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chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) patients experience a high mortality rate from cardiovascular ( cv ) diseases [ 1 , 2 ] . endothelial dysfunction characterized by a disruption in the delicate balance among vasodilation , oxidative stress , inflammation , thrombosis , and fibrinolysis maintained by the endothelium ha...	endothelial dysfunction increases cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) . this study investigates whether vdr activation affects endothelial function in ckd . the 5/6 nephrectomized ( nx ) rat...
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis ( egpa ) is one of the rarest but still potentially life threatening systemic necrotizing vasculitis predominantly affecting small vessels . named css for many years , this eponym has now been recognized as egpa by the 2012 revised international chapel hill consensus confe...	churg strauss syndrome is a rare disease manifested by hypereosinophilia , vasculitis and tissue infiltration . this report describes the case of a 45-year - old man who presented with a history of fever , difficulty in breathing , reddish lesions over the extremities and inability to walk since two weeks . the cu...
the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that constitutes one of the four members of the erbb family of tyrosine kinase receptors . the small - molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors ( tkis ) are in clinical use to treat non - small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . the two tki...	the epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein tyrosine kinase receptor . the small - molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors ( tkis ) are in clinical use to treat non - small cell lung cancer with egfr mutations . variable tumor responses to erlotinib and gefitinib have been obs...
periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that is characterized by the progressive destruction of the tooth - supporting tissues , such as the periodontal ligament ( pdl ) . pathogenic microorganisms embedded in a biofilm on the tooth surface can trigger local synthesis of proinflammatory mediato...	periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by destruction of the tooth - supporting tissues . obese individuals have an increased risk of periodontitis , and elevated circulating levels of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ( nampt ) may be a pathomechanistic link between both diseases . recently , ...
intubation and mechanical ventilation ( mv ) are frequently necessary to treat the critically ill infant or after long surgical interventions . however , prolonged mv predisposes to nosocomial infection , tracheal injury , or difficulties with sedation of intubated children and should be discontinued at the earliest po...	background : over the last years , we have used a flow - inflating bag circuit with a nasotracheal or nasopharyngeal tube as an interface to deliver effective cpap support in infants ( mapleson d cpap system ) . the primary goal of this study was to assess the usefulness of the mapleson d cpap system for weaning of...
fractures of the jaw bones render not only physical trauma but al so makes the person miss out on work productivity and other social obligations for a period ranging from four to eight weeks on an average . fractures of the jaw bones , like other bones of the body take a reasonably long time to heal . attempts have...	background : ayurveda the ancient science of medicine describes various herb preparations that achieve the hastening of bone healing . harjor showed clinical efficacy in the treatment of fractures.objectives:the comparative evaluation of herbal agents as osteogenic agents in mandibular fractures.study design : the pa...
she underwent nephrectomy , and the histology revealed a renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) of chromophobe type , eosinophilic variant . maximum tumor diameter was 12 cm , with extensive necrosis , grade iv according to fuhrman 's nuclear grading system . pn1 cm0 . neither the renal vein nor the adrenal gland was infiltr...	we report unexpectedly high efficacy of temsirolimus as third - line treatment in a patient with metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma . after failure of two sequentially administered tyrosine kinase inhibitors , treatment with temsirolimus resulted in a prolonged partial remission of 14 months , and the respon...
restless legs syndrome ( rls ) is a common movement disorder that affects up to 5 - 10% of the general population.[13 ] rls is an important cause of sleep disruption and disability in several clinical and neurological disorders and can be identified on the basis of clinical criteria . the four criteria for considerin...	background : restless legs syndrome ( rls ) is a common movement disorder . the occurrence of this syndrome is due to genetic factors and lifestyle . this study performed to determine restless legs syndrome ( rls ) prevalence in iranian multiple sclerosis ( ms ) patients and the possible risk factors.methods:this c...
malignancies are an emerging public health problem in africa , especially with the increasing exposure to environmental carcinogens and change in lifestyles . to implement appropriate cancer awareness programs in these settings , early diagnosis and detection need to be widely introduced . fundamental to this , howev...	aim : surgical pathology service is generally unavailable in most developing countries and comes with challenges . cytopathology is a reliable , inexpensive adjunct to surgical histopathology . we present a retrospective review of the various cytopathology cases received at the department.materials and methods : a ...
the experiment site is located at a t. matsutake production pine stand at ssanggok valley in the sogri mt . the site has two partly combined , partly circular colonies , each about 7 m diameter ( fig . 1 , fig because the annual outward growth of t. matsutake colony was 11 to 14 cm , the age of the colony was appro...	the purpose of this study is to understand spatio - temporal changes of active fungal biomass and water in tricholoma matsutake soil colonies during the mushroom fruiting season . the active fungal biomass was estimated by analyzing ergosterol content at four different points within four replicated locations in a sin...
the incidence of malignant neoplasms in poland in the past three decades has more than doubled , and , according to the prognosis put forward by didkowska , by 2025 the number of new cases in both men and women will continue to grow [ 1 , 2 ] . at the same time , advances in medicine tangibly contributed to improving o...	overall improvement in the nationwide system of medical services has consequently boosted the number of successfully treated patients who suffer from head and neck cancer . it is essential to effectively prevent development of radiation - induced caries as the late effect of radiation therapy . incidence and severi...
myxoma occurs commonly in the left atrium ( la ) , but it can be found in any cardiac chamber . this study reports a rare case of biatrial myxoma in a 28-year - old man who presented with left - sided heart failure symptoms . a 28-year - old male patient , a farmer , presented with exertional dyspnea and palpitation ...	this is a report of a biatrial cardiac myxoma in a young man with a 10-month history of exertional dyspnea and palpitation . the echocardiogram revealed biatrial myxoma prolapsing through the mitral and tricuspid valves during diastole . all cardiac chambers were enlarged and dysfunctional . the electrocardiogram...
recently , international consensus for the histological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma , especially of well - differentiated type of early stage ( early hcc ) , was published by the international consensus group for hepatocellular neoplasia ( icghn ) . this was an epoch - making event for the early diagnosis a...	stromal invasion ( invasive growth of tumor tissue into portal tracts and fibrous septa ) is now recognized as the most important finding in the diagnosis of the well - differentiated type of early hepatocellular carcinomas ( hccs ) . in differentiating stromal invasion from pseudoinvasion ( benign hepatic tissue in ...
