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for many years , laser assisted in situ keratomileusis surgery ( lasik ) has been widely accepted as a procedure to correct visual errors . since the first femtosecond laser was introduced in 2002 , all - laser lasik using a femtosecond laser has been gaining popularity . the clinical safety and benefits of femtose...	purposeto compare the incidence of diffuse lamellar keratitis ( dlk ) after laser in situ keratomileusis ( lasik ) with flap creation using the femto ldv and intralase fs60 femtosecond lasers.0methodsa total of 818 consecutive myopic eyes had lasik performed using either femto ldv or intralase fs60 for flap creation . ...
the changes in oncologic therapies are achieving longer survivals of patients with many tumour types . this increase in survival together with the better sensitivity of imaging techniques can be associated with an increase in the incidence of metastasis on the longterm , what can render diagnostic and therapeutic cha...	we have reviewed the electronic biopsies database files of the department of surgical pathology , fundacin jimnez daz in madrid ( spain ) . in this time period ( 19982010 ) we have found 3 pancreatic metastasis and 5 splenic metastasis . two of the pancreatic metastases were originated in clear cell renal cell carc...
survey 1 sampled 1 natural village from each of 5 different towns in hengxian county . ( towns in china have several administrative villages , the basic level of administration , which often comprise > 1 natural villages ) each sampled natural village had 500600 residents , all of whom were eligible for survey partic...	during 19892011 , three parasitic disease surveys were conducted in hengxian county , china , where soil - transmitted helminthiases and foodborne clonorchiasis are endemic . we compared the data and found that the prevalence of helminthiases decreased and the prevalence and intensity of clonorchiasis increased over ...
isolated coracoid process fracture is a rare injury.1 furthermore , acute subscapularis tear is infrequent condition and often related with trauma rather than degenerative process.2 in our case , fracture of the coracoid process was associated with subscapularis tear without any shoulder dislocation . there was only ...	coracoid process fracture is an uncommon injury and can be easily missed . an associated acute subscapularis tear is still rare . herein , we describe a 61 year old male who fell from a 2 meter height ( stair case ) and presented with isolated coracoid process fracture with acute subscapularis tear without dislocat...
it is well known that the incidence of gastric carcinoma is higher for men than for women . although the incidence of gastric carcinoma varies geographically , men are more commonly affected.1 several lines of evidence support this lower incidence of gastric carcinoma in women than in men . some investigators have ...	little is known about the clinicopathological features of female gastric carcinoma ( fgc ) patients . we compared the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of fgc patients with curative resection with those of male gastric carcinoma ( mgc ) patients . we reviewed the hospital records of 940 fgc patients between 1...
rehabilitation therapy includes various treatments ( eg , physical therapy , occupational therapy , speech pathology ) aimed to increase patient functional independence , prevent further loss of function , and improve quality of life for individuals with disabilities . restorative nursing care is a program available ...	introductioneffective post - acute multidisciplinary rehabilitation therapy improves stroke survivors functional recovery and daily living activities . the us department of veterans affairs ( va ) places veterans needing post - acute institutional care in private community nursing homes ( cnhs ) . these placements ...
most patients are adults and are infected by eating raw or undercooked freshwater snails or other paratenic hosts such as freshwater shrimps , frogs , or monitor lizards . the diagnosis is mostly made clinically by the evidence of eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) constituting more than 10% of total csf whit...	eosinophilic meningitis , caused by the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis , is prevalent in northeastern thailand , most commonly in adults . data regarding clinical manifestations of this condition in children is limited and may be different those in adults . a chart review was done on 19 eosinophilic meningiti...
a 49-year - old man was admitted to pusan national university hospital with complaints of squeezing chest pain and drowsy mentality . his systolic blood pressure was 70 mmhg , and his heart rate was 120 bpm . computed tomography revealed acute type a aortic dissection ( ataad ) that involved the aortic arch and the d...	a 49-year - old man with drowsy mentality was diagnosed with acute type a aortic dissection ; he underwent an emergency operation . when selective antegrade cerebral perfusion was initiated , the right regional cerebral oxygen saturation ( rso2 ) decreased as compared to the left one . adequate blood flow was perfu...
during december 2006march 2007 , a total of 23 human sylvatic rabies cases occurred in puno ( n = 6 ) and madre de dios ( n = 17 ) , peru . the affected population consisted mainly of gold miners and their families who relocate to the area during the rainy season for small - scale mining before returning to their ori...	after a human rabies outbreak in southeastern peru , we collected bats to estimate the prevalence of rabies in various species . among 165 bats from 6 genera and 10 species , 10.3% were antibody positive ; antibody prevalence was similar in vampire and nonvampire bats . thus , nonvampire bats may also be a source f...
dna ( genetic material ) in the nucleus and mitochondria of cells , recognized is the most critical target of ionizing radiation ( 2 ) . ionizing radiation generates reactive oxygen species ( ros ) in the radiation - exposed cells , these free radicals such as hydroxyl ( oh ) and ( h ) can induce damage to critical m...	background : critical macromolecules of cells such as dna are in exposure to damage of free radicals that induced from the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological systems . selenium and vitamin - e are natural compounds that have been shown to be a direct free radical scavenger . the aim of this study...
in this work we investigate the image set of integer - valued polynomials over z. the set of these polynomials is a ring usually denoted by : int(z){fq[x]\|f(z)z}. since an integer - valued polynomial f(x ) maps the integers in a subset of the integers , it is natural to consider the subset of the integers formed by the...	we characterize the fixed divisor of a polynomial f(x ) in z[x ] by looking at the contraction of the powers of the maximal ideals of the overring int(z ) containing f(x ) . given a prime p and a positive integer n , we also obtain a complete description of the ideal of polynomials in z[x ] whose fixed divisor is div...
systemic embolization is an unfortunate sequel of infective endocarditis ( ie ) that can occur despite an appropriate therapy . cardiac embolization is seen in one - third to one - half of the patients , and the most common complication is heart failure ( more common in aortic valve ie than mitral valve ) . coronar...	context : coronary embolization is potentially a fatal sequela of endocarditis . although the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome is atherosclerotic disease , it is imperative to consider septic embolism as an etiological factor.case report : herein , we report a case of ventricular fibrillation and st - segment d...
