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hirschsprung 's disease ( hscr ) , or aganglionic megacolon , occurs due to the congenital absence of parasympathetic neuronal ganglia in a segment of the hindgut , resulting in malfunction of the affected segment .
the condition presents as a common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates , with an incidence of ... | the risk of patients with hirschsprung 's disease later developing multiple endocrine neoplasia remains a matter of concern .
the multiple endocrine neoplasia 2hirschsprung 's disease association has been shown to cosegregate in hirschsprung 's disease patients with both short- and long - segment aganglionosis , alth... |
multidrug - resistant strains of gram - positive pathogens have evolved which are especially difficult to eradicate . in particular
, the emergence and spread of multidrug - resistant staphylococcus aureus is a serious health concern .
subsequently , there is a continuing need for alternative antibacterial agents ,... | 3-methoxybenzamide ( 1 ) is a weak inhibitor of the essential bacterial cell division protein ftsz .
alkyl derivatives of 1 are potent antistaphylococcal compounds with suboptimal drug - like properties .
exploration of the structureactivity relationships of analogues of these inhibitors led to the identification o... |
the masticatory function is acquired by eating experiences and is especially influenced by the consistencies of food . the maximum bite force ( mbf ) , based on masticatory function and related to individual anthropometric characteristics such as sex and age , has been discussed in the literature.1
2 the mbf varies a... | introduction maximum bite force ( mbf ) is the maximum force performed by the subject on the fragmentation of food , directly related with the mastication and determined by many factors .
objective analyze the mbf of subjects according to age groups .
methods one hundred individuals from the city of so paulo wer... |
the alkene ring - closing metathesis ( rcm ) reaction has enabled many complex and important molecules to be constructed in new ways .
the popularity of the rcm reaction has been driven by the commercial availability of highly active and stable ruthenium precatalysts such as 13 .
industry has seized upon the potent... | a published model for revealing solvent effects on the ring - closing metathesis ( rcm ) reaction of diethyl diallylmalonate 7 has been evaluated over a wider range of conditions , to assess its suitability for new applications .
unfortunately , the model is too flexible and the published rate constants do not agree ... |
metronidazole ( 2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol ) belongs to a group of nitroimidazole drugs used in therapeutics mainly in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible organisms , particularly anaerobic bacteria ( bacteroides , fusobacterium , campylobacterium , and clostridium ) and protozoa ( trichomonas , ... | cyclic voltammetric investigation of metronidazole at carbon paste electrode revealed an irreversible reduction peak centered at about 0.4 v. observed peak potential shift with ph in the range 2.0 to 8.5 indicated the involvement of protons during the reduction of metronidazole , whereas the peak potential shift with ... |
jellyfish ( aurelia aurita ) were obtained from the new england aquarium and maintained in 20-l aquaria at 20 c . for recording
, individual animals were placed into a glass filming vessel ( 30 10 25 cm ) filled with filtered seawater .
recordings of free - swimming animals were acquired by a high - speed digital... | the ability of animals to propel themselves efficiently through a fluid medium is ecologically advantageous .
flexible components that influence vortex interactions are widespread among animal propulsors . however the mechanisms by which vortices are enhanced and appropriately positioned for thrust generation are sti... |
collapsing glomerulopathy ( cg ) is a morphologically and clinically distinct podocytopathy characterized by segmental or global collapse of glomerular capillaries , formation of pseudocrescents and variable tubulointerstitial injury , presenting with an accelerated clinical course , not responding to standard therapeu... | collapsing glomerulopathy ( cg ) is a proliferative podocytopathy , increasingly recognized in a variety of disease conditions .
we report a case of cg in a 16-year - old boy with iga nephropathy ( igan ) who presented with acute kidney injury , marked proteinuria and hypertension following a short period of anabolic... |
because older people constitute the fastest - growing proportion of the population in the industrialized world , the prevalence of arrhythmias is expected to increase.1 consequently , arrhythmias represent a growing challenge for health care services.2,3 the onset of arrhythmia is often associated with other chronic di... | purposewith longer life expectancies , the prevalence of arrhythmias is increasing ; thus , there is a need for new methods to screen the older outpatient population .
this population - based study describes the prevalence of arrhythmias in 200 outpatients aged 66 years .
we also investigated the feasibility of wir... |
a variety of surgical approaches have been used in the treatment of symptomatic patients with cervical discogenic disease refractory to medical management , but anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine have become the gold standard for treating this kind of diseases ( 13).the most important benefit of anterior a... | backgroundanterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine have become the gold standard for treating spinal diseases , hence the aim of this study was to compare long term follow up results in patients with cervical disk disease treated with anterior peek cage implantation and without it in anterior approach.methodsret... |
scrub typhus , also known as tsutsugamushi disease , is caused by orientia tsutsugamushi , which is considered to be an acute infectious disease and to be successfully cured with antibiotics .
studies using the polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) reveal that o. tsutsugamushi dna in blood disappears gradually over 1 mon... | we investigated the persistence of viable orientia tsutsugamushi in patients who had recovered from scrub typhus .
blood specimens were available from six patients with scrub typhus who were at 1 to 18 months after the onset of the illness .
the edta - treated blood specimens were inoculated into ecv304 cells , and... |
anthocyanins are the most important group of water - soluble plant pigments visible to the human eye .
these pigments are responsible
for a great variety of colours of several fruits , vegetables , and
plants .
the colour of red wine is manly due to the presence of
these polyphenolic compounds extracted from ... | the use of anthocyanins has been investigated for the preparation
of food and beverage natural colorants as they seem to have
nontoxic effects . in this context , vinylpyranoanthocyanins were
recently found to naturally occur in ageing red wine .
this new
family of anthocyanin - derived pigments may be obtain... |
a 46-year - old male had been admitted in the intensive care unit ( icu ) for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ; bronchial asthma ) .
based on the clinical picture of acute bilateral proptosis with retracted lids [ fig . 1 ] and
patient 's history of similar episode in the past , a diagnosis of g... | spontaneous globe luxation is a rarely reported condition which can lead to complications like optic neuropathy .
common causes are thyroid eye disease , shallow orbit and floppy eyelid syndrome .
