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eclampsia is an acute neurological complication of preeclampsia characterized by seizures and/or consciousness disorders which can not be related to another neurological disease . while in developed countries , eclampsia worsens in 12% cases of preeclampsia ; however , it is a real public health problem in developing...	the aim of this study was to identify the encephalic lesions in the eclampsia occurrences . within a period of 18 months , computed tomography ( ct ) of the brain was performed in all patients admitted in intensive care for eclampsia . these cts were analyzed and intracerebral lesions were identified . thirty - n...
nowadays , an increasing amount of gene expression data sets is available through public repositories ( e.g. , ncbi geo , arrayexpress ) , which might contain the necessary clues for the discovery of new findings , leading to the development of new treatments or therapies . it is one of the most recent challenges to ...	an increasing amount of microarray gene expression data sets is available through public repositories . their huge potential in making new findings is yet to be unlocked by making them available for large - scale analysis . in order to do so it is essential that independent studies designed for similar biological p...
	black lipid membranes ( blms ) are widely used for recording the activity of incorporated ion channel proteins . however , blms are inherently unstable structures that typically rupture within a few hours after formation . here , stabilized blms were formed using the polymerizable lipid bis - dienoyl phosphatidylcholin...
prostate carcinoma is one of the most common malignant diseases in men . in croatia , introduction of prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) testing and , particularly , transrectal ultrasound ( trus)-guided prostate biopsy have greatly improved the detection of prostate cancer . biopsy can be performed in different p...	purposethe primary objective was to assess whether transrectal ultrasound ( trus)-guided prostate biopsy in the left lateral decubitus ( lld ) position differed from the procedure in the lithotomy position regarding patients ' pain perception . the secondary objective was to assess the analgesic effect of intrarectal...
some autoimmune diseases can be considered a result of incomplete thymic negative selection or peripheral tolerance , resulting in the activation of t cells specific for autologous proteins . in evaluating these issues , we have been examining the chemistry of peptides selected by class ii mhc molecules during antigen ...	we have analyzed a panel of t cell hybridomas specific for the chemically dominant epitope of hen egg - white lysozyme 4861 which has asparagine 59 as an important t cell receptor contact residue . a number of t cells recognize 4861 with asparagine at position 59 , but not the aspartic acid or isoaspartic acid deriva...
reagents were of reagent grade and solvents were of hplc grade . tpc was purchased from porphyrin systems ( lbeck , germany ) and 10% palladium on charcoal was from aldrich ( st . tpp was synthesized by standard procedures from pyrrole and benzaldehyde and was metallated by refluxing it ( 2 mg in 15 ml of dry dimethy...	a number of new porphyrin - based photosensitizers have been developed for photodynamic therapy ( pdt ) in recent years . chlorins , which are a reduced form of porphyrins , show better potential of application since they have a stronger absorption band on the red region of the visible spectrum and , hence , a deeper...
recently , the health care community has recognised the importance of using qol measurement as an essential component of a treatment modality 's efficacy . at every stage of disease , treatment choices may involve modalities that differ in side effects and impact upon qol . quality - of - life assessment can be hel...	backgroundthis paper describes the development of a new quality of life instrument in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative care.methodsthe palliative care quality of life instrument incorporates six multi - item and one single - item scale . the questionnaire was completed at baseline and one - week after . ...
subjects were recruited by advertising in local newspapers in the area of erlangen - nrnberg , germany , and eligible subjects were enrolled consecutively in one of two subpopulations , according to their clinical characteristics . written informed consent was obtained prior to study inclusion . study protocols were ...	objectivethe barrier function of the glomerular filter has been studied for decades . albuminuria reflects a malfunction of this barrier , and in animals dysfunctional endothelial nitric - oxide ( no ) synthase results in albuminuria . we aimed to analyze the importance of no for the glomerular barrier function in ...
it is estimated that 80 million unexpected pregnancies yearly occur in the world of which 45 million end in abortion . in this direction , appropriate application of family planning is very helpful through reduction of mortality as a result of abortion , achievement to success in the promotion of maternal health , enha...	background : organizational and structural obstacles are a group of major obstacles in achievement of appropriate family planning counseling . detection of these obstacles from the viewpoint of managers , staffs and clients who are key members in health services providing system is a major step toward appropriate pla...
myosin binding protein c ( also known as c - protein : mybp - c ; cardiac isoform abbreviated : cmybp - c ) was discovered in 1973 ( offer et al . 1973 ) and is located on 79 stripes of 43 nm spacing in each half of the a - band ( cross bridge bearing zone , c - region ) of the sarcomere in skeletal and cardiac musc...	myosin binding protein c ( mybpc ) is a crucial component of the sarcomere and an important regulator of muscle function . while mutations in different myosin binding protein c ( mybpc ) genes are well known causes of various human diseases , such as hypertrophic ( hcm ) and dilated ( dcm ) forms of cardiomyopathy as...
current guidelines recommend that pregnant women be treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( haart ) regimens for prevention of perinatal transmission of hiv , even if therapy is not yet recommended for treatment of maternal hiv infection . these therapies are generally welltolerated during pregnancy and...	objective . to assess clinical progression and inflammatory markers among women stopping or continuing antiretroviral therapy ( art ) after pregnancy . methods . art - nave women with cd4 + lymphocyte counts > 350 cells / ul initiating art during pregnancy had clinical events and laboratory markers compared over ...
diabetic macular edema ( dme ) is one of the manifestations of diabetic retinopathy , which has an impact on central visual acuity . it is considered the main cause of visual loss and impairment in eyes with diabetic retinopathy.1,2 dme is characterized by the presence of exudation and accumulation of extracellular f...	purposethe purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept and ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema ( dme ) in eyes with moderate visual loss.patients and methodsthis study is a randomized prospective study . seventy eyes with dme were divided into two groups ( each con...
the avermectins and milbemycins , which are part of the macrocyclic lactones , are potent pesticides for cow , sheep , pigs , and horses . ivermectin ( ivm ) , doramectin ( dor ) , abamectin ( aba ) , and eprinomectin ( epm ) belong to the avermectin group , whereas mox is one of the milbemycins and derived from the ...	-cyclodextrins / acrylic acid modified magnetic gelatin was prepared and then employed as the magnetic solid - phase extraction ( mspe ) sorbent for extraction of moxidectin in milk samples . due to the rigidity of hydrophobic cavity of -cyclodextrins and carboxyl groups of acrylic acid , magnetic composites are prep...
