , such as silver ions , in skin treatment . in this
review nanofibers , and t... |
a primary reason for this perspective is to highlight the utility of in vivo model systems , and specifically the skin , in studies of basic cell biological regulators .
for basic cell biologists looking for in vivo systems to expand into , the skin offers a combination of advantages that other tissues do not possess... | advances in cell biology have often been driven by studies in diverse organisms and cell types .
although there are technical reasons for why different cell types are used , there are also important physiological reasons . for example , ultrastructural studies of vesicle transport were aided by the use of professiona... |
newcastle disease ( nd ) is still considered as an economically important disease which is highly contagious infection for many avian species .
nd is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1 ( apmv-1 ) of the genus avulavirus belonging to the family paramyxoviridae . according to the world organizatio... | the biological properties and pathogenicity of seven newcastle disease virus field isolates were studied .
these isolates were recovered from different outbreaks in sudan ( 5 from chickens and 2 from pigeons ) during 20082013 . based on intracerebral pathogenicity index ,
four ndv isolates were characterized as vel... |
uric acid ( ua ) has been formerly considered as a major antioxidant in human plasma with possible beneficial antiatherosclerotic effects ; however , since the beginning of the twentieth century , uric acid has been suggested as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases . while epidemiologic studies suggested that hype... | the purpose of this work was to investigate if in adolescents with hyperuricemia serum levels of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine ( adma , sdma ) are increased and if their levels correlate with serum uric acid ( ua ) .
patients and methods .
the study group consisted of 58 hyperuricemic patients aged medi... |
a 46-year - old woman presented to kyungpook national university hospital with a one - year history of chest discomfort and dyspnea , as well as a history of three operations for cardiac myxoma , including biatrial cardiac tumor resection in 1984 , followed 10 years later by the resection of a recurrent left atrial and... | although cardiac myxoma is the most commonly encountered benign cardiac tumor in cardiac surgery practice , recurrent cardiac myxoma is very rare , is most commonly related to the carney complex , and usually requires multiple cardiac operations with specific requirements in terms of perioperative management . in this ... |
the technical convenience of milk as a source of dna can be expected to increase the field of application of the markerbased methods for genetic analysis of goat genome .
it has a remarkable importance for several reasons related to governmental regulation and public health .
mixture in dairy products and species s... | conflict of interest : none declared.introductionthis study was carried out to evaluate pcr - based method for detection of dna in goat milk .
it utilized primers targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b ( mtcyt - b ) gene , which was used as a target dna for pcr amplification.methodsfor the specific identification o... |
we demonstrate a
strategy to trigger and finely control the assembly
of supramolecular dna nanostructures with ph .
control is achieved
via a rationally designed strand displacement circuit that responds
to ph and activates a downstream dna tile self - assembly process .
we
observe that the dna structures... | |
trauma , a preventable condition , is the leading cause of death in the first four decades of life.1 trauma care starts from the first few minutes at the scene after an accident and continues on the way to the hospital where more definitive care is given .
mortality in the first hour depends on several factors among ... | background : although rood traffic accident ( rta ) is a noticeable common cause of death in saudi arabia , there is no published data showing the relative frequency of this disease as a cause of death.aim of the study : this study attempted to find out the relative frequency of rta as a cause of death . also , to iden... |
giant cell tumors ( gcts ) are rare lesions that develop in the epiphyses of long bones in the extremities .
they are exceptional lesions when they occur in the skull , and then are usually found in the sphenoid or temporal bones .
their adverse effects are usually the result of compression , often causing cranial ... | giant cell tumors ( gcts ) are rare , usually affecting the epiphyses in long bones of the extremities .
they seldom occur in the skull , where they preferentially affect the sphenoid and temporal bones .
considered to be benign , locally aggressive lesions , they may cause cranial nerve deficits by compression but... |
patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) can be sustained with dialysis therapy . however , patient s survival rate is higher with renal transplantation , which makes it the preferred method of treatment .