we report a case of spontaneous globe luxation with the onset and severity associated with chronic obstructive pulmonar... |
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a demyelinating inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is identified with the triad of inflammation , demyelination , and gliosis .
it has been a long time since identifying much higher prevalence of ms in economically developed countries than in the developing countries ... | background : multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system which has been identifies more prevalent in economically developed countries than in the developing countries .
low prevalence of parasitic infections ( which can activate immune response and prevent or modulate da... |
pattern recognition receptors directly recognize common antigen determinants of virtually all classes of pathogens ( so - called pathogen - associated molecular patterns , or pamps).14 in addition , they recognize endogenous ligands , usually releasing during cell stress and known as damage - associated molecular patte... | the group of pattern recognition receptors includes families of toll - like receptors , nod - like receptors , c - type lectin receptors , and rig - i - like receptors .
they are key sensors for a number of infectious agents , some of which are oncogenic , and they launch an immune response against them , normally pr... |
the xingu indigenous park was created in 1961 and occupies 2.9 million acres of the amazon region in the state of mato grosso ( 10 ) . in 2011
the sobradinho indian settlement is located in the far northern region of mato grosso ( 111530s , 534453w ) , and the settlement is part of the xingu indigenous park ( figure ... | an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the sobradinho indian settlement of the kayab ethnic group in northern mato grosso during december 2009january 2010 .
we conducted a retrospective study to clarify the outbreak s epidemiologic and clinical characteristics .
results suggest a relationship betw... |
cancer research like all life sciences has developed in the tension between nothing - buttery and morethanism : the reductionistic paradigm rests on the hypothesis that every living organism is nothing but physical and chemical reactions and can be fully explained by interactions of its parts , while the holistic p... | somatic mutation theory of cancer has directed cancer research during the last century .
a deluge of information on cellular , molecular , and genetic behavior was uncovered , but so was a mind - numbing complexity that still challenges research and concepts , and expectations in the war on cancer have by and large n... |
active - site directed probes are powerful in studies of
enzymatic
function .
we report an active - site directed probe based on a warhead
so far considered unreactive . by replacing the c - terminal carboxylate
of ubiquitin ( ub ) with an alkyne functionality ,
a selective reaction
with the active - site... | |
the superiorly based pedicled transverse rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap ( tram ) has assumed its vital place as a tool among the various methods for immediate or delayed post mastectomy reconstruction .
skin necrosis after reconstruction using pedicled deep superior epigastric vessels is still a common complicati... | laparoscopic ligation of the deep and superficial inferior epigastric vessels was done for ten mastectomized patients who elected to have autogenous reconstruction of their breast .
all these patients had at least one indication for the delay which included obesity , smoking , or requirement of a large volume of tiss... |
it has been well documented that nursing students across the world experience stress and anxiety throughout their education and training [ 17 ] .
issues that contribute to their stress and anxiety include academic challenges , clinical challenges , technological advances , financial concerns , interpersonal difficult... | purpose . it has been well documented that nursing students across the world experience stress and anxiety throughout their education and training .
the purpose of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the impact of biofeedback intervention program on nursing students ' levels of stress and anxiety durin... |
a 24-year - old woman was referred to our center at 28 weeks gestationbecause of suspected fetal cardiac anomalies .
we echocardiographically diagnosed cctga and additional cardiac anomalies in utero at 28 weeks gestation ( gravida : 3 para : 2 ) .
associated cardiac lesions includedventricular septal defect , mild... | the prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries ( cctga ) , a rare form of congenital heart disease is very difficult .
a24-year - old woman was referred to our center at 28 weeks gestationbecause of suspected fetal cardiac anomalies .
we report a case of cctga with ... |
other articles have described study methodology in depth . to summarize , this phase iii trial had two treatment phases : an induction phase of four cycles of pemetrexed ( intravenously [ iv ] , 500 mg / m ) and cisplatin ( iv , 75 mg / m ) administered on day 1 of a 21-day cycle and a maintenance phase in which eligib... | introduction : the paramount phase iii trial demonstrated that pemetrexed continuation maintenance significantly reduced the risk of disease progression ( hazard ratio = 0.62 ) and death ( hazard ratio = 0.78 ) versus placebo in patients with advanced nonsquamous non small - cell lung cancer . to further understand th... |
small cell carcinomas are most commonly seen in the lung , but rare cases of extrapulmonary sites have also been reported and include : the esophagus , larynx , nasal cavity , gastrointestinal tract , uterine cervix , bladder , and breast1 , 2 ) .
small cell carcinoma of the kidney is an uncommon and reportedly a ver... | up to 5% of all small cell carcinomas develop at extrapulmonary sites .
primary small cell carcinomas originating in the kidney are extremely rare neoplasms . here
we report a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the kidney .
a nephrectomy was performed on a 52-year - old female patient to remove a large tumor... |
abortion is defined as the expulsion of the accessories of the embryo or those of fetus weighing less than 500 from the uterus cavity before the twentieth week of the pregnancy .
it has been clearly shown that -hcg and progesterone have a prognostic value in differentiating spontaneous abortions from the normal pregn... | objective . to investigate serum levels of free -hcg , progesterone , and ischemia - modified albumin ( i m a ) and their combined use in the prediction of first trimester abortions
. methods .
a total of 156 pregnant women between 5 and 13 weeks of gestational age were included in this study . at admission , serum... |
intracytoplasmic sperm injection ( icsi ) has emerged as an ideal tool for the treatment of severe male infertility .
previous studies have confirmed that a viable spermatozoon is the prerequisite for initiating fertilization in cases of icsi .
it was reported that icsi using completely immotile spermatozoa usually... | the aim of this study was to report a successful pregnancy using completely immotile frozen - thawed spermatozoa selected by laser .
a single laser shot was used to detect the presence of viable immotile spermatozoa in fresh and frozen - thawed testicular spermatozoa .
the viability rate was 55.8% after the laser d... |
we present a case of foreign body granuloma on the eyelids secondary to cosmetic filler injection on the forehead , which developed several years after the injection .
filler migration and the clinical significance and microscopic features of granuloma lesions are also discussed .