lentiviral vectors represent an extremely effective way of introducing dna into both dividing and quiescent cells ( reviewed in refs . these vectors carry an enveloped rna genome which is reverse transcribed into dna upon cell entry , this resulting proviral dna : host / viral protein complex is then shuttled to the ...	the interest in integrase - defective lentiviral vectors ( idlvs ) stems from their potential advantage of large cloning capacity and broad cell tropism while avoiding the possibility of insertional mutagenesis . here , we directly compared the transducing potential of idlvs based on the equine infectious anemia virus ...
mistletoe , a semiparasitic plant , is widely distributed across the globe and has been used as a constituent of traditional medicine in northeast asia for centuries . viscum album l. , known as european mistletoe , and loranthus parasiticus , known as mulberry mistletoe , are mainly used for traditional medicine in ...	the mistletoe loranthus parasiticus has been used as a compound for traditional medicine in northeast asia for a long time and is known to possess neuroprotective action . nonetheless , the effect of loranthus parasiticus on allergic responses remains unknown . in the present study , we evaluated whether the water ...
pulmonary tuberculosis ( tb ) can cause parenchymal destruction by up - regulation of several proteases and dysregulation of protease control.1 the histopathological abnormalities after treatment for pulmonary tb include fibrosis , bronchiectasis , and brochial stenosis , all of which can cause pulmonary function abnor...	objectives : the present study aimed to investigate the trends in changes in pulmonary function and the risk factors for pulmonary function deterioration in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis after completing treatment.introduction:patients usually have pulmonary function abnormalities after completing treatment for ...
piwi - interacting rnas ( pirnas ) are germline - specific small rnas that function in rna silencing . in drosophila , pirnas arise mostly from transposable elements and associate with germline - specific argonaute proteins ( piwi proteins ) , aubergine ( aub ) , piwi , and ago3 , to guide piwi proteins to their target...	piwi - interacting rnas ( pirnas ) are germline - specific small non - coding rnas that form pirna - induced silencing complexes ( piriscs ) by associating with piwi proteins , a subclade of the argonaute proteins predominantly expressed in the germline . piriscs protect the integrity of the germline genome from inva...
we conducted a prospective rct in a single trauma center , the neurosurgery department of shahid rajaee hospital , affiliated to shiraz university of medical sciences , shiraz , iran based on a previously published protocol.5 patient enrollment began in september 2010 and will continue until a sample size of approximat...	objective : to assess the efficacy of surgical decompression < 24 ( early ) versus 24 - 72 hours ( late ) in thoracic / thoracolumbar traumatic spinal cord injury ( tsci).methods : a randomized controlled trial ( rct ) of 35 t1-l1 tsci patients including early ( n=16 ) and late ( n=19 ) surgical decompression was condu...
from a worldwide perspective , the life span of humans has been prolonged , and the proportion of elderly people in the total population has increased . various changes occur in the human body with age . in elderly men , lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts ) , erectile dysfunction ( ed ) , and decreased libido often ...	purposeto examine the effects on erectile function of concomitant treatment with an alpha - blocker ( tamsulosin ) and an antimuscarinic agent ( solifenacin ) in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms ( luts)/benign prostatic hyperplasia ( bph).materials and methodsfifty - seven male patients with luts / bph were a...
preoperative vital signs , blood tests , urinalysis , electrocardiogram , physical exam , and chest x - ray findings were all normal as well . as premedication , 0.25 mg of intramuscular atropine sulfate was injected . after the patient arrived in the operating room , electrocardiography , pulse oximetry , and noninv...	patients undergoing non - ocular surgery under general anesthesia may suffer from ocular complications because of the loss of protective reflexes . simple taping of the eyelids closed , the instillation of ointments into the conjunctival sac , and the use of protective goggles have been recommended for eye protection...
specific mirnas have been found to be expressed in cell type - specific manner , at specific developmental stages , and in disease states including cancer [ 1 , 2 ] . during the initiation and progression of cancer , mirnas have been observed to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors [ 3 , 4 ] . while some mirnas ar...	we focus on unique roles of mir-200c in breast , ovarian , and endometrial cancers . members of the mir-200 family target zeb1 , a transcription factor which represses e - cadherin and other genes involved in polarity . we demonstrate that the double negative feedback loop between mir-200c and zeb1 is functional in...
breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second major cause of mortality and morbidity in western women . the systemic outgrowth and spread of the cancer cells through a process known as metastasis is the main cause of deaths in these patients . recently , disease - related mortality and metastasis have ...	metastasis is the major cause of death for breast cancer patients . tumors are heterogenous cellular entities composed of cancer cells and cells of the microenvironment in which they reside . a reciprocal dynamic interaction occurs between the tumor cells and their surrounding stroma under physiological and patholo...
since the introduction of the dsm - iii ( diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders , third edition ) in the early 1980s , major depressive disorder has been conceptualized as a unitary entity.1,2 however , there have been a growing number of studies that support revising this model to position melancholia ...	backgroundthe purpose of this study was to compare melancholic patients rated by the core measure of observable psychomotor disturbance with nonmelancholic and control subjects across a set of biomarkers.methodsdepressed patients were classified as melancholic or nonmelancholic by using the core measure . both groups...
epitheloid hemangioma , a benign vascular tumor that arises in skin and soft tissues can also involve the skeletal system . authors report a case of epitheloid hemangioma of the middle phalanx in a young girl without any cutaneous manifestations . the lesion presented as a swollen middle finger , and plain radiogra...	introduction : epitheloid hemangioma , a benign vascular tumor that arises in skin and soft tissues can also involve the skeletal system . occasionally this has been reported from small tubular bones of the hand.case report : authors report a case of epitheloid hemangioma of the middle phalanx in a young girl without a...
every year about 14 million new cancer cases are detected and 8 million people die of cancer . however , there is a marked difference in the distribution of cancer sites across different regions of the world . in contrast to developed countries , cervical cancer is a public health problem in developing countries li...	background : cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries . in india , in spite of alarmingly high figures , there is no nationwide government - sponsored screening program . this study was conducted to assess the bur...