the elements of lateral movement in the sitting position are included in many sitting activities of daily living ( adl ) . lateral movement in the sitting position requires that the load - side buttock holds pelvic inclination and that the opposite - side buttock is raised from the bearing surface . these movem...	[ purpose ] this study aimed to evaluate the kinematic characteristics at the start of lateral movement in the sitting position , for application in physical therapy . [ subjects and methods ] eleven healthy male subjects ( mean age , 24.8 3.7 years ) were included in the study after they provided informed co...
keratoconus is a bilateral , progressive , noninflammatory disease of the cornea which often leads to high myopia and astigmatism with an estimated prevalence of approximately 1 in 2000 . in the general population , the incidence of keratoconus is estimated to be between 50 and 230 per 100,000 [ 24 ] . it seems to ...	we evaluate the efficacy and safety of keraring 355 intrastromal corneal ring segment ( icrs ) implantation aided by pocketmaker microkeratome for the correction of keratoconus . patients underwent icrs insertion using mechanical dissection with pocketmaker microkeratome and completed 6 months of follow - up . unco...
the term cerebral palsy ( cp ) refers to permanent , mutable motor development disorders stemming from a primary brain lesion that causes secondary musculoskeletal disorders which limitations regarding activities of daily living1 . the prevalence of cp ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 among every 1,000 live births , with...	[ purpose ] the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a single session of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with virtual reality training on the balance of children with cerebral palsy . [ subjetcs and methods ] children with cerebral palsy between four and 12 years of age w...
most studies on the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions have been conducted in the developed world such the american , european and asian continents . since there are vast cultural , ethnic and geographical differences between the indian subcontinent and the countries on these continents , it would not be realistic to...	aim : the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and the relationship of oral mucosal lesions in tobacco users and denture wearers in a north indian population.materials and methods : the study comprised 3,749 patients attending the department of oral medicine and radiology , jodhpur dental college ge...
the ponto - caspian amphipod dikerogammarus villosus ( sowinsky , 1894 ) , also known as the killer shrimp , is recognized as one of the 100 worst alien species in europe . this invader has colonized most of the european main inland water bodies in less than 20 years [ 24 ] . the killer shrimp is an efficient , hi...	dikerogammarus villosus is a freshwater amphipod of the ponto - caspian origin recognized as one of the 100 worst alien species in europe , having negative impact on biodiversity and functioning of the invaded aquatic ecosystems . the species has a wide ecophysiological tolerance and during the last 20 years it has ...
antibody deficiency may be either primary or secondary , and the most common severe primary antibody deficiency ( pad ) is common variable immunodeficiency ( cvid ) , which accounts for the majority ( 57% ) of all symptomatic primary immunodeficiency ( pid ) cases on the european society for immunodeficiencies ( esid )...	summarycalculated globulin ( total protein albumin ) is usually tested as part of a liver function test profile in both primary and secondary care and determines the serum globulin concentration , of which immunoglobulins are a major component . the main use hitherto of calculated globulin is to detect paraproteins ...
a total of 284 poultry workers at 110 poultry farms throughout the campania region of italy were recruited into the study from december 2005 through march 2006 . the workers were interviewed confidentially in their workplace regarding demographics , work activity , knowledge of transmission and prevention of avian in...	we asked italian poultry workers about knowledge , attitudes , and practices regarding avian influenza . it was perceived to be a low occupational hazard , and wearing protective equipment and handwashing were not routine practices . knowledge of transmission and preventive measures should be improved . employers...
interest in developing new drugs for the treatment of acute heart failure ( ahf ) remains high and the past , present and future of diuretics , vasodilators and inotropes is source of debate and expectations . among these three drug therapies , while waiting for new promising drugs to be confirmed as serious players ...	levosimendan is an inodilator indicated for the short - term treatment of acutely decompensated severe chronic heart failure , and in situations where conventional therapy is not considered adequate . the principal pharmacological effects of levosimendan are ( a ) increased cardiac contractility by calcium sensitisat...
tinnitus is an unpleasant and often agonizing condition marked by the phantom perception of sound . according to recent epidemiological estimates , 25% of the us general populations are affected with one in three subjects reporting daily tinnitus ( shargorodsky et al . , 2010 ) . while there is evidence of a genetic ...	tinnitus is a common and often incapacitating hearing disorder marked by the perception of phantom sounds . susceptibility factors remain largely unknown but gabab receptor signaling has long been implicated in the response to treatment and , putatively , in the etiology of the disorder . we hypothesized that varia...
kidney cancer is the third most common genitourinary cancer.13 in europe , the standardized incidence ( to the world health organization world standard population ) is 8.8 per 100,000 , with a standardized incidence of 5.1 per 100,000 in women and 10.5 per 100,000 in men.3 in denmark , the number of new cases reported ...	objectivefor decades , kidney cancer patients in denmark have had lower survival than patients in the other scandinavian countries . our aim was to study possible changes in survival of patients with kidney cancer after implementation of two national danish cancer plans.study design and settingfrom 1998 through 2009 we...
unless otherwise indicated , chemicals were purchased from sigma - aldrich , while media and supplement for cell culture were from gibco - life technologies . wild - type human osteosarcoma u2os cells were obtained from the american type culture collection ( atcc ) and maintained in dulbecco modified essential medium...	although chemically non - reactive , inert noble gases may influence multiple physiological and pathological processes via hitherto uncharacterized physical effects . here we report a cell - based detection system for assessing the effects of pre - defined gas mixtures on the induction of apoptotic cell death . in th...
clinicians should have a good basic knowledge before performing any surgical procedure on a patient . it is difficult for practising gynaecologists and last year trainees to gain adequate experience in new laparoscopic surgical procedures . the traditional training programme is based on simple black box modules , c...	objective : to describe the postgraduate surgical skills training programme of the flemish society of obstetrics and gynaecology ( vvog * ) . laparoscopic surgical techniques and indications have increased substantially during the past two decades . from surgeons it is expected that they keep up with all techniques...