written informed consent was obtai... | a 72-year - old taiwanese woman had the history of cosmetic cryopreserved autologous fat injection on her forehead ~21 years ago and was referred to our oculoplastic clinic and presented with multiple painless mass , which she had for 4 years , on both upper eyelids .
histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of foreign... |
parasites : blood infected with b. bovis ( shannxian ) , a
kind gift from the lanzhou veterinary research institute , was inoculated into a
splenectomized cattle immunosuppressed by dexamethasone injection .
when parasitemia reached
5% , the animal was bled and the infected blood was cryopreserved in liquid nit... | abstractthe
1-deoxy - d - xylulose-5-phosphate synthase ( dxs ) enzyme has been characterized in other
species , but not in the genus babesia , which causes major losses in the
livestock industries worldwide .
therefore , we isolated , cloned and expressed the wild - type
b. bovis dxs cdna in escherichia coli... |
cat scratch colon is a rare colonoscopic finding first described by mcdonnell et al.1 in 2007 and is defined as bright , erythematous linear breaks that arise spontaneously and resemble scratches made by a cat .
sometimes , bright red linear markings with extravasations of fresh blood are seen in the cecum and ascend... | " cat scratch colon " is a gross finding characterized by hemorrhagic mucosal scratches on colonoscopy . it is usually associated with a normal colon and
is rarely associated with collagenous colitis . in a previous report , cat scratch colon was noted in the cecum and ascending colon , but has also been observed in ... |
although much discussion has centered around the appropriate technique for performing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding ( lagb ) and has led to modifications to reduce postoperative complications , less information is available regarding the ideal method for postoperative management of the band .
they range fro... | background : laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has led to variable weight loss results in the united states .
we believe a patient - driven , fluoroscopically guided method of band adjustments results in the most successful weight loss.methods:between november 2001 and october 2003 , 248 patients underwent lapa... |
the chosen treatment option may depend on socioeconomic and cultural factors and also on sick persons perceived susceptibility and seriousness of the disease ( 1 , 2 ) . self medication as one of the common selected choices ( 3 ) is defined as a self designated practice of using synthetic or hand - made drugs or follow... | abstractbackgroundself - medication with over the counter ( otc ) and non otc drugs may provoke serious consequences for users and societies .
recognition of its predictors therefore , is pivotal in plans to hinder the aggregating behavior .
this study aimed to identify possibly all predictors of self - medication ... |
basal cell carcinoma ( bcc ) is the most common cutaneous malignancy and accounts for approximately 80 percent of all nonmelanoma skin cancers .
exposure to ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor associated with the development of bccs , although they have also been found to occur less frequently... | backgroundbasal cell carcinomas ( bccs ) usually occur in sun - exposed areas
. however , they may also occur albeit infrequently in unusual locations , such as the nipple - areola complex.methodsusing the pubmed database , an extensive literature search was performed for the following keywords : areola , basal cel... |
the increasing demand for precise and well - looking dental restorations has led to development and employment of new materials and techniques for tooth restoration or replacement .
high - strength ceramic materials for core construction necessitate the use of grinding mechanisms to fabricate desired structures .
t... | objectives : this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different ceramic surface treatments after machining grinding on the biaxial flexural strength ( bfs ) of machinable dental ceramics with different crystalline phases.materials and methods : disk - shape specimens ( 10 mm in diameter and 1.3 mm in thickness ) of m... |
belowground herbivores can cause substantial damage to plant roots , which in many cases has a more severe impact on plant fitness than shoot damage ( gerber et al .
. nevertheless , interactions between belowground herbivores and their hosts have been much less - studied than those of their aboveground counterparts ... | root herbivores are notoriously difficult to study , as they feed hidden in the soil .
however , root herbivores may be traced by analyzing specific volatile organic compounds ( vocs ) that are produced by damaged roots .
these vocs not only support parasitoids in the localization of their host , but also may help ... |
surgical treatment of coag can be very effective in reducing iop ; however success ratios are still not optimal .
trabeculectomy is the most frequently performed filtering procedure and many variants have been developed , but they often face failure due to conjunctival or scleral fibrosis .
peroperative application... | purpose .
we describe a modified trabeculectomy technique in which the iris is used to prevent fibrosis of the scleral flap .
material and methods .
a retrospective case series of patients with medically uncontrolled open angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy . instead of performing a classical iridectomy ,
t... |
they are used in a multitude of electrochemical devices such as batteries , fuel cells , super capacitors , and electrochromic smart windows [ 15 ] .
blending of polymers is an economical technique to develop new polymeric materials with properties that are superior , intermediate , or just different from those of in... | a solid polymer electrolyte system based on poly(vinyl alcohol ) ( pva ) and poly(3,4-etylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate ) ( pedot : pss ) complexed with magnesium bromide ( mgbr2 ) salt was prepared using solution cast technique .
the ionic conductivity is observed to increase with increasing mgbr2 concent... |
endodontically treated teeth are generally weakened as a result of loss of tooth structure due to decay , previous restorative procedures and endodontic access preparation . further destruction of these teeth can be prevented by a protective restoration .
post and core system is a widely used method for treatment of ... | objective : to compare stress distribution in a tooth restored with metal and fiber posts of varying diameters ( 1.2 and 1.4 mm ) by means of three - dimensional finite element analysis ( 3d - fea).materials and methods : four 3d - fea models were constructed : ( 1 ) fiber post ( 1.2 and 1.4 mm ) and ( 2 ) metal post (... |
the definition of brain death is " complete irreversible cessation of all brain functions , including the brainstem " but the diagnostic criteria of brain death vary widely among countries ( 1 - 6 ) . on the other hand , the diagnosis of brain death becomes more and more important because the demand for organs for tran... | objectiveto demonstrate the usefulness of 3-tesla ( 3 t ) magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) including t2-weighted imaging ( t2wi ) , diffusion weighted imaging ( dwi ) , time - of - flight ( tof ) magnetic resonance angiography ( mra ) , t2 * -weighted gradient recalled echo ( gre ) , and susceptibility weighted imagi... |
interleukin-17 ( il-17 ) is the founding member of a new cytokine family that has recently gained prominence due to its involvement in autoimmune and allergic diseases in both human and mouse .