intramuscular hemangioma ( imh ) is a rare vascular disease involving skeletal muscle , comprising only 0.8% of all hemangiomas1 . about 10% to 15% of imhs occur in the head and neck region , mostly involving the masseter muscle23 . imh of the head and neck may be localized mainly in the masseter muscle ( 36% ) , t...	intramuscular hemangioma ( imh ) is a rare vascular disease involving skeletal muscle , comprising only 0.8% of hemangiomas . about 10% to 15% of imhs occur in the head and neck region , mostly involving the masseter muscle . imh occurs mostly in childhood , but is often not found until unexpected enlargement , pai...
over the past few years , there has been recognition of a distinctive group of renal tumors composed grossly of cystic and solid portion and microscopically of stromal and epithelial proliferation . while it is not clear whether they represent a heterogenous group or a single disease entitiy , these tumors have been ...	the descriptive term " mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney " was recently proposed for a group of renal tumors characterized histologically by a mixture of stromal and epithelial proliferation . it is a rare benign neoplasm of the kidney which has been reported under various names such as adult type meso...
	recurrent microdeletions and microduplications of a 600 kb genomic region of chromosome 16p11.2 have been implicated in childhood - onset developmental disorders1 - 3 . here we report the strong association of 16p11.2 microduplications with schizophrenia in two large cohorts . in the primary sample , the microdupli...
diverticular disease primarily involves the sigmoid colon , followed by the ascending colon and cecum . rectal involvement is extremely rare , with only a few reports in the literature since 1911 . surgical intervention is necessary when the patient suffers from a diverticular complication . in this case , an eme...	the occurrence of an adenocarcinoma arising from a rectal diverticulum that causes mechanical ileus is very rare . recently , we diagnosed a case of a mucinous adenocarcinoma in a rectal diverticulum after an emergent abdominal perineal resection and permanent colostomy by laparotomy . here , we present a case report...
the study adhered to the tenets of the declaration of helsinki and followed the guidelines , which the ethics committee of our institution approved . this study included 169 consecutive patients who were native japanese ( 73 men and 96 women ; age , mean sd , 59.0 11.1 years ) and had type 2 diabetes between april ...	objectiveto study the relationship between retinal microcirculation and renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.research design and methodsusing a laser doppler velocimetry system , we obtained the retinal blood flow ( rbf ) values by simultaneously measuring the retinal vessel diameter and blood velocity . to ...
( 2n = 22 ) is a major grain legume of the arid and semiarid regions of the world . though considered a minor crop , pigeonpea is of considerable importance in areas of south asia ( mainly on the indian subcontinent ) , africa , the caribbean , and latin america , where it is a prominent source of protein in the huma...	pigeonpea ( cajanus cajan ( l ) millsp . ) is an important food legume crop of rain fed agriculture in the arid and semiarid tropics of the world . it has deep and extensive root system which serves a number of important physiological and metabolic functions in plant development and growth . in order to identify gene...
the macrofungi - the mushrooms are eukaryotic , non - photosynthetic , and aerobic organisms that form characteristic fruiting bodies . belonging to the fifth kingdom , all mushrooms are heterotrophic , and they assimilate nutritive substances by absorption of simple molecules as nutrients after complex organic polym...	hericium erinaceus a culinary and medicinal mushroom is a well established candidate for brain and nerve health . ganoderma lucidum , grifola frondosa and sarcodon scabrosus have been reported to have neurite outgrowth and neuronal health benefits . the number of mushrooms , however , studied for neurohealth activity...
mycoplasmas are in a class of bacteria designated as mollicutes , which lack cell walls , and this characteristic along with their minute size separates them from other bacteria . mycoplasma hominis , ureaplasma urealyticum , u. parvum , and m. genitalium are potentially pathogenic species frequently isolated from th...	background : urogenital mycoplasmas are potentially pathogenic species causing genitourinary tract infections that may be initially asymptomatic but can progress and lead to severe complications and threaten reproductive health . however , the overall prevalence rate of this bacterium and its probable impacts on fertil...
pulmonary vein isolation ( pvi ) is an established strategy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( paf ) ablation , , . radiofrequency catheters have been the standard for af ablation ; however , pvi using balloon - based ablation has been increasingly adopted by electrophysiology laboratories around the world , , . t...	backgroundpulmonary vein isolation ( pvi ) is a cornerstone of catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ( paf ) , and balloon - based ablation has been recently performed worldwide . ablation using the second - generation cryoballoon ( cb2 ) ( arctic front advancetm , medtronic , mn , usa ) i...
despite a careful selection of patients , the failure rates associated with lumbar fusion surgery have been reported to range from 5 to 30%5,27 ) . among the different sources of low back pain following lumbar fusion surgery , the sacroiliac ( sij ) joint has been suggested as a possible source by several authors10,1...	objectiveto investigate the sagittal sacropelvic morphology and balance of the patients with sij pain following lumbar fusion.methodsamong 452 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion between june 2009 and january 2013 , patients with postoperative sij pain , being responded to sij block were enrolled ....
a 61-year - old chinese man with a history of psoriasis and alcoholic liver cirrhosis sought treatment for left ankle swelling , erythema , and tenderness . he worked as a dishwasher in a restaurant and could not recall any antecedent trauma to the affected limb . he was febrile on admission and was empirically tre...	in areas where melioidosis is endemic , stress on the healthcare system is substantial . because clinical manifestations are protean , the illness is difficult to diagnose , and cutaneous burkholderia pseudomallei infections can progress to necrotizing fasciitis . while it is an uncommon complication of cutaneous melio...
	in rats , of the wistar - porton strain , a single intravenous injection of 1.25 mg cd2 + between days 9 and 15 of gestation results in a high incidence ( 80% of hydrocephalus , together with other malformations in the fetuses , examined on day 20 . this dose is critical , since 1.1 mg cd2+/kg is not teratogenic , whil...
aneurysmal bone cyst ( abc ) is the rare , benign , vascular , multicystic lesion of the bone with unknown origin that usually involves the long bone and spine4,11 ) . venous channel in the diploic space is enlarged , which caused destruction of the cortical bone . about 20% of abc occurs at the spine , but rarely ...	aneurysmal bone cyst ( abc ) is benign vascular lesion destructing the cortical bone by the expansion of the vascular channel in the diploic space that usually involve long bone and spine . orbital abc is rare and the clinical symptoms deteriorate rapidly after initial slow - progression period for a few months . a...