in addition , renal transplant recipients have better quality of life than those under dialysis ( 1 ) . ho... | background : patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) can be sustained with dialysis therapy.objectives:in this study , we followed up the effect of early acute and late acute rejections on survival rates of patients grafts.patients and methods : we investigated the timing and frequency of acute rejection episode... |
one of the main objectives of root canal preparation is cleaning and shaping of the root canal system , while retaining the original shape of the canal without creating iatrogenic events , such as instrument fracture , apical transportation , ledge or perforation .
deviation from the original canal path and occurrenc... | objectives : cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is an important step in endodontic therapy . new instruments
incorporate new preparation techniques that can improve the efficacy of cleaning and shaping .
the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of mtwo and race rotary file systems in straighteni... |
heart failure ( hf ) is known to have consequences for physical function affecting daily life of the patient and his / her partner .
patients with hf may report a decrease in sexual performance , a loss of sexual pleasure or satisfaction , a decrease of sexual interest , and a decrease in the frequency of sex.1 , 2 ,... | abstractapproximately 60% to 87% of patients with heart failure ( hf ) report sexual problems , and numbers as low as 31% of hf patients younger than 70 have normal sexual function .
when compared with healthy elders , the amount of perceived sexual dysfunction might be similar ( around 56% ) , but patients with hf a... |
a 43-year - old woman presented with recurrent paroxysmal involuntary movements of her right upper limb and quadriparesis .
she had four previous relapsing and progressive episodes presenting as right upper limb monoparesis , quadriparesis , and paresthesias during three years .
the previous weakness resolved incom... | movement disorders secondary to intrinsic spinal cord disease are rare .
paroxysmal chorea has not yet been reported in the neuromyelitis optica ( nmo ) .
we report a 43-year - old woman with relapsing - remitting cervical myelopathy who developed paroxysmal chorea during clinical exacerbation of nmo .
mri scan o... |
painful hips with periprosthetic masses may be caused by high wear , but if this can be ruled out , metal hypersensitivity should be considered .
the first generation hip resurfacing arthroplasty ( hra ) developed in the 1970s used a cobalt - chromium or titanium alloy femoral component bearing against a polyethylene... | backgroundpseudotumor - like periprosthetic tissue reactions around metal - on - metal ( m - m ) hip replacements can cause pain and lead to revision surgery .
the cause of these reactions is not well understood but could be due to excessive wear , or metal hypersensitivity or an as - yet unknown cause .
the tissue... |
iron overload disturbs many physiological functions and provides iron deposition in different organs including kidney .
kidney iron deposition ( kid ) has been observed in patients with kidney diseases , sickle cell disease , and aplastic anemia .
kid has been also developed in experimental animals for different re... | background : kidney iron deposition ( kid ) is caused by iron overload that is observed in kidney diseases and anemia .
the protective effects of deferoxamine ( df ) and silymarin ( sm ) were studied against iron overload - induced kid in rat model.methods:rats received iron dextran ( 200 mg / kg ) for a period of 4 ... |
h and 13c nmr spectra were recorded at ambient temperature in cdcl3 and dmso on a bruker amc instrument operating at 300.12 and 75.47 mhz , respectively or a bruker drx instrument operating at 500 , respectively 125 mhz .
si gel for chromatography was silica gel 60 ( 0.20.5 mm merck ) for analytical work and for prep... | a new compound maleimide-5-oxime was isolated , together with 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid , tetillapyrone , from the ethyl acetate extract of the marine sponge haliclona baeri while tetillapyrone , nortetillapyrone , p - hydroxybenzaldehyde and phenylacetic acid were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of haliclona c... |
bipolar dislocation of clavicle , was first reported by poral in 1831.1 scapinallium ( 2004)2 though collected 26 published cases yet it is considered a rare entity . although relatively minor trauma was also reported as the cause of bipolar dislocation , floating clavicle most principally results from major trauma whi... | bipolar dislocation of the clavicle at acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joint is an uncommon traumatic injury .