il-17 family consists of 6 members including il-17 ( also called il-17a ) , il-17b , il-17c , il-17d , il-17e ( also called ... | summarybackgroundtumor growth in multiple myeloma ( mm ) is regulated by the cytokine networks which are produced by myeloma cells and the microenvironment of the bone marrow .
interleukin-17 ( il-17 ) is implicated in the increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of mm .
recent studies reported elevated levels of ... |
its prevalence increases steadily and reaches epidemic magnitude.1 the international diabetes federation ( idf ) has been assessing diabetes prevalence in 216 countries and regions every 3 years since the year 2000 , thus regularly updating the information and extrapolating its trends .
these data help to predict the... | aimthe aim of this study was to compare two nationwide cross - sectional studies of diabetes prevalence in bulgaria ( 2006 and 2012 ) and to assess its dynamics.material and methodsthe two studies included 2396 and 2033 subjects , respectively .
the international diabetes federation ( idf ) diagnostic criteria were a... |
a 59-year - old chinese man was admitted on march 24 , 2003 , to the singapore general hospital .
he had previously been hospitalized in tan tock seng hospital , the hospital in which the first sars outbreak in singapore occurred ( 6 ) , from march 5 to march 20 for diabetic nephropathy .
the patient had multiple c... | we describe a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome ( sars ) whose clinical symptoms were masked by escherichia coli bacteremia .
sars developed in a cluster of healthcare workers who had contact with this patient .
sars was diagnosed when a chest infiltrate developed and when the patient s brother was hos... |
this study was conducted in the hospital of pointe - - pitre ( 1,100 beds ) , a tertiary referral center for guadeloupe and neighboring islands .
all consecutive patients hospitalized from january 2003 and through december 2004 with confirmed leptospirosis were included ; patients admitted to guadeloupe s other hosp... | we evaluated prognostic factors for leptospirosis in 168 consecutive hospitalized patients in guadeloupe .
factors independently associated with severity included chronic hypertension or chronic alcoholism , late initiation of antibacterial therapy , abnormal chest auscultation results , icterus , oligoanuria , disor... |
osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease that commonly occurs in women as they age , leading to a reduction in bone mass and quality,13 and ultimately increased susceptibility to bone fractures .
it is a disorder associated with significant fracture - related morbidity in elderly postmenopausal women , includin... | backgroundthe objective of this study was to estimate the cost - effectiveness of denosumab for fracture prevention compared with no treatment , generic bisphosphonates , and strontium ranelate in a cohort of osteoporotic postmenopausal women in spain.methodsa markov model represented the possible health state transiti... |
in the recent decades , a considerable decline has been reported in prevalence of dental caries especially in developed countries , which is mainly due to the widespread use of fluoride products systemically or topically [ 1 , 2 ] . according to the center for disease control
the laboratory and epidemiologic research... | objectives : this study aimed to assess the self - reported knowledge and attitude of dentists towards fluoride prescription.materials and methods : a questionnaire survey was conducted at the national annual dental congress in 2010 in tehran - iran .
dentists level of knowledge about the preventive effects of system... |
the liquid crystalline phase consisting of the potassium salt of the dinucleotide d(gpg ) is compatible with detergents commonly used for solubilizing membrane proteins , including dodecylphosphocholine , the lysolipid 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy - sn - glycero-3-phosphocholine , and small bicelles consisting of dihexanoyl p... | |
we investigated the cross - sectional and longitudinal relationships between chronic exposure to lead and physical growth among a cohort of children reassessed 13 years after initial examination .
we measured weight , height , and dentin lead levels of 270 children in 1975 - 78 . in 1989 - 1990
we reexamined 79 of ... | |
hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world and its incidence is increasing.1 but , hcc is usually found in advanced stages and often associated with other comorbidities , making curative therapies only be applicable to less than 30 - 40% of the patients.2 in hcc patients who can n... | necrotizing pancreatitis is one of the rare complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization ( tace ) .
necrotizing pancreatitis after tace may result from the development of ischemia caused by regurgitation of embolic materials into the vessels supplying the pancreas .
we report a case of post - tace necr... |
a polarized cell has a single axis of asymmetry , which can be thought of as apical and basal ( illustrated in figure 1a ) or front and rear ( figure 1b ) .
this asymmetry encompasses a variety of cellular morphologies that can differ among cell types in a single organism , as well as within a single - celled... | cell polarity is important for a number of processes , from chemotaxis to embryogenesis .
recent studies suggest a new role for polarity in the orchestration of events during the final cell separation step of cell division called abscission .
abscission shares several features with cell polarization , including rea... |
craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign epithelial tumors , but their ophthalmological , neurological , and endocrine consequences are very severe
hormone replacement can raise some issues because of possible volume increase and/or tumor recurrence risks under growth hormone ( gh ) or estrogens ( e2 ) and/or pro... | craniopharyngiomas are rare embryonic tumors with low grade of malignancy that arise in supra - or intra - sellar areas with severe ophthalmological , neurological , and endocrine damages . among pituitary deficits , somatotroph and gonadotroph deficiencies are the most challenging because of potential increased risk o... |
fatigue sensation is an indispensable bio - alarm to avoid the exhaustive state caused by overwork or stresses , which may also induce a variety of diseases . therefore , to avoid the exhaustive state , it is important to understand the neural mechanism of fatigue sensation .
in addition , to develop the quantifica... | fatigue is an indispensable bioalarm to avoid exhaustive state caused by overwork or stresses .
it is necessary to elucidate the neural mechanism of fatigue sensation for managing fatigue properly .
we performed h2 15o positron emission tomography scans to indicate neural activations while subjects were performing ... |
laparoscopy is a relatively safe procedure , but complications do occur . a giant parietal wall hematoma is a rare presentation of trocar insertion - related injury . bleeding from insertion sites has been reported and can happen with any procedure .
we report a patient who presented with a giant parietal wall hemato... | laparoscopic appendectomy is an established procedure in the treatment of appendicitis
. complications of the procedure are related to the veress needle and trocar insertions or pertain to actual operative procedures .
trocar - related major bleeding is rare , and , if it occurs , is detected on the table or during... |
many new patients , generally young ( in their 30 's ) and after a recent pregnancy , come to the plastic surgeon to restore their breasts to previous firm appearances and restoration without any scar .