patients with ulcerative colitis ( uc ) are at increased risk for colorectal cancer , a phenomenon with the largest fraction being attributed to chronic inflammation [ 1 , 2 ] . growing evidence supports a role for proinflammatory mediators present in the tumor microenvironment in the pathogenesis of colitis associat...	nuclear factor - kappab ( nf-b)/interleukin ( il-6 ) pathway links chronic inflammation to colitis associated cancer ( cac ) . in this study , we examined the dynamic temporal changes of the nf-b / il-6 pathway during the procession of experimental cac mouse model . mice were sacrificed after induction for 14 , 16 , ...
nanotechnology can be defined as the techniques aimed at characterizing and producing materials on the nanometer scale ( < 100 nm ) which exhibit specific physical / chemical properties and functions . the behavior of nanoparticles is a function of their size , shape and surface reactivity with the surrounding tissue...	nanotechnology involving manipulation of atoms and molecules at the nanoscale is one of the frontier areas of research in modern science . during the last few years , nanotechnology has witnessed breakthroughs in the fields of medicine , environment , therapeutics , drug development and biotechnology . this is due ...
a minority of the 8 million patients who present each year to us emergency departments ( eds ) with chest pain will be diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes ( acs).1 the purpose of the initial evaluation of these patients is to distinguish between those with and those without immediately lifethreatening conditions . ...	backgroundit is unclear whether diagnostic protocols based on cardiac markers to identify lowrisk chest pain patients suitable for early release from the emergency department can be applied to patients older than 65 years or with traditional cardiac risk factors.methods and resultsin a singlecenter retrospective study...
a 77-year - old female with acute renal failure was transferred to our emergency department from an outside clinic . the patient had diabetes mellitus and had been on oral hypoglycemic agents . three weeks before transfer to our hospital , tka of the left knee was performed under spinal anesthesia and 10 days before ...	compartment syndrome after total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is a rare complication . because of its rarity , it may be overlooked and misdiagnosed as peroneal nerve palsy or deep vein thrombosis . this misdiagnosis could have a profound impact on the patient 's outcome . we report a case of a 77-year - old female ...
approximately 70% will undergo operative management and of those , about 40% will experience relapse . presented is a case study of a patient with over 17 years long - term survival of multiply recurrent metastatic colon carcinoma . in these 17 years , the patient has undergone four operations for tumor recurrence ...	metastatic colorectal cancer represents a major health problem in the us and worldwide . forty percent of patients undergoing resection of the primary tumor will experience relapse . in this brief review , we describe a case of a woman with metastatic disease and long - term survival culminating with an unusual myo...
acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis ( apsgn ) develops after streptococcal infection with the obvious latent period of around 10 days . it is mostly accompanied by decrement in serum complement titer and glomerular deposition of c3 and igg . from these characteristic manifestations , it has been widely accep...	it is well known that glomerulonephritis can occur after streptococcal infection , which is classically referred to as acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis ( apsgn ) . the pathogenic mechanism of apsgn has been described by so - called immune complex theory , which involves glomerular deposition of nephritogeni...
uterine septum is the known type of congenital uterine malformation , approximately with 8090% of uterine malformations . it can be lead to infertility , miscarriage , abnormal fetal position , and premature birth . hysteroscopic metroplasty is a simple and safe approach for the removal of the uterine septum ( 1 - ...	background : septate uterus is the most common uterine anomaly and a cause for miscarriage and infertility . existing data suggested a better reproductive outcome of uterine septum following hysteroscopic septum resection.objective:current study was administered to share our experience in hystroscopic septum resection ...
multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that leads to a progressive axonal loss and degeneration of neurons . whereas a vast majority of ms patients present with a relapsing - remitting disease course ( rrms ) that may subsequently transforms into secondary pro...	background . optical coherence tomography ( oct ) has facilitated characterisation of retinal alterations in ms patients . only scarce and in part conflicting data exists on different ms subtypes . objective . to analyse patterns of retinal changes in different subtypes of ms with latest spectral - domain technology ...
gold and gold alloys , whose primary advantages are their resistance to corrosion and tarnishing and their biocompatibility , have long been used to fabricate dental prostheses . despite these advantages , base metal alloys such as nickel - chromium ( ni - cr ) and cobalt - chromium ( co - cr ) are commonly used inst...	metal ceramic partial fixed dental prostheses have been commonly used for the replacement of missing teeth for many years . because of an increase in the price of gold , base metal alloys have been the choice of alloy for the fabrication of metal ceramic restorations in many dental clinics . some major disadvantage...
renal transplant recipients have a higher risk for infection and malignancy due to immunosuppression than the general population . kaposi sarcoma is classified in 4 types : 1 = classic kaposi sarcoma , 2 = iatrogenic ( immunosuppressive kaposi sarcoma ) , 3 = aids - associated ( epidemic ) kaposi sarcoma and 4 = ende...	immunosuppressive treatment increases the risk of infection and malignancy in organ transplant recipients . we report on a 42-year - old male renal transplant recipient who lost his first graft after reduction of immunosuppressive treatment due to kaposi sarcoma and who successfully underwent a second renal transplan...
in the past decade , rapid progress has been made on the origin and evolution of new genes thanks to the genomics revolution . many cases of gene birth are now documented , and they have revealed that the mechanisms for new gene formation are surprisingly diverse . they include dna - based duplication , rna - based d...	comparative genome analysis has allowed the identification of various mechanisms involved in gene birth . however , understanding the evolutionary forces driving new gene origination still represents a major challenge . in particular , an intriguing and not yet fully understood trend has emerged from the study of new...
gastric cancer remains one of the most frequently occurring malignancies , and ranks as the second leading cause of mortality next to lung cancer 1 . although alterations in a large number of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been reported in gastric carcinomas 2 , the molecular mechanisms underlying the path...	accumulating evidence has shown that mirnas are aberrantly expressed in human gastric cancer and crucial to tumorigenesis . herein , we identified the role of mir-148a in gastric cell proliferation . mir-148a knockdown inhibited cell proliferation in gastric cancer cell lines . conversely , mir-148a overexpressio...
chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is one of the predominant neurological diseases in the elderly patients . csdh is defined as a cystic collection of old hematoma and blood breakdown products between the outer and inner membranes in the subdural space ; it usually develops 1 or 2 months after a minor head injury.2 )...	incidence of post - operative seizure after burr - hole trephination ( bht ) for chronic subdural hematoma ( csdh ) is known to be very low . the effect of the prophylactic antiepileptic drug in reducing the development of new seizure after surgery is still unclear . here , we present a case of fatal status epilept...
gait initiation ( gi ) is the transition from an upright stance to a steady - state gait . it is a movement that can be completed in the absence of plantar surface feedback1 and is presumably preprogrammed2 . in quiet stance , the inhibition of the soleus ( sol ) and the activation of the tibialis anterior ( ta )...	[ purpose ] this study investigated the effects of accuracy constraints ( targets ) placed on the stepping - limb heel - strike ( hs ) on the electromyogram ( emg ) and ground reaction forces ( grfs ) during gait initiation . [ subjects and methods ] twenty healthy subjects ( 29.2 2.9 years ) were asked to begi...
sepsis is a clinical syndrome related to severe infection and is characterized by systemic inflammation and injury to many organs and functional systems . it is usually treated with antibiotics , surgical drainage of infected fluid collections , and fluid replacement . appropriate support for organ dysfunction is p...	sepsis is a clinical syndrome related to severe infection and is characterized by systemic inflammation and injury to multiple organs and functional systems . sepsis is one of the main causes of acute renal failure ( arf ) . diuretics are frequently administered during arf . however , there is scant evidence that...
abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) affects a high percentage of the aged population in industrialized countries and mortality rates associated with rupture of aaa are high . the aetiology of aaa is essentially unknown , but it is generally accepted that environmental and genetic factors contribute substantially to the...	background . the cyclooxygenase- ( cox- ) 2/microsomal pge - synthase- ( mpges- ) 1/pge - receptor- ( ep- ) 4 axis could play a key role in the physiopathology of abdominal aortic aneurysm ( aaa ) in humans . in this study , we investigated the influence of cardiovascular risk factors on the expression of the pge2 path...
the forensic pathologist s task often consists of assisting the prosecuting and judicial authorities in determining whether the wounds sustained by the victim of the crime could have been inflicted with the instrument seized as material evidence . for this purpose , a careful inspection of bodily injuries and the pur...	this paper presents an experiment with a knife seized as material evidence in a homicide case . the reason for the experiment was the necessity to determine whether the injuries of the deceased could have been inflicted with this instrument since in the course of the investigation doubt arose as to the origin of line...
in fact , cin is one of the most useful molecular markers to differentiate melanomas from benign nevi [ 1 , 2 ] . found that 96.2% of melanomas demonstrated chromosomal aberrations while only 13.0% of benign nevi showed these same abnormalities , of which all were spitz nevi with stable 11p duplications . the fact ...	melanomas demonstrate chromosomal instability ( cin ) . in fact , cin can be used to differentiate melanoma from benign nevi . the exact molecular mechanisms that drive cin in melanoma have yet to be fully elucidated . cancer / testis antigens are a unique group of germ cell proteins that are found to be primaril...
mouse models of chronic infection by t. cruzi - five to seven - week - old female c3h / he ( h-2 ) and c57bl/6 ( h-2 ) mice obtained from the animal facilities [ laboratory animals breeding center , oswaldo cruz foundation ( fiocruz ) , rio de janeiro , brazil ] were maintained under specific pathogen - free co...	heart tissue inflammation , progressive fibrosis and electrocardiographic alterations occur in approximately 30% of patients infected by trypanosoma cruzi , 10 - 30 years after infection . further , plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor ( tnf ) and nitric oxide ( no ) are associated with the degree of heart ...
the incidence of secondary neoplasms of the testis during autopsies is approximately 2.5% , including nonneoplastic deaths . most secondary testicular metastases originate from distant primary sites , of which the lung , prostate , and gastrointestinal tract are common . testicular metastases occur in up to 4% of a...	the incidence of secondary neoplasms of the testis during autopsies is approximately 2.5% . although most secondary testicular metastases are due to prostate cancer , only a few patients with prostate cancer have clinically manifested testicular metastasis . we report the case of a prostate cancer patient with test...
the value of appropriate animal models to advance our understanding and treatment of human retinal disease processes that cause severe visual impairment or blindness can not be overemphasized . animal models have led to the identification of disease genes , and elucidation of the molecular genetic and cellular mechan...	large mammals , including canids and felids , are affected by spontaneously occurring hereditary retinal diseases with similarities to those of humans . the large mammal models may be used for thorough clinical characterization of disease processes , understanding the effects of specific mutations , elucidation of di...
wear following total hip replacement ( thr ) is well documented and often leads to revision surgery , which can be complex and demanding . revision rates are reported to be 26% at 10 years , depending on the prosthesis used . symptoms typically manifest following significant acetabular wear , at which point revisio...	extreme wear through the metal - backed acetabular cup following total hip arthroplasty is rare , as symptoms such as pain and disability will usually manifest earlier . we present the second reported case of extreme wear in a 78-year - old male patient , who presented 20 years following an uncemented total hip repla...
obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is characterized by collapse of the upper airway during sleep , recurring apnea , intermittent hypoxemia , and daytime sleepiness , associated with a decreased daytime performance and impaired quality of life . it is a common disorder of middle - aged adults , affecting 4% of...	backgroundobstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) is characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep . red blood cell distribution width ( rdw ) increases platelet activation and has been reported as an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in the general population and is believed to be a...
set up a half - wave plate and a polarizer following the laser output to adjust the laser pulse energy . set up a beam splitter after the polarizer to split the laser pulse to two pulses : pump pulse and probe pulse . use four reflecting mirrors and a manual translational stage to construct an optical delay device fo...	early plasma is generated owing to high intensity laser irradiation of target and the subsequent target material ionization . its dynamics plays a significant role in laser - material interaction , especially in the air environment1-11.early plasma evolution has been captured through pump - probe shadowgraphy1 - 3 an...