the conservative treatments adopted in the past is associated with redislocation dysfunction and deformity .
a 41 years old lady with bipolar dislocation of right shoulder is treated surgically by o... |
epilepsy is a common disease with a cumulative lifetime risk of at least 3%.1 it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality , as well as decreased quality of life in a variety of social , educational , and vocational measures.24 specifically , mortality has been demonstrated to be up to threefold higher in ... | one - third of patients with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite current treatments , indicating the need for better antiseizure medications with novel mechanisms of action .
ezogabine ( retigabine ) has recently been approved for adjunctive treatment of partial - onset seizures in adult patients with epilepsy... |
enamel is the outermost covering of vertebrate teeth and the hardest tissue in the vertebrate body . during tooth development , ectoderm - derived ameloblast cells create enamel by synthesizing a complex protein mixture into the extracellular space where the proteins self - assemble to form a matrix that patterns the h... | the process of tooth mineralization and the role of molecular control of cellular behavior during embryonic tooth development have attracted much attention the last few years . the knowledge gained from the research in these fields
has improved the general understanding about the formation of dental tissues and the e... |
thirty - seven subjects were enrolled in this study ; there were 19 men and 18 women with a mean age of 70 years ( age range : 47 - 85 years ) .
the study protocol was approved by the institutional review board of our university and also by the ethics committee of the institute for medical science .
the procedure w... | objectivewe wanted to determine the technical and clinical efficacy of using a ptfe - covered self - expandable nitinol stent for the palliative treatment of malignant biliary obstruction.materials and methodsthirty - seven patients with common bile duct strictures caused by malignant disease were treated by placing a ... |
randomized , controlled clinical studies are considered the gold standard for the evaluation of efficacy , safety , and tolerability of pharmaceutical drugs.1,2 such studies allow for rigorous assessment of these parameters in controlled settings that prevent potential confounds when observing a drug 's effect(s).3 the... | background and aimsthere is a paucity of information regarding similarities and differences between patients from the phase 3 studies of telaprevir and those receiving telaprevir in clinical practice.methodsthis retrospective chart review evaluated baseline characteristics and follow - up safety and tolerability data f... |
health technology assessment ( hta ) is an effective policy tool in the evidence - based evaluation of health care technologies .
one of the most important components of any hta is its focus on ethical considerations of technologies .
this matter is both dissscussed as decision criteria and also as an ethical or va... | background : dealing with ethical considerations is a major component of health technology assessment
( hta ) definitions .
objectives : present study aimed to explore and describe the manner of ethical analyses in hta reports and the
effects it had on hta - related decision making around the world .
methods : ... |
allergic diseases in western countries have steadily increased over the last 20 years , affecting the respiratory system , conjunctiva , and skin.1,2 moreover , an emergent aspect is the association of gastrointestinal involvement with respiratory and/or cutaneous symptoms , arising from allergies and/or intolerance . ... | backgroundtoxocara canis is an intestinal nematode affecting dogs and cats , which causes human infection when embryonated eggs excreted in dog feces are ingested .
humans are paratenic hosts .
although the larvae do not develop into adult worms in the human body , they may migrate to various tissues and organs whe... |
herpes zoster typically affects the thoracic and lumbar vertebra ( t3-l3 ) , and sacral herpes zoster is found in only 4% of cases .
it usually occurs on one side of the sacrum , and in less than 1% of cases , it occurs on both sides .
this dysfunction is experienced by only 4% of herpes zoster patients , but it ca... | when a patient presents with acute voiding dysfunction without a typical skin rash , it may be difficult to make a diagnosis of herpes zoster . here , we present a case of scrub typhus in a 25-year - old man with the complication of urinary dysfunction .
the patient complained of loss of urinary voiding sensation and... |
the development of techniques for phalloplasty has paralleled the evolution of flap development in reconstructive surgery itself .
gillies and harrison , in 1948 , were amongst the first to take up the challenge .