this seems logical for patients coming with moderate ptosis and wishing to have breast augmentation as well or at l... | background : periareolar augmentation mastopexy is one of the most demanded operations at plastic surgery clinics . nevertheless , it is one of the leads of malpractice claims in united states caused by the high patient expectations and the standard surgical techniques which may result in common complications .
the a... |
star fruit ( averrhoa carambola ) [ figure 1a and b ] , a member of oxalidaceae family , is popular in many tropical and subtropical countries , and its consumption is high in asia , central america , and tropical west africa . in india , it is recognized as kamrakh in hindi and kordoi in assamese .
the plant grows p... | starfruit ( averrhoa carambola ) and its juice are popular in the indian subcontinent as an indigenous medicine .
oxalate concentration in this fruit and it 's freshly prepared juice is very high .
we present a report of patients presenting with acute kidney injury due to oxalate nephropathy admitted in a single ce... |
road - salt runoff poses an increasing threat to aquatic ecosystems that are influenced by urban land use and transportation corridors .
four broad issues suggest that road - salt runoff is a serious and increasing threat to the nation s receiving waters .
first , there is a multitude of historical evidence documen... | a new perspective on the severity of aquatic toxicity impact of road salt was gained by a focused research effort directed at winter runoff periods .
dramatic impacts were observed on local , regional , and national scales .
locally , samples from 7 of 13 milwaukee , wisconsin area streams exhibited toxicity in cer... |
a new and general
strategy for the synthesis of sequence - defined
polymers is described that employs relay metathesis to promote the
ring opening polymerization of unstrained macrocyclic structures .
central to this approach is the development of a small molecule
polymerization
trigger which when coupled ... | |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40266 - 016 - 0408 - 8 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
prescriptions classed as inappropriate on the basis of impaired renal function is prevalent among older people with cognitive impairment and dementia.impaired renal fun... | backgroundolder people are more sensitive to drugs and adverse drug reactions than younger people because of age - related physiological changes such as impaired renal function . as people with dementia
are particularly vulnerable to the effects of drugs , it is especially important to evaluate the dosages of renally... |
estimating the carcinogenic potential of exposure to diesel - engine exhaust particulates ( deps ) is problematic . in rats ,
high concentrations of deps ( > 1,000 microg / m(3 ) ) inhaled over a lifetime result in excess lung tumors .
however , data for rats exposed to dep at concentrations not associated with lun... | |
during pregnancy , women have a four- to five - fold increased risk of thromboembolism compared with women who are not pregnant.1,2 eighty percent of thromboembolic events in pregnancy are venous,3 with an absolute risk of venous thromboembolism ( vte ) during pregnancy of between 0.5 and 2.0 per 1000 women.39 the most... | objectivethe aims of the study reported here were to provide data from six pregnant subjects who were enrolled in a clinical trial of antithrombin ( at ) concentrate , discuss other published case series and case reports , and provide general guidance for the use of at concentrate for inherited at deficiency in pregnan... |
the mobile insert was introduced because it is believed to reduce polyethylene wear , to reduce interface stresses at the tibial plateau , and to improve kinematics by increasing range of motion ( rom ) and facilitating axial rotation .
the possible disadvantages of the mobile insert are dislocation and increased ... | purposethe primary goal of this study was to assess the difference in active flexion between patients with a mobile versus a fixed bearing , cruciate retaining , and total knee arthroplasty .
the study was designed as a randomised controlled multi - centre trial.methodsparticipants were assigned to interventions by u... |
out of 10 million cancer survivors alive in the united states today , at least 270,000 were diagnosed when they were under the age of 21 1 . with the advancement of cancer treatment over the past few decades ,
new interest focuses on late effects , chronic and progressive conditions associated with successful compl... | objective : with the survival rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( all ) surpassing 90 percent within this decade , new research is emerging in the field of late effects .
a review of the research investigating the relationship of treatment regimens for all to specific late effect deficits , underlying mechanisms ,... |
virus capsids are
protein shells that package the viral genome .
although their morphology and biological functions can vary markedly ,
capsids often play critical roles in regulating viral infection pathways .
a detailed knowledge of virus capsids , including their dynamic structure ,
interactions with cellu... | |
tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf ) antagonists are an effective treatment for a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases , and they are commonly administered to patients with rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) , ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis . however , in some cases , treatment with tnf antagonists i... | we report the case of a 64-year - old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and bilateral visual deterioration .
the patient had been treated with certolizumab , a new tumor necrosis factor alpha ( tnf ) antagonist , and her findings were consistent with bilateral uveitis , suggestive of sarcoidosis . here , we review the ... |
the organic anion transporting polypeptides ( oatps ) are a family of membrane transport proteins capable of transporting an array of structurally diverse endogenous and xenobiotic compounds [ 13 ] .
the proteins are expressed in a variety of tissues , including absorptive / excretory cells of the liver and kidney , ... | the organic anion transporting polypeptides ( oatps ) encompass a family of membrane transport proteins responsible for the uptake of xenobiotic compounds .
human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1b1 ( oatp1b1 ) mediates the uptake of clinically relevant compounds such as statins and chemotherapeutic agents int... |
emerging evidence has indicated that cancer is a genomic disease caused by diverse alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors associated with oncogenic signaling pathways ( garraway et al . , 2013 ) .
recent advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies have elucidated the mutational landscape of several ... | cancer is a heterogeneous disease caused by diverse genomic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes . despite recent advances in high - throughput sequencing technologies and development of targeted therapies ,
novel cancer drug development is limited due to the high attrition rate from clinical studies .... |
this study was based on a nationwide open cohort of girls and women aged 10 to 44 years living in sweden between january 1 , 2006 , and december 31 , 2010 . to assess effectiveness against incident gw , all individuals with a gw before individual follow - up ( n = 15 656 )
individuals were censored at time of death (... | backgroundincidence of condyloma , or genital warts ( gw ) , is the earliest possible disease outcome to measure when assessing the effectiveness of human papillomavirus ( hpv ) vaccination strategies .
efficacy trials that follow prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria may not be fully generalizable to real - ... |
more than a century of allergology has been dedicated to the discovery of allergenic sources that cause ige - mediated diseases .