three - dimensional visualization reconstruction refers to 3-d visualization model reconstructed by software using 2-d computed tomography ( ct ) images . the iqqa - liver system developed by edda company is currently the most popular software for 3-d visualization , and xmqb - liver software with independent intelle...	abstractbackground : three - dimensional visualization reconstruction , the 3-d visualization model reconstructed by software using 2-d ct images , has been widely applied in medicine ; but it has rarely been applied in pancreaticoduodenectomy . although the hepatic artery is very important for the liver , it has to be...
a new and large v. parahaemolyticus outbreak was detected in peru during the austral summer of 2009 . during february march 2009 , a total of 30 isolates were obtained from clinical samples of patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis . initially illnesses were reported only in the northern cities of peru ( cajama...	in 2009 , an outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus occurred in piura , cajamarca , lambayeque , and lima , peru . whole - genome sequencing of clinical and environmental samples from the outbreak revealed a new v. parahaemolyticus clone . all the isolates identified belonged to a single clonal complex described exclu...
deficient formation of the embryonic atrioventricular canal by the endocardial cushions produces a spectrum of congenital cardiac malformations . the ostium primum defect combines an atrial septal defect , contiguous with the atrioventricular valve annulus , with a cleft of the mitral valve 's anterior leaflet . a ...	ostium primum defect is a congenital malformation involving atrial septum contiguous with atrioventricular valve annulus ; it is accompanied by abnormalities in the development of the endocardial cushions , often resulting in associated atrioventricular valves malformations . few cases have been reported in adulthood...
burkholderia pseudomallei is a pathogenic bacterium causing melioidosis disease , which is endemic predominantly in south eastern thailand and northern australia . it has also been recognized as a b - type biological warfare agent possessing an ability for bioterrorism . its sibling species b. mallei is the parasit...	burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiologic agent of melioidosis . using 2de and maldi - tof ms , we report here a proteome reference map constructed from early stationary phase , a bacterial adaptation process . we identified 282 protein spots representing 220 orfs ; many of them have been implicated in bacterial p...
for generations , the estrogen like or anti - androgen like environmental factors have been assumed to play an important role in the degeneration of men 's semen quality . also correctable congenital factors such as cryptochidism , varicocele and uncorrectable acquired factors such as testicular and scrotal injury ...	purposethe purpose of this paper is to test the validity of hypothesis that the index finger and ring finger ratio ( 2d:4d ) is related with men 's semen quality.materials and methodswe set two groups of healthy young male student ( mean age 23.9 ) who have different 2d:4d ratio from different departments of chosun uni...
vaginal atrophy is a common condition , with related symptoms affecting up to about half ( 45% ) of postmenopausal women1,2 and almost two - thirds ( 61.5% ) of postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.3 it is characterized by vaginal dryness , dyspareunia , vaginal itching , discharge , and pain.4 urinary symptoms , inc...	the purpose of this review is to summarize current information regarding the pathophysiology and management of vaginal atrophy ( sometimes called atrophic vaginitis ) and to identify barriers to its treatment with local ( or topical ) vaginal estrogen therapy . relevant clinical trials , meta - analyses , and rev...
in the past three decades , cochlear implantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to represent the standard of care for deaf patients . advances in processing strategies , implant design , and patient selection criteria have significantly improved implant users ' performance . nowadays , the current fron...	in the past , it was thought that hearing loss patients with residual low - frequency hearing would not be good candidates for cochlear implantation since insertion was expected to induce inner ear trauma . recent advances in electrode design and surgical techniques have made the preservation of residual low - freque...
progress in new surgical techniques and medical management for congenital heart diseases ( chd ) has dramatically improved patient survival over the past decades . however , with many patients with chd surviving until adulthood , right ventricular ( rv ) failure has become a concern1 ) . several types of chd are asso...	despite developments in surgical techniques and other interventions , right ventricular ( rv ) failure remains an important clinical problem in several congenital heart diseases ( chd ) . rv function is one of the most important predictors of mortality and morbidity in patients with chd . rv failure is a progressiv...
bioconjugation of magnetic nanoparticles is basically done to make it compatible for numerous biomedical applications such as mri contrast enhancement , drug delivery , detoxification of biological fluids , immunoassay , tissue repair , hyperthermia etc . [ 1 - 6 ] . besides these , bioconjugate systems are also bein...	a novel bioconjugate of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle ( -fe2o3 ) with bovine serum albumin ( bsa ) was developed by taking recourse to the fatty acid binding property of the protein . from ft - ir study , it was found that conjugation took place covalently between the amine group of protein molecule and ...
vaginal practices ( vps ) include douching with water , detergent , or other substances , using fingers or cloth , and insertion of natural , household , or commercially available products to cleanse , dry , or vps are commonly performed by women worldwide [ 14 ] and are undertaken for a range of purposes : for h...	background . vaginal practices ( vps ) may increase hiv risk by injuring vaginal epithelium or by increasing risk of bacterial vaginosis , an established risk factor for hiv . methods . hiv - negative zimbabwean women ( n = 2,185 ) participating in a prospective study on hormonal contraception and hiv risk complete...
parkinson disease ( pd ) is one of the most frequently seen neurodegenerative disorders affecting more than six million people worldwide . although pd is primarily a movement disorder and its effects are prominent on neuromuscular system , cardiovascular disorders have also been widely investigated considering the ri...	backgroundlevodopa is the indispensable choice of medial therapy in patients with parkinson disease ( pd ) . since l - dopa treatment was shown to increase serum homocysteine levels , a well - known risk factor for cardiovascular disorders , the patients with pd under l - dopa treatment will be at increased risk for ...
musculoskeletal maladaptation in infants is defined as the failure of the motor system to respond , or to respond aberrantly to appropriate sensory stimuli due to biomechanical fault ( 1,2 ) . normal response patterns are generated when the musculoskeletal system responds appropriately to the central nervous system ,...	excessive crying ( or infant colic ) is a common pain syndrome of infancy without any specific known aetiology or effective management . many cases result in long - term poor sleep , behavioral problems and parental stress . the biomechanical aspects of this condition lack adequate investigation despite its strong ...
comparar os ndices de mortalidade por doenas respiratrias em idosos residentes no distrito federal ( df ) antes e aps a implantao da campanha nacional de vacinao contra influenza . os dados referentes populao do df acima de 60 anos entre 1996 e 2009 foram obtidos de bancos de dados oficiais . as variveis estudadas f...	objective : to compare mortality rates due to respiratory diseases among elderly individuals residing in the federal district of braslia , brazil , prior to and after the implementation of a national influenza vaccination campaign . methods : this was an ecological time series analysis . data regarding the populati...