the aims of penile reconstruction are to enable urination in the standing position , to enable sexual ... | plastic surgery continues to maintain a prominent presence in the evolution of male genital reconstruction . in this case report
, we are presenting a case of post - electric burn with a total loss of penis .
sustaining other major injuries following an electric burn with loss of right upper limb and extensive tiss... |
trauma remains a major health burden worldwide despite the various preventive measures that have been developed .
the major burden of trauma estimated at about 90% is borne by middle and low - income countries . during the trauma ; the maxillofacial region is highly vulnerable to injury either in isolation or in comb... | background : trauma remains a leading cause of maxillofacial injury globally . changing etiological factors and patterns of maxillofacial injury continue to be reported and are largely modulated by socio - geographic and environmental factors .
it is important to have an in - depth understanding of the pattern and et... |
the goal of explaining the origin of species has inspired more than two centuries of scientific inquiry , involving early naturalists through to modern evolutionary biologists .
though only hinted at by darwin , the idea that the evolution of reproductive isolation is central to the process of speciation is now wid... | in just the last few years , plant geneticists have made tremendous progress in identifying the molecular genetic basis of postzygotic reproductive isolation . with more than a dozen genes
now cloned , it is clear that plant hybrid incompatibilities usually evolve via two or more mutational steps , as is predicted by... |
williams beuren syndrome ( wbs ) is one of the most common recurrent microdeletion syndromes , with an estimated incidence varying from 1 in 7500 to 1 in 20,000 births 1 , 2 .
patients can be recognized clinically , given their characteristic features , encompassing congenital heart defect , typically supravalvular ... | key clinical messagepatients with williams beuren syndrome can be recognized clinically , given the characteristic dysmorphism , intellectual disability , and behavior .
we report on a congolese boy with typical wbs facial characteristics .
he suffered meningitis and coma at the age of 2 years then subsequently pr... |
a hypersensitivity reaction ( hsr ) is a host - dependent idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction ( adr ) that can not be predicted by the dose , frequency , or length of the treatment .
hsr is defined by the triad of fever , rash , and internal organ involvement [ 16 ] .
hsrs occur with an incidence of 1 in 1000 to 1 ... | background .
there are challenges in the clinical diagnosis of drug - induced injury and in obtaining information on the reactivation of human herpes viruses ( hhv ) during idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions
. objectives .
( i ) to develop a unified list of drugs incriminated in drug - induced hepatotoxicity an... |
animal testing procedures were approved by the animal care and use committee of the national institute on aging .
methods are described in detail in the supplementary material , available in an online appendix at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/db09-0807/dc1 .
serial sections ( 10-m thickness ... | objectiveit is becoming apparent that there is a strong link between taste perception and energy homeostasis .
recent evidence implicates gut - related hormones in taste perception , including glucagon - like peptide 1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide ( vip ) .
we used vip knockout mice to investigate vip 's speci... |
parkinson s disease ( pd ) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by tremor , rigidity , bradykinesia and is likely to increase due to the aging populations .
pd involves principally the death of dopamine ( da ) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta ( snc ) but other neurotransmi... | patients with parkinson s disease ( pd ) receiving l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l - dopa , the gold - standard treatment for this disease ) frequently develop abnormal involuntary movements , termed l - dopa - induced dyskinesias ( lid ) .
glutamate overactivity is well documented in pd and lid .
an approach to m... |
injuries to the hamstring musculature are commonplace in many mainstream sports and occupations involving physical activity [ 1 , 2 ] .
they have not declined in recent times and the high rate of recurrence suggests that the current understanding of such injuries remains incomplete .
hamstring muscle strains / tear... | background .
hamstring injuries continue to affect active individuals and although inadequate muscle extensibility remains a commonly accepted factor , little is known about the most effective method to improve flexibility . purpose . to determine if an isolated neurodynamic sciatic sliding technique would improve ... |
during 20072014 , we collected 27 fecal and 24 intestinal samples from pigs with suspected pedv or tgev infections ; the pigs came from swine farms in northern italy ( po valley ) , which contains the regions of piemonte , lombardia , emilia romagna , and veneto ( technical appendix figure 1 ) .