ion - selective electrode ( ise ) is the most routinely used method for electrolyte estimation in clinical laboratories . direct ise uses an undiluted sample to interact with ise membrane , and the devices based on indirect ise use preanalytical dilution . direct ise may use whole blood as in the case of an arteria...	objectiveto investigate whether benchtop auto - analyzers ( aas ) and arterial blood gas ( abg ) analyzers , for measuring electrolyte levels of patients admitted to intensive care units ( icu ) , are equal and whether they can be used interchangeably.materials and methodthis study was conducted on 98 patients admitted...
blepharospasm is a localized form of dystonia consisting of involuntary tonic and spasmodic contractions of the orbicularis oculi , corrugator supercilii , and procerus muscles , leading to partial or complete closure of the eyelids . these contractions may be intense and last from several seconds to a few minutes.1 ...	even though conventional botulinum neurotoxin ( bont ) products have shown successful treatment results in patients with benign blepharospasm ( beb ) , the main , potential long - term side effect of bont use is the development of immunologic resistance due to the production of neutralizing antibody to the neurotoxin a...
the importance of dental implantology has influenced that many oro - maxillofacial surgeons get involved in this issue . this influence has made that today we have many methods and manufacturers in this field . the aim of our study is to evaluate the advances and weaknesses in patient treatment with tiolox - dentau...	introduction : the importance of the dental implantology has influenced the development of many treatment methods in this field . the aim of our study is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment with tiolox - dentaurum dental implants in cases of partial and total lack of teeth , compared to clas...
the ever - changing safety regulations related to the drug use demands the development of dosage forms , which would be able to deliver drugs at specific sites , preferably through non - invasive routes in a rate - controlled manner . the biotechnologically produced protein drugs also need parallel delivery devices b...	clinical benefits , industry interest , regulatory precedence , and strong market potential have made transdermal research the fastest growth area in drug delivery . as most drugs permeate poorly through skin , a major challenge is achieving the therapeutic level by enhancement of permeation rate . iontophoresis , ...
as a result of recent , revolutionary developments in endovascular treatment , self - expanding stent - assisted coiling ( sac ) is now widely accepted for wide - neck or complex intracranial aneurysms , which are technically challenging for conventional coil embolization.5)9 ) sac has various advantages . for exampl...	objectivethe purpose of this study was to compare clinical findings and outcomes of enterprise and solitaire stent - assisted coiling ( sac).materials and methodsbetween january 2012 and march 2014 , 86 patients ( mean age , 60.3 years ) harboring 89 aneurysms were treated with enterprise ( n = 57 ) or solitaire ( n = ...
arteriovenous fistulas ( avfs ) are anomalous connections between the arterial and the venous systems without an intervening capillary network . renal avfs are often asymptomatic , but can also present with hematuria , pain , hydronephrosis , and heart failure . percutaneous interventions and penetrating trauma cau...	transcatheter embolization of renal arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) is a minimally invasive procedure that , in some occasions , can replace surgery and potentially save the kidney . the embolization techniques for the renal avfs have evolved considerably with the availability of newer hardwares . still , the risk of...
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ( mpnst ) is a malignant spindle cell tumor of the soft tissue thought to be derived from the components of nerve sheath such as perineural fibroblasts or schwann cells . these tumors are treated as a subcategory of soft tissue sarcoma , in which they comprise 310% of all such ...	malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ( mpnst ) is a malignant spindle cell tumor of the soft tissue thought to be derived from the components of nerve sheath . mpnsts are mainly located in the buttocks , thighs , brachial plexus , and paraspinal region . the objective of this article is to describe a case of neu...
annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma ( aegcg ) , is a rare granulomatous disorder characterized by annular plaques with elevated borders and central atrophy with a tendency to occur over sun exposed areas , rarely involving covered areas . aegcg falls under noninfectious granulomatous diseases of the skin , in wh...	annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma ( aegcg ) is a rare granulomatous skin disease characterized clinically by annular plaques with elevated borders and atrophic centers found mainly on sun - exposed skin and histologically by diffuse granulomatous infiltrates composed of multinucleated giant cells , histiocytes a...
in august and september 2005 , 29 g. biloba food supplements were sampled in the netherlands . claims for a positive influence on memory and/or concentration or improvement of blood circulation were most frequently mentioned . only four products did n't have any claims on the label ( see table 2 ) . analytical da...	backgroundeuropean regulation 1924/2006 states that all health claims made on foods need to be substantiated scientifically.objectiveto apply the passclaim criteria for the scientific substantiation of health claims on foods to herbal supplements containing ginkgo biloba . evaluation of three selected claimed health ...
malaria is a major public health problem in tropical countries . about 500 million people suffer from malaria , leading to death in 1 to 3 million cases . acute kidney injury ( aki ) is one of the most dreaded complications of severe malaria . the overall prevalence of aki in falciparum malaria varies between < 1 a...	acute kidney injury ( aki ) is one of the most dreaded complications of severe malaria . we carried out prospective study in 2010 , to describe clinical characteristics , laboratory parameters , prognostic factors , and outcome in 59 ( 44 males , 15 females ) smear - positive malaria patients with aki . the severit...
the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cystic lesions has become an area of developing interest over the past decade . increasing use of advanced abdominal imaging modalities has resulted in the discovery of previously unrecognized pancreatic cystic neoplasms ( pcns ) . as these lesions have become a more commo...	pancreatic cystic lesions are commonly encountered today with the routine use of cross - sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography ( ct ) and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) . the majority of patients discovered to have a pancreatic cyst are completely asymptomatic ; yet the presence of such a finding...
bromodomains are epigenetic reader modules of post - translational modifications , responsible for the recognition of -n - acetyllysine ( kac ) marks on histone proteins . in recent years , bromodomains have been implicated as both attractive and druggable targets for treating cancer , inflammation , and ne...	cellular and genetic evidence suggest that inhibition of atad2 could be a useful strategy to treat several types of cancer . to discover small - molecule inhibitors of the bromodomain of atad2 , we used a fragment - based approach . fragment hits were identified using nmr spectroscopy , and atad2 was crysta...