hemophilia is an x - linked recessive hemorrhagic disease due to mutations in the f8 gene or f9 gene . it affects one in 10,000 males , with hemophilia a representing 80% of all cases . in patients with hemophilia , intracranial hemorrhage ( ich ) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality with the overall inci...	patients with hemophilia are prone to develop spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage . it carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality . in this case series , we report two cases of hemophilia who suffered spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage with features of raised intracranial pressure and were successfully m...
galli - galli disease ) is a rare genodermatosis which belongs to the spectrum of reticulate pigmentary disorders and is inherited in an autosomal - dominant manner . it classically presents with reticulate pigmentation , usually hyperpigmented macules in combination with hyperkeratotic papules mainly of the flexures...	galli galli disease ( ggd ) is the name given to a rare form of acantholytic dowling - degos disease . ( ddd ) , the latter itself being a rare condition . we believe we are describing for the first time in indian dermatologic literature a case of ggd in a family where 25 persons have ddd and have been able to docu...
colloidal nps with excellent physical and chemical properties have been employed in applications ranging from solar cells to light - emitting diodes and photocatalysts . as biosensors , colloidal nanoparticles , including quantum dots , gold nanoparticles , upconversion nanoparticles , and alloyed plasmonic nan...	inorganic colloidal nanoparticles ( nps ) stabilized by a layer of hydrophobic surfactant on their surfaces have poor solubility in the aqueous phase , thus limiting their application as biosensors under physiological conditions . here we report a simple model to ionize various types of hydrophobic colloida...
bovine colostrum is an opaque white liquid which is a natural source of nutrition . five main components in bovine colostrum are water , fats , proteins ( e.g. , caseins , albumins , and globulins ) , sugars ( essentially lactose ) , and mineral salts . since bovine colostrum spoils easily , it is sometimes processed i...	alphalactalbumin ( -la ) and betalactoglobulin ( -lg ) in the rehydration of bovine colostrum powder were successfully separated by cloud point extraction using a nonionic surfactant triton x-114 . the effects of different factors , including the surfactant concentration , sample volume , electrolyte , and ph were di...
the incidence of acetabular fracture is gradually rising due to the increased incidence of high - energy injuries . therefore , as an intra - articular fracture with deep anatomical position and complex types , acetabular fracture should be treated with accurate anatomic reduction , firm fixation , and early rehabili...	backgroundthe aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta assisting open reduction and internal fixation ( orif ) in the treatment of complex acetabular fracture.material/methodsfrom august 2000 to october 2011 , a total of 48 patients with complex acetabular frac...
alterations in salivary function may lead to impairment of oral tissues , and risk of patients developing dental caries , oral discomfort , and candidiasis is increased . decreased salivary flow rates can have a large impact on patient 's quality of life . menopause is the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and...	objective : the aim of this study was to assess the oral dryness in postmenopausal women and to correlate the salivary flow rate determined by sialometry with the clinical oral dryness score ( cods ) obtained from challacombe scale . to correlate between subjective and objective oral dryness and relationship of salivar...
polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ) are a class of environmental pollutants that have from one to 10 chlorines substituted on the phenyl rings . pcbs have been widely used from the 1930s to the 1960s in diverse industrial applications , including cooling and insulating fluids for industrial transformers and capacitors...	polychlorinated biphenyls ( pcbs ) can be oxygenated to form very reactive hydroquinone and quinone products . a guiding hypothesis in the pcb research community is that some of the detrimental health effects of some pcbs are a consequence of these oxygenated forms undergoing one - electron oxidation or reduction , g...
it is recognized that teeth with furcation involvement may undergo a more extensive and rapid clinical probing attachment loss and are lost with greater frequency than single - rooted teeth . although regeneration of periodontal tissue is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy , regeneration is not a predic...	objective this study was designed to evaluate the potential adjunctive benefits of platelet - rich plasma ( prp ) when used with guided - tissue regeneration ( gtr ) and bioactive glass ( bg ) in the treatment of class ii furcation lesions . material and methods bilateral class ii furcation lesions were surgicall...
glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors in the central nervous system and the most malignant tumor among gliomas . a subanalysis in an international randomized trial by the european organization for research and treatment of cancer / national cancer institute of canada ( eortc / n...	glioblastoma multiforme ( gbm ) is one of the most frequently occurring tumors in the central nervous system and the most malignant tumor among gliomas . despite aggressive treatment including surgery , adjuvant tmz - based chemotherapy , and radiotherapy , gbm still has a dismal prognosis : the median survival is 14...
studies of local recurrences in patients without adjuvant whole breast irradiation ( wbi ) demonstrated that the majority of in - breast tumor recurrences are within the tumor bed [ 14 ] . these results support that apbi ( accelerated partial breast irradiation ) could be a possible option to deliver adjuvant radiati...	purposeto evaluate the variations of multi - lumen balloon ( mlb)-based brachytherapy from simulation day to treatment day and their dosimetric impacts during accelerated partial breast irradiation ( apbi).material and methodsa total of 42 ct images scanned from seven patients were evaluated with regards to daily varia...
on january 15 , 2012 , a 13-month - old girl enrolled in a childcare center in rockville , maryland , experienced 3 episodes of vomiting within 1 hour , after which she had diarrhea or loose stools for 1 week . within 24 hours after this child s onset of symptoms , 2 family members reported multiple episodes of vomitin...	we investigated sequential episodes of acute norovirus gastroenteritis in a young child within an 11-month period . the infections were caused by 2 distinct genotypes ( gii.4 and gii.6 ) . failure to achieve cross - protective immunity was linked to absence of an enduring and cross - reactive mucosal immune respons...
progressive developments in magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) technologies allow us to better assess csf circulation . therefore , mri aids in the diagnosis of diseases that result from alterations of the csf circulation . hydrocephalus , which constitutes a major csf - related disorder , is well demonstrated using ...	mri is not only beneficial in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid ( csf)-related diseases , but also aids in planning the management and post - surgery follow - up of the patients . with recent advances in mri systems , there are many newly developed sequences and techniques that rapidly enable evaluation of csf - r...