this has involved a step - by - step process moving from identification of raw material causing allergic reactions ( i.e. house dust ) to organisms and tissues as triggers ( i.e. pollen , ... | since the early beginning of allergology as a science considerable efforts have been made by clinicians and researchers to identify and characterize allergic triggers as raw allergenic materials , allergenic sources and tissues , and more recently basic allergenic structures defined as molecules .
the last 1520 years... |
nonsmall cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) remains a leading cause of death worldwide among patients diagnosed with malignancy . despite new chemotherapy regimens and new cytotoxic combinations investigated in multiple randomized clinical trials in recent years
the five - year survival rate for all patients diagnosed with n... | targeting intracellular signaling molecules is an attractive approach for treatment of malignancies .
in particular lung cancer has reached a plateau regarding overall survival , and target therapies could offer the possibility to improve patients ' outcome beyond cytotoxic activity .
the goal for target therapies ... |
hyper - stretching
of the lateral collateral ligament of the ankle often occurs while descending stairs and
landing incorrectly on the foot .
this leads to pain and swelling , which interferes with
activities of daily living1,2,3 .
the tibialis
anterior ( ta ) and peroneus longus and brevis ( pl and pb ) mu... | [ purpose ] this study examined the effects of a medio - lateral unstable sole on invertor
and evertor activation while descending stairs . [ subjects and methods ] the subjects were
30 university students with no history of ankle sprain .
they descended stairs while
wearing the medio - lateral unstable sole or... |
friction is the force that resists against the movement of one surface in relation to another and that acts on the opposite direction of the desired movement .
this frictional force is always parallel to the surfaces that are in contact and its magnitude is dependent upon the amount of the normal force pushing the tw... | objectives : frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement during sliding mechanics .
this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different bracket - archwire - ligation combinations on resistance to sliding during simulated canine retraction on typodont model.materials a... |
lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia , is the rarest and usually the most severe form of adrenal steroidogenic defect , which may presents as infantile cholestasis .
here we present a 45 days old infant who came to our attention with cholestasis and severe intractable vomiting and electrolyte disturbances .
congen... | backgroundlipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia , is the rarest and usually the most severe form of adrenal steroidogenic defect , which may presents as infantile cholestasis.case presentationhere we present a 45 days old infant who came to our attention with cholestasis and severe intractable vomiting and electrolyte ... |
esophageal melanosis was described for the first time in 1963 by de la pava and its prevelance was reported to be 4% in autopsy series .
esophageal melanosis which is characterized by melanocytic proliferation in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus and melanin accumulatin of esophageal mucosa ( em ) is a rare a ... | esophageal melanosis which is characterized by melanocytic proliferation in the squamous epithelium of the esophagus and melanin accumulatin of esophageal mucosa ( em ) is a rare disease of the digestive system .
although esophageal melanosis is considered to be a benign disease , its etiology is not cleared and has ... |
adolescence has been defined by the world health organization as the period of life spanning the ages between 10 and 19 years . since decades , a female from birth till death has been a neglected segment of population .
health of the girls of today will affect the health and survival of the future generation .
adol... | background : the adolescent girls are more vulnerable , particularly in developing countries including india , due to various adverse socio - cultural and economic reasons .
majority of the health problems affecting adolescent girls are preventable by promotion of hygienic practices through proper health education by... |
the cardiac rhythm is regulated or modulated by sympathovagal balance . heart rate variability ( hrv )
is a commonly used noninvasive measurement of cardiac autonomic modulation ( cam ) [ 16 ] .
several studies in patients have shown that lower hrv calculated from short - term normal rr intervals was a strong and i... | objectivesto examine the circadian pattern of cardiac autonomic modulation ( cam ) and its attributes in general population.methodswe obtained 24-h beat - to - beat rr data using a high resolution 12-lead holter ecg in a community - dwelling sample of 115 non - smokers .
we performed heart rate variability ( hrv ) an... |
lipoma is a thinly encapsulated benign tumour of mesenchymal origin and is found within parts of the body where fat is normally present . accounting for 0.15% of all benign tumours , lipomas may occur either as single or multiple entities .
, lipomas tend to arise mainly in the posterior cervical triangle and forehea... | lipoma of the parotid gland is a rare entity .
trauma with soft tissue haematoma formation and subsequent lymphatic effusion , fat necrosis and lipoma formation have been postulated as an aetiological pathway .
we report a case of a post - traumatic lipoma of the parotid gland to add to the available literature on ... |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00239 - 008 - 9111 - 7 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
collagen is the most abundant protein as measured by the total mass present in humans ( di lullo et al .
fibrillar collagen is highly organized at critical mechanica... | two competing effects at two vastly different scales may explain collagen s current translation length .
the necessity to have long molecules for maintaining mechanical integrity at the organism and supraorganism scales may be limited by the need to have small molecules capable of robust self - assembly at the nanosc... |
neurofibromatosis type 1 ( nf1 , also known as von recklinghausen disease ) is one of the most common autosomal - dominant genetic disorders with many associated ocular findings / disorders , most typically lisch nodules , retinal / choroidal hamartomas , congenital glaucoma , and optic pathway gliomas [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] . ... | we report a case of a 38-year - old man who presented with a recently self - detected lump under his left eyebrow . previous ophthalmological history was unremarkable except for unilateral high myopia ( left eye ) since childhood .
the appearance of the left eye was seemingly normal ; however , with the top lid pulle... |
a 65-year - old man with chronic depression and diabetes mellitus of 25 years and 15 years duration , respectively , presented to us with decrease in vision in both eyes .
he was on insulin injections for diabetes mellitus and oral imipramine ( 25 mg twice daily ) for depression over the previous 25 years .
preoper... | intraoperative floppy iris syndrome ( ifis ) has commonly been seen with long - term use of 1-adrenoceptor blocking agents .
we observed ifis in three patients during phacoemulsification due to oral imipramine therapy .
the three patients took imipramine for 25 years , 10 months and 1 year , respectively .
howeve... |
infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) is a positive sense single - stranded rna virus , belonging to the genus coronavirus , group 3 ( gamma coronaviruses ) .