the two main types of skin cancer linked to ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation are nonmelanoma and malignant melanoma . the incidence and prevalence of both these skin cancers are increasing globally each year , with 2 - 3 million and 132,000 cases reported yearly , respectively . uv radiation is emitted from both the sun ...	the indoor tanning industry poses a long - term public health risk . despite the adverse health effects , indoor tanning seems to be gaining considerable popularity . the study examined indoor tanning intentions and behaviour within uk young adults using an extended theory of planned behaviour model , which include...
skin and soft tissue fungal infections were rare in survivors from 2004 indian ocean tsunami . only apophysomyces elegans , , fusarium solani and cladophialophora bantiana associated wound infections have been reported in tsunami survivors . cryptococcus gattii may be found worldwide , not only restricted t...	skin and soft tissue fungal infections with apophysomyces elegans , fusarium solani , cladophialophora bantiana have been reported in survivors from 2004 indian ocean tsunami . we report the first case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis caused by cryptococcus gattii vgii in a tsunami survivor from thailand .
paragonimiasis is a parasitic infestation caused by the lung fluke , paragonimus westermani and related species . after ingested , juvenile worms of paragonimus migrate to the lung via tortuous tracks ( 1 ) . for this reason , although primary site of paragonimiasis is the lung , ectopic infestation can occur in unex...	hepatic paragonimiasis is a rare form of ectopic infestation caused by paragonimus . we experienced a case of hepatic paragonimiasis that showed characteristic imaging findings . ct and mr images showed a cluster of small cysts with rim enhancement in the subcapsular area of the liver . this finding seems to be c...
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract . gists are malignancies that arise from intestinal cells of cajal , which are pace maker cells in the bowel wall , and the stomach is the most common location of gists [ 1 , 2 ] . surgical resection is the primary and...	gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) of the stomach presenting as an intra - abdominal abscess are extremely rare . we herein report a case that underwent successful laparoscopic resection of gastric gist presenting with an intra - abdominal abscess . a 70-year - old man presented with a 3-day history of acute u...
abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints during outpatient examinations . in particular , due to recent developments in diagnostic imaging , imaging tests are frequently performed in patients with complaints of abdominal pain . many cases in which abnormal findings are not observed are treated as cases of ...	a 52-year - old woman presented with recurrent , severe abdominal pain . laboratory tests and imaging were insignificant , and treatment for functional dyspepsia was ineffective . the poorly localized , dull , and severe abdominal pain , associated with anorexia , nausea , and vomiting , was consistent with abdomin...
this study was approved by the institutional review boards of the national centre of excellence in molecular biology and the combined neuroscience institutional review board at the national institutes of health . written informed consent consistent with the tenets of the declaration of helsinki was obtained from partic...	purposethe pakistan punjab population has been a rich source for identifying genes causing or contributing to autosomal recessive retinal degenerations ( arrd ) . this study was carried out to delineate the genetic architecture of arrd in the pakistani population.methodsthe genetic origin of arrd in a total of 144 fa...
about a century ago alois alzheimer and emil kraeplin among other neuropsychiatrists had ascribed arteriosclerotic dementia resulting from gradual strangulation of the blood supply to the brain as the main cause of dementia.1 otto binswanger should be recognized for introducing the notion of subclasses of vascular deme...	atherothromboembolism and intracranial small vessel disease are considered to be the main causes of cerebrovascular injury , which may lead to cognitive impairment and vascular dementia ( vad ) . vad appears to be the second most common type of dementia with prevalence estimates of 10 - 15% . cortical or multi - in...
	the total synthesis of two key analogues of vancomycin containing single - atom exchanges in the binding pocket ( residue 4 amidine and thioamide ) are disclosed as well as their peripherally modified ( 4-chlorobiphenyl)methyl ( cbp ) derivatives . their assessment indicates that combined pocket amidine and...
numerous wild edible plant species have been used by different communities in ethiopia , mainly as supplement to conventional foods [ 18 ] . however , the biodiversity is threatened through replacement of forests with agricultural expansion and deforestation without cultivation and domestication of potential species ...	edible parts of some wild and traditional vegetables used by the gumuz community , namely , portulaca quadrifida , dioscorea abyssinica , abelmoschus esculentus , and oxytenanthera abyssinica , were evaluated for their minerals composition and bioavailability . mineral elements , namely , ca , fe , zn , and cu , were...
acute mountain sickness ( ams ) is a disorder which is seen in ascent to altitudes higher than 3000 meters . it is a clinical syndrome with headache and one or more other symptoms including gastrointestinal symptoms ( poor appetite , nausea , vomiting ) , fatigue and/or weakness , dizziness / lightheadedness , and sl...	background . this study was designed to evaluate the incidence of acute mountain sickness ( ams ) occurring on different climbing routes on mount damavand and the effect of beginning time of ascent in iranian trekkers . methods . this study was a descriptive cohort investigation , performed in summer 2007 . all...
limb salvage surgery and revision arthroplasty are more demanding procedures than primary total arthroplasty . components of these procedures are a stable fixation of the prostheses to the host bone , joint line restoration , and a stable range of motion consistent with the patient 's daily activities . therefore , i...	purpose . rotating hinge knee prostheses should provide a stable situation following reconstruction . we performed a biomechanical analysis to establish the association between design of the central rotational stem ( peg ) and implant 's stability , in a theoretical setting . methods . six different rotating hi...
the causative agent of melioidosis , burkholderia pseudomallei , is endemic in the northern part of australia and southeast asia including malaysia . acute melioidosis may present as localized or septicaemic infections and can be fatal if left untreated . it was the common cause of community - acquired pneumonia in...	acute melioidosis may present as localised or septicaemic infections and can be fatal if left untreated . burkholderia pseudomallei resistant to antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis had been reported . the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of burkholderi...
both embryonic and adult stem cells are sources of undifferentiated cells , with the ability to repair and regenerate tissue . some of the stem cell types that can be used to improve infarcted heart are as follows : embryonic , cardiac , cardiomyocyte progenitor cells , hematopoietic cells , bone marrow mesenchymal s...	permanent loss of cardiomyocytes and scar tissue formation after myocardial infarction ( mi ) results in an irreversible damage to the cardiac function . cardiac repair ( replacement , restoration , and regeneration ) is , therefore , essential to restore function of the heart following mi . existing therapies lowe...