clinical signs includ... | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ( pedv ) has been detected sporadically in italy since the 1990s .
we report the phylogenetic relationship of swine enteric coronaviruses collected in italy during 20072014 and identify a drastic shift in pedv strain variability and a new swine enteric coronavirus generated by recombin... |
to achieve the first objective , we conducted a cross - sectional study in the alpujarras from april through june 2006 .
we then compared current leishmaniasis seroprevalence data with data from 2 cross - sectional surveys conducted in 1984 and 1991 ( 35 ) .
the villages sampled for all 3 studies were similar and h... | to examine prevalence changes and risk factors for canine leishmaniasis , we conducted a cross - sectional seroprevalence study and a survey during april
june 2006 .
seroprevalence had increased at the meso - mediterranean bioclimatic level over 22 years .
risk was highest for dogs that were older , large , lived... |
les infections bordetella pertussis continuent dtre un important problme de sant publique au canada .
les mthodes de raction en chane de la polymrase ( pcr ) pour dceler le b pertussis sont habituellement fondes sur la squence dinsertion multicopie is481 , do nt la sensibilit leve , mais do nt la spcificit despce es... | background : bordetella pertussis infections continue to be a major public health challenge in canada .
polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) assays to detect b pertussis are typically based on the multicopy insertion sequence is481 , which offers high sensitivity but lacks species specificity.methods:a novel b pertussis... |
cells respond to environmental
signals and stresses using a variety
of mechanisms that link the external stimuli to changes in cell phenotype
by myriad biochemical reactions that ultimately lead to changes in
gene expression and protein activity .
well - defined pathways of signal
transduction affect transc... | cells
respond to environmental stressors and xenobiotic exposures
using regulatory networks to control gene expression , and there is
an emerging appreciation for the role of numerous postsynthetic chemical
modifications of dna , rna , and proteins in controlling transcription
and translation of the stress re... |
improvement of science and technology considered as the essential requirement for social development all over the world . in each country , the knowledge production outputs reflect the interesting topics of researches .
knowledge creation process provide the fundamental integral part of knowledge life cycle for creat... | background : diabetes burden is a serious warning for urgent action plan across the world .
knowledge production in this context could provide evidences for more efficient interventions . aimed to that
, we quantify the trend of diabetes research outputs of middle east countries focusing on the scientific publicati... |
human papillomavirus ( hpv ) is the most common sexually transmitted virus , infecting 75% of the sexually active canadian population [ 1 , 2 ] .
it can cause cancer of the cervix , vulva , oropharynx , penis , and anus , as well as genital warts [ 35 ] . until recently
, there were no medical interventions against... | human papillomavirus ( hpv ) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection , which is linked to several cancers and genital warts . depending on the canadian province ,
the quadrivalent vaccine is given to girls in grades 4 through 10 with either a two- or three - dose schedule .
we use a mathematical... |
pulmonary gas exchange and respiratory mechanics are usually impaired during general anesthesia and muscle paralysis .
functional residual capacity ( frc ) decreases approximately 20 % during induction of anesthesia .
reduced frc can be restored somewhat through ventilation using positive end - expiratory pressure... | purposeseveral reports in the literature have described the effects of positive end - expiratory pressure ( peep ) level upon functional residual capacity ( frc ) in ventilated patients during general anesthesia .
this study compares frc in mechanically low tidal volume ventilation with different peep levels during u... |
within a cohort of insulin - treated type 2 diabetic patients , those with incident cancer during a longitudinal follow - up were identified as case subjects and compared for treatments received with matched control subjects from the same cohort . of a consecutive series of 1,533 diabetic outpatients , referred to the ... | objectiverecent epidemiological studies suggested that some insulin analogues could be associated with increased risk of cancer .
the present study is aimed at assessing the long - term association of different insulin analogues with cancer incidence.research design and methodsa nested case - control study dataset wa... |
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