infectious bronchitis virus is not only an important pathogen of the respiratory system , but also can be nephropathogenic and cause infection of the reproductiv... | infectious bronchitis virus ( ibv ) is a very dynamic and evolving virus , causing major economic losses to the global poultry industry . in early 2011
, respiratory disease outbreaks were investigated in iraq , jordan , and saudi arabia .
five ibv isolates ( joa2 , joa4 , saudi-1 , saudi-2 , and iraqi ibv ) were d... |
the aging of japan shows no sign of slowing down . the statistics bureau of the japanese
ministry of internal affairs and communications estimates that there are 31,898,000 elderly
people aged 65 years old or older ( final estimate based on the preliminary count as of
october 2013 ) , accounting for 25.1% of jap... | [ purpose ] this study explored the roles of physical therapists ( pts ) in introducing
assistive products , which are essential for living securely and stably at home , and
examined how pts can fulfill these roles more efficiently and effectively . [ subjects and
methods ] a questionnaire on introducing assistiv... |
study area - the ar is the southern region of mainland portugal (
figure ) .
it has an area of 5,412 km
with 451,005 permanent inhabitants and incorporates 16 counties
( inc 2011 ) .
figs (
ficus carica ) , almonds ( prunus amygdalus ) ,
oranges ( citrus sinensis ) , carobs ( ceratonia
siliqua ) , stra... | the algarve region ( ar ) in southern portugal , which is an
international tourist destination , has been considered an endemic region of
zoonotic leishmaniasis caused by leishmania infantum since the
1980s . in the present study ,
phlebotomine and canine surveys were conducted to
identify sandfly blood meal ... |
apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) was first discovered in 1970s and identified as a component of triglyceride - rich lipoprotein complexes . since then
, apoe has been widely studied in lipid metabolism , cardiovascular diseases , and neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and parkinson disease ( p... | apolipoprotein e ( apoe ) is a multifunctional glycosylated protein characterized by its wide tissue distribution . despite its importance in lipid transport and atherosclerosis pathogenesis
, apoe is associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) and parkinson disease , and autoimmun... |
dynamic organization of protein - protein interactions in signaling networks is essential to coordinate cellular functions in response to extrinsic and intrinsic signals .
affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry ( ap - ms ) has been the method of choice to identify protein - protein interactions and prot... | summaryspatiotemporal organization of protein interactions in cell signaling is a fundamental process that drives cellular functions . given differential protein expression across tissues and developmental stages , the architecture and dynamics of signaling interaction proteomes is , likely , highly context dependent .... |
they are the most common cause of severe long - term pain and physical disability , and affect hundreds of millions of people s quality of life all around the world .
osteoarthritis ( oa ) , a progressive , degenerative disease of the ( articular ) joints ( hips , knees , neck , lower back , or small joints of the ha... | objective : one of the early hallmarks of osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage
. early diagnosis of oa - associated cartilage alterations would be beneficial for disease prevention and control , and for the development of disease - modifying treatments .
however , early dia... |
protein dynamics plays
an essential role in many biophysical / biochemical
processes in living organisms , like excitation energy and electron
transfer in photosynthesis and in catalysis . in photosynthesis
, proteins tune the optical
properties of the pigments and dissipate the excess energy of electronic
... | a theory for the calculation of resonant
and nonresonant hole - burning
( hb ) spectra of pigment protein complexes is presented and
applied to the water - soluble chlorophyll - binding protein ( wscp ) from
cauliflower .
the theory is based on a non - markovian line shape theory
( renger and marcusj .
c... |
dry eye disease is one of the most common public health problems in the field of ophthalmology that causes decreased physical , psychological , social and occupational functioning , and interferes with daily activities like reading , driving , computer work and watching tv .
the effect of this disease on quality of l... | background : dry eye disease is one of the most common public health problems in the field of ophthalmology that causes decreased physical , psychological , social and occupational functioning , and interferes with daily activities like reading , driving , computer work and watching tv .
the effect of this disease on... |
spinal tuberculosis ( tb ) is one of the oldest human diseases ; it has been found in egyptian mummies dating back 5000 years ; the first case of spinal tb was described by percival pott in 1779.1,2 in the developing countries , spinal tb is one of the primary causes of spinal deformity and paralysis . according to the... | spinal tuberculosis ( tb ) is a significant form of tb , causing spinal deformity and paralysis .
early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for avoiding multivertebral destruction and are critical for improving outcomes in spinal tb .
we believe that appropriate treatment method should be implemented at the early s... |
. therefore early detection of hypoglycemia in infants at risk is of utmost value to prevent the sequelae arising from neonatal hypoglycemia .
various factors influence newborn blood glucose concentrations even in healthy term newborns , such as birth weight , gestational age , presence or absence of disease , perina... | hypoglycemia is one of the common metabolic problems in neonatal medicine .
there is association between blood glucose levels and neurological development .
the study involved 100 mothers and neonates blood glucose levels were measured using a standard glucometer in mother delivering babies within half an hour of d... |
fragile x syndrome ( fxs ) is the most common heritable form of intellectual disability ( i d ) known .
characteristic physical features include large and prominent ears , long narrow face , macroorchidism , high - arched palate , hyperextensible finger joints , double - jointed thumbs , single palmar crease , flat f... | many studies have focused on the behavior and cognitive problems in young patients with fragile x syndrome ( fxs ) , but there are no studies about the problems in aging for those with fxs .
the discovery of the fragile x - associated tremor ataxia syndrome ( fxtas ) , a neurodegenerative disorder related to elevated... |
the world health organization ( who ) defines participation restriction ( pr ) , a key feature of the revised international classification of functioning , disability and health ( icf ) , as problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations , and it reflects the negative consequences of health... | community participation may be especially important for older adults , who are often at risk for unwanted declines in participation .
we estimated the prevalence of community participation restriction ( pr ) due to perceived environmental barriers among older adults ( 50 years ) and compared the impact among those wi... |
in this research project i investigated if and how the biblical topos of the compassionate god was received in the spirituality , theologies , ideologies and theories of nursing during the 1 through the 4 century of the common era ( ce ) and in the 19 and 20 centuries .
the topos of the compassionate god is one of se... | backgroundthe topos of the compassionate god is a dominant motive of the jewish and christian traditions .