a 50-year - old female patient was referred to our department of oral medicine and radiodiagnosis with a complaint of a painless swelling over the right mandibular region since 3 months . intraoral examination revealed a swelling in relation to the right mandibular posterior region extending from the region of 45 to ...	simple bone cyst is an oft - described entity , which goes by many sobriquets and has been presented in the literature as early as 1926 . it is a lesion of unclear etiology with many proposed hypothesis for its pathogenesis and nonspecific histopathological presentation . we present a case of a solitary bone cyst ,...
persons with epilepsy , even those with well - controlled seizures , may face emotional distress , low self - esteem , reduced social interactions , decreased job opportunities , and problems with daily activities . a growing body of evidence implicates the socioeconomic status as a risk factor for epilepsy in adults...	background : epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders . the present study aimed to investigate the influence of occupational status on the quality of life of chinese adult patients with epilepsy.methods:this study surveyed 819 subjects clinically diagnosed with epilepsy for more than 1 year in ...
this changeable virus is responsible for several pandemic events such as 1947 , 1976 , 1977 , and 2009 pandemics . the novel h1n1 virus was detected in 2009 pandemic that was reported in mexico first and then spreading around the world . formal statistics reports explained that 3,672 known cases of influenza were c...	background : influenza disease is one of the oldest medical problems that can cause severe illness and high mortality rates , worldwide . in flu pandemics , medical and dental students knowledge , attitudes , and practices ( kap ) is critical to save patients life . the aim of this study was to determine the score of k...
lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis ( lta ) is a newly described medium vessel arteritis of the skin . it overlaps considerably with polyarteritis nodosa ( pan ) , but lacks systemic features . to the best of our knowledge , a 53-year - old south indian lady presented with a 5-year history of reddish patches over b...	a 55-year - old woman presented with a 5-year history of livedo racemosa on her limbs . histology showed vasculitis of medium - sized arteries with a circumferential , hyalinised , intraluminal fibrin ring . her laboratory investigations did not indicate any underlying systemic disease . the findings were consist...
cross - cultural perspectives are important to boost innovation in services and healthcare is not an exception . it is an important element to inspire thoughts out - of - the - box , or , more practically , to find new ways of organizing and correcting problems otherwise not considered . at a time when there is a d...	background : the work of a family physician is quite different in each country , and if we consider different continents , differences are even more remarkable . social and cultural contexts justify a particular organization , not only of the health - care system but also its providers as well.objectives:by analyzing...
direct drug delivery to the neural axis is an effective treatment for primary disorders of the central nervous system ( cns ) , as well as for a growing number of systemic conditions , when other means have failed or resulted in intolerable side effects.1,2 neuromodulation in chronic pain patients traditionally has inv...	direct central nervous system ( cns ) analgesic delivery is a useful option when more traditional means of dealing with chronic pain fail . solutions containing local anesthetic have been effective in certain disease states , particularly in patients suffering from intractable head and neck pain . this review discu...
tryptoline ( tetrahydro--carboline ) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline ( thiq ) are substructures of numerous bioactive natural products that contain additional fused rings ( scheme 1 ) . the desire to build such highly substituted polycyclic compounds with complete stereocontrol has inspired the development...	cyclic amines such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline undergo regiodivergent annulation reactions with 4-nitrobutyraldehydes . these redox - neutral transformations enable the asymmetric synthesis of highly substituted polycyclic ring systems in just two steps from commercial materials . the utility of this ...
chronic myeloid leukemia ( cml ) is the most common leukemia seen at regional cancer center , indira gandhi institute of medical sciences , sheikhpura , patna and bihar , india . cml cases constitute about 70% of total leukemia cases seen at our institution , whereas in india , cml accounts for 30% to 60% of all adul...	indira gandhi institute of medical sciences , regional cancer center was established in 1993 . it 's one of the main health - care institution in the state of bihar . the data of 205 patients was presented in the icon meeting and 98% of patients were diagnosed in chronic phase . complete hematological response wa...
the hh - signaling pathway . ( a ) a diagram of the hh - signaling pathway , showing the site of action of the agonists ( green ) and antagonists ( red ) discussed in the text , as well as many additional factors that affect the pathway . abbreviations : ck1 , casein kinase 1 ; cos2 , costal2 ; dyrk1 , dual - specifi...	the discovery of small molecules that act as agonists and antagonists of the hedgehog - gli signaling pathway , which plays important roles in the embryo and adult , opens a new avenue for the treatment of diseases caused by aberrant suppression or activation of this complex pathway .
for visual function measurement , a 10-month - old domestic male pig ( sus scrofa domesticus ) , weighing approximately 30 kg , was used . the animal was treated according to the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research . the animal was sedated with an intramuscular injection ( ketami...	purposeblind individuals who have photoreceptor loss are known to perceive phosphenes with electrical stimulation of their remaining retinal ganglion cells . we proposed that implantable lateral geniculate body ( lgb ) stimulus electrode arrays could be used to generate phosphene vision . we attempted to refine the...
sepsis , a systemic inflammatory response to infection , is one of the most challenging clinical problems worldwide and the leading cause of death in noncoronary icus . recent studies have shown that both pro- and anti - inflammatory mechanisms may occur early and simultaneously in sepsis . during the proinflammatory...	programmed cell death 1 ( pd-1 ) plays an important pathologic role in sepsis - induced immunosuppression . however , whether pd-1 overexpression occurs early during septic shock is unknown and its regulation mechanism is also unknown . our study investigated the expressions of pd-1/programmed death - ligand 1 ( pd -...
the functional response of a predator is a key factor regulating the population dynamics of predator - prey systems . it describes the rate at which a predator kills its prey at different prey densities and can thus determine the efficiency of a predator in regulating prey populations ( murdoch and oaten 1975 ) . t...	the functional response parameters and patterns of three coccinellid predators , cheilomenes sexmaculata , propylea dissecta , and coccinella transversalis ( coleoptera : coccinellidae ) were evaluated to find out how these predators respond at two different prey species across various prey densities levels . all thr...
although ct coronary angiography ( ctca ) can reliably rule out coronary artery stenosis in symptomatic angina patients , the specificity is limited in these patients [ 13 ] . therefore , present guidelines discourage the use of ctca in symptomatic angina patients , as the percentage of conventional coronary angiogra...	present guidelines discourage the use of ct coronary angiography ( ctca ) in symptomatic angina patients . we examined the relation between coronary calcium score ( cs ) and the performance of ctca in patients with stable and unstable angina in order to understand under which conditions ctca might be a gate - keeper ...