atrial fibrillation ( af ) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias and causes a 5- to 7-fold increased risk of ischemic stroke and mortality . although warfarin is the most commonly prescribed oral anticoagulant worldwide since 1950 , and despite the strong evidence of stroke prevention in patients with nonv...	background : warfarin is the most common oral anticoagulant to decrease the stroke risk associated with atrial fibrillation ( af ) . there are very few prospective studies that have explored whether warfarin has an association with damage on renal function in chinese patients with nonvalvular af ( nvaf ) . the aim ...
posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) is a clinico - radiological entity associated with various conditions such as eclampsia , severe hypertension , and cytotoxic medications . clinically , the syndrome is usually reversible , but delayed diagnosis and failure to treat hypertension promptly may lead to...	although posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome ( pres ) is rarely associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage , to our knowledge , rupture of a concomitant cerebral aneurysm following pres has not been reported . we describe a patient with atypical pres involving the brainstem , thalamus , and periventricular whit...
angiogenesis is an essential component of tumorigenesis , and it has been an important target for development of new anti - cancer drugs . in contrast , antivascular approach targets endothelial cells and pericytes of the already established tumor vasculature . the new class of tubulin - binding agents , named vasc...	purposeckd-516 is a newly developed vascular disrupting agent . this phase i dose - escalation study of ckd-516 was conducted to determine maximum - tolerated dose ( mtd ) , safety , pharmacokinetics , and preliminary antitumor efficacy in patients with advanced solid tumors.materials and methodspatients received ckd...
obesity is a worldwide health burden , accompanied by a number of comorbidities including glucose intolerance , insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes . in this context , the myokine irisin , which is a cleavage product of the type i membrane protein fibronectin type iii domain - containing 5 , has been hypothesized as...	irisin is assumed to be a relevant link between muscle and weight maintenance as well as to mediate exercise benefits on health . the aim of this study was to assess the possible associations between irisin levels and glucose homeostasis in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome ( mets ) following an energy - restric...
bovine babesiosis is economically the most important tick - borne disease of cattle worldwide including areas of australia , africa , south and central america ( bock et al . in addition , the united states is continuously under threat of reintroduction of the vector and the disease ( bock et al . 2004 ) . under na...	backgroundthere is a little or no data available on the natural babesia bovis ( b. bovis ) infection in water buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) comparing to the available one for cattle . this study was conducted to investigate the natural b. bovis infection in water buffaloes in comparison to crossbred cattle under fiel...
the lac operon consists of a regulatory domain and three genes required for the uptake and catabolism of lactose . a regulatory protein , the laci repressor , can bind to the operator and prevent the rna polymerase from transcribing the three genes . induction of the lac operon occurs when the inducer molecule bind...	we use the lac operon in escherichia coli as a prototype system to illustrate the current state , applicability , and limitations of modeling the dynamics of cellular networks . we integrate three different levels of description ( molecular , cellular , and that of cell population ) into a single model , which seems ...
bacopa monniera l. ( scrophulariaceae ) , commonly known as brahmi , is a creeping plant with bitter taste found in marshy areas in india . the leaf extract of b. monniera contains bioactive compounds bacosides a1a3 [ 13 ] , bacopasaponins a a study claimed that bioactive compounds extracted from b. monniera improv...	tryptophan hydroxylase ( tph ) catalyses l - tryptophan into 5-hydroxy - l - tryptophan , which is the first and rate - limiting step of serotonin ( 5-ht ) biosynthesis . earlier , we found that tph2 up - regulated in the hippocampus of postnatal rats after the oral treatment of bacopa monniera leaf extract containin...
it is generally considered to be a benign proliferation of endothelial cells with secondary thrombosis and fibrin deposition or an excessive reaction to the normal reorganization process in a thrombus2,18 ) . the lesion contains papillary structures composed of a single layer of swollen endothelial cells around a cor...	intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia ( ipeh ) is a rare vascular benign lesion that rarely involves the central nervous system with or without skull invasion . we report a rare case of ipeh on the skull bone , which displayed destructive radiologic development associated with hemorrhage . a 14-year - old m...
protein splicing is a post - translational autoprocessing event carried out by a class of proteins known as inteins . during this process , an intein domain excises itself from a larger precursor protein and ligates its n- and c - terminal flanking sequences ( termed exteins ) through a native peptide bond . ...	split inteins play an important role in modern protein semisynthesis techniques . these naturally occurring protein splicing domains can be used for in vitro and in vivo protein modification , peptide and protein cyclization , segmental isotopic labeling , and the construction of biosensors . the most wel...
the frequency of urinary calculi has increased owing to the dietary habits and lifestyle of the current generation as well as a rise in global warming . . currently followed management procedures for the treatment of urinary stones include lithotripsy and surgical methods . the recurrence rate seems to be high rega...	purposeat present , commercially available antiurolithic drugs have more adverse effects than potential therapeutic or preventive effects with chronic use . with this in mind , the present study was designed to assess the antiurolithic effect of olive oil in a mouse model of ethylene glycol ( eg)-induced urolithiasis...
emerging evidence suggests that eating behavior and , consequently , body weight are determined by an interplay of top - down control processes and bottom - up impulses ( appelhans , 2009 ; heatherton and wagner , 2011 ) . specifically , studies have shown that individuals with both high impulsivity ( as measured by ...	strong bottom - up impulses and weak top - down control may interactively lead to overeating and , consequently , weight gain . in the present study , female university freshmen were tested at the start of the first semester and again at the start of the second semester . attentional bias toward high- or low - calo...
a pubmed , medine search was carried out with the key words : non - vital , young permanent tooth , and triple antibiotic paste . case reports , and in vitro , in vivo animal studies and investigations on tap were included for review . modern concept of medicine emphasizes prevention and reversal of the diseas...	the success of the endodontic treatment depends on the microbial suppression in the root canal and periapical region . endodontic instrumentation alone can not achieve a sterile condition . with the advent of non - instrumentation endodontic treatment and lesion sterilization and tissue repair , local application of ...
non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) accounts for approximately 8085% of all lung cancer . the prognosis of nsclc is poor and it is estimated that the 5-year survival rate for nsclc is less than 15% . many nsclc patients are diagnosed at late stage , missing the chance for surgical resection . for these patient...	background . osteopontin ( opn ) is associated with prognosis of patients with non - small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) . however , little is known about the association between opn gene polymorphism and the chemotherapy response in nsclc patients . methods . a total of 497 patients with inoperable advanced stage o...