endoscopic ultrasonography ( eus)-guided fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) have a better accuracy for the detection of pancreatic tumors compared with others images modalities . we assessed if the image criteria of elastography and contrast harmonic echo - endoscopic ultrasound could help in choosing the appropriate f...	introduction : endoscopic ultrasonography ( eus)-guided fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) have a better accuracy for the detection of pancreatic tumors compared with others images modalities . we assessed if the image criteria of elastography and contrast harmonic echo - endoscopic ultrasound could help in choosing th...
bleaching treatment is in high demand by patients , and it is considered as part of most esthetic dental treatments . despite the tooth whitening esthetic benefits , some side - effects have been reported , including : tooth sensitivity and structural changes such as microhardness ( mh ) reduction and increased roughne...	objective : this study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect of formulations containing biosilicate to treat enamel and dentin bovine samples exposed to dental bleaching agents.materials and methods : on enamel and dentin bleached with commercial gels containing 16% carbamide peroxide ( cp ) ( 14 days/4 h ) or 35% hydr...
exposure of ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation to the skin causes acute and chronic detrimental cutaneous effects , which may result in photocarcinogenesis [ 17 ] . native human melanin includes eumelanin and pheomelanin that contains sulfur , and eumelanin has been found in almost every type of human skin [ 8 , 9 ] . ...	although photoprotective properties of skin melanin have been well documented , a few studies on the effect of melanin on reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generated by ultraviolet ( uv ) irradiation have been reported . to study the interaction of melanin with ros , scavenging or quenching effect of melanin on o2 and ...
hepatic encephalopathy ( he ) , as defined by the european association for the study of the liver ( easl ) clinical practice guidelines,1 is a brain dysfunction caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunting ; it manifests as a wide spectrum of neurological or psychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclin...	purposehepatic encephalopathy ( he ) is a recurrent severe complication of progressive hepatic cirrhosis . the aim of this study is to evaluate the average annual direct healthcare costs for the treatment of patients with overt he in italy.patients and methodsthis retrospective , observational study analyzed informatio...
	this study was undertaken to examine how the softness of poly(ethylene ) glycol ( peg)-based hydrogels , creating a three - dimensional ( 3d ) microenvironment , influences the in vitro growth of mouse ovarian follicles . early secondary , preantral follicles of 2 week - old mice were cultured in a crosslinked four -...
open surgery can be performed through a median sternotomy , a left thoracotomy or a supraclavicular approach , depending on the location of the aneurysms . a less invasive endovascular treatment using stent - grafts has been recently reported , which requires acceptable proximal and distal landing zones . and accordi...	we report a hybrid surgery including endovascular aneurysm repair and debranching procedures to treat a patient with a complex right subclavian artery aneurysm . the patient was a 70-year - old woman who presented with dry cough and hoarseness . the aneurysm was characterized by the absence of a proximal neck , and i...
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( abpm ) is the method of obtaining automated brachial blood pressure ( bp ) measurements at fixed time intervals , during a 24-hour period away from a medical environment . this represents a more realistic approach to bp assessment since it involves bp measurement during the us...	abpm constitutes a valuable tool in the diagnosis of rh . the identification of white coat rh and masked hypertension ( which may fulfill or not the definition of rh ) is of great importance in the clinical management of such patients . moreover , the various abpm components such as average bp values , circadian bp...
cellular cytoplasm is the context for all intracellular activities that are not sequestered within membrane - bounded organelles , and thus its physical chemical properties influence key cellular functions , including protein folding , enzyme catalysis , intracellular signaling , intracellular transport , and localizat...	from the point of view of intermolecular interactions , the cytoplasmic space is more like a crowded party in a house full of furniture than a game of tag in an empty field . understanding the physical chemical properties of cytoplasm is thus of key importance for understanding cellular function . this article atte...
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) , also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome , is a distinct clinic - radiological entity that was initially described by hinchey et al . in 1996 . it describes a neurological syndrome with presenting symptoms ranging from headache , altered...	a 45-year - old female developed neurological symptoms and elevated diastolic blood pressure while on bevacizumab ( avastin ) and gemcitabine for recurrent carboplatin - resistant high - grade serous ovarian cancer . a brain mri diagnosed our patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome . we are discus...
it has been generally believed that the activity of retinal ganglion cells ( rgcs ) contributes little to shaping the corneal electroretinogram ( erg ) elicited by ganzfeld stimuli ( full - field erg ) . however , a response has been newly identified to originate from rgcs that receive signals from cones . this res...	purpose . to compare the photopic negative response ( phnr ) of the full - field electroretinogram ( erg ) to the phnr of the focal ergs in detecting glaucoma . methods . one hundred and three eyes with glaucoma and 42 normal eyes were studied . full - field ergs were elicited by red stimuli on a blue background ...
the clinical manifestations of malaria differ with the geographic distribution , plasmodium species , epidemiology , age and immunity . in areas where malaria is hyper endemic , youngers and adults may develop a partial immunity after repeated contact with the parasite , and they are at relatively low risk of severe ...	severe malaria is a life - threatening condition caused by plasmodium falciparum . rupture of red blood cells when merozoites release to the bloodstream is responsible for the clinical manifestations , febrile fever reaching 39 c , and other unspecific symptoms . p. falciparum is considered as the worst form of ma...
an ophthalmologist may see many cases of vascular occlusions and majority of the cases are due to the thromboembolic phenomena . apart from hypertension , diabetes , advancing age , and hyper - lipidemia or genetic predisposition , the next most common predisposing factor , amongst the systemic factors , is the use o...	retinal vascular occlusion is the most common cause of retinopathy leading to severe visual loss in all age groups . central retinal vein occlusion ( crvo ) is usually seen in older age group and is often associated with systemic vascular diseases . although the exact cause and effect relationship has not been proven...
in general , speakers phonate in order to convey information ( linguistic or paralinguistic ; intentionally or unintentionally ) to a listener . the stages of transmitting information in this way can be described by the well - known speech chain we presently know a good deal about the individual steps along the ch...	at present , two important questions about voice remain unanswered : when voice quality changes , what physiological alteration caused this change , and if a change to the voice production system occurs , what change in perceived quality can be expected ? we argue that these questions can only be answered by an integ...