however , tumor recurrence occurs in approximately 50% of cases . circulating tumor cells ( ctcs ) are assumed to be the predominant cause of metastatic dissemination , and evidence supports the tumor - initiating properties of ( a subset of ) ctcs.1 , 2 the cellsearch platform ( janssen diagnostics llc , raritan , n...	tumor recurrence after surgical resection of nsclc obstructs long - term disease - free survival in approximately 50% of cases . our data suggest that combining circulating tumor cell enumeration ( as single cells or clusters ) in tumor - draining pulmonary vein and peripheral blood ( assessed by cellsearch ) at the ...
the current classification of periodontal diseases includes accidental , iatrogenic , and factitious traumatic lesions.1 although the prevalence of traumatic gingival lesions is relatively high , there are limited reports on the diagnosis and management of these injuries . traumatic lesions , whether chemical , physi...	injuries to oral soft - tissues can occur due to accidental , iatrogenic , and factitious traumas . traumatic lesions , whether chemical , physical , or thermal in nature , are among the most common in the mouth . a type of physical injury to the gingival tissues is self - inflicted . sometimes the lesions are te...
, blood pressure is measured using a sphygmomanometer ( manual or automatic ) over the brachial artery . the vast majority of the evidence supporting the benefits of blood pressure reduction is based on brachial blood pressure measurements . over the last 10 years , several antihypertensive drug treatment trials h...	clinical trials have reported reduced cardiovascular events with certain antihypertensive agents at a rate that could not be predicted by changes in brachial arterial pressure alone . these findings may be explained , in part , by pleiotropic effects of these agents and modulation of central blood pressures . this re...
compared to advanced gastric cancer , early gastric cancer ( egc ) shows a favorable prognosis , with 5-year survival rates exceeding 94%.1 lymph node ( ln ) status is the most important prognostic factor . even in egc , the incidence of ln metastasis exceeds 10% ; is reported to be 14.1% overall and appears in 4.8 t...	neurofibromas are benign tumors that originate from the peripheral nerves , including neurites and fibroblasts . generally , a solitary neurofibroma is located in the skin and rarely in other places . a 72-year - old female suffered from epigastric discomfort for 2 months . endoscopic findings showed an early gas...
stroke is the second most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease in the world with 4.38 million deaths in developed countries and almost 3 million in developing countries.1 stroke causes 10% to 12% of deaths in industrialized countries . almost 90% of deaths caused by stroke occur in people over 65 years ...	background : dronedarone has been developed for treatment of atrial fibrillation ( af ) or atrial flutter ( afl ) . it is an amiodarone analogue but noniodinized and without the same adverse effects as amiodarone.objective and methods : this is a review of 7 studies ( dafne , adonis , euridis , athena , andromeda , e...
the epithelium that lines our digestive tract harbors 100 trillion bacteria1 and mediates our relationship to the world outside . our intestine is constantly exposed to a wide variety of immunogenic particles and microorganism - derived antigens . its surface area is large enough to process over 50 tons of food in ...	the interface between the intestinal lumen and the mucosa is the location where the majority of ingested immunogenic particles face the scrutiny of the vast gastrointestinal immune system . upon regular physiological conditions , the intestinal micro - flora and the epithelial barrier are well prepared to process daily...
thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system ; approximately 37,200 new cases were expected to occur in the united states in 2009.1 in the city of so paulo , brazil , 1207 and 6004 cases of thyroid cancer in males and females , respectively , were identified from 1997 to 2003.2 according to...	objectives : the aim of this study was to examine the expression of the n - myc downstream - regulated gene 1 protein in benign and malignant lesions of the thyroid gland by immunohistochemistry.introduction:n-myc downstream - regulated gene 1 encodes a protein whose expression is induced by various stimuli , including...
aluminum ( al ) is abundantly distributed in our environment , and compounds containing al have been used in manufacturing ( e.g. , clays , glasses , and alum ) for centuries . despite its abundance , al was first isolated as an element in 1827 , and its use as being a silvery metal began only after 1886 . because of...	whilst being environmentally abundant , aluminum is not essential for life . on the contrary , aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants , animals , and humans . the relationship between aluminum exposure and ...
deficits of zinc due to primary ( low dietary intakes ) , or secondary ( nutrient - nutrient , disease - nutrient , and gene - nutrient interactions ) causes , can result in an increased risk for multiple pregnancy complications including birth defects . low zinc status has been reported to affect up to 50% of the wo...	the essentiality of zinc for normal brain development is well established . it has been suggested that primary and secondary zinc deficiencies can contribute to the occurrence of numerous human birth defects , including many involving the central nervous system . in a recent study , we searched for zinc transporter g...
significant progress in our understanding of neuronal network dynamics underlying brain function requires the ability to monitor the activity of multiple neurons simultaneously . optical imaging based on voltage - sensitive dyes offers the spatio - temporal resolution necessary to fulfill this requirement ( reviewed ...	over the last decade , optical neuroimaging methods have been enriched by engineered biosensors derived from fluorescent protein ( fp ) reporters fused to protein detectors that convert physiological signals into changes of intrinsic fp fluorescence . these fp - based indicators are genetically encoded , and hence ta...
breast cancer is the common cancer in women and the leading cause of death due to tumors . breast cancer is detected relatively early due to the development of screening ; however , distant metastases or local recurrences are noted in many patients even after radical treatment . the common lesions of breast cancer ...	abstractmetastasis to the thyroid gland is very rare . recently , we experienced a case of thyroid metastasis from breast cancer accompanying a papillary thyroid . a 51-year - old female patient presented with a palpated lymph node on her left lateral neck . the patient had undergone a left modified radical mastect...
nestin;nf1;z / eg , nestin;nf1;z / eg , and nestin;z / eg mice were generated by crossing nestin driver with z / eg reporter ( tg(cag - bgeo / gfp)21lbe / j , jackson labs ) and nf1 mice , where applicable . gli1;nf1;z / eg and gli1;z / eg mice were generated in a similar fashion , but with gli1 mice . all mice in th...	endogenous neural stem cells ( nscs ) in the adult hippocampus are considered bi - potent , as they only produce neurons and astrocytes in vivo . here we show in mouse that inactivation of neurofibromin 1 , a gene mutated in neurofibromatosis type 1 , unlocks a latent oligodendrocyte lineage potential to produce all ...