in recent years , the evolution of endodontics has broken several paradigms , driven by technological and techniques advances in all its phases of execution . however , despite all these technical and scientific developments , some concepts have not changed . the main objectives of root canal treatment continue...	objectiveto analyze possible correlations among tubular dentine cement penetration , adhesiveness and apical leakage in fillings performed with gutta percha and an endodontic cement based on epoxy amine resin . material and methodssixty similar , extracted human mandibular central incisors were irrigated , inst...
nordic walking is a physical activity consisting of walking with poles similar to ski poles . the poles are designed for the purpose of activating the upper body during walking . they are equipped with rubber or spike tips , and the walking itself resembles nordic - style skiing . beginners are asked to w...	[ purpose ] the aims of this study were : 1 ) to confirm the motion learning process of nordic backward walking ( nbw ) in older adult community - dwelling volunteers and , 2 ) to check the change in psychological condition resulting from nbw . this study examined whether the learning process and psychological ...
breast cancer is the most common tumor in women ; one in eight women will be affected in their lifetime . common sites of breast cancer metastasis include lungs , liver , bones , soft tissue , brain , and adrenal glands . gastrointestinal ( gi ) tract metastases from breast origin are considered rare in clinical pr...	luminal gastrointestinal ( gi ) metastases from breast cancer are rare , reports are fragmentary and poor . the purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature . between january 2007 and dece...
very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants commonly receive one or more red blood cell ( rbc ) transfusions during their first months of life . in the majority of preterm infants , anemia is a result of multiple factors which include iatrogenic blood loss , inadequate rbc production , shorter rbc lifespan , insufficient ir...	backgroundin the early weeks of life , very low birth weight ( vlbw ) infants experience intense laboratory blood sampling leading to clinically significant anemia and the need for red blood cell transfusion . although controversial , treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin ( epo ) and iron has been recommend...
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurological disorder resulting from the deposition of alzheimer -amyloid peptide ( a ) as senile plaques , the appearance of neurofibrillary tangles , and selective neuronal loss . the most abundant forms of a are 40 and 42 amino acid residues long and referred to as a40 ...	the amyloid peptides , a40 and a42 , are generated through endoproteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein . here we have developed a model to investigate the interaction of living cells with various forms of aggregated a40/42 . after incubation at endosomal ph 6 , we observed a variety of a conformations...
oxidative stress is high in patients treated in chronic hemodialysis ( hd ) program , as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation , e.g. elevated malondialdehyde ( mda ) , while low antioxidant , e.g. decreased glutathione peroxidase levels [ 1 - 9 ] . furthermore , level of mda is significantly correlated with the ...	aims , subjects and methodsmarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory activation of endothelium , as well as the adipose tissue secreted adipokines , e.g. adiponectin show altered pattern in renal failure . however , their internal relations have not been fully evaluated in this special patient population.in our cr...
a 37-year - old woman was referred to our institution for further management of a mass lesion located in the thoracic cavity , which was revealed on a chest computed tomography ( ct ) scan taken at another hospital . she complained of left - sided flank pain that was aggravated with deep inspiration for twelve months...	a 37-year - old woman was referred to our institution for further management of a mass lesion located in the thoracic cavity . the mass had grown by more than 10 cm over the course of a year and was initially considered to be a scar from previous pulmonary tuberculosis at another hospital . the patient had complain...
noninvasive pressure support ventilation ( psv ) , delivered via a nose- or a face - mask , is widely used because it reduces patient work of breathing ( wob ) [ 13 ] . this is critical for patients with impaired lung mechanics resulting from lung diseases such as copd or ards . the effectiveness of psv depends on ...	backgroundpressure support ventilation ( psv ) is a standard method for non - invasive home ventilation . a bench study was designed to compare the effectiveness of patient - ventilator inspiratory termination synchronization with automated and conventional triggering in various respiratory mechanics models.material/...
the lower gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by a very dense and diverse bacterial microflora that exists in a state of mutualism with the host . a constant molecular dialogue between the microbiota and the host dysregulated immune responses to the commensal microbiota and accompanying intestinal inflamma...	loss of intestinal immune regulation leading to aberrant immune responses to the commensal microbiota are believed to precipitate the chronic inflammation observed in the gastrointestinal tract of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibd ) , crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . innate immune receptors tha...
laparoscopic operations for benign adnexal pathology have been conducted for many years ; minimally invasive surgery was , in fact , initially pioneered by gynecologists . in most centers without specialized pediatric gynecologists , we have previously reported our all - in - one single - incision single - instrume...	introduction . pediatric surgeons often practice pediatric gynecology . the single - incision single - instrument ( sisi ) technique used for appendectomy is applicable in gynecologic surgery . methods . we retrospectively analyzed the records of patients undergoing pelvic surgery from 2008 to 2013 . sisi uti...
phospholipon 90 g and phospholipon 90 h were kindly gifted by natterman gmbh germany . etoposide the hydration of the lipid film was carried out with hydroxy propyl -cyclodextrin ( hpcd ) solution at 60. vesicle size was reduced by subjecting the liposomes to mechanical shaking for upto 6 h on a horizontal shaker bat...	etoposide is a semisynthetic compound , widely used in treatment of non small cell lung cancer . however , frequent dosing and adverse effects remain a major concern in the use of etoposide . liposomal systems for pulmonary drug delivery have been particularly attractive because of their compatibility with lung sur...
the present case involved a 62-year - old male with a large left - sided inguinoscrotal hernia . a ct scan and a clinical examination led to a diagnosis of a giant left - sided amyand 's hernia . the hernia was repaired using the ultrapro hernia system ( uhs ) , and the patient exhibited an uneventful postoperative...	key clinical messagethe present case involved a 62-year - old male with a large left - sided inguinoscrotal hernia . a ct scan and a clinical examination led to a diagnosis of a giant left - sided amyand 's hernia . the hernia was repaired using the ultrapro hernia system ( uhs ) , and the patient exhibited an unev...