it is relevant for nursing because it asks the nurse to imitate god so as to become god - like .
also , to think that god suffers with the suffering believers is thought to give comfort to them . because in th... |
systemic and local proinflammatory changes are in focus when investigating the pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes . in acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) ,
proinflammatory markers such as c - reactive protein ( crp ) , interleukins , or monocyte - chemoattractant protein ( mcp)-1 are el... | the intimate connection between coagulation and inflammation in the pathogenesis of vascular disease has moved more and more into focus of clinical research .
this paper focuses on the essential components of this interplay in the settings of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome .
tissue factor , the ... |
medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease ( gerd ) with h-2 blockers , antacids , and omeprazole is effective , but as many as 80% of patients managed medically relapse when omeprazole is stopped .
further , medical management is expensive , and many patients are now placed on lifetime maintenance doses o... | background : eighty percent of patients treated medically for gastroesophageal reflux disease relapse after treatment .
many of these patients require indefinite treatment with omeprazole to prevent recurrence .
nissen fundoplication has been shown to be effective , safe and cost effective in the management of gast... |
kounis syndrome ( ks ) is defined as the concurrence of acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) with conditions associated with mast cell activation relating to hypersensitivity .
the incidence of ks is not established due to lack of well - defined studies to record the events ; the available evidence is based on case series... | kounis syndrome is a clinical condition due to hypersensitivity that culminates into acute coronary syndrome ( acs ) which can be fatal . a 36-year - old male with no conventional coronary risk factors presented elsewhere with a history of fever for 4 days , cough with expectoration , diarrhea and was treated with ceph... |
initially described by dutch anatomist and physician herman boerhaave in 1724 during post - mortem examination performed on baron jan gerrit van wassenaer , grand admiral of the dutch fleet , spontaneous esophageal perforation or boerhaave syndrome ( bs ) is a very rare surgical emergency , most usually diagnosed in me... | spontaneous esophageal perforation ( boerhaave syndrome ) is a very uncommon , life - threatening surgical emergency that should be suspected in all patients presenting with lower thoracic - epigastric pain and a combination of gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms .
variable clinical manifestations and subtle or... |
degenerative aortic stenosis ( as ) is the most frequent cause among aortic valve stenotic changes .
mini sternotomy aortic valve replacement is a replacement of aortic valve through upper partial sternotomy .
the aim of this approach is to improve postoperative convalescence by leaving pleural spaces closed and do... | introduction : degenerative aortic stenosis ( as ) is the most frequent cause among aortic valve stenotic changes .
mini sternotomy aortic valve replacement is a replacement of aortic valve through upper partial sternotomy.aim:the aim of this approach is to improve postoperative convalescence by leaving pleural space... |
a hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage ( ich ) is generally solitary.15 ) ich occurrence accounts for 8 to 14% of all strokes in europe and the united states,3)5 ) but 20 to 35% of all strokes in asia.9)10)18 ) the occurrence of simultaneous multiple ichs is a rare clinical entity , with a prevalence rate of 1% to 4.7%... | a 35-year - old man presented with simultaneous multiple intracranial hematomas in the right cerebellar dentate nucleus and left basal ganglia .
the hematomas were visible by computed tomography performed within two hours of the patient 's arrival .
the initial computed tomography showed acute hemorrhage in the lef... |
gefitinib ( zd1839 , iressa ) is an orally administered , reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( tkis ) of epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) , belonging to the smallmolecule class ( quinazoline - derivative molecule ) .
the egfr family includes four different tyrosine kinase receptors : egfr ( erbb-1 ) , erbb... | gefitinib is an oral , reversible , tyrosine kinase inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr ) that plays a key role in the biology of non small cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) .
phase i studies indicated that the recommended dose of gefitinib was 250 mg / day .
rash , diarrhea , and nausea were the most co... |
the klotho gene , named from a greek goddess who spins the thread of life , was identified in 1997 as a gene mutated in the klotho mouse , which exhibited multiple disorders resembling human premature - aging syndrome .
it is expressed in a limited numbers of tissues , most notably in distal convoluted tubules of... | the klotho gene is expressed in a limited number of tissues , most notably in distal convoluted tubules in the kidney and choroid plexus in the brain .
a previous study suggested that klotho increases resistance to oxidative stress .
however , changes of klotho expression in high glucose - induced oxidative stress ... |
ranitidine , cimetidine , and famotidine are h2-antihistamines which are used quite often for the treatment of anaphylactic reactions . in the national study of us
emergency department visits for acute allergic reactions , h2-antihistamine prescriptions increased from 7% to 18% of visits from 1993 to 2004 .
h2-anti... | kounis syndrome is a condition that combines allergic , hypersensitivity , anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions with acute coronary syndromes including vasospastic angina , acute myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis .
this syndrome is a ubiquitous disease affecting patients of any age , involving numerous an... |
staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae are two common colonizers of the upper respiratory tract that may cause severe invasive disease , .
s. aureus is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections affecting individuals in the community and hospitals and also a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and... | staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae commonly colonize the upper respiratory tract and can cause invasive disease .
several studies suggest an inverse relationship between these two bacteria in the nasopharynx .
this association is of particular concern as the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate va... |
twenty years ago ( 1992 ) , a landmark institute of medicine ( iom ) report entitled emerging infections : microbial threats to health in the united states underscored the important but often underappreciated concept of emerging infectious diseases ( eids ) ( 1 ) .
although the iom report was influential in thrust... | abstracttwenty years ago ( 1992 ) , a landmark institute of medicine report entitled emerging infections : microbial threats to health in the united states underscored the important but often underappreciated concept of emerging infectious diseases ( eids ) .
a review of the progress made and setbacks experienced ... |
in this commentary , i present information and encourage further inquiry and dialogue regarding the separate but related concepts of sociocultural roles and sociocultural authority of chiropractic .
perhaps most importantly , i suggest that our fundamental underlying assumptions about the notion of sociocultural aut... | objectivethis commentary discusses the evolving sociocultural roles and sociocultural authority of chiropractic.discussionthe complex interconnectivity of the biological , psychological , and social aspects of our individual and collective well - being has occupied centuries of nature versus nurture philosophical deb... |
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