a low ankle - brachial index ( abi ) is deemed a feasible , valid , and noninvasive indicator of atherosclerosis . a low abi suggests the development and severity of lower - limb peripheral arterial disease and can play a crucial role as an independent risk indicator of cardiovascular events and mortality . a reclass...	abstractbackground : given the lack of consistency in the literature regarding the reliability of the ankle - brachial index ( abi ) as a valid screening tool and an independent risk indicator of cardiovascular events and mortality , we compared it with angiography as a reference standard test.methods:this case - contr...
there is growing evidence from randomized controlled trials ( rcts ) and meta - analyses that acupuncture had clinically significant effects ( efficacy over placebo controls ) . the results have proved that acupuncture may also have clinically significant effects on objective functional outcome . according to rcts wi...	background : it has not been solved what kind of needle sensation might influence outcomes of acupuncture treatment . effects of personality factors on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture have not been investigated . this study aimed to find the effects of the traits of personality on the objective outcome when d...
credited by many for first detailing the lesion in a 1984 case series , oreck described std as a complete disruption of the scapulothoracic articulation with lateral scapular displacement and intact skin . patients often present with soft - tissue swelling of the shoulder , lateral displacement of the scapula , injur...	scapulothoracic dissociation ( std ) is a devastating consequence of high - energy trauma sustained by the shoulder girdle that can easily result in rapid mortality . since described by oreck et al . in 1984 , std has been reported in a handful of journals and individual case series , though is still considered a rare ...
in today 's healthcare system , as the environment for care shifts to maintaining older adults in the community , more families are assuming responsibility for the care of elderly family members at home . the importance of families as a healthcare resource is predicted to significantly increase during the next centur...	this pilot randomized trial tested an intervention aimed at enhancing resourcefulness in family caregivers of persons with dementia , postulating that caregivers ' emotional outcomes ( anxiety and depression ) and role outcomes ( reward , strain , mutuality , and preparedness ) would be improved , and problem behaviors...
alopecia areata ( aa ) is one among the causes of non - cicatricial alopecia in children which comes next only to non - inflammatory tinea capitis and telogen effluvium . though it affects all age groups , authentic statistical data regarding the condition in pediatric age group are lacking . aa is considered to be o...	alopecia areata ( aa ) is one among the many causes of non - scarring alopecia in children . family history has been noted in 10 - 20% of cases , but concomitant presentation in siblings is extremely rare . the patterns and associations of childhood aa are similar to adults ; however , there are some differences wh...
happiness as a concept was attended by most of scientists and philosophers during the time . most of philosophers and historians believe that , at the first , happiness was focused on good chance , but now , happiness defined as an emotion that is under control of human and persuaded as a goal . centuries before ch...	background : according to the mother s key roles in bringing up emotional and cognitive abilities of mentally retarded children and respect to positive psychology in recent decades , this research is administered to assess the relation between mother s happiness level with cognitive- executive functions ( i.e. attentio...
infection with hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) is a well - known and an important cause of liver disease in patients on hemodialysis ( hd ) . recombinant hepatitis b vaccines are commonly utilized in hd patients for prophylaxis against hbv infections . the presently available vaccines contain purified recombinant hepatit...	hepatitis b vaccination is mandatory for all hepatitis b surface antigen ( hbsag)-negative hemodialysis ( hd ) patients with low hepatitis b surface antibody titers . we report a case of transient hepatitis b surface antigenemia , detected incidentally , in an hd patient after the second dose of hepatitis b vaccine ....
receiving long - term care ( ltc ) in old age is still widely associated with a definite and dead - end situation . for this reason preventive and rehabilitative measures for older people already in need of continuous care have not yet been perceived or treated as health policy issues of great importance . the data f...	introduction and backgroundreceiving long - term care ( ltc ) in old age is still widely associated with a definite and dead - end situation . for this reason preventive and rehabilitative measures for older people already in need of continuous care have not yet been perceived or treated as health policy issues of grea...
it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality , characterized by slow , progressive , and irreversible loss of kidney function1,2,3,4 . in brazil , the number of patients with chronic kidney failure in outpatient dialysis programs increases by 8% per year1 . dialysis can prolong the lives of patients , ...	[ purpose ] to assess knowledge among nephrologists at hemodialysis services about routine intradialytic therapeutic exercise , in the city of recife . [ subjects and methods ] a cross - sectional study , consisting of 49 nephrologists working in public and/or private hemodialysis services , who responded to a ...
the association between dietary fat and risk of cancer has been extensively investigated , and the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufa ) in diet seems to be of particular importance . however , the effects of single dietary n-3 and n-6 pufa , and the ratio n-3/n-6 pufa are not completely clear . the maj...	fatty acid metabolism is altered in colorectal cancer ( crc ) . we aimed to investigate incorporation of dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( pufas ) into plasma phospholipids ( pls ) , tumour tissue , and normal mucosa in young crc patients . we also aimed to study differences in pufa composition betw...
alzheimer s disease ( ad ) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide , affecting an increasing number of people each year due to population aging . recently published diagnostic algorithms for ad enable its diagnosis independently of its symptoms , based on biomarkers , for instance on cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ...	introductioncerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) biomarkers improve the diagnostic accuracy for alzheimer s disease ( ad ) , even at the predementia stage of the disease . the 4-allele of apolipoprotein e ( apoe 4 ) , female sex , and older age are well - known risk factors for ad . it is unclear how these risk factors affe...
a recently published article on the specificity and sensitivity of disease identification utilizing the ivue iwellnessexam test revealed that the data provided were sufficient for a well - trained eye clinician to review and accurately detect disease in a very high percent of subjects with either retinal and/or optic...	introduction . four novices to spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sd - oct ) image review were provided a brief lecture on the interpretation of ivue iwellnessexam findings ( available on ivue sd - oct , optovue , inc . , fremont , ca ) . for a cohort of 126 ( confirmed ) normal , 101 ( confirmed ) diseas...