ischaemic heart disease ( ihd ) is the single leading cause of death worldwide , accounting for 11.2% of all deaths globally in 2011 , the last year for which a reliable estimate is available . our group has previously studied the global epidemiology of ihd from 1995 to 2009 . in this paper we provide an update , r...	backgroundischaemic heart disease ( ihd ) is the leading cause of death worldwide and its prevention is a public health priority.methodwe analysed worldwide ihd mortality data from the world health organisation as of february 2014 by country , age and income . age - standardised mortality rates by country were calculat...
according to world health statistics 2015 , which was published by the world health organization ( who ) , the use of cesarean section in clinical delivery was very high in all countries for the period 20072014 . in china , the reported cesarean rate was 27% , which is significantly higher than the goal of less than ...	backgroundwhat role should previous cesarean section play in affecting clinical pregnancy outcomes and avoiding the complications of in vitro fertilization ? in this article , we focus on elective single - embryo transfer ( eset ) versus double - embryo transfer ( det ) and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of es...
hand eczema is one of the commonest eczemas encountered in clinical practicehand eczema is the commonest eczema encountered in patch test clinics outside india but in india footwear dermatitis and airborne contact dermatitis predominatesmale predominance is seen in hand eczema and chromate , fragrance mix and nickel ar...	background : hand eczema is one of the commonest eczemas encountered in dermatology practice . contact allergens responsible for causing hand eczema vary from one geographical area of the world to another . aim : the study tries to identify the commonest allergens causing hand eczema in ethnic kashmiri population.m...
although surgical resection is the best curative treatment option,1,2 there are several obstacles that limit surgical resection such as tumor number , location , hepatic reserve , and patient performance status.3 therefore , alternative techniques such as percutaneous ethanol injection ( pei ) , microwave therapy , rad...	radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) is performed as an alternative to surgical resection for primary or secondary liver malignancies . although rfa can be performed safely in most patients , early and late complications related to mechanical or thermal damage occur in 8 - 9.5% cases . hemocholecyst , which refers to hemo...
primary cardiac malignancy is very unusual with an estimated incidence ranging from 0.001% to 0.03% , nine percent of which , are ascribed to cardiac leiomyosarcoma ( cl ) , making it extremely rare . diagnoses are most often made after a mass in the chambers of a heart is found or abnormal cardiac hemodynamic caused...	coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation are very rare clinically , and even less caused by cardiac leiomyosarcoma . a case is reported that a 67-year - old female had cardiac leiomyosarcoma with progressive heart failure and coronary fistulae and ventricular septal perforation . this case was special s...
migraine and tension - type headache prevalence has been determined to be 16 ( 21.8% for women and 10.9% for men ) and 31.7% , respectively , in turkey based on a structured cross - sectional study for headache carried out in 13 centers with 2,007 participants . however , structured studies in certain age and target ...	in this prospective study , we aimed to determine the prevalence of migraine and non - migraine headaches using a questionnaire , including i d migraine , for university students . the study was designed cross - sectionally and a questionnaire consisting of 43 questions was applied to 1,256 students . the questionn...
precancerous lesions are related to the development of tumors in several organs , such as intestinal - type gastric cancer that develops through the progression of various sequential lesions that frequently start with a helicobacter pylori infection . this infection causes superficial gastritis that can progress to c...	objective . annexin - a1 ( anxa1/anxa1 ) and galectin-1 ( lgals1/gal-1 ) are mediators that play an important role in the inflammatory response and are also associated with carcinogenesis . we investigated mrna and protein expression in precancerous gastric lesions that participate in the progression cascade to gas...
a 56-year - old previously healthy woman presented with a 3-month history of weight loss ( 25 lb ) , dyspnea at rest , weakness , intermittent palpitations , nervousness , and heat intolerance . she denied any hair or skin changes , anorexia , diarrhea , cough , or hemoptysis . her examination revealed a blood pre...	hyperthyroidism may present with signs and symptoms related to dysfunction of a variety of organs . cardiovascular pathology in hyperthyroidism is common . a few case reports describe isolated right heart failure , tricuspid regurgitation , and pulmonary hypertension as the prominent cardiovascular manifestations o...
	gold copper ( au cu ) phases were employed already by pre - columbian civilizations , essentially in decorative arts , whereas nowadays , they emerge in nanotechnology as an important catalyst . the knowledge of the phase diagram is critical to understanding the performance of a material . however , exper...
midgut malrotation is an infrequent congenital anomaly , with an estimated incidence of 0.2% in pediatric population . when symptomatic , it is usually diagnosed within the first months after birth and more than 90% of symptomatic patients present during the first year of life . therefore , adult midgut malrotation i...	adult midgut volvulus is a challenging diagnosis because of its low incidence and nonspecific symptoms . diagnostic delay and long - term complaints are frequent in this clinical scenario . we reported a patient referred to our diagnostic imaging unit with intermittent abdominal pain , bloating and episodic vomitin...
the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide , including lebanon . the healthcare system in lebanon is mainly private , in a country with a multiethnic population of nearly 4.5 million . the lebanese order of physicians ( lop ) counts 602 cardiologists ...	scientific societies in medicine theoretically aim to improve a medical field as a science ; however , this role is expanding nowadays to seeking also the improved practice of a certain medical field . in this regard , the current lebanese society of cardiology ( 20132015 ) has laid many plans and considered many per...
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is a heterogeneous , multi - system autoimmune disease that presents with a wide range of clinical and laboratory abnormalities . challenges in the clinical management of sle include the identification of new and relevant therapeutic targets and of specific biomarkers that can be ...	systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic , heterogeneous autoimmune disease . understanding of its molecular complexity is incomplete and there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets and to optimize criteria for its diagnosis , assessment and prognosis . recently , arasappan and colleagues have described a...
metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is defined as a cluster of risk factors that identifies persons with increased risk of cardiovascular disease ( cvd ) . the prediction of cvd onset does not have to be better than the framingham score and systematic coronary risk evaluation ( score ) , based on the main factors of cardio...	backgroundthis study compared the association between the 3 definitions of metabolic syndrome ( mets ) suggested by the world health organization ( who ) , national cholesterol education programme ( ncep atp iii ) , and international diabetes federation ( idf ) , and the risk of cardiovascular diseases ( cvd ) and show...