the introduction of imatinib mesylate a small - molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( tki ) active against c - kit , bcrabl , and platelet - derived growth factor receptor alpha ( pdgfra)has led to dramatically improved clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) patients [ 1 - 5 ] . although clinica...	purposethis study evaluated the incidence of imatinib - associated skin rash , the interventional outcomes of severe rash , and impact of severe rash on the outcomes of imatinib treatment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor ( gist ) patients.materials and methodsa total of 620 patients were administered adjuvant or palli...
stroke medicine has developed dramatically in recent years with the emergence of new and effective treatment methods and increasing attention paid to implementation of clinical guidelines for treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients.1,2 this development has led to the establishment of several stroke - specific r...	backgroundthe validity of the registration of patients in stroke - specific registries has seldom been investigated , nor compared with administrative hospital discharge registries . the objective of this study was to examine the validity of the registration of patients in a stroke - specific registry ( the danish st...
untargeted metabolomics aims to describe living systems by the set of metabolites present in a cell at certain moment of time and under specific environmental constraints ( fiehn 2002 ; dettmer et al . 2007 ; oldiges et al . 2007 ) . since metabolites are the final link between the gene expression and the phenotype e...	liquid chromatography mass spectrometry ( lc - ms ) is a powerful and widely applied method for the study of biological systems , biomarker discovery and pharmacological interventions . lc - ms measurements are , however , significantly complicated by several technical challenges , including : ( 1 ) ionisation suppre...
henoch - schnlein purpura ( hsp ) is the most common systemic vasculitis in children and involves inflammation of the small vessels of the skin , joints , gut , and kidney . renal involvement , known as henoch - schnlein purpura nephritis ( hspn ) , which most commonly presents with hematuria and/or proteinuria , is ...	backgroundacid - sensing ion channels ( asics ) are ligand - gated cation channels activated by extracellular protons . however , the role of asics in kidney diseases remains uncertain . this study investigated asics expression in kidney tissues and their role in the development of henoch - schnlein purpura nephritis...
tennis is considered to be one of the most popular sports in the world today . increasing popularity and professionalism inspire sport scientists to carry out more research related to the factors affecting performance in tennis . these factors include stroke production , physical fitness , on - court movement and men...	abstractthe purpose of this study was to compare the serve speed and motor coordination of elite and club level junior tennis players aged 11 - 14 years . participants ( n=35 ) were assigned to one of the two groups according to their experience , weekly training volume and competition level . serve speed was asses...
there is a growing interest in the role of tryptophan catabolites ( trycats ) , such as kynurenic acid ( kyna ) and quinolinic acid ( quin ) , in the etiology , course , and treatment of a wide array of central nervous system ( cns ) disorders , including alzheimer disease and parkinson disease , and psychiatric disord...	recent work indicates an intimate interaction of the tryptophan catabolite ( trycat ) pathways with the melatonergic pathways , primarily via trycat pathway induction taking tryptophan away from the production of serotonin , which is a necessary precursor for the melatonergic pathways . the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor...
the past few years have seen a call for interdisciplinary research on the brain , including decade of the mind ( dom ) , an international initiative for basic neuroscience research on the mind including mental health , high - level cognitive function , education , and intelligent machines ( albus et al . , 2007 ) . des...	the decade of the mind is a proposal for a research initiative focused on four areas of neuroscience , including mental health , high - level cognitive function , education , and computational applications . organizing efforts to date have primarily included cognitive scientists , computer scientists , and engineers ...
macromolecular structures are at the basis of much research in fields as diverse as drug design , bio - fuel engineering , molecular biology or force field design . the number of new protein structures deposited in the pdb has remained stable for several years at around 20 per day . the statistics on web servers li...	the what if molecular - modelling and drug design program is widely distributed in the world of protein structure bioinformatics . although originally designed as an interactive application , its highly modular design and inbuilt control language have recently enabled its deployment as a collection of programmaticall...
hydrometrocolpos ( hmc ) is a rare diagnosis and is even more rarely associated with polydactyly in neonates . it is a common presentation of bardet biedl syndrome , mckusick kaufman syndrome ( mks ) , ellis van creveld ( evc ) syndrome , and pallister hall syndrome . neonatal hmc is caused by blockage of the v...	neonatal hydrometrocolpos ( hmc ) is a rare mullerian duct anomaly with an incidence of 0.006% . it occurs due to blockage of the vagina with accumulation of mucus secretions proximal to the obstacle . these secretions are secondary to intrauterine and postnatal stimulation of uterine and cervical glands by materna...
recently , laparoscopic distal gastrectomy ( ldg ) became an acceptable treatment option for early - stage gastric cancer in korea and japan . its short - term outcomes including improved cosmetic appearance , reduced postoperative pain , shorter hospital stay , and improved quality of life have been reported in vari...	single - incision laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer has recently been reported by seoul national university bundang hospital . however , this is not a popular procedure primarily because of the technical difficulties involved in achieving consistent intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy . at seoul nation...
feet provide the foundation for static support for body and dynamic support during walking or running . the deformity includes four components : metatarsus adductus , cavus , hindfoot varus and equinus . the cause of clubfoot has long been debated by the medical community . according to the journal of children s or...	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the early results of the ponseti method in reducing extensive corrective surgery rates for congenital idiopathic clubfoot in patients treated in children s orthopaedic clinic and rehabilitation department medical university of lublin between the years 20072011 . thirty - five...
recent estimates indicate that more than one billion people , living in tropical and subtropical regions of developing countries , are at the risk of contracting diseases ( which are mostly endemic at these places ) caused by the protozoans leishmania major , trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma cruzi [ 13 ] . these ...	leishmania major , trypanosoma brucei , and trypanosoma cruzi ( tritryps ) are unicellular protozoa that cause leishmaniasis , sleeping sickness and chagas ' disease , respectively . most drugs against them were discovered through the screening of large numbers of compounds against whole parasites . nonhomologous i...
monoclonal antibodies ( mabs ) undoubtedly belong to the most prominent therapeutics of the last two decades . since 1986 , more than 40 mabs have been approved by the food and drug administration ( fda ) for the use in various diseases , including cancer , immune disorders , and infectious diseases , and many more a...	summarythe crystallizable fragment ( fc ) of the immunoglobulin class g ( igg ) is a very attractive scaffold for the design of novel therapeutics due to its quality of uniting all essential antibody functions . this article reviews the functionalization of this homodimeric glycoprotein by diversification of structur...