the development of dual - energy ( de ) ct scanners paved the road for new clinical applications , taking advantage of the energy dependence of x - ray attenuation in matter , a fact that formerly had been considered a drawback . this technology allows for exposing patients to two distinct spectra , acquiring informa...	this work proposes a dedicated statistical algorithm to perform a direct reconstruction of material - decomposed images from data acquired with photon - counting detectors ( pcds ) in computed tomography . it is based on local approximations ( surrogates ) of the negative logarithmic poisson probability function . ex...
the current study was performed as a nested case - control study in subjects participating in the prevend study . this prospective community - based cohort study on the natural course of urinary albumin excretion ( uae ) with serial follow - up measurements details of the study protocol have previously been published...	objectivedevelopment of micro- or macroalbuminuria is associated with increased risk of cardiorenal complications , particularly in diabetes . for prevention of transition to micro- or macroalbuminuria , more accurate prediction markers on top of classical risk markers are needed . we studied a promising new marker...
the monoclonal anti - c5 antibody eculizumab is an inhibitor of the terminal complement complex formation , successfully tested in atypical haemolytic - uraemic syndrome ( ahus ) , with or without mutations in the regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway of the complement , and less convincingly in enterohaemorrh...	the monoclonal anti - c5 antibody eculizumab has been successfully tested in atypical haemolytic - uraemic syndrome ( ahus ) , with or without mutations in the regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway of the complement , and less convincingly in enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli - associated hus . here , we rep...
schizophrenia is a common disabling mental disorder , affecting approximately 1% of the general population , presenting with delusions , hallucinations , disorganized behaviors , and negative symptoms ( a deterioration in personal and social performance ) . some experts suggest that there is an association between th...	context : previous studies have suggested subtle anatomical brain differences between patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects . however , the results are inconsistent and there is no study investigating the various subtypes of this mental disorder separately.aim:this study was conducted to compare the ...
a random unit length vector in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal } \usepackage{amsmath } \usepackage{wasysym } \usepackage{amsfonts } \usepackage{amssymb } \usepackage{amsbsy } \usepackage{mathrsfs } \usepackage{upgreek } \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt } \begin{documen...	maximum likelihood estimation of the concentration parameter of von mises fisher distributions involves inverting the ratio \documentclass[12pt]{minimal } \usepackage{amsmath } \usepackage{wasysym } \usepackage{amsfonts } \usepackage{amssymb } \usepackage{amsbsy } \usepackage{mathrs...
major depressive disorder ( mdd ) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder1 and a leading cause of disease burden.2 currently , a diagnosis of mdd is made on the basis of clinical symptoms that are exhibited by patients . there are no established practical laboratory tests that can be used to discriminate patients ...	purposerecently , we could distinguished patients with major depressive disorder ( mdd ) from nonpsychiatric controls with high accuracy using a panel of five gene expression markers ( arhgap24 , hdac5 , pdgfc , prnp , and slc6a4 ) in leukocyte . in the present study , we examined whether this biological test is able...
reagents were obtained from sigma chemical ( st . louis , mo , usa ) unless otherwise specified . the protocol was approved by the ethics committee for experimentation with animals of the akita prefectural experiment station . oocytes were collected from follicles ( 25 mm in diameter ) of bovine ovaries collected...	the antioxidant effect of n , n - dimethylglycine ( dmg ) on in vitro - produced ( ivp ) bovine embryos was examined . after in vitro fertilization , presumptive zygotes were cultured with or without 0.1 m dmg under different oxygen tensions . the percentage of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage was l...
an important task in molecular biology is the accurate classification of biological specimens on the base of their gene expression profiles . methods for accurate and reproducible classification are increasingly required for the potential biomedical applications of expression profiles , such as disease classification...	scudo ( signature - based clustering for diagnostic purposes ) is an online tool for the analysis of gene expression profiles for diagnostic and classification purposes . the tool is based on a new method for the clustering of profiles based on a subject - specific , as opposed to disease - specific , signature . o...
the authors declare that the work described has not been published previously , that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere , that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out , and that if accepted , it will...	highlightsa case of a 78-year - old female with bilateral prevascular groin herniae following an emergency aorto - uniiliac evar and femoro - femoral bypass for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is presented.primary repair of the herniae was achieved using a preperitoneal approach.the case emphasises a safe approach...
skin wound healing in adult mammals is a dynamic process , involving inflammation , proliferation , and maturation or remodeling phases . inflammation is initiated first , with neutrophil accumulation in the wound area , followed by resident macrophages and circulating monocytes infiltrating the wound . proliferati...	skin injury in adult mammals brings about a series of events and inflammation in the wounded area is initiated first and provides lots of inflammatory factors , which is critical for the final scar formation . while the postinjured skin of fetus and nude mice heals scarlessly owing to the absence of inflammation or imm...
adult muscle tissue is highly exposed to the damage by both internal and external factors throughout the life span and therefore requires the ability to effectively regenerate . the cells which are primarily responsible for skeletal muscle tissue restoration capacity are called satellite cells . the idea to deliver m...	the vast majority of myoblasts transplanted into the skeletal muscle die within the first week after injection . inflammatory response to the intramuscular cell transfer was studied in allogeneic but not in autologous model . the aim of this study was to evaluate immune reaction to autotransplantation of myogenic c...
the cochlear implant ( ci ) is the treatment of choice for the ( re)habilitation of individuals with severe and profound sensorineural deafness.1 the ci partially replaces the function of the cochlea , transforming sound energy into electrical signals . its function depends on the integrity of the cochlear nerve to c...	introduction neural response telemetry ( nrt ) is a method of capturing the action potential of the distal portion of the auditory nerve in cochlear implant ( ci ) users , using the ci itself to elicit and record the answers . in addition , it can also measure the recovery function of the auditory nerve ( rec ) , th...
some hounds became lethargic and weak ; in some , these signs progressed to loss of consciousness . postmortem examination of the hound that died ( case 1 ) and 1 that was euthanized ( case 2 ) showed subacute broncho - interstitial pneumonia ; virus was suspected as the cause . when they were puppies ( 8 weeks of ...	we retrospectively demonstrated that an outbreak of severe respiratory disease in a pack of english foxhounds in the united kingdom in september 2002 was caused by an equine influenza a virus ( h3n8 ) . we also demonstrated that canine respiratory tissue possesses the relevant receptors for infection with equine infl...

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