str ( or microsatellite ) loci consist of simple tandem repeated sequences of 16 bp in length . as with the larger variable number tandem repeat ( vntr or minisatellite ) loci , strs may exhibit a high degree of length polymorphism owing to variation in the number of repeat units displayed ( 1 ) . however , unlike ...	objective(s):short tandem repeat ( str ) loci are the most informative dna genetic markers for attempting to individualize biological material for application in paternity and forensic cases.materials and methods : blood samples were collected and the total genomic dna was extracted . the dna samples were used for ge...
the influence of the physical activity on human health has been proven in a great number of previous researches , but unfortunately there is still a large part of the population that is not sufficiently physically active ( 1 ) . diseases whose cause is hypokinesia represent a big problem of modern medicine . the ...	background : the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of demographic , psychological , social and environmental factors with physical activity and to determine whether indicators of physical activity differ by gender among macedonian adolescents from albanian ethnic community from 11 to 14 yr ( n = 8...
physicians often encounter questions from parents regarding the normal size of their child 's penis . aberrant growth of male external genitalia may be the first sign of underlying biophysiologic or psychosocial illness . medical consultations regarding these have associated medical , sexual , psychological , and soc...	introduction : physicians frequently encounter questions by parents regarding the normal size of a child 's penis . we evaluated normal variations of penile dimensions , correlation of penile length with height , weight , and body mass index ( bmi ) of boys and analyzed the differences in penile dimensions from those...
oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and development of diabetic nephropathy ( dn ) ( baynes , 1991 ; forbes et al . , 2008 ; giacco and brownlee , 2010 ; hinokio et al . , 1999 ; , 2010 ; schnackenberg , 2002 ; singh et al . , 2011 ; son et al . , 2004 ; stanton , 2011 ) . diabetes is associate...	oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy , the complication of diabetes in the kidney . nadph oxidases of the nox family , and in particular the homologue nox4 , are a major source of reactive oxygen species in the diabetic kidney and are critical mediators of redox signaling in gl...
in birds and some lizards , females are heterogametic with a zw karyotype , while males are zz homogametes . the molecular basis for sexual differentiation in birds is unknown : arguments exist for doses of z masculinizing chicks and for w information feminizing . asw was identified as a tandemly repeated gene cons...	in birds females are heterogametic with a zw karyotype , while males are zz homogametes but the molecular basis for sexual differentiation in birds is unknown . genomic and expression data suggest that asw may feminize chicks , dominantly interfering with hint function by heterodimerization .
it starts with bleeding gums , but can finally lead to tooth loss in case of negligence . periodontal disease ranges from mild gingivitis to severe disease that results in the destruction of the supporting tissue and alveolar bone loss . previous epidemiological studies in developing countries have shown that the p...	objective : the aim of the present study was to examine the periodontal condition of an adult population in three isolated regions in greece and to determine the association of periodontal disease with several demographic , behavioral and environmental factors.materials and methods : the study population consisted of 6...
apteronotidae is the gymnotiformes family with the largest number of formally described species : 86 species divided into 15 genera ( de santana , 2007 ; de santana and vari , 2009 , 2010a , b ; albert and crampton , 2009 ; de santana and crampton , 2010 ) . the species of this family are found in rivers from panama ...	cytogenetic studies were carried out on samples of parapteronotus hasemani , sternarchogiton preto and sternarchorhamphus muelleri ( apteronotidae , gymnotiformes ) from the amazon basin . the first two species exhibited both a 2n = 52 karyotype , but differed in their karyotypic formulae , distribution of constituti...
acute suppurative thyroiditis ( ast ) accompanied by an abscess is a rare clinical case . possible reasons for the infrequency of ast include the gland 's abundant blood supply and lymphatic drainage and the antimicrobial action of iodine 1 . ast is found primarily in children . according to miyauchi et al . , the ...	key clinical messageacute suppurative thyroiditis ( ast ) accompanied by an abscess is a rare clinical case . hemodialysis patients are at risk for infections . sepsis mortality was from 100 to 300 times higher for chronic dialysis patients than that for the general public . thus , special care should be taken ag...
bonding of the orthodontic attachments by using light cure adhesive has gained more popularity in orthodontic practice today . it gives the opportunity for the operator to manipulate the bracket position to the right position and then start the polymerization with a visible light source , usually at 450 470 nm.1 the ...	objectivesto use the ft - raman spectroscopy for evaluation the degree of polymerization of dental composite as a result of photo curing with a new light source in comparison to the conventional halogen light.materials and methodsin this study a new light source , based on a metal - halide lamp ( topspot g12 ) was deve...
cancer is a heterogeneous genetic disease of somatic cells arising from accumulated genetic changes on cancer genome resulted in alterations of gene expression , unregulated cell growth and triggering formation of malignant neoplasm . systematic genomic approaches have been applied to dissect tumorigenic pathways for...	the oncodb.hcc ( ) is based on physical maps of rodent and human genomes containing quantitative trait loci of rodent hcc models and various human hcc somatic aberrations including chromosomal data from loss of heterozygosity and comparative genome hybridization analyses , altered expression of genes from microarray an...
total tobacco cessation is the only treatment that improves the symptoms and reduces the risk of amputation in buerger 's disease . surgical revascularization is often ineffective because the distal target vessels are often involved in this diffuse segmental disease . calcium channel blockers , anticoagulants , thr...	surgical revascularization for patients with buerger 's disease is possible only in a few cases , due to the diffuse segmental involvement and the lack of distal runoff vessels available for bypass surgery . we encountered a case of resting pain in the right foot , coldness with dysesthesia , and cyanosis on the righ...
as a service to our authors and readers , this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors . such materials are peer reviewed and may be re - organized for online delivery , but are not copy - edited or typeset . technical support issues arising from supporting information ( other than missing ...	we have investigated the interaction of peptides containing phosphohistidine analogues and their homologues with the prototypical phosphotyrosine binding sh2 domain from the eukaryotic cell signalling protein grb2 by using a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry and a fluorescence anisotropy competition assay...
diogenes syndrome is a rarely reported syndrome of extreme self - neglect , social withdrawal and domestic squalor . other synonyms for diogenes syndrome include severe self - neglect syndrome , aged recluse and social breakdown of the elderly . herein , we report a case of diogenes syndrome presenting with an unus...	diogenes syndrome is characterized by extreme self - neglect , social withdrawal , and poor personal and domestic hygiene . we report a case of diogenes syndrome presenting with dermatitis passivata . an unusual mask of dirt resembling a carapace , onset of neglect after awareness of a breast lump and resumption ...
emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) is a severe necrotizing , gas - forming infection of the renal parenchyma and surrounding tissue . it commonly occurs in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or obstruction within the urinary tract . epn has been associated with a high mortality rate , usually due to sep...	emphysematous pyelonephritis ( epn ) is a life - threatening infection characterized by the formation of gas . complications of epn include septic shock , acute renal failure , and disseminated intravascular coagulation . spontaneous subcapsular hematoma ( sch ) has also been reported as a rare complication of epn ...
inflammation in patients with end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) receiving hemodialysis ( hd ) is associated with malnutrition and cardiovascular diseases and resulted in poor clinical outcome . pentraxin 3 ( ptx3 ) is a multifunctional soluble receptor that modulates the innate immunoinflammatory response and it bel...	pentraxin 3 ( ptx3 ) , a multifunctional modulator of the innate immunoinflammatory response , is higher in patients undergoing hemodialysis than healthy control . our study focused on annual change in ptx3 levels in patients with chronic hemodialysis , because regularly undergoing hemodialysis for many years modifie...
the safdgs family member recruitment and data collection procedures were reported previously ( 23 ) . in brief , probands were mexican americans with t2 dm with low income , and all first- , second- , and third - degree relatives of probands were invited to participate in the study . a variety of metabolic , hemodyna...	the objective of this study is to identify and characterize the genetic variants related to the glomerular filtration rate ( gfr ) linkage on 2q37 . of the positional candidate genes , we selected irs1 and resequenced its 2-kb promoter region and exons for sequence variants in 32 subjects . a total of 11 single nucle...
for the control of diverse signaling in response to the extracellular milieu , cells develop sophisticated tools to transmit the appropriate signals and thereby orchestrate the responses . the signaling mechanism of an agent involves effector - receptor coupling , production of second messengers , activation of prote...	mitogen - activated protein kinases ( mapks ) comprise a family of serine / threonine kinases that are activated by a large variety of extracellular stimuli and play integral roles in controlling many cellular processes , from the cell surface to the nucleus . the mapk family includes four distinct mapk cascades , th...
the prevalence of obesity and asthma has been increasing throughout the world in recent decades . obesity and increasing adiposity have proven to be a risk factor for incident asthma and make a unique phenotype of the disease . obese patients with asthma demonstrate different asthma phenotype compared with patients...	background : obesity is commonly regarded as a risk factor for asthma development , poor asthma control , and poor response to asthma therapy.methods:in a cross - sectional study , 85 asthmatics ( 37 male and 48 female ) participated . pulmonary function tests ( pfts ) and anthropometric parameters were measured for ...
the study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was given by the patients . inclusion criteria were skeletal maturity , an isolated fracture involving the proximal one - third of the tibia . pathological fractures , gustilo type iiib , type iiic open fractures,10 ) tibial fractures acc...	backgroundthe locking plates are often used for internal fixation of closed tibial fractures . the use of a locking plate as an external fixator is still controversial , particularly for closed fractures . the purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of external fixation using the femoral less invasive stab...
oesophageal stents are used widely to treat benign strictures , oesophageal perforations and fistula and for palliative therapy of oesophageal cancer . oesophageal migration has been reported to occur in 3.6% of cases , and the majority are removed or repositioned endoscopically without complication . this case pre...	we report the case of an elderly female patient with a history of a previous billroth i gastrectomy who presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to a migrated oesophageal stent . this patient had an iatrogenic oesophageal perforation following therapeutic endoscopy for a benign stricture 4 months prior to pre...
for the past half century , myopia has emerged as an extremely important health issue and the related literature has increased exponentially [ 1 , 2 ] . and epidemiological data suggested that the prevalence and incidence of myopia were increasingly high , causing serious social and economic burdens . so both scienti...	the mouse model has been widely employed to explore the mysteries of myopia . for now , existing techniques for induction of experimental myopia in mice can be classified into three types : ( 1 ) devices directly glued to the fur ; ( 2 ) devices attached using a combination of glue and sutures ; ( 3 ) devices attached ...
haemodialysis is the most effective modality in treatment of end stage renal disease ( esrd ) ( 1 , 2 ) . patients undergoing the haemodialysis treatment are at a greater risk of acquiring systemic infections ( 3 ) . standard haemodialysis treatment sessions last 46 hours and patients are exposed to 15,00020,000 li...	background and objectives : the microbiological monitoring of the water used for haemodialysis is important especially for legionella and non - fermentative bacteria since patients with end stage renal disease ( esrd ) are suffering from deteriorated function of immune system.materials and methods : a total 50 water an...
any reduction in the normal carrying angle of the elbow produces cubitus varus deformity . the most common cause of this deformity is late complication of supracondylar fracture of the humerus.1 , 2 it is a poorly tolerated cosmetic deformity with no practically functional impairment , although there is some difficulty...	the outward angulation of elbow with supinated forearm is cubitus varus deformity . this deformity is often seen as sequelae of malunited supracondylar fracture of humerus in paediatric age group of 58 years . the deformity is usually non - progressive , but in cases of physeal injury or congenital bony bar formati...
the endemic carnivorous plant venus flytrap ( dionaea muscipula ellis ) produces a rosette of leaves , each divided into two parts : the lower part called the lamina and the upper part called the trap . the trap catches prey by very rapid movement of its bilobed halves that shut when the trigger hairs protruding from...	mechanical stimulation of trigger hairs on the adaxial surface of the trap of dionaea muscipula leads to the generation of action potentials and to rapid leaf movement . after rapid closure secures the prey , the struggle against the trigger hairs results in generation of further action potentials which inhibit photo...
amyand 's hernia is a rare presentation of acute appendicitis , in which an incarcerated or perforated appendix is found in the right inguinal canal . only a few cases have been diagnosed either by computed tomography ( ct ) or ultrasonography before operation . we report a 24-day - old neonate who presented atypic...	acute appendicitis secondary to hernia incarceration presenting as scrotal swelling is exceptionally rare in neonates . we report a neonate who presented with tender swelling in the right scrotum . ultrasonography detected features of a rare amyand 's hernia . surgical exploration and histopathological examinatio...

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