world health organization ( who ) describes obesity as one of the main public - health problem that threatens to overwhelm the entire world ( 1 ) . obesity is a medical disorder that also leads to a large number of comorbidities including hypertension , type 2diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( 2 ) . this associa...	background : to estimate and compare prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult people across the 22 districts of tehran in 2011 . methods : this was a cross - sectional study using data on 47,406 women and 47,525 men aged 15 years from a large population - based survey ( urban heart-2 ) . age - standard...
central venous catheterization is a simple , relatively inexpensive method of assessing a patient 's circulating blood volume , cardiac status , and vasomotor tone and is an essential component of modern - day critical care . although it is relatively safe , numerous complications are described both during placement ...	erroneous positioning of central venous catheters in small tributaries of large central veins is a rare occurrence . we describe two such unusual incidents involving cannulation of the small tributaries of left brachiocephalic vein . malposition was suspected when the central venous waveform could not be obtained d...
liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by jaundice , ascites , hepatic encephalopathy , and a bleeding tendency due to impairment of liver function ; the syndrome can be caused by conditions such as viral hepatitis , autoimmune hepatitis , drug - induced liver injuries , metabolic diseases , and circulatory...	acute liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by hepatic encephalopathy and a bleeding tendency due to severe impairment of liver function caused by massive or submassive liver necrosis . viral hepatitis is the most important and frequent cause of acute liver failure in japan . the diagnostic criteria fo...
bullous pemphigoid ( bp ) is an immunobullous disorder due to autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomes of the basal keratinocytes . at present date , 31 reports of localized bp induced by radiotherapy and two of localized bp over areas of lymphedema have been described in the international literature . we herein d...	bullous pemphigoid ( bp ) is a blistering disorder due to autoantibodies to the epidermal basement membrane zone . the triggering factor could be localized damage to the skin by physical or chemical agents . we report a case of a 68-year - old woman with a three year history of oral lesions of bp following radiothe...
the number of deaths annually attributable to tobacco is expected to increase from 3 million in 1993 to 8.4 million in 2020 . medical cost related to tobacco use has shown to range from 4% in developing countries to 15% in developed countries . this fact is concerning as in certain regions of world cigarette smokin...	objective : to compare the use and reliability of self - reported tobacco use ( both smoked and smokeless ) among patients with bipolar disorder and somatoform disorders.materials and methods : the study was conducted at psychiatry out - patient department of a tertiary care hospital . a total of 50 consecutive patient...
glucagon - like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) is an endogenous incretin and plays a significant role in glucose homeostasis . glp-1 is a 30 amino acid containing peptide secreted from intestinal l - cells in response to food intake . it is produced by post - translational processing of preproglucagon , a precursor of...	glucagon - like peptide-1 ( glp-1 ) is an incretin that plays important physiological roles in glucose homeostasis . produced from intestine upon food intake , it stimulates insulin secretion and keeps pancreatic -cells healthy and proliferating . because of these beneficial effects , it has attracted a gre...
a large autopsy series has reported that 8.1% of patients with malignancy had pericardial involvement and 2.7% experienced pericardial effusion ( 1 ) . malignant pericardial effusion can lead to various adverse events including , chest discomfort , dyspnea , tachycardia , hypotension and cardiogenic shock , although ...	purposewe evaluated clinical outcomes after drainage for malignant pericardial effusion with imminent or overt tamponade.materials and methodsbetween august 2001 and june 2007 , 100 patients underwent pericardiocentesis for malignant pericardial effusion . adequate follow - up information on the recurrence of pericar...
plaque is known to be the initiating factor in the development of gingivitis when in contact with the gingival tissues and , therefore , plaque control represents the cornerstone of good oral hygiene practice . the tools most commonly used in mechanical supragingival plaque control are the toothbrush ( manual or elec...	background : the key to good oral health is hidden in nature . natural herbs like neem , tulsi , pudina , clove oil , ajwain , triphala and many more has been used since ages either as a whole single herb or as a combination against various oral health problems like bleeding gums , halitosis , mouth ulcers and preven...
odontoma belongs to a group of dentigerous tumors developing in jaw bones in stages of odontogenesis . however , most authorities accept the view today that the odontoma represents a hamartomatous malformation rather than a neoplasm . according to definition of who , it is a congenital developmental defect , resultin...	odontomas are a heterogeneous group of jaw bone lesions , classified as odontogenic tumors which usually include well - diversified dental tissues . odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors and generally they are asymptomatic . two types of odontomas are described : compound and complex based on eithe...
preeclampsia is the leading cause of pregnancy - associated maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide . several mechanisms have been proposed in preeclampsia , including ( 1 ) genetics and epigenetic imprinting ; ( 2 ) increased uteroplacental ischemia / hypoxia ; ( 3 ) angiogenic imbalances characteri...	objectives . the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is characterized by abnormal placentation , an exaggerated inflammatory response , and generalized dysfunction of the maternal endothelium . we investigated the effects of preeclampsia serum on the expression of inflammation - related genes by adipose tissue . mate...
pituitary adenomas are one of the most common intracranial neoplasms . questions regarding their prevalence in the general population were recently addressed by a large cross - sectional study in the province of lige , belgium , which revealed 94 cases of pituitary adenomas per 100,000 inhabitants ( 1 ) . similar fin...	pituitary adenomas represent a group of functionally diverse neoplasms with relatively high prevalence in the general population . most occur sporadically , but inherited genetic predisposing factors are increasingly recognized . familial isolated pituitary adenoma is a recently defined clinical entity , and is cha...
the mammalian cell cycle is controlled by cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) and their related pathways ( fig . 1 ) [ 1 , 2 ] . the cdks , particularly cdk1 , cdk2 , and cdk4/6 , are activated via binding to their selected cyclins , including cyclins a , b , d , and e , in specific phases of the cell cycle , follow...	the mammalian cell cycle is precisely controlled by cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) and related pathways such as the rb and p53 pathways . recent research on long non - coding rnas ( lncrnas ) indicates that many lncrnas are involved in the regulation of critical cell cycle regulators such as the cyclins , cdks ,...

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